Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (part 60 of 60)

Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (part 60 of 60)

Defn: Anemophilous; fertilized by pollen borne by the wind.

WINDFLOWER Wind"flow`er, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The anemone; -- so called because formerly supposed to open only when the wind was blowing. See Anemone.

WINDGALL Wind"gall`, n. (Far.)

Defn: A soft tumor or synovial swelling on the fetlock joint of a horse; -- so called from having formerly been supposed to contain air.

WINDHOVER Wind"hov`er, n. Etym: [From its habit of hovering over one spot.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The kestrel; -- called also windbibber, windcuffer, windfanner. [Prov. Eng.]

WINDINESS Wind"i*ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being windy or tempestuous; as, the windiness of the weather or the season.

2. Fullness of wind; flatulence.

3. Tendency to generate wind or gas; tendency to produce flatulence; as, the windiness of vegetables.

4. Tumor; puffiness. The swelling windiness of much knowledge. Brerewood.

WINDING Wind"ing, n. Etym: [From Wind to blow.] (Naut.)

Defn: A call by the boatswain's whistle.

WINDING Wind"ing, a. Etym: [From Wind to twist.]

Defn: Twisting from a direct line or an even surface; circuitous. Keble.

WINDING Wind"ing, n.

Defn: A turn or turning; a bend; a curve; flexure; meander; as, the windings of a road or stream. To nurse the saplings tall, and curl the grove With ringlets quaint, and wanton windings wove. Milton.

Defn: A line- or ribbon-shaped material (as wire, string, or bandaging) wound around an object; as, the windings (conducting wires) wound around the armature of an electric motor or generator. Winding engine, an engine employed in mining to draw up buckets from a deep pit; a hoisting engine. -- Winding sheet, a sheet in which a corpse is wound or wrapped. -- Winding tackle (Naut.), a tackle consisting of a fixed triple block, and a double or triple movable block, used for hoisting heavy articles in or out of a vessel. Totten.

WINDINGLY Wind"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a winding manner.

WINDJAMMER Wind"jam`mer, n.

1. (Naut.) A sailing vessel or one of its crew; -- orig. so called contemptuously by sailors on steam vessels. [Colloq.]

2. An army bugler or trumpeter; any performer on a wind instrument. [Slang]

WINDLACE Wind"lace, n. & v.

Defn: See Windlass. [Obs.] Two arblasts, . . . with windlaces and quarrels. Sir W. Scott.

WINDLASS Wind"lass, n.Etym: [Perhaps from wind to turn + lace.]

Defn: A winding and circuitous way; a roundabout course; a shift.

WINDLASS Wind"lass, v. i.

Defn: To take a roundabout course; to work warily or by indirect means. [Obs.] Hammond.

WINDLASS Wind"lass, n. Etym: [OE. windelas, windas, Icel. vindilass, vindas, fr. vinda to wind + ass a pole; cf. Goth. ans a beam. See Wind to turn.]

1. A machine for raising weights, consisting of a horizontal cylinder or roller moving on its axis, and turned by a crank, lever, or similar means, so as to wind up a rope or chain attached to the weight. In vessels the windlass is often used instead of the capstan for raising the anchor. It is usually set upon the forecastle, and is worked by hand or steam.

2. An apparatus resembling a winch or windlass, for bending the bow of an arblast, or crossbow. [Obs.] Shak. Chinese windlass. See Differential windlass, under Differential.

WINDLASS Wind"lass, v. t. & i.

Defn: To raise with, or as with, a windlass; to use a windlass. The Century.

WINDLE Win"dle, n. Etym: [From Wind to turn.]

1. A spindle; a kind of reel; a winch.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The redwing. [Prov. Eng.]

WINDLESS Wind"less, a.

1. Having no wind; calm.

2. Wanting wind; out of breath.

WINDLESTRAE; WINDLESTRAW Win"dle*strae`, Win"dle*straw`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A grass used for making ropes or for plaiting, esp. Agrostis Spica-ventis. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Shelley.

WINDMILL Wind"mill`, n.

Defn: A mill operated by the power of the wind, usually by the action of the wind upon oblique vanes or sails which radiate from a horizontal shaft. Chaucer.

WINDORE Win"dore, n. Etym: [A corrupt. of window; or perh. coined on the wrong assumption that window is from wind + door.]

Defn: A window. [Obs.] Hudibras.

WINDOW Win"dow, n. Etym: [OE. windowe, windoge, Icel. vindauga window, properly, wind eye; akin to Dan. vindue. Wind, n., and Eye.]

1. An opening in the wall of a building for the admission of light and air, usually closed by casements or sashes containing some transparent material, as glass, and capable of being opened and shut at pleasure. I leaped from the window of the citadel. Shak. Then to come, in spite of sorrow, And at my window bid good morrow. Milton.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: The shutter, casement, sash with its fittings, or other framework, which closes a window opening.

3. A figure formed of lines crossing each other. [R.] Till he has windows on his bread and butter. King.

French window (Arch.), a casement window in two folds, usually reaching to the floor; -- called also French casement. -- Window back (Arch.), the inside face of the low, and usually thin, piece of wall between the window sill and the floor below. -- Window blind, a blind or shade for a window. -- Window bole, part of a window closed by a shutter which can be opened at will. [Scot.] -- Window box, one of the hollows in the sides of a window frame for the weights which counterbalance a lifting sash. -- Window frame, the frame of a window which receives and holds the sashes or casement. -- Window glass, panes of glass for windows; the kind of glass used in windows. -- Window martin (Zoöl.), the common European martin. [Prov. Eng.] - - Window oyster (Zoöl.), a marine bivalve shell (Placuna placenta) native of the East Indies and China. Its valves are very broad, thin, and translucent, and are said to have been used formerly in place of glass. -- Window pane. (a) (Arch.) See Pane, n., 3 (b). (b) (Zoöl.) See Windowpane, in the Vocabulary. -- Window sash, the sash, or light frame, in which panes of glass are set for windows. -- Window seat, a seat arranged in the recess of a window. See Window stool, under Stool. -- Window shade, a shade or blind for a window; usually, one that is hung on a roller. -- Window shell (Zoöl.), the window oyster. -- Window shutter, a shutter or blind used to close or darken windows. -- Window sill (Arch.), the flat piece of wood, stone, or the like, at the bottom of a window frame. -- Window swallow (Zoöl.), the common European martin. [Prov. Eng.] -- Window tax, a tax or duty formerly levied on all windows, or openings for light, above the number of eight in houses standing in cities or towns. [Eng.]

WINDOW Win"dow, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Windowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Windowing.]

1. To furnish with windows.

2. To place at or in a window. [R.] Wouldst thou be windowed in great Rome and see Thy master thus with pleach'd arms, bending down His corrigible neck Shak.

WINDOWED Win"dowed, a.

Defn: Having windows or openings. [R.] "Looped and windowed raggedness." Shak.

WINDOWLESS Win"dow*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a window. Carlyle.

WINDOWPANE Win"dow*pane`, n.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: See Pane, n., (3) b. [In this sense, written also window pane.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A thin, spotted American turbot (Pleuronectes maculatus) remarkable for its translucency. It is not valued as a food fish. Called also spotted turbot, daylight, spotted sand flounder, and water flounder.

WINDOWY Win"dow*y, a.

Defn: Having little crossings or openings like the sashes of a window. [R.] Donne.

WINDPIPE Wind"pipe`, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The passage for the breath from the larynx to the lungs; the trachea; the weasand. See Illust. under Lung.

WIND-PLANT Wind"-plant`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A windflower.

WIND-RODE Wind"-rode`, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Caused to ride or drive by the wind in opposition to the course of the tide; -- said of a vessel lying at anchor, with wind and tide opposed to each other. Totten.

WINDROW Wind"row`, n. Etym: [Wind + row.]

1. A row or line of hay raked together for the purpose of being rolled into cocks or heaps.

2. Sheaves of grain set up in a row, one against another, that the wind may blow between them. [Eng.]

3. The green border of a field, dug up in order to carry the earth on other land to mend it. [Eng.]

WINDROW Wind"row, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Windrowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Windrowing.]

Defn: To arrange in lines or windrows, as hay when newly made. Forby.

WIND-SHAKEN Wind"-shak`en, a.

Defn: Shaken by the wind; specif. (Forestry),

Defn: affected by wind shake, or anemosis (which see, above).

WIND SIGNAL Wind signal.

Defn: In general, any signal announcing information concerning winds, and esp. the expected approach of winds whose direction and force are dangerous to shipping, etc. The wind-signal system of the United States Weather Bureau consists of storm, information, hurricane, hot wind, and inland storm signals.

WINDSOR Wind"sor, n.

Defn: A town in Berkshire, England. Windsor bean. (Bot.) See under Bean. -- Windsor chair, a kind of strong, plain, polished, wooden chair. Simmonds. -- Windsor soap, a scented soap well known for its excellence.

WINDSTORM Wind"storm, n.

Defn: A storm characterized by high wind with little or no rain.

WIND-SUCKER Wind"-suck`er, n.

1. (Far.) A horse given to wind-sucking Law.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The kestrel. B. Jonson.

WIND-SUCKING Wind"-suck`ing, n. (Far.)

Defn: A vicious habit of a horse, consisting in the swallowing of air; -- usually associated with crib-biting, or cribbing. See Cribbing, 4.

WINDTIGHT Wind"tight`, a.

Defn: So tight as to prevent the passing through of wind. Bp. Hall.

WIND-UP Wind"-up`, n.

Defn: Act of winding up, or closing; a concluding act or part; the end.

WINDWARD Wind"ward, n.

Defn: The point or side from which the wind blows; as, to ply to the windward; -- opposed to Ant: leeward. To lay an anchor to the windward, a figurative expression, signifying to adopt precautionary or anticipatory measures for success or security.

WINDWARD Wind"ward, a.

Defn: Situated toward the point from which the wind blows; as, the Windward Islands.

WINDWARD Wind"ward, adv.

Defn: Toward the wind; in the direction from which the wind blows.

WINDY Wind"y, a. [Compar. Windier; superl. Windiest.] Etym: [AS. windig.]

1. Consisting of wind; accompanied or characterized by wind; exposed to wind. "The windy hill." M. Arnold. Blown with the windy tempest of my heart. Shak.

2. Next the wind; windward. It keeps on the windy side of care. Shak.

3. Tempestuous; boisterous; as, windy weather.

4. Serving to occasion wind or gas in the intestines; flatulent; as, windy food.

5. Attended or caused by wind, or gas, in the intestines. "A windy colic." Arbuthnot.

6. Fig.: Empty; airy. "Windy joy." Milton. Here's that windy applause, that poor, transitory pleasure, for which I was dishonored. South.

WINE Wine, n. Etym: [OE. win, AS. win, fr. L. vinum (cf. Icel. vin; all from the Latin); akin to Gr. o'i^nos, , and E. withy. Cf. Vine, Vineyard, Vinous, Withy.]

1. The expressed juice of grapes, esp. when fermented; a beverage or liquor prepared from grapes by squeezing out their juice, and (usually) allowing it to ferment. "Red wine of Gascoigne." Piers Plowman. Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging, and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise. Prov. xx. 1. Bacchus, that first from out the purple grape Crushed the sweet poison of misused wine. Milton.

Note: Wine is essentially a dilute solution of ethyl alcohol, containing also certain small quantities of ethers and ethereal salts which give character and bouquet. According to their color, strength, taste, etc., wines are called red, white, spirituous, dry, light, still, etc.

2. A liquor or beverage prepared from the juice of any fruit or plant by a process similar to that for grape wine; as, currant wine; gooseberry wine; palm wine.

3. The effect of drinking wine in excess; intoxication. Noah awoke from his wine. Gen. ix. 24. Birch wine, Cape wine, etc. See under Birch, Cape, etc. -- Spirit of wine. See under Spirit. -- To have drunk wine of ape or wine ape, to be so drunk as to be foolish. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Wine acid. (Chem.) See Tartaric acid, under Tartaric. [Colloq.] - - Wine apple (Bot.), a large red apple, with firm flesh and a rich, vinous flavor. -- Wine bag, a wine skin. -- Wine biscuit, a kind of sweet biscuit served with wine. -- Wine cask, a cask for holding wine, or which holds, or has held, wine. -- Wine cellar, a cellar adapted or used for storing wine. -- Wine cooler, a vessel of porous earthenware used to cool wine by the evaporation of water; also, a stand for wine bottles, containing ice.a drink composed of approximately equal parts of wine and some carbonated beverage (soda). Also called California cooler. -- Wine fly (Zoöl.), small two-winged fly of the genus Piophila, whose larva lives in wine, cider, and other fermented liquors. -- Wine grower, one who cultivates a vineyard and makes wine. -- Wine measure, the measure by which wines and other spirits are sold, smaller than beer measure. -- Wine merchant, a merchant who deals in wines. -- Wine of opium (Pharm.), a solution of opium in aromatized sherry wine, having the same strength as ordinary laudanum; -- also Sydenham's laudanum. -- Wine press, a machine or apparatus in which grapes are pressed to extract their juice. -- Wine skin, a bottle or bag of skin, used, in various countries, for carrying wine. -- Wine stone, a kind of crust deposited in wine casks. See 1st Tartar, 1. -- Wine vault. (a) A vault where wine is stored. (b) A place where wine is served at the bar, or at tables; a dramshop. Dickens. -- Wine vinegar, vinegar made from wine. -- Wine whey, whey made from milk coagulated by the use of wine.

WINEBERRY Wine"ber`ry, n. (Bot.) (a) The red currant. (b) The bilberry. (c) A peculiar New Zealand shrub (Coriaria ruscifolia), in which the petals ripen and afford an abundant purple juice from which a kind of wine is made. The plant also grows in Chili.

WINEBIBBER Wine"bib`ber, n.

Defn: One who drinks much wine. Prov. xxiii. 20. -- Wine"bib`bing, n.

WINEGLASS Wine"glass`, n.

Defn: A small glass from to drink wine.

WINEGLASSFUL Wine"glass`ful;, n. pl. Wineglassfuls (.

Defn: As much as a wineglass will hold; enough to fill a wineglass. It is usually reckoned at two fluid ounces, or four tablespoonfuls.

WINELESS Wine"less, a.

Defn: destitute of wine; as, wineless life.

WINERY Win"er*y, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vinerie.]

Defn: A place where grapes are converted into wine.

WINESAP Wine"sap`, n. [Wine + sap for sop.]

Defn: A variety of winter apple of medium size, deep red color, and yellowish flesh of a rich, rather subacid flavor.

WING Wing, n. Etym: [OE. winge, wenge; probably of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. & Sw. vinge, Icel. vængr.]

1. One of the two anterior limbs of a bird, pterodactyl, or bat. They correspond to the arms of man, and are usually modified for flight, but in the case of a few species of birds, as the ostrich, auk, etc., the wings are used only as an assistance in running or swimming. As an eagle stirreth up her nest, fluttereth over her young, spreadeth abroad her wings, taketh them, beareth them on her wings. Deut. xxxii. 11.

Note: In the wing of a bird the long quill feathers are in series. The primaries are those attached to the ulnar side of the hand; the secondaries, or wing coverts, those of the forearm: the scapulars, those that lie over the humerus; and the bastard feathers, those of the short outer digit. See Illust. of Bird, and Plumage.

2. Any similar member or instrument used for the purpose of flying. Specifically: (Zoöl.) (a) One of the two pairs of upper thoracic appendages of most hexapod insects. They are broad, fanlike organs formed of a double membrane and strengthened by chitinous veins or nervures. (b) One of the large pectoral fins of the flying fishes.

3. Passage by flying; flight; as, to take wing. Light thickens; and the crow Makes wing to the rooky wood. Shak.

4. Motive or instrument of flight; means of flight or of rapid motion. Fiery expedition be my wing. Shak.

5. Anything which agitates the air as a wing does, or which is put in winglike motion by the action of the air, as a fan or vane for winnowing grain, the vane or sail of a windmill, etc.

6. An ornament worn on the shoulder; a small epaulet or shoulder knot.

7. Any appendage resembling the wing of a bird or insect in shape or appearance. Specifically: (a) (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the broad, thin, anterior lobes of the foot of a pteropod, used as an organ in swimming. (b) (Bot.) Any membranaceous expansion, as that along the sides of certain stems, or of a fruit of the kind called samara. (c) (Bot.) Either of the two side petals of a papilionaceous flower.

8. One of two corresponding appendages attached; a sidepiece. Hence: (a) (Arch.) A side building, less than the main edifice; as, one of the wings of a palace. (b) (Fort.) The longer side of crownworks, etc., connecting them with the main work. (c) (Hort.) A side shoot of a tree or plant; a branch growing up by the side of another. [Obs.] (d) (Mil.)

Defn: The right or left division of an army, regiment, etc. (e) (Naut.) That part of the hold or orlop of a vessel which is nearest the sides. In a fleet, one of the extremities when the ships are drawn up in line, or when forming the two sides of a triangle. Totten. (f) One of the sides of the stags in a theater. On the wing. (a) Supported by, or flying with, the wings another. -- On the wings of the wind, with the utmost velocity. -- Under the wing, or wings, of, under the care or protection of. -- Wing and wing (Naut.), with sails hauled out on either side; -- said of a schooner, or her sails, when going before the wind with the foresail on one side and the mainsail on the other; also said of a square-rigged vessel which has her studding sails set. Cf. Goosewinged. -- Wing case (Zoöl.), one of the anterior wings of beetles, and of some other insects, when thickened and used to protect the hind wings; an elytron; -- called also wing cover. -- Wing covert (Zoöl.), one of the small feathers covering the bases of the wing quills. See Covert, n., 2. -- Wing gudgeon (Mach.), an iron gudgeon for the end of a wooden axle, having thin, broad projections to prevent it from turning in the wood. See Illust. of Gudgeon. -- Wing shell (Zoöl.), wing case of an insect. -- Wing stroke, the stroke or sweep of a wing. -- Wing transom (Naut.), the uppermost transom of the stern; -- called also main transom. J. Knowles.

WING Wing, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Winged; p. pr. & vb. n. Winging.]

1. To furnish with wings; to enable to fly, or to move with celerity. Who heaves old ocean, and whowings the storms. Pope. Living, to wing with mirth the weary hours. Longfellow.

2. To supply with wings or sidepieces. The main battle, whose puissance on either side Shall be well winged with our chiefest horse. Shak.

3. To transport by flight; to cause to fly. I, an old turtle, Will wing me to some withered bough. Shak.

4. To move through in flight; to fly through. There's not an arrow wings the sky But fancy turns its point to him. Moore.

5. To cut off the wings of; to wound in the wing; to disable a wing of; as, to wing a bird. To wing a flight, to exert the power of flying; to fly.

WINGED Winged, a.

1. Furnished with wings; transported by flying; having winglike expansions.

2. Soaring with wings, or as if with wings; hence, elevated; lofty; sublime. [R.] How winged the sentiment that virtue is to be followed for its own sake. J. S. Harford.

3. Swift; rapid. "Bear this sealed brief with winged haste to the lord marshal." Shak.

4. Wounded or hurt in the wing.

5. (Bot.)

Defn: Furnished with a leaflike appendage, as the fruit of the elm and the ash, or the stem in certain plants; alate.

6. (Her.)

Defn: Represented with wings, or having wings, of a different tincture from the body.

7. Fanned with wings; swarming with birds. "The winged air darked with plumes." Milton.

WINGER Wing"er, n. (Naut.)

Defn: One of the casks stowed in the wings of a vessel's hold, being smaller than such as are stowed more amidships. Totten.

WINGFISH Wing"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sea robin having large, winglike pectoral fins. See Sea robin, under Robin.

WING-FOOTED Wing"-foot`ed, a.

1. Having wings attached to the feet; as, wing-footed Mercury; hence, swift; moving with rapidity; fleet. Drayton.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) Having part or all of the feet adapted for flying. (b) Having the anterior lobes of the foot so modified as to form a pair of winglike swimming organs; -- said of the pteropod mollusks.

WING-HANDED Wing"-hand`ed, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the anterior limbs or hands adapted for flight, as the bats and pterodactyls.

WING-LEAVED Wing"-leaved`, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having pinnate or pinnately divided leaves.

WINGLESS Wing"less, a.

Defn: Having no wings; not able to ascend or fly. Wingless bird (Zoöl.), the apteryx.

WINGLET Wing"let, n.

1. A little wing; a very small wing.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bastard wing, or alula.

WINGMANSHIP Wing"man*ship, n. Etym: [From Wing, in imitation of horsemanship.]

Defn: Power or skill in flying. [R.] Duke of Argyll.

WING-SHELL Wing"-shell`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of various species of marine bivalve shells belonging to the genus Avicula, in which the hinge border projects like a wing. (b) Any marine gastropod shell of the genus Strombus. See Strombus. (c) Any pteropod shell.

WINGY Wing"y, a.

1. Having wings; rapid. With wingy speed outstrip the eastern wind. Addison.

2. Soaring with wings, or as if with wings; volatile airy. [Obs. or R.] Those wingy mysteries in divinity. Sir T. Browne.

WINK Wink, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Winked; p. pr. & vb. n. Winking.] Etym: [OE. winken, AS. wincian; akin to D. wenken, G. winken to wink, nod, beckon, OHG. winchan, Sw. vinka, Dan. vinke, AS. wancol wavering, OHG. wanchal wavering, wanch to waver, G. wanken, and perhaps to E. weak; cf. AS. wincel a corner. Cf. Wench, Wince, v. i.]

1. To nod; to sleep; to nap. [Obs.] "Although I wake or wink." Chaucer.

2. To shut the eyes quickly; to close the eyelids with a quick motion. He must wink, so loud he would cry. Chaucer. And I will wink, so shall the day seem night. Shak. They are not blind, but they wink. Tillotson.

3. To close and open the eyelids quickly; to nictitate; to blink. A baby of some three months old, who winked, and turned aside its little face from the too vivid light of day. Hawthorne.

4. To give a hint by a motion of the eyelids, often those of one eye only. Wink at the footman to leave him without a plate. Swift.

5. To avoid taking notice, as if by shutting the eyes; to connive at anything; to be tolerant; -- generally with at. The times of this ignorance God winked at. Acts xvii. 30. And yet, as though he knew it not, His knowledge winks, and lets his humors reign. Herbert. Obstinacy can not be winked at, but must be subdued. Locke.

6. To be dim and flicker; as, the light winks. Winking monkey (Zoöl.), the white-nosed monkey (Cersopithecus nictitans).

WINK Wink, v. t.

Defn: To cause (the eyes) to wink.[Colloq.]

WINK Wink, n.

1. The act of closing, or closing and opening, the eyelids quickly; hence, the time necessary for such an act; a moment. I have not slept one wink. Shak. I could eclipse and cloud them with a wink. Donne.

2. A hint given by shutting the eye with a significant cast. Sir. P. Sidney. The stockjobber thus from Change Alley goes down, And tips you, the freeman, a wink. Swift.

WINKER Wink"er, n.

1. One who winks. Pope.

2. A horse's blinder; a blinker.

WINKINGLY Wink"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a winking manner; with the eye almost closed. Peacham.

WINKLE Win"kle, n. Etym: [AS. wincle.] (Zoöl.) (a) Any periwinkle. Holland. (b) Any one of various marine spiral gastropods, esp., in the United States, either of two species of Fulgar (F. canaliculata, and F. carica).

Note: These are large mollusks which often destroy large numbers of oysters by drilling their shells and sucking their blood. Sting winkle, a European spinose marine shell (Murex erinaceus). See Illust. of Murex.

WINKLE-HAWK Win"kle-hawk`, n. Etym: [D. winkel-haak a carpenter's square.]

Defn: A rectangular rent made in cloth; -- called also winkle-hole. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett.

WINNARD Win"nard, n.

Defn: The redwing. [Prov. Eng.]

WINNEBAGOES Win`ne*ba"goes, n.; sing. Winnebago (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of North American Indians who originally occupied the region about Green Bay, Lake Michigan, but were driven back from the lake and nearly exterminated in 1640 by the IIlinnois.

WINNER Win"ner, n.

Defn: One who wins, or gains by success in competition, contest, or gaming.

WINNING Win"ning, a.

Defn: Attracting; adapted to gain favor; charming; as, a winning address. "Each mild and winning note." Keble.

WINNING Win"ning, n.

1. The act of obtaining something, as in a contest or by competition.

2. The money, etc., gained by success in competition or contest, esp, in gambling; -- usually in the plural. Ye seek land and sea for your winnings. Chaucer.

3. (Mining) (a) A new opening. (b) The portion of a coal field out for working. Winning headway (Mining), an excavation for exploration, in post-and-stall working. -- Winning post, the post, or goal, at the end of a race.

WINNINGLY Win"ning*ly, adv.

Defn: In a winning manner.

WINNINGNESS Win"ning*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being winning. "Winningness in style." J. Morley.

WINNINISH Win"nin*ish, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The land-locked variety of the common salmon. [Canada]

WINNOW Win"now, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Winnowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Winnowing.] Etym: [OE. windewen, winewen, AS. windwian; akin to Goth. winpjan (in comp.), winpi-skauro a fan, L. ventilare to fan, to winnow; cf. L. wannus a fan for winnowing, G. wanne, OHG. wanna. . See Wind moving air, and cf. Fan., n., Ventilate.]

1. To separate, and drive off, the chaff from by means of wind; to fan; as, to winnow grain. Ho winnoweth barley to-night in the threshing floor. Ruth. iii. 2.

2. To sift, as for the purpose of separating falsehood from truth; to separate, as had from good. Winnow well this thought, and you shall find This light as chaff that flies before the wind. Dryden.

3. To beat with wings, or as with wings.[Poetic] Now on the polar winds; then with quick fan Winnows the buxom air. Milton.

WINNOW Win"now, v. i.

Defn: To separate chaff from grain. Winnow not with every wind. Ecclus. v. 9.

WINNOWER Win"now*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, winnows; specifically, a winnowing machine.

WINNOWING Win"now*ing, n.

Defn: The act of one who, or that which, winnows.

WINROW Win"row`, n.

Defn: A windrow.

WINSING Win"sing, a.

Defn: Winsome. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WINSOME Win"some, a. [Compar. Winsomer; superl. Winsomest.] Etym: [AS. wynsum, fr. wynn joy; akin to OS. wunnia, OHG. wunna, wunni, G. wonne, Goth. wunan to rejoice (in unwunands sad), AS. wunian to dwell. Win, v. t., Wont, a.]

1. Cheerful; merry; gay; light-hearted. Misled by ill example, and a winsome nature. Jeffrey.

2. Causing joy or pleasure; gladsome; pleasant. Still plotting how their hungry ear That winsome voice again might hear. Emerson.

WINSOMENESS Win"some*ness, n.

Defn: The characteristic of being winsome; attractiveness of manner. J. R. Green.

WINTER Win"ter, n. Etym: [AS. winter; akin to OFries. & D. winter, OS. & OHG. wintar, G. winter, D. & Sw. vinter, Icel. vetr, Goth. wintrus; of uncertain origin; cf. Old Gallic vindo- white (in comp.), OIr. find white.

1. The season of the year in which the sun shines most obliquely upon any region; the coldest season of the year. "Of thirty winter he was old." Chaucer. And after summer evermore succeeds Barren winter, with his wrathful nipping cold. Shak. Winter lingering chills the lap of May. Goldsmith.

Note: North of the equator, winter is popularly taken to include the months of December, January, and February (see Season). Astronomically, it may be considered to begin with the winter solstice, about December 21st, and to end with the vernal equinox, about March 21st.

2. The period of decay, old age, death, or the like. Life's autumn past, I stand on winter's verge. Wordsworth. Winter apple, an apple that keeps well in winter, or that does not ripen until winter. -- Winter barley, a kind of barley that is sown in autumn. -- Winter berry (Bot.), the name of several American shrubs (Ilex verticillata, I. lævigata, etc.) of the Holly family, having bright red berries conspicuous in winter. -- Winter bloom. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Azalea. (b) A plant of the genus Hamamelis (H. Viginica); witch-hazel; -- so called from its flowers appearing late in autumn, while the leaves are falling. -- Winter bud (Zoöl.), a statoblast. -- Winter cherry (Bot.), a plant (Physalis Alkekengi) of the Nightshade family, which has, a red berry inclosed in the inflated and persistent calyx. See Alkekengi. -- Winter cough (Med.), a form of chronic bronchitis marked by a cough recurring each winter. -- Winter cress (Bot.), a yellow-flowered cruciferous plant (Barbarea vulgaris). -- Winter crop, a crop which will bear the winter, or which may be converted into fodder during the winter. -- Winter duck. (Zoöl.) (a) The pintail. (b) The old squaw. -- Winter egg (Zoöl.), an egg produced in the autumn by many invertebrates, and destined to survive the winter. Such eggs usually differ from the summer eggs in having a thicker shell, and often in being enveloped in a protective case. They sometimes develop in a manner different from that of the summer eggs. -- Winter fallow, ground that is fallowed in winter. -- Winter fat. (Bot.) Same as White sage, under White. -- Winter fever (Med.), pneumonia. [Colloq.] -- Winter flounder. (Zoöl.) See the Note under Flounder. -- Winter gull (Zoöl.), the common European gull; -- called also winter mew. [Prov. Eng.] -- Winter itch. (Med.) See Prarie itch, under Prairie. -- Winter lodge, or Winter lodgment. (Bot.) Same as Hibernaculum. -- Winter mew. (Zoöl.) Same as Winter gull, above. [Prov. Eng.] -- Winter moth (Zoöl.), any one of several species of geometrid moths which come forth in winter, as the European species (Cheimatobia brumata). These moths have rudimentary mouth organs, and eat no food in the imago state. The female of some of the species is wingless. -- Winter oil, oil prepared so as not to solidify in moderately cold weather. -- Winter pear, a kind of pear that keeps well in winter, or that does not ripen until winter. -- Winter quarters, the quarters of troops during the winter; a winter residence or station. -- Winter rye, a kind of rye that is sown in autumn. -- Winter shad (Zoöl.), the gizzard shad. -- Winter sheldrake (Zoöl.), the goosander. [Local, U.S.] -- Winter sleep (Zoöl.), hibernation. -- Winter snipe (Zoöl.), the dunlin. -- Winter solstice. (Astron.) See Solstice, 2. -- Winter teal (Zoöl.), the green-winged teal. -- Winter wagtail (Zoöl.), the gray wagtail (Motacilla melanope). [Prov. Eng.] -- Winter wheat, wheat sown in autumn, which lives during the winter, and ripens in the following summer. -- Winter wren (Zoöl.), a small American wren (Troglodytes hiemalis) closely resembling the common wren.

WINTER Win"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wintered; p. pr. & vb. n. Wintering.]

Defn: To pass the winter; to hibernate; as, to winter in Florida. Because the haven was not commodious to winter in, the more part advised to depart thence. Acts xxvii. 12.

WINTER Win"ter, v. i.

Defn: To keep, feed or manage, during the winter; as, to winter young cattle on straw.

WINTER-BEATEN Win"ter-beat`en, a.

Defn: Beaten or harassed by the severe weather of winter. Spenser.

WINTERGREEN Win"ter*green`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant which keeps its leaves green through the winter.

Note: In England, the name wintergreen is applied to the species of Pyrola which in America are called English wintergreen, and shin leaf (see Shin leaf, under Shin.) In America, the name wintergreen is given to Gaultheria procumbens, a low evergreen aromatic plant with oval leaves clustered at the top of a short stem, and bearing small white flowers followed by red berries; -- called also checkerberry, and sometimes, though improperly, partridge berry. Chickweed wintergreen, a low perennial primulaceous herb (Trientalis Americana); -- also called star flower. -- Flowering wintergreen, a low plant (Polygala paucifolia) with leaves somewhat like those of the wintergreen (Gaultheria), and bearing a few showy, rose-purple blossoms. -- Spotted wintergreen, a low evergreen plant (Chimaphila maculata) with ovate, white-spotted leaves.

WINTER-GROUND Win"ter-ground`, v. t.

Defn: To coved over in the season of winter, as for protection or shelter; as, to winter-ground the roods of a plant. The ruddock would . . . bring thee all this, Yea, and furred moss besides, when flowers are none To winter-ground thy corse. Shak.

WINTERKILL Win"ter*kill`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Winterkilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Winterkilling.]

Defn: To kill by the cold, or exposure to the inclemency of winter; as, the wheat was winterkilled. [U. S.]

WINTERLY Win"ter*ly, a.

Defn: Like winter; wintry; cold; hence, disagreeable, cheerless; as, winterly news. [R.] Shak. The sir growing more winterly in the month of April. Camden.

WINTER-PROUD Win"ter-proud`, a.

Defn: Having too rank or forward a growth for winter. When either corn is winter-proud, or other plants put forth and bud too early. Holland.

WINTER-RIG Win"ter-rig`, v. t. Etym: [See Winter and Ridge.]

Defn: To fallow or till in winter. [Prov. Eng.]

WINTER'S BARK Win"ter's bark`. (Bot.)

Defn: The aromatic bark of tree (Drimys, or Drymis, Winteri) of the Magnolia family, which is found in Southern Chili. It was first used as a cure for scurvy by its discoverer, Captain John Winter, vice admiral to sir Francis Drake, in 1577.

WINTERTIDE Win"ter*tide`, n.

Defn: Winter time. Tennyson.

WINTERWEED Win"ter*weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of speedwell (Veronica hederifolia) which spreads chiefly in winter. Dr. Prior.

WINTERY Win"ter*y, a.

Defn: Wintry.

WINTRY Win"try, a. Etym: [AS. wintrig.]

Defn: Suitable to winter; resembling winter, or what belongs to winter; brumal; hyemal; cold; stormy; wintery. Touch our chilled hearts with vernal smile, Our wintry course do thou beguile. Keble.

WINY Win"y, a.

Defn: Having the taste or qualities of wine; vinous; as, grapes of a winy taste. Dampier.

WINZE Winze, n. (Mining.)

Defn: A small shaft sunk from one level to another, as for the purpose of ventilation.

WIPE Wipe, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. vipa, Dan. vibe, the lapwing.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lapwing. [Prov. Eng.]

WIPE Wipe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wiped; p. pr. & vb. n. Wiping.] Etym: [OE. vipen, AS. wipian; cf. LG. wiep a wisp of straw, Sw. vepa to wrap up, to cuddle one's self up, vepa a blanket; perhaps akin to E. whip.]

1. To rub with something soft for cleaning; to clean or dry by rubbing; as, to wipe the hands or face with a towel. Let me wipe thy face. Shak. I will wipe Jerusalem as a man wipeth a dish, wiping it, and turning it upside down. 2 Kings xxi. 13.

2. To remove by rubbing; to rub off; to obliterate; -- usually followed by away, off or out. Also used figuratively. "To wipe out our ingratitude." Shak. Some natural tears they dropped, but wiped them soon. Milton.

3. To cheat; to defraud; to trick; -- usually followed by out. [Obs.] Spenser. If they by coveyne [covin] or gile be wiped beside their goods. Robynson (More's Utopia) To wipe a joint (Plumbing), to make a joint, as between pieces of lead pipe, by surrounding the junction with a mass of solder, applied in a plastic condition by means of a rag with which the solder is shaped by rubbing. -- To wipe the nose of, to cheat. [Old Slang]

WIPE Wipe, n.

1. Act of rubbing, esp. in order to clean.

2. A blow; a stroke; a hit; a swipe. [Low]

3. A gibe; a jeer; a severe sarcasm. Swift.

4. A handkerchief. [Thieves' Cant or Slang]

5. Stain; brand. [Obs.] "Slavish wipe." Shak.

WIPER Wip"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, wipes.

2. Something used for wiping, as a towel or rag.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: A piece generally projecting from a rotating or swinging piece, as an axle or rock shaft, for the purpose of raising stampers, lifting rods, or the like, and leaving them to fall by their own weight; a kind of cam.

4. (Firearms)

Defn: A rod, or an attachment for a rod, for holding a rag with which to wipe out the bore of the barrel.

WIRBLE Wir"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wirbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Wirbling.] Etym: [Cf. Warble, Whirl.]

Defn: To whirl; to eddy. [R.] The waters went wirbling above and around. Owen. Meredith.

WIRCHE Wirche, v. i. & t.

Defn: To work [Obs.] Chaucer.

WIRE Wire, n. Etym: [OE. wir, AS. wir; akin to Icel. virr, Dan. vire, LG. wir, wire; cf. OHG. wiara fine gold; perhaps akin to E. withy. .]

1. A thread or slender rod of metal; a metallic substance formed to an even thread by being passed between grooved rollers, or drawn through holes in a plate of steel.

Note: Wire is made of any desired form, as round, square, triangular, etc., by giving this shape to the hole in the drawplate, or between the rollers.

2. A telegraph wire or cable; hence, an electric telegraph; as, to send a message by wire. [Colloq.] Wire bed, Wire mattress, an elastic bed bottom or mattress made of wires interwoven or looped together in various ways. -- Wire bridge, a bridge suspended from wires, or cables made of wire. -- Wire cartridge, a shot cartridge having the shot inclosed in a wire cage. -- Wire cloth, a coarse cloth made of woven metallic wire, -- used for strainers, and for various other purposes. -- Wire edge, the thin, wirelike thread of metal sometimes formed on the edge of a tool by the stone in sharpening it. -- Wire fence, a fence consisting of posts with strained horizontal wires, wire netting, or other wirework, between. -- Wire gauge or gage. (a) A gauge for measuring the diameter of wire, thickness of sheet metal, etc., often consisting of a metal plate with a series of notches of various widths in its edge. (b) A standard series of sizes arbitrarily indicated, as by numbers, to which the diameter of wire or the thickness of sheet metal in usually made, and which is used in describing the size or thickness. There are many different standards for wire gauges, as in different countries, or for different kinds of metal, the Birmingham wire gauges and the American wire gauge being often used and designated by the abbreviations B. W.G. and A. W.G. respectively. -- Wire gauze, a texture of finely interwoven wire, resembling gauze. -- Wire grass (Bot.), either of the two common grasses Eleusine Indica, valuable for hay and pasture, and Poa compressa, or blue grass. See Blue grass. -- Wire grub (Zoöl.), a wireworm. -- Wire iron, wire rods of iron. -- Wire lathing, wire cloth or wire netting applied in the place of wooden lathing for holding plastering. -- Wire mattress. See Wire bed, above. -- Wire micrometer, a micrometer having spider lines, or fine wires, across the field of the instrument. -- Wire nail, a nail formed of a piece of wire which is headed and pointed. -- Wire netting, a texture of woven wire coarser than ordinary wire gauze. -- Wire rod, a metal rod from which wire is formed by drawing. -- Wire rope, a rope formed wholly, or in great part, of wires.

WIRE Wire, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wired; p. pr. & vb. n. Wiring.]

1. To bind with wire; to attach with wires; to apply wire to; as, to wire corks in bottling liquors.

2. To put upon a wire; as, to wire beads.

3. To snare by means of a wire or wires.

4. To send (a message) by telegraph. [Colloq.]

WIRE Wire, v. i.

1. To pass like a wire; to flow in a wirelike form, or in a tenuous stream. [R.] P. Fletcher.

2. To send a telegraphic message. [Colloq.]

WIREDRAW Wire"draw`, v. t. [imp. Wiredrew; p. p. Wiredrawn; p. pr. & vb. n. Wiredrawing.]

1. To form (a piece of metal) into wire, by drawing it through a hole in a plate of steel.

2. Hence, to draw by art or violence. My sense has been wiredrawn into blasphemy. Dryden.

3. Hence, also, to draw or spin out to great length and tenuity; as, to wiredraw an argument. Such twisting, such wiredrawing, was never seen in a court of justice. Macaulay.

4. (Steam Engine)

Defn: To pass, or to draw off, (as steam) through narrow ports, or the like, thus reducing its pressure or force by friction.

WIRE-DRAWER Wire"-draw`er, n.

Defn: One who draws metal into wire.

WIRE GUN Wire gun.

Defn: = Wire-wound gun.

WIRE-HEEL Wire"-heel`, n. (Far.)

Defn: A disease in the feet of a horse or other beast.

WIRELESS Wire"less, a.

Defn: Having no wire; specif. (Elec.),

Defn: designating, or pertaining to, a method of telegraphy, telephony, etc., in which the messages, etc., are transmitted through space by electric waves; as, a wireless message. -- Wireless telegraphy or telegraph (Elec.), any system of telegraphy employing no connecting wire or wires between the transmitting and receiving stations. Although more or less successful researchers were made on the subject by Joseph Henry, Hertz, Oliver Lodge, and others, the first commercially successful system was that of Guglielmo Marconi, patented in March, 1897. Marconi employed electric waves of high frequency set up by an induction coil in an oscillator, these waves being launched into space through a lofty antenna. The receiving apparatus consisted of another antenna in circuit with a coherer and small battery for operating through a relay the ordinary telegraphic receiver. This apparatus contains the essential features of all the systems now in use. -- Wireless telephone, an apparatus or contrivance for wireless telephony. --Wireless telephony, telephony without wires, usually employing electric waves of high frequency emitted from an oscillator or generator, as in wireless telegraphy. A telephone transmitter causes fluctuations in these waves, it being the fluctuations only which affect the receiver.

WIRELESS Wire"less, n.

Defn: Short for Wireless telegraphy, Wireless telephony, etc.; as, to send a message by wireless.

WIRE-PULLER Wire"-pull`er, n.

Defn: One who pulls the wires, as of a puppet; hence, one who operates by secret means; an intriguer. Political wire-pullers and convention packers. Lowell.

WIRE-PULLING Wire"-pull`ing, n.

Defn: The act of pulling the wires, as of a puppet; hence, secret influence or management, especially in politics; intrigue.

WIRE-TAILED Wire"-tailed`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having some or all of the tail quills terminated in a long, slender, pointed shaft, without a web or barbules.

WIRE TAPPER Wire tapper.

Defn: One that taps, or cuts in on, telegraph wires and intercepts messages; hence (Slang),

Defn: a swindler who pretends to tap wires or otherwise intercept advance telegraphic news for betting. -- Wire tapping.

WIREWORK Wire"work`, n.

Defn: Work, especially openwork, formed of wires.

WIRE-WORKER Wire"-work`er, n.

Defn: One who manufactures articles from wire.

WIREWORM Wire"worm`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) One of the larvæ of various species of snapping beetles, or elaters; -- so called from their slenderness and the uncommon hardness of the integument. Wireworms are sometimes very destructive to the roots of plants. Called also wire grub. (b) A galleyworm.

WIRE-WOUND GUN Wire"-wound` gun. (Ordnance)

Defn: A gun in the construction of which an inner tube (either entire or in segments) is wound with wire under tension to insure greater soundness and uniformity of resistance. In modern construction hoops and jackets are shrunk on over the wire.

WIRINESS Wir"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being wiry.

WIRING Wir"ing, n.

1. The act of one that wires anything.

2. The wires or conductors employed in a system of electric distribution.

WIRY Wir"y, a. Etym: [Written also wiery.]

1. Made of wire; like wire; drawn out like wire.

2. Capable of endurance; tough; sinewy; as, a wiry frame or constitution. "A little wiry sergeant of meek demeanor and strong sense." Dickens. He bore his age well, and seemed to retain a wiry vigor and alertness. Hawthorne.

WIS Wis, adv. Etym: [Aphetic form of iwis, ywis; or fr. Icel. viss certain. See Ywis.]

Defn: Certainly; really; indeed. [Obs.] "As wis God helpe me." Chaucer.

WIS Wis, v. t. Etym: [Due to mistaking OE. iwis certain, AS. gewiss, for I wis. See Ywis.]

Defn: To think; to suppose; to imagine; -- used chiefly in the first person sing. present tense, I wis. See the Note under Ywis. [Obs. or Poetic] "Howe'er you wis." R. Browning. Nor do I know how long it is (For I have lain entranced, I wis). Coleridge.

WISARD Wis"ard, n.

Defn: See Wizard.

WISDOM Wis"dom (-dûm), n. Etym: [AS. wisdom. See Wise, a., and -dom.]

1. The quality of being wise; knowledge, and the capacity to make due use of it; knowledge of the best ends and the best means; discernment and judgment; discretion; sagacity; skill; dexterity. We speak also not in wise words of man's wisdom, but in the doctrine of the spirit. Wyclif (1 Cor. ii. 13). Behold, the fear of the Lord, that is wisdom; and to depart from evil is understanding. Job xxviii. 28. It is hoped that our rulers will act with dignity and wisdom that they will yield everything to reason, and refuse everything to force. Ames. Common sense in an uncommon degree is what the world calls wisdom. Coleridge.

2. The results of wise judgments; scientific or practical truth; acquired knowledge; erudition. Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, and was mighty in words and in deeds. Acts vii. 22.

Syn. -- Prudence; knowledge. Wisdom, Prudence, Knowledge. Wisdom has been defined to be "the use of the best means for attaining the best ends." "We conceive," says Whewell, " prudence as the virtue by which we select right means for given ends, while wisdom implies the selection of right ends as well as of right means." Hence, wisdom implies the union of high mental and moral excellence. Prudence (that is, providence, or forecast) is of a more negative character; it rather consists in avoiding danger than in taking decisive measures for the accomplishment of an object. Sir Robert Walpole was in many respects a prudent statesman, but he was far from being a wise one. Burke has said that prudence, when carried too far, degenerates into a "reptile virtue," which is the more dangerous for its plausible appearance. Knowledge, a more comprehensive term, signifies the simple apprehension of facts or relations. "In strictness of language," says Paley, " there is a difference between knowledge and wisdom; wisdom always supposing action, and action directed by it." Knowledge and wisdom, far from being one, Have ofttimes no connection. Knowledge dwells In heads replete with thoughts of other men; Wisdom, in minds attentive to their own. Knowledge, a rude, unprofitable mass, The mere materials with which wisdom builds, Till smoothed, and squared, and fitted to its place, Does but encumber whom it seems to enrich. Knowledge is proud that he has learned so much; Wisdom is humble that he knows no more. Cowper. Wisdom tooth, the last, or back, tooth of the full set on each half of each jaw in man; -- familiarly so called, because appearing comparatively late, after the person may be supposed to have arrived at the age of wisdom. See the Note under Tooth, 1.

WISDOM LITERATURE Wis"dom lit"er*a*ture.

Defn: The class of ancient Hebrew writings which deal reflectively with general ethical and religious topics, as distinguished from the prophetic and liturgical literature, and from the law. It is comprised chiefly in the books of Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiasticus, Ecclesiastes, and Wisdom of Solomon. The "wisdom" (Hokhmah) of these writings consists in detached sage utterances on concrete issues of life, without the effort at philosophical system that appeared in the later Hellenistic reflective writing beginning with Philo Judæus.

WISE Wise, a. [Compar. Wiser; superl. Wisest.] Etym: [OE. wis, AS. wis; akin to OS. & OFries. wis, D. wijs, G. weise, OHG. wis, wisi, Icel. viss, Sw. vis, Dan. viis, Goth. weis; akin to wit, v. i. See Wit, v., and cf. Righteous, Wisdom.]

1. Having knowledge; knowing; enlightened; of extensive information; erudite; learned. They are wise to do evil, but to do good they have no knowledge. Jer. iv. 22.

2. Hence, especially, making due use of knowledge; discerning and judging soundly concerning what is true or false, proper or improper; choosing the best ends and the best means for accomplishing them; sagacious. When clouds appear, wise men put their cloaks. Shak. From a child thou hast known the holy scriptures, which are able to make thee wise unto salvation. 2 Tim. iii. 15.

3. Versed in art or science; skillful; dexterous; specifically, skilled in divination. Fal. There was, mine host, an old fat woman even now with me; but she's gone. Sim. Pray you, sir, was't not the wise woman of Brentford Shak.

4. Hence, prudent; calculating; shrewd; wary; subtle; crafty. [R.] "Thou art . . . no novice, but a governor wily and wise." Chaucer. Nor, on the other side, Will I be penuriously wise As to make money, that's my slave, my idol. Beau. & Fl. Lords do not care for me: I am too wise to die yet. Ford.

5. Dictated or guided by wisdom; containing or exhibiting wisdom; well adapted to produce good effects; judicious; discreet; as, a wise saying; a wise scheme or plan; wise conduct or management; a wise determination. "Eminent in wise deport." Milton. To make it wise, to make it a matter of deliberation. [Obs.] " We thought it was not worth to make it wise." Chaucer. -- Wise in years, old enough to be wise; wise from age and experience; hence, aged; old. [Obs.] A very grave, state bachelor, my dainty one; He's wise in years, and of a temperate warmth. Ford. You are too wise in years, too full of counsel, For my green experience. Ford.

WISE Wise, a. Etym: [OE. wise, AS. wise; akin to OS. wisa, OFries. wis, D. wijs, wijze, OHG. wisa, G. weise, Sw. vis, Dan. viis, Icel. övis otherwise; from the root of E. wit; hence, originally, knowledge, skill. See Wit, v., and cf. Guise.]

Defn: Way of being or acting; manner; mode; fashion. "All armed in complete wise." Spenser. To love her in my beste wyse. Chaucer. This song she sings in most commanding wise. Sir P. Sidney. Let not these blessings then, sent from above, Abused be, or spilt in profane wise. Fairfax.

Note: This word is nearly obsolete, except in such phrases as in any wise, in no wise, on this wise, etc. " Fret not thyself in any wise to do evil." Ps. xxxvii. 8. "He shall in no wise lose his reward." Matt. x. 42. " On this wise ye shall bless the children of Israel." Num. vi. 23.

Note: Wise is often used as a suffix in composition, as in likewise, nowise, lengthwise, etc., in which words -ways is often substituted with the same sense; as, noways, lengthways, etc.

WISEACRE Wise"a*cre, n. Etym: [OD. wijssegger or G. weissager a foreteller, prophet, from weissagen to foretell, to prophesy, OHG. wissag, corrupted (as if compounded of the words for wise and say) fr. wizzag, fr. wizzag a prophet, akin to AS. witiga, witga, from the root of E. wit. See Wit, v.]

1. A learned or wise man. [Obs.] Pythagoras learned much . . . becoming a mighty wiseacre. Leland.

2. One who makes undue pretensions to wisdom; a would-be-wise person; hence, in contempt, a simpleton; a dunce.

WISE-HEARTED Wise"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Wise; knowing; skillful; sapient; erudite; prudent. Ex. xxviii. 3.

WISE-LIKE Wise"-like`, a.

Defn: Resembling that which is wise or sensible; judicious. The only wise-like thing I heard anybody say. Sir W. Scott.

WISELING Wise"ling, n.

Defn: One who pretends to be wise; a wiseacre; a witling. Donne.

WISELY Wise"ly, adv.

Defn: In a wise manner; prudently; judiciously; discreetly; with wisdom. And wisely learn to curb thy sorrows wild. Milton.

WISENESS Wise"ness, n.

Defn: Wisdom. [Obs.] Spenser.

WISH Wish, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wished; p. pr. & vb. n. Wishing.] Etym: [OE. wischen, weschen, wuschen, AS. w; akin to D. wenschen, G. wünschen, Icel. æeskja, Dan. önske, Sw. önska; from AS. w a wish; akin to OD. & G. wunsch, OHG. wunsc, Icel. , Skr. va a wish, va to wish; also to Skr. van to like, to wish. Winsome, Win, v. t., and cf. Wistful.]

1. To have a desire or yearning; to long; to hanker. They cast four anchors out of the stern, and wished for the day. Acts xxvii. 29. This is as good an argument as an antiquary could wish for. Arbuthnot.

WISH Wish, v. t.

1. To desire; to long for; to hanker after; to have a mind or disposition toward. I would not wish Any companion in the world but you. Shak. I wish above all things that thou mayest prosper. 3. John 2.

2. To frame or express desires concerning; to invoke in favor of, or against, any one; to attribute, or cal down, in desire; to invoke; to imprecate. I would not wish them to a fairer death. Shak. I wish it may not prove some ominous foretoken of misfortune to have met with such a miser as I am. Sir P. Sidney. Let them be driven backward, and put to shame, that wish me evil. Ps. xl. 14.

3. To recommend; to seek confidence or favor in behalf of. [Obs.] Shak. I would be glad to thrive, sir, And I was wished to your worship by a gentleman. B. Jonson.

Syn. -- See Desire.

WISH Wish, n.

1. Desire; eager desire; longing. Behold, I am according to thy wish in God a stead. Job xxxiii. 6.

2. Expression of desire; request; petition; hence, invocation or imprecation. Blistered be thy tongue for such a wish. Shak.

3. A thing desired; an object of desire. Will he, wise, let loose at once his ire . . . To give his enemies their wish! Milton.

WISHABLE Wish"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable or worthy of being wished for; desirable. Udall.

WISHBONE Wish"bone`, n.

Defn: The forked bone in front of the breastbone in birds; -- called also merrythought, and wishing bone. See Merrythought, and Furculum.

WISHEDLY Wish"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: According to wish; conformably to desire. [Obs.] Chapman.

WISHER Wish"er, n.

Defn: One who wishes or desires; one who expresses a wish. Shak.

WISHFUL Wish"ful, a. Etym: [Cf. Wistful.]

1. Having desire, or ardent desire; longing.

2. Showing desire; as, wishful eyes. From Scotland am I stolen, even of pure love To greet mine own land with my wishful sight. Shak.

3. Desirable; exciting wishes. [R.] Chapman. -- Wish"ful*ly, adv. -- Wish"ful*ness, n.

WISHING Wish"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Wish, v. t. Wishing bone. See Wishbone. -- Wishing cap, a cap fabled to give one whatever he wishes for when wearing it.

WISHLY Wish"ly, adv.

Defn: According to desire; longingly; with wishes. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chapman.

WISHTONWISH Wish"ton*wish, n. Etym: [Probably of American Indian origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The prairie dog.

WISH-WASH Wish"-wash`, n.

Defn: Any weak, thin drink.

WISHY-WASHY Wish"y-wash`y, a. Etym: [See Wash.]

Defn: Thin and pale; weak; without strength or substance; -- originally said of liquids. Fig., weak-minded; spiritless. A weak wishy-washy man who had hardly any mind of his own. A. Trollope.

WISHY-WASHY Wish"y-wash`y, n.

Defn: A weak or thin drink or liquor; wish-wash.

WISKET Wis"ket, n.

Defn: A whisket, or basket. [Prov. Eng.] Ainsworth.

WISLY Wis"ly, adv. Etym: [See Wis, adv.]

Defn: Certainly. [Obs.] "God so wisly have mercy on me." Chaucer.

WISP Wisp, n. Etym: [OE. wisp, wips; probably akin to D. & G. wisch, Icel. visk, and perhaps to L. virga a twig, rod. Cf. Verge a rod, Whisk, n.]

1. A small bundle, as of straw or other like substance. In a small basket, on a wisp of hay. Dryden.

2. A whisk, or small broom.

3. A Will-o'-the-wisp; an ignis fatuus. The wisp that flickers where no foot can tread. Tennyson.

WISP Wisp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wisped; p. pr. & vb. n. Wisping.]

1. To brush or dress, an with a wisp.

2. To rumple. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

WISPEN Wisp"en, a.

Defn: Formed of a wisp, or of wisp; as, a wispen broom. [Obs.]

WISSE Wis"se, v. t. Etym: [AS. wisian. See Wise, a.]

Defn: To show; to teach; to inform; to guide; to direct. [Obs.] Ere we depart I shall thee so well wisse That of mine house ne shalt thou never misse. Chaucer.

WIST Wist, archaic imp. & p. p. of Wit, v.

Defn: Knew.

WISTARIA Wis*ta"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL.] Etym: [So named after Caspar Wistar, an American anatomist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of climbing leguminous plants bearing long, pendulous clusters of pale bluish flowers.

Note: The species commonest in cultivation is the Wistaria Sinensis from Eastern Asia. W. fruticosa grows wild in the southern parts of the United States.

WISTFUL Wist"ful, a. Etym: [For wishful; perhaps influenced by wistly, which is probably corrupted from OE. wisly certainly (from Icel. viss certain, akin to E. wit). See Wish.]

1. Longing; wishful; desirous. Lifting up one of my sashes, I cast many a wistful, melancholy look towards the sea. Swift.

2. Full of thought; eagerly attentive; meditative; musing; pensive; contemplative. That he who there at such an hour hath been, Will wistful linger on that hallowed spot. Byron. -- Wist"ful*ly, adv. -- Wist"ful*ness, n.

WISTIT Wis"tit, n. Etym: [Prob. from native name: cf. F. ouistiti.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small South American monkey; a marmoset. [Written also wistiti, and ouistiti.]

WISTLY Wist"ly, adv. Etym: [See Wistful.]

Defn: Attentively; observingly. [Obs.] Shak.

WISTONWISH Wis"ton*wish, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Wishtonwish.

WIT Wit, v. t. & i. [inf. (To) Wit; pres. sing. Wot; pl. Wite; imp. Wist(e); p. p. Wist; p. pr. & vb. n. Wit(t)ing. See the Note below.] Etym: [OE. witen, pres. ich wot, wat, I know (wot), imp. wiste, AS. witan, pres. wat, imp. wiste, wisse; akin to OFries. wita, OS. witan, D. weten, G. wissen, OHG. wizzan, Icel. vita, Sw. veta, Dan. vide, Goth. witan to observe, wait I know, Russ. vidiete to see, L. videre, Gr. vid to know, learn; cf. Skr. vid to find. History, Idea, Idol, - oid, Twit, Veda, Vision, Wise, a. & n., Wot.]

Defn: To know; to learn. "I wot and wist alway." Chaucer.

Note: The present tense was inflected as follows; sing. 1st pers. wot; 2d pers. wost, or wot(t)est; 3d pers. wot, or wot(t)eth; pl. witen, or wite. The following variant forms also occur; pres. sing. 1st & 3d pers. wat, woot; pres. pl. wyten, or wyte, weete, wote, wot; imp. wuste (Southern dialect); p. pr. wotting. Later, other variant or corrupt forms are found, as, in Shakespeare, 3d pers. sing. pres. wots. Brethren, we do you to wit [make you to know] of the grace of God bestowed on the churches of Macedonia. 2 Cor. viii. 1. Thou wost full little what thou meanest. Chaucer. We witen not what thing we prayen here. Chaucer. When that the sooth in wist. Chaucer.

Note: This verb is now used only in the infinitive, to wit, which is employed, especially in legal language, to call attention to a particular thing, or to a more particular specification of what has preceded, and is equivalent to namely, that is to say.

WIT Wit, n. Etym: [AS. witt, wit; akin to OFries. wit, G. witz, OHG. wizzi, Icel. vit, Dan. vid, Sw. vett. sq. root133. See Wit, v.]

1. Mind; intellect; understanding; sense. Who knew the wit of the Lord or who was his counselor Wyclif (Rom. xi. 34). A prince most prudent, of an excellent And unmatched wit and judgment. Shak. Will puts in practice what wit deviseth. Sir J. Davies. He wants not wit the dander to decline. Dryden.

2. A mental faculty, or power of the mind; -- used in this sense chiefly in the plural, and in certain phrases; as, to lose one's wits; at one's wits' end, and the like. "Men's wittes ben so dull." Chaucer. I will stare him out of his wits. Shak.

3. Felicitous association of objects not usually connected, so as to produce a pleasant surprise; also. the power of readily combining objects in such a manner. The definition of wit is only this, that it is a propriety of thoughts and words; or, in other terms, thoughts and words elegantly adapted to the subject. Dryden. Wit which discovers partial likeness hidden in general diversity. Coleridge. Wit lying most in the assemblage of ideas, and putting those together with quickness and variety wherein can be found any resemblance or congruity, thereby to make up pleasant pictures in the fancy. Locke.

4. A person of eminent sense or knowledge; a man of genius, fancy, or humor; one distinguished for bright or amusing sayings, for repartee, and the like. In Athens, where books and wits were ever busier than in any other part of Greece, I find but only two sorts of writings which the magistrate cared to take notice of; those either blasphemous and atheistical, or libelous. Milton. Intemperate wits will spare neither friend nor foe. L'Estrange. A wit herself, Amelia weds a wit. Young. The five wits, the five senses; also, sometimes, the five qualities or faculties, common wit, imagination, fantasy, estimation, and memory. Chaucer. Nares. But my five wits nor my five senses can Dissuade one foolish heart from serving thee. Shak.

Syn. -- Ingenuity; humor; satire; sarcasm; irony; burlesque. -- Wit, Humor. Wit primarily meant mind; and now denotes the power of seizing on some thought or occurrence, and, by a sudden turn, presenting it under aspects wholly new and unexpected -- apparently natural and admissible, if not perfectly just, and bearing on the subject, or the parties concerned, with a laughable keenness and force. "What I want," said a pompous orator, aiming at his antagonist, "is common sense." "Exactly!" was the whispered reply. The pleasure we find in wit arises from the ingenuity of the turn, the sudden surprise it brings, and the patness of its application to the case, in the new and ludicrous relations thus flashed upon the view. Humor is a quality more congenial to the English mind than wit. It consists primarily in taking up the peculiarities of a humorist (or eccentric person) and drawing them out, as Addison did those of Sir Roger de Coverley, so that we enjoy a hearty, good-natured laugh at his unconscious manifestation of whims and oddities. From this original sense the term has been widened to embrace other sources of kindly mirth of the same general character. In a well-known caricature of English reserve, an Oxford student is represented as standing on the brink of a river, greatly agitated at the sight of a drowning man before him, and crying out, "O that I had been introduced to this gentleman, that I might save his life! The, "Silent Woman" of Ben Jonson is one of the most humorous productions, in the original sense of the term, which we have in our language.

WITAN Wit"an, n. pl. [AS., pl. of wita sage, councilor.]

Defn: Lit., wise men; specif. (A.-S. Hist.),

Defn: the members of the national, or king's, council which sat to assist the king in administrative and judicial matters; also, the council.

WITCH Witch, n. Etym: [Cf. Wick of a lamp.]

Defn: A cone of paper which is placed in a vessel of lard or other fat, and used as a taper. [Prov. Eng.]

WITCH Witch, n. Etym: [OE. wicche, AS. wicce, fem., wicca, masc.; perhaps the same word as AS. witiga, witga, a soothsayer (cf. Wiseacre); cf. Fries. wikke, a witch, LG. wikken to predict, Icel. vitki a wizard, vitka to bewitch.]

1. One who practices the black art, or magic; one regarded as possessing supernatural or magical power by compact with an evil spirit, esp. with the Devil; a sorcerer or sorceress; -- now applied chiefly or only to women, but formerly used of men as well. There was a man in that city whose name was Simon, a witch. Wyclif (Acts viii. 9). He can not abide the old woman of Brentford; he swears she's a witch. Shak.

2. An ugly old woman; a hag. Shak.

3. One who exercises more than common power of attraction; a charming or bewitching person; also, one given to mischief; -- said especially of a woman or child. [Colloq.]

4. (Geom.)

Defn: A certain curve of the third order, described by Maria Agnesi under the name versiera.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The stormy petrel. Witch balls, a name applied to the interwoven rolling masses of the stems of herbs, which are driven by the winds over the steppes of Tartary. Cf. Tumbleweed. Maunder (Treas. of Bot.) -- Witches' besoms (Bot.), tufted and distorted branches of the silver fir, caused by the attack of some fungus. Maunder (Treas. of Bot.) -- Witches' butter (Bot.), a name of several gelatinous cryptogamous plants, as Nostoc commune, and Exidia glandulosa. See Nostoc. -- Witch grass (Bot.), a kind of grass (Panicum capillare) with minute spikelets on long, slender pedicels forming a light, open panicle. -- Witch meal (Bot.), vegetable sulphur. See under Vegetable.

WITCH Witch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Witched; p. pr. & vb. n. Witching.] Etym: [AS. wiccian.]

Defn: To bewitch; to fascinate; to enchant. [I 'll] witch sweet ladies with my words and looks. Shak. Whether within us or without The spell of this illusion be That witches us to hear and see. Lowell.

WITCHCRAFT Witch"craft`, n. Etym: [AS. wiccecræft.]

1. The practices or art of witches; sorcery; enchantments; intercourse with evil spirits.

2. Power more than natural; irresistible influence. He hath a witchcraft Over the king in 's tongue. Shak.

WITCH-ELM Witch"-elm`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Wych-elm.

WITCHERY Witch"er*y, n; pl. Witcheries (.

1. Sorcery; enchantment; witchcraft. Great Comus, Deep skilled in all his mother's witcheries. Milton. A woman infamous . . . for witcheries. Sir W. Scott.

2. Fascination; irresistible influence; enchantment. He never felt The witchery of the soft blue sky. Wordsworth. The dear, dear witchery of song. Bryant.

WITCH-HAZEL Witch"-ha`zel, n. Etym: [See Wych-elm, and Hazel.] (Bot.)

Defn: The wych-elm. (b) An American shrub or small tree (Hamamelis Virginica), which blossoms late in autumn.

WITCHING Witch"ing, a.

Defn: That witches or enchants; suited to enchantment or witchcraft; bewitching. "The very witching time of night." Shak. -- Witch"ing*ly, adv.

WITCH-TREE Witch"-tree`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The witch-hazel.

WITCHUCK Wit"chuck`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sand martin, or bank swallow. [Prov. Eng.]

WIT-CRACKER Wit"-crack`er, n.

Defn: One who breaks jests; a joker. [Obs.] Shak.

WITCRAFT Wit"craft`, n.

1. Art or skill of the mind; contrivance; invention; wit. [Obs.] Camden.

2. The art of reasoning; logic. [R.]

WITE Wite, v. t. Etym: [AS. witan; akin to D. wijten, G. verweisen, Icel. vita to mulct, and E. wit; cf. AS. witan to see, L. animadvertere to observe, to punish. Wit, v.]

Defn: To reproach; to blame; to censure; also, to impute as blame. [Obs. or Scot.] Spenser. Though that I be jealous, wite me not. Chaucer. There if that I misspeak or say, Wite it the ale of Southwark, I you pray. Chaucer.

WITE Wite, n. Etym: [AS. wite punishment. Wite, v.]

Defn: Blame; reproach. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer.

WITELESS Wite"less, a.

Defn: Blameless. [Obs.] Spenser.

WITEN Wit"en, obs.

Defn: pl. pres. of Wit. Chaucer.

WITENAGEMOTE Wit"e*na*ge*mote`, n. Etym: [AS. witena gemot an assembly of the wise; wita a wise man + gemot assembly.] (AS. Hist.)

Defn: A meeting of wise men; the national council, or legislature, of England in the days of the Anglo-Saxons, before the Norman Conquest.

WITFISH Wit"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ladyfish (a).

WITFUL Wit"ful, a.

Defn: Wise; sensible. [R.] Chapman.

WITH With, n.

Defn: See Withe.

WITH With, prep. Etym: [OE. with, AS. wi with, against; akin to AS. wi against, OFries. with, OS. wi, wi, D. weder, weêr (in comp.), G. wider against, wieder gain, OHG. widar again, against, Icel. vi against, with, by, at, Sw. vid at, by, Dan. ved, Goth. wipra against, Skr. vi asunder. Cf. Withdraw, Withers, Withstand.]

Defn: With denotes or expresses some situation or relation of nearness, proximity, association, connection, or the like. It is used especially: --

1. To denote a close or direct relation of opposition or hostility; - - equivalent to against. Thy servant will . . . fight with this Philistine. 1 Sam. xvii. 32.

Note: In this sense, common in Old English, it is now obsolete except in a few compounds; as, withhold; withstand; and after the verbs fight, contend, struggle, and the like.

2. To denote association in respect of situation or environment; hence, among; in the company of. I will buy with you, talk with you, walk with you, and so following; but I will not eat with you, drink with you, nor pray with you. Shak. Pity your own, or pity our estate, Nor twist our fortunes with your sinking fate. Dryden. See where on earth the flowery glories lie; With her they flourished, and with her they die. Pope. There is no living with thee nor without thee. Tatler. Such arguments had invincible force with those pagan philosophers. Addison.

3. To denote a connection of friendship, support, alliance, assistance, countenance, etc.; hence, on the side of. Fear not, for I am with thee, and will bless thee. Gen. xxvi. 24.

4. To denote the accomplishment of cause, means, instrument, etc; -- sometimes equivalent to by. That with these fowls I be all to-rent. Chaucer. Thou wilt be like a lover presently, And tire the hearer with a book of words. Shak. [He] entertained a coffeehouse with the following narrative. Addison. With receiving your friends within and amusing them without, you lead a good, pleasant, bustling life of it. Goldsmith.

5. To denote association in thought, as for comparison or contrast. Can blazing carbuncles with her compare. Sandys.

6. To denote simultaneous happening, or immediate succession or consequence. With that she told me . . . that she would hide no truth from me. Sir P. Sidney. With her they flourished, and with her they die. Pope. With this he pointed to his face. Dryden.

7. To denote having as a possession or an appendage; as, the firmament with its stars; a bride with a large fortune. "A maid with clean hands." Shak.

Note: With and by are closely allied in many of their uses, and it is not easy to lay down a rule by which to distinguish their uses. See the Note under By.

WITHAL With*al", adv. Etym: [With + all.]

1. With this; with that. [Obs.] He will scarce be pleased withal. Shak.

2. Together with this; likewise; at the same time; in addition; also. [Archaic] Fy on possession But if a man be virtuous withal. Chaucer. If you choose that, then I am yours withal. Shak. How modest in exception, and withal How terrible in constant resolution. Shak.

WITHAL With*al", prep.

Defn: With; -- put after its object, at the end of sentence or clause in which it stands. [Obs.] This diamond he greets your wife withal. Shak. Whatsoever uncleanness it be that a man shall be defiled withal. Lev. v. 3.

WITHAMITE With"am*ite, n. Etym: [From its discoverer, H. Witham.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of epidote, of a reddish color, found in Scotland.

WITHDRAW With*draw", v. t. [imp. Withdrew; p. p. Withdrawn; p. pr. & vb. n. Withdrawing.] Etym: [With against + draw.]

1. To take back or away, as what has been bestowed or enjoyed; to draw back; to cause to move away or retire; as, to withdraw aid, favor, capital, or the like. Impossible it is that God should withdraw his presence from anything. Hooker.

2. To take back; to recall or retract; as, to withdraw false charges.

WITHDRAW With*draw", v. i.

Defn: To retire; to retreat; to quit a company or place; to go away; as, he withdrew from the company. "When the sea withdrew." King Horn.

Syn. -- To recede; retrograde; go back.

WITHDRAWAL With*draw"al, n.

Defn: The act of withdrawing; withdrawment; retreat; retraction. Fielding.

WITHDRAWER With*draw"er, n.

Defn: One who withdraws; one who takes back, or retracts.

WITHDRAWING-ROOM With*draw"ing-room`, n. Etym: [See Withdraw, and cf. Drawing-room.]

Defn: A room for retirement from another room, as from a dining room; a drawing-room. A door in the middle leading to a parlor and withdrawing-room. Sir W. Scott.

WITHDRAWMENT With*draw"ment, n.

Defn: The act of withdrawing; withdrawal. W. Belsham.

WITHE Withe, n. Etym: [OE. withe. Withy, n.] [Written also with.]

1. A flexible, slender twig or branch used as a band; a willow or osier twig; a withy.

2. A band consisting of a twig twisted.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: An iron attachment on one end of a mast or boom, with a ring, through which another mast or boom is rigged out and secured; a wythe. R. H. Dana, Jr.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: A partition between flues in a chimney.

WITHE Withe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Withed; p. pr. & vb. n. Withing.]

Defn: To bind or fasten with withes. You shall see him withed, and haltered, and staked, and baited to death. Bp. Hall.

WITHER With"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Withered; p. pr. & vb. n. Withering.] Etym: [OE. wideren; probably the same word as wederen to weather (see Weather, v. & n.); or cf. G. verwittern to decay, to be weather- beaten, Lith. vysti to wither.]

1. To fade; to lose freshness; to become sapless; to become sapless; to dry or shrivel up. Shall he hot pull up the roots thereof, and cut off the fruit thereof, that it wither Ezek. xvii. 9.

2. To lose or want animal moisture; to waste; to pin This is man, old, wrinkled, faded, withered. Shak. There was a man which had his hand withered. Matt. xii. 10. Now warm in love, now with'ring in the grave. Dryden.

3. To lose vigor or power; to languish; to pass away. "Names that must not wither." Byron. States thrive or wither as moons wax and wane. Cowper.

WITHER With"er, v. t.

1. To cause to fade, and become dry. The sun is no sooner risen with a burning heat, but it withereth the grass, and the flower thereof falleth. James i. 11.

2. To cause to shrink, wrinkle, or decay, for want of animal moisture. "Age can not wither her." Shak. Shot forth pernicious fire Among the accursed, that withered all their strength. Milton.

3. To cause to languish, perish, or pass away; to blight; as, a reputation withered by calumny. The passions and the cares that wither life. Bryant.

WITHERBAND With"er*band`, n. Etym: [Withers + band.] (Far.)

Defn: A piece of iron in a saddle near a horse's withers, to strengthen the bow.

WITHERED With"ered, a.

Defn: Faded; dried up; shriveled; wilted; wasted; wasted away. -- With"ered*ness, n. Bp. Hall.

WITHERING With"er*ing, a.

Defn: Tending to wither; causing to shrink or fade. -- With"er*ing*ly, adv.

WITHERITE With"er*ite, n. Etym: [So called after Dr. W. Withering.] (Min.)

Defn: Barium carbonate occurring in white or gray six-sided twin crystals, and also in columnar or granular masses.

WITHERLING With"er*ling, n. Etym: [Wither + -ling.]

Defn: A withered person; one who is decrepit. [Obs.] Chapman.

WITHERNAM With"er*nam, n. Etym: [AS. withernam; wither against + nam a seizure, fr. niman to take.] (Law)

Defn: A second or reciprocal distress of other goods in lieu of goods which were taken by a first distress and have been eloigned; a taking by way of reprisal; -- chiefly used in the expression capias in withernam, which is the name of a writ used in connection with the action of replevin (sometimes called a writ of reprisal), which issues to a defendant in replevin when he has obtained judgment for a return of the chattels replevied, and fails to obtain them on the writ of return. Blackstone.

WITHE-ROD Withe"-rod`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A North American shrub (Viburnum nudum) whose tough osierlike shoots are sometimes used for binding sheaves.

WITHERS With"ers, n. pl. Etym: [Properly, the parts which resist the pull or strain in drawing a load; fr. OE. wither resistance, AS. withre, fr. wither against; akin to G. widerrist withers. See With, prep.]

Defn: The ridge between the shoulder bones of a horse, at the base of the neck. See Illust. of Horse. Let the galled jade wince; our withers are unwrung. Shak.

WITHER-WRUNG With"er-wrung`, a.

Defn: Injured or hurt in the withers, as a horse.

WITHHOLD With*hold", v. t. [imp. Withheld; p. p. Withheld, Obs. or Archaic Withholden (; p. pr. & vb. n. Withholding.] Etym: [With again, against, back + hold.]

1. To hold back; to restrain; to keep from action. Withhold, O sovereign prince, your hasty hand From knitting league with him. Spenser.

2. To retain; to keep back; not to grant; as, to withhold assent to a proposition. Forbid who will, none shall from me withhold Longer thy offered good. Milton.

3. To keep; to maintain; to retain. [Obs.] To withhold it the more easily in heart. Chaucer.

WITHHOLDER With*hold"er, n.

Defn: One who withholds.

WITHHOLDMENT With*hold"ment, n.

Defn: The act of withholding.

WITHIN With*in", prep. Etym: [OE. withinne, withinnen, AS. withinnan; with with, against, toward + innan in, inwardly, within, from in in. See With, prep., In, prep.]

1. In the inner or interior part of; inside of; not without; as, within doors. O, unhappy youth! Come not within these doors; within this roof The enemy of all your graces lives. Shak. Till this be cured by religion, it is as impossible for a man to be happy -- that is, pleased and contented within himself -- as it is for a sick man to be at ease. Tillotson.

2. In the limits or compass of; not further in length than; as, within five miles; not longer in time than; as, within an hour; not exceeding in quantity; as, expenses kept within one's income. "That he repair should again within a little while." Chaucer. Within these five hours lived Lord Hastings, Untainted, unexamined, free, at liberty. Shak.

3. Hence, inside the limits, reach, or influence of; not going outside of; not beyond, overstepping, exceeding, or the like. Both he and she are still within my power. Dryden. Within himself The danger lies, yet lies within his power. Milton. Were every action concluded within itself, and drew no consequence after it, we should, undoubtedly, never err in our choice of good. Locke.

WITHIN With*in", adv.

1. In the inner part; inwardly; internally. "The wound festers within." Carew. Ills from within thy reason must prevent. Dryden.

2. In the house; in doors; as, the master is within.

WITHINFORTH With*in"forth`, adv.

Defn: Within; inside; inwardly. [Obs.] Wyclif. [It is much greater] labor for to withinforth call into mind, without sight of the eye withoutforth upon images, what he before knew and thought upon. Bp. Peacock.

WITHINSIDE With*in"side`, adv.

Defn: In the inner parts; inside. [Obs.] Graves.

WITHOUT With*out", prep. Etym: [OE. withoute, withouten, AS. with; with with, against, toward + outside, fr. out. See With, prep., Out.]

1. On or at the outside of; out of; not within; as, without doors. Without the gate Some drive the cars, and some the coursers rein. Dryden.

2. Out of the limits of; out of reach of; beyond. Eternity, before the world and after, is without our reach. T. Burnet.

3. Not with; otherwise than with; in absence of, separation from, or destitution of; not with use or employment of; independently of; exclusively of; with omission; as, without labor; without damage. I wolde it do withouten negligence. Chaucer. Wise men will do it without a law. Bacon. Without the separation of the two monarchies, the most advantageous terms . . . must end in our destruction. Addison. There is no living with thee nor without thee. Tatler. To do without. See under Do. -- Without day Etym: [a translation of L. sine die], without the appointment of a day to appear or assemble again; finally; as, the Fortieth Congress then adjourned without day. -- Without recourse. See under Recourse.

WITHOUT With*out", conj.

Defn: Unless; except; -- introducing a clause. You will never live to my age without you keep yourselves in breath with exercise, and in heart with joyfulness. Sir P. Sidney.

Note: Now rarely used by good writers or speakers.

WITHOUT With*out", adv.

1. On or art the outside; not on the inside; not within; outwardly; externally. Without were fightings, within were fears. 2 Cor. vii. 5.

2. Outside of the house; out of doors. The people came unto the house without. Chaucer.

WITHOUT-DOOR With*out"-door`, a.

Defn: Outdoor; exterior. [Obs.] "Her without-door form." Shak.

WITHOUTEN With*out"en, prep.

Defn: Without. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WITHOUTFORTH With*out"forth`, adv.

Defn: Without; outside' outwardly. Cf. Withinforth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WITHSAY With*say", v. t.

Defn: To contradict; to gainsay; to deny; to renounce. [Obs.] Gower. If that he his Christendom withsay. Chaucer.

WITHSET With*set", v. t.

Defn: To set against; to oppose. [Obs.] "Their way he them withset." R. of Brunne.

WITHSTAND With*stand", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Withstood; p. pr. & vb. n. Withstanding.] Etym: [AS. wiedhstandan. See With, prep., and Stand.]

Defn: To stand against; to oppose; to resist, either with physical or moral force; as, to withstand an attack of troops; to withstand eloquence or arguments. Piers Plowman. I withstood him to the face. Gal. ii. 11. Some village Hampden, that, with dauntless breast. The little tyrant of his fields withstood. Gray.

WITHSTANDER With*stand"er, n.

Defn: One who withstands, or opposes; an opponent; a resisting power.

WITHSTOOD With*stood", imp. & p. p.

Defn: oWithstand.

WITHVINE With"vine`, n. Etym: [Withe + vine.] (Bot.)

Defn: Quitch grass.

WITHWIND With"wind`, n. Etym: [AS. wiedhowinde.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis). He bare a burden ybound with a broad list, In a withewyndes wise ybounden about. Piers Plowman.

WITHWINE With"wine`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Withvine.

WITHY With"y, n.; pl. Withies. Etym: [OE. withe, wipi, AS. wi a willow, willow twig; akin to G. weide willow, OHG. wida, Icel. vi, a withy, Sw. vide a willow twig, Dan. vidie a willow, osier, Gr. vitis a vine, viere to plait, Russ. vite. sq. root141. Cf. Wine, Withe.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The osier willow (Salix viminalis). See Osier, n. (a).

2. A withe. See Withe, 1.

WITHY With"y, a.

Defn: Made of withes; like a withe; flexible and tough; also, abounding in withes. The stream is brimful now, and lies high in this little withy plantation. G. Eliot.

WITING Wit"ing, n. Etym: [See Wit, v.]

Defn: Knowledge. [Obs.] "Withouten witing of any other wight." Chaucer.

WITLESS Wit"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of wit or understanding; wanting thought; hence, indiscreet; not under the guidance of judgment. "Witless bravery." Shak. A witty mother! witless else her son. Shak. Witless pity breedeth fruitless love. Fairfax. -- Wit"less*ly, adv. -- Wit"less*ness, n.

WITLING Wit"ling, n. Etym: [Wit + -ling; cf. G. witzling.]

Defn: A person who has little wit or understanding; a pretender to wit or smartness. A beau and witing perished in the forming. Pope. Ye newspaper witlings! ye pert scribbling folks! Goldsmith.

WITNESS Wit"ness, n. Etym: [AS. witness, gewitnes, from witan to know. sq. root133. See Wit, v. i.]

1. Attestation of a fact or an event; testimony. May we with . . . the witness of a good conscience, pursue him with any further revenge Shak. If I bear witness of myself, my witness is not true. John v. 31.

2. That which furnishes evidence or proof. Laban said to Jacob, . . . This heap be witness, and this pillar be witness. Gen. xxxi. 51, 52.

3. One who is cognizant; a person who beholds, or otherwise has personal knowledge of, anything; as, an eyewitness; an earwitness. "Thyself art witness I am betrothed." Shak. Upon my looking round, I was witness to appearances which filled me with melancholy and regret. R. Hall.

4. (Law) (a) One who testifies in a cause, or gives evidence before a judicial tribunal; as, the witness in court agreed in all essential facts. (b) One who sees the execution of an instrument, and subscribes it for the purpose of confirming its authenticity by his testimony; one who witnesses a will, a deed, a marriage, or the like. Privileged witnesses. (Law) See under Privileged. -- With a witness, effectually; to a great degree; with great force, so as to leave some mark as a testimony. [Colloq.] This, I confess, is haste with a witness. South.

WITNESS Wit"ness, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Witnessed; p. pr. & vb. n. Witnessing.]

1. To see or know by personal presence; to have direct cognizance of. This is but a faint sketch of the incalculable calamities and horrors we must expect, should we ever witness the triumphs of modern infidelity. R. Hall. General Washington did not live to witness the restoration of peace. Marshall.

2. To give testimony to; to testify to; to attest. Behold how many things they witness against thee. Mark xv. 4.

3. (Law)

Defn: To see the execution of, as an instrument, and subscribe it for the purpose of establishing its authenticity; as, to witness a bond or a deed.

WITNESS Wit"ness, v. i.

Defn: To bear testimony; to give evidence; to testify. Chaucer. The men of Belial witnessed against him. 1 Kings xxi. 13. The witnessing of the truth was then so generally attended with this event [martyrdom] that martyrdom now signifies not only to witness, but to witness to death. South.

WITNESSER Wit"ness*er, n.

Defn: One who witness.

WIT-SNAPPER Wit"-snap`per, n.

Defn: One who affects repartee; a wit-cracker. [Obs.] Shak.

WIT-STARVED Wit"-starved`, a.

Defn: Barren of wit; destitute of genius. Examiner.

WITTED Wit"ted, a.

Defn: Having (such) a wit or understanding; as, a quick-witted boy.

WITTICASTER Wit"tic*as`ter, n. Etym: [Formed like criticaster.]

Defn: A witling. [R.] Milton.

WITTICISM Wit"ti*cism, n. Etym: [From Witty.]

Defn: A witty saying; a sentence or phrase which is affectedly witty; an attempt at wit; a conceit. Milton. He is full of conceptions, points of epigram, and witticisms; all which are below the dignity of heroic verse. Addison.

WITTIFIED Wit"ti*fied, a. Etym: [Witty + -fy + -ed.]

Defn: Possessed of wit; witty. [R.] R. North.

WITTILY Wit"ti*ly, adv.

Defn: In a witty manner; wisely; ingeniously; artfully; with it; with a delicate turn or phrase, or with an ingenious association of ideas. Who his own harm so wittily contrives. Dryden.

WITTINESS Wit"ti*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being witty.

WITTINGLY Wit"ting*ly, adv. Etym: [See Wit, v.]

Defn: Knowingly; with knowledge; by design.

WITTOL Wit"tol, n. Etym: [Said to be for white tail, and so called in allusion to its white tail; but cf. witwal.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wheatear. [Prov. Eng.]

2. A man who knows his wife's infidelity and submits to it; a tame cuckold; -- so called because the cuckoo lays its eggs in the wittol's nest. [Obs.] Shak.

WITTOLLY Wit"tol*ly, a.

Defn: Like a wittol; cuckoldly. [Obs.] Shak.

WITTS Witts, n. (Mining)

Defn: Tin ore freed from earthy matter by stamping. Knight.

WITTY Wit"ty, a. [Compar. Wittier; superl. Wittiest.] Etym: [AS. witig, wittig. See Wit, n.]

1. Possessed of wit; knowing; wise; skillful; judicious; clever; cunning. [Obs.] "The deep-revolving witty Buckingham." Shak.

2. Especially, possessing wit or humor; good at repartee; droll; facetious; sometimes, sarcastic; as, a witty remark, poem, and the like. "Honeycomb, who was so unmercifully witty upon the women." Addison.

Syn. -- Acute; smart; sharp; arch; keen; facetious; amusing; humorous; satirical; ironical; taunting.

WITWAL; WITWALL Wit"wal`, Wit"wall`, n. Etym: [Akin to G. wittewal, wiedewall, MHG. witewal, D. wiedewaal, wielewaal, OD. weduwael, and perhaps the same word as OE. wodewale. Cf. Wood, n., Wittol.] (Zoöl.) (a) The golden oriole. (b) The greater spotted woodpecker. [Prov. Eng.]

WITWORM Wit"worm`, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, feeds on or destroys wit. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

WIVE Wive, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wived; p. pr. & vb. n. Wiving.] Etym: [AS. wifian, gewifian. See Wite.]

Defn: To marry, as a man; to take a wife. Wherefore we pray you hastily to wive. Chaucer.

WIVE Wive, v. t.

1. To match to a wife; to provide with a wife. "An I could get me but a wife . . . I were manned, horsed, and wived." Shak.

2. To take for a wife; to marry. I have wived his sister. Sir W. Scott.

WIVEHOOD Wive"hood, n.

Defn: Wifehood. [Obs.] Spenser.

WIVELESS Wive"less, a.

Defn: Wifeless. [Obs.] Homilies.

WIVELY Wive"ly, a.

Defn: Wifely. [Obs.] Udall.

WIVER; WIVERN Wiv"er, Wiv"ern, n. Etym: [OE. wivere a serpent, OF. wivre, guivre, F. givre, guivre, wiver, from L. vipera; probably influenced by OHG. wipera, from the Latin. See Viper, and cf. Weever.]

1. (Her.)

Defn: A fabulous two-legged, winged creature, like a cockatrice, but having the head of a dragon, and without spurs. [Written also wyvern.] The jargon of heraldry, its griffins, its mold warps, its wiverns, and its dragons. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The weever.

WIVES Wives, n.

Defn: , pl of Wife.

WIZARD Wiz"ard, n. Etym: [Probably from wise + -ard.]

1. A wise man; a sage. [Obs.] See how from far upon the eastern road The star-led wizards [Magi] haste with odors sweet! Milton.

2. One devoted to the black art; a magician; a conjurer; a sorcerer; an enchanter. The wily wizard must be caught. Dryden.

WIZARD Wiz"ard, a.

1. Enchanting; charming. Collins.

2. Haunted by wizards. Where Deva spreads her wizard stream. Milton.

WIZARDLY Wiz"ard*ly, a.

Defn: Resembling or becoming a wizard; wizardlike; weird.

WIZARDRY Wiz"ard*ry, n.

Defn: The character or practices o "He acquired a reputation bordering on wizardry." J. A. Symonds.

WIZEN Wiz"en, v. i. Etym: [OE. wisenen, AS. wisnian akin to weornian to decay, OHG. wesan to grow dry, G. verwesen to rot, Icel. visna to wither, Sw. vissna, Dan. visne, and probably to L. virus an offensive odor, poison. Cf. Virus.]

Defn: To wither; to dry. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

WIZEN Wiz"en, a.

Defn: Wizened; thin; weazen; withered. A little lonely, wizen, strangely clad boy. Dickens.

WIZEN Wiz"en, n.

Defn: The weasand. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

WIZENED Wiz"ened, a.

Defn: Dried; shriveled; withered; shrunken; weazen; as, a wizened old man.

WIZEN-FACED Wiz"en-faced`, a.

Defn: Having a shriveled, thin, withered face.

WLATSOME Wlat"some, a. Etym: [AS. wlatian to disgust, irk, wl loathing.]

Defn: Loathsome; disgusting; hateful. [Obs.] Murder is . . . wlatsom and abhominable to God. Chaucer.

WO Wo, n. & a.

Defn: See Woe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WOAD Woad, n. Etym: [OE. wod, AS. wad; akin to D. weede, G. waid, OHG. weit, Dan. vaid, veid, Sw. veide, L. vitrum.] [Written also wad, and wade.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An herbaceous cruciferous plant (Isatis tinctoria). It was formerly cultivated for the blue coloring matter derived from its leaves.

2. A blue dyestuff, or coloring matter, consisting of the powdered and fermented leaves of the Isatis tinctoria. It is now superseded by indigo, but is somewhat used with indigo as a ferment in dyeing. Their bodies . . . painted with woad in sundry figures. Milton. Wild woad (Bot.), the weld (Reseda luteola). See Weld. -- Woad mill, a mill grinding and preparing woad.

WOADED Woad"ed, a.

Defn: Colored or stained with woad. "Man tattoed or woaded, winter- clad in skins." Tennyson.

WOAD-WAXEN Woad"-wax`en, n. Etym: [Cf. Wood-wax.] (Bot.)

Defn: A leguminous plant (Genista tinctoria) of Europe and Russian Asia, and adventitious in America; -- called also greenwood, greenweed, dyer's greenweed, and whin, wood-wash, wood-wax, and wood- waxen.

WOALD Woald, n.

Defn: See Weld.

WOBBLE Wob"ble, v. i.

Defn: See Wabble.

WODE Wode, a. Etym: [AS. wod.]

Defn: Mad. See Wood, a. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer.

WODE Wode, n.

Defn: Wood. Chaucer.

WODEGELD Wode"geld`, n. Etym: [See Wood, and Geld.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A geld, or payment, for wood. Burrill.

WODEN Wo"den, n. Etym: [AS. Woden; akin to OS. Wodan, OHG. Wuotan, Icel. Othinn, and probably to E. wood, a. Cf. Wednesday.] (Northern Myth.)

Defn: A deity corresponding to Odin, the supreme deity of the Scandinavians. Wednesday is named for him. See Odin.

WOE Woe, n. Etym: [OE. wo, wa, woo, AS. wa, interj.; akin to D. wee, OS. & OHG. we, G. weh, Icel. vei, Dan. vee, Sw. ve, Goth. wai; cf. L. vae, Gr. Wail.] [Formerly written also wo.]

1. Grief; sorrow; misery; heavy calamity. Thus saying, from her side the fatal key, Sad instrument of all our woe, she took. Milton. [They] weep each other's woe. Pope.

2. A curse; a malediction. Can there be a woe or curse in all the stores of vengeance equal to the malignity of such a practice South.

Note: Woe is used in denunciation, and in exclamations of sorrow. " Woe is me! for I am undone." Isa. vi. 5. O! woe were us alive [i.e., in life]. Chaucer. Woe unto him that striveth with his Maker! Isa. xlv. 9. Woe worth, Woe be to. See Worth, v. i. Woe worth the chase, woe worth the day, That costs thy life, my gallant gray! Sir W. Scott.

WOE Woe, a.

Defn: Woeful; sorrowful. [Obs.] His clerk was woe to do that deed. Robert of Brunne. Woe was this knight and sorrowfully he sighed. Chaucer. And looking up he waxed wondrous woe. Spenser.

WOE-BEGONE Woe"-be*gone`, a. Etym: [OE. wo begon. See Woe, and Begone, p. p.]

Defn: Beset or overwhelmed with woe; immersed in grief or sorrow; woeful. Chaucer. So woe-begone was he with pains of love. Fairfax.

WOEFUL; WOFUL Woe"ful, Wo"ful, a.

1. Full of woe; sorrowful; distressed with grief or calamity; afflicted; wretched; unhappy; sad. How many woeful widows left to bow To sad disgrace! Daniel.

2. Bringing calamity, distress, or affliction; as, a woeful event; woeful want. O woeful day! O day of woe! Philips.

3. Wretched; paltry; miserable; poor. What woeful stuff this madrigal would be! Pope.

WOEFULLY; WOFULLY Woe"ful*ly, Wo"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: In a woeful manner; sorrowfully; mournfully; miserably; dolefully.

WOEFULNESS; WOFULNESS Woe"ful*ness, Wo"ful*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being woeful; misery; wretchedness.

WOESOME Woe"some, a.

Defn: Woeful. [Obs.] Langhorne.

WOKE Woke, imp. & p. p.

Defn: Wake.

WOL Wol, v. t. & i.

Defn: See 2d Will. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WOLD Wold, n. Etym: [OE. wold, wald, AS. weald, wald, a wood, forest; akin to OFries. & OS. wald, D. woud, G. wald, Icel. völlr, a field, and probably to Gr. va a garden, inclosure. Cf. Weald.]

1. A wood; a forest.

2. A plain, or low hill; a country without wood, whether hilly or not. And from his further bank Ætolia's wolds espied. Byron. The wind that beats the mountain, blows More softly round the open wold. Tennyson.

WOLD Wold, n.

Defn: See Weld.

WOLDE Wolde, obs.

Defn: imp. of Will. See Would.

WOLF Wolf, n.; pl. Wolves. Etym: [OE. wolf, wulf, AS. wulf; akin to OS. wulf, D. & G. wolf, Icel. ulfr, Sw. ulf, Dan. ulv, Goth. wulfs, Lith. vilkas, Russ. volk', L. lupus, Gr. ly`kos, Skr. vrska; also to Gr. "e`lkein to draw, drag, tear in pieces. sq. root286. Cf. Lupine, a., Lyceum.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of wild and savage carnivores belonging to the genus Canis and closely allied to the common dog. The best-known and most destructive species are the European wolf (Canis lupus), the American gray, or timber, wolf (C. occidentalis), and the prairie wolf, or coyote. Wolves often hunt in packs, and may thus attack large animals and even man.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the destructive, and usually hairy, larvæ of several species of beetles and grain moths; as, the bee wolf.

3. Fig.: Any very ravenous, rapacious, or destructive person or thing; especially, want; starvation; as, they toiled hard to keep the wolf from the door.

4. A white worm, or maggot, which infests granaries.

5. An eating ulcer or sore. Cf. Lupus. [Obs.] If God should send a cancer upon thy face, or a wolf into thy side. Jer. Taylor.

6. (Mus.) (a) The harsh, howling sound of some of the chords on an organ or piano tuned by unequal temperament. (b) In bowed instruments, a harshness due to defective vibration in certain notes of the scale.

7. (Textile Manuf.)

Defn: A willying machine. Knight. Black wolf. (Zoöl.) (a) A black variety of the European wolf which is common in the Pyrenees. (b) A black variety of the American gray wolf. -- Golden wolf (Zoöl.), the Thibetan wolf (Canis laniger); -- called also chanco. -- Indian wolf (Zoöl.), an Asiatic wolf (Canis pallipes) which somewhat resembles a jackal. Called also landgak. -- Prairie wolf (Zoöl.), the coyote. -- Sea wolf. (Zoöl.) See in the Vocabulary. -- Strand wolf (Zoöl.) the striped hyena. -- Tasmanian wolf (Zoöl.), the zebra wolf. -- Tiger wolf (Zoöl.), the spotted hyena. -- To keep the wolf from the door, to keep away poverty; to prevent starvation. See Wolf, 3, above. Tennyson. -- Wolf dog. (Zoöl.) (a) The mastiff, or shepherd dog, of the Pyrenees, supposed by some authors to be one of the ancestors of the St. Bernard dog. (b) The Irish greyhound, supposed to have been used formerly by the Danes for chasing wolves. (c) A dog bred between a dog and a wolf, as the Eskimo dog. -- Wolf eel (Zoöl.), a wolf fish. -- Wolf fish (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large, voracious marine fishes of the genus Anarrhichas, especially the common species (A. lupus) of Europe and North America. These fishes have large teeth and powerful jaws. Called also catfish, sea cat, sea wolf, stone biter, and swinefish. -- Wolf net, a kind of net used in fishing, which takes great numbers of fish. -- Wolf's peach (Bot.), the tomato, or love apple (Lycopersicum esculentum). -- Wolf spider (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of running ground spiders belonging to the genus Lycosa, or family Lycosidæ. These spiders run about rapidly in search of their prey. Most of them are plain brown or blackish in color. See Illust. in App. -- Zebra wolf (Zoöl.), a savage carnivorous marsupial (Thylacinus cynocephalus) native of Tasmania; -- called also Tasmanian wolf.

WOLFBERRY Wolf"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An American shrub (Symphoricarpus occidentalis) which bears soft white berries.

WOLFFIAN Wolff"i*an, a (Anat.)

Defn: Discovered, or first described, by Caspar Friedrich Wolff (1733-1794), the founder of modern embryology. Wolffian body, the mesonephros. -- Wolffian duct, the duct from the Wolffian body.

WOLFHOUND Wolf"hound`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Originally, a large hound used in hunting wolves; now, any one of certain breeds of large dogs, some of which are nearly identical with the great Danes.

WOLFISH Wolf"ish, a.

Defn: Like a wolf; having the qualities or form of a wolf; as, a wolfish visage; wolfish designs. -- Wolf"ish*ly, adv. -- Wolf"ish*ness, n.

WOLFKIN Wolf"kin, n.

Defn: A little or young wolf. Tennyson.

WOLFLING Wolf"ling, n.

Defn: A young wolf. Carlyle.

WOLFRAM Wol"fram, n. Etym: [G.] (Min.)

Defn: Same as Wolframite.

WOLFRAMATE Wol"fram*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of wolframic acid; a tungstate.

WOLFRAMIC Wol*fram"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to wolframium. See Tungstic.

WOLFRAMITE Wol"fram*ite, n. Etym: [G., wolframit, wolfram; wolf wolf + rahm cream, soot; cf. G. wolfsruss wolfram, lit., wolf's soot.] (Min.)

Defn: Tungstate of iron and manganese, generally of a brownish or grayish black color, submetallic luster, and high specific gravity. It occurs in cleavable masses, and also crystallized. Called also wolfram.

WOLFRAMIUM Wol*fra"mi*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Wolfram.] (Chem.)

Defn: The technical name of the element tungsten. See Tungsten.

WOLFRAM STEEL Wol"fram steel.

Defn: Same as Tungsten steel.

WOLFSBANE Wolfs"bane`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A poisonous plant (Aconitum Lycoctonum), a kind of monkshood; also, by extension, any plant or species of the genus Aconitum. See Aconite.

WOLF'S-CLAW Wolf's"-claw`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of club moss. See Lycopodium.

WOLF'S-FOOT Wolf's"-foot`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Club moss. See Lycopodium.

WOLF'S-MILK Wolf's"-milk`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any kind of spurge (Euphorbia); -- so called from its acrid milky juice.

WOLL Woll, v. t. & i.

Defn: See 2d Will. [Obs.]

WOLLASTONITE Wol"las*ton*ite, n. Etym: [After Dr. W. H. Wollaston, an English chemist, who died in 1828.] (Min.)

Defn: A silicate of lime of a white to gray, red, or yellow color, occurring generally in cleavable masses, rarely in tabular crystals; tabular spar.

WOLLASTON'S DOUBLET Wol"las*ton's dou"blet. [After W. H. Wollaston, English physicist.] (Optics)

Defn: A magnifying glass consisting of two plano-convex lenses. It is designed to correct spherical aberration and chromatic dispersion.

WOLLE Wolle, n.

Defn: Wool. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WOLVERENE; WOLVERINE Wol`ver*ene", Wol`ver*ine", n. Etym: [From Wolf, with a dim suffix; prob. so called from its supposed wolfish qualities.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The glutton.

2. A nickname for an inhabitant of Michigan. [U. S.]

WOLVERENE STATE Wol`ver*ene" State.

Defn: Michigan; -- a nickname.

WOLVES Wolves, n.,

Defn: pl. of Wolf.

WOLVISH Wolv"ish, a.

Defn: Wolfish. Shak.

WOMAN Wom"an n.; pl. Women. Etym: [OE. woman, womman, wumman, wimman, wifmon, AS. wifmann, wimmann; wif woman, wife + mann a man. See Wife, and Man.]

1. An adult female person; a grown-up female person, as distinguished from a man or a child; sometimes, any female person. Women are soft, mild pitiful, and flexible. Shak. And the rib, which the Lord God had taken from man, made he a woman. Gen. ii. 22. I have observed among all nations that the women ornament themselves more than the men; that, wherever found, they are the same kind, civil, obliging, humane, tender beings, inclined to be gay and cheerful, timorous and modest. J. Ledyard.

2. The female part of the human race; womankind. Man is destined to be a prey to woman. Thackeray.

3. A female attendant or servant. " By her woman I sent your message." Shak. Woman hater, one who hates women; one who has an aversion to the female sex; a misogynist. Swift.

WOMAN Wom"an, v. t.

1. To act the part of a woman in; -- with indefinite it. Daniel.

2. To make effeminate or womanish. [R.] Shak.

3. To furnish with, or unite to, a woman. [R.] "To have him see me woman'd." Shak.

WOMANHEAD; WOMANHEDE Wom"an*head, Wom"an*hede, n.

Defn: Womanhood. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WOMANHOOD Wom"an*hood, n.

1. The state of being a woman; the distinguishing character or qualities of a woman, or of womankind. Unspotted faith, and comely womanhood. Spenser. Perhaps the smile and the tender tone Came out of her pitying womanhood. Tennyson.

2. Women, collectively; womankind.

WOMANISH Wom"an*ish, a.

Defn: Suitable to a woman, having the qualities of a woman; effeminate; not becoming a man; -- usually in a reproachful sense. See the Note under Effeminate. " Thy tears are womanish." Shak. " Womanish entreaties." Macaulay. A voice not soft, weak, piping, and womanish, but audible, strong, and manlike. Ascham. -- Wom"an*ish*ly, adv. -- Wom"an*ish*ness, n.

WOMANIZE Wom"an*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make like a woman; to make effeminate. [Obs.] V. Knox.

WOMANKIND Wom"an*kind`, n.

Defn: The females of the human race; women, collectively. A sanctuary into which womankind, with her tools of magic, the broom and mop, has very infrequent access. Hawthorne.

WOMANLESS Wom"an*less, a.

Defn: Without a woman or women.

WOMANLIKE Wom"an*like, a.

Defn: Like a woman; womanly. Womanlike, taking revenge too deep. Tennyson.

WOMANLINESS Wom"an*li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being womanly. There is nothing wherein their womanliness is more honestly garnished than with silence. Udall.

WOMANLY Wom"an*ly, a.

Defn: Becoming a woman; feminine; as, womanly behavior. Arbuthnot. A blushing, womanly discovering grace. Donne.

WOMANLY Wom"an*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a woman; with the grace, tenderness, or affection of a woman. Gascoigne.

WOMAN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION Woman's Christian Temperance Union.

Defn: An association of women formed in the United States in 1874, for the advancement of temperance by organizing preventive, educational, evangelistic, social, and legal work.

WOMB Womb, n. Etym: [OE. wombe, wambe, AS. wamb, womb; akin to D. wam belly, OS. & OHG. wamba, G. wamme, wampe, Icel. vömb, Sw. v&mb, Dan. vom, Goth. wamba.]

1. The belly; the abdomen. [Obs.] Chaucer. And he coveted to fill his woman of the cods that the hogs eat, and no man gave him. Wyclif (Luke xv. 16). An I had but a belly of any indifferency, I were simply the most active fellow in Europe. My womb, my womb, my womb undoes me. Shak.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The uterus. See Uterus.

3. The place where anything is generated or produced. The womb of earth the genial seed receives. Dryden.

4. Any cavity containing and enveloping anything. The center spike of gold Which burns deep in the bluebell's womb. R. Browning.

WOMB Womb, v. t.

Defn: To inclose in a womb, or as in a womb; to breed or hold in secret. [Obs.] Shak.

WOMBAT Wom"bat, n. Etym: [From the native name, womback, wombach, in Australia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of three species of Australian burrowing marsupials of the genus Phascolomys, especially the common species (P. ursinus). They are nocturnal in their habits, and feed mostly on roots.

WOMBY Womb"y, a.

Defn: Capacious. [Obs.] Shak.

WOMEN Wom"en, n.,

Defn: pl. of Woman.

WON Won,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Win.

WON Won, v. i. Etym: [See 1st Wone.]

Defn: To dwell or abide. [Obs. or Scot.] " Where he wans in forest wild." Milton. This land where I have woned thus long. Spenser.

WON Won, n.

Defn: Dwelling; wone. [Obs.] Spenser.

WONDER Won"der, n. Etym: [OE. wonder, wunder, AS. wundor; akin to D. wonder, OS. wundar, OHG. wuntar, G. wunder, Icel. undr, Sw. & Dan. under, and perhaps to Gr.

1. That emotion which is excited by novelty, or the presentation to the sight or mind of something new, unusual, strange, great, extraordinary, or not well understood; surprise; astonishment; admiration; amazement. They were filled with wonder and amazement at that which had happened unto him. Acts iii. 10. Wonder is the effect of novelty upon ignorance. Johnson.

Note: Wonder expresses less than astonishment, and much less than amazement. It differs from admiration, as now used, in not being necessarily accompanied with love, esteem, or approbation.

2. A cause of wonder; that which excites surprise; a strange thing; a prodigy; a miracle. " Babylon, the wonder of all tongues." Milton. To try things oft, and never to give over, doth wonders. Bacon. I am as a wonder unto many. Ps. lxxi. 7. Seven wonders of the world. See in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.

WONDER Won"der, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wondered; p. pr. & vb. n. Wondering.] Etym: [AS. wundrian.]

1. To be affected with surprise or admiration; to be struck with astonishment; to be amazed; to marvel. I could not sufficiently wonder at the intrepidity of these diminutive mortals. Swift. We cease to wonder at what we understand. Johnson.

2. To feel doubt and curiosity; to wait with uncertain expectation; to query in the mind; as, he wondered why they came. I wonder, in my soul, What you would ask me, that I should deny. Shak.

WONDER Won"der, a.

Defn: Wonderful. [Obs.] Gower. After that he said a wonder thing. Chaucer.

WONDER Won"der, adv.

Defn: Wonderfully. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WONDERED Won"dered, a.

Defn: Having performed wonders; able to perform wonderful things. [Obs.] Shak.

WONDERER Won"der*er, n.

Defn: One who wonders.

WONDERFUL Won"der*ful, a.

Defn: Adapted to excite wonder or admiration; surprising; strange; astonishing.

Syn. -- Marvelous; amazing. See Marvelous. -- Won"der*ful*ly, adv. -- Won"der*ful*ness, n.

WONDERINGLY Won"der*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a wondering manner.

WONDERLAND Won"der*land`, n.

Defn: A land full of wonders, or marvels. M. Arnold.

WONDERLY Won"der*ly, adv. Etym: [AS. wundorlice.]

Defn: Wonderfully; wondrously. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WONDERMENT Won"der*ment, n.

Defn: Surprise; astonishment; a wonderful appearance; a wonder. Bacon. All the common sights they view, Their wonderment engage. Sir W. Scott.

WONDEROUS Won"der*ous, a.

Defn: Same as Wondrous.

WONDERS Won"ders, adv.

Defn: See Wondrous. [Obs.] They be wonders glad thereof. Sir T. More.

WONDERSTRUCK Won"der*struck`, a.

Defn: Struck with wonder, admiration, or surprise. Dryden.

WONDERWORK Won"der*work`, n. Etym: [AS. wundorweorc.]

Defn: A wonderful work or act; a prodigy; a miracle. Such as in strange land He found in wonderworks of God and Nature's hand. Byron.

WONDER-WORKER Won"der-work`er, n.

Defn: One who performs wonders, or miracles.

WONDER-WORKING Won"der-work`ing, a.

Defn: Doing wonders or surprising things.

WONDROUS Won"drous, adv. Etym: [OE. wonders, adv. (later also adj.). See Wonder, n., and cf. -wards.]

Defn: In a wonderful or surprising manner or degree; wonderfully. For sylphs, yet mindful of their ancient race, Are, as when women, wondrous fond of place. Pope. And now there came both mist and snow, And it grew wondrous cold. Coleridge.

WONDROUS Won"drous, a.

Defn: Wonderful; astonishing; admirable; marvelous; such as excite surprise and astonishment; strange. That I may . . . tell of all thy wondrous works. Ps. xxvi. 7. -- Won"drous*ly, adv. -- Won"drous*ness, n. Chloe complains, and wondrously's aggrieved. Granville.

WONE Wone, v. i. Etym: [OE. wonen, wunen, wonien, wunien, AS. wunian. Wont, a.]

Defn: To dwell; to abide. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Their habitation in which they woned. Chaucer.

WONE Wone, n. Etym: [OE. See Wone, v. i., Wont, a.]

1. Dwelling; habitation; abode. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Custom; habit; wont; use; usage. [Obs.] To liven in delight was all his wone. Chaucer.

WONG Wong, n. Etym: [AS. wang, wong.]

Defn: A field. [Obs.] Spelman. "Woods and wonges." Havelok the Dane.

WONGER Wong"er, n.

Defn: See Wanger. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WONING Won"ing, n.

Defn: Dwelling. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WON'T Won't.

Defn: A colloquial contraction of woll not. Will not. See Will.

Note: Often pronounced wûnt in New England.

WONT Wont, a. Etym: [For woned, p. p. of won, wone, to dwell, AS. wunian; akin to D. wonen, OS. wun, OHG, won, G. wohnen, and AS. wund, gewuna, custom, habit; orig. probably, to take pleasure; cf. Icel. una to dwell, to enjoy, Goth. wunan to rejoice (in unwunands sad); and akin to Skr. van to like, to wish. Wean, Win.]

Defn: Using or doing customarily; accustomed; habituated; used. "As he was wont to go." Chaucer. If the ox were wont to push with his horn. Ex. xxi. 29.

WONT Wont, n.

Defn: Custom; habit; use; usage. They are . . . to be called out to their military motions, under sky or covert, according to the season, as was the Roman wont. Milton. From childly wont and ancient use. Cowper.

WONT Wont, v. i. [imp. Wont, p. p. Wont, or Wonted; p. pr. & vb. n. Wonting.]

Defn: To be accustomed or habituated; to be used. A yearly solemn feast she wont to make. Spenser.

WONT Wont, v. t.

Defn: To accustom; -- used reflexively.

WONTED Wont"ed, a.

Defn: Accustomed; customary; usual. Again his wonted weapon proved. Spenser. Like an old piece of furniture left alone in its wonted corner. Sir W. Scott. She was wonted to the place, and would not remove. L'Estrange.

WONTEDNESS Wont"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being accustomed. [R.] Eikon Basilike.

WONTLESS Wont"less, a.

Defn: Unaccustomed. [Obs.] Spenser.

WOO Woo, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wooed; p. pr. & vb. n. Wooing.] Etym: [OE. wowen, wo, AS. w, fr. w bent, crooked, bad; akin to OS. wah evil, Goth. unwahs blameless, Skr. va to waver, and perhaps to E. vaccilate.]

1. To solicit in love; to court. Each, like the Grecian artist, wooes The image he himself has wrought. Prior.

2. To court solicitously; to invite with importunity. Thee, chantress, oft the woods among I woo, to hear thy even song. Milton. I woo the wind That still delays his coming. Bryant.

WOO Woo, v. i.

Defn: To court; to make love. Dryden.

WOOD Wood, a. Etym: [OE. wod, AS. w; akin to OHG. wuot, Icel. , Goth. w, D. woede madness, G. wuth, wut, also to AS. w song, Icel. , L. vates a seer, a poet. Cf. Wednesday.]

Defn: Mad; insane; possessed; rabid; furious; frantic. [Obs.] [Written also wode.] Our hoste gan to swear as [if] he were wood. Chaucer.

WOOD Wood, v. i.

Defn: To grow mad; to act like a madman; to mad. Chaucer.

WOOD Wood, n. Etym: [OE. wode, wude, AS. wudu, wiodu; akin to OHG. witu, Icel. vi, Dan. & Sw. ved wood, and probably to Ir. & Gael. fiodh, W. gwydd trees, shrubs.]

1. A large and thick collection of trees; a forest or grove; -- frequently used in the plural. Light thickens, and the crow Makes wing to the rooky wood. Shak.

2. The substance of trees and the like; the hard fibrous substance which composes the body of a tree and its branches, and which is covered by the bark; timber. "To worship their own work in wood and stone for gods." Milton.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The fibrous material which makes up the greater part of the stems and branches of trees and shrubby plants, and is found to a less extent in herbaceous stems. It consists of elongated tubular or needle-shaped cells of various kinds, usually interwoven with the shinning bands called silver grain.

Note: Wood consists chiefly of the carbohydrates cellulose and lignin, which are isomeric with starch.

4. Trees cut or sawed for the fire or other uses. Wood acid, Wood vinegar (Chem.), a complex acid liquid obtained in the dry distillation of wood, and containing large quantities of acetic acid; hence, specifically, acetic acid. Formerly called pyroligneous acid. -- Wood anemone (Bot.), a delicate flower (Anemone nemorosa) of early spring; -- also called windflower. See Illust. of Anemone. -- Wood ant (Zoöl.), a large ant (Formica rufa) which lives in woods and forests, and constructs large nests. -- Wood apple (Bot.). See Elephant apple, under Elephant. -- Wood baboon (Zoöl.), the drill. -- Wood betony. (Bot.) (a) Same as Betony. (b) The common American lousewort (Pedicularis Canadensis), a low perennial herb with yellowish or purplish flowers. -- Wood borer. (Zoöl.) (a) The larva of any one of numerous species of boring beetles, esp. elaters, longicorn beetles, buprestidans, and certain weevils. See Apple borer, under Apple, and Pine weevil, under Pine. (b) The larva of any one of various species of lepidopterous insects, especially of the clearwing moths, as the peach-tree borer (see under Peach), and of the goat moths. (c) The larva of various species of hymenopterous of the tribe Urocerata. See Tremex. (d) Any one of several bivalve shells which bore in wood, as the teredos, and species of Xylophaga. (e) Any one of several species of small Crustacea, as the Limnoria, and the boring amphipod (Chelura terebrans). -- Wood carpet, a kind of floor covering made of thin pieces of wood secured to a flexible backing, as of cloth. Knight. -- Wood cell (Bot.), a slender cylindrical or prismatic cell usually tapering to a point at both ends. It is the principal constituent of woody fiber. -- Wood choir, the choir, or chorus, of birds in the woods. [Poetic] Coleridge. -- Wood coal, charcoal; also, lignite, or brown coal. -- Wood cricket (Zoöl.), a small European cricket (Nemobius sylvestris). -- Wood culver (Zoöl.), the wood pigeon. -- Wood cut, an engraving on wood; also, a print from such an engraving. -- Wood dove (Zoöl.), the stockdove. -- Wood drink, a decoction or infusion of medicinal woods. -- Wood duck (Zoöl.) (a) A very beautiful American duck (Aix sponsa). The male has a large crest, and its plumage is varied with green, purple, black, white, and red. It builds its nest in trees, whence the name. Called also bridal duck, summer duck, and wood widgeon. (b) The hooded merganser. (c) The Australian maned goose (Chlamydochen jubata). -- Wood echo, an echo from the wood. -- Wood engraver. (a) An engraver on wood. (b) (Zoöl.) Any of several species of small beetles whose larvæ bore beneath the bark of trees, and excavate furrows in the wood often more or less resembling coarse engravings; especially, Xyleborus xylographus. -- Wood engraving. (a) The act or art engraving on wood; xylography. (b) An engraving on wood; a wood cut; also, a print from such an engraving. -- Wood fern. (Bot.) See Shield fern, under Shield. -- Wood fiber. (a) (Bot.) Fibrovascular tissue. (b) Wood comminuted, and reduced to a powdery or dusty mass. -- Wood fretter (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of beetles whose larvæ bore in the wood, or beneath the bark, of trees. -- Wood frog (Zoöl.), a common North American frog (Rana sylvatica) which lives chiefly in the woods, except during the breeding season. It is drab or yellowish brown, with a black stripe on each side of the head. -- Wood germander. (Bot.) See under Germander. -- Wood god, a fabled sylvan deity. -- Wood grass. (Bot.) See under Grass. -- Wood grouse. (Zoöl.) (a) The capercailzie. (b) The spruce partridge. See under Spruce. -- Wood guest (Zoöl.), the ringdove. [Prov. Eng.] -- Wood hen. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of Old World short-winged rails of the genus Ocydromus, including the weka and allied species. (b) The American woodcock. -- Wood hoopoe (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Old World arboreal birds belonging to Irrisor and allied genera. They are closely allied to the common hoopoe, but have a curved beak, and a longer tail. -- Wood ibis (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large, long- legged, wading birds belonging to the genus Tantalus. The head and neck are naked or scantily covered with feathers. The American wood ibis (Tantalus loculator) is common in Florida. -- Wood lark (Zoöl.), a small European lark (Alauda arborea), which, like, the skylark, utters its notes while on the wing. So called from its habit of perching on trees. -- Wood laurel (Bot.), a European evergreen shrub (Daphne Laureola). -- Wood leopard (Zoöl.), a European spotted moth (Zeuzera æsculi) allied to the goat moth. Its large fleshy larva bores in the wood of the apple, pear, and other fruit trees. -- Wood lily (Bot.), the lily of the valley. -- Wood lock (Naut.), a piece of wood close fitted and sheathed with copper, in the throating or score of the pintle, to keep the rudder from rising. -- Wood louse (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of numerous species of terrestrial isopod Crustacea belonging to Oniscus, Armadillo, and related genera. See Sow bug, under Sow, and Pill bug, under Pill. (b) Any one of several species of small, wingless, pseudoneuropterous insects of the family Psocidæ, which live in the crevices of walls and among old books and papers. Some of the species are called also book lice, and deathticks, or deathwatches. -- Wood mite (Zoöl.), any one of numerous small mites of the family Oribatidæ. They are found chiefly in woods, on tree trunks and stones. -- Wood mote. (Eng. Law) (a) Formerly, the forest court. (b) The court of attachment. -- Wood nettle. (Bot.) See under Nettle. -- Wood nightshade (Bot.), woody nightshade. -- Wood nut (Bot.), the filbert. -- Wood nymph. (a) A nymph inhabiting the woods; a fabled goddess of the woods; a dryad. "The wood nymphs, decked with daisies trim." Milton. (b) (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of handsomely colored moths belonging to the genus Eudryas. The larvæ are bright-colored, and some of the species, as Eudryas grata, and E. unio, feed on the leaves of the grapevine. (c) (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of handsomely colored South American humming birds belonging to the genus Thalurania. The males are bright blue, or green and blue. -- Wood offering, wood burnt on the altar. We cast the lots . . . for the wood offering. Neh. x. 34. -- Wood oil (Bot.), a resinous oil obtained from several East Indian trees of the genus Dipterocarpus, having properties similar to those of copaiba, and sometimes substituted for it. It is also used for mixing paint. See Gurjun. -- Wood opal (Min.), a striped variety of coarse opal, having some resemblance to wood. -- Wood paper, paper made of wood pulp. See Wood pulp, below. -- Wood pewee (Zoöl.), a North American tyrant flycatcher (Contopus virens). It closely resembles the pewee, but is smaller. -- Wood pie (Zoöl.), any black and white woodpecker, especially the European great spotted woodpecker. -- Wood pigeon. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of numerous species of Old World pigeons belonging to Palumbus and allied genera of the family Columbidæ. (b) The ringdove. -- Wood puceron (Zoöl.), a plant louse. -- Wood pulp (Technol.), vegetable fiber obtained from the poplar and other white woods, and so softened by digestion with a hot solution of alkali that it can be formed into sheet paper, etc. It is now produced on an immense scale. -- Wood quail (Zoöl.), any one of several species of East Indian crested quails belonging to Rollulus and allied genera, as the red- crested wood quail (R. roulroul), the male of which is bright green, with a long crest of red hairlike feathers. -- Wood rabbit (Zoöl.), the cottontail. -- Wood rat (Zoöl.), any one of several species of American wild rats of the genus Neotoma found in the Southern United States; -- called also bush rat. The Florida wood rat (Neotoma Floridana) is the best-known species. -- Wood reed grass (Bot.), a tall grass (Cinna arundinacea) growing in moist woods. -- Wood reeve, the steward or overseer of a wood. [Eng.] -- Wood rush (Bot.), any plant of the genus Luzula, differing from the true rushes of the genus Juncus chiefly in having very few seeds in each capsule. -- Wood sage (Bot.), a name given to several labiate plants of the genus Teucrium. See Germander. -- Wood screw, a metal screw formed with a sharp thread, and usually with a slotted head, for insertion in wood. -- Wood sheldrake (Zoöl.), the hooded merganser. -- Wood shock (Zoöl.), the fisher. See Fisher, 2. -- Wood shrike (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of Old World singing birds belonging to Grallina, Collyricincla, Prionops, and allied genera, common in India and Australia. They are allied to the true shrikes, but feed upon both insects and berries. -- Wood snipe. (Zoöl.) (a) The American woodcock. (b) An Asiatic snipe (Gallinago nemoricola). -- Wood soot, soot from burnt wood. -- Wood sore. (Zoöl.) See Cuckoo spit, under Cuckoo. -- Wood sorrel (Bot.), a plant of the genus Oxalis (Oxalis Acetosella), having an acid taste. See Illust. (a) of Shamrock. -- Wood spirit. (Chem.) See Methyl alcohol, under Methyl. -- Wood stamp, a carved or engraved block or stamp of wood, for impressing figures or colors on fabrics. -- Wood star (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small South American humming birds belonging to the genus Calothorax. The male has a brilliant gorget of blue, purple, and other colors. -- Wood sucker (Zoöl.), the yaffle. -- Wood swallow (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of Old World passerine birds belonging to the genus Artamus and allied genera of the family Artamidæ. They are common in the East Indies, Asia, and Australia. In form and habits they resemble swallows, but in structure they resemble shrikes. They are usually black above and white beneath. -- Wood tapper (Zoöl.), any woodpecker. -- Wood tar. See under Tar. -- Wood thrush, (Zoöl.) (a) An American thrush (Turdus mustelinus) noted for the sweetness of its song. See under Thrush. (b) The missel thrush. -- Wood tick. See in Vocabulary. -- Wood tin. (Min.). See Cassiterite. -- Wood titmouse (Zoöl.), the goldcgest. -- Wood tortoise (Zoöl.), the sculptured tortoise. See under Sculptured. -- Wood vine (Bot.), the white bryony. -- Wood vinegar. See Wood acid, above. -- Wood warbler. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of numerous species of American warblers of the genus Dendroica. See Warbler. (b) A European warbler (Phylloscopus sibilatrix); -- called also green wren, wood wren, and yellow wren. -- Wood worm (Zoöl.), a larva that bores in wood; a wood borer. -- Wood wren. (Zoöl.) (a) The wood warbler. (b) The willow warbler.

WOOD Wood, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wooded; p. pr. & vb. n. Wooding.]

Defn: To supply with wood, or get supplies of wood for; as, to wood a steamboat or a locomotive.

WOOD Wood, v. i.

Defn: To take or get a supply of wood.

WOODBIND Wood"bind`, n.

Defn: Woodbine. Dryden. A garland . . . of woodbind or hawthorn leaves. Chaucer.

WOODBINE Wood"bine`, n. Etym: [AS. wudubind black ivy; -- so named as binding about trees. See Wood, and Bind, v. t.] (Bot.) (a) A climbing plant having flowers of great fragrance (Lonicera Periclymenum); the honeysuckle. (b) The Virginia creeper. See Virginia creeper, under Virginia. [Local, U. S.] Beatrice, who even now Is couched in the woodbine coverture. Shak.

WOOD-BOUND Wood"-bound`, a.

Defn: Incumbered with tall, woody hedgerows.

WOODBURY-TYPE Wood"bur*y-type`, n. Etym: [After the name of the inventor, W. Woodbury.]

1. A process in photographic printing, in which a relief pattern in gelatin, which has been hardened after certain operations, is pressed upon a plate of lead or other soft metal. An intaglio impression in thus produced, from which pictures may be directly printed, but by a slower process than in common printing.

2. A print from such a plate.

WOODCHAT Wood"chat`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of Asiatic singing birds belonging to the genera Ianthia and Larvivora. They are closely allied to the European robin. The males are usually bright blue above, and more or less red or rufous beneath. (b) A European shrike (Enneoctonus rufus). In the male the head and nape are rufous red; the back, wings, and tail are black, varied with white.

WOODCHUCK Wood"chuck`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A common large North American marmot (Arctomys monax). It is usually reddish brown, more or less grizzled with gray. It makes extensive burrows, and is often injurious to growing crops. Called also ground hog.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The yaffle, or green woodpecker. [Prov. Eng.]

WOODCOCK Wood"cock`, n. Etym: [AS. wuducoc.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of long-billed limicoline birds belonging to the genera Scolopax and Philohela. They are mostly nocturnal in their habits, and are highly esteemed as game birds.

Note: The most important species are the European (Scolopax rusticola) and the American woodcock (Philohela minor), which agree very closely in appearance and habits.

2. Fig.: A simpleton. [Obs.] If I loved you not, I would laugh at you, and see you Run your neck into the noose, and cry, "A woodcock!" Beau. & Fl. Little woodcock. (a) The common American snipe. (b) The European snipe. -- Sea woodcock fish, the bellows fish. -- Woodcock owl, the short-eared owl (Asio brachyotus). -- Woodcock shell, the shell of certain mollusks of the genus Murex, having a very long canal, with or without spines. -- Woodcock snipe. See under Snipe.

WOODCRACKER Wood"crack`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The nuthatch. [Prov. Eng.]

WOODCRAFT Wood"craft`, n.

Defn: Skill and practice in anything pertaining to the woods, especially in shooting, and other sports in the woods. Men of the glade and forest! leave Your woodcraft for the field of fight. Bryant.

WOODCUT Wood"cut`, n.

Defn: An engraving on wood; also, a print from it. Same as Wood cut, under Wood.

WOODCUTTER Wood"cut`ter, n.

1. A person who cuts wood.

2. An engraver on wood. [R.]

WOODCUTTING Wood"cut`ting, n.

1. The act or employment of cutting wood or timber.

2. The act or art of engraving on wood. [R.]

WOODED Wood"ed, a.

Defn: Supplied or covered with wood, or trees; as, land wooded and watered. The brook escaped from the eye down a deep and wooded dell. Sir W. Scott.

WOODEN Wood"en, a.

1. Made or consisting of wood; pertaining to, or resembling, wood; as, a wooden box; a wooden leg; a wooden wedding.

2. Clumsy; awkward; ungainly; stiff; spiritless. When a bold man is out of countenance, he makes a very wooden figure on it. Collier. His singing was, I confess, a little wooden. G. MacDonald. Wooden spoon. (a) (Cambridge University, Eng.) The last junior optime who takes a university degree, -- denoting one who is only fit to stay at home and stir porridge. "We submit that a wooden spoon of our day would not be justified in calling Galileo and Napier blockheads because they never heard of the differential calculus." Macaulay. (b) In some American colleges, the lowest appointee of the junior year; sometimes, one especially popular in his class, without reference to scholarship. Formerly, it was a custom for classmates to present to this person a wooden spoon with formal ceremonies. -- Wooden ware, a general name for buckets, bowls, and other articles of domestic use, made of wood. -- Wooden wedding. See under Wedding.

WOODENLY Wood"en*ly, adv.

Defn: Clumsily; stupidly; blockishly. R. North.

WOODENNESS Wood"en*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being wooden; clumsiness; stupidity; blockishness. We set our faces against the woodenness which then characterized German philology. Sweet.

WOOD GUM Wood gum. (Chem.)

Defn: Xylan.

WOODHACK; WOODHACKER Wood"hack`, Wood"hack`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The yaffle. [Prov. Eng.]

WOODHEWER Wood"hew`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A woodpecker.

WOODHOLE Wood"hole`, n.

Defn: A place where wood is stored.

WOODHOUSE Wood"house`, n.

Defn: A house or shed in which wood is stored, and sheltered from the weather.

WOOD HYACINTH Wood hyacinth.

Defn: A European squill (Scilla nonscripta) having a scape bearing a raceme of drooping blue, purple, white, or sometimes pink, bell- shaped flowers.

WOODINESS Wood"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being woody. Evelyn.

WOODKNACKER Wood"knack`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The yaffle.

WOODLAND Wood"land, n.

Defn: Land covered with wood or trees; forest; land on which trees are suffered to grow, either for fuel or timber. Here hills and vales, the woodland and the plain, Here earth and water seem to strive again. Pope. Woodlands and cultivated fields are harmoniously blended. Bancroft.

WOODLAND Wood"land, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to woods or woodland; living in the forest; sylvan. She had a rustic, woodland air. Wordsworth. Like summer breeze by woodland stream. Keble. Woodland caribou. (Zoöl.) See under Caribou.

WOODLANDER Wood"land*er, n.

Defn: A dweller in a woodland.

WOOD-LAYER Wood"-lay`er, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A young oak, or other timber plant, laid down in a hedge among the whitethorn or other plants used in hedges.

WOODLESS Wood"less, a.

Defn: Having no wood; destitute of wood. Mitford. -- Wood"less*ness, n.

WOODLY Wood"ly, adv.

Defn: In a wood, mad, or raving manner; madly; furiously. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WOODMAN Wood"man, n.; pl. Woodmen (. [Written also woodsman.]

1. A forest officer appointed to take care of the king's woods; a forester. [Eng.]

2. A sportsman; a hunter. [The duke] is a better woodman than thou takest him for. Shak.

3. One who cuts down trees; a woodcutter. Woodman, spare that tree. G. P. Morris.

4. One who dwells in the woods or forest; a bushman.

WOODMEIL Wood"meil, n.

Defn: See Wadmol.

WOODMONGER Wood"mon`ger, n.

Defn: A wood seller. [Obs.]

WOODNESS Wood"ness, n. Etym: [From Wood mad.]

Defn: Anger; madness; insanity; rage. [Obs.] Spenser. Woodness laughing in his rage. Chaucer.

WOOD-NOTE Wood"-note`, n. Etym: [Wood, n. + note.]

Defn: A wild or natural note, as of a forest bird. [R.] Or sweetest Shakespeare, fancy's child, Warble his native wood-notes wild. Milton.

WOOD PARTRIDGE Wood partridge. (a) Any of several small partridges of Java, Sumatra, Borneo, and neighboring regions belonging to the genera Caloperdix, Rollulus, and Melanoperdix. (b) The Canada grouse. [Local, U. S.]

WOODPECK Wood"peck`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A woodpecker. [Obs.]

WOODPECKER Wood"peck`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of scansorial birds belonging to Picus and many allied genera of the family Picidæ.

Note: These birds have the tail feathers pointed and rigid at the tip to aid in climbing, and a strong chisellike bill with which they are able to drill holes in the bark and wood of trees in search of insect larvæ upon which most of the species feed. A few species feed partly upon the sap of trees (see Sap sucker, under Sap), others spend a portion of their time on the ground in search of ants and other insects. The most common European species are the greater spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopus major), the lesser spotted woodpecker (D. minor), and the green woodpecker, or yaffle (see Yaffle). The best- known American species are the pileated woodpecker (see under Pileated), the ivory-billed woodpecker (Campephilus principalis), which is one of the largest known species, the red-headed woodpecker, or red-head (Melanerpes erythrocephalus), the red-bellied woodpecker (M. Carolinus) (see Chab), the superciliary woodpecker (M. superciliaris), the hairy woodpecker (Dryobates villosus), the downy woodpecker (D. pubescens), the three-toed, woodpecker (Picoides Americanus), the golden-winged woodpecker (see Flicker), and the sap suckers. See also Carpintero. Woodpecker hornbill (Zoöl.), a black and white Asiatic hornbill (Buceros pica) which resembles a woodpecker in color.

WOODROCK Wood"rock`, n. (Min.)

Defn: A compact woodlike variety of asbestus.

WOODRUFF; WOODROOF Wood"ruff`, Wood"roof`, n. Etym: [AS. wudurofe. See Wood, n., and cf. Ruff a plaited collar.] (Bot.)

Defn: A little European herb (Asperula odorata) having a pleasant taste. It is sometimes used for flavoring wine. See Illust. of Whorl.

WOOD-SARE Wood"-sare`, n. Etym: [Wood + Prov. E. sare for sore.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of froth seen on herbs. [Obs.]

WOOD-SERE Wood"-sere`, n.

Defn: The time when there no sap in the trees; the winter season. [Written also wood-seer.] [Obs.] Tusser.

WOODSMAN Woods"man, n.; pl. Woodsmen (.

Defn: A woodman; especially, one who lives in the forest.

WOOD'S METAL Wood's" met"al.

Defn: A fusible alloy consisting of one or two parts of cadmium, two parts of tin, four of lead, with seven or eight part of bismuth. It melts at from 66º to 71º C. See Fusible metal, under Fusible.

WOODSTONE Wood"stone`, n. (Min.)

Defn: A striped variety of hornstone, resembling wood in appearance.

WOODSY Woods"y, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the woods or forest. [Colloq. U. S.] It [sugar making] is woodsy, and savors of trees. J. Burroughs.

WOOD TICK Wood" tick`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of ticks of the genus Ixodes whose young cling to bushes, but quickly fasten themselves upon the bodies of any animal with which they come in contact. When they attach themselves to the human body they often produce troublesome sores. The common species of the Northern United States is Ixodes unipunctata.

WOODWALL Wood"wall`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The yaffle. [Written also woodwale, and woodwele.]

WOODWARD Wood"ward`, n. (Eng. Forest Law)

Defn: An officer of the forest, whose duty it was to guard the woods.

WOODWARDIA Wood*war"di*a, n. Etym: [NL. After Thomas J. Woodward, an English botanist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of ferns, one species of which (Woodwardia radicans) is a showy plant in California, the Azores, etc.

WOOD-WASH; WOOD-WAX; WOOD-WAXEN Wood"-wash`, Wood"-wax`, Wood"-wax`en, n. Etym: [AS. wuduweaxe.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Woadwaxen.

WOODWORK Wood"work`, n.

Defn: Work made of wood; that part of any structure which is wrought of wood.

WOODWORM Wood"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Wood worm, under Wood.

WOODY Wood"y, a.

1. Abounding with wood or woods; as, woody land. "The woody wilderness." Bryant. Secret shades Of woody Ida's inmost grove. Milton.

2. Consisting of, or containing, wood or woody fiber; ligneous; as, the woody parts of plants.

3. Of or pertaining to woods; sylvan. [R.] "Woody nymphs, fair Hamadryades." Spenser. Woody fiber. (Bot.) (a) Fiber or tissue consisting of slender, membranous tubes tapering at each end. (b) A single wood cell. See under Wood. Goodale. -- Woody nightshade. (Bot.). See Bittersweet, 3 (a). -- Woody pear (Bot.), the inedible, woody, pear-shaped fruit of several Australian proteaceous trees of the genus Xylomelum; -- called also wooden pear.

WOOER Woo"er, n. Etym: [AS. wogere. See Woo, v. t.]

Defn: One who wooes; one who courts or solicits in love; a suitor. "A thriving wooer." Gibber.

WOOF Woof, n. Etym: [OE. oof, AS. , , aweb; on, an, on + wef, web, fr. wefan to weave. The initial w is due to the influence of E. weave. See On, Weave, and cf. Abb.]

1. The threads that cross the warp in a woven fabric; the weft; the filling; the thread usually carried by the shuttle in weaving.

2. Texture; cloth; as, a pall of softest woof. Pope.

WOOFELL Woo"fell, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European blackbird. "The woofell near at hand that hath a golden bill." Drayton.

WOOFY Woof"y, a.

Defn: Having a close texture; dense; as, a woofy cloud. J. Baillie.

WOOHOO Woo`hoo", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sailfish.

WOOINGLY Woo"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a wooing manner; enticingly; with persuasiveness. Shak.

WOOK Wook", obs. imp. of Wake.

Defn: Woke. Chaucer.

WOOL Wool, n. Etym: [OE. wolle, wulle, AS. wull; akin to D. wol, OHG. wolla, G. wolle, Icel. & Sw. ull, Dan. uld, Goth, wulla, Lith. vilna, Russ. volna, L. vellus, Skr. wool, Flannel, Velvet.]

1. The soft and curled, or crisped, species of hair which grows on sheep and some other animals, and which in fineness sometimes approaches to fur; -- chiefly applied to the fleecy coat of the sheep, which constitutes a most essential material of clothing in all cold and temperate climates.

Note: Wool consists essentially of keratin.

2. Short, thick hair, especially when crisped or curled. Wool of bat and tongue of dog. Shak.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A sort of pubescence, or a clothing of dense, curling hairs on the surface of certain plants. Dead pulled wool, wool pulled from a carcass. -- Mineral wool. See under Mineral. -- Philosopher's wool. (Chem.) See Zinc oxide, under Zinc. -- Pulled wool, wool pulled from a pelt, or undressed hide. -- Slag wool. Same as Mineral wool, under Mineral. -- Wool ball, a ball or mass of wool. -- Wool burler, one who removes little burs, knots, or extraneous matter, from wool, or the surface of woolen cloth. -- Wool comber. (a) One whose occupation is to comb wool. (b) A machine for combing wool. -- Wool grass (Bot.), a kind of bulrush (Scirpus Eriophorum) with numerous clustered woolly spikes. -- Wool scribbler. See Woolen scribbler, under Woolen, a. -- Wool sorter's disease (Med.), a disease, resembling malignant pustule, occurring among those who handle the wool of goats and sheep. -- Wool staple, a city or town where wool used to be brought to the king's staple for sale. [Eng.] -- Wool stapler. (a) One who deals in wool. (b) One who sorts wool according to its staple, or its adaptation to different manufacturing purposes. -- Wool winder, a person employed to wind, or make up, wool into bundles to be packed for sale.

WOOLD Woold, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Woolded; p. pr. & vb. n. Woolding.] Etym: [D. woelen, bewoelen; akin to G. wuhlen, bewuhlen. *146.] (Naut.)

Defn: To wind, or wrap; especially, to wind a rope round, as a mast or yard made of two or more pieces, at the place where it has been fished or scarfed, in order to strengthen it.

WOOLDER Woold"er, n.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A stick used to tighten the rope in woolding.

2. (Rope Making)

Defn: One of the handles of the top, formed by a wooden pin passing through it. See 1st Top, 2.

WOOLDING Woold"ing, n. (Naut.) (a) The act of winding or wrapping anything with a rope, as a mast. (b) A rope used for binding masts and spars.

WOOL-DYED Wool"-dyed`, a.

Defn: Dyed before being made into cloth, in distinction from piece- dyed; ingrain.

WOOLED Wooled, a.

Defn: Having (such) wool; as, a fine-wooled sheep.

WOOLEN Wool"en, a. Etym: [OE. wollen; cf. AS. wyllen. See Wool.] [Written also woollen.]

1. Made of wool; consisting of wool; as, woolen goods.

2. Of or pertaining to wool or woolen cloths; as, woolen manufactures; a woolen mill; a woolen draper. Woolen scribbler, a machine for combing or preparing wool in thin, downy, translucent layers.

WOOLEN Wool"en, n. Etym: [Written also woollen.]

Defn: Cloth made of wool; woollen goods.

WOOLENET Wool`en*et", n.

Defn: A thin, light fabric of wool. [Written also woollenet, woolenette, and woollenette.]

WOOLERT Woo"lert, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The barn owl. [Prov. Eng.] [Written also oolert, and owlerd.]

WOOLFELL Wool"fell`, n. Etym: [Wool + fell a skin.]

Defn: A skin with the wool; a skin from which the wool has not been sheared or pulled. [Written also woolfel.]

WOOLGATHERING Wool"gath`er*ing, a.

Defn: Indulging in a vagrant or idle exercise of the imagination; roaming upon a fruitless quest; idly fanciful.

WOOLGATHERING Wool"gath`er*ing, n.

Defn: Indulgence in idle imagination; a foolish or useless pursuit or design. His wits were a woolgathering, as they say. Burton.

WOOLGROWER Wool"grow`er, n.

Defn: One who raises sheep for the production of wool. -- Wool"grow`ing, n.

WOOL-HALL Wool"-hall`, n.

Defn: A trade market in the woolen districts. [Eng.]

WOOLHEAD Wool"head`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The buffel duck.

WOOLLINESS Wool"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being woolly.

WOOLLY Wool"ly, a.

1. Consisting of wool; as, a woolly covering; a woolly fleece.

2. Resembling wool; of the nature of wool. "My fleece of woolly hair." Shak.

3. Clothed with wool. "Woolly breeders." Shak.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: Clothed with a fine, curly pubescence resembling wool. Woolly bear (Zoöl.), the hairy larva of several species of bombycid moths. The most common species in the United States are the salt-marsh caterpillar (see under Salt), the black and red woolly bear, or larva of the Isabella moth (see Illust., under Isabella Moth), and the yellow woolly bear, or larva of the American ermine moth (Spilosoma Virginica). -- Woolly butt (Bot.), an Australian tree (Eucalyptus longifolia), so named because of its fibrous bark. -- Woolly louse (Zoöl.), a plant louse (Schizoneura, or Erisoma, lanigera) which is often very injurious to the apple tree. It is covered with a dense coat of white filaments somewhat resembling fine wool or cotton. In exists in two forms, one of which infests the roots, the other the branches. See Illust. under Blight. -- Woolly macaco (Zoöl.), the mongoose lemur. -- Woolly maki (Zoöl.), a long-tailed lemur (Indris laniger) native of Madagascar, having fur somewhat like wool; -- called also avahi, and woolly lemur. -- Woolly monkey (Zoöl.), any South American monkey of the genus Lagothrix, as the caparro. -- Woolly rhinoceros (Paleon.), an extinct rhinoceros (Rhinoceros tichorhinus) which inhabited the arctic regions, and was covered with a dense coat of woolly hair. It has been found frozen in the ice of Siberia, with the flesh and hair well preserved.

WOOLLY-HEAD Wool"ly-head`, n.

Defn: A negro. [Low]

WOOLMAN Wool"man, n.; pl. Woolmen (.

Defn: One who deals in wool.

WOOLPACK Wool"pack`, n.

Defn: A pack or bag of wool weighing two hundred and forty pounds.

WOOLSACK Wool"sack`, n.

Defn: A sack or bag of wool; specifically, the seat of the lord chancellor of England in the House of Lords, being a large, square sack of wool resembling a divan in form.

WOOLSEY Wool"sey, n. Etym: [From Wool.]

Defn: Linsey-woolsey.

WOOLSTOCK Wool"stock`, n.

Defn: A heavy wooden hammer for milling cloth.

WOOLWARD Wool"ward, adv. Etym: [Wool + -ward.]

Defn: In wool; with woolen raiment next the skin. [Obs.]

WOOLWARD-GOING Wool"ward-go`ing, n.

Defn: A wearing of woolen clothes next the skin as a matter of penance. [Obs.] Their . . . woolward-going, and rising at midnight. Tyndale.

WOON Woon, n.

Defn: Dwelling. See Wone. [Obs.]

WOORALI Woo"ra*li, n.

Defn: Same as Curare.

WOOSY Woos"y, a.

Defn: Oozy; wet. [Obs.] Drayton.

WOOTZ Wootz (woots), n. Etym: [Perhaps a corruption of Canarese ukku steel.]

Defn: A species of steel imported from the East Indies, valued for making edge tools; Indian steel. It has in combination a minute portion of alumina and silica.

WOOYEN Woo"yen, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Yuen.

WOPEN Wo"pen, obs. p. p. of Weep.

Defn: Wept. Chaucer.

WORBLE Wor"ble, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Wormil.

WORD Word, n. Etym: [AS. word; akin to OFries. & OS. word, D. woord, G. wort, Icel. oredh, Sw. & Dan. ord, Goth. waúrd, OPruss. wirds, Lith. vardas a name, L. verbum a word; or perhaps to Gr. "rh`twr an orator. Cf. Verb.]

1. The spoken sign of a conception or an idea; an articulate or vocal sound, or a combination of articulate and vocal sounds, uttered by the human voice, and by custom expressing an idea or ideas; a single component part of human speech or language; a constituent part of a sentence; a term; a vocable. "A glutton of words." Piers Plowman. You cram these words into mine ears, against The stomach of my sense. Shak. Amongst men who confound their ideas with words, there must be endless disputes. Locke.

2. Hence, the written or printed character, or combination of characters, expressing such a term; as, the words on a page.

3. pl.

Defn: Talk; discourse; speech; language. Why should calamity be full of words Shak. Be thy words severe; Sharp as he merits, but the sword forbear. Dryden.

4. Account; tidings; message; communication; information; -- used only in the singular. I pray you . . . bring me word thither How the world goes. Shak.

5. Signal; order; command; direction. Give the word through. Shak.

6. Language considered as implying the faith or authority of the person who utters it; statement; affirmation; declaration; promise. Obey thy parents; keep thy word justly. Shak. I know you brave, and take you at your word. Dryden. I desire not the reader should take my word. Dryden.

7. pl.

Defn: Verbal contention; dispute. Some words there grew 'twixt Somerset and me. Shak.

8. A brief remark or observation; an expression; a phrase, clause, or short sentence. All the law is fulfilled in one word, even in this; Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. Gal. v. 14. She said; but at the happy word "he lives," My father stooped, re- fathered, o'er my wound. Tennyson. There is only one other point on which I offer a word of remark. Dickens. By word of mouth, orally; by actual speaking. Boyle. -- Compound word. See under Compound, a. -- Good word, commendation; favorable account. "And gave the harmless fellow a good word." Pope. -- In a word, briefly; to sum up. -- In word, in declaration; in profession. "Let us not love in word, . . . but in deed and in truth." 1 John iii. 8. -- Nuns of the Word Incarnate (R. C. Ch.), an order of nuns founded in France in 1625, and approved in 1638. The order, which also exists in the United States, was instituted for the purpose of doing honor to the "Mystery of the Incarnation of the Son of God." -- The word, or The Word. (Theol.) (a) The gospel message; esp., the Scriptures, as a revelation of God. "Bold to speak the word without fear." Phil. i. 14. (b) The second person in the Trinity before his manifestation in time by the incarnation; among those who reject a Trinity of persons, some one or all of the divine attributes personified. John i. 1. -- To eat one's words, to retract what has been said. -- To have the words for, to speak for; to act as spokesman. [Obs.] "Our host hadde the wordes for us all." Chaucer. -- Word blindness (Physiol.), inability to understand printed or written words or symbols, although the person affected may be able to see quite well, speak fluently, and write correctly. Landois & Stirling. -- Word deafness (Physiol.), inability to understand spoken words, though the person affected may hear them and other sounds, and hence is not deaf. -- Word dumbness (Physiol.), inability to express ideas in verbal language, though the power of speech is unimpaired. -- Word for word, in the exact words; verbatim; literally; exactly; as, to repeat anything word for word. -- Word painting, the act of describing an object fully and vividly by words only, so as to present it clearly to the mind, as if in a picture. -- Word picture, an accurate and vivid description, which presents an object clearly to the mind, as if in a picture. -- Word square, a series of words so arranged that they can be read vertically and horizontally with like results.

Syn. -- See Term.

WORD Word, v. i.

Defn: To use words, as in discussion; to argue; to dispute. [R.]

WORD Word, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Worded; p. pr. & vb. n. Wording.]

1. To express in words; to phrase. The apology for the king is the same, but worded with greater deference to that great prince. Addison.

2. To ply with words; also, to cause to be by the use of a word or words. [Obs.] Howell.

3. To flatter with words; to cajole. [Obs.] Shak. To word it, to bandy words; to dispute. [Obs.] "To word it with a shrew." L'Estrange.

WORDBOOK Word"book`, n. Etym: [Cf. D. woordenboek, G. wörterbuch.]

Defn: A collection of words; a vocabulary; a dictionary; a lexicon.

WORD-CATCHER Word"-catch`er, n.

Defn: One who cavils at words.

WORDER Word"er, n.

Defn: A speaker. [Obs.] Withlock.

WORDILY Word"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a wordy manner.

WORDINESS Word"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being wordy, or abounding with words; verboseness. Jeffrey.

WORDING Word"ing, n.

Defn: The act or manner of expressing in words; style of expression; phrasing. It is believed this wording was above his known style. Milton.

WORDISH Word"ish, a.

Defn: Respecting words; full of words; wordy. [R.] Sir P. Sidney. -- Word"ish*ness, n. The truth they hide by their dark woordishness. Sir K. Digby.

WORDLE Wor"dle, n.

Defn: One of several pivoted pieces forming the throat of an adjustable die used in drawing wire, lead pipe, etc. Knight.

WORDLESS Word"less, a.

Defn: Not using words; not speaking; silent; speechless. Shak.

WORD METHOD Word method. (Education)

Defn: A method of teaching reading in which words are first taken as single ideograms and later analyzed into their phonetic and alphabetic elements; -- contrasted with the alphabet and sentence methods.

WORDPLAY Word"play`, n.

Defn: A more or less subtle playing upon the meaning of words.

WORDSMAN Words"man, n.

Defn: One who deals in words, or in mere words; a verbalist. [R.] "Some speculative wordsman." H. Bushnell.

WORDY Word"y, a. [Compar. Wordier; superl. Wordiest.]

1. Of or pertaining to words; consisting of words; verbal; as, a wordy war. Cowper.

2. Using many words; verbose; as, a wordy speaker.

3. Containing many words; full of words. We need not lavish hours in wordy periods. Philips.

WORE Wore,

Defn: imp. of Wear.

WORE Wore,

Defn: imp. of Ware.

WORK Work, n. Etym: [OE. work, werk, weork, AS. weorc, worc; akin to OFries. werk, wirk, OS., D., & G. werk, OHG. werc, werah, Icel. & Sw. verk, Dan. værk, Goth. gawaúrki, Gr. verez to work. Bulwark, Energy, Erg, Georgic, Liturgy, Metallurgy, Organ, Surgeon, Wright.]

1. Exertion of strength or faculties; physical or intellectual effort directed to an end; industrial activity; toil; employment; sometimes, specifically, physically labor. Man hath his daily work of body or mind Appointed. Milton.

2. The matter on which one is at work; that upon which one spends labor; material for working upon; subject of exertion; the thing occupying one; business; duty; as, to take up one's work; to drop one's work. Come on, Nerissa; I have work in hand That you yet know not of. Shak. In every work that he began . . . he did it with all his heart, and prospered. 2 Chron. xxxi. 21.

3. That which is produced as the result of labor; anything accomplished by exertion or toil; product; performance; fabric; manufacture; in a more general sense, act, deed, service, effect, result, achievement, feat. To leave no rubs or blotches in the work. Shak. The work some praise, And some the architect. Milton. Fancy . . . Wild work produces oft, and most in dreams. Milton. The composition or dissolution of mixed bodies . . . is the chief work of elements. Sir K. Digby.

4. Specifically: (a) That which is produced by mental labor; a composition; a book; as, a work, or the works, of Addison. (b) Flowers, figures, or the like, wrought with the needle; embroidery. I am glad I have found this napkin; . . . I'll have the work ta'en out, And give 't Iago. Shak. (c) pl.

Defn: Structures in civil, military, or naval engineering, as docks, bridges, embankments, trenches, fortifications, and the like; also, the structures and grounds of a manufacturing establishment; as, iron works; locomotive works; gas works. (d) pl.

Defn: The moving parts of a mechanism; as, the works of a watch.

5. Manner of working; management; treatment; as, unskillful work spoiled the effect. Bp. Stillingfleet.

6. (Mech.)

Defn: The causing of motion against a resisting force. The amount of work is proportioned to, and is measured by, the product of the force into the amount of motion along the direction of the force. See Conservation of energy, under Conservation, Unit of work, under Unit, also Foot pound, Horse power, Poundal, and Erg. Energy is the capacity of doing work . . . Work is the transference of energy from one system to another. Clerk Maxwell.

7. (Mining)

Defn: Ore before it is dressed. Raymond.

8. pl. (Script.)

Defn: Performance of moral duties; righteous conduct. He shall reward every man according to his works. Matt. xvi. 27. Faith, if it hath not works, is dead. James ii. 17. Muscular work (Physiol.), the work done by a muscle through the power of contraction. -- To go to work, to begin laboring; to commence operations; to contrive; to manage. "I 'll go another way to work with him." Shak. -- To set on work, to cause to begin laboring; to set to work. [Obs.] Hooker. -- To set to work, to employ; to cause to engage in any business or labor.

WORK Work, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Worked, or Wrought (; p. pr. & vb. n. Working.] Etym: [AS. wyrcean (imp. worthe, wrohte, p. p. geworht, gewroht); akin to OFries. werka, wirka, OS. wirkian, D. werken, G. wirken, Icel. verka, yrkja, orka, Goth. waúrkjan. *145. See Work, n.]

1. To exert one's self for a purpose; to put forth effort for the attainment of an object; to labor; to be engaged in the performance of a task, a duty, or the like. O thou good Kent, how shall I live and work, To match thy goodness Shak. Go therefore now, and work; for there shall no straw be given you. Ex. v. 18. Whether we work or play, or sleep or wake, Our life doth pass. Sir J. Davies.

2. Hence, in a general sense, to operate; to act; to perform; as, a machine works well. We bend to that the working of the heart. Shak.

3. Hence, figuratively, to be effective; to have effect or influence; to conduce. We know that all things work together for good to them that love God. Rom. viii. 28. This so wrought upon the child, that afterwards he desired to be taught. Locke. She marveled how she could ever have been wrought upon to marry him. Hawthorne.

4. To carry on business; to be engaged or employed customarily; to perform the part of a laborer; to labor; to toil. They that work in fine flax . . . shall be confounded. Isa. xix. 9.

5. To be in a state of severe exertion, or as if in such a state; to be tossed or agitated; to move heavily; to strain; to labor; as, a ship works in a heavy sea. Confused with working sands and rolling waves. Addison.

6. To make one's way slowly and with difficulty; to move or penetrate laboriously; to proceed with effort; -- with a following preposition, as down, out, into, up, through, and the like; as, scheme works out by degrees; to work into the earth. Till body up to spirit work, in bounds Proportioned to each kind. Milton.

7. To ferment, as a liquid. The working of beer when the barm is put in. Bacon.

8. To act or operate on the stomach and bowels, as a cathartic. Purges . . . work best, that is, cause the blood so to do, . . . in warm weather or in a warm room. Grew.

To work at, to be engaged in or upon; to be employed in. -- To work to windward (Naut.), to sail or ply against the wind; to tack to windward. Mar. Dict.

WORK Work, v. t.

1. To labor or operate upon; to give exertion and effort to; to prepare for use, or to utilize, by labor. He could have told them of two or three gold mines, and a silver mine, and given the reason why they forbare to work them at that time. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. To produce or form by labor; to bring forth by exertion or toil; to accomplish; to originate; to effect; as, to work wood or iron into a form desired, or into a utensil; to work cotton or wool into cloth. Each herb he knew, that works or good or ill. Harte.

3. To produce by slow degrees, or as if laboriously; to bring gradually into any state by action or motion. "Sidelong he works his way." Milton. So the pure, limpid stream, when foul with stains Of rushing torrents and descending rains, Works itself clear, and as it runs, refines, Till by degrees the floating mirror shines. Addison.

4. To influence by acting upon; to prevail upon; to manage; to lead. "Work your royal father to his ruin." Philips.

5. To form with a needle and thread or yarn; especially, to embroider; as, to work muslin.

6. To set in motion or action; to direct the action of; to keep at work; to govern; to manage; as, to work a machine. Knowledge in building and working ships. Arbuthnot. Now, Marcus, thy virtue's the proof; Put forth thy utmost strength, work every nerve. Addison. The mariners all 'gan work the ropes, Where they were wont to do. Coleridge.

7. To cause to ferment, as liquor. To work a passage (Naut.), to pay for a passage by doing work. -- To work double tides (Naut.), to perform the labor of three days in two; -- a phrase which alludes to a practice of working by the night tide as well as by the day. -- To work in, to insert, introduce, mingle, or interweave by labor or skill. -- To work into, to force, urge, or insinuate into; as, to work one's self into favor or confidence. -- To work off, to remove gradually, as by labor, or a gradual process; as, beer works off impurities in fermenting. -- To work out. (a) To effect by labor and exertion. "Work out your own salvation with fear and trembling." Phil. ii. 12. (b) To erase; to efface. [R.] Tears of joy for your returning spilt, Work out and expiate our former guilt. Dryden. (c) To solve, as a problem. (d) To exhaust, as a mine, by working. -- To work up. (a) To raise; to excite; to stir up; as, to work up the passions to rage. The sun, that rolls his chariot o'er their heads, Works up more fire and color in their cheeks. Addison. (b) To expend in any work, as materials; as, they have worked up all the stock. (c) (Naut.) To make over or into something else, as yarns drawn from old rigging, made into spun yarn, foxes, sennit, and the like; also, to keep constantly at work upon needless matters, as a crew in order to punish them. R. H. Dana, Jr.

WORKABLE Work"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being worked, or worth working; as, a workable mine; workable clay.

WORKADAY Work"a*day`, n.

Defn: See Workyday.

WORKBAG Work"bag`, n.

Defn: A bag for holding implements or materials for work; especially, a reticule, or bag for holding needlework, and the like.

WORKBASKET Work"bas`ket, n.

Defn: A basket for holding materials for needlework, or the like.

WORKBENCH Work"bench`, n.

Defn: A bench on which work is performed, as in a carpenter's shop.

WORKBOX Work"box`, n.

Defn: A box for holding instruments or materials for work.

WORKDAY Work"day`, n. & a. Etym: [AS. weorcdæg.]

Defn: A day on which work is performed, as distinguished from Sunday, festivals, etc., a working day.

WORKER Work"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, works; a laborer; a performer; as, a worker in brass. Professors of holiness, but workers of iniquity. Shak.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the neuter, or sterile, individuals of the social ants, bees, and white ants. The workers are generally females having the sexual organs imperfectly developed. See Ant, and White ant, under White.

WORKFELLOW Work"fel`low, n.

Defn: One engaged in the same work with another; a companion in work.

WORKFOLK Work"folk`, n.

Defn: People that labor.

WORKFUL Work"ful, a.

Defn: Full of work; diligent. [R.]

WORKHOUSE Work"house`, n.; pl. Workhouses. Etym: [AS. weorch.]

1. A house where any manufacture is carried on; a workshop.

2. A house in which idle and vicious persons are confined to labor.

3. A house where the town poor are maintained at public expense, and provided with labor; a poorhouse.

WORKING Work"ing,

Defn: a & n. from Work. The word must cousin be to the working. Chaucer. Working beam. See Beam, n. 10. -- Working class, the class of people who are engaged in manual labor, or are dependent upon it for support; laborers; operatives; -- chiefly used in the plural. -- Working day. See under Day, n. -- Working drawing, a drawing, as of the whole or part of a structure, machine, etc., made to a scale, and intended to be followed by the workmen. Working drawings are either general or detail drawings. -- Working house, a house where work is performed; a workhouse. -- Working point (Mach.), that part of a machine at which the effect required; the point where the useful work is done.

WORKING-DAY Work"ing-day, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characteristic of, working days, or workdays; everyday; hence, plodding; hard-working. O, how full of briers in this working-day world. Shak.

WORKINGMAN Work"ing*man, n.; pl. Workingmen (.

Defn: A laboring man; a man who earns his daily support by manual labor.

WORKLESS Work"less, a.

1. Without work; not laboring; as, many people were still workless.

2. Not carried out in practice; not exemplified in fact; as, workless faith. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

WORKMAN Work"man, n.; pl. Workmen. Etym: [AS. weorcmann.]

1. A man employed in labor, whether in tillage or manufactures; a worker.

2. Hence, especially, a skillful artificer or laborer.

WORKMANLIKE Work"man*like`, a.

Defn: Becoming a workman, especially a skillful one; skillful; well performed.

WORKMANLY Work"man*ly, a.

Defn: Becoming a skillful workman; skillful; well performed; workmanlike.

WORKMANLY Work"man*ly, adv.

Defn: In a skillful manner; in a manner becoming a skillful workman. Shak.

WORKMANSHIP Work"man*ship, n.

1. The art or skill of a workman; the execution or manner of making anything. Due reward For her praiseworthy workmanship to yield. Spenser. Beauty is nature's brag, and must be shown . . . Where most may wonder at the workmanship. Milton.

2. That which is effected, made, or produced; manufacture, something made by manual labor. Not any skilled in workmanship embossed. Spenser. By how much Adam exceeded all men in perfection, by being the immediate workmanship of God. Sir W. Raleigh.

WORKMASTER Work"mas`ter, n.

Defn: The performer of any work; a master workman. [R.] Spenser.

WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION ACT Workmen's compensation act. (Law)

Defn: A statute fixing the compensation that a workman may recover from an employer in case of accident, esp. the British act of 6 Edw. VII. c. 58 (1906) giving to a workman, except in certain cases of "serious and willful misconduct," a right against his employer to a certain compensation on the mere occurrence of an accident where the common law gives the right only for negligence of the employer.

WORKROOM Work"room`, n.

Defn: Any room or apartment used especially for labor.

WORKSHIP Work"ship, n.

Defn: Workmanship. [R.]

WORKSHOP Work"shop`, n.

Defn: A shop where any manufacture or handiwork is carried on.

WORKTABLE Work"ta`ble, n.

Defn: A table for holding working materials and implements; esp., a small table with drawers and other conveniences for needlework, etc.

WORKWAYS; WORKWISE Work"ways`, Work"wise`, adv.

Defn: In a working position or manner; as, a T rail placed workwise, i.e., resting on its base.

WORKWOMAN Work"wom`an, n.; pl. Workwomen (, n.

Defn: A woman who performs any work; especially, a woman skilled in needlework.

WORKYDAY Work"y*day`, n. Etym: [See Workday, Workingday.]

Defn: A week day or working day, as distinguished from Sunday or a holiday. Also used adjectively. [Written also workiday, and workaday.] [Obs. or Colloq.] Prithee, tell her but a workyday fortune. Shak.

WORLD World, n. Etym: [OE. world, werld, weorld, weoreld, AS. weorold, worold; akin to OS. werold, D. wereld, OHG. weralt, worolt, werolt, werlt, G. welt, Icel. veröld, Sw. verld, Dan. verden; properly, the age of man, lifetime, humanity; AS. wer a man + a word akin to E. old; cf. AS. yld lifetime, age, ylde men, humanity. Cf. Werewolf, Old.]

1. The earth and the surrounding heavens; the creation; the system of created things; existent creation; the universe. The invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen. Rom. 1. 20. With desire to know, What nearer might concern him, how this world Of heaven and earth conspicuous first began. Milton.

2. Any planet or heavenly body, especially when considered as inhabited, and as the scene of interests analogous with human interests; as, a plurality of worlds. "Lord of the worlds above." I. Watts. Amongst innumerable stars, that shone Star distant, but high-hand seemed other worlds. Milton. There may be other worlds, where the inhabitants have never violated their allegiance to their almighty Sovereign. W. B. Sprague.

3. The earth and its inhabitants, with their concerns; the sum of human affairs and interests. That forbidden tree, whose mortal taste Brought death into the world, and all our woe. Milton.

4. In a more restricted sense, that part of the earth and its concerns which is known to any one, or contemplated by any one; a division of the globe, or of its inhabitants; human affairs as seen from a certain position, or from a given point of view; also, state of existence; scene of life and action; as, the Old World; the New World; the religious world; the Catholic world; the upper world; the future world; the heathen world. One of the greatest in the Christian world Shall be my surety. Shak. Murmuring that now they must be put to make war beyond the world's end -- for so they counted Britain. Milton.

5. The customs, practices, and interests of men; general affairs of life; human society; public affairs and occupations; as, a knowledge of the world. Happy is she that from the world retires. Waller. If knowledge of the world makes man perfidious, May Juba ever live in ignorance. Addison.

6. Individual experience of, or concern with, life; course of life; sum of the affairs which affect the individual; as, to begin the world with no property; to lose all, and begin the world anew.

7. The inhabitants of the earth; the human race; people in general; the public; mankind. Since I do purpose to marry, I will think nothing to any purpose that the world can say against it. Shak. Tell me, wench, how will the world repute me For undertaking so unstaid a journey Shak.

8. The earth and its affairs as distinguished from heaven; concerns of this life as distinguished from those of the life to come; the present existence and its interests; hence, secular affairs; engrossment or absorption in the affairs of this life; worldly corruption; the ungodly or wicked part of mankind. I pray not for the world, but for them which thou hast given me; for they are thine. John xvii. 9. Love not the world, neither the things that are in the world. If any man love the world, the love of the Father is not in him. For all that is in the world, the lust of the flesh, and the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life, is not of the Father, but is of the world. 1 John ii. 15, 16.

9. As an emblem of immensity, a great multitude or quantity; a large number. "A world of men." Chapman. "A world of blossoms for the bee." Bryant. Nor doth this wood lack worlds of company. Shak. A world of woes dispatched in little space. Dryden. All . . . in the world, all that exists; all that is possible; as, all the precaution in the world would not save him. -- A world to see, a wonder to see; something admirable or surprising to see. [Obs.] O, you are novices; 't is a world to see How tame, when men and women are alone, A meacock wretch can make the curstest shrew. Shak. -- For all the world. (a) Precisely; exactly. (b) For any consideration. -- Seven wonders of the world. See in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction. -- To go to the world, to be married. [Obs.] "Thus goes every one to the world but I . . . ; I may sit in a corner and cry heighho for a husband!" Shak. -- World's end, the end, or most distant part, of the world; the remotest regions. -- World without end, eternally; forever; everlastingly; as if in a state of existence having no end. Throughout all ages, world without end. Eph. iii. 21.

WORLDLINESS World"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being worldly; a predominant passion for obtaining the good things of this life; covetousness; addictedness to gain and temporal enjoyments; worldly-mindedness.

WORLDLING World"ling, Etym: [World + -ling.]

Defn: A person whose soul is set upon gaining temporal possessions; one devoted to this world and its enjoyments. A foutre for the world and worldlings base. Shak. If we consider the expectations of futurity, the worldling gives up the argument. Rogers. And worldlings blot the temple's gold. Keble.

WORLDLY World"ly, a. Etym: [AS. woroldlic.]

1. Relating to the world; human; common; as, worldly maxims; worldly actions. "I thus neglecting worldly ends." Shak. Many years it hath continued, standing by no other worldly mean but that one only hand which erected it. Hooker.

2. Pertaining to this world or life, in contradistinction from the life to come; secular; temporal; devoted to this life and its enjoyments; bent on gain; as, worldly pleasures, affections, honor, lusts, men. With his soul fled all my worldly solace. Shak.

3. Lay, as opposed to clerical. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WORLDLY World"ly, adv.

Defn: With relation to this life; in a worldly manner. Subverting worldly strong and worldly wise By simply meek. Milton.

WORLDLY-MINDED World"ly-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Devoted to worldly interests; mindful of the affairs of the present life, and forgetful of those of the future; loving and pursuing this world's goods, to the exclusion of piety and attention to spiritual concerns. -- World"ly*mind`ed*ness, n.

WORLDLYWISE; WORLDLY-WISE World"ly*wise`, World"ly`-*wise`, a.

Defn: Wise in regard to things of this world. Bunyan.

WORLD-WIDE World"-wide`, a.

Defn: Extended throughout the world; as, world-wide fame. Tennyson.

WORM Worm (wûrm), n. Etym: [OE. worm, wurm, AS. wyrm; akin to D. worm, OS. & G. wurm, Icel. ormr, Sw. & Dan. orm, Goth. waúrms, L. vermis, Gr. Vermicelli, Vermilion, Vermin.]

1. A creeping or a crawling animal of any kind or size, as a serpent, caterpillar, snail, or the like. [Archaic] There came a viper out of the heat, and leapt on his hand. When the men of the country saw the worm hang on his hand, they said, This man must needs be a murderer. Tyndale (Acts xxviii. 3, 4). 'T is slander, Whose edge is sharper than the sword, whose tongue Outvenoms all the worms of Nile. Shak. When Cerberus perceived us, the great worm, His mouth he opened and displayed his tusks. Longfellow.

2. Any small creeping animal or reptile, either entirely without feet, or with very short ones, including a great variety of animals; as, an earthworm; the blindworm. Specifically: (Zoöl.) (a) Any helminth; an entozoön. (b) Any annelid. (c) An insect larva. (d) pl.

Defn: Same as Vermes.

3. An internal tormentor; something that gnaws or afflicts one's mind with remorse. The worm of conscience still begnaw thy soul! Shak.

4. A being debased and despised. I am a worm, and no man. Ps. xxii. 6.

5. Anything spiral, vermiculated, or resembling a worm; as: (a) The thread of a screw. The threads of screws, when bigger than can be made in screw plates, are called worms. Moxon.

(b) A spiral instrument or screw, often like a double corkscrew, used for drawing balls from firearms. (c) (Anat.) A certain muscular band in the tongue of some animals, as the dog; the lytta. See Lytta. (d) The condensing tube of a still, often curved and wound to economize space. See Illust. of Still. (e) (Mach.) A short revolving screw, the threads of which drive, or are driven by, a worm wheel by gearing into its teeth or cogs. See Illust. of Worm gearing, below. Worm abscess (Med.), an abscess produced by the irritation resulting from the lodgment of a worm in some part of the body. -- Worm fence. See under Fence. -- Worm gear. (Mach.) (a) A worm wheel. (b) Worm gearing. -- Worm gearing, gearing consisting of a worm and worm wheel working together. -- Worm grass. (Bot.) (a) See Pinkroot, 2 (a). (b) The white stonecrop (Sedum album) reputed to have qualities as a vermifuge. Dr. Prior. -- Worm oil (Med.), an anthelmintic consisting of oil obtained from the seeds of Chenopodium anthelminticum. -- Worm powder (Med.), an anthelmintic powder. -- Worm snake. (Zoöl.) See Thunder snake (b), under Thunder. -- Worm tea (Med.), an anthelmintic tea or tisane. -- Worm tincture (Med.), a tincture prepared from dried earthworms, oil of tartar, spirit of wine, etc. [Obs.] -- Worm wheel, a cogwheel having teeth formed to fit into the spiral spaces of a screw called a worm, so that the wheel may be turned by, or may turn, the worm; -- called also worm gear, and sometimes tangent wheel. See Illust. of Worm gearing, above.

WORM Worm, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wormed; p. pr. & vb. n. Worming.]

Defn: To work slowly, gradually, and secretly. When debates and fretting jealousy Did worm and work within you more and more, Your color faded. Herbert.

WORM Worm, v. t.

1. To effect, remove, drive, draw, or the like, by slow and secret means; -- often followed by out. They find themselves wormed out of all power. Swift. They . . . wormed things out of me that I had no desire to tell. Dickens.

2. To clean by means of a worm; to draw a wad or cartridge from, as a firearm. See Worm, n. 5 (b).

3. To cut the worm, or lytta, from under the tongue of, as a dog, for the purpose of checking a disposition to gnaw. The operation was formerly supposed to guard against canine madness. The men assisted the laird in his sporting parties, wormed his dogs, and cut the ears of his terrier puppies. Sir W. Scott.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: To wind rope, yarn, or other material, spirally round, between the strands of, as a cable; to wind with spun yarn, as a small rope. Ropes . . . are generally wormed before they are served. Totten. To worm one's self into, to enter into gradually by arts and insinuations; as, to worm one's self into favor.

WORMAL Wor"mal, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Wormil.

WORM-EATEN Worm"-eat`en, a.

1. Eaten, or eaten into, by a worm or by worms; as, worm-eaten timber. Concave as a covered goblet, or a worm-eaten nut. Shak.

2. Worn-out; old; worthless. [R.] Sir W. Raleigh. -- Worm"-eat`en*ness, n. [R.] Dr. John Smith.

WORMED Wormed, a.

Defn: Penetrated by worms; injured by worms; worm-eaten; as, wormed timber.

WORMHOLE Worm"hole`, n.

Defn: A burrow made by a worm.

WORMIAN Wor"mi*an, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Discovered or described by Olanus Wormius, a Danish anatomist. Wormian bones, small irregular plates of bone often interposed in the sutures between the large cranial bones.

WORMIL Wor"mil, n. Etym: [Cf. 1st Warble.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any botfly larva which burrows in or beneath the skin of domestic and wild animals, thus producing sores. They belong to various species of Hypoderma and allied genera. Domestic cattle are often infested by a large species. See Gadfly. Called also warble, and worble. [Written also wormal, wormul, and wornil.]

2. (Far.)

Defn: See 1st Warble, 1 (b).

WORMLING Worm"ling, n.

Defn: A little worm. O dusty wormling! dost thou strive and stand With heaven's high monarch Sylvester.

WORMSEED Worm"seed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of several plants, as Artemisia santonica, and Chenopodium anthelminticum, whose seeds have the property of expelling worms from the stomach and intestines. Wormseed mustard, a slender, cruciferous plant (Erysinum cheiranthoides) having small lanceolate leaves.

WORM-SHAPED Worm"-shaped`, a.

Defn: Shaped like a worm; as, a worm-shaped root.

WORM-SHELL Worm"-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Vermetus.

WORMUL Wor"mul, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Wornil.

WORMWOOD Worm"wood, n. Etym: [AS. werm, akin to OHG. wermuota, wormuota, G. wermuth, wermut; of uncertain origin.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A composite plant (Artemisia Absinthium), having a bitter and slightly aromatic taste, formerly used as a tonic and a vermifuge, and to protect woolen garments from moths. It gives the peculiar flavor to the cordial called absinthe. The volatile oil is a narcotic poison. The term is often extended to other species of the same genus.

2. Anything very bitter or grievous; bitterness. Lest there should be among you a root that beareth gall and wormwood. Deut. xxix. 18. Roman wormwood (Bot.), an American weed (Ambrosia artemisiæfolia); hogweed. -- Tree wormwood (Bot.), a species of Artemisia (probably Artemisia variabilis) with woody stems. -- Wormwood hare (Zoöl.), a variety of the common hare (Lepus timidus); -- so named from its color.

WORMY Worm"y, a. [Compar. Wormier; superl. Wormiest.]

1. Containing a worm; abounding with worms. "Wormy beds." Shak.

2. Like or pertaining to a worm; earthy; groveling.

WORN Worn,

Defn: p. p. of Wear. Worn land, land that has become exhausted by tillage, or which for any reason has lost its fertility.

WORNIL Wor"nil, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Wormil.

WORN-OUT Worn"-out`, a.

Defn: Consumed, or rendered useless, by wearing; as, worn-out garments.

WORRAL; WORREL Wor"ral, Wor"rel, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Egyptian fork-tongued lizard, about four feet long when full grown.

WORRIER Wor"ri*er, n.

Defn: One who worries.

WORRIMENT Wor"ri*ment, n. Etym: [See Worry.]

Defn: Trouble; anxiety; worry. [Colloq. U. S.]

WORRISOME Wor"ri*some, a.

Defn: Inclined to worry or fret; also, causing worry or annoyance.

WORRIT Wor"rit, v. t.

Defn: To worry; to annoy. [Illiterate]

WORRIT Wor"rit, n.

Defn: Worry; anxiety. [Illiterate]

WORRY Wor"ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Worried; p. pr. & vb. n. Worrying.] Etym: [OE. worowen, wirien, to strangle, AS. wyrgan in awyrgan; akin to D. worgen, wurgen, to strangle, OHG. wurgen, G. würgen, Lith. verszti, and perhaps to E. wring.]

1. To harass by pursuit and barking; to attack repeatedly; also, to tear or mangle with the teeth. A hellhound that doth hunt us all to death; That dog that had his teeth before his eyes, To worry lambs and lap their gentle blood. Shak.

2. To harass or beset with importunity, or with care an anxiety; to vex; to annoy; to torment; to tease; to fret; to trouble; to plague. "A church worried with reformation." South. Let them rail, And worry one another at their pleasure. Rowe. Worry him out till he gives consent. Swift.

3. To harass with labor; to fatigue. [Colloq.]

WORRY Wor"ry, v. i.

Defn: To feel or express undue care and anxiety; to manifest disquietude or pain; to be fretful; to chafe; as, the child worries; the horse worries.

WORRY Wor"ry, n.; pl. Worries (.

Defn: A state of undue solicitude; a state of disturbance from care and anxiety; vexation; anxiety; fret; as, to be in a worry. "The whir and worry of spindle and of loom." Sir T. Browne.

WORRYINGLY Wor"ry*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a worrying manner.

WORSE Worse, a., compar. of Bad. Etym: [OE. werse, worse, wurse, AS. wiersa, wyrsa, a comparative with no corresponding positive; akin to OS. wirsa, OFries. wirra, OHG. wirsiro, Icel. verri, Sw. värre, Dan. värre, Goth. waírsiza, and probably to OHG. werran to bring into confusion, E. war, and L. verrere to sweep, sweep along. As bad has no comparative and superlative, worse and worst are used in lieu of them, although etymologically they have no relation to bad.]

Defn: Bad, ill, evil, or corrupt, in a greater degree; more bad or evil; less good; specifically, in poorer health; more sick; -- used both in a physical and moral sense. Or worse, if men worse can devise. Chaucer. [She] was nothing bettered, but rather grew worse. Mark v. 26. Evil men and seducers shall wax worse and worse. 2 Tim. iii. 13. There are men who seem to believe they are not bad while another can be found worse. Rambler. "But I love him." "Love him Worse and worse." Gay.

WORSE Worse, n.

1. Loss; disadvantage; defeat. "Judah was put to the worse before Israel." Kings xiv. 12.

2. That which is worse; something less good; as, think not the worse of him for his enterprise.

WORSE Worse, adv. Etym: [AS. wiers, wyrs; akin to OS. & OHG. wirs, Icel. verr, Goth, waírs; a comparative adverb with no corresponding positive. See Worse, a.]

Defn: In a worse degree; in a manner more evil or bad. Now will we deal worse with thee than with them. Gen. xix. 9.

WORSE Worse, v. t. Etym: [OE. wursien, AS. wyrsian to become worse.]

Defn: To make worse; to put disadvantage; to discomfit; to worst. See Worst, v. Weapons more violent, when next we meet, May serve to better us and worse our foes. Milton.

WORSEN Wors"en, v. t.

1. To make worse; to deteriorate; to impair. It is apparent that, in the particular point of which we have been conversing, their condition is greatly worsened. Southey.

2. To get the better of; to worst. [R.]

WORSEN Wors"en, v. i.

Defn: To grow or become worse. De Quincey. Indifferent health, which seemed rather to worsen than improve. Carlyle.

WORSER Wors"er, a.

Defn: Worse. [R.] Thou dost deserve a worser end. Beau. & Fl. From worser thoughts which make me do amiss. Bunyan. A dreadful quiet felt, and, worser far Than arms, a sullen interval of war. Dryden.

Note: This old and redundant form of the comparative occurs occasionally in the best authors, although commonly accounted a vulgarism. It has, at least, the analogy of lesser to sanction its issue. See Lesser. "The experience of man's worser nature, which intercourse with ill-chosen associates, by choice or circumstance, peculiarly teaches." Hallam.

WORSHIP Wor"ship, n. Etym: [OE. worshipe, wuredhscipe, AS. weoredhscipe; weoredh worth + -scipe -ship. See Worth, a., and -ship.]

1. Excellence of character; dignity; worth; worthiness. [Obs.] Shak. A man of worship and honour. Chaucer. Elfin, born of noble state, And muckle worship in his native land. Spenser.

2. Honor; respect; civil deference. [Obs.] Of which great worth and worship may be won. Spenser. Then shalt thou have worship in the presence of them that sit at meat with thee. Luke xiv. 10.

3. Hence, a title of honor, used in addresses to certain magistrates and others of rank or station. My father desires your worships' company. Shak.

4. The act of paying divine honors to the Supreme Being; religious reverence and homage; adoration, or acts of reverence, paid to God, or a being viewed as God. "God with idols in their worship joined." Milton. The worship of God is an eminent part of religion, and prayer is a chief part of religious worship. Tillotson.

5. Obsequious or submissive respect; extravagant admiration; adoration. 'T is your inky brows, your black silk hair, Your bugle eyeballs, nor your cheek of cream, That can my spirits to your worship. Shak.

6. An object of worship. In attitude and aspect formed to be At once the artist's worship and despair. Longfellow. Devil worship, Fire worship, Hero worship, etc. See under Devil, Fire, Hero, etc.

WORSHIP Wor"ship, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Worshiped or Worshipped; p. pr. & vb. n. Worshiping or Worshipping.]

1. To respect; to honor; to treat with civil reverence. [Obsoles.] Chaucer. Our grave . . . shall have a tongueless mouth, Not worshiped with a waxen epitaph. Shak. This holy image that is man God worshipeth. Foxe.

2. To pay divine honors to; to reverence with supreme respect and veneration; to perform religious exercises in honor of; to adore; to venerate. But God is to be worshiped. Shak. When all our fathers worshiped stocks and stones. Milton.

3. To honor with extravagant love and extreme submission, as a lover; to adore; to idolize. With bended knees I daily worship her. Carew.

Syn. -- To adore; revere; reverence; bow to; honor.

WORSHIP Wor"ship, v. i.

Defn: To perform acts of homage or adoration; esp., to perform religious service. Our fathers worshiped in this mountain; and ye say that in Jerusalem is the place where men ought to worship. John iv. 20. Was it for this I have loved . . . and worshiped in silence Longfellow.

WORSHIPABILITY Wor`ship*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being worthy to be worshiped. [R.] Coleridge.

WORSHIPABLE Wor"ship*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being worshiped; worthy of worship. [R.] Carlyle.

WORSHIPER Wor"ship*er, n.

Defn: One who worships; one who pays divine honors to any being or thing; one who adores. [Written also worshipper.]

WORSHIPFUL Wor"ship*ful, a.

Defn: Entitled to worship, reverence, or high respect; claiming respect; worthy of honor; -- often used as a term of respect, sometimes ironically. "This is worshipful society." Shak. [She is] so dear and worshipful. Chaucer. -- Wor"ship*ful*ly, adv. -- Wor"ship*ful*ness, n.

WORST Worst, a., superl. of Bad. Etym: [OE. werst, worste, wurste, AS. wyrst, wierst, wierrest. See Worse, a.]

Defn: Bad, evil, or pernicious, in the highest degree, whether in a physical or moral sense. See Worse. "Heard so oft in worst extremes." Milton. I have a wife, the worst that may be. Chaucer. If thou hadst not been born the worst of men, Thou hadst been a knave and flatterer. Shak.

WORST Worst, n.

Defn: That which is most bad or evil; the most severe, pernicious, calamitous, or wicked state or degree. The worst is not So long as we can say, This is the worst. Shak. He is always sure of finding diversion when the worst comes to the worst. Addison.

WORST Worst, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Worsted; p. pr. & vb. n. Worsting.] Etym: [See Worse, v. t. & a.]

Defn: To gain advantage over, in contest or competition; to get the better of; to defeat; to overthrow; to discomfit. The . . . Philistines were worsted by the captivated ark. South.

WORST Worst, v. i.

Defn: To grow worse; to deteriorate. [R.] "Every face . . . worsting." Jane Austen.

WORSTED Worst"ed, n. Etym: [From Worsted, now spelled Worstead, a town in Norfolk, England; for Worthstead. See Worth, n., and Stead.]

1. Well-twisted yarn spun of long-staple wool which has been combed to lay the fibers parallel, used for carpets, cloth, hosiery, gloves, and the like.

2. Fine and soft woolen yarn, untwisted or lightly twisted, used in knitting and embroidery.

WORT Wort, n. Etym: [OE. wort, wurt, AS. wyrt herb, root; akin to OS. wurt, G. wurz, Icel. jurt, urt, Dan. urt, Sw. ört, Goth. waúrts a root, L. radix, Gr. root, n. Cf. Licorice, Orchard, Radish, Root, n., Whortleberry, Wort an infusion of malt.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of any kind.

Note: This word is now chiefly used in combination, as in colewort, figwort, St. John's-wort, woundwort, etc.

2. pl.

Defn: Cabbages.

WORT Wort, n. Etym: [OE. worte, wurte, AS. wyrte; akin to OD. wort, G. würze, bierwürze, Icel. virtr, Sw. vört. See Wort an herb.]

Defn: An infusion of malt which is unfermented, or is in the act of fermentation; the sweet infusion of malt, which ferments and forms beer; hence, any similar liquid in a state of incipient fermentation.

Note: Wort consists essentially of a dilute solution of sugar, which by fermentation produces alcohol and carbon dioxide.

WORTH Worth, v. i. Etym: [OE. worthen, wurÞen, to become, AS. weorthan; akin to OS. werthan, D. worden, G. werden, OHG. werdan, Icel. vertha, Sw. varda, Goth. waírpan, L. vertere to turn, Skr. vrt, v. i., to turn, to roll, to become. *143. Cf. Verse, -ward, Weird.]

Defn: To be; to become; to betide; -- now used only in the phrases, woe worth the day, woe worth the man, etc., in which the verb is in the imperative, and the nouns day, man, etc., are in the dative. Woe be to the day, woe be to the man, etc., are equivalent phrases. I counsel . . . to let the cat worthe. Piers Plowman. He worth upon [got upon] his steed gray. Chaucer.

WORTH Worth, a. Etym: [OE. worth, wurÞ, AS. weorth, wurE; akin to OFries. werth, OS. werth, D. waard, OHG. werd, G. wert, werth, Icel. verthr, Sw. värd, Dan. værd, Goth. waírps, and perhaps to E. wary. Cf. Stalwart, Ware an article of merchandise, Worship.]

1. Valuable; of worthy; estimable; also, worth while. [Obs.] It was not worth to make it wise. Chaucer.

2. Equal in value to; furnishing an equivalent for; proper to be exchanged for. A ring he hath of mine worth forty ducats. Shak. All our doings without charity are nothing worth. Bk. of Com. Prayer. If your arguments produce no conviction, they are worth nothing to me. Beattie.

3. Deserving of; -- in a good or bad sense, but chiefly in a good sense. To reign is worth ambition, though in hell. Milton. This is life indeed, life worth preserving. Addison.

4. Having possessions equal to; having wealth or estate to the value of. At Geneva are merchants reckoned worth twenty hundred crowns. Addison. Worth while, or Worth the while. See under While, n.

WORTH Worth, n. Etym: [OE. worth, wurÞ, AS. weorth, wurth; weorth, wurth, adj. See Worth, a.]

1. That quality of a thing which renders it valuable or useful; sum of valuable qualities which render anything useful and sought; value; hence, often, value as expressed in a standard, as money; equivalent in exchange; price. What 's worth in anything But so much money as 't will bring Hudibras.

2. Value in respect of moral or personal qualities; excellence; virtue; eminence; desert; merit; usefulness; as, a man or magistrate of great worth. To be of worth, and worthy estimation. Shak. As none but she, who in that court did dwell, Could know such worth, or worth describe so well. Waller. To think how modest worth neglected lies. Shenstone.

Syn. -- Desert; merit; excellence; price; rate.

WORTHFUL Worth"ful, a.

Defn: Full of worth; worthy; deserving. Marston.

WORTHILY Wor"thi*ly, adv.

Defn: In a worthy manner; excellently; deservedly; according to merit; justly; suitably; becomingly. You worthily succeed not only to the honors of your ancestors, but also to their virtues. Dryden. Some may very worthily deserve to be hated. South.

WORTHINESS Wor"thi*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being worthy; desert; merit; excellence; dignity; virtue; worth. Who is sure he hath a soul, unless It see, and judge, and follow worthiness Donne. She is not worthy to be loved that hath not some feeling of her own worthiness. Sir P. Sidney. The prayers which our Savior made were for his own worthiness accepted. Hooker.

WORTHLESS Worth"less, a. Etym: [AS. weorthleás.]

Defn: Destitute of worth; having no value, virtue, excellence, dignity, or the like; undeserving; valueless; useless; vile; mean; as, a worthless garment; a worthless ship; a worthless man or woman; a worthless magistrate. 'T is a worthless world to win or lose. Byron. -- Worth"less*ly, adv. -- Worth"less*ness, n.

WORTHWHILE worthwhile, adj.

Defn: Worth the time or effort spent. See worth while. worthy. -- worthwhileness.

WORTHY Wor"thy, a. [Compar. Worthier (; superl. Worthiest.] Etym: [OE. worthi, wurÞi, from worth, wurÞ, n.; cf. Icel. verthugr, D. waardig, G. würdig, OHG. wirdig. See Worth, n.]

1. Having worth or excellence; possessing merit; valuable; deserving; estimable; excellent; virtuous. Full worthy was he in his lordes war. Chaucer. These banished men that I have kept withal Are men endued with worthy qualities. Shak. Happier thou mayst be, worthier canst not be. Milton. This worthy mind should worthy things embrace. Sir J. Davies.

2. Having suitable, adapted, or equivalent qualities or value; -- usually with of before the thing compared or the object; more rarely, with a following infinitive instead of of, or with that; as, worthy of, equal in excellence, value, or dignity to; entitled to; meriting; -- usually in a good sense, but sometimes in a bad one. No, Warwick, thou art worthy of the sway. Shak. The merciless Macdonwald, Worthy to be a rebel. Shak. Whose shoes I am not worthy to bear. Matt. iii. 11. And thou art worthy that thou shouldst not know More happiness. Milton. The lodging is well worthy of the guest. Dryden.

3. Of high station; of high social position. [Obs.] Worthy women of the town. Chaucer. Worthiest of blood (Eng. Law of Descent), most worthy of those of the same blood to succeed or inherit; -- applied to males, and expressive of the preference given them over females. Burrill.

WORTHY Wor"thy, n.; pl. Worthies (.

Defn: A man of eminent worth or value; one distinguished for useful and estimable qualities; a person of conspicuous desert; -- much used in the plural; as, the worthies of the church; political worthies; military worthies. The blood of ancient worthies in his veins. Cowper.

WORTHY Wor"thy, v. t.

Defn: To render worthy; to exalt into a hero. [Obs.] Shak.

WOST Wost,

Defn: 2d pers. sing. pres. of Wit, to know. [Obs.] Spenser.

WOT Wot,

Defn: 1st & 3d pers. sing. pres. of Wit, to know. See the Note under Wit, v. [Obs.] Brethren, I wot that through ignorance ye did it. Acts iii. 17.

WOTEST; WOTTEST Wot"est, Wot"test,

Defn: 2d pers. sing. pres. of Wit, to know. [Obs.]

WOTETH; WOTTETH Wot"eth, Wot"teth,

Defn: 3d pers. sing. pres. of Wit, to know. [Obs.] "He wotteth neither what he babbleth, nor what he meaneth." Tyndale.

WOUL Woul, v. i.

Defn: To howl. [Obs.] Wyclif.

WOULD Would, imp. of Will. Etym: [OE. & AS. wolde. See Will, v. t.]

Defn: Commonly used as an auxiliary verb, either in the past tense or in the conditional or optative present. See 2d & 3d Will.

Note: Would was formerly used also as the past participle of Will. Right as our Lord hath would. Chaucer.

WOULD Would, n.

Defn: See 2d Weld.

WOULD-BE Would"-be

Defn: ' (as, a would-be poet.

WOULDING Would"ing, n.

Defn: Emotion of desire; inclination; velleity. [Obs.] Hammond.

WOULDINGNESS Would"ing*ness, n.

Defn: Willingness; desire. [Obs.]

WOULFE BOTTLE Woulfe" bot`tle, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A kind of wash bottle with two or three necks; -- so called after the inventor, Peter Woulfe, an English chemist.

WOUND Wound,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Wind to twist, and Wind to sound by blowing.

WOUND Wound, n. Etym: [OE. wounde, wunde, AS. wund; akin to OFries. wunde, OS. wunda, D. wonde, OHG. wunta, G. wunde, Icel. und, and to AS., OS., & G. wund sore, wounded, OHG. wunt, Goth. wunds, and perhaps also to Goth. winnan to suffer, E. win. *140. Cf. Zounds.]

1. A hurt or injury caused by violence; specifically, a breach of the skin and flesh of an animal, or in the substance of any creature or living thing; a cut, stab, rent, or the like. Chaucer. Showers of blood Rained from the wounds of slaughtered Englishmen. Shak.

2. Fig.: An injury, hurt, damage, detriment, or the like, to feeling, faculty, reputation, etc.

3. (Criminal Law)

Defn: An injury to the person by which the skin is divided, or its continuity broken; a lesion of the body, involving some solution of continuity.

Note: Walker condemns the pronunciation woond as a "capricious novelty." It is certainly opposed to an important principle of our language, namely, that the Old English long sound written ou, and pronounced like French ou or modern English oo, has regularly changed, when accented, into the diphthongal sound usually written with the same letters ou in modern English, as in ground, hound, round, sound. The use of ou in Old English to represent the sound of modern English oo was borrowed from the French, and replaced the older and Anglo-Saxon spelling with u. It makes no difference whether the word was taken from the French or not, provided it is old enough in English to have suffered this change to what is now the common sound of ou; but words taken from the French at a later time, or influenced by French, may have the French sound. Wound gall (Zoöl.), an elongated swollen or tuberous gall on the branches of the grapevine, caused by a small reddish brown weevil (Ampeloglypter sesostris) whose larvæ inhabit the galls.

WOUND Wound, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Wounding.] Etym: [AS. wundian. *140. See Wound, n.]

1. To hurt by violence; to produce a breach, or separation of parts, in, as by a cut, stab, blow, or the like. The archers hit him; and he was sore wounded of the archers. 1 Sam. xxxi. 3.

2. To hurt the feelings of; to pain by disrespect, ingratitude, or the like; to cause injury to. When ye sin so against the brethren, and wound their weak conscience, ye sin against Christ. 1 Cor. viii. 12.

WOUNDABLE Wound"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being wounded; vulnerable. [R.] Fuller.

WOUNDER Wound"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, wounds.

WOUNDILY Wound"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a woundy manner; excessively; woundy. [Obs.]

WOUNDLESS Wound"less, a.

Defn: Free from wound or hurt; exempt from being wounded; invulnerable. "Knights whose woundless armor rusts." Spenser. [Slander] may miss our name, And hit the woundless air. Shak.

WOUNDWORT Wound"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of certain plants whose soft, downy leaves have been used for dressing wounds, as the kidney vetch, and several species of the labiate genus Stachys.

WOUNDY Wound"y, a.

Defn: Excessive. [Obs.] Such a world of holidays, that 't a woundy hindrance to a poor man that lives by his labor. L'Estrange.

WOUNDY Wound"y, adv.

Defn: Excessively; extremely. [Obs.] A am woundy cold. Ford.

WOURALI Wou"ra*li, n.

Defn: Same as Curare.

WOU-WOU Wou"-wou`, n. Etym: [So called from its cry.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The agile, or silvery, gibbon; -- called also camper. See Gibbon. [Written also wow-wow.]

WOVE Wove,

Defn: p. pr. & rare vb. n. of Weave.

WOVEN Wov"en,

Defn: p. p. of Weave. Woven paper, or Wove paper, writing paper having an even, uniform surface, without watermarks.

WOWE Wowe, v. t. & i.

Defn: To woo. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WOWF Wowf, a.

Defn: Disordered or unsettled in intellect; deranged. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

WOWKE Wowke, n.

Defn: Week. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WOW-WOW Wow"-wow", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Wou-wou.

WOX Wox, obs.

Defn: imp. of Wax. Gower.

WOXEN Wox"en, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Wax. Chaucer.

WRACK Wrack, n.

Defn: A thin, flying cloud; a rack.

WRACK Wrack, v. t.

Defn: To rack; to torment. [R.]

WRACK Wrack, n. Etym: [OE. wrak wreck. See Wreck.]

1. Wreck; ruin; destruction. [Obs.] Chaucer. "A world devote to universal wrack." Milton. wrack and ruin

2. Any marine vegetation cast up on the shore, especially plants of the genera Fucus, Laminaria, and Zostera, which are most abundant on northern shores.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Coarse seaweed of any kind. Wrack grass, or Grass wrack (Bot.), eelgrass.

WRACK Wrack, v. t.

Defn: To wreck. [Obs.] Dryden.

WRACKFUL Wrack"ful, a.

Defn: Ruinous; destructive. [Obs.]

WRAIN-BOLT Wrain"-bolt`, n.

Defn: Same as Wringbolt.

WRAITH Wraith, n. Etym: [Scot. wraith, warth; probably originally, a guardian angel, from Icel. vörthr a warden, guardian, akin to E. ward. See Ward a guard.]

1. An apparition of a person in his exact likeness, seen before death, or a little after; hence, an apparition; a specter; a vision; an unreal image. [Scot.] She was uncertain if it were the gypsy or her wraith. Sir W. Scott. O, hollow wraith of dying fame. Tennyson.

2. Sometimes, improperly, a spirit thought to preside over the waters; -- called also water wraith. M. G. Lewis.

WRANGLE Wran"gle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wrangled; p. pr. & vb. n. Wrangling.] Etym: [OE. wranglen to wrestle. See Wrong, Wring.]

1. To argue; to debate; to dispute. [Obs.]

2. To dispute angrily; to quarrel peevishly and noisily; to brawl; to altercate. "In spite of occasional wranglings." Macaulay. For a score of kingdoms you should wrangle. Shak. He did not know what it was to wrangle on indifferent points. Addison.

WRANGLE Wran"gle, v. t.

Defn: To involve in a quarrel or dispute; to embroil. [R.] Bp. Sanderson.

WRANGLE Wran"gle, n.

Defn: An angry dispute; a noisy quarrel; a squabble; an altercation.

Syn. -- Altercation; bickering; brawl; jar; jangle; contest; controversy. See Altercation.

WRANGLER Wran"gler, n.

1. An angry disputant; one who disputes with heat or peevishness. "Noisy and contentious wranglers." I. Watts.

2. One of those who stand in the first rank of honors in the University of Cambridge, England. They are called, according to their rank, senior wrangler, second wrangler, third wrangler, etc. Cf. Optime.

WRANGLERSHIP Wran"gler*ship, n.

Defn: The honor or position of being a wrangler at the University of Cambridge, England.

WRANGLESOME Wran"gle*some, a.

Defn: Contentious; quarrelsome. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

WRANNOCK; WRANNY Wran"nock, Wran"ny, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common wren. [Prov. Eng.]

WRAP Wrap, v. t. Etym: [A corrupt spelling of rap.]

Defn: To snatch up; transport; -- chiefly used in the p. p. wrapt. Lo! where the stripling, wrapt in wonder, roves. Beattie.

WRAP Wrap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wrapped or Wrapt; p. pr. & vb. n. Wrapping.] Etym: [OE. wrappen, probably akin to E. warp. *144. Cf. Warp.]

1. To wind or fold together; to arrange in folds. Then cometh Simon Peter, . . . and seeth . . . the napkin that was about his head, not lying with the linen clothes, but wrapped together in a place by itself. John xx. 6, 7. Like one that wraps the drapery of his couch About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams. Bryant.

2. To cover by winding or folding; to envelop completely; to involve; to infold; -- often with up. I . . . wrapt in mist Of midnight vapor, glide obscure. Milton.

3. To conceal by enveloping or infolding; to hide; hence, to involve, as an effect or consequence; to be followed by. Wise poets that wrap truth in tales. Carew. To be wrapped up in, to be wholly engrossed in; to be entirely dependent on; to be covered with. Leontine's young wife, in whom all his happiness was wrapped up, died in a few days after the death of her daughter. Addison. Things reflected on in gross and transiently . . . are thought to be wrapped up in impenetrable obscurity. Locke.

WRAP Wrap, n.

Defn: A wrapper; -- often used in the plural for blankets, furs, shawls, etc., used in riding or traveling.

WRAPPAGE Wrap"page (; 48), n.

1. The act of wrapping.

2. That which wraps; envelope; covering.

WRAPPER Wrap"per, n.

1. One who, or that which, wraps.

2. That in which anything is wrapped, or inclosed; envelope; covering.

3. Specifically, a loose outer garment; an article of dress intended to be wrapped round the person; as, a morning wrapper; a gentleman's wrapper.

WRAPRASCAL Wrap"ras`cal, n.

Defn: A kind of coarse upper coat, or overcoat, formerly worn.

WRASSE Wrasse, n. Etym: [W. gwrachen.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous edible, marine, spiny-finned fishes of the genus Labrus, of which several species are found in the Mediterranean and on the Atlantic coast of Europe. Many of the species are bright- colored.

Note: Among the European species are the ballan wrasse (Labrus maculatus), the streaked wrasse (L. lineatus), the red wrasse (L. mixtus), the comber wrasse (L. comber), the blue-striped, or cook, wrasse (see Peacock fish, under Peacock), the rainbow wrasse (L. vulgaris), and the seawife.

WRASTLE Wras"tle, v. i. Etym: [OE. wrastlen. See Wrestle.]

Defn: To wrestle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.] Who wrastleth best naked, with oil enoint. Chaucer.

WRATH Wrath, n. Etym: [OE. wrathe, wraÞ\'ede, wrethe, wræ\'ebthe, AS. wræ\'ebtho, fr. wra\'eb wroth; akin to Icel. reithi wrath. See Wroth, a.]

1. Violent anger; vehement exasperation; indignation; rage; fury; ire. Wrath is a fire, and jealousy a weed. Spenser. When the wrath of king Ahasuerus was appeased. Esther ii. 1. Now smoking and frothing Its tumult and wrath in. Southey.

2. The effects of anger or indignation; the just punishment of an offense or a crime. "A revenger to execute wrath upon him that doeth evil." Rom. xiii. 4.

Syn. -- Anger; fury; rage; ire; vengeance; indignation; resentment; passion. See Anger.

WRATH Wrath, a.

Defn: See Wroth. [Obs.]

WRATH Wrath, v. t.

Defn: To anger; to enrage; -- also used impersonally. [Obs.] "I will not wrathen him." Chaucer. If him wratheth, be ywar and his way shun. Piers Plowman.

WRATHFUL Wrath"ful, a.

1. Full of wrath; very angry; greatly incensed; ireful; passionate; as, a wrathful man.

2. Springing from, or expressing, wrath; as, a wrathful countenance. "Wrathful passions." Sprat.

Syn. -- Furious; raging; indignant; resentful. -- Wrath"ful*ly, adv. -- Wrath"ful*ness, n.

WRATHILY Wrath"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a wrathy manner; very angrily; wrathfully. [Colloq.]

WRATHLESS Wrath"less, a.

Defn: Free from anger or wrath. Waller.

WRATHY Wrath"y, a.

Defn: Very angry. [Colloq.]

WRAW Wraw, a. Etym: [Cf. dial. Sw. vrå willful, disobedient.]

Defn: Angry; vexed; wrathful. [Obs.] With this speech the cock wex wroth and wraw. Chaucer.

WRAWFUL Wraw"ful, a.

Defn: Ill-tempered. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WRAWL Wrawl, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Dan. vraale, Sw. vråla to brawl, to roar, Dan. vraal a bawling, roaring, vræle to cry, weep, whine.]

Defn: To cry, as a cat; to waul. [Obs.] Spenser.

WRAWNESS Wraw"ness, n.

Defn: Peevishness; ill temper; anger. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WRAY Wray, v. t. Etym: [AS. wr to accuse. See Bewray.]

Defn: To reveal; to disclose. [Obs.] To no wight thou shalt this counsel wray. Chaucer.

WREAK Wreak, v. i.

Defn: To reck; to care. [Obs.] Shak.

WREAK Wreak, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wreaked; p. pr. & vb. n. Wreaking.] Etym: [OE. wrek to revenge, punish, drive out, AS. wrecan; akin to OFries. wreka, OS. wrekan to punish, D. wreken to avenge, G. rächen, OHG. rehhan, Icel. reka to drive, to take vengeance, Goth. wrikan to persecute, Lith. vargas distress, vargti to suffer distress, L. urgere to drive, urge, Gr. Urge, Wreck, Wretch.]

1. To revenge; to avenge. [Archaic] He should wreake him on his foes. Chaucer. Another's wrongs to wreak upon thyself. Spenser. Come wreak his loss, whom bootless ye complain. Fairfax.

2. To execute in vengeance or passion; to inflict; to hurl or drive; as, to wreak vengeance on an enemy. On me let Death wreak all his rage. Milton. Now was the time to be avenged on his old enemy, to wreak a grudge of seventeen years. Macaulay. But gather all thy powers, And wreak them on the verse that thou dost weave. Bryant.

WREAK Wreak, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. wræc exile, persecution, misery. See Wreak, v. t.]

Defn: Revenge; vengeance; furious passion; resentment. [Obs.] Shak. Spenser.

WREAKEN Wreak"en, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Wreak. Chaucer.

WREAKER Wreak"er, n. Etym: [See Wreak.]

Defn: Avenger. [Obs.] The stork, the wrekere of avouterye [adultery]. Chaucer.

WREAKFUL Wreak"ful, a.

Defn: Revengeful; angry; furious. [Obs.] -- Wreak"ful*ly, adv. [Obs.]

WREAKLESS Wreak"less, a.

Defn: Unrevengeful; weak. [Obs.]

WREATH Wreath, n.; pl. Wreaths. Etym: [OE. wrethe, AS. wræedh a twisted band, fr. wriedhan to twist. See Writhe.]

1. Something twisted, intertwined, or curled; as, a wreath of smoke; a wreath of flowers. "A wrethe of gold." Chaucer. [He] of his tortuous train Curled many a wanton wreath. Milton.

2. A garland; a chaplet, esp. one given to a victor. Conquest doth grant He dear wreath to the Grecian combatant. Chapman. Far back in the ages, The plow with wreaths was crowned. Bryant.

3. (Her.)

Defn: An appendage to the shield, placed above it, and supporting the crest (see Illust. of Crest). It generally represents a twist of two cords of silk, one tinctured like the principal metal, the other like the principal color in the arms.

WREATHE Wreathe, v. t. [imp. Wreathed; p. p. Wreathed; Archaic Wreathen; p. pr. & vb. n. Wreathing.] Etym: [See Wreath, n.] [Written also wreath.]

1. To cause to revolve or writhe; to twist about; to turn. [Obs.] And from so heavy sight his head did wreathe. Spenser.

2. To twist; to convolve; to wind one about another; to entwine. The nods and smiles of recognition into which this singular physiognomy was wreathed. Sir W. Scott. From his slack hand the garland wreathed for Eve Down dropped. Milton.

3. To surround with anything twisted or convolved; to encircle; to infold. Each wreathed in the other's arms. Shak. Dusk faces with withe silken turbants wreathed. Milton. And with thy winding ivy wreathes her lance. Dryden.

4. To twine or twist about; to surround; to encircle. In the flowers that wreathe the sparkling bowl, Fell adders hiss. Prior.

WREATHE Wreathe, v. i.

Defn: To be intewoven or entwined; to twine together; as, a bower of wreathing trees. Dryden.

WREATHEN Wreath"en, a.

Defn: Twisted; made into a wreath. "Wreathen work of pure gold." Ex. xxviii. 22.

WREATHLESS Wreath"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a wreath.

WREATH-SHELL Wreath"-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine shell of the genus Turbo. See Turbo.

WREATHY Wreath"y, a.

Defn: Wreathed; twisted; curled; spiral; also, full of wreaths. "Wreathy spires, and cochleary turnings about." Sir T. Browne.

WRECCHE Wrec"che, n.

Defn: A wretch. [Obs.]

WRECCHE Wrec"che, a.

Defn: Wretched. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WRECHE Wreche, n.

Defn: Wreak. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WRECK Wreck, v. t. & n.

Defn: See 2d & 3d Wreak.

WRECK Wreck, n. Etym: [OE. wrak, AS. wræc exile, persecution, misery, from wrecan to drive out, punish; akin to D. wrak, adj., damaged, brittle, n., a wreck, wraken to reject, throw off, Icel. rek a thing drifted ashore, Sw. vrak refuse, a wreck, Dan. vrag. See Wreak, v. t., and cf. Wrack a marine plant.] [Written also wrack.]

1. The destruction or injury of a vessel by being cast on shore, or on rocks, or by being disabled or sunk by the force of winds or waves; shipwreck. Hard and obstinate As is a rock amidst the raging floods, 'Gainst which a ship, of succor desolate, Doth suffer wreck, both of herself and goods. Spenser.

2. Destruction or injury of anything, especially by violence; ruin; as, the wreck of a railroad train. The wreck of matter and the crush of worlds. Addison. Its intellectual life was thus able to go on amidst the wreck of its political life. J. R. Green.

3. The ruins of a ship stranded; a ship dashed against rocks or land, and broken, or otherwise rendered useless, by violence and fracture; as, they burned the wreck.

4. The remain of anything ruined or fatally injured. To the fair haven of my native home, The wreck of what I was, fatigued I come. Cowper.

5. (Law)

Defn: Goods, etc., which, after a shipwreck, are cast upon the land by the sea. Bouvier.

WRECK Wreck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wrecked; p. pr. & vb. n. Wrecking.]

1. To destroy, disable, or seriously damage, as a vessel, by driving it against the shore or on rocks, by causing it to become unseaworthy, to founder, or the like; to shipwreck. Supposing that they saw the king's ship wrecked. Shak.

2. To bring wreck or ruin upon by any kind of violence; to destroy, as a railroad train.

3. To involve in a wreck; hence, to cause to suffer ruin; to balk of success, and bring disaster on. Weak and envied, if they should conspire, They wreck themselves. Daniel.

WRECK Wreck, v. i.

1. To suffer wreck or ruin. Milton.

2. To work upon a wreck, as in saving property or lives, or in plundering.

WRECKAGE Wreck"age (; 48), n.

1. The act of wrecking, or state of being wrecked.

2. That which has been wrecked; remains of a wreck.

WRECKER Wreck"er, n.

1. One who causes a wreck, as by false lights, and the like.

2. One who searches fro, or works upon, the wrecks of vessels, etc. Specifically: (a) One who visits a wreck for the purpose of plunder. (b) One who is employed in saving property or lives from a wrecked vessel, or in saving the vessel; as, the wreckers of Key West.

3. A vessel employed by wreckers.

WRECKFISH Wreck"fish`, n. Etym: [So called because it often comes in with wreckage.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A stone bass.

WRECKFUL Wreck"ful, a.

Defn: Causing wreck; involving ruin; destructive. "By wreckful wind." Spenser.

WRECKING Wreck"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Wreck, v. Wrecking car (Railway), a car fitted up with apparatus and implements for removing the wreck occasioned by an accident, as by a collision. -- Wrecking pump, a pump especially adapted for pumping water from the hull of a wrecked vessel.

WRECK-MASTER Wreck"-mas`ter, n.

Defn: A person appointed by law to take charge of goods, etc., thrown on shore after a shipwreck.

WREKE; WREEKE Wreke, Wreeke, v. t.

Defn: See 2d Wreak. [Obs.]

WREN Wren, n. Etym: [OE. wrenne, AS. wrenna, wrænna, perhaps akin to wr lascivious.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small singing birds belonging to Troglodytes and numerous allied of the family Troglodytidæ.

Note: Among the species best known are the house wren (Troglodytes aëdon) common in both Europe and America, and the American winter wren (T. hiemalis). See also Cactus wren, Marsh wren, and Rock wren, under Cactus, Marsh, and Rock.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small singing birds more or less resembling the true wrens in size and habits.

Note: Among these are several species of European warblers; as, the reed wren (see Reed warbler (a), under Reed), the sedge wren (see Sedge warbler, under Sedge), the willow wren (see Willow warbler, under Willow), the golden-crested wren, and the ruby-crowned wren (see Kinglet). Ant wren, any one of numerous South American birds of the family Formicaridæ, allied to the ant thrushes. -- Blue wren, a small Australian singing bird (Malurus cyaneus), the male of which in the breeding season is bright blue. Called also superb warbler. -- Emu wren. See in the Vocabulary. -- Wren babbler, any one of numerous species of small timaline birds belonging to Alcippe, Stachyris, Timalia, and several allied genera. These birds are common in Southern Asia and the East Indies. -- Wren tit. See Ground wren, under Ground. -- Wren warbler, any one of several species of small Asiatic and African singing birds belonging to Prinia and allied genera. These birds are closely allied to the tailor birds, and build their nests in a similar manner. See also Pincpinc.

WRENCH Wrench, n. Etym: [OE. wrench deceit, AS. wrenc deceit, a twisting; akin to G. rank intrigue, crookedness, renken to bend, twist, and E. wring. Wring, and cf. Ranch, v. t.]

1. Trick; deceit; fraud; stratagem. [Obs.] His wily wrenches thou ne mayst not flee. Chaucer.

2. A violent twist, or a pull with twisting. He wringeth them such a wrench. Skelton. The injurious effect upon biographic literature of all such wrenches to the truth, is diffused everywhere. De Quincey.

3. A sprain; an injury by twisting, as in a joint.

4. Means; contrivance. [Obs.] Bacon.

5. An instrument, often a simple bar or lever with jaws or an angular orifice either at the end or between the ends, for exerting a twisting strain, as in turning bolts, nuts, screw taps, etc.; a screw key. Many wrenches have adjustable jaws for grasping nuts, etc., of different sizes.

6. (Mech.)

Defn: The system made up of a force and a couple of forces in a plane perpendicular to that force. Any number of forces acting at any points upon a rigid body may be compounded so as to be equivalent to a wrench. Carriage wrench, a wrench adapted for removing or tightening the nuts that confine the wheels on the axles, or for turning the other nuts or bolts of a carriage or wagon. -- Monkey wrench. See under Monkey. -- Wrench hammer, a wrench with the end shaped so as to admit of being used as a hammer.

WRENCH Wrench, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wrenched; p. pr. & vb. n. Wrenching.] Etym: [OE. wrenchen, AS. wrencan to deceive, properly, to twist, from wrenc guile, deceit, a twisting. Wrench, n.]

1. To pull with a twist; to wrest, twist, or force by violence. Wrench his sword from him. Shak. Forthwith this frame of mine was wrenched With a woeful agony. Coleridge.

2. To strain; to sprain; hence, to distort; to pervert. You wrenched your foot against a stone. Swift.

WREST Wrest, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wrested; p. pr. & vb. n. Wresting.] Etym: [OE. wresten, AS. wr; akin to wr a twisted band, and wri to twist. See Writhe.]

1. To turn; to twist; esp., to twist or extort by violence; to pull of force away by, or as if by, violent wringing or twisting. "The secret wrested from me." Milton. Our country's cause, That drew our swords, now secret wrests them from our hand. Addison. They instantly wrested the government out of the hands of Hastings. Macaulay.

2. To turn from truth; to twist from its natural or proper use or meaning by violence; to pervert; to distort. Wrest once the law to your authority. Shak. Thou shalt not wrest the judgment of thy poor. Ex. xxiii. 6. Their arts of wresting, corrupting, and false interpreting the holy text. South.

3. To tune with a wrest, or key. [Obs.]

WREST Wrest, n.

1. The act of wresting; a wrench; a violent twist; hence, distortion; perversion. Hooker.

2. Active or moving power. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. A key to tune a stringed instrument of music. The minstrel . . . wore round his neck a silver chain, by which hung the wrest, or key, with which he tuned his harp. Sir W. Scott.

4. A partition in a water wheel, by which the form of the buckets is determined. Wrest pin (Piano Manuf.), one of the pins around which the ends of the wires are wound in a piano. Knight. -- Wrest plank (Piano Manuf.), the part in which the wrest pins are inserted.

WRESTER Wrest"er, n.

Defn: One who wrests.

WRESTLE Wres"tle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wrestled; p. pr. & vb. n. Wrestling.] Etym: [OE. wrestlen, wrastlen, AS. wr, freq. of wr to wrest; akin to OD. wrastelen to wrestle. See Wrest, v. t.]

1. To contend, by grappling with, and striving to trip or throw down, an opponent; as, they wrestled skillfully. To-morrow, sir, I wrestle for my credit, and he that escapes me without some broken limb shall acquit him well. Shak. Another, by a fall in wrestling, started the end of the clavicle from the sternum. Wiseman.

2. Hence, to struggle; to strive earnestly; to contend. Come, wrestle with thy affections. Shak. We wrestle not against flesh and blood. Eph. vi. 12. Difficulties with which he had himself wrestled. M. Arnold.

WRESTLE Wres"tle, v. t.

Defn: To wrestle with; to seek to throw down as in wrestling.

WRESTLE Wres"tle, n.

Defn: A struggle between two persons to see which will throw the other down; a bout at wrestling; a wrestling match; a struggle. Whom in a wrestle the giant catching aloft, with a terrible hug broke three of his ribs. Milton.

WRESTLER Wres"tler, n. Etym: [AS. wræstlere.]

Defn: One who wrestles; one who is skillful in wrestling.

WRESTLING Wres"tling, n.

Defn: Act of one who wrestles; specif., the sport consisting of the hand-to-hand combat between two unarmed contestants who seek to throw each other. The various styles of wrestling differ in their definition of a fall and in the governing rules. In Greco-Roman wrestling, tripping and taking hold of the legs are forbidden, and a fall is gained (that is, the bout is won), by the contestant who pins both his opponent's shoulders to the ground. In catch-as-catch-can wrestling, all holds are permitted except such as may be barred by mutual consent, and a fall is defined as in Greco-Roman style. Lancashire style wrestling is essentially the same as catch-as-catch- can. In Cumberland and Westmorland wrestling the contestants stand chest to chest, grasping each other around the body. The one first losing his hold, or touching the ground with any part of his body except his feet, loses the bout. If both fall to the ground at the same time, it is a dogfall, and must be wrestled over. In the Cornwall and Devon wrestling, the wrestlers complete in strong loose linen jackets, catching hold of the jacket, or anywhere above the waist. Two shoulders and one hip, or two hips and one shoulder, must touch the ground to constitute a fall, and if a man is thrown otherwise than on his back the contestants get upon their feet and the bout recommences.

WRETCH Wretch, n. Etym: [OE. wrecche, AS. wrecca, wræcca, an exile, a wretch, fr. wrecan to drive out, punish; properly, an exile, one driven out, akin to AS. wræc an exile, OS. wrekkio a stranger, OHG. reccheo an exile. See Wreak, v. t.]

1. A miserable person; one profoundly unhappy. "The wretch that lies in woe." Shak. Hovered thy spirit o'er thy sorrowing son, Wretch even then, life's journey just begun Cowper.

2. One sunk in vice or degradation; a base, despicable person; a vile knave; as, a profligate wretch.

Note: Wretch is sometimes used by way of slight or ironical pity or contempt, and sometimes to express tenderness; as we say, poor thing. "Poor wretch was never frighted so." Drayton.

WRETCHED Wretch"ed, a.

1. Very miserable; sunk in, or accompanied by, deep affliction or distress, as from want, anxiety, or grief; calamitous; woeful; very afflicting. "To what wretched state reserved!" Milton. O cruel! Death! to those you are more kind Than to the wretched mortals left behind. Waller. The wretched refuse of your teeming shore . . .

2. Worthless; paltry; very poor or mean; miserable; as, a wretched poem; a wretched cabin.

3. Hatefully contemptible; despicable; wicked. [Obs.] "Wretched ungratefulness." Sir P. Sidney. Nero reigned after this Claudius, of all men wretchedest, ready to all manner [of] vices. Capgrave.

WRETCHEDLY Wretch"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a wretched manner; miserably; despicable.

WRETCHEDNESS Wretch"ed*ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being wretched; utter misery. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. A wretched object; anything despicably. [Obs.] Eat worms and such wretchedness. Chaucer.

WRETCHFUL Wretch"ful, a.

Defn: Wretched. [Obs.] Wyclif.

WRETCHLESS Wretch"less, a. Etym: [See Reckless.]

Defn: Reckless; hence, disregarded. [Obs.] -- Wretch"less*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Wretch"less*ness, n. [Obs.] Bk. of Com. Prayer. Your deaf ears should listen Unto the wretchless clamors of the poor. J. Webster.

WREY Wrey, v. t.

Defn: See Wray. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WRIE Wrie, a. & v.

Defn: See Wry. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WRIG Wrig, v. i.

Defn: To wriggle. [Obs.] Skelton.

WRIGGLE Wrig"gle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wriggled; p. pr. & vb. n. Wriggling.] Etym: [Freq. of wrig, probably from OE. wrikken to move to and fro; cf. LG. wriggeln, D. wrikken, Sw. vricka, Dan. vrikke.]

Defn: To move the body to and fro with short, writhing motions, like a worm; to squirm; to twist uneasily or quickly about. Both he and successors would often wriggle in their seats, as long as the cushion lasted. Swift.

WRIGGLE Wrig"gle, v. t.

Defn: To move with short, quick contortions; to move by twisting and squirming; like a worm. Covetousness will wriggle itself out at a small hole. Fuller. Wriggling his body to recover His seat, and cast his right leg over. Hudibras.

WRIGGLE Wrig"gle, a.

Defn: Wriggling; frisky; pliant; flexible. [Obs.] "Their wriggle tails." Spenser.

WRIGGLER Wrig"gler, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, wriggles. Cowper.

WRIGHT Wright, n. Etym: [OE. wrighte, writhe, AS. wyrtha, fr. wyrcean to work. sq. root145. See Work.]

Defn: One who is engaged in a mechanical or manufacturing business; an artificer; a workman; a manufacturer; a mechanic; esp., a worker in wood; -- now chiefly used in compounds, as in millwright, wheelwright, etc. He was a well good wright, a carpenter. Chaucer.

WRIGHTINE Wright"ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A rare alkaloid found in the bark of an East Indian apocynaceous tree (Wrightia antidysenterica), and extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance. It was formerly used as a remedy for diarrhoea. Called also conessine, and neriine.

WRING Wring, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wrung, Obs. Wringed (; p. pr. & vb. n. Wringing.] Etym: [OE. wringen, AS. wringan; akin to LG. & D. wringen, OHG. ringan to struggle, G. ringen, Sw. vränga to distort, Dan. vringle to twist. Cf. Wrangle, Wrench, Wrong.]

1. To twist and compress; to turn and strain with violence; to writhe; to squeeze hard; to pinch; as, to wring clothes in washing. "Earnestly wringing Waverley's hand." Sir W. Scott. "Wring him by the nose." Shak. [His steed] so sweat that men might him wring. Chaucer. The king began to find where his shoe did wring him. Bacon. The priest shall bring it [a dove] unto the altar, and wring off his head. Lev. i. 15.

2. Hence, to pain; to distress; to torment; to torture. Too much grieved and wrung by an uneasy and strait fortune. Clarendon. Didst thou taste but half the griefs That wring my soul, thou couldst not talk thus coldly. Addison.

3. To distort; to pervert; to wrest. How dare men thus wring the Scriptures Whitgift.

4. To extract or obtain by twisting and compressing; to squeeze or press (out); hence, to extort; to draw forth by violence, or against resistance or repugnance; -- usually with out or form. Your overkindness doth wring tears from me. Shak. He rose up early on the morrow, and thrust the fleece together, and wringed the dew out of the fleece. Judg. vi. 38.

5. To subject to extortion; to afflict, or oppress, in order to enforce compliance. To wring the widow from her 'customed right. Shak. The merchant adventures have been often wronged and wringed to the quick. Hayward.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: To bend or strain out of its position; as, to wring a mast.

WRING Wring, v. i.

Defn: To writhe; to twist, as with anguish. 'T is all men's office to speak patience To those that wring under the load of sorrow. Shak. Look where the sister of the king of France Sits wringing of her hands, and beats her breast. Marlowe.

WRING Wring, n.

Defn: A writhing, as in anguish; a twisting; a griping. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

WRINGBOLT Wring"bolt`, n. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A bolt used by shipwrights, to bend and secure the planks against the timbers till they are fastened by bolts, spikes, or treenails; -- not to be confounded with ringbolt.

WRINGER Wring"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, wrings; hence, an extortioner.

2. A machine for pressing water out of anything, particularly from clothes after they have been washed.

WRINGING Wring"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Wring, v. Wringing machine, a wringer. See Wringer, 2.

WRINGSTAFF Wring"staff`, n.; pl. Wringstaves (. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A strong piece of plank used in applying wringbolts.

WRINKLE Wrin"kle, n.

Defn: A winkle. [Local, U.S.]

WRINKLE Wrin"kle, n. Etym: [OE. wrinkil, AS. wrincle; akin to OD. wrinckel, and prob. to Dan. rynke, Sw. rynka, Icel. hrukka, OHG. runza, G. runzel, L. ruga.

1. A small ridge, prominence, or furrow formed by the shrinking or contraction of any smooth substance; a corrugation; a crease; a slight fold; as, wrinkle in the skin; a wrinkle in cloth. "The wrinkles in my brows." Shak. Within I do not find wrinkles and used heart, but unspent youth. Emerson.

2. hence, any roughness; unevenness. Not the least wrinkle to deform the sky. Dryden.

3. Etym: [Perhaps a different word, and a dim. AS. wrenc a twisting, deceit. Cf. Wrench, n.]

Defn: A notion or fancy; a whim; as, to have a new wrinkle. [Colloq.]

WRINKLE Wrin"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wrinkled; p. pr. & vb. n. Wrinkling.]

1. To contract into furrows and prominences; to make a wrinkle or wrinkles in; to corrugate; as, wrinkle the skin or the brow. "Sport that wrinkled Care derides." Milton. Her wrinkled form in black and white arrayed. Pope.

2. Hence, to make rough or uneven in any way. A keen north wind that, blowing dry, Wrinkled the face of deluge, as decayed. Milton. Then danced we on the wrinkled sand. Bryant. To wrinkle at, to sneer at. [Obs.] Marston.

WRINKLE Wrin"kle, v. i.

Defn: To shrink into furrows and ridges.

WRINKLY Wrin"kly, a.

Defn: Full of wrinkles; having a tendency to be wrinkled; corrugated; puckered. G. Eliot. His old wrinkly face grew quite blown out at last. Carlyle.

WRIST Wrist, n. Etym: [OE. wriste, wrist, AS. wrist; akin to OFries. wriust, LG. wrist, G. rist wrist, instep, Icel. rist instep, Dan. & Sw. vrist, and perhaps to E. writhe.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The joint, or the region of the joint, between the hand and the arm; the carpus. See Carpus. He took me by the wrist, and held me hard. Shak.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A stud or pin which forms a journal; -- also called wrist pin. Bridle wrist, the wrist of the left hand, in which a horseman holds the bridle. -- Wrist clonus. Etym: [NL. clonus, fr. Gr. Clonic.] (Med.) A series of quickly alternating movements of flexion and extension of the wrist, produced in some cases of nervous disease by suddenly bending the hand back upon the forearm. -- Wrist drop (Med.), paralysis of the extensor muscles of the hand, affecting the hand so that when an attempt is made to hold it out in line with the forearm with the palm down, the hand drops. It is chiefly due to plumbism. Called also hand drop. -- Wrist plate (Steam Engine), a swinging plate bearing two or more wrists, for operating the valves.

WRISTBAND Wrist"band, n.

Defn: The band of the sleeve of a shirt, or other garment, which covers the wrist.

WRISTER Wrist"er, n.

Defn: A covering for the wrist.

WRISTLET Wrist"let, n.

Defn: An elastic band worn around the wrist, as for the purpose of securing the upper part of a glove.

WRIT Writ, obs.

Defn: 3d pers. sing. pres. of Write, for writeth. Chaucer.

WRIT Writ, archaic

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Write. Dryden.

WRIT Writ, n. Etym: [AS. writ, gewrit. See Write.]

1. That which is written; writing; scripture; -- applied especially to the Scriptures, or the books of the Old and New testaments; as, sacred writ. "Though in Holy Writ not named." Milton. Then to his hands that writ he did betake, Which he disclosing read, thus as the paper spake. Spenser. Babylon, so much spoken of in Holy Writ. Knolles.

2. (Law)

Defn: An instrument in writing, under seal, in an epistolary form, issued from the proper authority, commanding the performance or nonperformance of some act by the person to whom it is directed; as, a writ of entry, of error, of execution, of injunction, of mandamus, of return, of summons, and the like.

Note: Writs are usually witnessed, or tested, in the name of the chief justice or principal judge of the court out of which they are issued; and those directed to a sheriff, or other ministerial officer, require him to return them on a day specified. In former English law and practice, writs in civil cases were either original or judicial; the former were issued out of the Court of Chancery, under the great seal, for the summoning of a defendant to appear, and were granted before the suit began and in order to begin the same; the latter were issued out of the court where the original was returned, after the suit was begun and during the pendency of it. Tomlins. Brande. Encyc. Brit. The term writ is supposed by Mr. Reeves to have been derived from the fact of these formulæ having always been expressed in writing, being, in this respect, distinguished from the other proceedings in the ancient action, which were conducted orally. Writ of account, Writ of capias, etc. See under Account, Capias, etc. -- Service of a writ. See under Service.

WRITABILITY Writ`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Ability or capacity to write. [R.] Walpole.

WRITABLE Writ"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of, or suitable for, being written down.

WRITATIVE Writ"a*tive, a.

Defn: Inclined to much writing; -- correlative to talkative. [R.] Pope.

WRITE Write, v. t. [imp. Wrote; p. p. Written; Archaic imp. & p. p. Writ; p. pr. & vb. n. Writing.] Etym: [OE. writen, AS. writan; originally, to scratch, to score; akin to OS. writan to write, to tear, to wound, D. rijten to tear, to rend, G. reissen, OHG. rizan, Icel. rita to write, Goth. writs a stroke, dash, letter. Cf. Race tribe, lineage.]

1. To set down, as legible characters; to form the conveyance of meaning; to inscribe on any material by a suitable instrument; as, to write the characters called letters; to write figures.

2. To set down for reading; to express in legible or intelligible characters; to inscribe; as, to write a deed; to write a bill of divorcement; hence, specifically, to set down in an epistle; to communicate by letter. Last night she enjoined me to write some lines to one she loves. Shak. I chose to write the thing I durst not speak To her I loved. Prior.

3. Hence, to compose or produce, as an author. I purpose to write the history of England from the accession of King James the Second down to a time within the memory of men still living. Macaulay.

4. To impress durably; to imprint; to engrave; as, truth written on the heart.

5. To make known by writing; to record; to prove by one's own written testimony; -- often used reflexively. He who writes himself by his own inscription is like an ill painter, who, by writing on a shapeless picture which he hath drawn, is fain to tell passengers what shape it is, which else no man could imagine. Milton. To write to, to communicate by a written document to. -- Written laws, laws deriving their force from express legislative enactment, as contradistinguished from unwritten, or common, law. See the Note under Law, and Common law, under Common, a.

WRITE Write, v. i.

1. To form characters, letters, or figures, as representative of sounds or ideas; to express words and sentences by written signs. Chaucer. So it stead you, I will write, Please you command. Shak.

2. To be regularly employed or occupied in writing, copying, or accounting; to act as clerk or amanuensis; as, he writes in one of the public offices.

3. To frame or combine ideas, and express them in written words; to play the author; to recite or relate in books; to compose. They can write up to the dignity and character of the authors. Felton.

4. To compose or send letters. He wrote for all the Jews that went out of his realm up into Jewry concerning their freedom. 1 Esdras iv. 49.

WRITER Writ"er, n. Etym: [AS. writere.]

1. One who writes, or has written; a scribe; a clerk. They [came] that handle the pen of the writer. Judg. v. 14. My tongue is the pen of a ready writer. Ps. xlv. 1.

2. One who is engaged in literary composition as a profession; an author; as, a writer of novels. This pitch, as ancient writers do report, doth defile. Shak.

3. A clerk of a certain rank in the service of the late East India Company, who, after serving a certain number of years, became a factor. Writer of the tallies (Eng. Law), an officer of the exchequer of England, who acted as clerk to the auditor of the receipt, and wrote the accounts upon the tallies from the tellers' bills. The use of tallies in the exchequer has been abolished. Wharton (Law. Dict.) -- Writer's cramp, palsy, or spasm (Med.), a painful spasmodic affection of the muscles of the fingers, brought on by excessive use, as in writing, violin playing, telegraphing, etc. Called also scrivener's palsy. -- Writer to the signet. See under Signet.

WRITERSHIP Writ"er*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a writer.

WRITHE Writhe, v. t. [imp. Writhed; p. p. Writhed, Obs. or Poetic Writhen (; p. pr. & vb. n. Writhing.] Etym: [OE. writhen, AS. wri to twist; akin to OHG. ridan, Icel. ri, Sw. vrida, Dan. vride. Cf. Wreathe, Wrest, Wroth.]

1. To twist; to turn; now, usually, to twist or turn so as to distort; to wring. "With writhing [turning] of a pin." Chaucer. Then Satan first knew pain, And writhed him to and fro. Milton. Her mouth she writhed, her forehead taught to frown. Dryden. His battle-writhen arms, and mighty hands. Tennyson.

2. To wrest; to distort; to pervert. The reason which he yieldeth showeth the least part of his meaning to be that whereunto his words are writhed. Hooker.

3. To extort; to wring; to wrest. [R.] The nobility hesitated not to follow the example of their sovereign in writhing money from them by every species of oppression. Sir W. Scott.

WRITHE Writhe, v. i.

Defn: To twist or contort the body; to be distorted; as, to writhe with agony. Also used figuratively. After every attempt, he felt that he had failed, and writhed with shame and vexation. Macaulay.

WRITHEN Writh"en, a.

Defn: Having a twisted distorted from. A writhen staff his step unstable guides. Fairfax.

WRITHLE Wri"thle, v. t. Etym: [Freq. of writhe.]

Defn: To wrinkle. [Obs.] Shak.

WRITING Writ"ing, n.

1. The act or art of forming letters and characters on paper, wood, stone, or other material, for the purpose of recording the ideas which characters and words express, or of communicating them to others by visible signs.

2. Anything written or printed; anything expressed in characters or letters; as: (a) Any legal instrument, as a deed, a receipt, a bond, an agreement, or the like. (b) Any written composition; a pamphlet; a work; a literary production; a book; as, the writings of Addison. (c) An inscription. And Pilate wrote a title . . . And the writing was, Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews. John xix. 19.

3. Handwriting; chirography. Writing book, a book for practice in penmanship. -- Writing desk, a desk with a sloping top for writing upon; also, a case containing writing materials, and used in a similar manner. -- Writing lark (Zoöl.), the European yellow-hammer; -- so called from the curious irregular lines on its eggs. [Prov. Eng.] -- Writing machine. Same as Typewriter. -- Writing master, one who teaches the art of penmanship. -- Writing obligatory (Law), a bond. -- Writing paper, paper intended for writing upon with ink, usually finished with a smooth surface, and sized. -- Writing school, a school for instruction in penmanship. -- Writing table, a table fitted or used for writing upon.

WRITTEN Writ"ten,

Defn: p. p. of Write, v.

WRIZZLE Wriz"zle, v. t.

Defn: To wrinkle. [Obs.] Spenser.

WROKEN Wro"ken, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Wreak. Chaucer.

WRONG Wrong, obs.

Defn: imp. of Wring. Wrung. Chaucer.

WRONG Wrong, a. Etym: [OE. wrong, wrang, a. & n., AS. wrang, n.; originally, awry, wrung, fr. wringan to wring; akin to D. wrang bitter, Dan. vrang wrong, Sw. vrång, Icel. rangr awry, wrong. See Wring.]

1. Twisted; wry; as, a wrong nose. [Obs.] Wyclif (Lev. xxi. 19).

2. Not according to the laws of good morals, whether divine or human; not suitable to the highest and best end; not morally right; deviating from rectitude or duty; not just or equitable; not true; not legal; as, a wrong practice; wrong ideas; wrong inclinations and desires.

3. Not fit or suitable to an end or object; not appropriate for an intended use; not according to rule; unsuitable; improper; incorrect; as, to hold a book with the wrong end uppermost; to take the wrong way. I have deceived you both; I have directed you to wrong places. Shak.

4. Not according to truth; not conforming to fact or intent; not right; mistaken; erroneous; as, a wrong statement.

5. Designed to be worn or placed inward; as, the wrong side of a garment or of a piece of cloth.

Syn. -- Injurious; unjust; faulty; detrimental; incorrect; erroneous; unfit; unsuitable.

WRONG Wrong, adv.

Defn: In a wrong manner; not rightly; amiss; morally ill; erroneously; wrongly. Ten censure wrong for one that writes amiss. Pope.

WRONG Wrong, n. Etym: [AS. wrang. See Wrong, a.]

Defn: That which is not right. Specifically: (a) Nonconformity or disobedience to lawful authority, divine or human; deviation from duty; -- the opposite of moral Ant: right. When I had wrong and she the right. Chaucer. One spake much of right and wrong. Milton.

(b) Deviation or departure from truth or fact; state of falsity; error; as, to be in the wrong. (c) Whatever deviates from moral rectitude; usually, an act that involves evil consequences, as one which inflicts injury on a person; any injury done to, or received from; another; a trespass; a violation of right. Friend, I do thee no wrong. Matt. xx. 18. As the king of England can do no wrong, so neither can he do right but in his courts and by his courts. Milton. The obligation to redress a wrong is at least as binding as that of paying a debt. E. Evereth.

Note: Wrongs, legally, are private or public. Private wrongs are civil injuries, immediately affecting individuals; public wrongs are crimes and misdemeanors which affect the community. Blackstone.

WRONG Wrong, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wronged; p. pr. & vb. n. Wronging.]

1. To treat with injustice; to deprive of some right, or to withhold some act of justice from; to do undeserved harm to; to deal unjustly with; to injure. He that sinneth . . . wrongeth his own soul. Prov. viii. 36.

2. To impute evil to unjustly; as, if you suppose me capable of a base act, you wrong me. I rather choose To wrong the dead, to wrong myself and you, Than I will wrong such honorable men. Shak.

WRONGDOER Wrong"do`er, n.

1. One who injures another, or who does wrong.

2. (Law)

Defn: One who commits a tort or trespass; a trespasser; a tort feasor. Ayliffe.

WRONGDOING Wrong"do`ing, n.

Defn: Evil or wicked behavior or action.

WRONGER Wrong"er, n.

Defn: One who wrongs or injures another. Shak. "Wrongers of the world." Tennyson.

WRONGFUL Wrong"ful, a.

Defn: Full of wrong; injurious; unjust; unfair; as, a wrongful taking of property; wrongful dealing. -- Wrong"ful*ly, adv. -- Wrong"ful*ness, n.

WRONGHEAD Wrong"head`, n.

Defn: A person of a perverse understanding or obstinate character. [R.]

WRONGHEAD Wrong"head`, a.

Defn: Wrongheaded. [R.] Pope.

WRONGHEADED Wrong"head`ed, a.

Defn: Wrong in opinion or principle; having a perverse understanding; perverse. -- Wrong"head`ed*ly, adv. -- Wrong"head`ed*ness, n. Macaulay.

WRONGLESS Wrong"less, a.

Defn: Not wrong; void or free from wrong. [Obs.] -- Wrong"less*ly, adv. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

WRONGLY Wrong"ly, adv.

Defn: In a wrong manner; unjustly; erroneously; wrong; amiss; as, he judges wrongly of my motives. "And yet wouldst wrongly win." Shak.

WRONGNESS Wrong"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being wrong; wrongfulness; error; fault. The best great wrongnesses within themselves. Bp. Butler. The rightness or wrongness of this view. Latham.

WRONGOUS Wron"gous, a. Etym: [Cf. OE. wrongwis. See Wrong, and cf. Righteous.]

1. Constituting, or of the nature of, a wrong; unjust; wrongful. [R.]

2. (Scots Law)

Defn: Not right; illegal; as, wrongous imprisonment. Craig.

WRONG-TIMED Wrong"-timed`, a.

Defn: Done at an improper time; ill-timed.

WROOT Wroot, obs.

Defn: imp. of Write. Wrote. Chaucer.

WROTE Wrote, v. i. Etym: [OE. wroten. See 1st Root.]

Defn: To root with the snout. See 1st Root. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WROTE Wrote,

Defn: imp. & archaic p. p. of Write.

WROTH Wroth, a. Etym: [OE. wroth, wrap, AS. wraedh wroth, crooked, bad; akin to wriedhan to writhe, and to OS. wreedhangry, D. wreed cruel, OHG. reid twisted, Icel. reiedhr angry, Dan. & Sw. vred. See Writhe, and cf. Wrath.]

Defn: Full of wrath; angry; incensed; much exasperated; wrathful. "Wroth to see his kingdom fail." Milton. Revel and truth as in a low degree, They be full wroth [i. e., at enmity] all day. Chaucer. Cain was very wroth, and his countenance fell. Gen. iv. 5.

WROUGHT Wrought,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Work. Alas that I was wrought [created]! Chaucer.

WROUGHT Wrought, a.

Defn: Worked; elaborated; not rough or crude. Wrought iron. See under Iron.

WRUNG Wrung,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Wring.

WRY Wry, v. t. Etym: [AS. wreón.]

Defn: To cover. [Obs.] Wrie you in that mantle. Chaucer.

WRY Wry, a. [Compar. Wrier; superl. Wriest.] Etym: [Akin to OE. wrien to twist, to bend, AS. wrigian to tend towards, to drive.]

1. Turned to one side; twisted; distorted; as, a wry mouth.

2. Hence, deviating from the right direction; misdirected; out of place; as, wry words. Not according to the wry rigor of our neighbors, who never take up an old idea without some extravagance in its application. Landor.

3. Wrested; perverted. He . . . puts a wry sense upon Protestant writers. Atterbury. Wry face, a distortion of the countenance indicating impatience, disgust, or discomfort; a grimace.

WRY Wry, v. i.

1. To twist; to writhe; to bend or wind.

2. To deviate from the right way; to go away or astray; to turn side; to swerve. This Phebus gan awayward for to wryen. Chaucer. How many Must murder wives much better than themselves For wrying but a little! Shak.

WRY Wry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wried; p. pr. & vb. n. Wrying.] Etym: [OE. wrien. See Wry, a.]

Defn: To twist; to distort; to writhe; to wrest; to vex. Sir P. Sidney. Guests by hundreds, not one caring If the dear host's neck were wried. R. Browning.

WRYBILL Wry"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Crookbill.

WRYMOUTH Wry"mouth`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of large, elongated, marine fishes of the genus Cryptacanthodes, especially C. maculatus of the American coast. A whitish variety is called ghostfish.

WRYNECK Wry"neck, n. (Med.)

1. A twisted or distorted neck; a deformity in which the neck is drawn to one side by a rigid contraction of one of the muscles of the neck; torticollis.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of Old World birds of the genus Jynx, allied to the woodpeckers; especially, the common European species (J. torguilla); -- so called from its habit of turning the neck around in different directions. Called also cuckoo's mate, snakebird, summer bird, tonguebird, and writheneck.

WRYNECKED Wry"necked`, a.

Defn: Having a distorted neck; having the deformity called wryneck.

WRYNESS Wry"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being wry, or distorted. W. Montagu.

WRYTHEN Wryth"en, obs. p. p. of Writhe.

Defn: Writhen.

WULFENITE Wul"fen*ite, n. Etym: [So named after F. X. Wulfen, an Australian mineralogist.] (Min.)

Defn: Native lead molybdate occurring in tetragonal crystals, usually tabular, and of a bright orange-yellow to red, gray, or brown color; -- also called yellow lead ore.

WULL Wull, v. t. & i.

Defn: See 2d Will. Pour out to all that wull. Spenser.

WUNG-OUT Wung"-out`, a.

Defn: Having the sails set in the manner called wing-and-wing. [Sailors' slang]

WURBAGOOL Wur"ba*gool, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fruit bat (Pteropus medius) native of India. It is similar to the flying fox, but smaller.

WURMAL Wur"mal, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Wormil.

WURRALUH Wur"ra*luh, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Australian white-quilled honey eater (Entomyza albipennis).

WUST; WUSTE Wust, Wuste, obs.

Defn: imp. of Wit. Piers Plowman.

WYANDOTS Wy`an*dots", n. pl.; sing. Wyandot (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: Same as Hurons. [Written also Wyandottes, and Yendots.]

WYCH-ELM Wych"-elm`, n. Etym: [OE. wiche a kind of elm, AS. wice a kind of tree. Cf. Wicker.] (Bot.)

Defn: A species of elm (Ulmus montana) found in Northern and Western Europe; Scotch elm.

Note: By confusion this word is often written witch-elm.

WYCH-HAZEL Wych"-ha`zel, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The wych-elm; -- so called because its leaves are like those of the hazel.

WYCLIFITE; WYCLIFFITE Wyc"lif*ite, Wyc"liff*ite, n.

Defn: A follower of Wyclif, the English reformer; a Lollard.

WYD Wyd, a.

Defn: Wide. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WYE Wye, n.; pl. Wyes (.

1. The letter Y.

2. A kind of crotch. See Y, n. (a).

WYKE Wyke, n.

Defn: Week. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WYLA Wy"la, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A helmeted Australian cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus funereus); -- called also funeral cockatoo.

WYN; WYNN; WEN Wyn, Wynn, n. Also Wen. [AS. wen.]

Defn: One of the runes adopted into the Anglo-Saxon, or Old English, alphabet. It had the value of modern English w, and was replaced from about a. d. 1280 at first by uu, later by w.

X.

WYND Wynd, n. Etym: [See Wind to turn.]

Defn: A narrow lane or alley. [Scot.] Jamieson. The narrow wynds, or alleys, on each side of the street. Bryant.

WYNKERNEL Wyn"ker*nel, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European moor hen. [Prov. Eng.]

WYNN Wynn, n.

Defn: A kind of timber truck, or carriage.

WYPE Wype, n.

Defn: The wipe, or lapwing. [Prov. Eng.]

WYS Wys, a.

Defn: Wise. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WYTE; WYTEN Wyte, Wy"ten, obs.

Defn: pl. pres. of Wit.

WYTHE Wythe, n. (Naut.).

Defn: Same as Withe, n., 4.

WYVERN Wy"vern, n. (Her.)

Defn: Same as Wiver.

X X (eks).

Defn: X, the twenty-fourth letter of the English alphabet, has three sounds; a compound nonvocal sound (that of ks), as in wax; a compound vocal sound (that of gz), as in example; and, at the beginning of a word, a simple vocal sound (that of z), as in xanthic. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 217, 270, 271.

The form and value of X are from the Latin X, which is from the Greek X, which in some Greek alphabets had the value of ks, though in the one now in common use it represents an aspirated sound of k.

XANTHAMIDE Xanth*am"ide, n. [Xanthic + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: An amido derivative of xanthic acid obtained as a white crystalline substance, C2H5O.CS.NH2; -- called also xanthogen amide.

XANTHATE Xan"thate, n. [See Xanthic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of xanthic; a xanthogenate.

XANTHELASMA Xan`the*las"ma, n. [NL.; Gr. xanqo`s yellow + 'e`lasma a metal plate.] (Med.)

Defn: See Xanthoma.

XANTHIAN Xan"thi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Xanthus, an ancient town on Asia Minor; -- applied especially to certain marbles found near that place, and now in the British Museum.

XANTHIC Xan"thic, a. [Gr. xanqo`s yellow: cf. F. xanthique.]

1. Tending toward a yellow color, or to one of those colors, green being excepted, in which yellow is a constituent, as scarlet, orange, etc.

2. (Chem.) (a) Possessing, imparting, or producing a yellow color; as, xanthic acid. (b) Of or pertaining to xanthic acid, or its compounds; xanthogenic. (c) Of or pertaining to xanthin.

Xanthic acid (Chem.), a heavy, astringent, colorless oil, C2H5O.CS.SH, having a pungent odor. It is produced by leading carbon disulphide into a hot alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide. So called from the yellow color of many of its salts. Called also xanthogenic acid. -- Xanthic colors (Bot.), those colors (of flowers) having some tinge of yellow; -- opposed to cyanic colors. See under Cyanic.

XANTHIDE Xan"thide, n. [See Xantho-.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound or derivative of xanthogen. [Archaic]

XANTHIDIUM Xan*thid"i*um, n.; pl. Xanthidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. xanqo`s yellow.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of minute unicellular algæ of the desmids. These algæ have a rounded shape and are armed with glochidiate or branched aculei. Several species occur in ditches, and others are found fossil in flint or hornstone.

XANTHIN Xan"thin, n. [Gr. xanqo`s yellow.]

1. (Physiol. Chem.) A crystalline nitrogenous body closely related to both uric acid and hypoxanthin, present in muscle tissue, and occasionally found in the urine and in some urinary calculi. It is also present in guano. So called from the yellow color of certain of its salts (nitrates).

2. (Chem.) A yellow insoluble coloring matter extracted from yellow flowers; specifically, the coloring matter of madder. [Formerly written also xanthein.]

3. (Chem.) One of the gaseous or volatile decomposition products of the xanthates, and probably identical with carbon disulphide. [Obs.]

XANTHINE; XANTHIN Xan"thine, n. Also Xan"thin . [Gr. xanqo`s yellow.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A white microcrystalline nitrogenous compound, C5H4O2N4, present in muscle tissue, in the liver, spleen, pancreas, and other organs, and also in urine (in small quantities) and some urinary calculi, and in the juices of certain plants; -- so called because it leaves a yellow residue when evaporated to dryness with nitric acid. Xanthine is closely related to uric acid.

XANTHININE Xan"thi*nine, n. [Gr. xanqo`s yellow + quinine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A complex nitrogenous substance related to urea and uric acid, produced as a white powder; -- so called because it forms yellow salts, and because its solution forms a blue fluorescence like quinine.

XANTHIUM Xan"thi*um, n. [NL., fr. Gr. xa`nqion a plant used for dyeing the hair yellow, said to be the Xanthium strumarium, from xanqo`s yellow.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of composite plants in which the scales of the involucre are united so as to form a kind of bur; cocklebur; clotbur.

XANTHO- Xan"tho-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. xanqo`s yellow; as in xanthocobaltic salts. Used also adjectively in chemistry.

XANTHOCARPOUS Xan`tho*car"pous, a. [Xantho-+ Gr. karpo`s fruit.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having yellow fruit.

XANTHOCHROI Xan*thoch"ro*i, n. pl. [NL. See Xanthochroic.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: A division of the Caucasian races, comprising the lighter- colored members.

The Xanthochroi, or fair whites, . . . are the prevalent inhabitants of Northern Europe, and the type may be traced into North Africa, and eastward as far as Hindostan. Tylor.

XANTHOCHROIC Xan`tho*chro"ic, a. [Xantho-+ Gr. chro`a color.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: Having a yellowish or fair complexion; of or pertaining to the Xanthochroi.

XANTHOCHROID Xan"tho*chroid, a. [See under Xanthrochroic, -oid.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: Having a yellowish or fair complexion. -- n.

Defn: A person having xanthochroid traits.

XANTHOCHROISM Xan*thoch"ro*ism, n.

Defn: Abnormal coloration of feathers in which yellow replaces the normal color, as in certain parrots. It is commonly due to lack of the dark pigment which with yellow forms green.

XANTHODONTOUS Xan`tho*don"tous, a. [Xantho-+ Gr. 'odoy`s, 'odo`ntos, tooth.]

Defn: Having yellow teeth.

XANTHOGEN Xan"tho*gen, n. [Xantho- + -gen.] (Chem.) (a) The hypothetical radical supposed to be characteristic of xanthic acid. [Archaic] (b) Persulphocyanogen. [R.]

XANTHOGENATE Xan"tho*gen*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of xanthic acid.

XANTHOGENIC Xan`tho*gen"ic, a. [See Xantho-, and -gen.] (Chem.)

Defn: Producing a yellow color or compound; xanthic. See Xanthic acid, under Xanthic.

XANTHOMA Xan*tho"ma, n. [NL. See Xantho-, and -oma.] (Med.)

Defn: A skin disease marked by the development or irregular yellowish patches upon the skin, especially upon the eyelids; -- called also xanthelasma.

XANTHOMATOUS Xan*thom"a*tous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to xanthoma.

XANTHOMELANOUS Xan`tho*mel"a*nous, a. [Pref. xantho- + Gr. , , black.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the lighter division of the Melanochroi, or those races having an olive or yellow complexion and black hair.

XANTHOPHANE Xan"tho*phane, n. [Xantho- + Gr. fai`nein to show.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The yellow pigment present in the inner segments of the retina in animals. See Chromophane.

XANTHOPHYLL Xan"tho*phyll, n. [Xantho- + Gr. fy`llon leaf.] (Bot.)

Defn: A yellow coloring matter found in yellow autumn leaves, and also produced artificially from chlorophyll; -- formerly called also phylloxanthin.

XANTHOPOUS Xan"tho*pous, a. [Xantho- + Gr. poy`s, podo`s, foot.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having a yellow stipe, or stem.

XANTHOPROTEIC Xan`tho*pro*te"ic, a. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, xanthoprotein; showing the characters of xanthoprotein; as, xanthoproteic acid; the xanthoproteic reaction for albumin.

XANTHOPROTEIN Xan`tho*pro"te*in, n. [Xantho-+ protein.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A yellow acid substance formed by the action of hot nitric acid on albuminous or proteid matter. It is changed to a deep orange- yellow color by the addition of ammonia.

XANTHOPUCCINE Xan`tho*puc"cine, n. [Xantho-+ puccoon + -ine.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of three alkaloids found in the root of the yellow puccoon (Hydrastis Canadensis). It is a yellow crystalline substance, and resembles berberine.

XANTHORHAMNIN Xan`tho*rham"nin, n. [Xantho-+ NL. Rhamnus, the generic name of the plant bearing Persian berries.] (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside extracted from Persian berries as a yellow crystalline powder, used as a dyestuff.

XANTHORHIZA Xan`tho*rhi"za, n. [NL., fr. Gr. xanqo`s yellow + "ri`za root.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubby ranunculaceous plants of North America, including only the species Xanthorhiza apiifolia, which has roots of a deep yellow color; yellowroot. The bark is intensely bitter, and is sometimes used as a tonic.

XANTHORHOEA Xan`tho*rhoe"a, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. xanqo`s yellow + (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of endogenous plants, native to Australia, having a thick, sometimes arborescent, stem, and long grasslike leaves. See Grass tree.

XANTHOSE Xan"those, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An orange-yellow substance found in pigment spots of certain crabs.

XANTHOSIS Xan*tho"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. xanqo`s yellow.] (Med.)

Defn: The yellow discoloration often observed in cancerous tumors.

XANTHOSPERMOUS Xan`tho*sper"mous, a. Etym: [Xantho- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having yellow seeds.

XANTHOUS Xan"thous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Yellow; specifically (Ethnol.), of or pertaining to those races of man which have yellowish, red, auburn, or brown hair.

XANTHOXYLENE Xan*thox"y*lene, n. Etym: [See Xanthoxylum.] (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid hydrocarbon of the terpene series extracted from the seeds of a Japanese prickly ash (Xanthoxylum pipertium) as an aromatic oil.

XANTHOXYLUM Xan*thox"y*lum, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. xanqo`s yellow + xy`lon wood.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of prickly shrubs or small trees, the bark and rots of which are of a deep yellow color; prickly ash.

Note: The commonest species in the Northern United States is Xanthoxylum Americanum. See Prickly ash, under Prickly.

XEBEC Xe"bec, n. Etym: [Sp. jabegue, formerly spelt xabeque, or Pg. xabeco; both from Turk. sumbeki a kind of Asiatic ship; cf. Per. sumbuk, Ar. sumb a small ship.] (Naut.)

Defn: A small three-masted vessel, with projecting bow stern and convex decks, used in the Mediterranean for transporting merchandise, etc. It carries large square sails, or both. Xebecs were formerly armed and used by corsairs.

XEME Xeme (zem), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Arctic fork-tailed gull (Xema Sabinii).

XENELASIA Xen`e*la"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A Spartan institution which prohibited strangers from residing in Sparta without permission, its object probably being to preserve the national simplicity of manners.

XENIUM Xe"ni*um, n.; pl. Xenia. Etym: [L., from Gr. (Class. Antiq.)

Defn: A present given to a guest or stranger, or to a foreign ambassador.

XENODOCHIUM Xen`o*do*chi"um, n. Etym: [LL., fr. L. xenodochium a building for the reception of strangers, Gr. (a) (Class. Antiq.)

Defn: A house for the reception of strangers. (b) In the Middle Ages, a room in a monastery for the reception and entertainment of strangers and pilgrims, and for the relief of paupers. [Called also Xenodocheion.]

XENODOCHY Xe*nod"o*chy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Reception of strangers; hospitality. [R.]

XENOGAMY Xe*nog"a*my, n. Etym: [Gr. xe`nos strange, foreign + (Bot.)

Defn: Cross fertilization.

XENOGENESIS Xen`o*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. xe`nos a stranger + E. genesis.] (Biol.) (a) Same as Heterogenesis. (b) The fancied production of an organism of one kind by an organism of another. Huxley.

XENOGENETIC Xen`o*ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to xenogenesis; as, the xenogenetic origin of microzymes. Huxley.

XENOMANIA Xen`o*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [Gr. xe`nos strange + E. mania.]

Defn: A mania for, or an inordinate attachment to, foreign customs, institutions, manners, fashions, etc. [R.] Saintsbury.

XENOMI Xen"o*mi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. xe`nos strange.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of soft-rayed fresh-water fishes of which the blackfish of Alaska (Dallia pectoralis) is the type.

XENON Xen"on, n. [Gr. , neut. of strange.] (Chem.)

Defn: A very heavy, inert gaseous element occurring in the atmosphere in the proportion of one volume is about 20 millions. It was discovered by Ramsay and Travers in 1898. It can be condensed to a liquid boiling at -109º C., and to a solid which volatilizes without melting. Symbol Xe or X; atomic weight 130.2.

XENOPTERYGII Xe*nop`te*ryg"i*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. xe`nos strange + (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of fishes including Gobiesox and allied genera. These fishes have soft-rayed fins, and a ventral sucker supported in front by the pectoral fins. They are destitute of scales.

XENOTIME Xen"o*time, n. Etym: [Gr. xe`nos guest, stranger + xenotim.] (Min.)

Defn: A native phosphate of yttrium occurring in yellowish-brown tetragonal crystals.

XENURINE Xe*nu"rine, n. Etym: [Gr. xe`nos strange + (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cabassou.

XENYL Xen"yl, n. Etym: [Gr. xe`nos strange + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The radical characteristic of xenylic compounds.

XENYLIC Xe*nyl"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, designating, certain amido compounds obtained by reducing certain nitro derivatives of diphenyl.

XERAPHIM Xer"a*phim, n. Etym: [Pg. xarafin, xerafin, fr. Ar. ashrafi noble, the name of a gold coin.]

Defn: An old money of account in Bombay, equal to three fifths of a rupee.

XERES Xer"es, n.

Defn: Sherry. See Sherry.

XERIF Xer"if, n.

Defn: A shereef.

XERIFF Xer"iff, n. Etym: [See Shereef.]

Defn: A gold coin formerly current in Egypt and Turkey, of the value of about 9s. 6d., or about $2.30; -- also, in Morocco, a ducat.

XERODERMA Xe`ro*der"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) (a) Ichthyosis. (b) A skin disease characterized by the presence of numerous small pigmented spots resembling freckles, with which are subsequently mingled spots of atrophied skin.

XERONATE Xe"ro*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of xeronic acid.

XERONIC Xe*ron"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. conic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C8H12O4, related to fumaric acid, and obtained from citraconic acid as an oily substance having a bittersweet taste; -- so called from its tendency to form its anhydride.

XEROPHAGY Xe*roph"a*gy, n. Etym: [L. xerophagia, Gr.

Defn: Among the primitive Christians, the living on a diet of dry food in Lent and on other fasts.

XEROPHILOUS Xe*roph"i*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Drought-loving; able withstand the absence or lack of moisture. Plants which are peculiarly adapted to dry climates are termed by De Candolle xerophilous. Goodale.

XEROPHTHALMIA Xe`roph*thal"mi*a, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Ophthalmia.] (Med.)

Defn: An abnormal dryness of the eyeball produced usually by long- continued inflammation and subsequent atrophy of the conjunctiva.

XEROPHTHALMY Xe`roph*thal"my, n. (Med.)

Defn: Xerophthalmia.

XIPHIAS Xiph"i*as, n. Etym: [L., a swordfish, a sword-shaped comet, fr. Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fishes comprising the common swordfish.

2. (Anat.) (a) The constellation Dorado. (b) A comet shaped like a sword

XIPHIDIUM Xi*phid"i*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. xi`fos sword.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants of the order Hæmodraceæ, having two-ranked, sword-shaped leaves.

XIPHIOID Xiph"i*oid, a. Etym: [Xiphius + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a cetacean of the genus Xiphius or family Xiphiidæ.

XIPHIPLASTRON Xiph"i*plas"tron, n.; pl. Xiphiplastra. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. xi`fos a sword + plastron.] (Anat.)

Defn: The posterior, or fourth, lateral plate in the plastron of turtles; -- called also xiphisternum.

XIPHISTERNUM Xiph"i*ster"num, n.; pl. Xiphisterna. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. xi`fos a sword + sternum.] (Anat.) (a) The posterior segment, or extremity, of the sternum; -- sometimes called metasternum, ensiform cartilage, ensiform process, or xiphoid process. (b) The xiphiplastron. -- Xiph"i*ster"nal a.

XIPHIUS Xiph"i*us, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. xi`fos a sword.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of cetaceans having a long, pointed, bony beak, usually two tusklike teeth in the lower jaw, but no teeth in the upper jaw.

XIPHODON Xiph"o*don, n. Etym: [Gr. xi`fos a sword + (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of artiodactylous mammals found in the European Tertiary formations. It had slender legs, didactylous feet, and small canine teeth.

XIPHOID Xiph"oid, a. Etym: [Gr. xi`fos a sword + xiphoide.] (Anat.) (a) Like a sword; ensiform. (b) Of or pertaining to the xiphoid process; xiphoidian.

XIPHOIDIAN Xiph*oid"i*an, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Xiphoid.

XIPHOPHYLLOUS Xi*phoph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. xi`fos sword + (Bot.)

Defn: Having sword-shaped leaves.

XIPHOSURA Xiph`o*su"ra, n. pl.

Defn: See Xiphura.

XIPHURA Xi*phu"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. xi`fos sword + (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Limuloidea. Called also Xiphosura. X ray. See under Ray.

XP XP. [Belongs here in appearance only.]

Defn: The first two letters of the Greek word XRISTOS, Christ; -- an abbreviation used with the letters separate or, oftener, in a monogram, often inclosed in a circle, as a symbol or emblem of Christ. It use as an emblem was introduced by Constantine the Great, whence it is known as the Constantinian symbol, or monogram. See Labarum.

X RAYS; X-RAYS X rays, or X"-rays`, n. pl.

Defn: The Röntgen rays; -- so called by their discoverer because of their enigmatical character.

X-RAY TUBE X"-ray" tube. (Physics)

Defn: A vacuum tube suitable for producing Röntgen rays.

XYLAMIDE Xy*lam"ide, n. Etym: [Xylic + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: An acid amide derivative of xylic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance.

XYLAN Xy"lan, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A gummy substance of the pentosan class, present in woody tissue, and yielding xylose on hydrolysis; wood gum.

XYLANTHRAX Xy*lan"thrax, n. Etym: [Gr. xy`lon wood +

Defn: Wood coal, or charcoal; -- so called in distinction from mineral coal.

XYLATE Xy"late, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of xylic acid.

XYLEM Xy"lem, n. Etym: [Gr. xy`lon wood.] (Bot.)

Defn: That portion of a fibrovascular bundle which has developed, or will develop, into wood cells; -- distinguished from phloëm.

XYLENE Xy"lene, n. Etym: [Gr. xy`lon wood.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any of a group of three metameric hydrocarbons of the aromatic series, found in coal and wood tar, and so named because found in crude wood spirit. They are colorless, oily, inflammable liquids, C6H4.(CH3)2, being dimethyl benzenes, and are called respectively orthoxylene, metaxylene, and paraxylene. Called also xylol.

Note: Each of these xylenes is the nucleus and prototype of a distinct series of compounds.

XYLENOL Xy"le*nol, n. Etym: [Xylene + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of six metameric phenol derivatives of xylene, obtained as crystalline substances, (CH3)2.C6H3.OH.

XYLETIC Xy*let"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a complex acid related to mesitylenic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance by the action of sodium and carbon dioxide on crude xylenol.

XYLIC Xy"lic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or related to, xylene; specifically, designating any one of several metameric acids produced by the partial oxidation of mesitylene and pseudo-cumene.

XYLIDIC Xy*lid"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, either one of two distinct acids which are derived from xylic acid and related compounds, and are metameric with uvitic acid.

XYLIDINE Xy"li*dine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of six metameric hydrocarbons, (CH3)2.C6H3.NH2, resembling aniline, and related to xylene. They are liquids, or easily fusible crystalline substances, of which three are derived from metaxylene, two from orthoxylene, and one from paraxylene. They are called the amido xylenes.

Note: The xylidine of commerce, used in making certain dyes, consists chiefly of the derivatives of paraxylene and metaxylene.

XYLINDEIN Xy*lin"de*in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A green or blue pigment produced by Peziza in certain kinds of decayed wood, as the beech, oak, birch, etc., and extracted as an amorphous powder resembling indigo.

XYLITE Xy"lite, n. Etym: [Gr. xy`lon wood.] (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid hydrocarbon found in crude wood spirits.

XYLITONE Xy"li*tone, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow oil having a geraniumlike odor, produced as a side product in making phorone; -- called also xylite oil.

XYLO- Xy"lo-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. xy`lon wood; as in xylogen, xylograph.

XYLOBALSAMUM Xy`lo*bal"sa*mum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. xy`lon wood + xylobalsamum balsam wood, Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The dried twigs of a Syrian tree (Balsamodendron Gileadense). U. S. Disp.

XYLOCARPOUS Xy`lo*car"pous, a. Etym: [Xylo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing fruit which becomes hard or woody.

XYLOCOPA Xy*loc"o*pa, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. xy`lon wood + (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of hymenopterous insects including the carpenter. See Carpenter bee, under Carpenter. -- Xy*loc"o*pine, a.

XYLOGEN Xy"lo*gen, n. Etym: [Xylo- + -gen.] (a) (Bot.) Nascent wood; wood cells in a forming state. (b) Lignin.

XYLOGRAPH Xy"lo*graph, n. Etym: [Xylo- + -graph.]

Defn: An engraving on wood, or the impression from such an engraving; a print by xylography.

XYLOGRAPHER Xy*log"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One who practices xylography.

XYLOGRAPHIC; XYLOGRAPHICAL Xy`lo*graph"ic, Xy`lo*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. xylographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to xylography, or wood engraving.

XYLOGRAPHY Xy*log"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Xylo- + -graphy: cf. F. xylographie.]

1. The art of engraving on wood.

2. The art of making prints from the natural grain of wood. Knight.

3. A method pf printing in colors upon wood for purposes of house decoration. Ure.

XYLOID Xy"loid, a. Etym: [Xylo- + -oid.]

Defn: Resembling wood; having the nature of wood.

XYLOIDIN Xy*loid"in, n. Etym: [Xylo- + -oid.] (Chem.)

Defn: A substance resembling pyroxylin, obtained by the action of nitric acid on starch; -- called also nitramidin.

XYLOL Xy"lol, n. Etym: [Xylo- + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Xylene.

XYLOLOGY Xy*lol"o*gy, n. [Pref. xylo-+ -logy.]

Defn: The branch of dendrology treating of the gross and minute structure of wood.

XYLONITE Xy"lon*ite, n.

Defn: See Zylonite.

XYLOPHAGA Xy*loph"a*ga, n. Etym: [NL. See Xylophagous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine bivalves which bore holes in wood. They are allied to Pholas.

XYLOPHAGAN Xy*loph"a*gan, n. Etym: [See Xylophagous.] (Zoöl.) (a) One of a tribe of beetles whose larvæ bore or live in wood. (b) Any species of Xylophaga. (c) Any one of the Xylophagides.

XYLOPHAGIDES Xy`lo*phag"i*des, n. pl. Etym: [See Xylophagous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe or family of dipterous flies whose larvæ live in decayed wood. Some of the tropical species are very large.

XYLOPHAGOUS Xy*loph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr. xy`lon wood + (Zoöl.) (a) Eating, boring in, or destroying, wood; -- said especially of certain insect larvæ, crustaceans, and mollusks. (b) Of or pertaining to the genus Xylophaga.

XYLOPHILAN Xy*loph"i*lan, n. Etym: [See Xylophilous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a tribe of beetles (Xylophili) whose larvæ live on decayed wood.

XYLOPHILOUS Xy*loph"i*lous, a. Etym: [Xylo- + Gr. filei^n to love.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the xylophilans.

XYLOPHONE Xy"lo*phone, n. Etym: [Xylo- + Gr. fwnh` sound.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument common among the Russians, Poles, and Tartars, consisting of a series of strips of wood or glass graduated in length to the musical scale, resting on belts of straw, and struck with two small hammers. Called in Germany strohfiedel, or straw fiddle.

2. An instrument to determine the vibrative properties of different kinds of wood. Knight.

XYLOPLASTIC Xy`lo*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Xylo- + -plastic.] (Technol.)

Defn: Formed of wood pulp by molds; relating to casts made of wood pulp in molds.

XYLOPYROGRAPHY Xy`lo*py*rog"ra*phy. n. Etym: [Xylo- + Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: The art or practice of burning pictures on wood with a hot iron; -- called also poker painting. See Poker picture, under Poker.

XYLOQUINONE Xy`lo*qui"none, n. Etym: [Xylene + quinone.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a group of quinone compounds obtained respectively by the oxidation of certain xylidine compounds. In general they are yellow crystalline substances.

XYLORCIN Xy*lor"cin, n. Etym: [Xylene + orcin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A derivative of xylene obtained as a white crystalline substance which on exposure in the air becomes red; -- called also betaorcin.

XYLOSE Xy"lose, n. [Pref. xylo- + -ose.] (Chem.)

Defn: An unfermentable sugar of the pentose class, C5H10O5, formed by the hydrolysis of xylan; wood sugar.

XYLOSTEIN Xy*los"te*in, n. Etym: [Xylo- + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside found in the poisonous berries of a species of honeysuckle (Lonicera xylosteum), and extracted as a bitter, white, crystalline substance.

XYLOTILE Xy"lo*tile, n.

Defn: Same as Parkesine.

XYLOTOMIST Xy*lot"o*mist, n.

Defn: One versed or engaged in xylotomy.

XYLOTOMOUS Xy*lot"o*mous, a. [Pref. xylo-+ root of Gr. to cut.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Capable of boring or cutting wood; -- said of many insects.

XYLOTOMY Xy*lot"o*my, n. [Pref. xylo-+ -tomy.]

Defn: Art of preparing sections (transverse, tangential, or radial) of wood, esp. by means of a microtome, for microscopic examination.

XYLOTRYA Xy*lo"try*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. xy`lon wood + (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine bivalves closely allied to Teredo, and equally destructive to timber. One species (Xylotrya fimbriata) is very common on the Atlantic coast of the United States.

XYLYL Xy"lyl, n. Etym: [Xylo- + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of three metameric radicals which are characteristic respectively of the three xylenes.

XYLYLENE Xy"lyl*ene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of three metameric radicals, CH2.C6H4.CH2, derived respectively from the three xylenes. Often used adjectively; as, xylylene alcohol.

XYRIDACEOUS Xyr`i*da"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order (Xyrideæ) of endogenous plants, of which Xyris is the type.

XYRIS Xy"ris, n. Etym: [L., a kind of Iris, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of endogenous herbs with grassy leaves and small yellow flowers in short, scaly-bracted spikes; yellow-eyed grass. There are about seventeen species in the Atlantic United States.

XYST; XYSTUS Xyst, Xys"tus, n. Etym: [L. xystus, Gr. (Anc. Arch.)

Defn: A long and open portico, for athletic exercises, as wrestling, running, etc., for use in winter or in stormy weather.

XYSTARCH Xyst"arch, n. Etym: [L. xystarches, Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: An office Dr. W. Smith.

XYSTER Xys"ter, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument for scraping bone.

Y

Defn: Y, the twenty-fifth letter of the English alphabet, at the beginning of a word or syllable, except when a prefix (see Y-), is usually a fricative vocal consonant; as a prefix, and usually in the middle or at the end of a syllable, it is a vowel. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 145, 178-9, 272.

Note: It derives its form from the Latin Y, which is from the Greek u, i, o, and j. g; as in full, fill, AS. fyllan; E. crypt, grotto; young, juvenile; day, AS. dæg. See U, I, and J, G.

Note: Y has been called the Pythagorean letter, because the Greek letter

Y Y, n.; pl. Y's ( or Ys.

Defn: Something shaped like the letter Y; a forked piece resembling in form the letter Y. Specifically: (a) One of the forked holders for supporting the telescope of a leveling instrument, or the axis of a theodolite; a wye. (b) A forked or bifurcated pipe fitting. (c) (Railroads) A portion of track consisting of two diverging tracks connected by a cross track. Y level (Surv.), an instrument for measuring differences of level by means of a telescope resting in Y's. -- Y moth (Zoöl.), a handsome European noctuid moth Plusia gamma) which has a bright, silvery mark, shaped like the letter Y, on each of the fore wings. Its larva, which is green with five dorsal white species, feeds on the cabbage, turnip, bean, etc. Called also gamma moth, and silver Y.

Y Y, pron.

Defn: I. [Obs.] King Horn. Wyclif.

Y-; I- Y-, or I-. Etym: [OE. y-, i-, AS. ge-, akin to D. & G. ge-, OHG. gi-, ga-, Goth. ga-, and perhaps to Latin con-; originally meaning, together. Cf. Com-, Aware, Enough, Handiwork, Ywis.]

Defn: A prefix of obscure meaning, originally used with verbs, adverbs, adjectives, nouns, and pronouns. In the Middle English period, it was little employed except with verbs, being chiefly used with past participles, though occasionally with the infinitive Ycleped, or yclept, is perhaps the only word not entirely obsolete which shows this use. That no wight mighte it see neither yheere. Chaucer. Neither to ben yburied nor ybrent. Chaucer.

Note: Some examples of Chaucer's use of this prefix are; ibe, ibeen, icaught, ycome, ydo, idoon, ygo, iproved, ywrought. It inough, enough, it is combined with an adjective. Other examples are in the Vocabulary. Spenser and later writers frequently employed this prefix when affecting an archaic style, and sometimes used it incorrectly.

YA Ya, adv.

Defn: Yea. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YACARE Yac"a*re`, n. Etym: [See Jacare.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American crocodilian (Jacare sclerops) resembling the alligator in size and habits. The eye orbits are connected together, and surrounded by prominent bony ridges. Called also spectacled alligator, and spectacled cayman. [Written also jacare.]

Note: The name is also applied to allied species.

YACCA Yac"ca, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A West Indian name for two large timber trees (Podocarpus coriaceus, and P. Purdicanus) of the Yew family. The wood, which is much used, is pale brownish with darker streaks.

YACHT Yacht, n. Etym: [D. jagt, jacht; perhaps properly, a jagen to chase, hunt, akin to G. jagen, OHG. jag, of uncertain origin; or perhaps akin to OHG. gahi quick, sudden (cf. Gay).] (Naut.)

Defn: A light and elegantly furnished vessel, used either for private parties of pleasure, or as a vessel of state to convey distinguished persons from one place to another; a seagoing vessel used only for pleasure trips, racing, etc. Yacht measurement. See the Note under Tonnage, 4.

YACHT Yacht, v. i.

Defn: To manage a yacht; to voyage in a yacht.

YACHTER Yacht"er, n.

Defn: One engaged in sailing a jacht.

YACHTING Yacht"ing, n.

Defn: Sailing for pleasure in a yacht.

YACHTMAN Yacht"man, n.

Defn: See Yachtsman.

YACHTSMAN Yachts"man, n.; pl. Yachtsmen (.

Defn: One who owns or sails a yacht; a yachter.

YAF Yaf, obs. imp. of Give. Etym: [AS. geaf, imp. of giefan to give. See Give]

Defn: Gave. See Give. Chaucer.

YAFFINGALE Yaf"fin*gale, n. Etym: [See Yaffle, and cf. Nightingale.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The yaffle. [Prov. Eng.]

YAFFLE Yaf"fle, n. Etym: [Probably imitative of its call or cry.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European green woodpecker (Picus, or Genius, viridis). It is noted for its loud laughlike note. Called also eccle, hewhole, highhoe, laughing bird, popinjay, rain bird, yaffil, yaffler, yaffingale, yappingale, yackel, and woodhack.

YAGER Ya"ger, n. Etym: [G. jäger a hunter, from jagen to chase, hunt.] (Mil.)

Defn: In the German army, one belonging to a body of light infantry armed with rifles, resembling the chasseur of the French army. [Written also jager.]

YAGUARUNDI Ya`gua*run"di, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Jaguarondi. [Written also yaguarondi, and yagouarondi.]

YAHOO Ya"hoo, n.

1. One of a race of filthy brutes in Swift's "Gulliver's Travels." See in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.

2. Hence, any brutish or vicious character.

3. A raw countryman; a lout; a greenhorn. [U. S.]

YAHWEH; YAHWE; JAHVEH; JAHVE Yah"weh, Yah"we, n. Also Jah"veh, Jah"ve, etc.

Defn: A modern transliteration of the Hebrew word translated Jehovah in the Bible; -- used by some critics to discriminate the tribal god of the ancient Hebrews from the Christian Jehovah. Yahweh or Yahwe is the spelling now generally adopted by scholars.

YAHWISM; JAHVISM Yah"wism, n. Also Jah"vism.

1. The religion or worship of Yahweh (Jehovah), or the system of doctrines, etc., connected with it.

2. Use of Yahweh as a name of God.

YAHWIST; JAHVIST; JAHWIST; JEHOVIST Yah"wist, n. Also Jah"vist, Jah"wist, older Je*ho"vist.

Defn: The author of the passages of the Old Testament, esp. those of the Hexateuch, in which God is styled Yahweh, or Jehovah; the author of the Yahwistic, or Jehovistic, Prophetic Document (J); also, the document itself.

YAJUR-VEDA Yaj"ur-Ve"da, n. Etym: [Skr. yajur-v.]

Defn: See Veda.

YAK Yak, n. Etym: [Thibetan gyag.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bovine mammal (Poëphagus grunnies) native of the high plains of Central Asia. Its neck, the outer side of its legs, and its flanks, are covered with long, flowing, fine hair. Its tail is long and bushy, often white, and is valued as an ornament and for other purposes in India and China. There are several domesticated varieties, some of which lack the mane and the long hair on the flanks. Called also chauri gua, grunting cow, grunting ox, sarlac, sarlik, and sarluc. Yak lace, a coarse pillow lace made from the silky hair of the yak.

YAKAMILK Yak"a*milk, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Trumpeter, 3 (a).

YAKARE Yak"a*re`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Yacare.

YAKIN Ya"kin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large Asiatic antelope (Budorcas taxicolor) native of the higher parts of the Himalayas and other lofty mountains. Its head and neck resemble those of the ox, and its tail is like that of the goat. Called also budorcas.

YAKOOTS Ya*koots", n. pl.; sing. Yakoot (.

Defn: (Ethnol.) A nomadic Mongolian tribe native of Northern Siberia, and supposed to be of Turkish stock. They are mainly pastoral in their habits. [Written also Yakuts.]

YAKSHA Yak"sha, n. Etym: [Skr.] (Hindoo Myth.)

Defn: A kind of demigod attendant on Kuvera, the god of wealth.

YAKUT Ya*kut", n.

Defn: The Turkish language of the Yakuts, a Mongolian people of northeastern Siberia, which is lingua franca over much of eastern Siberia.

YALAH Ya"lah, n.

Defn: The oil of the mahwa tree.

YAM Yam, n. Etym: [Pg. inhame, probably from some native name.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large, esculent, farinaceous tuber of various climbing plants of the genus Dioscorea; also, the plants themselves. Mostly natives of warm climates. The plants have netted-veined, petioled leaves, and pods with three broad wings. The commonest species is D. sativa, but several others are cultivated. Chinese yam, a plant (Dioscorea Batatas) with a long and slender tuber, hardier than most of the other species. -- Wild yam. (a) A common plant (Dioscorea villosa) of the Eastern United States, having a hard and knotty rootstock. (b) An orchidaceous plant (Gastrodia sesamoides) of Australia and Tasmania.

YAMA Ya"ma, n. Etym: [Skr. yama a twin.] (Hindoo Myth.)

Defn: The king of the infernal regions, corresponding to the Greek Pluto, and also the judge of departed souls. In later times he is more exclusively considered the dire judge of all, and the tormentor of the wicked. He is represented as of a green color, with red garments, having a crown on his head, his eyes inflamed, and sitting on a buffalo, with a club and noose in his hands.

YAMEN Ya"men, n. [Chin. ya a civil or military court + men a gate.]

Defn: In China, the official headquarters or residence of a mandarin, including court rooms, offices, gardens, prisons, etc.; the place where the business of any public department is transcated.

YAMMA Yam"ma, n. Etym: [See Llama.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The llama.

YAMP Yamp, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An umbelliferous plant (Carum Gairdneri); also, its small fleshy roots, which are eaten by the Indians from Idaho to California.

YANG Yang, n. Etym: [Of imitative origin.]

Defn: The cry of the wild goose; a honk.

YANG Yang, v. i.

Defn: To make the cry of the wild goose.

YANK Yank, n. Etym: [Cf. Scot. yank a sudden and severe blow.]

Defn: A jerk or twitch. [Colloq. U. S.]

YANK Yank, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yanked; p. pr. & vb. n. Yanking.]

Defn: To twitch; to jerk. [Colloq. U. S.]

YANK Yank, n.

Defn: An abbreviation of Yankee. [Slang]

YANKEE Yan"kee, n. Etym: [Commonly considered to be a corrupt pronunciation of the word English, or of the French word Anglais, by the native Indians of America. According to Thierry, a corruption of Jankin, a diminutive of John, and a nickname given to the English colonists of Connecticut by the Dutch settlers of New York. Dr. W. Gordon ("Hist. of the Amer. War," ed, 1789, vol. i., pp. 324, 325) says it was a favorite cant word in Cambridge, Mass., as early as 1713, and that it meant excellent; as, a yankee good horse, yankee good cider, etc. Cf. Scot yankie a sharp, clever, and rather bold woman, and Prov. E. bow- yankees a kind of leggins worn by agricultural laborers.]

Defn: A nickname for a native of citizen of New England, especially one descended from old New England stock; by extension, an inhabitant of the Northern States as distinguished from a Southerner; also, applied sometimes by foreigners to any inhabitant of the United States. From meanness first this Portsmouth Yankey rose, And still to meanness all his conduct flows. Oppression, A poem by an American (Boston, 1765).

YANKEE Yan"kee, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a Yankee; characteristic of the Yankees. The alertness of the Yankee aspect. Hawthorne. Yankee clover. (Bot.) See Japan clover, under Japan.

YANKEE-DOODLE Yan`kee-Doo"dle, n.

1. The name of a tune adopted popularly as one of the national airs of the United States.

2. Humorously, a Yankee. We might have withheld our political noodles From knocking their heads against hot Yankee-Doodles. Moore.

YANKEEISM Yan"kee*ism, n.

Defn: A Yankee idiom, word, custom, or the like. Lowell.

YAOURT Yaourt, n. Etym: [Turk. yoghurt.]

Defn: A fermented drink, or milk beer, made by the Turks.

YAP Yap, v. i. Etym: [Icel. gjalpa; akin to yelp. Cf. Yaup.]

Defn: To bark; to yelp. L'Estrange.

YAP Yap, n.

Defn: A bark; a yelp.

YAPOCK Ya"pock, n. Etym: [Probably from the river Oyapok, between French Guiana and Brazil.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American aquatic opossum (Chironectes variegatus) found in Guiana and Brazil. Its hind feet are webbed, and its fore feet do not have an opposable thumb for climbing. Called also water opossum. [Written also yapack.]

YAPON Ya"pon, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Yaupon.

YARAGE Yar"age (; 48), n. Etym: [See Yare, a.] (Naut.)

Defn: The power of moving, or being managed, at sea; -- said with reference to a ship. Sir T. North.

YARD Yard, n. Etym: [OE. yerd, AS. gierd, gyrd, a rod, ierde, OS. gerda, D. garde, G. gerte, OHG. gartia, gerta, gart, Icel. gaddr a goad, sting, Goth. gazds, and probably to L. hasta a spear. Cf. Gad, n., Gird, n., Gride, v. i., Hastate.]

1. A rod; a stick; a staff. [Obs.] P. Plowman. If men smote it with a yerde. Chaucer.

2. A branch; a twig. [Obs.] The bitter frosts with the sleet and rain Destroyed hath the green in every yerd. Chaucer.

3. A long piece of timber, as a rafter, etc. [Obs.]

4. A measure of length, equaling three feet, or thirty-six inches, being the standard of English and American measure.

5. The penis.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: A long piece of timber, nearly cylindrical, tapering toward the ends, and designed to support and extend a square sail. A yard is usually hung by the center to the mast. See Illust. of Ship. Golden Yard, or Yard and Ell (Astron.), a popular name the three stars in the belt of Orion. -- Under yard [i. e., under the rod], under contract. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YARD Yard, n. Etym: [OE. yard, yerd, AS. geard; akin to OFries. garda garden, OS. gardo garden, gard yard, D. gaard garden, G. garten, OHG. garto garden, gari inclosure, Icel. gar yard, house, Sw. gård, Dan. g, Goth. gards a house, garda sheepfold, L. hortus garden, Gr. Court, Garden, Garth, Horticulture, Orchard.]

1. An inclosure; usually, a small inclosed place in front of, or around, a house or barn; as, a courtyard; a cowyard; a barnyard. A yard . . . inclosed all about with sticks In which she had a cock, hight chanticleer. Chaucer.

2. An inclosure within which any work or business is carried on; as, a dockyard; a shipyard. Liberty of the yard, a liberty, granted to persons imprisoned for debt, of walking in the yard, or within any other limits prescribed by law, on their giving bond not to go beyond those limits. -- Prison yard, an inclosure about a prison, or attached to it. -- Yard grass (Bot.), a low-growing grass (Eleusine Indica) having digitate spikes. It is common in dooryards, and like places, especially in the Southern United States. Called also crab grass. -- Yard of land. See Yardland.

YARD Yard, v. t.

Defn: To confine (cattle) to the yard; to shut up, or keep, in a yard; as, to yard cows.

YARDARM Yard"arm`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: Either half of a square-rigged vessel's yard, from the center or mast to the end.

Note: Ships are said to be yardarm and yardarm when so near as to touch, or interlock yards.

YARDFUL Yard"ful, n.; pl. Yardfuls (.

Defn: As much as a yard will contain; enough to fill a yard.

YARDLAND Yard"land`, n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A measure of land of uncertain quantity, varying from fifteen to forty acres; a virgate. [Obs.]

YARDSTICK Yard"stick`, n.

Defn: A stick three feet, or a yard, in length, used as a measure of cloth, etc.

YARDWAND Yard"wand`, n.

Defn: A yardstick. Tennyson.

YARE Yare, a. Etym: [OE. yare, ýaru, AS. gearu; akin to OS. garu, OHG. garo, G. gar, Icel. gerr perfect, görva quite, G. gerben to tan, to curry, OHG. garawen, garwen, to make ready. Cf. Carouse, Garb clothing, Gear, n.]

Defn: Ready; dexterous; eager; lively; quick to move. [Obs.] "Be yare in thy preparation." Shak. The lesser [ship] will come and go, leave or take, and is yare; whereas the greater is slow. Sir W. Raleigh.

YARE Yare, adv.

Defn: Soon. [Obs.] Cursor Mundi.

YARELY Yare"ly, adv.

Defn: In a yare manner. [Obs.] Shak.

YARK Yark, v. t. & i.

Defn: To yerk. [Prov. Eng.]

YARKE Yar"ke, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Saki.

YARN Yarn, n. Etym: [OE. yarn, ýarn, AS. gearn; akin to D. garen, G., OHG., Icel., Sw., & Dan. garn; of uncertain origin. Cf. Cord.]

1. Spun wool; woolen thread; also, thread of other material, as of cotton, flax, hemp, or silk; material spun and prepared for use in weaving, knitting, manufacturing sewing thread, or the like.

2. (Rope Making)

Defn: One of the threads of which the strands of a rope are composed.

3. A story told by a sailor for the amusement of his companions; a story or tale; as, to spin a yarn. [Colloq.]

YARNEN Yarn"en, a.

Defn: Made of yarn; consisting of yarn. [Obs.] "A pair of yarnen stocks." Turbervile.

YARNUT Yar"nut`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Yernut.

YARR Yarr, v. i. Etym: [OE. ýarren.]

Defn: To growl or snarl as a dog. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

YARRISH Yar"rish, a. Etym: [Prov. E. yar sour, yare brackish.]

Defn: Having a rough, dry taste. [Prov. Eng.]

YARROW Yar"row, n. Etym: [OE. yarowe, yarwe, ýarowe, AS. gearwe; akin to D. gerw, OHG. garwa, garawa, G. garbe, schafgarbe, and perhaps to E. yare.] (Bot.)

Defn: An American and European composite plant (Achillea Millefolium) with very finely dissected leaves and small white corymbed flowers. It has a strong, and somewhat aromatic, odor and taste, and is sometimes used in making beer, or is dried for smoking. Called also milfoil, and nosebleed.

YARWHIP Yar"whip`, n. Etym: [So called from its sharp cry uttered when taking wing.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European bar-tailed godwit; -- called also yardkeep, and yarwhelp. See Godwit. [Prov. Eng.]

YATAGHAN Yat"a*ghan, n. Etym: [Turk. yataghan.]

Defn: A long knife, or short saber, common among Mohammedan nations, usually having a double curve, sometimes nearly straight. [Written also ataghan, attaghan.] Chaucer.

YATE Yate, n.

Defn: A gate. See 1st Gate. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Spenser.

YAUD Yaud, n.

Defn: See Yawd. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

YAUL Yaul, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Yawl.

YAULP Yaulp, v. i.

Defn: To yaup.

YAUP Yaup, v. i. Etym: [See Yap, and Yelp.]

Defn: To cry out like a child; to yelp. [Scot. & Colloq. U. S.] [Written also yawp.]

YAUP Yaup, n. Etym: [Written also yawp.]

1. A cry of distress, rage, or the like, as the cry of a sickly bird, or of a child in pain. [Scot. & Colloq. U. S.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

YAUPER Yaup"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, yaups.

YAUPON Yau"pon, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A shrub (Ilex Cassine) of the Holly family, native from Virginia to Florida. The smooth elliptical leaves are used as a substitute for tea, and were formerly used in preparing the black drink of the Indians of North Carolina. Called also South-Sea tea. [Written also yapon, youpon, and yupon.]

YAUTIA Yau*ti"a, n. [Native name in the Antilles.]

Defn: In Porto Rico, any of several araceous plants or their starchy edible roots, which are cooked and eaten like yams or potatoes, as the taro.

YAW Yaw, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Yawed; p. pr. & vb. n. Yawing.] Etym: [Cf. Yew, v. i.]

Defn: To rise in blisters, breaking in white froth, as cane juice in the clarifiers in sugar works.

YAW Yaw, v. i. & t. Etym: [Cf. Prov. G. gagen to rock, gageln to totter, shake, Norw. gaga to bend backward, Icel. gagr bent back, gaga to throw the neck back.] (Naut.)

Defn: To steer wild, or out of the line of her course; to deviate from her course, as when struck by a heavy sea; -- said of a ship. Just as he would lay the ship's course, all yawing being out of the question. Lowell.

YAW Yaw, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A movement of a vessel by which she temporarily alters her course; a deviation from a straight course in steering.

YAWD Yawd, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. jalda a mare, E. jade a nag.]

Defn: A jade; an old horse or mare. [Written also yaud.] [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Grose.

YAWI Yawi, n.

Defn: A fore-and-aft-rigged vessel with a mainmast stepped a little farther forward than in a sloop and carrying a mainsail and jibs, with a jigger mast far aft, usually placed abaft the rudder post.

YAWL Yawl, n. Etym: [D. jol; akin to LG. & Dan. jolle, Sw. julle. Cf. Jolly-boat.] (Naut.)

Defn: A small ship's boat, usually rowed by four or six oars. [Written also yaul.]

YAWL Yawl, v. i. Etym: [OE. ýaulen, ýoulen, gaulen, goulen, Icel. gaula to low, bellow. Cf. Gowl.]

Defn: To cry out like a dog or cat; to howl; to yell. Tennyson. There howling Scyllas yawling round about. Fairfax.

YAWL-RIGGED Yawl"-rigged", a. (Naut.)

Defn: Having two masts with fore-and-aft sails, but differing from a schooner in that the after mast is very small, and stepped as far aft as possible. See Illustration in Appendix.

YAWN Yawn, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Yawned; p. pr. & vb. n. Yawning.] Etym: [OE. yanien, ýanien, ganien, gonien, AS. ganian; akin to ginian to yawn, ginan to yawn, open wide, G. gähnen to yawn, OHG. ginen, geinon, Icel. gina to yawn, gin the mouth, OSlav. zijati to yawn, L. hiare to gape, yawn; and perhaps to E. begin, cf. Gr. b. Cf. Begin, Gin to begin, Hiatus.]

1. To open the mouth involuntarily through drowsiness, dullness, or fatigue; to gape; to oscitate. "The lazy, yawning drone." Shak. And while above he spends his breath, The yawning audience nod beneath. Trumbull.

2. To open wide; to gape, as if to allow the entrance or exit of anything. 't is now the very witching time of night, When churchyards yawn. Shak.

3. To open the mouth, or to gape, through surprise or bewilderment. Shak.

4. To be eager; to desire to swallow anything; to express desire by yawning; as, to yawn for fat livings. "One long, yawning gaze." Landor.

YAWN Yawn, n.

1. An involuntary act, excited by drowsiness, etc., consisting of a deep and long inspiration following several successive attempts at inspiration, the mouth, fauces, etc., being wide open. One person yawning in company will produce a spontaneous yawn in all present. N. Chipman.

2. The act of opening wide, or of gaping. Addison.

3. A chasm, mouth, or passageway. [R.] Now gape the graves, and trough their yawns let loose Imprisoned spirits. Marston.

YAWNINGLY Yawn"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a yawning manner.

YAWP Yawp, v. & n.

Defn: See Yaup.

YAWS Yaws, n. Etym: [African yaw a raspberry.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease, occurring in the Antilles and in Africa, characterized by yellowish or reddish tumors, of a contagious character, which, in shape and appearance, often resemble currants, strawberries, or raspberries. There are several varieties of this disease, variously known as framboesia, pian, verrugas, and crab- yaws.

YAW-WEED Yaw"-weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A low, shrubby, rubiaceous plant (Morinda Royoc) growing along the seacoast of the West Indies. It has small, white, odorous flowers.

YAZOO FRAUD Yaz"oo Fraud. (U. S. Hist.)

Defn: The grant by the State of Georgia, by Act of Jan. 7, 1795, of 35,000,000 acres of her western territory, for $500,000, to four companies known as the Yazoo Companies from the region granted ; -- commonly so called, the act being known as the Yazoo Frauds Act, because of alleged corruption of the legislature, every member but one being a shareholder in one or more of the companies. The act granting the land was repealed in 1796 by a new legislature, and the repealing provision was incorporated in the State constitution in 1798. In 1802 the territory was ceded to the United States. The claims of the purchasers, whom Georgia had refused to compensate, were sustained by the United States Supreme Court, which (1810) declared the repealing act of 1796 unconstitutional. Congress in 1814 ordered the lands sold and appropriated $5,000,000 to pay the claims.

YBE Y*be", obs. p. p. of Be.

Defn: Been. Chaucer.

YCLEPED Y*cleped", p. p. Etym: [AS. geclipod, p. p. of clipian, cleopian, cliopian, to call. See Clepe, and also the Note under Y-.]

Defn: Called; named; -- obsolete, except in archaic or humorous writings. [Spelt also yclept.] It is full fair to ben yclept madame. Chaucer. But come, thou goddess fair and free. In heaven ycleped Euphrosyne. Milton. Those charming little missives ycleped valentines. Lamb.

Y CURRENT Y current. (Elec.)

Defn: The current through one branch of the star arrangement of a three-phase circuit.

YDO Y*do", obs. p. p. of Do.

Defn: Done. Chaucer.

YDRAD Y*drad", obs. p. p. of Dread.

Defn: Dreaded. Yet nothing did he dread, but ever was ydrad. Spenser.

YE Ye,

Defn: an old method of printing the article the (AS. þe), the "y" being used in place of the Anglo-Saxon thorn. It is sometimes incorrectly pronounced ye. See The, and Thorn, n., 4.

YE Y"ë (e"e), n.; pl. Yën (.

Defn: An eye. [Obs.] From his yën ran the water down. Chaucer.

YE Ye (ye), pron. Etym: [OE. ye, ýe, nom. pl., AS. ge, gi; cf. OS. ge, gi, OFries. gi, i, D. gij, Dan. & Sw. i, Icel. er, OHG. ir, G. ihr, Goth. jus, Lith. jus, Gr. yuyam.

Defn: The plural of the pronoun of the second person in the nominative case. Ye ben to me right welcome heartily. Chaucer. But ye are washed, but ye are sanctified. 1 Cor. vi. 11. This would cost you your life in case ye were a man. Udall.

Note: In Old English ye was used only as a nominative, and you only as a dative or objective. In the 16th century, however, ye and you became confused and were often used interchangeably, both as nominatives and objectives, and you has now superseded ye except in solemn or poetic use. See You, and also the first Note under Thou. Vain pomp and glory of this world, I hate ye. Shak. I come, kind gentlemen, strange news to tell ye. Dryden.

YE Ye, adv. Etym: [See Yea.]

Defn: Yea; yes. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YEA Yea (ya or ye; 277), adv. Etym: [OE. ye, ya, ýe, ýa, AS. geá; akin to OFries. g, i, OS., D., OHG., G., Dan. & Sw. ja, Icel, ja, Goth. ja, jai, and probably to Gr. Yes.]

1. Yes; ay; a word expressing assent, or an affirmative, or an affirmative answer to a question, now superseded by yes. See Yes. Let your communication be yea, yea; nay, nay. Matt. v. 37.

2. More than this; not only so, but; -- used to mark the addition of a more specific or more emphatic clause. Cf. Nay, adv., 2. I therein do rejoice, yea, and will rejoice. Phil. i. 18.

Note: Yea sometimes introduces a clause, with the sense of indeed, verily, truly. "Yea, hath God said, Ye shall not eat of every tree of the garden" Gen. iii. 1.

YEA Yea, n.

Defn: An affirmative vote; one who votes in the affirmative; as, a vote by yeas and nays.

Note: In the Scriptures, yea is used as a sign of certainty or stability. "All the promises of God in him are yea, and in him Amen." 2 Cor. i. 20.

YEAD Yead, v. i.

Defn: Properly, a variant of the defective imperfect yode, but sometimes mistaken for a present. See the Note under Yede. [Obs.] Years yead away and faces fair deflower. Drant.

YEAN Yean, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Yeaned; p. pr. & vb. n. Yeaning.] Etym: [AS. eánian, or geeánian; perhaps akin to E. ewe, or perhaps to L. agnus, Gr. Ean.]

Defn: To bring forth young, as a goat or a sheep; to ean. Shak.

YEANLING Yean"ling, n. Etym: [Yean + -ling. Cf. Eanling.]

Defn: A lamb or a kid; an eanling. Shak.

YEAR Year, n. Etym: [OE. yer, yeer, ýer, AS. geár; akin to OFries. i, g, D. jaar, OHG. jar, G. jahr, Icel. ar, Dan. aar, Sw. år, Goth. j, Gr. yare year. sq. root4, 279. Cf. Hour, Yore.]

1. The time of the apparent revolution of the sun trough the ecliptic; the period occupied by the earth in making its revolution around the sun, called the astronomical year; also, a period more or less nearly agreeing with this, adopted by various nations as a measure of time, and called the civil year; as, the common lunar year of 354 days, still in use among the Mohammedans; the year of 360 days, etc. In common usage, the year consists of 365 days, and every fourth year (called bissextile, or leap year) of 366 days, a day being added to February on that year, on account of the excess above 365 days (see Bissextile). Of twenty year of age he was, I guess. Chaucer.

Note: The civil, or legal, year, in England, formerly commenced on the 25th of March. This practice continued throughout the British dominions till the year 1752.

2. The time in which any planet completes a revolution about the sun; as, the year of Jupiter or of Saturn.

3. pl.

Defn: Age, or old age; as, a man in years. Shak. Anomalistic year, the time of the earth's revolution from perihelion to perihelion again, which is 365 days, 6 hours, 13 minutes, and 48 seconds. -- A year's mind (Eccl.), a commemoration of a deceased person, as by a Mass, a year after his death. Cf. A month's mind, under Month. -- Bissextile year. See Bissextile. -- Canicular year. See under Canicular. -- Civil year, the year adopted by any nation for the computation of time. -- Common lunar year, the period of 12 lunar months, or 354 days. -- Common year, each year of 365 days, as distinguished from leap year. -- Embolismic year, or Intercalary lunar year, the period of 13 lunar months, or 384 days. -- Fiscal year (Com.), the year by which accounts are reckoned, or the year between one annual time of settlement, or balancing of accounts, and another. -- Great year. See Platonic year, under Platonic. -- Gregorian year, Julian year. See under Gregorian, and Julian. -- Leap year. See Leap year, in the Vocabulary. -- Lunar astronomical year, the period of 12 lunar synodical months, or 354 days, 8 hours, 48 minutes, 36 seconds. -- Lunisolar year. See under Lunisolar. -- Periodical year. See Anomalistic year, above. -- Platonic year, Sabbatical year. See under Platonic, and Sabbatical. -- Sidereal year, the time in which the sun, departing from any fixed star, returns to the same. This is 365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes, and 9.3 seconds. -- Tropical year. See under Tropical. -- Year and a day (O. Eng. Law), a time to be allowed for an act or an event, in order that an entire year might be secured beyond all question. Abbott. -- Year of grace, any year of the Christian era; Anno Domini; A. D. or a. d.

YEARA Ye*a"ra, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The California poison oak (Rhus diversiloba). See under Poison, a.

YEARBOOK Year"book`, n.

1. A book published yearly; any annual report or summary of the statistics or facts of a year, designed to be used as a reference book; as, the Congregational Yearbook.

2. (Eng. Law)

Defn: A book containing annual reports of cases adjudged in the courts of England.

Note: The Yearbooks are the oldest English reports extant, beginning with the reign of Edward II., and ending with the reign of Henry VIII. They were published annually, and derive their name from that fact. They consist of eleven parts, or volumes, are written in Law French, and extend over nearly two hundred years. There are, however, several hiatuses, or chasms, in the series. Kent. Bouvier.

YEARED Yeared, a.

Defn: Containing years; having existed or continued many years; aged. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

YEARLING Year"ling, n. Etym: [Year + -ling.]

Defn: An animal one year old, or in the second year of its age; -- applied chiefly to cattle, sheep, and horses.

YEARLING Year"ling, a.

Defn: Being a year old. "A yearling bullock to thy name small smoke." Pope.

YEARLY Year"ly, a. Etym: [AS. geárlic.]

1. Happening, accruing, or coming every year; annual; as, a yearly income; a yearly feast.

2. Lasting a year; as, a yearly plant.

3. Accomplished in a year; as, the yearly circuit, or revolution, of the earth. Shak.

YEARLY Year"ly, adv. Etym: [AS. geárlice.]

Defn: Annually; once a year to year; as, blessings yearly bestowed. Yearly will I do this rite. Shak.

YEARN Yearn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yearned; p. pr. & vb. n. Yearning.] Etym: [Also earn, ern; probably a corruption of OE. ermen to grieve, AS. ierman, yrman, or geierman, geyrman, fr. earm wretched, poor; akin to D. & G. arm, Icel. armr, Goth. arms. The y- in English is perhaps due to the AS. ge (see Y-).]

Defn: To pain; to grieve; to vex. [Obs.] "She laments, sir, for it, that it would yearn your heart to see it." Shak. It yearns me not if men my garments wear. Shak.

YEARN Yearn, v. i.

Defn: To be pained or distressed; to grieve; to mourn. [Obs.] "Falstaff he is dead, and we must yearn therefore." Shak.

YEARN Yearn, v. i. & t. Etym: [See Yearnings.]

Defn: To curdle, as milk. [Scot.]

YEARN Yearn, v. i. Etym: [OE. yernen, , , AS. geornian, gyrnan, fr. georn desirous, eager; akin to OS. gern desirous, girnean, gernean, to desire, D. gaarne gladly, willingly, G. gern, OHG. gerno, adv., gern, a., G. gier greed, OHG. giri greed, ger desirous, ger to desire, G. begehren, Icel. girna to desire, gjarn eager, Goth. faíhugaírns covetous, gaírnjan to desire, and perhaps to Gr. hary to desire, to like.

Defn: To be filled with longing desire; to be harassed or rendered uneasy with longing, or feeling the want of a thing; to strain with emotions of affection or tenderness; to long; to be eager. Joseph made haste; for his bowels did yearn upon his brother; and he sought where to weep. Gen. xliii. 30. Your mother's heart yearns towards you. Addison.

YEARNFUL Yearn"ful, a. Etym: [OE. , AS. geornfull.]

Defn: Desirous. [Obs.] Ormulum. P. Fletcher.

YEARNINGLY Yearn"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With yearning.

YEARNINGS Yearn"ings, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. AS. geirnan, geyrnan, to rum. See 4th Earn.]

Defn: The maws, or stomachs, of young calves, used a rennet for curdling milk. [Scot.]

YEAR'S PURCHASE Year's purchase.

Defn: The amount that is yielded by the annual income of property; -- used in expressing the value of a thing in the number of years required for its income to yield its purchase price, in reckoning the amount to be paid for annuities, etc.

YEARTH Yearth, n.

Defn: The earth. [Obs.] "Is my son dead or hurt or on the yerthe felled" Ld. Berners.

YEAST Yeast, n. Etym: [OE. ýeest, ýest, AS. gist; akin to D. gest, gist, G. gischt, gäscht, OHG. jesan, jerian, to ferment, G. gischen, gäschen, gähren, Gr. zei^n to boil, Skr. yas. sq. root111.]

1. The foam, or troth (top yeast), or the sediment (bottom yeast), of beer or other in fermentation, which contains the yeast plant or its spores, and under certain conditions produces fermentation in saccharine or farinaceous substances; a preparation used for raising dough for bread or cakes, and making it light and puffy; barm; ferment.

2. Spume, or foam, of water. They melt thy yeast of waves, which mar Alike the Armada's pride, or spoils of Trafalgar. Byron.

Defn: A form of fungus which grows as indvidual rounded cells, rather than in a mycelium, and reproduces by budding; esp. members of the orders Endomycetales and Moniliales. Some fungi may grow both as a yeast or as a mycelium, depending on the conditions of growth. Yeast cake, a mealy cake impregnated with the live germs of the yeast plant, and used as a conveniently transportable substitute for yeast. -- Yeast plant (Bot.), the vegetable organism, or fungus, of which beer yeast consists. The yeast plant is composed of simple cells, or granules, about one three-thousandth of an inch in diameter, often united into filaments which reproduce by budding, and under certain circumstances by the formation of spores. The name is extended to other ferments of the same genus. See Saccharomyces. -- Yeast powder, a baling powder, -- used instead of yeast in leavening bread.

YEAST-BITTEN Yeast"-bit`ten, a. (Brewing)

Defn: A term used of beer when the froth of the yeast has reëntered the body of the beer.

YEASTINESS Yeast"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being yeasty, or frothy.

YEASTY Yeast"y, a.

Defn: Frothy; foamy; spumy, like yeast.

YEDDING Yed"ding, n. Etym: [AS. geddung, gidding, giedding, from gieddian, giddian, to sing, speak.]

Defn: The song of a minstrel; hence, any song. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YEDE Yede, obs. imp.

Defn: Went. See Yode. All as he bade fulfilled was indeed This ilke servant anon right out yede. Chaucer.

Note: Spenser and some later writers mistook this for a present of the defective imperfect yode. It is, however, only a variant of yode. See Yode, and cf. Yead. [He] on foot was forced for to yeed. Spenser

YEEL Yeel, n.

Defn: An eel. [Obs.] Holland.

YELDHALL Yeld"hall`, n.

Defn: Guildhall. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YELDRIN; YELDRINE Yel"drin or; Yel"drine, n. Etym: [Cf. Yellow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The yellow-hammer; -- called also yeldrock, and yoldrin. [Prov. Eng.]

YELK Yelk, n.

Defn: Same as Yolk.

YELL Yell, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Yelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Yelling.] Etym: [OE. yellen, , AS. giellan, gillan, gyllan; akin to D. gillen, OHG. gellan, G. gellen, Icel. gjalla, Sw. gälla to ring, resound, and to AS., OS., & OHG. galan to sing, Icel. gala. Cf. 1st Gale, and Nightingale.]

Defn: To cry out, or shriek, with a hideous noise; to cry or scream as with agony or horror. They yelleden as feendes doon in helle. Chaucer. Nor the night raven, that still deadly yells. Spenser. Infernal ghosts and hellish furies round Environed thee; some howled, some yelled. Milton.

YELL Yell, v. t.

Defn: To utter or declare with a yell; to proclaim in a loud tone. Shak.

YELL Yell, n.

Defn: A sharp, loud, hideous outcry. Their hideous yells Rend the dark welkin. J. Philips.

YELLOW Yel"low, a. [Compar. Yellower; superl. Yellowest.] Etym: [OE. yelow, yelwe, ýelow, ýeoluw, from AS. geolu; akin to D. geel, OS. & OHG. gelo, G. gelb, Icel. gulr, Sw. gul, Dan. guul, L. helvus light bay, Gr. hari tawny, yellowish. Chlorine, Gall a bitter liquid, Gold, Yolk.]

Defn: Being of a bright saffronlike color; of the color of gold or brass; having the hue of that part of the rainbow, or of the solar spectrum, which is between the orange and the green. Her yellow hair was browded [braided] in a tress. Chaucer. A sweaty reaper from his tillage brought First fruits, the green ear and the yellow sheaf. Milton. The line of yellow light dies fast away. Keble. Yellow atrophy (Med.), a fatal affection of the liver, in which it undergoes fatty degeneration, and becomes rapidly smaller and of a deep yellow tinge. The marked symptoms are black vomit, delirium, convulsions, coma, and jaundice. -- Yellow bark, calisaya bark. -- Yellow bass (Zoöl.), a North American fresh-water bass (Morone interrupta) native of the lower parts of the Mississippi and its tributaries. It is yellow, with several more or less broken black stripes or bars. Called also barfish. -- Yellow berry. (Bot.) Same as Persian berry, under Persian. -- Yellow boy, a gold coin, as a guinea. [Slang] Arbuthnot. -- Yellow brier. (Bot.) See under Brier. -- Yellow bugle (Bot.), a European labiate plant (Ajuga Chamæpitys). -- Yellow bunting (Zoöl.), the European yellow-hammer. -- Yellow cat (Zoöl.), a yellow catfish; especially, the bashaw. -- Yellow copperas (Min.), a hydrous sulphate of iron; -- called also copiapite. -- Yellow copper ore, a sulphide of copper and iron; copper pyrites. See Chalcopyrite. -- Yellow cress (Bot.), a yellow-flowered, cruciferous plant (Barbarea præcox), sometimes grown as a salad plant. -- Yellow dock. (Bot.) See the Note under Dock. -- Yellow earth, a yellowish clay, colored by iron, sometimes used as a yellow pigment. -- Yellow fever (Med.), a malignant, contagious, febrile disease of warm climates, attended with jaundice, producing a yellow color of the skin, and with the black vomit. See Black vomit, in the Vocabulary. -- Yellow flag, the quarantine flag. See under Quarantine, and 3d Flag. -- Yellow jack. (a) The yellow fever. See under 2d Jack. (b) The quarantine flag. See under Quarantine. -- Yellow jacket (Zoöl.), any one of several species of American social wasps of the genus Vespa, in which the color of the body is partly bright yellow. These wasps are noted for their irritability, and for their painful stings. -- Yellow lead ore (Min.), wulfenite. -- Yellow lemur (Zoöl.), the kinkajou. -- Yellow macauco (Zoöl.), the kinkajou. -- Yellow mackerel (Zoöl.), the jurel. -- Yellow metal. Same as Muntz metal, under Metal. -- Yellow ocher (Min.), an impure, earthy variety of brown iron ore, which is used as a pigment. -- Yellow oxeye (Bot.), a yellow-flowered plant (Chrysanthemum segetum) closely related to the oxeye daisy. -- Yellow perch (Zoöl.), the common American perch. See Perch. -- Yellow pike (Zoöl.), the wall-eye. -- Yellow pine (Bot.), any of several kinds of pine; also, their yellowish and generally durable timber. Among the most common are valuable species are Pinus mitis and P. palustris of the Eastern and Southern States, and P. ponderosa and P. Arizonica of the Rocky Mountains and Pacific States. -- Yellow plover (Zoöl.), the golden plover. -- Yellow precipitate (Med. Chem.), an oxide of mercury which is thrown down as an amorphous yellow powder on adding corrosive sublimate to limewater. -- Yellow puccoon. (Bot.) Same as Orangeroot. -- Yellow rail (Zoöl.), a small American rail (Porzana Noveboracensis) in which the lower parts are dull yellow, darkest on the breast. The back is streaked with brownish yellow and with black, and spotted with white. Called also yellow crake. -- Yellow rattle, Yellow rocket. (Bot.) See under Rattle, and Rocket. -- Yellow Sally (Zoöl.), a greenish or yellowish European stone fly of the genus Chloroperla; -- so called by anglers. -- Yellow sculpin (Zoöl.), the dragonet. -- Yellow snake (Zoöl.), a West Indian boa (Chilobothrus inornatus) common in Jamaica. It becomes from eight to ten long. The body is yellowish or yellowish green, mixed with black, and anteriorly with black lines. -- Yellow spot. (a) (Anat.) A small yellowish spot with a central pit, the fovea centralis, in the center of the retina where vision is most accurate. See Eye. (b) (Zoöl.) A small American butterfly (Polites Peckius) of the Skipper family. Its wings are brownish, with a large, irregular, bright yellow spot on each of the hind wings, most conspicuous beneath. Called also Peck's skipper. See Illust. under Skipper, n., 5. -- Yellow tit (Zoöl.), any one of several species of crested titmice of the genus Machlolophus, native of India. The predominating colors of the plumage are yellow and green. -- Yellow viper (Zoöl.), the fer-de-lance. -- Yellow warbler (Zoöl.), any one of several species of American warblers of the genus Dendroica in which the predominant color is yellow, especially D. æstiva, which is a very abundant and familiar species; -- called also garden warbler, golden warbler, summer yellowbird, summer warbler, and yellow-poll warbler. -- Yellow wash (Pharm.), yellow oxide of mercury suspended in water, -- a mixture prepared by adding corrosive sublimate to limewater. -- Yellow wren (Zoöl.) (a) The European willow warbler. (b) The European wood warbler.

YELLOW Yel"low, n.

1. A bright golden color, reflecting more light than any other except white; the color of that part of the spectrum which is between the orange and green. "A long motley coat guarded with yellow." Shak.

2. A yellow pigment. Cadmium yellow, Chrome yellow, Indigo yellow, King's yellow, etc. See under Cadmium, Chrome, etc. -- Naples yellow, a yellow amorphous pigment, used in oil, porcelain, and enamel painting, consisting of a basic lead metantimonate, obtained by fusing together tartar emetic lead nitrate, and common salt. -- Patent yellow (Old Chem.), a yellow pigment consisting essentially of a lead oxychloride; -- called also Turner's yellow.

YELLOW Yel"low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yellowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Yellowing.]

Defn: To make yellow; to cause to have a yellow tinge or color; to dye yellow.

YELLOW Yel"low, v. i.

Defn: To become yellow or yellower.

YELLOWAMMER Yel"low*am`mer, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Yellow-hammer.

YELLOWBILL Yel"low*bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American scoter.

YELLOWBIRD Yel"low*bird`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The American goldfinch, or thistle bird. See Goldfinch. (b) The common yellow warbler; -- called also summer yellowbird. See Illust. of Yellow warbler, under Yellow, a.

YELLOW BOOK Yellow Book. [F. livre jaune.]

Defn: In France, an official government publication bound in yellow covers.

YELLOW-COVERED Yel"low-cov`ered, a.

Defn: Covered or bound in yellow paper. Yellow-covered literature, cheap sensational novels and trashy magazines; -- formerly so called from the usual color of their covers. [Colloq. U. S.] Bartlett.

YELLOW-EYED Yel"low-eyed`, a.

Defn: Having yellow eyes. Yellow-eyed grass (Bot.), any plant of the genus Xyris.

YELLOWFIN Yel"low*fin`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large squeteague.

YELLOWFISH Yel"low*fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A rock trout (Pleurogrammus monopterygius) found on the coast of Alaska; -- called also striped fish, and Atka mackerel.

YELLOW-GOLDS Yel"low-golds`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A certain plant, probably the yellow oxeye. B. Jonson.

YELLOWHAMMER Yel"low*ham`mer, n. Etym: [For yellow-ammer, where ammer is fr. AS. amore a kind of bird; akin to G. ammer a yellow-hammer, OHG. amero.] (Zoöl.) (a) A common European finch (Emberiza citrinella). The color of the male is bright yellow on the breast, neck, and sides of the head, with the back yellow and brown, and the top of the head and the tail quills blackish. Called also yellow bunting, scribbling lark, and writing lark. [Written also yellow-ammer.] (b) The flicker. [Local, U. S.]

YELLOWING Yel"low*ing, n.

Defn: The act or process of making yellow. Softened . . . by the yellowing which time has given. G. Eliot.

YELLOWISH Yel"low*ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat yellow; as, amber is of a yellowish color. -- Yel"low*ish*ness, n.

YELLOWLEGS Yel"low*legs`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of long-legged sandpipers of the genus Totanus, in which the legs are bright yellow; -- called also stone snipe, tattler, telltale, yellowshanks; and yellowshins. See Tattler, 2.

YELLOWNESS Yel"low*ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being yellow; as, the yellowness of an orange.

2. Jealousy. [Obs.] I will possess him with yellowness. Shak.

YELLOWROOT Yel"low*root`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of several plants with yellow roots. Specifically: (a) See Xanthorhiza. (b) Same as Orangeroot.

YELLOWS Yel"lows, n.

1. (Far.)

Defn: A disease of the bile in horses, cattle, and sheep, causing yellowness of the eyes; jaundice. His horse . . . sped with spavins, rayed with the yellows. Shak.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A disease of plants, esp. of peach trees, in which the leaves turn to a yellowish color; jeterus.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of butterflies in which the predominating color is yellow. It includes the common small yellow butterflies. Called also redhorns, and sulphurs. See Sulphur.

YELLOWSEED Yel"low*seed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of pepper grass (Lepidium campestre).

YELLOWSHANKS; YELLOWSHINS Yel"low*shanks`, Yel"low*shins`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Yellolegs.

YELLOWTAIL Yel"low*tail`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of marine carangoid fishes of the genus Seriola; especially, the large California species (S. dorsalis) which sometimes weighs thirty or forty pounds, and is highly esteemed as a food fish; -- called also cavasina, and white salmon. (b) The mademoiselle, or silver perch. (c) The menhaden. (d) The runner, 12. (e) A California rockfish (Sebastodes flavidus). (f) The sailor's choice (Diplodus rhomboides).

Note: Several other fishes are also locally called yellowtail.

YELLOWTHROAT Yel"low*throat`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of American ground warblers of the genus Geothlypis, esp. the Maryland yellowthroat (G. trichas), which is a very common species.

YELLOWTOP Yel"low*top`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of grass, perhaps a species of Agrostis.

YELLOWWOOD Yel"low*wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The wood of any one of several different kinds of trees; also, any one of the trees themselves. Among the trees so called are the Cladrastis tinctoria, an American leguminous tree; the several species of prickly ash (Xanthoxylum); the Australian Flindersia Oxleyana, a tree related to the mahogany; certain South African species of Podocarpus, trees related to the yew; the East Indian Podocarpus latifolia; and the true satinwood (Chloroxylon Swietenia). All these Old World trees furnish valuable timber.

YELLOWWORT Yel"low*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A European yellow-flowered, gentianaceous (Chlora perfoliata). The whole plant is intensely bitter, and is sometimes used as a tonic, and also in dyeing yellow.

YELP Yelp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Yelped; p. pr. & vb. n. Yelping.] Etym: [OE. yelpen, , to boast, boast noisily, AS. gielpan, gilpan, gylpan; akin to OHG. gelph arrogant: cf. Icel. gjalpa to yelp. Cf. Yap.]

1. To boast. [Obs.] I keep [care] not of armes for to yelpe. Chaucer.

2. To utter a sharp, quick cry, as a hound; to bark shrilly with eagerness, pain, or fear; to yaup. A little herd of England's timorous deer, Mazed with a yelping kennel of French curs Shak. At the least flourish of a broomstick or ladle, he would fly to the door with a yelping precipitation. W. Irving.

YELP Yelp, n.

Defn: A sharp, quick cry; a bark. Chaucer.

YELPER Yelp"er, n.

Defn: An animal that yelps, or makes a yelping noise. Specifically: (Zoöl.) (a) The avocet; -- so called from its sharp, shrill cry. [Prov. Eng.] (b) The tattler. [Local, U. S.]

YELTING Yel"ting, n. [Orig. uncert.]

Defn: The Florida and West Indian red snapper (Lutianus aya); also, sometimes, one of certain other allied species, as L. caxis.

YEMAN Ye"man, n.

Defn: A yeoman. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YEN Yen, n.

Defn: The unit of value and account in Japan. Since Japan's adoption of the gold standard, in 1897, the value of the yen has been about 50 cents. The yen is equal to 100 sen.

YEND Yend, v. t.

Defn: To throw; to cast. [Prov. Eng.]

YENITE Ye"nite, n. Etym: [After Jena, in Germany.] (Min.)

Defn: A silicate of iron and lime occurring in black prismatic crystals; -- also called ilvaite. [Spelt also jenite.]

YEOMAN Yeo"man, n.; pl. Yeomen. Etym: [OE. yoman, ýeman, ýoman; of uncertain origin; perhaps the first, syllable is akin to OFries. ga district, region, G. gau, OHG. gewi, gouwi, Goth. gawi. sq. root100.]

1. A common man, or one of the commonly of the first or most respectable class; a freeholder; a man free born.

Note: A yeoman in England is considered as next in order to the gentry. The word is little used in the United States, unless as a title in law proceedings and instruments, designating occupation, and this only in particular States.

2. A servant; a retainer. [Obs.] A yeman hadde he and servants no mo. Chaucer.

3. A yeoman of the guard; also, a member of the yeomanry cavalry. [Eng.]

4. (Naut.)

Defn: An interior officer under the boatswain, gunner, or carpenters, charged with the stowage, account, and distribution of the stores. Yeoman of the guard, one of the bodyguard of the English sovereign, consisting of the hundred yeomen, armed with partisans, and habited in the costume of the sixteenth century. They are members of the royal household.

YEOMANLIKE Yeo"man*like`, a.

Defn: Resembling, or suitable to, a yeoman; yeomanly.

YEOMANLY Yeo"man*ly, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a yeoman; becoming or suitable to, a yeoman; yeomanlike. B. Jonson. Well could he dress his tackle yeomanly. Chaucer.

YEOMANRY Yeo"man*ry, n.

1. The position or rank of a yeoman. [Obs.] "His estate of yeomanry." Chaucer.

2. The collective body of yeomen, or freeholders. The enfranchised yeomanry began to feel an instinct for dominion. Bancroft.

3. The yeomanry cavalry. [Eng.] Yeomanry cavalry, certain bodies of volunteer cavalry liable to service in Great Britain only. [Eng.]

YEORLING Yeor"ling, n. Etym: [Cf. Yellow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European yellow-hammer.

YER Yer, prep.

Defn: Ere; before. [Obs.] Sylvester.

YERBA Yer"ba, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Bot.)

Defn: An herb; a plant.

Note: This word is much used in compound names of plants in Spanish; as, yerba buena Etym: [Sp., a good herb], a name applied in Spain to several kinds of mint (Mentha sativa, viridis, etc.), but in California universally applied to a common, sweet-scented labiate plant (Micromeria Douglasii). Yerba dol osa. Etym: [Sp., herb of the she-bear.] A kind of buckthorn (Rhamnus Californica). -- Yerba mansa. Etym: [Sp., a mild herb, soft herb.] A plant (Anemopsis Californica) with a pungent, aromatic rootstock, used medicinally by the Mexicans and the Indians. -- Yerba reuma. Etym: [Cf. Sp. reuma rheum, rheumatism.] A low California undershrub (Frankenia grandifolia).

YERD Yerd, n.

Defn: See 1st & 2d Yard. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YERK Yerk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yerked; p. pr. & vb. n. Yerking.] Etym: [See Yerk.]

1. To throw or thrust with a sudden, smart movement; to kick or strike suddenly; to jerk. Their wounded steeds . . . Yerk out their armed heels at their dead masters. Shak.

2. To strike or lash with a whip. [Obs. or Scot.]

YERK Yerk, v. i.

1. To throw out the heels; to kick; to jerk. They flirt, they yerk, they backward . . . fling. Drayton.

2. To move a quick, jerking motion.

YERK Yerk, n.

Defn: A sudden or quick thrust or motion; a jerk.

YERN Yern, v. i.

Defn: See 3d Yearn. [Obs.]

YERN Yern, a. Etym: [OE. ýern, ýeorne, AS. georn desirous, eager. See Yearn to long.]

Defn: Eager; brisk; quick; active. [Obs.] "Her song . . . loud and yern." Chaucer.

YERNE Yerne, adv. Etym: [OE. ýeorne. See Yern, a.]

Defn: Eagerly; briskly; quickly. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. My hands and my tongue go so yerne. Chaucer.

YERNUT Yer"nut`, n. Etym: [Cf. Dan. jordnöd, Sw. jordnöt, earthnut. Cf. Jarnut.]

Defn: An earthnut, or groundnut. See Groundnut (d). [Written also yarnut.]

YERST Yerst, adv.

Defn: See Erst. [Obs.] Sylvester.

YES Yes, adv. Etym: [OE. yis, ýis, ýes, ýise, AS. gese, gise; probably fr. geá yea + swa so. sq. root188. See Yea, and So.]

Defn: Ay; yea; -- a word which expresses affirmation or consent; -- opposed to Ant: no.

Note: Yes is used, like yea, to enforce, by repetition or addition, something which precedes; as, you have done all this -- yes, you have done more. "Yes, you despise the man books confined." Pope.

Note: "The fine distinction between `yea' and `yes,' `nay' and `no,' that once existed in English, has quite disappeared. `Yea' and `nay' in Wyclif's time, and a good deal later, were the answers to questions framed in the affirmative. `Will he come' To this it would have been replied, `Yea' or `Nay', as the case might be. But, `Will he not come' To this the answer would have been `Yes' or `No.' Sir Thomas More finds fault with Tyndale, that in his translation of the Bible he had not observed this distinction, which was evidently therefore going out even then, that is, in the reign of Henry VIII.; and shortly after it was quite forgotten." Trench.

YEST Yest, n.

Defn: See Yeast. Shak.

YESTER Yes"ter, a. Etym: [See Yesterday.]

Defn: Last; last past; next before; of or pertaining to yesterday. [An enemy] whom yester sun beheld Mustering her charms. Dryden.

Note: This word is now seldom used except in a few compounds; as, yesterday, yesternight, etc.

YESTERDAY Yes"ter*day, n. Etym: [OE. ýisterdai, AS. geostran dæg, from geostran, geostra, giestran, gistran, gystran, yesterday (akin to D. gisteren, G. gestern, OHG. gestaron, Icel. gær yesterday, to-morrow, Goth. gistradagis to-morrow, L. heri yesterday, Gr. hyas) + dæg day. Cf. Hestern.

1. The day last past; the day next before the present. All our yesterdays have lighted fools The way to dusty death. Shak. We are but of yesterday, and know nothing. Job viii. 9.

2. Fig.: A recent time; time not long past. The proudest royal houses are but of yesterday, when compared with the line of supreme pontiffs. Macaulay.

YESTERDAY Yes"ter*day, adv.

Defn: On the day last past; on the day preceding to-day; as, the affair took place yesterday.

YESTEREVE; YESTER-EVENING Yes"ter*eve`, Yes"ter-e`ven*ing, n.

Defn: The evening of yesterday; the evening last past.

YESTERMORN; YESTER-MORNING Yes"ter*morn`, Yes"ter-morn`ing, n.

Defn: The morning of yesterday. Coleridge.

YESTERN Yes"tern, a. Etym: [See Yester.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to yesterday; relating to the day last past.

YESTERNIGHT Yes"ter*night`, n.

Defn: The last night; the night last past.

YESTERNIGHT Yes"ter*night`, adv. Etym: [AS. gystran niht. See Yesterday.]

Defn: On the last night. B. Jonson.

YESTERNOON Yes"ter*noon`, n.

Defn: The noon of yesterday; the noon last past.

YESTERWEEK Yes"ter*week`, n.

Defn: The week last past; last week.

YESTERYEAR Yes"ter*year`, n.

Defn: The year last past; last year.

YESTREEN Yes`treen", n.

Defn: Yester-evening; yesternight; last night. [R. or Scot.] Yestreen I did not know How largely I could live. Bp. Coxe.

YESTY Yest"y, a.

Defn: See Yeasty. Shak.

YET Yet, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of large marine gastropods belonging to the genus Yetus, or Cymba; a boat shell.

YET Yet, adv. Etym: [OE. yet, ýet, ýit, AS. git, gyt, giet, gieta; akin to OFries. ieta, eta, ita, MHG. iezuo, ieze, now, G. jetzo, jetzt.]

1. In addition; further; besides; over and above; still. "A little longer; yet a little longer." Dryden. This furnishes us with yet one more reason why our savior, lays such a particular stress acts of mercy. Atterbury. The rapine is made yet blacker by the pretense of piety and justice. L'Estrange.

2. At the same time; by continuance from a former state; still. Facts they had heard while they were yet heathens. Addison.

3. Up to the present time; thus far; hitherto; until now; -- and with the negative, not yet, not up to the present time; not as soon as now; as, Is it time to go Not yet. See As yet, under As, conj. Ne never yet no villainy ne said. Chaucer.

4. Before some future time; before the end; eventually; in time. "He 'll be hanged yet." Shak.

5. Even; -- used emphatically. Men may not too rashly believe the confessions of witches, nor yet the evidence against them. Bacon.

YET Yet, conj.

Defn: Nevertheless; notwithstanding; however. Yet I say unto you, That even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these. Matt. vi. 29.

Syn. -- See However.

YEVE Yeve, v. i.

Defn: To give. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YEVEN Yev"en, p. p.

Defn: Given. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YEW Yew, v. i.

Defn: See Yaw.

YEW Yew, n. Etym: [OE. ew, AS. eów, iw, eoh; akin to D. ijf, OHG. iwa, iha, G. eibe, Icel. ; cf. Ir. iubhar, Gael. iubhar, iughar, W. yw, ywen, Lith. jëva the black alder tree.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An evergreen tree (Taxus baccata) of Europe, allied to the pines, but having a peculiar berrylike fruit instead of a cone. It frequently grows in British churchyards.

2. The wood of the yew. It is light red in color, compact, fine- grained, and very elastic. It is preferred to all other kinds of wood for bows and whipstocks, the best for these purposes coming from Spain.

Note: The American yew (Taxus baccata, var. Canadensis) is a low and straggling or prostrate bush, never forming an erect trunk. The California yew (Taxus brevifolia) is a good-sized tree, and its wood is used for bows, spear handles, paddles, and other similar implements. Another yew is found in Florida, and there are species in Japan and the Himalayas.

3. A bow for shooting, made of the yew.

YEW Yew (u), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to yew trees; made of the wood of a yew tree; as, a yew whipstock.

YEWEN Yew"en, a.

Defn: Made of yew; as, yewen bows.

YEX Yex, v. i. Etym: [OE. ýexen, yesken, AS. giscian to sob.]

Defn: To hiccough. [Written also yox, yux.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] He yexeth and he speaketh through the nose. Chaucer.

YEX Yex, n. Etym: [AS. geocsa a sobbing, hiccough. Cf. Yex, v. i.]

Defn: A hiccough. [Written also yox, and yux.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "The excessive yex." Holland.

YEZDEGERDIAN Yez`de*ger"di*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Yezdegerd, the last Sassanian monarch of Persia, who was overthrown by the Mohammedans; as, the Yezdegerdian era, which began on the 16th of June, a. d. 632. The era is still used by the Parsees.

YEZDI Yez"di, n.

Defn: Same as Izedi. Taylor.

YEZIDEE; YEZIDI Yez"i*dee, Yez"i*di, n.

Defn: Same as Izedi.

YFERE Y*fere", adv.

Defn: Together. See Ifere. [Obs.] As friends do when they be met yfere. Chaucer.

YGDRASYL Yg"dra*syl, n. (Scand. Myth.)

Defn: See in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.

YGHE Y"ghe, n.

Defn: Eye. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YGO Y*go", obs. p. p. of Go.

Defn: Gone. Chaucer.

YGROUND Y*ground", obs.

Defn: p. p. of Grind. Chaucer.

YHOLDE Y*hold"e, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Hold. Chaucer.

YID Yid, n. [See Yiddish.]

Defn: A Jew. [Slang or Colloq.] "Almost any young Yid who goes out from among her people." John Corbin.

YIDDISH Yid"dish, n. [G. jüdisch, prop., Jewish, fr. Jude Jew. See Jew, Jewish.]

Defn: A language used by German and other Jews, being a Middle German dialect developed under Hebrew and Slavic influence. It is written in Hebrew characters.

YIDDISHER Yid"dish*er, n. [See Yiddish.]

Defn: A Yid. [Slang]

YIELD Yield, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yielded; obs. p. p. Yold; p. pr. & vb. n. Yielding.] Etym: [OE. yelden, ýelden, ýilden, AS. gieldan, gildan, to pay, give, restore, make an offering; akin to OFries. jelda, OS. geldan, D. gelden to cost, to be worth, G. gelten, OHG. geltan to pay, restore, make an offering, be worth, Icel. gjalda to pay, give up, Dan. gielde to be worth, Sw. gälla to be worth, gälda to pay, Goth. gildan in fragildan, usgildan. Cf. 1st Geld, Guild.]

1. To give in return for labor expended; to produce, as payment or interest on what is expended or invested; to pay; as, money at interest yields six or seven per cent. To yelde Jesu Christ his proper rent. Chaucer. When thou tillest the ground, it shall not henceforth yield unto thee her strength. Gen. iv. 12.

2. To furnish; to afford; to render; to give forth. "Vines yield nectar." Milton. [He] makes milch kine yield blood. Shak. The wilderness yieldeth food for them and for their children. Job xxiv. 5.

3. To give up, as something that is claimed or demanded; to make over to one who has a claim or right; to resign; to surrender; to relinquish; as a city, an opinion, etc. And, force perforce, I'll make him yield the crown. Shak. Shall yield up all their virtue, all their fame. Milton.

4. To admit to be true; to concede; to allow. I yield it just, said Adam, and submit. Milton.

5. To permit; to grant; as, to yield passage.

6. To give a reward to; to bless. [Obs.] Chaucer. Tend me to-night two hours, I ask no more, And the gods yield you for 't. Shak. God yield thee, and God thank ye. Beau. & Fl. To yield the breath, the ghost, or the life, to die; to expire; -- often followed by up. One calmly yields his willing breath. Keble.

YIELD Yield, v. i.

1. To give up the contest; to submit; to surrender; to succumb. He saw the fainting Grecians yield. Dryden.

2. To comply with; to assent; as, I yielded to his request.

3. To give way; to cease opposition; to be no longer a hindrance or an obstacle; as, men readily yield to the current of opinion, or to customs; the door yielded. Will ye relent, And yield to mercy while 't is offered you Shak.

4. To give place, as inferior in rank or excellence; as, they will yield to us in nothing. Nay tell me first, in what more happy fields The thistle springs, to which the lily yields Pope.

YIELD Yield, n.

Defn: Amount yielded; product; -- applied especially to products resulting from growth or cultivation. "A goodly yield of fruit doth bring." Bacon.

YIELDABLE Yield"a*ble, a.

Defn: Disposed to yield or comply. [R.] -- Yield"a*ble*ness, n. [R.] Bp. Hall.

YIELDANCE Yield"ance, n.

1. The act of producing; yield; as, the yieldance of the earth. [R.] Bp. Hall.

2. The act of yielding; concession. [R.] South.

YIELDER Yield"er, n.

Defn: One who yields. Shak.

YIELDING Yield"ing, a.

Defn: Inclined to give way, or comply; flexible; compliant; accommodating; as, a yielding temper. Yielding and paying (Law), the initial words of that clause in leases in which the rent to be paid by the lessee is mentioned and reserved. Burrill.

Syn. -- Obsequious; attentive. -- Yielding, Obsequious, Attentive. In many cases a man may be attentive or yielding in a high degree without any sacrifice of his dignity; but he who is obsequious seeks to gain favor by excessive and mean compliances for some selfish end. -- Yield"ing*ly, adv. -- Yield"ing*ness, n.

YIELDLESS Yield"less, a.

Defn: Without yielding; unyielding. [Obs.]

YIFT Yift, n.

Defn: Gift. [Obs.] "Great yiftes." Chaucer.

YIN Yin, n.

Defn: A Chinese weight of 2

YIS Yis, adv.

Defn: Yes. [Obs.] "Yis, sir," quod he, "yis, host." Chaucer.

YIT Yit, conj.

Defn: Yet. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YITE Yite, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European yellow-hammer.

YIVE Yive, v. t. & i.

Defn: To give. [Obs.] Chaucer.

-YL -yl. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A suffix used as a characteristic termination of chemical radicals; as in ethyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl, etc.

Note: -yl was first used in 1832 by Liebig and Wöhler in naming benzoyl, in the sense of stuff, or fundamental material, then in 1834 by Dumas and Peligot in naming methyl, in the sense of wood. After this -yl was generally used as in benzoyl, in the sense of stuff, characteristic ground, fundamental material.

YLANG-YLANG Y*lang`-y*lang", n.

Defn: See Ihlang-ihlang.

YLE Yle, n.

Defn: Isle. [Obs.] "The barren yle." Chaucer.

Y LEVEL Y" lev`el. (Surv.)

Defn: See under Y, n.

YLICHE; YLIKE Y*liche", Y*like", a. & adv.

Defn: Like; alike. [Obs.] "All . . . yliche good." Chaucer.

YLLANRATON Yl`lan*ra*ton", n. Etym: [From the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The agouara.

YMAKED Y*mak"ed, obs. p. p. of Make.

Defn: Made.

YMEL Y*mel", prep. Etym: [OE. ymel, imelle, of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. i milli, i millum (properly, in the middle, fr. mi, me, middle, akin to E. middle), Dan. imellem, Sw. emellan. See In, and Middle.]

Defn: Among. [Obs.] "Ymel them all." Chaucer.

YNAMBU Y*nam"bu, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens); -- called also perdiz grande, and rufous tinamou. See Illust. of Tinamou.

YNOUGH; YNOW Y*nough", Y*now", a. Etym: [See Enough.]

Defn: Enough. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YOCKEL Yock"el, n. Etym: [Cf. Yokel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The yaffle.

YODE Yode, obs. imp. of Go. Etym: [OE. yode, yede, , , eode, AS. eóde, used as the imp. of gan to go; akin to Goth. iddja I, he, went, L. ire to go, Gr. i, ya. Issue.]

Defn: Went; walked; proceeded. [Written also yede.] See Yede. Quer [whether] they rade [rode] or yoke. Cursor Mundi. Then into Cornhill anon I yode. Lydgate.

YODEL; YODLE Yo"del, Yo"dle, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Yodeled, Yodled; p. pr. & vb. n. Yodeling, Yodling.] Etym: [G. jodeln.]

Defn: To sing in a manner common among the Swiss and Tyrolese mountaineers, by suddenly changing from the head voice, or falsetto, to the chest voice, and the contrary; to warble.

YODEL; YODLE Yo"del, Yo"dle, n.

Defn: A song sung by yodeling, as by the Swiss mountaineers.

YODLER Yo"dler, n.

Defn: One who yodels.

YOGA Yo"ga, n. Etym: [Skr. yoga union.]

Defn: A species of asceticism among the Hindoos, which consists in a complete abstraction from all worldly objects, by which the votary expects to obtain union with the universal spirit, and to acquire superhuman faculties.

YOGI Yo"gi, n. Etym: [Skr. yogin.]

Defn: A follower of the yoga philosophy; an ascetic. [Spelt also yokin.] Whitworth.

YOGISM Yo"gism, n.

Defn: Yoga, or its practice.

YOICKS Yo"icks, interj. (Hunting)

Defn: A cry of encouragement to foxhounds.

YOIT Yoit, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European yellow-hammer. [Prov. Eng.]

YOJAN Yo"jan, n. Etym: [Skr. y.]

Defn: A measure of distance, varying from four to ten miles, but usually about five. [India] [Written also yojana.]

YOKE Yoke, n. Etym: [OE. yok, , AS. geoc; akin to D. juk, OHG. joh, G. joch, Icel. & Sw. ok, Dan. aag, Goth. juk, Lith. jungas, Russ. igo, L. jugum, Gr. yuga, and to L. jungere to join, Gr. yui. Join, Jougs, Joust, Jugular, Subjugate, Syzycy, Yuga, Zeugma.]

1. A bar or frame of wood by which two oxen are joined at the heads or necks for working together. A yearling bullock to thy name shall smoke, Untamed, unconscious of the galling yoke. Pope.

Note: The modern yoke for oxen is usually a piece of timber hollowed, or made curving, near each end, and laid on the necks of the oxen, being secured in place by two bows, one inclosing each neck, and fastened through the timber. In some countries the yoke consists of a flat piece of wood fastened to the foreheads of the oxen by thongs about the horns.

2. A frame or piece resembling a yoke, as in use or shape. Specifically: (a) A frame of wood fitted to a person's shoulders for carrying pails, etc., suspended on each side; as, a milkmaid's yoke. (b) A frame worn on the neck of an animal, as a cow, a pig, a goose, to prevent passage through a fence. (c) A frame or convex piece by which a bell is hung for ringing it. See Illust. of Bell. (d) A crosspiece upon the head of a boat's rudder. To its ends lines are attached which lead forward so that the boat can be steered from amidships. (e) (Mach.) A bent crosspiece connecting two other parts. (f) (Arch.) A tie securing two timbers together, not used for part of a regular truss, but serving a temporary purpose, as to provide against unusual strain. (g) (Dressmaking) A band shaped to fit the shoulders or the hips, and joined to the upper full edge of the waist or the skirt.

3. Fig.: That which connects or binds; a chain; a link; a bond connection. Boweth your neck under that blissful yoke . . . Which that men clepeth spousal or wedlock. Chaucer. This yoke of marriage from us both remove. Dryden.

4. A mark of servitude; hence, servitude; slavery; bondage; service. Our country sinks beneath the yoke. Shak. My yoke is easy, and my burden is light. Matt. xi. 30.

5. Two animals yoked together; a couple; a pair that work together. I have bought five yoke of oxen, and I go to prove them. Luke xiv. 19.

6. The quantity of land plowed in a day by a yoke of oxen. [Obs.] Gardner.

7. A portion of the working day; as, to work two yokes, that is, to work both portions of the day, or morning and afternoon. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Neck yoke, Pig yoke. See under Neck, and Pig. -- Yoke elm (Bot.), the European hornbeam (Carpinus Betulus), a small tree with tough white wood, often used for making yokes for cattle.

YOKE Yoke, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yoked; p. pr. & vb. n. Yoking.]

1. To put a yoke on; to join in or with a yoke; as, to yoke oxen, or pair of oxen.

2. To couple; to join with another. "Be ye not unequally yoked with unbelievers." 2 Cor. vi. 14. Cassius, you are yoked with a lamb. Shak.

3. To enslave; to bring into bondage; to restrain; to confine. Then were they yoked with garrisons. Milton. The words and promises that yoke The conqueror are quickly broke. Hudibras.

YOKE Yoke, v. i.

Defn: To be joined or associated; to be intimately connected; to consort closely; to mate. We 'll yoke together, like a double shadow. Shak.

YOKEAGE Yoke"age, n.

Defn: See Rokeage. [Local, U. S.]

YOKEFELLOW Yoke"fel`low, n. Etym: [Yoke + fellow.]

Defn: An associate or companion in, or as in; a mate; a fellow; especially, a partner in marriage. Phil. iv. 3. The two languages [English and French] became yokefellows in a still more intimate manner. Earle. Those who have most distinguished themselves by railing at the sex, very often choose one of the most worthless for a companion and yokefellow. Addison.

YOKEL Yo"kel, n. Etym: [Perhaps from an AS. word akin to E. gawk.]

Defn: A country bumpkin. [Eng.] Dickens.

YOKELET Yoke"let, n.

Defn: A small farm; -- so called as requiring but one yoke of oxen to till it. [Prov. Eng.]

YOKEMATE Yoke"mate`, n.

Defn: Same as Yokefellow.

YOKE-TOED Yoke"-toed`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having two toes in front and two behind, as the trogons and woodpeckers.

YOLD Yold, obs. p. p. of Yield.

Defn: Yielded. Spenser.

YOLDEN Yold"en, obs. p. p. of Yield.

Defn: Yielded.

YOLK Yolk, n. Etym: [OE. yolke, yelke, ýolke, ýelke, AS. geoloca, geoleca, fr. geolu yellow. See Yellow.] [Written also yelk.]

1. The yellow part of an egg; the vitellus.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An oily secretion which naturally covers the wool of sheep. Yolk cord (Zoöl.), a slender cord or duct which connects the yolk glands with the egg chambers in certain insects, as in the aphids. -- Yolk gland (Zoöl.), a special organ which secretes the yolk of the eggs in many turbellarians, and in some other invertebrates. See Illust. of Hermaphrodite in Appendix. -- Yolk sack (Anat.), the umbilical vesicle. See under Unbilical.

YOLL Yoll, v. i.

Defn: To yell. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YOM Yom, n. [Heb. yom.]

Defn: Day; -- a Hebrew word used in the names of various Jewish feast days; as, Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement; Yom Teruah (lit., day of shouting), the Feast of Trumpets.

YON Yon, a. Etym: [OE. yon, , AS. geon; akin to G. jener, OHG. jen, Icel. enn, inn; cf. Goth. jains. Beyond, Yond, Yonder.]

Defn: At a distance, but within view; yonder. [Poetic] Read thy lot in yon celestial sign. Milton. Though fast yon shower be fleeting. Keble.

YON Yon, adv.

Defn: Yonder. [Obs. or Poetic] But, first and chiefest, with thee bring Him that yon soars on golden wing. Milton.

YONCOPIN Yon"co*pin, n. Etym: [Perhaps corrupted from Illinois micoupena, Chippewa makopin, the American lotus.] (Bot.)

Defn: A local name in parts of the Mississippi Valley for the American lotus (Nelumbo lutea).

YOND Yond, a. Etym: [Cf. AS. anda, onda, anger, andian to be angry.]

Defn: Furious; mad; angry; fierce. [Obs.] "Then wexeth wood and yond." Spenser.

YOND Yond, adv. & a. Etym: [OE. yond, ýond, ýeond, through, beyond, over, AS. geond, adv. & prep.; cf. Goth. jaind thither. sq. root188. See Yon, a.]

Defn: Yonder. [Obs.] "Yond in the garden." Chaucer.

YONDER Yon"der, adv. Etym: [OE. yonder, ýonder; cf. OD. ginder, Goth. jaindr there. Yond, adv.]

Defn: At a distance, but within view. Yonder are two apple women scolding. Arbuthnot.

YONDER Yon"der, a.

Defn: Being at a distance within view, or conceived of as within view; that or those there; yon. "Yon flowery arbors, yonder alleys green." Milton. "Yonder sea of light." Keble. Yonder men are too many for an embassage. Bacon.

YONI Yo"ni, n. Etym: [Skr. y.] (Hindoo Myth.)

Defn: The symbol under which Sakti, or the personification of the female power in nature, is worshiped. Cf. Lingam.

YONKER Yon"ker, n. Etym: [See Younker.]

Defn: A young fellow; a younker. [Obs. or Colloq.] Sir W. Scott.

YORE Yore, adv. Etym: [OE. , yare, , AS. geára;akin to geár a year, E. year. Year.]

Defn: In time long past; in old time; long since. [Obs. or Poetic] As it hath been of olde times yore. Chaucer. Which though he hath polluted oft and yore, Yet I to them for judgment just do fly. Spenser. Of yore, of old time; long ago; as, in times or days of yore. "But Satan now is wiser than of yore." Pope. Where Abraham fed his flock of yore. Keble.

YORKER York"er, n. (Cricket)

Defn: A tice.

YORK RITE York rite. (Freemasonry)

Defn: The rite or ceremonial observed by one of the Masonic systems, deriving its name from the city of York, in England; also, the system itself, which, in England, confers only the first three degrees.

YORKSHIRE York"shire, n.

Defn: A county in the north of England. Yorkshire grit, a kind of stone used for polishing marble, and copperplates for engravers. Simmonds. -- Yorkshire pudding, a batter pudding baked under meat.

YORK USE York" use`. (Eccl.)

Defn: The one of the three printed uses of England which was followed in the north. It was based on the Sarum use. See Use, n., 6. Shipley.

YOT Yot, v. t.

Defn: To unite closely. [Prov. Eng.]

YOTE Yote, v. t. Etym: [OE. , , to pour, AS. geótan. See Found to cast.]

Defn: To pour water on; to soak in, or mix with, water. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Grose. My fowls, which well enough, I, as before, found feeding at their trough Their yoted wheat. Chapman.

YOU You, pron. [Possess. Your or Yours (; dat. & obj. You.] Etym: [OE. you, eou, eow, dat. & acc., AS. eów, used as dat. & acc. of ge, g, ye; akin to OFries. iu, io, D. u, G. euch, OHG. iu, dat., iuwih, acc., Icel. y, dat. & acc., Goth. izwis; of uncertain origin. sq. root189. Cf. Your.]

Defn: The pronoun of the second person, in the nominative, dative, and objective case, indicating the person or persons addressed. See the Note under Ye. Ye go to Canterbury; God you speed. Chaucer. Good sir, I do in friendship counsel you To leave this place. Shak. In vain you tell your parting lover You wish fair winds may waft him over. Prior.

Note: Though you is properly a plural, it is in all ordinary discourse used also in addressing a single person, yet properly always with a plural verb. "Are you he that hangs the verses on the trees, wherein Rosalind is so admired " Shak. You and your are sometimes used indefinitely, like we, they, one, to express persons not specified. "The looks at a distance like a new-plowed land; but as you come near it, you see nothing but a long heap of heavy, disjointed clods." Addison. "Your medalist and critic are much nearer related than the world imagine." Addison. "It is always pleasant to be forced to do what you wish to do, but what, until pressed, you dare not attempt." Hook. You is often used reflexively for yourself of yourselves. "Your highness shall repose you at the tower." Shak.

YOUL Youl, v. i.

Defn: To yell; to yowl. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YOUNG Young, a. [Compar. Younger; superl. Youngest.] Etym: [OE. yung, yong, , , AS. geong; akin to OFries. iung, iong, D. joing, OS., OHG., & G. jung, Icel. ungr, Sw. & Dan. ung, Goth. juggs, Lith. jaunas, Russ. iunuii, L. juvencus, juvenis, Skr. juva, juven. Junior, Juniper, Juvenile, Younker, Youth.]

1. Not long born; still in the first part of life; not yet arrived at adolescence, maturity, or age; not old; juvenile; -- said of animals; as, a young child; a young man; a young fawn. For he so young and tender was of age. Chaucer. "Whom the gods love, die young," has been too long carelessly said; . . . whom the gods love, live young forever. Mrs. H. H. Jackson.

2. Being in the first part, pr period, of growth; as, a young plant; a young tree. While the fears of the people were young. De Foe.

3. Having little experience; inexperienced; unpracticed; ignorant; weak. Come, come, elder brother, you are too young in this. Shak.

YOUNG Young, n.

Defn: The offspring of animals, either a single animal or offspring collectively. [The egg] bursting with kindly rupture, forth disclosed Their callow young. Milton. With young, with child; pregnant.

YOUNGGER Young"ger, n.

Defn: One who is younger; an inferior in age; a junior. "The elder shall serve the younger." Rom. ix. 12.

YOUNGISH Young"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat young. Tatler.

YOUNGLING Young"ling, n. Etym: [AS. geongling.]

Defn: A young person; a youth; also, any animal in its early life. "More dear . . . than younglings to their dam." Spenser. He will not be so willing, I think, to join with you as with us younglings. Ridley.

YOUNGLING Young"ling, a.

Defn: Young; youthful. Wordsworth.

YOUNGLY Young"ly, a. Etym: [AS. geonglic.]

Defn: Like a young person or thing; young; youthful. [Obs.] Shak.

YOUNGLY Young"ly, adv.

1. In a young manner; in the period of youth; early in life. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Ignorantly; weakly. [R.]

YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION Young Men's Christian Association.

Defn: An organization for promoting the spiritual, intellectual, social, and physical welfare of young men, founded, June 6, 1844, by George Williams (knighted therefor by Queen Victoria) in London. In 1851 it extended to the United States and Canada, and in 1855 representatives of similar organizations throughout Europe and America formed an international body. The movement has successfully expanded not only among young men in general, but also specifically among railroad men, in the army and navy, with provision for Indians and negroes, and a full duplication of all the various lines of oepration in the boys' departments.

YOUNGNESS Young"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being young.

YOUNG ONE Young one.

Defn: A young human being; a child; also, a young animal, as a colt.

YOUNGSTER Young"ster, n.

Defn: A young person; a youngling; a lad. [Colloq.] "He felt himself quite a youngster, with a long life before him." G. Eliot.

YOUNGTH Youngth, n.

Defn: Youth. [Obs.] Youngth is a bubble blown up with breath. Spenser.

YOUNGTHLY Youngth"ly, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, youth; youthful. [Obs.] Spenser.

YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION Young Women's Christian Association.

Defn: An organization for promoting the spiritual, intellectual, social, and economic welfare of young women, originating in 1855 with Lady Kinnaird's home for young women, and Miss Emma Robert's prayer union for young women,in England, which were combined in the year 1884 as a national association. Now nearly all the civilized countries, and esp. the United States, have local, national, and international organizations.

YOUNKER Youn"ker, n. Etym: [D. jonker, jonkeer; jong young + heer a lord, sir, gentleman. See Young, a.]

Defn: A young person; a stripling; a yonker. [Obs. or Colloq.] That same younker soon was overthrown. Spenser.

YOUPON You"pon, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Yaupon.

YOUR Your, pron. & a. Etym: [OE. your, , eowr, eower, AS. eówer, originally used as the gen. of ge, ge, ye; akin to OFries. iuwer your, OS. iuwar, D. uw, OHG. iuwer, G. euer, Icel. ythar, Goth. izwara, izwar, and E. you. *189. See You.]

Defn: The form of the possessive case of the personal pronoun you.

Note: The possessive takes the form yours when the noun to which it refers is not expressed, but implied; as, this book is yours. "An old fellow of yours." Chaucer.

YOURS Yours, pron.

Defn: See the Note under Your.

YOURS Yours (ürz), pron.

Defn: See the Note under Your.

YOURSELF Your*self", pron.; pl. Yourselves. Etym: [Your + self.]

Defn: An emphasized or reflexive form of the pronoun of the second person; -- used as a subject commonly with you; as, you yourself shall see it; also, alone in the predicate, either in the nominative or objective case; as, you have injured yourself. Of which right now ye han yourselve heard. Chaucer. If yourselves are old, make it your cause. Shak. Why should you be so cruel to yourself Milton. The religious movement which you yourself, as well as I, so faithfully followed from first to last. J. H. Newman.

YOUTH Youth (uth), n.; pl. Youths (uths; 264) or collectively Youth. Etym: [OE. youthe, youhþe, ýuhethe, ýuwethe, ýeoýethe, AS. geoguth, geogoth; akin to OS. jugth, D. jeugd, OHG. jugund, G. jugend, Goth. junda. *281. See Young.]

1. The quality or state of being young; youthfulness; juvenility. "In my flower of youth." Milton. Such as in his face Youth smiled celestial. Milton.

2. The part of life that succeeds to childhood; the period of existence preceding maturity or age; the whole early part of life, from childhood, or, sometimes, from infancy, to manhood. He wondered that your lordship Would suffer him to spend his youth at home. Shak. Those who pass their youth in vice are justly condemned to spend their age in folly. Rambler.

3. A young person; especially, a young man. Seven youths from Athens yearly sent. Dryden.

4. Young persons, collectively. It is fit to read the best authors to youth first. B. Jonson.

YOUTHFUL Youth"ful, a.

1. Not yet mature or aged; young. "Two youthful knights." Dryden.

Defn: Also used figuratively. "The youthful season of the year." Shak.

2. Of or pertaining to the early part of life; suitable to early life; as, youthful days; youthful sports. "Warm, youthful blood." Shak. "Youthful thoughts." Milton.

3. Fresh; vigorous, as in youth. After millions of millions of ages . . . still youthful and flourishing. Bentley.

Syn. -- Puerile; juvenile. -- Youthful, Puerile, Juvenile. Puerile is always used in a bad sense, or at least in the sense of what is suitable to a boy only; as, puerile objections, puerile amusements, etc. Juvenile is sometimes taken in a bad sense, as when speaking of youth in contrast with manhood; as, juvenile tricks; a juvenile performance. Youthful is commonly employed in a good sense; as, youthful aspirations; or at least by way of extenuating; as, youthful indiscretions. "Some men, imagining themselves possessed with a divine fury, often fall into toys and trifles, which are only puerilities." Dryden. "Raw, juvenile writers imagine that, by pouring forth figures often, they render their compositions warm and animated." Blair. -- Youth"ful*ly, adv. -- Youth"ful*ness, n.

YOUTHHOOD Youth"hood, n. Etym: [AS. geoguedhhad. See Youth, and -hood.]

Defn: The quality or state of being a youth; the period of youth. Cheyne.

YOUTHLY Youth"ly, a. Etym: [AS. geoguedhlic.]

Defn: Young; youthful. [Obs.] "All my youthly days." Spenser.

YOUTHSOME Youth"some, a.

Defn: Youthful. [Obs.] Pepys.

YOUTHY Youth"y, a.

Defn: Young. [Obs.] Spectator.

YOUZE Youze, n. Etym: [From a native East Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cheetah.

YOW Yow, pron.

Defn: You. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YOWE Yowe, n. Etym: [See Ewe.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A ewe. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] G. Eliot.

YOWL Yowl, v. i. Etym: [See Yawl, v. i.]

Defn: To utter a loud, long, and mournful cry, as a dog; to howl; to yell.

YOWL Yowl, n.

Defn: A loud, protracted, and mournful cry, as that of a dog; a howl.

YOWLEY Yow"ley, n. Etym: [Cf. Yellow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European yellow-hammer. [Prov. Eng.]

YOX Yox, v. i.

Defn: See Yex. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YPIGHT Y*pight", obs. p. p. of Pitch.

Defn: See Pight.

YPOCRAS Yp"o*cras, n.

Defn: Hippocras. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YPRES LACE Y"pres lace`.

Defn: Fine bobbin lace made at Ypres in Belgium, usually exactly like Valenciennes lace.

YPSILIFORM Yp*sil"i*form, a. Etym: [Gr. -form.] (Biol.)

Defn: Resembling the

YPSILOID Yp"si*loid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: In the form of the letter Y; Y-shaped.

YRAFT Y*raft", obs. p. p. of Reave.

Defn: Bereft. Chaucer.

YREN Yr"en, n.

Defn: Iron. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YRONNE Y*ron"ne, obs. p. p. of Run.

Defn: Run. Chaucer.

YSAME Y*same", adv. Etym: [See Same.]

Defn: Together. [Obs.] "And in a bag all sorts of seeds ysame." Spenser.

YT Yt.

Defn: , an old method of printing that (AS. æt, edhæt) the "y" taking the place of the old letter "Þ"). Cf. Ye, the.

YT; YT Yt, Yt (that),

Defn: an old method of printing that (AS. þæt, ðæt) the "y" taking the place of the old letter "thorn" (þ). Cf. Ye, the.

YTHROWE Y*throwe", obs.

Defn: p. p. of Throw. Chaucer.

YTTERBIC Yt*ter"bic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, ytterbium; containing ytterbium.

YTTERBIUM Yt*ter"bi*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Ytterby, in Sweden. See Erbium.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare element of the boron group, sometimes associated with yttrium or other related elements, as in euxenite and gadolinite. Symbol Yb; provisional atomic weight 173.2. Cf. Yttrium.

Note: Ytterbium is associated with other rare elements, and probably has not been prepared in a pure state.

YTTRIA Yt"tri*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Yttrium.] (Chem.)

Defn: The oxide, Y2O3, or earth, of yttrium.

YTTRIC Yt"tric, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, yttrium.

YTTRIFEROUS Yt*trif"er*ous, a.

Defn: Bearing or containing yttrium or the allied elements; as, gadolinite is one of the yttriferous minerals.

YTTRIOUS Yt"tri*ous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Yttric.

YTTRIUM Yt"tri*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Ytterby, in Sweden. See Erbium.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic element of the boron-aluminium group, found in gadolinite and other rare minerals, and extracted as a dark gray powder. Symbol Y. Atomic weight, 89. [Written also ittrium.]

Note: Associated with yttrium are certain rare elements, as erbium, ytterbium, samarium, etc., which are separated in a pure state with great difficulty. They are studied by means of their spark or phosphorescent spectra. Yttrium is now regarded as probably not a simple element, but as a mixture of several substances.

YTTRO-CERITE Yt`tro-ce"rite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a violet-blue color, inclining to gray and white. It is a hydrous fluoride of cerium, yttrium, and calcium.

YTTRO-COLUMBITE; YTTRO-TANTALITE Yt`tro-co*lum"bite, Yt`tro-tan"ta*lite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A tantalate of uranium, yttrium, and calcium, of a brown or black color.

YU Yu, n. Etym: [Chin.] (Min.)

Defn: Jade.

YUCCA Yuc"ca, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Flicker, n., 2.

YUCCA Yuc"ca, n. Etym: [NL., from Yuca, its name in St. Domingo.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of American liliaceous, sometimes arborescent, plants having long, pointed, and often rigid, leaves at the top of a more or less woody stem, and bearing a large panicle of showy white blossoms.

Note: The species with more rigid leaves (as Yucca aloifolia, Y. Treculiana, and Y. baccata) are called Spanish bayonet, and one with softer leaves (Y. filamentosa) is called bear grass, and Adam's needle. Yucca moth (Zoöl.), a small silvery moth (Pronuba yuccasella) whose larvæ feed on plants of the genus Yucca.

YUCCA BORER Yuc"ca bor`er. (a) A California boring weevil (Yuccaborus frontalis). (b) A large mothlike butterfly (Megathymus yuccæ) of the family Megatimidæ, whose larva bores in yucca roots.

YUCK Yuck, v. i. Etym: [Cf. G. jucken, D. yeuken, joken. See Itch.]

Defn: To itch. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

YUCK Yuck, v. t.

Defn: To scratch. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

YUCKEL Yuck"el, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Yockel.

YUEN Yu"en, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The crowned gibbon (Hylobates pileatus), native of Siam, Southern China, and the Island of Hainan. It is entirely arboreal in its habits, and has very long arms. the males are dark brown or blackish, with a caplike mass of long dark hair, and usually with a white band around the face. The females are yellowish white, with a dark spot on the breast and another on the crown. Called also wooyen, and wooyen ape.

YUFTS Yufts, n. Etym: [Russ. iufte.]

Defn: Russia leather.

YUG; YUGA Yug, Yu"ga, n. Etym: [Skr. yuga an age, a yoke. See Yoke.] (Hindoo Cosmog.)

Defn: Any one of the four ages, Krita, or Satya, Treta, Dwapara, and Kali, into which the Hindoos divide the duration or existence of the world.

YUKE Yuke, v. i. & t.

Defn: Same as Yuck. [Prov. Eng.]

YULAN Yu"lan, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of Magnolia (M. conspicua) with large white blossoms that open before the leaves. See the Note under Magnolia.

YULE Yule, n. Etym: [OE. yol, ýol, AS. geól; akin to geóla December or January, Icel. jol Yule, Ylir the name of a winter month, Sw. jul Christmas, Dan. juul, Goth. jiuleis November or December. Cf. Jolly.]

Defn: Christmas or Christmastide; the feast of the Nativity of our Savior. And at each pause they kiss; was never seen such rule In any place but here, at bonfire, or at Yule. Drayton. Yule block, or Yule log, a large log of wood formerly put on the hearth of Christmas eve, as the foundation of the fire. It was brought in with much ceremony. -- Yule clog, the yule log. Halliwell. W. Irving.

YULETIDE Yule"tide`, n.

Defn: Christmas time; Christmastide; the season of Christmas.

YUMAN Yu"man, a.

Defn: Designating, or pertaining to, an important linguistic stock of North American Indians of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, nearly all agriculturists and adept potters and basket makers. Their usual dwelling is the brush wikiup, and in their native state they wear little clothing. The Yuma, Maricopa, Mohave, Walapi, and Yavapai are among the chief tribes, all of fine physique.

YUMAS Yu"mas, n. pl.; sing. Yuma (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians native of Arizona and the adjacent parts of Mexico and California. They are agricultural, and cultivate corn, wheat, barley, melons, etc.

Note: The a wider sense, the term sometimes includes the Mohaves and other allied tribes.

YUNCA Yun"ca (yoon"ka), n.

Defn: An Indian of a linguistic stock of tribes of the Peruvian coast who had a developed agricultural civilization at the advent of the Spaniards, before which they had been conquered by the Incas. They constructed irrigation canals which are still in use, adorned their buildings with bas-reliefs and frescoes, and were skilled goldsmiths and silversmiths. -- Yun"can (#), a.

YUNX Yunx, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of birds comprising the wrynecks.

YUPON Yu"pon, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Yaupon.

YUX Yux, n. & v.

Defn: See Yex, n. [Obs.]

YVEL Y"vel, a. & adv.

Defn: Evil; ill. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YWAR Y*war", a. Etym: [See Aware.]

Defn: Aware; wary. [Obs.] "Be ywar, and his way shun." Piers Plowman.

YWIS Y*wis", adv. Etym: [OE. ywis, iwis, AS. gewis certain; akin to D. gewis, G. gewiss, and E. wit to know. See Wit to know, and Y-.]

Defn: Certainly; most likely; truly; probably. [Obs. or Archaic] "Ywis," quod he, "it is full dear, I say." Chaucer. She answered me, "I-wisse, all their sport in the park is but a shadow to that pleasure that I find in Plato." Ascham. A right good knight, and true of word ywis. Spenser.

Note: The common form iwis was often written with the prefix apart from the rest of the word and capitalized, as, I wis, I wisse, etc. The prefix was mistaken for the pronoun, I and wis, wisse, for a form of the verb wit to know. See Wis, and cf. Wit, to know. Our ship, I wis, Shall be of another form than this. Longfellow.

Z Z (ze; in England commonly, and in America sometimes, zêd; formerly, also, îz"zêrd)

Defn: Z, the twenty-sixth and last letter of the English alphabet, is a vocal consonant. It is taken from the Latin letter Z, which came from the Greek alphabet, this having it from a Semitic source. The ultimate origin is probably Egyptian. Etymologically, it is most closely related to s, y, and j; as in glass, glaze; E. yoke, Gr. yugum; E. zealous, jealous. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 273, 274.

ZA Za, n. (Min.)

Defn: An old solfeggio name for B flat; the seventh harmonic, as heard in the or æolian string; -- so called by Tartini. It was long considered a false, but is the true note of the chord of the flat seventh. H. W. Poole.

ZABAISM; ZABISM Za"ba*ism, Za"bism, n.

Defn: See Sabianism.

ZABIAN Za"bi*an, a. & n.

Defn: See Sabian.

ZACCO Zac"co, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Zocco.

ZACHUN Za*chun", n. (Bot.)

Defn: An oil pressed by the Arabs from the fruit of a small thorny tree (Balanites Ægyptiaca), and sold to piligrims for a healing ointment. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).

ZAERTHE Zaer"the, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Zärthe.

ZAFFER Zaf"fer, n. Etym: [F. zafre, safre; cf. Sp. zafra, safra, It. saffera, G. zaffer; all probably of Arabic origin. Cf. Zaphara.]

Defn: A pigment obtained, usually by roasting cobalt glance with sand or quartz, as a dark earthy powder. It consists of crude cobalt oxide, or of an impure cobalt arseniate. It is used in porcelain painting, and in enameling pottery, to produce a blue color, and is often confounded with smalt, from which, however, it is distinct, as it contains no potash. The name is often loosely applied to mixtures of zaffer proper with silica, or oxides of iron, manganese, etc. [Written also zaffre, and formerly zaffree, zaffar, zaffir.]

ZAIM Zaim, n. Etym: [Turk. & Ar. za'im.]

Defn: A Turkish chief who supports a mounted militia bearing the same name. Smart.

ZAIMET Zaim"et, n. Etym: [Turk. & Ar. za'imet.]

Defn: A district from which a Zaim draws his revenue. Smart.

ZAIN Zain, n.

Defn: A horse of a dark color, neither gray nor white, and having no spots. Smart.

ZALAMBDODONT Za*lamb"do*dont, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a tribe (Zalambdodonta) of Insectivora in which the molar teeth have but one V-shaped ridge.

ZALAMBDODONT Za*lamb"do*dont, n.

Defn: One of the Zalambdodonta. The tenrec, solenodon, and golden moles are examples.

ZAMANG Za*mang", n. (Bot.)

Defn: An immense leguminous tree (Pithecolobium Saman) of Venezuela. Its branches form a hemispherical mass, often one hundred and eighty feet across. The sweet pulpy pods are used commonly for feeding cattle. Also called rain tree. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).

ZAMBO Zam"bo, n.; pl. Zambos. Etym: [See Sambo.]

Defn: The child of a mulatto and a negro; also, the child of an Indian and a negro; colloquially or humorously, a negro; a sambo.

ZAMIA Za"mi*a, n. Etym: [L. zamia a kind of fir cone, from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of cycadaceous plants, having the appearance of low palms, but with exogenous wood. See Coontie, and Illust. of Strobile.

ZAMINDAR Zam`in*dar", n. Etym: [Hind. zemindar, zamindar, a landholder, Per. zamindar; zamin land dar holding.]

Defn: A landowner; also, a collector of land revenue; now, usually, a kind of feudatory recognized as an actual proprietor so long as he pays to the government a certain fixed revenue. [Written also zemindar.] [India]

ZAMINDARY; ZAMINDARI Zam"in*da*ry, Zam"in*da*ri, n.

Defn: The jurisdiction of a zamindar; the land possessed by a zamindar. [Written also zemindary, zemindari.]

ZAMITE Za"mite, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil cycad of the genus Zamia.

ZAMOUSE Za*mouse", n. Etym: [From a native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West African buffalo (Bubalus brachyceros) having short horns depressed at the base, and large ears fringed internally with three rows of long hairs. It is destitute of a dewlap. Called also short- horned buffalo, and bush cow.

ZAMPOGNA Zam*po"gna, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: A sort of bagpipe formerly in use among Italian peasants. It is now almost obsolete. [Written also zampugna.]

ZANDER Zan"der, n. Etym: [Cf. D. zand sand.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European pike perch (Stizostedion lucioperca) allied to the wall-eye; -- called also sandari, sander, sannat, schill, and zant.

ZANDMOLE Zand"mole`, n. Etym: [Cf. D. zand sand. See Sand, and Mole the animal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sand mole.

ZANTE Zan"te, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Zantewood.

ZANTE CURRANT Zan"te cur"rant.

Defn: A kind of seedless grape or raisin; -- so called from Zante, one of the Ionian Islands.

ZANTEWOOD Zan"te*wood`, n. (Bot.) (a) A yellow dyewood; fustet; -- called also zante, and zante fustic. See Fustet, and the Note under Fustic. (b) Satinwood (Chloroxylon Swietenia).

ZANTIOT Zan"ti*ot, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Zante, one of the Ionian Islands.

ZANY Za"ny, n.; pl. Zanies. Etym: [It. zanni a buffoon, merry-andrew, orig. same as Giovanni John, i. e., merry John, L. Ioannes, Gr. Yokhanan, prop., the Lord graciously gave: cf. F. zani, fr. the Italian. Cf. Jenneting.]

Defn: A merry-andrew; a buffoon. Then write that I may follow, and so be Thy echo, thy debtor, thy foil, thy zany. Donne. Preacher at once, and zany of thy age. Pope.

ZANY Za"ny, v. t.

Defn: To mimic. [Obs.] Your part is acted; give me leave at distance To zany it. Massinger.

ZANYISM Za"ny*ism, n.

Defn: State or character of a zany; buffoonery. Coleridge. H. Morley.

ZAPAS Za*pas", n. [Russ.]

Defn: See Army organization, above.

ZAPATERA Za`pa*te"ra, n. [Sp. aceituna zapatera.] (Olive trade)

Defn: A cured olive which has spoiled or is on the verge of decomposition; loosely, an olive defective because of bruises, wormholes, or the like.

ZAPHARA Zaph"a*ra, n.

Defn: Zaffer.

ZAPHRENTIS Za*phren"tis, n. Etym: [NL.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of cyathophylloid corals common in the Paleozoic formations. It is cup-shaped with numerous septa, and with a deep pit in one side of the cup.

ZAPOTILLA Zap`o*til"la, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Sapodilla.

ZAPTIAH Zap"ti*ah, n.

Defn: A Turkish policeman. [Written also zaptieh.]

ZARATHUSTRIAN; ZARATHUSTRIC Zar`a*thus"tri*an, Zar`a*thus"tric, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Zarathustra, or Zoroaster; Zoroastrian. Tylor.

ZARATHUSTRISM Zar`a*thus"trism, n.

Defn: See Zoroastrianism.

ZARATITE Zar"a*tite, n. (Min.) Etym: [Named after Gen. Zarata of Spain.]

Defn: A hydrous carbonate of nickel occurring as an emerald-green incrustation on chromite; -- called also emerald nickel.

ZAREBA Za*re"ba, n. (Mil.)

Defn: An improvised stockade; especially, one made of thorn bushes, etc. [Written also zareeba, and zeriba.] [Egypt] "Ah," he moralizes, "what wonderful instinct on the part of this little creature to surround itself with a zareba like the troops after Osman Digma." R. Jefferies.

ZARF Zarf, n. [Ar.] (Art)

Defn: A metallic cuplike stand used for holding a finjan.

ZARNICH Zar"nich, n. Etym: [F., fr. Ar. az-zernikh, fr. Gr. Arsenic.] (Min.)

Defn: Native sulphide of arsenic, including sandarach, or realgar, and orpiment.

ZARTHE; ZAERTHE Zär"the, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European bream (Abramis vimba). [Written also zaerthe.]

ZASTRUGI Zas*tru"gi, n. pl.; sing. -ga (#). [Russ. zastruga furrow made on the shore by water.]

Defn: Grooves or furrows formed in snow by the action of the wind, and running parallel with the direction of the wind. This formation results from the erosion of transverse waves previously formed.

ZATI Za"ti, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of macaque (Macacus pileatus) native of India and Ceylon. It has a crown of long erect hair, and tuft of radiating hairs on the back of the head. Called also capped macaque.

ZAUSCHNERIA Zau*schne"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., named for M. Zauschner, a Bohemian botanist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of flowering plants. Zauschneria Californica is a suffrutescent perennial, with showy red flowers much resembling those of the garden fuchsia.

ZAX Zax, n.

Defn: A tool for trimming and puncturing roofing states. [Written also sax.]

ZAYAT Za"yat, n.

Defn: A public shed, or portico, for travelers, worshipers, etc. [Burmah]

ZEA Ze"a, n. Etym: [L., a kind of grain, fr. Gr. yava barley.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of large grasses of which the Indian corn (Zea Mays) is the only species known. Its origin is not yet ascertained. See Maize.

ZEAL Zeal, n. Etym: [F. zèle; cf. Pg. & It. zelo, Sp. zelo, celo; from L. zelus, Gr. Yeast, Jealous.]

1. Passionate ardor in the pursuit of anything; eagerness in favor of a person or cause; ardent and active interest; engagedness; enthusiasm; fervor. "Ambition varnished o'er with zeal." Milton. "Zeal, the blind conductor of the will." Dryden. "Zeal's never-dying fire." Keble. I bear them record that they have a zeal of God, but not according to knowledge. Rom. x. 2. A zeal for liberty is sometimes an eagerness to subvert with little care what shall be established. Johnson.

2. A zealot. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

ZEAL Zeal, v. i.

Defn: To be zealous. [Obs. & R.] Bacon.

ZEALANT Zeal"ant, n.

Defn: One who is zealous; a zealot; an enthusiast. [Obs.] To certain zealants, all speech of pacification is odious. Bacon.

ZEALED Zealed, a.

Defn: Full of zeal; characterized by zeal. [Obs.] "Zealed religion." Beau. & Fl.

ZEALFUL Zeal"ful, a.

Defn: Full of zeal. [R.] Sylvester.

ZEALLESS Zeal"less, a.

Defn: Wanting zeal. Hammond.

ZEALOT Zeal"ot, n. Etym: [F. zélote, L. zelotes, Gr. Zeal.]

Defn: One who is zealous; one who engages warmly in any cause, and pursues his object with earnestness and ardor; especially, one who is overzealous, or carried away by his zeal; one absorbed in devotion to anything; an enthusiast; a fanatical partisan. Zealots for the one [tradition] were in hostile array against zealots for the other. Sir J. Stephen. In Ayrshire, Clydesdale, Nithisdale, Annandale, every parish was visited by these turbulent zealots. Macaulay.

ZEALOTICAL Zea*lot"ic*al, a.

Defn: Like, or suitable to, a zealot; ardently zealous. [R.] Strype.

ZEALOTISM Zeal"ot*ism, n.

Defn: The character or conduct of a zealot; zealotry.

ZEALOTIST Zeal"ot*ist, n.

Defn: A zealot. [Obs.] Howell.

ZEALOTRY Zeal"ot*ry, n.

Defn: The character and behavior of a zealot; excess of zeal; fanatical devotion to a cause. Enthusiasm, visionariness, seems the tendency of the German; zeal, zealotry, of the English; fanaticism, of the French. Coleridge.

ZEALOUS Zeal"ous, a. Etym: [LL. zelosus. See Zeal.]

1. Filled with, or characterized by, zeal; warmly engaged, or ardent, in behalf of an object. He may be zealous in the salvation of souls. Law.

2. Filled with religious zeal. [Obs.] Shak. -- Zeal"ous*ly, adv. -- Zeal"ous*ness, n.

ZEBEC Ze"bec, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Xebec.

ZEBRA Ze"bra, n. Etym: [Pg. zebra; cf. Sp. cebra; probably from a native African name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Either one of two species of South African wild horses remarkable for having the body white or yellowish white, and conspicuously marked with dark brown or brackish bands.

Note: The true or mountain zebra (Equus, or Asinus, zebra) is nearly white, and the bands which cover the body and legs are glossy black. Its tail has a tuft of black hair at the tip. It inhabits the mountains of Central and Southern Africa, and is noted for its wariness and wildness, as well as for its swiftness. The second species (Equus, or Asinus, Burchellii), known as Burchell's zebra, and dauw, inhabits the grassy plains of South Africa, and differs from the preceding in not having dark bands on the legs, while those on the body are more irregular. It has a long tail, covered with long white flowing hair. Zebra caterpillar, the larva of an American noctuid moth (Mamestra picta). It is light yellow, with a broad black stripe on the back and one on each side; the lateral stripes are crossed with withe lines. It feeds on cabbages, beets, clover, and other cultivated plants. -- Zebra opossum, the zebra wolf. See under Wolf. -- Zebra parrakeet, an Australian grass parrakeet, often kept as a cage bird. Its upper parts are mostly pale greenish yellow, transversely barred with brownish black crescents; the under parts, rump, and upper tail coverts, are bright green; two central tail feathers and the cheek patches are blue. Called also canary parrot, scallop parrot, shell parrot, and undulated parrot. -- Zebra poison (Bot.), a poisonous tree (Euphorbia arborea) of the Spurge family, found in South Africa. Its milky juice is so poisonous that zebras have been killed by drinking water in which its branches had been placed, and it is also used as an arrow poison. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants). -- Zebra shark. Same as Tiger shark, under Tiger. -- Zebra spider, a hunting spider. -- Zebra swallowtail, a very large North American swallow-tailed butterfly (Iphiclides ajax), in which the wings are yellow, barred with black; -- called also ajax. -- Zebra wolf. See under Wolf.

ZEBRAWOOD Ze"bra*wood`, n. (a) A kind of cabinet wood having beautiful black, brown, and whitish stripes, the timber of a tropical American tree (Connarus Guianensis). (b) The wood of a small West Indian myrtaceous tree (Eugenia fragrans). (c) The wood of an East Indian tree of the genus Guettarda.

ZEBRINE Ze"brine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, the zebra.

ZEBRINNY Ze*brin"ny, n.; pl. -nies.

Defn: A cross between a male horse and a female zebra.

ZEBRULA; ZEBRULE Ze"bru*la, Ze"brule, n.

Defn: A cross between a male zebra and a female horse.

ZEBU Ze"bu, n. [zébu; of uncertain origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bovine mammal (Ros Indicus) extensively domesticated in India, China, the East Indies, and East Africa. It usually has short horns, large pendulous ears, slender legs, a large dewlap, and a large, prominent hump over the shoulders; but these characters vary in different domestic breeds, which range in size from that of the common ox to that of a large mastiff.

Note: Some of the varieties are used as beasts of burden, and some fore for riding, while others are raised for their milk and flesh. The Brahmin bull, regarded as sacred by the Hindoos, also belongs to this species. The male is called also Indian bull, Indian ox, Madras ox, and sacred bull.

ZEBUB Ze"bub, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large noxious fly of Abyssinia, which like the tsetse fly, is destructive to cattle.

ZECHIN Ze"chin, n.

Defn: See Sequin.

ZECHSTEIN Zech"stein`, n. Etym: [Gr., fr. zeche a mine + stein a stone.] (Geol.)

Defn: The upper division of the Permian (Dyas) of Europe. The prevailing rock is a magnesian limestone.

ZED Zed, n. Etym: [F., probably through It. zeta, fr. L. zeta. See Zeta.]

Defn: The letter Z; -- called also zee, and formerly izzard. "Zed, thou unnecessary letter!" Shak.

ZEDOARY Zed"o*a*ry, n. Etym: [F. zédoaire, LL. zedoaria; cf. It. zedoaria, zettovario, Pg. zedoaria, Sp. zedoaria, cedoaria; all fr. Ar. & Per. zedw.] (Med.)

Defn: A medicinal substance obtained in the East Indian, having a fragrant smell, and a warm, bitter, aromatic taste. It is used in medicine as a stimulant.

Note: It is the rhizome of different species of Curcuma, esp. C. zedoaria, and comes in short, firm pieces, externally of a wrinkled gray, ash-colored appearance, but within of a brownish red color. There are two kinds, round zedoary, and long zedoary.

ZEEKOE Zee"koe, n. Etym: [D., sea cow, lake cow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hippopotamus.

ZEEMAN EFFECT Zee"man ef*fect". (Physics)

Defn: The widening and duplication, triplication, etc., of spectral lines when the radiations emanate in a strong magnetic field, first observed in 1896 by P. Zeeman, a Dutch physicist, and regarded as an important confirmation of the electromagnetic theory of light.

ZEHNER Zeh"ner, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: An Austrian silver coin equal to ten kreutzers, or about five cents.

ZEIN Ze"in, n. Etym: [Cf. F. zé\'8bne. See Zea.] (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous substance of the nature of gluten, obtained from the seeds of Indian corn (Zea) as a soft, yellowish, amorphous substance. [Formerly written zeine.]

ZEITGEIST Zeit"geist`, n. [G.; zeit time + geist spirit. See Tide, n.; Ghost, n.]

Defn: The spirit of the time; the general intellectual and moral state or temper characteristic of any period of time.

ZEMINDAR Zem`in*dar", n.

Defn: Same as Zamindar.

ZEMINDARY; ZEMINDARI Zem"in*da*ry, Zem"in*da*ri, n.

Defn: Same as Zamindary.

ZEMNI Zem"ni, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The blind mole rat (Spalax typhlus), native of Eastern Europe and Asia. Its eyes and ears are rudimentary, and its fur is soft and brownish, more or less tinged with gray. It constructs extensive burrows.

ZEMSTVO Zem"stvo, n. [Russ., fr. zemlya land.]

Defn: In Russia, an elective local district and provincial administrative assembly. Originally it was composed of representatives elected by the peasantry, the householders of the towns, and the landed proprietors. In the reign of Alexander III. the power of the noble landowners was increased, the peasants allowed only to elect candidates from whom the governor of the province nominated the deputy, and all acts of the zemstvo subjected to the approval of the governor. Theoretically the zemstvo has large powers relating to taxation, education, public health, etc., but practically these powers are in most cases limited to the adjustment of the state taxation.

ZENANA Ze*na"na, n. Etym: [Hind. zenana, zanana, fr. Per. zanana, fr. zan woman; akin to E. queen.]

Defn: The part of a dwelling appropriated to women. [India]

ZEND Zend, n. Etym: [See Zend-Avesta.]

Defn: Properly, the translation and exposition in the Huzvâresh, or literary Pehlevi, language, of the Avesta, the Zoroastrian sacred writings; as commonly used, the language (an ancient Persian dialect) in which the Avesta is written.

ZEND-AVESTA Zend`-A*ves"ta, n. Etym: [Properly, the Avesta, or sacred text, and its zend, or interpretation, in a more modern and intelligible language. W. D. Whitney.]

Defn: The sacred writings of the ancient Persian religion, attributed to Zoroaster, but chiefly of a later date.

ZENDIK Zen"dik, n. Etym: [Ar. zandik.]

Defn: An atheist or unbeliever; -- name given in the East to those charged with disbelief of any revealed religion, or accused of magical heresies.

ZENICK Ze"nick, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South African burrowing mammal (Suricata tetradactyla), allied to the civets. It is grayish brown, with yellowish transverse stripes on the back. Called also suricat.

ZENIK Ze"nik, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Zenick.

ZENITH Ze"nith, n. Etym: [OE. senyth, OF. cenith, F. zénith, Sp. zenit, cenit, abbrev. fr. Ar. samt-urras way of the head, vertical place; samt way, path + al the + ras head. Cf. Azimuth.]

1. That point in the visible celestial hemisphere which is vertical to the spectator; the point of the heavens directly overhead; -- opposed to nadir. From morn To noon he fell, from noon to dewy eve, A summer's day; and with the setting sun Dropped from the zenith, like a falling star. Milton.

2. hence, figuratively, the point of culmination; the greatest height; the height of success or prosperity. I find my zenith doth depend upon A most auspicious star. Shak. This dead of midnight is the noon of thought, And wisdom mounts her zenith with the stars. Mrs. Barbauld. It was during those civil troubles . . . this aspiring family reached the zenith. Macaulay. Zenith distance. (Astron.) See under Distance. -- Zenith sector. (Astron.) See Sector, 3. -- Zenith telescope (Geodesy), a telescope specially designed for determining the latitude by means of any two stars which pass the meridian about the same time, and at nearly equal distances from the zenith, but on opposite sides of it. It turns both on a vertical and a horizontal axis, is provided with a graduated vertical semicircle, and a level for setting it to a given zenith distance, and with a micrometer for measuring the difference of the zenith distances of the two stars.

ZENITHAL Ze"nith*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the zenith. "The deep zenithal blue." Tyndall.

ZEOLITE Ze"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite: cf. F. zéolithe.] (Min.)

Defn: A term now used to designate any one of a family of minerals, hydrous silicates of alumina, with lime, soda, potash, or rarely baryta. Here are included natrolite, stilbite, analcime, chabazite, thomsonite, heulandite, and others. These species occur of secondary origin in the cavities of amygdaloid, basalt, and lava, also, less frequently, in granite and gneiss. So called because many of these species intumesce before the blowpipe. Needle zeolite, needlestone; natrolite.

ZEOLITIC Ze`o*lit"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a zeolite; consisting of, or resembling, a zeolite.

ZEOLITIFORM Ze`o*lit"i*form, a.

Defn: Having the form of a zeolite.

ZEPHYR Zeph"yr, n. Etym: [L. zephyrus, Gr. zéphyr.]

Defn: The west wind; poetically, any soft, gentle breeze. "Soft the zephyr blows." Gray. As gentle As zephyrs blowing below the violet. Shak. Zephyr cloth, a thin kind of cassimere made in Belgium; also, a waterproof fabric of wool. -- Zephyr shawl, a kind of thin, light, embroidered shawl made of worsted and cotton. -- Zephyr yarn, or worsted, a fine, soft kind of yarn or worsted, -- used for knitting and embroidery.

ZEPHYRUS Zeph"y*rus, n. Etym: [L. See Zephyr.]

Defn: The west wind, or zephyr; -- usually personified, and made the most mild and gentle of all the sylvan deities. Mild as when Zephyrus on Flora breathes. Milton.

ZEPPELIN Zep`pe*lin" (tsep`pe*le"; Angl. zep"pe*lin), n.

Defn: A dirigible balloon of the rigid type, consisting of a cylindrical trussed and covered frame supported by internal gas cells, and provided with means of propulsion and control. It was first successfully used by Ferdinand Count von Zeppelin.

ZEQUIN Ze"quin, n.

Defn: See Sequin.

ZERDA Zer"da, n. Etym: [Of African origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The fennec.

ZERIBA Ze*ri"ba, n. (Mil.)

Defn: Same as Zareba.

ZERO Ze"ro, n; pl. Zeros or Zeroes. Etym: [F. zéro, from Ar. çafrun, çifrun, empty, a cipher. Cf. Cipher.]

1. (Arith.)

Defn: A cipher; nothing; naught.

2. The point from which the graduation of a scale, as of a thermometer, commences.

Note: Zero in the Centigrade, or Celsius thermometer, and in the Réaumur thermometer, is at the point at which water congeals. The zero of the Fahrenheit thermometer is fixed at the point at which the mercury stands when immersed in a mixture of snow and common salt. In Wedgwood's pyrometer, the zero corresponds with 1077° on the Fahrenheit scale. See Illust. of Thermometer.

3. Fig.: The lowest point; the point of exhaustion; as, his patience had nearly reached zero. Absolute zero. See under Absolute. -- Zero method (Physics), a method of comparing, or measuring, forces, electric currents, etc., by so opposing them that the pointer of an indicating apparatus, or the needle of a galvanometer, remains at, or is brought to, zero, as contrasted with methods in which the deflection is observed directly; -- called also null method. -- Zero point, the point indicating zero, or the commencement of a scale or reckoning.

ZEST Zest, n. Etym: [F. zeste, probably fr. L. schistos split, cleft, divided, Gr. Schism.]

1. A piece of orange or lemon peel, or the aromatic oil which may be squeezed from such peel, used to give flavor to liquor, etc.

2. Hence, something that gives or enhances a pleasant taste, or the taste itself; an appetizer; also, keen enjoyment; relish; gusto. Almighty Vanity! to thee they owe Their zest of pleasure, and their balm of woe. Young. Liberality of disposition and conduct gives the highest zest and relish to social intercourse. Gogan.

3. The woody, thick skin inclosing the kernel of a walnut. [Obs.]

ZEST Zest, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Zested; p. pr. & vb. n. Zesting.]

1. To cut into thin slips, as the peel of an orange, lemon, etc.; to squeeze, as peel, over the surface of anything.

2. To give a relish or flavor to; to heighten the taste or relish of; as, to zest wine. Gibber.

ZETA Ze"ta, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. Zed.]

Defn: A Greek letter [z] corresponding to our z.

ZETETIC Ze*tet"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. zététique.]

Defn: Seeking; proceeding by inquiry. Zetetic method (Math.), the method used for finding the value of unknown quantities by direct search, in investigation, or in the solution of problems. [R.] Hutton.

ZETETIC Ze*tet"ic, n.

Defn: A seeker; -- a name adopted by some of the Pyrrhonists.

ZETETICS Ze*tet"ics, n. Etym: [See Zetetic, a.] (Math.)

Defn: A branch of algebra which relates to the direct search for unknown quantities. [R.]

ZEUGLODON Zeu"glo*don, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of extinct Eocene whales, remains of which have been found in the Gulf States. The species had very long and slender bodies and broad serrated teeth. See Phocodontia.

ZEUGLODONT Zeu"glo*dont, (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Zeuglodonta.

ZEUGLODONTA Zeu`glo*don"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Phocodontia.

ZEUGMA Zeug"ma, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. Yoke.] (Gram.)

Defn: A figure by which an adjective or verb, which agrees with a nearer word, is, by way of supplement, referred also to another more remote; as, "hic illius arma, hic currus fuit;" where fuit, which agrees directly with currus, is referred also to arma.

ZEUGMATIC Zeug*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to zeugma; characterized by zeugma.

ZEUGOBRANCHIATA Zeu`go*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Zygobranchia.

ZEUS Zeus, n. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: The chief deity of the Greeks, and ruler of the upper world (cf. Hades). He was identified with Jupiter.

ZEUZERIAN Zeu*ze"ri*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of a group of bombycid moths of which the genus Zeuzera is the type. Some of these moths are of large size. The goat moth is an example.

ZEYLANITE Zey"lan*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Ceylanite.

ZIBET; ZIBETH Zib"et, Zib"eth, n. Etym: [Cf. It. zibetto. See Civet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A carnivorous mammal (Viverra zibetha) closely allied to the civet, from which it differs in having the spots on the body less distinct, the throat whiter, and the black rings on the tail more numerous.

Note: It inhabits India, Southern China, and the East Indies. It yields a perfume similar to that of the civet. It is often domesticated by the natives, and then serves the same purposes as the domestic cat. Called also Asiatic, or Indian, civet.

ZIEGA Zie"ga, n.

Defn: Curd produced from milk by adding acetic acid, after rennet has ceased to cause coagulation. Brande & C.

ZIETRISIKITE Zie`tri*si"kite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral wax, vert similar to ozocerite. It is found at Zietrisika, Moldavia, whence its name.

ZIF Zif, n. Etym: [Heb. ziv.]

Defn: The second month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, corresponding to our May.

ZIGGER; ZIGHYR Zig"ger, Zig"hyr, v. i. (Mining)

Defn: Same as Sicker. [Prov. Eng.] Raymond.

ZIGZAG Zig"zag`, n. Etym: [F. zigzag, G. zickzack, from zacke, zacken, a dentil, tooth. Cf. Tack a small nail.]

1. Something that has short turns or angles. The fanatics going straight forward and openly, the politicians by the surer mode of zigzag. Burke.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A molding running in a zigzag line; a chevron, or series of chevrons. See Illust. of Chevron, 3.

3. (Fort.)

Defn: See Boyau.

ZIGZAG Zig"zag`, a.

Defn: Having short, sharp turns; running this way and that in an onward course.

ZIGZAG Zig"zag`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Zigzagged; p. pr. & vb. n. Zigzagging.]

Defn: To form with short turns.

ZIGZAG Zig"zag`, v. i.

Defn: To move in a zigzag manner; also, to have a zigzag shape. R. Browning.

ZIGZAGGERY Zig"zag`ger*y, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being zigzag; crookedness. [R.] The . . . zigzaggery of my father's approaches. Sterne.

ZIGZAGGY Zig"zag`gy, a.

Defn: Having sharp turns. Barham.

ZIKKURAT Zik"ku*rat, n.

Defn: A temple tower of the Babylonians or Assyrians, consisting of a lofty pyramidal structure, built in successive stages, with outside staircases, and a shrine at the top.

ZILLA Zil"la, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A low, thorny, suffrutescent, crucifeous plant (Zilla myagroides) found in the deserts of Egypt. Its leaves are boiled in water, and eaten, by the Arabs.

ZILLAH Zil"lah, n. Etym: [Ar. zila.]

Defn: A district or local division, as of a province. [India]

ZIMB Zimb, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, venomous, two-winged fly, native of Abyssinia. It is allied to the tsetse fly, and, like the latter, is destructive to cattle.

ZIMENT-WATER Zim"ent-wa`ter, n. Etym: [G. cement-wasser. See Cement.]

Defn: A kind of water found in copper mines; water impregnated with copper.

ZIMOCCA Zi*moc"ca, n.

Defn: A sponge (Euspongia zimocca) of flat form and fine quality, from the Adriatic, about the Greek islands, and the coast of Barbary.

ZINC Zinc, n. Etym: [G. zinc, probably akin to zinn tin: cf. F. zinc, from the German. Cf. Tin.] (Chem.)

Defn: An abundant element of the magnesium-cadmium group, extracted principally from the minerals zinc blende, smithsonite, calamine, and franklinite, as an easily fusible bluish white metal, which is malleable, especially when heated. It is not easily oxidized in moist air, and hence is used for sheeting, coating galvanized iron, etc. It is used in making brass, britannia, and other alloys, and is also largely consumed in electric batteries. Symbol Zn. Atomic weight 64.9 [Formerly written also zink.] Butter of zinc (Old Chem.), zinc chloride, ZnCl2, a deliquescent white waxy or oily substance. -- Oxide of zinc. (Chem.) See Zinc oxide, below. -- Zinc amine (Chem.), a white amorphous substance, Zn(NH2)2, obtained by the action of ammonia on zinc ethyl; -- called also zinc amide. -- Zinc amyle (Chem.), a colorless, transparent liquid, composed of zinc and amyle, which, when exposed to the atmosphere, emits fumes, and absorbs oxygen with rapidity. -- Zinc blende Etym: [cf. G. zinkblende] (Min.), a native zinc sulphide. See Blende, n. (a) -- Zinc bloom Etym: [cf. G. zinkblumen flowers of zinc, oxide of zinc] (Min.), hydrous carbonate of zinc, usually occurring in white earthy incrustations; -- called also hydrozincite. -- Zinc ethyl (Chem.), a colorless, transparent, poisonous liquid, composed of zinc and ethyl, which takes fire spontaneously on exposure to the atmosphere. -- Zinc green, a green pigment consisting of zinc and cobalt oxides; -- called also Rinmann's green. -- Zinc methyl (Chem.), a colorless mobile liquid Zn(CH3)2, produced by the action of methyl iodide on a zinc sodium alloy. It has a disagreeable odor, and is spontaneously inflammable in the air. It has been of great importance in the synthesis of organic compounds, and is the type of a large series of similar compounds, as zinc ethyl, zinc amyle, etc. -- Zinc oxide (Chem.), the oxide of zinc, ZnO, forming a light fluffy sublimate when zinc is burned; -- called also flowers of zinc, philosopher's wool, nihil album, etc. The impure oxide produced by burning the metal, roasting its ores, or in melting brass, is called also pompholyx, and tutty. -- Zinc spinel (Min.), a mineral, related to spinel, consisting essentially of the oxides of zinc and aluminium; gahnite. -- Zinc vitriol (Chem.), zinc sulphate. See White vitriol, under Vitriol. -- Zinc white, a white powder consisting of zinc oxide, used as a pigment.

ZINC Zinc, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Zincked or Zinced (; p. pr. & vb. n. Zincking or Zincing (.]

Defn: To coat with zinc; to galvanize.

ZINCANE Zinc"ane, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Zinc chloride. [Obs.]

ZINCIC Zinc"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, containing, or resembling, zinc; zincous.

ZINCIDE Zinc"ide, n.

Defn: A binary compound of zinc. [R.]

ZINCIFEROUS Zinc*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Zinc + -ferous.]

Defn: Containing or affording zinc.

ZINCIFICATION Zinc`i*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of applying zinc; the condition of being zincified, or covered with zinc; galvanization.

ZINCIFY Zinc"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [Zinc + -fy.] (Metal.)

Defn: To coat or impregnate with zinc.

ZINCITE Zinc"ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Native zinc oxide; a brittle, translucent mineral, of an orange-red color; -- called also red zinc ore, and red oxide of zinc.

ZINCKING; ZINCING Zinck"ing, or Zinc"ing, n. (Metal.)

Defn: The act or process of applying zinc; galvanization.

ZINCKY Zinck"y

Defn: , Pertaining to zinc, or having its appearance. [Written also zinky.]

ZINCO- Zin"co-.

Defn: A combining form from zinc; in chemistry, designating zinc as an element of certain double compounds. Also used adjectively.

ZINCODE Zinc"ode, n. Etym: [Zinc + -ode, as in electrode.] (Elec.)

Defn: The positive electrode of an electrolytic cell; anode. [R.] Miller.

ZINCOGRAPH Zin"co*graph, n.

Defn: A zinc plate prepared for printing by zincography; also, a print from such a plate.

ZINCOGRAPHER Zin*cog"ra*pher, n.

Defn: Am engraver on zinc.

ZINCOGRAPHIC; ZINCOGRAPHICAL Zin`co*graph"ic, Zin`co*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to zincography; as, zincographic processes.

ZINCOGRAPHY Zin*cog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Zinco- + -graphy.]

Defn: The art or process of engraving or etching on zinc, in which the design is left in relief in the style of a wood cut, the rest of the ground being eaten away by acid.

ZINCOID Zinc"oid, a. Etym: [Zinc + -oid.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, zinc; -- said of the electricity of the zincous plate in connection with a copper plate in a voltaic circle; also, designating the positive pole. [Obs.]

ZINCO-POLAR Zin`co-po"lar, a. Etym: [Zinco- + polar.] (Elec.)

Defn: Electrically polarized like the surface of the zinc presented to the acid in a battery, which has zincous affinity. [Obs.]

ZINCOUS Zinc"ous, a.

1. (Chem.) (a) Of, pertaining to, or containing, zinc; zincic; as, zincous salts. (b) Hence, formerly, basic, basylous, as opposed to chlorous.

2. (Physics)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the positive pole of a galvanic battery; electro-positive.

ZINGARO Zin"ga*ro, n.; pl. Zingari. Etym: [It.]

Defn: A gypsy.

ZINGEL Zing"el, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, edible, freshwater European perch (Aspro zingel), having a round, elongated body and prominent snout.

ZINGIBERACEOUS Zin`gi*ber*a"ceous, a. Etym: [L. zingiber ginger. See Ginger.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to ginger, or to a tribe (Zingibereæ) of endogenous plants of the order Scitamineæ. See Scitamineous.

ZINK Zink, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Zinc. [Obs.]

ZINKENITE Zink"en*ite, n. Etym: [From Zinken, director at one time of the Hanoverian mines.] (Min.)

Defn: A steel-gray metallic mineral, a sulphide of antimony and lead.

ZINKY Zink"y, a.

Defn: See Zincky. Kirwan.

ZINNIA Zin"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL. So called after Professor Zinn, of Göttingen.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the composite genus Zinnia, Mexican herbs with opposite leaves and large gay-colored blossoms. Zinnia elegans is the commonest species in cultivation.

ZINNWALDITE Zinn"wald*ite, n. Etym: [So called after Zinnwald, in Bohemia, where it occurs.] (Min.)

Defn: A kind of mica containing lithium, often associated with tin ore.

ZINSANG Zin"sang, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The delundung.

ZINZIBERACEOUS Zin`zi*ber*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Zingiberaceous.

ZION Zi"on, n. Etym: [Heb. tsiy, originally, a hill.]

1. (Jewish Antiq.)

Defn: A hill in Jerusalem, which, after the capture of that city by the Israelites, became the royal residence of David and his successors.

2. Hence, the theocracy, or church of God.

3. The heavenly Jerusalem; heaven.

ZIONISM Zi"on*ism, n. [Zion + -ism.]

Defn: Among the Jews, a theory, plan, or movement for colonizing their own race in Palestine, the land of Zion, or, if that is impracticable, elsewhere, either for religious or nationalizing purposes; -- called also Zion movement. --Zi"on*ist, n. -- Zi`on*is"tic (#), a.

ZIP Zip, n. [Imitative.]

Defn: A hissing or sibilant sound such as that made by a flying bullet.

ZIP Zip, v. i.

Defn: To make, or move with, such a sound.

ZIPHIOID Ziph"i*oid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Xiphioid.

ZIRCO- Zir"co-. (Chem.)

Defn: A combining form (also used adjectively) designating zirconium as an element of certain double compounds; zircono-; as in zircofluoric acid, sodium zircofluoride.

ZIRCOFLUORIDE Zir`co*flu"or*ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A double fluoride of zirconium and hydrogen, or some other positive element or radical; as, zircofluoride of sodium.

ZIRCON Zir"con, n. Etym: [F., the same word as jargon. See Jargon a variety of zircon.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occurring in tetragonal crystals, usually of a brown or gray color. It consists of silica and zirconia. A red variety, used as a gem, is called hyacinth. Colorless, pale-yellow or smoky- brown varieties from Ceylon are called jargon. Zircon syenite, a coarse-grained syenite containing zircon crystals and often also elæolite. It is largely developed in Southern Norway.

ZIRCONA Zir"co*na, n. Etym: [NL.] (Chem.)

Defn: Zirconia.

ZIRCONATE Zir"con*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of zirconic acid.

ZIRCONIA Zir*co"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Chem.)

Defn: The oxide of zirconium, obtained as a white powder, and possessing both acid and basic properties. On account of its infusibility, and brilliant luminosity when incandescent, it is used as an ingredient of sticks for the Drummomd light.

ZIRCONIC Zir*con"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, containing, or resembling, zirconium; as, zirconic oxide; zirconic compounds. Zirconic acid, an acid of zirconium analogous to carbonic and silicic acids, known only in its salts.

ZIRCONIUM Zir*co"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare element of the carbon-silicon group, intermediate between the metals and nonmetals, obtained from the mineral zircon as a dark sooty powder, or as a gray metallic crystalline substance. Symbol Zr. Atomic weight, 90.4.

ZIRCON LIGHT Zir"con light. (Physics)

Defn: A light, similar to the calcium light, produced by incandescent zirconia.

ZIRCONO Zir"co*no.

Defn: See Zirco-.

ZIRCONOID Zir"con*oid, n. Etym: [Zircon + oid.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: A double eight-sided pyramid, a form common with tetragonal crystals; -- so called because this form often occurs in crystals of zircon.

ZITHER Zith"er, n. Etym: [G. zither. See Cittern.] (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument of music used in Austria and Germany. It has from thirty to forty wires strung across a shallow sounding-board, which lies horizontally on a table before the performer, who uses both hands in playing on it.

Note: [Not to be confounded with the old lute-shaped cittern, or cithern.]

ZITTERN Zit"tern, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Cittern.

ZIZANIA Zi*za"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL., from L. zizanium darnel, cockle, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of grasses including Indian rice. See Indian rice, under Rice.

ZIZEL Ziz"el, n. Etym: [G. ziesel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The suslik. [Written also zisel.]

ZIZITH Zi"zith, n. pl. [Heb. tsitsith.]

Defn: The tassels of twisted cords or threads on the corners of the upper garment worn by strict Jews. The Hebrew for this word is translated in both the Authorized and Revised Versions (Deut. xxii. 12) by the word "fringes."

ZOANTHACEA Zo`an*tha"ce*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of Actinaria, including Zoanthus and allied genera, which are permanently attached by their bases.

ZOANTHARIA Zo`an*tha"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Anthozoa.

ZOANTHARIAN Zo`an*tha"ri*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Zoantharia. -- n.

Defn: One of the Anthozoa.

ZOANTHODEME Zo*an"tho*deme, n. Etym: [See Zoantharia, and Deme.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The zooids of a compound anthozoan, collectively.

ZOANTHOID Zo*an"thoid, a. Etym: [See Zoantharia, and -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Zoanthacea.

ZOANTHROPY Zo*an"thro*py, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A kind of monomania in which the patient believes himself transformed into one of the lower animals.

ZOANTHUS Zo*an"thus, n. Etym: [NL. See Zoantharia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Actinaria, including numerous species, found mostly in tropical seas. The zooids or polyps resemble small, elongated actinias united together at their bases by fleshy stolons, and thus forming extensive groups. The tentacles are small and bright colored.

ZOBO Zo"bo, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of domestic cattle reared in Asia for its flesh and milk. It is supposed to be a hybrid between the zebu and the yak.

ZOCCO; ZOCCOLO Zoc"co, Zoc"co*lo, n. Etym: [It. fr. L. socculus. See Socle, and cf. Zacco.] (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Socle.

ZOCLE Zo"cle, n. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Socle.

ZODIAC Zo"di*ac, n. Etym: [F. zodiaque (cf. It. zodiaco), fr. L. zodiacus, Gr.

1. (Astron.) (a) An imaginary belt in the heavens, 16º or 18º broad, in the middle of which is the ecliptic, or sun's path. It comprises the twelve constellations, which one constituted, and from which were named, the twelve signs of the zodiac. (b) A figure representing the signs, symbols, and constellations of the zodiac.

2. A girdle; a belt. [Poetic & R.] By his side, As in a glistering zodiac, hung the sword. Milton.

ZODIACAL Zo*di"a*cal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. zodiacal.] (Astron.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the zodiac; situated within the zodiac; as, the zodiacal planets. Zodiacal light, a luminous tract of the sky, of an elongated, triangular figure, lying near the ecliptic, its base being on the horizon, and its apex at varying altitudes. It is to be seen only in the evening, after twilight, and in the morning before dawn. It is supposed to be due to sunlight reflected from multitudes of meteoroids revolving about the sun nearly in the plane of the ecliptic.

ZOEA Zo"ë*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A peculiar larval stage of certain decapod Crustacea, especially of crabs and certain Anomura. [Written also zoæa.]

Note: In this stage the anterior part of the body is relatively large, and usually bears three or four long spines. The years are conspicuous, and the antennæ and jaws are long, fringed organs used in swimming. The thoracic legs are undeveloped or rudimentary, the abdomen long, slender, and often without appendages. The zoëa, after casting its shell, changes to a megalops.

ZOETROPE Zo"e*trope, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An optical toy, in which figures made to revolve on the inside of a cylinder, and viewed through slits in its circumference, appear like a single figure passing through a series of natural motions as if animated or mechanically moved.

ZOHAR Zo"har, n. Etym: [Heb. z candor, splendor.]

Defn: A Jewish cabalistic book attributed by tradition to Rabbi Simon ben Yochi, who lived about the end of the 1st century, a. d. Modern critics believe it to be a compilation of the 13th century. Encyc. Brit.

ZOIC Zo"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to animals, or animal life.

ZOIDE Zo"ide, n. (Biol.)

Defn: See Meride.

ZOILEAN Zo*il"e*an, a.

Defn: Having the characteristic of Zoilus, a bitter, envious, unjust critic, who lived about 270 years before Christ.

ZOILISM Zo"i*lism, n.

Defn: Resemblance to Zoilus in style or manner; carping criticism; detraction. Bring candid eyes the perusal of men's works, and let not Zoilism or detraction blast well-intended labors. Sir T. Browne.

ZOISITE Zois"ite, n. Etym: [After its discoverer, Von Zois, an Austrian mineralogist.] (Min.)

Defn: A grayish or whitish mineral occurring in orthorhombic, prismatic crystals, also in columnar masses. It is a silicate of alumina and lime, and is allied to epidote.

ZOISM Zo"ism, n. [Gr. zwh` life + -ism.]

1. Reverence for animal life or belief in animal powers and influences, as among savages.

2. (Biol.) A doctrine, now discarded, that the phenomena of life are due to a peculiar vital principle; the theory of vital force.

ZOKOR Zo"kor, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Asiatic burrowing rodent (Siphneus aspalax) resembling the mole rat. It is native of the Altai Mountains.

ZOLAESQUE Zo`la*esque", a.

Defn: In the style of Zola (see Zolaism).

ZOLAISM Zo"la*ism, n.

Defn: The literary theories and practices of the French novelist Emile Zola (1840-1902); naturalism, esp. in a derogatory sense. -- Zo"la*ist, n. -- Zo`la*is"tic (#), a. -- Zo"la*ize (#), v.

ZOLLNER'S LINES Zöll"ner's lines`. [So called after Friedrich Zöllner, a German physicist.]

Defn: Parallel lines that are made to appear convergent or divergent by means of oblique intersections.

ZOLLVEREIN Zoll"ve*rein`, n. Etym: [G., from zoll duty + verein union.]

Defn: Literally, a customs union; specifically, applied to the several customs unions successively formed under the leadership of Prussia among certain German states for establishing liberty of commerce among themselves and common tariff on imports, exports, and transit.

Note: In 1834 a zollverein was established which included most of the principal German states except Austria. This was terminated by the events of 1866, and in 1867 a more closely organized union was formed, the administration of which was ultimately merged in that of the new German empire, with which it nearly corresponds territorially.

ZOMBORUK Zom"bo*ruk, n. (Mil.)

Defn: See Zumbooruk.

ZONA Zo"na, n.; pl. Zonæ. Etym: [L., a girdle. See Zone.]

Defn: A zone or band; a layer. Zona pellucida. Etym: [NL.] (Biol.) (a) The outer transparent layer, or envelope, of the ovum. It is a more or less elastic membrane with radiating striæ, and corresponds to the cell wall of an ordinary cell. See Ovum, and Illust. of Microscope. (b) The zona radiata. -- Zona radiata Etym: [NL.] (Biol.), a radiately striated membrane situated next the yolk of an ovum, or separated from it by a very delicate membrane only.

ZONAL Zon"al, a. Etym: [L. zonalis.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a zone; having the form of a zone or zones. Zonal equation (Crystallog.), the mathematical relation which belongs to all the planes of a zone, and expresses their common position with reference to the axes. -- Zonal structure (Crystallog.), a structure characterized by the arrangements of color, inclusions, etc., of a crystal in parallel or concentric layers, which usually follow the outline of the crystal, and mark the changes that have taken place during its growth. -- Zonal symmetry. (Biol.) See the Note under Symmetry.

ZONAR Zo"nar, n. Etym: [Mod. Gr. Zone.]

Defn: A belt or girdle which the Christians and Jews of the Levant were obliged to wear to distinguish them from Mohammedans. [Written also zonnar.]

ZONARIA Zo*na"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Mammalia in which the placenta is zonelike.

ZONATE Zon"ate, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Divided by parallel planes; as, zonate tetraspores, found in certain red algæ.

ZONE Zone, n. Etym: [F. zone, L. zona, Gr. j to gird, Zend yah.]

1. A girdle; a cincture. [Poetic] An embroidered zone surrounds her waist. Dryden. Loose were her tresses seen, her zone unbound. Collins.

2. (Geog.)

Defn: One of the five great divisions of the earth, with respect to latitude and temperature.

Note: The zones are five: the torrid zone, extending from tropic to tropic 46º 56min, or 23º 28min on each side of the equator; two temperate or variable zones, situated between the tropics and the polar circles; and two frigid zones, situated between the polar circles and the poles. Commerce . . . defies every wind, outrides every tempest, and invades. Bancroft.

3. (Math.)

Defn: The portion of the surface of a sphere included between two parallel planes; the portion of a surface of revolution included between two planes perpendicular to the axis. Davies & Peck (Math. Dict.)

4. (Nat. Hist.) (a) A band or stripe extending around a body. (b) A band or area of growth encircling anything; as, a zone of evergreens on a mountain; the zone of animal or vegetable life in the ocean around an island or a continent; the Alpine zone, that part of mountains which is above the limit of tree growth.

5. (Crystallog.)

Defn: A series of planes having mutually parallel intersections.

6. Circuit; circumference. [R.] Milton. Abyssal zone. (Phys. Geog.) See under Abyssal. -- Zone axis (Crystallog.), a straight line passing through the center of a crystal, to which all the planes of a given zone are parallel.

ZONE Zone, v. t.

Defn: To girdle; to encircle. [R.] Keats.

ZONED Zoned, a.

1. Wearing a zone, or girdle. Pope.

2. Having zones, or concentric bands; striped.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Zonate.

ZONELESS Zone"less, a.

Defn: Not having a zone; ungirded. The reeling goddess with the zoneless waist. Cowper. In careless folds, loose fell her zoneless vest. Mason.

ZONNAR Zon"nar, n.

Defn: See Zonar.

ZONULAR Zon"u*lar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a zone; zone-shaped. "The zonular type of a placenta." Dana.

ZONULE Zon"ule, n.

Defn: A little zone, or girdle.

ZONULET Zon"u*let, n.

Defn: A zonule. Herrick.

ZONURE Zon"ure, n. Etym: [Zone + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several of South African lizards of the genus Zonura, common in rocky situations.

ZOO-; ZOOE- Zo"ö-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. zwo^,n an animal, as in zoögenic, zoölogy, etc.

ZOOCHEMICAL; ZOOECHEMICAL Zo`ö*chem"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to zoöchemistry.

ZOOCHEMISTRY; ZOOECHEMISTRY Zo`ö*chem"is*try, n. Etym: [Zoö- + chemistry.]

Defn: Animal chemistry; particularly, the description of the chemical compounds entering into the composition of the animal body, in distinction from biochemistry.

ZOOCHEMY; ZOOECHEMY Zo*öch"e*my, n. Etym: [Zoö- + Gr.

Defn: Animal chemistry; zoöchemistry. Dunglison.

ZOOCHLORELLA; ZOOECHLORELLA Zo`ö*chlo*rel"la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the small green granulelike bodies found in the interior of certain stentors, hydras, and other invertebrates.

ZOOCYST; ZOOECYST Zo"ö*cyst, n. Etym: [Zoö- + cyst.] (Biol.)

Defn: A cyst formed by certain Protozoa and unicellular plants which the contents divide into a large number of granules, each of which becomes a germ.

ZOOCYTIUM; ZOOECYTIUM Zo`ö*cy"ti*um, n.; pl. Zoöcytia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common support, often branched, of certain species of social Infusoria.

ZOODENDRIUM; ZOOEDENDRIUM Zo`ö*den"dri*um, n.; pl. Zoödendria. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The branched, and often treelike, support of the colonies of certain Infusoria.

ZOOECIUM Zo*oe"ci*um, n.; pl. Zooecia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the cells or tubes which inclose the feeling zooids of Bryozoa. See Illust. of Sea Moss.

ZOOERYTHRINE; ZOOEERYTHRINE Zo`ö*e*ryth"rine, n. Etym: [Zoö- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A peculiar organic red coloring matter found in the feathers of various birds.

ZOOGAMOUS; ZOOEGAMOUS Zo*ög"a*mous, a. Etym: [Zoö- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining zoögamy.

ZOOGAMY; ZOOEGAMY Zo*ög"a*my, n. (Biol.)

Defn: The sexual reproduction of animals.

ZOOGENIC; ZOOEGENIC Zo`ö*gen"ic, a. Etym: [Zoö- + -gen + -ic: cf. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to zoögeny, animal production.

ZOOGENY; ZOOEGENY; ZOOGONY; ZOOEGONY Zo*ög"e*ny, Zo*ög"o*ny, n. Etym: [Zoö- + root of Gr.

Defn: The doctrine of the formation of living beings.

ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL; ZOOEGEOGRAPHICAL Zo`ö*ge`o*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to zoögraphy.

ZOOGEOGRAPHY; ZOOEGEOGRAPHY Zo`ö*ge*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Zoö- + geography.]

Defn: The study or description of the geographical distribution of animals.

ZOOGLOEA; ZOOEGLOEA Zo`ö*gloe"a, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A colony or mass of bacteria imbedded in a viscous gelatinous substance. The zoögloea is characteristic of a transitory stage through which rapidly multiplying bacteria pass in the course of their evolution. Also used adjectively.

ZOOGRAPHER; ZOOEGRAPHER Zo*ög"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One who describes animals, their forms and habits.

ZOOGRAPHIC; ZOOEGRAPHIC; ZOOGRAPHICAL; ZOOEGRAPHICAL Zo`ö*graph"ic, Zo`ö*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. zoographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the description of animals.

ZOOGRAPHIST; ZOOEGRAPHIST Zo*ög"ra*phist, n.

Defn: A zoögrapher.

ZOOGRAPHY; ZOOEGRAPHY Zo*ög"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Zoö- + -graphy: cf. F. zoographie.]

Defn: A description of animals, their forms and habits.

ZOOID Zo"oid, a. Etym: [Zoö- + -oid.] (Biol.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, an animal.

ZOOID Zo"oid, n.

1. (Biol.)

Defn: An organic body or cell having locomotion, as a spermatic cell or spermatozooid.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) An animal in one of its inferior stages of development, as one of the intermediate forms in alternate generation. (b) One of the individual animals in a composite group, as of Anthozoa, Hydroidea, and Bryozoa; -- sometimes restricted to those individuals in which the mouth and digestive organs are not developed.

ZOOIDAL Zo*oid"al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a zooid; as, a zooidal form.

ZOOLATRY; ZOOELATRY Zo*öl"a*try, n. Etym: [Zoö- + Gr.

Defn: The worship of animals.

ZOOLOGER; ZOOELOGER Zo*öl"o*ger, n.

Defn: A zoölogist. Boyle.

ZOOLOGICAL; ZOOELOGICAL Zo`ö*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. zoologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to zoölogy, or the science of animals.

ZOOLOGICALLY; ZOOELOGICALLY Zo`ö*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a zoölogical manner; according to the principles of zoölogy.

ZOOLOGIST; ZOOELOGIST Zo*öl"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. zoologiste.]

Defn: One who is well versed in zoölogy.

ZOOLOGIZE Zo*öl"o*gize, v. i.

Defn: To study zoölogy; esp., to collect animals for study.

ZOOLOGY; ZOOELOGY Zo*öl"o*gy, n.; pl. Zoölogies. Etym: [Zoö- + -logy: cf. F. zoologie. See Zodiac.]

1. That part of biology which relates to the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct.

2. A treatise on this science.

ZOOMELANIN; ZOOEMELANIN Zo`ö*mel"a*nin, n. Etym: [Zoö- + melanin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A pigment giving the black color to the feathers of many birds.

ZOOMORPHIC; ZOOEMORPHIC Zo`ö*mor"phic, a. Etym: [Zoö- + Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to zoömorphism.

ZOOMORPHISM; ZOOEMORPHISM Zo`ö*mor"phism, n.

1. The transformation of men into beasts. [R.] Smart.

2. The quality of representing or using animal forms; as, zoömorphism in ornament.

3. The representation of God, or of gods, in the form, or with the attributes, of the lower animals. To avoid the error of anthropomorphism, we fall into the vastly greater, and more absurd, error of zoömorphism. Mivart.

ZOON; ZOOEN Zo"ön, n.; pl. Zoa. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.) (a) An animal which is the sole product of a single egg; -- opposed to zooid. H. Spencer. (b) Any one of the perfectly developed individuals of a compound animal.

ZOONIC; ZOOENIC Zo*ön"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. zoonique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to animals; obtained from animal substances.

ZOONITE; ZOOENITE Zo"ö*nite, n. (Zoöl.) (a) One of the segments of the body of an articulate animal. (b) One of the theoretic transverse divisions of any segmented animal.

ZOONOMY; ZOOENOMY Zo*ön"o*my, n. Etym: [Zoö- + Gr. zoonomie.]

Defn: The laws animal life, or the science which treats of the phenomena of animal life, their causes and relations.

ZOONULE; ZOOENULE Zo"ö*nule, n. Etym: [Dim. fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Zoönite.

ZOOPATHOLOGY; ZOOEPATHOLOGY Zo`ö*pa*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Zoö- + pathology.]

Defn: Animal pathology.

ZOOPHAGA; ZOOEPHAGA Zo*öph"a*ga, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An artificial group comprising various carnivorous and insectivorous animals.

ZOOPHAGAN; ZOOEPHAGAN Zo*öph"a*gan, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A animal that feeds on animal food.

ZOOPHAGOUS; ZOOEPHAGOUS Zo*öph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Feeding on animals.

Note: This is a more general term than either sarcophagous or carnivorous.

ZOOPHILIST; ZOOEPHILIST Zo*öph"i*list, n. Etym: [Zoö- + Gr.

Defn: A lover of animals. Southey.

ZOOPHILY; ZOOEPHILY Zo*öph"i*ly, n.

Defn: Love of animals.

ZOOPHITE; ZOOEPHITE Zo"ö*phite, n.

Defn: A zoöphyte. [R.]

ZOOPHORIC; ZOOEPHORIC Zo`ö*phor"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. zoophorique.]

Defn: Bearing or supporting the figure of an animal; as, a zoöphoric column.

ZOOPHOROUS; ZOOEPHOROUS Zo*öph"o*rous, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Zoöphoric.] (Anc. Arch.)

Defn: The part between the architrave and cornice; the frieze; -- so called from the figures of animals carved upon it.

ZOOPHYTA; ZOOEPHYTA Zo*öph"y*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive artificial and heterogeneous group of animals, formerly adopted by many zoölogists. It included the coelenterates, echinoderms, sponges, Bryozoa, Protozoa, etc.

Note: Sometimes the name is restricted to the Coelentera, or to the Anthozoa.

ZOOPHYTE; ZOOEPHYTE Zo"ö*phyte, n. Etym: [F. zoophyte, Gr. Zodiac, and Be, v. i.] (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of numerous species of invertebrate animals which more or less resemble plants in appearance, or mode of growth, as the corals, gorgonians, sea anemones, hydroids, bryozoans, sponges, etc., especially any of those that form compound colonies having a branched or treelike form, as many corals and hydroids. (b) Any one of the Zoöphyta.

ZOOPHYTIC; ZOOEPHYTIC; ZOOPHYTICAL; ZOOEPHYTICAL Zo`ö*phyt"ic, Zo`ö*phyt"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. zoophytique.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to zoöphytes.

ZOOPHYTOID; ZOOEPHYTOID Zo*öph"y*toid, a. Etym: [Zoöphyte + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a zoöphyte.

ZOOPHYTOLOGICAL; ZOOEPHYTOLOGICAL Zo`ö*phyt`o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. zoophytologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to zoöphytology; as, zoöphytological observations.

ZOOPHYTOLOGY; ZOOEPHYTOLOGY Zo*öph`y*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Zoöphyte + -logy: cf. F. zoophytologie.]

Defn: The natural history zoöphytes.

ZOOPRAXISCOPE; ZOOEPRAXISCOPE Zo`ö*prax"i*scope, n. Etym: [Zoö- + Gr. -scope.]

Defn: An instrument similar to, or the same as, the, the phenakistoscope, by means of which pictures projected upon a screen are made to exhibit the natural movements of animals, and the like.

ZOOPSYCHOLOGY; ZOOEPSYCHOLOGY Zo`ö*psy*chol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Zoö- + psychology.]

Defn: Animal psychology.

ZOOSPERM; ZOOESPERM Zo"ö*sperm, n. Etym: [Zoö- + sperm.] (Biol.)

Defn: One of the spermatic particles; spermatozoid.

ZOOSPORANGIUM; ZOOESPORANGIUM Zo`ö*spo*ran"gi*um, n.; pl. -sporangia. Etym: [NL. See Zoö-, and Sporangium.] (Bot.)

Defn: A spore, or conceptacle containing zoöspores.

ZOOSPORE; ZOOESPORE Zo"ö*spore, n. Etym: [Zoö- + spore.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A spore provided with one or more slender cilia, by the vibration of which it swims in the water. Zoöspores are produced by many green, and by some olive-brown, algæ. In certain species they are divided into the larger macrozoöspores and the smaller microzoöspores. Called also sporozoid, and swarmspore.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Swarmspore.

ZOOSPORIC; ZOOESPORIC Zo`ö*spor"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to zoöspores; of the nature of zoöspores.

ZOOTIC; ZOOETIC Zo*öt"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Containing the remains of organized bodies; -- said of rock or soil.

ZOOTOMICAL; ZOOETOMICAL Zo`ö*tom"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. zootomique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to zoötomy.

ZOOTOMIST; ZOOETOMIST Zo*öt"o*mist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. zootomiste.]

Defn: One who dissects animals, or is skilled in zoötomy.

ZOOTOMY; ZOOETOMY Zo*öt"o*my, n. Etym: [Zoö- + Gr. zootomie.]

Defn: The dissection or the anatomy of animals; -- distinguished from androtomy.

ZOOTROPHIC; ZOOETROPHIC Zo`ö*troph"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Zoö-, and Trophic.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the nourishment of animals.

ZOOZOO Zoo"zoo`, n. Etym: [Of imitative origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wood pigeon. [Prov. Eng.]

ZOPE Zope, n. Etym: [G.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European fresh-water bream (Abramis ballerus).

ZOPILOTE Zo"pi*lote, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The urubu, or American black vulture.

ZORIL Zor"il, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Zorilla.

ZORILLA Zo*ril"la, n. Etym: [Sp. zorilla, zorillo, dim. of zorra, zorro, a fox: cf. F. zorille.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Either one of two species of small African carnivores of the genus Ictonyx allied to the weasels and skunks. [Written also zoril, and zorille.]

Note: The best-known species (Ictonyx zorilla) has black shiny fur with white bands and spots. It has anal glands which produce a very offensive secretion, similar to that of the skunk. It feeds upon birds and their eggs and upon small mammals, and is often very destructive to poultry. It is sometimes tamed by the natives, and kept to destroy rats and mice. Called also mariput, Cape polecat, and African polecat. The name is sometimes erroneously applied to the American skunk.

ZOROASTRIAN Zo`ro*as"tri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Zoroaster, or his religious system.

ZOROASTRIAN Zo`ro*as"tri*an, n.

Defn: A follower of Zoroaster; one who accepts Zoroastrianism.

ZOROASTRIANISM Zo`ro*as"tri*an*ism, n.

Defn: The religious system of Zoroaster, the legislator and prophet of the ancient Persians, which was the national faith of Persia; mazdeism. The system presupposes a good spirit (Ormuzd) and an opposing evil spirit (Ahriman). Cf. Fire worship, under Fire, and Parsee.

ZOROASTRISM Zo`ro*as"trism, n.

Defn: Same as Zoroastrianism. Tylor.

ZOSTER Zos"ter, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Zone.] (Med.)

Defn: Shingles.

ZOSTERA Zos"te*ra, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants of the Naiadaceæ, or Pondweed family. Zostera marina is commonly known as sea wrack, and eelgrass.

ZOSTEROPS Zos"ter*ops, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of birds that comprises the white-eyes. See White-eye.

ZOUAVE Zouave, n. Etym: [F., fr. Ar. Zouaoua a tribe of Kabyles living among the Jurjura mountains in Algeria.] (Mil.) (a) One of an active and hardy body of soldiers in the French service, originally Arabs, but now composed of Frenchmen who wear the Arab dress. (b) Hence, one of a body of soldiers who adopt the dress and drill of the Zouaves, as was done by a number of volunteer regiments in the army of the United States in the Civil War, 1861-65.

ZOUNDS Zounds, interj. Etym: [Contracted from God's wounds.]

Defn: An exclamation formerly used as an oath, and an expression of anger or wonder.

ZOUTCH Zoutch, v. t. (Cookery)

Defn: To stew, as flounders, eels, etc., with just enough or liquid to cover them. Smart.

ZUBR Zubr, n. Etym: [Polish .] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The aurochs.

ZUCHE Zuche, n.

Defn: A stump of a tree. Cowell.

ZUCHETTO Zu*chet"to, n. Etym: [It. zucchetto.] (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A skullcap covering the tonsure, worn under the berretta. The pope's is white; a cardinal's red; a bishop's purple; a priest's black.

ZUFOLO Zu"fo*lo, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: A little flute or flageolet, especially that which is used to teach birds. [Written also zuffolo.]

ZUIAN Zu"ñi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pert. to the Zuñis, or designating their linguistic stock. --n.

Defn: A Zuñi.

ZUISIN Zui"sin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American widgeon. [Local, U. S.]

ZULU Zu"lu, n. [Also Zooloo.]

1. Any member of the tribe of Zulus; a Zulu-Kaffir. See Zulus.

2. (Philol.) One of the most important members of the South African, or Bantu, family of languages, spoken partly in Natal and partly in Zululand, but understood, and more or less in use, over a wide territory, at least as far north as the Zambezi; -- called also Zulu- Kaffir.

ZULU-KAFFIR Zu"lu-Kaf"fir, n.

Defn: A member of the Bantu race comprising the Zulus and the Kaffirs.

ZULUS Zu"lus, n. pl.; sing. Zulu (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: The most important tribe belonging to the Kaffir race. They inhabit a region on the southeast coast of Africa, but formerly occupied a much more extensive country. They are noted for their warlike disposition, courage, and military skill.

ZUMBOORUK Zum*boo"ruk, n. Etym: [Turk. & Ar. zamb, fr. Ar. zamb a hornet.] (Mil.)

Defn: A small cannon supported by a swiveled rest on the back of a camel, whence it is fired, -- used in the East.

ZUMIC; ZUMOLOGICAL; ZUMOLOGY; ZUMOMETER Zu"mic, a., Zu`mo*log"ic*al, a., Zu*mol"o*gy, n., Zu*mom"e*ter, n., etc.

Defn: See Zymic, Zymological, etc.

ZUNIS Zu"nis, n. pl.; sing. Zuni (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Pueblo Indians occupying a village in New Mexico, on the Zuni River.

ZUNYITE Zun"yite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A fluosilicate of alumina occurring in tetrahedral crystals at the Zuñi mine in Colorado.

ZWANZIGER Zwan"zi*ger, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: Am Austrian silver coin equivalent to 20 kreutzers, or about 10 cents.

ZWIEBACK Zwie"back`, n. [G., fr. zwie-two, twice (see Twice) + backen to bake.]

Defn: A kind of biscuit or rusk first baked in a loaf and afterwards cut and toasted.

ZWINGLIAN Zwing"li*an, a. (Theol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Ulric Zwingli (1481-1531), the reformer of German Switzerland, who maintained that in the Lord's Supper the true body of Christ is present by the contemplation of faith but not in essence or reality, and that the sacrament is a memorial without mystical elements. -- n.

Defn: A follower of Zwingli.

ZYGANTRUM Zy*gan"trum, n.; pl. Zygantra. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: See under Zygosphene.

ZYGAPOPHYSIS Zyg`a*poph"y*sis, n.; pl. Zygapophyses. Etym: [Gr. apophysis.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the articular processes of a vertebra, of which there are usually four, two anterior and two posterior. See under Vertebra. -- Zyg`ap*o*phys"i*al, a.

ZYGENID Zyg"e*nid, n. Etym: [Cf. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of moths of the family Zygænidæ, most of which are bright colored. The wood nymph and the vine forester are examples. Also used adjectively.

ZYGOBRANCHIA Zyg`o*bran"chi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of marine gastropods in which the gills are developed on both sides of the body and the renal organs are also paired. The abalone (Haliotis) and the keyhole limpet (Fissurella) are examples.

ZYGOBRANCHIATE Zyg`o*bran"chi*ate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Zygobranchia.

ZYGODACTYL; ZYGODACTYLE Zyg`o*dac"tyl, Zyg`o*dac"tyle, n. Etym: [See Zygodactylic.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any zygodactylous bird.

ZYGODACTYLAE Zyg`o*dac"ty*læ, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The zygodactylous birds. In a restricted sense applied to a division of birds which includes the barbets, toucans, honey guides, and other related birds.

ZYGODACTYLI Zyg`o*dac"ty*li, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Scansores.

ZYGODACTYLIC; ZYGODACTYLOUS Zyg`o*dac"ty*lic, Zyg`o*dac"tyl*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. zygodactyle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Yoke-footed; having the toes disposed in pairs; -- applied to birds which have two toes before and two behind, as the parrot, cuckoo, woodpecker, etc.

ZYGOMA Zy*go"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) (a) The jugal, malar, or cheek bone. (b) The zygomatic process of the temporal bone. (c) The whole zygomatic arch.

ZYGOMATIC Zyg`o*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. zygomatique.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the zygoma. Zygomatic arch, the arch of bone beneath the orbit, formed in most mammals by the union of the malar, or jugal, with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone. In the lower vertebrates other bones may help to form it, and there may be two arches on each side of the skull, as in some reptiles. -- Zygomatic process, a process of the temporal or squamosal bone helping to form the zygomatic arch.

ZYGOMORPHIC; ZYGOMORPHOUS Zyg`o*mor"phic, Zyg`o*mor"phous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Symmetrical bilaterally; -- said of organisms, or parts of organisms, capable of division into two symmetrical halves only in a single plane.

ZYGOPHYTE Zy"go*phyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of a proposed class or grand division (Zygophytes, Zygophyta, or Zygosporeæ), in which reproduction consists in the union of two similar cells. Cf. Oöphyte.

ZYGOSIS Zy*go"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Conjugation.

ZYGOSPERM Zyg"o*sperm, n. Etym: [Gr. sperm.] (Bot.)

Defn: A spore formed by the union of the contents of two similar cells, either of the same or of distinct individual plants. Zygosperms are found in certain orders of algæ and fungi.

ZYGOSPHENE Zyg"o*sphene, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A median process on the front part of the neural arch of the vertebræ of most snakes and some lizards, which fits into a fossa, called the zygantrum, on the back part of the arch in front.

ZYGOSPORE Zyg"o*spore, n. Etym: [Gr. spore.] (Bot.) (a) Same as Zygosperm. (b) A spore formed by the union of several zoöspores; -- called also zygozoöspore.

ZYLONITE Zy"lon*ite, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Celluloid.

ZYMASE Zym"ase, n. Etym: [From Zyme.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A soluble ferment, or enzyme. See Enzyme.

ZYME Zyme, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. A ferment.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The morbific principle of a zymotic disease. Quain.

ZYMIC Zym"ic, a. (Old Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or produced by, fermentation; -- formerly, by confusion, used to designate lactic acid.

ZYMOGEN Zym"o*gen, n. Etym: [Zyme + -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A mother substance, or antecedent, of an enzyme or chemical ferment; -- applied to such substances as, not being themselves actual ferments, may by internal changes give rise to a ferment. The pancreas contains but little ready-made ferment, though there is present in it a body, zymogen, which gives birth to the ferment. Foster.

ZYMOGENE Zym"o*gene, n. Etym: [Zyme + root of Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: One of a physiological group of globular bacteria which produces fermentations of diverse nature; -- distinguished from pathogene.

ZYMOGENIC Zym`o*gen"ic, a. (Biol.) (a) Pertaining to, or formed by, a zymogene. (b) Capable of producing a definite zymogen or ferment. Zymogenic organism (Biol.), a microörganism, such as the yeast plant of the Bacterium lactis, which sets up certain fermentative processes by which definite chemical products are formed; -- distinguished from a pathogenic organism. Cf. Micrococcus.

ZYMOLOGIC; ZYMOLOGICAL Zy`mo*log"ic, Zy`mo*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. zymologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to zymology.

ZYMOLOGIST Zy*mol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who is skilled in zymology, or in the fermentation of liquors.

ZYMOLOGY Zy*mol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Zyme + -logy: cf. F. zymologie.]

Defn: A treatise on the fermentation of liquors, or the doctrine of fermentation. [Written also zumology.]

ZYMOLYSIS Zy*mol"y*sis, n. [NL. See Zyme, and Lysis.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The action of enzymes; also, the changes produced by such action. --Zy`mo*lyt"ic (#), a.

ZYMOME Zy"mome, n. Etym: [Gr. (Old Chem.)

Defn: A glutinous substance, insoluble in alcohol, resembling legumin; -- now called vegetable fibrin, vegetable albumin, or gluten casein.

ZYMOMETER; ZYMOSIMETER Zy*mom"e*ter, Zy`mo*sim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. zymosimètre.]

Defn: An instrument for ascertaining the degree of fermentation occasioned by the mixture of different liquids, and the degree of heat which they acquire in fermentation.

ZYMOPHYTE Zym"o*phyte, n. Etym: [Zyme + Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A bacteroid ferment.

ZYMOSE Zy*mose", n. (Chem.)

Defn: Invertin.

ZYMOSIS Zy*mo"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) (a) A fermentation; hence, an analogous process by which an infectious disease is believed to be developed. (b) A zymotic disease. [R.]

ZYMOTIC Zy*mot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Of, pertaining to, or caused by, fermentation.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Designating, or pertaining to, a certain class of diseases. See Zymotic disease, below. Zymotic disease (Med.), any epidemic, endemic, contagious, or sporadic affection which is produced by some morbific principle or organism acting on the system like a ferment.

ZYTHEM Zy"them, n.

Defn: See Zythum.

ZYTHEPSARY Zy*thep"sa*ry, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A brewery. [R.]

ZYTHUM Zy"thumn. Etym: [L.fr. Gr.

Defn: A kind of ancient malt beverage; a liquor made from malt and wheat. [Written also zythem.]

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