Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (part 26 of 60)
Defn: Any natural projection or excrescence from an animal, resembling or thought to resemble a horn in substance or form; esp.: (a) A projection from the beak of a bird, as in the hornbill. (b) A tuft of feathers on the head of a bird, as in the horned owl. (c) A hornlike projection from the head or thorax of an insect, or the head of a reptile, or fish. (d) A sharp spine in front of the fins of a fish, as in the horned pout.
4. (Bot.)
Defn: An incurved, tapering and pointed appendage found in the flowers of the milkweed (Asclepias).
5. Something made of a horn, or in resemblance of a horn; as: (a) A wind instrument of music; originally, one made of a horn (of an ox or a ram); now applied to various elaborately wrought instruments of brass or other metal, resembling a horn in shape. "Wind his horn under the castle wall." Spenser. See French horn, under French. (b) A drinking cup, or beaker, as having been originally made of the horns of cattle. "Horns of mead and ale." Mason. (c) The cornucopia, or horn of plenty. See Cornucopia. "Fruits and flowers from Amalthæa's horn." Milton. (d) A vessel made of a horn; esp., one designed for containing powder; anciently, a small vessel for carrying liquids. "Samuel took the hornof oil and anointed him [David]." 1 Sam. xvi. 13. (e) The pointed beak of an anvil. (f) The high pommel of a saddle; also, either of the projections on a lady's saddle for supporting the leg. (g) (Arch.) The Ionic volute. (h) (Naut.) The outer end of a crosstree; also, one of the projections forming the jaws of a gaff, boom, etc. (i) (Carp.) A curved projection on the fore part of a plane. (j) One of the projections at the four corners of the Jewish altar of burnt offering. "Joab . . . caught hold on the horns of the altar." 1 Kings ii. 28.
6. One of the curved ends of a crescent; esp., an extremity or cusp of the moon when crescent-shaped. The moon Wears a wan circle round her blunted horns. Thomson.
7. (Mil.)
Defn: The curving extremity of the wing of an army or of a squadron drawn up in a crescentlike form. Sharpening in mooned horns Their phalanx. Milton.
8. The tough, fibrous material of which true horns are composed, being, in the Ox family, chiefly albuminous, with some phosphate of lime; also, any similar substance, as that which forms the hoof crust of horses, sheep, and cattle; as, a spoon of horn.
9. (Script.)
Defn: A symbol of strength, power, glory, exaltation, or pride. The Lord is . . . the horn of my salvation. Ps. xviii. 2.
10. An emblem of a cuckold; -- used chiefly in the plural. "Thicker than a cuckold's horn." Shak. Horn block, the frame or pedestal in which a railway car axle box slides up and down; -- also called horn plate. -- Horn of a dilemma. See under Dilemma. -- Horn distemper, a disease of cattle, affecting the internal substance of the horn. -- Horn drum, a wheel with long curved scoops, for raising water. -- Horn lead (Chem.), chloride of lead. -- Horn maker, a maker of cuckolds. [Obs.] Shak. -- Horn mercury. (Min.) Same as Horn quicksilver (below). -- Horn poppy (Bot.), a plant allied to the poppy (Glaucium luteum), found on the sandy shores of Great Britain and Virginia; -- called also horned poppy. Gray. -- Horn pox (Med.), abortive smallpox with an eruption like that of chicken pox. -- Horn quicksilver (Min.), native calomel, or bichloride of mercury. -- Horn shell (Zoöl.), any long, sharp, spiral, gastropod shell, of the genus Cerithium, and allied genera. -- Horn silver (Min.), cerargyrite. -- Horn slate, a gray, siliceous stone. -- To haul in one's horns, to withdraw some arrogant pretension. [Colloq.] -- To raise, or lift, the horn (Script.), to exalt one's self; to act arrogantly. "'Gainst them that raised thee dost thou lift thy horn" Milton. -- To take a horn, to take a drink of intoxicating liquor. [Low]
HORN Horn, v. t.
1. To furnish with horns; to give the shape of a horn to.
2. To cause to wear horns; to cuckold. [Obs.] Shak.
HORNBEAK Horn"beak`, n.
Defn: A fish. See Hornfish.
HORNBEAM Horn"beam`, n. Etym: [See Beam.] (Bot.)
Defn: A tree of the genus Carpinus (C. Americana), having a smooth gray bark and a ridged trunk, the wood being white and very hard. It is common along the banks of streams in the United States, and is also called ironwood. The English hornbeam is C. Betulus. The American is called also blue beech and water beech. Hop hornbeam. (Bot.) See under Hop.
HORNBILL Horn"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any bird of the family Bucerotidæ, of which about sixty species are known, belonging to numerous genera. They inhabit the tropical parts of Asia, Africa, and the East Indies, and are remarkable for having a more or less horn-like protuberance, which is usually large and hollow and is situated on the upper side of the beak. The size of the hornbill varies from that of a pigeon to that of a raven, or even larger. They feed chiefly upon fruit, but some species eat dead animals.
HORNBLENDE Horn"blende`, n. Etym: [G., fr. horn horn + blende blende.] (Min.)
Defn: The common black, or dark green or brown, variety of amphibole. (See Amphibole.) It belongs to the aluminous division of the species, and is also characterized by its containing considerable iron. Also used as a general term to include the whole species. Hornblende schist (Geol.), a hornblende rock of schistose structure.
HORNBLENDIC Horn*blend"ic, a.
Defn: Composed largely of hornblende; resembling or relating to hornblende.
HORNBLOWER Horn"blow`er, n. Etym: [AS. hornblawere.]
Defn: One who, or that which, blows a horn.
HORNBOOK Horn"book`, n.
1. The first book for children, or that from which in former times they learned their letters and rudiments; -- so called because a sheet of horn covered the small, thin board of oak, or the slip of paper, on which the alphabet, digits, and often the Lord's Prayer, were written or printed; a primer. "He teaches boys the hornbook." Shak.
2. A book containing the rudiments of any science or branch of knowledge; a manual; a handbook.
HORNBUG Horn"bug`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A large nocturnal beetle of the genus Lucanus (as L. capreolus, and L. dama), having long, curved upper jaws, resembling a sickle. The grubs are found in the trunks of old trees.
HORNED Horned, a.
Defn: Furnished with a horn or horns; furnished with a hornlike process or appendage; as, horned cattle; having some part shaped like a horn. The horned moon with one bright star Within the nether tip. Coleridge. Horned bee (Zoöl.), a British wild bee (Osmia bicornis), having two little horns on the head. -- Horned dace (Zoöl.), an American cyprinoid fish (Semotilus corporialis) common in brooks and ponds; the common chub. See Illust. of Chub. -- Horned frog (Zoöl.), a very large Brazilian frog (Ceratophrys cornuta), having a pair of triangular horns arising from the eyelids. -- Horned grebe (Zoöl.), a species of grebe (Colymbus auritus), of Arctic Europe and America, having two dense tufts of feathers on the head. -- Horned horse (Zoöl.), the gnu. -- Horned lark (Zoöl.), the shore lark. -- Horned lizard (Zoöl.), the horned toad. -- Horned owl (Zoöl.), a large North American owl (Bubo Virginianus), having a pair of elongated tufts of feathers on the head. Several distinct varieties are known; as, the Arctic, Western, dusky, and striped horned owls, differing in color, and inhabiting different regions; -- called also great horned owl, horn owl, eagle owl, and cat owl. Sometimes also applied to the long-eared owl. See Eared owl, under Eared. -- Horned poppy. (Bot.) See Horn poppy, under Horn. -- Horned pout (Zoöl.), an American fresh-water siluroid fish; the bullpout. -- Horned rattler (Zoöl.), a species of rattlesnake (Crotalus cerastes), inhabiting the dry, sandy plains, from California to Mexico. It has a pair of triangular horns between the eyes; -- called also sidewinder. -- Horned ray (Zoöl.), the sea devil. -- Horned screamer (Zoöl.), the kamichi. -- Horned snake (Zoöl.), the cerastes. -- Horned toad (Zoöl.), any lizard of the genus Phrynosoma, of which nine or ten species are known. These lizards have several hornlike spines on the head, and a broad, flat body, covered with spiny scales. They inhabit the dry, sandy plains from California to Mexico and Texas. Called also horned lizard. -- Horned viper. (Zoöl.) See Cerastes.
HORNEDNESS Horn"ed*ness, n.
Defn: The condition of being horned.
HORNEL Horn"el, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The European sand eel. [Scot.]
HORNER Horn"er, n.
1. One who works or deal in horn or horns. [R.] Grew.
2. One who winds or blows the horn. [Obs.] Sherwood.
3. One who horns or cuckolds. [Obs.] Massinger.
4. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The British sand lance or sand eel (Ammodytes lanceolatus).
HORNET Hor"net, n. Etym: [AS. hyrnet; akin to OHG. hornaz, hornuz, G. horniss; perh. akin to E. horn, and named from the sound it makes as if blowing the horn; but more prob. akin to D. horzel, Lith. szirszone, L. crabo.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A large, strong wasp. The European species (Vespa crabro) is of a dark brown and yellow color. It is very pugnacious, and its sting is very severe. Its nest is constructed of a paperlike material, and the layers of comb are hung together by columns. The American white- faced hornet (V. maculata) is larger and has similar habits. Hornet fly (Zoöl.), any dipterous insect of the genus Asilus, and allied genera, of which there are numerous species. They are large and fierce flies which capture bees and other insects, often larger than themselves, and suck their blood. Called also hawk fly, robber fly. -- To stir up a hornet's nest, to provoke the attack of a swarm of spiteful enemies or spirited critics. [Colloq.]
HORNFISH Horn"fish`, n. Etym: [AS. hornfisc.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The garfish or sea needle.
HORNFOOT Horn"foot`, a.
Defn: Having hoofs; hoofed.
HORNIFY Horn"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [Horn + -fy.]
Defn: To horn; to cuckold. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
HORNING Horn"ing, n.
Defn: Appearance of the moon when increasing, or in the form of a crescent. J. Gregory. Letters of horning (Scots Law), the process or authority by which a person, directed by the decree of a court of justice to pay or perform anything, is ordered to comply therewith. Mozley & W.
HORNISH Horn"ish, a.
Defn: Somewhat like horn; hard.
HORNITO Hor*ni"to, n. Etym: [A dim. fr. Sp. horno oven, L. furnus. See Furnace.] (Geol.)
Defn: A low, oven-shaped mound, common in volcanic regions, and emitting smoke and vapors from its sides and summit. Humboldt.
HORNLESS Horn"less, a.
Defn: Having no horn.
HORN-MAD Horn"-mad`, a.
Defn: Quite mad; -- raving crazy. Did I tell you about Mr. Garrick, that the town are horn-mad after Gray.
HORNOTINE Hor"no*tine, n. Etym: [L. hornotinus of this year.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A yearling; a bird of the year.
HORNOWL Horn"owl`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Horned Owl.
HORNPIKE Horn"pike`, n.
Defn: The garfish. [Prov. Eng.]
HORNPIPE Horn"pipe`, n. (Mus.) (a) An instrument of music formerly popular in Wales, consisting of a wooden pipe, with holes at intervals. It was so called because the bell at the open end was sometimes made of horn. (b) A lively tune played on a hornpipe, for dancing; a tune adapted for such playing. Many a hornpipe he tuned to his Phyllis. Sir W. Raleigh. (c) A dance performed, usually by one person, to such a tune, and popular among sailors.
HORNPOUT Horn"pout`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Horned pout, under Horned.
HORNSNAKE Horn"snake`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A harmless snake (Farancia abacura), found in the Southern United States. The color is bluish black above, red below.
HORNSTONE Horn"stone`, n. (Min.)
Defn: A siliceous stone, a variety of quartz, closely resembling flint, but more brittle; -- called also chert.
HORNTAIL Horn"tail`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of family (Uroceridæ) of large hyminopterous insects, allied to the sawflies. The larvæ bore in the wood of trees. So called from the long, stout ovipositors of the females.
HORNWORK Horn"work`, n. (Fort.)
Defn: An outwork composed of two demibastions joined by a curtain. It is connected with the works in rear by long wings.
HORNWORT Horn"wort`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: An aquatic plant (Ceratophyllum), with finely divided leaves.
HORNWRACK Horn"wrack`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A bryozoan of the genus Flustra.
HORNY Horn"y, a. [Compar. Hornier; superl. Horniest.]
1. Having horns or hornlike projections. Gay.
2. Composed or made of horn, or of a substance resembling horn; of the nature of horn. "The horny . . . coat of the eye." Ray.
3. Hard; callous. "His horny fist." Dryden.
HORNY-HANDED Horn"y-hand`ed, a.
Defn: Having the hands horny and callous from labor.
HORNYHEAD Horn"y*head`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any North American river chub of the genus Hybopsis, esp. H. biguttatus.
HOROGRAPHY Ho*rog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. horographie.]
1. An account of the hours. Chaucer.
2. The art of constructing instruments for making the hours, as clocks, watches, and dials.
HOROLOGE Hor"o*loge, n. Etym: [OE. horologe, orloge, timepiece, OF. horloge, orloge, oriloge, F. horloge, L. horologium, fr. Gr. Hour, and Logic.]
1. A servant who called out the hours. [Obs.]
2. An instrument indicating the time of day; a timepiece of any kind; a watch, clock, or dial. Shak.
HOROLOGER Ho*rol"o*ger, n.
Defn: A maker or vender of clocks and watches; one skilled in horology.
HOROLOGICAL Hor`o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. horologicus, Gr.
Defn: Relating to a horologe, or to horology.
HOROLOGIOGRAPHER Hor`o*lo`gi*og"ra*pher, n. Etym: [See Horologiography.]
Defn: A maker of clocks, watches, or dials.
HOROLOGIOGRAPHIC Hor`o*lo`gi*o*graph"ic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to horologiography. Chambers.
HOROLOGIOGRAPHY Hor`o*lo`gi*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]
1. An account of instruments that show the hour.
2. The art of constructing clocks or dials; horography.
HOROLOGIST Ho*rol"o*gist, n.
Defn: One versed in horology.
HOROLOGY Ho*rol"o*gy, n. Etym: [See Horologe.]
Defn: The science of measuring time, or the principles and art of constructing instruments for measuring and indicating portions of time, as clocks, watches, dials, etc.
HOROMETER Ho*rom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]
Defn: An instrument for measuring time.
HOROMETRICAL Hor`o*met"ric*al, a.
Defn: Belonging to horometry.
HOROMETRY Ho*rom"e*try, n. Etym: [Cf. F. horométrie. See Horometer.]
Defn: The art, practice, or method of measuring time by hours and subordinate divisions. "The horometry of antiquity." Sir T. Browne.
HOROPTER Ho*rop"ter, n. Etym: [Gr. (Opt.)
Defn: The line or surface in which are situated all the points which are seen single while the point of sight, or the adjustment of the eyes, remains unchanged. The sum of all the points which are seen single, while the point of sight remains unchanged, is called the horopter. J. Le Conte.
HOROPTERIC Hor`op*ter"ic, a. (Opt.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the horopter.
HOROSCOPE Hor"o*scope, n. Etym: [F. horoscope, L. horoscopus, fr. Gr. n., a horoscope; Hour, and -scope.]
1. (Astrol.) (a) The representation made of the aspect of the heavens at the moment of a person's birth, by which the astrologer professed to foretell the events of the person's life; especially, the sign of the zodiac rising above the horizon at such a moment. (b) The diagram or scheme of twelve houses or signs of the zodiac, into which the whole circuit of the heavens was divided for the purposes of such prediction of fortune.
2. The planisphere invented by Jean Paduanus.
3. A table showing the length of the days and nights at all places. Heyse.
HOROSCOPER; HOROSCOPIST Hor"o*sco`per, Ho*ros"co*pist, n.
Defn: One versed in horoscopy; an astrologer.
HOROSCOPY Ho*ros"co*py, n.
1. The art or practice of casting horoscopes, or observing the disposition of the stars, with a view to prediction events.
2. Aspect of the stars at the time of a person's birth.
HORRENDOUS Hor*ren"dous, a. Etym: [L. horrendus.]
Defn: Fearful; frightful. [Obs.] I. Watts.
HORRENT Hor"rent, a. Etym: [L. horrens, p.pr. of horrere to bristle. See Horror.]
Defn: Standing erect, as bristles; covered with bristling points; bristled; bristling. Rough and horrent with figures in strong relief. De Quincey. With bright emblazonry and horrent arms. Milton.
HORRIBLE Hor"ri*ble, a. Etym: [OE. horrible, orrible, OF. horrible, orrible, F. horrible, fr. L. horribilis, fr. horrere. See Horror.]
Defn: Exciting, or tending to excite, horror or fear; dreadful; terrible; shocking; hideous; as, a horrible sight; a horrible story; a horrible murder. A dungeon horrible on all sides round. Milton.
Syn. -- Dreadful; frightful; fearful; terrible; awful; terrific; shocking; hideous; horrid.
HORRIBLENESS Hor"ri*ble*ness, n.
Defn: The state or quality of being horrible; dreadfulness; hideousness. The horribleness of the mischief. Sir P. Sidney.
HORRIBLY Hor"ri*bly, adv.
Defn: In a manner to excite horror; dreadfully; terribly.
HORRID Hor"rid, a. Etym: [L. horridus. See Horror, and cf. Ordure.]
1. Rough; rugged; bristling. [Archaic] Horrid with fern, and intricate with thorn. Dryden.
2. Fitted to excite horror; dreadful; hideous; shocking; hence, very offensive. Not in the legions Of horrid hell. Shak. The horrid things they say. Pope.
Syn. -- Frightful; hideous; alarming; shocking; dreadful; awful; terrific; horrible; abominable.
HORRIDLY Hor"rid*ly, adv.
Defn: In a horrid manner. Shak.
HORRIDNESS Hor"rid*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being horrid.
HORRIFIC Hor*rif"ic, a. Etym: [L. horrifieus; horrere to be horrible + -ficare (in comp.) to make: cf. F. horrifique. See Horror, -fy.]
Defn: Causing horror; frightful. Let . . . nothing ghastly or horrific be supposed. I. Taylor.
HORRIFICATION Hor`ri*fi*ca"tion, n.
Defn: That which causes horror. [R.] Miss Edgeworth.
HORRIFY Hor"ri*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Horrified; p. pr. & vb. n. Horrifying.] Etym: [L. horrificare. See Horrific.]
Defn: To cause to feel horror; to strike or impress with horror; as, the sight horrified the beholders. E. Irving.
HORRIPILATION Hor*rip`i*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. horripilatio, fr. horripilare to bristle; horrere to bristle + pilus the hair: cf. F. horripilation.] (Med.)
Defn: A real or fancied bristling of the hair of the head or body, resulting from disease, terror, chilliness, etc.
HORRISONANT Hor*ris"o*nant, a.
Defn: Horrisonous. [Obs.]
HORRISONOUS Hor*ris"o*nous, a. Etym: [L. horrisonus; horrere to be horrible + sonus a sound.]
Defn: Sounding dreadfully; uttering a terrible sound. [Obs.] Bailey.
HORROR Hor"ror, n. Etym: [Formerly written horrour.] Etym: [L. horror, fr. horrere to bristle, to shiver, to tremble with cold or dread, to be dreadful or terrible; cf. Skr. h to bristle.]
1. A bristling up; a rising into roughness; tumultuous movement. [Archaic] Such fresh horror as you see driven through the wrinkled waves. Chapman.
2. A shaking, shivering, or shuddering, as in the cold fit which precedes a fever; in old medical writings, a chill of less severity than a rigor, and more marked than an algor.
3. A painful emotion of fear, dread, and abhorrence; a shuddering with terror and detestation; the feeling inspired by something frightful and shocking. How could this, in the sight of heaven, without horrors of conscience be uttered Milton.
4. That which excites horror or dread, or is horrible; gloom; dreariness. Breathes a browner horror on the woods. Pope. The horrors, delirium tremens. [Colloq.]
HORROR-STICKEN Hor"ror-stick`en, a.
Defn: Struck with horror; horrified. Blank and horror-stricken faces. C. Kingsley.
HORROR-STRUCK Hor"ror-struck`, a.
Defn: Horror-stricken; horrified. M. Arnold.
HORS DE COMBAT Hors` de com`bat". Etym: [F.]
Defn: Out of the combat; disabled from fighting.
HORS D'OEUVRE Hors` d'ouvre"; pl. Hors d'ouveres (#). [F., lit., outside of work.]
1. Something unusual or extraordinary. [R.]
2. A dish served as a relish, usually at the beginning of a meal.
HORSE Horse, n. Etym: [AS. hors; akin to OS. hros, D. & OHG. ros, G. ross, Icel. hross; and perh. to L. currere to run, E. course, current Cf. Walrus.]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A hoofed quadruped of the genus Equus; especially, the domestic horse (E. caballus), which was domesticated in Egypt and Asia at a very early period. It has six broad molars, on each side of each jaw, with six incisors, and two canine teeth, both above and below. The mares usually have the canine teeth rudimentary or wanting. The horse differs from the true asses, in having a long, flowing mane, and the tail bushy to the base. Unlike the asses it has callosities, or chestnuts, on all its legs. The horse excels in strength, speed, docility, courage, and nobleness of character, and is used for drawing, carrying, bearing a rider, and like purposes.
Note: Many varieties, differing in form, size, color, gait, speed, etc., are known, but all are believed to have been derived from the same original species. It is supposed to have been a native of the plains of Central Asia, but the wild species from which it was derived is not certainly known. The feral horses of America are domestic horses that have run wild; and it is probably true that most of those of Asia have a similar origin. Some of the true wild Asiatic horses do, however, approach the domestic horse in several characteristics. Several species of fossil (Equus) are known from the later Tertiary formations of Europe and America. The fossil species of other genera of the family Equidæ are also often called horses, in general sense.
2. The male of the genus horse, in distinction from the female or male; usually, a castrated male.
3. Mounted soldiery; cavalry; -- used without the plural termination; as, a regiment of horse; -- distinguished from foot. The armies were appointed, consisting of twenty-five thousand horse and foot. Bacon.
4. A frame with legs, used to support something; as, a clotheshorse, a sawhorse, etc.
5. A frame of timber, shaped like a horse, on which soldiers were made to ride for punishment.
6. Anything, actual or figurative, on which one rides as on a horse; a hobby.
7. (Mining)
Defn: A mass of earthy matter, or rock of the same character as the wall rock, occurring in the course of a vein, as of coal or ore; hence, to take horse -- said of a vein -- is to divide into branches for a distance.
8. (Naut.) (a) See Footrope, a. (b) A breastband for a leadsman. (c) An iron bar for a sheet traveler to slide upon. (d) A jackstay. W. C. Russell. Totten.
Note: Horse is much used adjectively and in composition to signify of, or having to do with, a horse or horses, like a horse, etc.; as, horse collar, horse dealer or horsehorsehoe, horse jockey; and hence, often in the sense of strong, loud, coarse, etc.; as, horselaugh, horse nettle or horse-nettle, horseplay, horse ant, etc. Black horse, Blood horse, etc. See under Black, etc. -- Horse aloes, caballine aloes. -- Horse ant (Zoöl.), a large ant (Formica rufa); -- called also horse emmet. -- Horse artillery, that portion of the artillery in which the cannoneers are mounted, and which usually serves with the cavalry; flying artillery. -- Horse balm (Bot.), a strong-scented labiate plant (Collinsonia Canadensis), having large leaves and yellowish flowers. -- Horse bean (Bot.), a variety of the English or Windsor bean (Faba vulgaris), grown for feeding horses. -- Horse boat, a boat for conveying horses and cattle, or a boat propelled by horses. -- Horse bot. (Zoöl.) See Botfly, and Bots. -- Horse box, a railroad car for transporting valuable horses, as hunters. [Eng.] -- Horse breaker or trainer, one employed in subduing or training horses for use. -- Horse car. (a) A railroad car drawn by horses. See under Car. (b) A car fitted for transporting horses. -- Horse cassia (Bot.), a leguminous plant (Cassia Javanica), bearing long pods, which contain a black, catharic pulp, much used in the East Indies as a horse medicine. -- Horse cloth, a cloth to cover a horse. -- Horse conch (Zoöl.), a large, spiral, marine shell of the genus Triton. See Triton. -- Horse courser. (a) One that runs horses, or keeps horses for racing. Johnson. (b) A dealer in horses. [Obs.] Wiseman. -- Horse crab (Zoöl.), the Limulus; -- called also horsefoot, horsehoe crab, and king crab. -- Horse crevallé (Zoöl.), the cavally. -- Horse emmet (Zoöl.), the horse ant. -- Horse finch (Zoöl.), the chaffinch. [Prov. Eng.] -- Horse gentian (Bot.), fever root. -- Horse iron (Naut.), a large calking iron. -- Horse latitudes, a space in the North Atlantic famous for calms and baffling winds, being between the westerly winds of higher latitudes and the trade winds. Ham. Nav. Encyc. -- Horse mackrel. (Zoöl.) (a) The common tunny (Orcynus thunnus), found on the Atlantic coast of Europe and America, and in the Mediterranean. (b) The bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix). (c) The scad. (d) The name is locally applied to various other fishes, as the California hake, the black candlefish, the jurel, the bluefish, etc. -- Horse marine (Naut.), an awkward, lubbery person; one of a mythical body of marine cavalry. [Slang] -- Horse mussel (Zoöl.), a large, marine mussel (Modiola modiolus), found on the northern shores of Europe and America. -- Horse nettle (Bot.), a coarse, prickly, American herb, the Solanum Carolinense. -- Horse parsley. (Bot.) See Alexanders. -- Horse purslain (Bot.), a coarse fleshy weed of tropical America (Trianthema monogymnum). -- Horse race, a race by horses; a match of horses in running or trotting. -- Horse racing, the practice of racing with horses. -- Horse railroad, a railroad on which the cars are drawn by horses; -- in England, and sometimes in the United States, called a tramway. -- Horse run (Civil Engin.), a device for drawing loaded wheelbarrows up an inclined plane by horse power. -- Horse sense, strong common sense. [Colloq. U.S.] -- Horse soldier, a cavalryman. -- Horse sponge (Zoöl.), a large, coarse, commercial sponge (Spongia equina). -- Horse stinger (Zoöl.), a large dragon fly. [Prov. Eng.] -- Horse sugar (Bot.), a shrub of the southern part of the United States (Symplocos tinctoria), whose leaves are sweet, and good for fodder. -- Horse tick (Zoöl.), a winged, dipterous insect (Hippobosca equina), which troubles horses by biting them, and sucking their blood; -- called also horsefly, horse louse, and forest fly. -- Horse vetch (Bot.), a plant of the genus Hippocrepis (H. comosa), cultivated for the beauty of its flowers; -- called also horsehoe vetch, from the peculiar shape of its pods. -- Iron horse, a locomotive. [Colloq.] -- Salt horse, the sailor's name for salt beef. -- To look a gift horse in the mouth, to examine the mouth of a horse which has been received as a gift, in order to ascertain his age; -- hence, to accept favors in a critical and thankless spirit. Lowell. -- To take horse. (a) To set out on horseback. Macaulay. (b) To be covered, as a mare. (c) See definition 7 (above).
HORSE Horse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Horsed; p. pr. & vb. n. Horsing.] Etym: [AS. horsion.]
1. To provide with a horse, or with horses; to mount on, or as on, a horse. "Being better horsed, outrode me." Shak.
2. To sit astride of; to bestride. Shak.
3. To cover, as a mare; -- said of the male.
4. To take or carry on the back; as, the keeper, horsing a deer. S. Butler.
5. To place on the back of another, or on a wooden horse, etc., to be flogged; to subject to such punishment.
HORSE Horse, v. i.
Defn: To get on horseback. [Obs.] Shelton.
HORSEBACK Horse"back`, n.
1. The back of a horse.
2. An extended ridge of sand, gravel, and bowlders, in a half- stratified condition. Agassiz. On horseback, on the back of a horse; mounted or riding on a horse or horses; in the saddle. The long journey was to be performed on horseback. Prescott.
HORSE-CHESTNUT Horse`-chest"nut, n. (Bot.) (a) The large nutlike seed of a species of Æsculus (Æ. Hippocastanum), formerly ground, and fed to horses, whence the name. (b) The tree itself, which was brought from Constantinople in the beginning of the sixteenth century, and is now common in the temperate zones of both hemispheres. The native American species are called buckeyes.
HORSE-DRENCH Horse"-drench`, n.
1. A dose of physic for a horse. Shak.
2. The appliance by which the dose is administred.
HORSEFISH Horse"fish`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The moonfish (Selene setipinnis). (b) The sauger.
HORSEFLESH Horse"flesh`, n.
1. The flesh of horses. The Chinese eat horseflesh at this day. Bacon.
2. Horses, generally; the qualities of a horse; as, he is a judge of horseflesh. [Colloq.] Horseflesh ore (Min.), a miner's name for bornite, in allusion to its peculiar reddish color on fresh facture.
HORSEFLY Horse"fly`, n.; pl. Horseflies (.
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any dipterous fly of the family Tabanidæ, that stings horses, and sucks their blood.
Note: Of these flies there are numerous species, both in Europe and America. They have a large proboscis with four sharp lancets for piercing the skin. Called also breeze fly. See Illust. under Diptera, and Breeze fly.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The horse tick or forest fly (Hippobosca).
HORSEFOOT Horse"foot`, n.; pl. Horsefeet.
1. (Bot.)
Defn: The coltsfoot.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The Limulus or horseshoe crab.
HORSE GUARDS Horse" Guards`. (Mil.)
Defn: A body of cavalry so called; esp., a British regiment, called the Royal Horse Guards, which furnishes guards of state for the sovereign. The Horse Guards, a name given to the former headquarters of the commander in chief of the British army, at Whitehall in London.
HORSEHAIR Horse"hair`, n.
Defn: A hair of a horse, especially one from the mane or tail; the hairs of the mane or tail taken collectively; a fabric or tuft made of such hairs. Horsehair worm (Zoöl.), the hair worm or gordius.
HORSEHEAD Horse"head`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The silver moonfish (Selene vomer).
HORSEHIDE Horse"hide`, n.
1. The hide of a horse.
2. Leather made of the hide of a horse.
HORSE-JOCKEY Horse"-jock`ey, n.
1. A professional rider and trainer of race horses.
2. A trainer and dealer in horses.
HORSEKNOP Horse"knop`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: Knapweed.
HORSELAUGH Horse"laugh`, n.
Defn: A loud, boisterous laugh; a guffaw. Pope.
HORSE-LEECH Horse"-leech`, n.
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A large blood-sucking leech (Hæmopsis vorax), of Europe and Northern Africa. It attacks the lips and mouths of horses.
2. A farrier; a veterinary surgeon.
HORSE-LEECHERY Horse"-leech`er*y, n.
Defn: The business of a farrier; especially, the art of curing the diseases of horses.
HORSELESS Horse"less, a.
Defn: Being without a horse; specif., not requiring a horse; -- said of certain vehicles in which horse power has been replaced by electricity, steam, etc.; as, a horseless carriage or truck.
HORSE-LITTER Horse"-lit`ter, n.
Defn: A carriage hung on poles, and borne by and between two horses. Milton.
HORSEMAN Horse"man, n.; pl. Horsemen (.
1. A rider on horseback; one skilled in the management of horses; a mounted man.
2. (Mil.)
Defn: A mounted soldier; a cavalryman.
3. (Zoöl.) (a) A land crab of the genus Ocypoda, living on the coast of Brazil and the West Indies, noted for running very swiftly. (b) A West Indian fish of the genus Eques, as the light-horseman (E. lanceolatus).
HORSEMANSHIP Horse"man*ship, n.
Defn: The act or art of riding, and of training and managing horses; manege.
HORSEMINT Horse"mint`, n. (Bot.) (a) A coarse American plant of the Mint family (Monarda punctata). (b) In England, the wild mint (Mentha sylvestris).
HORSENAIL Horse"nail`, n.
Defn: A thin, pointed nail, with a heavy flaring head, for securing a horsehoe to the hoof; a horsehoe nail.
HORSEPLAY Horse"play`, n.
Defn: Rude, boisterous play. Too much given to horseplay in his raillery. Dryden.
HORSEPOND Horse"pond`, n.
Defn: A pond for watering horses.
HORSE POWER Horse" pow`er
Defn: .
1. The power which a horse exerts.
2. (Mach.)
Defn: A unit of power, used in stating the power required to drive machinery, and in estimating the capabilities of animals or steam engines and other prime movers for doing work. It is the power required for the performance of work at the rate of 33,000 English units of work per minute; hence, it is the power that must be exerted in lifting 33,000 pounds at the rate of one foot per minute, or 550 pounds at the rate of one foot per second, or 55 pounds at the rate of ten feet per second, etc.
Note: The power of a draught horse, of average strength, working eight hours per day, is about four fifths of a standard horse power. Brake horse power, the net effective power of a prime mover, as a steam engine, water wheel, etc., in horse powers, as shown by a friction brake. See Friction brake, under Friction. -- Indicated horse power, the power exerted in the cylinder of an engine, stated in horse powers, estimated from the diameter and speed of the piston, and the mean effective pressure upon it as shown by an indicator. See Indicator. -- Nominal horse power (Steam Engine), a term still sometimes used in England to express certain proportions of cylinder, but having no value as a standard of measurement.
3. A machine worked by a horse, for driving other machinery; a horse motor.
HORSE-RADISH Horse"-rad`ish, n. (Bot.)
Defn: A plant of the genus Nasturtium (N. Armoracia), allied to scurvy grass, having a root of a pungent taste, much used, when grated, as a condiment and in medicine. Gray. Horse-radish tree. (Bot.) See Moringa.
HORSERAKE Horse"rake`, n.
Defn: A rake drawn by a horse.
HORSESHOE Horse"shoe`, n.
1. A shoe for horses, consisting of a narrow plate of iron in form somewhat like the letter U, nailed to a horse's hoof.
2. Anything shaped like a horsehoe crab.
3. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The Limulus of horsehoe crab. Horsehoe head (Med.), an old name for the condition of the skull in children, in which the sutures are too open, the coronal suture presenting the form of a horsehoe. Dunglison. -- Horsehoe magnet, an artificial magnet in the form of a horsehoe. -- Horsehoe nail. See Horsenail. -- Horsehoe nose (Zoöl.), a bat of the genus Rhinolophus, having a nasal fold of skin shaped like a horsehoe.
HORSESHOEING Horse"shoe`ing, n.
Defn: The act or employment of shoeing horses.
HORSESHOER Horse"sho`er, n.
Defn: One who shoes horses.
HORSETAIL Horse"tail`, n.
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A leafless plant, with hollow and rushlike stems. It is of the genus Equisetum, and is allied to the ferns. See Illust. of Equisetum.
2. A Turkish standard, denoting rank.
Note: Commanders are distinguished by the number of horsetails carried before them. Thus, the sultan has seven, the grand vizier five, and the pashas three, two, or one. Shrubby horsetail. (Bot.) See Joint-fir.
HORSEWEED Horse"weed`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: A composite plant (Erigeron Canadensis), which is a common weed.
HORSEWHIP Horse"whip`, n.
Defn: A whip for horses.
HORSEWHIP Horse"whip`, v. t.
Defn: To flog or chastise with a horsewhip.
HORSEWOMAN Horse"wom`an, n.; pl. Horsewomen (.
Defn: A woman who rides on horseback.
HORSEWOOD Horse"wood`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: A West Indian tree (Calliandra latifolia) with showy, crimson blossoms.
HORSEWORM Horse"worm`, n.
Defn: The larva of a botfly.
HORSINESS Hors"i*ness, n.
1. The condition or quality of being a horse; that which pertains to a horse. Tennyson.
2. Fondness for, or interest in, horses.
HORSLY Hors"ly, a.
Defn: Horselike. [Obs.] Chaucer.
HORSY Hors"y, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or suggestive of, a horse, or of horse racing; as, horsy manners; garments of fantastically horsy fashions. [Colloq.]
HORTATION Hor*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. hortatio, fr. hortari to incite, exhort, fr. hori to urge.]
Defn: The act of exhorting, inciting, or giving advice; exhortation. [R.]
HORTATIVE Hor"ta*tive, a. Etym: [L. hortativus.]
Defn: Giving exhortation; advisory; exhortative. Bullokar.
HORTATIVE Hor"ta*tive, n.
Defn: An exhortation. [Obs.]
HORTATORY Hor"ta*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. hortatorius.]
Defn: Giving exhortation or advise; encouraging; exhortatory; inciting; as, a hortatory speech. Holland.
HORTENSIAL Hor*ten"sial, a. Etym: [L. hortensius, hortensis, fr. hortus garden; akin to E. yard an inclosure.]
Defn: Fit for a garden. [Obs.] Evelyn.
HORTICULTOR Hor"ti*cul`tor, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. hortus garden + cultor a cultivator, colere to cultivate.]
Defn: One who cultivates a garden.
HORTICULTURAL Hor`ti*cul"tur*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. horticultural.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to horticulture, or the culture of gardens or orchards.
HORTICULTURE Hor"ti*cul`ture, n. Etym: [L. hortus garden + cultura culture: cf. F. horticulture. See Yard an inclosure, and Culture.]
Defn: The cultivation of a garden or orchard; the art of cultivating gardens or orchards.
HORTICULTURIST Hor`ti*cul"tur*ist, n.
Defn: One who practices horticulture.
HORTULAN Hor"tu*lan, a. Etym: [L. hortulanus; hortus garden.]
Defn: Belonging to a garden. [Obs.] Evelyn.
HORTUS SICCUS Hor"tus sic"cus. Etym: [L., a dry garden.]
Defn: A collection of specimens of plants, dried and preserved, and arranged systematically; an herbarium.
HORTYARD Hort"yard, n.
Defn: An orchard. [Obs.]
HOSANNA Ho*san"na, n.; pl. Hosannas. Etym: [Gr. hoshi'ah nnasave now, save, we pray, hoshia' to save (Hiphil, a causative form, of yasha') + na, a particle.]
Defn: A Hebrew exclamation of praise to the Lord, or an invocation of blessings. "Hosanna to the Highest." Milton. Hosanna to the Son of David. Matt. xxi. 9.
HOSE Hose, n.; pl. Hose, formerly Hosen. Etym: [AS. hose; akin to D. hoos, G. hose breeches, OHG. hosa, Icel. hosa stocking, gather, Dan. hose stocking; cf. Russ. koshulia a fur jacket.]
1. Close-fitting trousers or breeches, as formerly worn, reaching to the knee. These men were bound in their coats, their hosen, and their hats, and their other garments. Dan. iii. 21. His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide For his shrunk shank. Shak.
2. Covering for the feet and lower part of the legs; a stocking or stockings.
3. A flexible pipe, made of leather, India rubber, or other material, and used for conveying fluids, especially water, from a faucet, hydrant, or fire engine. Hose carriage, cart, or truck, a wheeled vehicle fitted for conveying hose for extinguishing fires. -- Hose company, a company of men appointed to bring and manage hose in the extinguishing of fires. [U.S.] -- Hose coupling, coupling with interlocking parts for uniting hose, end to end. -- Hose wrench, a spanner for turning hose couplings, to unite or disconnect them.
HOSEN Ho"sen, n. pl.
Defn: See Hose. [Archaic]
HOSIER Ho"sier, n.
Defn: One who deals in hose or stocking, or in goods knit or woven like hose.
HOSIERY Ho"sier*y, n.
1. The business of a hosier.
2. Stockings, in general; goods knit or woven like hose.
HOSPICE Hos"pice, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. hospitium hospitality, a place where strangers are entertained, fr. hospes stranger, guest. See Host a landlord.]
Defn: A convent or monastery which is also a place of refuge or entertainment for travelers on some difficult road or pass, as in the Alps; as, the Hospice of the Great St. Bernard.
HOSPITABLE Hos"pi*ta*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. hospitable, LL. hospitare to receive as a guest. See Host a landlord.]
1. Receiving and entertaining strangers or guests with kindness and without reward; kind to strangers and guests; characterized by hospitality. Shak.
2. Proceeding from or indicating kindness and generosity to guests and strangers; as, hospitable rites. To where you taper cheers the vale With hospitable ray. Goldsmith.
HOSPITABLENESS Hos"pi*ta*ble*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being hospitable; hospitality. Barrow.
HOSPITABLY Hos"pi*ta*bly, adv.
Defn: In a hospitable manner.
HOSPITAGE Hos"pi*tage, n. Etym: [LL. hospitagium, for L. hospitium. See Hospice.]
Defn: Hospitality. [Obs.] Spenser.
HOSPITAL Hos"pi*tal, n. Etym: [OF. hospital, ospital, F. hôpital, LL. hospitale (or perh. E. hospital is directly from the Late Latin), from L. hospitalis relating to a guest, hospitalia apartments for guests, fr. hospes guest. See Host a landlord, and cf. Hostel, Hotel, Spital.]
1. A place for shelter or entertainment; an inn. [Obs.] Spenser.
2. A building in which the sick, injured, or infirm are received and treated; a public or private institution founded for reception and cure, or for the refuge, of persons diseased in body or mind, or disabled, infirm, or dependent, and in which they are treated either at their own expense, or more often by charity in whole or in part; a tent, building, or other place where the sick or wounded of an army cared for. Hospital ship, a vessel fitted up for a floating hospital. -- Hospital Sunday, a Sunday set apart for simultaneous contribution in churches to hospitals; as, the London Hospital Sunday.
HOSPITAL Hos"pi*tal, a. Etym: [L. hospitalis: cf. OF. hospital.]
Defn: Hospitable. [Obs.] Howell.
HOSPITALER Hos"pi*tal*er, n. [Written also hospitaller.] Etym: [F. hospitalier. See Hospital, and cf. Hostler.]
1. One residing in a hospital, for the purpose of receiving the poor, the sick, and strangers.
2. One of an order of knights who built a hospital at Jerusalem for pilgrims, A. D. 1042. They were called Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, and after the removal of the order to Malta, Knights of Malta.
HOSPITALISM Hos"pi*tal*ism, n. (Med.)
Defn: A vitiated condition of the body, due to long confinement in a hospital, or the morbid condition of the atmosphere of a hospital.
HOSPITALITY Hos`pi*tal"i*ty, n.; pl. Hospitalities. Etym: [L. hospitalitas: cf. F. hospitalité.]
Defn: The act or practice of one who is hospitable; reception and entertainment of strangers or guests without reward, or with kind and generous liberality. Given to hospitality. Rom. xii. 13. And little recks to find the way to heaven By doing deeds of hospitality. Shak.
HOSPITALIZE Hos"pi*tal*ize, v. t. (Med.)
Defn: To render (a building) unfit for habitation, by long continued use as a hospital.
HOSPITATE Hos"pi*tate, v. i. Etym: [L. hospitatus, p.p. of hospitari to be a guest, fr. hospes guest.]
Defn: To receive hospitality; to be a guest. [Obs.] Grew.
HOSPITATE Hos"pi*tate, v. t.
Defn: To receive with hospitality; to lodge as a guest. [Obs.] Cockeram.
HOSPITIUM Hos*pi"ti*um, n. Etym: [L. See Hospice.]
1. An inn; a lodging; a hospice. [Obs.]
2. (Law)
Defn: An inn of court.
HOSPODAR Hos"po*dar`, n. Etym: [A Slav. word; cf. Russ. gospodare lord, master.]
Defn: A title borne by the princes or governors of Moldavia and Wallachia before those countries were united as Roumania.
HOST Host, n. Etym: [LL. hostia sacrifice, victim, from hostire to strike.] (R. C. Ch.)
Defn: The consecrated wafer, believed to be the body of Christ, which in the Mass is offered as a sacrifice; also, the bread before consecration.
Note: In the Latin Vulgate the word was applied to the Savior as being an offering for the sins of men.
HOST Host, n. Etym: [OE. host, ost, OF. host, ost, fr. L. hostis enemy, LL., army. See Guest, and cf. Host a landlord.]
1. An army; a number of men gathered for war. A host so great as covered all the field. Dryden.
2. Any great number or multitude; a throng. And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God. Luke ii. 13. All at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils. Wordsworth.
HOST Host, n. Etym: [OE. host, ost, OF. hoste, oste, F. hôte, from L. hospes a stranger who is treated as a guest, he who treats another as his guest, a hostl prob. fr. hostis stranger, enemy (akin to E. guest a visitor) + potis able; akin to Skr. pati master, lord. See Host an army, Possible, and cf. Hospitable, Hotel.]
Defn: One who receives or entertains another, whether gratuitosly or for compensation; one from whom another receives food, lodging, or entertainment; a landlord. Chaucer. "Fair host and Earl." Tennyson. Time is like a fashionable host, That slightly shakes his parting guest by the hand. Shak.
HOST Host, v. t.
Defn: To give entertainment to. [Obs.] Spenser.
HOST Host, v. i.
Defn: To lodge at an inn; to take up entertainment. [Obs.] "Where you shall host." Shak.
HOSTAGE Hos"tage, n. Etym: [OE. hostage, OF. hostage, ostage, F. ôtage, LL. hostaticus, ostaticum, for hospitaticum, fr. L. hospes guest, host. The first meaning is, the state of a guest, hospitality; hence, the state of a hostage (treated as a guest); and both these meanings occur in Old French. See Host a landlord.]
Defn: A person given as a pledge or security for the performance of the conditions of a treaty or stipulations of any kind, on the performance of which the person is to be released. Your hostages I have, so have you mine; And we shall talk before we fight. Shak. He that hath a wife and children hath given hostages to fortune. Bacon.
HOSTEL Hos"tel, n. Etym: [OE. hostel, ostel, OF. hostel, ostel, LL. hospitale, hospitalis, fr. L. hospitalis. See Hospital, and cf. Hotel.]
1. An inn. [Archaic] Poe. So pass I hostel, hall, and grange. Tennyson.
2. A small, unendowed college in Oxford or Cambridge. [Obs.] Holinshed.
HOSTELER Hos"tel*er, n. Etym: [See Hostel, and cf. Hostler.]
1. The keeper of a hostel or inn.
2. A student in a hostel, or small unendowed collede in Oxford or Cambridge. [Obs.] Fuller.
HOSTELRY Hos"tel*ry, n. Etym: [OE. hostelrie, hostelrye, ostelrie, OF. hostelerie, fr. hostel. See Hostel.]
Defn: An inn; a lodging house. [Archaic] Chaucer. "Homely brought up in a rude hostelry." B. Jonson. Come with me to the hostelry. Longfellow.
HOSTESS Host"ess, n. Etym: [OE. hostesse, ostesse. See Host a landlord.]
1. A female host; a woman who hospitably entertains guests at her house. Shak.
2. A woman who entertains guests for compensation; a female innkeeper. Shak.
HOSTESS-SHIP Host"ess-ship, n.
Defn: The character, personality, or office of a hostess. Shak.
HOSTIE Hos"tie, n. Etym: [F. See 1st Host.]
Defn: The consecrated wafer; the host. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.
HOSTILE Hos"tile, a. Etym: [L. hostilis, from hostis enemy: cf. F. hostile. See Host an army.]
Defn: Belonging or appropriate to an enemy; showing the disposition of an enemy; showing ill will and malevolence, or a desire to thwart and injure; occupied by an enemy or enemies; inimical; unfriendly; as, a hostile force; hostile intentions; a hostile country; hostile to a sudden change.
Syn. -- Warlike; inimical; unfriendly; antagonistic; opposed; adverse; opposite; contrary; repugnant.
HOSTILE Hos"tile, n.
Defn: An enemy; esp., an American Indian in arms against the whites; -- commonly in the plural. [Colloq.] P. H. Sheridan.
HOSTILELY Hos"tile*ly, adv.
Defn: In a hostile manner.
HOSTILITY Hos*til"i*ty, n.; pl. Hostilities. Etym: [L. hostilitas: cf. F. hostilité.]
1. State of being hostile; public or private enemy; unfriendliness; animosity. Hostility being thus suspended with France. Hayward.
2. An act of an open enemy; a hostile deed; especially in the plural, acts of warfare; attacks of an enemy. We have showed ourselves generous adversaries . . . and have carried on even our hostilities with humanity. Atterbury. He who proceeds to wanton hostility, often provokes an enemy where he might have a friend. Crabb.
Syn. -- Animosity; enmity; opposition; violence; aggression; contention; warfare.
HOSTILIZE Hos"til*ize, v. t.
Defn: To make hostile; to cause to become an enemy. [Obs.] A. Seward.
HOSTING Host"ing, n. Etym: [From Host an army.] [Obs.]
1. An encounter; a battle. "Fierce hosting." Milton.
2. A muster or review. Spenser.
HOSTLER Hos"tler, n. Etym: [OE. hosteler, osteler, innkeeper, OF. hostelier, F. hôtelier. See Hostel, and cf. Hospitaler, Hosteler.]
1. An innkeeper. [Obs.] See Hosteler.
2. The person who has the care of horses at an inn or stable; hence, any one who takes care of horses; a groom; -- so called because the innkeeper formerly attended to this duty in person.
3. (Railroad)
Defn: The person who takes charge of a locomotive when it is left by the engineer after a trip.
HOSTLESS Host"less, a.
Defn: Inhospitable. [Obs.] "A hostless house." Spenser.
HOST PLANT Host plant. (Agric.)
Defn: A plant which aids, shelters, or protects another plant in its growth, as those which are used for nurse crops.
HOSTRY Host"ry, n. Etym: [OE. hosterie, osterie, OF. hosterie. See Host a landlord.]
1. A hostelry; an inn or lodging house. [Obs.] Marlowe.
2. A stable for horses. [Obs.] Johnson.
HOT Hot, imp. & p. p.
Defn: of Hote. [Obs.] Spenser.
HOT Hot, a. [Compar. Hotter; superl. Hottest.] Etym: [OE. hot, hat, AS. hat; akin to OS. het, D. heet, OHG. heiz, G. heiss, Icel. heitr, Sw. het, Dan. heed, hed; cf. Goth. heito fever, hais torch. Cf. Heat.]
1. Having much sensible heat; exciting the feeling of warmth in a great degree; very warm; -- opposed to cold, and exceeding warm in degree; as, a hot stove; hot water or air. "A hotvenison pasty." Shak.
2. Characterized by heat, ardor, or animation; easily excited; firely; vehement; passionate; violent; eager. Achilles is impatient, hot, and revengeful. Dryden. There was mouthing in hot haste. Byron.
3. Lustful; lewd; lecherous. Shak.
4. Acrid; biting; pungent; as, hot as mustard. Hot bed (Iron Manuf.), an iron platform in a rolling mill, on which hot bars, rails, etc., are laid to cool. -- Hot wall (Gardening), a wall provided with flues for the conducting of heat, to hasten the growth of fruit trees or the ripening of fruit. -- Hot well (Condensing Engines), a receptacle for the hot water drawn from the condenser by the air pump. This water is returned to the boiler, being drawn from the hot well by the feed pump. -- In hot water (Fig.), in trouble; in difficulties. [Colloq.]
Syn. -- Burning; fiery; fervid; glowing; eager; animated; brisk; vehement; precipitate; violent; furious; ardent; fervent; impetuous; irascible; passionate; hasty; excitable.
HOTBED Hot"bed`, n.
1. (Gardening)
Defn: A bed of earth heated by fermenting manure or other substances, and covered with glass, intended for raising early plants, or for nourishing exotics.
2. A place which favors rapid growth or development; as, a hotbed of sedition.
HOT BLAST Hot" blast`.
Defn: See under Blast.
HOT-BLOODED Hot"-blood`ed, a.
Defn: Having hot blood; excitable; high-spirited; irritable; ardent; passionate.
HOT-BRAINED Hot"-brained`, a.
Defn: Ardent in temper; violent; rash; impetuous; as, hot-brained youth. Dryden.
HOT BULB; HOT POT Hot bulb, Hot pot. (Internal-combustion Engines)
Defn: See Semi-diesel, below.
HOTCHKISS GUN Hotch"kiss gun [After Benjamin B. Hotchkiss (1826-85), American inventor.]
Defn: A built-up, rifled, rapid-fire gun of oil-tempered steel, having a rectangular breechblock which moves horizontally or vertically in a mortise cut completely through the jacket. It is made in France.
HOTCHPOT; HOTCHPOTCH Hotch"pot`, Hotch"potch`, n. Etym: [F. hochepot, fr. hocher to shake + pot pot; both of Dutch or German origin; cf. OD. hutspot hotchpotch, D. hotsen, hutsen, to shake. See Hustle, and Pot, and cf. Hodgepodge.]
1. A mingled mass; a confused mixture; a stew of various ingredients; a hodgepodge. A mixture or hotchpotch of many tastes. Bacon.
2. (Law)
Defn: A blending of property for equality of division, as when lands given in frank-marriage to one daughter were, after the death of the ancestor, blended with the lands descending to her and to her sisters from the same ancestor, and then divided in equal portions among all the daughters. In modern usage, a mixing together, or throwing into a common mass or stock, of the estate left by a person deceased and the amounts advanced to any particular child or children, for the purpose of a more equal division, or of equalizing the shares of all the children; the property advanced being accounted for at its value when given. Bouvier. Tomlins.
Note: This term has been applied in cases of salvage. Story. It corresponds in a measure with collation in the civil and Scotch law. See Collation. Bouvier. Tomlins.
HOTCOCKLES Hot"coc`kles, n. Etym: [Hot + cockle, cockle being perh. corrupt. fr. knuckle. Cf. F. main chaude (lit., hot hand) hotcockles.]
Defn: A childish play, in which one covers his eyes, and guesses who strikes him or his hand placed behind him.
HOTE Hote, v. t. & i. [pres. & imp. Hatte, Hot (, etc.; p. p. Hote, Hoten (, Hot, etc. See Hight, Hete.]
1. To command; to enjoin. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
2. To promise. [Obs.] Chaucer.
3. To be called; to be named. [Obs.] There as I was wont to hote Arcite, Now hight I Philostrate, not worth a mite. Chaucer.
HOTEL Ho*tel", n. Etym: [F. hôtel, OF. hostel. See Hostel.]
1. A house for entertaining strangers or travelers; an inn or public house, of the better class.
2. In France, the mansion or town residence of a person of rank or wealth.
HOTEL-DE-VILLE Hôtel`-de-ville", n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: A city hall or townhouse.
HOTEL-DIEU Hôtel`-Dieu", n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: A hospital.
HOTEN Hot"en, p. p.
Defn: of Hote.
HOTFOOT Hot"foot`, adv.
Defn: In haste; foothot. [Colloq.]
HOT-HEAD Hot"-head`, n.
Defn: A violent, passionate person; a hasty or impetuous person; as, the rant of a hot-head.
HOT-HEADED Hot"-head`ed, a.
Defn: Fiery; violent; rash; hasty; impetuous; vehement. Macaulay.
HOTHOUSE Hot"house`, n.
1. A house kept warm to shelter tender plants and shrubs from the cold air; a place in which the plants of warmer climates may be reared, and fruits ripened.
2. A bagnio, or bathing house. [Obs.] Shak.
3. A brothel; a bagnio. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
4. (Pottery)
Defn: A heated room for drying green ware.
HOT-LIVERED Hot"-liv`ered, a.
Defn: Of an excitable or irritable temperament; irascible. Milton.
HOTLY Hot"ly, adv. Etym: [From Hot, a.]
1. In a hot or fiery manner; ardently; vehemently; violently; hastily; as, a hotly pursued.
2. In a lustful manner; lustfully. Dryden.
HOT-MOUTHED Hot"-mouthed`, a.
Defn: Headstrong. That hot-mouthed beast that bears against the curb. Dryden.
HOTNESS Hot"ness, n.
1. The quality or state of being hot.
2. Heat or excitement of mind or manner; violence; vehemence; impetuousity; ardor; fury. M. Arnold.
HOTPRESS Hot"press`, v. t.
Defn: To apply to, in conjunction with mechanical pressure, for the purpose of giving a smooth and glosay surface, or to express oil, etc.; as, to hotpress paper, linen, etc.
HOTPRESSED Hot"pressed`, a.
Defn: Pressed while heat is applied. See Hotpress, v. t.
HOT-SHORT Hot"-short`, a. (Metal.)
Defn: More or less brittle when heated; as, hot-short iron.
HOT-SPIRITED Hot"-spir`it*ed, a.
Defn: Having a fierly spirit; hot-headed.
HOTSPUR Hot"spur`, n. Etym: [Hot + spur.]
Defn: A rash, hot-headed man. Holinshed.
HOTSPUR; HOTSPURRED Hot"spur`, Hot"spurred`, a.
Defn: Violent; impetuous; headstrong. Spenser. Peacham.
HOTTENTOT Hot"ten*tot, n. Etym: [D. Hottentot; -- so called from hot and tot, two syllables of frequent occurrence in their language. Wedgwood.]
1. (Ethnol.)
Defn: One of a degraded and savage race of South Africa, with yellowish brown complexion, high cheek bones, and wooly hair growing in tufts.
2. The language of the Hottentots, which is remarkable for its clicking sounds. Hottentot cherry (Bot.), a South African plant of the genus Cassine (C. maurocenia), having handsome foliage, with generally inconspicuous white or green flowers. Loudon. -- Hottentot's bread. (Bot.) See Elephant's foot (a), under Elephant.
HOTTENTOTISM Hot"ten*tot*ism, n.
Defn: A term employed to describe one of the varieties of stammering. Tylor.
HOUDAH Hou"dah, n.
Defn: See Howdah.
HOUGH Hough, n.
Defn: Same as Hock, a joint.
HOUGH Hough, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Houghed; p. pr. & vb. n. Houghing.]
Defn: Same as Hock, to hamstring.
HOUGH Hough, n. Etym: [Cf. D. hak. Cf. Hack.]
Defn: An adz; a hoe. [Obs.] Bp. Stillingfleet.
HOUGH Hough, v. t.
Defn: To cut with a hoe. [Obs.] Johnson.
HOULET Hou"let, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: An owl. See Howlet.
HOULT Hoult, n.
Defn: A piece of woodland; a small wood. [Obs.] See Holt.
HOUND Hound, n. Etym: [OE. hound, hund, dog, AS. hund; akin to OS. & OFries. hund, D. hond, G. hund, OHG. hunt, Icel. hundr, Dan. & Sw. hund, Goth. hunds, and prob. to Lith. sz, Ir. & Gael. cu, L. canis, Gr. çvan. sq. root229. Cf. Canine, Cynic, Kennel.]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A variety of the domestic dog, usually having large, drooping ears, esp. one which hunts game by scent, as the foxhound, bloodhound, deerhound, but also used for various breeds of fleet hunting dogs, as the greyhound, boarhound, etc. Hounds and greyhounds, mongrels, spaniels, curs. Shak.
2. A despicable person. "Boy! false hound!" Shak.
3. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A houndfish.
4. pl. (Naut.)
Defn: Projections at the masthead, serving as a support for the trestletrees and top to rest on.
5. A side bar used to strengthen portions of the running gear of a vehicle. To follow the hounds, to hunt with hounds.
HOUND Hound, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Hounding.]
1. To set on the chase; to incite to pursuit; as, to hounda dog at a hare; to hound on pursuers. Abp. Bramhall.
2. To hunt or chase with hounds, or as with hounds. L'Estrange.
HOUNDFISH Hound"fish, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any small shark of the genus Galeus or Mustelus, of which there are several species, as the smooth houndfish (G. canis), of Europe and America; -- called also houndshark, and dogfish.
Note: The European nursehound, or small-spotted dogfish, is Scyllium canicula; the rough houndfish, or large-spotted dogfish, is S. catulus. The name has also sometimes been applied to the bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix), and to the silver gar.
HOUNDING Hound"ing, n.
1. The act of one who hounds.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: The part of a mast below the hounds and above the deck.
HOUND'S-TONGUE Hound's"-tongue`, n. Etym: [AS. hundes tunge.] (Bot.)
Defn: A biennial weed (Cynoglossum officinale), with soft tongue- shaped leaves, and an offensive odor. It bears nutlets covered with barbed or hooked prickles. Called also dog's-tongue.
HOUP Houp, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Hoopoe. [Obs.]
HOUR Hour, n. Etym: [OE. hour, our, hore, ure, OF. hore, ore, ure, F. heure, L. hora, fr. Gr. Year, and cf. Horologe, Horoscope.]
1. The twenty-fourth part of a day; sixty minutes.
2. The time of the day, as expressed in hours and minutes, and indicated by a timepiece; as, what is the hour At what hour shall we meet
3. Fixed or appointed time; conjuncture; a particular time or occasion; as, the hour of greatest peril; the man for the hour. Woman, . . . mine hour is not yet come. John ii. 4. This is your hour, and the power of darkness. Luke xxii. 53.
4. pl. (R. C. Ch.)
Defn: Certain prayers to be repeated at stated times of the day, as matins and vespers.
5. A measure of distance traveled. Vilvoorden, three hours from Brussels. J. P. Peters. After hours, after the time appointed for one's regular labor. -- Canonical hours. See under Canonical. -- Hour angle (Astron.), the angle between the hour circle passing through a given body, and the meridian of a place. -- Hour circle. (Astron.) (a) Any circle of the sphere passing through the two poles of the equator; esp., one of the circles drawn on an artificial globe through the poles, and dividing the equator into spaces of 15º, or one hour, each. (b) A circle upon an equatorial telescope lying parallel to the plane of the earth's equator, and graduated in hours and subdivisions of hours of right ascension. (c) A small brass circle attached to the north pole of an artificial globe, and divided into twenty-four parts or hours. It is used to mark differences of time in working problems on the globe. -- Hour hand, the hand or index which shows the hour on a timepiece. -- Hour line. (a) (Astron.) A line indicating the hour. (b) (Dialing) A line on which the shadow falls at a given hour; the intersection of an hour circle which the face of the dial. -- Hour plate, the plate of a timepiece on which the hours are marked; the dial. Locke. -- Sidereal hour, the twenty-fourth part of a sidereal day. -- Solar hour, the twenty-fourth part of a solar day. -- The small hours, the early hours of the morning, as one o'clock, two o'clock, etc. -- To keep good hours, to be regular in going to bed early.
HOURGLASS Hour"glass`, n.
Defn: An instrument for measuring time, especially the interval of an hour. It consists of a glass vessel having two compartments, from the uppermost of which a quantity of sand, water, or mercury occupies an hour in running through a small aperture unto the lower.
Note: A similar instrument measuring any other interval of time takes its name from the interval measured; as, a half-hour glass, a half- minute glass. A three-minute glass is sometimes called an egg-glass, from being used to time the boiling of eggs.
HOURI Hou"ri, n.; pl. Houris. Etym: [Per. huri, hura, hur; akin to Ar. hur, pl. of ahwar beautiful-eyed, black-eyed.]
Defn: A nymph of paradise; -- so called by the Mohammedans.
HOURLY Hour"ly, a.
Defn: Happening or done every hour; occurring hour by hour; frequent; often repeated; renewed hour by hour; continual. In hourly expectation of a martyrdom. Sharp.
HOURLY Hour"ly, adv.
Defn: Every hour; frequently; continually. Great was their strife, which hourly was renewed. Dryden.
HOURS Hours, n. pl. Etym: [A translation of L. Horae (Gr. Hour.] (Myth.)
Defn: Goddess of the seasons, or of the hours of the day. Lo! where the rosy-blosomed Hours, Fair Venus' train, appear. Gray.
HOUSAGE Hous"age, n. Etym: [From House.]
Defn: A fee for keeping goods in a house. [R.] Chambers.
HOUSE House, n.; pl. Houses. Etym: [OE. hous, hus, AS. h; akin to OS. & OFries. h, D. huis, OHG. h, G. haus, Icel. h, Sw. hus, Dan. huus, Goth. gudh, house of God, temple; and prob. to E. hide to conceal. See Hide, and cf. Hoard, Husband, Hussy, Husting.]
1. A structure intended or used as a habitation or shelter for animals of any kind; but especially, a building or edifice for the habitation of man; a dwelling place, a mansion. Houses are built to live in; not to look on. Bacon. Bees with smoke and doves with noisome stench Are from their hives and houses driven away. Shak.
2. Household affairs; domestic concerns; particularly in the phrase to keep house. See below.
3. Those who dwell in the same house; a household. One that feared God with all his house. Acts x. 2.
4. A family of ancestors, descendants, and kindred; a race of persons from the same stock; a tribe; especially, a noble family or an illustrious race; as, the house of Austria; the house of Hanover; the house of Israel. The last remaining pillar of their house, The one transmitter of their ancient name. Tennyson.
5. One of the estates of a kingdom or other government assembled in parliament or legislature; a body of men united in a legislative capacity; as, the House of Lords; the House of Commons; the House of Representatives; also, a quorum of such a body. See Congress, and Parliament.
6. (Com.)
Defn: A firm, or commercial establishment.
7. A public house; an inn; a hotel.
8. (Astrol.)
Defn: A twelfth part of the heavens, as divided by six circles intersecting at the north and south points of the horizon, used by astrologers in noting the positions of the heavenly bodies, and casting horoscopes or nativities. The houses were regarded as fixed in respect to the horizon, and numbered from the one at the eastern horizon, called the ascendant, first house, or house of life, downward, or in the direction of the earth's revolution, the stars and planets passing through them in the reverse order every twenty- four hours.
9. A square on a chessboard, regarded as the proper place of a piece.
10. An audience; an assembly of hearers, as at a lecture, a theater, etc.; as, a thin or a full house.
11. The body, as the habitation of the soul. This mortal house I'll ruin, Do Cæsar what he can. Shak.
12. [With an adj., as narrow, dark, etc.]
Defn: The grave. "The narrow house." Bryant.
Note: House is much used adjectively and as the first element of compounds. The sense is usually obvious; as, house cricket, housemaid, house painter, housework. House ant (Zoöl.), a very small, yellowish brown ant (Myrmica molesta), which often infests houses, and sometimes becomes a great pest. -- House of bishops (Prot. Epis. Ch.), one of the two bodies composing a general convertion, the other being House of Clerical and Lay Deputies. -- House boat, a covered boat used as a dwelling. -- House of call, a place, usually a public house, where journeymen connected with a particular trade assemble when out of work, ready for the call of employers. [Eng.] Simonds. -- House car (Railroad), a freight car with inclosing sides and a roof; a box car. -- House of correction. See Correction. -- House cricket (Zoöl.), a European cricket (Gryllus domesticus), which frequently lives in houses, between the bricks of chimneys and fireplaces. It is noted for the loud chirping or stridulation of the males. -- House dog, a dog kept in or about a dwelling house. -- House finch (Zoöl.), the burion. -- House flag, a flag denoting the commercial house to which a merchant vessel belongs. -- House fly (Zoöl.), a common fly (esp. Musca domestica), which infests houses both in Europe and America. Its larva is a maggot which lives in decaying substances or excrement, about sink drains, etc. -- House of God, a temple or church. -- House of ill fame. See Ill fame under Ill, a. -- House martin (Zoöl.), a common European swallow (Hirundo urbica). It has feathered feet, and builds its nests of mud against the walls of buildings. Called also house swallow, and window martin. -- House mouse (Zoöl.), the common mouse (Mus musculus). -- House physician, the resident medical adviser of a hospital or other public institution. -- House snake (Zoöl.), the milk snake. -- House sparrow (Zoöl.), the common European sparrow (Passer domesticus). It has recently been introduced into America, where it has become very abundant, esp. in cities. Called also thatch sparrow. -- House spider (Zoöl.), any spider which habitually lives in houses. Among the most common species are Theridium tepidariorum and Tegenaria domestica. -- House surgeon, the resident surgeon of a hospital. -- House wren (Zoöl.), the common wren of the Eastern United States (Troglodytes aëdon). It is common about houses and in gardens, and is noted for its vivacity, and loud musical notes. See Wren. -- Religious house, a monastery or convent. -- The White House, the official residence of the President of the United States; -- hence, colloquially, the office of President. -- To bring down the house. See under Bring. -- To keep house, to maintain an independent domestic establishment. -- To keep open house, to entertain friends at all times.
Syn. -- Dwelling; residence; abode. See Tenement.
HOUSE House, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Housed; p. pr. & vb. n. Housing.] Etym: [AS. h.]
1. To take or put into a house; to shelter under a roof; to cover from the inclemencies of the weather; to protect by covering; as, to house one's family in a comfortable home; to house farming utensils; to house cattle. At length have housed me in a humble shed. Young. House your choicest carnations, or rather set them under a penthouse. Evelyn.
2. To drive to a shelter. Shak.
3. To admit to residence; to harbor. Palladius wished him to house all the Helots. Sir P. Sidney.
4. To deposit and cover, as in the grave. Sandys.
5. (Naut.)
Defn: To stow in a safe place; to take down and make safe; as, to house the upper spars.
HOUSE House, v. i.
1. To take shelter or lodging; to abide to dwell; to lodge. You shall not house with me. Shak.
2. (Astrol.)
Defn: To have a position in one of the houses. See House, n.,
8. "Where Saturn houses." Dryden.
HOUSEBOTE House"bote`, n. Etym: [House + bote.] (Law)
Defn: Wood allowed to a tenant for repairing the house and for fuel. This latter is often called firebote. See Bote.
HOUSEBREAKER House"break`er, n.
Defn: One who is guilty of the crime of housebreaking.
HOUSEBREAKING House"break`ing, n.
Defn: The act of breaking open and entering, with a felonious purpose, the dwelling house of another, whether done by day or night. See Burglary, and To break a house, under Break.
HOUSEBUILDER House"build`er, n.
Defn: One whose business is to build houses; a housewright.
HOUSECARL House"carl`, n. Etym: [OE. huscarle. See House, and Carl.] (Eng. Archæol.)
Defn: A household servant; also, one of the bodyguard of King Canute.
HOUSEHOLD House"hold`, n.
1. Those who dwell under the same roof and compose a family. And calls, without affecting airs, His household twice a day to prayers. Swift.
2. A line of ancestory; a race or house. [Obs.] Shak.
HOUSEHOLD House"hold`, a.
Defn: Belonging to the house and family; domestic; as, household furniture; household affairs. Household bread, bread made in the house for common use; hence, bread that is not of the finest quality. [Obs.] -- Household gods (Rom. Antiq.), the gods presiding over the house and family; the Lares and Penates; hence, all objects endeared by association with home. -- Household troops, troops appointed to attend and guard the sovereign or his residence.
HOUSEHOLDER House"hold`er, n.
Defn: The master or head of a family; one who occupies a house with his family. Towns in which almost every householder was an English Protestant. Macaulay. Compound householder. See Compound, a.
HOUSEKEEPER House"keep`er, n.
1. One who occupies a house with his family; a householder; the master or mistress of a family. Locke.
2. One who does, or oversees, the work of keeping house; as, his wife is a good housekeeper; often, a woman hired to superintend the servants of a household and manage the ordinary domestic affairs.
3. One who exercises hospitality, or has plentiful and hospitable household. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.
4. One who keeps or stays much at home. [R.] You are manifest housekeeper. Shak.
5. A house dog. [Obs.] Shak.
HOUSEKEEPING House"keep`ing, n.
1. The state of being occupying a dwelling house as a householder.
2. Care of domestic concerns; management of a house and home affairs.
3. Hospitality; a liberal and hospitable table; a supply of provisions. [Obs.] Tell me, softly and hastly, what's in the pantry Small housekeeping enough, said Phoebe. Sir W. Scott.
HOUSEKEEPING House"keep`ing, a.
Defn: Domestic; used in a family; as, housekeeping commodities.
HOUSEL Hou"sel, n. Etym: [OE. housel, husel, AS. h; akin to Icel. h, Goth. hunsl a sacrifice.]
Defn: The eucharist. [Archaic] Rom. of R. Tennyson.
HOUSEL Hou"sel, v. t. Etym: [AS. h.]
Defn: To administer the eucharist to. [Archaic] Chaucer.
HOUSELEEK House"leek`, n. Etym: [House + leek.] (Bot.)
Defn: A succulent plant of the genus Sempervivum (S. tectorum), originally a native of subalpine Europe, but now found very generally on old walls and roofs. It is very tenacious of life under drought and heat; -- called also ayegreen.
HOUSELESS House"less, a.
Defn: Destitute of the shelter of a house; shelterless; homeless; as, a houseless wanderer.
HOUSELESSNESS House"less*ness, n.
Defn: The state of being houseless.
HOUSELINE House"line`, n. (Naut.)
Defn: A small line of three strands used for seizing; -- called also housing. Totten.
HOUSELING House"ling`, a.
Defn: Same as Housling.
HOUSEMAID House"maid`, n.
Defn: A female servant employed to do housework, esp. to take care of the rooms. Housemaid's knee (Med.), a swelling over the knee, due to an enlargement of the bursa in the front of the kneepan; -- so called because frequently occurring in servant girls who work upon their knees.
HOUSEMATE House"mate`, n.
Defn: One who dwells in the same house with another. R. Browning.
HOUSEROOM House"room`, n.
Defn: Room or place in a house; as, to give any one houseroom.
HOUSEWARMING House"warm`ing, n.
Defn: A feast or merry-making made by or for a family or business firm on taking possession of a new house or premises. Johnson.
HOUSEWIFE House"wife`, n. Etym: [House + wife. Cf. Hussy.]
1. The wife of a householder; the mistress of a family; the female head of a household. Shak. He a good husband, a good housewife she. Dryden.
2. (Usually pronounced Etym: [See Hussy, in this sense.]
Defn: A little case or bag for materials used in sewing, and for other articles of female work; -- called also hussy. [Written also huswife.] P. Skelton.
3. A hussy. [R.] [Usually written huswife.] Shak. Sailor's housewife, a ditty-bag.
HOUSEWIFE; HOUSEWIVE House"wife`, House"wive`, v. t.
Defn: To manage with skill and economy, as a housewife or other female manager; to economize. Conferred those moneys on the nuns, which since they have well housewived. Fuller.
HOUSEWIFELY House"wife`ly, a.
Defn: Pertaining or appropriate to a housewife; domestic; economical; prudent. A good sort of woman, ladylike and housewifely. Sir W. Scott.
HOUSEWIFERY House"wif`er*y, n.
Defn: The business of the mistress of a family; female management of domestic concerns.
HOUSEWORK House"work`, n.
Defn: The work belonging to housekeeping; especially, kitchen work, sweeping, scrubbing, bed making, and the like.
HOUSEWRIGHT House"wright`, n.
Defn: A builder of houses.
HOUSING Hous"ing, n. Etym: [From House. In some of its senses this word has been confused with the following word.]
1. The act of putting or receiving under shelter; the state of dwelling in a habitation.
2. That which shelters or covers; houses, taken collectively. Fabyan.
3. (Arch.) (a) The space taken out of one solid, to admit the insertion of part of another, as the end of one timber in the side of another. (b) A niche for a statue.
4. (Mach.)
Defn: A frame or support for holding something in place, as journal boxes, etc.
5. (Naut.) (a) That portion of a mast or bowsprit which is beneath the deck or within the vessel. (b) A covering or protection, as an awning over the deck of a ship when laid up. (c) A houseline. See Houseline.
HOUSING Hous"ing, n. Etym: [From Houss.]
1. A cover or cloth for a horse's saddle, as an ornamental or military appendage; a saddlecloth; a horse cloth; in plural, trappings.
2. An appendage to the hames or collar of a harness.
HOUSLING Hous"ling, a. Etym: [See Housel.]
Defn: Sacramental; as, housling fire. [R.] Spenser.
HOUSS Houss, n. Etym: [F. housse, LL. hulcia, fr. OHG. hulst; akin to E. holster. See Holster, and cf. 2d Housing.]
Defn: A saddlecloth; a housing. [Obs.] Dryden.
HOUSTONIA Hous*to"ni*a, n. [NL. So named after Dr. William Houston, an English surgeon and botanist.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of small rubiaceous herbs, having tetramerous salveform blue or white flower. There are about twenty species, natives of North America. Also, a plant of this genus.
HOUTOU Hou"tou, n. Etym: [From its note.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A beautiful South American motmot. Waterton.
HOUVE Houve, n. Etym: [AS. hufe.]
Defn: A head covering of various kinds; a hood; a coif; a cap. [Obs.] Chaucer.
HOUYHNHNM Hou*yhnhnm", n.
Defn: One of the race of horses described by Swift in his imaginary travels of Lemuel Gulliver. The Houyhnhnms were endowed with reason and noble qualities; subject to them were Yahoos, a race of brutes having the form and all the worst vices of men.
HOVE Hove, imp. & p. p.
Defn: of Heave. Hove short, Hove to. See To heave a cable short, To heave a ship to, etc., under Heave.
HOVE Hove, v. i. & t.
Defn: To rise; to swell; to heave; to cause to swell. [Obs. or Scot.] Holland. Burns.
HOVE Hove, v. i. Etym: [OE. hoven. See Hover.]
Defn: To hover around; to loiter; to lurk. [Obs.] Gower.
HOVEL Hov"el, n. Etym: [OE. hovel, hovil, prob. a dim. fr. AS. hof house; akin to D. & G. hof court, yard, Icel. hof temple; cf. Prov. E. hove to take shelter, heuf shelter, home.]
1. An open shed for sheltering cattle, or protecting produce, etc., from the weather. Brande & C.
2. A poor cottage; a small, mean house; a hut.
3. (Porcelain Manuf.)
Defn: A large conical brick structure around which the firing kilns are grouped. Knight.
HOVEL Hov"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoveled or Hovelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Hoveling or Hovelling.]
Defn: To put in a hovel; to shelter. To hovel thee with swine, and rogues forlon. Shak. The poor are hoveled and hustled together. Tennyson.
HOVELER Hov"el*er, n.
Defn: One who assists in saving life and property from a wreck; a coast boatman. [Written also hoveller.] [Prov. Eng.] G. P. R. James.
HOVELING Hov"el*ing, n.
Defn: A method of securing a good draught in chimneys by covering the top, leaving openings in the sides, or by carrying up two of the sides higher than the other two. [Written also hovelling.]
HOVEN Ho"ven, obs. or archaic
Defn: p. p. of Heave.
HOVEN Ho"ven, a.
Defn: Affected with the disease called hoove; as, hoven cattle.
HOVER Hov"er, n. Etym: [Etymol. doubtful.]
Defn: A cover; a shelter; a protection. [Archaic] Carew. C. Kingsley.
HOVER Hov"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hovered; p. pr. & vb. n. Hovering.] Etym: [OE. hoveren, and hoven, prob. orig., to abide, linger, and fr. AS. hof house; cf. OFries. hovia to receive into one's house. See Hovel.]
1. To hang fluttering in the air, or on the wing; to remain in flight or floating about or over a place or object; to be suspended in the air above something. Great flights of birds are hovering about the bridge, and settling on it. Addison. A hovering mist came swimming o'er his sight. Dryden.
2. To hang about; to move to and fro near a place, threateningly, watchfully, or irresolutely. Agricola having sent his navy to hover on the coast. Milton. Hovering o'er the paper with her quill. Shak.
HOVERER Hov"er*er, n.
Defn: A device in an incubator for protecting the young chickens and keeping them warm.
HOVER-HAWK Hov"er-hawk`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The kestrel.
HOVERINGLY Hov"er*ing*ly, adv.
Defn: In a hovering manner.
HOW How, adv. Etym: [OE. how, hou, hu, hwu, AS. h, from the same root as hwa, hwæt, who, what, pron. interrog.; akin to OS. hwow, D. hoe, cf. G. wie how, Goth. hwe wherewith, hwaiwa how. sq. root182. See Who, and cf. Why.]
1. In what manner or way; by what means or process. How can a man be born when he is old John iii. 4.
2. To what degree or extent, number or amount; in what proportion; by what measure or quality. O, how love I thy law! it is my meditation all the day. Ps. cxix. 97. By how much they would diminish the present extent of the sea, so much they would impair the fertility, and fountains, and rivers of the earth. Bentley.
3. For what reason; from what cause. How now, my love! why is your cheek so pale Shak.
4. In what state, condition, or plight. How, and with what reproach, shall I return Dryden.
5. By what name, designation, or title. How art thou called Shak.
6. At what price; how dear. [Obs.] How a score of ewes now Shak.
Note: How is used in each sense, interrogatively, interjectionally, and relatively; it is also often employed to emphasize an interrogation or exclamation. "How are the mighty fallen!" 2 Sam. i. 27. Sometimes, also, it is used as a noun; -- as, the how, the when, the wherefore. Shelley. Let me beg you -- don't say "How" for "What" Holmes.
HOWADJI How*adj"i, n. Etym: [Ar.]
1. A traveler.
2. A merchant; -- so called in the East because merchants were formerly the chief travelers.
HOWBEIT How*be"it, conj. Etym: [How + be + it.]
Defn: Be it as it may; nevertheless; notwithstanding; although; albeit; yet; but; however. The Moor -- howbeit that I endure him not -Is of a constant, loving, noble nature. Shak.
HOWDAH How"dah, n. Etym: [Ar. hawdaj.]
Defn: A seat or pavilion, generally covered, fastened on the back of an elephant, for the rider or riders. [Written also houdah.]
HOWDY How"dy, n. Etym: [Scot., also houdy- wife. Of uncertain origin; cf. OSw. jordgumma; or perh. fr. E. how d'ye.]
Defn: A midwife. [Prov. Eng.]
HOWEL How"el, n.
Defn: A tool used by coopers for smoothing and chamfering rheir work, especially the inside of casks.
HOWEL How"el, v. t.
Defn: To smooth; to plane; as, to howel a cask.
HOWELL How"ell, n.
Defn: The upper stage of a porcelian furnace.
HOWEVER How*ev"er, adv. Etym: [Sometimes contracted into howe'er.]
1. In whetever manner, way, or degree. However yet they me despise and spite. Spenser. Howe'er the business goes, you have made fault. Shak.
2. At all events; at least; in any case. Our chief end is to be freed from all, if it may be, however from the greatest evils. Tillotson.
HOWEVER How*ev"er, conj.
Defn: Nevertheless; notwithstanding; yet; still; though; as, I shall not oppose your design; I can not, however, approve of it. In your excuse your love does little say; You might howe'er have took a better way. Dryden.
Syn. -- However, At least, Nevertheless, Yet. These words, as here compared, have an adversative sense in reference to something referred to in the context. However is the most general, and leads to a final conclusion or decision. Thus we say, the truth, however, has not yet fully come out; i.e., such is the speaker's conclusion in view of the whole case. So also we say, however, you may rely on my assistance to that amount; i. e., at all events, whatever may happen, this is my final decision. At least is adversative in another way. It points out the utmost concession that can possibly be required, and still marks the adversative conclusion; as, at least, this must be done; whatever may be our love of peace, we must at least maintain the rights of conscience. Nevertheless denotes that though the concession be fully made, it has no bearing of the question; as, nevertheless, we must go forward. Yet signifies that however extreme the supposition or fact comceded may be, the consequence which might naturally be expected does not and will not follow; as, though I should die with thee, yet will I not deny thee; though he slay me, yet will I trust in him. Cf. But.
HOWITZ How"itz, n.
Defn: A howitzer. [Obs.]
HOWITZER How"itz*er, n. Etym: [G. haubitze, formerly hauffnitz, Bohem. haufnice, orig., a sling.] (Mil.) (a) A gun so short that the projectile, which was hollow, could be put in its place by hand; a kind of mortar. [Obs.] (b) A short, light, largebore cannon, usually having a chamber of smaller diameter than the rest of the bore, and intended to throw large projectiles with comparatively small charges.
HOWKER How"ker, n. (Naut.)
Defn: Same as Hooker.
HOWL Howl, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Howled; p. pr. & vb. n. Howling.] Etym: [OE. houlen, hulen; akin to D. huilen, MHG. hiulen, hiuweln, OHG. hiuwilon to exult, h owl, Dan. hyle to howl.]
1. To utter a loud, protraced, mournful sound or cry, as dogs and wolves often do. And dogs in corners set them down to howl. Drayton. Methought a legion of foul fiends Environ'd me about, and howled in my ears. Shak.
2. To utter a sound expressive of distress; to cry aloud and mournfully; to lament; to wail. Howl ye, for the day of the Lord is at hand. Is. xiii. 6.
3. To make a noise resembling the cry of a wild beast. Wild howled the wind. Sir W. Scott. Howling monkey. (Zoöl.) See Howler, 2. -- Howling wilderness, a wild, desolate place inhabited only by wild beasts. Deut. xxxii. 10.
HOWL Howl, v. t.
Defn: To utter with outcry. "Go . . . howl it out in deserts." Philips.
HOWL Howl, n.
1. The protracted, mournful cry of a dog or a wolf, or other like sound.
2. A prolonged cry of distress or anguish; a wail.
HOWLER Howl"er, n.
1. One who howls.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any South American monkey of the genus Mycetes. Many species are known. They are arboreal in their habits, and are noted for the loud, discordant howling in which they indulge at night.
HOWLET Howl"et, n. Etym: [Equiv. to owlet, influenced by howl: cf. F. hulotte, OHG. h, hiuwela.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: An owl; an owlet. [Written also houlet.] R. Browning.
HOWP Howp, v. i.
Defn: To cry out; to whoop. [Obs.] Chaucer.
HOWSO How"so, adv.
Defn: Howsoever. [Obs.]
HOWSOEVER How`so*ev"er, adj. & conj. Etym: [How + so + ever.]
1. In what manner soever; to whatever degree or extent; however. I am glad he's come, howsoever he comes. Shak.
2. Although; though; however. [Obs.] Shak.
HOWVE Howve, n.
Defn: A hood. See Houve. [Obs.]
HOX Hox, v. t. Etym: [See Hock. sq. root.]
Defn: To hock; to hamstring. See Hock. [Obs.] Shak.
HOY Hoy, n. Etym: [D. heu, or Flem. hui.] (Naut.)
Defn: A small coaster vessel, usually sloop-rigged, used in conveying passengers and goods from place to place, or as a tender to larger vessels in port. The hoy went to London every week. Cowper.
HOY Hoy, interj. Etym: [D. hui. Cf. Ahoy.]
Defn: Ho! Halloe! Stop!
HOYDEN Hoy"den, n.
Defn: Same as Hoiden.
HOYMAN Hoy"man, n.; pl. Hoymen (.
Defn: One who navigates a hoy. A common hoyman to carry goods by water for hire. Hobart.
HSIEN Hsien, n. [Chin.]
Defn: An administrative subdivision of a fu, or department, or of an independent chow; also, the seat of government of such a district.
HUANACO Hua*na"co, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Guanaco.
HUARACHO Hua*ra"cho, n.; pl. Huarachos (#). [Amer. Sp., also guaracha, guarache, huarache, prob. of Mexican origin.]
Defn: A kind of sandal worn by Indians and the lower classes generally; --usually used in pl. [Southern U. S. & Mex.]
HUB Hub, n. Etym: [See 1st Hob.]
1. The central part, usually cylindrical, of a wheel; the nave. See Illust. of Axle box.
2. The hilt of a weapon. Halliwell.
3. A rough protuberance or projecting obstruction; as, a hub in the road. [U.S.] See Hubby.
4. A goal or mark at which quoits, etc., are cast.
5. (Diesinking)
Defn: A hardened, engraved steel punch for impressing a device upon a die, used in coining, etc.
6. A screw hob. See Hob,
3.
7. A block for scotching a wheel. Hub plank (Highway Bridges), a horizontal guard plank along a truss at the height of a wagon-wheel hub. -- Up to the hub, as far as possible in embarrassment or difficulty, or in business, like a wheel sunk in mire; deeply involved. [Colloq.]
HUBBLE-BUBBLE Hub"ble-bub`ble, n.
Defn: A tobacco pipe, so arranged that the smoke passes through water, making a bubbling noise, whence its name. In India, the bulb containing the water is often a cocoanut shell.
HUBBUB Hub"bub, n. Etym: [Cf. Whoobub, Whoop, Hoop, v. i.]
Defn: A loud noise of many confused voices; a tumult; uproar. Milton. This hubbub of unmeaning words. Macaulay.
HUBBY Hub"by, a.
Defn: Full of hubs or protuberances; as, a road that has been frozen while muddy is hubby. [U.S.]
HUBNER; HUEBNER Hüb"ner, n. Etym: [After Hübner, who analyzed it.] (Min.)
Defn: A mineral of brownish black color, occurring in columnar or foliated masses. It is native manganese tungstate.
HUCH; HUCHEN Huch, Hu"chen, n. Etym: [G.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A large salmon (Salmo, or Salvelinus, hucho) inhabiting the Danube; -- called also huso, and bull trout.
HUCK Huck, v. i. Etym: [See Hawk to offer for sale, Huckster.]
Defn: To higgle in trading. [Obs.] Holland.
HUCKABACK Huck"a*back, n. Etym: [Perh. orig., peddler's wares; cf. LG. hukkebak pickback. Cf. Huckster.]
Defn: A kind of linen cloth with raised figures, used for towelings.
HUCKLE Huc"kle, n. Etym: [Perh. dim. of Prov. E. hucka hook, and so named from its round shape. See Hook.]
1. The hip; the haunch.
2. A bunch or part projecting like the hip. Huckle bone. (a) The hip bone; the innominate bone. (b) A small bone of the ankle; astragalus. [R.] Udall.
HUCKLE-BACKED Huc"kle-backed`, a.
Defn: Round-shoulded.
HUCKLEBERRY Huc"kle*ber`ry, n. Etym: [Cf. Whortleberry.] (Bot.) (a) The edible black or dark blue fruit of several species of the American genus Gaylussacia, shrubs nearly related to the blueberries (Vaccinium), and formerly confused with them. The commonest huckelberry comes from G. resinosa. (b) The shrub that bears the berries. Called also whortleberry. Squaw huckleberry. See Deeberry.
HUCKSTER Huck"ster, n. Etym: [OE. hukstere, hukster, OD. heukster, D. heuker; akin to D. huiken to stoop, bend, OD. huycken, huken, G. hocken, to squat, Icel. h; -- the peddler being named from his stooping under the load on his back. Cf. Hawk to offer for sale.]
1. A retailer of small articles, of provisions, and the like; a peddler; a hawker. Swift.
2. A mean, trickish fellow. Bp. Hall.
HUCKSTER Huck"ster, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Huckstered; p. pr. & vb. n. Huckstering.]
Defn: To deal in small articles, or in petty bargains. Swift.
HUCKSTERAGE Huck"ster*age, n.
Defn: The business of a huckster; small dealing; peddling. Ignoble huckster age of piddling tithes. Milton.
HUCKSTERER Huck"ster*er, n.
Defn: A huckster. Gladstone. Those hucksterers or money-jobbers. Swift.
HUCKSTRESS Huck"stress, n.
Defn: A female huckster.
HUD Hud, n. Etym: [Cf. Hood a covering.]
Defn: A huck or hull, as of a nut. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.
HUDDLE Hud"dle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Huddled; p. pr. & vb. n. Huddling.] Etym: [Cf. OE. hoderen, hodren, to cover, keep, warm; perh. akin to OE. huden, hiden, to hide, E. hide, and orig. meaning, to get together for protection in a safe place. Cf. Hide to conceal.]
Defn: To press together promiscuously, from confusion, apprehension, or the like; to crowd together confusedly; to press or hurry in disorder; to crowd. The cattle huddled on the lea. Tennyson. Huddling together on the public square . . . like a herd of panic- struck deer. Prescott.
HUDDLE Hud"dle, v. t.
1. To crowd (things) together to mingle confusedly; to assemble without order or system. Our adversary, huddling several suppositions together, . . . makes a medley and confusion. Locke.
2. To do, make, or put, in haste or roughly; hence, to do imperfectly; -- usually with a following preposition or adverb; as, to huddle on; to huddle up; to huddle together. "Huddle up a peace." J. H. Newman. Let him forescat his work with timely care, Which else is huddled when the skies are fair. Dryden. Now, in all haste, they huddle on Their hoods, their cloaks, and get them gone. Swift.
HUDDLE Hud"dle, n.
Defn: A crowd; a number of persons or things crowded together in a confused manner; tumult; confusion. "A huddle of ideas." Addison.
HUDDLER Hud"dler, n.
Defn: One who huddles things together.
HUDGE Hudge, n. (Mining)
Defn: An iron bucket for hoisting coal or ore. Raymond.
HUDIBRASTIC Hu`di*bras"tic, a.
Defn: Similar to, or in the style of, the poem "Hudibras," by Samuel Butler; in the style of doggerel verse. Macaulay.
HUDSONIAN Hud*so"ni*an, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Hudson's Bay or to the Hudson River; as, the Hudsonian curlew.
HUE Hue, n. Etym: [OE. hew, heow, color, shape, form, AS. hiw, heow; akin to Sw. hy skin, complexion, Goth. hiwi form, appearance.]
1. Color or shade of color; tint; dye. "Flowers of all hue." Milton. Hues of the rich unfolding morn. Keble.
2. (Painting)
Defn: A predominant shade in a composition of primary colors; a primary color modified by combination with others.
HUE Hue, n. Etym: [OE. hue, huer, to hoot, shout, prob. fr. OF. hu an exclamation.]
Defn: A shouting or vociferation. Hue and cry (Law), a loud outcry with which felons were anciently pursued, and which all who heard it were obliged to take up, joining in the pursuit till the malefactor was taken; in later usage, a written proclamation issued on the escape of a felon from prison, requiring all persons to aid in retaking him. Burrill.
HUED Hued, a.
Defn: Having color; -- usually in composition; as, bright-hued; many- hued. Chaucer.
HUELESS Hue"less, a. Etym: [AS. hiwleás. See Hue color.]
Defn: Destitute of color. Hudibras.
HUER Hu"er, n.
Defn: One who cries out or gives an alarm; specifically, a balker; a conder. See Balker.
HUFF Huff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Huffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Huffing.] Etym: [Cf. OE. hoove to puff up, blow; prob. of imitative origin.]
1. To swell; to enlarge; to puff up; as, huffed up with air. Grew.
2. To treat with insolence and arrogance; to chide or rebuke with insolence; to hector; to bully. You must not presume to huff us. Echard.
3. (Draughts)
Defn: To remove from the board (the piece which could have captured an opposing piece). See Huff, v. i., 3.
HUFF Huff, v. i.
1. To enlarge; to swell up; as, bread huffs.
2. To bluster or swell with anger, pride, or arrogance; to storm; to take offense. THis senseless arrogant conceit of theirs made them huff at the doctrine of repentance. South.
3. (Draughts)
Defn: To remove from the board a man which could have captured a piece but has not done so; -- so called because it was the habit to blow upon the piece.
HUFF Huff, n.
1. A swell of sudden anger or arrogance; a fit of disappointment and petulance or anger; a rage. "Left the place in a huff." W. Irving.
2. A boaster; one swelled with a false opinion of his own value or importance. Lewd, shallow-brained huffs make atheism and contempt of religion the sole badge . . . of wit. South. To take huff, to take offence. Cowper.
HUFFCAP Huff"cap`, n.
Defn: A blusterer; a bully. [Obs.] -- a.
Defn: Blustering; swaggering. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
HUFFER Huff"er, n.
Defn: A bully; a blusterer. Hudibras.
HUFFINESS Huff"i*ness, n.
Defn: The state of being huffish; petulance; bad temper. Ld. Lytton.
HUFFINGLY Huff"ing*ly, adv.
Defn: Blusteringly; arrogantly. [R.] And huffingly doth this bonny Scot ride. Old Ballad.
HUFFISH Huff"ish, a.
Defn: Disposed to be blustering or arrogant; petulant. -- Huff"ish*ly, adv. -- Huff"ish*ness, n.
HUFFY Huff"y, a.
1. Puffed up; as, huffy bread.
2. Characterized by arrogance or petulance; easily offended.
HUG Hug, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hugged; p. pr. & vb. n. Hugging.] Etym: [Prob. of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. sidde paa huk to squat, Sw. huka sig to squat, Icel. h. Cf. Huckster.]
1. To cower; to crouch; to curl up. [Obs.] Palsgrave.
2. To crowd together; to cuddle. [Obs.] Shak.
HUG Hug, v. t.
1. To press closely within the arms; to clasp to the bosom; to embrace. "And huggen me in his arms." Shak.
2. To hold fast; to cling to; to cherish. We hug deformities if they bear our names. Glanvill.
3. (Naut.)
Defn: To keep close to; as, to hug the land; to hug the wind. To hug one's self, to congratulate one's self; to chuckle.
HUG Hug, n.
Defn: A close embrace or clasping with the arms, as in affection or in wrestling. Fuller.
HUGE Huge, a. [Compar. Huger; superl. Hugest.] Etym: [OE. huge, hoge, OF. ahuge, ahoge.]
Defn: Very large; enormous; immense; excessive; -- used esp. of material bulk, but often of qualities, extent, etc.; as, a huge ox; a huge space; a huge difference. "The huge confusion." Chapman. "A huge filly." Jer. Taylor. -- Huge"ly, adv. -- Huge"ness, n. Doth it not flow as hugely as the sea. Shak.
Syn. -- Enormous; gigantic; colossal; immense; prodigious; vast.
HUGGER Hug"ger, n.
Defn: One who hugs or embraces.
HUGGER Hug"ger, v. t. & i.
Defn: To conceal; to lurk ambush. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
HUGGER-MUGGER Hug"ger-mug`ger, n. Etym: [Scot. huggrie-muggrie; Prov. E. hugger to lie in ambush, mug mist, muggard sullen.]
Defn: Privacy; secrecy. Commonly in the phrase in hugger-mugger, with haste and secrecy. [Archaic] Many things have been done in hugger-mugger. Fuller.
HUGGER-MUGGER Hug"ger-mug`ger, a.
1. Secret; clandestine; sly.
2. Confused; disorderly; slovenly; mean; as, hugger-mugger doings.
HUGGLE Hug"gle, v. t. Etym: [Freq. of hug.]
Defn: To hug. [Obs.]
HUGUENOT Hu"gue*not, n. Etym: [F., properly a dim. of Hugues. The name is probably derived from the Christian name (Huguenot) of some person conspicuous as a reformer.] (Eccl. Hist.)
Defn: A French Protestant of the period of the religious wars in France in the 16th century.
HUGUENOTISM Hu"gue*not*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. huguenotisme.]
Defn: The religion of the Huguenots in France.
HUGY Hu"gy, a.
Defn: Vast. [Obs.] Dryden.
HUIA BIRD Hu"ia bird`. Etym: [Native name; -- so called from its cry.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A New Zealand starling (Heteralocha acutirostris), remarkable for the great difference in the form and length of the bill in the two sexes, that of the male being sharp and straight, that of the female much longer and strongly curved.
HUISHER Hui"sher, n. [Obs.]
Defn: See Usher. B. Jonson.
HUISHER Hui"sher, v. t.
Defn: To usher. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
HUKE Huke, n. Etym: [OF. huque, LL. huca; cf. D. huik.]
Defn: An outer garment worn in Europe in the Middle Ages. [Written also heuk and hyke.] [Obs.] Bacon.
HULAN Hu"lan, n.
Defn: See Uhlan.
HULCH Hulch, n. Etym: [Cf. Hunch.]
Defn: A hunch. [Obs.]
HULCHY Hulch"y, a.
Defn: Swollen; gibbous. [Obs.]
HULK Hulk, n. Etym: [OE. hulke a heavy ship, AS. hulc a light, swift ship; akin to D. hulk a ship of burden, G. holk, OHG. holcho; perh. fr. LL. holcas, Gr. Wolf, Holcad.]
1. The body of a ship or decked vessel of any kind; esp., the body of an old vessel laid by as unfit for service. "Some well-timbered hulk." Spenser.
2. A heavy ship of clumsy build. Skeat.
3. Anything bulky or unwieldly. Shak. Shear hulk, an old ship fitted with an apparatus to fix or take out the masts of a ship. -- The hulks, old or dismasted ships, formerly used as prisons. [Eng.] Dickens.
HULK Hulk, v. t. Etym: [Cf. MLG. holken to hollow out, Sw. hålka.]
Defn: To take out the entrails of; to disembowel; as, to hulk a hare. [R.] Beau. & Fl.
HULKING; HULKY Hulk"ing, Hulk"y, a.
Defn: Bulky; unwiedly. [R.] "A huge hulking fellow." H. Brooke.
HULL Hull, n. Etym: [OE. hul, hol, shell, husk, AS. hulu; akin to G. hülle covering, husk, case, hüllen to cover, Goth. huljan to cover, AS. helan to hele, conceal. sq. root17. See Hele, v. t., Hell.]
1. The outer covering of anything, particularly of a nut or of grain; the outer skin of a kernel; the husk.
2. Etym: [In this sense perh. influenced by D. hol hold of a ship, E. hold.] (Naut.)
Defn: The frame or body of a vessel, exclusive of her masts, yards, sails, and rigging. Deep in their hulls our deadly bullets light. Dryden. Hull down, said of a ship so distant that her hull is concealed by the convexity of the sea.
HULL Hull, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hulled; p. pr. & vb. n. Hulling.]
1. To strip off or separate the hull or hulls of; to free from integument; as, to hull corn.
2. To pierce the hull of, as a ship, with a cannon ball.
HULL Hull, v. i.
Defn: To toss or drive on the water, like the hull of a ship without sails. [Obs.] Shak. Milton.
HULLABALOO Hul`la*ba*loo", n. Etym: [Perh. a corruption of hurly-burly.]
Defn: A confused noise; uproar; tumult. [Colloq.] Thackeray.
HULLED Hulled, a.
Defn: Deprived of the hulls. Hulled corn, kernels of maize prepared for food by removing the hulls.
HULLER Hull"er, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, hulls; especially, an agricultural machine for removing the hulls from grain; a hulling machine.
HULLO Hul*lo", interj.
Defn: See Hollo.
HULLY Hull"y, a.
Defn: Having or containing hulls.
HULOIST Hu"lo*ist, n.
Defn: See Hyloist.
HULOTHEISM Hu"lo*the*ism, n.
Defn: See Hylotheism.
HULVER Hul"ver, n. Etym: [OE. hulfere; prob. akin to E. holly.]
Defn: Holly, an evergreen shrub or tree.
HUM Hum, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hummed; p. pr. & vb. n. Humming.] Etym: [Of imitative origin; cf. G. hummen, D. hommelen. sq. root15.]
1. To make a low, prolonged sound, like that of a bee in flight; to drone; to murmur; to buzz; as, a top hums. P. Fletcher. Still humming on, their drowsy course they keep. Pope.
2. To make a nasal sound, like that of the letter m prolonged, without opening the mouth, or articulating; to mumble in monotonous undertone; to drone. The cloudy messenger turns me his back, And hums. Shak.
3. Etym: [Cf. Hum, interj.]
Defn: To make an inarticulate sound, like h'm, through the nose in the process of speaking, from embarrassment or a affectation; to hem.
4. To express satisfaction by a humming noise. Here the spectators hummed. Trial of the Regicides.
Note: Formerly the habit of audiences was to express gratification by humming and displeasure by hissing.
5. To have the sensation of a humming noise; as, my head hums, -- a pathological condition.
HUM Hum, v. t.
1. To sing with shut mouth; to murmur without articulation; to mumble; as, to hum a tune.
2. To express satisfaction with by humming.
3. To flatter by approving; to cajole; to impose on; to humbug. [Colloq. & Low]
HUM Hum, n.
1. A low monotonous noise, as of bees in flight, of a swiftly revolving top, of a wheel, or the like; a drone; a buzz. The shard-borne beetle with his drowsy hums. Shak.
2. Any inarticulate and buzzing sound; as: (a) The confused noise of a crowd or of machinery, etc., heard at a distance; as, the hum of industry. But 'midst the crowd, the hum, the shock of men. Byron.
(b) A buzz or murmur, as of approbation. Macaulay.
3. An imposition or hoax.
4. Etym: [Cf. Hem, interj.]
Defn: An inarticulate nasal sound or murmur, like h'm, uttered by a speaker in pause from embarrassment, affectation, etc. THese shrugs, these hums and ha's. Shak.
5. Etym: [Perh. so called because strongly intoxicating.]
Defn: A kind of strong drink formerly used. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Venous hum. See under Venous.
HUM Hum, interj. Etym: [Cf. Hem, interj.]
Defn: Ahem; hem; an inarticulate sound uttered in a pause of speech implying doubt and deliberation. Pope.
HUMAN Hu"man, a. Etym: [L. humanus; akin to homo man: cf. F. humain. See Homage, and cf. Humane, Omber.]
Defn: Belonging to man or mankind; having the qualities or attributes of a man; of or pertaining to man or to the race of man; as, a human voice; human shape; human nature; human sacrifices. To err is human; to forgive, divine. Pope.
HUMAN Hu"man, n.
Defn: A human being. [Colloq.] Sprung of humans that inhabit earth. Chapman. We humans often find ourselves in strange position. Prof. Wilson.
HUMANATE Hu"man*ate, a. Etym: [LL. humanatus.]
Defn: Indued with humanity. [Obs.] Cranmer.
HUMANE Hu*mane", a. Etym: [L. humanus: cf. F. humain. See Human.]
1. Pertaining to man; human. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
2. Having the feelings and inclinations creditable to man; having a disposition to treat other human beings or animals with kindness; kind; benevolent. Of an exceeding courteous and humane inclination. Sportswood.
3. Humanizing; exalting; tending to refine.
Syn. -- Kind; sympathizing; benevolent; mild; compassionate; gentle; tender; merciful. -- Hu*mane"ly, adv. -- Hu*mane"ness, n.
HUMANICS Hu*man"ics, n.
Defn: The study of human nature. [R.] T. W. Collins.
HUMANIFY Hu*man"i*fy, v. t.
Defn: To make human; to invest with a human personality; to incarnate. [R.] The humanifying of the divine Word. H. B. Wilson.
HUMANISM Hu"man*ism, n.
1. Human nature or disposition; humanity. [She] looked almost like a being who had rejected with indifference the attitude of sex for the loftier quality of abstract humanism. T. Hardy.
2. The study of the humanities; polite learning.
HUMANIST Hu"man*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. humaniste.]
1. One of the scholars who in the field of literature proper represented the movement of the Renaissance, and early in the 16th century adopted the name Humanist as their distinctive title. Schaff- Herzog.
2. One who purposes the study of the humanities, or polite literature.
3. One versed in knowledge of human nature.
HUMANISTIC Hu`man*is"tic, a.
1. Of or pertaining to humanity; as, humanistic devotion. Caird.
2. Pertaining to polite kiterature. M. Arnold.
HUMANITARIAN Hu*man`i*ta"ri*an, a.
1. (Theol. & Ch. Hist.)
Defn: Pertaining to humanitarians, or to humanitarianism; as, a humanitarian view of Christ's nature.
2. (Philos.)
Defn: Content with right affections and actions toward man; ethical, as distinguished from religious; believing in the perfectibility of man's nature without supernatural aid.
3. Benevolent; philanthropic. [Recent]
HUMANITARIAN Hu*man`i*ta"ri*an, n. Etym: [From Humanity.]
1. (Theol. & Ch. Hist.)
Defn: One who denies the divinity of Christ, and believes him to have been merely human.
2. (Philos.)
Defn: One who limits the sphere of duties to human relations and affections, to the exclusion or disparagement of the religious or spiritual.
3. One who is actively concerned in promoting the welfare of his kind; a philanthropist. [Recent]
HUMANITARIANISM Hu*man`i*ta"ri*an*ism, n.
1. (Theol. & Ch. Hist.)
Defn: The distinctive tenet of the humanitarians in denying the divinity of Christ; also, the whole system of doctrine based upon this view of Christ.
2. (Philos.)
Defn: The doctrine that man's obligations are limited to, and dependent alone upon, man and the human relations.
HUMANITIAN Hu`ma*ni"tian, n.
Defn: A humanist. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
HUMANITY Hu*man"i*ty, n.; pl. Humanities. Etym: [L. humanitas: cf. F. humanité. See Human.]
1. The quality of being human; the peculiar nature of man, by which he is distinguished from other beings.
2. Mankind collectively; the human race. But hearing oftentimes The still, and music humanity. Wordsworth. It is a debt we owe to humanity. S. S. Smith.
3. The quality of being humane; the kind feelings, dispositions, and sympathies of man; especially, a disposition to relieve persons or animals in distress, and to treat all creatures with kindness and tenderness. "The common offices of humanity and friendship." Locke.
4. Mental cultivation; liberal education; instruction in classical and polite literature. Polished with humanity and the study of witty science. Holland.
5. pl. (With definite article)
Defn: The branches of polite or elegant learning; as language, rhetoric, poetry, and the ancient classics; belles-letters.
Note: The cultivation of the languages, literature, history, and archæology of Greece and Rome, were very commonly called literæ humaniores, or, in English, the humanities, . . . by way of opposition to the literæ divinæ, or divinity. G. P. Marsh.
HUMANIZATION Hu*man`i*za"tion, n.
Defn: The act of humanizing. M. Arnold.
HUMANIZE Hu"man*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Humanized; p. pr. & vb. n. Humanizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. humaniser.]
1. To render human or humane; to soften; to make gentle by overcoming cruel dispositions and rude habits; to refine or civilize. Was it the business of magic to humanize our natures with compassion Addison.
2. To give a human character or expression to. "Humanized divinities." Caird.
3. (Med.)
Defn: To convert into something human or belonging to man; as, to humanize vaccine lymph.
HUMANIZE Hu"man*ize, v. i.
Defn: To become or be made more humane; to become civilized; to be ameliorated. By the original law of nations, war and extirpation were the punishment of injury. Humanizing by degrees, it admitted slavery instead of death; a further step was the exchange of prisoners instead of slavery. Franklin.
HUMANIZER Hu"man*i`zer, n.
Defn: One who renders humane.
HUMANKIND Hu"man*kind`, n.
Defn: Mankind. Pope.
HUMANLY Hu"man*ly, adv.
1. In a human manner; after the manner of men; according to the knowledge or wisdom of men; as, the present prospects, humanly speaking, promise a happy issue. Sir W. Raleigh.
2. Kindly; humanely. [Obs.] Pope.
HUMANNESS Hu"man*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being human.
HUMATE Hu"mate, n. Etym: [L. humus the earth, ground.] (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of humic acid.
HUMATION Hu*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. humatio, fr. humare to cover with earth, to inter, fr. humus the earth, ground. See Homage.]
Defn: Interment; inhumation. [R.]
HUMBIRD Hum"bird`, n.
Defn: Humming bird.
HUMBLE Hum"ble, a. [Compar. Humbler; superl. Humblest.] Etym: [F., fr. L. humilis on the ground, low, fr. humus the earth, ground. See Homage, and cf. Chameleon, Humiliate.]
1. Near the ground; not high or lofty; not pretentious or magnificent; unpretending; unassuming; as, a humble cottage. THy humble nest built on the ground. Cowley.
2. Thinking lowly of one's self; claiming little for one's self; not proud, arrogant, or assuming; thinking one's self ill-deserving or unworthy, when judged by the demands of God; lowly; waek; modest. God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace unto the humble. Jas. iv. 6. She should be humble who would please. Prior. Without a humble imitation of the divine Author of our . . . religion we can never hope to be a happy nation. Washington. Humble plant (Bot.), a species of sensitive plant, of the genus Mimosa (M. sensitiva). -- To eat humble pie, to endure mortification; to submit or apologize abjectly; to yield passively to insult or humilitation; -- a phrase derived from a pie made of the entrails or humbles of a deer, which was formerly served to servants and retainers at a hunting feast. See Humbles. Halliwell. Thackeray.
HUMBLE Hum"ble, a.
Defn: Hornless. See Hummel. [Scot.]
HUMBLE Hum"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Humbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Humbling.]
1. To bring low; to reduce the power, independence, or exaltation of; to lower; to abase; to humilate. Here, take this purse, thou whom the heaven's plagues Have humbled to all strokes. Shak. The genius which humbled six marshals of France. Macaulay.
2. To make humble or lowly in mind; to abase the pride or arrogance of; to reduce the self-sufficiently of; to make meek and submissive; -- often used rexlexively. Humble yourselves therefore under the mighty hand of God, that he may exalt you. 1 Pet. v. 6.
Syn. -- To abase; lower; depress; humiliate; mortify; disgrace; degrade.
HUMBLEBEE Hum"ble*bee`, n. Etym: [OE. humbilbee, hombulbe; cf. D. hommel, G. hummel, OHG. humbal, Dan. humle, Sw. humla; perh. akin to hum. sq. root15. Cf. Bumblebee.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The bumblebee. Shak.
HUMBLEHEAD Hum"ble*head`, n. Etym: [Humble + -head.]
Defn: Humble condition or estate; humility. [Obs.] Chaucer.
HUMBLENESS Hum"ble*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being humble; humility; meekness.
HUMBLER Hum"bler, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, humbles some one.
HUMBLES Hum"bles, n. pl. Etym: [See Nombles.]
Defn: Entrails of a deer. [Written also umbles.] Johnson.
HUMBLESSE Hum"blesse, n. Etym: [OF.]
Defn: Humbleness; abasement; low obeisance. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.
HUMBLY Hum"bly, adv.
Defn: With humility; lowly. Pope.
HUMBUG Hum"bug`, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. hum to impose on, deceive + bug a frightful object.]
1. An imposition under fair pretenses; something contrived in order to deceive and mislead; a trick by cajolery; a hoax.
2. A spirit of deception; cajolery; trickishness.
3. One who deceives or misleads; a deceitful or trickish fellow; an impostor. Sir J. Stephen.
HUMBUG Hum"bug`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Humbugged; p. pr. & vb. n. Humbugging.]
Defn: To deceive; to impose; to cajole; to hoax.
HUMBUGGER Hum"bug`ger, n.
Defn: One who humbugs.
HUMBUGGERY Hum"bug`ger*y, n.
Defn: The practice of imposition.
HUMDRUM Hum"drum`, a.
Defn: Monotonous; dull; commonplace. "A humdrum crone." Bryant.
HUMDRUM Hum"drum`, n.
1. A dull fellow; a bore. B. Jonson.
2. Monotonous and tedious routine. Dissatisfied with humdrum. The Nation.
3. A low cart with three wheels, drawn by one horse.
HUMECT; HUMECTATE Hu*mect", Hu*mec"tate, v. t. Etym: [L. humectare, humectatum, fr. humectus moist, fr. humere to be moist: cf. F. humecter.]
Defn: To moisten; to wet. [Obs.] Howell.
HUMECTANT Hu*mec"tant, a. Etym: [L. humectans, p.pr.]
Defn: Diluent. -- n.
Defn: A diluent drink or medicine. [Obs.]
HUMECTATION Hu`mec*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. humectatio: cf. F. humectation.]
Defn: A moistening. [Obs.] Bacon.
HUMECTIVE Hu*mec"tive, a.
Defn: Tending to moisten. [Obs.]
HUMERAL Hu"mer*al, a. Etym: [L. humerus the shoulder: cf. F. huméral.] (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the humerus, or upper part of the arm; brachial. Humeral veil (R. C. Ch.), a long, narrow veil or scarf of the same material as the vestments, worn round the shoulders by the officiating priest or his attendant at Mass, and used to protect the sacred vessels from contact with the hands.
HUMERUS Hu"me*rus, n.; pl. Humeri. Etym: [L.] (Anat.) (a) The bone of the brachium, or upper part of the arm or fore limb. (b) The part of the limb containing the humerus; the brachium.
HUMIC Hu"mic, a. Etym: [L. humus the earth, ground: cf. F. humique.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, vegetable mold; as, humic acid. See Humin.
HUMICUBATION Hu`mi*cu*ba"tion, n. Etym: [L. humus the ground + cubare to lie down.]
Defn: The act or practice of lying on the ground. [Obs.] Abp. Bramhall.
HUMID Hu"mid, a. Etym: [L. humidus, umidus, fr. humere, umere, to be moist; akin to uvidus moist, Gr. uksh to wet, sprinkle, and Icel. vökr moist, and perh. to E. ox: cf. F. humide.]
Defn: Containing sensible moisture; damp; moist; as, a humidair or atmosphere; somewhat wet or watery; as, humid earth; consisting of water or vapor. Evening cloud, or humid bow. Milton.
HUMIDITY Hu*mid"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. humidité.]
Defn: Moisture; dampness; a moderate degree of wetness, which is perceptible to the eye or touch; -- used especially of the atmosphere, or of anything which has absorbed moisture from the atmosphere, as clothing.
Note: In hygrometrical reports (as of the United States Signal Service) complete saturation of the air is designated by Humidity 100, and its partial saturation by smaller numbers.
HUMIDNESS Hu"mid*ness, n.
Defn: Humidity.
HUMIFUSE Hu"mi*fuse, a. Etym: [L. humus ground + fusus, p.p. of fundere to spread.] (Bot.)
Defn: Spread over the surface of the ground; procumbent. Gray.
HUMILIANT Hu*mil"i*ant, a. Etym: [L. humilians, p.pr. of humiliare.]
Defn: Humiliating; humbling. "Humiliant thoughts." [R.] Mrs. Browning.
HUMILIATE Hu*mil"i*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Humiliated; p. pr. & vb. n. Humiliating.] Etym: [L. humiliatus, p.p. of humiliare. See Humble.]
Defn: To reduce to a lower position in one's own eyes, or in the eyes of others; to humble; to mortify. We stand humiliated rather than encouraged. M. Arnold.
HUMILIATION Hu*mil`i*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. humiliatio: cf. F. humiliation.]
1. The act of humiliating or humbling; abasement of pride; mortification. Bp. Hopkins.
2. The state of being humiliated, humbled, or reduced to lowliness or submission. The former was a humiliation of Deity; the latter a humiliation of manhood. Hooker.
HUMILITY Hu*mil"i*ty, n.; pl. Humilities. Etym: [OE. humilite, OF. humilité, humelité, F. humilité, fr. L. humiliatis. See Humble.]
1. The state or quality of being humble; freedom from pride and arrogance; lowliness of mind; a modest estimate of one's own worth; a sense of one's own unworthiness through imperfection and sinfulness; self-abasement; humbleness. Serving the Lord with all humility of mind. Acts xx. 19.
2. An act of submission or courtesy. With these humilities they satisfied the young king. Sir J. Davies.
Syn. -- Lowliness; humbleness; meekness; modesty; diffidence. -- Humility, Modesty, Diffidence. Diffidence is a distrust of our powers, combined with a fear lest our failure should be censured, since a dread of failure unconnected with a dread of censure is not usually called diffidence. It may be carried too far, and is not always, like modesty and humility, a virtue. Modesty, without supposing self-distrust, implies an unwillingness to put ourselves forward, and an absence of all over-confidence in our own powers. Humility consists in rating our claims low, in being willing to waive our rights, and take a lower place than might be our due. It does not require of us to underrate ourselves.
HUMIN Hu"min, n. Etym: [L. humus the earth, ground.] (Chem.)
Defn: A bitter, brownish yellow, amorphous substance, extracted from vegetable mold, and also produced by the action of acids on certain sugars and carbohydrates; -- called also humic acid, ulmin, gein, ulmic or geic acid, etc.
HUMIRI Hu*mi"ri, n. Etym: [From native name.] (Bot.)
Defn: A fragrant balsam obtained from Brazilian trees of the genus Humirium.
HUMITE Hum"ite, n. Etym: [Named after Sir A.Hume.] (Min.)
Defn: A mineral of a transparent vitreous brown color, found in the ejected masses of Vesuvius. It is a silicate of iron and magnesia, containing fluorine.
HUMMEL Hum"mel, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Hamble.]
Defn: To separate from the awns; -- said of barley. [Scot.]
HUMMEL Hum"mel, a.
Defn: Having no awns or no horns; as, hummelcorn; a hummel cow. [Scot.]
HUMMELER Hum"mel*er, n. Etym: [Written also hummeller.]
Defn: One who, or a machine which, hummels.
HUMMER Hum"mer, n.
1. One who, or that which, hums; one who applauds by humming. Ainsworth.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A humming bird.
HUMMING Hum"ming, a.
Defn: Emitting a murmuring sound; droning; murmuring; buzzing.
HUMMING Hum"ming, n.
Defn: A sound like that made by bees; a low, murmuring sound; a hum. Hummingale, lively or strong ale. Dryden. -- Humming bird (Zoöl.), any bird of the family Trochilidæ, of which over one hundred genera are known, including about four hundred species. They are found only in America and are most abundant in the tropics. They are mostly of very small size, and are not for their very brilliant colors and peculiar habit of hovering about flowers while vibrating their wings very rapidly with a humming noise. They feed both upon the nectar of flowers and upon small insects. The common humming bird or ruby-throat of the Eastern United States is Trochilus culubris. Several other species are found in the Western United States. See Calliope, and Ruby-throat. -- Humming-bird moth (Zoöl.), a hawk moth. See Hawk moth, under Hawk, the bird.
HUMMOCK Hum"mock, n. Etym: [Prob. a dim. of hump. See Hump.]
1. A rounded knoll or hillock; a rise of ground of no great extent, above a level surface.
2. A ridge or pile of ice on an ice field.
3. Timbered land. See Hammock. [Southern U.S.]
HUMMOCKING Hum"mock*ing, n.
Defn: The process of forming hummocks in the collision of Arctic ice. Kane.
HUMMOCKY Hum"mock*y, a.
Defn: Abounding in hummocks.
HUMMUM Hum"mum, n. Etym: [Per. or Ar. hamman.]
Defn: A sweating bath or place for sweating. Sir T. Herbert.
HUMOR Hu"mor, n. Etym: [OE. humour, OF. humor, umor, F. humeur, L. humor, umor, moisture, fluid, fr. humere, umere, to be moist. See Humid.] [Written also humour.]
1. Moisture, especially, the moisture or fluid of animal bodies, as the chyle, lymph, etc.; as, the humors of the eye, etc.
Note: The ancient physicians believed that there were four humors (the blood, phlegm, yellow bile or choler, and black bile or melancholy), on the relative proportion of which the temperament and health depended.
2. (Med.)
Defn: A vitiated or morbid animal fluid, such as often causes an eruption on the skin. "A body full of humors." Sir W. Temple.
3. State of mind, whether habitual or temporary (as formerly supposed to depend on the character or combination of the fluids of the body); disposition; temper; mood; as, good humor; ill humor. Examine how your humor is inclined, And which the ruling passion of your mind. Roscommon. A prince of a pleasant humor. Bacon. I like not the humor of lying. Shak.
4. pl.
Defn: Changing and uncertain states of mind; caprices; freaks; vagaries; whims. Is my friend all perfection, all virtue and discretion Has he not humors to be endured South.
5. That quality of the imagination which gives to ideas an incongruous or fantastic turn, and tends to excite laughter or mirth by ludicrous images or representations; a playful fancy; facetiousness. For thy sake I admit That a Scot may have humor, I'd almost said wit. Goldsmith. A great deal of excellent humor was expended on the perplexities of mine host. W. Irving. Aqueous humor, Crystalline humor or lens, Vitreous humor. (Anat.) See Eye. -- Out of humor, dissatisfied; displeased; in an unpleasant frame of mind.
Syn. -- Wit; satire; pleasantry; temper; disposition; mood; frame; whim; fancy; caprice. See Wit.
HUMOR Hu"mor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Humored; p. pr. & vb. n. Humoring.]
1. To comply with the humor of; to adjust matters so as suit the peculiarities, caprices, or exigencies of; to adapt one's self to; to indulge by skillful adaptation; as, to humor the mind. It is my part to invent, and the musician's to humor that invention. Dryden.
2. To help on by indulgence or compliant treatment; to soothe; to gratify; to please. You humor me when I am sick. Pope.
Syn. -- To gratify; to indulge. See Gratify.
HUMORAL Hu"mor*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. humoral.]
Defn: Pertaining to, or proceeding from, the humors; as, a humoral fever. Humoral pathology (Med.), the pathology, or doctrine of the nature of diseases, which attributes all morbid phenomena to the disordered condition of the fluids or humors of the body.
HUMORALISM Hu"mor*al*ism, n.
1. (Med.)
Defn: The state or quality of being humoral.
2. (Med.)
Defn: The doctrine that diseases proceed from the humors; humorism. [Obs.]
HUMORALIST Hu"mor*al*ist, n.
Defn: One who favors the humoral pathology or believes in humoralism.
HUMORISM Hu"mor*ism, n.
1. (Med.)
Defn: The theory founded on the influence which the humors were supposed to have in the production of disease; Galenism. Dunglison.
2. The manner or disposition of a humorist; humorousness. Coleridge.
HUMORIST Hu"mor*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. humoriste.]
1. (Med.)
Defn: One who attributes diseases of the state of the humors.
2. One who has some peculiarity or eccentricity of character, which he indulges in odd or whimsical ways. He [Roger de Coverley] . . . was a great humorist in all parts of his life. Addison.
3. One who displays humor in speaking or writing; one who has a facetious fancy or genius; a wag; a droll. The reputation of wits and humorists. Addison.
HUMORISTIC Hu`mor*is"tic, a.
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a humorist.
HUMORIZE Hu"mor*ize, v. t.
Defn: To humor. Marston.
HUMORLESS Hu"mor*less, a.
Defn: Destitute of humor.
HUMOROUS Hu"mor*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. L. humorosus, umorosus, moist. See Humor.]
1. Moist; humid; watery. [Obs.] All founts wells, all deeps humorous. Chapman.
2. Subject to be governed by humor or caprice; irregular; capricious; whimsical. Hawthorne. Rough as a storm and humorous as the wind. Dryden.
3. Full of humor; jocular; exciting laughter; playful; as, a humorous story or author; a humorous aspect.
Syn. -- Jocose; facetious; witty; pleasant; merry.
HUMOROUSLY Hu"mor*ous*ly, adv.
1. Capriciously; whimsically. We resolve rashly, sillily, or humorously. Calamy.
2. Facetiously; wittily.
HUMOROUSNESS Hu"mor*ous*ness, n.
1. Moodiness; capriciousness.
2. Facetiousness; jocularity.
HUMORSOME Hu"mor*some, a.
1. Moody; whimsical; capricious. Hawthorne. The commons do not abet humorsome, factious arms. Burke.
2. Jocose; witty; humorous. Swift.
HUMORSOMELY Hu"mor*some*ly, adv.
Defn: Pleasantly; humorously.
HUMORSOMENESS Hu"mor*some*ness, n.
Defn: Quality of being humorsome.
HUMP Hump, n. Etym: [Cf. D. homp a lump, LG. hump heap, hill, stump, possibly akin to E. heap. Cf. Hunch.]
1. A protuberance; especially, the protuberance formed by a crooked back.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A fleshy protuberance on the back of an animal, as a camel or whale.
HUMPBACK Hump"back`, n. Etym: [Cf. Hunchback.]
1. A crooked back; a humped back. Tatler.
2. A humpbacked person; a hunchback.
3. (Zoöl.) (a) Any whale of the genus Megaptera, characterized by a hump or bunch on the back. Several species are known. The most common ones in the North Atlantic are Megaptera longimana of Europe, and M. osphyia of America; that of the California coasts is M. versabilis. (b) A small salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), of the northwest coast of America.
HUMPBACKED Hump"backed`, a.
Defn: Having a humped back.
HUMPBACKED SALMON Hump"backed` salm"on.
Defn: A small salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) which ascends the rivers of the Pacific coast from California to Alaska, and also on the Asiatic side. In the breeding season the male has a large dorsal hump and distorted jaws.
HUMPED Humped, a.
Defn: Having a hump, as the back.
HUMPH Humph, interj. Etym: [Of imitative origin.]
Defn: An exclamation denoting surprise, or contempt, doubt, etc.
HUMPLESS Hump"less, a.
Defn: Without a hump. Darwin.
HUMP-SHOULDERED Hump"-shoul`dered, a.
Defn: Having high, hunched shoulders. Hawthorne.
HUMPY Hump"y, a.
Defn: Full of humps or bunches; covered with protuberances; humped.
HUMSTRUM Hum"strum`, n.
Defn: An instrument out of tune or rudely constructed; music badly played.
HUMULIN Hu"mu*lin, n. Etym: [NL. Humulus, the genus including the hop.]
Defn: An extract of hops.
HUMUS Hu"mus, n. Etym: [L., the earth, ground, soil.]
Defn: That portion of the soil formed by the decomposition of animal or vegetable matter. It is a valuable constituent of soils. Graham.
HUN Hun, n. Etym: [L. Hunni, also Chunni, and Chuni; cf. AS. H, H, OHG. H, G. Hunnen.]
Defn: One of a warlike nomadic people of Northern Asia who, in the 5th century, under Atilla, invaded and conquered a great part of Europe.
HUNCH Hunch, n. Etym: [Perh. akin to huckle; cf. hump, hunch, bunch, hunk.]
1. A hump; a protuberance.
2. A lump; a thick piece; as, a hunch of bread.
3. A push or thrust, as with the elbow.
HUNCH Hunch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hunched; p. pr. & vb. n. Hunching.]
1. To push or jostle with the elbow; to push or thrust suddenly.
2. To thrust out a hump or protuberance; to crook, as the back. Dryden.
HUNCHBACK Hunch"back`, n. Etym: [Cf. Humpback.]
Defn: A back with a hunch or hump; also, a hunchbacked person.
HUNCHBACKED Hunch"backed`, a.
Defn: Having a humped back.
HUNDRED Hun"dred, n. Etym: [OE. hundred, AS. hundred a territorial division; hund hundred + a word akin to Goth. ga-ra to count, L. ratio reckoning, account; akin to OS. hunderod, hund, D. hondred, G. hundert, OHG. also hunt, Icel. hundra, Dan. hundrede, Sw. hundra, hundrade, Goth. hund, Lith. szimtas, Russ. sto, W. cant, Ir. cead, L. centum, Gr. çata. sq. root309. Cf. Cent, Century, Hecatomb, Quintal, and Reason.]
1. The product of ten mulitplied by ten, or the number of ten times ten; a collection or sum, consisting of ten times ten units or objects; five score. Also, a symbol representing one hundred units, as 100 or C. With many hundreds treading on his heels. Shak.
Note: The word hundred, as well as thousand, million, etc., often takes a plural form. We may say hundreds, or many hundreds, meaning individual objects or units, but with an ordinal numeral adjective in constructions like five hundreds, or eight hundreds, it is usually intended to consider each hundred as a separate aggregate; as, ten hundreds are one thousand.
2. A division of a country in England, supposed to have originally contained a hundred families, or freemen. Hundred court, a court held for all the inhabitants of a hundred. [Eng.] Blackstone.
HUNDRED Hun"dred, a.
Defn: Ten times ten; five score; as, a hundred dollars.
HUNDREDER Hun"dred*er, n.
1. An inhabitant or freeholder of a hundred.
2. (Law)
Defn: A person competent to serve on a jury, in an action for land in the hundred to which he belongs.
3. One who has the jurisdiction of a hundred; and sometimes, a bailiff of a hundred. Blount. Cowell.
HUNDREDFOLD Hun"dred*fold`, n.
Defn: A hundred times as much or as many. He shall receive as hundredfold now in this time. Mark x. 30.
HUNDREDTH Hun"dredth, a.
1. Coming last of a hundred successive individuals or units.
2. Forming one of a hundred equal parts into which anything is divided; the tenth of a tenth.
HUNDREDTH Hun"dredth, n.
Defn: One of a hundred equal parts into which one whole is, or may be, divided; the quotient of a unit divided by a hundred.
HUNDREDWEIGHT Hun"dred*weight`, n.
Defn: A denomination of weight, containing 100, 112, or 120 pounds avoirdupois, according to differing laws or customs. By the legal standard of England it is 112 pounds. In most of the United States, both in practice and by law, it is 100 pounds avoirdupois, the corresponding ton of 2,000 pounds, sometimes called the short ton, beingthe legal ton.
HUNG Hung, imp. & p. p.
Defn: of Hang. Hung beef, the fleshy part of beef slightly salted and hung up to dry; dried beef.
HUNGARIAN Hun*ga"ri*an, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Hungary or to the people of Hungary. -- n.
Defn: A native or one of the people of Hungary. Hungarian grass. See Italian millet, under Millet.
HUNGARY Hun"ga*ry, n.
Defn: A country in Central Europe, now a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Hungary water, a distilled "water," made from dilute alcohol aromatized with rosemary flowers, etc.
HUNGER Hun"ger, n. Etym: [AS. hungor; akin to OFries. hunger, D. honger, OS. & OHG. hungar, G. hunger, Icel. hungr, Sw. & Dan. hunger, Goth. h hunger, huggrjan to hunger.]
1. An uneasy sensation occasioned normally by the want of food; a craving or desire for food.
Note: The sensation of hunger is usually referred to the stomach, but is probably dependent on excitation of the sensory nerves, both of the stomach and intestines, and perhaps also on indirect impressions from other organs, more or less exhausted from lack of nutriment.
2. Any strong eager desire. O sacred hunger of ambitious minds! Spenser. For hunger of my gold I die. Dryden.
HUNGER Hun"ger, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hungered; p. pr. & vb. n. Hungering.] Etym: [OE. hungren, AS. hyngrian. See Hunger, n.]
1. To feel the craving or uneasiness occasioned by want of food; to be oppressed by hunger.
2. To have an eager desire; to long. Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteouness. Matt. v. 6.
HUNGER Hun"ger, v. t.
Defn: To make hungry; to famish.
HUNGER-BIT; HUNGER-BITTEN Hun"ger-bit`, Hun"ger-bit`ten, a.
Defn: Pinched or weakened by hunger. [Obs.] Milton.
HUNGERED Hun"gered, a.
Defn: Hungry; pinched for food. [Obs.] Milton.
HUNGERER Hun"ger*er, n.
Defn: One who hungers; one who longs. Lamb.
HUNGERLY Hun"ger*ly, a.
Defn: Wanting food; starved. [Obs.] Shak.
HUNGERLY Hun"ger*ly, adv.
Defn: With keen appetite. [Obs.] Shak.
HUNGER-STARVE Hun"ger-starve`, v. t.
Defn: To starve with hunger; to famish. [Obs.] Shak.
HUNGRED Hun"gred, a.
Defn: Hungered; hungry. [Archaic]
HUNGRILY Hun"gri*ly, adv. Etym: [From Hunger.]
Defn: In a hungry manner; voraciously. Dryden.
HUNGRY Hun"gry, a. [Compar. Hungrier; superl. Hungriest.] Etym: [AS. hungrid. See Hunger.]
1. Feeling hunger; having a keen appetite; feeling uneasiness or distress from want of food; hence, having an eager desire.
2. Showing hunger or a craving desire; voracious. The cruel, hungry foam. C. Kingsley. Cassius has a lean and hungry look. Shak.
3. Not rich or fertile; poor; barren; starved; as, a hungry soil. "The hungry beach." Shak.
HUNK Hunk, n. Etym: [Cf. Hunch.]
Defn: A large lump or piece; a hunch; as, a hunk of bread. [Colloq.]
HUNKER Hun"ker, n.
Defn: Originally, a nickname for a member of the conservative section of the Democratic party in New York; hence, one opposed to progress in general; a fogy. [Political Cant, U.S.]
HUNKERISM Hun"ker*ism, n.
Defn: Excessive conservatism; hostility to progress. [Political Cant, U.S.]
HUNKERS Hun"kers, n. pl. [See Hunker.]
Defn: In the phrase on one's hunkers, in a squatting or crouching position. [Scot. & Local, U. S.]
Sit on your hunkers -- and pray for the bridge. Kipling.
HUNKS Hunks, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]
Defn: A covetous, sordid man; a miser; a niggard. Pray make your bargain with all the prudence and selfishness of an old hunks. Gray.
HUNKY Hunk"y, a. [Perh. fr. Hunk.]
Defn: All right; in a good condition; also, even; square. [Slang, U. S.]
He . . . began to shoot; began to get "hunky" with all those people who had been plugging at him. Stephen Crane.
HUNT Hunt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hunting.] Etym: [AS. huntian to hunt; cf. hentan to follow, pursue, Goth. hin (in comp.) to seize. sq. root36. Cf. Hent.]
1. To search for or follow after, as game or wild animals; to chase; to pursue for the purpose of catching or killing; to follow with dogs or guns for sport or exercise; as, to hunt a deer. Like a dog, he hunts in dreams. Tennyson.
2. To search diligently after; to seek; to pursue; to follow; -- often with out or up; as, to hunt up the facts; to hunt out evidence. Evil shall hunt the violent man to overthrow him. Ps. cxl. 11.
3. To drive; to chase; -- with down, from, away, etc.; as, to hunt down a criminal; he was hunted from the parish.
4. To use or manage in the chase, as hounds. He hunts a pack of dogs. Addison.
5. To use or traverse in pursuit of game; as, he hunts the woods, or the country.
HUNT Hunt, v. i.
1. To follow the chase; to go out in pursuit of game; to course with hounds. Esau went to the field to hunt for venison. Gen. xxvii. 5.
2. To seek; to pursue; to search; -- with for or after. He after honor hunts, I after love. Shak. To hunt counter, to trace the scent backward in hunting, as a hound to go back on one's steps. [Obs.] Shak.
HUNT Hunt, n.
1. The act or practice of chasing wild animals; chase; pursuit; search. The hunt is up; the morn is bright and gray. Shak.
2. The game secured in the hunt. [Obs.] Shak.
3. A pack of hounds. [Obs.]
4. An association of huntsmen.
5. A district of country hunted over. Every landowner within the hunt. London Field.
HUNT-COUNTER Hunt"-count`er, n.
Defn: A worthless dog that runs back on the scent; a blunderer. [Obs.] Shak.
HUNTE Hunt"e, n. Etym: [AS. hunta.]
Defn: A hunter. [Obs.] Chaucer.
HUNTER Hunt"er, n.
1. One who hunts wild animals either for sport or for food; a huntsman.
2. A dog that scents game, or is trained to the chase; a hunting dog. Shak.
3. A horse used in the chase; especially, a thoroughbred, bred and trained for hunting.
4. One who hunts or seeks after anything, as if for game; as, a fortune hunter a place hunter. No keener hunter after glory breathes. Tennyson.
5. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A kind of spider. See Hunting spider, under Hunting.
6. A hunting watch, or one of which the crystal is protected by a metallic cover. Hunter's room, the lunation after the harvest moon. -- Hunter's screw (Mech.), a differential screw, so named from the inventor. See under Differential.
HUNTERIAN Hun*te"ri*an, a.
Defn: Discovered or described by John Hunter, an English surgeon; as, the Hunterian chancre. See Chancre.
HUNTING Hunt"ing, n.
Defn: The pursuit of game or of wild animals. A. Smith. Happy hunting grounds, the region to which, according to the belief of American Indians, the souls of warriors and hunters pass after death, to be happy in hunting and feasting. Tylor. -- Hunting box. Same As Hunting lodge (below). -- Hunting cat (Zoöl.), the cheetah. -- Hunting cog (Mach.), a tooth in the larger of two geared wheels which makes its number of teeth prime to the number in the smaller wheel, thus preventing the frequent meeting of the same pairs of teeth. -- Hunting dog (Zoöl.), the hyena dog. -- Hunting ground, a region or district abounding in game; esp. (pl.), the regions roamed over by the North American Indians in search of game. -- Hunting horn, a bulge; a horn used in the chase. See Horn, and Bulge. -- Hunting leopard (Zoöl.), the cheetah. -- Hunting lodge, a temporary residence for the purpose of hunting. -- Hunting seat, a hunting lodge. Gray. -- Hunting shirt, a coarse shirt for hunting, often of leather. -- Hunting spider (Zoöl.), a spider which hunts its prey, instead of catching it in a web; a wolf spider. -- Hunting watch. See Hunter, 6.
HUNTRESS Hunt"ress, n.
Defn: A woman who hunts or follows the chase; as, the huntress Diana. Shak.
HUNTSMAN Hunts"man, n.; pl. Huntsmen (.
1. One who hunts, or who practices hunting.
2. The person whose office it is to manage the chase or to look after the hounds. L'Estrange. Huntsman's cup (Bot.), the sidesaddle flower, or common American pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea).
HUNTSMANSHIP Hunts"man*ship, n.
Defn: The art or practice of hunting, or the qualification of a hunter. Donne.
HUNT'S-UP Hunt's"-up`, n.
Defn: A tune played on the horn very early in the morning to call out the hunters; hence, any arousing sound or call. [Obs.] Shak. Time plays the hunt's-up to thy sleepy head. Drayton.
HURDEN Hur"den, n. Etym: [From Hurds.]
Defn: A coarse kind of linen; -- called also harden. [Prov. Eng.]
HURDLE Hur"dle, n. Etym: [OE. hurdel, hirdel, AS. hyrdel; akin to D. horde, OHG. hurt, G. hürde a hurdle, fold, pen, Icel. hur door, Goth. haúrds, L. cratis wickerwork, hurdle, Gr. k to spin, c to bind, connect. sq. root16. Cf. Crate, Grate, n.]
1. A movable frame of wattled twigs, osiers, or withes and stakes, or sometimes of iron, used for inclosing land, for folding sheep and cattle, for gates, etc.; also, in fortification, used as revetments, and for other purposes.
2. In England, a sled or crate on which criminals were formerly drawn to the place of execution. Bacon.
3. An artificial barrier, variously constructed, over which men or horses leap in a race. Hurdle race, a race in which artificial barriers in the form of hurdles, fences, etc., must be leaped.
HURDLE Hur"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hurdleed; p. pr. & vb. n. Hurdleing.]
Defn: To hedge, cover, make, or inclose with hurdles. Milton.
HURDLEWORK Hur"dle*work`, n.
Defn: Work after manner of a hurdle.
HURDS Hurds, n. Etym: [See Hards.]
Defn: The coarse part of flax or hemp; hards.
HURDY-GURDY Hur"dy-gur`dy, n. Etym: [Prob. of imitative origin.]
1. A stringled instrument, lutelike in shape, in which the sound is produced by the friction of a wheel turned by a crank at the end, instead of by a bow, two of the strings being tuned as drones, while two or more, tuned in unison, are modulated by keys.
2. In California, a water wheel with radial buckets, driven by the impact of a jet.
HURKARU Hur*ka"ru, n. Etym: [Hind. harkara]
Defn: In India, a running footman; a messenger. [Written also hurkaroo.]
HURL Hurl, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hurled; p. pr. & vb. n. Hurling.] Etym: [OE. hurlen, hourlen; prob. contracted fr. OE. hurtlen to hurtle, or probably akin to E. whirl. sq. root16. See Hurtle.]
1. To send whirling or whizzing through the air; to throw with violence; to drive with great force; as, to hurl a stone or lance. And hurl'd them headlong to their fleet and main. Pope.
2. To emit or utter with vehemence or impetuosity; as, to hurl charges or invective. Spenser.
3. Etym: [Cf. Whirl.]
Defn: To twist or turn. "Hurled or crooked feet." [Obs.] Fuller.
HURL Hurl, v. i.
1. To hurl one's self; to go quickly. [R.]
2. To perform the act of hurling something; to throw something (at another). God shall hurl at him and not spare. Job xxvii. 22 (Rev. Ver. ).
3. To play the game of hurling. See Hurling.
HURL Hurl, n.
1. The act of hurling or throwing with violence; a cast; a fling. Congreve.
2. Tumult; riot; hurly-burly. [Obs.] Knolles.
3. (Hat Manuf.)
Defn: A table on which fiber is stirred and mixed by beating with a bowspring.
HURLBAT Hurl"bat`, n.
Defn: See Whirlbat. [Obs.] Holland.
HURLBONE Hurl"bone`, n.
1. See Whirlbone.
2. (Far.)
Defn: A bone near the middle of the buttock of a horse. Crabb.
HURLER Hurl"er, n.
Defn: One who hurls, or plays at hurling.
HURLING Hurl"ing, n.
1. The act of throwing with force.
2. A kind of game at ball, formerly played. Hurling taketh its denomination from throwing the ball. Carew.
HURLWIND Hurl"wind`, n.
Defn: A whirlwind. [Obs.] Sandys.
HURLY Hur"ly, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hurler to howl.]
Defn: Noise; confusion; uproar. That, with the hurly, death itself awakes. Shak.
HURLY-BURLY Hur"ly-bur`ly, n. Etym: [Reduplicated fr. OE. hurly confusion: cf. F. hurler to howl, yell, L. ululare; or cf. E. hurry.]
Defn: Tumult; bustle; confusion. Shak. All places were filled with tumult and hurly-burly. Knolles.
HURONIAN Hu*ro"ni*an, a. Etym: [Named from Lake Huron.] (Geol.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to certain non-fossiliferous rocks on the borders of Lake Huron, which are supposed to correspond in time to the latter part of the Archæan age.
HURON-IROQUOUS Hu"ron-Ir`o*quous", n. (Ethnol.)
Defn: A linguistic group of warlike North American Indians, belonging to the same stock as the Algonquins, and including several tribes, among which were the Five Nations. They formerly occupied the region about Lakes Erie and Ontario, and the larger part of New York.
HURONS Hu"rons, n. pl.
Defn: ; sing. Huron. (Ethnol.) A powerful and warlike tribe of North American Indians of the Algonquin stock. They formerly occupied the country between Lakes Huron, Erie, and Ontario, but were nearly exterminated by the Five Nations about 1650.
HURR Hurr, v. i. Etym: [See Hurry.]
Defn: To make a rolling or burring sound. [Obs.] R is the dog's letter, and hurreth in the sound. B. Jonson.
HURRAH; HURRA Hur*rah" Hur*ra", interj. Etym: [Cf. G., Dan., & Sw. hurra. Cf. Huzza.]
Defn: A word used as a shout of joy, triumph, applause, encouragement, or welcome. Hurrah! hurrah! for Ivry and Henry of Navarre. Macaulay.
HURRAH Hur*rah", n.
Defn: A cheer; a shout of joy, etc. Hurrah's nest, state of utmost confusion. [Colloq. U.S.] A perfect hurrah's nest in our kitchen. Mrs. Stowe.
HURRAH Hur*rah", v. i.
Defn: To utter hurrahs; to huzza.
HURRAH Hur*rah", v. t.
Defn: To salute, or applaud, with hurrahs.
HURRICANE Hur"ri*cane, n. Etym: [Sp. hurracan; orig. a Carib word signifying, a high wind.]
Defn: A violent storm, characterized by extreme fury and sudden changes of the wind, and generally accompanied by rain, thunder, and lightning; -- especially prevalent in the East and West Indies. Also used figuratively. Like the smoke in a hurricane whirl'd. Tennyson. Each guilty thought to me is A dreadful hurricane. Massinger. Hurricane bird (Zoöl.), the frigate bird. -- Hurricane deck. (Naut.) See under Deck.
HURRICANO Hur`ri*ca"no, n.; pl. Hurricanoes.
Defn: A waterspout; a hurricane. [Obs.] Drayton. "You cataracts and hurricanoes, spout." Shak.
HURRIED Hur"ried, a.
1. Urged on; hastened; going or working at speed; as, a hurried writer; a hurried life.
2. Done in a hurry; hence, imperfect; careless; as, a hurried job. "A hurried meeting." Milton. -- Hur"ried*ly, adv. -- Hur"ried*ness, n.
HURRIER Hur"ri*er, n.
Defn: One who hurries or urges.
HURRIES Hur"ries, n.
Defn: A staith or framework from which coal is discharged from cars into vessels.
HURRY Hur"ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hurried; p. pr. & vb. n. Hurrying.] Etym: [OE. horien; cf. OSw. hurra to whirl round, dial. Sw. hurr great haste, Dan. hurre to buzz, Icel. hurr hurly-burly, MHG. hurren to hurry, and E. hurr, whir to hurry; all prob. of imitative origin.]
1. To hasten; to impel to greater speed; to urge on. Impetuous lust hurries him on. South. They hurried him abroad a bark. Shak.
2. To impel to precipitate or thoughtless action; to urge to confused or irregular activity. And wild amazement hurries up and down The little number of your doubtful friends. Shak.
3. To cause to be done quickly.
Syn. -- To hasten; precipitate; expedite; quicken; accelerate; urge.
HURRY Hur"ry, v. i.
Defn: To move or act with haste; to proceed with celerity or precipitation; as, let us hurry. To hurry up, to make haste. [Colloq.]
HURRY Hur"ry, n.
Defn: The act of hurrying in motion or business; pressure; urgency; bustle; confusion. Ambition raises a tumult in the soul, it inflames the mind, and puts into a violent hurry of thought. Addison.
Syn. -- Haste; speed; dispatch. See Haste.
HURRYINGLY Hur"ry*ing*ly, adv.
Defn: In a hurrying manner.
HURRY-SKURRY Hur"ry-skur`ry, adv. Etym: [An imitative word; cf. Sw. skorra to rattle, snarl, E. scurry.]
Defn: Confusedly; in a bustle. [Obs.] Gray.
HURST Hurst, n. Etym: [OE. hurst, AS. hyrst; akin to OHG. hurst, horst, wood, thicket, G. horst the nest of a bird of prey, an eyerie, thicket.]
Defn: A wood or grove; -- a word used in the composition of many names, as in Hazlehurst.
HURT Hurt, n. (Mach.) (a) A band on a trip-hammer helve, bearing the trunnions. (b) A husk. See Husk, 2.
HURT Hurt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hurt; p. pr. & vb. n. Hurting.] Etym: [OE. hurten, hirten, horten, herten; prob. fr. OF. hurter, heurter, to knock, thrust, strike, F. heurter; cf. W. hyrddu to push, drive, assault, hwrdd a stroke, blow, push; also, a ram, the orig. sense of the verb thus perhaps being, to butt as a ram; cf. D. horten to push, strike, MHG. hurten, both prob. fr. Old French.]
1. To cause physical pain to; to do bodily harm to; to wound or bruise painfully. The hurt lion groans within his den. Dryden.
2. To impar the value, usefulness, beauty, or pleasure of; to damage; to injure; to harm. Virtue may be assailed, but never hurt. Milton.
3. To wound the feelings of; to cause mental pain to; to offend in honor or self-respect; to annoy; to grieve. "I am angry and hurt." Thackeray.
HURTER Hurt"er, n.
1. A bodily injury causing pain; a wound, bruise, or the like. The pains of sickness and hurts . . . all men feel. Locke.
2. An injury causing pain of mind or conscience; a slight; a stain; as of sin. But the jingling of the guinea helps the hurt that Honor feels. Tennyson.
3. Injury; damage; detriment; harm; mischief. Thou dost me yet but little hurt. Shak.
Syn. -- Wound; bruise; injury; harm; damage; loss; detriment; mischief; bane; disadvantage.
HURTER Hurt"er, n.
Defn: One who hurts or does harm. I shall not be a hurter, if no helper. Beau. & Fl.
HURTER Hurt"er, n. Etym: [F. heurtoir, lit., a striker. See Hurt, v. t.]
Defn: A butting piece; a strengthening piece, esp.: (Mil.) A piece of wood at the lower end of a platform, designed to prevent the wheels of gun carriages from injuring the parapet.
HURTFUL Hurt"ful, a.
Defn: Tending to impair or damage; injurious; mischievous; occasioning loss or injury; as, hurtful words or conduct.
Syn. -- Pernicious; harmful; baneful; prejudicial; detrimental; disadvantageous; mischievous; injurious; noxious; unwholesome; destructive. -- Hurt"ful*ly, adv. -- Hurt"ful*ness, n.
HURTLE Hur"tle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hurtled; p. pr. & vb. n. Hurtling.] Etym: [OE. hurtlen, freq. of hurten. See Hurt, v. t., and cf. Hurl.]
1. To meet with violence or shock; to clash; to jostle. Together hurtled both their steeds. Fairfax.
2. To move rapidly; to wheel or rush suddenly or with violence; to whirl round rapidly; to skirmish. Now hurtling round, advantage for to take. Spenser. Down the hurtling cataract of the ages. R. L. Stevenson.
3. To make a threatening sound, like the clash of arms; to make a sound as of confused clashing or confusion; to resound. The noise of battle hurtled in the air. Shak. The earthquake sound Hurtling 'death the solid ground. Mrs. Browning.
HURTLE Hur"tle, v. t.
1. To move with violence or impetuosity; to whirl; to brandish. [Obs.] His harmful club he gan to hurtle high. Spenser.
2. To push; to jostle; to hurl. And he hurtleth with his horse adown. Chaucer.
HURTLEBERRY Hur"tle*ber`ry, n. Etym: [Cf. Huckleberry, Whortleberry.]
Defn: See Whortleberry.
HURTLESS Hurt"less, a.
Defn: Doing no injury; harmless; also, unhurt; without injury or harm. Gentle dame so hurtless and so true. Spenser. -- Hurt"less*ly, adv. -- Hurt"less*ness, n.
HUSBAND Hus"band, n. Etym: [OE. hosebonde, husbonde, a husband, the master of the house or family, AS. h master of the house; h house + bunda, bonda, householder, husband; prob. fr. Icel. h house master, husband; h house + b dwelling, inhabiting, p.pr. of b to dwell; akin to AS. b, Goth. bauan. See House Be, and cf. Bond a slave, Boor.]
1. The male head of a household; one who orders the economy of a family. [Obs.]
2. A cultivator; a tiller; a husbandman. [Obs.] Shak. The painful husband, plowing up his ground. Hakewill. He is the neatest husband for curious ordering his domestic and field accommodations. Evelyn.
3. One who manages or directs with prudence and economy; a frugal person; an economist. [R.] God knows how little time is left me, and may I be a good husband, to improve the short remnant left me. Fuller.
4. A married man; a man who has a wife; -- the correlative to wife. The husband and wife are one person in law. Blackstone.
5. The male of a pair of animals. [R.] Dryden. A ship's husband (Naut.), an agent representing the owners of a ship, who manages its expenses and receipts.
HUSBAND Hus"band, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Husbanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Husbanding.]
1. To direct and manage with frugality; to use or employ to good purpose and the best advantage; to spend, apply, or use, with economy. For my means, I'll husband them so well, They shall go far. Shak.
2. To cultivate, as land; to till. [R.] Land so trim and rarely husbanded. Evelyn.
3. To furnish with a husband. [R.] Shak.
HUSBANDABLE Hus"band*a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being husbanded, or managed with economy. Sherwood.
HUSBANDAGE Hus"band*age, n. (Naut.)
Defn: The commission or compensation allowed to a ship's husband.
HUSBANDLESS Hus"band*less, a.
Defn: Destitute of a husband. Shak.
HUSBANDLY Hus"band*ly, a.
Defn: Frugal; thrifty. [R.] Tusser.
HUSBANDMAN Hus"band*man, n.; pl. Husbandmen (.
1. The master of a family. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. A farmer; a cultivator or tiller of the ground.
HUSBANDRY Hus"band*ry, n.
1. Care of domestic affairs; economy; domestic management; thrift. There's husbandry in heaven; Their candles are all out. Shak.
2. The business of a husbandman, comprehending the various branches of agriculture; farming. Husbandry supplieth all things necessary for food. Spenser.
HUSH Hush, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hushed; p. pr. & vb. n. Hushing.] Etym: [OE. huschen, hussen, prob. of imitative origin; cf. LG. hussen to lull to sleep, G. husch quick, make haste, be silent.]
1. To still; to silence; to calm; to make quiet; to repress the noise or clamor of. My tongue shall hush again this storm of war. Shak.
2. To appease; to allay; to calm; to soothe. With thou, then, Hush my cares Otway. And hush'd my deepest grief of all. Tennyson. To hush up, to procure silence concerning; to suppress; to keep secret. "This matter is hushed up." Pope.
HUSH Hush, v. i.
Defn: To become or to keep still or quiet; to become silent; -- esp. used in the imperative, as an exclamation; be still; be silent or quiet; make no noise. Hush, idle words, and thoughts of ill. Keble. But all these strangers' presence every one did hush. Spenser.
HUSH Hush, n.
Defn: Stillness; silence; quiet. [R.] "It is the hush of night." Byron. Hush money, money paid to secure silence, or to prevent the disclosure of facts. Swift.
HUSH Hush, a.
Defn: Silent; quiet. "Hush as death." Shak.
HUSHER Hush"er, n.
Defn: An usher. [Obs.] Spenser.
HUSHING Hush"ing, n. (Mining)
Defn: The process of washing ore, or of uncovering mineral veins, by a heavy discharge of water from a reservoir; flushing; -- also called booming.
HUSK Husk, n. Etym: [Prob. for hulsk, and from the same root as hull a husk. See Hull a husk.]
1. The external covering or envelope of certain fruits or seeds; glume; hull; rind; in the United States, especially applied to the covering of the ears of maize.
2. The supporting frame of a run of millstones. Husks of the prodigal son (Bot.), the pods of the carob tree. See Carob.
HUSK Husk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Husked; p. pr. & vb. n. Husking.]
Defn: To strip off the external covering or envelope of; as, to husk Indian corn.
HUSKED Husked, a.
1. Covered with a husk.
2. Stripped of husks; deprived of husks.
HUSKILY Hus"ki*ly, adv. Etym: [From Husky.]
Defn: In a husky manner; dryly.
HUSKINESS Hus"ki*ness, n.
1. The state of being husky.
2. Roughness of sound; harshness; hoarseness; as, huskiness of voice. G. Eliot.
HUSKING Husk"ing, n.
1. The act or process of stripping off husks, as from Indian corn.
2. A meeting of neighbors or friends to assist in husking maize; -- called also husking bee. [U.S.] "A red ear in the husking." Longfellow.
HUSKY Husk"y, a. Etym: [From Husk, n.]
Defn: Abounding with husks; consisting of husks. Dryden.
HUSKY Hus"ky, a. Etym: [Prob. for husty; cf. OE. host cough, AS. hwosta; akin to D. hoest, G. husten, OHG. huosto, Icel. hosti. See Wheeze.]
Defn: Rough in tone; harsh; hoarse; raucous; as, a husky voice.
HUSO Hu"so, n. Etym: [NL., fr. G. hausen, and E. isin (Zoöl.) (a) A large European sturgeon (Acipenser huso), inhabiting the region of the Black and Caspian Seas. It sometimes attains a length of more than twelve feet, and a weight of two thousand pounds. Called also hausen. (b) The huchen, a large salmon.
HUSSAR Hus*sar", n. Etym: [Hung. huszár, from husz twenty, because under King Matthais I., in the fifteenth century, every twenty houses were to furnish one horse soldier; cf. G. husar, F. houssard, hussard, from the same source.] (Mil.)
Defn: Originally, one of the national cavalry of Hungary and Croatia; now, one of the light cavalry of European armies.
HUSSITE Huss"ite, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
Defn: A follower of John Huss, the Bohemian reformer, who was adjudged a heretic and burnt alive in 1415.
HUSSY Hus"sy, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. huswife.]
1. A housewife or housekeeper. [Obs.]
2. A worthless woman or girl; a forward wench; a jade; -- used as a term of contempt or reproach. Grew.
3. A pert girl; a frolicsome or sportive young woman; -- used jocosely. Goldsmith.
HUSSY Hus"sy, n. Etym: [From Icel. h a case, prob. fr. h house. See House, and cf. Housewife a bag, Huswife a bag.]
Defn: A case or bag. See Housewife, 2.
HUSTINGS Hus"tings, n. pl. Etym: [OE. husting an assembly, coucil, AS. h; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. h; h home + thing, assembly, meeting; akin to Dan. & Sw. ting, E. thing. See House, and Thing.]
1. A court formerly held in several cities of England; specif., a court held in London, before the lord mayor, recorder, and sheriffs, to determine certain classes of suits for the recovery of lands within the city. In the progress of law reform this court has become unimportant. Mozley & W.
2. Any one of the temporary courts held for the election of members of the British Parliament.
3. The platform on which candidates for Parliament formerly stood in addressing the electors. [Eng.] When the rotten hustings shake In another month to his brazen lies. Tennyson.
HUSTLE Hus"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hustled; p. pr. & vb. n. Hustling.] Etym: [D. hustelen to shake, fr. husten to shake. Cf. Hotchpotch.]
Defn: To shake together in confusion; to push, jostle, or crowd rudely; to handle roughly; as, to hustle a person out of a room. Macaulay.
HUSTLE Hus"tle, v. i.
Defn: To push or crows; to force one's way; to move hustily and with confusion; a hurry. Leaving the king, who had hustled along the floor with his dress worfully arrayed. Sir W. Scott.
HUSWIFE Hus"wife, n. Etym: [OE. huswif; hus house + wif wife. Cf. Hussy a housewife, Housewife.] [Written also housewife.]
1. A female housekeeper; a woman who manages domestic affairs; a thirfty woman. "The bounteous huswife Nature." Shak. The huswife is she that do labor doth fall. Tusser.
2. A worthless woman; a hussy. [Obs.] Shak.
3. Etym: [See Hussy a bag.]
Defn: A case for sewing materials. See Housewife. Cowper.
HUSWIFE Hus"wife, v. t.
Defn: To manage with frugality; -- said of a woman. Dryden.
HUSWIFELY Hus"wife*ly, a.
Defn: Like a huswife; capable; economical; prudent. -- adv.
Defn: In a huswifely manner.
HUSWIFERY Hus"wife*ry, n.
Defn: The business of a housewife; female domestic economy and skill. Tusser.
HUT Hut, n. Etym: [OE. hotte; akin to D. hut, G. hütte, OHG. hutta, Dan. hytte, Sw. hydda; and F. hutte, of G. origin; all akin to E. hide to conceal. See Hude to conceal.]
Defn: A small house, hivel, or cabin; a mean lodge or dwelling; a slightly built or temporary structure. Death comes on with equal footsteps To the hall and hut. Bp. Coxe.
HUTCH Hutch, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Hutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hutting.]
Defn: To place in huts; to live in huts; as, to hut troops in winter quarters. The troops hutted among the heights of Morristown. W. Irving.
HUTCH Hutch, n. Etym: [OE. hucche, huche, hoche, F. huche, LL. hutica.]
1. A chest, box, coffer, bin, coop, or the like, in which things may be stored, or animals kept; as, a grain hutch; a rabbit hutch.
2. A measure of two Winchester bushels.
3. (Mining)
Defn: The case of a flour bolt.
4. (Mining) (a) A car on low wheels, in which coal is drawn in the mine and hoisted out of the pit. (b) A jig for washing ore. Bolting hutch, Booby hutch, etc. See under Bolting, etc.
HUTCH Hutch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hutched; p. pr. & vb. n. Hutching.]
1. To hoard or lay up, in a chest. [R.] "She hutched the . . . ore." Milton.
2. (Mining)
Defn: To wash (ore) in a box or jig.
HUTCHUNSONIAN Hutch`un*so"ni*an, n.
Defn: A follower of John Hutchinson of Yorkshire, England, who believed that the Hebrew Scriptures contained a complete system of natural science and of theology.
HUTTONIAN Hut*to"ni*an, a.
Defn: Relating to what is now called the Plutonic theory of the earth, first advanced by Dr. James Hutton. Lyell.
HUTTONING Hut"ton*ing, n. [So named after two English bonesetters, Richard and Robert Hutton, who made it a part of their method.] (Med.)
Defn: Forcible manipulation of a dislocated, stiff, or painful joint.
HUXTER Hux"ter, n. & v. i.
Defn: See Huckster.
HUYGHENIAN Huy*ghe"ni*an, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or invented by, Christian Huyghens, a Dutch astronomer of the seventeenth century; as, the Huyghenian telescope. Huyghenian eyepieceSee under Eyepiece.
HUZZ Huzz, v. i. Etym: [An onomatopoea. sq. root43. Cf. Buzz.]
Defn: To buzz; to murmur. [Obs.] Huzzing and burring in the preacher's ear. Latimer.
HUZZA Huz*za", interj. Etym: [Cf. G. hussa, husa, interj., hurrah, huzza. sq. root43. Cf. Hurrah.]
Defn: A word used as a shout of joy, exultation, approbation, or encouragement.
HUZZA Huz"za, n.
Defn: A shout of huzza; a cheer; a hurrah. They made a great huzza or shout. Evelyn.
HUZZA Huz*za", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Huzzaed; p. pr. & vb. n. Huzzaing.]
Defn: To shout huzza; to cheer.
HUZZA Huz*za", v. t.
Defn: To receive or attend with huzzas. He was huzzaed into the court. Addison.
HY Hy, a.
Defn: High. [Obs.] Chaucer.
HYACINE Hy"a*cine, n.
Defn: A hyacinth. [Obs.] Spenser.
HYACINTH Hy"a*cinth, n. Etym: [L. hyacinthus a kind of flower, prob. the iris, gladiolus, or larkspur, also a kind of gem, perh. the sapphire; as, a proper name, Hyacinthus, a beautiful Laconian youth, beloved by Apollo, fr. Gr. hyacinthe. Cf. Jacinth. The hyacinth was fabled to have sprung from the blood of Hyacinthus, who was accidentally slain by Apollo.]
1. (Bot.) (a) A bulbous plant of the genus Hyacinthus, bearing beautiful spikes of fragrant flowers. H. orientalis is a common variety. (b) A plant of the genus Camassia (C. Farseri), called also Eastern camass; wild hyacinth. (c) The name also given to Scilla Peruviana, a Mediterranean plant, one variety of which produces white, and another blue, flowers; -- called also, from a mistake as to its origin, Hyacinth of Peru.
2. (Min.)
Defn: A red variety of zircon, sometimes used as a gem. See Zircon. Hyacinth bean (Bot.), a climbing leguminous plant (Dolichos Lablab), related to the true bean. It has dark purple flowers and fruit.
HYACINTHIAN Hy`a*cin"thi*an, a.
Defn: Hyacinthine. [R.]
HYACINTHINE Hy`a*cin"thine, a. Etym: [L. hyacinthinus, Gr.
Defn: Belonging to the hyacinth; resemblingthe hyacinth; in color like the hyacinth. Milton. His curling locks like hyacinthine flowers. Cowper. The hyacinthine boy, for whom Morn well might break and April bloom. Emerson.
HYADES; HYADS Hy"a*des, Hy"ads, n.pl. Etym: [L. Hyades, Gr. (Astron.)
Defn: A cluster of five stars in the face of the constellation Taurus, supposed by the ancients to indicate the coming of rainy weather when they rose with the sun. Thro' scudding drifts the rainy Hyaned Vext the dim sea. Tennyson.
HYAENA Hy*æ"na, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Same as Hyena.
HYALEA Hy*a"le*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A pteroid of the genus Cavolina. See Pteropoda, and Illustration in Appendix.
HYALESCENCE Hy`a*les"cence, n. Etym: [See Hyaline.]
Defn: The process of becoming, or the state of being, transparent like glass.
HYALINE Hy"a*line, a. Etym: [L. hyalinus, Gr. hyalin.]
Defn: Glassy; resembling glass; consisting of glass; transparent, like crystal. "Hyaline spaces." Carpenter.
HYALINE Hy"a*line, n.
1. A poetic term for the sea or the atmosphere. "The clear hyaline, the glassy sea." Milton. Our blood runs amazed 'neath the calm hyaline. Mrs. Browning.
2. (Biol.)
Defn: The pellucid substance, present in cells in process of development, from which, according to some embryologists, the cell nucleous originates.
3. (Physiol. Chem.)
Defn: The main constituent of the walls of hydatid cysts; a nitrogenous body, which, by decomposition, yields a dextrogyrate sugar, susceptible of alcoholic fermentation. Gamgee.
HYALITE Hy"a*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. hyalite.] (Min.)
Defn: A pellucid variety of opal in globules looking like colorless gum or resin; -- called also Müller's glass.
HYALOGRAPH Hy*al"o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. graph.]
Defn: An instrument for tracing designs on glass.
HYALOGRAPHY Hy`a*log"ra*phy, n.
Defn: Art of writing or engraving on glass.
HYALOID Hy"a*loid, a. Etym: [Gr. hyaloïde.] (Anat.)
Defn: Resembling glass; vitriform; transparent; hyaline; as, the hyaloid membrane, a very delicate membrane inclosing the vitreous humor of the eye.
HYALONEMA Hy`a*lo*ne"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of hexactinelline sponges, having a long stem composed of very long, slender, transparent, siliceous fibres twisted together like the strands of a color. The stem of the Japanese species (H. Sieboldii), called glass-rope, has long been in use as an ornament. See Glass-rope.
HYALOPHANE Hy*al"o*phane, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)
Defn: A species of the feldspar group containing barium. See Feldspar.
HYALOSPONGIA Hy`a*lo*spon"gi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: An order of vitreous sponges, having glassy six-rayed, siliceous spicules; -- called also Hexactinellinæ.
HYALOTYPE Hy*al"o*type, n. Etym: [Gr. -type.]
Defn: A photographic picture copied from the negative on glass; a photographic transparency. R. Hunt.
HYBERNACLE; HYBERNATE; HYBERNATION Hy*ber"na*cle, Hy"ber*nate, Hy`ber*na"tion.
Defn: See Hibernacle, Hibernate, Hibernation.
HYBLAEAN Hy*blæ"an, a. Etym: [L. Hyblaeus.]
Defn: Pertaining to Hybla, an ancient town of Sicily, famous for its bees.
HYBODONT Hyb"o*dont, a. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, an extinct genus of sharks (Hybodus), especially in the form of the teeth, which consist of a principal median cone with smaller lateral ones.
HYBODUS Hyb"o*dus, n. Etym: [NL. See Hybodont.] (Paleon.)
Defn: An extinct genus of sharks having conical, compressed teeth.
HYBRID Hy"brid, n. Etym: [L. hybrida, hibrida, prob. allied to Gr. over: cf. F. hybride.] (Biol.)
Defn: The offspring of the union of two distinct species; an animal or plant produced from the mixture of two species. See Mongrel.
HYBRID Hy"brid, a.
Defn: Produced from the mixture of two species; as, plants of hybrid nature.
HYBRIDISM Hy"brid*ism, n.
Defn: The state or quality of being hybrid.
HYBRIDIST Hy"brid*ist, n.
Defn: One who hybridizes.
HYBRIDITY Hy*brid"i*ty, n.
Defn: Hybridism.
HYBRIDIZABLE Hy"brid*i`za*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of forming a hybrid, or of being subjected to a hybridizing process; capable of producing a hybrid by union with another species or stock. Hybridizable genera are rarer than is generally supposed, even in gardens where they are so often operated upon, under circumstances most favorable to the production of hybrids. J. D. Hooker.
HYBRIDIZATION Hy`brid*i*za"tion, n.
Defn: The act of hybridizing, or the state of being hybridized.
HYBRIDIZE Hy"brid*i`ze, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hybridized; p. pr. & vb. n. Hybridizing.]
Defn: To render hybrid; to produce by mixture of stocks.
HYBRIDIZER Hy"brid*i`zer, n.
Defn: One who hybridizes.
HYBRIDOUS Hy"brid*ous, a.
Defn: Same as Hybrid.
HYDAGE Hyd"age, n. (Law)
Defn: A land tax. See Hidage.
HYDANTOIC Hy`dan*to"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, hydantoin. See Glycoluric.
HYDANTOIN Hy*dan"to*in, n. Etym: [Hydrogen + allantion.] (Chem.)
Defn: A derivative of urea, C3H4N2O2, obtained from allantion, as a white, crystalline substance, with a sweetish taste; -- called also glycolyl urea.
HYDATID Hy"da*tid, n. Etym: [Gr. "y`dwr, "y`datos, water: cf. F. hydatide.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A membranous sac or bladder filled with a pellucid fluid, found in various parts of the bodies of animals, but unconnected with the tissues. It is usually formed by parasitic worms, esp. by larval tapeworms, as Echinococcus and Coenurus. See these words in the Vocabulary. Hydatid of Morgagni (Anat.), one of the small pedunculated bodies found between the testicle and the head of the epididymis, and supposed to be a remnant of the Müllerian duct.
HYDATIFORM Hy*dat"i*form, a. Etym: [Hydatid + -form.]
Defn: Resembling a hydatid.
HYDATOID Hy"da*toid, a. Etym: [Gr. "y`dwr, "y`datos, water + -oid.] (Anat.)
Defn: Resembling water; watery; aqueous; hyaloid.
HYDR- Hy"dr-
Defn: . See under Hydro-.
HYDRA Hy"dra, n.; pl. E. Hydras, L. Hydræ. Etym: [L. hydra, Gr. "y`dra; akin to "y`dwr water. See Otter the animal, Water.]
1. (Class. Myth.)
Defn: A serpent or monster in the lake or marsh of Lerna, in the Peloponnesus, represented as having many heads, one of which, when cut off, was immediately succeeded by two others, unless the wound was cauterized. It was slain by Hercules. Hence, a terrible monster. Gorgons, and Hydras, and Chimeras dire. Milton.
2. Hence: A multifarious evil, or an evil having many sources; not to be overcome by a single effort.
3. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any small fresh-water hydroid of the genus Hydra, usually found attached to sticks, stones, etc., by a basal sucker.
Note: The body is a simple tube, having a mouth at one extremity, surrounded by a circle of tentacles with which it captures its prey. Young hydras bud out from the sides of the older ones, but soon become detached and are then like their parent. Hydras are remarkable for their power of repairing injuries; for if the body be divided in pieces, each piece will grow into a complete hydra, to which fact the name alludes. The zooids or hydranths of marine hydroids are sometimes called hydras.
4. (Astron.)
Defn: A southern constellation of great length lying southerly from Cancer, Leo, and Virgo.
HYDRACHNID Hy*drach"nid, n. Etym: [Hydr- + arachnid.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: An aquatic mite of the genus Hydrachna. The hydrachids, while young, are parasitic on fresh-water mussels.
HYDRACID Hy*drac"id, n. Etym: [Hydr- + acid: cf. F. hydracide.] (Chem.)
Defn: An acid containing hydrogen; -- sometimes applied to distinguish acids like hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, and the like, which contain no oxygen, from the oxygen acids or oxacids. See Acid.
HYDRACRYLIC Hy`dra*cryl"ic, a. Etym: [Hydr- + acrylic.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an isomeric variety of lastic acid that breaks down into acrylic acid and water.
HYDRACTINIAN Hy`drac*tin"i*an, n. Etym: [See Hydra, and Actinia.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any species or marine hydroids, of the genus Hydractinia and allied genera. These hydroids form, by their rootstalks, a firm, chitinous coating on shells and stones, and esp. on spiral shells occupied by hermit crabs. See Illust. of Athecata.
HYDRAEMIA Hy*dræ"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + (Med.)
Defn: An abnormally watery state of the blood; anæmia.
HYDRAGOGUE Hy"dra*gogue, a. Etym: [L. hydragogus conveying off water, Gr. "y`dwr water + hydragogue.] (Med.)
Defn: Causing a discharge of water; expelling serum effused into any part of the body, as in dropsy. -- n.
Defn: A hydragogue medicine, usually a cathartic or diuretic.
HYDRAMIDE Hy*dram"ide, n. Etym: [Hydr- + -amide.] (Chem.)
Defn: One of a group of crystalline bodies produced by the action of ammonia on certain aldehydes.
HYDRAMINE Hy*dram"ine, n. Etym: [Hydroxyl + amine.] (Chem.)
Defn: One of a series of artificial, organic bases, usually produced as thick viscous liquids by the action of ammonia on ethylene oxide. They have the properties both of alcohol and amines.
HYDRANGEA Hy*dran"ge*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + hydrangée.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of shrubby plants bearing opposite leaves and large heads of showy flowers, white, or of various colors. H. hortensis, the common garden species, is a native of China or Japan.
HYDRANT Hy"drant, n. Etym: [Gr. "y`dwr water. See Hydra.]
Defn: A discharge pipe with a valve and spout at which water may be drawn from the mains of waterworks; a water plug.
HYDRANTH Hy"dranth, n. Etym: [Hydra + Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the nutritive zooids of a hydroid colony. Also applied to the proboscis or manubrium of a hydroid medusa. See Illust. of Hydroidea.
HYDRARGOCHLORIDE Hy*drar"go*chlo"ride, n. Etym: [Hydrargyrum + chloride.] (Chem.)
Defn: A compound of the bichloride of mercury with another chloride. [Obs.]
HYDRARGYRATE Hy*drar"gy*rate, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to mercury; containing, or impregnated with, mercury. [R.]
HYDRARGYRISM Hy*drar"gy*rism, n. (Med.)
Defn: A diseased condition produced by poisoning with hydrargyrum, or mercury; mercurialism.
HYDRARGYRUM Hy*drar"gy*rum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. hydrargyrus, Gr. (Chem.)
Defn: Quicksilver; mercury.
HYDRARTHROSIS Hy`drar*thro"sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Hydro-, 1, and Arthrosis.] (Med.)
Defn: An effusion of watery liquid into the cavity of a joint.
HYDRASTINE Hy*dras"tine, n. (Chem.)
Defn: An alkaloid, found in the rootstock of the golden seal (Hydrastis Canadensis), and extracted as a bitter, white, crystalline substance. It is used as a tonic and febrifuge.
HYDRA-TAINTED Hy"dra-taint`ed, a.
Defn: Dipped in the gall of the fabulous hydra; poisonous; deadly. Cowper.
HYDRATE Hy"drate, n. Etym: [Gr. "y`dwr water: cf. F. hydrate.] (Chem.) (a) A compound formed by the union of water with some other substance, generally forming a neutral body, as certain crystallized salts. (b) A substance which does not contain water as such, but has its constituents (hydrogen, oxygen, hydroxyl) so arranged that water may be eliminated; hence, a derivative of, or compound with, hydroxyl; hydroxide; as, ethyl hydrate, or common alcohol; calcium hydrate, or slaked lime.
HYDRATE Hy"drate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hydrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Hydrating.]
Defn: To form into a hydrate; to combine with water.
HYDRATED Hy"dra*ted, a.
Defn: Formed into a hydrate; combined with water.
HYDRATION Hy*dra"tion, n. (Chem.)
Defn: The act of becoming, or state of being, a hydrate. Water of hydration (Chem.), water chemically combined with some substance to form a hydrate; -- distinguished from water of crystallization.
HYDRAULIC Hy*drau"lic, a. Etym: [F. hydraulique, L. hydraulicus, fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + Hydra.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to hydraulics, or to fluids in motion; conveying, or acting by, water; as, an hydraulic clock, crane, or dock. Hydraulic accumulator, an accumulator for hydraulic machinery of any kind. See Accumulator, 2. -- Hydraulic brake, a cataract. See Cataract, 3. -- Hydraulic cement, a cement or mortar made of hydraulic lime, which will harden under water. -- Hydraulic elevator, a lift operated by the weight or pressure of water. -- Hydraulic jack. See under Jack. -- Hydraulic lime, quicklime obtained from hydraulic limestone, and used for cementing under water, etc. -- Hydraulic limestone, a limestone which contains some clay, and which yields a quicklime that will set, or form a firm, strong mass, under water. -- Hydraulic main (Gas Works), a horizontal pipe containing water at the bottom into which the ends of the pipes from the retorts dip, for passing the gas through water in order to remove ammonia. -- Hydraulic mining, a system of mining in which the force of a jet of water is used to wash down a bank of gold-bearing gravel or earth. [Pacific Coast] -- Hydraulic press, a hydrostatic press. See under Hydrostatic. -- Hydraulic propeller, a device for propelling ships by means of a stream of water ejected under water rearward from the ship. -- Hydraulic ram, a machine for raising water by means of the energy of the moving water of which a portion is to be raised. When the rush of water through the main pipe d shuts the valve at a, the momentum of the current thus suddenly checked forces part of it into the air chamber b, and up the pipe c, its return being prevented by a valve at the entrance to the air chamber, while the dropping of the valve a by its own weight allows another rush through the main pipe, and so on alternately. -- Hydraulic valve. (Mach.) (a) A valve for regulating the distribution of water in the cylinders of hydraulic elevators, cranes, etc. (b) (Gas Works) An inverted cup with a partition dipping into water, for opening or closing communication between two gas mains, the open ends of which protrude about the water.
HYDRAULICAL Hy*drau"lic*al, a.
Defn: Hydraulic.
HYDRAULICON Hy*drau"li*con, n. Etym: [NL. See Hydraulic.] (Mus.)
Defn: An ancient musical instrument played by the action of water; a water organ. [Written also hydraulis.]
HYDRAULICS Hy*drau"lics, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hydraulique.]
Defn: That branch of science, or of engineering, which treats of fluids in motion, especially of water, its action in rivers and canals, the works and machinery for conducting or raising it, its use as a prime mover, and the like.
Note: As a science, hydraulics includes hydrodynamics, or the principles of mechanics applicable to the motion of water; as a branch of engineering, it consists in the practical application of the mechanics of fluids to the control and management of water with reference to the wants of man, including canals, waterworks, hydraulic machines, pumps, water wheels, etc. Some writers treat hydraulics and hydrostatics as subdivisions of hydrodynamics.
HYDRAZINE Hy"dra*zine, n. Etym: [Hydr- + azo- + -ine.] (Chem.)
Defn: Any one of a series of nitrogenous bases, resembling the amines and produced by the reduction of certain nitroso and diazo compounds; as, methyl hydrazine, phenyl hydrazine, etc. They are derivatives of hydrazine proper, H2N.NH2, which is a doubled amido group, recently (1887) isolated as a stable, colorless gas, with a peculiar, irritating odor. As a base it forms distinct salts. Called also diamide, amidogen, (or more properly diamidogen), etc.
HYDRENCEPHSLOID Hy"dren*ceph"s*loid, a. Etym: [Hydrencephalus + -oid.] (Med.)
Defn: Same as Hydrocephaloid.
HYDRIA Hy"dri*a, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)
Defn: A water jar; esp., one with a large rounded body, a small neck, and three handles. Some of the most beautiful Greek vases are of this form.
HYDRIAD Hy"dri*ad, n. Etym: [Gr. "y`dwr water.] (Myth.)
Defn: A water nymph.
HYDRIC Hy"dric, a. Etym: [From Hydrogen.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, hydrogen; as, hydric oxide. Hydric dioxide. (Chem.) See Hydrogen dioxide, under Hydrogen. -- Hydric oxide (Chem.), water. -- Hydric sulphate (Chem.), hydrogen sulphate or sulphuric acid.
HYDRIDE Hy"dride, n. Etym: [Hydr- + ide.] (Chem.)
Defn: A compound of the binary type, in which hydrogen is united with some other element.
HYDRIFORM Hy"dri*form, a. Etym: [Hydra + -form.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having the form or structure of a hydra.
HYDRINA Hy*dri"na, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Hydra.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The group of hydroids to which the fresh-water hydras belong.
HYDRIODATE Hy*dri"o*date, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hydriodate.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Same as Hydriodide.
HYDRIODIC Hy`dri*od"ic, a. Etym: [Hydr- + iodic: cf. F. hydriodique.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, hydrogen and iodine; -- said of an acid produced by the combination of these elements. Hydriodic acid (Chem.), a pungent, colorless gas, HI, usually prepared as a solution in water. It is strong reducing agent. Called also hydrogen iodine.
HYDRIODIDE Hy*dri"o*dide, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A compound of hydriodic acid with a base; -- distinguished from an iodide, in which only the iodine combines with the base.
HYDRO-; HYDR- Hy"dro-, Hy"dr-.
1. A combining form from Gr. Hydra).
2. (Chem.)
Defn: A combining form of hydrogen, indicating hydrogen as an ingredient, as hydrochloric; or a reduction product obtained by hydrogen, as hydroquinone.
HYDRO-AEROPLANE Hy"dro-a"ër*o*plane`. (Aëronautics)
Defn: An aëroplane with a boatlike or other understructure that enables it to travel on, or to rise from the surface of, a body of water by its own motive power.
HYDROBAROMETER Hy`dro*ba*rom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + barometer.]
Defn: An instrument for determining the depth of the sea water by its pressure.
HYDROBILIRUBIN Hy`dro*bil`i*ru"bin, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + bilirubin.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Defn: A body formed from bilirubin, identical with urobilin.
HYDROBIPLANE Hy"dro*bi"plane, n.
Defn: A hydro-aëroplane having two supporting planes.
HYDROBRANCHIATA Hy`dro*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + (Zoöl.)
Defn: An extensive artificial division of gastropod mollusks, including those that breathe by gills, as contrasted with the Pulmonifera. -- Hy`dro*bran"chi*ate, a.
HYDROBROMATE Hy`dro*bro"mate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: Same as Hydrobromide.
HYDROBROMIC Hy`dro*bro"mic, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + bromic.] (Chem.)
Defn: Composed of hydrogen and bromine; as, hydrobromic acid. Hydrobromic acid (Chem.), a colorless, pungent, corrosive gas, HBr, usually collected as a solution in water. It resembles hydrochloric acid, but is weaker and less stable. Called also hydrogen bromide.
HYDROBROMIDE Hy`dro*bro"mide, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A compound of hydrobromic acid with a base; -- distinguished from a bromide, in which only the bromine unites with the base.
HYDROCARBON Hy`dro*car"bon, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + carbon.] (Chem.)
Defn: A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon, as methane, benzene, etc.; also, by extension, any of their derivatives. Hydrocarbon burner, furnace, stove, a burner, furnace, or stove with which liquid fuel, as petroleum, is used.
HYDROCARBONACEOUS Hy`dro*car`bo*na"ceous, a.
Defn: Of the nature, or containing, hydrocarbons.
HYDROCARBONATE Hy`dro*car"bon*ate, n. (a) (Old Chem.) A hydrocarbon. [Obs.] (b) (Chem.) A hydrous carbonate, as malachite.
HYDROCARBOSTYRIL Hy`dro*car`bo*sty"ril, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + carbostyril.] (Chem.)
Defn: A white, crystalline, nitrogenous hydrocarbon, C9H9NO, obtained from certain derivatives of cinnamic acid and closely related to quinoline and carbostyril.
HYDROCARBURET Hy`dro*car"bu*ret, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + carburet.] (Chem.)
Defn: Carbureted hydrogen; also, a hydrocarbon. [Obs.]
HYDROCAULUS Hy`dro*cau"lus, n.; pl. Hydrocauli. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + (Zoöl.)
Defn: The hollow stem of a hydroid, either simple or branched. See Illust. of Gymnoblastea and Hydroidea.
HYDROCELE Hy`dro*cele, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + (Med.)
Defn: A collection of serous fluid in the areolar texture of the scrotum or in the coverings, especially in the serous sac, investing the testicle or the spermatic cord; dropsy of the testicle.
HYDROCEPHALIC Hy`dro*ce*phal"ic, a.
Defn: Relating to, or connected with, hydrocephalus, or dropsy of the brain.
HYDROCEPHALOID Hy`dro*ceph"a*loid, a. Etym: [Hydrocephalus + -oid.] (Med.)
Defn: Resembling hydrocephalus. Hydrocephaloid affection (Med.), the group of symptoms which follow exhausting diarrhea in young children, resembling those of acute hydrocephalus, or tubercular meningitis.
HYDROCEPHALOUS Hy`dro*ceph"a*lous, a.
Defn: Having hydrocephalus. "Hydrocephalous offspring." G. Eliot.
HYDROCEPHALUS Hy`dro*ceph"a*lus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + (Med.)
Defn: An accumulation of liquid within the cavity of the cranium, especially within the ventricles of the brain; dropsy of the brain. It is due usually to tubercular meningitis. When it occurs in infancy, it often enlarges the head enormously.
HYDROCHLORATE Hy`dro*chlo"rate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: Same as Hydrochloride.
HYDROCHLORIC Hy`dro*chlo"ric, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + hloric: cf. F. hydrochlorique.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or compounded of, chlorine and hydrogen gas; as, hydrochloric acid; chlorhydric. Hydrochloric acid (Chem.), hydrogen chloride; a colorless, corrosive gas, HCl, of pungent, suffocating odor. It is made in great quantities in the soda process, by the action of sulphuric acid on common salt. It has a great affinity for water, and the commercial article is a strong solution of the gas in water. It is a typical acid, and is an indispensable agent in commercial and general chemical work. Called also muriatic, and chlorhydric, acid.
HYDROCHLORIDE Hy`dro*chlo"ride, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A compound of hydrochloric acid with a base; -- distinguished from a chloride, where only chlorine unites with the base.
HYDROCORALLIA Hy`dro*co*ral"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Hydra, and Coral.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A division of Hydroidea, including those genera that secrete a stony coral, as Millepora and Stylaster. Two forms of zooids in life project from small pores in the coral and resemble those of other hydroids. See Millepora.
HYDROCYANATE Hy`dro*cy"a*nate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: See Hydrocyanide.
HYDROCYANIC Hy`dro*cy*an"ic, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + anic: cf. F. hydrocyanique.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from the combination of, hydrogen and cyanogen. Hydrocyanic acid (Chem.), a colorless, mobile, volatile liquid, HCN, having a characteristic peach-blossom odor. It is one of the most deadly poisons. It is made by the action of sulphuric acid on yellow prussiate of potassium (potassium ferrocyanide), and chemically resembles hydrochloric and hydrobromic acids. Called also prussic acid, hydrogen cyanide, etc.
HYDROCYANIDE Hy`dro*cy"a*nide, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A compound of hydrocyanic acid with a base; -- distinguished from a cyanide, in which only the cyanogen so combines.
HYDRODYNAMIC; HYDRODYNAMICAL Hy`dro*dy*nam"ic, Hy`dro*dy*nam"ic*al, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + dynamic, -ical: cf. F. hydrodynamique.]
Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, the dynamical action of water of a liquid; of or pertaining to water power. Hydrodynamic friction, friction produced by the viscosity of a liquid in motion.
HYDRODYNAMICS Hy`dro*dy*nam"ics, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + dynamics: cf. F. hydrodynamique.]
Defn: That branch of the science of mechanics which relates to fluids, or, as usually limited, which treats of the laws of motion and action of nonelastic fluids, whether as investigated mathematically, or by observation and experiment; the principles of dynamics, as applied to water and other fluids.
Note: The word is sometimes used as a general term, including both hydrostatics and hydraulics, together with pneumatics and acoustics. See Hydraulics.
HYDRODYNAMOMETER Hy`dro*dy`na*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + dynamometer.]
Defn: An instrument to measure the velocity of a liquid current by the force of its impact.
HYDRO-ELECTRIC Hy`dro-e*lec"tric, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + electric.]
Defn: Pertaining to, employed in, or produced by, the evolution of electricity by means of a battery in which water or steam is used. Hydro-electric machine (Physics), an apparatus invented by Sir William Armstrong of England for generating electricity by the escape of high-pressure steam from a series of jets connected with a strong boiler, in which the steam is produced.
HYDRO-EXTRACTOR Hy`dro-ex*tract"or, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + extractor.]
Defn: An apparatus for drying anything, as yarn, cloth, sugar, etc., by centrifugal force; a centrifugal.
HYDROFERRICYANIC Hy`dro*fer`ri*cy*an"ic, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + ferricyanic.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, or obtained from, hydrogen, ferric iron, and cyanogen; as, hydroferricyanic acid. See Ferricyanic.
HYDROFERROCYANIC Hy`dro*fer`ro*cy*an"ic, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + ferrocyanic.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, or obtained from, hydrogen, ferrous iron, and cyanogen; as, hydroferrocyanic acid. See Ferrocyanic.
HYDROFLUATE Hy`dro*flu"ate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A supposed compound of hydrofluoris acid and a base; a fluoride. [Archaic]
HYDROFLUORIC Hy`dro*flu*or"ic, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + fluoric.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, hydrogen and fluorine; fluohydric; as, hydrofluoric acid. Hydrofluoric acid (Chem.), a colorless, mobile, volatile liquid, HF, very corrosive in its action, and having a strong, pungent, suffocating odor. It is produced by the action of sulphuric acid on fluorite, and is usually collected as a solution in water. It attacks all silicates, as glass or porcelain, is the agent employed in etching glass, and is preserved only in vessels of platinum, lead, caoutchouc, or gutta-percha.
HYDROFLUOSILICATE Hy`dro*flu`o*sil"i*cate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of hydrofluosilic acid; a silicofluoride. See Silicofluoride.
HYDROFLUOSILICIC Hy`dro*flu`o*si*lic"ic, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + fluorine + silicic.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or denoting, a compound consisting of a double fluoride of hydrogen and silicon; silicofluoric. See Silicofluoric.
HYDROGALVANIC Hy`dro*gal*van"ic, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + galvanic.]
Defn: Pertaining to, produced by, or consisting of, electricity evolved by the action or use of fluids; as, hydrogalvanic currents. [R.]
HYDROGEN Hy"dro*gen, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + -gen: cf. F. hydrogène. So called because water is generated by its combustion. See Hydra.] (Chem.)
Defn: A gaseous element, colorless, tasteless, and odorless, the lightest known substance, being fourteen and a half times lighter than air (hence its use in filling balloons), and over eleven thousand times lighter than water. It is very abundant, being an ingredient of water and of many other substances, especially those of animal or vegetable origin. It may by produced in many ways, but is chiefly obtained by the action of acids (as sulphuric) on metals, as zinc, iron, etc. It is very inflammable, and is an ingredient of coal gas and water gas. It is standard of chemical equivalents or combining weights, and also of valence, being the typical monad. Symbol H. Atomic weight 1.
Note: Although a gas, hydrogen is chemically similar to the metals in its nature, having the properties of a weak base. It is, in all acids, the base which is replaced by metals and basic radicals to form salts. Like all other gases, it is condensed by great cold and pressure to a liquid which freezes and solidifies by its own evaporation. It is absorbed in large quantities by certain metals (esp. palladium), forming alloy-like compounds; hence, in view of quasi-metallic nature, it is sometimes called hydrogenium. It is the typical reducing agent, as opposed to oxidizers, as oxygen, chlorine, etc. Bicarbureted hydrogen, an old name for ethylene. -- Carbureted hydrogen gas. See under Carbureted. -- Hydrogen dioxide, a thick, colorless liquid, H2O2, resembling water, but having a bitter, sour taste, produced by the action of acids on barium peroxide. It decomposes into water and oxygen, and is manufactured in large quantities for an oxidizing and bleaching agent. Called also oxygenated water. -- Hydrogen oxide, a chemical name for water, H -- Hydrogen sulphide, a colorless inflammable gas, H2S, having the characteristic odor of bad eggs, and found in many mineral springs. It is produced by the action of acids on metallic sulphides, and is an important chemical reagent. Called also sulphureted hydrogen.
HYDROGENATE Hy"dro*gen*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hydrogenated; p. pr. & vb. n. Hydrogenating.] (Chem.)
Defn: To hydrogenize.
HYDROGENATION Hy`dro*gen*a"tion, n. (Chem.)
Defn: The act of combining with hydrogen, or the state of being so combined.
HYDROGENIDE Hy"dro*gen*ide, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A binary compound containing hydrogen; a hydride. [R.] See Hydride.
HYDROGENIUM Hy`dro*ge"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Hydrogen.] (Chem.)
Defn: Hydrogen; -- called also in view of its supposed metallic nature. Graham.
HYDROGENIZE Hy"dro*gen*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hydrogenized; p. pr. & vb. n. Hydrogenizing.] (Chem.)
Defn: To combine with hydrogen; to treat with, or subject to the action of, hydrogen; to reduce; -- contrasted with oxidize.
HYDROGENOUS Hy*drog"e*nous, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to hydrogen; containing hydrogen.
HYDROGNOSY Hy*drog"no*sy, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + Gr.
Defn: A treatise upon, or a history and description of, the water of the earth.
HYDROGODE Hy"drog*ode, n. Etym: [Hydrogen + Gr. (Elec.)
Defn: The negative pole or cathode. [R.]
HYDROGRAPHER Hy*drog"ra*pher, n.
Defn: One skilled in the hydrography; one who surveys, or draws maps or charts of, the sea, lakes, or other waters, with the adjacent shores; one who describes the sea or other waters. Boyle.
HYDROGRAPHIC; HYDROGRAPHICAL Hy`dro*graph"ic, Hy`dro*graph"ic*al, a.
Defn: Of or relating to hydrography.
HYDROGRAPHY Hy*drog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + -graphy: cf. F. hydrographie.]
1. The art of measuring and describing the sea, lakes, rivers, and other waters, with their phenomena.
2. That branch of surveying which embraces the determination of the contour of the bottom of a harbor or other sheet of water, the depth of soundings, the position of channels and shoals, with the construction of charts exhibiting these particulars.
HYDROGURET Hy*drog"u*ret, n. Etym: [From Hydrogen.] (Chem.)
Defn: A hydride. [Obs.]
HYDROID Hy"droid, a. Etym: [Hydra + -oid.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Related to, or resembling, the hydra; of or pertaining to the Hydroidea. -- n.
Defn: One of the Hydroideas.
HYDROIDEA Hy*droi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Hydra, and -oid.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: An extensive order of Hydrozoa or Acalephæ. [Written also Hydroida.]
Note: This order includes the hydras and the free-swimming hydromedusæ, together with a great variety of marine attached hydroids, many of which grow up into large, elegantly branched forms, consisting of a vast number of zooids (hydranths, gonophores, etc.), united by hollow stems. All the zooids of a colony are produced from one primary zooid, by successive buddings. The Siphonophora have also been included in this order by some writers. See Gymnoblastea, Hydromedusa, Gonosome, Gonotheca.
HYDROKINETIC Hy`dro*ki*net"ic, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + kinetic.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to the motions of fluids, or the forces which produce or affect such motions; -- opposed to hydrostatic. Sir W. Thomson.
HYDROLOGICAL Hy`dro*log"ic*al, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to hydrology.
HYDROLOGIST Hy*drol"o*gist, n.
Defn: One skilled in hydrology.
HYDROLOGY Hy*drol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + -logy: cf. F. hydrologie.]
Defn: The science of water, its properties, phenomena, and distribution over the earth's surface.
HYDROLYSIS Hy*drol"y*sis, n. [Hydro-, 1 + -lysis.] (Chem.)
Defn: A chemical process involving the addition of the elements of water.
HYDROLYTIC Hy`dro*lyt"ic, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. (Chem.)
Defn: Tending to remove or separate water; eliminating water. Hydrolytic agents, such as sulphuric acid or caustic alkali. Encyc. Brit. Hydrolitic ferment (Physiol. Chem.), a ferment, enzyme, or chemical ferment, which acts only in the presence of water, and which causes the substance acted upon to take up a molecule of water. Thus, diastase of malt, ptyalin of saliva, and boiling dilute sulphuric acid all convert starch by hydration into dextrin and sugar. Nearly all of the digestive ferments are hydrolytic in their action.
HYDROMAGNESITE Hy`dro*mag"ne*site, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + magnesite.] (Min.)
Defn: A hydrous carbonate of magnesia occurring in white, early, amorphous masses.
HYDROMANCY Hy"dro*man`cy, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + -mancy: cf. F. hydromancie.]
Defn: Divination by means of water, -- practiced by the ancients.
HYDROMANTIC Hy`dro*man"tic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hydromantique.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to divination by water.
HYDROMECHANICS Hy`dro*me*chan"ics, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + mechanics.]
Defn: That branch of physics which treats of the mechanics of liquids, or of their laws of equilibrium and of motion.
HYDROMEDUSA Hy`dro*me*du"sa, n.; pl. Hydromedusæ. Etym: [NL. See Hydra, and Medusa.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any medusa or jellyfish which is produced by budding from a hydroid. They are called also Craspedota, and naked-eyed medusæ.
Note: Such medusæ are the reproductive zooids or gonophores, either male or female, of the hydroid from which they arise, whether they become free or remain attached to the hydroid colony. They in turn produce the eggs from which the hydroids are developed. The name is also applied to other similar medusæ which are not known to bud from a hydroid colony, and even to some which are known to develop directly from the eggs, but which in structure agree essentially with those produced from hydroids. See Hydroidea, and Gymnoblastea.
HYDROMEL Hy"dro*mel, n. Etym: [L. hydromel, hydromeli, Gr. hydromel.]
Defn: A liquor consisting of honey diluted in water, and after fermentation called mead.
HYDROMELLONIC Hy`dro*mel*lon"ic, a.
Defn: See Cyamellone.
HYDROMETALLURGICAL Hy`dro*met`al*lur"gic*al, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to hydrometallurgy; involving the use of liquid reagents in the treatment or reduction of ores. -- Hy`dro*met`al*lur"gic*al*ly, adv.
HYDROMETALLURGY Hy`dro*met"al*lur`gy, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + metallurgy.]
Defn: The art or process of assaying or reducing ores by means of liquid reagents.
HYDROMETEOR Hy`dro*me"te*or, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + meteor.]
Defn: A meteor or atmospheric phenomenon dependent upon the vapor of water; -- in the pl., a general term for the whole aqueous phenomena of the atmosphere, as rain, snow, hail, etc. Nichol.
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL Hy`dro*me`te*or`o*log"ic*al, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to hydrometeorology, or to rain, clouds, storms, etc.
HYDROMETEOROLOGY Hy`dro*me`te*or*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + meteorology.]
Defn: That branch of meteorology which relates to, or treats of, water in the atmosphere, or its phenomena, as rain, clouds, snow, hail, storms, etc.
HYDROMETER Hy*drom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + -meter: cf. F. hydromètre.]
1. (Physics)
Defn: An instrument for determining the specific gravities of liquids, and thence the strength spirituous liquors, saline solutions, etc.
Note: It is usually made of glass with a graduated stem, and indicates the specific gravity of a liquid by the depth to which it sinks in it, the zero of the scale marking the depth to which it sinks in pure water. Extra weights are sometimes used to adapt the scale to liquids of different densities.
2. An instrument, variously constructed, used for measuring the velocity or discharge of water, as in rivers, from reservoirs, etc., and called by various specific names according to its construction or use, as tachometer, rheometer, hydrometer, pendulum, etc.; a current gauge.
HYDROMETRIC; HYDROMETRICAL Hy`dro*met"ric, Hy`dro*met"ric*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hydromètrique.]
1. Of or pertaining to an hydrometer, or to the determination of the specific gravity of fluids.
2. Of or pertaining to measurement of the velocity, discharge, etc., of running water.
3. Made by means of an hydrometer; as, hydrometric observations. Hydrometric pendulum, a species of hydrometer consisting of a hollow ball of ivory or metal suspended by a treated from the center of a graduated quadrant, and held in a stream to measure the velocity of the water by the inclination given to the thread; a kind of current gauge.
HYDROMETROGRAPH Hy`dro*met"ro*graph, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. graph.]
Defn: An instrument for determining and recording the quantity of water discharged from a pipe, orifice, etc., in a given time.
HYDROMETRY Hy*drom"e*try, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hydromètrique.]
1. The art of determining the specific gravity of liquids, and thence the strength of spirituous liquors, saline solutions, etc.
2. The art or operation of measuring the velocity or discharge of running water, as in rivers, etc.
HYDROMICA Hy`dro*mi"ca, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + mica.] (Min.)
Defn: A variety of potash mica containing water. It is less elastic than ordinary muscovite. Hydromica schist (Min.), a mica schist characterized by the presence of hydromica. It often has a silky luster and almost soapy feel.
HYDRONEPHROSIS Hy`dro*ne*phro"sis, n. Etym: [NL., Gr. "y`dwr water + (Med.)
Defn: An accumulation of urine in the pelvis of the kidney, occasioned by obstruction in the urinary passages.
HYDROPATH Hy"dro*path, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hydropathe.]
Defn: A hydropathist.
HYDROPATHIC; HYDROPATHICAL Hy`dro*path"ic, Hy`dro*path"ic*al, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to hydropathy.
HYDROPATHIST Hy*drop"a*thist, n.
Defn: One who practices hydropathy; a water-cure doctor.
HYDROPATHY Hy*drop"a*thy, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + Gr.
Defn: The water cure; a mode of treating diseases by the copious and frequent use of pure water, both internally and externally.
HYDROPERITONEUM Hy`dro*per`i*to*ne"um, n. Etym: [NL. See Hydro-, and Peritoneum.] (Med.)
Defn: Same as Ascites.
HYDROPHANE Hy"dro*phane, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. hydrophane.] (Min.)
Defn: A semitranslucent variety of opal that becomes translucent or transparent on immersion in water.
HYDROPHANOUS Hy*droph"a*nous, a. (Min.)
Defn: Made transparent by immersion in water.
HYDROPHID Hy"dro*phid, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any sea snake of the genus Hydrophys and allied genera. These snakes are venomous, live upon fishes, and have a flattened tail for swimming.
HYDROPHLORONE Hy`dro*phlo"rone, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + phlorone.] (Chem.)
Defn: A white, crystalline benzene derivative, C8H10O2, obtained by the reduction of phlorone.
HYDROPHOBIA Hy`dro*pho"bi*a, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + hydrophobie.] (Med.) (a) An abnormal dread of water, said to be a symptom of canine madness; hence: (b) The disease caused by a bite form, or inoculation with the saliva of, a rabid creature, of which the chief symptoms are, a sense of dryness and construction in the throat, causing difficulty in deglutition, and a marked heightening of reflex excitability, producing convulsions whenever the patient attempts to swallow, or is disturbed in any way, as by the sight or sound of water; rabies; canine madness. [Written also hydrophoby.]
HYDROPHOBIC Hy`dro*phob"ic, a. Etym: [L. hydrophobicus, Gr. hydrophobique.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to hydrophobia; producing or caused by rabies; as, hydrophobic symptoms; the hydrophobic poison.
HYDROPHOBY Hy"dro*pho`by, n.
Defn: See Hydrophobia.
HYDROPHORA Hy*droph"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The Hydroidea.
HYDROPHORE Hy"dro*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. "y`dwr water +
Defn: An instrument used for the purpose of obtaining specimens of water from any desired depth, as in a river, a lake, or the ocean.
HYDROPHYLLIUM Hy`dro*phyl"li*um, n.; pl. L. Hydrophyllia, E. Hydrophylliums. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the flat, leaflike, protective zooids, covering other zooids of certain Siphonophora.
HYDROPHYTE Hy"dro*phyte, n. Etym: [Gr. hydrophyte.]
Defn: An aquatic plant; an alga.
HYDROPHYTOLOGY Hy*droph`y*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Hydro- + phyte + -logy.]
Defn: The branch of botany which treats of water plants.
HYDROPIC; HYDROPICAL Hy*drop"ic, Hy*drop"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. hydropicus, Gr. hydropique. See Dropsy.]
Defn: Dropsical, or resembling dropsy. Every lust is a kind of hydropic distemper, and the more we drink the more we shall thirst. Tillotson.
HYDROPICALLY Hy*drop"ic*al*ly, adv.
Defn: In a hydropical manner.
HYDROPIPER Hy"dro*pi`per, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + L. piper a pepper.] (Bot.)
Defn: A species (Polygonum Hydropiper) of knotweed with acrid foliage; water pepper; smartweed.
HYDROPLANE Hy"dro*plane, n. [Pref. hydro-, 1 + plane.]
1. A plane, or any of a number of planes, projecting from the hull of a submarine boat, which by being elevated or depressed cause the boat, when going ahead, to sink or rise, after the manner of an aëroplane.
2. A projecting plane or fin on a gliding boat to lift the moving boat on top of the water; also, a gliding boat.
HYDROPLANE Hy"dro*plane, v. i.
Defn: Of a boat, to plane (see Plane, below).
HYDROPNEUMATIC Hy`dro*pneu*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + pneumatic: cf. F. hydropneumatique.]
Defn: Pertaining to, or depending upon, both liquid and gaseous substances; as, hydropneumatic apparatus for collecting gases over water or other liquids.
HYDROPNEUMATIC GUN CARRIAGE Hy`dro*pneu*mat"ic gun carriage. (Ordnance)
Defn: A disappearing gun carriage in which the recoil is checked by cylinders containing liquid and air, the air when compressed furnishing the power for restoring the gun to the firing position. It is used with some English and European heavy guns.
HYDROPSY Hy"drop`sy, n.
Defn: Same as Dropsy.
HYDROPULT Hy"dro*pult, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + Gr.
Defn: A machine for throwing water by hand power, as a garden engine, a fire extinguisher, etc.
HYDROQUINONE Hy`dro*qui"none, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + quinone.] (Chem.)
Defn: A white crystalline substance, C6H4(OH)2, obtained by the reduction of quinone. It is a diacid phenol, resembling, and metameric with, pyrocatechin and resorcin. Called also dihydroxy benzene.
HYDRORHIZA Hy`dro*rhi"za, n.; pl. L. Hydrorhizæ, E. Hydrorhizas. Etym: [NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The rootstock or decumbent stem by which a hydroid is attached to other objects. See Illust. under Hydroidea.
HYDROSALT Hy"dro*salt`, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + salt.] (Chem.) (a) A salt supposed to be formed by a hydracid and a base. (b) An acid salt. [R.] (c) A hydrous salt; a salt combined with water of hydration or crystallization.
HYDROSCOPE Hy"dro*scope, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + -scope.]
1. An instrument designed to mark the presence of water, especially in air. Weale.
2. A kind of water clock, used anciently for measuring time, the water tricking from an orifice at the end of a graduated tube.
HYDROSOME; HYDROSOMA Hy"dro*some, Hy`dro*so"ma, n. Etym: [NL. hydrosoma. See Hydra, and - some body.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: All the zooids of a hydroid colony collectively, including the nutritive and reproductive zooids, and often other kinds.
HYDROSORBIC Hy`dro*sor"bic, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + sorbic.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from sorbic acid when this takes up hydrogen; as, hydrosorbic acid.
HYDROSPHERE Hy"dro*sphere, n. [Pref. hydro-, 1 + sphere.]
1. (Meteor.)
Defn: The aqueous vapor of the entire atmosphere.
2. (Phys. Geog.) The aqueous envelope of the earth, including the ocean, all lakes, streams, and underground waters, and the aqueous vapor in the atmosphere.
HYDROSTAT Hy"dro*stat, n.
Defn: A contrivance or apparatus to prevent the explosion of steam boilers.
HYDROSTATIC; HYDROSTATICAL Hy`dro*stat"ic, Hy`dro*stat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. hydrostatique. See Static.]
Defn: Of or relating to hydrostatics; pertaining to, or in accordance with, the principles of the equilibrium of fluids. The first discovery made in hydrostatics since the time of Archimedes is due to Stevinus. Hallam. Hydrostatic balance, a balance for weighing substances in water, for the purpose of ascertaining their specific gravities. -- Hydrostatic bed, a water bed. -- Hydrostatic bellows, an apparatus consisting of a water-tight bellowslike case with a long, upright tube, into which water may be poured to illustrate the hydrostatic paradox. -- Hydrostatic paradox, the proposition in hydrostatics that any quantity of water, however small, may be made to counterbalance any weight, however great; or the law of the equality of pressure of fluids in all directions. -- Hydrostatic press, a machine in which great force, with slow motion, is communicated to a large plunger by means of water forced into the cylinder in which it moves, by a forcing pump of small diameter, to which the power is applied, the principle involved being the same as in the hydrostatic bellows. Also called hydraulic press, and Bramah press. In the illustration, a is a pump with a small plunger b, which forces the water into the cylinder c, thus driving upward the large plunder d, which performs the reduced work, such as compressing cotton bales, etc.
HYDROSTATICALLY Hy`dro*stat"ic*al*ly, adv.
Defn: According to hydrostatics, or to hydrostatic principles. Bentley.
HYDROSTATICIAN Hy`dro*sta*ti"cian, n.
Defn: One who is versed or skilled in hydrostatics. [R.]
HYDROSTATICS Hy`dro*stat"ics, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hydrostatique.] (Physics)
Defn: The branch of science which relates to the pressure and equilibrium of nonelastic fluids, as water, mercury, etc.; the principles of statics applied to water and other liquids.
HYDROSULPHATE Hy`dro*sul"phate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: Same as Hydrosulphurent.
HYDROSULPHIDE Hy`dro*sul"phide, n. (Chem.)
Defn: One of a series of compounds, derived from hydrogen sulphide by the replacement of half its hydrogen by a base or basic radical; as, potassium hydrosulphide, KSH. The hydrosulphides are analogous to the hydrates and include the mercaptans.
HYDROSULPHITE Hy`dro*sul"phite, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A saline compound of hydrosulphurous acid and a base. [R.]
HYDROSULPHURET Hy`dro*sul"phu*ret, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A hydrosulphide. [Archaic]
HYDROSULPHURETED Hy`dro*sul"phu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Combined with hydrogen sulphide.
HYDROSULPHURIC Hy`dro*sul*phu"ric, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + sulphuric.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, hydrogen and sulphur; as, hydrosulphuricacid, a designation applied to the solution of hydrogen sulphide in water.
HYDROSULPHUROUS Hy`dro*sul"phur*ous, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the reduction of sulphurous acid. See Hyposulphurous acid, under Hyposulphurous.
HYDROTELLURATE Hy`dro*tel"lu*rate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt formed by the union of hydrotelluric acid and the base.
HYDROTELLURIC Hy`dro*tel*lu"ric, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + telluric.] (Chem.)
Defn: Formed by hydrogen and tellurium; as, hydrotelluric acid, or hydrogen telluride.
HYDROTHECA Hy`dro*the"ca, n.; pl. L. Hydrothecæ, E. Hydrothecas. Etym: [NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the calicles which, in some Hydroidea (Thecaphora), protect the hydrants. See Illust. of Hydroidea, and Campanularian.
HYDROTHERAPEUTICS Hy`dro*ther`a*peu"tics, n. [Hydro-, 1 + therapeutics.] (Med.)
Defn: A system of treating disease by baths and mineral waters.
HYDROTHERAPY Hy`dro*ther"a*py, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + therapy.] (Med.)
Defn: See Hydropathy.
HYDROTHERMAL Hy`dro*ther"mal, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + thermal.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to hot water; -- used esp. with reference to the action of heated waters in dissolving, redepositing, and otherwise producing mineral changes within the crust of the globe.
HYDROTHORAX Hy`dro*tho"rax, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + thorax.] (Med.)
Defn: An accumulation of serous fluid in the cavity of the chest.
HYDROTIC Hy*drot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. "y`dwr water: cf. Gr. hydrotique.]
Defn: Causing a discharge of water or phlegm. -- n. (Med.)
Defn: A hydrotic medicine.
HYDROTICAL Hy*drot"ic*al, a.
Defn: Hydrotic.
HYDROTROPE Hy"dro*trope, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + Gr.
Defn: A device for raising water by the direct action of steam; a pulsometer.
HYDROTROPIC Hy`dro*trop"ic, a. Etym: [See Hydrotrope.] (Bot.)
Defn: Turning or bending towards moisture, as roots.
HYDROTROPISM Hy*drot"ro*pism, n. (Bot.)
Defn: A tendency towards moisture.
HYDROUS Hy"drous, a. Etym: [Gr. "y`dwr water.]
1. Containing water; watery.
2. (Chem.)
Defn: Containing water of hydration or crystallization.
HYDROXANTHANE Hy`dro*xan"thane, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A persulphocyanate. [Obs.]
HYDROXANTHIC Hy`dro*xan"thic, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + xanthic.] (Chem.)
Defn: Persulphocyanic.
HYDROXIDE Hy*drox"ide, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + oxide.] (Chem.)
Defn: A hydrate; a substance containing hydrogen and oxygen, made by combining water with an oxide, and yielding water by elimination. The hydroxides are regarded as compounds of hydroxyl, united usually with basic element or radical; as, calcium hydroxide ethyl hydroxide.
HYDROXY- Hy*drox"y-. (Chem.)
Defn: A combining form, also used adjectively, indicating hydroxyl as an ingredient. Hydroxy acid (Chem.), an organic acid, having (besides the hydroxyl group of the carboxyl radical) an alcoholic hydroxyl group, and thus having the qualities of an alcohol in addition to its acid properties; as, lactic and tartaric acids are hydroxy acids.
HYDROXYL Hy*drox"yl, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.)
Defn: A compound radical, or unsaturated group, HO, consisting of one atom of hydrogen and one of oxygen. It is a characteristic part of the hydrates, the alcohols, the oxygen acids, etc.
HYDROXYLAMINE Hy*drox`yl*am"ine, n. Etym: [Hydroxyl + amine.] (Chem.)
Defn: A nitrogenous, organic base, NH2.OH, resembling ammonia, and produced by a modified reduction of nitric acid. It is usually obtained as a volatile, unstable solution in water. It acts as a strong reducing agent.
HYDROZOA Hy`dro*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The Acalephæ; one of the classes of coelenterates, including the Hydroidea, Discophora, and Siphonophora.
HYDROZOAL Hy`dro*zo"al, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Hydrozoa.
HYDROZOON; HYDROZOOEN Hy`dro*zo"ön, n.; pl. L. Hydrozoa, E. Hydrozoöns. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the Hydrozoa.
HYDRURET Hy"dru*ret, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 2] (Chem.)
Defn: A binary compound of hydrogen; a hydride. [Obs.]
HYDRUS Hy"drus, n. Etym: [L., a water serpent; also, a certain constellation, Gr. "y`dros.] (Astron.)
Defn: A constellation of the southern hemisphere, near the south pole.
HYE Hye, n. & v.
Defn: See Hie. [Obs.] Chaucer.
HYEMAL Hy*e"mal, a. Etym: [L. hyemalis, or better hiemalis, fr. hyems, hiems, winter: cf. F. hyémal.]
Defn: Belonging to winter; done in winter. Sir T. Browne.
HYEMATE Hy"e*mate, v. i. Etym: [L. hiemare, hiematum. See Hyemal.]
Defn: To pass the winter. [Obs. & R.]
HYEMATION Hy`e*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. hiematio.]
1. The passing of a winter in a particular place; a wintering.
2. The act of affording shelter in winter. [Obs.]
HYEN Hy"en, n. Etym: [F. hyène.]
Defn: A hyena. [Obs.] Shak.
HYENA Hy*e"na, n.; pl. Hyenas. Etym: [L. hyaena, Gr. hyène. See Sow female hog.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any carnivorous mammal of the family Hyænidæ, of which three living species are known. They are large and strong, but cowardly. They feed chiefly on carrion, and are nocturnal in their habits. [Written also hyæna.]
Note: The striped hyena (Hyæna striata) inhabits Southern Asia and a large part of Africa. The brown hyena (H. brunnea), and the spotted hyena (Crocuta maculata), are found in Southern Africa. The extinct cave hyena (H. spelæa) inhabited England and France. Cave hyena. See under Cave. -- Hyena dog (Zoöl.), a South African canine animal (Lycaon venaticus), which hunts in packs, chiefly at night. It is smaller than the common wolf, with very large, erect ears, and a bushy tail. Its color is reddish or yellowish brown, blotched with black and white. Called also hunting dog.
HYETAL Hy"e*tal, a. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: Of or pertaining to rain; descriptive of the distribution of rain, or of rainy regions.
HYETOGRAPH Hy"e*to*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.]
Defn: A chart or graphic representation of the average distribution of rain over the surface of the earth.
HYETOGRAPHIC Hy`e*to*graph"ic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to to hyetography.
HYETOGRAPHY Hy`e*tog"ra*phy, n.
Defn: The branch of physical science which treats of the geographical distribution of rain.
HYETOLOGY Hy`e*tol"o*gy, n. [Gr. + rain -logy.]
Defn: The science which treats of the precipitation of rain, snow, etc. -- Hy`e*to*log"ic*al, a.
HYGEIA Hy*ge"ia, n. Etym: [L. Hygea, Hygia, fr. Gr. (Classic Myth.)
Defn: The goddess of health, daughter of Esculapius.
HYGEIAN Hy*ge"ian, a.
Defn: Relating to Hygeia, the goddess of health; of or pertaining to health, or its preservation.
HYGEIST Hy"ge*ist, n.
Defn: One skilled in hygiena; a hygienist.
HYGIEIST Hy"gie*ist, n.
Defn: A hygienist.
HYGIENE Hy"gi*ene, n. Etym: [F. hygiène. See Hygeia.]
Defn: That department of sanitary science which treats of the preservation of health, esp. of households and communities; a system of principles or rules designated for the promotion of health.
HYGIENIC Hy`gi*en"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hygiénique.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to health or hygiene; sanitary.
HYGIENICS Hy`gi*en"ics, n.
Defn: The science of health; hygiene.
HYGIENISM Hy"gi*en*ism, n.
Defn: Hygiene.
HYGIENIST Hy"gi*en*ist, n.
Defn: One versed in hygiene.
HYGIOLOGY Hy`gi*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]
Defn: A treatise on, or the science of, the preservation of health. [R.]
HYGRINE Hy"grine, n. Etym: [From Gr. (Chem.)
Defn: An alkaloid associated with cocaine in coca leaves (Erythroxylon coca), and extracted as a thick, yellow oil, having a pungent taste and odor.
HYGRODEIK Hy"gro*deik, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physics)
Defn: A form of hygrometer having wet and dry bulb thermometers, with an adjustable index showing directly the percentage of moisture in the air, etc.
HYGROGRAPH Hy"gro*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.] (Physics)
Defn: An instrument for recording automatically the variations of the humidity of the atmosphere.
HYGROLOGY Hy*grol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. hygrologie.] (Med.)
Defn: The science which treats of the fluids of the body.
HYGROMETER Hy*grom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. hygromètre.] (Physics)
Defn: An instrument for measuring the degree of moisture of the atmosphere. Daniell's hygrometer, a form of hygrometer consisting of a bent glass tube terminating in two bulbs, the one covered with muslin, the other of black glass, and containing ether and a thermometer. Ether being poured on the muslin, the black ball, cooled by the evaporation of the ether within, is soon covered with dew; at this moment, the inclosed thermometer gives the dew-point, and this, compared with the reading of one in the air, determines the humidity.
HYGROMETRIC; HYGROMETRICAL Hy`gro*met"ric, Hy`gro*met"ric*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hygrométrique.]
1. Of or pertaining to hygrometry; made with, or according to, the hygrometer; as, hygrometric observations.
2. Readily absorbing and retaining moisture; as, hygrometric substances, like potash.
HYGROMETRY Hy*grom"e*try, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hygrométrie.] (Physics)
Defn: That branch of physics which relates to the determination of the humidity of bodies, particularly of the atmosphere, with the theory and use of the instruments constructed for this purpose.
HYGROPHANOUS Hy*groph"a*nous, a. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: Having such a structure as to be diaphanous when moist, and opaque when dry.
HYGROPHTHALMIC Hy`groph*thal"mic, a. Etym: [Gr. ophthalmic.] (Anat.)
Defn: Serving to moisten the eye; -- sometimes applied to the lachrymal ducts.
HYGROPLASM Hy"gro*plasm, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)
Defn: The fluid portion of the cell protoplasm, in opposition to stereoplasm, the solid or insoluble portion. The latter is supposed to be partly nutritive and partly composed of idioplasm.
HYGROSCOPE Hy"gro*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope: cf. F. hygroscope.] (Physics)
Defn: An instrument which shows whether there is more or less moisture in the atmosphere, without indicating its amount.
HYGROSCOPIC Hy`gro*scop"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hygroscopique.]
1. Of or pertaining to, or indicated by, the hygroscope; not readily manifest to the senses, but capable of detection by the hygroscope; as, glass is often covered with a film of hygroscopic moisture.
2. Having the property of readily inbibing moisture from the atmosphere, or of the becoming coated with a thin film of moisture, as glass, etc.
HYGROSCOPICITY Hy`gro*sco*pic"i*ty, n. (Bot.)
Defn: The property possessed by vegetable tissues of absorbing or discharging moisture according to circumstances.
HYGROSTATICS Hy`gro*stat"ics, n. Etym: [Gr. Statics.]
Defn: The science or art of comparing or measuring degrees of moisture. Evelyn.
HYKE Hyke, n.
Defn: See Haik, and Huke.
HYKSOS Hyk"sos, n. [Gr. , fr. Egypt. hikshasu chiefs of the Bedouins, shepherds.]
Defn: A dynasty of Egyptian kings, often called the Shepherd kings, of foreign origin, who, according to the narrative of Manetho, ruled for about 500 years, forming the XVth and XVIth dynasties. It is now considered that the XVIth is merely a double of the XVth dynasty, and that the total period of the six Hyksos kings was little more than 100 years. It is supposed that they were Asiatic Semites.
HYLAEOSAUR; HYLAEOSAURUS Hy"læ*o*saur`, Hy`læ*o*sau"rus, n. Etym: [NL. hylaeosaurus, fr. Gr. (Paleon.)
Defn: A large Wealden dinosaur from the Tilgate Forest, England. It was about twenty feet long, protected by bony plates in the skin, and armed with spines.
HYLARCHICAL Hy*lar"chi*cal, a. Etym: [Gr. hylarchique. See Archical.]
Defn: Presiding over matter. [Obs.] Hallywell.
HYLEOSAUR Hy"le*o*saur", n.
Defn: Same as Hylæosaur.
HYLIC Hyl"ic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to matter; material; corporeal; as, hylic influences.
HYLICIST Hy"li*cist, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: A philosopher who treats chiefly of matter; one who adopts or teaches hylism.
HYLISM Hy"lism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Metaph.)
Defn: A theory which regards matter as the original principle of evil.
HYLOBATE Hy"lo*bate, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any species of the genus Hylobates; a gibbon, or long-armed ape. See Gibbon.
HYLODES Hy*lo"des, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The piping frog (Hyla Pickeringii), a small American tree frog, which in early spring, while breeding in swamps and ditches, sings with high, shrill, but musical, notes.
HYLOISM Hy"lo*ism, n.
Defn: Same as Hylotheism.
HYLOIST Hy"lo*ist, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: Same as Hylotheist.
HYLOPATHISM Hy*lop"a*thism, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: The doctrine that matter is sentient. Krauth-Fleming.
HYLOPATHIST Hy*lop"a*thist, n.
Defn: One who believes in hylopathism.
HYLOPHAGOUS Hy*loph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Eating green shoots, as certain insects do.
HYLOTHEISM Hy"lo*the*ism, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: The doctrine of belief that matter is God, or that there is no God except matter and the universe; pantheism. See Materialism.
HYLOTHEIST Hy"lo*the*ist, n.
Defn: One who believes in hylotheism.
HYLOZOIC Hy`lo*zo"ic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to hylozoism.
HYLOZOISM Hy`lo*zo"ism, n. Etym: [Gr. hylozoïsme.]
Defn: The doctrine that matter possesses a species of life and sensation, or that matter and life are inseparable. [R.] Cudworth.
HYLOZOIST Hy`lo*zo"ist, n.
Defn: A believer in hylozoism. A. Tucker.
HYMAR Hy*mar", n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The wild ass of Persia.
HYMEN Hy"men, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)
Defn: A fold of muscous membrane often found at the orifice of the vagina; the vaginal membrane.
HYMEN Hy"men, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.
1. (Class Myth.)
Defn: A fabulous deity; according to some, the son of Apollo and Urania, according to others, of Bacchus and Venus. He was the god of marriage, and presided over nuptial solemnities. Till Hymen brought his love-delighted hour, There dwelt no joy in Eden's rosy bower. Campbell.
2. Marriage; union as if by marriage. Hymen of element and race. Emerson.
HYMENEAL; HYMENEAN Hy`me*ne"al, Hy`me*ne"an, a. Etym: [L. hymeneius, a., also Hymenaeus, n., Hymen, Gr. hyménéal, hyménéen.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to marriage; as, hymeneal rites. Pope.
HYMENEAL; HYMENEAN Hy`me*ne"al, Hy`me*ne"an, n.
Defn: A marriage song. Milton.
HYMENIUM Hy*me"ni*um, n.; pl. L. Hymenia, E. Hymeniums. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: The spore-bearing surface of certain fungi, as that on the gills of a mushroom.
HYMENOGENY Hy`me*nog"e*ny, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: The production of artificial membranes by contact of two fluids, as albumin and fat, by which the globules of the latter are surrounded by a thin film of the former.
HYMENOMYCETES Hy`me*no*my*ce"tes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: One of the great divisions of fungi, containing those species in which the hymenium is completely exposed. M. J. Berkley.
HYMENOPHORE Hy*men"o*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: That part of a fungus which is covered with the hymenium.
HYMENOPTER Hy`me*nop"ter, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hyménoptère.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the Hymenoptera.
HYMENOPTERA Hy`me*nop"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: An extensive order of insects, including the bees, ants, ichneumons, sawflies, etc.
Note: They have four membranous wings, with few reticulations, and usually with a thickened, dark spot on the front edge of the anterior wings. In most of the species, the tongue, or lingua, is converted into an organ for sucking honey, or other liquid food, and the mandibles are adapted for biting or cutting. In one large division (Aculeata), including the bees, wasps, and ants, the females and workers usually have a sting, which is only a modified ovipositor.
HYMENOPTERAL; HYMENOPTEROUS Hy`me*nop"ter*al, Hy`me*nop"ter*ous, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Like, or characteristic of, the Hymenoptera; pertaining to the Hymenoptera.
HYMENOPTERAN Hy`me*nop"ter*an, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the Hymenoptera.
HYMN Hymn, n. Etym: [OE. hympne, ympne, F. hymne, OF. also ymne, L. hymnus, Gr. weave.]
Defn: An ode or song of praise or adoration; especially, a religious ode, a sacred lyric; a song of praise or thankgiving intended to be used in religious service; as, the Homeric hymns; Watts' hymns. Admonishing one another in psalms and hymns. Col. iii. 16. Where angels first should practice hymns, and string Their tuneful harps. Dryden. Hymn book, a book containing a collection of hymns, as for use in churches; a hymnal.
HYMN Hymn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hymned; p. pr. & vb. n. Hymning.] Etym: [Cf. L. hymnire, Gr.
Defn: To praise in song; to worship or extol by singing hymns; to sing. To hymn the bright of the Lord. Keble. Their praise is hymned by loftier harps than mine. Byron.
HYMN Hymn, v. i.
Defn: To sing in praise or adoration. Milton.
HYMNAL Hym"nal, n.
Defn: A collection of hymns; a hymn book.
HYMNIC Hym"nic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hymnique.]
Defn: Relating to hymns, or sacred lyrics. Donne.
HYMNING Hymn"ing, a.
Defn: Praising with hymns; singing. "The hymning choir." G. West.
HYMNING Hymn"ing, n.
Defn: The singing of hymns. Milton.
HYMNIST Hym"nist, n.
Defn: A writer of hymns.
HYMNODY Hym"no*dy, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: Hymns, considered collectively; hymnology.
HYMNOGRAPHER Hym*nog"ra*pher, n.
1. One who writes on the subject of hymns.
2. A writer or composed of hymns.
HYMNOGRAPHY Hym*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. graphy.]
Defn: The art or act of composing hymns.
HYMNOLOGIST Hym*nol"o*gist, n.
Defn: A composer or compiler of hymns; one versed in hymnology. Busby.
HYMNOLOGY Hym*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. hymnologie.]
1. The hymns or sacred lyrics composed by authors of a particular country or period; as, the hymnology of the eighteenth century; also, the collective body of hymns used by any particular church or religious body; as, the Anglican hymnology.
2. A knowledge of hymns; a treatise on hymns.
HYMPNE Hymp"ne, n.
Defn: A hymn. [Obs.] Chaucer.
HYNDRESTE Hynd"reste, a.
Defn: See Hinderest. [Obs.]
HYNE Hyne, n.
Defn: A servant. See Hine. [Obs.] Chaucer.
HYO- Hy"o-. Etym: [See Hyod.]
Defn: A prexif used in anatomy, and generally denoting connection with the hyoid bone or arch; as, hyoglossal, hyomandibular, hyomental, etc.
HYOGANOIDEI Hy`o*ga*noi"de*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Hyo-, and Canoidei.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A division of ganoid fishes, including the gar pikes and bowfins. -- Hy`o*ga"noid, a.
HYOGLOSSAL Hy`o*glos"sal, a. Etym: [Hyo- + Gr. (Anat.) (a) Pertaining to or connecting the tongue and hyodean arch; as, the hyoglossal membrane. (b) Of or pertaining to the hyoglossus muscle.
HYOGLOSSUS Hy`o*glos"sus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. hyo- hyo- + Gr. (Anat.)
Defn: A flat muscle on either side of the tongue, connecting it with the hyoid bone.
HYOID Hy"oid, a. Etym: [Gr. hyoïde.]
1. Having the form of an arch, or of the Greek letter upsilon [
2. (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the bony or cartilaginous arch which supports the tongue. Sometimes applied to the tongue itself. Hyoid arch (Anat.), the arch of cartilaginous or bony segments, which connects the base of the tongue with either side of the skull. -- Hyoid bone (Anat.), the bone in the base of the tongue, the middle part of the hyoid arch.
HYOID Hy"oid, n.
Defn: The hyoid bone.
HYOIDEAL; HYOIDEAN Hy*oid"e*al, Hy*oid"e*an, a.
Defn: Same as Hyoid, a.
HYOMANDIBULAR Hy`o*man*dib"u*lar, a. Etym: [Hyo- + mandibular.] (Anat.)
Defn: Pertaining both to the hyoidean arch and the mandible or lower jaw; as, the hyomandibular bone or cartilage, a segment of the hyoid arch which connects the lower jaw with the skull in fishes. -- n.
Defn: The hyomandibular bone or cartilage.
HYOMENTAL Hy`o*men"tal, a. Etym: [Hyo- + mental of the chin.] (Anat.)
Defn: Between the hyoid bone and the lower jaw, pertaining to them; suprahyoid; submaxillary; as, the hyomental region of the front of the neck.
HYOPASTRON Hy`o*pas"tron, n. Etym: [Hyo- + plastron.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The second lateral plate in the plastron of turtles; -- called also hyosternum.
HYOSCINE Hy*os"cine, n. Etym: [See Hyoscyamus.] (Chem.)
Defn: An alkaloid found with hyoscyamine (with which it is also isomeric) in henbane, and extracted as a white, amorphous, semisolid substance.
HYOSCYAMINE Hy`os*cy"a*mine, n. Etym: [See Hyoscyamus.] (Chem.)
Defn: An alkaloid found in henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), and regarded as its active principle. It is also found with other alkaloids in the thorn apple and deadly nightshade. It is extracted as a white crystalline substance, with a sharp, offensive taste. Hyoscyamine is isomeric with atropine, is very poisonous, and is used as a medicine for neuralgia, like belladonna. Called also hyoscyamia, duboisine, etc.
HYOSCYAMUS Hy`os*cy"a*mus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of poisonous plants of the Nightshade family; henbane.
2. (Med.)
Defn: The leaves of the black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), used in neuralgic and pectorial troubles.
HYOSTERNAL Hy`o*ster"nal, a. Etym: [Hyo- + ternal.] (Anat.) (a) Between the hyoid bone and the sternum, or pertaining to them; infrahyoid; as, the hyosternal region of the neck. (b) Pertaining to the hyosternum of turtles.
HYOSTERNUM Hy`o*ster"num, n. Etym: [Hyo- + sternum.] (Anat.)
Defn: See Hyoplastron.
HYOSTYLIC Hy`o*styl"ic, a. Etym: [Hyo- + Gr. (Anat.)
Defn: Having the mandible suspended by the hyomandibular, or upper part of the hyoid arch, as in fishes, instead of directly articulated with the skull as in mammals; -- said of the skull.
HYP Hyp, n.
Defn: An abbreviation of hypochonaria; -- usually in plural. [Colloq.] Heaven send thou hast not got the hyps. Swift.
HYP Hyp, v. t.
Defn: To make melancholy. [Colloq.] W. Irving.
HYPAETHRAL; HYPETHRAL Hy*pæ"thral, Hy*pe"thral, a. Etym: [L. hypaethrus in the open air, uncovered, Gr. (Arch.)
Defn: Exposed to the air; wanting a roof; -- applied to a building or part of a building. Gwilt.
HYPALLAGE Hy*pal"la*ge, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gram.)
Defn: A figure consisting of a transference of attributes from their proper subjects to other. Thus Virgil says, "dare classibus austros," to give the winds to the fleets, instead of dare classibus austris, to give the fleets to the winds. The hypallage, of which Virgil is fonder than any other writer, is much the gravest fault in language. Landor.
HYPALLELOMORPH Hyp`al*le"lo*morph, n.
Defn: See Allelomorph.
HYPANTHIUM Hy*pan"thi*um, n.; pl. L. Hypanthia, E. Hypanthiums. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: A fruit consisting in large part of a receptacle, enlarged below the calyx, as in the alycanthus, the rose hip, and the pear.
HYPAPOPHYSIS Hy`pa*poph"y*sis, n.; pl. Hypapophyles. Etym: [NL. See Hypo-, and Apophysis.] (Anat.)
Defn: A process, or other element, of a vertebra developed from the ventral side of the centrum, as hæmal spines, and chevron bones. -- Hy`pa*po*phys"i*al, a.
HYPARTERIAL Hy`par*te"ri*al, a. Etym: [Hypo- + arterial.] (Anat.)
Defn: Situated below an artery; applied esp. to the branches of the bronchi given off below the point where the pulmonary artery crosses the bronchus.
HYPASPIST Hy*pas"pist, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)
Defn: A shield-bearer or armor-bearer. Mitford.
HYPAXIAL Hy*pax"i*al, a. Etym: [Hypo- + axial.] (Anat.)
Defn: Beneath the axis of the skeleton; subvertebral; hyposkeletal.
HYPE hype n.
Defn: Intense publicity for a future event, performed in a showy or excessively dramatic manner suggesting an importance not justified by the event; as, the hype surrounding the superbowl is usually ludicrous. [PJC]
HYPE hype v. t.
1. to publicize [e.g. a product or a future event] insistently, in a manner exaggerating the importance of; to promote flamboyantly. [wns=1] [WordNet 1.5]
2. To stimulate or excite (a person); --usually used with up, and often in the passive form; as, she was all hyped up over her upcoming wedding. [PJC]
HYPER- Hy"per-. Etym: [Gr. super, E. over. See Over, and cf. Super-.]
1. A prefix signifying over, above; as, hyperphysical, hyperthyrion; also, above measure, abnormally great, excessive; as, hyperæmia, hyperbola, hypercritical, hypersecretion.
2. (Chem.)
Defn: A prefix equivalent to super- or per-; as hyperoxide, or peroxide. [Obs.] See Per-.
HYPERAEMIA Hy`per*æ"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)
Defn: A superabundance or congestion of blood in an organ or part of the body. Active hyperæmia, cognestion d%ue to increased flow of blood to a part. -- Passive hyperæmia, interchange due to obstruction in the return of blood from a part. -- Hy`per*æ"mic, a.
HYPERAESTHESIA Hy`per*æs*the"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med. & Physiol.)
Defn: A state of exalted or morbidly increased sensibility of the body, or of a part of it. -- Hy`per*æs*thet"ic, a.
HYPERAPOPHYSIS Hy`per*a*poph"y*sis, n.; pl. Hyperapophyses. Etym: [NL. See Hyper-, and Apophysis.] (Anat.)
Defn: A lateral and backward-projecting process on the dorsal side of a vertebra. -- Hy`per*ap`o*phys"i*al, a.
HYPERASPIST Hy`per*as"pist, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: One who holds a shield over another; hence, a defender. [Obs.] Chillingworth.
HYPERBATIC Hy`per*bat"ic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to an hyperbaton; transposed; inverted.
HYPERBATON Hy*per"ba*ton, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gram.)
Defn: A figurative construction, changing or inverting the natural order of words or clauses; as, "echoed the hills" for "the hills echoed." With a violent hyperbaton to transpose the text. Milton.
HYPERBOLA Hy*per"bo*la, n. Etym: [Gr. i. e., of the angle which the cutting plane makes with the base. See Hyperbole.] (Geom.)
Defn: A curve formed by a section of a cone, when the cutting plane makes a greater angle with the base than the side of the cone makes. It is a plane curve such that the difference of the distances from any point of it to two fixed points, called foci, is equal to a given distance. See Focus. If the cutting plane be produced so as to cut the opposite cone, another curve will be formed, which is also an hyperbola. Both curves are regarded as branches of the same hyperbola. See Illust. of Conic section, and Focus.
HYPERBOLE Hy*per"bo*le, n. Etym: [L., fr. GrHyper-, Parable, and cf. Hyperbola.] (Rhet.)
Defn: A figure of speech in which the expression is an evident exaggeration of the meaning intended to be conveyed, or by which things are represented as much greater or less, better or worse, than they really are; a statement exaggerated fancifully, through excitement, or for effect. Our common forms of compliment are almost all of them extravagant hyperboles. Blair. Somebody has said of the boldest figure in rhetoric, the hyperbole, that it lies without deceiving. Macaulay.
HYPERBOLIC; HYPERBOLICAL Hy`per*bol"ic, Hy`per*bol"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. hyperbolicus, Gr. hyperbolique.]
1. (Math.)
Defn: Belonging to the hyperbola; having the nature of the hyperbola.
2. (Rhet.)
Defn: Relating to, containing, or of the nature of, hyperbole; exaggerating or diminishing beyond the fact; exceeding the truth; as, an hyperbolical expression. "This hyperbolical epitaph." Fuller. Hyperbolic functions (Math.), certain functions which have relations to the hyperbola corresponding to those which sines, cosines, tangents, etc., have to the circle; and hence, called hyperbolic sines, hyperbolic cosines, etc. -- Hyperbolic logarithm. See Logarithm. -- Hyperbolic spiral (Math.), a spiral curve, the law of which is, that the distance from the pole to the generating point varies inversely as the angle swept over by the radius vector.
HYPERBOLICALLY Hy`per*bol"ic*al*ly, adv.
1. (Math.)
Defn: In the form of an hyperbola.
2. (Rhet.)
Defn: With exaggeration; in a manner to express more or less than the truth. Sir W. Raleigh.
HYPERBOLIFORM Hy`per*bol"i*form, a. Etym: [Hyperbola + -form.]
Defn: Having the form, or nearly the form, of an hyperbola.
HYPERBOLISM Hy*per"bo*lism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hyperbolisme.]
Defn: The use of hyperbole. Jefferson.
HYPERBOLIST Hy*per"bo*list, n.
Defn: One who uses hyperboles.
HYPERBOLIZE Hy*per"bo*lize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hyperbolized; p. pr. & vb. n. Hyperbolizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. hyperboliser.]
Defn: To speak or write with exaggeration. Bp. Montagu.
HYPERBOLIZE Hy*per"bo*lize, v. t.
Defn: To state or represent hyperbolically. Fotherby.
HYPERBOLOID Hy*per"bo*loid, n. Etym: [Hyperbola + -oid: cf. F. hyperboloïde.] (Geom.)
Defn: A surface of the second order, which is cut by certain planes in hyperbolas; also, the solid, bounded in part by such a surface. Hyperboloid of revolution, an hyperboloid described by an hyperbola revolving about one of its axes. The surface has two separate sheets when the axis of revolution is the transverse axis, but only one when the axis of revolution is the conjugate axis of the hyperbola.
HYPERBOLOID Hy*per"bo*loid, a. (Geom.)
Defn: Having some property that belongs to an hyperboloid or hyperbola.
HYPERBOREAN Hy`per*bo"re*an, a. Etym: [L. hyperboreus, Gr. Boreas.]
1. (Greek Myth.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the region beyond the North wind, or to its inhabitants.
2. Northern; belonging to, or inhabiting, a region in very far north; most northern; hence, very cold; fright, as, a hyperborean coast or atmosphere. The hyperborean or frozen sea. C. Butler (1633).
HYPERBOREAN Hy`per*bo"re*an, n.
1. (Greek Myth.)
Defn: One of the people who lived beyond the North wind, in a land of perpetual sunshine.
2. An inhabitant of the most northern regions.
HYPERCARBURETED Hy`per*car"bu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Having an excessive proportion of carbonic acid; -- said of bicarbonates or acid carbonates. [Written also hypercarburetted.]
HYPERCATALECTIC Hy`per*cat`a*lec"tic, a. Etym: [L. hypercatalecticus, hypercatalectus, Gr. hypercatalectique. See Hyper-, and Catalectic.] (Pros.)
Defn: Having a syllable or two beyond measure; as, a hypercatalectic verse.
HYPERCHLORIC Hy`per*chlo"ric, a. (Chem.)
Defn: See Perchloric.
HYPERCHROMATISM Hy`per*chro"ma*tism, n.
Defn: The condition of having an unusual intensity of color.
HYPERCRITIC Hy`per*crit"ic, n. Etym: [Pref. hyper- + critic: cf. F. hypercritique.]
Defn: One who is critical beyond measure or reason; a carping critic; a captious censor. "Hypercritics in English poetry." Dryden.
HYPERCRITIC Hy`per*crit"ic, a.
Defn: Hypercritical.
HYPERCRITICAL Hy`per*crit"ic*al, a.
1. Over critical; unreasonably or unjustly critical; carping; captious. "Hypercritical readers." Swift.
2. Excessively nice or exact. Evelyn.
HYPERCRITICALLY Hy`per*crit"ic*al*ly, adv.
Defn: In a hypercritical manner.
HYPERCRITICISE Hy`per*crit"i*cise, v. t.
Defn: To criticise with unjust severity; to criticise captiously.
HYPERCRITICISM Hy`per*crit"i*cism, n.
Defn: Excessive criticism, or unjust severity or rigor of criticism; zoilism.
HYPERDICROTIC Hy`per*di*crot"ic, a. (Physiol.)
Defn: Excessive dicrotic; as, a hyperdicrotic pulse.
HYPERDICROTISM Hy`per*di"cro*tism, n. (Physiol.)
Defn: A hyperdicrotic condition.
HYPERDICROTOUS Hy`per*di"cro*tous, a. (Physiol.)
Defn: Hyperdicrotic.
HYPERDULIA Hy`per*du*li"a, n. Etym: [Pref. hyper- + dulia: cf. F. hyperdulie.] (R. C. Ch.)
Defn: Veneration or worship given to the Virgin Mary as the most exalted of mere creatures; higher veneration than dulia. Addis & Arnold.
HYPERDULY Hy"per*du`ly, n.
Defn: Hyperdulia. [Obs.]
HYPERESTHESIA Hy`per*es*the"si*a, n.
Defn: Same as Hyperæsthesia.
HYPERICUM Hy*per"i*cum, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of plants, generally with dotted leaves and yellow flowers; -- called also St. John's-wort.
HYPERINOSIS Hy`per*i*no"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)
Defn: A condition of the blood, characterized by an abnormally large amount of fibrin, as in many inflammatory diseases.
HYPERION Hy*pe"ri*on, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Class Myth.)
Defn: The god of the sun; in the later mythology identified with Apollo, and distinguished for his beauty. So excellent a king; that was, to this, Hyperion to a satyr. Shak.
HYPERKINESIS Hy`per*ki*ne"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)
Defn: Abnormally increased muscular movement; spasm.
HYPERKINETIC Hy`per*ki*net"ic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to hyperkinesis.
HYPERMETAMORPHOSIS Hy`per*met`a*mor"pho*sis, n. Etym: [Hyper- + metamorphosis.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A kind of metamorphosis, in certain insects, in which the larva itself undergoes remarkable changes of form and structure during its growth.
HYPERMETER Hy*per"me*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. hypermètre.]
1. (Pros.)
Defn: A verse which has a redundant syllable or foot; a hypercatalectic verse.
2. Hence, anything exceeding the ordinary standard. When a man rises beyond six foot, he is an hypermeter. Addison.
HYPERMETRICAL Hy`per*met"ric*al, a.
Defn: Having a redundant syllable; exceeding the common measure. Hypermetrical verse (Gr. & Lat. Pros.), a verse which contains a syllable more than the ordinary measure.
HYPERMETROPIA; HYPERMETROPY Hy`per*me*tro"pi*a, Hy`per*met"ro*py, n. Etym: [NL. hypermetropia, fr. Gr. Hypermeter.]
Defn: A condition of the eye in which, through shortness of the eyeball or fault of the refractive media, the rays of light come to a focus behind the retina; farsightedness; -- called also hyperopia. Cf. Emmetropia.
Note: In hypermetropia, vision for distant objects, although not better absolutely, is better than that for near objects, and hence, the individual is said to be farsighted. It is corrected by the use of convex glasses. -- Hy`per*me*trop"ic, a.
HYPERMYRIORAMA Hy`per*myr`i*o*ra"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
Defn: A show or exhibition having a great number of scenes or views.
HYPERNOEA Hy`per*noe"a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Physiol.)
Defn: Abnormal breathing, due to slightly deficient arterialization of the blood; -- in distinction from eupnoea. See Eupnoea, and Dispnoea.
HYPEROARTIA Hy`per*o*ar"ti*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: An order of marsipobranchs including the lampreys. The suckerlike moth contains numerous teeth; the nasal opening is in the middle of the head above, but it does not connect with the mouth. See Cyclostoma, and Lamprey.
HYPEROPIA Hy`per*o"pi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
Defn: Hypermetropia. -- Hy`per*op"tic, a.
HYPERORGANIC Hy`per*or*gan"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. hyper- + organic.]
Defn: Higher than, or beyond the sphere of, the organic. Sir W. Hamilton.
HYPERORTHODOXY Hy`per*or"tho*dox`y, n.
Defn: Orthodoxy pushed to excess.
HYPEROTRETA Hy`per*o*tre"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: An order of marsipobranchs, including the Myxine or hagfish and the genus Bdellostoma. They have barbels around the mouth, one tooth on the plate, and a communication between tionnasal aperture and the throat. See Hagfish. [Written also Hyperotreti.]
HYPEROXIDE Hy`per*ox"ide, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A compound having a relatively large percentage of oxygen; a peroxide. [Obs.]
HYPEROXYGENATED; HYPEROXYGENIZED Hy`per*ox"y*gen*a`ted, Hy`per*ox"y*gen*ized, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Combined with a relatively large amount of oxygen; -- said of higher oxides. [Obs.]
HYPEROXYMURIATE Hy`per*ox`y*mu"ri*ate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A perchlorate. [Obs.]
HYPEROXYMURIATIC Hy`per*ox`y*mu`ri*at"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Perchloric; as, hyperoxymuriatic acid. [Obs.]
HYPERPHYSICAL Hy`per*phys"ic*al, a.
Defn: Above or transcending physical laws; supernatural. Those who do not fly to some hyperphysical hypothesis. Sir W. Hamilton.
HYPERPLASIA Hy`per*pla"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med. & Biol.)
Defn: An increase in, or excessive growth of, the normal elements of any part.
Note: Hyperplasia relates to the formation of new elements, hypertrophy being an increase in bulk of preexisting normal elements. Dunglison.
HYPERPLASTIC Hy`per*plas"tic, a.
1. Of or pertaining to hyperplasia.
2. (Biol.)
Defn: Tending to excess of formative action.
HYPERPYREXIA Hy`per*py*rex"i*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Hyper-, and Pyrexia.] (Med.)
Defn: A condition of excessive fever; an elevation of temperature in a disease, in excess of the limit usually observed in that disease.
HYPERSECRETION Hy`per*se*cre"tion, n. (Med.)
Defn: Morbid or excessive secretion, as in catarrh.
HYPERSENSIBILITY Hy`per*sen`si*bil"i*ty, n.
Defn: See Hyperæsthesia.
HYPERSPACE Hy"per*space, n. Etym: [Pref. hyper- + space.] (Geom.)
Defn: An imagined space having more than three dimensions.
HYPERSTHENE Hy"per*sthene, n. Etym: [Gr. hyperstène.] (Min.)
Defn: An orthorhombic mineral of the pyroxene group, of a grayish or greenish black color, often with a peculiar bronzelike luster (schiller) on the cleavage surface.
HYPERSTHENIC Hy`per*sthen"ic, a. (Min.)
Defn: Composed of, or containing, hypersthene.
HYPERTHETICAL Hy`per*thet"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: Exaggerated; excessive; hyperbolical. [Obs.] Hyperthetical or superlative . . . expression. Chapman.
HYPERTHYRION Hy`per*thyr"i*on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Arch.)
Defn: That part of the architrave which is over a door or window.
HYPERTROPHIC; HYPERTROPHICAL Hy`per*troph"ic, Hy`per*troph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hypertrophique.] (Med. & Biol.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to hypertrophy; affected with, or tending to, hypertrophy.
HYPERTROPHIED Hy*per"tro*phied, a. (Med. & Biol.)
Defn: Excessively developed; characterized by hypertrophy.
HYPERTROPHY Hy*per"tro*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. hypertrophie.] (Med. & Biol.)
Defn: A condition of overgrowth or excessive development of an organ or part; -- the opposite of atrophy.
HYPHAE Hy"phæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "yfh` a web.] (Bot.)
Defn: The long, branching filaments of which the mycelium (and the greater part of the plant) of a fungus is formed. They are also found enveloping the gonidia of lichens, making up a large part of their structure.
HYPHEN Hy"phen, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Hypo-.] (Print.)
Defn: A mark or short dash, thus [-], placed at the end of a line which terminates with a syllable of a word, the remainder of which is carried to the next line; or between the parts of many a compound word; as in fine-leaved, clear-headed. It is also sometimes used to separate the syllables of words.
HYPHEN Hy"phen, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hyphened; p. pr. & vb. n. Hyphening.]
Defn: To connect with, or separate by, a hyphen, as two words or the parts of a word.
HYPHENATED Hy"phen*a`ted, a.
Defn: United by hyphens; hyphened; as, a hyphenated or hyphened word.
HYPHOMYCETES Hy`pho*my*ce"tes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: One of the great division of fungi, containing those species which have naked spores borne on free or only fasciculate threads. M. J. Berkley.
HYPIDIOMORPHIC Hy*pid`i*o*mor"phic, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + idiomorphic.] (Crystallog.)
Defn: Partly idiomorphic; -- said of rock a portion only of whose constituents have a distinct crystalline form. -- Hy*pid`i*o*mor"phic*al*ly, adv.
HYPINOSIS Hyp`i*no"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)
Defn: A diminution in the normal amount of fibrin present in the blood.
HYPNAGOGIC Hyp`na*gog"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: Leading to sleep; -- applied to the illusions of one who is half asleep.
HYPNOBATE Hyp"no*bate, n. Etym: [F., fr. Gr.
Defn: A somnambulist. [R.]
HYPNOCYST Hyp"no*cyst, n. Etym: [Gr. cyst.] (Biol.)
Defn: A cyst in which some unicellular organisms temporarily inclose themselves, from which they emerge unchanged, after a period of drought or deficiency of food. In some instances, a process of spore formation seems to occur within such cysts.
HYPNOGENIC Hyp`no*gen"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)
Defn: Relating to the production of hypnotic sleep; as, the so-called hypnogenic pressure points, pressure upon which is said to cause an attack of hypnotic sleep. De Watteville.
HYPNOLOGIST Hyp*nol"o*gist, n.
Defn: One who is versed in hypnology.
HYPNOLOGY Hyp*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]
Defn: A treatise on sleep; the doctrine of sleep.
HYPNOSCOPE Hyp"no*scope, n. [Gr. + -scope.] (Physiol.)
Defn: An instrument for ascertaining the susceptibility of a person to hypnotic influences.
HYPNOSIS Hyp*no"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)
Defn: Supervention of sleep.
HYPNOTIC Hyp*not"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. somnus, and E. somnolent: cf. F. hypnotique.]
1. Having the quality of producing sleep; tending to produce sleep; soporific.
2. Of or pertaining to hypnotism; in a state of hypnotism; liable to hypnotism; as, a hypnotic condition.
HYPNOTIC Hyp*not"ic, n.
1. Any agent that produces, or tends to produce, sleep; an opiate; a soporific; a narcotic.
2. A person who exhibits the phenomena of, or is subject to, hypnotism.
HYPNOTISM Hyp"no*tism, n. Etym: [Gr. hypnotisme.]
Defn: A form of sleep or somnambulism brought on by artificial means, in which there is an unusual suspension of some powers, and an unusual activity of others. It is induced by an action upon the nerves, through the medium of the senses, as in persons of very feeble organization, by gazing steadly at a very bright object held before the eyes, or by pressure upon certain points of the surface of the body.
HYPNOTIZATION Hyp`no*ti*za"tion, n.
Defn: The act or process of producing hypnotism.
HYPNOTIZE Hyp"no*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hypnotized; p. pr. & vb. n. Hypnotizing.]
Defn: To induce hypnotism in; to place in a state of hypnotism.
HYPNOTIZER Hyp"no*ti`zer, n.
Defn: One who hypnotizes.
HYPNUM Hyp"num, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: The largest genus of true mosses; feather moss.
HYPO- Hy"po-. Etym: [Gr. sub. See Sub-.]
1. A prefix signifying a less quantity, or a low state or degree, of that denoted by the word with which it is joined, or position under or beneath.
2. (Chem.)
Defn: A prefix denoting that the element to the name of which it is prefixed enters with a low valence, or in a low state of oxidization, usually the lowest, into the compounds indicated; as, hyposulphurous acid.
HYPO Hy"po, n.
Defn: Hypochondria. [Colloq.]
HYPO Hy"po, n. Etym: [Abbrev. from hyposulphite.] (Photog.)
Defn: Sodium hyposulphite, or thiosulphate, a solution of which is used as a bath to wash out the unchanged silver salts in a picture. [Colloq.]
HYPOARIAN Hy`po*a"ri*an, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to a hypoarion.
HYPOARION Hy`po*a"ri*on, n.; pl. Hypoaria. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)
Defn: An oval lobe beneath each of the optic lobes in many fishes; one of the inferior lobes. Owen.
HYPOBLAST Hy"po*blast, n. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + -blast.] (Biol.)
Defn: The inner or lower layer of the blastoderm; -- called also endoderm, entoderm, and sometimes hypoderm. See Illust. of Blastoderm, Delamination, and Ectoderm.
HYPOBLASTIC Hy`po*blas"tic, a. (Biol.)
Defn: Relating to, or connected with, the hypoblast; as, the hypoic sac.
HYPOBOLE Hy*pob"o*le, n. Etym: [Gr. (Rhet.)
Defn: A figure in which several things are mentioned that seem to make against the argument, or in favor of the opposite side, each of them being refuted in order.
HYPOBRANCHIAL Hy`po*bran"chi*al, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + branchial.] (Anat.)
Defn: Pertaining to the segment between the basibranchial and the ceratobranchial in a branchial arch. -- n.
Defn: A hypobranchial bone or cartilage.
HYPOCARP; HYPOCARPIUM Hy"po*carp, Hy`po*car"pi*um, n. Etym: [NL. hypocarpium, fr. Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: A fleshy enlargement of the receptacle, or for the stem, below the proper fruit, as in the cashew. See Illust. of Cashew.
HYPOCARPOGEAN Hy`po*car`po*ge"an, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: Producing fruit below the ground.
HYPOCAUST Hyp"o*caust, n. Etym: [L. hypocaustum, Gr. hypocauste.] (Anc. Arch.)
Defn: A furnace, esp. one connected with a series of small chambers and flues of tiles or other masonry through which the heat of a fire was distributed to rooms above. This contrivance, first used in bath, was afterwards adopted in private houses.
HYPOCHLORITE Hy`po*chlo"rite, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of hypochlorous acid; as, a calcium hypochloride.
HYPOCHLOROUS Hy`po*chlo"rous, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + chlorous.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, chlorine having a valence lower than in chlorous compounds. Hypochlorous acid (Chem.), an acid derived from chlorine, not known in a pure state, but forming various salts, called hypochlorites.
HYPOCHONDRES Hy`po*chon"dres, n. pl. Etym: [F. hypocondres, formerly spely hypochondres.]
Defn: The hypochondriac regions. See Hypochondrium.
HYPOCHONDRIA Hy`po*chon"dri*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)
Defn: Hypochondriasis; melancholy; the blues.
HYPOCHONDRIAC Hy`po*chon"dri*ac, a. Etym: [Gr. hypocondriaque, formerly spelt hypochondriaque.]
1. Of or pertaining to hypochondria, or the hypochondriac regions.
2. Affected, characterized, or produced, by hypochondriasis. Hypochondriac region (Anat.), a region on either side of the abdomen beneath the cartilages of the false ribs, beside the epigastric, and above the lumbar, region.
HYPOCHONDRIAC Hy`po*chon"dri*ac, n.
Defn: A person affected with hypochondriasis. He had become an incurable hypochondriac. Macaulay.
HYPOCHONDRIACAL Hy`po*chon"dri*a*cal, a.
Defn: Same as Hypochondriac, 2. -- Hy`po*chon"dri*a*cal*ly, adv.
HYPOCHONDRIACISM Hy`po*chon"dri*a*cism, n. (Med.)
Defn: Hypochondriasis. [R.]
HYPOCHONDRIASIS Hy`po*chon"dri*a*sis, n. Etym: [NL. So named because supposed to have its seat in the hypochondriac regions. See Hypochondriac, Hypochondrium, and cf. Hyp, 1st Hypo.] (Med.)
Defn: A mental disorder in which melancholy and gloomy views torment the affected person, particularly concerning his own health.
HYPOCHONDRIASM Hy`po*chon"dri*asm, n. (Med.)
Defn: Hypochondriasis. [R.]
HYPOCHONDRIUM Hy`po*chon"dri*um, n.; pl. L. Hypochondria, E. Hypochondriums. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Anat.)
Defn: Either of the hypochondriac regions.
HYPOCHONDRY Hy`po*chon"dry, n.
Defn: Hypochondriasis.
HYPOCIST Hyp"o*cist, n. Etym: [Gr. Cistus.]
Defn: An astringent inspissated juice obtained from the fruit of a plant (Cytinus hypocistis), growing from the roots of the Cistus, a small European shrub.
HYPOCLEIDIUM Hy`po*clei"di*um, n.; pl. L. Hypocleida, E. Hypocleidiums. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)
Defn: A median process on the furculum, or merrythought, of many birds, where it is connected with the sternum.
HYPOCORISTIC Hyp`o*co*ris"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: Endearing; diminutive; as, the hypocoristic form of a name. The hypocoristic or pet form of William. Dr. Murray.
HYPOCRATERIFORM Hyp`o*cra*ter"i*form, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + -form.] (Bot.)
Defn: hypocraterimorphous; salver-shaped. Wood.
HYPOCRATERIMORPHOUS Hyp`o*cra*ter`i*mor"phous, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: Salver-shaped; having a slender tube, expanding suddenly above into a bowl-shaped or spreading border, as in the blossom of the phlox and the lilac.
HYPOCRISY Hy*poc"ri*sy, n.; pl. Hypocrisies. Etym: [OE. hypocrisie, ypocrisie, OF. hypocrisie, ypocrisie, F. hypocrisie, L. hypocrisis, fr. Gr. Hypo-, and Critic.]
Defn: The act or practice of a hypocrite; a feigning to be what one is not, or to feel what one does not feel; a dissimulation, or a concealment of one's real character, disposition, or motives; especially, the assuming of false appearance of virtue or religion; a simulation of goodness. Hypocrisy is the necessary burden of villainy. Rambler. Hypocrisy is the homage vice pays to virtue. La Rochefoucauld (Trans. ).
HYPOCRITE Hyp"o*crite, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. hypocrita, Gr. Hypocrisy.]
Defn: One who plays a part; especially, one who, for the purpose of winning approbation of favor, puts on a fair outside seeming; one who feigns to be other and better than he is; a false pretender to virtue or piety; one who simulates virtue or piety. The hypocrite's hope shall perish. Job viii. 13. I dare swear he is no hypocrite, but prays from his heart. Shak.
Syn. -- Deceiver; pretender; cheat. See Dissembler.
HYPOCRITELY Hyp"o*crite*ly, adv.
Defn: Hypocritically. [R.] Sylvester.
HYPOCRITIC Hyp`o*crit"ic, a.
Defn: See Hypocritical. Swift.
HYPOCRITICAL Hyp`o*crit"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. hypocritique.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to a hypocrite, or to hypocrisy; as, a hypocriticalperson; a hypocritical look; a hypocritical action. Hypocritical professions of friendship and of pacific intentions were not spared. Macaulay. -- Hyp`o*crit"ic*al*ly, adv.
HYPOCRYSTALLINE Hyp`o*crys"tal*line, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + crystalline.] (Crystallog.)
Defn: Partly crystalline; -- said of rock which consists of crystals imbedded in a glassy ground mass.
HYPOCYCLOID Hy`po*cy"cloid, n. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + cycloid: cf. F. hypocycloïde.] (Geom.)
Defn: A curve traced by a point in the circumference of a circle which rolls on the concave side in the fixed circle. Cf. Epicycloid, and Trochoid.
HYPODACTYLUM Hyp`o*dac"ty*lum, n.; pl. -tyla. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The under side of the toes.
HYPODERM Hyp"o*derm, n. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + -derm.] (Biol.)
Defn: Same as Hypoblast.
HYPODERMA Hyp`o*der"ma, n. Etym: [NL. See Hypo, and derma.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A layer of tissue beneath the epidermis in plants, and performing the physiological function of strengthening the epidermal tissue. In phanerogamous plants it is developed as collenchyma.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: An inner cellular layer which lies beneath the chitinous cuticle of arthropods, annelids, and some other invertebrates.
HYPODERMATIC Hyp`o*der*mat"ic, a.
Defn: Hypodermic. -- Hyp`o*der*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.
HYPODERMIC Hyp`o*der"mic, a. Etym: [See Hypoderma.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to the parts under the skin. Hypodermic medication, the application of remedies under the epidermis, usually by means of a small syringe, called the hypodermic syringe. -- Hyp`o*der"mic*al*ly, adv.
HYPODERMIS Hyp`o*der"mis, n. Etym: [NL. See Hypo-, and Derma.]
1. (Biol.)
Defn: Same as Hypoblast.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Same as Hypoderma, 2.
HYPODICROTIC; HYPODICROTOUS Hyp`o*di*crot"ic, Hyp`o*di"cro*tous, a. (Physiol.)
Defn: Exhibiting retarded dicrotism; as, a hypodicrotic pulse curve.
HYPOGAEIC Hyp`o*gæ"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. gai^a, gh^, earth.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, the peanut, or earthnut (Arachis hypogæa). Hypogæic acid (Chem.), an acid in the oil of the earthnut, in which it exists as a glyceride, and from which it is extracted as a white, crystalline substance.
HYPOGASTRIC Hyp`o*gas"tric, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hypogastrique. See Hypogastrium.] (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the hypogastrium or the hypogastric region. Hypogastric region. (a) The lower part of the abdomen. (b) An arbitrary division of the abdomen below the umbilical and between the two iliac regions.
HYPOGASTRIUM Hyp`o*gas"tri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)
Defn: The lower part of the abdomen.
HYPOGEAN Hyp`o*ge"an, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: Hypogeous. [Written also hypogæan.]
HYPOGENE Hyp"o*gene, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + the root of Gr. hypogène.] (Geol.)
Defn: Formed or crystallized at depths the earth's surface; -- said of granite, gneiss, and other rocks, whose crystallization is believed of have taken place beneath a great thickness of overlying rocks. Opposed to epigene.
HYPOGEOUS Hyp`o*ge"ous, a. Etym: [See Hypogean.] (Bot.)
Defn: Growing under ground; remaining under ground; ripening its fruit under ground. [Written also hypogæous.]
HYPOGEUM Hyp`o*ge"um, n.; pl. Hypogea. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Anc. Arch.)
Defn: The subterraneous portion of a building, as in amphitheaters, for the service of the games; also, subterranean galleries, as the catacombs.
HYPOGLOSSAL Hyp`o*glos"sal, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Anat.)
Defn: Under the tongue; -- applied esp., in the higher vertebrates, to the twelfth or last pair of cranial nerves, which are distributed to the base of the tongue. -- n.
Defn: One of the hypoglossal nerves.
HYPOGNATOUS Hy*pog"na*tous, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having the maxilla, or lower jaw, longer than the upper, as in the skimmer.
HYPOGYN Hyp"o*gyn, n. (Bot.)
Defn: An hypogynous plant.
HYPOGYNOUS Hy*pog"y*nous, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. hypogyne.] (Bot.)
Defn: Inserted below the pistil or pistils; -- said of sepals, petals, and stamens; having the sepals, petals, and stamens inserted below the pistil; -- said of a flower or a plant. Gray.
HYPOHYAL Hy`po*hy"al, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Greek letter (Anat.)
Defn: Pertaining to one or more small elements in the hyoidean arch of fishes, between the caratohyal and urohyal. -- n.
Defn: One of the hypohyal bones or cartilages.
HYPONASTIC Hy`po*nas"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: Exhibiting a downward convexity caused by unequal growth. Cf. Epinastic.
HYPONASTY Hy`po*nas"ty, n. (Bot.)
Defn: Downward convexity, or convexity of the inferior surface.
HYPONITRITE Hy`po*ni"trite, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of hyponitrous acid.
HYPONITROUS Hy`po*ni"trous, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + nitrous.] (Chem.)
Defn: Containing or derived from nitrogen having a lower valence than in nitrous compounds. Hyponitrous acid (Chem.), an unstable nitrogen acid, NOH, whose salts are produced by reduction of the nitrates, although the acid itself is not isolated in the free state except as a solution in water; -- called also nitrosylic acid.
HYPOPHARYNX Hy`po*phar"ynx, n. Etym: [NL. See Hypo-, and Pharynx.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: An appendage or fold on the lower side of the pharynx, in certain insects.
HYPOPHOSPHATE Hy`po*phos"phate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of hypophosphoric acid.
HYPOPHOSPHITE Hy`po*phos"phite, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of hypophosphorous acid.
HYPOPHOSPHORIC Hy`po*phos*phor"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + phosphoric.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, or containing, phosphorus in a lower state of oxidation than in phosphoric compounds; as, hypophosphoric acid. Hypophosphoric acid (Chem.), an acid, P2H4O6, produced by the slow oxidation of moist phosphorus, and isolated only as a solution in water. It is regarded as a condensation product of one molecule of phosphoric acid with one of phosphorous acid, by partial dehydration.
HYPOPHOSPHOROUS Hy`po*phos"phor*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + phosphorous.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, phosphorus in a lower state of oxidation than in phosphoric compounds; as, hypophosphorous acid. Hypophosphorous acid (Chem.) , an acid, H3PO2, whose salts are produced by the action of barium hygrate on phosphorus. It may be obtained from its water solution, by exaporation and freezing, as a white crystalline substance. It is a powerful reducing agent.
HYPOPHYLLOUS Hy*poph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: Being or growing on the under side of a leaf, as the fruit dots of ferns.
HYPOPHYSIAL Hy`po*phys"i*al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the hypophysis; pituitary.
HYPOPHYSIS Hy*poph"y*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
1. (Anat.)
Defn: See Pituitary body, under Pituitary.
2. (Med.)
Defn: Cataract.
HYPOPLASTRON Hy`po*plas"tron, n.; pl. Hypoplastra. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + plastron.] (Anat.)
Defn: The third lateral plate in the plastron of turtles; -- called also hyposternum.
HYPOPTILUM Hy*pop"ti*lum, n.; pl. L. Hypoptila, E. Hypoptilums. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: An accessory plume arising from the posterior side of the stem of the contour feathers of many birds; -- called also aftershaft. See Illust. of Feather.
HYPORADIUS Hy`po*ra"di*us, n.; pl. Hyporadii. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + radius.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the barbs of the hypoptilum, or aftershaft of a feather. See Feather.
HYPORHACHIS Hy`po*rha"chis, n.; pl. Hyporhachides. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The stem of an aftershaft or hypoptilum. [Written also hyporachis.]
HYPOSKELETAL Hy`po*skel"e*tal, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + skeletal.] (Anat.)
Defn: Beneath the endoskeleton; hypaxial; as, the hyposkeletal muscles; -- opposed to episkeletal.
HYPOSPADIAS Hy`po*spa"di*as, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)
Defn: A deformity of the penis, in which the urethra opens upon its under surface.
HYPOSTASIS Hy*pos"ta*sis, n.; pl. Hypostases. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Hypo-, and Stand.]
1. That which forms the basis of anything; underlying principle; a concept or mental entity conceived or treated as an existing being or thing.
2. (Theol.)
Defn: Substance; subsistence; essence; person; personality; -- used by the early theologians to denote any one of the three subdivisions of the Godhead, the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
Note: The Council of Alexandria (a.d. 362) defined hypostasis as synonymous with person. Schaff-Herzog.
3. Principle; an element; -- used by the alchemists in speaking of salt, sulphur, and mercury, which they considered as the three principles of all material bodies.
4. (Med.)
Defn: That which is deposited at the bottom of a fluid; sediment.
HYPOSTASIZE Hy*pos"ta*size, v. t.
Defn: To make into a distinct substance; to conceive or treat as an existing being; to hypostatize. [R.] The pressed Newtonians . . . refused to hypostasize the law of gravitation into an ether. Coleridge.
HYPOSTATIC; HYPOSTATICAL Hy`po*stat"ic, Hy`po*stat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. hypostatique.]
1. Relating to hypostasis, or substance; hence, constitutive, or elementary. The grand doctrine of the chymists, touching their three hypostatical principles. Boyle.
2. Personal, or distinctly personal; relating to the divine hypostases, or substances. Bp. Pearson.
3. (Med.)
Defn: Depending upon, or due to, deposition or setting; as, hypostatic cognestion, cognestion due to setting of blood by gravitation. Hypostatic union (Theol.), the union of the divine with the human nature of Christ. Tillotson.
HYPOSTATICALLY Hy`po*stat"ic*al*ly, adv.
Defn: In a hypostatic manner.
HYPOSTATIZE Hy*pos"ta*tize, v. t.
1. To make into, or regarded as, a separate and distinct substance. Looked upon both species and genera as hypostatized universals. Pop. Sci. Monthly.
2. To attribute actual or personal existence to. Sir W. Hamilton.
HYPOSTERNUM Hy`po*ster"num, n.; pl. L. Hyposterna, E. Hyposternums. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + sternum.] (Anat.)
Defn: See Hypoplastron.
HYPOSTOME; HYPOSTOMA Hy"po*stome, Hy*pos"to*ma, n. Etym: [NL. hypostoma, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The lower lip of trilobites, crustaceans, etc.
HYPOSTROPHE Hy*pos"tro*phe, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) (a) The act of a patient turning himself. (b) A relapse, or return of a disease.
HYPOSTYLE Hy"po*style, a. Etym: [Gr. (Arch.)
Defn: Resting upon columns; constructed by means of columns; -- especially applied to the great hall at Karnak.
HYPOSULPHATE Hy`po*sul"phate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of hyposulphuric acid.
HYPOSULPHITE Hy`po*sul"phite, n. (Chem.) (a) A salt of what was formerly called hyposulphurous acid; a thiosulphate. [Obs.] (b) A salt of hyposulphurous acid proper.
HYPOSULPHURIC Hy`po*sul*phur"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + sulphuric.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, sulphur in a lower state of oxidation than in the sulphuric compounds; as, hyposulphuric acid. Hyposulphuric acid, an acid, H2S2O6, obtained by the action of manganese dioxide on sulphur dioxide, and known only in a watery solution and in its salts; -- called also dithionic acid. See Dithionic.
HYPOSULPHUROUS Hy`po*sul"phur*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + sulphurous.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, sulphur, all, or a part, in a low state of oxidation. Hyposulphurous acid. (a) Thiosulphuric acid. [Obs.] (b) An acid, H2SO2, obtained by the reduction of sulphurous acid. It is not obtained in the free state, but in an orange-yellow water solution, which is a strong reducing and bleaching agent. Called also hydrosulphurous acid.
HYPOTARSUS Hy`po*tar"sus, n.; pl. Hypotarsi. Etym: [NL. See Hypo-, and Tarsus.] (Anat.)
Defn: A process on the posterior side of the tarsometatarsus of many birds; the calcaneal process. -- Hy`po*tar"sal, a.
HYPOTENUSE; HYPOTHENUSE Hy*pot"e*nuse, Hy*poth"e*nuse, n. Etym: [L. hypotenusa, Gr. Subtend.] (Geom.)
Defn: The side of a right-angled triangle that is opposite to the right angle.
HYPOTHEC Hy*poth"ec, n. Etym: [F. hypothèque. See Hypotheca.] (Scot. Law)
Defn: A landlord's right, independently of stipulation, over the stocking (cattle, implements, etc.), and crops of his tenant, as security for payment of rent.
HYPOTHECA Hy`po*the"ca, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Hypothesis.] (Rom. Law)
Defn: An obligation by which property of a debtor was made over to his creditor in security of his debt.
Note: It differed from pledge in regard to possession of the property subject to the obligation; pledge requiring, simple hypotheca not requiring, possession of it by the creditor. The modern mortgage corresponds very closely with it. Kent.
HYPOTHECATE Hy*poth"e*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hypothecated; p. pr. & vb. n. Hypothecating.] Etym: [LL. hypothecatus, p.p. of hypothecare to pledge, fr. L. hypotheca pledge, security. See Hypotheca.] (Law)
Defn: To subject, as property, to liability for a debt or engagement without delivery of possession or transfer of title; to pledge without delivery of possession; to mortgage, as ships, or other personal property; to make a contract by bottomry. See Hypothecation, Bottomry. He had found the treasury empty and the pay of the navy in arrear. He had no power to hypothecate any part of the public revenue. Those who lent him money lent it on no security but his bare word. Macaulay.
HYPOTHECATION Hy*poth`e*ca"tion, n. Etym: [LL. hypothecatio.]
1. (Civ. Law)
Defn: The act or contract by which property is hypothecated; a right which a creditor has in or to the property of his debtor, in virtue of which he may cause it to be sold and the price appropriated in payment of his debt. This is a right in the thing, or jus in re. Pothier. B. R. Curtis. There are but few cases, if any, in our law, where an hypothecation, in the strict sense of the Roman law, exists; that is a pledge without possession by the pledgee. Story.
Note: In the modern civil law, this contract has no application to movable property, not even to ships, to which and their cargoes it is most frequently applied in England and America. See Hypothecate. B. R. Curtis. Domat.
2. (Law of Shipping)
Defn: A contract whereby, in consideration of money advanced for the necessities of the ship, the vessel, freight, or cargo is made liable for its repayment, provided the ship arrives in safety. It is usually effected by a bottomry bond. See Bottomry.
Note: This term is often applied to mortgages of ships.
HYPOTHECATOR Hy*poth"e*ca`tor, n. (Law)
Defn: One who hypothecates or pledges anything as security for the repayment of money borrowed.
HYPOTHENAL; HYPOTHENAR Hy*poth"e*nal, Hy*poth"e*nar, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + thenar.] (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the prominent part of the palm of the hand above the base of the little finger, or a corresponding part in the forefoot of an animal; as, the hypothenar eminence.
HYPOTHENAR Hy*poth"e*nar, n. (Anat.)
Defn: The hypothenar eminence.
HYPOTHENUSAL Hy*poth`e*nu"sal, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to hypothenuse. [R.]
HYPOTHENUSE Hy*poth"e*nuse, n.
Defn: Same as Hypotenuse.
HYPOTHESIS Hy*poth"e*sis, n.; pl. Hypotheses. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Hypo-, Thesis.]
1. A supposition; a proposition or principle which is supposed or taken for granted, in order to draw a conclusion or inference for proof of the point in question; something not proved, but assumed for the purpose of argument, or to account for a fact or an occurrence; as, the hypothesis that head winds detain an overdue steamer. An hypothesis being a mere supposition, there are no other limits to hypotheses than those of the human imagination. J. S. Mill.
2. (Natural Science)
Defn: A tentative theory or supposition provisionally adopted to explain certain facts, and to guide in the investigation of others; hence, frequently called a working hypothesis.
Syn. -- Supposition; assumption. See Theory. Nebular hypothesis. See under Nebular.
HYPOTHETIC; HYPOTHETICAL Hy`po*thet"ic, Hy`po*thet"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. hypotheticus, Gr. hypothétique.]
Defn: Characterized by, or of the nature of, an hypothesis; conditional; assumed without proof, for the purpose of reasoning and deducing proof, or of accounting for some fact or phenomenon. Causes hypothetical at least, if not real, for the various phenomena of the existence of which our experience informs us. Sir W. Hamilton. Hypothetical baptism (Ch. of Eng.), baptism administered to persons in respect to whom it is doubtful whether they have or have not been baptized before. Hook. -- Hy`po*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. South.
HYPOTHETIST Hy*poth"e*tist, n.
Defn: One who proposes or supports an hypothesis. [R.]
HYPOTRACHELIUM Hy`po*tra*che"li*um, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Arch.)
Defn: Same as Gorgerin.
HYPOTRICHA Hy*pot"ri*cha, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A division of ciliated Infusoria in which the cilia cover only the under side of the body.
HYPOTROCHOID Hy`po*tro"choid, n. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + trochoid.] (Geom.)
Defn: A curve, traced by a point in the radius, or radius produced, of a circle which rolls upon the concave side of a fixed circle. See Hypocycloid, Epicycloid, and Trochoid.
HYPOTYPOSIS Hy`po*ty*po"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)
Defn: A vivid, picturesque description of scenes or events.
HYPOXANTHIN Hy`po*xan"thin, n. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + xanthin.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Defn: A crystalline, nitrogenous substance, closely related to xanthin and uric acid, widely distributed through the animal body, but especially in muscle tissue; -- called also sarcin, sarkin.
HYPOZOIC Hy`po*zo"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Geol.)
Defn: Anterior in age to the lowest rocks which contain organic remains. Lyell.
HYPPISH Hyp"pish, a. Etym: [From Hyp.]
Defn: Affected with hypochondria; hypped. [Written also hyppish.]
HYPPOGRIFF Hyp"po*griff, n.
Defn: See Hyppogriff.
HYPSILOID Hyp"si*loid, a. Etym: [From -oid.] (Anat.)
Defn: Resembling the Greek letter
HYPSOMETER Hyp*som"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Physics)
Defn: An instrument for measuring heights by observation of barometric pressure; esp., one for determining heights by ascertaining the boiling point of water. It consists of a vessel for water, with a lamp for heating it, and an inclosed thermometer for showing the temperature of ebullition.
HYPSOMETRIC; HYPSOMETRICAL Hyp`so*met"ric, Hyp`so*met"ric*al, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to hypsometry.
HYPSOMETRY Hyp*som"e*try, n.
Defn: That branch of the science of geodesy which has to do with the measurement of heights, either absolutely with reference to the sea level, or relatively.
HYPURAL Hy*pu"ral, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Anat.)
Defn: Under the tail; -- applied to the bones which support the caudal fin rays in most fishes.
HYRACOID Hy"ra*coid, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Hyracoidea. -- n.
Defn: One of the Hyracoidea.
HYRACOIDEA Hyr`a*coi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Hyrax, and oid.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: An order of small hoofed mammals, comprising the single living genus Hyrax.
HYRAX Hy"rax, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any animal of the genus Hyrax, of which about four species are known. They constitute the order Hyracoidea. The best known species are the daman (H. Syriacus) of Palestine, and the klipdas (H. capensis) of South Africa. Other species are H. arboreus and H. Sylvestris, the former from Southern, and the latter from Western, Africa. See Daman.
HYRCANIAN; HYRCAN Hyr*ca"ni*an, Hyr"can, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Hyrcania, an ancient country or province of Asia, southeast of the Caspian (which was also called the Hyracanian) Sea. "The Hyrcan tiger." "Hyracanian deserts." Shak.
HYRSE Hyrse, n. Etym: [G. hirse, OHG. hirsi.] (Bot.)
Defn: Millet.
HYRST Hyrst, n.
Defn: A wood. See Hurst.
HYSON Hy"son, n. Etym: [Chin. hi-tshun, lit., first crop, or blooming spring.]
Defn: A fragrant kind of green tea. Hyson skin, the light and inferior leaves separated from the hyson by a winnowing machine. M'Culloch.
HYSSOP Hys"sop, n. Etym: [OE. hysope, ysope, OF. ysope, F. hysope, hyssope, L. hysopum, hyssopum, hyssopus, Gr. esov.]
Defn: A plant (Hyssopus officinalis). The leaves have an aromatic smell, and a warm, pungent taste.
Note: The hyssop of Scripture is supposed to be a species of caper (Capparis spinosa), but probably the name was used for several different plants.
HYSTERANTHOUS Hys`ter*an"thous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: Having the leaves expand after the flowers have opened. Henslow.
HYSTERESIS Hys`te*re"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Physics)
Defn: A lagging or retardation of the effect, when the forces acting upon a body are changed, as if from velocity or internal friction; a temporary resistance to change from a condition previously invuced, observed in magnetism, thermoelectricity, etc., on reversal of polarity.
HYSTERETIC Hys`ter*et"ic, a. (Elec.)
Defn: Of or pert. to hysteresis. -- Hysteretic constant, the hysteretic loss in ergs per cubic centimeter per cycle.
HYSTERIA Hys*te"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL.: cf. F. hystérie. See Hysteric.] (Med.)
Defn: A nervous affection, occurring almost exclusively in women, in which the emotional and reflex excitability is exaggerated, and the will power correspondingly diminished, so that the patient loses control over the emotions, becomes the victim of imaginary sensations, and often falls into paroxism or fits.
Note: The chief symptoms are convulsive, tossing movements of the limbs and head, uncontrollable crying and laughing, and a choking sensation as if a ball were lodged in the throat. The affection presents the most varied symptoms, often simulating those of the gravest diseases, but generally curable by mental treatment alone.
HYSTERIC; HYSTERICAL Hys*ter"ic, Hys*ter"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. hystericus, Gr. utter, out.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to hysteria; affected, or troubled, with hysterics; convulsive, fitful. With no hysteric weakness or feverish excitement, they preserved their peace and patience. Bancroft.
HYSTERICS Hys*ter"ics, n. pl. (Med.)
Defn: Hysteria.
HYSTEROEPILEPSY Hys`ter*o*ep"i*lep`sy, n. Etym: [Hysteria + epilepsy.] (Med.)
Defn: A disease resembling hysteria in its nature, and characterized by the occurrence of epileptiform convulsions, which can often be controlled or excited by pressure on the ovaries, and upon other definite points in the body. -- Hys`ter*o*ep`i*lep"tic, a.
HYSTEROGENIC Hys`ter*o*gen"ic, a. Etym: [Hysteria + root of Gr. (Physiol.)
Defn: Producing hysteria; as, the hysterogenicpressure points on the surface of the body, pressure upon which is said both to produce and arrest an attack of hysteria. De Watteville.
HYSTEROLOGY Hys`ter*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. hystérologie.] (Rhet.)
Defn: A figure by which the ordinary course of thought is inverted in expression, and the last put first; -- called also hysteron proteron.
HYSTERON PROTERON Hys"te*ron prot"e*ron. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) (a) A figure in which the natural order of sense is reversed; hysterology; as, valet atque vivit, "he is well and lives." (b) An inversion of logical order, in which the conclusion is put before the premises, or the thing proved before the evidence.
HYSTEROPHYTE Hys*ter"o*phyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: A plant, like the fungus, which lives on dead or living organic matter. -- Hys`ter*oph"y*tal, a.
HYSTEROTOMY Hys`ter*ot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. hystérotomie.] (Med.)
Defn: The Cæsarean section. See under Cæsarean.
HYSTRICINE Hys"tri*cine, a. Etym: [See Hystrix.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Like or pertaining to the porcupines.
HYSTRICOMORPHOUS Hys`tri*co*mor"phous, a. Etym: [Hystrix + Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Like, or allied to, the porcupines; -- said of a group (Hystricomorpha) of rodents.
HYSTRIX Hys"trix, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of rodents, including the porcupine.
HYTHE Hythe, n.
Defn: A small haven. See Hithe. [Obs.]
I
1. I, the ninth letter of the English alphabet, takes its form from the Phoenician, through the Latin and the Greek. The Phoenician letter was probably of Egyptian origin. Its original value was nearly the same as that of the Italian I, or long e as in mete. Etymologically I is most closely related to e, y, j, g; as in dint, dent, beverage, L. bibere; E. kin, AS. cynn; E. thin, AS. ynne; E. dominion, donjon, dungeon. In English I has two principal vowel sounds: the long sound, as in pine, ice; and the short sound, as in pîn. It has also three other sounds: (a) That of e in term, as in thirst. (b) That of e in mete (in words of foreign origin), as in machine, pique, regime. (c) That of consonant y (in many words in which it precedes another vowel), as in bunion, million, filial, Christian, etc. It enters into several digraphs, as in fail, field, seize, feign. friend; and with o often forms a proper diphtong, as in oil, join, coin.
See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 98-106.
Note: The dot which we place over the small or lower case i dates only from the 14th century. The sounds of I and J were originally represented by the same character, and even after the introduction of the form J into English dictionaries, words containing these letters were, till a comparatively recent time, classed together.
2. In our old authors, I was often used for ay (or aye), yes, which is pronounced nearly like it.
3. As a numeral, I stands for 1, II for 2, etc.
I- I-, prefix.
Defn: See Y-.
I I, pron. [poss. My or Mine (; object. Me. pl. nom. We (; poss. Our or Ours (; object. Us.] Etym: [OE. i, ich, ic, AS. ic; akin to OS. & D. ik, OHG. ih, G. ich, Icel. ek, Dan. jeg, Sw. jag, Goth. ik, OSlav. az', Russ. ia, W. i, L. ego, Gr. aham. sq. root179. Cf. Egoism.]
Defn: The nominative case of the pronoun of the first person; the word with which a speaker or writer denotes himself.
IAMATOLOGY I*am`a*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.] (Med.)
Defn: Materia Medica; that branch of therapeutics which treats of remedies.
IAMB I"amb, n. Etym: [Cf. F. iambe. See Lambus.]
Defn: An iambus or iambic. [R.]
IAMBIC I*am"bic, a. Etym: [L. iambicus, Gr. iambique.]
1. (Pros.)
Defn: Consisting of a short syllable followed by a long one, or of an unaccented syllable followed by an accented; as, an iambic foot.
2. Pertaining to, or composed of, iambics; as, an iambic verse; iambic meter. See Lambus.
IAMBIC I*am"bic, n.
1. (Pros.) (a) An iambic foot; an iambus. (b) A verse composed of iambic feet.
Note: The following couplet consists of iambic verses. Thy gen- | ius calls | thee not | to pur- | chase fame In keen | iam- | bics, but | mild an- | agram. Dryden.
2. A satirical poem (such poems having been anciently written in iambic verse); a satire; a lampoon.
IAMBICAL I*am"bic*al, a.
Defn: Iambic. [Obs. or R.]
IAMBICALLY I*am"bic*al*ly, adv.
Defn: In a iambic manner; after the manner of iambics.
IAMBIZE I*am"bize, v. t. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: To satirize in iambics; to lampoon. [R.]
IAMBUS I*am"bus, n.; pl. L. Iambi, E. Iambuses. Etym: [L. iambus, Gr. jacere to throw. Cf. Jet a shooting forth.] (Pros.)
Defn: A foot consisting of a short syllable followed by a long one, as in âmans, or of an unaccented syllable followed by an accented one, as invent; an iambic. See the Couplet under Iambic, n.
IANTHINA I*an"thi*na, n.; pl. L. Ianthinæ, E. Ianthinas. Etym: [NL., fr. L. ianthinus violet-blue, Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any gastropod of the genus Ianthina, of which various species are found living in mid ocean; -- called also purple shell, and violet snail. [Written also janthina.]
Note: It floats at the surface by means of a raft, which it constructs by forming and uniting together air bubbles of hardened mucus. The Tyrian purple of the ancients was obtained in part from mollusks of this genus.
IATRALIPTIC I*a`tra*lip"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. iatraliptique.]
Defn: Treating diseases by anointing and friction; as, the iatraliptic method. [Written also iatroleptic.]
IATRIC; IATRICAL I*at"ric, I*at"ric*al, a. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: Of or pertaining to medicine, or to medical men.
IATROCHEMICAL I*a`tro*chem"ic*al, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to iatrochemistry, or to the iatrochemists.
IATROCHEMIST I*a`tro*chem"ist, n. Etym: [Gr. chemist.]
Defn: A physician who explained or treated diseases upon chemical principles; one who practiced iatrochemistry.
IATROCHEMISTRY I*a`tro*chem"is*try, n.
Defn: Chemistry applied to, or used in, medicine; -- used especially with reference to the doctrines in the school of physicians in Flanders, in the 17th century, who held that health depends upon the proper chemical relations of the fluids of the body, and who endeavored to explain the conditions of health or disease by chemical principles.
IATROMATHEMATICAL I*a`tro*math`e*mat"ic*al, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to iatromathematicians or their doctrine.
IATROMATHEMATICIAN I*a`tro*math`e*ma*ti"cian, n. Etym: [Gr. mathematician.] (Hist. Med.)
Defn: One of a school of physicians in Italy, about the middle of the 17th century, who tried to apply the laws of mechanics and mathematics to the human body, and hence were eager student of anatomy; -- opposed to the iatrochemists.
IBERIAN I*be"ri*an, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Iberia.
IBEX I"bex, n.; pl. E. Ibexes, L. Ibices. Etym: [L., a kind of goat, the chamois.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of several species of wild goats having very large, recurved horns, transversely ridged in front; -- called also steinbok.
Note: The Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) is the best known. The Spanish, or Pyrenean, ibex (C. Hispanica) has smoother and more spreading horns.
IBIDEM I*bi"dem, adv. Etym: [L.]
Defn: In the same place; -- abbreviated ibid. or ib.
IBIS I"bis, n. Etym: [L. ibis, Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any bird of the genus Ibis and several allied genera, of the family Ibidæ, inhabiting both the Old World and the New. Numerous species are known. They are large, wading birds, having a long, curved beak, and feed largely on reptiles.
Note: The sacred ibis of the ancient Egyptians (Ibis Æthiopica) has the head and neck black, without feathers. The plumage of the body and wings is white, except the tertiaries, which are lengthened and form a dark purple plume. In ancient times this bird was extensively domesticated in Egypt, but it is now seldom seen so far north. The glossy ibis (Plegadis autumnalis), which is widely distributed both in the Old World and the New, has the head and neck feathered, except between the eyes and bill; the scarlet ibis (Guara rubra) and the white ibis (G. alba) inhabit the West Indies and South America, and are rarely found in the United States. The wood ibis (Tantalus loculator) of America belongs to the Stork family (Ciconidæ). See Wood ibis.
-IBLE -i*ble
Defn: . See -able.
IBSENISM Ib"sen*ism, n.
Defn: The dramatic practice or purpose characteristic of the writings of Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906), Norwegian poet and dramatist, whose best-known plays deal with conventional hypocrisies, the story in each play thus developing a definite moral problem.
-IC -ic. Etym: [L. -icus, Gr. ique.]
1. A suffix signifying, in general, relating to, or characteristic of; as, historic, hygienic, telegraphic, etc.
2. (Chem.)
Defn: A suffix, denoting that the element indicated enters into certain compounds with its highest valence, or with a valence relatively higher than in compounds where the name of the element ends in -ous; as, ferric, sulphuric. It is also used in the general sense of pertaining to; as, hydric, sodic, calcic.
ICARIAN I*ca"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. Icarius, Gr.
Defn: Soaring too high for safety, like Icarus; adventurous in flight.
ICE Ice, n. Etym: [OE. is, iis, AS. is; aksin to D. ijs, G. eis, OHG. is, Icel. iss, Sw. is, Dan. iis, and perh. to E. iron.]
1. Water or other fluid frozen or reduced to the solid state by cold; frozen water. It is a white or transparent colorless substance, crystalline, brittle, and viscoidal. Its specific gravity (0.92, that of water at 4° C. being 1.0) being less than that of water, ice floats.
Note: Water freezes at 32° F. or 0° Cent., and ice melts at the same temperature. Ice owes its cooling properties to the large amount of heat required to melt it.
2. Concreted sugar. Johnson.
3. Water, cream, custard, etc., sweetened, flavored, and artificially frozen.
4. Any substance having the appearance of ice; as, camphor ice. Anchor ice, ice which sometimes forms about stones and other objects at the bottom of running or other water, and is thus attached or anchored to the ground. -- Bay ice, ice formed in bays, fiords, etc., often in extensive fields which drift out to sea. -- Ground ice, anchor ice. -- Ice age (Geol.), the glacial epoch or period. See under Glacial. -- Ice anchor (Naut.), a grapnel for mooring a vessel to a field of ice. Kane. -- Ice blink Etym: [Dan. iisblink], a streak of whiteness of the horizon, caused by the reflection of light from ice not yet in sight. -- Ice boat. (a) A boat fitted with skates or runners, and propelled on ice by sails; an ice yacht. (b) A strong steamboat for breaking a channel through ice. -- Ice box or chest, a box for holding ice; a box in which things are kept cool by means of ice; a refrigerator. -- Ice brook, a brook or stream as cold as ice. [Poetic] Shak. -- Ice cream Etym: [for iced cream], cream, milk, or custard, sweetened, flavored, and frozen. -- Ice field, an extensive sheet of ice. -- Ice float, Ice floe, a sheet of floating ice similar to an ice field, but smaller. -- Ice foot, shore ice in Arctic regions; an ice belt. Kane. -- Ice house, a close-covered pit or building for storing ice. -- Ice machine (Physics), a machine for making ice artificially, as by the production of a low temperature through the sudden expansion of a gas or vapor, or the rapid evaporation of a volatile liquid. -- Ice master. See Ice pilot (below). -- Ice pack, an irregular mass of broken and drifting ice. -- Ice paper, a transparent film of gelatin for copying or reproducing; papier glacé. -- Ice petrel (Zoöl.), a shearwater (Puffinus gelidus) of the Antarctic seas, abundant among floating ice. -- Ice pick, a sharp instrument for breaking ice into small pieces. -- Ice pilot, a pilot who has charge of a vessel where the course is obstructed by ice, as in polar seas; -- called also ice master. -- Ice pitcher, a pitcher adapted for ice water. -- Ice plow, a large tool for grooving and cutting ice. ice sculpture = a sculpture carved from a block of ice, often used for decorating restaurants. ice show an entertainment consisting of ice skaters performing figure-skating on a sheet of ice, usually in an arena, often accompanied by music. -- Ice sludge, bay ice broken small by the wind or waves; sludge. -- Ice spar (Min.), a variety of feldspar, the crystals of which are very clear like ice; rhyacolite. -- Ice tongs, large iron nippers for handling ice. -- Ice water. (a) Water cooled by ice. (b) Water formed by the melting of ice. -- Ice yacht. See Ice boat (above). -- To break the ice. See under Break. -- Water ice, a confection consisting of water sweetened, flavored, and frozen.
ICE Ice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Iced; p. pr. & vb. n. Icing.]
1. To cover with ice; to convert into ice, or into something resembling ice.
2. To cover with icing, or frosting made of sugar and milk or white of egg; to frost, as cakes, tarts, etc.
3. To chill or cool, as with ice; to freeze.
ICEBERG Ice"berg`, n. Etym: [Prob. of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. iisbierg, Sw. isberg, properly, a mountain of ice. See Ice, and Berg.]
Defn: A large mass of ice, generally floating in the ocean.
Note: Icebergs are large detached portions of glaciers, which in cold regions often project into the sea.
ICEBIRD Ice"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: An Arctic sea bird, as the Arctic fulmar.
ICEBOUND Ice"bound`, a.
Defn: Totally surrounded with ice, so as to be incapable of advancing; as, an icebound vessel; also, surrounded by or fringed with ice so as to hinder easy access; as, an icebound coast.
ICE-BUILT Ice"-built`, a.
1. Composed of ice.
2. Loaded with ice. "Ice-built mountains." Gray.
ICED Iced, a.
1. Covered with ice; chilled with ice; as, iced water.
2. Covered with something resembling ice, as sugar icing; frosted; as, iced cake. Iced cream. Same as Ice cream, under Ice.
ICEFALL Ice"fall`, n.
Defn: A frozen waterfall, or mass of ice resembling a frozen waterfall. Coleridge.
ICELANDER Ice"land*er, n.
Defn: A native, or one of the Scandinavian people, of Iceland.
ICELANDIC Ice*lan"dic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Iceland; relating to, or resembling, the Icelanders.
ICELANDIC Ice*lan"dic, n.
Defn: The language of the Icelanders. It is one of the Scandinavian group, and is more nearly allied to the Old Norse than any other language now spoken.
ICELAND MOSS Ice"land moss`. (Bot.)
Defn: A kind of lichen (Cetraria Icelandica) found from the Arctic regions to the North Temperate zone. It furnishes a nutritious jelly and other forms of food, and is used in pulmonary complaints as a demulcent.
ICELAND SPAR Ice"land spar`. (Min.)
Defn: A transparent variety of calcite, the best of which is obtained in Iceland. It is used for the prisms of the polariscope, because of its strong double refraction. Cf. Calcite.
ICEMAN Ice"man, n.; pl. Icemen (.
1. A man who is skilled in traveling upon ice, as among glaciers.
2. One who deals in ice; one who retails or delivers ice.
ICE PLANT Ice" plant`. (Bot.)
Defn: A plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum), sprinkled with pellucid, watery vesicles, which glisten like ice. It is native along the Mediterranean, in the Canaries, and in South Africa. Its juice is said to be demulcent and diuretic; its ashes are used in Spain in making glass. Ice-skater = one who skates on ice wearing an ice skate; esp. an athlete who performs athletic or artistic movements on a sheet of ice, wearing ice skates; including speed skater and figure skater
ICEQUAKE Ice"quake`, n.
Defn: The crash or concussion attending the breaking up of masses of ice, -- often due to contraction from extreme cold.
ICH Ich, pron.
Defn: I. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Note: In the Southern dialect of Early English this is the regular form. Cf. Ik.
ICHNEUMON Ich*neu"mon, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any carnivorous mammal of the genus Herpestes, and family Viverridæ. Numerous species are found in Asia and Africa. The Egyptian species(H. ichneumon), which ranges to Spain and Palestine, is noted for destroying the eggs and young of the crocodile as well as various snakes and lizards, and hence was considered sacred by the ancient Egyptians. The common species of India (H. griseus), known as the mongoose, has similar habits and is often domesticated. It is noted for killing the cobra.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any hymenopterous insect of the family Ichneumonidæ, of which several thousand species are known, belonging to numerous genera.
Note: The female deposits her eggs upon, or in, the bodies of other insects, such as caterpillars, plant lice, etc. The larva lives upon the internal tissues of the insect in which it is parasitic, and finally kills it. Hence, many of the species are beneficial to agriculture by destroying noxious insects. Ichneumon fly. See Ichneumon, 2.
ICHNEUMONIDAN Ich`neu*mon"i*dan, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Ichneumonidæ, or ichneumon flies. -- n.
Defn: One of the Ichneumonidæ.
ICHNEUMONIDES Ich`neu*mon"i*des, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Ichneumon.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The ichneumon flies.
ICHNITE Ich"nite, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: A fossil footprint; as, the ichnites in the Triassic sandstone. Page.
ICHNOGRAPHIC; ICHNOGRAPHICAL Ich`no*graph"ic, Ich`no*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ichonographique.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to ichonography; describing a ground plot.
ICHNOGRAPHY Ich*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. ichonographie.] (Drawing)
Defn: A horizontal section of a building or other object, showing its true dimensions according to a geometric scale; a ground plan; a map; also, the art of making such plans.
ICHNOLITE Ich"no*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.]
Defn: A fossil footprint; an ichnite.
ICHNOLITHOLOGY Ich`no*li*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -lith + -logy.]
Defn: Same as Ichnology. Hitchcock.
ICHNOLOGICAL Ich`no*log"ic*al, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to ichnology.
ICHNOLOGY Ich*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.] (Geol.)
Defn: The branch of science which treats of fossil footprints.
ICHNOSCOPY Ich*nos"co*py, n. Etym: [Gr. -scopy.]
Defn: The search for the traces of anything. [R.]
ICHOR I"chor, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. ichor.]
1. (Class. Myth.)
Defn: An ethereal fluid that supplied the place of blood in the veins of the gods.
2. A thin, acrid, watery discharge from an ulcer, wound, etc.
ICHORHAEMIA I`chor*hæ"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)
Defn: Infection of the blood with ichorous or putrid substances.
ICHOROUS I"chor*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ichoreux.]
Defn: Of or like ichor; thin; watery; serous; sanious.
ICHTHIDIN Ich"thi*din, n. (Physiol. Chem.)
Defn: A substance from the egg yolk of osseous fishes.
ICHTHIN Ich"thin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)
Defn: A nitrogenous substance resembling vitellin, present in the egg yolk of cartilaginous fishes.
ICHTHULIN Ich"thu*lin, n. (Physiol. Chem.)
Defn: A substance from the yolk of salmon's egg.
ICHTHUS Ich"thus, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: In early Christian and eccesiastical art, an emblematic fish, or the Greek word for fish, which combined the initials of the Greek words
ICHTHYIC Ich"thy*ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Like, or pertaining to, fishes.
ICHTHYOCOL; ICHTHYOCOLLA Ich"thy*o*col, Ich`thy*o*col"la, n. Etym: [L. ichthyocolla, Gr. ichthyocolle.]
Defn: Fish glue; isinglass; a glue prepared from the sounds of certain fishes.
ICHTHYOCOPROLITE Ich`thy*o*cop"ro*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. coprolite.] (Geol.)
Defn: Fossil dung of fishes.
ICHTHYODORULITE Ich`thy*o*dor"u*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the spiny plates foundon the back and tail of certain skates.
ICHTHYOGRAPHY Ich`thy*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. graphy: cf. F. ichthyographie.]
Defn: A treatise on fishes.
ICHTHYOID; ICHTHYOIDAL Ich"thy*oid, Ich`thy*oid"al, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Somewhat like a fish; having some of the characteristics of fishes; -- said of some amphibians.
ICHTHYOL Ich"thy*ol, n. [Gr. , , a fish + (prob.) L. oleum oil; but cf. Ichthyolite.] (Chem.)
Defn: An oily substance prepared by the dry distillation of a bituminous mineral containing fossil fishes. It is used in medicine as a remedy in some forms of skin diseases.
ICHTHYOLATRY Ich`thy*ol"a*try, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: Worship of fishes, or of fish-shaped idols. Layard.
ICHTHYOLITE Ich"thy*o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Paleon.)
Defn: A fossil fish, or fragment of a fish.
ICHTHYOLOGIC; ICHTHYOLOGICAL Ich`thy*o*log"ic, Ich`thy*o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ichthyologique.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to ichthyology.
ICHTHYOLOGIST Ich`thy*ol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ichthyologiste.]
Defn: One versed in, or who studies, ichthyology.
ICHTHYOLOGY Ich`thy*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. ichthyologie.]
Defn: The natural history of fishes; that branch of zoölogy which relates to fishes, including their structure, classification, and habits.
ICHTHYOMANCY Ich"thy*o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy: cf. F. ichthyomancie.]
Defn: Divination by the heads or the entrails of fishes.
ICHTHYOMORPHA Ich`thy*o*mor"pha, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The Urodela.
ICHTHYOMORPHIC; ICHTHYOMORPHOUS Ich`thy*o*mor"phic, Ich`thy*o*mor"phous, a. Etym: [See Ichthyomorpha.]
Defn: Fish-shaped; as, the ichthyomorphic idols of ancient Assyria.
ICHTHYOPHAGIST Ich`thy*oph"a*gist, n. Etym: [See Ichthyophagous.]
Defn: One who eats, or subsists on, fish.
ICHTHYOPHAGOUS Ich`thy*oph"a*gous, a. Etym: [L. ichthyophagus, Gr.
Defn: Eating, or subsisting on, fish.
ICHTHYOPHAGY Ich`thy*oph"a*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. ichthyophagie.]
Defn: The practice of eating, or living upon, fish.
ICHTHYOPHTHALMITE Ich`thy*oph*thal"mite, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: See Apophyllite. [R.]
ICHTHYOPHTHIRA Ich`thy*oph*thi"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A division of copepod crustaceans, including numerous species parasitic on fishes.
ICHTHYOPSIDA Ich`thy*op"si*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A grand division of the Vertebrata, including the Amphibia and Fishes.
ICHTHYOPTERYGIA Ich`thy*op`te*ryg"i*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Ichthyopterygium.] (Paleon.)
Defn: See Ichthyosauria.
ICHTHYOPTERYGIUM Ich`thy*op`te*ryg"i*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)
Defn: The typical limb, or lateral fin, of fishes.
ICHTHYORNIS Ich`thy*or"nis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)
Defn: An extinct genus of toothed birds found in the American Cretaceous formation. It is remarkable for having biconcave vertebræ, and sharp, conical teeth set in sockets. Its wings were well developed. It is the type of the order Odontotormæ.
ICHTHYOSAUR Ich"thy*o*saur, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ichthyosaure.] (Paleon.)
Defn: One of the Ichthyosaura.
ICHTHYOSAURIA Ich`thy*o*sau"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Ichthyosaurus.] (Paleon.)
Defn: An extinct order of marine reptiles, including Ichthyosaurus and allied forms; -- called also Ichthyopterygia. They have not been found later than the Cretaceous period.
ICHTHYOSAURIAN Ich`thy*o*sau"ri*an, a. (Paleon.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Ichthyosauria. -- n.
Defn: One of the Ichthyosauria.
ICHTHYOSAURUS Ich`thy*o*sau"rus, n.; pl. Ichthyosauri. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. 'ichqy`s, -y`os, a fish + say^ros a lizard.] (Paleon.)
Defn: An extinct genus of marine reptiles; -- so named from their short, biconcave vertebræ, resembling those of fishes. Several species, varying in length from ten to thirty feet, are known from the Liassic, Oölitic, and Cretaceous formations.
ICHTHYOSIS Ich`thy*o"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)
Defn: A disease in which the skin is thick, rough, and scaly; -- called also fishskin. -- Ich`thy*ot"ic, a.
ICHTHYOTOMIST Ich`thy*ot"o*mist, n.
Defn: One skilled in ichthyotomy.
ICHTHYOTOMY Ich`thy*ot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: The anatomy or dissection of fishes. [R.]
ICHTHYS Ich"thys, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
Defn: Same as Ichthus.
ICICLE I"ci*cle, n. Etym: [OE. isikel, AS. isgicel; is ice + gicel icicle; akin to Icel. jökull; cf. Gael. eigh ice, Ir. aigh.]
Defn: A pendent, and usually conical, mass of ice, formed by freezing of dripping water; as, the icicles on the eaves of a house.
ICICLED I"ci*cled, a.
Defn: Having icicles attached.
ICILY I"ci*ly, adv.
Defn: In an icy manner; coldly. Faultily faultless, icily regular, splendidly null, Dead perfection, no more. Tennyson.
ICINESS I"ci*ness, n.
Defn: The state or quality of being icy or very cold; frigidity.
ICING I"cing, n.
Defn: A coating or covering resembling ice, as of sugar and milk or white of egg; frosting.
ICKLE Ic"kle, n. Etym: [OE. ikil. See Icicle.]
Defn: An icicle. [Prov. Eng.]
ICON I"con, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.
Defn: An image or representation; a portrait or pretended portrait. Netherlands whose names and icons are published. Hakewill.
ICONICAL I*con"ic*al, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or consisting of, images, pictures, or representations of any kind.
ICONISM I"con*ism, n. Etym: [L. iconismus, Gr. iconisme.]
Defn: The formation of a figure, representation, or semblance; a delineation or description. Some kind of apish imitations, counterfeit iconisms. Cudworth.
ICONIZE I"con*ize, v. t. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: To form an image or likeness of. [R.] Cudworth.
ICONOCLASM I*con"o*clasm, n. Etym: [Cf. F. iconoclasme. See Iconoclast.]
Defn: The doctrine or practice of the iconoclasts; image breaking.
ICONOCLAST I*con"o*clast, n. Etym: [Gr. iconoclaste.]
1. A breaker or destroyer of images or idols; a determined enemy of idol worship.
2. One who exposes or destroys impositions or shams; one who attacks cherished beliefs; a radical.
ICONOCLASTIC I*con`o*clas"tic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to the iconoclasts, or to image breaking. Milman.
ICONODULE; ICONODULIST I*con"o*dule, I*con"o*du`list, n. Etym: [Gr. (Eccl. Hist.)
Defn: One who serves images; -- opposed to an iconoclast. Schaff- Herzog Encyc.
ICONOGRAPH I*con"o*graph, n. [See Iconography.]
Defn: An engraving or other picture or illustration for a book.
ICONOGRAPHER I`co*nog"ra*pher, n.
Defn: A maker of images. Fairholt.
ICONOGRAPHIC I*con`o*graph"ic, a.
1. Of or pertaining to iconography.
2. Representing by means of pictures or diagrams; as, an icongraphic encyclopædia.
ICONOGRAPHY I`co*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. iconographie.]
1. The art or representation by pictures or images; the description or study of portraiture or representation, as of persons; as, the iconography of the ancients.
2. The study of representative art in general. Christian iconography, the study of the representations in art of the Deity, the persons of the Trinity, angels, saints, virtues, vices, etc.
ICONOLATER I`co*nol"a*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. iconolâtre.]
Defn: One who worships images.
ICONOLATRY I`co*nol"a*try, n. Etym: [See Iconolater.]
Defn: The worship of images as symbols; -- distinguished from idolatry, the worship of images themselves.
ICONOLOGY I`co*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. iconologie.]
Defn: The discussion or description of portraiture or of representative images. Cf. Iconography.
ICONOMACHY I`co*nom"a*chy, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: Hostility to images as objects of worship. [R.]
ICONOMANIA I`co*no*ma"ni*a, n. [NL. See Icon, and Mania.]
Defn: A mania or infatuation for icons, whether as objects of devotion, bric-a-brac, or curios.
ICONOMICAL I`co*nom"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: Opposed to pictures or images as objects of worship. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
ICONOPHILIST I`co*noph"i*list, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: A student, or lover of the study, of iconography.
ICOSAHEDRAL I`co*sa*he"dral, a. Etym: [See Icosahedron.] (Geom.)
Defn: Having twenty equal sides or faces.
ICOSAHEDRON I`co*sa*he"dron, n. Etym: [Gr. (Geom.)
Defn: A solid bounded by twenty sides or faces. Regular icosahedron, one of the five regular polyhedrons, bounded by twenty equilateral triangules. Five triangules meet to form each solid angle of the polyhedron.
ICOSANDRIA I`co*san"dri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. icosandrie.] (Bot.)
Defn: A Linnæan class of plants, having twenty or more stamens inserted in the calyx.
ICOSANDRIAN; ICOSANDROUS I`co*san"dri*an, I`co*san"drous, a. (Bot.)
Defn: Pertaining to the class Icosandria; having twenty or more stamens inserted in the calyx.
ICOSITETRAHEDRON I`co*si*tet`ra*he"dron, n. Etym: [Gr. (Crystallog.)
Defn: A twenty-four-sided solid; a tetragonal trisoctahedron or trapezohedron.
-ICS -ics
Defn: . A suffix used in forming the names of certain sciences, systems, etc., as acoustics, mathematics, dynamics, statistics, politics, athletics.
Note: The names sciences ending in ics, as mathematics, mechanics, metaphysics, optics, etc., are, with respect to their form, nouns in the plural number. The plural form was probably introduced to mark the complex nature of such sciences; and it may have been in imitation of the use of the Greek plurals ics were construed with a verb or a pronoun in the plural; but it is now generally considered preferable to treat them as singular. In Greman we have die Mathematik, die Mechanik, etc., and in French la metaphysique, la optique, etc., corresponding to our mathematics, mechanics, metaphysics, optics, etc. Mathematics have for their object the consideration of whatever is capable of being numbered or measured. John Davidson. The citations subjoined will serve as examples of the best present usage. Ethics is the sciences of the laws which govern our actions as moral agents. Sir W. Hamilton. All parts of knowledge have their origin in metaphysics, and finally, perhaps, revolve into it. De Quincey. Mechanics, like pure mathematics, may be geometrical, or may be analytical; that is, it may treat space either by a direct consideration of its properties, or by a symbolical representation. Whewell.
ICTERIC Ic*ter"ic, n.
Defn: A remedy for the jaundice.
ICTERIC; ICTERICAL Ic*ter"ic, Ic*ter"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. ictericus, Gr. ictérique.]
1. Pertaining to, or affected with, jaundice.
2. Good against the jaundice. Johnson.
ICTERITIOUS; ICTERITOUS Ic`ter*i"tious, Ic*ter"i*tous, a.
Defn: Yellow; of the color of the skin when it is affected by the jaundice.
ICTEROID Ic"ter*oid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]
Defn: Of a tint resembling that produced by jaundice; yellow; as, an icteroid tint or complexion.
ICTERUS Ic"te*rus, n. Etym: [NL. See Icteric, a.] (Med.)
Defn: The jaundice.
ICTIC Ic"tic, a. Etym: [L. ictus blow.]
Defn: Pertaining to, or caused by, a blow; sudden; abrupt. [R.] H. Bushnell.
ICTUS Ic"tus, n. Etym: [L., fr. icere, ictum, to strike.]
1. (Pros.)
Defn: The stress of voice laid upon accented syllable of a word. Cf. Arsis.
2. (Med.)
Defn: A stroke or blow, as in a sunstroke, the sting of an insect, pulsation of an artery, etc.
ICY I"cy, a. [Compar. Icier; superl. Iciest.] Etym: [AS. isig. See Ice.]
1. Pertaining to, resembling, or abounding in, ice; cold; frosty. "Icy chains." Shak. "Icy region." Boyle. "Icy seas." Pope.
2. Characterized by coldness, as of manner, influence, etc.; chilling; frigid; cold. Icy was the deportment with which Philip received these demonstrations of affection. Motley.
ICY-PEARLED I"cy-pearl`ed, a.
Defn: Spangled with ice. Mounting up in icy-pearled car. Milton.
I'D I'd
Defn: . A contraction from I would or I had.
ID Id, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A small fresh-water cyprinoid fish (Leuciscus idus or Idus idus) of Europe. A domesticated variety, colored like the goldfish, is called orfe in Germany.
IDALIAN I*da"li*an, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Idalium, a mountain city in Cyprus, or to Venus, to whom it was sacred. "Idalian Aphrodité." Tennyson.
IDE Ide, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Same as Id.
-IDE -ide. (Chem.)
Defn: A suffix used to denote: (a) The nonmetallic, or negative, element or radical in a binary compound; as, oxide, sulphide, chloride. (b) A compound which is an anhydride; as, glycolide, phthalide. (c) Any one of a series of derivatives; as, indogenide, glucoside, etc.
IDEA I*de"a, n.; pl. Ideas. Etym: [L. idea, Gr. wit: cf. F. idée. See Wit.]
1. The transcript, image, or picture of a visible object, that is formed by the mind; also, a similar image of any object whatever, whether sensible or spiritual. Her sweet idea wandered through his thoughts. Fairfax. Being the right idea of your father Both in your form and nobleness of mind. Shak. This representation or likeness of the object being transmitted from thence [the senses] to the imagination, and lodged there for the view and observation of the pure intellect, is aptly and properly called its idea. P. Browne.
2. A general notion, or a conception formed by generalization. Alice had not the slightest idea what latitude was. L. Caroll.
3. Hence: Any object apprehended, conceived, or thought of, by the mind; a notion, conception, or thought; the real object that is conceived or thought of. Whatsoever the mind perceives in itself, or as the immediate object of perception, thought, or undersanding, that I call idea. Locke.
4. A belief, option, or doctrine; a characteristic or controlling principle; as, an essential idea; the idea of development. That fellow seems to me to possess but one idea, and that is a wrong one. Johnson. What is now "idea" for us How infinite the fall of this word, since the time where Milton sang of the Creator contemplating his newly- created world, -"how it showed . . . Answering his great idea," -to its present use, when this person "has an idea that the train has started," and the other "had no idea that the dinner would be so bad!" Trench.
5. A plan or purpose of action; intention; design. I shortly afterwards set off for that capital, with an idea of undertaking while there the translation of the work. W. Irving.
6. A rational conception; the complete conception of an object when thought of in all its essential elements or constituents; the necessary metaphysical or constituent attributes and relations, when conceived in the abstract.
7. A fiction object or picture created by the imagination; the same when proposed as a pattern to be copied, or a standard to be reached; one of the archetypes or patterns of created things, conceived by the Platonists to have excited objectively from eternity in the mind of the Deity. Thence to behold this new-created world, The addition of his empire, how it showed In prospect from his throne, how good, how fair, Answering his great idea. Milton.
Note: "In England, Locke may be said to have been the first who naturalized the term in its Cartesian universality. When, in common language, employed by Milton and Dryden, after Descartes, as before him by Sidney, Spenser, Shakespeare, Hooker, etc., the meaning is Platonic." Sir W. Hamilton. Abstract idea, Association of ideas, etc. See under Abstract, Association, etc.
Syn. -- Notion; conception; thought; sentiment; fancy; image; perception; impression; opinion; belief; observation; judgment; consideration; view; design; intention; purpose; plan; model; pattern. There is scarcely any other word which is subjected to such abusive treatment as is the word idea, in the very general and indiscriminative way in which it is employed, as it is used variously to signify almost any act, state, or content of thought.
IDEAL I*de"al, a. Etym: [L. idealis: cf. F. idéal.]
1. Existing in idea or thought; conceptional; intellectual; mental; as, ideal knowledge.
2. Reaching an imaginary standard of excellence; fit for a model; faultless; as, ideal beauty. Byron. There will always be a wide interval between practical and ideal excellence. Rambler.
3. Existing in fancy or imagination only; visionary; unreal. "Planning ideal common wealth." Southey.
4. Teaching the doctrine of idealism; as, the ideal theory or philosophy.
5. (Math.)
Defn: Imaginary.
Syn. -- Intellectual; mental; visionary; fanciful; imaginary; unreal; impracticable; utopian.
IDEAL I*de"al, n.
Defn: A mental conception regarded as a standard of perfection; a model of excellence, beauty, etc. The ideal is to be attained by selecting and assembling in one whole the beauties and perfections which are usually seen in different individuals, excluding everything defective or unseemly, so as to form a type or model of the species. Thus, the Apollo Belvedere is the ideal of the beauty and proportion of the human frame. Fleming. Beau ideal. See Beau ideal.
IDEALESS I*de"a*less, a.
Defn: Destitute of an idea.
IDEALISM I*de"al*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. idéalisme.]
1. The quality or state of being ideal.
2. Conception of the ideal; imagery.
3. (Philos.)
Defn: The system or theory that denies the existence of material bodies, and teaches that we have no rational grounds to believe in the reality of anything but ideas and their relations.
IDEALIST I*de"al*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. idéaliste.]
1. One who idealizes; one who forms picturesque fancies; one given to romantic expectations.
2. One who holds the doctrine of idealism.
IDEALISTIC I*de`al*is"tic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to idealists or their theories.
IDEALITY I`de*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Idealities (.
1. The quality or state of being ideal.
2. The capacity to form ideals of beauty or perfection.
3. (Phren.)
Defn: The conceptive faculty.
IDEALIZATION I*de`al*i*za"tion, n.
1. The act or process of idealizing.
2. (Fine Arts)
Defn: The representation of natural objects, scenes, etc., in such a way as to show their most important characteristics; the study of the ideal.
IDEALIZE I*de"al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Idealized; p. pr. & vb. n. Idealizing.]
1. To make ideal; to give an ideal form or value to; to attribute ideal characteristics and excellences to; as, to idealize real life.
2. (Fine Arts)
Defn: To treat in an ideal manner. See Idealization, 2.
IDEALIZE I*de"al*ize, v. i. Etym: [Cf. F. idéaliser.]
Defn: To form ideals.
IDEALIZER I*de"al*i`zer, n.
Defn: An idealist.
IDEALLY I*de"al*ly, adv.
Defn: In an ideal manner; by means of ideals; mentally.
IDEALOGIC I*de`a*log"ic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to an idealogue, or to idealization.
IDEALOGUE I*de"a*logue, n. Etym: [Idea + -logue, as in theologue: cf. F. idéologue.]
Defn: One given to fanciful ideas or theories; a theorist; a spectator. [R.] Mrs. Browning.
IDEAT; IDEATE I*de"at, I*de"ate, n. Etym: [LL. ideatum. See Idea.] (Metaph.)
Defn: The actual existence supposed to correspond with an idea; the correlate in real existence to the idea as a thought or existence.
IDEATE I*de"ate, v. t.
1. To form in idea; to fancy. [R.] The ideated man . . . as he stood in the intellect of God. Sir T. Browne.
2. To apprehend in thought so as to fix and hold in the mind; to memorize. [R.]
IDEATION I`de*a"tion, n.
Defn: The faculty or capacity of the mind for forming ideas; the exercise of this capacity; the act of the mind by which objects of sense are apprehended and retained as objects of thought. The whole mass of residua which have been accumulated . . . all enter now into the process of ideation. J. D. Morell.
IDEATIONAL I`de*a"tion*al, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, ideation. Certain sensational or ideational stimuli. Blackw. Mag.
IDEM I"dem, pron. or adj. Etym: [L.]
Defn: The same; the same as above; -- often abbreviated id.
IDENTIC I*den"tic, a.
Defn: Identical. [Obs.] Hudibras.
IDENTICAL I*den"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. identique. See Identity.]
1. The same; the selfsame; the very same; not different; as, the identical person or thing. I can not remember a thing that happened a year ago, without a conviction . . . that I, the same identical person who now remember that event, did then exist. Reid.
2. Uttering sameness or the same truth; expressing in the predicate what is given, or obviously implied, in the subject; tautological. When you say body is solid, I say that you make an identical proposition, because it is impossible to have the idea of body without that of solidity. Fleming. Identical equation (Alg.), an equation which is true for all values of the algebraic symbols which enter into it.
IDENTICALLY I*den"tic*al*ly, adv.
Defn: In an identical manner; with respect to identity. "Identically the same." Bp. Warburton. "Identically different." Ross.
IDENTICALNESS I*den"tic*al*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being identical; sameness.
IDENTIFIABLE I*den"ti*fi`a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being identified.
IDENTIFICATION I*den`ti*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. identification.]
Defn: The act of identifying, or proving to be the same; also, the state of being identified.
IDENTIFY I*den"ti*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Identified; p. pr. & vb. n. Identifying.] Etym: [Cf. F. identifier. See Identity, and -fy.]
1. To make to be the same; to unite or combine in such a manner as to make one; to treat as being one or having the same purpose or effect; to consider as the same in any relation. Every precaution is taken to identify the interests of the people and of the rulers. D. Ramsay. Let us identify, let us incorporate ourselves with the people. Burke.
2. To establish the identity of; to prove to be the same with something described, claimed, or asserted; as, to identify stolen property.
IDENTIFY I*den"ti*fy, v. i.
Defn: To become the same; to coalesce in interest, purpose, use, effect, etc. [Obs. or R.] An enlightened self-interest, which, when well understood, they tell us will identify with an interest more enlarged and public. Burke.
IDENTISM I*den"tism, n. Etym: [See Identity.] (Metaph.)
Defn: The doctrine taught by Schelling, that matter and mind, and subject and object, are identical in the Absolute; -- called also the system or doctrine of identity.
IDENTITY I*den"ti*ty, n.; pl. Identities. Etym: [F. identité, LL. identitas, fr. L. idem the same, from the root of is he, that; cf. Skr. idam this. Cf. Item.]
1. The state or quality of being identical, or the same; sameness. Identity is a relation between our cognitions of a thing, not between things themselves. Sir W. Hamilton.
2. The condition of being the same with something described or asserted, or of possessing a character claimed; as, to establish the identity of stolen goods.
3. (Math.)
Defn: An identical equation.
IDEO- I"de*o-
Defn: . A combining form from the Gr. idea.
IDEOGENICAL I`de*o*gen"ic*al, a.
Defn: Of or relating to ideology.
IDEOGENY I`de*og"e*ny, n. Etym: [Ideo- + -geny, from the same root as Gr. idéogénie.]
Defn: The science which treats of the origin of ideas.
IDEOGRAM I*de"o*gram, n. Etym: [Ideo- + -gram; cf. F. idéograme.]
1. An original, pictorial element of writing; a kind of hieroglyph expressing no sound, but only an idea. Ideograms may be defined to be pictures intended to represent either things or thoughts. I. Taylor (The Alphabet). You might even have a history without language written or spoken, by means of ideograms and gesture. J. Peile.
2. A symbol used for convenience, or for abbreviation; as, 1, 2, 3, +, -,
3. A phonetic symbol; a letter.
IDEOGRAPH I*de"o*graph, n.
Defn: Same as Ideogram.
IDEOGRAPHIC; IDEOGRAPHICAL I`de*o*graph"ic, I`de*o*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. idéographique.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to an ideogram; representing ideas by symbols, independently of sounds; as, 9 represents not the word "nine," but the idea of the number itself. -- I`de*o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.
IDEOGRAPHICS I`de*o*graph"ics, n.
Defn: The system of writing in ideographic characters; also, anything so written.
IDEOGRAPHY I`de*og"ra*phy, n.
Defn: The representation of ideas independently of sounds, or in an ideographic manner, as sometimes is done in shorthand writing, etc.
IDEOLOGICAL I`de*o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. idéologique.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to ideology.
IDEOLOGIST I`de*ol"o*gist, n.
Defn: One who treats of ideas; one who theorizes or idealizes; one versed in the science of ideas, or who advocates the doctrines of ideology.
IDEOLOGY I`de*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Ideo- + -logy: cf. F. idéologie.]
1. The science of ideas. Stewart.
2. (Metaph.)
Defn: A theory of the origin of ideas which derives them exclusively from sensation.
Note: By a double blunder in philosophy and Greek, idéologie . . . has in France become the name peculiarly distinctive of that philosophy of mind which exclusively derives our knowledge from sensation. Sir W. Hamilton.
IDEO-MOTION I`de*o-mo"tion, n. (Physiol.)
Defn: An ideo-motor movement.
IDEO-MOTOR I`de*o-mo"tor, a. Etym: [Ideo- + motor.] (Physiol.)
Defn: Applied to those actions, or muscular movements, which are automatic expressions of dominant ideas, rather than the result of distinct volitional efforts, as the act of expressing the thoughts in speech, or in writing, while the mind is occupied in the composition of the sentence. Carpenter.
IDES Ides, n. pl. Etym: [L. idus: cf. F. ides.] (Anc. Rom. Calendar)
Defn: The fifteenth day of March, May, July, and October, and the thirteenth day of the other months. The ides of March remember. Shak.
Note: Eight days in each month often pass by this name, but only one strictly receives it, the others being called respectively the day before the ides, and so on, backward, to the eightth from the ides.
IDIO- Id"i*o-
Defn: . A combining form from the Greek private, personal, peculiar, distinct.
IDIOBLAST Id"i*o*blast, n. Etym: [Ideo- + -blast.] (Bot.)
Defn: An individual cell, differing greatly from its neighbours in regard to size, structure, or contents.
IDIOCRASIS Id`i*o*cra"sis, n. Etym: [NL.]
Defn: Idiocracy.
IDIOCRASY Id`i*oc"ra*sy, n.; pl. Idiocrasies. Etym: [Idio- + Gr. idiocrasie.]
Defn: Peculiarity of constitution; that temperament, or state of constitution, which is peculiar to a person; idiosyncrasy.
IDIOCRATIC; IDIOCRATICAL Id`i*o*crat"ic, Id`i*o*crat"ic*al, a.
Defn: Peculiar in constitution or temperament; idiosyncratic.
IDIOCY Id"i*o*cy, n. Etym: [From idiot; cf. Gr. Idiot, and cf. Idiotcy.]
Defn: The condition or quality of being an idiot; absence, or marked deficiency, of sense and intelligence. I will undertake to convict a man of idiocy, if he can not see the proof that three angles of a triangle are equal to two right angles. F. W. Robertson.
IDIOCYCLOPHANOUS Id`i*o*cy*cloph"a*nous, a. Etym: [Idio- + Gr. (Crystallog.)
Defn: Same as Idiophanous.
IDIOELECTRIC Id`i*o*e*lec"tric, a. Etym: [Idio- + electric: cf. F. idioélectrique.] (Physics)
Defn: Electric by virtue of its own peculiar properties; capable of becoming electrified by friction; -- opposed to anelectric. -- n.
Defn: An idioelectric substance.
IDIOGRAPH Id"i*o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: A mark or signature peculiar to an individual; a trade-mark.
IDIOGRAPHIC; IDIOGRAPHICAL Id`i*o*graph"ic, Id`i*o*graph"ic*al, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to an idiograph.
IDIOLATRY Id`i*ol"a*try, n. Etym: [Idio- + Gr.
Defn: Self-worship; excessive self-esteem.
IDIOM Id"i*om, n. Etym: [F. idiome, L. idioma, fr. Gr. suus, and to E. so.]
1. The syntactical or structural form peculiar to any language; the genius or cast of a language. Idiom may be employed loosely and figuratively as a synonym of language or dialect, but in its proper sense it signifies the totality of the general rules of construction which characterize the syntax of a particular language and distinguish it from other tongues. G. P. Marsh. By idiom is meant the use of words which is peculiar to a particular language. J. H. Newman. He followed their language [the Latin], but did not comply with the idiom of ours. Dryden.
2. An expression conforming or appropriate to the peculiar structural form of a language; in extend use, an expression sanctioned by usage, having a sense peculiar to itself and not agreeing with the logical sense of its structural form; also, the phrase forms peculiar to a particular author. Some that with care true eloquence shall teach, And to just idioms fix our doubtful speech. Prior. Sometimes we identify the words with the object -- though be courtesy of idiom rather than in strict propriety of language. Coleridge. Every good writer has much idiom. Landor. It is not by means of rules that such idioms as the following are made current: "I can make nothing of it." "He treats his subject home." Dryden. "It is that within us that makes for righteousness." M.Arnold. Gostwick (Eng. Gram. )
3. Dialect; a variant form of a language.
Syn. -- Dialect. -- Idiom, Dialect. The idioms of a language belong to its very structure; its dialects are varieties of expression ingrafted upon it in different localities or by different professions. Each county of England has some peculiarities of dialect, and so have most of the professions, while the great idioms of the language are everywhere the same. See Language.
IDIOMATIC; IDIOMATICAL Id`i*o*mat"ic, Id`i*o*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: Of or pertaining to, or conforming to, the mode of expression peculiar to a language; as, an idiomatic meaning; an idiomatic phrase. -- Id`i*o*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.
IDIOMORPHIC Id`i*o*morph"ic, a.
Defn: Idiomorphous.
IDIOMORPHOUS Id`i*o*morph"ous, a. Etym: [Gr.
1. Having a form of its own.
2. (Crystallog.)
Defn: Apperaing in distinct crystals; -- said of the mineral constituents of a rock.
IDIOMUSCULAR Id`i*o*mus"cu*lar, a. Etym: [Idio- + muscular.] (Physiol.)
Defn: Applied to a semipermanent contraction of a muscle, produced by a mechanical irritant.
IDIOPATHETIC Id`i*o*pa*thet"ic, a.
Defn: Idiopathic. [R.]
IDIOPATHIC; IDIOPATHICAL Id`i*o*path"ic, Id`i*o*path"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. idiopathique.] (Med.)
Defn: Pertaining to idiopathy; characterizing a disease arising primarily, and not in consequence of some other disease or injury; -- opposed to symptomatic, sympathetic, and traumatic. -- Id`i*o*path"ic*al*ly, adv.
IDIOPATHY Id`i*op"a*thy, n.; pl. Idiopathies. Etym: [Gr. idiopathie.]
1. A peculiar, or individual, characteristic or affection. All men are so full of their own fancies and idiopathies, that they scarce have the civility to interchange any words with a stranger. Dr. H. More.
2. (Med.)
Defn: A morbid state or condition not preceded or occasioned by any other disease; a primary disease.
IDIOPHANOUS Id`i*oph"a*nous, a. Etym: [Idio- + (Crystallog.)
Defn: Exhibiting interference figures without the aid of a polariscope, as certain crystals.
IDIOPLASM Id"i*o*plasm, n. (Biol.)
Defn: Same as Idioplasma.
IDIOPLASMA Id`i*o*plas"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)
Defn: That portion of the cell protoplasm which is the seat of all active changes, and which carries on the function of hereditary transmission; -- distinguished from the other portion, which is termed nutritive plasma. See Hygroplasm.
IDIOREPULSIVE Id`i*o*re*pul"sive, a. Etym: [Idio- + repulsive.]
Defn: Repulsive by itself; as, the idiorepulsive power of heat.
IDIOSYNCRASY Id`i*o*syn"cra*sy, n.; pl. Idiosyncrasies. Etym: [Gr. idiosyncrasie. See Idiom, and Crasis.]
Defn: A peculiarity of physical or mental constitution or temperament; a characteristic belonging to, and distinguishing, an individual; characteristic susceptibility; idiocrasy; eccentricity. The individual mind . . . takes its tone from the idiosyncrasies of the body. I. Taylor.
IDIOSYNCRATIC; IDIOSYNCRATICAL Id`i*o*syn*crat"ic, Id`i*o*syn*crat"ic*al, a.
Defn: Of peculiar temper or disposition; belonging to one's peculiar and individual character.
IDIOT Id"i*ot, n. Etym: [F. idiot, L. idiota an uneducated, ignorant, ill- informed person, Gr. Idiom.]
1. A man in private station, as distinguished from one holding a public office. [Obs.] St. Austin affirmed that the plain places of Scripture are sufficient to all laics, and all idiots or private persons. Jer. Taylor.
2. An unlearned, ignorant, or simple person, as distinguished from the educated; an ignoramus. [Obs.] Christ was received of idiots, of the vulgar people, and of the simpler sort, while he was rejected, despised, and persecuted even to death by the high priests, lawyers, scribes, doctors, and rabbis. C. Blount.
3. A human being destitute of the ordinary intellectual powers, whether congenital, developmental, or accidental; commonly, a person without understanding from birth; a natural fool; a natural; an innocent. Life . . . is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing. Shak.
4. A fool; a simpleton; -- a term of reproach. Weenest thou make an idiot of our dame Chaucer.
IDIOTCY Id"i*ot*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. Idiocy.]
Defn: Idiocy. [R.]
IDIOTED Id"i*ot*ed, a.
Defn: Rendered idiotic; befooled. [R.] Tennyson.
IDIOTHERMIC Id`i*o*ther"mic, a. Etym: [Idio- + thermic.]
Defn: Self-heating; warmed, as the body of animal, by process going on within itself.
IDIOTIC; IDIOTICAL Id`i*ot"ic, Id`i*ot"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. idioticus ignorant, Gr. idiotique. See Idiot.]
1. Common; simple. [Obs.] Blackwall.
2. Pertaining to, or like, an idiot; characterized by idiocy; foolish; fatuous; as, an idiotic person, speech, laugh, or action.
IDIOTICALLY Id`i*ot"ic*al*ly, adv.
Defn: In a idiotic manner.
IDIOTICON Id`i*ot"i*con, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Idiot.]
Defn: A dictionary of a peculiar dialect, or of the words and phrases peculiar to one part of a country; a glossary.
IDIOTISH Id"i*ot*ish, a.
Defn: Like an idiot; foolish.
IDIOTISM Id"i*ot*ism, n. Etym: [F. idiotisme, L. idiotismus the way of fashion of a private person, the common or vulgar manner of speaking, Gr. Idiot.]
1. An idiom; a form, mode of expression, or signification, peculiar to a language. Scholars sometimes give terminations and idiotisms, suitable to their native language, unto words newly invented. M. Hale.
2. Lack of knowledge or mental capacity; idiocy; foolishness. Worse than mere ignorance or idiotism. Shaftesbury. The running that adventure is the greatist idiotism. Hammond.
IDIOTIZE Id"i*ot*ize, v. i.
Defn: To become stupid. [R.]
IDIOTRY Id"i*ot*ry, n.
Defn: Idiocy. [R.] Bp. Warburton.
IDLE I"dle, a. [Compar. Idler; superl. Idlest.] Etym: [OE. idel, AS. idel vain, empty, useless; akin to OS. idal, D. ijdel, OHG. ital vain, empty, mere, G. eitel, Dan. & Sw. idel mere, pure, and prob. to Gr. Ether.]
1. Of no account; useless; vain; trifling; unprofitable; thoughtless; silly; barren. "Deserts idle." Shak. Every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment. Matt. xii. 36. Down their idle weapons dropped. Milton. This idle story became important. Macaulay.
2. Not called into active service; not turned to appropriate use; unemployed; as, idle hours. The idle spear and shield were high uphing. Milton.
3. Not employed; unoccupied with business; inactive; doing nothing; as, idle workmen. Why stand ye here all the day idle Matt. xx. 6.
4. Given rest and ease; averse to labor or employment; lazy; slothful; as, an idle fellow.
5. Light-headed; foolish. [Obs.] Ford. Idle pulley (Mach.), a pulley that rests upon a belt to tighten it; a pulley that only guides a belt and is not used to transmit power. -- Idle wheel (Mach.), a gear wheel placed between two others, to transfer motion from one to the other without changing the direction of revolution. -- In idle, in vain. [Obs.] "God saith, thou shalt not take the name of thy Lord God in idle." Chaucer.
Syn. -- Unoccupied; unemployed; vacant; inactive; indolent; sluggish; slothful; useless; ineffectual; futile; frivolous; vain; trifling; unprofitable; unimportant. -- Idle, Indolent, Lazy. A propensity to inaction is expressed by each of these words; they differ in the cause and degree of this characteristic. Indolent denotes an habitual love to ease, a settled dislike of movement or effort; idle is opposed to busy, and denotes a dislike of continuous exertion. Lazy is a stronger and more contemptuous term than indolent.
IDLE I"dle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Idled; p. pr. & vb. n. Idling.]
Defn: To lose or spend time in inaction, or without being employed in business. Shak.
IDLE I"dle, v. t.
Defn: To spend in idleness; to waste; to consume; -- often followed by away; as, to idle away an hour a day.
IDLE-HEADED I"dle-head`ed, a.
1. Foolish; stupid. [Obs.] "The superstitious idle-headed eld." Shak.
2. Delirious; infatuated. [Obs.] L'Estrange.
IDLENESS I"dle*ness, n. Etym: [AS. idelnes.]
Defn: The condition or quality of being idle (in the various senses of that word); uselessness; fruitlessness; triviality; inactivity; laziness.
Syn. -- Inaction; indolence; sluggishness; sloth.
IDLE-PATED I"dle-pat`ed, a.
Defn: Idle-headed; stupid. [Obs.]
IDLER I"dler, n.
1. One who idles; one who spends his time in inaction; a lazy person; a sluggard.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: One who has constant day duties on board ship, and keeps no regular watch. Totten.
3. (Mach.)
Defn: An idle wheel or pulley. See under Idle.
IDLESS; IDLESSE I"dless, I"dlesse, n.
Defn: Idleness. [Archaic] "In ydlesse." Spenser. And an idlesse all the day Beside a wandering stream. Mrs. Browning.
IDLY I"dly, adv.
Defn: In a idle manner; ineffectually; vainly; lazily; carelessly; (Obs.) foolishly.
IDO I"do (e"do), n.
Defn: An artificial international language, selected by the "Delegation for the Adoption of an Auxillary International Language" (founded at Paris in 1901), made public in 1907, and subsequently greatly revised and extended by a permanent committee or "Academy." It combines systematically the advantages of previous schemes with a thoroughly logical word formation, and has neither accented constants nor arbitrarily coined pronominal words. For each idea that root is selected which is already most international, on the principle of the "greatest facility for the greatest number of people." The word "Ido" means in the language itself "offspring." The official name is: "Linguo Internaciona di la Delegitaro (Sistema Ido)." --I"dism (#), n. -- I"dist (#), n.
IDOCRASE Id"o*crase, n. Etym: [Gr. idocrase.] (Min.)
Defn: Same as Vesuvianite.
IDOL I"dol, n. Etym: [OE. idole, F. idole, L. idolum, fr. Gr. Wit, and cf. Eidolon.]
1. An image or representation of anything. [Obs.] Do her adore with sacred reverence, As th' idol of her maker's great magnificence. Spenser.
2. An image of a divinity; a representation or symbol of a deity or any other being or thing, made or used as an object of worship; a similitude of a false god. That they should not worship devils, and idols of gold. Rev. ix. 20.
3. That on which the affections are strongly (often excessively) set; an object of passionate devotion; a person or thing greatly loved or adored. The soldier's god and people's idol. Denham.
4. A false notion or conception; a fallacy. Bacon. The idols of preconceived opinion. Coleridge.
IDOLASTRE I`do*las"tre, n. Etym: [OE., for idolatre.]
Defn: An idolater. [Obs.] Chaucer.
IDOLATER I*dol"a*ter, n. Etym: [F. idolâtre: cf. L. idololatres, Gr. Idolatry.]
1. A worshiper of idols; one who pays divine honors to images, statues, or representations of anything made by hands; one who worships as a deity that which is not God; a pagan.
2. An adorer; a great admirer. Jonson was an idolater of the ancients. Bp. Hurd.
IDOLATRESS I*dol"a*tress, n.
Defn: A female worshiper of idols.
IDOLATRICAL I`do*lat"ric*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. idolâtrique.]
Defn: Idolatrous. [Obs.]
IDOLATRIZE I*dol"a*trize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Idolatrized; p. pr. & vb. n. Idolatrizing.]
Defn: To worship idols; to pay idolatrous worship.
IDOLATRIZE I*dol"a*trize, v. t.
Defn: To make in idol of; to idolize.
IDOLATROUS I*dol"a*trous, a.
1. Of or pertaining to idolatry; partaking of the nature of idolatry; given to idolatry or the worship of false gods; as, idolatrous sacrifices. [Josiah] put down the idolatrous priests. 2 Kings xxiii. 5.
2. Consisting in, or partaking of, an excessive attachment or reverence; as, an idolatrous veneration for antiquity.
IDOLATROUSLY I*dol"a*trous*ly, adv.
Defn: In a idolatrous manner.
IDOLATRY I*dol"a*try, n.; pl. Idolatries. Etym: [F. idolâtrie, LL. idolatria, L. idololatria, Fr. Gr.
1. The worship of idols, images, or anything which is not God; the worship of false gods. His eye surveyed the dark idolatries Of alienated Judah. Milton.
2. Excessive attachment or veneration for anything; respect or love which borders on adoration. Shak.
IDOLISH I"dol*ish, a.
Defn: Idolatrous. [Obs.] Milton.
IDOLISM I"dol*ism, n.
Defn: The worship of idols. [Obs.]
IDOLIST I"dol*ist, n.
Defn: A worshiper of idols. [Obs.] Milton.
IDOLIZE I"dol*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Idolized; p. pr. & vb. n. Idolizing.]
1. To make an idol of; to pay idolatrous worship to; as, to idolize the sacred bull in Egypt.
2. To love to excess; to love or reverence to adoration; as, to idolize gold, children, a hero.
IDOLIZE I"dol*ize, v. i.
Defn: To practice idolatry. [R.] To idolize after the manner of Egypt. Fairbairn.
IDOLIZER I"dol*i`zer, n.
Defn: One who idolizes or loves to the point of reverence; an idolater.
IDOLOCLAST I*dol"o*clast, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: A breaker of idols; an iconoclast.
IDOLOGRAPHICAL I*dol`o*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Idol + -graph.]
Defn: Descriptive of idols. [R.] Southey.
IDOLOUS I"dol*ous, a.
Defn: Idolatrous. [Obs.] Bale.
IDOLUM; IDOLON I*do"lum, I*do"lon, n.; pl. Idola (#). [L. See Idol; cf. Eidolon.]
Defn: Appearance or image; a phantasm; a spectral image; also, a mental image or idea.
IDONEOUS I*do"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. idoneus.]
Defn: Appropriate; suitable; proper; fit; adequate. [R.] An ecclesiastical benefice . . . ought to be conferred on an idoneous person. Ayliffe.
IDORGAN Id*or"gan, n. Etym: [Gr. organ.] (Biol.)
Defn: A morphological unit, consisting of two or more plastids, which does not possess the positive character of the person or stock, in distinction from the physiological organ or biorgan. See Morphon.
IDRIALINE; IDRIALITE Id"ri*a*line, Id"ri*a*lite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. idrialine.] (Min.)
Defn: A bituminous substance obtained from the mercury mines of Idria, where it occurs mixed with cinnabar.
IDUMEAN Id`u*me"an, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to ancient Idumea, or Edom, in Western Asia. -- n.
Defn: An inhabitant of Idumea, an Edomite.
IDYL I"dyl, n. Etym: [L. idyllium, Gr. idylle. See Idol.]
Defn: A short poem; properly, a short pastoral poem; as, the idyls of Theocritus; also, any poem, especially a narrative or descriptive poem, written in an eleveted and highly finished style; also, by extension, any artless and easily flowing description, either in poetry or prose, of simple, rustic life, of pastoral scenes, and the like. [Written also idyll.] Wordsworth's solemn-thoughted idyl. Mrs. Browning. His [Goldsmith's] lovely idyl of the Vicar's home. F. Harrison.
IDYLLIC I*dyl"lic, a.
Defn: Of or belonging to idyls.
I. E. I. e.
Defn: Abbreviation of Latin id est, that is.
IF If, conj. Etym: [OE. if, gif, AS. gif; akin to OFries. ief, gef, ef, OS. ef, of, D. of, or, whether, if, G. ob whether, if, OHG. oba, ibu, Icel. ef, Goth. iba, ibai, an interrogative particle; properly a case form of a noun meaning, doubt (cf. OHG. iba doubt, condition, Icel. if, ef, ifi, efi), and therefore orig. meaning, on condition that.]
1. In case that; granting, allowing, or supposing that; -- introducing a condition or supposition. Tisiphone, that oft hast heard my prayer, Assist, if OEdipus deserve thy care. Pope. If thou be the Son of God, command that these stones be made bread. Matt. iv. 3.
2. Whether; -- in dependent questions. Uncertain if by augury or chance. Dryden. She doubts if two and two make four. Prior. As if, But if. See under As, But.
I' FAITH I' faith"
Defn: . In faith; indeed; truly. Shak.
IFERE I*fere", a. Etym: [Corrupted fr. in fere.]
Defn: Together. [Obs.] Chaucer.
IGASURIC Ig`a*su"ric, a. Etym: [See Igasurine.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, nux vomica or St. Ignatius's bean; as, igasuric acid.
IGASURINE Ig`a*su"rine, n. Etym: [Malay igasura the nux vomica.] (Chem.)
Defn: An alkaloid found in nux vomica, and extracted as a white crystalline substance.
IGLOO Ig"loo, n.
1. An Eskimo snow house.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A cavity, or excavation, made in the snow by a seal, over its breathing hole in the ice.
IGNATIUS BEAN Ig*na"tius bean`. (Bot.)
Defn: See Saint Ignatius's bean, under Saint.
IGNEOUS Ig"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. igneus, fr. ignis fire; allied to Skr. agni, Lith. ugnis, OSlav. ogne.]
1. Pertaining to, having the nature of, fire; containing fire; resembling fire; as, an igneous appearance.
2. (Geol.)
Defn: Resulting from, or produced by, the action of fire; as, lavas and basalt are igneous rocks.
IGNESCENT Ig*nes"cent, a. Etym: [L. ignescens, p.pr. of ignescere to become inflamed, fr. ignis fire: cf. F. ignescent.]
Defn: Emitting sparks of fire when struck with steel; scintillating; as, ignescent stones.
IGNICOLIST Ig*nic"o*list, n. Etym: [L. ignis fire + colere to worship.]
Defn: A worshiper of fire. [R.]
IGNIFEROUS Ig*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. ignifer; ignis fire + ferre to bear.]
Defn: Producing fire. [R.] Blount.
IGNIFLUOUS Ig*nif"lu*ous, a. Etym: [L. ignifluus; ignis fire + fluere to flow.]
Defn: Flowing with fire. [Obs.] Cockerman.
IGNIFY Ig"ni*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ignified; p. pr. & vb. n. Ignifying.] Etym: [L. ignis fire + -fy.]
Defn: To form into fire. [R.] Stukeley.
IGNIGENOUS Ig*nig"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. ignigenus; ignis fire + genere, ginere, to beget, produce.]
Defn: Produced by the action of fire, as lava. [R.]
IGNIPOTENCE Ig*nip"o*tence, n.
Defn: Power over fire. [R.]
IGNIPOTENT Ig*nip"o*tent, a. Etym: [L. ignipotens; ignis fire + potens powerful.]
Defn: Presiding over fire; also, fiery. Vulcan is called the powerful ignipotent. Pope.
IGNIS FATUUS Ig"nis fat"u*us; pl. Ignes fatui. Etym: [L. ignis fire + fatuus foolish. So called in allusion to its tendency to mislead travelers.]
1. A phosphorescent light that appears, in the night, over marshy ground, supposed to be occasioned by the decomposition of animal or vegetable substances, or by some inflammable gas; -- popularly called also Will-with-the-wisp, or Will-o'-the-wisp, and Jack-with-a- lantern, or Jack-o'-lantern.
2. Fig.: A misleading influence; a decoy. Scared and guided by the ignis fatuus of popular superstition. Jer. Taylor.
IGNITE Ig*nite", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ignited; p. pr. & vb. n. Igniting.] Etym: [L. ignitus, p.p. of ignire to ignite, fr. ignis fire. See Igneous.]
1. To kindle or set on fire; as, to ignite paper or wood.
2. (Chem.)
Defn: To subject to the action of intense heat; to heat strongly; -- often said of incombustible or infusible substances; as, to ignite iron or platinum.
IGNITE Ig*nite", v. i.
Defn: To take fire; to begin to burn.
IGNITIBLE Ig*nit"i*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being ignited.
IGNITION Ig*ni"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ignition.]
1. The act of igniting, kindling, or setting on fire.
2. The state of being ignited or kindled. Sir T. Browne.
IGNITOR Ig*nit"or, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, produces ignition; especially, a contrivance for igniting the powder in a torpedo or the like. [Written also igniter.]
IGNIVOMOUS Ig*niv"o*mous, a. Etym: [L. ignivomus; ignis fire + vomere 8vomit.]
Defn: Vomiting fire. [R.]
IGNOBILITY Ig`no*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. ignobilitas: cf. F. ignobilité.]
Defn: Ignobleness. [Obs.] Bale.
IGNOBLE Ig*no"ble, a. Etym: [L. ignobilis; pref. in- not + nobilis noble: cf. F. ignoble. See In- not, and Noble, a.]
1. Of low birth or family; not noble; not illustrious; plebeian; common; humble. I was not ignoble of descent. Shak. Her royal stock graft with ignoble plants. Shak.
2. Not honorable, elevated, or generous; base. 'T but a base, ignoble mind, That mounts no higher than a bird can soar. Shak. Far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife. Gray.
3. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Not a true or noble falcon; -- said of certain hawks, as the goshawk.
Syn. -- Degenerate; degraded; mean; base; dishonorable; reproachful; disgraceful; shameful; scandalous; infamous.
IGNOBLE Ig*no"ble, v. t.
Defn: To make ignoble. [Obs.] Bacon.
IGNOBLENESS Ig*no"ble*ness, n.
Defn: State or quality of being ignoble.
IGNOBLY Ig*no"bly, adv.
Defn: In an ignoble manner; basely.
IGNOMINIOUS Ig`no*min"i*ous, a. Etym: [L. ignominiosus: cf. F. ignominieux.]
1. Marked with ignominy; in curring public disgrace; dishonorable; shameful. Then first with fear surprised and sense of pain, Fled ignominious. Milton.
2. Deserving ignominy; despicable. One single, obscure, ignominious projector. Swift.
3. Humiliating; degrading; as, an ignominious judgment or sentence. Macaulay.
IGNOMINIOUSLY Ig`no*min"i*ous*ly, adv.
Defn: In an ignominious manner; disgracefully; shamefully; ingloriously.
IGNOMINY Ig"no*min*y, n.; pl. Ignominies. Etym: [L. ignominia ignominy (i.e., a deprivation of one's good name); in- not + nomen name: cf. F. ignominie. See In- not, and Name.]
1. Public disgrace or dishonor; reproach; infamy. Their generals have been received with honor after their defeat; yours with ignominy after conquest. Addison. Vice begins in mistake, and ends in ignominy. Rambler. Ignominy is the infliction of such evil as is made dishonorable, or the deprivation of such good as is made honorable by the Common wealth. Hobbes.
2. An act deserving disgrace; an infamous act.
Syn. -- Opprobrium; reproach; dishonor.
IGNOMY Ig"no*my, n.
Defn: Ignominy. [R. & Obs.] I blush to think upon this ignomy. Shak.
IGNORAMUS Ig`no*ra"mus, n. Etym: [L., we are ignorant. See Ignore.]
1. (Law)
Defn: We are ignorant; we ignore; -- being the word formerly written on a bill of indictment by a grand jury when there was not sufficient evidence to warrant them in finding it a true bill. The phrase now used is, "No bill," "No true bill," or "Not found," though in some jurisdictions "Ignored" is still used. Wharton (Law Dict. ). Burn.
2. (pl. Ignoramuses (.)
Defn: A stupid, ignorant person; a vain pretender to knowledge; a dunce. An ignoramus in place and power. South.
IGNORANCE Ig"no*rance, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. ignorantia.]
1. The condition of being ignorant; the want of knowledge in general, or in relation to a particular subject; the state of being uneducated or uninformed. Ignorance is the curse of God, Knowledge the wing wherewith we fly to heaven. Shak.
2. (Theol.)
Defn: A willful neglect or refusal to acquire knowledge which one may acquire and it is his duty to have. Book of Common Prayer. Invincible ignorance (Theol.), ignorance beyond the individual's control and for which, therefore, he is not responsible before God.
IGNORANT Ig"no*rant, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. ignorans, -antis, p.pr. of ignorare to be ignorant. See Ignore.]
1. Destitute of knowledge; uninstructed or uninformed; untaught; unenlightened. He that doth not know those things which are of use for him to know, is but an ignorant man, whatever he may know besides. Tillotson.
2. Unacquainted with; unconscious or unaware; -- used with of. Ignorant of guilt, I fear not shame. Dryden.
3. Unknown; undiscovered. [Obs.] Ignorant concealment. Shak. Alas, what ignorant sin have I committed Shak.
4. Resulting from ignorance; foolish; silly. His shipping, Poor ignorant baubles! -- on our terrible seas, Like eggshells moved. Shak.
Syn. -- Uninstructed; untaught; unenlightened; uninformed; unlearned; unlettered; illiterate. -- Ignorant, Illiterate. Ignorant denotes want of knowledge, either as to single subject or information in general; illiterate refers to an ignorance of letters, or of knowledge acquired by reading and study. In the Middle Ages, a great proportion of the higher classes were illiterate, and yet were far from being ignorant, especially in regard to war and other active pursuits. In such business Action is eloquence, and the eyes of the ignorant More learned than the ears. Shak. In the first ages of Christianity, not only the learned and the wise, but the ignorant and illiterate, embraced torments and death. Tillotson.
IGNORANT Ig"no*rant, n.
Defn: A person untaught or uninformed; one unlettered or unskilled; an ignoramous. Did I for this take pains to teach Our zealous ignorants to preach Denham.
IGNORANTISM Ig"no*rant*ism, n.
Defn: The spirit of those who extol the advantage to ignorance; obscuriantism.
IGNORANTIST Ig"no*rant*ist, n.
Defn: One opposed to the diffusion of knowledge; an obscuriantist.
IGNORANTLY Ig"no*rant*ly, adv.
Defn: In a ignorant manner; without knowledge; inadvertently. Whom therefoer ye ignorantly worship, him declare I unto you. Acts xvii. 23.
IGNORE Ig*nore", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ignored; p. pr. & vb. n. Ignoring.] Etym: [L. ignorare; pref. in- not + the root of gnarus knowing, noscere to become acquainted with. See Know, and cf. Narrate.]
1. To be ignorant of or not acquainted with. [Archaic] Philosophy would solidly be established, if men would more carefully distinguish those things that they know from those that they ignore. Boyle.
2. (Law)
Defn: To throw out or reject as false or ungrounded; -- said of a bill rejected by a grand jury for want of evidence. See Ignoramus.
3. Hence: To refuse to take notice of; to shut the eyes to; not to recognize; to disregard willfully and causelessly; as, to ignore certain facts; to ignore the presence of an objectionable person. Ignoring Italy under our feet, And seeing things before, behind. Mrs. Browning.
IGNOSCIBLE Ig*nos"ci*ble, a. Etym: [L. ignoscibilis, fr. ignoscere to pardon, lit., not to wish to know; pref. in- not + gnoscere, noscere, to learn to know. See In- not, and Know.]
Defn: Pardonable. [Obs.] Bailey.
IGNOTE Ig*note", a. Etym: [L. ignotus; pref. in- not + gnotus, notus, known, p.p. of gnocere, nocere, to learn to know.]
Defn: Unknown. [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys. -- n.
Defn: One who is unknown. Bp. Hacket.
IGUANA I*gua"na, n. Etym: [Sp. iguana, from the native name in Hayti. Cf. Guana.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any species of the genus Iguana, a genus of large American lizards of the family Iguanidæ. They are arboreal in their habits, usually green in color, and feed chiefly upon fruits.
Note: The common iguana (I. tuberculata) of the West Indies and South America is sometimes five feet long. Its flesh is highly prized as food. The horned iguana (I. cornuta) has a conical horn between the eyes.
IGUANIAN I*gua"ni*an, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Resembling, or pertaining to, the iguana.
IGUANID I*gua"nid, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Same as Iguanoid.
IGUANODON I*gua"no*don, n. Etym: [Iguana + Gr. (Paleon.)
Defn: A genus of gigantic herbivorous dinosaurs having a birdlike pelvis and large hind legs with three-toed feet capable of supporting the entire body. Its teeth resemble those of the iguana, whence its name. Several species are known, mostly from the Wealden of England and Europe. See Illustration in Appendix.
IGUANODONT I*gua"no*dont, a. (Paleon.)
Defn: Like or pertaining to the genus Iguanodon.
IGUANOID I*gua"noid, a. Etym: [Iguana + -oid.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Pertaining to the Iguanidæ.
IHLANG-IHLANG Ih*lang`-ih*lang", n. Etym: [Malayan, flower of flowers.]
Defn: A rich, powerful, perfume, obtained from the volatile oil of the flowers of Canada odorata, an East Indian tree. [Also written ylang-ylang.]
IHRAM Ih*ram", n.
Defn: The peculiar dress worn by pilgrims to Mecca.
IHVH IHVH. [Written also JHVH, YHVH.]
Defn: A transliteration of the four constants forming the Hebrew tetragrammaton or "incommunicable name" of the Supreme Being, which in latter Jewish tradition is not pronounced save with the vowels of adonai or elohim, so that the true pronunciation is lost.
Numerous attempts have been made to represent the supposed original form of the word, as Jahaveh, Jahvaj, Jahve, Jahveh, Yahve, Yahveh, Yahwe, Yahweh, etc.
IK Ik, pron. Etym: [See I.]
Defn: I [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
Note: The Northern dialectic form of I, in Early English, corresponding to ich of the Southern.
IL- Il-
Defn: . A form of the prefix in-, not, and in-, among. See In-.
ILE Ile, n. Etym: [AS. egl.]
Defn: Ear of corn. [Obs.] Ainsworth.
ILE Ile, n. Etym: [See Aisle.]
Defn: An aisle. [Obs.] H. Swinburne.
ILE Ile, n. Etym: [See Isle.]
Defn: An isle. [Obs.] Chaucer.
ILEAC Il"e*ac, a. Etym: [See Ileum.]
1. (Anat.)
Defn: Pertaining to the ileum. [Written also iliac.]
2. See Iliac,
1. [R.] Ileac passion. (Med.) See Ileus.
ILEOCAECAL Il`e*o*cæ"cal, a. Etym: [Ileum + cæcal.] (Anat.)
Defn: Pertaining to the ileum and cæcum.
ILEOCOLIC Il`e*o*col"ic, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Pertaining to the ileum and colon; as, the ileocolic, or ileocæcal, valve, a valve where the ileum opens into the large intestine.
ILEUM Il"e*um, n. Etym: [L. ile, ileum, ilium, pl. ilia, groin, flank.]
1. (Anat.)
Defn: The last, and usually the longest, division of the small intestine; the part between the jejunum and large intestine. [Written also ileon, and ilium.]
2. (Anat.)
Defn: See Ilium. [R.]
Note: Most modern writers restrict ileum to the division of the intestine and ilium to the pelvic bone.
ILEUS Il"e*us, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)
Defn: A morbid condition due to intestinal obstruction. It is characterized by complete constipation, with griping pains in the abdomen, which is greatly distended, and in the later stages by vomiting of fecal matter. Called also ileac, or iliac, passion.
ILEX I"lex, n. Etym: [L., holm oak.] (Bot.) (a) The holm oak (Quercus Ilex). (b) A genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, including the common holly.
ILIAC Il"i*ac, a. Etym: [L. Iliacus, Gr. Iliad.]
Defn: Pertaining to ancient Ilium, or Troy. Gladstone.
ILIAC Il"i*ac, a. Etym: [Cf. F. iliaque. See Ileum, and cf. Jade a stone.]
1. (Anat.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or in the region of, the ilium, or dorsal bone of the pelvis; as, the iliac artery. [Written also ileac.]
2. See Ileac, 1. [R.] Iliac crest, the upper margin of the ilium. -- Iliac passion. See Ileus. -- Iliac region, a region of the abdomen, on either side of the hypogastric regions, and below the lumbar regions.
ILIACAL I*li"a*cal, a.
Defn: Iliac. [R.]
ILIAD Il"i*ad, n. Etym: [L. Ilias, -adis, Gr.
Defn: A celebrated Greek epic poem, in twenty-four books, on the destruction of Ilium, the ancient Troy. The Iliad is ascribed to Homer.
ILIAL Il"i*al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Pertaining to the ilium; iliac.
ILICHE I*liche", adv. Etym: [OE., fr. AS. gelic. Cf. Alike.]
Defn: Alike. [Obs.] Chaucer.
ILICIC I*lic"ic, a. Etym: [L. ilex, ilicis, holm oak.]
Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, the holly (Ilex), and allied plants; as, ilicic acid.
ILICIN Il"i*cin, n. (Chem.)
Defn: The bitter principle of the holly.
ILIO- Il"i*o-. Etym: [From Ilium.]
Defn: A combining form used in anatomy to denote connection with, or relation to, the ilium; as, ilio-femoral, ilio-lumbar, ilio-psoas, etc.
ILIOFEMORAL Il`i*o*fem"o*ral, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Pertaining to the ilium and femur; as, iliofemoral ligaments.
ILIOLUMBAR Il`i*o*lum"bar, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Pertaining to the iliac and lumbar regions; as, the iliolumbar artery.
ILIOPSOAS Il`i*o*pso"as, n. (Anat.)
Defn: The great flexor muscle of the hip joint, divisible into two parts, the iliac and great psoas, -- often regarded as distinct muscles.
ILIUM Il"i*um, n. Etym: [See Ileum.] (Anat.)
Defn: The dorsal one of the three principal bones comprising either lateral half of the pelvis; the dorsal or upper part of the hip bone. See Innominate bone, under Innominate. [Written also ilion, and ileum.]
ILIXANTHIN Il`ix*an"thin, n. Etym: [Ilex the genus including the holly + Gr. (Chem.)
Defn: A yellow dye obtained from the leaves of the holly.
ILK Ilk, a. Etym: [Scot. ilk, OE. ilke the same, AS. ilca. Cf. Each.]
Defn: Same; each; every. [Archaic] Spenser. Of that ilk, denoting that a person's surname and the title of his estate are the same; as, Grant of that ilk, i.e., Grant of Grant. Jamieson.
ILKE Il"ke, a. Etym: [See Ilk.]
Defn: Same. [Obs.] Chaucer.
ILKON; ILKOON Il*kon", Il*koon", pron. Etym: [See Ilk, and One.]
Defn: Each one; every one. [Obs.] Chaucer.
ILL Ill, a. [The regular comparative and superlative are wanting, their places being supplied by worse ( and worst (, from another root.] Etym: [OE. ill, ille, Icel. illr; akin to Sw. illa, adv., Dan. ilde, adv.]
1. Contrary to good, in a physical sense; contrary or opposed to advantage, happiness, etc.; bad; evil; unfortunate; disagreeable; unfavorable. Neither is it ill air only that maketh an ill seat, but ill ways, ill markets, and ill neighbors. Bacon. There 's some ill planet reigns. Shak.
2. Contrary to good, in a moral sense; evil; wicked; wrong; iniquitious; naughtly; bad; improper. Of his own body he was ill, and gave The clergy ill example. Shak.
3. Sick; indisposed; unwell; diseased; disordered; as, ill of a fever. I am in health, I breathe, and see thee ill. Shak.
4. Not according with rule, fitness, or propriety; incorrect; rude; unpolished; inelegant. That 's an ill phrase. Shak. Ill at ease, uneasy; uncomfortable; anxious. "I am very ill at ease." Shak. -- Ill blood, enmity; resentment. -- Ill breeding, want of good breeding; rudeness. -- Ill fame, ill or bad repute; as, a house of ill fame, a house where lewd persons meet for illicit intercourse. -- Ill humor, a disagreeable mood; bad temper. -- Ill nature, bad disposition or temperament; sullenness; esp., a disposition to cause unhappiness to others. -- Ill temper, anger; moroseness; crossness. -- Ill turn. (a) An unkind act. (b) A slight attack of illness. [Colloq. U.S.] -- Ill will, unkindness; enmity; malevolence.
Syn. -- Bad; evil; wrong; wicked; sick; unwell.
ILL Ill, n.
1. Whatever annoys or impairs happiness, or prevents success; evil of any kind; misfortune; calamity; disease; pain; as, the ills of humanity. Who can all sense of others' ills escape Is but a brute at best in human shape. Tate. That makes us rather bear those ills we have Than fly to others that we know not of. Shak.
2. Whatever is contrary to good, in a moral sense; wickedness; depravity; iniquity; wrong; evil. Strong virtue, like strong nature, struggles still, Exerts itself, and then throws off the ill. Dryden.
ILL Ill, adv.
Defn: In a ill manner; badly; weakly. How ill this taper burns! Shak. Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, Where wealth accumulates and men decay. Goldsmith.
Note: Ill, like above, well, and so, is used before many participal adjectives, in its usual adverbal sense. When the two words are used as an epithet preceding the noun qualified they are commonly hyphened; in other cases they are written separatively; as, an ill- educated man; he was ill educated; an ill-formed plan; the plan, however ill formed, was acceptable. Ao, also, the following: ill- affected or ill affected, ill-arranged or ill arranged, ill-assorted or ill assorted, ill-boding or ill boding, ill-bred or ill bred, ill- conditioned, ill-conducted, ill-considered, ill-devised, ill- disposed, ill-doing, ill-fairing, ill-fated, ill-favored, ill- featured, ill-formed, ill-gotten, ill-imagined, ill-judged, ill- looking, ill-mannered, ill-matched, ill-meaning, ill-minded, ill- natured, ill-omened, ill-proportioned, ill-provided, ill-required, ill-sorted, ill-starred, ill-tempered, ill-timed, ill-trained, ill- used, and the like.
I' LL I' ll
Defn: . Contraction for I will or I shall. I'll by a sign give notice to our friends. Shak.
ILLABILE Il*lab"ile, a.
Defn: Incapable of falling or erring; infalliable. [Obs.] -- Il`la*bil"i*ty, n. [Obs.]
ILLACERABLE Il*lac"er*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. illacerabilis: cf. F. illacérable. See In- not, and Lacerable.]
Defn: Not lacerable; incapable of being torn or rent. [Obs.]
ILLACRYMABLE Il*lac"ry*ma*ble, a. Etym: [L. illacrimabilis; pref. il- not + lacrimabilis worthy of tears.]
Defn: Incapable of weeping. [Obs.] Bailey.
ILLAPSABLE Il*laps"a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. il- not + lapsable.]
Defn: Incapable of slipping, or of error. [R.] Morally immutable and illapsable. Glanvill.
ILLAPSE Il*lapse", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Illapsed; p. pr. & vb. n. Illapsing.] Etym: [L. illapsus, p.p. of illabi; pref. il- in + labi to fall, slide.]
Defn: To fall or glide; to pass; -- usually followed by into. Cheyne.
ILLAPSE Il*lapse", n. Etym: [L. illapsus. See Illapse, v. i.]
Defn: A gliding in; an immisson or entrance of one thing into another; also, a sudden descent or attack. Akenside. They sit silent . . . waiting for an illapse of the spirit. Jeffrey.
ILLAQUEABLE Il*la"que*a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being insnared or entrapped. [R.] Cudworth.
ILLAQUEATE Il*la"que*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illaqueated; p. pr. & vb. n. Illaqueating.] Etym: [L. illaqueatus, p.p. of illaqueare; pref. il- in + laqueare to insnare, fr. laqueus, noose, snare.]
Defn: To insnare; to entrap; to entangle; to catch. Let not the surpassing eloquence of Taylor dazzle you, nor his scholastic retairy versatility of logic illaqueate your good sense. Coleridge.
ILLAQUEATION Il*la`que*a"tion, n.
1. The act of catching or insnaring. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
2. A snare; a trap. Johnson.
ILLATION Il*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. illatio, fr. illatus, used as p.p. of inferre to carry or bring in, but from a different root: cf. F. illation. See 1st In-, and Tolerate, and cf. Infer.]
Defn: The act or process of inferring from premises or reasons; perception of the connection between ideas; that which is inferred; inference; deduction; conclusion. Fraudulent deductions or inconsequent illations from a false conception of things. Sir T. Browne.
ILLATIVE Il"la*tive, a. Etym: [L. illativus: cf. F. illatif.]
Defn: Relating to, dependent on, or denoting, illation; inferential; conclusive; as, an illative consequence or proposition; an illative word, as then, therefore, etc. Illative conversion (Logic), a converse or reverse statement of a proposition which in that form must be true because the original proposition is true. -- Illative sense (Metaph.), the faculty of the mind by which it apprehends the conditions and determines upon the correctness of inferences.
ILLATIVE Il"la*tive, n.
Defn: An illative particle, as for, because.
ILLATIVELY Il"la*tive*ly, adv.
Defn: By inference; as an illative; in an illative manner.
ILLAUDABLE Il*laud"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. illaudabilis. See In- not, and Laudable.]
Defn: Not laudable; not praise-worthy; worthy of censure or disapprobation. Milton. -- Il*laud"a*bly, adv. [Obs.] Broome.
ILL-BODING Ill`-bod"ing, a.
Defn: Boding evil; inauspicious; ill-omened. "Ill-boding stars." Shak.
ILL-BRED Ill"-bred`, a.
Defn: Badly educated or brought up; impolite; incivil; rude. See Note under Ill, adv.
ILLECEBRATION Il*lec`e*bra"tion, n. Etym: [See Illecebrous.]
Defn: Allurement. [R.] T. Brown.
ILLECEBROUS Il*lec"e*brous, a. Etym: [L. illecebrosus, fr. illecebra allurement, fr. illicere to allure.]
Defn: Alluring; attractive; enticing. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.
ILLEGAL Il*le"gal, a. Etym: [Pref. il- not + legal: cf. F. illégal.]
Defn: Not according to, or authorized by, law; specif., contrary to, or in violation of, human law; unlawful; illicit; hence, immoral; as, an illegal act; illegal trade; illegal love. Bp. Burnet.
ILLEGALITY Il`le*gal"i*ty, n.; pl. Illegalities. Etym: [Cf. F. illégalité.]
Defn: The quality or condition of being illegal; unlawfulness; as, the illegality of trespass or of false imprisonment; also, an illegal act.
ILLEGALIZE Il*le"gal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illegalized; p. pr. & vb. n. Illegalizing.]
Defn: To make or declare illegal or unlawful.
ILLEGALLY Il*le"gal*ly, adv.
Defn: In a illegal manner; unlawfully.
ILLEGALNESS Il*le"gal*ness, n.
Defn: Illegality, unlawfulness.
ILLEGIBILITY Il*leg`i*bil"i*ty, n.
Defn: The state or quality of being illegible.
ILLEGIBLE Il*leg"i*ble, a.
Defn: Incapable of being read; not legible; as, illegible handwriting; an illegible inscription. -- Il*leg"i*ble*ness, n. -- Il*leg"i*bly, adv.
ILLEGITIMACY Il`le*git"i*ma*cy, n.
Defn: The state of being illegitimate. Blackstone.
ILLEGITIMATE Il`le*git"i*mate, a.
1. Not according to law; not regular or authorized; unlawful; improper.
2. Unlawfully begotten; born out of wedlock; bastard; as, an illegitimate child.
3. Not legitimately deduced or inferred; illogical; as, an illegitimate inference.
4. Not authorized by good usage; not genuine; spurious; as, an illegitimate word. Illegitimate fertilization, or Illegitimate union (Bot.), the fertilization of pistils by stamens not of their own length, in heterogonously dimorphic and trimorphic flowers. Darwin.
ILLEGITIMATE Il`le*git"i*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illegitimated; p. pr. & vb. n. Illegitimating.]
Defn: To render illegitimate; to declare or prove to be born out of wedlock; to bastardize; to illegitimatize. The marriage should only be dissolved for the future, without illegitimating the issue. Bp. Burnet.
ILLEGITIMATELY Il`le*git"i*mate*ly, adv.
Defn: In a illegitimate manner; unlawfully.
ILLEGITIMATION Il`le*git`i*ma"tion, n.
1. The act of illegitimating; bastardizing.
2. The state of being illegitimate; illegitimacy. [Obs.] Gardiner had performed his promise to the queen of getting her illegitimation taken off. Bp. Burnet.
ILLEGITIMATIZE Il`le*git"i*ma*tize, v. t.
Defn: To render illegitimate; to bastardize.
ILLESIVE Il*le"sive, a. Etym: [Pref. il- not + L. laedere, laesum, to injure.]
Defn: Not injurious; harmless. [R.]
ILLEVIABLE Il*lev"i*a*ble, a.
Defn: Not leviable; incapable of being imposed, or collected. [R.] Sir M. Hale.
ILL-FAVORED Ill`-fa"vored, a.
Defn: Wanting beauty or attractiveness; deformed; ugly; ill-looking. Ill-favored and lean-fleshed. Gen. xli. 3. -- Ill`-fa"vored*ly, adv. -- Ill`-fa"vored*ness, n.
ILLIBERAL Il*lib"er*al, a. Etym: [L. illiberalis; pref. il- not + liberalis liberal: cf. F. illibéral.]
1. Not liberal; not free or generous; close; niggardly; mean; sordid. "A thrifty and illiberal hand." Mason.
2. Indicating a lack of breeding, culture, and the like; ignoble; rude; narrow-minded; disingenuous.
3. Not well authorized or elegant; as, illiberal words in Latin. [R.] Chesterfield.
ILLIBERALISM Il*lib"er*al*ism, n.
Defn: Illiberality. [R.]
ILLIBERALITY Il*lib`er*al"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. illiberalitas: cf. F. illibéralité.]
Defn: The state or quality of being illiberal; narrowness of mind; meanness; niggardliness. Bacon.
ILLIBERALIZE Il*lib"er*al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illiberalized; p. pr. & vb. n. Illiberalizing.]
Defn: To make illiberal.
ILLIBERALLY Il*lib"er*al*ly, adv.
Defn: In a illiberal manner, ungenerously; uncharitably; parsimoniously.
ILLIBERALNESS Il*lib"er*al*ness, n.
Defn: The state of being illiberal; illiberality.
ILLICIT Il*lic"it, a. Etym: [L. illicitus; pref. il- not + licitus, p.p. of licere to be allowed or permitted: cf. F. illicite. See In- not, and License.]
Defn: Not permitted or allowed; prohibited; unlawful; as, illicit trade; illicit intercourse; illicit pleasure. One illicit . . . transaction always leads to another. Burke. -- Il*lic"it*ly, adv. -- Il*lic"it*ness, n.
ILLICITOUS Il*lic"it*ous, a.
Defn: Illicit. [R.] Cotgrave.
ILLICIUM Il*li"ci*um, n. Etym: [So called, in allusion to its aroma, from L. illicium an allurement.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of Asiatic and American magnoliaceous trees, having star-shaped fruit; star anise. The fruit of Illicium anisatum is used as a spice in India, and its oil is largely used in Europe for flavoring cordials, being almost identical with true oil of anise.
ILLIGHTEN Il*light"en, v. t.
Defn: To enlighten. [Obs.]
ILLIMITABLE Il*lim"it*a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. il- not + limitable: cf. F. illimitable.]
Defn: Incapable of being limited or bounded; immeasurable; limitless; boundless; as, illimitable space. The wild, the irregular, the illimitable, and the luxuriant, have their appropriate force of beauty. De Quincey.
Syn. -- Boundless; limitless; unlimited; unbounded; immeasurable; infinite; immense; vast. -- Il*lim"it*a*ble*ness, n. -- Il*lim"it*a*bly, adv.
ILLIMITATION Il*lim`it*a"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. il- not + limitation: cf. F. illimitation.]
Defn: State of being illimitable; want of, or freedom from, limitation. Bp. Hall.
ILLIMITED Il*lim"it*ed, a.
Defn: Not limited; interminable. Bp. Hall. -- Il*lim"it*ed*ness, n. The absoluteness and illimitedness of his commission was generally much spoken of. Clarendon.
ILLINITION Il`li*ni"tion, n. Etym: [L. illinire, illinere, to besmear; pref. il- in, on + linire, linere, to smear.]
1. A smearing or rubbing in or on; also, that which is smeared or rubbed on, as ointment or liniment.
2. A thin crust of some extraneous substance formed on minerals. [R.] A thin crust or illinition of black manganese. Kirwan.
ILLINOIS Il`li*nois", n.sing. & pl. (Ethnol.)
Defn: A tribe of North American Indians, which formerly occupied the region between the Wabash and Mississippi rivers.
ILLIQUATION Il`li*qua"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. il- in + L. liquare to melt.]
Defn: The melting or dissolving of one thing into another.
ILLISH Ill"ish, a.
Defn: Somewhat ill. [Obs.] Howell.
ILLISION Il*li"sion, n. Etym: [L. illisio, fr. illidere, illisum, to strike against; pref. il- in + laedere to strike.]
Defn: The act of dashing or striking against. Sir T. Browne.
ILLITERACY Il*lit"er*a*cy, n.; pl. Illiteracies. Etym: [From Illiterate.]
1. The state of being illiterate, or uneducated; want of learning, or knowledge; ignorance; specifically, inability to read and write; as, the illiteracy shown by the last census.
2. An instance of ignorance; a literary blunder. The many blunders and illiteracies of the first publishers of his [Shakespeare's] works. Pope.
ILLITERAL Il*lit"er*al, a.
Defn: Not literal. [R.] B. Dawson.
ILLITERATE Il*lit"er*ate, a. Etym: [L. illiteratus: pref. il- not + literatus learned. See In- not, and Literal.]
Defn: Ignorant of letters or books; unlettered; uninstructed; uneducated; as, an illiterate man, or people.
Syn. -- Ignorant; untaught; unlearned; unlettered; unscholary. See Ignorant. -- Il*lit"er*ate*ly, adv. -- Il*lit"er*ate*ness, n.
ILLITERATURE Il*lit"er*a*ture, n.
Defn: Want of learning; illiteracy. [R.] Ayliffe. Southey.
ILL-JUDGED Ill"-judged`, a.
Defn: Not well judged; unwise.
ILL-LIVED Ill"-lived`, a.
Defn: Leading a wicked life. [Obs.]
ILL-LOOKING Ill"-look`ing, a.
Defn: Having a bad look; threatening; ugly. See Note under Ill, adv.
ILL-MANNERED Ill`-man"nered, a.
Defn: Impolite; rude.
ILL-MINDED Ill"-mind`ed, a.
Defn: Ill-disposed. Byron.
ILL-NATURED Ill`-na"tured, a.
1. Of habitual bad temper; peevish; fractious; cross; crabbed; surly; as, an ill-natured person.
2. Dictated by, or indicating, ill nature; spiteful. "The ill-natured task refuse." Addison.
3. Intractable; not yielding to culture. [R.] "Ill-natured land." J. Philips. -- Ill`-na"tured*ly, adv. -- Ill`-na"tured*ness, n.
ILLNESS Ill"ness, n. Etym: [From Ill.]
1. The condition of being ill, evil, or bad; badness; unfavorableness. [Obs.] "The illness of the weather." Locke.
2. Disease; indisposition; malady; disorder of health; sickness; as, a short or a severe illness.
3. Wrong moral conduct; wickedness. Shak.
Syn. -- Malady; disease; indisposition; ailment. -- Illness, Sickness. Within the present century, there has been a tendency in England to use illness in the sense of a continuous disease, disorder of health, or sickness, and to confine sickness more especially to a sense of nausea, or "sickness of the stomach."
ILL-NURTURED Ill"-nur`tured, a.
Defn: Ill-bred. Shak.
ILLOCALITY Il`lo*cal"i*ty, n.
Defn: Want of locality or place. [R.] Cudworth.
ILLOGICAL Il*log"ic*al, a.
Defn: Ignorant or negligent of the rules of logic or correct reasoning; as, an illogical disputant; contrary of the rules of logic or sound reasoning; as, an illogical inference. -- Il*log"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Il*log"ic*al*ness, n.
ILL-OMENED Ill`-o"mened, a.
Defn: Having unlucky omens; inauspicious. See Note under Ill, adv.
ILL-STARRED Ill"-starred`, a.
Defn: Fated to be unfortunate; unlucky; as, an ill-starred man or day.
ILL-TEMPERED Ill`-tem"pered, a.
1. Of bad temper; morose; crabbed; sour; peevish; fretful; quarrelsome.
2. Unhealthy; ill-conditioned. [Obs.] So ill-tempered I am grown, that I am afraid I shall catch cold, while all the world is afraid to melt away. Pepys.
ILL-TIMED Ill"-timed`, a.
Defn: Done, attempted, or said, at an unsuitable or unpropitious time.
ILLTREAT Ill`treat", v. t.
Defn: To treat cruelly or improperly; to ill use; to maltreat.
ILLUDE Il*lude", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illuded; p. pr. & vb. n. Illuding.] Etym: [L. illudere, illusum; pref. il- in + ludere to play: cf. OF. illuder. See Ludicrous.]
Defn: To play upon by artifice; to deceive; to mock; to excite and disappoint the hopes of.
ILLUME Il*lume", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illumed; p. pr. & vb. n. Illuming.] Etym: [Cf. F. illuminer. See Illuminate.]
Defn: To throw or spread light upon; to make light or bright; to illuminate; to illumine. Shak. The mountain's brow, Illumed with fluid gold. Thomson.
ILLUMINABLE Il*lu"mi*na*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being illuminated.
ILLUMINANT Il*lu"mi*nant, n. Etym: [L. illuminans, -antis, p.pr. of illuminare.]
Defn: That which illuminates or affords light; as, gas and petroleum are illuminants. Boyle.
ILLUMINARY Il*lu"mi*na*ry, a.
Defn: Illuminative.
ILLUMINATE Il*lu"mi*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illuminated; p. pr. & vb. n. Illuminating.] Etym: [L. illuminatus, p.p. of illuminare; pref. il- in + luminare to enlighten, fr. lumen light. See Luminous, and cf. Illume, Illumine, Enlimn, Limn.]
1. To make light; to throw light on; to supply with light, literally or figuratively; to brighten.
2. To light up; to decorate with artificial lights, as a building or city, in token of rejoicing or respect.
3. To adorn, as a book or page with borders, initial letters, or miniature pictures in colors and gold, as was done in manuscripts of the Middle Ages.
4. To make plain or clear; to dispel the obscurity to by knowledge or reason; to explain; to elucidate; as, to illuminate a text, a problem, or a duty.
ILLUMINATE Il*lu"mi*nate, v. i.
Defn: To light up in token or rejoicing.
ILLUMINATE Il*lu"mi*nate, a. Etym: [L. illuminatus, p.p.]
Defn: Enlightened. Bp. Hall.
ILLUMINATE Il*lu"mi*nate, n.
Defn: One who enlightened; esp., a pretender to extraordinary light and knowledge.
ILLUMINATI Il*lu`mi*na"ti, n. pl. Etym: [L. illuminatus. See Illuminate, v. t., and cf. Illuminee.]
Defn: Literally, those who are enlightened; -- variously applied as follows: -
1. (Eccl.)
Defn: Persons in the early church who had received baptism; in which ceremony a lighted taper was given them, as a symbol of the spiritual illumination they has received by that sacrament.
2. (Eccl. Hist.)
Defn: Members of a sect which sprung up in Spain about the year 1575. Their principal doctrine was, that, by means of prayer, they had attained to so perfect a state as to have no need of ordinances, sacraments, good works, etc.; -- called also Alumbrados, Perfectibilists, etc.
3. (Mod. Hist.)
Defn: Members of certain associations in Modern Europe, who combined to promote social reforms, by which they expected to raise men and society to perfection, esp. of one originated in 1776 by Adam Weishaupt, professor of canon law at Ingolstadt, which spread rapidly for a time, but ceased after a few years.
4. Also applied to: (a) An obscure sect of French Familists. (b) The Hesychasts, Mystics, and Quietists; (c) The Rosicrucians.
5. Any persons who profess special spiritual or intellectual enlightenment.
ILLUMINATING Il*lu"mi*na`ting, a.
Defn: Giving or producing light; used for illumination. Illuminating gas. See Gas, n., 2 (a).
ILLUMINATION Il*lu`mi*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. illuminatio: cf. F. illumination.]
1. The act of illuminating, or supplying with light; the state of being illuminated.
2. Festive decoration of houses or buildings with lights.
3. Adornment of books and manuscripts with colored illustrations. See Illuminate, v. t., 3.
4. That which is illuminated, as a house; also, an ornamented book or manuscript.
5. That which illuminates or gives light; brightness; splendor; especially, intellectual light or knowledge. The illumination which a bright genius giveth to his work. Felton.
6. (Theol.)
Defn: The special communication of knowledge to the mind by God; inspiration. Hymns and psalms . . . are framed by meditation beforehand, or by prophetical illumination are inspired. Hooker.
ILLUMINATISM Il*lu"mi*na*tism, n.
Defn: Illuminism. [R.]
ILLUMINATIVE Il*lu"mi*na*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. illuminatif.]
Defn: Tending to illuminate or illustrate; throwing light; illustrative. "Illuminative reading." Carlyle.
ILLUMINATOR Il*lu"mi*na`tor, n. Etym: [L., an enlightener, LL. also, an illuminator of books.]
1. One whose occupation is to adorn books, especially manuscripts, with miniatures, borders, etc. See Illuminate, v. t., 3.
2. A condenser or reflector of light in optical apparatus; also, an illuminant.
ILLUMINE Il*lu"mine, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. illuminer. See Illuminate.]
Defn: To illuminate; to light up; to adorn.
ILLUMINEE Il*lu`mi*nee", n. Etym: [F. illuminé. Cf. Illuminati.]
Defn: One of the Illuminati.
ILLUMINER Il*lu"mi*ner, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, illuminates.
ILLUMINISM Il*lu"mi*nism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. illuminisme.]
Defn: The principles of the Illuminati.
ILLUMINISTIC Il*lu`mi*nis"tic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to illuminism, or the Illuminati.
ILLUMINIZE Il*lu"mi*nize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illuminized; p. pr. & vb. n. Illuminizing.]
Defn: To initiate the doctrines or principles of the Illuminati.
ILLUMINOUS Il*lu"mi*nous, a.
Defn: Bright; clear. [R.] H. Taylor.
ILLURE Il*lure", v. t. Etym: [Pref. il- in + lure.]
Defn: To deceive; to entice; to lure. [Obs.] The devil insnareth the souls of many men, by illuring them with the muck and dung of this world. Fuller.
ILL-USED Ill`-used", a.
Defn: Misapplied; treated badly.
ILLUSION Il*lu"sion, n. Etym: [F. illusion, L. illusio, fr. illudere, illusum, to illude. See Illude.]
1. An unreal image presented to the bodily or mental vision; a deceptive appearance; a false show; mockery; hallucination. To cheat the eye with blear illusions. Milton.
2. Hence: Anything agreeably fascinating and charning; enchantment; witchery; glamour. Ye soft illusions, dear deceits, arise! Pope.
3. (Physiol.)
Defn: A sensation originated by some external object, but so modified as in any way to lead to an erroneous perception; as when the rolling of a wagon is mistaken for thunder.
Note: Some modern writers distinguish between an illusion and hallucination, regarding the former as originating with some external object, and the latter as having no objective occasion whatever.
4. A plain, delicate lace, usually of silk, used for veils, scarfs, dresses, etc.
Syn. -- Delusion; mockery; deception; chimera; fallacy. See Delusion. Illusion, Delusion. Illusion refers particularly to errors of the sense; delusion to false hopes or deceptions of the mind. An optical deception is an illusion; a false opinion is a delusion. E. Edwards.
ILLUSIONABLE Il*lu"sion*a*ble, a.
Defn: Liable to illusion.
ILLUSIONIST Il*lu"sion*ist, n.
Defn: One given to illusion; a visionary dreamer.
ILLUSIVE Il*lu"sive, a. Etym: [See Illude.]
Defn: Deceiving by false show; deceitful; deceptive; false; illusory; unreal. Truth from illusive falsehood to command. Thomson.
ILLUSIVELY Il*lu"sive*ly, adv.
Defn: In a illusive manner; falsely.
ILLUSIVENESS Il*lu"sive*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being illusive; deceptiveness; false show.
ILLUSORY Il*lu"so*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. illusore.]
Defn: Deceiving, or tending of deceive; fallacious; illusive; as, illusory promises or hopes.
ILLUSTRABLE Il*lus"tra*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of illustration. Sir T. Browne.
ILLUSTRATE Il*lus"trate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illustrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Illustrating.] Etym: [L. illustratus, p.p. of illustrare to illustrate, fr. illustris bright. See Illustrious.]
1. To make clear, bright, or luminous. Here, when the moon illustrates all the sky. Chapman.
2. To set in a clear light; to exhibit distinctly or conspicuously. Shak. To prove him, and illustrate his high worth. Milton.
3. To make clear, intelligible, or apprehensible; to elucidate, explain, or exemplify, as by means of figures, comparisons, and examples.
4. To adorn with pictures, as a book or a subject; to elucidate with pictures, as a history or a romance.
5. To give renown or honor to; to make illustrious; to glorify. [Obs.] Matter to me of glory, whom their hate Illustrates. Milton.
ILLUSTRATE Il*lus"trate, a. Etym: [L. illustratus, p.p.]
Defn: Illustrated; distinguished; illustrious. [Obs.] This most gallant, illustrate, and learned gentleman. Shak.
ILLUSTRATION Il`lus*tra"tion, n. Etym: [L. illustratio: cf. F. illustration.]
1. The act of illustrating; the act of making clear and distinct; education; also, the state of being illustrated, or of being made clear and distinct.
2. That which illustrates; a comparison or example intended to make clear or apprehensible, or to remove obscurity.
3. A picture designed to decorate a volume or elucidate a literary work.
ILLUSTRATIVE Il*lus"tra*tive, a.
1. Tending or designed to illustrate, exemplify, or elucidate.
2. Making illustrious. [Obs.]
ILLUSTRATIVELY Il*lus"tra*tive*ly, adv.
Defn: By way of illustration or elucidation. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
ILLUSTRATOR Il*lus"tra*tor, n. Etym: [L.]
Defn: One who illustrates.
ILLUSTRATORY Il*lus"tra*to*ry, a.
Defn: Serving to illustrate.
ILLUSTRIOUS Il*lus"tri*ous, a. Etym: [L. illustris, prob. for illuxtris; fr. il- in + the root of lucidus bright: cf. F. illustre. See Lucid.]
1. Possessing luster or brightness; brilliant; luminous; splendid. Quench the light; thine eyes are guides illustrious. Beau. & Fl.
2. Characterized by greatness, nobleness, etc.; eminent; conspicuous; distinguished. Illustrious earls, renowened everywhere. Drayton.
3. Conferring luster or honor; renowned; as, illustrious deeds or titles.
Syn. -- Distinguished; famous; remarkable; brilliant; conspicuous; noted; celebrated; signal; renowened; eminent; exalted; noble; glorious. See Distinguished, Famous.
ILLUSTRIOUSLY Il*lus"tri*ous*ly, adv.
Defn: In a illustrious manner; conspicuously; eminently; famously. Milton.
ILLUSTRIOUSNESS Il*lus"tri*ous*ness, n.
Defn: The state or quality of being eminent; greatness; grandeur; glory; fame.
ILLUSTROUS Il*lus"trous, a. Etym: [Pref. il- not + lustrous.]
Defn: Without luster. [Obs. & R.]
ILLUTATION Il`lu*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. il- in + L. lutum mud: cf. F. illutation.]
Defn: The act or operation of smearing the body with mud, especially with the sediment from mineral springs; a mud bath.
ILLUXURIOUS Il`lux*u"ri*ous, a.
Defn: Not luxurious. [R.] Orrery.
ILL-WILL Ill`-will"
Defn: . See under Ill, a.
ILL-WISHER Ill`-wish"er, n.
Defn: One who wishes ill to another; an enemy.
ILLY Il"ly, adv.
Defn: Etym: [A word not fully approved, but sometimes used for the adverb ill.]
ILMENITE Il"men*ite, n. Etym: [So called from Ilmen, a branch of the Ural Mountains.] (Min.)
Defn: Titanic iron. See Menaccanite.
ILMENIUM Il*me"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Ilmenite.] (Chem.)
Defn: A supposed element claimed to have been discovered by R.Harmann.
ILVAITE Il"va*ite, n. Etym: [From L. Ilva, the island now called Elba.] (Min.)
Defn: A silicate of iron and lime occurring in black prismatic crystals and columnar masses.
I'M I'm
Defn: . A contraction of I am.
IM- Im-
Defn: . A form of the prefix in- not, and in- in. See In-. Im- also occurs in composition with some words not of Latin origin; as, imbank, imbitter.
IMAGE Im"age, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. imago, imaginis, from the root of imitari to imitate. See Imitate, and cf. Imagine.]
1. An imitation, representation, or similitude of any person, thing, or act, sculptured, drawn, painted, or otherwise made perceptible to the sight; a visible presentation; a copy; a likeness; an effigy; a picture; a semblance. Even like a stony image, cold and numb. Shak. Whose is this image and superscription Matt. xxii. 20. This play is the image of a murder done in Vienna. Shak. And God created man in his own image. Gen. i. 27.
2. Hence: The likeness of anything to which worship is paid; an idol. Chaucer. Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, . . . thou shalt not bow down thyself to them. Ex. xx. 4, 5.
3. Show; appearance; cast. The face of things a frightful image bears. Dryden.
4. A representation of anything to the mind; a picture drawn by the fancy; a conception; an idea. Can we conceive Image of aught delightful, soft, or great Prior.
5. (Rhet.)
Defn: A picture, example, or illustration, often taken from sensible objects, and used to illustrate a subject; usually, an extended metaphor. Brande & C.
6. (Opt.)
Defn: The figure or picture of any object formed at the focus of a lens or mirror, by rays of light from the several points of the object symmetrically refracted or reflected to corresponding points in such focus; this may be received on a screen, a photographic plate, or the retina of the eye, and viewed directly by the eye, or with an eyeglass, as in the telescope and microscope; the likeness of an object formed by reflection; as, to see one's image in a mirror. Electrical image. See under Electrical. -- Image breaker, one who destroys images; an iconoclast. -- Image graver, Image maker, a sculptor. -- Image worship, the worship of images as symbols; iconolatry distinguished from idolatry; the worship of images themselves. -- Image Purkinje (Physics), the image of the retinal blood vessels projected in, not merely on, that membrane. -- Virtual image (Optics), a point or system of points, on one side of a mirror or lens, which, if it existed, would emit the system of rays which actually exists on the other side of the mirror or lens. Clerk Maxwell.
IMAGE Im"age, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imaged; p. pr. & vb. n. Imaging.]
1. To represent or form an image of; as, the still lake imaged the shore; the mirror imaged her figure. "Shrines of imaged saints." J. Warton.
2. To represent to the mental vision; to form a likeness of by the fancy or recollection; to imagine. Condemn'd whole years in absence to deplore, And image charms he must behold no more. Pope.
IMAGEABLE Im"age*a*ble, a.
Defn: That may be imaged. [R.]
IMAGELESS Im"age*less, a.
Defn: Having no image. Shelley.
IMAGER Im"a*ger, n.
Defn: One who images or forms likenesses; a sculptor. [Obs.] Praxiteles was ennobled for a rare imager. Holland.
IMAGERY Im"age*ry, n. Etym: [OE. imagerie, F. imagerie.]
1. The work of one who makes images or visible representation of objects; imitation work; images in general, or in mass. "Painted imagery." Shak. In those oratories might you see Rich carvings, portraitures, and imagery. Dryden.
2. Fig.: Unreal show; imitation; appearance. What can thy imagery of sorrow mean Prior.
3. The work of the imagination or fancy; false ideas; imaginary phantasms. The imagery of a melancholic fancy. Atterbury.
4. Rhetorical decoration in writing or speaking; vivid descriptions presenting or suggesting images of sensible objects; figures in discourse. I wish there may be in this poem any instance of good imagery. Dryden.
IMAGINABILITY Im*ag`i*na*bil"i*ty, n.
Defn: Capacity for imagination. [R.] Coleridge.
IMAGINABLE Im*ag"i*na*ble, a. Etym: [L. imaginabilis: cf. F. imaginable.]
Defn: Capable of being imagined; conceivable. Men sunk into the greatest darkness imaginable. Tillotson. -- Im*ag"i*na*ble*ness, n. -- Im*ag"i*na*bly, adv.
IMAGINAL Im*ag"i*nal, a. Etym: [L. imaginalis.]
1. Characterized by imagination; imaginative; also, given to the use or rhetorical figures or imagins.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to an imago. Imaginal disks (Zoöl.), masses of hypodermic cells, carried by the larvæ of some insects after leaving the egg, from which masses the wings and legs of the adult are subsequently formed.
IMAGINANT Im*ag"i*nant, a. Etym: [L. imaginans, p.pr. of imaginari: cf. F. imaginant.]
Defn: Imagining; conceiving. [Obs.] Bacon. -- n.
Defn: An imaginer. [Obs.] Glanvill.
IMAGINARILY Im*ag"i*na*ri*ly, a.
Defn: In a imaginary manner; in imagination. B. Jonson.
IMAGINARINESS Im*ag"i*na*ri*ness, n.
Defn: The state or quality of being imaginary; unreality.
IMAGINARY Im*ag"i*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. imaginarius: cf. F. imaginaire.]
Defn: Existing only in imagination or fancy; not real; fancied; visionary; ideal. Wilt thou add to all the griefs I suffer Imaginary ills and fancied tortures Addison. Imaginary calculus See under Calculus. -- Imaginary expression or quantity (Alg.), an algebraic expression which involves the impossible operation of taking the square root of a negative quantity; as, sq. root-9, a + b sq. root-1. -- Imaginary points, lines, surfaces, etc. (Geom.), points, lines, surfaces, etc., imagined to exist, although by reason of certain changes of a figure they have in fact ceased to have a real existence.
Syn. -- Ideal; fanciful; chimerical; visionary; fancied; unreal; illusive.
IMAGINARY Im*ag"i*na*ry, n. (Alg.)
Defn: An imaginary expression or quantity.
IMAGINATE Im*ag"i*nate, a.
Defn: Imaginative. [Obs.] Holland.
IMAGINATION Im*ag`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [OE. imaginacionum, F. imagination, fr. L. imaginatio. See Imagine.]
1. The imagine-making power of the mind; the power to create or reproduce ideally an object of sense previously perceived; the power to call up mental imagines. Our simple apprehension of corporeal objects, if present, is sense; if absent, is imagination. Glanvill. Imagination is of three kinds: joined with belief of that which is to come; joined with memory of that which is past; and of things present, or as if they were present. Bacon.
2. The representative power; the power to reconstruct or recombine the materials furnished by direct apprehension; the complex faculty usually termed the plastic or creative power; the fancy. The imagination of common language -- the productive imagination of philosophers -- is nothing but the representative process plus the process to which I would give the name of the "comparative." Sir W. Hamilton. The power of the mind to decompose its conceptions, and to recombine the elements of them at its pleasure, is called its faculty of imagination. I. Taylor. The business of conception is to present us with an exact transcript of what we have felt or perceived. But we have moreover a power of modifying our conceptions, by combining the parts of different ones together, so as to form new wholes of our creation. I shall employ the word imagination to express this power. Stewart.
3. The power to recombine the materials furnished by experience or memory, for the accomplishment of an elevated purpose; the power of conceiving and expressing the ideal. The lunatic, the lover, and the poet Are of imagination all compact . . . The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling, Doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven, And as imagination bodies forth The forms of things unknown, the poet's pen Turns them to shapes, and gives to airy nothing A local habitation and a name. Shak.
4. A mental image formed by the action of the imagination as a faculty; a conception; a notion. Shak.
Syn. -- Conception; idea; conceit; fancy; device; origination; invention; scheme; design; purpose; contrivance. -- Imagination, Fancy. These words have, to a great extent, been interchanged by our best writers, and considered as strictly synonymous. A distinction, however, is now made between them which more fully exhibits their nature. Properly speaking, they are different exercises of the same general power -- the plastic or creative faculty. Imagination consists in taking parts of our conceptions and combining them into new forms and images more select, more striking, more delightful, more terrible, etc., than those of ordinary nature. It is the higher exercise of the two. It creates by laws more closely connected with the reason; it has strong emotion as its actuating and formative cause; it aims at results of a definite and weighty character. Milton's fiery lake, the debates of his Pandemonium, the exquisite scenes of his Paradise, are all products of the imagination. Fancy moves on a lighter wing; it is governed by laws of association which are more remote, and sometimes arbitrary or capricious. Hence the term fanciful, which exhibits fancy in its wilder flights. It has for its actuating spirit feelings of a lively, gay, and versatile character; it seeks to please by unexpected combinations of thought, startling contrasts, flashes of brilliant imagery, etc. Pope's Rape of the Lock is an exhibition of fancy which has scarcely its equal in the literature of any country. -- "This, for instance, Wordworth did in respect of the words `imagination' and `fancy.' Before he wrote, it was, I suppose, obscurely felt by most that in `imagination' there was more of the earnest, in `fancy' of the play of the spirit; that the first was a loftier faculty and gift than the second; yet for all this words were continually, and not without loss, confounded. He first, in the preface to his Lyrical Ballads, rendered it henceforth impossible that any one, who had read and mastered what he has written on the two words, should remain unconscious any longer of the important difference between them." Trench. The same power, which we should call fancy if employed on a production of a light nature, would be dignified with the title of imagination if shown on a grander scale. C. J. Smith.
IMAGINATIONAL Im*ag`i*na"tion*al, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, involving, or caused by, imagination.
IMAGINATIONALISM Im*ag`i*na"tion*al*ism, n.
Defn: Idealism. J. Grote.
IMAGINATIVE Im*ag"i*na*tive, a. Etym: [F. imaginatif.]
1. Proceeding from, and characterized by, the imagination, generally in the highest sense of the word. In all the higher departments of imaginative art, nature still constitues an important element. Mure.
2. Given to imagining; full of images, fancies, etc.; having a quick imagination; conceptive; creative. Milton had a highly imaginative, Cowley a very fanciful mind. Coleridge.
3. Unreasonably suspicious; jealous. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Im*ag"i*na*tive*ly, adv. -- Im*ag"i*na*tive*ness, n.
IMAGINE Im*ag"ine, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imagined; p. pr. & vb. n. Imagining.] Etym: [F. imaginer, L. imaginari, p.p. imaginatus, fr. imago image. See Image.]
1. To form in the mind a notion or idea of; to form a mental image of; to conceive; to produce by the imagination. In the night, imagining some fear, How easy is a bush supposed a bear! Shak.
2. To contrive in purpose; to scheme; to devise; to compass; to purpose. See Compass, v. t., 5. How long will ye imagine mischief against a man Ps. lxii. 3.
3. To represent to one's self; to think; to believe. Shak.
Syn. -- To fancy; conceive; apprehend; think; believe; suppose; opine; deem; plan; scheme; devise.
IMAGINE Im*ag"ine, v. i.
1. To form images or conceptions; to conceive; to devise.
2. To think; to suppose. My sister is not so defenseless left As you imagine. Milton.
IMAGINER Im*ag"in*er, n.
Defn: One who forms ideas or conceptions; one who contrives. Bacon.
IMAGINOUS Im*ag"in*ous, a.
Defn: Imaginative. [R.] Chapman.
IMAGO I*ma"go, n.; pl. Imagoes. Etym: [L. See Image.]
1. An image.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The final adult, and usually winged, state of an insect. See Illust. of Ant-lion, and Army worm.
IMAM; IMAN; IMAUM I*mam", I*man", I*maum", n. Etym: [Ar. imam.]
1. Among the Mohammedans, a minister or priest who performs the regular service of the mosque.
2. A Mohammedan prince who, as a successor of Mohammed, unites in his person supreme spiritual and temporal power.
IMARET I*ma"ret, n. Etym: [Turk., fr. Ar. 'imara.]
Defn: A lodging house for Mohammedan pilgrims. Moore.
IMBALM Im*balm", v. t.
Defn: See Embalm.
IMBAN Im*ban", v. t.
Defn: To put under a ban. [R.] Barlow.
IMBAND Im*band", v. t.
Defn: To form into a band or bands. "Imbanded nations." J. Barlow.
IMBANK Im*bank", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbanked; p. pr. & vb. n. Imbanking.] Etym: [Pref. im- in + bank. Cf. Embank.]
Defn: To inclose or defend with a bank or banks. See Embank.
IMBANKMENT Im*bank"ment, n.
Defn: The act of surrounding with a bank; a bank or mound raised for defense, a roadway, etc.; an embankment. See Embankment.
IMBANNERED Im*ban"nered, a.
Defn: Having banners.
IMBAR Im*bar", v. t.
Defn: To bar in; to secure. [Obs.] To imbar their crooked titles. Shak.
IMBARGO Im*bar"go, n.
Defn: See Embargo.
IMBARK Im*bark", v. i. & t.
Defn: See Embark.
IMBARN Im*barn", v. t.
Defn: To store in a barn. [Obs.]
IMBASE Im*base", v. t.
Defn: See Embase.
IMBASE Im*base", v. i.
Defn: To diminish in value. [Obs.] Hales.
IMBASTARDIZE Im*bas"tard*ize, v. t.
Defn: To bastardize; to debase. [Obs.] Milton.
IMBATHE Im*bathe", v. t. Etym: [Pref. im- in + bathe. Cf. Embathe.]
Defn: To bathe; to wash freely; to immerce. And gave her to his daughters to imbathe In nectared lavers strewed with asphodel. Milton.
IMBAY Im*bay", v. t.
Defn: See Embay.
IMBECILE Im"be*cile, a. Etym: [L. imbecillis, and imbecillus; of unknown origin: cf. F. imbécile.]
Defn: Destitute of strength, whether of body or mind; feeble; impotent; esp., mentally wea; feeble-minded; as, hospitals for the imbecile and insane.
Syn. -- Weak; feeble; feeble-minded; idiotic.
IMBECILE Im"be*cile, n.
Defn: One destitute of strength; esp., one of feeble mind.
IMBECILE Im"be*cile, v. t.
Defn: To weaken; to make imbecile; as, to imbecile men's courage. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
IMBECILITATE Im`be*cil"i*tate, v. t.
Defn: To weaken, as to the body or the mind; to enfeeble. [R.] A. Wilson.
IMBECILITY Im`be*cil"i*ty, n.; pl. Imbecilities. Etym: [L. imbecillitas: cf. F. imbécillité.]
Defn: The quality of being imbecile; weakness; feebleness, esp. of mind. Cruelty . . . argues not only a depravedness of nature, but also a meanness of courage and imbecility of mind. Sir W. Temple.
Note: This term is used specifically to denote natural weakness of the mental faculties, affecting one's power to act reasonably or intelligently.
Syn. -- Debility; infirmity; weakness; feebleness; impotence. See Debility.
IMBED Im*bed", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbedded; p. pr. & vb. n. Imbedding.] Etym: [Pref. im- in + bed. Cf. Embed.]
Defn: To sink or lay, as in a bed; to deposit in a partly inclosing mass, as of clay or mortar; to cover, as with earth, sand, etc.
IMBELLIC Im*bel"lic, a. Etym: [L. imbellis; pref. im- = in- not + bellum war; cf. bellicus warlike.]
Defn: Not warlike or martial. [Obs.] R. Junius.
IMBENCHING Im*bench"ing, n. Etym: [Pref. im- in + bench.]
Defn: A raised work like a bench. [Obs.] Parkhurst.
IMBER-GOOSE Im"ber-goose`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The loon. See Ember-goose.
IMBEZZLE Im*bez"zle, v. t. [Obs.]
Defn: See Embezzle.
IMBIBE Im*bibe", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbibed; p. pr. & vb. n. Imbibing.] Etym: [L. imbibere; pref. im- in + bibere to drink: cf. F. imbiber. Cf. Bib, Imbue, Potable.]
1. To drink in; to absorb; to suck or take in; to receive as by drinking; as, a person imbibes drink, or a sponge imbibes moisture.
2. To receive or absorb into the mind and retain; as, to imbibe principles; to imbibe errors.
3. To saturate; to imbue. [Obs.] "Earth, imbibed with . . . acid." Sir I. Newton.
IMBIBER Im*bib"er, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, imbibes.
IMBIBITION Im`bi*bi"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. imbibition.]
Defn: The act or process of imbibing, or absorbing; as, the post- mortem imbibition of poisons. Bacon.
IMBITTER Im*bit"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbittered; p. pr. & vb. n. Imbittering.] Etym: [Pref. im- in + bitter. Cf. Embitter.] [Written also embitter.]
Defn: To make bitter; hence, to make distressing or more distressing; to make sad, morose, sour, or malignant. Is there anything that more imbitters the enjoyment of this life than shame South. Imbittered against each other by former contests. Bancroft.
IMBITTERER Im*bit"ter*er, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, imbitters.
IMBITTERMENT Im*bit"ter*ment, n.
Defn: The act of imbittering; bitter feeling; embitterment.
IMBLAZE Im*blaze", v. t.
Defn: See Emblaze.
IMBLAZON Im*bla"zon, v. t.
Defn: See Emblazon.
IMBODY Im*bod"y, v. i. Etym: [See Embody.]
Defn: To become corporeal; to assume the qualities of a material body. See Embody. The soul grows clotted by contagion, Imbodies, and imbrutes. Milton.
IMBOIL Im*boil", v. t. & i. [Obs.]
Defn: See Emboil.
IMBOLDEN Im*bold"en, v. t.
Defn: See Embolden.
IMBONITY Im*bon"i*ty, n. Etym: [Pref. im- not + L. bonitas goodness.]
Defn: Want of goodness. [Obs.] Burton.
IMBORDER Im*bor"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbordered; p. pr. & vb. n. Imbordering.] Etym: [Pref. im- in + border. Cf. Emborder.]
Defn: To furnish or inclose with a border; to form a border of. Milton.
IMBOSK Im*bosk", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbosked; p. pr. & vb. n. Imbosking.] Etym: [CF. It. imboscare to imbosk, imboscarsi to retire into a wood; pref. im- in + bosco wood. See Boscage, and cf. Ambush.]
Defn: To conceal, as in bushes; to hide. [Obs.] Shelton.
IMBOSK Im*bosk", v. i.
Defn: To be concealed. [R.] Milton.
IMBOSOM Im*bos"om, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbosomed; p. pr. & vb. n. Imbosoming.] Etym: [Pref. im- in + bosom. Cf. Embosom.]
1. To hold in the bosom; to cherish in the heart or affection; to embosom.
2. To inclose or place in the midst of; to surround or shelter; as, a house imbosomed in a grove. "Villages imbosomed soft in trees." Thomson. The Father infinite, By whom in bliss imbosomed sat the Son. Milton.
IMBOSS Im*boss", v. t.
Defn: See Emboss.
IMBOSTURE Im*bos"ture, n. Etym: [See Emboss.]
Defn: Embossed or raised work. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
IMBOUND Im*bound", v. t.
Defn: To inclose in limits; to shut in. [Obs.] Shak.
IMBOW Im*bow", v. t. Etym: [Pref. im- in + bow. Cf. Embow.]
Defn: To make like a bow; to curve; to arch; to vault; to embow. "Imbowed windows." Bacon.
IMBOWEL Im*bow"el, v. t.
Defn: See Embowel.
IMBOWER Im*bow"er, v. t. & i.
Defn: See Embower.
IMBOWMENT Im*bow"ment, n.
Defn: act of imbowing; an arch; a vault. Bacon.
IMBOX Im*box", v. t.
Defn: To inclose in a box.
IMBRACERY Im*bra"cer*y, n.
Defn: Embracery. [Obs.]
IMBRAID Im*braid", v. t. [Obs.]
Defn: See Embraid.
IMBRANGLE Im*bran"gle, v. t.
Defn: To entangle as in a cobweb; to mix confusedly. [R.] Hudibras. Physiology imbrangled with an inapplicable logic. Coleridge.
IMBREED Im*breed", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Inbreed.]
Defn: To generate within; to inbreed. [Obs.] Hakewill.
IMBRICATE; IMBRICATED Im"bri*cate, Im"bri*ca`ted, a. Etym: [L. imbricatus, p.p. of imbricare to cover with tiles, to form like a gutter tile, fr. imbrex, -icis, a hollow tile, gutter tile, fr. imber rain.]
1. Bent and hollowed like a roof or gutter tile.
2. Lying over each other in regular order, so as to "break joints," like tiles or shingles on a roof, the scales on the leaf buds of plants and the cups of some acorns, or the scales of fishes; overlapping each other at the margins, as leaves in æstivation.
3. In decorative art: Having scales lapping one over the other, or a representation of such scales; as, an imbricated surface; an imbricated pattern.
IMBRICATE Im"bri*cate, v. t.
Defn: To lay in order, one lapping over another, so as to form an imbricated surface.
IMBRICATION Im`bri*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. imbrication.]
Defn: An overlapping of the edges, like that of tiles or shingles; hence, intricacy of structure; also, a pattern or decoration representing such a structure.
IMBRICATIVE Im"bri*ca*tive, a. (Bot.)
Defn: Imbricate.
IMBROCADO Im`bro*ca"do, n.; pl. Imbrocadoes. Etym: [See Brocade.]
Defn: Cloth of silver or of gold. [R.]
IMBROCATA; IMBROCCATA Im`bro*ca"ta, Im`broc*ca"ta, n. Etym: [It. imbroccata.]
Defn: A hit or thrust. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
IMBROGLIO Im*brogl"io, n.; pl. Imbroglios. [Written also embroglio.] Etym: [It. See 1st Broil, and cf. Embroil.]
1. An intricate, complicated plot, as of a drama or work of fiction.
2. A complicated and embarrassing state of things; a serious misunderstanding. Wrestling to free itself from the baleful imbroglio. Carlyle.
IMBROWN Im*brown", v. t. Etym: [Pref. im- in + brown. Cf. Embrown.]
Defn: To make brown; to obscure; to darken; to tan; as, features imbrowned by exposure. The mountain mass by scorching skies imbrowned. Byron.
IMBRUE Im*brue", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbureed; p. pr. & vb. n. Imbureing.] Etym: [Cf. OF. embruer, also embruver, embreuver, embrever, to give to drink, soak (see pref. En-, 1, 1st In-, and Breverage), but also OE. enbrewen, enbrowen, to stain, soil (cf. Brewis).]
Defn: To wet or moisten; to soak; to drench, especially in blood. While Darwen stream, will blood of Scots imbrued. Milton.
IMBRUEMENT Im*brue"ment, n.
Defn: The act of imbruing or state of being imbrued.
IMBRUTE Im*brute", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbruted; p. pr. & vb. n. Imbruting.] Etym: [Pref. im- in + brute: cf. F. abrutir. Cf. Embrute.]
Defn: To degrade to the state of a brute; to make brutal. And mixed with bestial slime, This essence to incarnate and imbrute. Milton.
IMBRUTE Im*brute", v. i.
Defn: To sink to the state of a brute. The soul grows clotted by contagion, Imbodies, and imbrutes, till she quite lose The divine property of her first being. Milton.
IMBRUTEMENT Im*brute"ment, n.
Defn: The act of imbruting, or the state of being imbruted. [R.] Brydges.
IMBUE Im*bue", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbued; p. pr. & vb. n. Imbuing.] Etym: [L. imbuere; pref. im- in + perh. a disused simple word akin to L. bibere to drink. Cf. Imbibe.]
1. To tinge deeply; to dye; to cause to absorb; as, clothes thoroughly imbued with black.
2. To tincture deply; to cause to become impressed or penetrated; as, to imbue the minds of youth with good principles. Thy words with grace divine Imbued, bring to their sweetness no satiety. Milton.
IMBUEMENT Im*bue"ment, n.
Defn: The act of imbuing; the state of being imbued; hence, a deep tincture.
IMBURSE Im*burse", v. t. Etym: [Pref. im- in + burse: cf. F. embourser to put into one's purse. See Burse, and Purse.]
Defn: To supply or stock with money. [Obs.]
IMBURSEMENT Im*burse"ment, n.
1. The act of imbursing, or the state of being imbursed. [Obs.]
2. Money laid up in stock. [Obs.]
IMBUTION Im*bu"tion, n.
Defn: An imbuing. [Obs.]
IMESATIN I*mes"a*tin, n. Etym: [Imide + isatin.] (Chem.)
Defn: A dark yellow, crystalline substance, obtained by the action of ammonia on isatin.
IMIDE Im"ide, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A compound with, or derivative of, the imido group; specif., a compound of one or more acid radicals with the imido group, or with a monamine; hence, also, a derivative of ammonia, in which two atoms of hydrogen have been replaced by divalent basic or acid radicals; -- frequently used as a combining form; as, succinimide.
IMIDO Im"i*do, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, containing, or combined with, the radical NH, which is called the imido group. Imido acid, an organic acid, consisting of one or more acid radicals so united with the imido group that it contains replaceable acid hydrogen, and plays the part of an acid; as, uric acid, succinimide, etc., are imido acids.
IMITABILITY Im`it*a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [See Imitable.]
Defn: The quality of being imitable. Norris.
IMITABLE Im"i*ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. imitabilis: cf. F. imitable. See Imitate.]
1. Capble of being imitated or copied. The characters of man placed in lower stations of life are more usefull, as being imitable by great numbers. Atterbury.
2. Worthy of imitation; as, imitable character or qualities. Sir W. Raleigh.
IMITABLENESS Im"i*ta*ble*ness, n.
Defn: The state or quality of being imitable; worthness of imitation.
IMITANCY Im"i*tan*cy, n. Etym: [From L. imitans, p. pr. of imitare.]
Defn: Tendency to imitation. [R.] Carlyle.
IMITATE Im"i*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imitated; p. pr. & vb. n. Imitating.] Etym: [L. imitatus, p. p. of imitari to imitate; of unknown origin. Cf. Image.]
1. To follow as a pattern, model, or example; to copy or strive to copy, in acts, manners etc. Despise wealth and imitate a dog. Cowlay.
2. To produce a semblance or likeness of, in form, character, color, qualities, conduct, manners, and the like; to counterfeit; to copy. A place picked out by choice of best alive The Nature's work by art can imitate. Spenser. This hand appeared a shining sword to weild, And that sustained an imitated shield. Dryden.
3. (Biol.)
Defn: To resemble (another species of animal, or a plant, or inanimate object) in form, color, ornamentation, or instinctive habits, so as to derive an advantage thereby; sa, when a harmless snake imitates a venomous one in color and manner, or when an odorless insect imitates, in color, one having secretion offensive to birds.
IMITATION Im"i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. imitatio: cf. F. imitation.]
1. The act of imitating. Poesy is an art of imitation, . . . that is to say, a representing, counterfeiting, or figuring forth. Sir P. Sidney.
2. That which is made or produced as a copy; that which is made to resemble something else, whether for laudable or for fraudulent purposes; likeness; resemblance. Both these arts are not only true imitations of nature, but of the best nature. Dryden.
3. (Mus.)
Defn: One of the principal means of securing unity and consistency in polyphonic composition; the repetition of essentially the same melodic theme, phrase, or motive, on different degrees of pitch, by one or more of the other parts of voises. Cf. Canon.
4. (Biol.)
Defn: The act of condition of imitating another species of animal, or a plant, or unanimate object. See Imitate, v. t., 3.
Note: Imitation is often used adjectively to characterize things which have a deceptive appearance, simulating the qualities of a superior article; -- opposed to real or genuine; as, imitation lace; imitation bronze; imitation modesty, etc.
IMITATIONAL Im`i*ta"tion*al, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or employed in, imitation; as, imitational propensities.
IMITATIVE Im"i*ta*tive, a. Etym: [L. imitavitus: cf. F. imitatif.]
1. Inclined to imitate, copy, or follow; imitating; exhibiting some of the qualities or characteristics of a pattern or model; dependent on example; not original; as, man is an imitative being; painting is an imitative art.
2. Formed after a model, pattern, or original. This temple, less in form, with equal grace, Was imitative of the first in Thrace. Dryden.
3. (Nat. Hist.)
Defn: Designed to imitate another species of animal, or a plant, or inanimate object, for some useful purpose, such as protection from enemies; having resamblance to something else; as, imitative colors; imitative habits; dendritic and mammillary forms of minerals are imitative. -- Im"i*ta*tive*ly, adv. -- Im"i*ta*tive*ness, n.
IMITATIVE Im"i*ta*tive, n. (Gram.)
Defn: A verb expressive of imitation or resemblance. [R.]
IMITATOR Im"i*ta"tor, n. Etym: [L.]
Defn: One who imitates.
IMITATORSHIP Im"i*ta`tor*ship, n.
Defn: The state or office of an imitator. "Servile imitatorship." Marston.
IMITATRESS Im"i*ta`tress, n.
Defn: A woman who is an imitator.
IMITATRIX Im"i*ta`trix, n.
Defn: An imitatress.
IMMACULATE Im*mac"u*late, a. Etym: [L. immaculatus; pref. im- not + maculatus, p. p. of maculare to spot, stane, fr. macula spot. See Mail armor.]
Defn: Without stain or blemish; spotless; undefiled; clear; pure. Were but my soul as pure From other guilt as that, Heaven did not hold One more immaculate. Denham. Thou sheer, immaculate and silver fountain. Shak. Immaculate conception (R. C. Ch.), the doctrine that the Virgin Mary was conceived without original sin. -- Im*mac"u*late*ly, adv. -- Im*mac"u*late*ness, n.
IMMAILED Im*mailed", a.
Defn: Wearing mail or armor; clad of armor. W. Browne.
IMMALLEABLE Im*mal"le*a*ble, a.
Defn: Not maleable.
IMMANACLE Im*man"a*cle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immanacled; p. pr. & vb. n. Immanacling.]
Defn: To manacle; to fetter; hence; to confine; to restrain from free action. Although this corporal rind Thou hast immanacled. Milton.
IMMANATION Im"ma*na"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. im- in + L. manare to flow; cf. mantio a flowing.]
Defn: A flowing or entering in; -- opposed to emanation. [R.] Good.
IMMANE Im*mane", a. Etym: [L. immanis.]
Defn: Very great; huge; vast; also, monstrous in character; inhuman; atrocious; fierce. [Obs.] "So immane a man." Chapman. -- Im*mane"ly, adv. [Obs.]
IMMANENCE; IMMANENCY Im"ma*nence, Im"ma*nen*cy, n.
Defn: The condition or quality of being immanent; inherence; an indwelling. [Clement] is mainly concerned in enforcing the immanence of God. Christ is everywhere presented by him as Deity indwelling in the world. A. V. G. Allen.
IMMANENT Im"ma*nent, a. Etym: [L. immanens, p. pr. of immanere to remain in or near; pref. im- in + manere to remain: cf. F. immanent.]
Defn: Remaining within; inherent; indwelling; abiding; intrinsic; internal or subjective; hence, limited in activity, agency, or effect, to the subject or associated acts; -- opposed to emanant, transitory, transitive, or objective. A cognition is an immanent act of mind. Sir W. Hamilton. An immanent power in the life of the world. Hare.
IMMANIFEST Im*man"i*fest, a.
Defn: Not manifest. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
IMMANITY Im*man"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. immanitas.]
Defn: The state or quality of being immane; barbarity. [R.] Shak.
IMMANTLE Im*man"tle, v. t.
Defn: See Emmantle. [R.]
IMMANUEL Im*man"u*el, n. Etym: [Heb. 'imman, fr. 'im with + an us + el God.]
Defn: God with us; -- an appellation of the Christ. Is. vii. 14. Matt. i. 23.
IMMARCESCIBLE Im`mar*ces"ci*ble, a. Etym: [L. immarcescibilis; pref. im- not + marcescere to fade: cf. F. immarcescible.]
Defn: Unfading; lasting. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
IMMARCESCIBLY Im`mar*ces"ci*bly, adv.
Defn: Unfadingly. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
IMMARGINATE Im*mar"gin*ate, a. (Bot.)
Defn: Not having a distinctive margin or border. Grey.
IMMARTIAL Im*mar"tial, a.
Defn: Not martial; unwarlike. [Obs.]
IMMASK Im*mask", v. t.
Defn: To cover, as with a mask; to disguise or conceal. [R.] Shak.
IMMATCHABLE Im*match"a*ble, a.
Defn: Matchless; peerless. [Obs.] Holland.
IMMATERIAL Im"ma*te"ri*al, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + material: cf. F. immatériel.]
1. Not consisting of matter; incorporeal; spiritual; disembodied. Angels are spirits immaterial and intellectual. Hooker.
2. Of no substantial consequence; without weight or significance; unimportant; as, it is wholly immaterial whether he does so or not.
Syn. -- Unimportant; inconsequential; insignificant; inconsiderable; trifling.
IMMATERIALISM Im`ma*te"ri*al*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. immatérialisme.]
1. The doctrine that immaterial substances or spiritual being exist, or are possible.
2. (Philos.)
Defn: The doctrine that external bodies may be reduced to mind and ideas in a mind; any doctrine opposed to materialism or phenomenalism, esp. a system that maintains the immateriality of the soul; idealism; esp., Bishop Berkeley's theory of idealism.
IMMATERIALIST Im`ma*te"ri*al*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. immatérialiste.] (Philos.)
Defn: One who believes in or professes, immaterialism.
IMMATERIALITY Im`ma*te`ri*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Immaterialities. Etym: [Cf. F. immatérialité.]
Defn: The state or quality of being immaterial or incorporeal; as, the immateriality of the soul.
IMMATERIALIZE Im`ma*te"ri*al*ize, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. immatérialiser.]
Defn: To render immaterial or incorporeal. Immateralized spirits. Glanvill.
IMMATERIALLY Im`ma*te"ri*al*ly, adv.
1. In an immaterial manner; without matter or corporeal substance.
2. In an unimportant manner or degree.
IMMATERIALNESS Im`ma*te"ri*al*ness, n.
Defn: The state or quality of being immaterial; immateriality.
IMMATERIATE Im`ma*te"ri*ate, a.
Defn: Immaterial. [Obs.] Bacon.
IMMATURE Im`ma*ture", a. Etym: [L. immaturus; pref. im- not + maturus mature, ripe. See Mature.]
1. Not mature; unripe; not arrived at perfection of full development; crude; unfinished; as, immature fruit; immature character; immature plans. "An ill-measured and immature counsel." Bacon.
2. Premature; untimely; too early; as, an immature death. [R.] Jer. Taylor.
IMMATURED Im`ma*tured", a.
Defn: Immature.
IMMATURELY Im`ma*ture"ly, adv.
Defn: In an immature manner. Warburion.
IMMATURENESS Im`ma*ture"ness, n.
Defn: The state or quality of being immature; immaturity. Boyle.
IMMATURITY Im`ma*tu"ri*ty, n. Etym: [L. immaturitas: cf. F. immaturité.]
Defn: The state or quality of being immature or not fully developed; unripeness; incompleteness. When the world has outgrown its intellectual immaturity. Caird.
IMMEABILITY Im`me*a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Pref. im- not + L. meabilis passable, fr. meare to pass.]
Defn: Want of power to pass, or to permit passage; impassableness. Immeability of the juices. Arbuthnot.
IMMEASURABILITY Im*meas`ur*a*bil"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality of being immeasurable; immensurability.
IMMEASURABLE Im*meas"ur*a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + measurable: cf. F. measurable. Cf. Immensurable, Unmeasurable.]
Defn: Incapble of being measured; indefinitely extensive; illimitable; immensurable; vast. Of depth immeasurable. Milton.
IMMEASURABLENESS Im*meas"ur*a*ble*ness, n.
Defn: The state or quality of being immeasurable. Eternity and immeasurableness belong to thought alone. F. W. Robertson.
IMMEASURABLY Im*meas"ur*a*bly, adv.
Defn: In an immeasurable manner or degree. "Immeasurably distant." Wordsworth.
IMMEASURED Im*meas"ured, a.
Defn: Immeasurable. [R.] Spenser.
IMMECHANICAL Im`me*chan"ic*al, a.
Defn: Not mechanical. [Obs.] Cheyne. -- Im"me*chan"ic*al*ly, adv. [Obs.]
IMMEDIACY Im*me"di*a*cy, n.
Defn: The relation of freedom from the interventionof a medium; immediateness. Shak.
IMMEDIATE Im*me"di*ate, a. Etym: [F. immédiat. See In- not, and Mediate.]
1. Not separated in respect to place by anything intervening; proximate; close; as, immediate contact. You are the most immediate to our throne. Shak.
2. Not deferred by an interval of time; present; instant. "Assemble we immediate council." Shak. Death . . . not yet inflicted, as he feared, By some immediate stroke. Milton.
3. Acting with nothing interposed or between, or without the intervention of another object as a cause, means, or agency; acting, perceived, or produced, directly; as, an immediate cause. The immediate knowledge of the past is therefore impossible. Sir. W. Hamilton. Immediate amputation (Surg.), an amputation performed within the first few hours after an injury, and before the the effects of the shock have passed away.
Syn. -- Proximate; close; direct; next.
IMMEDIATELY Im*me"di*ate*ly, adv.
1. In an immediate manner; without intervention of any other person or thing; proximately; directly; -- opposed to mediately; as, immediately contiguous. God's acceptance of it either immediately by himself, or mediately by the hands of the bishop. South.
2. Without interval of time; without delay; promptly; instantly; at once. And Jesus . . . touched him, saying, I will; be thou clean. And immediately his leprosy was cleansed. Matt. viii. 3.
3. As soon as. Cf. Directly,
8, Note.
Syn. -- Directly; instantly; quickly; forthwith; straightway; presently. See Directly.
IMMEDIATENESS Im*me"di*ate*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or relations of being immediate in manner, place, or time; exemption from second or interventing causes. Bp. Hall.
IMMEDIATISM Im*me"di*a*tism, n.
Defn: Immediateness.
IMMEDICABLE Im*med"i*ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. Immedicabilis. See In- not, and Medicable.]
Defn: Not to be healed; incurable. "Wounds immedicable." Milton.
IMMELODIOUS Im`me*lo"di*ous, a.
Defn: Not melodious.
IMMEMORABLE Im*mem"o*ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. immemorabilis; pref. im- not + memorabilis memorable: cf. F. immémorable. See Memorable.]
Defn: Not memorable; not worth remembering. Johnson.
IMMEMORIAL Im`me*mo"ri*al, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + memorial: cf. F. immémorial.]
Defn: Extending beyond the reach of memory, record, or tradition; indefinitely ancient; as, existing from time immemorial. "Immemorial elms." Tennyson. "Immemorial usage or custom." Sir M. Hale. Time immemorial (Eng. Law.), a time antedating (legal) history, and beyond "legal memory" so called; formerly an indefinite time, but in 1276 this time was fixed by statute as the begining of the reign of Richard I. (1189). Proof of unbroken possession or use of any right since that date made it unnecessary to establish the original grant. In 1832 the plan of dating legal memory from a fixed time was abandoned and the principle substituted that rights which had been enjoyed for full twenty years (or as against the crown thirty years) should not be liable to impeachment merely by proving that they had not been enjoyed before.
IMMEMORIALLY Im`me*mo"ri*al*ly, adv.
Defn: Beyond memory. Bentley.
IMMENSE Im*mense", a. Etym: [L. immensus; pref. im- not + mensus, p. p. of metiri to measure: cf. F. immense. See Measure.]
Defn: Immeasurable; unlimited. In commonest use: Very great; vast; huge. "Immense the power" Pope. "Immense and boundless ocean." Daniel. O Goodness infinite! Goodness immense! Milton.
Syn. -- Infinite; immeasurable; illimitable; unbounded; unlimited; interminable; vast; prodigious; enormous; monstrous. See Enormous.
IMMENSELY Im*mense"ly, adv.
Defn: In immense manner or degree.
IMMENSENESS Im*mense"ness, n.
Defn: The state of being immense.
IMMENSIBLE Im*men"si*ble, a. Etym: [Immense + -ible.]
Defn: Immeasurable. [Obs.] Davies.
IMMENSITY Im*men"si*ty, n.; pl. Immensities. Etym: [L. immensitas: cf. F. immensité.]
Defn: The state or quality of being immense; inlimited or immeasurable extension; infinity; vastness in extent or bulk; greatness. Lost in the wilds of vast immensity. Blackmore. The immensity of the material system. I. Taylor.
IMMENSIVE Im*men"sive, a.
Defn: Huge. [Obs.] Herrick.
IMMENSURABILITY Im*men`su*ra*bil"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality of being immensurable.
IMMENSURABLE Im*men"su*ra*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + L. mensurabilis measurable: cf. F. immensurable. Cf. Immeasurable.]
Defn: Immeasurable. What an immensurable space is the firmament. Derham.
IMMENSURATE Im*men"su*rate, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + mensurate.]
Defn: Unmeasured; unlimited. [R.] W. Montagu.
IMMERGE Im*merge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immerged; p. pr. & vb. n. Immerging.] Etym: [L. immergere; pref. im- in + mergere to dip, plunge: cf. F. immerger. See Merge, and cf. Immerse.]
Defn: To plungel into, under, or within anything especially a fuid; to dip; to immerse. See Immerse. We took . . . lukewarm water, and in it immerged a quantity of the leaves of senna. Boyle. Their souls are immerged in matter. Jer. Taylor.
IMMERGE Im*merge", v. i.
Defn: To dissapear by entering into any medium, as a star into the light of the sun. [R.]
IMMERIT Im*mer"it, n.
Defn: Want of worth; demerit. [R.] Suckling.
IMMERITED Im*mer"it*ed, a.
Defn: Unmerited. [Obs.] Charles I.
IMMERITOUS Im*mer"it*ous, a. Etym: [L. immeritus; pref. im- not + meritus, p. p. of merere, mereri, to deserve.]
Defn: Undeserving. [Obs.] Milton.
IMMERSABLE Im*mers"a*ble, a.
Defn: See Immersible.
IMMERSE Im*merse", a. Etym: [L. immersus, p. p. of immergere. See Immerge.]
Defn: Immersed; buried; hid; sunk. [Obs.] "Things immerse in matter." Bacon.
IMMERSE Im*merse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immersed; p. pr. & vb. n. Immersing.]
1. To plunge into anything that surrounds or covers, especially into a fluid; to dip; to sink; to bury; to immerge. Deep immersed beneath its whirling wave. J Warton. More than a mile immersed within the wood. Dryden.
2. To baptize by immersion.
3. To engage deeply; to engross the attention of; to involve; to overhelm. The queen immersed in such a trance. Tennyson. It is impossible to have a lively hope in another life, and yet be deeply immersed inn the enjoyments of this. Atterbury.
IMMERSED Im*mersed", p. p. & a.
1. Deeply plunged into anything, especially a fluid.
2. Deeply occupied; engrossed; entangled.
3. (Bot.)
Defn: Growing wholly under water. Gray.
IMMERSIBLE Im*mers"i*ble, a. Etym: [From Immerse.]
Defn: Capable of being immersed.
IMMERSIBLE Im*mers"i*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + L. mersus, p. p. of mergere to plunge.]
Defn: Not capable of being immersed.
IMMERSION Im*mer"sion, n. Etym: [L. immersio; cf. F. immersion.]
1. The act of immersing, or the state of being immersed; a sinking within a fluid; a dipping; as, the immersion of Achilles in the Styx.
2. Submersion in water for the purpose of Christian baptism, as, practiced by the Baptists.
3. The state of being overhelmed or deeply absorbed; deep engagedness. Too deep an immersion in the affairs of life. Atterbury.
4. (Astron.)
Defn: The dissapearance of a celestail body, by passing either behind another, as in the occultation of a star, or into its shadow, as in the eclipse of a satellite; -- opposed to emersion. Immersion lens, a microscopic objective of short focal distance designed to work with a drop of liquid, as oil, between the front lens and the slide, so that this lens is practically immersed.
IMMERSIONIST Im*mer"sion*ist, n. (Eccl.)
Defn: One who holds the doctrine that immersion is essential to Christian baptism.
IMMESH Im*mesh", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immeshed; p. pr. & vb. n. Immeshing.] Etym: [Pref. im- in + mesh. Cf. Inmesh.]
Defn: To catch or entangle in, or as in, the meshes of a net. or in a web; to insnare.
IMMETHODICAL Im`me*thod"ic*al, a.
Defn: Not methodical; without method or systematic arrangement; without order or regularity; confused. Addison.
Syn. -- Irregular; confused; disoderly; unsystematic; desultory.
IMMETHODICALLY Im`me*thod"ic*al*ly, adv.
Defn: Without method; confusedly; unsystematically.
IMMETHODICALNESS Im`me*thod"ic*al*ness, n.
Defn: Want of method.
IMMETHODIZE Im*meth"od*ize, v. t.
Defn: To render immethodical; to destroy the method of; to confuse. [R.]
IMMETRICAL Im*met"ric*al (, a.
Defn: Not metrical or rhythmical. [R.] Chapman.
IMMEW Im*mew", v. t.
Defn: See Emmew.
IMMIGRANT Im"mi*grant, n. Etym: [L. immigrans, p. pr. of immigrare to go into: cf. F. immigrant. See Immigrate.]
Defn: One who immigrates; one who comes to a country for the purpose of permanent residence; -- correlative of emigrant.
Syn. -- See Emigrant.
IMMIGRATE Im"mi*grate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immigrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Immigrating.] Etym: [L. immigrare, immigratum, to immigrate; pref. im- in + migrare to migrate. See Migrate.]
Defn: To come into a country of which one is not a native, for the purpose of permanent residence. See Emigrate.
IMMIGRATION Im"mi*gra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. immigration.]
Defn: The act of immigrating; the passing or coming into a country for the purpose of permanent residence. The immigrations of the Arabians into Europe. T. Warton.
IMMINENCE Im"mi*nence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. imminence, L. imminentia, See Imminent.]
1. The condition or quality of being imminent; a threatening, as of something about to happen. The imminence of any danger or distress. Fuller.
2. That which is imminent; impending evil or danger. "But dare all imminence." Shak.
IMMINENT Im"mi*nent, a. Etym: [L. imminens, p. pr. of imminere to project; pref. im- in + minere (in comp.) to jut, project. See Eminent.]
1. Threatening to occur immediately; near at hand; impending; -- said especially of misfortune or peril. "In danger imminent." Spenser.
2. Full of danger; threatening; menacing; perilous. Hairbreadth scapes i' the imminent deadly breach. Shak.
3. (With upon) Bent upon; attentive to. [R.] Their eyes ever imminent upon worldly matters. Milton.
Syn. -- Impending; threatening; near; at hand. -- Imminent, Impending, Threatening. Imminent is the strongest: it denotes that something is ready to fall or happen on the instant; as, in imminent danger of one's life. Impending denotes that something hangs suspended over us, and may so remain indefinitely; as, the impending evils of war. Threatening supposes some danger in prospect, but more remote; as, threatening indications for the future. Three times to-day You have defended me from imminent death. Shak. No story I unfold of public woes, Nor bear advices of impending foes. Pope. Fierce faces threatening war. Milton.
IMMINENTLY Im"mi*nent*ly, adv.
Defn: In an imminent manner.
IMMINGLE Im*min"gle, v. t.
Defn: To mingle; to mix; to unite; to blend. [R.] Thomson.
IMMINUTION Im`mi*nu"tion, n. Etym: [L. imminutio, fr. imminuere, imminutum, to lessen; pref. im- in + minuere.]
Defn: A lessening; diminution; decrease. [R.] Ray.
IMMISCIBILITY Im*mis"ci*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. immiscibilité.]
Defn: Incapability of being mixed, or mingled.
IMMISCIBLE Im*mis"ci*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + miscible: cf. F. immiscible.]
Defn: Not capable of being mixed or mingled. A chaos of immiscible and conflicting particles. Cudworth.
IMMISSION Im*mis"sion, n. Etym: [L. immissio: cf. F. immission. See Immit.]
Defn: The act of immitting, or of sending or thrusting in; injection; -- the correlative of emission.
IMMIT Im*mit", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Immiting.] Etym: [L. immittere, immissum; pref. im- in + mittere to send.]
Defn: To send in; to inject; to infuse; -- the correlative of emit. [R.] Boyle.
IMMITIGABLE Im*mit"i*ga*ble, a. Etym: [L. immitigabilis; fr. pref. im- not + mitigare to mitigate.]
Defn: Not capable of being mitigated, softened, or appeased. Coleridge.
IMMITIGABLY Im*mit"i*ga*bly, adv.
Defn: In an immitigable manner.
IMMIX Im*mix", v. t. Etym: [Pref. in- in + mix.]
Defn: To mix; to mingle. [R.] Amongst her tears immixing prayers meek. Spenser.
IMMIXABLE Im*mix"a*ble, a.
Defn: Not mixable. Bp. Wilkins.
IMMIXED Im*mixed", a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + mixed, p. p. of mix.]
Defn: Unmixed. [Obs.] How pure and immixed the design is. Boyle.
IMMIXTURE Im*mix"ture, n.
Defn: Freedom from mixture; purity. [R.] W. Montagu.
IMMOBILE Im*mo"bile, a. Etym: [L. immobilis: cf. F. immobile. See Immobility.]
Defn: Incapable of being moved; immovable; fixed; stable. Prof. Shedd.
IMMOBILITY Im`mo*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. immobilitas, fr. immobilis immovable; pref. im- not + mobilis movable: cf. F. immobilité. See Mobile.]
Defn: The condition or quality of being immobile; fixedness in place or state.
IMMOBILIZE Im*mob"i*lize, v. t. Etym: [Pref. im- in + mobilize; cf. f. immobiliser.]
Defn: To make immovable; in surgery, to make immovable (a naturally mobile part, as a joint) by the use of splints, or stiffened bandages.
IMMOBLE Im*mo"ble, a. [Obs.]
Defn: See Immobile.
IMMODERACY Im*mod"er*a*cy, n. Etym: [From Immoderate.]
Defn: Immoderateness. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
IMMODERANCY Im*mod"er*an*cy, n. Etym: [L. immoderantia.]
Defn: Immoderateness; excess. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
IMMODERATE Im*mod"er*ate, a. Etym: [L. immoderatus; pref. im- not + moderatus moderate. See Moderate.]
Defn: Not moderate; exceeding just or usual and suitable bounds; excessive; extravagant; unreasonable; as, immoderate demands; immoderate grief; immoderate laughter. So every scope by the immoderate use Turns to restraint. Shak.
Syn. -- Excessive; exorbitant; unreasonable; extravagant; intemperate; inordinate.
IMMODERATELY Im*mod"er*ate*ly, adv.
Defn: In an immoderate manner; excessively.
IMMODERATENESS Im*mod"er*ate*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being immoderate; excess; extravagance. Puller.
IMMODERATION Im*mod`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. immoderatio: cf. F. imodération.]
Defn: Want of moderation. Hallywell.
IMMODEST Im*mod"est, a. Etym: [F. immodeste, L. immodestus immoderate; pref. im- not + modestus modest. See Modest.]
1. Not limited to due bounds; immoderate.
2. Not modest; wanting in the reserve or restraint which decorum and decency require; indecent; indelicate; obscene; lewd; as, immodest persons, behavior, words, pictures, etc. Immodest deeds you hinder to be wrought, But we proscribe the least immodest thought. Dryden.
Syn. -- Indecorous; indelicate; shameless; shameful; impudent; indecent; impure; unchaste; lewd; obscene.
IMMODESTLY Im*mod"est*ly, adv.
Defn: In an immodest manner.
IMMODESTY Im*mod"es*ty, n. Etym: [L. immodestia: cf. F. immodestie.]
Defn: Want of modesty, delicacy, or decent reserve; indecency. "A piece of immodesty." Pope.
IMMOLATE Im"mo*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immolated; p. pr. & vb. n. Immolating.] Etym: [L. immolatus, p. p. of immolare to sacrifice, orig., to sprinkle a victim with sacrifical meal; pref. im- in + mola grits or grains of spelt coarsely ground and mixed with salt; also, mill. See Molar, Meal ground grain.]
Defn: To sacrifice; to offer in sacrifice; to kill, as a sacrificial victim. Worshipers, who not only immolate to them [the deities] the lives of men, but . . . the virtue and honor of women. Boyle.
IMMOLATION Im`mo*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. immolatio: cf. F. immolation.]
1. The act of immolating, or the state of being immolated, or sacrificed. Sir. T. Browne.
2. That which is immolated; a sacrifice.
IMMOLATOR Im"mo*la`tor, n. Etym: [L.]
Defn: One who offers in sacrifice; specifically, one of a sect of Russian fanatics who practice self-mutilatio and sacrifice.
IMMOLD; IMMOULD Im*mold", Im*mould", v. t.
Defn: To mold into shape, or form. [Obs.] G. Fletcher.
IMMOMENT Im*mo"ment, a. Etym: [See Immomentous.]
Defn: Trifling. [R.] "Immoment toys." Shak.
IMMOMENTOUS Im`mo*men"tous, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + momentous.]
Defn: Not momentous; unimportant; insignificant. [R.] A. Seward.
IMMORAL Im*mor"al, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + moral: cf. F. immoral.]
Defn: Not moral; inconsistent with rectitude, purity, or good morals; contrary to conscience or the divine law; wicked; unjust; dishonest; vicious; licentious; as, an immoral man; an immoral deed.
Syn. -- Wicked; sinful; criminal; vicious; unjust; dishonest; depraved; impure; unchaste; profligate; dissolute; abandoned; licentious; lewd; obscene.
IMMORALITY Im`mo*ral"i*ty, n.; pl. Immoralities. Etym: [Cf. F. immoralité.]
1. The state or quality of being immoral; vice. The root of all immorality. Sir W. Temple.
2. An immoral act or practice. Luxury and sloth and then a great drove of heresies and immoralities broke loose among them. Milton.
IMMORALLY Im*mor"al*ly, adv.
Defn: In an immoral manner; wickedly.
IMMORIGEROUS Im`mo*rig"er*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + morigerous.]
Defn: Rude; uncivil; disobedient. [Obs.] -- Im`mo*rig"er*ous*ness, n. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
IMMORTAL Im*mor"tal, a. Etym: [L. immortalis; pref. im- not + mortalis mortal: cf. F. immortel. See Mortal, and cf. Immortelle.]
1. Not mortal; exempt from liability to die; undying; imperishable; lasting forever; having unlimited, or eternal, existance. Unto the King eternal, immortal, invisible. 1 Tim. i. 17. For my soul, what can it do to that, Being a thing immortal as itself Shak.
2. Connected with, or pertaining to immortability. I have immortal longings in me. Shak.
3. Destined to live in all ages of this world; abiding; exempt from oblivion; imperishable; as, immortal fame. One of the few, immortal names, That were not born yo die. Halleck.
4. Great; excessive; grievous. [Obs.] Hayward. Immortal flowers, imortelles; everlastings.
Syn. -- Eternal; everlasting; never-ending; ceaseless; perpetual; continual; enduring; endless; imperishable; incorruptible; deathless; undying.
IMMORTAL Im*mor"tal, n.
Defn: One who will never cease to be; one exempt from death, decay, or annihilation. Bunyan.
IMMORTALIST Im*mor"tal*ist, n.
Defn: One who holds the doctrine of the immortality of the soul. [R.] Jer. Taylor.
IMMORTALITY Im`mor*tal"i*ty, n.; pl. Immortalities. Etym: [L. immortalitas: cf. F. immortalité.]
1. The quality or state of being immortal; exemption from death and annihilation; unending existance; as, the immortality of the soul. This mortal must put on immortality. 1 Cor. xv. 53.
2. Exemption from oblivion; perpetuity; as, the immortality of fame.
IMMORTALIZATION Im*mor`tal*i*za"tion, n.
Defn: The act of immortalizing, or state of being immortalized.
IMMORTALIZE Im*mor"tal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immortalized; p. pr. & vb. n. Immortalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. immortaliser.]
1. To render immortal; to cause to live or exist forever. S. Clarke.
2. To exempt from oblivion; to perpetuate in fame. Alexander had no Homer to immortalize his quilty name. T. Dawes.
IMMORTALIZE Im*mor"tal*ize, v. i.
Defn: To become immortal. [R.]
IMMORTALLY Im*mor"tal*ly, adv.
Defn: In an immortal manner.
IMMORTELLE Im`mor*telle", n.; pl. Immortelles. Etym: [F. See Immortal.] (Bot.)
Defn: A plant with a conspicuous, dry, unwithering involucre, as the species of Antennaria, Helichrysum, Gomphrena, etc. See Everlasting.
IMMORTIFICATION Im*mor`ti*fi*ca"tion, n.
Defn: Failure to mortify the passions. [R.] Jer. Taylor.
IMMOVABILITY Im*mov"a*bil"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being immovable; fixedness; steadfastness; as, immovability of a heavy body; immovability of purpose.
IMMOVABLE Im*mov"a*ble, a.
1. Incapable of being moved; firmly fixed; fast; -- used of material things; as, an immovable foundatin. Immovable, infixed, and frozen round. Milton.
2. Steadfast; fixed; unalterable; unchangeable; -- used of the mind or will; as, an immovable purpose, or a man who remain immovable.
3. Not capable of being affected or moved in feeling or by sympathy; unimpressible; impassive. Dryden.
4. (Law.)
Defn: Not liable to be removed; permanent in place or tenure; fixed; as, an immovable estate. See Immovable, n. Blackstone. Immovable apparatus (Med.), an appliance, like the plaster of paris bandage, which keeps fractured parts firmly in place. -- Immovable feasts (Eccl.), feasts which occur on a certain day of the year and do not depend on the date of Easter; as, Christmas, the Epiphany, etc.
IMMOVABLE Im*mov"a*ble, n.
1. That which can not be moved.
2. pl. (Civil Law)
Defn: Lands and things adherent thereto by nature, as trees; by the hand of man, as buildings and their accessories; by their destination, as seeds, plants, manure, etc.; or by the objects to which they are applied, as servitudes. Ayliffe. Bouvier.
IMMOVABLENESS Im*mov"a*ble*ness, n.
Defn: Quality of being immovable.
IMMOVABLY Im*mov"a*bly, adv.
Defn: In an immovable manner.
IMMUND Im*mund", a. Etym: [L.immundus; pref. im- not + mundus clean.]
Defn: Unclean. [R.] Burton.
IMMUNDICITY Im`mun*dic"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. immondicité, L. immunditia, immundities.]
Defn: Uncleanness; filthness. [R.] W. Montagu.
IMMUNE Im*mune", a. Etym: [L. immunis. See Immunity.]
Defn: Exempt; protected by inoculation. -- Im*mu"nize, v. t.
IMMUNITY Im*mu"ni*ty, n.; pl. Immunities. Etym: [L. immunitas, fr. immunis free from a public service; pref. im- not + munis complaisant, obliging, cf. munus service, duty: cf. F. immunité. See Common, and cf. Mean, a.]
1. Freedom or exemption from any charge, duty, obligation, office, tax, imposition, penalty, or service; a particular privilege; as, the immunities of the free cities of Germany; the immunities of the clergy.
2. Freedom; exemption; as, immunity from error.
IMMURE Im*mure", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immured; p. pr. & vb. n. Immuring.] Etym: [Pref. im- in + mure: cf. F. emmurer.]
1. To wall around; to surround with walls. [Obs.] Sandys.
2. To inclose whithin walls, or as within walls; hence, to shut up; to imprison; to incarcerate. Those tender babes Whom envy hath immured within your walls. Shak. This huge convex of fire, Outrageous to devour, immures us round. Milton.
IMMURE Im*mure", n.
Defn: A wall; an inclosure. [Obs.] Shak.
IMMUREMENT Im*mure"ment, n.
Defn: The act iif immuring, or the state of being immured; imprsonment.
IMMUSICAL Im*mu"sic*al, a.
Defn: Inharmonious; unmusical; discordant. Bacon.
IMMUTABILITY Im*mu`ta*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. immutabilitas: cf. F. immutabilité.]
Defn: The state or quality of being immutable; immutableness. Heb. vi. 17.
IMMUTABLE Im*mu"ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. immutabilis; pref. im- not + mutabilis mutable. See Mutable.]
Defn: Not mutable; not capable or susceptible of change; unchangeable; unalterable. That by two immutable things, in which it was impossible for God to lie, we might have a strong consolation. Heb. vi. 18. Immutable, immortal, infinite, Eternal King. Milton. -- Im*mu"ta*ble*ness, n. -- Im*mu"ta*bly, adv.
IMMUTATE Im*mu"tate, a. Etym: [L. immutatus, p. p. of immature.]
Defn: Unchanged. [Obs.]
IMMUTATION Im"mu*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. immutatio, from immutare, immutatum, to change. See Immute.]
Defn: Change; alteration; mutation. [R.] Dr. H. More.
IMMUTE Im*mute", v. t. Etym: [L. immutare, immutatum; perf. im- in + mutare to change : cf. OF. immuter.]
Defn: To change or alter. [Obs.] J. Salkeld.
IMP Imp, n. Etym: [OE. imp a graft, AS. impa; akin to Dan. ympe, Sw. ymp, prob. fr. LL. impotus, Gr. be. See 1st In-, Be.]
1. A shoot; a scion; a bud; a slip; a graft. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. An offspring; progeny; child; scion. [Obs.] The tender imp was weaned. Fairfax.
3. A young or inferior devil; a little, malignant spirit; a puny demon; a contemptible evil worker. To mingle in the clamorous fray Of squabbling imps. Beattie.
4. Something added to, or united with, another, to lengthen it out or repair it, -- as, an addition to a beehive; a feather inserted in a broken wing of a bird; a length of twisted hair in a fishing line. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
IMP Imp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imped; p. pr. & vb. n. Imping.] Etym: [AS. impian to imp, ingraft, plant; akin to Dan. ympe, Sw. ympa, OHG. impfon, impiton, G. impfen. See Imp, n.]
1. To graft; to insert as a scion. [Obs.] Rom. of R.
2. (Falconry)
Defn: To graft with new feathers, as a wing; to splice a broken feather. Hence, Fig.: To repair; to extend; to increase; to strengthen to equip. [Archaic] Imp out our drooping country's broken wing. Shak. Who lazily imp their wings with other men's plumes. Fuller. Here no frail Muse shall imp her crippled wing. Holmes. Help, ye tart satirists, to imp my rage With all the scorpions that should whip this age. Cleveland.
IMPACABLE Im*pa"ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. pref. im- not + pacare to quiet. See Pacate.]
Defn: Not to be appeased or quieted. [Obs.] Spenser. -- Im*pa"ca*bly, adv.
IMPACKMENT Im*pack"ment, n. Etym: [Pref. im- in + pack.]
Defn: The state of being closely surrounded, crowded, or pressed, as by ice. [R.] Kane.
IMPACT Im*pact", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impacted; p. pr. & vb. n. Impacting.] Etym: [L. impactus, p. p. of impingere to push, strike against. See Impinge.]
Defn: To drive close; to press firmly together: to wedge into a place. Woodward.
IMPACT Im"pact, n.
1. Contact or impression by touch; collision; forcible contact; force communicated. The quarrel, by that impact driven. Southey.
2. (Mech.)
Defn: The single instantaneous stroke of a body in motion against another either in motion or at rest.
IMPACTED Im*pact"ed, a.
Defn: Driven together or close. Impacted fracture (Surg.), a fracture in which the fragments are driven into each other so as to be immovable.
IMPACTION Im*pac"tion, n. Etym: [L. impactio a striking : cf. F. impaction.]
1. (Surg.)
Defn: The driving of one fragment of bone into another so that the fragments are not movable upon each other; as, impaction of the skull or of the hip.
2. An immovable packing; (Med.), a lodgment of something in a strait or passage of the body; as, impaction of the fetal head in the strait of the pelvis; impaction of food or feces in the intestines of man or beast.
IMPAINT Im*paint", v. t.
Defn: To paint; to adorn with colors. [R.] "To impaint his cause." Shak.
IMPAIR Im*pair", v. t. [imp & p. p. Impaired; p. pr. & vb. n. Impairing.] [Written also empair.] Etym: [OE. empeiren, enpeiren, OF. empeirier, empirier, F. empirer, LL. impejorare; L. pref. im- in + pejorare to make worse, fr. pejor worse. Cf. Appair.]
Defn: To make worse; to diminish in quantity, value, excellence, or strength; to deteriorate; as, to impair health, character, the mind, value. Time sensibly all things impairs. Roscommon. In years he seemed, but not impaired by years. Pope.
Syn. -- To diminish; decrease; injure; weaken; enfeeble; debilitate; reduce; debase; deteriorate.
IMPAIR Im*pair", v. t.
Defn: To grow worse; to deteriorate. Milton.
IMPAIR Im"pair, a. Etym: [F. impair uneven, L. impar; im- not + par equal.]
Defn: Not fit or appropriate. [Obs.]
IMPAIR Im*pair", n.
Defn: Diminution; injury. [Obs.]
IMPAIRER Im*pair"er, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, impairs.
IMPAIRMENT Im*pair"ment, n. Etym: [OE. enpeirement, OF. empirement.]
Defn: The state of being impaired; injury. "The impairment of my health." Dryden.
IMPALATABLE Im*pal"a*ta*ble, a.
Defn: Unpalatable. [R.]
IMPALE Im*pale", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impaled; p. pr. & vb. n. Impaling.] Etym: [See 2d Empale.]
1. To pierce with a pale; to put to death by fixing on a sharp stake. See Empale. Then with what life remains, impaled, and left To writhe at leisure round the bloody stake. Addison.
2. To inclose, as with pales or stakes; to surround. Impale him with your weapons round about. Shak. Impenetrable, impaled with circling fire. Milton.
3. (Her.)
Defn: To join, as two coats of arms on one shield, palewise; hence, to join in honorable mention. Ordered the admission of St. Patrick to the same to be matched and impaled with the blessed Virgin in the honor thereof. Fuller.
IMPALEMENT Im*pale"ment, n.
1. The act of impaling, or the state of being impaled. Byron.
2. An inclosing by stakes or pales, or the space so inclosed. H. Brooke.
3. That which hedges in; inclosure. [R.] Milton.
4. (Her.)
Defn: The division of a shield palewise, or by a vertical line, esp. for the purpose of putting side by side the arms of husband and wife. See Impale, 3.
IMPALLA Im*pal"la, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The pallah deer of South Africa.
IMPALLID Im*pal"lid, v. t.
Defn: To make pallid; to blanch. [Obs.] Feltham.
IMPALM Im*palm", v. t.
Defn: To grasp with or hold in the hand. [R.] J. Barlow.
IMPALPABILITY Im*pal`pa*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. impalpabilité.]
Defn: The quality of being impalpable. Jortin.
IMPALPABLE Im*pal"pa*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + palpable: cf. F. impalpable.]
1. Not palpable; that cannot be felt; extremely fine, so that no grit can be perceived by touch. "Impalpable powder." Boyle.
2. Not material; intangible; incorporeal. "Impalpable, void, and bodiless." Holland.
3. Not apprehensible, or readily apprehensible, by the mind; unreal; as, impalpable distinctions.
IMPALPABLY Im*pal"pa*bly, adv.
Defn: In an impalpable manner.
IMPALSY Im*pal"sy, v. t.
Defn: To palsy; to paralyze; to deaden. [R.]
IMPANATE Im*pa"nate, a. Etym: [LL. impanatus, p. p. of impanare to impanate; L. pref. im- in + panis bread.]
Defn: Embodied in bread, esp. in the bread of the eucharist. [Obs.] Cranmer.
IMPANATE Im*pa"nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impanated; p. pr. & vb. n. Impanating.]
Defn: To embody in bread, esp. in the bread of the eucharist. [Obs.]
IMPANATION Im"pa*na"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. impanation. See Impanate, a.] (Eccl.)
Defn: Embodiment in bread; the supposed real presence and union of Christ's material body and blood with the substance of the elements of the eucharist without a change in their nature; -- distinguished from transubstantiation, which supposes a miraculous change of the substance of the elements. It is akin to consubstantiation.
IMPANATOR Im*pa"na*tor, n. Etym: [LL.] (Eccl.)
Defn: One who holds the doctrine of impanation.
IMPANEL Im*pan"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impaneled or Impanelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Impaneling or Impanelling.] Etym: [Pref. im- in + panel. Cf. Empanel.] [Written also empanel.]
Defn: To enter in a list, or on a piece of parchment, called a panel; to form or enroll, as a list of jurors in a court of justice. Blackstone.
IMPANELMENT Im*pan"el*ment, n.
Defn: The act or process of impaneling, or the state of being impaneled.
IMPARADISE Im*par"a*dise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imparadised; p. pr. & vb. n. Imparadising.] Etym: [Pref. im- + paradise: cf. F. emparadiser.]
Defn: To put in a state like paradise; to make supremely happy. "Imparadised in one another's arms." Milton.
IMPARALLELED Im*par"al*leled, a.
Defn: Unparalleled. [Obs.]
IMPARDONABLE Im*par"don*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. impardonnable.]
Defn: Unpardonable. [Obs.] South.
IMPARIDIGITATE Im*par`i*dig"i*tate, a. Etym: [L. impar unequal + digitus finger.] (Anat.)
Defn: Having an odd number of fingers or toes, either one, three, or five, as in the horse, tapir, rhinoceros, etc.
IMPARIPINNATE Im*par"i*pin"nate, a. Etym: [L. impar unequal + E. pinnate.] (Bot.)
Defn: Pinnate with a single terminal leaflet.
IMPARISYLLABIC Im*par"i*syl*lab"ic, a. Etym: [L. impar unequal + E. syllabic: cf. F. imparisyllabique.] (Gram.)
Defn: Not consisting of an equal number of syllables; as, an imparisyllabic noun, one which has not the same number of syllables in all the cases; as, lapis, lapidis; mens, mentis.
IMPARITY Im*par"i*ty, n. Etym: [Pref. im- + parity: cf. F. imparité.]
1. Inequality; disparity; disproportion; difference of degree, rank, excellence, number, etc. Milton.
2. Lack of comparison, correspondence, or suitableness; incongruity. In this region of merely intellectual notion we are at once encountered by the imparity of the object and the faculty employed upon it. I. Taylor.
3. Indivisibility into equal parts; oddness. [R.]
IMPARK Im*park", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imparked, p. pr. & vb. n. Imparking.] Etym: [Cf. Empark.]
Defn: To inclose for a park; to sever from a common; hence, to inclose or shut up. They . . . impark them [the sheep] within hurdles. Holland.
IMPARL Im*parl", v. i. Etym: [OF. emparler; pref. em- (L. in) + parler to speak. See In, prep., and Parley.]
1. To hold discourse; to parley. [Obs.] Sir. T. North.
2. (Law)
Defn: To have time before pleading; to have delay for mutual adjustment. Blackstone.
IMPARLANCE Im*par"lance, n. Etym: [Cf. Emparlance, Parlance.] [Written also inparliance.]
1. Mutual discourse; conference. [Obs.]
2. (Law) (a) Time given to a party to talk or converse with his opponent, originally with the object of effecting, if possible, an amicable adjustment of the suit. The actual object, however, has long been merely to obtain further time to plead, answer to the allegations of the opposite party. (b) Hence, the delay or continuance of a suit.
Note: Imparlance and continuance by imparlance have been abolished in England. Wharton (Law Dict. ).
IMPARSONEE Im*par`son*ee", a. Etym: [OF. empersone. See 1st In-, and Parson.] (Eng. Eccl. Law)
Defn: Presented, instituted, and inducted into a rectory, and in full possession. -- n.
Defn: A clergyman so inducted.
IMPART Im*part", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imparted; p. pr. & vb. n. Imparting.] Etym: [OF. impartir, empartir, L. impartire, impertire; pref. im- in + partire to part, divide, fr. pars, partis, part, share. See Part, n. ]
1. To bestow a share or portion of; to give, grant, or communicate; to allow another to partake in; as, to impart food to the poor; the sun imparts warmth. Well may he then to you his cares impart. Dryden.
2. To obtain a share of; to partake of. [R.] Munday.
3. To communicate the knowledge of; to make known; to show by words or tokens; to tell; to disclose. Gentle lady, When I did first impart my love to you. Shak.
Syn. -- To share; yield; confer; convey; grant; give; reveal; disclose; discover; divulge. See Communicate.
IMPART Im*part", v. i.
1. To give a part or share. He that hath two coats, let him impart to him that hath none. Luke iii. 11.
2. To hold a conference or consultation. Blackstone.
IMPARTANCE Im*part"ance, n.
Defn: Impartation.
IMPARTATION Im`par*ta"tion, n.
Defn: The act of imparting, or the thing imparted. The necessity of this impartation. I. Taylor.
IMPARTER Im*part"er, n.
Defn: One who imparts.
IMPARTIAL Im*par"tial, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + partial: cf. F. impartial.]
Defn: Not partial; not favoring one more than another; treating all alike; unprejudiced; unbiased; disinterested; equitable; fair; just. Shak. Jove is impartial, and to both the same. Dryden. A comprehensive and impartial view. Macaulay.
IMPARTIALIST Im*par"tial*ist, n.
Defn: One who is impartial. [R.] Boyle.
IMPARTIALITY Im*par`ti*al"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. impartialité.]
Defn: The quality of being impartial; freedom from bias or favoritism; disinterestedness; equitableness; fairness; as, impartiality of judgment, of treatment, etc. Impartiality strips the mind of prejudice and passion. South.
IMPARTIALLY Im*par"tial*ly, a.
Defn: In an impartial manner.
IMPARTIALNESS Im*par"tial*ness, n.
Defn: Impartiality. Sir W. Temple.
IMPARTIBILITY Im*part`i*bil"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality of being impartible; communicability. Blackstone.
IMPARTIBILITY Im*part`i*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. impartibilité.]
Defn: The quality of being incapable of division into parts; indivisibility. Holland.
IMPARTIBLE Im*part"i*ble, a. Etym: [From Impart.]
Defn: Capable of being imparted or communicated.
IMPARTIBLE Im*part"i*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + partible: cf. F. impartible.]
Defn: Not partible; not subject to partition; indivisible; as, an impartible estate. Blackatone.
IMPARTMENT Im*part"ment, n.
Defn: The act of imparting, or that which is imparted, communicated, or disclosed. [R.] It beckons you to go away with it, As if it some impartment did desire To you alone. Shak.
IMPASSABLE Im*pass"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. Unpassable.]
Defn: Incapable of being passed; not admitting a passage; as, an impassable road, mountain, or gulf. Milton. -- Im*pass"a*ble*ness, n. -- Im*pass"a*bly, adv.
IMPASSE Im`passe" (aN`päs"; E. im*pas"), n. [F.]
Defn: An impassable road or way; a blind alley; cul-de-sac; fig., a position or predicament affording no escape.
The issue from the present impasse will, in all probability, proceed from below, not from above. Arnold White.
IMPASSIBILITY Im*pas`si*bil"i*ty, a. Etym: [L. impassibilitas: cf. F. impassibilité.]
Defn: The quality or condition of being impassible; insusceptibility of injury from external things.
IMPASSIBLE Im*pas"si*ble, a. Etym: [L. impassibilis; pref. im- not + passibilis passable: cf. F. impassible. See Passible.]
Defn: Incapable of suffering; inaccessible to harm or pain; not to be touched or moved to passion or sympathy; unfeeling, or not showing feeling; without sensation. "Impassible to the critic." Sir W. Scott. Secure of death, I should contemn thy dart Though naked, and impassible depart. Dryden.
IMPASSIBLENESS Im*pas"si*ble*ness, n.
Defn: Impassibility.
IMPASSION Im*pas"sion, v. t. Etym: [Pref. im- in + passion. Cf. Empassion, Impassionate, v.]
Defn: To move or affect strongly with passion. [Archaic] Chapman.
IMPASSIONABLE Im*pas"sion*a*ble, a.
Defn: Excitable; susceptible of strong emotion.
IMPASSIONATE Im*pas"sion*ate, a.
Defn: Strongly affected. Smart.
IMPASSIONATE Im*pas"sion*ate, v. t.
Defn: To affect powerfully; to arouse the passions of. Dr. H. More.
IMPASSIONATE Im*pas"sion*ate, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + passionate.]
Defn: Without passion or feeling. Burton.
IMPASSIONED Im*pas"sioned, p. p. & a.
Defn: Actuated or characterized by passion or zeal; showing warmth of feeling; ardent; animated; excited; as, an impassioned orator or discourse.
IMPASSIVE Im*pas"sive, a.
Defn: Not susceptible of pain or suffering; apathetic; impassible; unmoved. Impassive as the marble in the quarry. De Quincey. On the impassive ice the lightings play. Pope. -- Im*pas"sive*ly, adv. -- Im*pas"sive*ness, n.
IMPASSIVITY Im`pas*siv"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality of being insusceptible of feeling, pain, or suffering; impassiveness.
IMPASTATION Im`pas*ta"tion, n. Etym: [F. See Impaste.]
Defn: The act of making into paste; that which is formed into a paste or mixture; specifically, a combination of different substances by means of cements.
IMPASTE Im*paste", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Impasting.] Etym: [Pref. im- in + paste: cf. It. impastare, OF. empaster, F. empâter. See 1st In- and Paste.]
1. To knead; to make into paste; to concrete. "Blood . . . baked and impasted." Shak.
2. (Paint.)
Defn: To lay color on canvas by uniting them skillfully together. [R.] Cf. Impasto.
IMPASTING Im*past"ing, (Paint.)
Defn: The laying on of colors to produce impasto.
IMPASTO Im*pas"to, n. Etym: [It. See Impaste.] (Paint.)
Defn: The thickness of the layer or body of pigment applied by the painter to his canvas with especial reference to the juxtaposition of different colors and tints in forming a harmonious whole. Fairholt.
IMPASTURE Im*pas"ture, v. t.
Defn: To place in a pasture; to foster. [R.] T. Adams.
IMPATIBLE Im*pat"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. impatibilis; pref. im- not + patibilis supportable. See Patible.]
1. Not capable of being borne; impassible. A spirit, and so impatible of material fire. Fuller.
IMPATIENCE Im*pa"tience n. Etym: [OE. impacience, F. impatience, fr. L. impatientia.]
Defn: The quality of being impatient; want of endurance of pain, suffering, opposition, or delay; eagerness for change, or for something expected; restlessness; chafing of spirit; fretfulness; passion; as, the impatience of a child or an invalid. I then, . . . Out of my grief and my impatience, Answered neglectingly. Shak. With huge impatience he inly swelt More for great sorrow that he could not pass, Than for the burning torment which he felt. Spenser.
IMPATIENCY Im*pa"tien*cy, n.
Defn: Impatience. [Obs.]
IMPATIENS Im*pa"ti*ens, n. Etym: [L., impatient.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of plants, several species of which have very beautiful flowers; -- so called because the elastic capsules burst when touched, and scatter the seeds with considerable force. Called also touch-me-not, jewelweed, and snapweed. I. Balsamina (sometimes called lady's slipper) is the common garden balsam.
IMPATIENT Im*pa"tient, a. Etym: [OE. impacient, F. impatient, fr. L. impatiens; pref. im- not + patiens patient. See Patient.]
1. Not patient; not bearing with composure; intolerant; uneasy; fretful; restless, because of pain, delay, or opposition; eager for change, or for something expected; hasty; passionate; -- often followed by at, for, of, and under. A violent, sudden, and impatient necessity. Jer. Taylor. Fame, impatient of extremes, decays Not more by envy than excess of praise. Pope. The impatient man will not give himself time to be informed of the matter that lies before him. Addison. Dryden was poor and impatient of poverty. Macaulay.
2. Not to be borne; unendurable. [Obs.] Spenser.
3. Prompted by, or exhibiting, impatience; as, impatient speeches or replies. Shak.
Syn. -- Restless; uneasy; changeable; hot; eager; fretful; intolerant; passionate.
IMPATIENT Im*pa"tient, n.
Defn: One who is impatient. [R.]
IMPATIENTLY Im*pa"tient*ly, adv.
Defn: In an impatient manner.
IMPATRONIZATION Im*pat`ron*i*za"tion, n.
Defn: Absolute seignory or possession; the act of investing with such possession. [R.] Cotgrave.
IMPATRONIZE Im*pat"ron*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impatronized; p. pr. & vb. n. Impatronizing.]
Defn: To make lord or master; as, to impatronize one's self of a seigniory. [R.] Bacon.
IMPAVE Im*pave", v. t.
Defn: To pave. [Poetic] Impaved with rude fidelity Of art mosaic. Wordsworth.
IMPAVID Im*pav"id, a. Etym: [L. impavidus. See In- not, and Pavid.]
Defn: Fearless. -- Im*pav"id*ly, adv.
IMPAWN Im*pawn", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impawned; p. pr. & vb. n. Impawning.] Etym: [Pref. im- + pawn: cf. Empawn.]
Defn: To put in pawn; to pledge. Shak.
IMPEACH Im*peach", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impeached; p. pr. & vb. n. Impeaching.] Etym: [OE. empeechier to prevent, hinder, bar, F. empêcher, L. impedicare to entangle; pref. im- in + pedica fetter, fr. pes, pedis, foot. See Foot, and Appeach, Dispatch, Impede.]
1. To hinder; to impede; to prevent. [Obs.] These ungracious practices of his sons did impeach his journey to the Holy Land. Sir J. Davies. A defluxion on my throat impeached my utterance. Howell.
2. To charge with a crime or misdemeanor; to accuse; especially to charge (a public officer), before a competent tribunal, with misbehavior in office; to cite before a tribunal for judgement of official misconduct; to arraign; as, to impeach a judge. See Impeachment.
3. Hence, to charge with impropriety; to dishonor; to bring discredit on; to call in question; as, to impeach one's motives or conduct. And doth impeach the freedom of the state. Shak.
4. (Law)
Defn: To challenge or discredit the credibility of, as of a witness, or the validity of, as of commercial paper.
Note: When used in law with reference to a witness, the term signifies, to discredit, to show or prove unreliable or unworthy of belief; when used in reference to the credit of witness, the term denotes, to impair, to lessen, to disparage, to destroy. The credit of a witness may be impeached by showing that he has made statements out of court contradictory to what he swears at the trial, or by showing that his reputation for veracity is bad, etc.
Syn. -- To accuse; arraign; censure; criminate; indict; impair; disparage; discredit. See Accuse.
IMPEACH Im*peach", n.
Defn: Hindrance; impeachment. [Obs.]
IMPEACHABLE Im*peach"a*ble, a.
Defn: That may be impeached; liable to impeachment; chargeable with a crime. Owners of lands in fee simple are not impeachable for waste. Z. Swift.
IMPEACHER Im*peach"er, n.
Defn: One who impeaches.
IMPEACHMENT Im*peach"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. empêchement.]
Defn: The act of impeaching, or the state of being impeached; as: (a) Hindrance; impediment; obstruction. [Obs.] Willing to march on to Calais, Without impeachment. Shak.
(b) A calling to account; arraignment; especially, of a public officer for maladministration. The consequence of Coriolanus' impeachment had like to have been fatal to their state. Swift.
(c) A calling in question as to purity of motives, rectitude of conduct, credibility, etc.; accusation; reproach; as, an impeachment of motives. Shak.
Note: In England, it is the privilege or right of the House of Commons to impeach, and the right of the House of Lords to try and determine impeachments. In the United States, it is the right of the House of Representatives to impeach, and of the Senate to try and determine impeachments. Articles of impeachment. See under Article. -- Impeachment of waste (Law), restraint from, or accountability for, injury; also, a suit for damages for injury. Abbott.
IMPEARL Im*pearl", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impearled; p. pr. & vb. n. Impearling.] Etym: [Pref. im- in + pearl: cf. F. emperler.]
1. To form into pearls, or into that which resembles pearls. [Poetic] Dewdrops which the sun Impearls on every leaf and every flower. Milton.
2. To decorate as with pearls or with anything resembling pearls. [Poetic] With morning dews impearled. Mrs. Browning. The dews of the morning impearl every thorn. R. Digby.
IMPECCABILITY Im*pec`ca*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. impeccabilité.]
Defn: the quality of being impeccable; exemption from sin, error, or offense. Infallibility and impeccability are two of his attributes. Pope.
IMPECCABLE Im*pec"ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. impeccabilis; pref. im- not + peccare to err, to sin: cf. F. impeccable.]
Defn: Not liable to sin; exempt from the possibility of doing wrong. -- n.
Defn: One who is impeccable; esp., one of a sect of Gnostic heretics who asserted their sinlessness. God is infallible, impeccable, and absolutely perfect. P. Skelton.
IMPECCANCY Im*pec"can*cy, n.
Defn: Sinlessness. Bp. Hall.
IMPECCANT Im*pec"cant, a.
Defn: Sinless; impeccable. Byron.
IMPECUNIOSITY Im`pe*cu`ni*os"i*ty, n.
Defn: The state of being impecunious. Thackeray. Sir W. Scott.
IMPECUNIOUS Im"pe*cu"ni*ous, a. Etym: [L. im- not + pecunia money: cf. F. impécunieux.]
Defn: Not having money; habitually without money; poor. An impecunious creature. B. Jonson.
IMPEDANCE Im*ped"ance, n. [Impede + -ance.] (Elec.)
Defn: The apparent resistance in an electric circuit to the flow of an alternating current, analogous to the actual electrical resistance to a direct current, being the ratio of electromotive force to the current. It is equal to R2 + X2, where R = ohmic resistance, X = reactance. For an inductive circuit, X = 2pfL, where f = frequency and L = self-inductance; for a circuit with capacity X = 1 ÷ 2pfC, where C = capacity.
IMPEDE Im*pede", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impeded; p. pr. & vb. n. Impeding.] Etym: [L. impedire, lit., to entangle the feet; pref. im- in + pes, pedis, foot. See Foot, and cf. Impeach.]
Defn: To hinder; to stop in progress; to obstruct; as, to impede the advance of troops. Whatever hinders or impedes The action of the nobler will. Logfellow.
IMPEDIBLE Im*ped"i*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being impeded or hindered. [R.] Jer. Taylor.
IMPEDIMENT Im*ped"i*ment, n. Etym: [L. impedimentum: cf. F. impediment.]
Defn: That which impedes or hinders progress, motion, activity, or effect. Thus far into the bowels of the land Have we marched on without impediment. Shak. Impediment in speech, a defect which prevents distinct utterance.