Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (part 3 of 60)

Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (part 3 of 60)

ANDROTOMOUS An*drot"o*mous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the filaments of the stamens divided into two parts.

ANDROTOMY An*drot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. Anatomy.]

Defn: Dissection of the human body, as distinguished from zoötomy; anthropotomy. [R.]

ANDROUS *an"drous. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A terminal combining form: Having a stamen or stamens; staminate; as, monandrous, with one stamen; polyandrous, with many stamens.

ANEAR A*near", prep. & adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + near.]

Defn: Near. [R.] "It did not come anear." Coleridge. The measure of misery anear us. I. Taylor.

ANEAR A*near", v. t. & i.

Defn: To near; to approach. [Archaic]

ANEATH A*neath", prep. & adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + neath for beneath.]

Defn: Beneath. [Scot.]

ANECDOTAGE An"ec*do`tage, n.

Defn: Anecdotes collectively; a collection of anecdotes. All history, therefore, being built partly, and some of it altogether, upon anecdotage, must be a tissue of lies. De Quincey.

ANECDOTAL An"ec*do`tal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or abounding with, anecdotes; as, anecdotal conversation.

ANECDOTE An"ec*dote, n. Etym: [F. anecdote, fr. Gr. Dose, n.]

1. pl.

Defn: Unpublished narratives. Burke.

2. A particular or detached incident or fact of an interesting nature; a biographical incident or fragment; a single passage of private life.

ANECDOTIC; ANECDOTICAL An`ec*dot"ic, An`ec*dot"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, consisting of, or addicted to, anecdotes. "Anecdotical traditions." Bolingbroke.

ANECDOTIST An"ec*do"tist, n.

Defn: One who relates or collects anecdotes.

ANELACE An"e*lace, n.

Defn: Same as Anlace.

ANELE A*nele", v. t. Etym: [OE. anelien; an on + AS. ele oil, L. oleum. See Oil, Anoil.]

1. To anoint. Shipley.

2. To give extreme unction to. [Obs.] R. of Brunne.

ANELECTRIC An`e*lec"tric, a. Etym: [Gr. electric.] (Physics)

Defn: Not becoming electrified by friction; -- opposed to idioelectric. -- n.

Defn: A substance incapable of being electrified by friction. Faraday.

ANELECTRODE An`e*lec"trode, n. Etym: [Gr. electrode.] (Elec.)

Defn: The positive pole of a voltaic battery.

ANELECTROTONUS An`e*lec*trot"o*nus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. electrotonus.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The condition of decreased irritability of a nerve in the region of the positive electrode or anode on the passage of a current of electricity through it. Foster.

ANEMOGRAM A*nem"o*gram, n. Etym: [Gr. -gram.]

Defn: A record made by an anemograph.

ANEMOGRAPH A*nem"o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring and recording the direction and force of the wind. Knight.

ANEMOGRAPHIC A*nem`o*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Produced by an anemograph; of or pertaining to anemography.

ANEMOGRAPHY An`e*mog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

1. A description of the winds.

2. The art of recording the direction and force of the wind, as by means of an anemograph.

ANEMOLOGY An`e*mol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science of the wind.

ANEMOMETER An`e*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the force or velocity of the wind; a wind gauge.

ANEMOMETRIC; ANEMOMETRICAL An`e*mo*met"ric, An`e*mo*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to anemometry.

ANEMOMETROGRAPH An`e*mo*met"ro*graph, n. Etym: [Anemometer + -graph.]

Defn: An anemograph. Knight.

ANEMOMETRY An`e*mom"e*try, n.

Defn: The act or process of ascertaining the force or velocity of the wind.

ANEMONE A*nem"o*ne, n. Etym: [L. anemone, Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants of the Ranunculus or Crowfoot family; windflower. Some of the species are cultivated in gardens.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sea anemone. See Actinia, and Sea anemone.

Note: This word is sometimes pronounced , especially by classical scholars.

ANEMONIC An`e*mon"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: An acrid, poisonous, crystallizable substance, obtained from, the anemone, or from anemonin.

ANEMONIN A*nem"o*nin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An acrid, poisonous, crystallizable substance, obtained from some species of anemone.

ANEMONY A*nem"o*ny, n.

Defn: See Anemone. Sandys.

ANEMORPHILOUS An`e*morph"i*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Fertilized by the agency of the wind; -- said of plants in which the pollen is carried to the stigma by the wind; wind- Fertilized. Lubbock.

ANEMOSCOPE A*nem"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. anémoscope.]

Defn: An instrument which shows the direction of the wind; a wind vane; a weathercock; -- usually applied to a contrivance consisting of a vane above, connected in the building with a dial or index with pointers to show the changes of the wind.

ANEMOSIS An`e*mo"sis, n. [NL., fr. Gr. wind.]

Defn: A condition in the wood of some trees in which the rings are separated, as some suppose, by the action of high winds upon the trunk; wind shake.

ANENCEPHALIC; ANENCEPHALOUS An*en`ce*phal"ic, An`en*ceph"a*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. Encephalon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Without a brain; brainless. Todd & B.

ANENST; ANENT A*nenst", A*nent", prep. Etym: [OE. anent, anentis, anence, anens, anents, AS. onefen, onemn; an, on, on + efen even, equal; hence meaning, on an equality with, even with, beside. See Even, a.] [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

1. Over against; as, he lives anent the church.

2. About; concerning; in respect; as, he said nothing anent this particular.

ANENTEROUS An*en"ter*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Destitute of a stomach or an intestine. Owen.

ANERGIA; ANERGY An*er"gi*a, An"er*gy, n. [NL. anergia, fr. Gr. - not + work.]

Defn: Lack of energy; inactivity. -- An*er"gic (#), a.

ANEROID An"e*roid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid: cf. F. anéroïde.]

Defn: Containing no liquid; -- said of kind of barometer. Aneroid barometer, a barometer the action of which depends on the varying pressure of the atmosphere upon the elastic top of a metallic box (shaped like a watch) from which the air has been exhausted. An index shows the variation of pressure.

ANEROID An"e*roid, n.

Defn: An aneroid barometer.

ANES Anes, adv.

Defn: Once. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

ANESTHESIA; ANESTHETIC An`es*the"si*a, n., An`es*thet"ic, a.

Defn: Same as Anæsthesia, Anæsthetic.

ANET An"et, n. Etym: [F. aneth, fr. L. anethum, Gr. Anise.]

Defn: The herb dill, or dillseed.

ANETHOL An"e*thol, n. Etym: [L. anethum (see Anise) + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A substance obtained from the volatile oils of anise, fennel, etc., in the form of soft shining scales; -- called also anise camphor. Watts.

ANETIC A*net"ic, a. Etym: [L. aneticus, Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Soothing.

ANEURISM An"eu*rism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A soft, pulsating, hollow tumor, containing blood, arising from the preternatural dilation or rupture of the coats of an artery. [Written also aneurysm.]

ANEURISMAL An`eu*ris"mal, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an aneurism; as, an aneurismal tumor; aneurismal diathesis. [Written also aneurysmal.]

ANEW A*new", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + new.]

Defn: Over again; another time; in a new form; afresh; as, to arm anew; to create anew. Dryden.

ANFRACTUOSE An*frac"tu*ose`, a. Etym: [See Anfractuous.]

Defn: Anfractuous; as, anfractuose anthers.

ANFRACTUOSITY An*frac`tu*os"i*ty, n.; l. Anfractuosities. Etym: [Cf. F. anfractuosité.]

1. A state of being anfractuous, or full of windings and turnings; sinuosity. The anfractuosities of his intellect and temper. Macaulay.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A sinuous depression or sulcus like those separating the convolutions of the brain.

ANFRACTUOUS An*frac"tu*ous, a. Etym: [L. anfractuosus, fr. anfractus a turning, a winding, fr. the unused anfringere to wind, bend; an-, for amb- + fractus, p. p. of frangere to break: cf. F. anfractueux.]

Defn: Winding; full of windings and turnings; sinuous; tortuous; as, the anfractuous spires of a born. -- An*frac"tu*ous*ness, n.

ANFRACTURE An*frac"ture, n.

Defn: A mazy winding.

ANGARIATION An*ga"ri*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. angariatio, fr. L. angaria service to a lord, villenage, fr. anga, Gr.

Defn: Exaction of forced service; compulsion. [Obs.] Speed.

ANGEIOLOGY; ANGEIOTOMY An`gei*ol"o*gy, n., An`gei*ot"o*my, etc.

Defn: Same as Angiology, Angiotomy, etc.

ANGEL An"gel, n. Etym: [AS. æangel, engel, influenced by OF. angele, angle, F. ange. Both the AS. and the OF. words are from L. angelus, Gr.

1. A messenger. [R.] The dear good angel of the Spring, The nightingale. B. Jonson.

2. A spiritual, celestial being, superior to man in power and intelligence. In the Scriptures the angels appear as God's messengers. O, welcome, pure-eyed Faith, white-handed Hope, Thou hovering angel, girt with golden wings. Milton.

3. One of a class of "fallen angels;" an evil spirit; as, the devil and his angels.

4. A minister or pastor of a church, as in the Seven Asiatic churches. [Archaic] Unto-the angel of the church of Ephesus write. Rev. ii. 1.

5. Attendant spirit; genius; demon. Shak.

6. An appellation given to a person supposed to be of angelic goodness or loveliness; a darling. When pain and anguish wring the brow. Sir W. Scott.

7. (Numis.)

Defn: An ancient gold coin of England, bearing the figure of the archangel Michael. It varied in value from 6s. 8d. to 10s. Amer. Cyc.

Note: Angel is sometimes used adjectively; as, angel grace; angel whiteness. Angel bed, a bed without posts. -- Angel fish. (Zoöl.) (a) A species of shark (Squatina angelus) from six to eight feet long, found on the coasts of Europe and North America. It takes its name from its pectoral fins, which are very large and extend horizontally like wings when spread. (b) One of several species of compressed, bright colored fishes warm seas, belonging to the family, Chætodontidæ. -- Angel gold, standard gold. [Obs.] Fuller. -- Angel shark. See Angel fish. -- Angel shot (Mil.), a kind of chain shot. -- Angel water, a perfumed liquid made at first chiefly from angelica; afterwards containing rose, myrtle, and orange-flower waters, with ambergris, etc. [Obs.]

ANGELAGE An"gel*age, n.

Defn: Existence or state of angels.

ANGELET An"gel*et, n. Etym: [OF. angelet.]

Defn: A small gold coin formerly current in England; a half angel. Eng. Cyc.

ANGEL FISH An"gel fish.

Defn: See under Angel.

ANGELHOOD An"gel*hood, n.

Defn: The state of being an angel; angelic nature. Mrs. Browning.

ANGELIC; ANGELICAL An*gel"ic, An*gel"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. angelicus, Gr. angélique.]

Defn: Belonging to, or proceeding from, angels; resembling, characteristic of, or partaking of the nature of, an angel; heavenly; divine. "Angelic harps." Thomson."Angelical actions." Hooker. The union of womanly tenderness and angelic patience. Macaulay. Angelic Hymn, a very ancient hymn of the Christian Church; -- so called from its beginning with the song of the heavenly host recorded in Luke ii. 14. Eadie.

ANGELIC An*gel"ic, a. Etym: [From Angelica.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or derived from angelica; as, angelic acid; angelic ether. Angelic acid, an acid obtained from angelica and some other plants.

ANGELICA An*gel"i*ca, n. Etym: [NL. See Angelic.] (Bot.)

1. An aromatic umbelliferous plant (Archangelica officinalis or Angelica archangelica) the leaf stalks of which are sometimes candied and used in confectionery, and the roots and seeds as an aromatic tonic.

2. The candied leaf stalks of angelica. Angelica tree, a thorny North American shrub (Aralia spinosa), called also Hercules' club.

ANGELICALLY An*gel"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Like an angel.

ANGELICALNESS An*gel"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being angelic; excellence more than human.

ANGELIFY An*gel"i*fy, v. t.

Defn: To make like an angel; to angelize. [Obs.] Farindon (1647).

ANGELIZE An"gel*ize, v. t.

Defn: To raise to the state of an angel; to render angelic. It ought not to be our object to angelize, nor to brutalize, but to humanize man. W. Taylor.

ANGELLIKE An"gel*like`, a. & adv.

Defn: Resembling an angel.

ANGELOLATRY An`gel*ol"a*try, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Worship paid to angels.

ANGELOLOGY An`gel*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [L. angelus, Gr. -logy.]

Defn: A discourse on angels, or a body of doctrines in regard to angels. The same mythology commanded the general consent; the same angelology, demonology. Milman.

ANGELOPHANY An`gel*oph"a*ny, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The actual appearance of an angel to man.

ANGELOT An"ge*lot, n. Etym: [F. angelot, LL. angelotus, angellotus, dim. of angelus. See Angel.]

1. A French gold coin of the reign of Louis XI., bearing the image of St. Michael; also, a piece coined at Paris by the English under Henry VI. [Obs.]

2. An instrument of music, of the lute kind, now disused. Johnson. R. Browning.

3. A sort of small, rich cheese, made in Normandy.

ANGELUS An"ge*lus, n. Etym: [L.] (R. C. Ch.) (a) A form of devotion in which three Ave Marias are repeated. It is said at morning, noon, and evening, at the sound of a bell. (b) The Angelus bell. Shipley.

ANGER An"ger, n. Etym: [OE. anger, angre, affliction, anger, fr. Icel. angr affliction, sorrow; akin to Dan. anger regret, Swed. ånger regret, AS. ange oppressed, sad, L. angor a strangling, anguish, angere to strangle, Gr. amhas pain, and to. anguish, anxious, quinsy, and perh. awe, ugly. The word seems to have orig. meant to choke, squeeze.

1. Trouble; vexation; also, physical pain or smart of a sore, etc. [Obs.] I made the experiment, setting the moxa where . . . the greatest anger and soreness still continued. Temple.

2. A strong passion or emotion of displeasure or antagonism, excited by a real or supposed injury or insult to one's self or others, or by the intent to do such injury. Anger is like A full hot horse, who being allowed his way, Self- mettle tires him. Shak.

Syn. -- Resentment; wrath; rage; fury; passion; ire gall; choler; indignation; displeasure; vexation; grudge; spleen. -- Anger, Indignation, Resentment, Wrath, Ire, Rage, Fury. Anger is a feeling of keen displeasure (usually with a desire to punish) for what we regard as wrong toward ourselves or others. It may be excessive or misplaced, but is not necessarily criminal. Indignation is a generous outburst of anger in view of things which are indigna, or unworthy to be done, involving what is mean, cruel, flagitious, etc., in character or conduct. Resentment is often a moody feeling, leading one to brood over his supposed personal wrongs with a deep and lasting anger. See Resentment. Wrath and ire (the last poetical) express the feelings of one who is bitterly provoked. Rage is a vehement ebullition of anger; and fury is an excess of rage, amounting almost to madness. Warmth of constitution often gives rise to anger; a high sense of honor creates indignation at crime; a man of quick sensibilities is apt to cherish resentment; the wrath and ire of men are often connected with a haughty and vindictive spirit; rage and fury are distempers of the soul to be regarded only with abhorrence.

ANGER An"ger, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Angered; p. pr. & vb. n. Angering.] Etym: [Cf. Icel. angra.]

1. To make painful; to cause to smart; to inflame. [Obs.] He . . . angereth malign ulcers. Bacon.

2. To excite to anger; to enrage; to provoke. Taxes and impositions . . . which rather angered than grieved the people. Clarendon.

ANGERLY An"ger*ly, adv.

Defn: Angrily. [Obs. or Poetic] Why, how now, Hecate! you look angerly. Shak.

ANGEVINE An"ge*vine, a. Etym: [F. Angevin.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Anjou in France. -- n. A native of Anjou.

ANGIENCHYMA An`gi*en"chy*ma, n. Etym: [Gr. Parenchyma.] (Bot.)

Defn: Vascular tissue of plants, consisting of spiral vessels, dotted, barred, and pitted ducts, and laticiferous vessels.

ANGINA An*gi"na, n. Etym: [L., fr. angere to strangle, to choke. See Anger, n.] (Med.)

Defn: Any inflammatory affection of the throat or faces, as the quinsy, malignant sore throat, croup, etc., especially such as tends to produce suffocation, choking, or shortness of breath. Angina pectoris, a peculiarly painful disease, so named from a sense of suffocating contraction or tightening of the lower part of the chest; -- called also breast pang, spasm of the chest.

ANGINOUS; ANGINOSE An"gi*nous, An"gi*nose`, a. (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to angina or angina pectoris.

ANGIO- An"gi*o-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A prefix, or combining form, in numerous compounds, usually relating to seed or blood vessels, or to something contained in, or covered by, a vessel.

ANGIOCARPOUS An`gi*o*car"pous, a. Etym: [Angio- + Gr. (Bot.) (a) Having fruit inclosed within a covering that does not form a part of itself; as, the filbert covered by its husk, or the acorn seated in its cupule. Brande & C. (b) Having the seeds or spores covered, as in certain lichens. Gray.

ANGIOGRAPHY An`gi*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Angio- + -graphy: cf. F. angiographie.] (Anat.)

Defn: A description of blood vessels and lymphatics.

ANGIOLOGY An`gi*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Angio- + -logy.] (Anat.)

Defn: That part of anatomy which treats of blood vessels and lymphatics.

ANGIOMA An`gi*o"ma, n. Etym: [ + -oma.] (Med.)

Defn: A tumor composed chiefly of dilated blood vessels.

ANGIOMONOSPERMOUS An`gi*o*mon`o*sper"mous, a. Etym: [Angio- + monospermous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Producing one seed only in a seed pod.

ANGIONEUROSIS An`gi*o*neu*ro"sis, n. [NL.; angio- + neurosis.] (Med.)

Defn: Any disorder of the vasomotor system; neurosis of a blood vessel. --An`gi*o*neu*rot"ic (#), a.

ANGIOPATHY An`gi*op"a*thy, n. [Angio- + Gr. disease.] (Med.)

Defn: Disease of the vessels, esp. the blood vessels.

ANGIOSCOPE An"gi*o*scope, n. Etym: [Angio- + -scope.]

Defn: An instrument for examining the capillary vessels of animals and plants. Morin.

ANGIOSPERM An"gi*o*sperm, n. Etym: [Angio- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant which has its seeds inclosed in a pericarp.

Note: The term is restricted to exogenous plants, and applied to one of the two grand divisions of these species, the other division including gymnosperms, or those which have naked seeds. The oak, apple, beech, etc., are angiosperms, while the pines, spruce, hemlock, and the allied varieties, are gymnosperms.

ANGIOSPERMATOUS An`gi*o*sper"ma*tous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Angiospermous.

ANGIOSPERMOUS An`gi*o*sper"mous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having seeds inclosed in a pod or other pericarp.

ANGIOSPOROUS An`gi*os"po*rous, a. Etym: [Angio- + spore.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having spores contained in cells or thecæ, as in the case of some fungi.

ANGIOSTOMOUS An`gi*os"to*mous, a. Etym: [Angio- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: With a narrow mouth, as the shell of certain gastropods.

ANGIOTOMY An`gi*ot"o*my, n. Etym: [Angio- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Dissection of the blood vessels and lymphatics of the body. Dunglison.

ANGLE An"gle, n. Etym: [F. angle, L. angulus angle, corner; akin to uncus hook, Gr. angel hook, fish-hook, G. angel, and F. anchor.]

1. The inclosed space near the point where two lines; a corner; a nook. Into the utmost angle of the world. Spenser. To search the tenderest angles of the heart. Milton.

2. (Geom.) (a) The figure made by. two lines which meet. (b) The difference of direction of two lines. In the lines meet, the point of meeting is the vertex of the angle.

3. A projecting or sharp corner; an angular fragment. Though but an angle reached him of the stone. Dryden.

4. (Astrol.)

Defn: A name given to four of the twelve astrological "houses." [Obs.] Chaucer.

5. Etym: [AS. angel.]

Defn: A fishhook; tackle for catching fish, consisting of a line, hook, and bait, with or without a rod. Give me mine angle: we 'll to the river there. Shak. A fisher next his trembling angle bears. Pope. Acute angle, one less than a right angle, or less than 90º. -- Adjacent or Contiguous angles, such as have one leg common to both angles. -- Alternate angles. See Alternate. -- Angle bar. (a) (Carp.) An upright bar at the angle where two faces of a polygonal or bay window meet. Knight. (b) (Mach.) Same as Angle iron. -- Angle bead (Arch.), a bead worked on or fixed to the angle of any architectural work, esp. for protecting an angle of a wall. -- Angle brace, Angle tie (Carp.), a brace across an interior angle of a wooden frame, forming the hypothenuse and securing the two side pieces together. Knight. -- Angle iron (Mach.), a rolled bar or plate of iron having one or more angles, used for forming the corners, or connecting or sustaining the sides of an iron structure to which it is riveted. -- Angle leaf (Arch.), a detail in the form of a leaf, more or less conventionalized, used to decorate and sometimes to strengthen an angle. -- Angle meter, an instrument for measuring angles, esp. for ascertaining the dip of strata. -- Angle shaft (Arch.), an enriched angle bead, often having a capital or base, or both. -- Curvilineal angle, one formed by two curved lines. -- External angles, angles formed by the sides of any right-lined figure, when the sides are produced or lengthened. -- Facial angle. See under Facial. -- Internal angles, those which are within any right-lined figure. -- Mixtilineal angle, one formed by a right line with a curved line. -- Oblique angle, one acute or obtuse, in opposition to a right angle. -- Obtuse angle, one greater than a right angle, or more than 90º. -- Optic angle. See under Optic. -- Rectilineal or Right-lined angle, one formed by two right lines. -- Right angle, one formed by a right line falling on another perpendicularly, or an angle of 90º (measured by a quarter circle). -- Solid angle, the figure formed by the meeting of three or more plane angles at one point. -- Spherical angle, one made by the meeting of two arcs of great circles, which mutually cut one another on the surface of a globe or sphere. -- Visual angle, the angle formed by two rays of light, or two straight lines drawn from the extreme points of an object to the center of the eye. -- For Angles of commutation, draught, incidence, reflection, refraction, position, repose, fraction, see Commutation, Draught, Incidence, Reflection, Refraction, etc.

ANGLE An"gle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Angled; p. pr. & vb. n. Angling.]

1. To fish with an angle (fishhook), or with hook and line.

2. To use some bait or artifice; to intrigue; to scheme; as, to angle for praise. The hearts of all that he did angle for. Shak.

ANGLE An"gle, v. t.

Defn: To try to gain by some insinuating artifice; to allure. [Obs.] "He angled the people's hearts." Sir P. Sidney.

ANGLED An"gled, a.

Defn: Having an angle or angles; -- used in compounds; as, right- angled, many-angled, etc. The thrice three-angled beechnut shell. Bp. Hall.

ANGLEMETER An"gle*me`ter, n. Etym: [Angle + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument to measure angles, esp. one used by geologists to measure the dip of strata.

ANGLE OF ENTRY An"gle of en"try. (Aëronautics)

Defn: The angle between the tangent to the advancing edge (of an aërocurve) and the line of motion; -- contrasted with angle of trail, which is the angle between the tangent to the following edge and the line of motion.

ANGLE OF INCIDENCE Angle of incidence. (Aëronautics)

Defn: The angle between the chord of an aërocurve and the relative direction of the undisturbed air current.

ANGLER An"gler, n.

1. One who angles.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish (Lophius piscatorius), of Europe and America, having a large, broad, and depressed head, with the mouth very large. Peculiar appendages on the head are said to be used to entice fishes within reach. Called also fishing frog, frogfish, toadfish, goosefish, allmouth, monkfish, etc.

ANGLES An"gles, n. pl. Etym: [L. Angli. See Anglican.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: An ancient Low German tribe, that settled in Britain, which came to be called Engla-land (Angleland or England). The Angles probably came from the district of Angeln (now within the limits of Schleswig), and the country now Lower Hanover, etc.

ANGLESITE An"gle*site, n. Etym: [From the Isle of Anglesea.] (Min.)

Defn: A native sulphate of lead. It occurs in white or yellowish transparent, prismatic crystals.

ANGLEWISE An"gle*wise`, adv. Etym: [Angle + wise, OE. wise manner.]

Defn: In an angular manner; angularly.

ANGLEWORM An"gle*worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A earthworm of the genus Lumbricus, frequently used by anglers for bait. See Earthworm.

ANGLIAN An"gli*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Angles. -- n.

Defn: One of the Angles.

ANGLIC An"glic, a.

Defn: Anglian.

ANGLICAN An"gli*can, a. Etym: [Angli the Angles, a Germanic tribe in Lower Germany. Cf. English.]

1. English; of or pertaining to England or the English nation; especially, pertaining to, or connected with, the established church of England; as, the Anglican church, doctrine, orders, ritual, etc.

2. Pertaining to, characteristic of, or held by, the high church party of the Church of England.

ANGLICAN An"gli*can, n.

1. A member of the Church of England. Whether Catholics, Anglicans, or Calvinists. Burke.

2. In a restricted sense, a member of the High Church party, or of the more advanced ritualistic section, in the Church of England.

ANGLICANISM An"gli*can*ism, n.

1. Strong partiality to the principles and rites of the Church of England.

2. The principles of the established church of England; also, in a restricted sense, the doctrines held by the high-church party.

3. Attachment to England or English institutions.

ANGLICE An"gli*ce, adv. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: In English; in the English manner; as, Livorno, Anglice Leghorn.

ANGLICIFY An*glic"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [NL. Anglicus English + -fly.]

Defn: To anglicize. [R.]

ANGLICISM An"gli*cism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. anglicisme.]

1. An English idiom; a phrase or form language peculiar to the English. Dryden.

2. The quality of being English; an English characteristic, custom, or method.

ANGLICITY An*glic"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being English.

ANGLICIZATION An`gli*ci*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of anglicizing, or making English in character.

ANGLICIZE An"gli*cize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anglicized; p. pr. & vb. n. Anglicizing.]

Defn: To make English; to English; to anglify; render conformable to the English idiom, or to English analogies.

ANGLIFY An"gli*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anglified; p. pr. & vb. n. Anglifying.] Etym: [L. Angli + -fly.]

Defn: To convert into English; to anglicize. Franklin. Darwin.

ANGLING An"gling, n.

Defn: The act of one who angles; the art of fishing with rod and line. Walton.

ANGLO- An"glo- Etym: [NL. Anglus English. See Anglican.]

Defn: A combining form meaning the same as English; or English and, or English conjoined with; as, Anglo-Turkish treaty, Anglo-German, Anglo-Irish. Anglo-American, . Of or pertaining to the English and Americans, or to the descendants of Englishmen in America. -- n. A descendant from English ancestors born in America, or the United States. Anglo-Danish, a. Of or pertaining to the English and Danes, or to the Danes who settled in England. Anglo-Indian, a. Of or pertaining to the English in India, or to the English and East Indian peoples or languages. -- n. One of the Anglo-Indian race born or resident in the East Indies. Anglo-Norman, a. Of or pertaining to the English and Normans, or to the Normans who settled in England. -- n. One of the English Normans, or the Normans who conquered England. Anglo-Saxon. See Anglo-Saxon in the Vocabulary.

ANGLO-CATHOLIC An"glo-Cath"o*lic, a.,

Defn: Of or pertaining to a church modeled on the English Reformation; Anglican; -- sometimes restricted to the ritualistic or High Church section of the Church of England.

ANGLO-CATHOLIC An"glo-Cath"o*lic, n.

Defn: A member of the Church of England who contends for its catholic character; more specifically, a High Churchman.

ANGLO-CATHOLICISM An"glo-Ca*thol"i*cism, n.

Defn: The belief of those in the Church of England who accept many doctrines and practices which they maintain were those of the primitive, or true, Catholic Church, of which they consider the Church of England to be the lineal descendant.

ANGLOMANIA An"glo*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [Anglo'cf + mania.]

Defn: A mania for, or an inordinate attachment to, English customs, institutions, etc.

ANGLOMANIAC An`glo*ma"ni*ac, n.

Defn: One affected with Anglomania.

ANGLOPHOBIA An`glo*pho"bi*a, n. Etym: [Anglo- + Gr.

Defn: Intense dread of, or aversion to, England or the English. -- An"glo*phobe, n.

ANGLO-SAXON An"glo-Sax"on, n. Etym: [L. Angli-Saxones English Saxons.]

1. A Saxon of Britain, that is, an English Saxon, or one the Saxons who settled in England, as distinguished from a continental (or "Old") Saxon.

2. pl.

Defn: The Teutonic people (Angles, Saxons, Jutes) of England, or the English people, collectively, before the Norman Conquest. It is quite correct to call Æthelstan "King of the Anglo-Saxons," but to call this or that subject of Æthelstan "an Anglo-Saxon" is simply nonsense. E. A. Freeman.

3. The language of the English people before the Conquest (sometimes called Old English). See Saxon.

4. One of the race or people who claim descent from the Saxons, Angles, or other Teutonic tribes who settled in England; a person of English descent in its broadest sense.

ANGLO-SAXON An"glo-Sax"on, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Anglo-Saxons or their language.

ANGLO-SAXONDOM An"glo-Sax"on*dom, n.

Defn: The Anglo-Saxon domain (i. e., Great Britain and the United States, etc.); the Anglo-Saxon race.

ANGLO-SAXONISM An"glo-Sax"on*ism, n.

1. A characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon race; especially, a word or an idiom of the Anglo-Saxon tongue. M. Arnold.

2. The quality or sentiment of being Anglo-Saxon, or English in its ethnological sense.

ANGOLA An*go"la, n. Etym: [A corruption of Angora.]

Defn: A fabric made from the wool of the Angora goat.

ANGOLA PEA An*go"la pea`. (Bot.)

Defn: A tropical plant (Cajanus indicus) and its edible seed, a kind of pulse; -- so called from Angola in Western Africa. Called also pigeon pea and Congo pea.

ANGOR An"gor, n. Etym: [L. See Anger.] (Med.)

Defn: Great anxiety accompanied by painful constriction at the upper part of the belly, often with palpitation and oppression.

ANGORA An*go"ra, n.

Defn: A city of Asia Minor (or Anatolia) which has given its name to a goat, a cat, etc. Angora cat (Zoöl.), a variety of the domestic cat with very long and silky hair, generally of the brownish white color. Called also Angola cat. See Cat. -- Angora goat (Zoöl.), a variety of the domestic goat, reared for its long silky hair, which is highly prized for manufacture.

ANGOSTURA BARK An`gos*tu"ra bark". Etym: [From Angostura, in Venezuela.]

Defn: An aromatic bark used as a tonic, obtained from a South American of the rue family (Galipea cusparia, or officinalis). U. S. Disp.

ANGOUMOIS MOTH An`gou`mois" moth". Etym: [So named from Angoumois in France.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small moth (Gelechia cerealella) which is very destructive to wheat and other grain. The larva eats out the inferior of the grain, leaving only the shell.

ANGRILY An"gri*ly, adv.

Defn: In an angry manner; under the influence of anger.

ANGRINESS An"gri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being angry, or of being inclined to anger. Such an angriness of humor that we take fire at everything. Whole Duty of Man.

ANGRY An"gry, a. [Compar. Angrier; superl. Angriest.] Etym: [See Anger.]

1. Troublesome; vexatious; rigorous. [Obs.] God had provided a severe and angry education to chastise the forwardness of a young spirit. Jer. Taylor.

2. Inflamed and painful, as a sore.

3. Touched with anger; under the emotion of anger; feeling resentment; enraged; -- followed generally by with before a person, and at before a thing. Be not grieved, nor angry with yourselves. Gen. xlv. 5. Wherefore should God be angry at thy voice Eccles. v. 6.

4. Showing anger; proceeding from anger; acting as if moved by anger; wearing the marks of anger; as, angry words or tones; an angry sky; angry waves. "An angry countenance." Prov. xxv. 23.

5. Red. [R.] Sweet rose, whose hue, angry and brave. Herbert.

6. Sharp; keen; stimulated. [R.] I never ate with angrier appetite. Tennyson.

Syn. -- Passionate; resentful; irritated; irascible; indignant; provoked; enraged; incensed; exasperated; irate; hot; raging; furious; wrathful; wroth; choleric; inflamed; infuriated.

ANGUIFORM An"gui*form, a. Etym: [L. angius snake + -form.]

Defn: Snake-shaped.

ANGUILLIFORM An*guil"li*form, a. Etym: [L. anguilla eel (dim. of anguis snake) + - form.]

Defn: Eel-shaped.

Note: The "Anguillæformes" of Cuvier are fishes related to thee eel.

ANGUINE An"guine, a. Etym: [L. anguinus, fr. anguis snake.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a snake or serpent. "The anguine or snakelike reptiles." Owen.

ANGUINEAL An*guin"e*al, a.

Defn: Anguineous.

ANGUINEOUS An*guin"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. anguineus.]

Defn: Snakelike.

ANGUISH An"guish, n. Etym: [OE. anguishe, anguise, angoise, F. angoisse, fr. L. angustia narrowness, difficulty, distress, fr. angustus narrow, difficult, fr. angere to press together. See Anger.]

Defn: Extreme pain, either of body or mind; excruciating distress. But they hearkened not unto Moses for anguish of spirit, and for cruel bondage. Ex. vi. 9. Anguish as of her that bringeth forth her first child. Jer. iv. 31.

Note: Rarely used in the plural: - Ye miserable people, you must go to God in anguishes, and make your prayer to him. Latimer.

Syn. -- Agony; pang; torture; torment. See Agony.

ANGUISH An"guish, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. angoisser, fr. L. angustiare.]

Defn: To distress with extreme pain or grief. [R.] Temple.

ANGULAR An"gu*lar, a. Etym: [L. angularis, fr. angulus angle, corner. See Angle.]

1. Relating to an angle or to angles; having an angle or angles; forming an angle or corner; sharp-cornered; pointed; as, an angular figure.

2. Measured by an angle; as, angular distance.

3. Fig.: Lean; lank; raw-boned; ungraceful; sharp and stiff in character; as, remarkably angular in his habits and appearance; an angular female. Angular aperture, Angular distance. See Aperture, Distance. -- Angular motion, the motion of a body about a fixed point or fixed axis, as of a planet or pendulum. It is equal to the angle passed over at the point or axis by a line drawn to the body. -- Angular point, the point at which the sides of the angle meet; the vertex. -- Angular velocity, the ratio of anuglar motion to the time employed in describing.

ANGULAR An"gu*lar, n. (Anat.)

Defn: A bone in the base of the lower jaw of many birds, reptiles, and fishes.

ANGULARITY An`gu*lar"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being angular; angularness.

ANGULARLY An"gu*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In an angular manner; with of at angles or corners. B. Jonson.

ANGULARNESS An"gu*lar*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being angular.

ANGULATE An"gu*late, v. t.

Defn: To make angular.

ANGULATE; ANGULATED An"gu*late, An"gu*la`ted, a. Etym: [L. angulatus, p. p. of angulare to make angular.]

Defn: Having angles or corners; angled; as, angulate leaves.

ANGULATION An`gu*la"tion, n.

Defn: A making angular; angular formation. Huxley.

ANGULO-DENTATE An"gu*lo-den"tate(#), a.. Etym: [L. angulus angle + dens, dentis, tooth.] (Bot.)

Defn: Angularly toothed, as certain leaves.

ANGULOMETER An"gu*lom"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. angulus angle + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring external angles.

ANGULOSE An"gu*lose`, a.

Defn: Angulous. [R.]

ANGULOSITY An`gu*los"i*ty, n.

Defn: A state of being angulous or angular. [Obs.]

ANGULOUS An"gu*lous, a. Etym: [L. angulosus: cf. F. anguleux.]

Defn: Angular; having corners; hooked. [R.] Held together by hooks and angulous involutions. Glanvill.

ANGUST An*gust", a. Etym: [L. angustus. See Anguish.]

Defn: Narrow; strait. [Obs.]

ANGUSTATE An*gus"tate, a. Etym: [L. angustatus, p. p. of angustare to make narrow.]

Defn: Narrowed.

ANGUSTATION An`gus*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act or making narrow; a straitening or contacting. Wiseman.

ANGUSTICLAVE An*gus"ti*clave (an*gus"ti*klav), n. [L. angustus narrow + clavus a nail, a stripe.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A narrow stripe of purple worn by the equites on each side of the tunic as a sign of rank.

ANGUSTIFOLIATE; ANGUSTIFOLIOUS An*gus`ti*fo"li*ate, An*gus`ti*fo"li*ous, a. Etym: [L. angustus narrow (see Anguish) + folium leaf.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having narrow leaves. Wright.

ANGUSTURA BARK An`gus*tu"ra bark`.

Defn: See Angostura bark.

ANGWANTIBO An`gwan*ti"bo, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small lemuroid mammal (Arctocebus Calabarensis) of Africa. It has only a rudimentary tail.

ANHANG An*hang", v. t. Etym: [AS. onhangian.]

Defn: To hang. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ANHARMONIC An`har*mon"ic, a. Etym: [F. anharmonique, fr. Gr. (Math.)

Defn: Not harmonic. The anharmonic function or ratio of four points abcd on a straight line is the quantity (ac/ad):(bc/bd), where the segments are to regarded as plus or minus, according to the order of the letters.

ANHELATION An`he*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. anhelatio, fr. anhelare to pant; an (perh. akin to E. on) + halare to breathe: cf. F. anhélation.]

Defn: Short and rapid breathing; a panting; asthma. Glanvill.

ANHELE An*hele", v. i. Etym: [Cf. OF. aneler, anheler. See Anhelation.]

Defn: To pant; to be breathlessly anxious or eager (for). [Obs.] They anhele . . . for the fruit of our convocation. Latimer.

ANHELOSE An"he*lose, a.

Defn: Anhelous; panting. [R.]

ANHELOUS An*he"lous, a. Etym: [L. anhelus.]

Defn: Short of breath; panting.

ANHIMA An"hi*ma, n. Etym: [Brazilian name.]

Defn: A South American aquatic bird; the horned screamer or kamichi (Palamedea cornuta). See Kamichi.

ANHINGA An*hin"ga, n. Etym: [Pg.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An aquatic bird of the southern United States (Platus anhinga); the darter, or snakebird.

ANHISTOUS An*his"tous, a. Etym: [Gr. anhiste.] (Biol.)

Defn: Without definite structure; as, an anhistous membrane.

ANHUNGERED An*hun"gered, a.

Defn: Ahungered; longing. [Archaic]

ANHYDRIDE An*hy"dride, n. Etym: [See Anhydrous.] (Chem.)

Defn: An oxide of a nonmetallic body or an organic radical, capable of forming an acid by uniting with the elements of water; -- so called because it may be formed from an acid by the abstraction of water.

ANHYDRITE An*hy"drite, n. Etym: [See Anhydrous.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a white a slightly bluish color, usually massive. It is anhydrous sulphate of lime, and differs from gypsum in not containing water (whence the name).

ANHYDROUS An*hy"drous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Destitute of water; as, anhydrous salts or acids.

ANI; ANO A"ni or A"no, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A black bird of tropical America, the West Indies and Florida (Crotophaga ani), allied to the cuckoos, and remarkable for communistic nesting.

ANICUT; ANNICUT An"i*cut, An"ni*cut, n. Etym: [Tamil anai kattu dam building.]

Defn: A dam or mole made in the course of a stream for the purpose of regulating the flow of a system of irrigation. [India] Brande & C.

ANIDIOMATIC; ANIDIOMATICAL; UNIDIOMATIC; UNIDIOMATICAL An*id`io*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. idiomatical.]

Defn: Not idiomatic. [R.] Landor.

ANIENT; ANIENTISE An"i*ent, An`i*en"tise, v. t. Etym: [OF. anientir, F. anéantir.]

Defn: To frustrate; to bring to naught; to annihilate. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ANIGH A*nigh", prep. & adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + nigh.]

Defn: Nigh. [Archaic]

ANIGHT; ANIGHTS A*night", A*nights", adv. Etym: [OE. on niht.]

Defn: In the night time; at night. [Archaic] Does he hawk anights still Marston.

ANIL An"il, n. Etym: [F. anil, Sp. anil, or Pg. anil; all fr. Ar. an-nil, for al-nil the indigo plant, fr. Skr. nila dark blue, nili indigo, indigo plant. Cf. Lilac.] (Bot.)

Defn: A West Indian plant (Indigofera anil), one of the original sources of indigo; also, the indigo dye.

ANILE An"ile, a. Etym: [L. anilis, fr. anus an old woman.]

Defn: Old-womanish; imbecile. "Anile ideas." Walpole.

ANILENESS An"ile*ness, n.

Defn: Anility. [R.]

ANILIC An*il"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, anil; indigotic; -- applied to an acid formed by the action of nitric acid on indigo. [R.]

ANILIDE An"i*lide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: One of a class of compounds which may be regarded as amides in which more or less of the hydrogen has been replaced by phenyl.

ANILINE An"i*line, n. Etym: [See Anil.] (Chem.)

Defn: An organic base belonging to the phenylamines. It may be regarded as ammonia in which one hydrogen atom has been replaced by the radical phenyl. It is a colorless, oily liquid, originally obtained from indigo by distillation, but now largely manufactured from coal tar or nitrobenzene as a base from which many brilliant dyes are made.

ANILINE An"i*line, a.

Defn: Made from, or of the nature of, aniline.

ANILINISM An"i*lin*ism, n. [Aniline + -ism.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease due to inhaling the poisonous fumes present in the manufacture of aniline.

ANILITY A*nil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. anilitas. See Anile.]

Defn: The state of being and old woman; old-womanishness; dotage. "Marks of anility." Sterne.

ANIMADVERSAL An`i*mad*ver"sal, n.

Defn: The faculty of perceiving; a percipient. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

ANIMADVERSION An`i*mad*ver"sion, n. Etym: [L. animadversio, fr. animadvertere: cf. F. animadversion. See Animadvert.]

1. The act or power of perceiving or taking notice; direct or simple perception. [Obs.] The soul is the sole percipient which hath animadversion and sense, properly so called. Glanvill.

2. Monition; warning. [Obs.] Clarendon.

3. Remarks by way of criticism and usually of censure; adverse criticism; reproof; blame. He dismissed their commissioners with severe and sharp animadversions. Clarendon.

4. Judicial cognizance of an offense; chastisement; punishment. [Archaic] "Divine animadversions." Wesley.

Syn. -- Stricture; criticism; censure; reproof; blame; comment.

ANIMADVERSIVE An`i*mad*ver"sive, a.

Defn: Having the power of perceiving; percipient. [Archaic] Glanvill. I do not mean there is a certain number of ideas glaring and shining to the animadversive faculty. Coleridge.

ANIMADVERT An`i*mad*vert", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Animadverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Animadverting.] Etym: [L. animadvertere; animus mind + advertere to turn to; ad to + vertere to turn.]

1. To take notice; to observe; -- commonly followed by that. Dr. H. More.

2. To consider or remark by way of criticism or censure; to express censure; -- with on or upon. I should not animadvert on him . . . if he had not used extreme severity in his judgment of the incomparable Shakespeare. Dryden.

3. To take cognizance judicially; to inflict punishment. [Archaic] Grew.

Syn. -- To remark; comment; criticise; censure.

ANIMADVERTER An`i*mad*vert"er, n.

Defn: One who animadverts; a censurer; also [Obs.], a chastiser.

ANIMAL An"i*mal, n. Etym: [L., fr. anima breath, soul: cf. F. animal. See Animate.]

1. An organized living being endowed with sensation and the power of voluntary motion, and also characterized by taking its food into an internal cavity or stomach for digestion; by giving carbonic acid to the air and taking oxygen in the process of respiration; and by increasing in motive power or active aggressive force with progress to maturity.

2. One of the lower animals; a brute or beast, as distinguished from man; as, men and animals.

ANIMAL An"i*mal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. animal.]

1. Of or relating to animals; as, animal functions.

2. Pertaining to the merely sentient part of a creature, as distinguished from the intellectual, rational, or spiritual part; as, the animal passions or appetites.

3. Consisting of the flesh of animals; as, animal food. Animal magnetism. See Magnetism and Mesmerism. -- Animal electricity, the electricity developed in some animals, as the electric eel, torpedo, etc. -- Animal flower (Zoöl.), a name given to certain marine animals resembling a flower, as any species of actinia or sea anemone, and other Anthozoa, hydroids, starfishes, etc. -- Animal heat (Physiol.), the heat generated in the body of a living animal, by means of which the animal is kept at nearly a uniform temperature. -- Animal spirits. See under Spirit. -- Animal kingdom, the whole class of beings endowed with animal life. It embraces several subkingdoms, and under these there are Classes, Orders, Families, Genera, Species, and sometimes intermediate groupings, all in regular subordination, but variously arranged by different writers.

Note: The following are the grand divisions, or subkingdoms, and the principal classes under them, generally recognized at the present time: -Vertebrata, including Mammalia or Mammals, Aves or Birds, Reptilia, Amphibia, Pisces or Fishes, Marsipobranchiata (Craniota); and Leptocardia (Acrania). Tunicata, including the Thaliacea, and Ascidioidea or Ascidians. Articulata or Annulosa, including Insecta, Myriapoda, Malacapoda, Arachnida, Pycnogonida, Merostomata, Crustacea (Arthropoda); and Annelida, Gehyrea (Anarthropoda). Helminthes or Vermes, including Rotifera, Chætognatha, Nematoidea, Acanthocephala, Nemertina, Turbellaria, Trematoda, Cestoidea, Mesozea. Molluscoidea, including Brachiopoda and Bryozoa. Mollusca, including Cephalopoda, Gastropoda, Pteropoda, Scaphopoda, Lamellibranchiata or Acephala. Echinodermata, including Holothurioidea, Echinoidea, Asterioidea, Ophiuroidea, and Crinoidea. Coelenterata, including Anthozoa or Polyps, Ctenophora, and Hydrozoa or Acalephs. Spongiozoa or Porifera, including the sponges. Protozoa, including Infusoria and Rhizopoda. For definitions, see these names in the Vocabulary.

ANIMALCULAR; ANIMALCULINE An`i*mal"cu*lar, An`i*mal"cu*line, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, animalcules. "Animalcular life." Tyndall.

ANIMALCULE An`i*mal"cule, n. Etym: [As if fr. a L. animalculum, dim. of animal.]

1. A small animal, as a fly, spider, etc. [Obs.] Ray.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal, invisible, or nearly so, to the naked eye. See Infusoria.

Note: Many of the so-called animalcules have been shown to be plants, having locomotive powers something like those of animals. Among these are Volvox, the Desmidiacæ, and the siliceous Diatomaceæ. Spermatic animalcules. See Spermatozoa.

ANIMALCULISM An`i*mal"cu*lism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. animalculisme.] (Biol.)

Defn: The theory which seeks to explain certain physiological and pathological by means of animalcules.

ANIMALCULIST An`i*mal"cu*list, n. Etym: [Cf. F. animalculiste.]

1. One versed in the knowledge of animalcules. Keith.

2. A believer in the theory of animalculism.

ANIMALCULUM An`i*mal"cu*lum, n.; pl. Animalcula. Etym: [NL. See Animalcule.]

Defn: An animalcule.

Note: Animalculæ, as if from a Latin singular animalcula, is a barbarism.

ANIMALISH An"i*mal*ish, a.

Defn: Like an animal.

ANIMALISM An"i*mal*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. animalisme.]

Defn: The state, activity, or enjoyment of animals; mere animal life without intellectual or moral qualities; sensuality.

ANIMALITY An`i*mal"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. animalité.]

Defn: Animal existence or nature. Locke.

ANIMALIZATION An`i*mal*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. animalisation.]

1. The act of animalizing; the giving of animal life, or endowing with animal properties.

2. Conversion into animal matter by the process of assimilation. Owen.

ANIMALIZE An"i*mal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Animalized; p. pr. & vb. n. Animalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. animaliser.]

1. To endow with the properties of an animal; to represent in animal form. Warburton.

2. To convert into animal matter by the processes of assimilation.

3. To render animal or sentient; to reduce to the state of a lower animal; to sensualize. The unconscious irony of the Epicurean poet on the animalizing tendency of his own philosophy. Coleridge.

ANIMALLY An"i*mal*ly, adv.

Defn: Physically. G. Eliot.

ANIMALNESS An"i*mal*ness, n.

Defn: Animality. [R.]

ANIMASTIC An`i*mas"tic, a. Etym: [L. anima breath, life.]

Defn: Pertaining to mind or spirit; spiritual.

ANIMASTIC An`i*mas"tic, n.

Defn: Psychology. [Obs.]

ANIMATE An"i*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Animated; p. pr. & vb. n. Animating.] Etym: [L. animatus, p. p. of animare, fr. anima breath, soul; akin to animus soul, mind, Gr. an to breathe, live, Goth. us-anan to expire (us- out), Icel. önd breath, anda to breathe, OHG. ando anger. Cf. Animal.]

1. To give natural life to; to make alive; to quicken; as, the soul animates the body.

2. To give powers to, or to heighten the powers or effect of; as, to animate a lyre. Dryden.

3. To give spirit or vigor to; to stimulate or incite; to inspirit; to rouse; to enliven. The more to animate the people, he stood on high . . . and cried unto them with a loud voice. Knolles.

Syn. -- To enliven; inspirit; stimulate; exhilarate; inspire; instigate; rouse; urge; cheer; prompt; incite; quicken; gladden.

ANIMATE An"i*mate, a. Etym: [L. animatus, p. p.]

Defn: Endowed with life; alive; living; animated; lively. The admirable structure of animate bodies. Bentley.

ANIMATED An"i*ma`ted, a.

Defn: Endowed with life; full of life or spirit; indicating animation; lively; vigorous. "Animated sounds." Pope. "Animated bust." Gray. "Animated descriptions." Lewis.

ANIMATEDLY An"i*ma`ted*ly, adv.

Defn: With animation.

ANIMATER An"i*ma`ter, n.

Defn: One who animates. De Quincey.

ANIMATING An"i*ma"ting, a.

Defn: Causing animation; life-giving; inspiriting; rousing. "Animating cries." Pope. -- An"i*ma`ting*ly, adv.

ANIMATION An`i*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. animatio, fr. animare.]

1. The act of animating, or giving life or spirit; the state of being animate or alive. The animation of the same soul quickening the whole frame. Bp. Hall. Perhaps an inanimate thing supplies me, while I am speaking, with whatever I posses of animation. Landor.

2. The state of being lively, brisk, or full of spirit and vigor; vivacity; spiritedness; as, he recited the story with great animation. Suspended animation, temporary suspension of the vital functions, as in persons nearly drowned.

Syn. -- Liveliness; vivacity; spirit; buoyancy; airiness; sprightliness; promptitude; enthusiasm; ardor; earnestness; energy. See Liveliness.

ANIMATIVE An"i*ma*tive, a

Defn: Having the power of giving life or spirit. Johnson.

ANIMATOR An"i*ma`tor, n. Etym: [L. animare.]

Defn: One who, or that which, animates; an animater. Sir T. Browne.

ANIME A"ni*mé`, a. Etym: [F., animated.] (Her.)

Defn: Of a different tincture from the animal itself; -- said of the eyes of a rapacious animal. Brande & C.

ANIME A"ni*mé, n. Etym: [F. animé animated (from the insects that are entrapped in it); or native name.]

Defn: A resin exuding from a tropical American tree (Hymenæa courbaril), and much used by varnish makers. Ure.

ANIMISM An"i*mism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. animisme, fr. L. anima soul. See Animate.]

1. The doctrine, taught by Stahl, that the soul is the proper principle of life and development in the body.

2. The belief that inanimate objects and the phenomena of nature are endowed with personal life or a living soul; also, in an extended sense, the belief in the existence of soul or spirit apart from matter. Tylor.

ANIMIST An"i*mist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. animiste.]

Defn: One who maintains the doctrine of animism.

ANIMISTIC An`i*mis"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to animism. Huxley. Tylor.

ANIMOSE; ANIMOUS An`i*mose", An"i*mous, a. Etym: [L. animosus, fr. animus soul, spirit, courage.]

Defn: Full of spirit; hot; vehement; resolute. [Obs.] Ash.

ANIMOSENESS An`i*mose"ness, n.

Defn: Vehemence of temper. [Obs.]

ANIMOSITY An`i*mos"i*ty, n.; pl. Animosities. Etym: [F. animosité, fr. L. animositas. See Animose, Animate, v. t.]

1. Mere spiritedness or courage. [Obs.] Skelton. Such as give some proof of animosity, audacity, and execution, those she [the crocodile] loveth. Holland.

2. Violent hatred leading to active opposition; active enmity; energetic dislike. Macaulay.

Syn. -- Enmity; hatred; opposition. -- Animosity, Enmity. Enmity be dormant or concealed; animosity is active enmity, inflamed by collision and mutual injury between opposing parties. The animosities which were continually springing up among the clans in Scotland kept that kingdom in a state of turmoil and bloodshed for successive ages. The animosities which have been engendered among Christian sects have always been the reproach of the church. Such [writings] as naturally conduce to inflame hatreds and make enmities irreconcilable. Spectator. [These] factions . . . never suspended their animosities till they ruined that unhappy government. Hume.

ANIMUS An"i*mus, n.; pl. Animi. Etym: [L., mind.]

Defn: Animating spirit; intention; temper. nimus furandi Etym: [L.] (Law), intention of stealing.

ANION An"i*on, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: An electro-negative element, or the element which, in electro- chemical decompositions, is evolved at the anode; -- opposed to cation. Faraday.

ANISE An"ise, n. Etym: [OE. anys, F. anis, L. anisum, anethum, fr. Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An umbelliferous plant (Pimpinella anisum) growing naturally in Egypt, and cultivated in Spain, Malta, etc., for its carminative and aromatic seeds.

2. The fruit or seeds of this plant.

ANISEED An"i*seed, n.

Defn: The seed of the anise; also, a cordial prepared from it. "Oil of aniseed." Brande & C.

ANISETTE An`i*sette", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A French cordial or liqueur flavored with anise seeds. De Colange.

ANISIC A*nis"ic, a.

Defn: Of or derived from anise; as, anisic acid; anisic alcohol.

ANISOCORIA An`i*so*co"ri*a, n. [NL., fr. Gr. + pupil.] (Med.)

Defn: Inequality of the pupils of the eye.

ANISODACTYLA; ANISODACTYLS An`i*so*dac"ty*la, An`i*so*dac"tyls, n. pl. Etym: [NL. anisodactyla, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.) (a) A group of herbivorous mammals characterized by having the hoofs in a single series around the foot, as the elephant, rhinoceros, etc. (b) A group of perching birds which are anisodactylous.

ANISODACTYLOUS An`i*so*dac"ty*lous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Characterized by unequal toes, three turned forward and one backward, as in most passerine birds.

ANISOL An"i*sol, n. [Anisic + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: Methyl phenyl ether, C6H5OCH3, got by distilling anisic acid or by the action of methide on potassium phenolate.

ANISOMERIC An`i*so*mer"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Not isomeric; not made of the same components in the same proportions.

ANISOMEROUS An`i*som"er*ous, a. Etym: [See Anisomeric.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the number of floral organs unequal, as four petals and six stamens.

ANISOMETRIC An`i*so*met"ric, a. Etym: [Gr. isometric.]

Defn: Not isometric; having unsymmetrical parts; -- said of crystals with three unequal axes. Dana.

ANISOMETROPIA An`i*so*me*tro"pi*a, n. [NL., fr. Gr. + measure + , , eye.]

Defn: Unequal refractive power in the two eyes.

ANISOPETALOUS An`i*so*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having unequal petals.

ANISOPHYLLOUS An`i*soph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having unequal leaves.

ANISOPLEURA An`i*so*pleu"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A primary division of gastropods, including those having spiral shells. The two sides of the body are unequally developed.

ANISOPODA An`i*sop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Crustacea, which, in some its characteristics, is intermediate between Amphipoda and Isopoda.

ANISOSPORE An"i*so*spore`, n. [Gr. priv. + isospore.] (Biol.)

Defn: A sexual spore in which the sexes differ in size; -- opposed to isospore.

ANISOSTEMONOUS An`i*so*stem"o*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having unequal stamens; having stamens different in number from the petals.

ANISOSTHENIC An`i*so*sthen"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of unequal strength.

ANISOTROPE; ANISOTROPIC An"i*so*trope`, An`i*so*trop"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physics)

Defn: Not isotropic; having different properties in different directions; thus, crystals of the isometric system are optically isotropic, but all other crystals are anisotropic.

ANISOTROPOUS An`i*sot"ro*pous, a.

Defn: Anisotropic.

ANISYL An"i*syl, n. (Org. Chem.) (a) The univalent radical, CH3OC6H4, of which anisol is the hydride. (b) The univalent radical CH3OC6H4CH2; as, anisyl alcohol. (c) The univalent radical CH3OC6H4CO, of anisic acid.

ANITO A*ni"to, n.; pl. -tos (#). [Sp.]

Defn: In Guam and the Philippines, an idol, fetich, or spirit.

ANKER An"ker, n. Etym: [D. anker: cf. LL. anceria, ancheria.]

Defn: A liquid measure in various countries of Europe. The Dutch anker, formerly also used in England, contained about 10 of the old wine gallons, or 8

ANKERITE An"ker*ite, n. Etym: [So called from Prof. Anker of Austria: cf. F. ankérite, G. ankerit.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral closely related to dolomite, but containing iron.

ANKH Ankh, n. [Egypt.] (Egypt. Archæol.)

Defn: A tau cross with a loop at the top, used as an attribute or sacred emblem, symbolizing generation or enduring life. Called also crux ansata.

ANKLE An"kle, n. Etym: [OE. ancle, anclow, AS. ancleow; akin to Icel. ökkla, ökli, Dan. and Sw. ankel, D. enklaauw, enkel, G. enkel, and perh. OHG. encha, ancha thigh, shin: cf. Skr. anga limb, anguri finger. Cf. Haunch.]

Defn: The joint which connects the foot with the leg; the tarsus. Ankle bone, the bone of the ankle; the astragalus.

ANKLED An"kled, a.

Defn: Having ankles; -- used in composition; as, well-ankled. Beau. & Fl.

ANKLET An"klet, n.

Defn: An ornament or a fetter for the ankle; an ankle ring.

ANKUS An"kus, n. [Hind., fr. Skr. ankuça.]

Defn: An elephant goad with a sharp spike and hook, resembling a short-handled boat hook. [India] Kipling.

ANKYLOSE An"ky*lose, v. t. & i.

Defn: Same as Anchylose.

ANKYLOSIS An`ky*lo"sis, n.

Defn: Same as Anchylosis.

ANKYLOSTOMIASIS An`ky*los*to*mi"a*sis, n. [NL., fr. Ankylostoma, var. of Agchylostoma, generic name of one genus of the parasitic nematodes.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease due to the presence of the parasites Agchylostoma duodenale, Uncinaria (subgenus Necator) americana, or allied nematodes, in the small intestine. When present in large numbers they produce a severe anæmia by sucking the blood from the intestinal walls. Called also miner's anæmia, tunnel disease, brickmaker's anæmia, Egyptian chlorosis.

ANLACE An"lace, n. Etym: [Origin unknown.]

Defn: A broad dagger formerly worn at the girdle. [Written also anelace.]

ANLAUT An"laut`, n. [G.; an on + laut sound.] (Phon.)

Defn: An initial sound, as of a word or syllable.

-- Im anlaut, initially; when initial; --used of sounds.

ANN; ANNAT Ann, An"nat, n. Etym: [LL. annata income of a year, also, of half a year, fr. L. annus year: cf. F. annate annats.] (Scots Law)

Defn: A half years's stipend, over and above what is owing for the incumbency, due to a minister's heirs after his decease.

ANNA An"na, n. Etym: [Hindi ana.]

Defn: An East Indian money of account, the sixteenth of a rupee, or about 2

ANNAL An"nal, n.

Defn: See Annals.

ANNALIST An"nal*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. annaliste.]

Defn: A writer of annals. The monks . . . were the only annalists in those ages. Hume.

ANNALISTIC An`nal*is"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or after the manner of, an annalist; as, the dry annalistic style."A stiff annalistic method." Sir G. C. Lewis.

ANNALIZE An"nal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To record in annals. Sheldon.

ANNALS An"nals, n. pl. Etym: [L. annalis (sc. liber), and more frequently in the pl. annales (sc. libri), chronicles, fr. annus year. Cf. Annual.]

1. A relation of events in chronological order, each event being recorded under the year in which it happened. "Annals the revolution." Macaulay. "The annals of our religion." Rogers.

2. Historical records; chronicles; history. The short and simple annals of the poor. Gray. It was one of the most critical periods in our annals. Burke.

3. sing.

Defn: The record of a single event or item. "In deathless annal." Young.

4. A periodic publication, containing records of discoveries, transactions of societies, etc.; as "Annals of Science."

Syn. -- History. See History.

ANNATS; ANNATES An"nats, An"nates, n. pl. Etym: [See Ann.] (Eccl. Law)

Defn: The first year's profits of a spiritual preferment, anciently paid by the clergy to the pope; first fruits. In England, they now form a fund for the augmentation of poor livings.

ANNEAL An*neal", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annealed; p. pr. & vb. n. Annealing.] Etym: [OE. anelen to heat, burn, AS. an; an on + to burn; also OE. anelen to enamel, prob. influenced by OF. neeler, nieler, to put a black enamel on gold or silver, F. nieller, fr. LL. nigellare to blacken, fr. L. nigellus blackish, dim. of niger black. Cf. Niello, Negro.]

1. To subject to great heat, and then cool slowly, as glass, cast iron, steel, or other metal, for the purpose of rendering it less brittle; to temper; to toughen.

2. To heat, as glass, tiles, or earthenware, in order to fix the colors laid on them.

ANNEALER An*neal"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, anneals.

ANNEALING An*neal"ing, n.

1. The process used to render glass, iron, etc., less brittle, performed by allowing them to cool very gradually from a high heat.

2. The burning of metallic colors into glass, earthenware, etc.

ANNECTENT An*nec"tent, a. Etym: [L. annectere to tie or bind to. See Annex.]

Defn: Connecting; annexing. Owen.

ANNELID; ANNELIDAN An`ne*lid, An*nel"i*dan, a. Etym: [F. annélide, fr. anneler to arrange in rings, OF. anel a ring, fr. L. anellus a ring, dim. of annulus a ring.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Annelida. -- n.

Defn: One of the Annelida.

ANNELIDA An*nel"i*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Annelid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of the Articulata, having the body formed of numerous rings or annular segments, and without jointed legs. The principal subdivisions are the Chætopoda, including the Oligochæta or earthworms and Polychæta or marine worms; and the Hirudinea or leeches. See Chætopoda.

ANNELIDOUS An*nel"i*dous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of the nature of an annelid.

ANNELLATA An`nel*la"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Annelida.

ANNELOID An"ne*loid, n. Etym: [F. annelé ringed + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal resembling an annelid.

ANNEX An*nex", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annexed; p. pr. & vb. n. Annexing.] Etym: [F. annexer, fr. L. annexus, p. p. of annectere to tie or bind to; ad + nectere to tie, to fasten together, akin to Skr. nah to bind.]

1. To join or attach; usually to subjoin; to affix; to append; -- followed by to. "He annexed a codicil to a will." Johnson.

2. To join or add, as a smaller thing to a greater. He annexed a province to his kingdom. Johnson.

3. To attach or connect, as a consequence, condition, etc.; as, to annex a penalty to a prohibition, or punishment to guilt.

Syn. -- To add; append; affix; unite; coalesce. See Add.

ANNEX An*nex", v. i.

Defn: To join; to be united. Tooke.

ANNEX An*nex", n. Etym: [F. annexe, L. annexus, neut. annexum, p. p. of annectere.]

Defn: Something annexed or appended; as, an additional stipulation to a writing, a subsidiary building to a main building; a wing.

ANNEXATION An`nex*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. annexation. See Annex, v. t.]

1. The act of annexing; process of attaching, adding, or appending; the act of connecting; union; as, the annexation of Texas to the United States, or of chattels to the freehold.

2. (a) (Law) The union of property with a freehold so as to become a fixture. Bouvier. (b) (Scots Law) The appropriation of lands or rents to the crown. Wharton.

ANNEXATIONIST An`nex*a"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who favors annexation.

ANNEXER An*nex"er, n.

Defn: One who annexes.

ANNEXION An*nex"ion, n. Etym: [L. annexio a tying to, connection: cf. F. annexion.]

Defn: Annexation. [R.] Shak.

ANNEXIONIST An*nex"ion*ist, n.

Defn: An annexationist. [R.]

ANNEXMENT An*nex"ment, n.

Defn: The act of annexing, or the thing annexed; appendage. [R.] Shak.

ANNIHILABLE An*ni"hi*la*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being annihilated.

ANNIHILATE An*ni"hi*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annihilated; p. pr. & vb. n. Annihilating.] Etym: [L. annihilare; ad + nihilum, nihil, nothing, ne hilum (filum) not a thread, nothing at all. Cf. File, a row.]

1. To reduce to nothing or nonexistence; to destroy the existence of; to cause to cease to be. It impossible for any body to be utterly annihilated. Bacon.

2. To destroy the form or peculiar distinctive properties of, so that the specific thing no longer exists; as, to annihilate a forest by cutting down the trees. "To annihilate the army." Macaulay.

3. To destroy or eradicate, as a property or attribute of a thing; to make of no effect; to destroy the force, etc., of; as, to annihilate an argument, law, rights, goodness.

ANNIHILATE An*ni"hi*late, a.

Defn: Anhilated. [Archaic] Swift.

ANNIHILATION An*ni`hi*la"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. annihilation.]

1. The act of reducing to nothing, or nonexistence; or the act of destroying the form or combination of parts under which a thing exists, so that the name can no longer be applied to it; as, the annihilation of a corporation.

2. The state of being annihilated. Hooker.

ANNIHILATIONIST An*ni`hi*la"tion*ist, n. (Theol.)

Defn: One who believes that eternal punishment consists in annihilation or extinction of being; a destructionist.

ANNIHILATIVE An*ni"hi*la*tive, a.

Defn: Serving to annihilate; destructive.

ANNIHILATOR An*ni"hi*la`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, annihilates; as, a fire annihilator.

ANNIHILATORY An*ni"hi*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Annihilative.

ANNIVERSARILY An`ni*ver"sa*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: Annually. [R.] Bp. Hall.

ANNIVERSARY An`ni*ver"sa*ry, a. Etym: [L. anniversarius; annus year + vertere, versum, to turn: cf. F. anniversaire.]

Defn: Returning with the year, at a stated time; annual; yearly; as, an anniversary feast. Anniversary day (R. C. Ch.). See Anniversary, n., 2. -- Anniversary week, that week in the year in which the annual meetings of religious and benevolent societies are held in Boston and New York. [Eastern U. S.]

ANNIVERSARY An`ni*ver"sa*ry, n.; pl. Anniversaries. Etym: [Cf. F. anniversaire.]

1. The annual return of the day on which any notable event took place, or is wont to be celebrated; as, the anniversary of the Declaration of Independence.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The day on which Mass is said yearly for the soul of a deceased person; the commemoration of some sacred event, as the dedication of a church or the consecration of a pope.

3. The celebration which takes place on an anniversary day. Dryden.

ANNIVERSE An"ni*verse, n. Etym: [L. anni versus the turning of a year.]

Defn: Anniversary. [Obs.] Dryden.

ANNODATED An"no*da`ted, a. Etym: [L. ad to + nodus a knot.] (Her.)

Defn: Curved somewhat in the form of the letter S. Cussans.

ANNO DOMINI An"no Dom"i*ni. Etym: [L., in the year of [our] Lord [Jesus Christ]; usually abbrev. a. d.]

Defn: In the year of the Christian era; as, a. d. 1887.

ANNOMINATE An*nom"i*nate, v. t.

Defn: To name. [R.]

ANNOMINATION An*nom`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. annominatio. See Agnomination.]

1. Paronomasia; punning.

2. Alliteration. [Obs.] Tyrwhitt.

ANNOTATE An"no*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annotated; p. pr. & vb. n. Annotating.] Etym: [L. annotatus; p. p. of annotare to annotate; ad + notare to mark, nota mark. See Note, n.]

Defn: To explain or criticize by notes; as, to annotate the works of Bacon.

ANNOTATE An"no*tate, v. i.

Defn: To make notes or comments; -- with on or upon.

ANNOTATION An`no*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. annotatio: cf. F. annotation.]

Defn: A note, added by way of comment, or explanation; -- usually in the plural; as, annotations on ancient authors, or on a word or a passage.

ANNOTATIONIST An`no*ta"tion*ist, n.

Defn: An annotator. [R.]

ANNOTATIVE An"no*ta*tive, a.

Defn: Characterized by annotations; of the nature of annotation.

ANNOTATOR An"no*ta`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A writer of annotations; a commentator.

ANNOTATORY An*no"ta*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an annotator; containing annotations. [R.]

ANNOTINE An"no*tine, n. Etym: [L. annotinus a year old.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird one year old, or that has once molted.

ANNOTINOUS An*not"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. annotinus, fr. annus year.] (Bot.)

Defn: A year old; in Yearly growths.

ANNOTTO; ARNOTTO An*not"to, Ar*not"to, n. Etym: [Perh. the native name.]

Defn: A red or yellowish-red dyeing material, prepared from the pulp surrounding the seeds of a tree (Bixa orellana) belonging to the tropical regions of America. It is used for coloring cheese, butter, etc. [Written also Anatto, Anatta, Annatto, Annotta, etc.]

ANNOUNCE An*nounce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Announced; p. pr. & vb. n. Announcing.] Etym: [OF. anoncier, F. annoncer, fr. L. annuntiare; ad + nuntiare to report, relate, nuntius messenger, bearer of news. See Nuncio, and cf. Annunciate.]

1. To give public notice, or first notice of; to make known; to publish; to proclaim. Her [Q. Elizabeth's] arrival was announced through the country by a peal of cannon from the ramparts. Gilpin.

2. To pronounce; to declare by judicial sentence. Publish laws, announce Or life or death. Prior.

Syn. -- To proclaim; publish; make known; herald; declare; promulgate. -- To Publish, Announce, Proclaim, Promulgate. We publish what we give openly to the world, either by oral communication or by means of the press; as, to publish abroad the faults of our neighbors. We announce what we declare by anticipation, or make known for the first time; as, to announce the speedy publication of a book; to announce the approach or arrival of a distinguished personage. We proclaim anything to which we give the widest publicity; as, to proclaim the news of victory. We promulgate when we proclaim more widely what has before been known by some; as, to promulgate the gospel.

ANNOUNCEMENT An*nounce"ment, n.

Defn: The act of announcing, or giving notice; that which announces; proclamation; publication.

ANNOUNCER An*noun"cer, n.

Defn: One who announces.

ANNOY An*noy", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annoyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Annoying.] Etym: [OE. anoien, anuien, OF. anoier, anuier, F. ennuyer, fr. OF. anoi, anui, enui, annoyance, vexation, F. ennui. See Annoy, n.] To disturb or irritate, especially by continued or repeated acts; to tease; to ruffle in mind; to vex; as, I was annoyed by his remarks. Say, what can more our tortured souls annoy Than to behold, admire, and lose our joy Prior.

2. To molest, incommode, or harm; as, to annoy an army by impeding its march, or by a cannonade.

Syn. -- To molest; vex; trouble; pester; embarrass; perplex; tease.

ANNOY An*noy", n. Etym: [OE. anoi, anui, OF. anoi, anui, enui, fr. L. in odio hatred (esse alicui in odio, Cic.). See Ennui, Odium, Noisome, Noy.]

Defn: A feeling of discomfort or vexation caused by what one dislikes; also, whatever causes such a feeling; as, to work annoy. Worse than Tantalus' is her annoy. Shak.

ANNOYANCE An*noy"ance, n. Etym: [OF. anoiance, anuiance.]

1. The act of annoying, or the state of being annoyed; molestation; vexation; annoy. A deep clay, giving much annoyance to passengers. Fuller. For the further annoyance and terror of any besieged place, they would throw into it dead bodies. Wilkins.

2. That which annoys. A grain, a dust, a gnat, a wandering hair, Any annoyance in that precious sense. Shak.

ANNOYER An*noy"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, annoys.

ANNOYFUL An*noy"ful, a.

Defn: Annoying. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ANNOYING An*noy"ing, a.

Defn: That annoys; molesting; vexatious. -- An*noy"ing*ly, adv.

ANNOYOUS An*noy"ous, a. Etym: [OF. enuius, anoios.]

Defn: Troublesome; annoying. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ANNUAL An"nu*al, a. Etym: [OE. annuel, F. annuel, fr. L. annualis, fr. annus year. Cf. Annals.]

1. Of or pertaining to a year; returning every year; coming or happening once in the year; yearly. The annual overflowing of the river [Nile]. Ray.

2. Performed or accomplished in a year; reckoned by the year; as, the annual motion of the earth. A thousand pound a year, annual support. Shak.

2. Lasting or continuing only one year or one growing season; requiring to be renewed every year; as, an annual plant; annual tickets. Bacon.

ANNUAL An"nu*al, n.

1. A thing happening or returning yearly; esp. a literary work published once a year.

2. Anything, especially a plant, that lasts but one year or season; an annual plant. Oaths . . . in some sense almost annuals; . . . and I myself can remember about forty different sets. Swift.

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A Mass for a deceased person or for some special object, said daily for a year or on the anniversary day.

ANNUALIST An"nu*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who writes for, or who edits, an annual. [R.]

ANNUALLY An"nu*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Yearly; year by year.

ANNUARY An"nu*a*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. annuaire.]

Defn: Annual. [Obs.] -- n.

Defn: A yearbook.

ANNUELER An"nu*el*er, n.

Defn: A priest employed in saying annuals, or anniversary Masses. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ANNUENT An"nu*ent, a. Etym: [L. annuens, p. pr. of annuere; ad + nuere to nod.]

Defn: Nodding; as, annuent muscles (used in nodding).

ANNUITANT An*nu"i*tant, n. Etym: [See Annuity.]

Defn: One who receives, or its entitled to receive, an annuity. Lamb.

ANNUITY An*nu"i*ty, n.; pl. Annuities. Etym: [LL. annuitas, fr. L. annus year: cf. F. annuité.]

Defn: A sum of money, payable yearly, to continue for a given number of years, for life, or forever; an annual allowance.

ANNUL An*nul", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annulled; p. pr. & vb. n. Annulling.] Etym: [F. annuler, LL. annullare, annulare, fr. L. ad to + nullus none, nullum, neut., nothing. See Null, a.]

1. To reduce to nothing; to obliterate. Light, the prime work of God, to me's extinct. And all her various objects of delight Annulled. Milton.

2. To make void or of no effect; to nullify; to abolish; to do away with; -- used appropriately of laws, decrees, edicts, decisions of courts, or other established rules, permanent usages, and the like, which are made void by component authority. Do they mean to annul laws of inestimable value to our liberties Burke.

Syn. -- To abolish; abrogate; repeal; cancel; reverse; rescind; revoke; nullify; destroy. See Abolish.

ANNULAR An"nu*lar, a. Etym: [L. annularis, fr. annulis ring: cf. F. annulaire.]

1. Pertaining to, or having the form of, a ring; forming a ring; ringed; ring-shaped; as, annular fibers.

2. Banded or marked with circles. Annular eclipse (Astron.), an eclipse of the sun in which the moon at the middle of the eclipse conceals the central part of the sun's disk, leaving a complete ring of light around the border.

ANNULARITY An`nu*lar"i*ty, n.

Defn: Annular condition or form; as, the annularity of a nebula. J. Rogers.

ANNULARRY An"nu*lar*ry, adv.

Defn: In an annular manner.

ANNULARY An"nu*la*ry, a. Etym: [L. annularis. See Annular.]

Defn: Having the form of a ring; annular. Ray.

ANNULATA An`nu*la"ta, n. pl. Etym: [Neut. pl., fr. L. annulatus ringed.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A class of articulate animals, nearly equivalent to Annelida, including the marine annelids, earthworms, Gephyrea, Gymnotoma, leeches, etc. See Annelida.

ANNULATE An"nu*late, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Annulata.

ANNULATE; ANNULATED An"nu*late, An"nu*la`ted a. Etym: [L. annulatus.]

1. Furnished with, or composed of, rings; ringed; surrounded by rings of color.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Annulata.

ANNULATION An`nu*la"tion, n.

Defn: A circular or ringlike formation; a ring or belt. Nicholson.

ANNULET An"nu*let, n. Etym: [Dim. of annulus.]

1. A little ring. Tennyson.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A small, flat fillet, encircling a column, etc., used by itself, or with other moldings. It is used, several times repeated, under the Doric capital.

3. (Her.)

Defn: A little circle borne as a charge.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A narrow circle of some distinct color on a surface or round an organ.

ANNULLABLE An*nul"la*ble, a.

Defn: That may be Annulled.

ANNULLER An*nul"ler, n.

Defn: One who annuls. [R.]

ANNULMENT An*nul"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. annulement.]

Defn: The act of annulling; abolition; invalidation.

ANNULOID An"nu*loid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Annuloida.

ANNULOIDA An`nu*loid"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. annulus ring + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of the Articulata, including the annelids and allied groups; sometimes made to include also the helminths and echinoderms. [Written also Annuloidea.]

ANNULOSA An"nu*lo"sa, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of the Invertebrata, nearly equivalent to the Articulata. It includes the Arthoropoda and Anarthropoda. By some zoölogists it is applied to the former only.

ANNULOSAN An`nu*lo"san, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Annulosa.

ANNULOSE An"nu*lose` (, a. Etym: [L. annulus ring.]

1. Furnished with, or composed of, rings or ringlike segments; ringed.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Annulosa.

ANNULUS An"nu*lus, n.; pl. Annuli. Etym: [L.]

1. A ring; a ringlike part or space.

2. (Geom.) (a) A space contained between the circumferences of two circles, one within the other. (b) The solid formed by a circle revolving around a line which is the plane of the circle but does not cut it.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Ring-shaped structures or markings, found in, or upon, various animals.

ANNUMERATE An*nu"mer*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. annumeratus, p. p. of annumerare. See Numerate.]

Defn: To add on; to count in. [Obs.] Wollaston.

ANNUMERATION An*nu`mer*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. annumeratio.]

Defn: Addition to a former number. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ANNUNCIABLE An*nun"ci*a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be announced or declared; declarable. [R.]

ANNUNCIATE An*nun"ci*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annunciated; p. pr. & vb. n. Annunciating.] Etym: [L. annuntiare. See Announce.]

Defn: To announce.

ANNUNCIATE An*nun"ci*ate, p. p. & a.

Defn: Foretold; preannounced. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ANNUNCIATION An*nun`ci*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. annuntiatio: cf. F. annonciation.]

1. The act of announcing; announcement; proclamation; as, the annunciation of peace.

2. (Eccl.) (a) The announcement of the incarnation, made by the angel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary. (b) The festival celebrated (March 25th) by the Church of England, of Rome, etc., in memory of the angel's announcement, on that day; Lady Day.

ANNUNCIATION LILY An*nun`ci*a"tion lil"y. (Bot.)

Defn: The common white lily (Lilium candidum). So called because it is usually introduced by painters in pictures of the Annunciation.

ANNUNCIATIVE An*nun"ci*a*tive, a.

Defn: Pertaining to annunciation; announcing. [R.] Dr. H. More.

ANNUNCIATOR An*nun"ci*a`tor, n. Etym: [L. annuntiator.]

1. One who announces. Specifically: An officer in the church of Constantinople, whose business it was to inform the people of the festivals to be celebrated.

2. An indicator (as in a hotel) which designates the room where attendance is wanted.

ANNUNCIATORY An*nun"ci*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, announcement; making known. [R.]

ANOA A*noa", n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small wild ox of Celebes (Anoa depressicornis), allied to the buffalo, but having long nearly straight horns.

ANODE An"ode, n. Etym: [Gr. (Elec.)

Defn: The positive pole of an electric battery, or more strictly the electrode by which the current enters the electrolyte on its way to the other pole; -- opposed to cathode.

ANODON An"o*don, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fresh-water bivalves, having to teeth at the hinge. [Written also Anodonta.]

ANODYNE An"o*dyne, a. Etym: [L. anodynus, Gr. anodin.]

Defn: Serving to assuage pain; soothing. The anodyne draught of oblivion. Burke.

Note: "The word [in a medical sense] in chiefly applied to the different preparations of opium, belladonna, hyoscyamus, and lettuce." Am. Cyc.

ANODYNE An"o*dyne, n. Etym: [L. anodynon. See Anodyne, a.]

Defn: Any medicine which allays pain, as an opiate or narcotic; anything that soothes disturbed feelings.

ANODYNOUS An"o*dy`nous, a.

Defn: Anodyne.

ANOETIC An`o*et"ic, a. [Gr. unthinkable; priv. + perceptible, thinkable.]

1. Unthinkable. [Rare]

2. (Psychol.) Not subject to conscious attention; having an indefinite, relatively passive, conscious being; characteristic of the "fringe" or "margin" of consciousness.

Presentation considered as having an existence relatively independent of thought, may be called sentience, or anoetic consciousness. Thought and sentience are fundamentally distinct mental functions. G. F. Stout.

ANOIL A*noil", v. t. Etym: [OF. enoilier.]

Defn: The anoint with oil. [Obs.] Holinshed.

ANOINT A*noint", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anointed; p. pr. & vb. n. Anointing.] Etym: [OF. enoint, p. p. of enoindre, fr. L. inungere; in + ungere, unguere, to smear, anoint. See Ointment, Unguent.]

1. To smear or rub over with oil or an unctuous substance; also, to spread over, as oil. And fragrant oils the stiffened limbs anoint. Dryden. He anointed the eyes of the blind man with the clay. John ix. 6.

2. To apply oil to or to pour oil upon, etc., as a sacred rite, especially for consecration. Then shalt thou take the anointing oil, and pour it upon his [Aaron's] head and anoint him. Exod. xxix. 7. Anoint Hazael to be king over Syria. 1 Kings xix. 15. The Lord's Anointed, Christ or the Messiah; also, a Jewish or other king by "divine right." 1 Sam. xxvi. 9.

ANOINT A*noint", p. p.

Defn: Anointed. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ANOINTER A*noint"er, n.

Defn: One who anoints.

ANOINTMENT A*noint"ment, n.

Defn: The act of anointing, or state of being anointed; also, an ointment. Milton.

ANOLIS A*no"lis, n. Etym: [In the Antilles, anoli, anoalli, a lizard.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of lizards which belong to the family Iguanidæ. They take the place in the New World of the chameleons in the Old, and in America are often called chameleons.

ANOMAL A*nom"al, n.

Defn: Anything anomalous. [R.]

ANOMALIPED; ANOMALIPEDE A*nom"a*li*ped(#), A*nom"a*li*pede, a. Etym: [L. anomalus irregular + pes, pedis, foot.]

Defn: Having anomalous feet.

ANOMALIPED A*nom"a*li*ped, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a group of perching birds, having the middle toe more or less united to the outer and inner ones.

ANOMALISM A*nom"a*lism, n.

Defn: An anomaly; a deviation from rule. Hooker.

ANOMALISTIC; ANOMALISTICAL A*nom`a*lis"tic, A*nom`a*lis"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. anomalistique.]

1. Irregular; departing from common or established rules.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: Pertaining to the anomaly, or angular distance of a planet from its perihelion. Anomalistic month. See under Month. -- Anomalistic revolution, the period in which a planet or satellite goes through the complete cycles of its changes of anomaly, or from any point in its elliptic orbit to the same again. -- Anomalistic, or Periodical year. See under Year.

ANOMALISTICALLY A*nom`a*lis"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: With irregularity.

ANOMALOFLOROUS A*nom`a*lo*flo"rous, a. Etym: [L. anomalus irregular + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having anomalous flowers.

ANOMALOUS A*nom"a*lous, a Etym: [L. anomalus, Gr. Same, and cf. Abnormal.]

Defn: Deviating from a general rule, method, or analogy; abnormal; irregular; as, an anomalous proceeding.

ANOMALOUSLY A*nom"a*lous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an anomalous manner.

ANOMALOUSNESS A*nom"a*lous*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being anomalous.

ANOMALY A*nom"a*ly, n.; pl. Anomalies. Etym: [L. anomalia, Gr. Anomalous.]

1. Deviation from the common rule; an irregularity; anything anomalous. We are enabled to unite into a consistent whole the various anomalies and contending principles that are found in the minds and affairs of men. Burke. As Professor Owen has remarked, there is no greater anomaly in nature than a bird that can not fly. Darwin.

2. (Astron.) (a) The angular distance of a planet from its perihelion, as seen from the sun. This is the true anomaly. The eccentric anomaly is a corresponding angle at the center of the elliptic orbit of the planet. The mean anomaly is what the anomaly would be if the planet's angular motion were uniform. (b) The angle measuring apparent irregularities in the motion of a planet.

3. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Any deviation from the essential characteristics of a specific type.

ANOMIA A*no"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of bivalve shells, allied to the oyster, so called from their unequal valves, of which the lower is perforated for attachment.

ANOMOPHYLLOUS An`o*moph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having leaves irregularly placed.

ANOMURA; ANOMOURA An`o*mu"ra, An`o*mou"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of decapod Crustacea, of which the hermit crab in an example.

ANOMURAL; ANOMURAN An`o*mu"ral, An`o*mu"ran, a.

Defn: Irregular in the character of the tail or abdomen; as, the anomural crustaceans. [Written also anomoural, anomouran.]

ANOMURAN An`o*mu"ran, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Anomura.

ANOMY An"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. Anomia.]

Defn: Disregard or violation of law. [R.] Glanvill.

ANON A*non", adv. Etym: [OE. anoon, anon, anan, lit., in one (moment), fr. AS. on in + an one. See On and One.]

1. Straightway; at once. [Obs.] The same is he that heareth the word, and anon with joy receiveth it. Matt. xiii. 20.

2. Soon; in a little while. As it shall better appear anon. Stow.

3. At another time; then; again. Sometimes he trots, . . . anon he rears upright. Shak. Anon right, at once; right off. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Ever and anon, now and then; frequently; often. A pouncet box, which ever and anon He gave his nose. Shak.

ANONA A*no"na, n. Etym: [NL. Cf. Ananas.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of tropical or subtropical plants of the natural order Anonaceæ, including the soursop.

ANONACEOUS An`o*na"ceous, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the order of plants including the soursop, custard apple, etc.

ANONYM An"o*nym, n. Etym: [F. anonyme. See Anonymous.]

1. One who is anonymous; also sometimes used for "pseudonym."

2. A notion which has no name, or which can not be expressed by a single English word. [R.] J. R. Seeley.

ANONYMITY An`o*nym"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being anonymous; anonymousness; also, that which anonymous. [R.] He rigorously insisted upon the rights of anonymity. Carlyle.

ANONYMOUS A*non"y*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. Name.]

Defn: Nameless; of unknown name; also, of unknown /or unavowed authorship; as, an anonymous benefactor; an anonymous pamphlet or letter.

ANONYMOUSLY A*non"y*mous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an anonymous manner; without a name. Swift.

ANONYMOUSNESS A*non"y*mous*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being anonymous. Coleridge.

ANOPHELES A*noph"e*les (a*nof"e*lez), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'anwfelh`s useless, hurtful.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of mosquitoes which are secondary hosts of the malaria parasites, and whose bite is the usual, if not the only, means of infecting human beings with malaria. Several species are found in the United States. They may be distinguished from the ordinary mosquitoes of the genus Culex by the long slender palpi, nearly equaling the beak in length, while those of the female Culex are very short. They also assume different positions when resting, Culex usually holding the body parallel to the surface on which it rests and keeping the head and beak bent at an angle, while Anopheles holds the body at an angle with the surface and the head and beak in line with it. Unless they become themselves infected by previously biting a subject affected with malaria, the insects cannot transmit the disease.

ANOPHYTE An"o*phyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A moss or mosslike plant which cellular stems, having usually an upward growth and distinct leaves.

ANOPLA An"o*pla, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the two orders of Nemerteans. See Nemertina.

ANOPLOTHERE; ANOPLOTHERIUM An*op"lo*there, An`o*plo*the"ri*um, n. Etym: [From Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of extinct quadrupeds of the order Ungulata, whose were first found in the gypsum quarries near Paris; characterized by the shortness and feebleness of their canine teeth (whence the name).

ANOPLURA An`o*plu"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of insects which includes the lice.

ANOPSIA; ANOPSY A*nop"si*a, An"op`sy, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Want or defect of sight; blindness.

ANOREXIA; ANOREXY An`o*rex"i*a, An"o*rex`y n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Want of appetite, without a loathing of food. Coxe.

ANORMAL A*nor"mal, a. Etym: [F. anormal. See Abnormal, Normal.]

Defn: Not according to rule; abnormal. [Obs.]

ANORN A*norn, v. t. Etym: [OF. aörner, aöurner, fr. L. adornare to adorn. The form a-ourne was corrupted into anourne.]

Defn: To adorn. [Obs.] Bp. Watson.

ANORTHIC A*nor"thic, a. Etym: [See Anorthite.] (Min.)

Defn: Having unequal oblique axes; as, anorthic crystals.

ANORTHITE A*nor"thite, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A mineral of the feldspar family, commonly occurring in small glassy crystals, also a constituent of some igneous rocks. It is a lime feldspar. See Feldspar.

ANORTHOCLASE A*nor"tho*clase, n. [Gr. priv. + orthoclase.] (Min.)

Defn: A feldspar closely related to orthoclase, but triclinic. It is chiefly a silicate of sodium, potassium, and aluminium. Sp. gr., 2.57 -- 2.60.

ANORTHOPIA An`or*tho"pi*a, n. [NL., fr. Gr. priv. + ortho- + Gr. , , the eye.] (Med.)

Defn: Distorted vision, in which straight lines appear bent.

ANORTHOSCOPE A*nor"tho*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.] (Physics)

Defn: An optical toy for producing amusing figures or pictures by means of two revolving disks, on one of which distorted figures are painted.

ANORTHOSITE A*nor"tho*site, n. [F. anorthose triclinic feldspar (fr. Gr. priv. + straight) + -ite.] (Petrol.)

Defn: A granular igneous rock composed almost exclusively of a soda- lime feldspar, usually labradorite.

ANOSMIA A*nos"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Loss of the sense of smell.

ANOTHER An*oth"er, pron. & a. Etym: [An a, one + other.]

1. One more, in addition to a former number; a second or additional one, similar in likeness or in effect. Another yet! -- a seventh! I 'll see no more. Shak. Would serve to scale another Hero's tower. Shak.

2. Not the same; different. He winks, and turns his lips another way. Shak.

3. Any or some; any different person, indefinitely; any one else; some one else. Let another man praise thee, and not thine own mouth. Prov. xxvii. 2. While I am coming, another steppeth down before me. John v. 7.

Note: As a pronoun another may have a possessive another's, pl. others, poss. pl. other'. It is much used in opposition to one; as, one went one way, another another. It is also used with one, in a reciprocal sense; as, "love one another," that is, let each love the other or others. "These two imparadised in one another's arms." Milton.

ANOTHER-GAINES An*oth"er-gaines`, a. Etym: [Corrupted fr. another-gates.]

Defn: Of another kind. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

ANOTHER-GATES An*oth"er-gates`, a. Etym: [Another + gate, or gait, way. Cf. Algates.]

Defn: Of another sort. [Obs.] "Another-gates adventure." Hudibras.

ANOTHER-GUESS An*oth"er-guess, a. Etym: [Corrupted fr. another-gates.]

Defn: Of another sort. [Archaic] It used to go in another-guess manner. Arbuthnot.

ANOTTA A*not"ta, n.

Defn: See Annotto.

ANOURA An*ou"ra, n.

Defn: See Anura.

ANOUROUS An*ou"rous, a.

Defn: See Anurous.

ANOXAEMIA; ANOXEMIA An`ox*æ"mi*a, An`ox*e"mi*a, n. [NL.; Gr. priv. + oxygen + Gr. blood.] (Med.)

Defn: An abnormal condition due to deficient aëration of the blood, as in balloon sickness, mountain sickness. -- An`ox*æ"mic, *e"mic (#), a.

ANSA An"sa, n.; pl. Ansæ. Etym: [L., a handle.] (Astron.)

Defn: A name given to either of the projecting ends of Saturn's ring.

ANSATED An"sa*ted, a. Etym: [L. ansatus, fr. ansa a handle.]

Defn: Having a handle. Johnson.

ANSERATED An"ser*a`ted, a. (Her.)

Defn: Having the extremities terminate in the heads of eagles, lions, etc.; as, an anserated cross.

ANSERES An"se*res, n. pl. Etym: [L., geese.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A Linnæan order of aquatic birds swimming by means of webbed feet, as the duck, or of lobed feet, as the grebe. In this order were included the geese, ducks, auks, divers, gulls, petrels, etc.

ANSERIFORMES An`se*ri*for"mes, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of birds including the geese, ducks, and closely allied forms.

ANSERINE An"ser*ine, a Etym: [L. anserinus, fr. anser a goose.]

1. Pertaining to, or resembling, a goose, or the skin of a goose.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Anseres.

ANSEROUS An"ser*ous, a. Etym: [L. anser a goose.]

Defn: Resembling a goose; silly; simple. Sydney Smith.

ANSWER An"swer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Answered; p. pr. & vb. n. Answering.] Etym: [OE. andswerien, AS. andswerian, andswarian, to answer, fr. andswaru, n., answer. See Answer, n.]

1. To speak in defense against; to reply to in defense; as, to answer a charge; to answer an accusation.

2. To speak or write in return to, as in return to a call or question, or to a speech, declaration, argument, or the like; to reply to (a question, remark, etc.); to respond to. She answers him as if she knew his mind. Shak. So spake the apostate angel, though in pain: . . . And him thus answered soon his bold compeer. Milton.

3. To respond to satisfactorily; to meet successfully by way of explanation, argument, or justification, and the like; to refute. No man was able to answer him a word. Matt. xxii. 46. These shifts refuted, answer thine appellant. Milton. The reasoning was not and could not be answered. Macaulay.

4. To be or act in return or response to. Hence: (a) To be or act in compliance with, in fulfillment or satisfaction of, as an order, obligation, demand; as, he answered my claim upon him; the servant answered the bell. This proud king . . . studies day and night To answer all the debts he owes unto you. Shak.

(b) To render account to or for. I will . . . send him to answer thee. Shak.

(c) To atone; to be punished for. And grievously hath Cæzar answered it. Shak.

(d) To be opposite to; to face. The windows answering each other, we could just discern the glowing horizon them. Gilpin.

(e) To be or act an equivalent to, or as adequate or sufficient for; to serve for; to repay. [R.] Money answereth all things. Eccles. x. 19.

(f) To be or act in accommodation, conformity, relation, or proportion to; to correspond to; to suit. Weapons must needs be dangerous things, if they answered the bulk of so prodigious a person. Swift.

ANSWER An"swer, v. i.

1. To speak or write by way of return (originally, to a charge), or in reply; to make response. There was no voice, nor any that answered. 1 Kings xviii. 26.

2. To make a satisfactory response or return. Hence: To render account, or to be responsible; to be accountable; to make amends; as, the man must answer to his employer for the money intrusted to his care. Let his neck answer for it, if there is any martial law. Shak.

3. To be or act in return. Hence: (a) To be or act by way of compliance, fulfillment, reciprocation, or satisfaction; to serve the purpose; as, gypsum answers as a manure on some soils. Do the strings answer to thy noble hand Dryden.

(b) To be opposite, or to act in opposition. (c) To be or act as an equivalent, or as adequate or sufficient; as, a very few will answer. (d) To be or act in conformity, or by way of accommodation, correspondence, relation, or proportion; to conform; to correspond; to suit; -- usually with to. That the time may have all shadow and silence in it, and the place answer to convenience. Shak. If this but answer to my just belief, I 'll remember you. Shak. As in water face answereth to face, so the heart of man to man. Pro

ANSWER An"swer, n. Etym: [OE. andsware, AS. andswaru; and against + swerian to swear. Anti-, and Swear, and cf. 1st un-.]

1. A reply to a change; a defense. At my first answer no man stood with me. 2 Tim. iv. 16.

2. Something said or written in reply to a question, a call, an argument, an address, or the like; a reply. A soft answer turneth away wrath. Prov. xv. 1. I called him, but he gave me no answer. Cant. v. 6.

3. Something done in return for, or in consequence of, something else; a responsive action. Great the slaughter is Here made by the Roman; great the answer be Britons must take. Shak.

4. A solution, the result of a mathematical operation; as, the answer to a problem.

5. (Law)

Defn: A counter-statement of facts in a course of pleadings; a confutation of what the other party has alleged; a responsive declaration by a witness in reply to a question. In Equity, it is the usual form of defense to the complainant's charges in his bill. Bouvier.

Syn. -- Reply; rejoinder; response. See Reply.

ANSWERABLE An"swer*a*ble, a.

1. Obliged to answer; liable to be called to account; liable to pay, indemnify, or make good; accountable; amenable; responsible; as, an agent is answerable to his principal; to be answerable for a debt, or for damages. Will any man argue that . . . he can not be justly punished, but is answerable only to God Swift.

2. Capable of being answered or refuted; admitting a satisfactory answer. The argument, though subtle, is yet answerable. Johnson.

3. Correspondent; conformable; hence, comparable. What wit and policy of man is answerable to their discreet and orderly course Holland. This revelation . . . was answerable to that of the apostle to the Thessalonians. Milton.

4. Proportionate; commensurate; suitable; as, an achievement answerable to the preparation for it.

5. Equal; equivalent; adequate. [Archaic] Had the valor of his soldiers been answerable, he had reached that year, as was thought, the utmost bounds of Britain. Milton.

ANSWERABLENESS An"swer*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being answerable, liable, responsible, or correspondent.

ANSWERABLY An"swer*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an answerable manner; in due proportion or correspondence; suitably.

ANSWERER An"swer*er, n.

Defn: One who answers.

ANSWERLESS An"swer*less, a.

Defn: Having no answer, or impossible to be answered. Byron.

AN 'T An 't.

Defn: An it, that is, and it or if it. See An, conj. [Obs.]

AN'T An't.

Defn: A contraction for are and am not; also used for is not; -- now usually written ain't. [Colloq. & illiterate speech.]

ANT- Ant-.

Defn: See Anti-, prefix.

-ANT -ant. Etym: [F. -ant, fr. L. -antem or -entem, the pr. p. ending; also sometimes directly from L. -antem.]

Defn: A suffix sometimes marking the agent for action; as, merchant, covenant, servant, pleasant, etc. Cf. -ent.

ANT Ant, n. Etym: [OE. ante, amete, emete, AS. æmete akin to G. ameise. Cf. Emmet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hymenopterous insect of the Linnæan genus Formica, which is now made a family of several genera; an emmet; a pismire.

Note: Among ants, as among bees, there are neuter or working ants, besides the males and females; the former are without wings. Ants live together in swarms, usually raising hillocks of earth, variously chambered within, where they maintain a perfect system of order, store their provisions, and nurture their young. There are many species, with diverse habits, as agricultural ants, carpenter ants, honey ants, foraging ants, amazon ants, etc. The white ants or Termites belong to the Neuroptera. Ant bird (Zoöl.), one of a very extensive group of South American birds (Formicariidæ), which live on ants. The family includes many species, some of which are called ant shrikes, ant thrushes, and ant wrens. -- Ant rice (Bot.), a species of grass (Aristida oligantha) cultivated by the agricultural ants of Texas for the sake of its seed.

ANTA An"ta, n.; pl. Antæ. Etym: [L.] (Arch.)

Defn: A species of pier produced by thickening a wall at its termination, treated architecturally as a pilaster, with capital and base.

Note: Porches, when columns stand between two antæ, are called in Latin in antis.

ANTACID Ant*ac"id, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + acid.] (Med.)

Defn: A remedy for acidity of the stomach, as an alkali or absorbent. -- a.

Defn: Counteractive of acidity.

ANTACRID Ant*ac"rid, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + acrid.]

Defn: Corrective of acrimony of the humors.

ANTAEAN An*tæ"an, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to Antæus, a giant athlete slain by Hercules.

ANTAGONISM An*tag"o*nism, n. Etym: [Gr. antagonisme. See Agony.]

Defn: Opposition of action; counteraction or contrariety of things or principles.

Note: We speak of antagonism between two things, to or against a thing, and sometimes with a thing.

ANTAGONIST An*tag"o*nist, n. Etym: [L. antagonista, Gr. antagoniste. See Antagonism.]

1. One who contends with another, especially in combat; an adversary; an opponent. Antagonist of Heaven's Almigthy King. Milton. Our antagonists in these controversies. Hooker.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle which acts in opposition to another; as a flexor, which bends a part, is the antagonist of an extensor, which extends it.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine which opposes the action of another medicine or of a poison when absorbed into the blood or tissues.

Syn. -- Adversary; enemy; opponent; toe; competitor. See Adversary.

ANTAGONIST An*tag"o*nist, a.

Defn: Antagonistic; opposing; counteracting; as, antagonist schools of philosophy.

ANTAGONISTIC; ANTAGONISTICAL An*tag`o*nis"tic, An*tag`o*nis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Opposing in combat, combating; contending or acting against; as, antagonistic forces. -- An*tag`o*nis"tic*al*ly, adv. They were distinct, adverse, even antagonistic. Milman.

ANTAGONIZE An*tag"o*nize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Antagonized; p. pr. & vb. n. Antagonozing.] Etym: [Gr. Antagonism.]

Defn: To contend with; to oppose actively; to counteract.

ANTAGONIZE An*tag"o*nize, v. i.

Defn: To act in opposition.

ANTAGONY An*tag"o*ny, n. Etym: [Gr. antagonie. See Antagonism.]

Defn: Contest; opposition; antagonism. [Obs.] Antagony that is between Christ and Belial. Milton.

ANTALGIC An*tal"gic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. antalgique.] (Med.)

Defn: Alleviating pain. -- n.

Defn: A medicine to alleviate pain; an anodyne. [R.]

ANTALKALI; ANTALKALINE Ant*al"ka*li, Ant*al"ka*line, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + alkali.]

Defn: Anything that neutralizes, or that counteracts an alkaline tendency in the system. Hoopplw.

ANTALKALINE Ant*al"ka*line, a.

Defn: Of power to counteract alkalies.

ANTAMBULACRAL Ant*am`bu*la"cral, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Away from the ambulacral region.

ANTANACLASIS Ant`an*a*cla"sis, n. Etym: [Gr. Anaclastic.] (Rhet.) (a) A figure which consists in repeating the same word in a different sense; as, Learn some craft when young, that when old you may live without craft. (b) A repetition of words beginning a sentence, after a long parenthesis; as, Shall that heart (which not only feels them, but which has all motions of life placed in them), shall that heart, etc.

ANTANAGOGE Ant`an*a*go"ge, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + anagoge.] (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure which consists in answering the charge of an adversary, by a counter charge.

ANTAPHRODISIAC Ant`aph*ro*dis"i*ac, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + aphrodisiac.] (Med.)

Defn: Capable of blunting the venereal appetite. -- n.

Defn: Anything that quells the venereal appetite.

ANTAPHRODITIC Ant`aph*ro*dit"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. antaphroditique.] (Med.)

1. Antaphrodisiac.

2. Antisyphilitic. [R.]

ANTAPHRODITIC Ant`aph*ro*dit"ic, n.

Defn: An antaphroditic medicine.

ANTAPOPLECTIC Ant`ap*o*plec"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + apoplectic.] (Med.)

Defn: Good against apoplexy. -- n.

Defn: A medicine used against apoplexy.

ANTARCHISM Ant*ar"chism, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr.

Defn: Opposition to government in general. [R.]

ANTARCHIST Ant*ar"chist, n.

Defn: One who opposes all government. [R.]

ANTARCHISTIC; ANTARCHISTICAL Ant`ar*chis"tic, Ant`ar*chis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Opposed to all human government. [R.]

ANTARCTIC Ant*arc"tic, a. Etym: [OE. antartik, OF. antartique, F. antarctique, L. antarcticus, fr. Gr. Arctic.]

Defn: Opposite to the northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or to the region near it, and applied especially to a circle, distant from the pole 23º 28min. Thus we say the antarctic pole, circle, ocean, region, current, etc.

ANTARES An*ta"res, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The principal star in Scorpio: -- called also the Scorpion's Heart.

ANTARTHRITIC Ant`ar*thrit"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + arthritic.] (Med.) Counteracting or alleviating gout. -- n.

Defn: A remedy against gout.

ANTASTHMATIC Ant`asth*mat"ic ( or ; see Asthma; 277), a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + asthmatic.] (Med.)

Defn: Opposing, or fitted to relieve, asthma. -- n.

Defn: A remedy for asthma.

ANT-BEAR Ant"-bear`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An edentate animal of tropical America (the Tamanoir), living on ants. It belongs to the genus Myrmecophaga.

ANT BIRD Ant" bird, (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Ant bird, under Ant, n.

ANT-CATTLE Ant"-cat`tle, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Various kinds of plant lice or aphids tended by ants for the sake of the honeydew which they secrete. See Aphips.

ANT COW Ant cow. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any aphid from which ants obtain honeydew.

ANTE- An"te-.

Defn: A Latin preposition and prefix; akin to Gr. anti, Goth. and-, anda- (only in comp.), AS. and-, ond-, (only in comp.: cf. Answer, Along), G. ant-, ent- (in comp.). The Latin ante is generally used in the sense of before, in regard to position, order, or time, and the Gr. opposite, or in the place of.

ANTE An"te, n. (Poker Playing)

Defn: Each player's stake, which is put into the pool before (ante) the game begins.

ANTE An"te, v. t. & i.

Defn: To put up (an ante).

ANTEACT An"te*act`, n.

Defn: A preceding act.

ANTEAL An"te*al, a. Etym: [antea, ante, before. Cf. Ancient.]

Defn: Being before, or in front. [R.] J. Fleming.

ANT-EATER Ant"-eat`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of edentates and monotremes that feed upon ants. See Ant-bear, Pangolin, Aard-vark, and Echidna.

ANTECEDANEOUS An`te*ce*da"ne*ous, a. Etym: [See Antecede.]

Defn: Antecedent; preceding in time. "Capable of antecedaneous proof." Barrow.

ANTECEDE An`te*cede", v. t. & i. Etym: [L. antecedere; ante + cedere to go. See Cede.]

Defn: To go before in time or place; to precede; to surpass. Sir M. Hale.

ANTECEDENCE An`te*ced"ence, n.

1. The act or state of going before in time; precedence. H. Spenser.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: An apparent motion of a planet toward the west; retrogradation.

ANTECEDENCY An`te*ced"en*cy, n.

Defn: The state or condition of being antecedent; priority. Fothherby.

ANTECEDENT An`te*ced"ent, a. Etym: [L. antecedens, -entis, p. pr. of antecedere: cf. F. antécédent.]

1. Going before in time; prior; anterior; preceding; as, an event antecedent to the Deluge; an antecedent cause.

2. Presumptive; as, an antecedent improbability.

Syn. -- Prior; previous; foregoing.

ANTECEDENT An`te*ced"ent, n. Etym: [Cf. F. antécédent.]

1. That which goes before in time; that which precedes. South. The Homeric mythology, as well as the Homeric language, has surely its antecedents. Max Miller.

2. One who precedes or goes in front. [Obs.] My antecedent, or my gentleman usher. Massinger.

3. pl.

Defn: The earlier events of one's life; previous principles, conduct, course, history. J. H. Newman. If the troops . . . prove worthy of their antecedents, the victory is surely ours. Gen. G. McClellan.

4. (Gram.)

Defn: The noun to which a relative refers; as, in the sentence "Solomon was the prince who built the temple," prince is the antecedent of who.

5. (Logic) (a) The first or conditional part of a hypothetical proposition; as, If the earth is fixed, the sun must move. (b) The first of the two propositions which constitute an enthymeme or contracted syllogism; as, Every man is mortal; therefore the king must die.

6. (Math.)

Defn: The first of the two terms of a ratio; the first or third of the four terms of a proportion. In the ratio a:b, a is the antecedent, and b the consequent.

ANTECEDENTLY An`te*ced"ent*ly, adv.

Defn: Previously; before in time; at a time preceding; as, antecedently to conversion. Barrow.

ANTECESSOR An`te*ces"sor, n. Etym: [L., fr. antecedere, antecessum. See Antecede, Ancestor.]

1. One who goes before; a predecessor. The successor seldom prosecuting his antecessor's devices. Sir E. Sandys.

2. An ancestor; a progenitor. [Obs.]

ANTECHAMBER An"te*cham`ber, n. Etym: [Cf. F. antichambre.]

1. A chamber or apartment before the chief apartment and leading into it, in which persons wait for audience; an outer chamber. See Lobby.

2. A space viewed as the outer chamber or the entrance to an interior part. The mouth, the antechamber to the digestive canal. Todd & Bowman.

ANTECHAPEL An"te*chap`el, n.

Defn: The outer part of the west end of a collegiate or other chapel. Shipley.

ANTECHOIR An"te*choir`, n. (Arch.) (a) A space inclosed or reserved at the entrance to the choir, for the clergy and choristers. (b) Where a choir is divided, as in some Spanish churches, that division of it which is the farther from the sanctuary.

ANTECIANS An*te"cians, n. pl.

Defn: See Ant.

ANTECOMMUNION An`te*com*mun"ion, n.

Defn: A name given to that part of the Anglican liturgy for the communion, which precedes the consecration of the elements.

ANTECURSOR An`te*cur"sor, n. Etym: [L., fr. antecurrere to run before; ante + currere to run.]

Defn: A forerunner; a precursor. [Obs.]

ANTEDATE An"te*date`, n.

1. Prior date; a date antecedent to another which is the actual date.

2. Anticipation. [Obs.] Donne.

ANTEDATE An"te*date`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Antedated; p. pr. & vb. n. Antedating.]

1. To date before the true time; to assign to an earlier date; thus, to antedate a deed or a bond is to give it a date anterior to the true time of its execution.

2. To precede in time.

3. To anticipate; to make before the true time. And antedate the bliss above. Pope. Who rather rose the day to antedate. Wordsworth.

ANTEDILUVIAL An`te*di*lu"vi*al, a. Etym: [Pref. ante- + diluvial.]

Defn: Before the flood, or Deluge, in Noah's time.

ANTEDILUVIAN An`te*di*lu"vi*an, a.

Defn: Of or relating to the period before the Deluge in Noah's time; hence, antiquated; as, an antediluvian vehicle. -- n.

Defn: One who lived before the Deluge.

ANTEFACT An"te*fact`, n.

Defn: Something done before another act. [Obs.]

ANTEFIX An"te*fix`, n.; pl. E. Antefixes; L. Antefixa. Etym: [L. ante + fixus fixed.] (Arch.) (a) An ornament fixed upon a frieze. (b) An ornament at the eaves, concealing the ends of the joint tiles of the roof. (c) An ornament of the cymatium of a classic cornice, sometimes pierced for the escape of water.

ANTEFLEXION An`te*flex"ion, n. (Med.)

Defn: A displacement forward of an organ, esp. the uterus, in such manner that its axis is bent upon itself. T. G. Thomas.

ANT EGG Ant" egg`.

Defn: One of the small white egg-shaped pupæ or cocoons of the ant, often seen in or about ant-hills, and popularly supposed to be eggs.

ANTELOPE An"te*lope, n. Etym: [OF. antelop, F. antilope, fro Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a group of ruminant quadrupeds, intermediate between the deer and the goat. The horns are usually annulated, or ringed. There are many species in Africa and Asia. The antelope and wolf both fierce and fell. Spenser.

Note: The common or bezoar antelope of India is Antilope bezoartica. The chamois of the Alps, the gazelle, the addax, and the eland are other species. See Gazelle. The pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra Americana) is found in the Rocky Mountains. See Pronghorn.

ANTELUCAN An`te*lu"can, a. Etym: [L. antelucanus; ante + lux light.]

Defn: Held or being before light; -- a word applied to assemblies of Christians, in ancient times of persecution, held before light in the morning. "Antelucan worship." De Quincey.

ANTEMERIDIAN An`te*me*rid"i*an, a. Etym: [L. antemeridianus; ante + meridianus belonging to midday or noon. See Meridian.]

Defn: Being before noon; in or pertaining to the forenoon. (Abbrev. a. m.)

ANTEMETIC Ant`e*met"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + emetic.] (Med.)

Defn: Tending to check vomiting. -- n.

Defn: A remedy to check or allay vomiting.

ANTE MORTEM An`te mor"tem. [L.]

Defn: Before death; -- generally used adjectivelly; as, an ante- mortem statement; ante-mortem examination.

The ante-mortem statement, or dying declaration made in view of death, by one injured, as to the cause and manner of the injury, is often receivable in evidence against one charged with causing the death.

ANTEMOSAIC An`te*mo*sa"ic, a.

Defn: Being before the time of Moses.

ANTEMUNDANE An`te*mun"dane, a.

Defn: Being or occurring before the creation of the world. Young.

ANTEMURAL An`te*mu"ral, n. Etym: [L. antemurale: ante + murus wall. See Mural.]

Defn: An outwork of a strong, high wall, with turrets, in front gateway (as of an old castle), for defending the entrance.

ANTENATAL An`te*na"tal, a.

Defn: Before birth. Shelley.

ANTENICENE An`te*ni"cene, a. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Of or in the Christian church or era, anterior to the first council of Nice, held a. d. 325; as, antenicene faith.

ANTENNA An*ten"na, n.; pl. Antennæ. Etym: [L. antenna sail-yard; NL., a feeler, horn of an insect.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A movable, articulated organ of sensation, attached to the heads of insects and Crustacea. There are two in the former, and usually four in the latter. They are used as organs of touch, and in some species of Crustacea the cavity of the ear is situated near the basal joint. In insects, they are popularly called horns, and also feelers. The term in also applied to similar organs on the heads of other arthropods and of annelids.

ANTENNAL An*ten"nal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the antennæ. Owen.

ANTENNIFEROUS An`ten*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Antenna + -ferous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Bearing or having antennæ.

ANTENNIFORM An*ten"ni*form, a. Etym: [Antenna + -form.]

Defn: Shaped like antennæ.

ANTENNULE An*ten"nule, n. Etym: [Dim. of antenna.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small antenna; -- applied to the smaller pair of antennæ or feelers of Crustacea.

ANTENUMBER An`te*num"ber, n.

Defn: A number that precedes another. [R.] Bacon.

ANTENUPTIAL An`te*nup"tial, a.

Defn: Preceding marriage; as, an antenuptial agreement. Kent.

ANTEORBITAL An`te*or"bit*al, a. & n. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Antorbital.

ANTEPASCHAL An`te*pas"chal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the time before the Passover, or before Easter.

ANTEPAST An"te*past, n. Etym: [Pref. ante- + L. pastus pasture, food. Cf. Repast.]

Defn: A foretaste. Antepasts of joy and comforts. Jer. Taylor.

ANTEPENDIUM An`te*pen"di*um, n. Etym: [LL., fr. L. ante + pendere to hang.] (Eccl.)

Defn: The hangings or screen in front of the altar; an altar cloth; the frontal. Smollett.

ANTEPENULT; ANTEPENULTIMA An`te*pe"nult, An`te*pe*nult"i*ma, n. Etym: [L. antepaenultima (sc. syllaba) antepenultimate; ante before + paenultimus the last but one; paene almost + ultimus last.] (Pros.)

Defn: The last syllable of a word except two, as -syl in monosyllable.

ANTEPENULTIMATE An`te*pe*nult"i*mate, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the last syllable but two. -- n.

Defn: The antepenult.

ANTEPHIALTIC Ant`eph*i*al"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Good against nightmare. -- n.

Defn: A remedy nightmare. Dunglison.

ANTEPILEPTIC Ant`ep*i*lep"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + epileptic.] (Med.)

Defn: Good against epilepsy. -- n.

Defn: A medicine for epilepsy.

ANTEPONE An"te*pone, v. t. Etym: [L. anteponere.]

Defn: To put before; to prefer. [Obs.] Bailey.

ANTEPORT An"te*port, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. anteporta.]

Defn: An outer port, gate, or door.

ANTEPORTICO An`te*por"ti*co, n.

Defn: An outer porch or vestibule.

ANTEPOSITION An`te*po*si"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. antepositio. See Position.] (Gram.)

Defn: The placing of a before another, which, by ordinary rules, ought to follow it.

ANTEPRANDIAL An`te*pran"di*al, a.

Defn: Preceding dinner.

ANTEPREDICAMENT An`te*pre*dic"a*ment, n. (Logic)

Defn: A prerequisite to a clear understanding of the predicaments and categories, such as definitions of common terms. Chambers.

ANTERIOR An*te"ri*or, a. Etym: [L. anterior, comp. of ante before.]

1. Before in time; antecedent. Antigonus, who was anterior to Polybius. Sir G. C. Lewis.

2. Before, or toward the front, in place; as, the anterior part of the mouth; -- opposed to posterior.

Note: In comparative anatomy, anterior often signifies at or toward the head, cephalic; and in human anatomy it is often used for ventral.

Syn. -- Antecedent; previous; precedent; preceding; former; foregoing.

ANTERIORITY An*te`ri*or"i*ty, n. Etym: [LL. anterioritas.]

Defn: The state of being anterior or preceding in time or in situation; priority. Pope.

ANTERIORLY An*te"ri*or*ly, adv.

Defn: In an anterior manner; before.

ANTERO- An"te*ro-.

Defn: A combining form meaning anterior, front; as, antero-posterior, front and back; antero-lateral, front side, anterior and at the side.

ANTEROOM An"te*room, n.

Defn: A room before, or forming an entrance to, another; a waiting room.

ANTES; ANTAE An"tes, n. pl. Antæ.

Defn: See Anta.

ANTESTATURE An`te*stat"ure, n. (Fort.)

Defn: A small intrenchment or work of palisades, or of sacks of earth.

ANTESTOMACH An"te*stom`ach, n.

Defn: A cavity which leads into the stomach, as in birds. Ray.

ANTETEMPLE An"te*tem`ple, n.

Defn: The portico, or narthex in an ancient temple or church.

ANTEVERSION An`te*ver"sion, n. Etym: [Pref. ante- + L. vertere, versum, to turn.] (Med.)

Defn: A displacement of an organ, esp. of the uterus, in such manner that its whole axis is directed further forward than usual.

ANTEVERT An`te*vert", v. t. Etym: [L. antevertere; ante + vertere to turn.]

1. To prevent. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

2. (Med.)

Defn: To displace by anteversion.

ANTHELION Ant*hel"ion, n.; pl. Anthelia. Etym: [Pref. anti + Gr. (Meteor.)

Defn: A halo opposite the sun, consisting of a colored ring or rings around the shadow of the spectator's own head, as projected on a cloud or on an opposite fog bank.

ANTHELIX Ant"he*lix, n. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Antihelix.

ANTHELMINTIC An"thel*min"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Good against intestinal worms. -- An anthelmintic remedy. [Written also anthelminthic.]

ANTHEM An"them, n. Etym: [OE. antym, antefne, AS. antefen, fr. LL. antiphona, fr. Gr. anthaine, anteine, antieune, F. antienne. See Antiphon.]

1. Formerly, a hymn sung in alternate parts, in present usage, a selection from the Psalms, or other parts of the Scriptures or the liturgy, set to sacred music.

2. A song or hymn of praise. Milton.

ANTHEM An"them, v. t.

Defn: To celebrate with anthems. [Poet.] Sweet birds antheming the morn. Keats.

ANTHEMION An*the"mi*on, Etym: [ fr. Gr.

Defn: A floral ornament. See Palmette.

ANTHEMIS An"the*mis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Chamomile; a genus of composite, herbaceous plants.

ANTHEMWISE An"them*wise`, adv.

Defn: Alternately. [Obs.] Bacon.

ANTHER An"ther, n. Etym: [F. anthère, L. anthera a medicine composed of flowers, fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: That part of the stamen containing the pollen, or fertilizing dust, which, when mature, is emitted for the impregnation of the ovary. -- An"ther*al, a.

ANTHERIDIUM An`ther*id"i*um, n.; pl. Anthplwidia. Etym: [Anther + (Bot.)

Defn: The male reproductive apparatus in the lower, consisting of a cell or other cavity in which spermatozoids are produced; -- called also spermary. -- An`ther*id"i*al, a.

ANTHERIFEROUS An`ther*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Anther + -ferous.] (Bot.) (a) Producing anthers, as plants. (b) Supporting anthers, as a part of a flower. Gray.

ANTHERIFORM An*ther"i*form, a. Etym: [Anther + -form.]

Defn: Shaped like an anther; anther-shaped.

ANTHEROGENOUS An`ther*og"e*nous, a. Etym: [Anther + -genous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Transformed from anthers, as the petals of a double flower.

ANTHEROID An"ther*oid, a. Etym: [Anther + -oid.]

Defn: Resembling an anther.

ANTHEROZOID; ANTHEROZOOID An`ther*o*zoid, An`ther*o*zoo"id, n. Etym: [Gr. -oid. See Zooid.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of the mobile male reproductive bodies in the antheridia of cryptogams.

ANTHESIS An*the"sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The period or state of full expansion in a flower. Gray.

ANT-HILL Ant"-hill, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A mound thrown up by ants or by termites in forming their nests.

ANTHOBIAN An*tho"bi*an, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A beetle which feeds on flowers.

ANTHOBRANCHIA An`tho*bran"chi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of nudibranchiate Mollusca, in which the gills form a wreath or cluster upon the posterior part of the back. See Nudibranchiata, and Doris.

ANTHOCARPOUS An`tho*car"pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having some portion of the floral envelopes attached to the pericarp to form the fruit, as in the checkerberry, the mulberry, and the pineapple.

ANTHOCYANIN An`tho*cy"a*nin, n.

Defn: Same as Anthokyan.

ANTHODIUM An*tho"di*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The inflorescence of a compound flower in which many florets are gathered into a involucrate head.

ANTHOGRAPHY An*thog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: A description of flowers.

ANTHOID An"thoid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Resembling a flower; flowerlike.

ANTHOKYAN An`tho*ky"an, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: The blue coloring matter of certain flowers. Same as Cyanin.

ANTHOLITE An"tho*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil plant, like a petrified flower.

ANTHOLOGICAL An`tho*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to anthology; consisting of beautiful extracts from different authors, especially the poets. He published a geographical and anthological description of all empires and kingdoms . . . in this terrestrial globe. Wood.

ANTHOLOGIST An*thol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who compiles an anthology.

ANTHOLOGY An*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. A discourses on flowers. [R.]

2. A collection of flowers; a garland. [R.]

3. A collection of flowers of literature, that is, beautiful passages from authors; a collection of poems or epigrams; -- particularly applied to a collection of ancient Greek epigrams.

4. (Gr. Ch.)

Defn: A service book containing a selection of pieces for the festival services.

ANTHOMANIA An`tho*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A extravagant fondness for flowers. [R.]

ANTHONY'S FIRE An"tho*ny's Fire`.

Defn: See Saint Anthony's Fire, under Saint.

ANTHOPHAGOUS An*thoph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Eating flowers; -- said of certain insects.

ANTHOPHILOUS An*thoph"i*lous, a. [Gr. 'a`nqos flower + fi`los loving.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Lit., fond of flowers; hence, feeding upon, or living among, flowers.

ANTHOPHORE An"tho*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The stipe when developed into an internode between calyx and corolla, as in the Pink family. Gray.

ANTHOPHOROUS An*thoph"o*rous, a.

Defn: Flower bearing; supporting the flower.

ANTHOPHYLLITE An*thoph"yl*lite, n. Etym: [NL. anthophyllum clove.]

Defn: A mineral of the hornblende group, of a yellowish gray or clove brown color. -- An`tho*phyl*lit"ic, a.

ANTHORISM An"tho*rism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A description or definition contrary to that which is given by the adverse party. [R.]

ANTHOTAXY An"tho*tax`y, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The arrangement of flowers in a cluster; the science of the relative position of flowers; inflorescence.

ANTHOZOA An`tho*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The class of the Coelenterata which includes the corals and sea anemones. The three principal groups or orders are Acyonaria, Actinaria, and Madreporaria.

ANTHOZOAN An`tho*zo"an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Anthozoa. -- n.

Defn: One of the Anthozoa.

ANTHOZOIC An"tho*zo"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Anthozoa.

ANTHRACENE An"thra*cene, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A solid hydrocarbon, C6H4.C2H2.C6H4, which accompanies naphthalene in the last stages of the distillation of coal tar. Its chief use is in the artificial production of alizarin. [Written also anthracin.]

ANTHRACENE OIL An"thra*cene oil.

Defn: A heavy green oil (partially solidifying on cooling), which distills over from coal tar at a temperature above 270º. It is the principal source of anthracene.

ANTHRACIC An*thrac"ic, a.

Defn: Of or relating to anthrax; as, anthracic blood.

ANTHRACIFEROUS An`thra*cif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. -ferous.] (Min.)

Defn: Yielding anthracite; as, anthraciferous strata.

ANTHRACITE An"thra*cite, n. Etym: [L. anthracites a kind of bloodstone; fr. Gr. Anthrax.]

Defn: A hard, compact variety of mineral coal, of high luster, differing from bituminous coal in containing little or no bitumen, in consequence of which it burns with a nearly non luminous flame. The purer specimens consist almost wholly of carbon. Also called glance coal and blind coal.

ANTHRACITIC An"thra*cit"ic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or like, anthracite; as, anthracitic formations.

ANTHRACNOSE An*thrac"nose`, n. [Gr. , , carbuncle + disease.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of several fungus diseases, caused by parasitic species of the series Melanconiales, attacking the bean, grape, melon, cotton, and other plants. In the case of the grape, brown concave spots are formed on the stem and fruit, and the disease is called bird's-eye rot.

ANTHRACOID An"thra*coid, a. Etym: [Anthrax + -oid.] (Biol.)

Defn: Resembling anthrax in action; of the nature of anthrax; as, an anthracoid microbe.

ANTHRACOMANCY An"thra*co*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by inspecting a burning coal.

ANTHRACOMETER An`thra*com"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the amount of carbonic acid in a mixture.

ANTHRACOMETRIC An`thra*co*met"ric, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an anthracometer.

ANTHRACONITE An*thra"co*nite, n. Etym: [See Anthracite.] (Min.)

Defn: A coal-black marble, usually emitting a fetid smell when rubbed; -- called also stinkstone and swinestone.

ANTHRACOSIS An`thra*co"sis, n. [NL. See Anthrax.] (Med.)

Defn: A chronic lung disease, common among coal miners, due to the inhalation of coal dust; -- called also collier's lung and miner's phthisis.

ANTHRAQUINONE An`thra*qui"none, n. Etym: [Anthracene + quinone.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon, C6H4.C2O2.C6H4, subliming in shining yellow needles. It is obtained by oxidation of anthracene.

ANTHRAX An"thrax, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Med.) (a) A carbuncle. (b) A malignant pustule.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A microscopic, bacterial organism (Bacillus anthracis), resembling transparent rods. [See Illust. under Bacillus.]

3. An infectious disease of cattle and sheep. It is ascribed to the presence of a rod-shaped bacterium (Bacillus anthracis), the spores of which constitute the contagious matter. It may be transmitted to man by inoculation. The spleen becomes greatly enlarged and filled with bacteria. Called also splenic fever.

ANTHRAX VACCINE An"thrax vac"cine. (Veter.)

Defn: A fluid vaccine obtained by growing a bacterium (Bacterium anthracis) in beef broth. It is used to immunize animals, esp. cattle.

ANTHRENUS An*thre"nus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small beetles, several of which, in the larval state, are very destructive to woolen goods, fur, etc. The common "museum pest" is A. varius; the carpet beetle is A. scrophulariæ. The larvæ are commonly confounded with moths.

ANTHROPIC; ANTHROPICAL An*throp"ic, An*throp"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or related to man; human. [R.] Owen.

ANTHROPIDAE An*throp"i*dæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The group that includes man only.

ANTHROPOCENTRIC An`thro*po*cen"tric, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Assuming man as the center or ultimate end; -- applied to theories of the universe or of any part of it, as the solar system. Draper.

ANTHROPOGENIC An`thro*po*gen"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to anthropogeny.

ANTHROPOGENY An`thro*pog"e*ny, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The science or study of human generation, or the origin and development of man.

ANTHROPOGEOGRAPHY An`thro*po*ge*og"ra*phy, n. [Gr. man + geography.]

Defn: The science of the human species as to geographical distribution and environment. Broadly, it includes industrial, commercial, and political geography, and that part of ethnology which deals with distribution and physical environment. -- An`thro*po*ge*og"ra*pher (#), n. -- An`thro*po*ge`o*graph"ic*al (#), a.

ANTHROPOGLOT An*throp"o*glot, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal which has a tongue resembling that of man, as the parrot.

ANTHROPOGRAPHY An`thro*pog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: That branch of anthropology which treats of the actual distribution of the human race in its different divisions, as distinguished by physical character, language, institutions, and customs, in contradistinction to ethnography, which treats historically of the origin and filiation of races and nations. P. Cyc.

ANTHROPOID An"thro*poid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Resembling man; -- applied especially to certain apes, as the ourang or gorilla. -- n.

Defn: An anthropoid ape.

ANTHROPOIDAL An`thro*poid"al, a.

Defn: Anthropoid.

ANTHROPOIDEA An`thro*poid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Anthropoid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The suborder of primates which includes the monkeys, apes, and man.

ANTHROPOLATRY An`thro*pol"a*try, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Man worship.

ANTHROPOLITE An*throp"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A petrifaction of the human body, or of any portion of it.

ANTHROPOLOGIC; ANTHROPOLOGICAL An`thro*po*log"ic, An`thro*po*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to anthropology; belonging to the nature of man. "Anthropologic wisdom." Kingsley. -- An`thro*po*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

ANTHROPOLOGIST An`thro*pol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in anthropology.

ANTHROPOLOGY An`thro*pol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

1. The science of the structure and functions of the human body.

2. The science of man; -- sometimes used in a limited sense to mean the study of man as an object of natural history, or as an animal.

3. That manner of expression by which the inspired writers attribute human parts and passions to God.

ANTHROPOMANCY An"thro*po*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by the entrails of human being.

ANTHROPOMETRIC; ANTHROPOMETRICAL An`thro*po*met"ric, An`thro*po*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to anthropometry.

ANTHROPOMETRY An`thro*pom"e*try, n. Etym: [Gr. -mercy.]

Defn: Measurement of the height and other dimensions of human beings, especially at different ages, or in different races, occupations, etc. Dunglison.

ANTHROPOMORPHA An`thro*po*mor"pha, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Anthropomorphism.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The manlike, or anthropoid, apes.

ANTHROPOMORPHIC An`thro*po*mor"phic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to anthromorphism. Hadley. -- An`thro*po*mor"phic*al*ly, adv.

ANTHROPOMORPHISM An`thro*po*mor"phism, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. The representation of the Deity, or of a polytheistic deity, under a human form, or with human attributes and affections.

2. The ascription of human characteristics to things not human.

ANTHROPOMORPHIST An`thro*po*mor"phist, n.

Defn: One who attributes the human form or other human attributes to the Deity or to anything not human.

ANTHROPOMORPHITE An`thro*po*mor"phite, n.

Defn: One who ascribes a human form or human attributes to the Deity or to a polytheistic deity. Taylor. Specifically, one of a sect of ancient heretics who believed that God has a human form, etc. Tillotson.

ANTHROPOMORPHITIC An`thro*po*mor*phit"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: to anthropomorphism. Kitto.

ANTHROPOMORPHITISM An`thro*po*mor"phi*tism, n.

Defn: Anthropomorphism. Wordsworth.

ANTHROPOMORPHIZE An`thro*po*mor"phize, v. t. & i.

Defn: To attribute a human form or personality to. You may see imaginative children every day anthropomorphizing. Lowell.

ANTHROPOMORPHOLOGY An`thro*po*mor*phol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy. See Anthropomorphism.]

Defn: The application to God of terms descriptive of human beings.

ANTHROPOMORPHOSIS An`thro*po*mor"pho*sis, n.

Defn: Transformation into the form of a human being.

ANTHROPOMORPHOUS An`thro*po*mor"phous, a.

Defn: Having the figure of, or resemblance to, a man; as, an anthromorphous plant. "Anthromorphous apes." Darwin.

ANTHROPONOMICS; ANTHROPONOMY An`thro*po*nom"ics, An`thro*pon"o*my, n. [Gr. man + usage, law, rule.]

Defn: The science of the laws of the development of the human organism in relation to other organisms and to environment. -- An`thro*po*nom"ic*al (#), a.

ANTHROPOPATHIC; ANTHROPOPATHICAL An`thro*po*path"ic, An`thro*po*path"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to anthropopathy. [R.] -- An`thro*po*path"ic*al*ly, adv. The daring anthropopathic imagery by which the prophets often represent God as chiding, upbraiding, threatening. H. Rogers.

ANTHROPOPATHISM; ANTHROPOPATHY An`thro*pop"a*thism, An`thro*pop"a*thy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The ascription of human feelings or passions to God, or to a polytheistic deity. In its recoil from the gross anthropopathy of the vulgar notions, it falls into the vacuum of absolute apathy. Hare.

ANTHROPOPATHITE An`thro*pop"a*thite, n.

Defn: One who ascribes human feelings to deity.

ANTHROPOPHAGI An`thro*poph"a*gi, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: Man eaters; cannibals. Shak.

ANTHROPOPHAGIC; ANTHROPOPHAGICAL An`thro*po*phag"ic, An`thro*po*phag"ic*al, a.

Defn: Relating to cannibalism or anthropophagy.

ANTHROPOPHAGINIAN An`thro*poph`a*gin"i*an, n.

Defn: One who east human flesh. [Ludicrous] Shak.

ANTHROPOPHAGITE An`thro*poph"a*gite, n.

Defn: A cannibal. W. Taylor.

ANTHROPOPHAGOUS An`thro*poph"a*gous, a.

Defn: Feeding on human flesh; cannibal.

ANTHROPOPHAGY An`thro*poph"a*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The eating of human flesh; cannibalism.

ANTHROPOPHUISM An"thro*poph"u*ism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Human nature. [R.] Gladstone.

ANTHROPOSCOPY An`thro*pos"co*py, n. Etym: [Gr. -scopy.]

Defn: The art of discovering or judging of a man's character, passions. and inclinations from a study of his visible features. [R.]

ANTHROPOSOPHY An`thro*pos"o*phy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Knowledge of the nature of man; hence, human wisdom.

ANTHROPOTOMICAL An`thro*po*tom"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to anthropotomy, or the dissection of human bodies.

ANTHROPOTOMIST An`thro*pot"o*mist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in anthropotomy, or human anatomy.

ANTHROPOTOMY An`thro*pot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The anatomy or dissection of the human body; androtomy. Owen.

ANTHYPNOTIC Ant`hyp*not"ic.

Defn: See Antihypnotic.

ANTHYPOCHONDRIAC Ant`hyp*o*chon"dri*ac, a. & n.

Defn: See Antihypochondriac.

ANTHYSTERIC Ant`hys*ter"ic, a. & n.

Defn: See Antihysteric.

ANTI An"ti. Etym: [Gr. Ante.]

Defn: A prefix meaning against, opposite or opposed to, contrary, or in place of; -- used in composition in many English words. It is often shortened to ant-; as, antacid, antarctic.

ANTIAE An"ti*æ, n. pl. Etym: [L., forelock.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The two projecting feathered angles of the forehead of some birds; the frontal points.

ANTIALBUMID An`ti*al*bu"mid, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + -albumin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A body formed from albumin by pancreatic and gastric digestion. It is convertible into antipeptone.

ANTIALBUMOSE An`ti*al"bu*mose`, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: See Albumose.

ANTI-AMERICAN An`ti-A*mer"i*can, a.

Defn: Opposed to the Americans, their aims, or interests, or to the genius of American institutions. Marshall.

ANTIAPHRODISIAC An`ti*aph`ro*dis"i*ac, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Antaphrodisiac.

ANTIAPOPLECTIC An`ti*ap`o*plec"tic, a. & n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Antapoplectic.

ANTIAR An"ti*ar, n. Etym: [Jav. antjar.]

Defn: A Virulent poison prepared in Java from the gum resin of one species of the upas tree (Antiaris toxicaria).

ANTIARIN An`ti*a*rin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous principle obtained from antiar. Watts.

ANTIASTHMATIC An`ti*asth*mat"ic, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Antasthmatic.

ANTIATTRITION An`ti*at*tri"tion, n.

Defn: Anything to prevent the effects of friction, esp. a compound lubricant for machinery, etc., often consisting of plumbago, with some greasy material; antifriction grease.

ANTIBACCHIUS An`ti*bac*chi"us, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Bacchius.] (Pros.)

Defn: A foot of three syllables, the first two long, and the last short.

ANTIBACTERIAL An`ti*bac*te"ri*al, a. (Med.) (a) Inimical to bacteria; -- applied esp. to serum for protection against bacterial diseases. (b) Opposed to the bacterial theory of disease.

ANTIBILLOUS An`ti*bil"lous, a.

Defn: Counteractive of bilious complaints; tending to relieve biliousness.

ANTIBODY An"ti*bod`y, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Any of various bodies or substances in the blood which act in antagonism to harmful foreign bodies, as toxins or the bacteria producing the toxins. Normal blood serum apparently contains variousantibodies, and the introduction of toxins or of foreign cells also results in the development of their specific antibodies.

ANTIBRACHIAL An`ti*brach"i*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the antibrachium, or forearm.

ANTIBRACHIUM An`ti*brach"i*um, n. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: That part of the fore limb between the brachium and the carpus; the forearm.

ANTIBROMIC An`ti*bro"mic, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr.

Defn: An agent that destroys offensive smells; a deodorizer.

ANTIBUBONIC An`ti*bu*bon"ic, a.

Defn: Good or used against bubonic plague; as, antibubonic serum, obtained from immunized horses; antibubonic vaccine, a sterilized bouillon culture of the plague bacillus; antibubonic measures.

ANTIBURGHER An`ti*burgh"er, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One who seceded from the Burghers (1747), deeming it improper to take the Burgess oath.

ANTIC An"tic, a. Etym: [The same word as antique; cf. It. antico ancient. See Antique.]

1. Old; antique. (Zoöl.)

Defn: "Lords of antic fame." Phaer.

2. Odd; fantastic; fanciful; grotesque; ludicrous. The antic postures of a merry-andrew. Addison. The Saxons . . . worshiped many idols, barbarous in name, some monstrous, all antic for shape. Fuller.

ANTIC An"tic, n.

1. A buffoon or merry-andrew; one that practices odd gesticulations; the Fool of the old play.

2. An odd imagery, device, or tracery; a fantastic figure. Woven with antics and wild imagery. Spenser.

3. A grotesque trick; a piece of buffoonery; a caper. And fraught with antics as the Indian bird That writhes and chatters in her wiry cage. Wordsworth.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: A grotesque representation. [Obs.]

5. An antimask. [Obs. or R.] Performed by knights and ladies of his court In nature of an antic. Ford.

ANTIC An"tic, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anticked, Antickt.]

Defn: To make appear like a buffoon. [Obs.] Shak.

ANTIC An"tic, v. i.

Defn: To perform antics.

ANTICATARRHAL An`ti*ca*tarrh`al, a. (Med.)

Defn: Efficacious against catarrh. -- n.

Defn: An anticatarrhal remedy.

ANTICATHODE An`ti*cath"ode, n. (Phys.)

Defn: The part of a vacuum tube opposite the cathode. Upon it the cathode rays impinge.

ANTICAUSODIC An`ti*cau*sod"ic, a. & n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Anticausotic.

ANTICAUSOTIC An`ti*cau*sot"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Good against an inflammatory fever. -- n.

Defn: A remedy for such a fever.

ANTICHAMBER An"ti*cham`ber, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Antechamber.

ANTICHLOR An"ti*chlor, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + chlorine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any substance (but especially sodium hyposulphite) used in removing the excess of chlorine left in paper pulp or stuffs after bleaching.

ANTICHRIST An"ti*christ, n. Etym: [L. Antichristus, Gr.

Defn: A denier or opponent of Christ. Specif.: A great antagonist, person or power, expected to precede Christ's second coming.

ANTICHRISTIAN An`ti*chris"tian, a.

Defn: Opposed to the Christian religion.

ANTICHRISTIANISM; ANTICHRISTIANITY An`ti*chris"tian*ism, An`ti*chris*tian"i*ty, n.

Defn: Opposition or contrariety to the Christian religion.

ANTICHRISTIANLY An`ti*chris"tian*ly, adv.

Defn: In an antichristian manner.

ANTICHRONICAL An`ti*chron"ic*al, a.

Defn: Deviating from the proper order of time. -- An`ti*chron"ic*al*ly, adv.

ANTICHRONISM An*tich"ro*nism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Deviation from the true order of time; anachronism. [R.] Selden.

ANTICHTHON An*tich"thon, n.; pl. Antichthones. Etym: [Gr.

1. A hypothetical earth counter to ours, or on the opposite side of the sun. Grote.

2. pl.

Defn: Inhabitants of opposite hemispheres. Whewell.

ANTICIPANT An*tic"i*pant, a. Etym: [L. anticipans, p. pr. of anticipare.]

Defn: Anticipating; expectant; -- with of. Wakening guilt, anticipant of hell. Southey.

ANTICIPATE An*tic"i*pate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anticipated; p. pr. & vb. n. Anticipating.] Etym: [L. anticipatus, p. p. of anticipare to anticipate; ante + capere to make. See Capable.]

1. To be before in doing; to do or take before another; to preclude or prevent by prior action. To anticipate and prevent the duke's purpose. R. Hall. He would probably have died by the hand of the executioner, if indeed the executioner had not been anticipated by the populace. Macaulay.

2. To take up or introduce beforehand, or before the proper or normal time; to cause to occur earlier or prematurely; as, the advocate has anticipated a part of his argument.

3. To foresee (a wish, command, etc.) and do beforehand that which will be desired.

4. To foretaste or foresee; to have a previous view or impression of; as, to anticipate the pleasures of a visit; to anticipate the evils of life.

Syn. -- To prevent; obviate; preclude; forestall; expect. -- To Anticipate, Expect. These words, as here compared, agree in regarding some future event as about to take place. Expect is the stringer. It supposes some ground or reason in the mind for considering the event as likely to happen. Anticipate is, literally, to take beforehand, and here denotes simply to take into the mind as conception of the future. Hence, to say, "I did not anticipate a refusal," expresses something less definite and strong than to say, " did not expect it." Still, anticipate is a convenient word to be interchanged with expect in cases where the thought will allow. Good with bad Expect to hear; supernal grace contending With sinfulness of men. Milton. I would not anticipate the relish of any happiness, nor feel the weight of any misery, before it actually arrives. Spectator. Timid men were anticipating another civil war. Macaulay.

ANTICIPATION An*tic`i*pa"tion, n. Etym: [L. anticipatio: cf. F. anticipation.]

1. The act of anticipating, taking up, placing, or considering something beforehand, or before the proper time in natural order. So shall my anticipation prevent your discovery. Shak.

2. Previous view or impression of what is to happen; instinctive prevision; foretaste; antepast; as, the anticipation of the joys of heaven. The happy anticipation of renewed existence in company with the spirits of the just. Thodey.

3. Hasty notion; intuitive preconception. Many men give themselves up to the first anticipations of their minds. Locke.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: The commencing of one or more tones of a chord with or during the chord preceding, forming a momentary discord.

Syn. -- Preoccupation; preclusion; foretaste; prelibation; antepast; pregustation; preconception; expectation; foresight; forethought.

ANTICIPATIVE An*tic"i*pa*tive, a.

Defn: Anticipating, or containing anticipation. "Anticipative of the feast to come." Cary. -- An*tic"i*pa*tive*ly, adv.

ANTICIPATOR An*tic"i*pa`tor, n.

Defn: One who anticipates.

ANTICIPATORY An*tic"i*pa*to*ry, a.

Defn: Forecasting; of the nature of anticipation. Owen. Here is an anticipatory glance of what was to be. J. C. Shairp.

ANTICIVIC An`ti*civ"ic, n.

Defn: Opposed to citizenship.

ANTICIVISM An`ti*civ"ism, n.

Defn: Opposition to the body politic of citizens. [Obs.] Carlyle.

ANTICLASTIC An`ti*clas"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- = Gr.

Defn: Having to opposite curvatures, that is, curved longitudinally in one direction and transversely in the opposite direction, as the surface of a saddle.

ANTICLIMAX An`ti*cli"max, n. (Rhet.)

Defn: A sentence in which the ideas fall, or become less important and striking, at the close; -- the opposite of climax. It produces a ridiculous effect. Example: Next comes Dalhousie, the great god of war, Lieutenant-colonel to the Earl ANTICLINAL An`ti*cli"nal, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr.

Defn: Inclining or dipping in opposite directions. See Synclinal. Anticlinal line, Anticlinal axis (Geol.), a line from which strata dip in opposite directions, as from the ridge of a roof. -- Anticlinal vertebra (Anat.), one of the dorsal vertebræ, which in many animals has an upright spine toward which the spines of the neighboring vertebræ are inclined.

ANTICLINAL An`ti*cli"nal, n. (Geol.)

Defn: The crest or line in which strata slope or dip in opposite directions.

ANTICLINE An"ti*cline, n. [See Anticlinal.] (Geol.)

Defn: A structure of bedded rocks in which the beds on both sides of an axis or axial plane dip away from the axis; an anticlinal.

ANTICLINORIUM An`ti*cli*no"ri*um, n.; pl. Anticlinoria. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: The upward elevation of the crust of the earth, resulting from a geanticlinal.

ANTICLY An"tic*ly, adv.

Defn: Oddly; grotesquely.

ANTIC-MASK An"tic-mask`, n.

Defn: An antimask. B. Jonson.

ANTICNESS An"tic*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being antic. Ford.

ANTICOHERER An`ti*co*her"er, n. (Wireless Teleg.)

Defn: A device, one form of which consists of a scratched deposit of silver on glass, used in connection with the receiving apparatus for reading wireless signals. The electric waves falling on this contrivance increase its resistance several times. The anticoherer can be used in conjunction with a telephone.

ANTICONSTITUTIONAL An`ti*con`sti*tu"tion*al, a.

Defn: Opposed to the constitution; unconstitutional.

ANTICONTAGIOUS An`ti*con*ta"gious, a. (Med.)

Defn: Opposing or destroying contagion.

ANTICONVULSIVE An`ti*con*vul"sive, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against convulsions. J. Floyer.

ANTICOR An"ti*cor, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + L. cor heart; cf. F. antic.] (Far.)

Defn: A dangerous inflammatory swelling of a horse's breast, just opposite the heart.

ANTICOUS An*ti"cous, a. Etym: [L. anticus in front, foremost, fr. ante before.] (Bot.)

Defn: Facing toward the axis of the flower, as in the introrse anthers of the water lily.

ANTICYCLONE An"ti*cy`clone, n. (Meteorol.)

Defn: A movement of the atmosphere opposite in character, as regards direction of the wind and distribution of barometric pressure, to that of a cyclone. -- An`ti*cy*clon"ic, a. -- An`ti*cy*clon"ic*al*ly, adv.

ANTIDIPHTHERITIC An`ti*diph`the*rit"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Destructive to, or hindering the growth of, diphtheria bacilli. -- n.

Defn: An antidiphtheritic agent.

ANTIDOTAL An"ti*do`tal(#) a.

Defn: Having the quality an antidote; fitted to counteract the effects of poison. Sir T. Browne. -- An"ti*do`tal*ly, adv.

ANTIDOTARY An"ti*do`ta*ry, a.

Defn: Antidotal. -- n. Antidote; also, a book of antidotes.

ANTIDOTE An"ti*dote, n. Etym: [L. antidotum, Gr. antidote. See Dose, n.]

1. A remedy to counteract the effects of poison, or of anything noxious taken into the stomach; -- used with against, for, or to; as, an antidote against, for, or to, poison.

2. Whatever tends to prevent mischievous effects, or to counteract evil which something else might produce.

ANTIDOTE An"ti*dote, v. t.

1. To counteract or prevent the effects of, by giving or taking an antidote. Nor could Alexander himself . . . antidote . . . the poisonous draught, when it had once got into his veins. South.

2. To fortify or preserve by an antidote.

ANTIDOTICAL An`ti*dot"ic*al, a.

Defn: Serving as an antidote. -- An`ti*dot"ic*al*ly, adv.

ANTIDROMOUS An*tid"ro*mous, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Changing the direction in the spiral sequence of leaves on a stem.

ANTIDYSENTERIC An`ti*dys`en*ter"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against dysentery. -- n.

Defn: A medicine for dysentery.

ANTIEMETIC An`ti*e*met"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Antemetic.

ANTIEPHIALTIC An`ti*eph`i*al"tic, a. & n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Antephialtic.

ANTIEPILEPTIC An`ti*ep`i*lep"tic, a. & n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Antepileptic.

ANTIFEBRILE An`ti*fe"brile, a. & n. (Med.)

Defn: Febrifuge.

ANTIFEBRINE An`ti*feb"rine, n. (Med.)

Defn: Acetanilide.

ANTI-FEDERALIST An`ti-fed"er*al*ist, n.

Defn: One of party opposed to a federative government; -- applied particularly to the party which opposed the adoption of the constitution of the United States. Pickering.

ANTIFRICTION An`ti*fric"tion, n.

Defn: Something to lessea. Tending to lessen friction.

ANTIGALASTIC An`ti*ga*las"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr.

Defn: Causing a diminution or a suppression of the secretion of milk.

ANTI-GALLICAN An`ti-Gal"li*can, a.

Defn: Opposed to what is Gallic or French.

ANTIGRAPH An"ti*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. antigraphe.]

Defn: A copy or transcript.

ANTIGUGGLER An`ti*gug"gler n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + guggle or gurgle.]

Defn: A crooked tube of metal, to be introduced into the neck of a bottle for drawing out the liquid without disturbing the sediment or causing a gurgling noise.

ANTIHELIX An`ti*he"lix, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The curved elevation of the cartilage of the ear, within or in front of the helix. See Ear.

ANTIHEMORRHAGIC An`ti*hem`or*rhag"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Tending to stop hemorrhage. -- n.

Defn: A remedy for hemorrhage.

ANTIHYDROPHOBIC An`ti*hy`dro*phob"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Counteracting or preventing hydrophobia. -- n.

Defn: A remedy for hydrophobia.

ANTIHYDROPIC An`ti*hy*drop"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against dropsy. -- n.

Defn: A remedy for dropsy.

ANTIHYPNOTIC An`ti*hyp*not"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Tending to prevent sleep. -- n.

Defn: An antihypnotic agent.

ANTIHYPOCHONDRIAC An`ti*hyp`o*chon"dri*ac, a. (Med.)

Defn: Counteractive of hypochondria. -- n.

Defn: A remedy for hypochondria.

ANTIHYSTERIC An`ti*hys*ter"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Counteracting hysteria. -- n.

Defn: A remedy for hysteria.

ANTIICTERIC An`ti*ic*ter"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against jaundice. -- n.

Defn: A remedy for jaundice.

ANTI-IMPERIALISM An`ti-im*pe"ri*al*ism, n.

Defn: Opposition to imperialism; -- applied specif., in the United States, after the Spanish-American war (1898), to the attitude or principles of those opposing territorial expansion; in England, of those, often called Little Englanders, opposing the extension of the empire and the closer relation of its parts, esp. in matters of commerce and imperial defense. -- An`ti-im*pe"ri*al*ist, n. -- An`ti- im*pe`ri*al*is"tic (#), a.

ANTILEGOMENA An`ti*le*gom"e*na, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Eccl.)

Defn: Certain books of the New Testament which were for a time not universally received, but which are now considered canonical. These are the Epistle to the Hebrews, the Epistles of James and Jude, the second Epistle of Peter, the second and third Epistles of John, and the Revelation. The undisputed books are called the Homologoumena.

ANTILIBRATION An`ti*li*bra"tion, n.

Defn: A balancing; equipoise. [R.] De Quincey.

ANTILITHIC An`ti*lith"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Tending to prevent the formation of urinary calculi, or to destroy them when formed. -- n.

Defn: An antilithic medicine.

ANTILOGARITHM An`ti*log"a*rithm, n. (Math.)

Defn: The number corresponding to a logarithm. The word has been sometimes, though rarely, used to denote the complement of a given logarithm; also the logarithmic cosine corresponding to a given logarithmic sine. -- An`ti*log`a*rith"mic, a.

ANTILOGOUS An*til"o*gous, a.

Defn: Of the contrary name or character; -- opposed to analogous. Antilogous pole (Eccl.), that pole of a crystal which becomes negatively electrified when heated.

ANTILOGY An*til"o*gy, n.; pl. Antilogies. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A contradiction between any words or passages in an author. Sir W. Hamilton.

ANTILOIMIC An`ti*loi"mic, n. (Med.)

Defn: A remedy against the plague. Brande & C.

ANTILOPINE An*til"o*pine, a.

Defn: Of or relating to the antelope.

ANTILOQUIST An*til"o*quist, n.

Defn: A contradicter. [Obs.]

ANTILOQUY An*til"o*quy, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + L. loqui to speak.]

Defn: Contradiction. [Obs.]

ANTILYSSIC An`ti*lys"sic, a. & n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Antihydrophobic.

ANTIMACASSAR An`ti*ma*cas"sar, n.

Defn: A cover for the back or arms of a chair or sofa, etc., to prevent them from being soiled by macassar or other oil from the hair.

ANTIMAGISTRICAL An`ti*ma*gis"tric*al, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + magistrical for magistratical.]

Defn: Opposed to the office or authority of magistrates. [Obs.] South.

ANTIMALARIAL An`ti*ma*la"ri*al, a.

Defn: Good against malaria.

ANTIMASK An"ti*mask`, n.

Defn: A secondary mask, or grotesque interlude, between the parts of a serious mask. [Written also anue.] Bacon.

ANTIMASON An`ti*ma"son, n.

Defn: One opposed to Freemasonry. -- An`ti*ma*son"ic, a.

ANTIMASONRY An`ti*ma"son*ry, n.

Defn: Opposition to Freemasonry.

ANTIMEPHITIC An`ti*me*phit"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against mephitic or deletplwious gases. -- n.

Defn: A remedy against mephitic gases. Dunglison.

ANTIMERE An"ti*mere, n. Etym: [. anti- + -mere.] (Biol.)

Defn: One of the two halves of bilaterally symmetrical animals; one of any opposite symmetrical or homotypic parts in animals and plants.

ANTIMETABOLE An`ti*me*tab"o*le, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure in which the same words or ideas are repeated in transposed order.

ANTIMETATHESIS An`ti*me*tath"e*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: An antithesis in which the members are repeated in inverse order.

ANTIMETER An*tim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A modification of the quadrant, for measuring small angles. [Obs.]

ANTIMONARCHIC; ANTIMONARCHICAL An`ti*mo*nar"chic, An`ti*mo*nar"chic*al,

Defn: Opposed to monarchial government. Bp. Benson. Addison.

ANTIMONARCHIST An`ti*mon"arch*ist, n.

Defn: An enemy to monarchial government.

ANTIMONATE An`ti*mo"nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of antimonic acid with a base or basic radical. [Written also antimoniate.]

ANTIMONIAL An`ti*mo"ni*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to antimony. -- n. (Med.)

Defn: A preparation or medicine containing antimony. Antimonial powder, a consisting of one part oxide of antimony and two parts phosphate of calcium; -- also called James's powder.

ANTIMONIATED An`ti*mo"ni*a`ted, a.

Defn: Combined or prepared with antimony; as, antimoniated tartar.

ANTIMONIC An`ti*mon"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, antimony; -- said of those compounds of antimony in which this element has its highest equivalence; as, antimonic acid.

ANTIMONIOUS An`ti*mo"ni*ous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, antimony; -- said of those compounds of antimony in which this element has an equivalence next lower than the highest; as, antimonious acid.

ANTIMONITE An"ti*mo*nite`, n.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of antimonious acid and a base or basic radical.

2. (Min.)

Defn: Stibnite.

ANTIMONIURETED An`ti*mo"ni*u*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Combined with or containing antimony; as, antimoniureted hydrogen. [Written also antimoniuretted.]

ANTIMONSOON An"ti*mon*soon", n. (Meteor.)

Defn: The upper, contrary-moving current of the atmosphere over a monsoon.

ANTIMONY An"ti*mo*ny, n. Etym: [LL. antimonium, of unknown origin.] (Chem.)

Defn: An elementary substance, resembling a metal in its appearance and physical properties, but in its chemical relations belonging to the class of nonmetallic substances. Atomic weight, 120. Symbol, Sb.

Note: It is of tin-white color, brittle, laminated or crystalline, fusible, and vaporizable at a rather low temperature. It is used in some metallic alloys, as type metal and bell metal, and also for medical preparations, which are in general emetics or cathartics. By ancient writers, and some moderns, the term is applied to native gray ore of antimony, or stibnite (the stibium of the Romans, and the Cervantite, senarmontite, and valentinite are native oxides of antimony.

ANTINATIONAL An`ti*na"tion*al, a.

Defn: Antagonistic to one's country or nation, or to a national government.

ANTINEPHRITIC An`ti*ne*phrit"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Counteracting, or deemed of use in, diseases of the kidneys. -- n.

Defn: An antinephritic remedy.

ANTINOMIAN An`ti*no"mi*an, a. Etym: [See Antimony.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Antinomians; opposed to the doctrine that the moral law is obligatory.

ANTINOMIAN An`ti*no"mi*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One who maintains that, under the gospel dispensation, the moral law is of no use or obligation, but that faith alone is necessary to salvation. The sect of Antinomians originated with John Agricola, in Germany, about the year 1535. Mosheim.

ANTINOMIANISM An`ti*no"mi*an*ism, n.

Defn: The tenets or practice of Antinomians. South.

ANTINOMIST An*tin"o*mist, n.

Defn: An Antinomian. [R.] Bp. Sanderson.

ANTINOMY An*tin"o*my, n.; pl. Antinomies. Etym: [L. antinomia, Gr.

1. Opposition of one law or rule to another law or rule. Different commentators have deduced from it the very opposite doctrines. In some instances this apparent antinomy is doubtful. De Quincey.

2. An opposing law or rule of any kind. As it were by his own antinomy, or counterstatute. Milton.

3. (Metaph.)

Defn: A contradiction or incompatibility of thought or language; -- in the Kantian philosophy, such a contradiction as arises from the attempt to apply to the ideas of the reason, relations or attributes which are appropriate only to the facts or the concepts of experience.

ANTIOCHIAN An`ti*o"chi*an, a.

1. Pertaining to Antiochus, a contemporary with Cicero, and the founder of a sect of philosophers.

2. Of or pertaining to the city of Antioch, in Syria. Antiochian epoch (Chron.), a method of computing time, from the proclamation of liberty granted to the city of Antioch, about the time of the battle of Pharsalia, B.C. 48.

ANTIODONTALGIC An`ti*o`don*tal"gic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Efficacious in curing toothache. -- n.

Defn: A remedy for toothache.

ANTIORGASTIC An`ti*or*gas"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Tending to allay venereal excitement or desire; sedative.

ANTIPAPAL An`ti*pa"pal, a.

Defn: Opposed to the pope or to popery. Milton.

ANTIPARALLEL An`ti*par"al*lel, a.

Defn: Running in a contrary direction. Hammond.

ANTIPARALLELS An`ti*par"al*lels, n. pl. (Geom.)

Defn: Straight lines or planes which make angles in some respect opposite in character to those made by parallel lines or planes.

ANTIPARALYTIC An`ti*par`a*lyt"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against paralysis. -- n.

Defn: A medicine for paralysis.

ANTIPARALYTICAL An`ti*par`a*lyt"ic*al, a.

Defn: Antiparalytic.

ANTIPASCH An"ti*pasch, n. [Pref. anti-+ pasch.] (Eccl.)

Defn: The Sunday after Easter; Low Sunday.

ANTIPATHETIC; ANTIPATHETICAL An`ti*pa*thet"ic, An`ti*pa*thet"ic*al, a.

Defn: Having a natural contrariety, or constitutional aversion, to a thing; characterized by antipathy; -- often followed by to. Fuller.

ANTIPATHIC An`ti*path"ic, a. Etym: [NL. antipathicus, Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Belonging to antipathy; opposite; contrary; allopathic.

ANTIPATHIST An*tip"a*thist, n.

Defn: One who has an antipathy. [R.] "Antipathist of light." Coleridge.

ANTIPATHIZE An*tip"a*thize, v. i.

Defn: To feel or show antipathy. [R.]

ANTIPATHOUS An*tip"a*thous, a.

Defn: Having a natural contrariety; adverse; antipathetic. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

ANTIPATHY An*tip"a*thy, n.; pl. Antipathies. Etym: [L. antipathia, Gr. antipathie. See Pathos.]

1. Contrariety or opposition in feeling; settled aversion or dislike; repugnance; distaste. Inveterate antipathies against particular nations, and passionate attachments to others, are to be avoided. Washington.

2. Natural contrariety; incompatibility; repugnancy of qualities; as, oil and water have antipathy. A habit is generated of thinking that a natural antipathy exists between hope and reason. I. Taylor.

Note: Any is opposed to sympathy. It is followed by to, against, or between; also sometimes by for.

Syn. -- Hatred; aversion; dislike; disgust; distaste; enmity; ill will; repugnance; contrariety; opposition. See Dislike.

ANTIPEPTONE An`ti*pep"tone, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A product of gastric and pancreatic digestion, differing from hemipeptone in not being decomposed by the continued action of pancreatic juice.

ANTIPERIODIC An`ti*pe`ri*od"ic, n. (Med.)

Defn: A remedy possessing the property of preventing the return of periodic paroxysms, or exacerbations, of disease, as in intermittent fevers.

ANTIPERISTALTIC An`ti*per`i*stal"tic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Opposed to, or checking motion; acting upward; -- applied to an inverted action of the intestinal tube.

ANTIPERISTASIS An`ti*pe*ris"ta*sis, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Opposition by which the quality opposed asquires strength; resistance or reaction roused by opposition or by the action of an opposite principle or quality.

ANTIPERISTATIC An`ti*per`i*stat"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to antiperistasis.

ANTIPETALOUS An`ti*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + petal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Standing before a petal, as a stamen.

ANTIPHARMIC An`ti*phar"mic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Antidotal; alexipharmic.

ANTIPHLOGISTIAN An`ti*phlo*gis"tian, n.

Defn: An opposer of the theory of phlogiston.

ANTIPHLOGISTIC An`ti*phlo*gis"tic, a.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: Opposed to the doctrine of phlogiston.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Counteracting inflammation.

ANTIPHLOGISTIC An`ti*phlo*gis"tic, n. (Med.)

Defn: Any medicine or diet which tends to check inflammation. Coxe.

ANTIPHON An"ti*phon, n. Etym: [LL. antiphona, fr. Gr. Anthem.]

1. A musical response; alternate singing or chanting. See Antiphony, and Antiphone.

2. A verse said before and after the psalms. Shipley.

ANTIPHONAL An*tiph"o*nal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to antiphony, or alternate singing; sung alternately by a divided choir or opposite choirs. Wheatly. -- An*tiph"o*nal*ly, adv.

ANTIPHONAL An*tiph"o*nal, n.

Defn: A book of antiphons or anthems.

ANTIPHONARY An*tiph"o*na*ry, n. Etym: [LL. antiphonarium. See Antiphoner.]

Defn: A book containing a collection of antiphons; the book in which the antiphons of the breviary, with their musical notes, are contained.

ANTIPHONE An"ti*phone, n. (Mus.)

Defn: The response which one side of the choir makes to the other in a chant; alternate chanting or signing.

ANTIPHONER An*tiph"o*ner, n. Etym: [F. antiphonaire. See Antiphon.]

Defn: A book of antiphons. Chaucer.

ANTIPHONIC An`ti*phon"ic, a.

Defn: Antiphonal.

ANTIPHONY An*tiph"o*ny, n.; pl. Antiphonies. Etym: [See Antiphon.]

1. A musical response; also, antiphonal chanting or signing.

2. An anthem or psalm sung alternately by a choir or congregation divided into two parts. Also figuratively. O! never more for me shall winds intone, With all your tops, a vast antiphony. R. Browning.

ANTIPHRASIS An*tiph"ra*sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: The use of words in a sense opposite to their proper meaning; as when a court of justice is called a court of vengeance.

ANTIPHRASTIC; ANTIPHRASTICAL An`ti*phras"tic, An`ti*phras"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to antiphrasis. -- An`ti*phras"tic*al*ly, adv.

ANTIPHTHISIC An`ti*phthis"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Relieving or curing phthisis, or consumption. -- n.

Defn: A medicine for phthisis.

ANTIPHYSICAL An`ti*phys"ic*al, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + physical.]

Defn: Contrary to nature; unnatural.

ANTIPHYSICAL An`ti*phys"ic*al, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Relieving flatulence; carminative.

ANTIPLASTIC An`ti*plas"tic, a.

1. Diminishing plasticity.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Preventing or checking the process of healing, or granulation.

ANTIPODAGRIC An`ti*po*dag"ric, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against gout. -- n.

Defn: A medicine for gout.

ANTIPODAL An*tip"o*dal, a.

1. Pertaining to the antipodes; situated on the opposite side of the globe.

2. Diametrically opposite. His antipodal shadow." Lowell.

ANTIPODE An"ti*pode, n.

Defn: One of the antipodes; anything exactly opposite. In tale or history your beggar is ever the just antipode to your king. Lamb.

Note: The singular, antipode, is exceptional in formation, but has been used by good writers. Its regular English plural would be ân"tî*podes, the last syllable rhyming with abodes, and this pronunciation is sometimes heard. The plural form (originally a Latin word without a singular) is in common use, and is pronounced, after the English method of Latin, ân*tîp"o*dez.

ANTIPODEAN An`ti*po"de*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the antipodes, or the opposite side of the world; antipodal.

ANTIPODES An*tip"o*des, n. Etym: [L. pl., fr. Gr.

1. Those who live on the side of the globe diametrically opposite.

2. The country of those who live on the opposite side of the globe. Latham.

3. Anything exactly opposite or contrary. Can there be a greater contrariety unto Christ's judgment, a more perfect antipodes to all that hath hitherto been gospel Hammond.

ANTIPOLE An"ti*pole, n.

Defn: The opposite pole; anything diametrically opposed. Geo. Eliot.

ANTIPOPE An"ti*pope, n.

Defn: One who is elected, or claims to be, pope in opposition to the pope canonically chosen; esp. applied to those popes who resided at Avignon during the Great Schism.

ANTIPSORIC An`tip*sor"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of use in curing the itch. -- n.

Defn: An antipsoric remedy.

ANTIPTOSIS An`tip*to"sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: The putting of one case for another.

ANTIPUTREFACTIVE; ANTIPUTRESCENT An`ti*pu`tre*fac"tive, An`ti*pu*tres"cent, a.

Defn: Counteracting, or preserving from, putrefaction; antiseptic.

ANTIPYIC An`ti*py"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Checking or preventing suppuration. -- n.

Defn: An antipyic medicine.

ANTIPYRESIS An`ti*py*re"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The condition or state of being free from fever.

ANTIPYRETIC An`ti*py*ret"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Efficacious in preventing or allaying fever. -- n.

Defn: A febrifuge.

ANTIPYRINE An`ti*py"rine, n. (Med.)

Defn: An artificial alkaloid, believed to be efficient in abating fever.

ANTIPYROTIC An`ti*py*rot"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against burns or pyrosis. -- n.

Defn: Anything of use in preventing or healing burns or pyrosis.

ANTIQUARIAN An`ti*qua"ri*an, a. Etym: [See Antiquary].

Defn: Pertaining to antiquaries, or to antiquity; as, antiquarian literature.

ANTIQUARIAN An`ti*qua"ri*an, n.

1. An antiquary.

2. A drawing paper of large size. See under Paper, n.

ANTIQUARIANISM An`ti*qua"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: Character of an antiquary; study or love of antiquities. Warburton.

ANTIQUARIANIZE An`ti*qua"ri*an*ize, v. i.

Defn: To act the part of an antiquary. [Colloq.]

ANTIQUARY An"ti*qua*ry, a. Etym: [L. antiquarius, fr. antiquus ancient. See Antique.]

Defn: Pertaining to antiquity. [R.] "Instructed by the antiquary times." Shak.

ANTIQUARY An"ti*qua*ry, n.; pl. Antiquaries.

Defn: One devoted to the study of ancient times through their relics, as inscriptions, monuments, remains of ancient habitations, statues, coins, manuscripts, etc.; one who searches for and studies the relics of antiquity.

ANTIQUATE An"ti*quate, v. t. Etym: [L. antiquatus, p. p. of antiquare, fr. antiquus ancient.]

Defn: To make old, or obsolete; to make antique; to make old in such a degree as to put out of use; hence, to make void, or abrogate. Christianity might reasonably introduce new laws, and antiquate or abrogate old one. Sir M. Hale.

ANTIQUATED An"ti*qua`ted, a.

Defn: Grown old. Hence: Bygone; obsolete; out of use; old-fashioned; as, an antiquated law. "Antiquated words." Dryden. Old Janet, for so he understood his antiquated attendant was denominated. Sir W. Scott.

Syn. -- Ancient; old; antique; obsolete. See Ancient.

ANTIQUATEDNESS An"ti*qua`ted*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being antiquated.

ANTIQUATENESS An"ti*quate*ness, n.

Defn: Antiquatedness. [Obs.]

ANTIQUATION An`ti*qua"tion, n. Etym: [L. antiquatio, fr. antiquare.]

Defn: The act of making antiquated, or the state of being antiquated. Beaumont.

ANTIQUE An*tique", a. Etym: [F., fr. L. antiquus old, ancient, equiv. to anticus, from ante before. Cf. Antic.]

1. Old; ancient; of genuine antiquity; as, an antique statue. In this sense it usually refers to the flourishing ages of Greece and Rome. For the antique world excess and pride did hate. Spenser.

2. Old, as respects the present age, or a modern period of time; of old fashion; antiquated; as, an antique robe. "Antique words." Spenser.

3. Made in imitation of antiquity; as, the antique style of Thomson's "Castle of Indolence."

4. Odd; fantastic. [In this sense, written antic.]

Syn. -- Ancient; antiquated; obsolete; antic; old-fashioned; old. See Ancient.

ANTIQUE An*tique", n. Etym: [F. See Antique, a. ]

Defn: In general, anything very old; but in a more limited sense, a relic or object of ancient art; collectively, the antique, the remains of ancient art, as busts, statues, paintings, and vases. Misshapen monuments and maimed antiques. Byron.

ANTIQUELY An*tique"ly, adv.

Defn: In an antique manner.

ANTIQUENESS An*tique"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being antique; an appearance of ancient origin and workmanship. We may discover something venerable in the antiqueness of the work. Addison.

ANTIQUIST An"ti*quist, n.

Defn: An antiquary; a collector of antiques. [R.] Pinkerton.

ANTIQUITARIAN An*tiq`ui*ta"ri*an, n.

Defn: An admirer of antiquity.

Note: [Used by Milton in a disparaging sense.] [Obs.]

ANTIQUITY An*tiq"ui*ty, n.; pl. Antiquities. Etym: [L. antiquitas, fr. antiquus: cf. F. antiquité. See Antique.]

1. The quality of being ancient; ancientness; great age; as, a statue of remarkable antiquity; a family of great antiquity.

2. Old age. [Obs.] It not your voice broken . . . and every part about you blasted with antiquity Shak.

3. Ancient times; former ages; times long since past; as, Cicero was an eloquent orator of antiquity.

4. The ancients; the people of ancient times. That such pillars were raised by Seth all antiquity has Sir W. Raleigh.

5. An old gentleman. [Obs.] You are a shrewd antiquity, neighbor Clench. B. Jonson.

6. A relic or monument of ancient times; as, a coin, a statue, etc. ; an ancient institution.

Note: [In this sense, usually in the plural.] "Heathen antiquities." Bacon.

ANTIRACHITIC An`ti*ra*chit"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against the rickets.

ANTIRENTER An`ti*rent"er, n.

Defn: One opposed to the payment of rent; esp. one of those who in 1840-47 resisted the collection of rents claimed by the patroons from the settlers on certain manorial lands in the State of New York. -- An`ti*rent"ism, n.

ANTISABBATARIAN An`ti*sab`ba*ta"ri*an, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: One of a sect which opposes the observance of the Christian Sabbath.

ANTISACERDOTAL An`ti*sac`er*do"tal, a.

Defn: Hostile to priests or the priesthood. Waterland.

ANTISCIANS; ANTISCII An*tis"cians, An*tis"ci*i, n. pl. Etym: [L. antiscii, Gr.

Defn: The inhabitants of the earth, living on different sides of the equator, whose shadows at noon are cast in opposite directions. The inhabitants of the north and south temperate zones are always Antiscians. Brande & C.

ANTISCOLETIC; ANTISCOLIC An`ti*sco*let"ic, An`ti*scol"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Anthelmintic.

ANTISCORBUTIC An`ti*scor*bu"tic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Counteracting scurvy. -- n.

Defn: A remedy for scurvy.

ANTISCORBUTICAL An`ti*scor*bu"tic*al, a. (Med.)

Defn: Antiscorbutic.

ANTISCRIPTURAL An`ti*scrip"tur*al, a.

Defn: Opposed to, or not in accordance with, the Holy Scriptures.

ANTI-SEMITISM An`ti-Sem"i*tism, n.

Defn: Opposition to, or hatred of, Semites, esp. Jews. -- An`ti- Sem"ite (#), n. -- An`ti-Sem*it"ic (#), a.

ANTISEPALOUS An`ti*sep"al*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + sepal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Standing before a sepal, or calyx leaf.

ANTISEPSIS An`ti*sep"sis, n. [NL. See Anti-; Sepsis.]

Defn: Prevention of sepsis by excluding or destroying microorganisms.

ANTISEPTIC; ANTISEPTICAL An`ti*sep"tic, An`ti*sep"tic*al, a.

Defn: Counteracting or preventing putrefaction, or a putrescent tendency in the system; antiputrefactive. Antiseptic surgery, that system of surgical practice which insists upon a systematic use of antiseptics in the performance of operations and the dressing of wounds.

ANTISEPTIC An`ti*sep"tic, n.

Defn: A substance which prevents or retards putrefaction, or destroys, or protects from, putrefactive organisms; as, salt, carbolic acid, alcohol, cinchona.

ANTISEPTICALLY An`ti*sep"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By means of antiseptics.

ANTISIALAGOGUE An`ti*si*al"a*gogue, a. (Med.)

Defn: Checking the flow of saliva.

ANTISIALAGOGUE An`ti*si*al"a*gogue, n.

Defn: A remedy against excessive salivation.

ANTISLAVERY An`ti*slav"er*y, a.

Defn: Opposed to slavery. -- n.

Defn: Opposition to slavery.

ANTISOCIAL An`ti*so"cial, a.

Defn: Tending to interrupt or destroy social intercourse; averse to society, or hostile to its existence; as, antisocial principles.

ANTISOCIALIST An`ti*so"cial*ist, n.

Defn: One opposed to the doctrines and practices of socialists or socialism.

ANTISOLAR An`ti*so"lar, a.

Defn: Opposite to the sun; -- said of the point in the heavens 180º distant from the sun.

ANTISPASMODIC An`ti*spas*mod"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against spasms. -- n.

Defn: A medicine which prevents or allays spasms or convulsions.

ANTISPAST An"ti*spast, n. Etym: [L. antispastus, Gr. (Pros.)

Defn: A foot of four syllables, the first and fourth short, and the second and third long.

ANTISPASTIC An`ti*spas"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. Antispast.] (Med.) (a) Believed to cause a revulsion of fluids or of humors from one part to another. [Obs.] (b) Counteracting spasms; antispasmodic. -- n.

Defn: An antispastic agent.

ANTISPLENETIC An`ti*splen"e*tic (Splenetic, 277), a.

Defn: Good as a remedy against disease of the spleen. -- n.

Defn: An antisplenetic medicine.

ANTISTROPHE An*tis"tro*phe, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Strophe.]

1. In Greek choruses and dances, the returning of the chorus, exactly answering to a previous strophe or movement from right to left. Hence: The lines of this part of the choral song. It was customary, on some occasions, to dance round the altars whilst they sang the sacred hymns, which consisted of three stanzas or parts; the first of which, called strophe, was sung in turning from east to west; the other, named antistrophe, in returning from west to east; then they stood before the altar, and sang the epode, which was the last part of the song. Abp. Potter.

2. (Rhet.) (a) The repetition of words in an inverse order; as, the master of the servant and the servant of the master. (b) The retort or turning of an adversary's plea against him.

ANTISTROPHIC An`ti*stroph"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an antistrophe.

ANTISTROPHON An*tis"tro*phon, n. Etym: [Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: An argument retorted on an opponent. Milton.

ANTISTRUMATIC An`ti*stru"mat"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Antistrumous. -- n.

Defn: A medicine for scrofula.

ANTISTRUMOUS An`ti*stru"mous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against scrofulous disorders. Johnson. Wiseman.

ANTISYPHILITIC An`ti*syph`i*lit"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Efficacious against syphilis. -- n.

Defn: A medicine for syphilis.

ANTITHEISM An`ti*the"ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine of antitheists. -- An`ti*the*is"tic, a.

ANTITHEIST An`ti*the"ist, n.

Defn: A disbeliever in the existence of God.

ANTITHESIS An*tith"e*sis, n.; pl. Antitheses. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Thesis.]

1. (Rhet.)

Defn: An opposition or contrast of words or sentiments occurring in the same sentence; as, "The prodigal robs his heir; the miser robs himself." "He had covertly shot at Cromwell; he how openly aimed at the Queen."

2. The second of two clauses forming an antithesis.

3. Opposition; contrast.

ANTITHET An"ti*thet, n. Etym: [L. antitheton, fr. Gr.

Defn: An antithetic or contrasted statement. Bacon.

ANTITHETIC; ANTITHETICAL An`ti*thet"ic, An`ti*thet"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to antithesis, or opposition of words and sentiments; containing, or of the nature of, antithesis; contrasted.

ANTITHETICALLY An`ti*thet"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By way antithesis.

ANTITOXIN; ANTITOXINE An`ti*tox"in, An`ti*tox"ine, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + toxin.]

Defn: A substance (sometimes the product of a specific micro-organism and sometimes naturally present in the blood or tissues of an animal), capable of producing immunity from certain diseases, or of counteracting the poisonous effects of pathogenic bacteria.

ANTI-TRADE An"ti-trade`, n.

Defn: A tropical wind blowing steadily in a direction opposite to the trade wind.

ANTITRAGUS An*tit"ra*gus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A prominence on the lower posterior portion of the concha of the external ear, opposite the tragus. See Ear.

ANTITROCHANTER An`ti*tro*chan"ter, n. (Anat.)

Defn: An articular surface on the ilium of birds against which the great trochanter of the femur plays.

ANTITROPAL; ANTITROPOUS An*tit"ro*pal, An*tit"ro*pous, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: At the extremity most remote from the hilum, as the embryo, or inverted with respect to the seed, as the radicle. Lindley.

ANTITYPAL An"ti*ty`pal, a.

Defn: Antitypical. [R.]

ANTITYPE An"ti*type, n. Etym: [Gr. Type.]

Defn: That of which the type pattern or representation; that which is represented by the type or symbol.

ANTITYPICAL An`ti*typ"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an antitype; explaining the type. -- An`ti*typ"ic*al*ly, adv.

ANTITYPOUS An*tit"y*pous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Resisting blows; hard. [Obs.] Cudworth.

ANTITYPY An*tit"y*py, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Opposition or resistance of matter to force. [R.] Sir W. Hamilton.

ANTIVACCINATION An`ti*vac`ci*na"tion, n.

Defn: Opposition to vaccination. London Times.

ANTIVACCINATIONIST An`ti*vac`ci*na"tion*ist, n.

Defn: An antivaccinist.

ANTIVACCINIST An`ti*vac"ci*nist, n.

Defn: One opposed to vaccination.

ANTIVARIOLOUS An`ti*va*ri"o*lous, a.

Defn: Preventing the contagion of smallpox.

ANTIVENEREAL An`ti*ve*ne"re*al, a.

Defn: Good against venereal poison; antisyphilitic.

ANTIVENIN An`ti*ve"nin, n. [Written also antivenen, antivenine.] [Pref. anti- + L. venenum poison.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The serum of blood rendered antitoxic to a venom by repeated injections of small doses of the venom.

ANTIVIVISECTION An`ti*viv`i*sec"tion, n.

Defn: Opposition to vivisection.

ANTIVIVISECTIONIST An`ti*viv`i*sec"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One opposed to vivisection

ANTIZYMIC An`ti*zym"ic, a.

Defn: Preventing fermentation.

ANTIZYMOTIC An`ti*zy*mot"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Preventing fermentation or decomposition. -- n.

Defn: An agent so used.

ANTLER Ant"ler, n. Etym: [OE. auntelere, OF. antoillier, andoiller, endouiller, fr. F. andouiller, fr. an assumed LL. antocularis, fr. L. ante before + oculus eye. See Ocular.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The entire horn, or any branch of the horn, of a cervine animal, as of a stag. Huge stags with sixteen antlers. Macaulay.

Note: The branch next to the head is called the brow antler, and the branch next above, the bez antler, or bay antler. The main stem is the beam, and the branches are often called tynes. Antlers are deciduous bony (not horny) growths, and are covered with a periosteum while growing. See Velvet. Antler moth (Zoöl.), a destructive European moth (Cerapteryx graminis), which devastates grass lands.

ANTLERED Ant"lered, a.

Defn: Furnished with antlers. The antlered stag. Cowper.

ANTLIA Ant"li*a, n.; pl. Antilæ. Etym: [L., a pump, Gr, (Zoöl.)

Defn: The spiral tubular proboscis of lepidopterous insects. See Lepidoptera.

ANT-LION Ant"-li`on, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A neuropterous insect, the larva of which makes in the sand a pitfall to capture ants, etc. The common American species is Myrmeleon obsoletus, the European is M. formicarius.

ANTOECI; ANTOECIANS An*toe"ci, An*toe"*cians, n. pl. Etym: [NL. antoeci, fr. Gr. pl.

Defn: Those who live under the same meridian, but on opposite parallels of latitude, north and south of the equator.

ANTONOMASIA An`to*no*ma"si*a, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: The use of some epithet or the name of some office, dignity, or the like, instead of the proper name of the person; as when his majesty is used for a king, or when, instead of Aristotle, we say, the philosopher; or, conversely, the use of a proper name instead of an appellative, as when a wise man is called a Solomon, or an eminent orator a Cicero.

ANTONOMASTIC An`to*no*mas"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, antonomasia. -- An`to*no*mas"tic*al*ly, adv.

ANTONOMASY An*ton"o*ma*sy, n.

Defn: Antonomasia.

ANTONYM An"to*nym, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A word of opposite meaning; a counterterm; -- used as a correlative of synonym. [R.] C. J. Smith.

ANTORBITAL Ant*or"bit*al, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + orbital.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or situated in, the region of the front of the orbit. -- n.

Defn: The antorbital bone.

ANTORGASTIC Ant`or*gas"tic, a.

Defn: See Antiorgastic.

ANTOZONE Ant*o"zone, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + ozone.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound formerly supposed to be modification of oxygen, but now known to be hydrogen dioxide; -- so called because apparently antagonistic to ozone, converting it into ordinary oxygen.

ANTRAL An"tral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Relating to an antrum.

ANTRE An"tre, n. Etym: [F. antre, L. antrum, fr. Gr.

Defn: A cavern. [Obs.] Shak.

ANTRORSE An*trorse", a. Etym: [From L. ante + versun turned; apparently formed in imitation of re.] (Bot.)

Defn: Forward or upward in direction. Gray.

ANTROVERT An`tro*vert", v. t.

Defn: To bend forward. [R.] Owen.

ANTRUM An"trum, n.; pl. Antra. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A cavern or cavity, esp. an anatomical cavity or sinus. Huxley.

ANTRUSTION An*trus"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. antrustio.]

Defn: A vassal or voluntary follower of Frankish princes in their enterprises.

ANT THRUSH Ant" thrush`. (Zoöl.) (a) One of several species of tropical birds, of the Old World, of the genus Pitta, somewhat resembling the thrushes, and feeding chiefly on ants. (b) See Ant bird, under Ant.

ANUBIS 'd8A*nu"bis, n. Etym: [L.] (Myth.)

Defn: An Egyptian deity, the conductor of departed spirits, represented by a human figure with the head of a dog or fox.

ANURA A*nu"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the orders of amphibians characterized by the absence of a tail, as the frogs and toads. [Written also anoura.]

ANUROUS A*nu"rous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Destitute of a tail, as the frogs and toads. [Also written anourous.]

ANURY An"u*ry, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Nonsecretion or defective secretion of urine; ischury.

ANUS A"nus, n. Etym: [L., prob. for asnus: cf. Gr. as.] (Anat.)

Defn: The posterior opening of the alimentary canal, through which the excrements are expelled.

ANVIL An"vil, n. Etym: [OE. anvelt, anfelt, anefelt, AS. anfilt, onfilt; of uncertain origin; cf. OHG. anafalz, D. aanbeld.]

1. An iron block, usually with a steel face, upon which metals are hammered and shaped.

2. Anything resembling an anvil in shape or use. Specifically (Anat.),

Defn: the incus. See Incus. To be on the anvil, to be in a state of discussion, formation, or preparation, as when a scheme or measure is forming, but not matured. Swift.

ANVIL An"vil, v. t.

Defn: To form or shape on an anvil; to hammer out; as, anviled armor. Beau. & Fl.

ANXIETUDE Anx*i"e*tude, n. Etym: [L. anxietudo.]

Defn: The state of being anxious; anxiety. [R.]

ANXIETY Anx*i"e*ty, n.; pl. Anxieties. Etym: [L. anxietas, fr. anxius: cf. F. anxiété. See Anxious.]

1. Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o

2. Eager desire. J. D. Forbes

3. (Med.)

Defn: A state of restlessness and agitation, often with general indisposition and a distressing sense of oppression at the epigastrium. Dunglison.

Syn. -- Care; solicitude; foreboding; uneasiness; perplexity; disquietude; disquiet; trouble; apprehension; restlessness. See Care.

ANXIOUS Anx"ious, a. Etym: [L. anxius, fr. angere to cause pain, choke; akin to Gr. Anger.]

1. Full of anxiety or disquietude; greatly concerned or solicitous, esp. respecting future or unknown; being in painful suspense; -- applied to persons; as, anxious for the issue of a battle.

2. Accompanied with, or causing, anxiety; worrying; -- applied to things; as, anxious labor. The sweet of life, from which God hath bid dwell far off all anxious cares. Milton.

3. Earnestly desirous; as, anxious to please. He sneers alike at those who are anxious to preserve and at those who are eager for reform. Macaulay.

Note: Anxious is followed by for, about, concerning, etc., before the object of solicitude.

Syn. -- Solicitous; careful; uneasy; unquiet; restless; concerned; disturbed; watchful.

ANXIOUSLY Anx"ious*ly, adv.

Defn: In an anxious manner; with painful uncertainty; solicitously.

ANXIOUSNESS Anx"ious*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being anxious; great solicitude; anxiety.

ANY A"ny, a. & pron. Etym: [OE. æni, æni, eni, ani, oni, AS. ænig, fr. an one. It is akin to OS. enig, OHG. einic, G. einig, D. eenig. See One.]

1. One indifferently, out of an indefinite number; one indefinitely, whosoever or whatsoever it may be.

Note: Any is often used in denying or asserting without limitation; as, this thing ought not be done at any time; I ask any one to answer my question. No man knoweth the Son, but the Father; neither knoweth any man the Father, save the Son. Matt. xi. 27.

2. Some, of whatever kind, quantity, or number; as, are there any witnesses present are there any other houses like it "Who will show us any good" Ps. iv. 6.

Note: It is often used, either in the singular or the plural, as a pronoun, the person or thing being understood; anybody; anyone; (pl.) any persons. If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, . . . and it shall be given him. Jas. i. 5. That if he found any of this way, whether they were men or women, he might bring them bound unto Jerusalem. Acts ix. 2. At any rate, In any case, whatever may be the state of affairs; anyhow.

ANY A"ny, adv.

Defn: To any extent; in any degree; at all. You are not to go loose any longer. Shak. Before you go any farther. Steele.

ANYBODY A"ny*bod*y, n.

1. Any one out of an indefinite number of persons; anyone; any person. His Majesty could not keep any secret from anybody. Macaulay.

2. A person of consideration or standing. [Colloq.] All the men belonged exclusively to the mechanical and shopkeeping classes, and there was not a single banker or anybody in the list. Lond. Sat. Rev.

ANYHOW A"ny*how`, adv.

Defn: In any way or manner whatever; at any rate; in any event. Anyhow, it must be acknowledged to be not a simple selforiginated error. J. H. Newman. Anyhow, the languages of the two nations were closely allied. E. A. Freeman.

ANYONE A"ny*one, n.

Defn: One taken at random rather than by selection; anybody.

Note: [Commonly written as two words.]

ANYTHING A"ny*thing, n.

1. Any object, act, state, event, or fact whatever; thing of any kind; something or other; aught; as, I would not do it for anything. Did you ever know of anything so unlucky A. Trollope. They do not know that anything is amiss with them. W. G. Sumner.

2. Expressing an indefinite comparison; -- with as or like. [Colloq. or Lowx] I fear your girl will grow as proud as anything. Richardson.

Note: Any thing, written as two words, is now commonly used in contradistinction to any person or anybody. Formerly it was also separated when used in the wider sense. "Necessity drove them to undertake any thing and venture any thing." De Foe. Anything but, not at all or in any respect. "The battle was a rare one, and the victory anything but secure." Hawthorne. -- Anything like, in any respect; at all; as, I can not give anything like a fair sketch of his trials.

ANYTHING A"ny*thing, adv.

Defn: In any measure; anywise; at all. Mine old good will and hearty affection towards you is not . . . anything at all quailed. Robynson (More's Utopia).

ANYTHINGARIAN A`ny*thing*a"ri*an, n.

Defn: One who holds to no particular creed or dogma.

ANYWAY; ANYWAYS A"ny*way, A"ny*ways, adv.

Defn: Anywise; at all. Tennyson. Southey.

ANYWHERE A"ny*where, adv.

Defn: In any place. Udall.

ANYWHITHER A"ny*whith`er, adv.

Defn: To or towards any place. [Archaic] De Foe.

ANYWISE A"ny*wise, adv.

Defn: In any wise or way; at all. "Anywise essential." Burke.

AONIAN A*o"ni*an, a. Etym: [From Aonia, a part of Boeotia, in Greece.]

Defn: Pertaining to Aonia, Boeotia, or to the Muses, who were supposed to dwell there. Aonian fount, the fountain of Aganippe, at the foot of Mount Helicon, not far from Thebes, and sacred to the Muses.

AORIST A"o*rist, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: A tense in the Greek language, which expresses an action as completed in past time, but leaves it, in other respects, wholly indeterminate.

AORISTIC A`o*ris"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Indefinite; pertaining to the aorist tense.

AORTA A*or"ta, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial system.

Note: In fishes and the early stages of all higher vertebrates the aorta divides near its origin into several branches (the aortic arches) which pass in pairs round the oesophagus and unite to form the systemic aorta. One or more pairs of these arches persist in amphibia and reptiles, but only one arch in birds and mammals, this being on the right side in the former, and on the left in the latter.

AORTIC A*or"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the aorta.

AORTITIS A`or*ti"tis, n. Etym: [Aorta + -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the aorta.

AOUDAD A"ou*dad, n. Etym: [The Moorish name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An African sheeplike quadruped (the Ammotragus tragelaphus) having a long mane on the breast and fore legs. It is, perhaps, the chamois of the Old Testament.

APACE A*pace", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + pace. OE. a pas at a walk, in which a is the article. See Pace.]

Defn: With a quick pace; quick; fast; speedily. His dewy locks did drop with brine apace. Spenser. A visible triumph of the gospel drawapace. I. Taylor.

APACHES A*pa"ches, n. pl.; sing. Apache. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A group of nomadic North American Indians including several tribes native of Arizona, New Mexico, etc.

APAGOGE Ap`a*go"ge, n. Etym: [Gr. (Logic)

Defn: An indirect argument which proves a thing by showing the impossibility or absurdity of the contrary.

APAGOGIC; APAGOGICAL Ap`a*gog"ic, Ap`a*gog"ic*al, a.

Defn: Proving indirectly, by showing the absurdity, or impossibility of the contrary. Bp. Berkeley.

APAID A*paid", a.

Defn: Paid; pleased. [Obs.] Chaucer.

APAIR A*pair", v. t. & i.

Defn: To impair or become impaired; to injure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

APALACHIAN Ap`a*la"chi*an, a.

Defn: See Appalachian.

APANAGE Ap"an*age, n.

Defn: Same as Appanage.

APANTHROPY A*pan"thro*py, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An aversion to the company of men; a love of solitude.

APAR; APARA A"par, A"pa*ra, n. Etym: [Native name apara.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Mataco.

APAREJO A`pa*re"jo, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A kind of pack saddle used in the American military service and among the Spanish Americans. It is made of leather stuffed with hay, moss, or the like.

APARITHMESIS Ap`a*rith"me*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: Enumeration of parts or particulars.

APART A*part", adv. Etym: [F. à part; (L. ad) + part part. See Part.]

1. Separately, in regard to space or company; in a state of separation as to place; aside. Others apart sat on a hill retired. Milton. The Lord hath set apart him that is godly for himself. Ps. iv. 3.

2. In a state of separation, of exclusion, or of distinction, as to purpose, use, or character, or as a matter of thought; separately; independently; as, consider the two propositions apart.

3. Aside; away. "Wherefore lay apart all filthiness and superfluity of naughtiness." Jas. i. 21. Let Pleasure go, put Care apart. Keble.

4. In two or more parts; asunder; to piece; as, to take a piece of machinery apart.

APARTMENT A*part"ment, n. Etym: [F. appartement; cf. It. appartamento, fr. appartare to separate, set apart; all fr. L. ad + pars, partis, part. See Apart.]

1. A room in a building; a division in a house, separated from others by partitions. Fielding.

2. A set or suite of rooms. De Quincey.

3. A compartment. [Obs.] Pope.

APARTMENT HOUSE A*part"ment house.

Defn: A building comprising a number of suites designed for separate housekeeping tenements, but having conveniences, such as heat, light, elevator service, etc., furnished in common; -- often distinguished in the United States from a flat house.

APARTNESS A*part"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of standing apart.

APASTRON Ap*as"tron, n. Etym: [Gr. (Astron.)

Defn: That point in the orbit of a double star where the smaller star is farthest from its primary.

APATHETIC; APATHETICAL Ap`a*thet"ic, Ap`a*thet"ic*al a. Etym: [See Apathy.]

Defn: Void of feeling; not susceptible of deep emotion; passionless; indifferent.

APATHETICALLY Ap`a*thet"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an apathetic manner.

APATHIST Ap"a*thist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. apathiste.]

Defn: One who is destitute of feeling.

APATHISTICAL Ap`a*this"tic*al, a.

Defn: Apathetic; une motional. [R.]

APATHY Ap"a*thy, n.; pl. Apathies. Etym: [L. apathia, Gr. apathie. See Pathos.]

Defn: Want of feeling; privation of passion, emotion, or excitement; dispassion; -- applied either to the body or the mind. As applied to the mind, it is a calmness, indolence, or state of indifference, incapable of being ruffled or roused to active interest or exertion by pleasure, pain, or passion. "The apathy of despair." Macaulay. A certain apathy or sluggishness in his nature which led him . . . to leave events to take their own course. Prescott. According to the Stoics, apathy meant the extinction of the passions by the ascendency of reason. Fleming.

Note: In the first ages of the church, the Christians adopted the term to express a contempt of earthly concerns.

Syn. -- Insensibility; unfeelingness; indifference; unconcern; stoicism; supineness; sluggishness.

APATITE Ap"a*tite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Native phosphate of lime, occurring usually in six-sided prisms, color often pale green, transparent or translucent.

APAUME A`pau`mé", n.

Defn: See Appaum.

APE Ape, n. Etym: [AS. apa; akin to D. aap, OHG. affo, G. affe, Icel. api, Sw. apa, Dan. abe, W. epa.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A quadrumanous mammal, esp. of the family Simiadæ, having teeth of the same number and form as in man, having teeth of the same number and form as in man, and possessing neither a tail nor cheek pouches. The name is applied esp. to species of the genus Hylobates, and is sometimes used as a general term for all Quadrumana. The higher forms, the gorilla, chimpanzee, and ourang, are often called anthropoid apes or man apes.

Note: The ape of the Old Testament was prqobably the rhesus monkey of India, and allied forms.

2. One who imitates servilely (in allusion to the manners of the ape); a mimic. Byron.

3. A dupe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

APE Ape, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aped; p. pr. & vb. n. Aping.]

Defn: To mimic, as an ape imitates human actions; to imitate or follow servilely or irrationally. "How he apes his sire." Addison. The people of England will not ape the fashions they have never tried. Burke.

APEAK A*peak", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + peak. Cf. F. à pic vertically.] (Naut.)

Defn: In a vertical line. The anchor in apeak, when the cable has been sufficiently hove in to bring the ship over it, and the ship is them said to be hove apeak. [Spelt also apeek.]

APEHOOD Ape"hood, n.

Defn: The state of being an ape.

APELLOUS A*pel"lous, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + L. pellis skin.]

Defn: Destitute of skin. Brande & C.

APENNINE Ap"en*nine, a. Etym: [L. Apenninus, fr. Celtic pen, or ben, peak, mountain.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, the Apennines, a chain of mountains extending through Italy.

APEPSY A*pep"sy, n. Etym: [NL. apepsia, fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Defective digestion, indigestion. Coxe.

APER Ap"er, n.

Defn: One who apes.

APERCU A`per`çu" (a`pâr`sus"), n.; pl. Aperçus (-sus"). [F., prop. p. p. of apercevoir to perceive.]

1.

Defn: A first view or glance, or the perception or estimation so obtained; an immediate apprehension or insight, appreciative rather than analytic.

The main object being to develop the several aperçus or insights which furnish the method of such psychology. W. T. Harris.

A series of partial and more or less disparate aperçus or outlooks; each for itself a center of experience. James Ward.

2. Hence, a brief or detached view; conspectus; sketch.

APEREA A*pe"re*a, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wild Guinea pig of Brazil (Cavia aperea).

APERIENT A*pe"ri*ent, a. Etym: [L. aperiens, p. pr. of aperire to uncover, open; ab + parire, parere, to bring forth, produce. Cf. Cover, Overt.] (Med.)

Defn: Gently opening the bowels; laxative. -- n.

Defn: An aperient medicine or food. Arbuthnot.

APERITIVE A*per"i*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. apéritif, fr. L. aperire.]

Defn: Serving to open; aperient. Harvey.

APERT A*pert", a. Etym: [OF. apert, L. apertus, p. p. of aperire. See Aperient, and cf. Pert, a.]

Defn: Open; ev [Archaic] Fotherby.

APERT A*pert", adv.

Defn: Openly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

APERTION A*per"tion, n. Etym: [L. apertio.]

Defn: The act of opening; an opening; an aperture. [Archaic] Wiseman.

APERTLY A*pert"ly, adv.

Defn: Openly; clearly. [Archaic]

APERTNESS A*pert"ness, n.

Defn: Openness; frankness. [Archaic]

APERTURE Ap"er*ture, n. Etym: [L. apertura, fr. aperire. See Aperient.]

1. The act of opening. [Obs.]

2. An opening; an open space; a gap, cleft, or chasm; a passage perforated; a hole; as, an aperture in a wall. An aperture between the mountains. Gilpin. The back aperture of the nostrils. Owen.

3. (Opt.)

Defn: The diameter of the exposed part of the object glass of a telescope or other optical instrument; as, a telescope of four-inch aperture.

Note: The aperture of microscopes is often expressed in degrees, called also the angular aperture, which signifies the angular breadth of the pencil of light which the instrument transmits from the object or point viewed; as, a microscope of 100º aperture.

APERY Ap"er*y, n.; pl. Aperies.

1. A place where apes are kept. [R.] Kingsley.

2. The practice of aping; an apish action. Coleridge.

APETALOUS A*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + petal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having no petals, or flower leaves. [See Illust. under Anther].

APETALOUSNESS A*pet"al*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being apetalous.

APEX A"pex, n.; pl. E. Apexes; L. Apices. Etym: [L.]

1. The tip, top, point, or angular summit of anything; as, the apex of a mountain, spire, or cone; the apex, or tip, of a leaf.

2. (Mining)

Defn: The end or edge of a vein nearest the surface. [U.S.] Apex of the earth's motion (Astron.), that point of the heavens toward which the earth is moving in its orbit.

APHAERESIS A*phær"e*sis, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Same as Apheresis.

APHAKIA A*pha"ki*a, n. Etym: [NL.; Gr. (Med.)

Defn: An anomalous state of refraction caused by the absence of the crystalline lens, as after operations for cataract. The remedy is the use of powerful convex lenses. Dunglison.

APHAKIAL A*pha"ki*al, a. (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to aphakia; as, aphakial eyes.

APHANIPTERA Aph`a*nip"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of wingless insects, of which the flea in the type. See Flea.

APHANIPTEROUS Aph`a*nip"ter*ous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Aphaniptera.

APHANITE Aph"a*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A very compact, dark-colored

APHANITIC Aph`a*nit"ic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Resembling aphanite; having a very fine-grained structure.

APHASIA; APHASY A*pha"si*a, Aph"a*sy, n. Etym: [NL. aphasia, Gr. aphasie.] (Med.)

Defn: Loss of the power of speech, or of the appropriate use of words, the vocal organs remaining intact, and the intelligence being preserved. It is dependent on injury or disease of the brain.

APHASIC A*pha"sic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or affected by, aphasia; speechless.

APHELION A*phel"ion, n.; pl. Aphelia. Etym: [Gr. (Astron.)

Defn: That point of a planet's or comet's orbit which is most distant from the sun, the opposite point being the perihelion.

APHELIOTROPIC A*phe`li*o*trop"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Turning away from the sun; -- said of leaves, etc. Darwin.

APHELIOTROPISM A*phe`li*ot"ro*pism, n.

Defn: The habit of bending from the sunlight; -- said of certain plants.

APHEMIA A*phe"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Loss of the power of speaking, while retaining the power of writing; -- a disorder of cerebral origin.

APHERESIS A*pher"e*sis, n. Etym: [L. aphaeresis, Gr.

1. (Gram.)

Defn: The dropping of a letter or syllable from the beginning of a word; e. g., cute for acute.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: An operation by which any part is separated from the rest. [Obs.] Dunglison.

APHESIS Aph"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The loss of a short unaccented vowel at the beginning of a word; -- the result of a phonetic process; as, squire for esquire. New Eng. Dict.

APHETIC A*phet"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Shortened by dropping a letter or a syllable from the beginning of a word; as, an aphetic word or form. -- A*phet"ic*al*ly, adv. New Eng. Dict.

APHETISM Aph"e*tism, n.

Defn: An aphetized form of a word. New Eng. Dict.

APHETIZE Aph"e*tize, v. t.

Defn: To shorten by aphesis. These words . . . have been aphetized. New Eng. Dict.

APHID A"phid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the genus Aphis; an aphidian.

APHIDES Aph"i*des, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Aphis.

APHIDIAN A*phid"i*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the family Aphidæ. -- n.

Defn: One of the aphides; an aphid.

APHIDIVOROUS Aph`i*div"o*rous. Etym: [Aphis + L. vorare to devour.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Devouring aphides; aphidophagous.

APHIDOPHAGOUS Aph`i*doph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Aphis + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Feeding upon aphides, or plant lice, as do beetles of the family Coccinellidæ.

APHILANTHROPY Aph`i*lan"thro*py, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Want of love to mankind; -- the opposite of philanthropy. Coxe.

APHIS A"phis, n.; pl. Aphides. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of insects belonging to the order Hemiptera and family Aphidæ, including numerous species known as plant lice and green flies.

Note: Besides the true males and females, there is a race of wingless asexual individuals which have the power of producing living young in rapid succession, and these in turn may produce others of the same kind for several generations, before sexual individuals appear. They suck the sap of plants by means of a tubular proboscis, and owing to the wonderful rapidity of their reproduction become very destructive to vegetation. Many of the Aphidæ excrete honeydew from two tubes near the end of the body.

APHIS LION A"phis li"on. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of the lacewinged flies (Chrysopa), which feeds voraciously upon aphids. The name is also applied to the larvæ of the ladybugs (Coccinella).

APHLOGISTIC Aph`lo*gis"*tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Flameless; as, an aphlogistic lamp, in which a coil of wire is kept in a state of continued ignition by alcohol, without flame.

APHONIA; APHONY A*pho"ni*a, Aph"o*ny, n. Etym: [NL. aphonia, Gr. aphonie.] (Med.)

Defn: Loss of voice or vocal utterance.

APHONIC; APHONOUS A*phon"ic, Aph"o*nous, a.

Defn: Without voice; voiceless; nonvocal.

APHORISM Aph"o*rism, n. Etym: [F. aphorisme, fr. Gr. Horizon.]

Defn: A comprehensive maxim or principle expressed in a few words; a sharply defined sentence relating to abstract truth rather than to practical matters. The first aphorism of Hippocrates is, "Life is short, and the art is long." Fleming.

Syn. -- Axiom; maxim; adage; proverb; apothegm; saying; saw; truism; dictum. See Axiom.

APHORISMATIC; APHORISMIC Aph`o*ris*mat"ic, Aph`o*ris"mic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to aphorisms, or having the form of an aphorism.

APHORISMER Aph`o*ris"mer n.

Defn: A dealer in aphorisms. [Used in derogation or contempt.] Milton.

APHORIST Aph"o*rist, n.

Defn: A writer or utterer of aphorisms.

APHORISTIC; APHORISTICAL Aph`o*ris"tic, Aph`o*ris"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: In the form of, or of the nature of, an aphorism; in the form of short, unconnected sentences; as, an aphoristic style. The method of the book is aphoristic. De Quincey.

APHORISTICALLY Aph`o*ris"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the form or manner of aphorisms; pithily.

APHORIZE Aph"o*rize, v. i.

Defn: To make aphorisms.

APHOTIC A*pho"tic (a*fo"tik), a. [Gr. 'a`fws, 'a`fwtos.]

Defn: Without light.

APHOTIC REGION Aphotic region. (Phytogeog.)

Defn: A depth of water so great that only those organisms can exist that do not assimilate.

APHRASIA A*phra"si*a, n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'a priv. + fra`sis speech.] (Med.) (a) = Dumbness. (b) A disorder of speech in which words can be uttered but not intelligibly joined together.

APHRITE Aph"rite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See under Calcite.

APHRODISIAC; APHRODISIACAL Aph`ro*dis"i*ac, Aph`ro*di*si"a*cal, a. Etym: [Gr. Aphrodite.]

Defn: Exciting venereal desire; provocative to venery.

APHRODISIAC Aph`ro*dis"i*ac, n.

Defn: That which (as a drug, or some kinds of food) excites to venery.

APHRODISIAN Aph`ro*dis"i*an, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to Aphrodite or Venus. "Aphrodisian dames" [that is, courtesans]. C. Reade.

APHRODITE Aph`ro*di"te, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Classic Myth.)

Defn: The Greek goddess of love, corresponding to the Venus of the Romans.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large marine annelid, covered with long, lustrous, golden, hairlike setæ; the sea mouse.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A beautiful butterfly (Argunnis Aphrodite) of the United States.

APHRODITIC Aph`ro*dit"ic, a.

Defn: Venereal. [R.] Dunglison.

APHTHA Aph"tha, n. Etym: [Sing. of Aphthæ.] (Med.) (a) One of the whitish specks called aphthæ. (b) The disease, also called thrush.

APHTHAE Aph"thæ, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Roundish pearl-colored specks or flakes in the mouth, on the lips, etc., terminating in white sloughs. They are commonly characteristic of thrush.

APHTHOID Aph"thoid, a. Etym: [Aphtha + -oid.]

Defn: Of the nature of aphthæ; resembling thrush.

APHTHONG Aph"thong, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A letter, or a combination of letters, employed in spelling a word, but in the pronunciation having no sound. -- Aph*thon"gal, a.

APHTHOUS Aph"thous a. Etym: [Cf. F. aphtheux.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or caused by, aphthæ; characterized by aphtæ; as, aphthous ulcers; aphthous fever.

APHYLLOUS Aph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Destitute of leaves, as the broom rape, certain euphorbiaceous plants, etc.

APIACEOUS A`pi*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Umbelliferous.

APIAN A"pi*an, a.

Defn: Belonging to bees.

APIARIAN A`pi*a"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or relating to bees.

APIARIST A"pi*a*rist, n.

Defn: One who keeps an apiary.

APIARY A"pi*a*ry, n. Etym: [L. apiarium, fr. apis bee.]

Defn: A place where bees are kept; a stand or shed for bees; a beehouse.

APICAL Ap"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. apex, apicis, tip or summit.]

Defn: At or belonging to an apex, tip, or summit. Gray.

APICES Ap"i*ces, n. pl.

Defn: See Apex.

APICIAN A*pi"cian, a. Etym: [L. Apicianus.]

Defn: Belonging to Apicius, a notorious Roman epicure; hence applied to whatever is peculiarly refined or dainty and expensive in cookery. H. Rogers.

APICULAR A*pic"u*lar, a. Etym: [NL. apiculus, dim. of L. apex, apicis.]

Defn: Situated at, or near, the apex; apical.

APICULATE; APICULATED A*pic"u*late, A*pic"u*la`ted, a. Etym: [See Apicular.] (Bot.)

Defn: Terminated abruptly by a small, distinct point, as a leaf.

APICULTURE Ap"i*cul`ture, n. Etym: [L. apis bee + E. culture.]

Defn: Rearing of bees for their honey and wax.

APIECE A*piece", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + piece.]

Defn: Each by itself; by the single one; to each; as the share of each; as, these melons cost a shilling apiece. "Fined . . . a thousand pounds apiece." Hume.

APIECES A*pie"ces, adv.

Defn: In pieces or to pieces. [Obs.] "Being torn apieces." Shak.

APIKED A*pik"ed, a.

Defn: Trimmed. [Obs.] Full fresh and new here gear apiked was. Chaucer.

APIOL A"pi*ol, n. Etym: [L. apium parsley + -ol.] (Med.)

Defn: An oily liquid derived from parsley.

APIOLOGIST A`pi*ol"o*gist, n. Etym: [L. apis bee + -logist (see -logy).]

Defn: A student of bees. [R.] Emerson.

APIOLOGY A`pi*ol"o*gy, n. [L. apis bee + -logy.]

Defn: The scientific or systematic study of honey bees.

APIS A"pis, n. Etym: [L., bee.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of insects of the order Hymenoptera, including the common honeybee (Apis mellifica) and other related species. See Honeybee.

APISH Ap"ish, a.

Defn: Having the qualities of an ape; prone to imitate in a servile manner. Hence: Apelike; fantastically silly; foppish; affected; trifling. The apish gallantry of a fantastic boy. Sir W. Scott.

APISHLY Ap"ish*ly, adv.

Defn: In an apish manner; with servile imitation; foppishly.

APISHNESS Ap"ish*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being apish; mimicry; foppery.

APITPAT A*pit"pat, adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + pitpat.]

Defn: With quick beating or palpitation; pitapat. Congreve.

APLACENTAL Ap`la*cen"tal, a. Etym: [Pref. a- + placental.]

Defn: Belonging to the Aplacentata; without placenta.

APLACENTATA Ap`la*cen*ta"ta, n. pl. Etym: [Pref. a- not + placenta.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Mammals which have no placenta.

APLACOPHORA Ap`la*coph"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Amphineura in which the body is naked or covered with slender spines or setæ, but is without shelly plates.

APLANATIC Ap`la*nat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Opt.)

Defn: Having two or more parts of different curvatures, so combined as to remove spherical aberration; -- said of a lens. Aplanatic focus of a lens (Opt.), the point or focus from which rays diverging pass the lens without spherical aberration. In certain forms of lenses there are two such foci; and it is by taking advantage of this fact that the best aplanatic object glasses of microscopes are constructed.

APLANATISM A*plan"a*tism, n.

Defn: Freedom from spherical aberration.

APLANOGAMETE A*plan`o*ga*mete", n. (Bot.)

Defn: A nonmotile gamete, found in certain lower algæ.

APLASIA A*pla"si*a, n. [NL.; Gr. priv. + a molding.] (Med.)

Defn: Incomplete or faulty development.

APLASTIC A*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + plastic.]

Defn: Not plastic or easily molded.

APLOMB A`plomb", n. Etym: [F., lit. perpendicularity; plomb lead. See Plumb.]

Defn: Assurance of manner or of action; self-possession.

APLOTOMY A*plot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: Simple incision. Dunglison.

APLUSTRE A*plus"tre, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: An ornamental appendage of wood at the ship's stern, usually spreading like a fan and curved like a bird's feather. Audsley.

APLYSIA A*plys"i*a, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine mollusks of the order Tectibranchiata; the sea hare. Some of the species when disturbed throw out a deep purple liquor, which colors the water to some distance. See Illust. in Appendix.

APNEUMATIC Ap`neu*mat"ic, a. [Gr. not blown through.] (Med.)

Defn: Devoid of air; free from air; as, an apneumatic lung; also, effected by or with exclusion of air; as, an apneumatic operation.

APNEUMONA Ap*neu"mo*na, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of holothurians in which the internal respiratory organs are wanting; -- called also Apoda or Apodes.

APNOEA; APNEA Ap*nae"a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Partial privation or suspension of breath; suffocation.

APO Ap"o. Etym: [Gr. Ab-.]

Defn: A prefix from a Greek preposition. It usually signifies from, away from, off, or asunder, separate; as, in apocope (a cutting off), apostate, apostle (one sent away), apocarpous.

APOCALYPSE A*poc"a*lypse, n. Etym: [L. apocalypsis, Gr. apocalypse.]

1. The revelation delivered to St. John, in the isle of Patmos, near the close of the first century, forming the last book of the New Testament.

2. Anything viewed as a revelation; as disclosure. The new apocalypse of Nature. Carlyle.

APOCALYPTIC; APOCALYPTICAL A*poc`a*lyp"tic, A*poc`a*lyp"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a revelation, or, specifically, to the Revelation of St. John; containing, or of the nature of, a prophetic revelation. Apocolyptic number, the number 666, mentioned in Rev. xiii. 18. It has been variously interpreted.

APOCALYPTIC; APOCALYPTIST A*poc`a*lyp"tic, A*poc`a*lyp"tist, n.

Defn: The writer of the Apocalypse.

APOCALYPTICALLY A*poc`a*lyp"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By revelation; in an apocalyptic manner.

APOCARPOUS Ap`o*car"pous, a. Etym: [Pref. apo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Either entirely of partially separate, as the carpels of a compound pistil; -- opposed to syncarpous. Lindley.

APOCHROMATIC Ap`o*chro*mat"ic, a. [Pref. apo-+ chromatic.] (Optics)

Defn: Free from chromatic and spherical aberration; -- said esp. of a lens in which rays of three or more colors are brought to the same focus, the degree of achromatism thus obtained being more complete than where two rays only are thus focused, as in the ordinary achromatic objective. --Ap`o*chro"ma*tism (#), n.

APOCODEINE Ap`o*co*de"ine, n. [Pref. apo-+ codeine.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid, , prepared from codeine. In its effects it resembles apomorphine.

APOCOPATE A*poc"o*pate, v. t. Etym: [LL. apocopatus, p. p. of apocopare to cut off, fr. L. apocore. See Apocope.] (Gram.)

Defn: To cut off or drop; as, to apocopate a word, or the last letter, syllable, or part of a word.

APOCOPATE; APOCOPATED A*poc"o*pate, A*poc"o*pa`ted, a.

Defn: Shortened by apocope; as, an apocopate form.

APOCOPATION A*poc`o*pa"tion, n.

Defn: Shortening by apocope; the state of being apocopated.

APOCOPE A*poc"o*pe, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. The cutting off, or omission, of the last letter, syllable, or part of a word.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A cutting off; abscission.

APOCRISIARY; APOCRISIARIUS Ap`o*cris"i*a*ry, Ap`o*cris`i*a"ri*us, n. Etym: [L. apocrisiarius, apocrisarius, fr. Gr. (Eccl.)

Defn: A delegate or deputy; especially, the pope's nuncio or legate at Constantinople.

APOCRUSTIC Ap`o*crus"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Astringent and repellent. -- n.

Defn: An apocrustic medicine.

APOCRYPHA A*poc"ry*pha, n. pl., but often used as sing. with pl. Apocryphas. Etym: [L. apocryphus apocryphal, Gr.

1. Something, as a writing, that is of doubtful authorship or authority; -- formerly used also adjectively. [Obs.] Locke.

2. Specif.: Certain writings which are received by some Christians as an authentic part of the Holy Scriptures, but are rejected by others.

Note: Fourteen such writings, or books, formed part of the Septuagint, but not of the Hebrew canon recognized by the Jews of Palestine. The Council of Trent included all but three of these in the canon of inspired books having equal authority. The German and English Reformers grouped them in their Bibles under the title Apocrypha, as not having dogmatic authority, but being profitable for instruction. The Apocrypha is now commonly

APOCRYPHAL A*poc"ry*phal, a.

1. Pertaining to the Apocrypha.

2. Not canonical. Hence: Of doubtful authority; equivocal; mythic; fictitious; spurious; false. The passages . . . are, however, in part from apocryphal or fictitious works. Sir G. C. Lewis.

APOCRYPHALIST A*poc"ry*phal*ist, n.

Defn: One who believes in, or defends, the Apocrypha. [R.]

APOCRYPHALLY A*poc"ry*phal*ly, adv.

Defn: In an apocryphal manner; mythically; not indisputably.

APOCRYPHALNESS A*poc"ry*phal*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being apocryphal; doubtfulness of credit or genuineness.

APOCYNACEOUS; APOCYNEOUS A*poc`y*na"ceous, Ap`o*cyn"e*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, a family of plants, of which the dogbane (Apocynum) is the type.

APOCYNIN A*poc"y*nin, n. Etym: [From Apocynum, the generic name of dogbane.] (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter principle obtained from the dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum).

APOD; APODAL Ap"od, Ap"o*dal, a. Etym: [See Apod, n.]

1. Without feet; footless.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Destitute of the ventral fin, as the eels.

APOD; APODE Ap"od, Ap"ode, n.; pl. Apods or Apodes. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of certain animals that have no feet or footlike organs; esp. one of certain fabulous birds which were said to have no feet.

Note: The bird of paradise formerly had the name Paradisea apoda, being supposed to have no feet, as these were wanting in the specimens first obtained from the East Indies.

APODA Ap"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Apod, n.] (Zoöl.) (a) A group of cirripeds, destitute of footlike organs. (b) An order of Amphibia without feet. See Ophiomorpha. (c) A group of worms without appendages, as the leech.

APODAN Ap"o*dan, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Apodal.

APODEICTIC; APODICTIC; APODEICTICAL; APODICTICAL Ap"o*deic"tic, Ap`o*dic"tic, Ap`o*deic"tic*al, Ap`o*dic"tic*al, a. Etym: [L. apodicticus, Gr.

Defn: Self-evident; intuitively true; evident beyond contradiction. Brougham. Sir Wm. Hamilton.

APODEICTICALLY; APODICTICALLY Ap`o*deic"tic*al*ly, Ap`o*dic"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to be evident beyond contradiction.

APODEME Ap"o*deme, n. Etym: [Pref. apo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the processes of the shell which project inwards and unite with one another, in the thorax of many Crustacea.

APODES Ap"o*des, n. pl. Etym: [NL., masc. pl. See Apoda.] (Zoöl.) (a) An order of fishes without ventral fins, including the eels. (b) A group of holothurians destitute of suckers. See Apneumona.

APODICTIC Ap`o*dic"tic, a.

Defn: Same as Apodeictic.

APODIXIS Ap`o*dix"is, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: Full demonstration.

APODOSIS A*pod"o*sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: The consequent clause or conclusion in a conditional sentence, expressing the result, and thus distinguished from the protasis or clause which expresses a condition. Thus, in the sentence, "Though he slay me, yet will I trust in him," the former clause is the protasis, and the latter the apodosis.

Note: Some grammarians extend the terms protasis and apodosis to the introductory clause and the concluding clause, even when the sentence is not conditional.

APODOUS Ap"o*dous(#), a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Apodal; apod.

APODYTERIUM A*pod`y*te"ri*um, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Anc. Arch.)

Defn: The apartment at the entrance of the baths, or in the palestra, where one stripped; a dressing room.

APOGAIC Ap`o*ga"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Apogean.

APOGAMIC Ap`o*gam"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to apogamy.

APOGAMY A*pog"a*my, n. Etym: [Pref. apo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The formation of a bud in place of a fertilized ovule or oöspore. De Bary.

APOGEAL Ap`o*ge"al, a. (Astron.)

Defn: Apogean.

APOGEAN Ap`o*ge"an, a.

Defn: Connected with the apogee; as, apogean (neap) tides, which occur when the moon has passed her apogee.

APOGEE Ap"o*gee, n. Etym: [Gr. apogée.]

1. (Astron.)

Defn: That point in the orbit of the moon which is at the greatest distance from the earth.

Note: Formerly, on the hypothesis that the earth is in the center of the system, this name was given to that point in the orbit of the sun, or of a planet, which was supposed to be at the greatest distance from the earth.

2. Fig.: The farthest or highest point; culmination.

APOGEOTROPIC Ap`o*ge`o*trop"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. apo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Bending away from the ground; -- said of leaves, etc. Darwin.

APOGEOTROPISM Ap"o*ge*ot"ro*pism, n.

Defn: The apogeotropic tendency of some leaves, and other parts.

APOGRAPH Ap"o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. apographe.]

Defn: A copy or transcript. Blount.

APOHYAL Ap`o*hy"al, a. Etym: [Pref. apo- + the Gr. letter Y.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a portion of the horn of the hyoid bone.

APOISE A*poise", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + poise.]

Defn: Balanced.

APOLAR A*po"lar, a. Etym: [Pref. a- + polar.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having no radiating processes; -- applied particularly to certain nerve cells.

APOLAUSTIC Ap`o*laus"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Devoted to enjoyment.

APOLLINARIAN A*pol`li*na"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. Apollinaris, fr. Apollo.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: In honor of Apollo; as, the Apollinarian games.

APOLLINARIAN A*pol`li*na"ri*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Apollinaris, Bishop of Laodicea in the fourth century, who denied the proper humanity of Christ.

APOLLINARIS WATER A*pol`li*na"ris wa"ter.

Defn: An effervescing alkaline mineral water used as a table beverage. It is obtained from a spring in Apollinarisburg, near Bonn.

APOLLO A*pol"lo, n. Etym: [L. Apollo, -linis, Gr. (Classic Myth.)

Defn: A deity among the Greeks and Romans. He was the god of light and day (the "sun god"), of archery, prophecy, medicine, poetry, and music, etc., and was represented as the model of manly grace and beauty; -- called also Phébus. The Apollo Belvedere, a celebrated statue of Apollo in the Belvedere gallery of the Vatican palace at Rome, esteemed of the noblest representations of the human frame.

APOLLONIAN; APOLLONIC Ap`ol*lo"ni*an, Ap`ol*lon"ic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, Apollo.

APOLLYON A*pol"ly*on, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The Destroyer; -- a name used (Rev. ix. 11) for the angel of the bottomless pit, answering to the Hebrew Abaddon.

APOLOGER A*pol"o*ger, n.

Defn: A teller of apologues. [Obs.]

APOLOGETIC; APOLOGETICAL A*pol`o*get"ic, A*pol`o*get"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. Logic.]

Defn: Defending by words or arguments; said or written in defense, or by way of apology; regretfully excusing; as, an apologetic essay. "To speak in a subdued and apologetic tone." Macaulay.

APOLOGETICALLY A*pol`o*get"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of apology.

APOLOGETICS A*pol`o*get"ics, n.

Defn: That branch of theology which defends the Holy Scriptures, and sets forth the evidence of their divine authority.

APOLOGIST A*pol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. apologiste.]

Defn: One who makes an apology; one who speaks or writes in defense of a faith, a cause, or an institution; especially, one who argues in defense of Christianity.

APOLOGIZE A*pol"o*gize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Apologized; p. pr. & vb. n. Apologizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. apologiser.]

1. To make an apology or defense. Dr. H. More.

2. To make an apology or excuse; to make acknowledgment of some fault or offense, with expression of regret for it, by way of amends; -- with for; as, my correspondent apologized for not answering my letter. To apologize for his insolent language. Froude.

APOLOGIZE A*pol"o*gize, v. t.

Defn: To defend. [Obs.] The Christians . . . were apologized by Plinie. Dr. G. Benson.

APOLOGIZER A*pol"o*gi`zer, n.

Defn: One who makes an apology; an apologist.

APOLOGUE Ap"o*logue, n. Etym: [L. apologous, Gr. apologue.]

Defn: A story or relation of fictitious events, intended to convey some moral truth; a moral fable.

Note: An apologue differs from a parable in this;: the parable is drawn from events which take place among mankind, and therefore requires probability in the narrative; the apologue is founded on supposed actions of brutes or inanimate things, and therefore is not limited by strict rules of probability. Æsop's fables are good examples of apologues.

APOLOGY A*pol"o*gy, n.; pl. Apologies . Etym: [L. apologia, Gr. apologie. See Apologetic.]

1. Something said or written in defense or justification of what appears to others wrong, or of what may be liable to disapprobation; justification; as, Tertullian's Apology for Christianity. It is not my intention to make an apology for my poem; some will think it needs no excuse, and others will receive none. Dryden.

2. An acknowledgment intended as an atonement for some improper or injurious remark or act; an admission to another of a wrong or discourtesy done him, accompanied by an expression of regret.

3. Anything provided as a substitute; a makeshift. He goes to work devising apologies for window curtains. Dickens.

Syn. -- Excuse. An apology, in the original sense of the word, was a pleading off from some charge or imputation, by explaining and defending one's principles or conduct. It therefore amounted to a vindication. One who offers an apology, admits himself to have been, at least apparently, in the wrong, but brings forward some palliating circumstance, or tenders a frank acknowledgment, by way of reparation. We make an apology for some breach of propriety or decorum (like rude expressions, unbecoming conduct, etc.), or some deficiency in what might be reasonably expected. We offer an excuse when we have been guilty of some breach or neglect of duty; and we do it by way of extenuating our fault, and with a view to be forgiven. When an excuse has been accepted, an apology may still, in some cases, be necessary or appropriate. "An excuse is not grounded on the claim of innocence, but is rather an appeal for favor resting on some collateral circumstance. An apology mostly respects the conduct of individuals toward each other as equals; it is a voluntary act produced by feelings of decorum, or a desire for the good opinion of others." Crabb.

APOLOGY A*pol"o*gy, v. i.

Defn: To offer an apology. [Obs.] For which he can not well apology. J. Webster.

APOMECOMETER Ap`o*me*com"e*ter, n.

Defn: An instrument for measuring the height of objects. Knight.

APOMECOMETRY Ap`o*me*com"e*try, n. Etym: [Pref. apo- + Gr. -metry.]

Defn: The art of measuring the distance of objects afar off. [Obs. or R.]

APOMORPHIA; APOMORPHINE Ap`o*mor"phi*a, Ap`o*mor"phine, n. Etym: [Pref. apo- + morphia, morphine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline alkaloid obtained from morphia. It is a powerful emetic.

APONEUROSIS Ap`o*neu*ro"sis, n.; pl. Aponeuroses. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Any one of the thicker and denser of the deep fasciæ which cover, invest, and the terminations and attachments of, many muscles. They often differ from tendons only in being flat and thin. See Fascia.

APONEUROTIC Ap`o*neu*rot"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an aponeurosis.

APONEUROTOMY Ap`o*neu*rot"o*my, n. Etym: [Aponeurosis + Gr.

Defn: Dissection of aponeuroses.

APOPEMPTIC Ap`o*pemp"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Sung or addressed to one departing; valedictory; as, apoplectic songs or hymns.

APOPHASIS A*poph"a*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure by which a speaker formally declines to take notice of a favorable point, but in such a manner as to produce the effect desired. [For example, see Mark Antony's oration. Shak., Julius Cæsar, iii. 2.]

APOPHLEGMATIC Ap`o*phleg*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Phlegmatic.] (Med.)

Defn: Designed to facilitate discharges of phlegm or mucus from mouth or nostrils. -- n.

Defn: An apohlegmatic medicine.

APOPHLEGMATISM Ap`o*phleg"ma*tism, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Med.)

Defn: The action of apophlegmatics.

2. An apophlegmatic. [Obs.] Bacon.

APOPHLEGMATIZANT Ap`o*phleg*mat"i*zant, n. (Med.)

Defn: An apophlegmatic. [Obs.]

APOPHTHEGM Ap`oph*thegm, n.

Defn: See Apothegm.

APOPHTHEGMATIC; APOPHTHEGMATICAL Ap`oph*theg*mat"ic, Ap`oph*theg*mat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Same as Apothegmatic.

APOPHYGE A*poph"y*ge, n. Etym: [Gr. apophyge.] (Arch.)

Defn: The small hollow curvature given to the top or bottom of the shaft of a column where it expands to meet the edge of the fillet; -- called also the scape. Parker.

APOPHYLLITE A*poph"yl*lite, n. Etym: [Pref. apo- + Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral relating to the zeolites, usually occurring in square prisms or octahedrons with pearly luster on the cleavage surface. It is a hydrous silicate of calcium and potassium.

APOPHYSIS A*poph"y*sis, n.; pl. -ses. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A marked prominence or process on any part of a bone.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: An enlargement at the top of a pedicel or stem, as seen in certain mosses. Gray.

APOPLECTIC; APOPLECTICAL Ap`o*plec"tic(#) Ap`o*plec"tic*al, a. Etym: [L. apoplecticus, Gr. apoplectique. See Apoplexy.]

Defn: Relating to apoplexy; affected with, inclined to, or symptomatic of, apoplexy; as, an apoplectic person, medicine, habit or temperament, symptom, fit, or stroke.

APOPLECTIC Ap`o*plec"tic, n.

Defn: One liable to, or affected with, apoplexy.

APOPLECTIFORM; APOPLECTOID Ap`o*plec"ti*form, Ap`o*plec"toid, a. Etym: [Apoplectic + -form, - oid.]

Defn: Resembling apoplexy.

APOPLEX Ap"o*plex, n.

Defn: Apoplexy. [Obs.] Dryden.

APOPLEXED Ap`o*plexed, a.

Defn: Affected with apoplexy. [Obs.] Shak.

APOPLEXY Ap"o*plex`y, n. Etym: [OE. poplexye, LL. poplexia, apoplexia, fr. Gr. apoplexie. See Plague.] (Med.)

Defn: Sudden diminution or loss of consciousness, sensation, and voluntary motion, usually caused by pressure on the brain.

Note: The term is now usually limited to cerebral apoplexy, or loss of consciousness due to effusion of blood or other lesion within the substance of the brain; but it is sometimes extended to denote an effusion of blood into the substance of any organ; as, apoplexy of the lung.

APORETICAL Ap`o*ret"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. Aporia.]

Defn: Doubting; skeptical. [Obs.] Cudworth.

APORIA A*po"ri*a, n.; pl. Aporias. Etym: [L., doubt, Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure in which the speaker professes to be at a loss what course to pursue, where to begin to end, what to say, etc.

APOROSA Ap`o*ro"sa, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Aporia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of corals in which the coral is not porous; -- opposed to Perforata.

APOROSE Ap`o*rose", a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Without pores.

APORT A*port", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + port.] (Naut.)

Defn: On or towards the port or left side; -- said of the helm.

APOSEMATIC Ap`o*se*mat"ic, a. [Pref. apo-+ sematic.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having or designating conspicuous or warning colors or structures indicative of special means of defense against enemies, as in the skunk.

APOSIOPESIS Ap`o*si`o*pe"sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure of speech in which the speaker breaks off suddenly, as if unwilling or unable to state what was in his mind; as, "I declare to you that his conduct -- but I can not speak of that, here."

APOSITIC Ap`o*sit"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Destroying the appetite, or suspending hunger.

APOSTASY A*pos"ta*sy, n.; pl. Apostasies. Etym: [OE. apostasie, F. apostasie, L. apostasia, fr. Gr. Off and Stand.]

Defn: An abandonment of what one has voluntarily professed; a total desertion of departure from one's faith, principles, or party; esp., the renunciation of a religious faith; as, Julian's apostasy from Christianity.

APOSTATE A*pos"tate, n. Etym: [L. apostata, Gr. Apostasy.]

1. One who has forsaken the faith, principles, or party, to which he before adhered; esp., one who has forsaken his religion for another; a pervert; a renegade.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: One who, after having received sacred orders, renounces his clerical profession.

APOSTATE A*pos"tate, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, apostasy; faithless to moral allegiance; renegade. So spake the apostate angel. Milton. A wretched and apostate state. Steele.

APOSTATE A*pos"tate, v. i. Etym: [L. apostatare.]

Defn: To apostatize. [Obs.] We are not of them which apostate from Christ. Bp. Hall.

APOSTATIC Ap`o*stat"ic, a. Etym: [L. apostaticus, Gr.

Defn: Apostatical. [R.]

APOSTATICAL Ap`o*stat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Apostate. An heretical and apostatical church. Bp. Hall.

APOSTATIZE A*pos"ta*tize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Apostatized; p. pr. & vb. n. Apostatizing.] Etym: [LL. apostatizare.]

Defn: To renounce totally a religious belief once professed; to forsake one's church, the faith or principles once held, or the party to which one has previously adhered. He apostatized from his old faith in facts, took to believing in Carlyle.

APOSTEMATE A*pos"te*mate, v. i. Etym: [See Aposteme.]

Defn: To form an abscess; to swell and fill with pus. Wiseman.

APOSTEMATION A*pos`te*ma"tion, n. Etym: [LL. apostematio: cf. F. apostémation.] (Med.)

Defn: The formation of an aposteme; the process of suppuration. [Written corruptly imposthumation.] Wiseman.

APOSTEMATOUS Ap`os*tem"a*tous, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or partaking of the nature of, an aposteme.

APOSTEME Ap"os*teme, n. Etym: [L. apostema, Gr. apostème. See Apostasy.] (Med.)

Defn: An abscess; a swelling filled with purulent matter. [Written corruptly imposthume.]

A POSTERIORI A` pos*te`ri*o"ri. Etym: [L. a (ab) + posterior latter.]

1. (Logic)

Defn: Characterizing that kind of reasoning which derives propositions from the observation of facts, or by generalizations from facts arrives at principles and definitions, or infers causes from effects. This is the reverse of a priori reasoning.

2. (Philos.)

Defn: Applied to knowledge which is based upon or derived from facts through induction or experiment; inductive or empirical.

APOSTIL; APOSTILLE A*pos"til, A*pos"tille, n. Etym: [F. apostille. See Postil.]

Defn: A marginal note on a letter or other paper; an annotation. Motley.

APOSTLE A*pos"tle, n. Etym: [OE. apostle, apostel, postle, AS. apostol, L. apostolus, fr. Gr. stellen to set, E. stall: cf. F. apôtre, Of. apostre, apostle, apostele, apostole.]

1. Literally: One sent forth; a messenger. Specifically: One of the twelve disciples of Christ, specially chosen as his companions and witnesses, and sent forth to preach the gospel. He called unto him his disciples, and of them he chose twelve, whom also he named apostles. Luke vi. 13.

Note: The title of apostle is also applied to others, who, though not of the number of the Twelve, yet were equal with them in office and dignity; as, "Paul, called to be an apostle of Jesus Christ." 1 Cor. i. 1. In Heb. iii. 1, the name is given to Christ himself, as having been sent from heaven to publish the gospel. In the primitive church, other ministers were called apostles (Rom. xvi. 7).

2. The missionary who first plants the Christian faith in any part of the world; also, one who initiates any great moral reform, or first advocates any important belief; one who has extraordinary success as a missionary or reformer; as, Dionysius of Corinth is called the apostle of France, John Eliot the apostle to the Indians, Theobald Mathew the apostle of temperance.

3. (Civ. & Admiralty Law)

Defn: A brief letter dimissory sent by a court appealed from to the superior court, stating the case, etc.; a paper sent up on appeals in the admiralty courts. Wharton. Burrill. Apostles' creed, a creed of unknown origin, which was formerly ascribed to the apostles. It certainly dates back to the beginning of the sixth century, and some assert that it can be found in the writings of Ambrose in the fourth century. -- Apostle spoon (Antiq.), a spoon of silver, with the handle terminating in the figure of an apostle. One or more were offered by sponsors at baptism as a present to the godchild. B. Jonson.

APOSTLESHIP A*pos"tle*ship, n.

Defn: The office or dignity of an apostle.

APOSTOLATE A*pos"to*late, n. Etym: [L. apostolatus, fr. apostolus. See Apostle.]

1. The dignity, office, or mission, of an apostle; apostleship. Judas had miscarried and lost his apostolate. Jer. Taylor.

2. The dignity or office of the pope, as the holder of the apostolic see.

APOSTOLIC; APOSTOLICAL Ap`os*tol"ic, Ap`os*tol"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. apostolicus, Gr. apostolique.]

1. Pertaining to an apostle, or to the apostles, their times, or their peculiar spirit; as, an apostolical mission; the apostolic age.

2. According to the doctrines of the apostles; delivered or taught by the apostles; as, apostolic faith or practice.

3. Of or pertaining to the pope or the papacy; papal. Apostolical brief. See under Brief. -- Apostolic canons, a collection of rules and precepts relating to the duty of Christians, and particularly to the ceremonies and discipline of the church in the second and third centuries. -- Apostolic church, the Christian church; -- so called on account of its apostolic foundation, doctrine, and order. The churches of Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem were called apostolic churches. -- Apostolic constitutions, directions of a nature similar to the apostolic canons, and perhaps compiled by the same authors or author. -- Apostolic fathers, early Christian writers, who were born in the first century, and thus touched on the age of the apostles. They were Polycarp, Clement, Ignatius, and Hermas; to these Barnabas has sometimes been added. -- Apostolic king (or majesty), a title granted by the pope to the kings of Hungary on account of the extensive propagation of Christianity by St. Stephen, the founder of the royal line. It is now a title of the emperor of Austria in right of the throne of Hungary. -- Apostolic see, a see founded and governed by an apostle; specifically, the Church of Rome; -- so called because, in the Roman Catholic belief, the pope is the successor of St. Peter, the prince of the apostles, and the only apostle who has successors in the apostolic office. -- Apostolical succession, the regular and uninterrupted transmission of ministerial authority by a succession of bishops from the apostles to any subsequent period. Hook.

APOSTOLIC Ap`os*tol"ic, n. Etym: [L. apostolicus.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A member of one of certain ascetic sects which at various times professed to imitate the practice of the apostles.

APOSTOLICALLY Ap`os*tol"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an apostolic manner.

APOSTOLICALNESS Ap`os*tol"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: Apostolicity. Dr. H. More.

APOSTOLIC DELEGATE Ap`os*tol"ic del"e*gate. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The diplomatic agent of the pope highest in grade, superior to a nuncio.

APOSTOLICISM; APOSTOLICITY Ap`os*tol"i*cism, A*pos`to*lic"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being apostolical.

APOSTROPHE A*pos"tro*phe, n. Etym: [(1) L., fr. Gr. apostrophus apostrophe, the turning away or omitting of a letter, Gr.

1. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure of speech by which the orator or writer suddenly breaks off from the previous method of his discourse, and addresses, in the second person, some person or thing, absent or present; as, Milton's apostrophe to Light at the beginning of the third book of "Paradise Lost."

2. (Gram.)

Defn: The contraction of a word by the omission of a letter or letters, which omission is marked by the character ['] placed where the letter or letters would have been; as, call'd for called.

3. The mark ['] used to denote that a word is contracted (as in ne'er for never, can't for can not), and as sign of the possessive, singular and plural; as, a boy's hat, boys' hats. In the latter use it originally marked the omission of the letter e.

Note: The apostrophe is used to mark the plural of figures and letters; as, two 10's and three a's. It is also employed to mark the close of a quotation.

APOSTROPHIC Ap`os*troph"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an apostrophe, grammatical or rhetorical.

APOSTROPHIZE A*pos"tro*phize, v. t., Etym: [imp. & p. p. Apostrophized; p. pr. & vb. n. Apostrophizing.]

1. To address by apostrophe.

2. To contract by omitting a letter or letters; also, to mark with an apostrophe (') or apostrophes.

APOSTROPHIZE A*pos"tro*phize, v. i.

Defn: To use the rhetorical figure called apostrophe.

APOSTUME Ap"os*tume, n.

Defn: See Aposteme. [Obs.]

APOTACTITE Ap`o*tac"tite, n. Etym: [LL. pl. apotactitae, Gr. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect of ancient Christians, who, in supposed imitation of the first believers, renounced all their possessions.

APOTELESM A*pot"e*lesm, n. Etym: [See Apotelesmatic.]

1. The result or issue. [Obs.]

2. (Astrol.)

Defn: The calculation and explanation of a nativity. [Obs.] Bailey.

APOTELESMATIC Ap`o*tel`es*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Relating to the casting of horoscopes. [Archaic] Whewell.

2. Relating to an issue of fulfillment. In this way a passage in the Old Testament may have, or rather comprise, an apotelesmatic sense, i. e., one of after or final accomplishment. M. Stuart.

APOTHECARY A*poth"e*ca*ry, n.; pl. Apothecaries. Etym: [OE. apotecarie, fr. LL. apothecarius, fr. L. apotheca storehouse, Gr. apo, fr. apothicaire, OF. apotecaire. See Thesis.]

Defn: One who prepares and sells drugs or compounds for medicinal purposes.

Note: In England an apothecary is one of a privileged class of practitioners -- a kind of sub-physician. The surgeon apothecary is the ordinary family medical attendant. One who sells drugs and makes up prescriptions is now commonly called in England a druggist or a pharmaceutical chemist. Apothecaries' weight, the system of weights by which medical prescriptions were formerly compounded. The pound and ounce are the same as in Troy weight; they differ only in the manner of subdivision. The ounce is divided into 8 drams, 24 scruples, 480 grains. See Troy weight.

APOTHECIUM Apo`*the"ci*um, n.; pl. Apothecia. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: The ascigerous fructification of lichens, forming masses of various shapes.

APOTHEGM; APOPHTHEGM Ap"o*thegm, Ap"oph*thegm, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A short, pithy, and instructive saying; a terse remark, conveying some important truth; a sententious precept or maxim.

Note: [Apothegm is now the prevalent spelling in the United States.]

APOTHEGMATIC; APOTHEGMATICAL Ap`o*theg*mat"ic, Ap`o*theg*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to, or in the manner of, an apotghem; sententious; pithy.

APOTHEGMATIST Ap`o*theg"ma*tist, n.

Defn: A collector or maker of apothegms. Pope.

APOTHEGMATIZE Ap`o*theg"ma*tize, v. i.

Defn: To utter apothegms, or short and sententious sayings.

APOTHEM Ap"o*them, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Math.)

Defn: The perpendicular from the center to one of the sides of a regular polygon.

2. A deposit formed in a liquid extract of a vegetable substance by exposure to the air.

APOTHEOSIS Ap`o*the"o*sis, n. pl. Apotheoses. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. The act of elevating a mortal to the rank of, and placing him among, "the gods;" deification.

2. Glorification; exaltation. "The apotheosis of chivalry." Prescott. "The noisy apotheosis of liberty and machinery." F. Harrison.

APOTHEOSIZE Ap`o*the"o*size, v. t.

Defn: To exalt to the dignity of a deity; to declare to be a god; to deify; to glorify.

APOTHESIS A*poth"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. Apothecary.] (Arch.) (a) A place on the south side of the chancel in the primitive churches, furnished with shelves, for books, vestments, etc. Weale. (b) A dressing room connected with a public bath.

APOTOME A*pot"o*me, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Math.)

Defn: The difference between two quantities commensurable only in power, as between sq. root2 and 1, or between the diagonal and side of a square.

2. (Mus)

Defn: The remaining part of a whole tone after a smaller semitone has been deducted from it; a major semitone. [Obs.]

APOZEM Ap"o*zem, n. Etym: [L. apozema, Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A decoction or infusion. [Obs.] Wiseman.

APOZEMICAL Ap`o*zem"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a decoction. [Obs.] J. Whitaker.

APPAIR Ap*pair", v. t. & i. Etym: [OF. empeirier, F. empire. See Impair.]

Defn: To impair; to grow worse. [Obs.]

APPALACHIAN Ap`pa*la"chi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a chain of mountains in the United States, commonly called the Allegheny mountains.

Note: The name Appalachian was given to the mountains by the Spaniards under De Soto, who derived it from the heighboring Indians. Am. Cyc.

APPALL Ap*pall", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appalled; p. pr. & vb. n. Appalling.] Etym: [OF. appalir to grow pale, make pale; a (L. ad) + pâlir to grow pale, to make pale, pâle pale. See Pale, a., and cf. Pall.]

1. To make pale; to blanch. [Obs.] The answer that ye made to me, my dear, . . . Hath so appalled my countenance. Wyatt.

2. To weaken; to enfeeble; to reduce; as, an old appalled wight. [Obs.] Chaucer. Whine, of its own nature, will not congeal and freeze, only it will lose the strength, and become appalled in extremity of cold. Holland.

3. To depress or discourage with fear; to impress with fear in such a manner that the mind shrinks, or loses its firmness; to overcome with sudden terror or horror; to dismay; as, the sight appalled the stoutest heart. The house of peers was somewhat appalled at this alarum. Clarendon.

Syn. -- To dismay; terrify; daunt; frighten; affright; scare; depress. See Dismay.

APPALL Ap*pall", v. i.

1. To grow faint; to become weak; to become dismayed or discouraged. [Obs.] Gower.

2. To lose flavor or become stale. [Obs.]

APPALL Ap*pall", n.

Defn: Terror; dismay. [Poet.] Cowper.

APPALLING Ap*pall"ing, a.

Defn: Such as to appall; as, an appalling accident. -- Ap*pall"ing*ly, adv.

APPALLMENT Ap*pall"ment, n.

Defn: Depression occasioned by terror; dismay. [Obs.] Bacon.

APPANAGE Ap"pa*nage, n. Etym: [F. apanage, fr. OF. apaner to nourish, support, fr. LL. apanare to furnish with bread, to provision; L. ad + pains bread.]

1. The portion of land assigned by a sovereign prince for the subsistence of his younger sons.

2. A dependency; a dependent territory.

3. That which belongs to one by custom or right; a natural adjunct or accompaniment. "Wealth . . . the appanage of wit." Swift.

APPANAGIST Ap*pan"a*gist, n. Etym: [F. apanagiste.]

Defn: A prince to whom an appanage has been granted.

APPARAILLYNG Ap*par"ail*lyng, n. Etym: [See Apparel, n. & v.]

Defn: Preparation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

APPARATUS Ap"pa*ratus, n.; pl. Apparatus, also rarely Apparatuses. Etym: [L., from apparare, apparatum, to prepare; ad + prepare to make ready.]

1. Things provided as means to some end.

2. Hence: A full collection or set of implements, or utensils, for a given duty, experimental or operative; any complex instrument or appliance, mechanical or chemical, for a specific action or operation; machinery; mechanism.

3. (Physiol.)

Defn: A collection of organs all of which unite in a common function; as, the respiratory apparatus.

APPAREL Ap*par"el, n. Etym: [OE. apparel, apareil, OF. apareil, appareil, preparation, provision, furniture, OF. apareiller to match, prepare, F. appareiller; OF. a (L. ad) + pareil like, similar, fr. LL. pariculus, dim. of L. par equal. See Pair.]

1. External clothing; vesture; garments; dress; garb; external habiliments or array. Fresh in his new apparel, proud and young. Denham. At public devotion his resigned carriage made religion appear in the natural apparel of simplicity. Tatler.

2. A small ornamental piece of embroidery worn on albs and some other ecclesiastical vestments.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: The furniture of a ship, as masts, sails, rigging, anchors, guns, etc.

Syn. -- Dress; clothing; vesture; garments; raiment; garb; costume; attire; habiliments.

APPAREL Ap*par"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appareled, or Apparelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Appareling, or Apparelling.] Etym: [OF. apareiller.]

1. To make or get (something) ready; to prepare. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To furnish with apparatus; to equip; to fit out. Ships . . . appareled to fight. Hayward.

3. To dress or clothe; to attire. They which are gorgeously appareled, and live delicately, are in kings' courts. Luke vii. 25.

4. To dress with external ornaments; to cover with something ornamental; to deck; to embellish; as, trees appareled with flowers, or a garden with verdure. Appareled in celestial light. Wordsworth.

APPARENCE Ap*par"ence, n. Etym: [OF. aparence.]

Defn: Appearance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

APPARENCY Ap*par"en*cy, n.

1. Appearance. [Obs.]

2. Apparentness; state of being apparent. Coleridge.

3. The position of being heir apparent.

APPARENT Ap*par"ent, a. Etym: [F. apparent, L. apparens, -entis, p. pr. of apparere. See Appear.]

1. Capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to the eye; within sight or view. The moon . . . apparent queen. Milton.

2. Clear or manifest to the understanding; plain; evident; obvious; known; palpable; indubitable. It is apparent foul play. Shak.

3. Appearing to the eye or mind (distinguished from, but not necessarily opposed to, true or real); seeming; as the apparent motion or diameter of the sun. To live on terms of civility, and even of apparent friendship. Macaulay. What Berkeley calls visible magnitude was by astronomers called apparent magnitude. Reid. Apparent horizon, the circle which in a level plain bounds our view, and is formed by the apparent meeting of the earth and heavens, as distinguished from the rational horizon. -- Apparent time. See Time. -- Heir apparent (Law), one whose to an estate is indefeasible if he survives the ancestor; -- in distinction from presumptive heir. See Presumptive.

Syn. -- Visible; distinct; plain; obvious; clear; certain; evident; manifest; indubitable; notorious.

APPARENT Ap*par"ent, n.

Defn: An heir apparent. [Obs.] I'll draw it [the sword] as apparent to the crown. Shak.

APPARENTLY Ap*par"ent*ly, adv.

1. Visibly. [Obs.] Hobbes.

2. Plainly; clearly; manifestly; evidently. If he should scorn me so apparently. Shak.

3. Seemingly; in appearance; as, a man may be apparently friendly, yet malicious in heart.

APPARENTNESS Ap*par"ent*ness, n.

Defn: Plainness to the eye or the mind; visibleness; obviousness. [R.] Sherwood.

APPARITION Ap`pa*ri"tion, n. Etym: [F. apparition, L. apparitio, fr. apparere. See Appear.]

1. The act of becoming visible; appearance; visibility. Milton. The sudden apparition of the Spaniards. Prescott. The apparition of Lawyer Clippurse occasioned much speculation in that portion of the world. Sir W. Scott.

2. The thing appearing; a visible object; a form. Which apparition, it seems, was you. Tatler.

3. An unexpected, wonderful, or preternatural appearance; a ghost; a specter; a phantom. "The heavenly bands . . . a glorious apparition." Milton. I think it is the weakness of mine eyes That shapes this monstrous apparition. Shak.

4. (Astron.)

Defn: The first appearance of a star or other luminary after having been invisible or obscured; -- opposed to occultation. Circle of perpetual apparition. See under Circle.

APPARITIONAL Ap`pa*ri"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an apparition or to apparitions; spectral. "An apparitional soul." Tylor.

APPARITOR Ap*par"i*tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. apparere. See Appear.]

1. Formerly, an officer who attended magistrates and judges to execute their orders. Before any of his apparitors could execute the sentence, he was himself summoned away by a sterner apparitor to the other world. De Quincey.

2. (Law)

Defn: A messenger or officer who serves the process of an ecclesiastical court. Bouvier.

APPAUME Ap`pau`mé", n. Etym: [F. appaumé; (l. ad) + paume the palm, fr. L. palma.] (Her.)

Defn: A hand open and extended so as to show the palm.

APPAY Ap*pay", v. t. Etym: [OF. appayer, apaier, LL. appacare, appagare, fr. L. ad + pacare to pacify, pax, pacis, peace. See Pay, Appease.]

Defn: To pay; to satisfy or appease. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

APPEACH Ap*peach", v. t. Etym: [OE. apechen, for empechen, OF. empeechier, F. empêcher, to hinder. See Impeach.]

Defn: To impeach; to accuse; to asperse; to inform against; to reproach. [Obs.] And oft of error did himself appeach. Spenser.

APPEACHER Ap*peach"er, n.

Defn: An accuser. [Obs.] Raleigh.

APPEACHMENT Ap*peach"ment, n.

Defn: Accusation. [Obs.]

APPEAL Ap*peal", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appealed; p. pr. & vb. n. Appealing.] Etym: [OE. appelen, apelen, to appeal, accuse, OF. appeler, fr. L. appellare to approach, address, invoke, summon, call, name; akin to appellere to drive to; ad + pellere to drive. See Pulse, and cf. Peal.]

1. (Law) (a) To make application for the removal of (a cause) from an inferior to a superior judge or court for a rehearing or review on account of alleged injustice or illegality in the trial below. We say, the cause was appealed from an inferior court. (b) To charge with a crime; to accuse; to institute a private criminal prosecution against for some heinous crime; as, to appeal a person of felony.

2. To summon; to challenge. [Archaic] Man to man will I appeal the Norman to the lists. Sir W. Scott.

3. To invoke. [Obs.] Milton.

APPEAL Ap*peal", v. t.

1. (Law)

Defn: To apply for the removal of a cause from an inferior to a superior judge or court for the purpose of reëxamination of for decision. Tomlins. I appeal unto Cæsar. Acts xxv. 11.

2. To call upon another to decide a question controverted, to corroborate a statement, to vindicate one's rights, etc.; as, I appeal to all mankind for the truth of what is alleged. Hence: To call on one for aid; to make earnest request. I appeal to the Scriptures in the original. Horsley. They appealed to the sword. Macaulay.

APPEAL Ap*peal", n. Etym: [OE. appel, apel, OF. apel, F. appel, fr. appeler. See Appeal, v. t.]

1. (Law) (a) An application for the removal of a cause or suit from an inferior to a superior judge or court for reëxamination or review. (b) The mode of proceeding by which such removal is effected. (c) The right of appeal. (d) An accusation; a process which formerly might be instituted by one private person against another for some heinous crime demanding punishment for the particular injury suffered, rather than for the offense against the public. (e) An accusation of a felon at common law by one of his accomplices, which accomplice was then called an approver. See Approvement. Tomlins. Bouvier.

2. A summons to answer to a charge. Dryden.

3. A call upon a person or an authority for proof or decision, in one's favor; reference to another as witness; a call for help or a favor; entreaty. A kind of appeal to the Deity, the author of wonders. Bacon.

4. Resort to physical means; recourse. Every milder method is to be tried, before a nation makes an appeal to arms. Kent.

APPEALABLE Ap*peal"a*ble, a.

1. Capable of being appealed against; that may be removed to a higher tribunal for decision; as, the cause is appealable.

2. That may be accused or called to answer by appeal; as, a criminal is appealable for manslaughter. [Obs.]

APPEALANT Ap*peal"ant, n.

Defn: An appellant. [Obs.] Shak.

APPEALER Ap*peal"er, n.

Defn: One who makes an appeal.

APPEALING Ap*peal"ing, a.

Defn: That appeals; imploring. -- Ap*peal"*ing*ly, adv. -- Ap*peal"ing*ness, n.

APPEAR Ap*pear", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Appeared; p. pr. & vb. n. Appearing.] Etym: [OE. apperen, aperen, OF. aparoir, F. apparoir, fr. L. appar to appear + parto come forth, to be visible; prob. from the same root as par to produce. Cf. Apparent, Parent, Peer, v. i.]

1. To come or be in sight; to be in view; to become visible. And God . . . said, Let . . . the dry land appear. Gen. i. 9.

2. To come before the public; as, a great writer appeared at that time.

3. To stand in presence of some authority, tribunal, or superior person, to answer a charge, plead a cause, or the like; to present one's self as a party or advocate before a court, or as a person to be tried. We must all appear before the judgment seat. * Cor. v. 10. One ruffian escaped because no prosecutor dared to appear. Macaulay.

4. To become visible to the apprehension of the mind; to be known as a subject of observation or comprehension, or as a thing proved; to be obvious or manifest. It doth not yet appear what we shall be. 1 John iii. 2. Of their vain contest appeared no end. Milton.

5. To seem; to have a certain semblance; to look. They disfigure their faces, that they may appear unto men to fast. Matt. vi. 16.

Syn. -- To seem; look. See Seem.

APPEAR Ap*pear", n.

Defn: Appearance. [Obs.] J. Fletcher.

APPEARANCE Ap*pear"ance, n. Etym: [F. apparence, L. apparentia, fr. apparere. See Appear.]

1. The act of appearing or coming into sight; the act of becoming visible to the eye; as, his sudden appearance surprised me.

2. A thing seed; a phenomenon; a phase; an apparition; as, an appearance in the sky.

3. Personal presence; exhibition of the person; look; aspect; mien. And now am come to see . . . It thy appearance answer loud report. Milton.

4. Semblance, or apparent likeness; external show. pl. Outward signs, or circumstances, fitted to make a particular impression or to determine the judgment as to the character of a person or a thing, an act or a state; as, appearances are against him. There was upon the tabernacle, as it were, the appearance of fire. Num. ix. 15. For man looketh on the outward appearance. 1 Sam. xvi. 7. Judge not according to the appearance. John. vii. 24.

5. The act of appearing in a particular place, or in society, a company, or any proceedings; a coming before the public in a particular character; as, a person makes his appearance as an historian, an artist, or an orator. Will he now retire, After appearance, and again prolong Our expectation Milton.

6. Probability; likelihood. [Obs.] There is that which hath no appearance. Bacon.

7. (Law)

Defn: The coming into court of either of the parties; the being present in court; the coming into court of a party summoned in an action, either by himself or by his attorney, expressed by a formal entry by the proper officer to that effect; the act or proceeding by which a party proceeded against places himself before the court, and submits to its jurisdiction. Burrill. Bouvier. Daniell. To put in an appearance, to be present; to appear in person. -- To save appearances, to preserve a fair outward show.

Syn. -- Coming; arrival; presence; semblance; pretense; air; look; manner; mien; figure; aspect.

APPEARER Ap*pear"er, n.

Defn: One who appears. Sir T. Browne.

APPEARINGLY Ap*pear"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: Apparently. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

APPEASABLE Ap*peas"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being appeased or pacified; placable. -- Ap*peas"a*ble*ness, n.

APPEASE Ap*pease", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appealed; p. pr. & vb. n. Appeasing.] Etym: [OE. apesen, apaisen, OF. apaisier, apaissier, F. apaiser, fr. a (L. ad) + OF. pais peace, F. paix, fr. L. pax, pacis. See Peace.]

Defn: To make quiet; to calm; to reduce to a state of peace; to still; to pacify; to dispel (anger or hatred); as, to appease the tumult of the ocean, or of the passions; to appease hunger or thirst.

Syn. -- To pacify; quiet; conciliate; propitiate; assuage; compose; calm; allay; hush; soothe; tranquilize.

APPEASEMENT Ap*pease"ment, n.

Defn: The act of appeasing, or the state of being appeased; pacification. Hayward.

APPEASER Ap*peas"er, n.

Defn: One who appeases; a pacifier.

APPEASIVE Ap*pea"sive, a.

Defn: Tending to appease.

APPEL Ap`pel", n. [F., prop., a call. See Appeal, n.] (Fencing)

Defn: A tap or stamp of the foot as a warning of intent to attack; -- called also attack.

APPELLABLE Ap*pel"la*ble, a.

Defn: Appealable.

APPELLANCY Ap*pel"lan*cy, n.

Defn: Capability of appeal.

APPELLANT Ap*pel"lant, a. Etym: [L. appellans, p. pr. of appellare; cf. F. appelant. See Appeal.]

Defn: Relating to an appeal; appellate. "An appellant jurisdiction." Hallam. Party appellant (Law), the party who appeals; appellant; -- opposed to respondent, or appellee. Tomlins.

APPELLANT Ap*pel"lant, n.

1. (Law) (a) One who accuses another of felony or treason. [Obs.] (b) One who appeals, or asks for a rehearing or review of a cause by a higher tribunal.

2. A challenger. [Obs.] Milton.

3. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One who appealed to a general council against the bull Unigenitus.

4. One who appeals or entreats.

APPELLATE Ap*pel"late, a. Etym: [L. appelatus, p. p. of appellare.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or taking cognizance of, appeals. "Appellate jurisdiction." Blackstone. "Appellate judges." Burke. Appelate court, a court having cognizance of appeals.

APPELLATE Ap*pel"late, n.

Defn: A person or prosecuted for a crime. [Obs.] See Appellee.

APPELLATION Ap`pel*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. appellatio, fr. appellare: cf. F. appellation. See Appeal.]

1. The act of appealing; appeal. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. The act of calling by a name.

3. The word by which a particular person or thing is called and known; name; title; designation. They must institute some persons under the appellation of magistrates. Hume.

Syn. -- See Name.

APPELLATIVE Ap*pel"la*tive, a. Etym: [L. appellativus, fr. appellare: cf. F. appelatif. See Appeal.]

1. Pertaining to a common name; serving as a distinctive denomination; denominative; naming. Cudworth.

2. (gram.)

Defn: Common, as opposed to proper; denominative of a class.

APPELLATIVE Ap*pel"la*tive, n. Etym: [L. appelativum, sc. nomen.]

1. A common name, distinction from a proper name. A common name, or appellative, stands for a whole class, genus, or species of beings, or for universal ideas. Thus, tree is the name of all plants of a particular class; plant and vegetable are names of things that grow out of the earth. A proper name, on the other hand, stands for a single thing; as, Rome, Washington, Lake Erie.

2. An appellation or title; a descriptive name. God chosen it for one of his appellatives to be the Defender of them. Jer. Taylor.

APPELLATIVELY Ap*pel"la*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: After the manner of nouns appellative; in a manner to express whole classes or species; as, Hercules is sometimes used appellatively, that is, as a common name, to signify a strong man.

APPELLATIVENESS Ap*pel"la*tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being appellative. Fuller.

APPELLATORY Ap*pel"la*tory, a. Etym: [L. appellatorius, fr. appellare.]

Defn: Containing an appeal. An appellatory libel ought to contain the name of the party appellant. Ayliffe.

APPELLEE Ap`pel*lee", n. Etym: [F. appelé, p. p. of appeler, fr. L. appellare.] (Law) (a) The defendant in an appeal; -- opposed to appellant. (b) The person who is appealed against, or accused of crime; -- opposed to appellor. Blackstone.

APPELLOR Ap`pel*lor, n. Etym: [OF. apeleur, fr. L. appellator, fr. appellare.] (Law) (a) The person who institutes an appeal, or prosecutes another for a crime. Blackstone. (b) One who confesses a felony committed and accuses his accomplices. Blount. Burrill.

Note: This word is rarely or never used for the plaintiff in appeal from a lower court, who is called the appellant. Appellee is opposed both to appellant and appellor.

APPENAGE Ap"pen*age, n.

Defn: See Appanage.

APPEND Ap*pend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appended; p. pr. & vb. n. Appending.] Etym: [L. appendere or F. appendre: cf. OE. appenden, apenden, to belong, OF. apendre, F. appendre, fr. L. append, v. i., to hang to, append, v. t., to hang to; ad + pend, v. i., to hang, pend, v. t., to hang. See Pendant.]

1. To hang or attach to, as by a string, so that the thing is suspended; as, a seal appended to a record; the inscription was appended to the column.

2. To add, as an accessory to the principal thing; to annex; as, notes appended to this chapter. A further purpose appended to the primary one. I. Taylor.

APPENDAGE Ap*pend"age, n.

1. Something appended to, or accompanying, a principal or greater thing, though not necessary to it, as a portico to a house. Modesty is the appendage of sobriety. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A subordinate or subsidiary part or organ; an external organ or limb, esp. of the articulates. Antennæ and other appendages used for feeling. Carpenter.

Syn. -- Addition; adjunct; concomitant.

APPENDAGED Ap*pend"aged, a.

Defn: Furnished with, or supplemented by, an appendage.

APPENDANCE Ap*pend"ance, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Something appendant.

APPENDANT Ap*pend"ant, a. Etym: [F. appendant, p. pr. of appendre. See Append, v. t.]

1. Hanging; annexed; adjunct; concomitant; as, a seal appendant to a paper. As they have transmitted the benefit to us, it is but reasonable we should suffer the appendant calamity. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Law)

Defn: Appended by prescription, that is, a personal usage for a considerable time; -- said of a thing of inheritance belonging to another inheritance which is superior or more worthy; as, an advowson, common, etc. , which may be appendant to a manor, common of fishing to a freehold, a seat in church to a house. Wharton. Coke.

APPENDANT Ap*pend"ant, n.

1. Anything attached to another as incidental or subordinate to it.

2. (Law)

Defn: A inheritance annexed by prescription to a superior inheritance.

APPENDECTOMY; APPENDICECTOMY Ap`pen*dec"to*my, Ap*pend`i*cec"to*my, n. [Appendix + Gr., fr. excision.] (Surg.)

Defn: Excision of the vermiform appendix.

APPENDENCE; APPENDENCY Ap*pend"ence, Ap*pend"en*cy, n.

Defn: State of being appendant; appendance. [Obs.]

APPENDICAL Ap*pend"i*cal, a.

Defn: Of or like an appendix.

APPENDICATE Ap*pend"i*cate, v. t.

Defn: To append. [Obs.]

APPENDICATION Ap*pend`i*ca"tion, n.

Defn: An appendage. [Obs.]

APPENDICITIS Ap*pend`i*ci"tis, n. (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the vermiform appendix.

APPENDICLE Ap*pend"i*cle, n. Etym: [L. appendicula, dim. of. appendix.]

Defn: A small appendage.

APPENDICULAR Ap`pen*dic"u*lar, a.

Defn: Relating to an appendicle; appendiculate. [R.]

APPENDICULARIA Ap`pen*dic`u*la"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small free-swimming Tunicata, shaped somewhat like a tadpole, and remarkable for resemblances to the larvæ of other Tunicata. It is the type of the order Copelata or Larvalia. See Illustration in Appendix.

APPENDICULATA Ap`pen*dic`u*la"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of annelids; the Polychæta.

APPENDICULATE Ap`pen*dic"u*late, a. Etym: [See Appendicle.]

Defn: Having small appendages; forming an appendage. Appendiculate leaf, a small appended leaf. Withering.

APPENDIX Ap*pen"dix, n.; pl. E. Appendixes, L. Appendices(#). Etym: [L. appendix, -dicis, fr. appendere. See Append.]

1. Something appended or added; an appendage, adjunct, or concomitant. Normandy became an appendix to England. Sir M. Hale.

2. Any literary matter added to a book, but not necessarily essential to its completeness, and thus distinguished from supplement, which is intended to supply deficiencies and correct inaccuracies.

Syn. -- See Supplement.

APPENDIX VERMIFORMIS Ap*pen"dix ver`mi*for"mis. [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: The vermiform appendix.

APPENSION Ap*pen"sion, n.

Defn: The act of appending. [Obs.]

APPERCEIVE Ap`per*ceive", v. t. Etym: [F. apercevoir, fr. L. ad + percipere, perceptum, to perceive. See Perceive.]

Defn: To perceive; to comprehend. Chaucer.

APPERCEPTION Ap`per*cep"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. ad- + perception: cf. F. apperception.] (Metaph.)

Defn: The mind's perception of itself as the subject or actor in its own states; perception that reflects upon itself; sometimes, intensified or energetic perception. Leibnitz. Reid. This feeling has been called by philosophers the apperception or consciousness of our own existence. Sir W. Hamilton.

APPERIL Ap*per"il, n.

Defn: Peril. [Obs.] Shak.

APPERTAIN Ap`per*tain", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Appertained; p. pr. & vb. n. Appertaining.] Etym: [OE. apperteinen, apertenen, OF. apartenir, F. appartenir, fr. L. appertinere; ad + pertinere to reach to, belong. See Pertain.]

Defn: To belong or pertain, whether by right, nature, appointment, or custom; to relate. Things appertaining to this life. Hooker. Give it unto him to whom it appertaineth. Lev. vi. 5.

APPERTAINMENT Ap`per*tain"ment, n.

Defn: That which appertains to a person; an appurtenance. [Obs. or R.] Shak.

APPERTINANCE; APPERTINENCE Ap*per"ti*nance, Ap*per"ti*nence, n.

Defn: See Appurtenance.

APPERTINENT Ap*per"ti*nent, a.

Defn: Belonging; appertaining. [Now usually written appurtenant.] Coleridge.

APPERTINENT Ap*per"ti*nent, n.

Defn: That which belongs to something else; an appurtenant. [Obs.] Shak.

APPETE Ap*pete", v. t. Etym: [L. appetere: cf. F. appéter. See Appetite.]

Defn: To seek for; to desire. [Obs.] Chaucer.

APPETENCE Ap"pe*tence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. appétence. See Appetency.]

Defn: A longing; a desire; especially an ardent desire; appetite; appetency.

APPETENCY Ap"pe*ten*cy, n.; pl. Appetencies. Etym: [L. appetentia, fr. appetere to strive after, long for. See Appetite.]

1. Fixed and strong desire; esp. natural desire; a craving; an eager appetite. They had a strong appetency for reading. Merivale.

2. Specifically: An instinctive inclination or propensity in animals to perform certain actions, as in the young to suck, in aquatic fowls to enter into water and to swim; the tendency of an organized body to seek what satisfies the wants of its organism. These lacteals have mouths, and by animal selection or appetency the absorb such part of the fluid as is agreeable to their palate. E. Darwin.

3. Natural tendency; affinity; attraction; -- used of inanimate objects.

APPETENT Ap"pe*tent, a. Etym: [L. appetens, p. pr. of appetere.]

Defn: Desiring; eagerly desirous. [R.] Appetent after glory and renown. Sir G. Buck.

APPETIBILITY Ap`pe*ti*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. appétibilité.]

Defn: The quality of being desirable. Bramhall.

APPETIBLE Ap"pe*ti*ble, a. Etym: [L. appetibilis, fr. appetere: cf. F. appétible.]

Defn: Desirable; capable or worthy of being the object of desire. Bramhall.

APPETITE Ap"pe*tite, n. Etym: [OE. appetit, F. appétit, fr. L. appetitus, fr. appetere to strive after, long for; ad + petere to seek. See Petition, and cf. Appetence.]

1. The desire for some personal gratification, either of the body or of the mind. The object of appetite it whatsoever sensible good may be wished for; the object of will is that good which reason does lead us to seek. Hooker.

2. Desire for, or relish of, food or drink; hunger. Men must have appetite before they will eat. Buckle.

3. Any strong desire; an eagerness or longing. It God had given to eagles an appetite to swim. Jer. Taylor. To gratify the vulgar appetite for the marvelous. Macaulay.

4. Tendency; appetency. [Obs.] In all bodies there as an appetite of union. Bacon.

5. The thing desired. [Obs.] Power being the natural appetite of princes. Swift.

Note: In old authors, appetite is followed by to or of, but regularly it should be followed by for before the object; as, an appetite for pleasure.

Syn. -- Craving; longing; desire; appetency; passion.

APPETITION Ap`pe*ti"tion, n. Etym: [L. appetitio: cf. F. appétition.]

Defn: Desire; a longing for, or seeking after, something. Holland.

APPETITIVE Ap"pe*ti"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. appétitif.]

Defn: Having the quality of desiring gratification; as, appetitive power or faculty. Sir M. Hale.

APPETIZE Ap"pe*tize, v. t.

Defn: To make hungry; to whet the appetite of. Sir W. Scott.

APPETIZER Ap"pe*ti`zer, n.

Defn: Something which creates or whets an appetite.

APPETIZING Ap"pe*ti`zing, a. Etym: [Cf. F. appétissant.]

Defn: Exciting appetite; as, appetizing food. The appearance of the wild ducks is very appetizing. Sir W. Scott.

APPETIZING Ap"pe*ti`zing, adv.

Defn: So as to excite appetite.

APPIAN Ap"pi*an, a. Etym: [L. Appius, Appianus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Appius. Appian Way, the great paved highway from ancient Rome trough Capua to Brundisium, now Brindisi, constructed partly by Appius Claudius, about 312 b. c.

APPLAUD Ap*plaud", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Applauded; p. pr. & vb. n. Applauding.] Etym: [L. applaudere; ad + plaudere to clash, to clap the hands: cf. F. applaudir. Cf. Explode.]

1. To show approval of by clapping the hands, acclamation, or other significant sign. I would applaud thee to the very echo, That should applaud again. Shak.

2. To praise by words; to express approbation of; to commend; to approve. By the gods, I do applaud his courage. Shak.

Syn. -- To praise; extol; commend; cry up; magnify; approve. See Praise.

APPLAUD Ap*plaud", v. i.

Defn: To express approbation loudly or significantly.

APPLAUDER Ap*plaud"er, n.

Defn: One who applauds.

APPLAUSABLE Ap*plaus"a*ble, a.

Defn: Worthy pf applause; praiseworthy. [Obs.]

APPLAUSE Ap*plause", n. Etym: [L. applaudere, app. See Applaud.]

Defn: The act of applauding; approbation and praise publicly expressed by clapping the hands, stamping or tapping with the feet, acclamation, huzzas, or other means; marked commendation. The brave man seeks not popular applause. Dryden.

Syn. -- Acclaim; acclamation; plaudit; commendation; approval.

APPLAUSIVE Ap*plau"sive, a. Etym: [LL. applausivus.]

Defn: Expressing applause; approbative. -- Ap*plau"sive*ly, adv.

APPLE Ap"ple, n. Etym: [OE. appel, eppel, AS. æppel, æpl; akin to Fries. & D. appel, OHG, aphul, aphol, G. apfel, Icel. epli, Sw. äple, Dan. æble, Gael. ubhall, W. afal, Arm. aval, Lith. ob, Russ. iabloko; of unknown origin.]

1. The fleshy pome or fruit of a rosaceous tree (Pyrus malus) cultivated in numberless varieties in the temperate zones.

Note: The European crab apple is supposed to be the original kind, from which all others have sprung.

2. (bot.)

Defn: Any tree genus Pyrus which has the stalk sunken into the base of the fruit; an apple tree.

3. Any fruit or other vegetable production resembling, or supposed to resemble, the apple; as, apple of love, or love apple (a tomato), balsam apple, egg apple, oak apple.

4. Anything round like an apple; as, an apple of gold.

Note: Apple is used either adjectively or in combination; as, apple paper or apple-paper, apple-shaped, apple blossom, apple dumpling, apple pudding. Apple blight, an aphid which injures apple trees. See Blight, n. -- Apple borer (Zoöl.), a coleopterous insect (Saperda candida or bivittata), the larva of which bores into the trunk of the apple tree and pear tree. -- Apple brandy, brandy made from apples. -- Apple butter, a sauce made of apples stewed down in cider. Bartlett. -- Apple corer, an instrument for removing the cores from apples. -- Apple fly (Zoöl.), any dipterous insect, the larva of which burrows in apples. Apple flies belong to the genera Drosophila and Trypeta. -- Apple midge (Zoöl.) a small dipterous insect (Sciara mali), the larva of which bores in apples. -- Apple of the eye, the pupil. -- Apple of discord, a subject of contention and envy, so called from the mythological golden apple, inscribed "For the fairest," which was thrown into an assembly of the gods by Eris, the goddess of discord. It was contended for by Juno, Minerva, and Venus, and was adjudged to the latter. -- Apple of love, or Love apple, the tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum). -- Apple of Peru, a large coarse herb (Nicandra physaloides) bearing pale blue flowers, and a bladderlike fruit inclosing a dry berry. -- Apples of Sodom, a fruit described by ancient writers as externally of air appearance but dissolving into smoke and ashes plucked; Dead Sea apples. The name is often given to the fruit of Solanum Sodomæum, a prickly shrub with fruit not unlike a small yellow tomato. -- Apple sauce, stewed apples. [U. S.] -- Apple snail or Apple shell (Zoöl.), a fresh-water, operculated, spiral shell of the genus Ampullaria. -- Apple tart, a tart containing apples. -- Apple tree, a tree naturally bears apples. See Apple, 2. -- Apple wine, cider. -- Apple worm (Zoöl.), the larva of a small moth (Carpocapsa pomonella) which burrows in the interior of apples. See Codling moth. -- Dead Sea Apple. (a) pl. Apples of Sodom. Also Fig. "To seek the Dead Sea apples of politics." S. B. Griffin. (b) A kind of gallnut coming from Arabia. See Gallnut.

APPLE Ap"ple, v. i.

Defn: To grow like an apple; to bear apples. Holland.

APPLE-FACED Ap"ple-faced`, a.

Defn: Having a round, broad face, like an apple. "Apple-faced children." Dickens.

APPLE-JACK Ap"ple-jack`, n.

Defn: Apple brandy. [U.S.]

APPLE-JOHN Ap"ple-john`, n..

Defn: A kind of apple which by keeping becomes much withered; -- called also Johnapple. Shak.

APPLE PIE Ap"ple pie`.

Defn: A pie made of apples (usually sliced or stewed) with spice and sugar. Apple-pie bed, a bed in which, as a joke, the sheets are so doubled (like the cover of an apple turnover) as to prevent any one from getting at his length between them. Halliwell, Conybeare. -- Apple-pie order, perfect order or arrangement. [Colloq.] Halliwell.

APPLE-SQUIRE Ap"ple-squire`, n.

Defn: A pimp; a kept gallant. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

APPLIABLE Ap*pli"a*ble, a. Etym: [See Apply.]

Defn: Applicable; also, compliant. [Obs.] Howell.

APPLIANCE Ap*pli"ance, n.

1. The act of applying; application; [Obs.] subservience. Shak.

2. The thing applied or used as a means to an end; an apparatus or device; as, to use various appliances; a mechanical appliance; a machine with its appliances.

APPLICABILITY Ap`pli*ca*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being applicable or fit to be applied.

APPLICABLE Ap"pli*ca*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. aplicable, fr. L. applicare. See Apply.]

Defn: Capable of being applied; fit or suitable to be applied; having relevance; as, this observation is applicable to the case under consideration. -- Ap"pli*ca*ble*ness, n. -- Ap"pli*ca*bly, adv.

APPLICANCY Ap"pli*can*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being applicable. [R.]

APPLICANT Ap"pli*cant, n. Etym: [L. applicans, p. pr. of applicare. See Apply.]

Defn: One who apples for something; one who makes request; a petitioner. The applicant for a cup of water. Plumtre. The court require the applicant to appear in person. Z. Swift.

APPLICATE Ap"pli*cate, a. Etym: [L. applicatus, p. p. of applicare. See Apply.]

Defn: Applied or put to some use. Those applicate sciences which extend the power of man over the elements. I. Taylor. Applicate number (Math.), one which applied to some concrete case. -- Applicate ordinate, right line applied at right angles to the axis of any conic section, and bounded by the curve.

APPLICATE Ap"pli*cate, v. i.

Defn: To apply. [Obs.] The act of faith is applicated to the object. Bp. Pearson.

APPLICATION Ap`pli*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. applicatio, fr. applicare: cf. F. application. See Apply.]

1. The act of applying or laying on, in a literal sense; as, the application of emollients to a diseased limb.

2. The thing applied. He invented a new application by which blood might be stanched. Johnson.

3. The act of applying as a means; the employment of means to accomplish an end; specific use. If a right course . . . be taken with children, there will not be much need of the application of the common rewards and punishments. Locke.

4. The act of directing or referring something to a particular case, to discover or illustrate agreement or disagreement, fitness, or correspondence; as, I make the remark, and leave you to make the application; the application of a theory.

5. Hence, in specific uses: (a) That part of a sermon or discourse in which the principles before laid down and illustrated are applied to practical uses; the "moral" of a fable. (b) The use of the principles of one science for the purpose of enlarging or perfecting another; as, the application of algebra to geometry.

6. The capacity of being practically applied or used; relevancy; as, a rule of general application.

7. The act of fixing the mind or closely applying one's self; assiduous effort; close attention; as, to injure the health by application to study. Had his application been equal to his talents, his progress night have been greater. J. Jay.

8. The act of making request of soliciting; as, an application for an office; he made application to a court of chancery.

9. A request; a document containing a request; as, his application was placed on file.

APPLICATIVE Ap"pli*ca*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. applicatif, fr. L. applicare. See Apply.]

Defn: Having of being applied or used; applying; applicatory; practical. Bramhall. -- Ap"pli*ca*tive*ly, adv.

APPLICATORILY Ap"pli*ca*to*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of application.

APPLICATORY Ap"pli*ca*to*ry, a.

Defn: Having the property of applying; applicative; practical. -- n.

Defn: That which applies.

APPLIEDLY Ap*pli"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: By application. [R.]

APPLIER Ap*pli"er, n.

Defn: He who, or that which, applies.

APPLIMENT Ap*pli"ment, n.

Defn: Application. [Obs.] Marston

APPLIQUE Ap`pli`qué", a. Etym: [F., fr. appliquer to put on.]

Defn: Ornamented with a pattern (which has been cut out of another color or stuff) applied or transferred to a foundation; as, appliqué lace; appliqué work.

APPLOT Ap*plot", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Applotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Applotting.] Etym: [Pref. ad- + plot.]

Defn: To divide into plots or parts; to apportion. Milton.

APPLOTMENT Ap*plot"ment, n.

Defn: Apportionment.

APPLY Ap*ply", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Applied; p. pr. & vb. n. Applying.] Etym: [OF. aplier, F. appliquer, fr. L. applicare to join, fix, or attach to; ad + plicare to fold, to twist together. See Applicant, Ply.]

1. To lay or place; to put or adjust (one thing to another); -- with to; as, to apply the hand to the breast; to apply medicaments to a diseased part of the body. He said, and the sword his throat applied. Dryden.

2. To put to use; to use or employ for a particular purpose, or in a particular case; to appropriate; to devote; as, to apply money to the payment of a debt.

3. To make use of, declare, or pronounce, as suitable, fitting, or relative; as, to apply the testimony to the case; to apply an epithet to a person. Yet God at last To Satan, first in sin, his doom applied. Milton.

4. To fix closely; to engage and employ diligently, or with attention; to attach; to incline. Apply thine heart unto instruction. Prov. xxiii. 12.

5. To direct or address. [R.] Sacred vows . . . applied to grisly Pluto. Pope.

6. To betake; to address; to refer; -- used reflexively. I applied myself to him for help. Johnson.

7. To busy; to keep at work; to ply. [Obs.] She was skillful in applying his "humors." Sir P. Sidney.

8. To visit. [Obs.] And he applied each place so fast. Chapman. Applied chemistry. See under Chemistry. -- Applied mathematics. See under Mathematics.

APPLY Ap*ply", v. i.

1. To suit; to agree; to have some connection, agreement, or analogy; as, this argument applies well to the case.

2. To make request; to have recourse with a view to gain something; to make application. (to); to solicit; as, to apply to a friend for information.

3. To ply; to move. [R.] I heard the sound of an oar applying swiftly through the water. T. Moore.

4. To apply or address one's self; to give application; to attend closely (to).

APPOGGIATURA Ap*pog`gia*tu"ra, n. Etym: [It., fr. appogiarre to lean, to rest; ap- (L. ad) + poggiare to mount, ascend, poggio hill, fr. L. podium an elevated place.] (Mus.)

Defn: A passing tone preceding an essential tone, and borrowing the time it occupies from that; a short auxiliary or grace note one degree above or below the principal note unless it be of the same harmony; -- generally indicated by a note of smaller size, as in the illustration above. It forms no essential part of the harmony.

APPOINT Ap*point", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appointed; p. pr. & vb. n. Appointing.] Etym: [OE. appointen, apointen, OF. apointier to prepare, arrange, lean, place, F. appointer to give a salary, refer a cause, fr. LL. appunctare to bring back to the point, restore, to fix the point in a controversy, or the points in an agreement; L. ad + punctum a point. See Point.]

1. To fix with power or firmness; to establish; to mark out. When he appointed the foundations of the earth. Prov. viii. 29.

2. To fix by a decree, order, command, resolve, decision, or mutual agreement; to constitute; to ordain; to prescribe; to fix the time and place of. Thy servants are ready to do whatsoever my lord the king shall appoint. 2 Sam. xv. 15. He hath appointed a day, in the which he will judge the world in righteousness. Acts xvii. 31. Say that the emperor request a parley . . . and appoint the meeting. Shak.

3. To assign, designate, or set apart by authority. Aaron and his shall go in, and appoint them every one to his service. Num. iv. 19. These were cities appointed for all the children of Israel, and for the stranger that sojourneth among them. Josh. xx. 9.

4. To furnish in all points; to provide with everything necessary by way of equipment; to equip; to fit out. The English, being well appointed, did so entertain them that their ships departed terribly torn. Hayward.

5. To point at by way, or for the purpose, of censure or commendation; to arraign. [Obs.] Appoint not heavenly disposition. Milton.

6. (Law)

Defn: To direct, designate, or limit; to make or direct a new disposition of, by virtue of a power contained in a conveyance; -- said of an estate already conveyed. Burrill. Kent. To appoint one's self, to resolve. [Obs.] Crowley.

APPOINT Ap*point", v. i.

Defn: To ordain; to determine; to arrange. For the Lord had appointed to defeat the good counsel of Ahithoph2 Sam. xvii. 14.

APPOINTABLE Ap*point"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being appointed or constituted.

APPOINTEE Ap*point*ee", n. Etym: [F. appointé, p. p. of appointer. See Appoint, v. t.]

1. A person appointed. The commission authorizes them to make appointments, and pay the appointees. Circular of Mass. Representatives (1768).

2. (law)

Defn: A person in whose favor a power of appointment is executed. Kent. Wharton.

APPOINTER Ap*point"er, n.

Defn: One who appoints, or executes a power of appointment. Kent.

APPOINTIVE Ap*point"ive, a.

Defn: Subject to appointment; as, an appointive office. [R.]

APPOINTMENT Ap*point"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. appointement.]

1. The act of appointing; designation of a person to hold an office or discharge a trust; as, he erred by the appointment of unsuitable men.

2. The state of being appointed to somappointment of treasurer.

3. Stipulation; agreement; the act of fixing by mutual agreement. Hence:: Arrangement for a meeting; engagement; as, they made an appointment to meet at six.

4. Decree; direction; established order or constitution; as, to submit to the divine appointments. According to the appointment of the priests. Ezra vi. 9.

5. (Law)

Defn: The exercise of the power of designating (under a "power of appointment") a person to enjoy an estate or other specific property; also, the instrument by which the designation is made.

6. Equipment, furniture, as for a ship or an army; whatever is appointed for use and management; outfit; (pl.) the accouterments of military officers or soldiers, as belts, sashes, swords. The cavaliers emulated their chief in the richness of their appointments. Prescott. I'll prove it in my shackles, with these hands Void of appoinment, that thou liest. Beau. & Fl.

7. An allowance to a person, esp. to a public officer; a perquisite; -- properly only in the plural. [Obs.] An expense proportioned to his appointments and fortune is necessary. Chesterfield.

8. A honorary part or exercise, as an oration, etc., at a public exhibition of a college; as, to have an appointment. [U.S.]

Syn. -- Designation; command; order; direction; establishment; equipment.

APPOINTOR Ap*point*or", n. (Law)

Defn: The person who selects the appointee. See Appointee, 2.

APPORTER Ap*por"ter, n. Etym: [Cf. F. apporter to bring in, fr. L. apportare; ad + portare to bear.]

Defn: A bringer in; an importer. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

APPORTION Ap*por"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Apportioned; p. pr. & vb. n. Apportioning.] Etym: [OF. apportionner, LL. apportionare, fr. L. ad + portio. See Portion.]

Defn: To divide and assign in just proportion; to divide and distribute proportionally; to portion out; to allot; as, to apportion undivided rights; to apportion time among various employments.

APPORTIONATENESS Ap*por"tion*ate*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being apportioned or in proportion. [Obs. & R.]

APPORTIONER Ap*por"tion*er, n.

Defn: One who apportions.

APPORTIONMENT Ap*por"tion*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. apportionnement, LL. apportionamentum.]

Defn: The act of apportioning; a dividing into just proportions or shares; a division or shares; a division and assignment, to each proprietor, of his just portion of an undivided right or property. A. Hamilton.

APPOSABLE Ap*pos"a*ble, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Capable of being apposed, or applied one to another, as the thumb to the fingers of the hand.

APPOSE Ap*pose", v. t. Etym: [F. apposer to set to; ad) + poser to put, place. See Pose.]

1. To place opposite or before; to put or apply (one thing to another). The nymph herself did then appose, For food and beverage, to him all best meat. Chapman.

2. To place in juxtaposition or proximity.

APPOSE Ap*pose", v. t. Etym: [For oppose. See Oppose.]

Defn: To put questions to; to examine; to try. [Obs.] See Pose. To appose him without any accuser, and that secretly. Tyndale.

APPOSED Ap*posed", a.

Defn: Placed in apposition; mutually fitting, as the mandibles of a bird's beak.

APPOSER Ap*pos"er, n.

Defn: An examiner; one whose business is to put questions. Formerly, in the English Court of Exchequer, an officer who audited the sheriffs' accounts.

APPOSITE Ap"po*site, a. Etym: [L. appositus, p. p. of apponere to set or put to; ad + ponere to put, place.]

Defn: Very applicable; well adapted; suitable or fit; relevant; pat; -- followed by to; as, this argument is very apposite to the case. -- Ap"po*site*ly, adv. -- Ap"po*site*ness, n.

APPOSITION Ap`po*si"tion, n. Etym: [L. appositio, fr. apponere: cf. F. apposition. See Apposite.]

1. The act of adding; application; accretion. It grows . . . by the apposition of new matter. Arbuthnot.

2. The putting of things in juxtaposition, or side by side; also, the condition of being so placed.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: The state of two nouns or pronouns, put in the same case, without a connecting word between them; as, I admire Cicero, the orator. Here, the second noun explains or characterizes the first. Growth by apposition (Physiol.), a mode of growth characteristic of non vascular tissues, in which nutritive matter from the blood is transformed on the surface of an organ into solid unorganized substance.

APPOSITIONAL Ap`po*si"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to apposition; put in apposition syntactically. Ellicott.

APPOSITIVE Ap*pos"i*tive, a.

Defn: Of or relating to apposition; in apposition. -- n.

Defn: A noun in apposition. -- Ap*pos"i*tive*ly, adv. Appositive to the words going immediately before. Knatchbull.

APPRAISABLE Ap*prais"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being appraised.

APPRAISAL Ap*prais"al, n. Etym: [See Appraise. Cf. Apprizal.]

Defn: A valuation by an authorized person; an appraisement.

APPRAISE Ap*praise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appraised; p. pr. & vb. n. Appraising.] Etym: [Pref. ad- + praise. See Praise, Price, Apprize, Appreciate.]

1. To set a value; to estimate the worth of, particularly by persons appointed for the purpose; as, to appraise goods and chattels.

2. To estimate; to conjecture. Enoch . . . appraised his weight. Tennyson.

3. To praise; to commend. [Obs.] R. Browning. Appraised the Lycian custom. Tennyson.

Note: In the United States, this word is often pronounced, and sometimes written, apprize.

APPRAISEMENT Ap*praise"ment, n. Etym: [See Appraise. Cf. Apprizement.]

Defn: The act of setting the value; valuation by an appraiser; estimation of worth.

APPRAISER Ap*prais"er, n. Etym: [See Appraise, Apprizer.]

Defn: One who appraises; esp., a person appointed and sworn to estimate and fix the value of goods or estates.

APPRECATION Ap`pre*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. apprecari to pray to; ad + precari to pray, prex, precis, prayer.]

Defn: Earnest prayer; devout wish. [Obs.] A solemn apprecation of good success. Bp. Hall.

APPRECATORY Ap"pre*ca*to*ry, a.

Defn: Praying or wishing good. [Obs.]"Apprecatory benedictions." Bp. Hall.

APPRECIABLE Ap*pre"ci*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. appréciable.]

Defn: Capable of being appreciated or estimated; large enough to be estimated; perceptible; as, an appreciable quantity. -- Ap*pre"ci*a*bly, adv.

APPRECIANT Ap*pre"ci*ant, a.

Defn: Appreciative. [R.]

APPRECIATE Ap*pre"ci*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appreciated; p. pr. & vb. n. Appreciating.] Etym: [L. appretiatus, p. p. of appretiare to value at a price, appraise; ad + pretiare to prize, pretium price. Cf. Appraise.]

1. To set a price or value on; to estimate justly; to value. To appreciate the motives of their enemies. Gibbon.

3. To raise the value of; to increase the market price of; -- opposed to depreciate. [U.S.] Lest a sudden peace should appreciate the money. Ramsay.

4. To be sensible of; to distinguish. To test the power of bappreciate color. Lubbock.

Syn. -- To Appreciate, Estimate, Esteem. Estimate is an act of judgment; esteem is an act of valuing or prizing, and when applied to individuals, denotes a sentiment of moral approbation. See Estimate. Appreciate lies between the two. As compared with estimate, it supposes a union of sensibility with judgment, producing a nice and delicate perception. As compared with esteem, it denotes a valuation of things according to their appropriate and distinctive excellence, and not simply their moral worth. Thus, with reference to the former of these (delicate perception), an able writer says. "Women have a truer appreciation of character than men;" and another remarks, "It is difficult to appreciate the true force and distinctive sense of terms which we are every day using." So, also, we speak of the difference between two things, as sometimes hardly appreciable. With reference to the latter of these (that of valuation as the result of a nice perception), we say, "It requires a peculiar cast of character to appreciate the poetry of Wordsworth;" "He who has no delicacy himself, can not appreciate it in others;" "The thought of death is salutary, because it leads us to appreciate worldly things aright." Appreciate is much used in cases where something is in danger of being overlooked or undervalued; as when we speak of appreciating the difficulties of a subject, or the risk of an undertaking. So Lord Plunket, referring to an "ominous silence" which prevailed among the Irish peasantry, says, "If you knew now to appreciate that silence, it is more formidable than the most clamorous opposition." In like manner, a person who asks some favor of another is apt to say, "I trust you will appreciate my motives in this request." Here we have the key to a very frequent use of the word. It is hardly necessary to say that appreciate looks on the favorable side of things. we never speak of appreciating a man's faults, but his merits. This idea of regarding things favorably appears more fully in the word appreciative; as when we speak of an appreciative audience, or an appreciative review, meaning one that manifests a quick perception and a ready valuation of excellence.

APPRECIATE Ap*pre"ci*ate, v. i.

Defn: To rise in value. [See note under Rise, v. i.] J. Morse.

APPRECIATINGLY Ap*pre"ci*a`ting*ly, adv.

Defn: In an appreciating manner; with appreciation.

APPRECIATION Ap*pre`ci*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. appréciation.]

1. A just valuation or estimate of merit, worth, weight, etc.; recognition of excellence.

2. Accurate perception; true estimation; as, an appreciation of the difficulties before us; an appreciation of colors. His foreboding showed his appreciation of Henry's character. J. R. Green.

3. A rise in value; -- opposed to depreciation.

APPRECIATIVE Ap*pre"ci*a*tive, a.

Defn: Having or showing a just or ready appreciation or perception; as, an appreciative audience. -- Ap*pre"ci*a*tive*ly, adv.

APPRECIATIVENESS Ap*pre"ci*a*tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being appreciative; quick recognition of excellence.

APPRECIATOR Ap*pre"ci*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who appreciates.

APPRECIATORY Ap*pre"ci*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Showing appreciation; appreciative; as, appreciatory commendation. -- Ap*pre"ci*a*to*ri*ly, adv.

APPREHEND Ap`pre*hend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Apprehended; p. pr. & vb. n. Apprehending.] Etym: [L. apprehendere; ad + prehendere to lay hold of, seize; prae before + -hendere (used only in comp.); akin to Gr. get: cf. F. appréhender. See Prehensile, Get.]

1. To take or seize; to take hold of. [Archaic] We have two hands to apprehended it. Jer. Taylor.

2. Hence: To take or seize (a person) by legal process; to arrest; as, to apprehend a criminal.

3. To take hold of with the understanding, that is, to conceive in the mind; to become cognizant of; to understand; to recognize; to consider. This suspicion of Earl Reimund, though at first but a buzz, soon got a sting in the king's head, and he violently apprehended it. Fuller. The eternal laws, such as the heroic age apprehended them. Gladstone.

4. To know or learn with certainty. [Obs.] G. You are too much distrustful of my truth. E. Then you must give me leave to apprehend The means and manner how. Beau. & Fl.

5. To anticipate; esp., to anticipate with anxiety, dread, or fear; to fear. The opposition had more reason than the king to apprehend violence. Macaulay.

Syn. -- To catch; seize; arrest; detain; capture; conceive; understand; imagine; believe; fear; dread. -- To Apprehend, Comprehend. These words come into comparison as describing acts of the mind. Apprehend denotes the laying hold of a thing mentally, so as to understand it clearly, at least in part. Comprehend denotes the embracing or understanding it in all its compass and extent. We may apprehended many truths which we do not comprehend. The very idea of God supposes that he may be apprehended, though not comprehended, by rational beings. "We may apprehended much of Shakespeare's aim and intention in the character of Hamlet or King Lear; but few will claim that they have comprehended all that is embraced in these characters." Trench.

APPREHEND Ap`pre*hend", v. i.

1. To think, believe, or be of opinion; to understand; to suppose.

2. To be apprehensive; to fear. It is worse to apprehend than to suffer. Rowe.

APPREHENDER Ap`pre*hend"er, n.

Defn: One who apprehends.

APPREHENSIBIITY Ap`pre*hen`si*bi"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being apprehensible. [R.] De Quincey.

APPREHENSIBLE Ap`pre*hen"si*ble, a. Etym: [L. apprehensibilis. See Apprehend.]

Defn: Capable of being apprehended or conceived. "Apprehensible by faith." Bp. Hall. -- Ap`*pre*hen"si*bly, adv.

APPREHENSION Ap`pre*hen"sion, n. Etym: [L. apprehensio: cf. F. appréhension. See Apprehend.]

1. The act of seizing or taking hold of; seizure; as, the hand is an organ of apprehension. Sir T. Browne.

2. The act of seizing or taking by legal process; arrest; as, the felon, after his apprehension, escaped.

3. The act of grasping with the intellect; the contemplation of things, without affirming, denying, or passing any judgment; intellection; perception. Simple apprehension denotes no more than the soul's naked intellection of an object. Glanvill.

4. Opinion; conception; sentiment; idea.

Note: In this sense, the word often denotes a belief, founded on sufficient evidence to give preponderation to the mind, but insufficient to induce certainty; as, in our apprehension, the facts prove the issue. To false, and to be thought false, is all one in respect of men, who act not according to truth, but apprehension. South.

5. The faculty by which ideas are conceived; understanding; as, a man of dull apprehension.

6. Anticipation, mostly of things unfavorable; distrust or fear at the prospect of future evil. After the death of his nephew Caligula, Claudius was in no small apprehension for his own life. Addison.

Syn. -- Apprehension, Alarm. Apprehension springs from a sense of danger when somewhat remote, but approaching; alarm arises from danger when announced as near at hand. Apprehension is calmer and more permanent; alarm is more agitating and transient.

APPREHENSIVE Ap`pre*hen"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. appréhensif. See Apprehend.]

1. Capable of apprehending, or quick to do so; apt; discerning. It may be pardonable to imagine that a friend, a kind and apprehensive . . . friend, is listening to our talk. Hawthorne.

2. Knowing; conscious; cognizant. [R.] A man that has spent his younger years in vanity and folly, and is, by the grace of God, apprehensive of it. Jer. Taylor.

3. Relating to the faculty of apprehension. Judgment . . . is implied in every apprehensive act. Sir W. Hamilton.

4. Anticipative of something unfavorable' fearful of what may be coming; in dread of possible harm; in expectation of evil. Not at all apprehensive of evils as a distance. Tillotson. Reformers . . . apprehensive for their lives. Gladstone.

5. Sensible; feeling; perceptive. [R.] Thoughts, my tormentors, armed with deadly stings, Mangle my apprehensive, tenderest parts. Milton.

APPREHENSIVELY Ap`pre*hen"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an apprehensive manner; with apprehension of danger.

APPREHENSIVENESS Ap`pre*hen"sive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being apprehensive.

APPRENTICE Ap*pren"tice, n. Etym: [OE. apprentice, prentice, OF. aprentis, nom. of aprentif, fr. apprendare to learn, L. apprendere, equiv. to apprehendere, to take hold of (by the mind), to comprehend. See Apprehend, Prentice.]

1. One who is bound by indentures or by legal agreement to serve a mechanic, or other person, for a certain time, with a view to learn the art, or trade, in which his master is bound to instruct him.

2. One not well versed in a subject; a tyro.

3. (Old law)

Defn: A barrister, considered a learner of law till of sixteen years' standing, when he might be called to the rank of serjeant. [Obs.] Blackstone.

APPRENTICE Ap*pren"tice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Apprenticed; p. pr. & vb. n. Apprenticing.]

Defn: To bind to, or put under the care of, a master, for the purpose of instruction in a trade or business.

APPRENTICEAGE Ap*pren"tice*age, n. Etym: [F. apprentissage.]

Defn: Apprenticeship. [Obs.]

APPRENTICEHOOD Ap*pren"tice*hood, n.

Defn: Apprenticeship. [Obs.]

APPRENTICESHIP Ap*pren"tice*ship, n.

1. The service or condition of an apprentice; the state in which a person is gaining instruction in a trade or art, under legal agreement.

2. The time an apprentice is serving (sometimes seven years, as from the age of fourteen to twenty-one).

APPRESSED; APPREST Ap*pressed", Ap*prest", a. Etym: [p. p. appress, which is not in use. See Adpress.] (Bot.)

Defn: Pressed close to, or lying against, something for its whole length, as against a stem, Gray.

APPRISE Ap*prise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Apprised; p. pr. & vb. n. Apprising.] Etym: [F. appris, fem. apprise, p. p. apprendre to learn, to teach, to inform. Cf. Apprehend, Apprentice.]

Defn: To give notice, verbal or written; to inform; -- followed by of; as, we will apprise the general of an intended attack; he apprised the commander of what he had done.

APPRISE Ap*prise", n.

Defn: Notice; information. [Obs.] Gower.

APPRIZAL Ap*priz"al, n.

Defn: See Appraisal.

APPRIZE Ap*prize", v. t. Etym: [The same as Appraise, only more accommodated to the English form of the L. pretiare.]

Defn: To appraise; to value; to appreciate.

APPRIZEMENT Ap*prize"ment, n.

Defn: Appraisement.

APPRIZER Ap*priz"er, n.

1. An appraiser.

2. (Scots Law)

Defn: A creditor for whom an appraisal is made. Sir W. Scott.

APPROACH Ap*proach", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Approached; p. pr. & vb. n. Approaching.] Etym: [OE. approchen, aprochen, OF. approcher, LL. appropriare, fr. L. ad + propiare to draw near, prope near.]

1. To come or go near, in place or time; to draw nigh; to advance nearer. Wherefore approached ye so nigh unto the city 2 Sam. xi. 20. But exhorting one another; and so much the more, as ye see the day approaching. Heb. x. 25.

2. To draw near, in a figurative sense; to make advances; to approximate; as, he approaches to the character of the ablest statesman.

APPROACH Ap*proach", v. t.

1. To bring near; to cause to draw near; to advance. [Archaic] Boyle.

2. To come near to in place, time, or character; to draw nearer to; as, to approach the city; to approach my cabin; he approached the age of manhood. He was an admirable poet, and thought even to have approached Homer. Temple.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: To take approaches to.

APPROACH Ap*proach", n. Etym: [Cf. F. approche. See Approach, v. i.]

1. The act of drawing near; a coming or advancing near. "The approach of summer." Horsley. A nearer approach to the human type. Owen.

2. A access, or opportunity of drawing near. The approach to kings and principal persons. Bacon.

3. pl.

Defn: Movements to gain favor; advances.

4. A way, passage, or avenue by which a place or buildings can be approached; an access. Macaulay.

5. pl. (Fort.)

Defn: The advanced works, trenches, or covered roads made by besiegers in their advances toward a fortress or military post.

6. (Hort.)

Defn: See Approaching.

APPROACHABILITY Ap*proach`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being approachable; approachableness.

APPROACHABLE Ap*proach"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being approached; accessible; as, approachable virtue.

APPROACHABLENESS Ap*proach"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being approachable; accessibility.

APPROACHER Ap*proach"er, n.

Defn: One who approaches.

APPROACHING Ap*proach"ing, n. (Hort.)

Defn: The act of ingrafting a sprig or shoot of one tree into another, without cutting it from the parent stock; -- called, also, inarching and grafting by approach.

APPROACHLESS Ap*proach"less, a.

Defn: Impossible to be approached.

APPROACHMENT Ap*proach"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. approachement.]

Defn: Approach. [Archaic] Holland.

APPROBATE Ap"pro*bate, a. Etym: [L. approbatus, p. p. of approbare to approve.]

Defn: Approved. [Obs.] Elyot.

APPROBATE Ap"pro*bate, v. t.

Defn: To express approbation of; to approve; to sanction officially. I approbate the one, I reprobate the other. Sir W. Hamilton.

Note: This word is obsolete in England, but is occasionally heard in the United States, chiefly in a technical sense for license; as, a person is approbated to preach; approbated to keep a public house. Pickering (1816).

APPROBATION Ap`pro*ba"tion, n. Etym: [L. approbatio: cf. F. approbation. See Approve to prove.]

1. Proof; attestation. [Obs.] Shak.

2. The act of approving; an assenting to the propriety of a thing with some degree of pleasure or satisfaction; approval; sanction; commendation. Many . . . joined in a loud hum of approbation. Macaulay. The silent approbation of one's own breast. Melmoth. Animals . . . love approbation or praise. Darwin.

3. Probation or novitiate. [Obs.] This day my sister should the cloister enter, And there receive her approbation. Shak.

Syn. -- Approval; liking; sanction; consent; concurrence. -- Approbation, Approval. Approbation and approval have the same general meaning, assenting to or declaring as good, sanction, commendation; but approbation is stronger and more positive. "We may be anxious for the approbation of our friends; but we should be still more anxious for the approval of our own consciences." "He who is desirous to obtain universal approbation will learn a good lesson from the fable of the old man and his ass." "The work has been examined by several excellent judges, who have expressed their unqualified approval of its plan and execution."

APPROBATIVE Ap"pro*ba*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. approbatif.]

Defn: Approving, or implying approbation. Milner.

APPROBATIVENESS Ap"pro*ba*tive*ness, n.

1. The quality of being approbative.

2. (Phren.)

Defn: Love of approbation.

APPROBATOR Ap"pro*ba`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who approves. [R.]

APPROBATORY Ap"pro*ba`to*ry, a.

Defn: Containing or expressing approbation; commendatory. Sheldon.

APPROMT Ap*promt", v. t. Etym: [Pref. ad- + promt.]

Defn: To quicken; to prompt. [Obs.] To appromt our invention. Bacon.

APPROOF Ap*proof", n. Etym: [See Approve, and Proof.]

1. Trial; proof. [Archaic] Shak.

2. Approval; commendation. Shak.

APPROPINQUATE Ap`pro*pin"quate, v. i. Etym: [L. appropinquatus, p. p. of appropinquare; ad + prope near.]

Defn: To approach. [Archaic] Ld. Lytton.

APPROPINQUATION Ap`pro*pin*qua"tion, n. Etym: [L. appropinquatio.]

Defn: A drawing nigh; approach. [R.] Bp. Hall.

APPROPINQUITY Ap`pro*pin"qui*ty, n. Etym: [Pref. ad- + propinquity.]

Defn: Nearness; propinquity. [R.] J. Gregory.

APPROPRE Ap*pro"pre, v. t. Etym: [OE. appropren, apropren, OF. approprier, fr. L. appropriare. See Appropriate.]

Defn: To appropriate. [Obs.] Fuller.

APPROPRIABLE Ap*pro"pri*a*ble, a. Etym: [See Appropriate.]

Defn: Capable of being appropriated, set apart, sequestered, or assigned exclusively to a particular use. Sir T. Browne.

APPROPRIAMENT Ap*pro"pri*a*ment, n.

Defn: What is peculiarly one's own; peculiar qualification.[Obs.] If you can neglect Your own appropriaments. Ford.

APPROPRIATE Ap*pro"pri*ate, a. Etym: [L. appropriatus, p. p. of appropriare; ad + propriare to appropriate, fr. proprius one's own, proper. See Proper.]

Defn: Set apart for a particular use or person. Hence: Belonging peculiarly; peculiar; suitable; fit; proper. In its strict and appropriate meaning. Porteus. Appropriate acts of divine worship. Stillingfleet. It is not at all times easy to find words appropriate to express our ideas. Locke.

APPROPRIATE Ap*pro"pri*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appropriated; p. pr. & vb. n. Appropriating.]

1. To take to one's self in exclusion of others; to claim or use as by an exclusive right; as, let no man appropriate the use of a common benefit.

2. To set apart for, or assign to, a particular person or use, in exclusion of all others; -- with to or for; as, a spot of ground is appropriated for a garden; to appropriate money for the increase of the navy.

3. To make suitable; to suit. [Archaic] Paley.

4. (Eng. Eccl. Law)

Defn: To annex, as a benefice, to a spiritual corporation, as its property. Blackstone.

APPROPRIATE Ap*pro"pri*ate, n.

Defn: A property; attribute. [Obs.]

APPROPRIATELY Ap*pro"pri*ate*ly, adv.

Defn: In an appropriate or proper manner; fitly; properly.

APPROPRIATENESS Ap*pro"pri*ate*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being appropriate; peculiar fitness. Froude.

APPROPRIATION Ap*pro`pri*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. appropriatio: cf. F. appropriation.]

1. The act of setting apart or assigning to a particular use or person, or of taking to one's self, in exclusion of all others; application to a special use or purpose, as of a piece of ground for a park, or of money to carry out some object.

2. Anything, especially money, thus set apart. The Commons watched carefully over the appropriation. Macaulay.

3. (Law) (a) The severing or sequestering of a benefice to the perpetual use of a spiritual corporation. Blackstone. (b) The application of payment of money by a debtor to his creditor, to one of several debts which are due from the former to the latter. Chitty.

APPROPRIATIVE Ap*pro"pri*a*tive, a.

Defn: Appropriating; making, or tending to, appropriation; as, an appropriative act. -- Ap*pro"pri*a*tive*ness, n.

APPROPRIATOR Ap*pro"pri*a`tor, n.

1. One who appropriates.

2. (Law)

Defn: A spiritual corporation possessed of an appropriated benefice; also, an impropriator.

APPROVABLE Ap*prov"a*ble, a.

Defn: Worthy of being approved; meritorious. -- Ap*prov"a*ble*ness, n.

APPROVAL Ap*prov"al, n.

Defn: Approbation; sanction. A censor . . . without whose approval nTemple.

Syn. -- See Approbation.

APPROVANCE Ap*prov"ance, n.

Defn: Approval. [Archaic] Thomson.

APPROVE Ap*prove", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Approved; p. pr. & vb. n. Approving.] Etym: [OE. aproven, appreven, to prove, OF. aprover, F. approuver, to approve, fr. L. approbare; ad + probare to esteem as good, approve, prove. See Prove, and cf. Approbate.]

1. To show to be real or true; to prove. [Obs.] Wouldst thou approve thy constancy Approve First thy obedience. Milton.

2. To make proof of; to demonstrate; to prove or show practically. Opportunities to approve . . . worth. Emerson. He had approved himself a great warrior. Macaulay. 'T is an old lesson; Time approves it true. Byron. His account . . . approves him a man of thought. Parkman.

3. To sanction officially; to ratify; to confirm; as, to approve the decision of a court-martial.

4. To regard as good; to commend; to be pleased with; to think well of; as, we approve the measured of the administration.

5. To make or show to be worthy of approbation or acceptance. The first care and concern must be to approve himself to God. Rog

Note: This word, when it signifies to be pleased with, to think favorably (of), is often followed by of. They had not approved of the deposition of James. Macaulay. They approved of the political institutions. W. Black.

APPROVE Ap*prove", v. t. Etym: [OF. aprouer; (L. ad) + a form apparently derived fr. the pro, prod, in L. prodest it is useful or profitable, properly the preposition pro for. Cf. Improve.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: To make profit of; to convert to one's own profit; said esp. of waste or common land appropriated by the lord of the manor.

APPROVEDLY Ap*prov"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to secure approbation; in an approved manner.

APPROVEMENT Ap*prove"ment, n. [Obs.]

1. Approbation. I did nothing without your approvement. Hayward.

2. (Eng. Law)

Defn: a confession of guilt by a prisoner charged with treason or felony, together with an accusation of his accomplish and a giving evidence against them in order to obtain his own pardon. The term is no longer in use; it corresponded to what is now known as turning king's (or queen's) evidence in England, and state's evidence in the United States. Burrill. Bouvier.

APPROVEMENT Ap*prove"ment, n. (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: Improvement of common lands, by inclosing and converting them to the uses of husbandry for the advantage of the lord of the manor. Blackstone.

APPROVER Ap*prov"er, n.

1. One who approves. Formerly, one who made proof or trial.

2. An informer; an accuser. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. (Eng. Law)

Defn: One who confesses a crime and accuses another. See 1st Approvement, 2.

APPROVER Ap*prov"er, n. Etym: [See 2d Approve, v. t.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: A bailiff or steward; an agent. [Obs.] Jacobs.

APPROVING Ap*prov"ing, a.

Defn: Expressing approbation; commending; as, an approving smile. -- Ap*prov"ing*ly, adv.

APPROXIMATE Ap*prox"i*mate, a. Etym: [L. approximatus, p. p. of approximare to approach; ad + proximare to come near. See Proximate.]

1. Approaching; proximate; nearly resembling.

2. Near correctness; nearly exact; not perfectly accurate; as, approximate results or values. Approximate quantities (Math.), those which are nearly, but not, equal.

APPROXIMATE Ap*prox"i*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Approximated; p. pr. & vb. n. Approximating.]

1. To carry or advance near; to cause to approach. To approximate the inequality of riches to the level of nature. Burke.

2. To come near to; to approach. The telescope approximates perfection. J. Morse.

APPROXIMATE Ap*prox"i*mate, v. i.

Defn: To draw; to approach.

APPROXIMATELY Ap*prox"i*mate*ly, adv.

Defn: With approximation; so as to approximate; nearly.

APPROXIMATION Ap*prox`i*ma"tion. n. Etym: [Cf. F. approximation, LL. approximatio.]

1. The act of approximating; a drawing, advancing or being near; approach; also, the result of approximating. The largest capacity and the most noble dispositions are but an approximation to the proper standard and true symmetry of human nature. I. Taylor.

2. An approach to a correct estimate, calculation, or conception, or to a given quantity, quality, etc.

3. (Math.) (a) A continual approach or coming nearer to a result; as, to solve an equation by approximation. (b) A value that is nearly but not exactly correct.

APPROXIMATIVE Ap*prox"i*ma*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. approximatif.]

Defn: Approaching; approximate. -- Ap*prox"i*ma*tive*ly, adv. -- Ap*prox"i*ma*tive*ness, n.

APPROXIMATOR Ap*prox"i*ma`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, approximates.

APPUI Ap`pui", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. ad + podium foothold, Gr.

Defn: A support or supporter; a stay; a prop. [Obs.] If a be to climb trees that are of any great height, there would be stays and appuies set to it. Holland. Point d'appui. Etym: [F., a point of support.] (Mil.) (a) A given point or body, upon which troops are formed, or by which are marched in line or column. (b) An advantageous defensive support, as a castle, morass, wood, declivity, etc.

APPULSE Ap"pulse, n. Etym: [L. appulsus, fr. appellere, appulsum, to drive to; ad + pellere to drive: cf. F. appulse.]

1. A driving or running towards; approach; impulse; also, the act of striking against. In all consonants there is an appulse of the organs. Holder.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The near approach of one heavenly body to another, or to the meridian; a coming into conjunction; as, the appulse of the moon to a star, or of a star to the meridian.

APPULSION Ap*pul"sion, n.

Defn: A driving or striking against; an appulse.

APPULSIVE Ap*pul"sive, a.

Defn: Striking against; impinging; as, the appulsive influence of the planets. P. Cyc.

APPULSIVELY Ap*pul"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: By appulsion.

APPURTENANCE Ap*pur"te*nance, n. Etym: [OF. apurtenaunce, apartenance, F. appartenance, LL. appartenentia, from L. appertinere. See Appertain.]

Defn: That which belongs to something else; an adjunct; an appendage; an accessory; something annexed to another thing more worthy; in common parlance and legal acceptation, something belonging to another thing as principal, and which passes as incident to it, as a right of way, or other easement to land; a right of common to pasture, an outhouse, barn, garden, or orchard, to a house or messuage. In a strict legal sense, land can never pass as an appurtenance to land. Tomlins. Bouvier. Burrill. Globes . . . provided as appurtenances to astronomy. Bacon. The structure of the eye, and of its appurtenances. Reid.

APPURTENANT Ap*pur"te*nant, a. Etym: [F. appartenant, p. pr. of appartenir. See Appurtenance.]

Defn: Annexed or pertaining to some more important thing; accessory; incident; as, a right of way appurtenant to land or buildings. Blackstone. Common appurtenatn. (Law) See under Common, n.

APPURTENANT Ap*pur"te*nant, n,

Defn: Something which belongs or appertains to another thing; an appurtenance. Mysterious appurtenants and symbols of redemption. Coleridge.

APRICATE Ap"ri*cate, v. t. & i. Etym: [L. apricatus, p. p. of apricare, fr. apricus exposed to the sun, fr. aperire to uncover, open.]

Defn: To bask in the sun. Boyle.

APRICATION Ap`ri*ca"tion, n.

Defn: Basking in the sun. [R.]

APRICOT A"pri*cot, n. Etym: [OE. apricock, abricot, F. abricot, fr. Sp. albaricoque or Pg. albricoque, fr. Ar. albirq, al-burq. Though the E. and F. form abricot is derived from the Arabic through the Spanish, yet the Arabic word itself was formed from the Gr. praecoquus, praecox, early ripe. The older E. form apricock was prob. taken direct from Pg. See Precocious, Cook.] (Bot.)

Defn: A fruit allied to the plum, of an orange color, oval shape, and delicious taste; also, the tree (Prunus Armeniaca of Linnæus) which bears this fruit. By cultivation it has been introduced throughout the temperate zone.

APRIL A"pril, n. Etym: [L. Aprilis. OE. also Averil, F. Avril, fr. L. Aprilis.]

1. The fourth month of the year.

2. Fig.: With reference to April being the month in which vegetation begins to put forth, the variableness of its weather, etc. The April's her eyes; it is love's spring. Shak. April fool, one who is sportively imposed upon by others on the first day of April.

A PRIORI A` pri*o"ri. Etym: [L. a (ab) + prior former.]

1. (Logic)

Defn: Characterizing that kind of reasoning which deduces consequences from definitions formed, or principles assumed, or which infers effects from causes previously known; deductive or deductively. The reverse of a posteriori.

3. (Philos.)

Defn: Applied to knowledge and conceptions assumed, or presupposed, as prior to experience, in order to make experience rational or possible. A priori, that is, form these necessities of the mind or forms of thinking, which, though first revealed to us by experience, must yet have preëxisted in order to make experience possible. Coleridge.

APRIORISM A`pri*o"rism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. apriorisme.]

Defn: An a priori principle.

APRIORITY A`pri*or"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being innate in the mind, or prior to experience; a priori reasoning.

APROCTA A*proc"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Turbellaria in which there is no anal aperture.

APROCTOUS A*proc"tous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Without an anal office.

APRON A"pron, n. Etym: [OE. napron, OF. naperon, F. napperon, dim. of OF. nape, F. nappe, cloth, tablecloth, LL. napa, fr. L. mappa, napkin, table napkin. See Map.]

1. An article of dress, of cloth, leather, or other stuff, worn on the fore part of the body, to keep the clothes clean, to defend them from injury, or as a covering. It is commonly tied at the waist by strings.

2. Something which by its shape or use suggests an apron; as, (a) The fat skin covering the belly of a goose or duck. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. (b) A piece of leather, or other material, to be spread before a person riding on an outside seat of a vehicle, to defend him from the rain, snow, or dust; a boot. "The weather being too hot for the apron." Hughes. (c) (Gun.) A leaden plate that covers the vent of a cannon. (d) (Shipbuilding) A piece of carved timber, just above the foremost end of the keel. Totten. (e) A platform, or flooring of plank, at the entrance of a dock, against which the dock gates are shut. (f) A flooring of plank before a dam to cause the water to make a gradual descent. (g) (Mech.) The piece that holds the cutting tool of a planer. (h) (Plumbing) A strip of lead which leads the drip of a wall into a gutter; a flashing. (i) (Zoöl.) The infolded abdomen of a crab.

APRONED A"proned, a.

Defn: Wearing an apron. A cobbler aproned, and a parson gowned. Pope.

APRONFUL A"pron*ful, n.; pl. Apronfuls.

Defn: The quality an apron can hold.

APRONLESS A"pron*less, a.

Defn: Without an apron.

APRON MAN A"pron man`.

Defn: A man who wears an apron; a laboring man; a mechanic. [Obs.] Shak.

APRON STRING A"pron string`.

Defn: The string of an apron. To be tied to a wife's or mother's apron strings, to be unduly controlled by a wife or mother. He was so made that he could not submit to be tied to the apron strings even of the best of wives. Macaulay.

APROPOS Ap"ro*pos`, a. & adv. Etym: [F. ad) + propos purpose, L. proposium plan, purpose, fr. proponere to propose. See Propound.]

1. Opportunely or opportune; seasonably or seasonable. A tale extremely apropos. Pope.

2. By the way; to the purpose; suitably to the place or subject; -- a word used to introduce an incidental observation, suited to the occasion, though not strictly belonging to the narration.

APSE Apse, n.; pl. Apses. [See Apsis.]

1. (Arch.) (a) A projecting part of a building, esp. of a church, having in the plan a polygonal or semicircular termination, and, most often, projecting from the east end. In early churches the Eastern apse was occupied by seats for the bishop and clergy. Hence: (b) The bishop's seat or throne, in ancient churches.

2. A reliquary, or case in which the relics of saints were kept.

Note: This word is also written apsis and absis.

APSIDAL Ap"si*dal, a.

1. (Astron.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the apsides of an orbit.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the apse of a church; as, the apsidal termination of the chancel.

APSIDES Ap"si*des, n. pl.

Defn: See Apsis.

APSIS Ap"sis, n.; pl. Apsides. See Apse. Etym: [L. apsis, absis, Gr.

1. (Astron.)

Defn: One of the two points of an orbit, as of a planet or satellite, which are at the greatest and least distance from the central body, corresponding to the aphelion and perihelion of a planet, or to the apogee and perigee of the moon. The more distant is called the higher apsis; the other, the lower apsis; and the line joining them, the line of apsides.

2. (Math.)

Defn: In a curve referred to polar coördinates, any point for which the radius vector is a maximum or minimum.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Apse.

APT Apt, a Etym: [F. apte, L. aptus, fr. obsolete apere to fasten, to join, to fit, akin to apisci to reach, attain: cf. Gr. apta fit, fr. ap to reach attain.]

1. Fit or fitted; suited; suitable; appropriate. They have always apt instruments. Burke. A river . . . apt to be forded by a lamb. Jer. Taylor.

2. Having an habitual tendency; habitually liable or likely; -- used of things. My vines and peaches . . . were apt to have a soot or smuttiness upon their leaves and fruit. Temple. This tree, if unprotected, is apt to be stripped of the leaves by a leaf-cutting ant. Lubbock.

3. Inclined; disposed customarily; given; ready; -- used of persons. Apter to give than thou wit be to ask. Beau. & Fl. That lofty pity with which prosperous folk are apt to remember their grandfathers. F. Harrison.

4. Ready; especially fitted or qualified (to do something); quick to learn; prompt; expert; as, a pupil apt to learn; an apt scholar. "An apt wit." Johnson. Live a thousand years, I shall not find myself so apt to die. Shak. I find thee apt . . . Now, Hamlet, hear. Shak.

Syn. -- Fit; meet; suitable; qualified; inclined; disposed; liable; ready; quick; prompt.

APT Apt, v. t. Etym: [L. aptare. See Aptate.]

Defn: To fit; to suit; to adapt. [Obs.] " To apt their places." B. Jonson. That our speech be apted to edification. Jer. Taylor.

APTABLE Apt"a*ble, a. Etym: [LL. aptabilis, fr. L. aptare.]

Defn: Capable of being adapted. [Obs.] Sherwood.

APTATE Ap"tate, v. t. Etym: [L. aptatus, p. p. of aptare. See Apt.]

Defn: To make fit. [Obs.] Bailey

APTERA Ap"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. aptera, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Insects without wings, constituting the seventh Linnæn order of insects, an artificial group, which included Crustacea, spiders, centipeds, and even worms. These animals are now placed in several distinct classes and orders.

APTERAL Ap"ter*al, a.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Apterous.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: Without lateral columns; -- applied to buildings which have no series of columns along their sides, but are either prostyle or amphiprostyle, and opposed to peripteral. R. Cyc.

APTERAN Ap"ter*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Aptera.

APTERIA Ap*te"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Aptera.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Naked spaces between the feathered areas of birds. See Pteryliæ.

APTEROUS Ap"ter*ous, a.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Destitute of wings; apteral; as, apterous insects.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Destitute of winglike membranous expansions, as a stem or petiole; -- opposed to atate.

APTERYGES Ap*ter"y*ges, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Apteryx.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of birds, including the genus Apteryx.

APTERYX Ap"te*ryx, n. Etym: [Gr. Aptera.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of New Zealand birds about the size of a hen, with only short rudiments of wings, armed with a claw and without a tail; the kiwi. It is allied to the gigantic extinct moas of the same country. Five species are known.

APTITUDE Apt"i*tude, n. Etym: [F. aptitude, LL. aptitudo, fr. L. aptus. See Apt, and cf. Attitude.]

1. A natural or acquired disposition or capacity for a particular purpose, or tendency to a particular action or effect; as, oil has an aptitude to burn. He seems to have had a peculiar aptitude for the management of irregular troops. Macaulay.

2. A general fitness or suitableness; adaptation. That sociable and helpful aptitude which God implanted between man and woman. Milton.

3. Readiness in learning; docility; aptness. He was a boy of remarkable aptitude. Macaulay.

APTITUDINAL Apt`i*tu"di*nal, a.

Defn: Suitable; fit. [Obs.]

APTLY Apt"ly, adv.

Defn: In an apt or suitable manner; fitly; properly; pertinently; appropriately; readily.

APTNESS Apt"ness, n.

1. Fitness; suitableness; appropriateness; as, the aptness of things to their end. The aptness of his quotations. J. R. Green.

2. Disposition of the mind; propensity; as, the aptness of men to follow example.

3. Quickness of apprehension; readiness in learning; docility; as, an aptness to learn is more observable in some children than in others.

4. Proneness; tendency; as, the aptness of iron to rust.

APTOTE Ap"tote, n. Etym: [L. aptotum, Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: A noun which has no distinction of cases; an indeclinable noun.

APTOTIC Ap*tot"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, aptotes; uninflected; as, aptotic languages.

APTYCHUS Ap"ty*chus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A shelly plate found in the terminal chambers of ammonite shells. Some authors consider them to be jaws; others, opercula.

APUS A"pus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Apode, n.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fresh-water phyllopod crustaceans. See Phyllopod.

APYRETIC Ap`y*ret"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. a not + pyretic.] (Med.)

Defn: Without fever; -- applied to days when there is an intermission of fever. Dunglison.

APYREXIA; APYREXY Ap`y*rex"i*a, Ap`y*rex`y, n. Etym: [NL. apyrexia, fr. Gr. apyrexie.] (Med.)

Defn: The absence or intermission of fever.

APYREXIAL Ap`y*rex"i*al, a. (Med.)

Defn: Relating to apyrexy. "Apyrexial period." Brande & C.

APYROUS Ap"y*rous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Incombustible; capable of sustaining a strong heat without alteration of form or properties.

AQUA A"qua, n. Etym: [L. See Ewer.]

Defn: Water; -- a word much used in pharmacy and the old chemistry, in various signification, determined by the word or words annexed. Aqua ammoniæ, the aqueous solution of ammonia; liquid ammonia; often called aqua ammonia. -- Aqua marine, or Aqua marina. Same as Aquamarine. -- Aqua regia. Etym: [L., royal water] (Chem.), a very corrosive fuming yellow liquid consisting of nitric and hydrochloric acids. It has the power of dissolving gold, the "royal" metal. -- Aqua Tofana, a fluid containing arsenic, and used for secret poisoning, made by an Italian woman named Tofana, in the middle of the 17th century, who is said to have poisoned more than 600 persons. Francis. -- Aqua vitæ Etym: [L., water of life. Cf. Eau de vie, Usquebaugh], a name given to brandy and some other ardent spirits. Shak.

AQUA FORTIS A`qua for"tis. Etym: [L., strong water.] (Chem.)

Defn: Nitric acid. [Archaic]

AQUAMARINE A`qua*ma*rine", n. (Min.)

Defn: A transparent, pale green variety of beryl, used as a gem. See Beryl.

AQUAPUNCTURE A`qua*punc"ture, n. Etym: [L. aqua water, + punctura puncture, pungere, punctum, to, prick.] (Med.)

Defn: The introduction of water subcutaneously for the relief of pain.

AQUARELLE Aq`ua*relle", n. Etym: [F., fr. Ital acquerello, fr. acqua water, L. aqua.]

Defn: A design or painting in thin transparent water colors; also, the mode of painting in such colors.

AQUARELLIST Aq`ua*rel"list, n.

Defn: A painter in thin transparent water colors.

AQUARIAL; AQUARIAN A*qua"ri*al, A*qua"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an aquarium.

AQUARIAN A*qua"ri*an, n. Etym: [L. (assumed) Aquarianus, fr. aqua: cf. F. Aquarien. See Aqua.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect of Christian in the primitive church who used water instead of wine in the Lord's Supper.

AQUARIUM A*qua"ri*um, n.; pl. E. Aquariums, L. Aquaria. Etym: [L. See Aquarius, Ewer.]

Defn: An artificial pond, or a globe or tank (usually with glass sides), in which living specimens of aquatic animals or plants are kept.

AQUARIUS A*qua"ri*us, n. Etym: [L. aquarius, adj., relating to water, and n., a water-carrier, fr. aqua. See Aqua.] (Astron.) (a) The Water-bearer; the eleventh sign in the zodiac, which the sun enters about the 20th of January; -- so called from the rains which prevail at that season in Italy and the East. (b) A constellation south of Pegasus.

AQUATIC A*quat"ic, a. Etym: [L. aquaticus: cf. F. aquatique. See Aqua.]

Defn: Pertaining to water growing in water; living in, swimming in, or frequenting the margins of waters; as, aquatic plants and fowls.

AQUATIC A*quat`ic, n.

1. An aquatic animal or plant.

2. pl.

Defn: Sports or exercises practiced in or on the water.

AQUATICAL A*quat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Aquatic. [R.]

AQUATILE Aq"ua*tile, a. Etym: [L. aquatilis: cf. F. aquatile.]

Defn: Inhabiting the water. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

AQUATINT; AQUATINTA A"qua*tint, A`qua*tin"ta, n. Etym: [It. acquatinta dyed water; acqua (L. aqua) water + tinto, fem. tinta, dyed. See Tint.]

Defn: A kind of etching in which spaces are bitten by the use of aqua fortis, by which an effect is produced resembling a drawing in water colors or India ink; also, the engraving produced by this method.

AQUEDUCT Aq"ue*duct, n. Etym: [F. aqueduc, OF. aqueduct (Cotgr.), fr. L. aquaeductus; aquae, gen. of aqua water + ductus a leading, ducere to lead. See Aqua, Duke.]

1. A conductor, conduit, or artificial channel for conveying water, especially one for supplying large cities with water.

Note: The term is also applied to a structure (similar to the ancient aqueducts), for conveying a canal over a river or hollow; more properly called an aqueduct bridge.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A canal or passage; as, the aqueduct of Sylvius, a channel connecting the third and fourth ventricles of the brain.

AQUEITY A*que"i*ty, n.

Defn: Wateriness. [Obs.]

AQUEOUS A"que*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. aqueux, L. aquosus, fr. aqua. See Aqua, Aquose.]

1. Partaking of the nature of water, or abounding with it; watery. The aqueous vapor of the air. Tyndall.

2. Made from, or by means of, water. An aqueous deposit. Dana. Aqueous extract, an extract obtained from a vegetable substance by steeping it in water. -- Aqueous humor (Anat.), one the humors of the eye; a limpid fluid, occupying the space between the crystalline lens and the cornea. (See Eye.) -- Aqueous rocks (Geol.), those which are deposited from water and lie in strata, as opposed to volcanic rocks, which are of igneous origin; -- called also sedimentary rocks.

AQUEOUSNESS A`que*ous*ness, n.

Defn: Wateriness.

AQUIFEROUS A*quif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. aqua water + -ferous.]

Defn: Consisting or conveying water or a watery fluid; as, aquiferous vessels; the aquiferous system.

AQUIFORM A"qui*form, a. Etym: [L. aqua water + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of water.

AQUILA Aq"ui*la, n; pl. Aquilæ. Etym: [L., an eagle.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of eagles.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A northern constellation southerly from Lyra and Cygnus and preceding the Dolphin; the Eagle. Aquila alba Etym: [L., white eagle], an alchemical name of calomel. Brande & C.

AQUILATED Aq"ui*la`ted, a. (Her.)

Defn: Adorned with eagles' heads.

AQUILINE Aq"ui*line, a. Etym: [L. aquilinus, fr. aquila eagle: cf. F. aquilin. See Eagle. ]

1. Belonging to or like an eagle.

2. Curving; hooked; prominent, like the beak of an eagle; -- applied particularly to the nose Terribly arched and aquiline his nose. Cowper.

AQUILON Aq"ui*lon, n. Etym: [L. aquilo, -lonis: cf. F. aquilon.]

Defn: The north wind. [Obs.] Shak.

AQUIPAROUS A*quip"a*rous, a. Etym: [L. aqua water + parere to bring forth.] (Med.)

Defn: Secreting water; -- applied to certain glands. Dunglison.

AQUITANIAN Aq`ui*ta"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Aquitania, now called Gascony.

AQUOSE A*quose", a. Etym: [L. aquosus watery, fr. aqua. See Aqua, Aqueous.]

Defn: Watery; aqueous. [R.] Bailey.

AQUOSITY A*quos"i*ty, n. Etym: [LL. aquositas.]

Defn: The condition of being wet or watery; wateriness. Huxley. Very little water or aquosity is found in their belly. Holland.

AR Ar, conj.

Defn: Ere; before. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ARA A"ra, n. Etym: [L.] (Astron.)

Defn: The Altar; a southern constellation, south of the tail of the Scorpion.

ARA A"ra, n. Etym: [Native Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A name of the great blue and yellow macaw (Ara ararauna), native of South America.

ARAB Ar"ab, n. Etym: [Prob. ultimately fr. Heb. arabah a desert, the name employed, in the Old Testament, to denote the valley of the Jordan and Dead Sea. Ar. Arab, Heb. arabi, arbi, arbim: cf. F. Arabe, L. Arabs, Gr.

Defn: One of a swarthy race occupying Arabia, and numerous in Syria, Northern Africa, etc. Street Arab, a homeless vagabond in the streets of a city, particularly and outcast boy or girl. Tylor. The ragged outcasts and street Arabs who are shivering in damp doorways. Lond. Sat. Rev.

ARABA A*ra"ba, n. [Written also aroba and arba.] [Ar. or Turk. 'arabah: cf. Russ. arba.]

Defn: A wagon or cart, usually heavy and without springs, and often covered. [Oriental]

The araba of the Turks has its sides of latticework to admit the air Balfour (Cyc. of India).

ARABESQUE Ar`a*besque", n. Etym: [F. arabesque, fr. It. arabesco, fr. Arabo Arab.]

Defn: A style of ornamentation either painted, inlaid, or carved in low relief. It consists of a pattern in which plants, fruits, foliage, etc., as well as figures of men and animals, real or imaginary, are fantastically interlaced or put together.

Note: It was employed in Roman imperial ornamentation, and appeared, without the animal figures, in Moorish and Arabic decorative art. (See Moresque.) The arabesques of the Renaissance were founded on Greco-Roman work.

ARABESQUE Ar`a*besque", a.

1. Arabian. [Obs.]

2. Relating to, or exhibiting, the style of ornament called arabesque; as, arabesque frescoes.

ARABESQUED Ar`a*besqued", a.

Defn: Ornamented in the style of arabesques.

ARABIAN A*ra"bi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Arabia or its inhabitants. Arabian bird, the phenix. Shak.

ARABIAN A*ra"bi*an, n.

Defn: A native of Arabia; an Arab.

ARABIC Ar"a*bic, a. Etym: [L. Arabicus, fr. Arabia.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Arabia or the Arabians. Arabic numerals or figures, the nine digits, 1, 2, 3, etc., and the cipher 0. -- Gum arabic. See under Gum.

ARABIC Ar"a*bic, n.

Defn: The language of the Arabians.

Note: The Arabic is a Semitic language, allied to the Hebrew. It is very widely diffused, being the language in which all Mohammedans must read the Koran, and is spoken as a vernacular tongue in Arabia, Syria, and Northern Africa.

ARABICAL A*rab"ic*al, a.

Defn: Relating to Arabia; Arabic. -- A*rab"ic*al*ly, adv.

ARABIN Ar"a*bin, n.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A carbohydrate, isomeric with cane sugar, contained in gum arabic, from which it is extracted as a white, amorphous substance.

2. Mucilage, especially that made of gum arabic.

ARABINOSE Ar"a*bin*ose`, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A sugar of the composition C5H10O5, obtained from cherry gum by boiling it with dilute sulphuric acid.

ARABISM Ar"a*bism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. Arabisme.]

Defn: An Arabic idiom peculiarly of language. Stuart.

ARABIST Ar`a*bist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. Arabiste.]

Defn: One well versed in the Arabic language or literature; also, formerly, one who followed the Arabic system of surgery.

ARABLE Ar"a*ble, a. Etym: [F. arable, L. arabilis, fr. arare to plow, akin to Gr. ear, to plow. See Earable.]

Defn: Fit for plowing or tillage; -- hence, often applied to land which has been plowed or tilled.

ARABLE Ar"a*ble, n.

Defn: Arable land; plow land.

ARABY Ar"a*by, n.

Defn: The country of Arabia. [Archaic & Poetic]

ARACANESE Ar`a*ca*nese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Aracan, a province of British Burmah. -- n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or natives of Aracan.

ARACARI A`ra*, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American bird, of the genus Pleroglossius, allied to the toucans. There are several species.

ARACE A*race", v. t. Etym: [OE. aracen, arasen, OF. arachier, esracier, F. arracher, fr. L. exradicare, eradicare. The prefix a- is perh. due to L. ab. See Eradicate.]

Defn: To tear up by the roots; to draw away. [Obs.] Wyatt.

ARACEOUS A*ra"ceous, a. Etym: [L. arum a genus of plants, fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an order of plants, of which the genus Arum is the type.

ARACHNID A*rach"nid, n.

Defn: An arachnidan. Huxley.

ARACHNIDA A*rach"ni*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the classes of Arthropoda. See Illustration in Appendix.

Note: They have four pairs of legs, no antennæ nor wings, a pair of mandibles, and one pair of maxillæ or palpi. The head is usually consolidated with the thorax. The respiration is either by trancheæ or by pulmonary sacs, or by both. The class includes three principal orders: Araneina, or spiders; Arthrogastra, including scorpions, etc.; and Acarina, or mites and ticks.

ARACHNIDAN A*rach"ni*dan, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Arachnida.

ARACHNIDIAL Ar`ach*nid"i*al, a. (Zoöl.) (a) Of or pertaining to the Arachnida. (b) Pertaining to the arachnidium.

ARACHNIDIUM Ar`ach*nid"i*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Arachnida.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The glandular organ in which the material for the web of spiders is secreted.

ARACHNITIS Ar`ach*ni"tis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the arachnoid membrane.

ARACHNOID A*rach"noid, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Resembling a spider's web; cobweblike.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to a thin membrane of the brain and spinal cord, between the dura mater and pia mater.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Covered with, or composed of, soft, loose hairs or fibers, so as to resemble a cobweb; cobwebby.

ARACHNOID A*rach"noid, n.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The arachnoid membrane.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Arachnoidea.

ARACHNOIDAL Ar`ach*noid"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the arachnoid membrane; arachnoid.

ARACHNOIDEA Ar`ach*noid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Arachnida.

ARACHNOLOGICAL A*rach`no*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to arachnology.

ARACHNOLOGIST Ar`ach*nol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in, or studies, arachnology.

ARACHNOLOGY Ar`ach*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The department of zoölogy which treats of spiders and other Arachnida.

ARAEOMETER A`ræ*om"e*ter.

Defn: See Areometer.

ARAEOSTYLE A*ræ"o*style, a. & n. Etym: [L. araeostylos, Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: See Intercolumniation.

ARAEOSYSTYLE A*ræ`o*sys"tyle, a. & n. Etym: [Gr. Systyle.] (Arch.)

Defn: See Intercolumniation.

ARAGONESE Ar`a*go*nese, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Aragon, in Spain, or to its inhabitants. -- n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or natives of Aragon, in Spain.

ARAGONITE A*rag"o*nite, n. Etym: [From Aragon, in Spain.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral identical in composition with calcite or carbonate of lime, but differing from it in its crystalline form and some of its physical characters.

ARAGUATO A`ra*gua"to, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American monkey, the ursine howler (Mycetes ursinus). See Howler, n., 2.

ARAISE A*raise"", v. t.

Defn: To raise. [Obs.] Shak.

ARAK Ar"ak, n.

Defn: Same as Arrack.

ARAMAEAN; ARAMEAN Ar`a*mæan, Ar`a*me"an, a. Etym: [L. Aramaeus, Gr. Aram, i. e. Highland, a name given to Syria and Mesopotamia.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Syrians and Chaldeans, or to their language; Aramaic. -- n.

Defn: A native of Aram.

ARAMAIC Ar`a*ma"ic, a. Etym: [See Aramæan, a.]

Defn: Pertaining to Aram, or to the territory, inhabitants, language, or literature of Syria and Mesopotamia; Aramæan; -- specifically applied to the northern branch of the Semitic family of languages, including Syriac and Chaldee. -- n.

Defn: The Aramaic language.

ARAMAISM Ar`a*ma"ism, n.

Defn: An idiom of the Aramaic.

ARANEIDA; ARANEOIDEA Ar`a*ne"i*da, Ar`a*ne*oid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Araneina.

ARANEIDAN Ar`a*ne"i*dan, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Araneina or spiders. -- n.

Defn: One of the Araneina; a spider.

ARANEIFORM Ar`a*ne"i*form a. Etym: [L. aranea spider + -form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the form of a spider. Kirby.

ARANEINA A*ra`ne*i"na, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. aranea spider.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The order of Arachnida that includes the spiders.

Note: They have mandibles, modified a poison faIllustration in Appendix.

ARANEOSE A*ra"ne*ose`, a. Etym: [L. araneous.]

Defn: Of the aspect of a spider's web; arachnoid.

ARANEOUS A*ra"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. araneosus, fr. aranea spider, spider's web.]

Defn: Cobweblike; extremely thin and delicate, like a cobweb; as, the araneous membrane of the eye. See Arachnoid. Derham.

ARANGO A*ran"go, n.; pl. Arangoes. Etym: [The native name.]

Defn: A bead of rough carnelian. Arangoes were formerly imported from Bombay for use in the African slave trade. McCulloch.

ARAPAIMA A`ra*pai"ma, n. Etym: [Prob. native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large fresh-water food fish of South America.

ARARA A*ra"ra, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The palm (or great black) cockatoo, of Australia (Microglossus aterrimus).

ARAROBA Ar`a*ro"ba, n. [Tupi.]

1. Goa powder.

2. A fabaceous tree of Brazil (Centrolobium robustum) having handsomely striped wood; --called also zebrawood.

ARATION A*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. aratio, fr. arare to plow.]

Defn: Plowing; tillage. [R.] Lands are said to be in a state of aration when they are under tillage. Brande.

ARATORY Ar"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [LL. aratorius: cf. F. aratoire.]

Defn: Contributing to tillage.

ARAUCARIA Ar`au*ca"ri*a, n. Etym: [Araucania, a territory south of Chili.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of tall conifers of the pine family. The species are confined mostly to South America and Australia. The wood cells differ from those of other in having the dots in their lateral surfaces in two or three rows, and the dots of contiguous rows alternating. The seeds are edible.

ARAUCARIAN Ar`au*ca"ri*an, a.

Defn: Relating to, or of the nature of, the Araucaria. The earliest conifers in geological history were mostly Araucarian. Dana.

ARBALEST; ARBALIST Ar"ba*lest, Ar"ba*list, n. Etym: [OF. arbaleste, LL. arbalista, for L. arcuballista; arcus bow + ballista a military engine. See Ballista.] (Antiq.)

Defn: A crossbow, consisting of a steel bow set in a shaft of wood, furnished with a string and a trigger, and a mechanical device for bending the bow. It served to throw arrows, darts, bullets, etc. [Written also arbalet and arblast.] Fosbroke.

ARBALESTER; ARBALISTER Ar"ba*lest`er, Ar"ba*list`er, n. Etym: [OF. arblastere, OF. arbalestier. See Arbalest.]

Defn: A crossbowman. [Obs.] Speed.

ARBITER Ar"bi*ter, n. Etym: [L. arbiter; ar- (for ad) + the root of betere to go; hence properly, one who comes up to look on.]

1. A person appointed, or chosen, by parties to determine a controversy between them.

Note: In modern usage, arbitrator is the technical word.

2. Any person who has the power of judging and determining, or ordaining, without control; one whose power of deciding and governing is not limited. For Jove is arbiter of both to man. Cowper.

Syn. -- Arbitrator; umpire; director; referee; controller; ruler; governor.

ARBITER Ar"bi*ter, v. t.

Defn: To act as arbiter between. [Obs.]

ARBITRABLE Ar"bi*tra*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. arbitrable, fr. L. arbitrari. See Arbitrate, v. t.]

Defn: Capable of being decided by arbitration; determinable. [Archaic] Bp. Hall.

ARBITRAGE Ar"bi*trage, n. Etym: [F., fr. arbiter to give judgment, L. arbitrari.]

1. Judgment by an arbiter; authoritative determination. [Archaic]

2. (Com)

Defn: A traffic in bills of exchange (see Arbitration of Exchange); also, a traffic in stocks which bear differing values at the same time in different markets.

ARBITRAL Ar"bi*tral, a. Etym: [L. arbitralis.]

Defn: Of or relating to an arbiter or an arbitration. [R.]

ARBITRAMENT Ar*bit"ra*ment, n. Etym: [LL. arbitramentum.]

1. Determination; decision; arbitration. The arbitrament of time. Everett. Gladly at this moment would MacIvor have put their quarrel to personal arbitrament. Sir W. Scott.

2. The award of arbitrators. Cowell.

ARBITRARILY Ar"bi*tra*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In an arbitrary manner; by will only; despotically; absolutely.

ARBITRARINESS Ar"bi*tra*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being arbitrary; despoticalness; tyranny. Bp. Hall.

ARBITRARIOUS Ar`bi*tra"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. arbitrarius. See Arbitrary.]

Defn: Arbitrary; despotic. [Obs.] -- Ar`bi*tra"*ri*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.]

ARBITRARY Ar"bi*tra*ry, a. Etym: [L. arbitrarius, fr. arbiter: cf. F. arbitraire. See Arbiter.]

1. Depending on will or discretion; not governed by any fixed rules; as, an arbitrary decision; an arbitrary punishment. It was wholly arbitrary in them to do so. Jer. Taylor. Rank pretends to fix the value of every one, and is the most arbitrary of all things. Landor.

2. Exercised according to one's own will or caprice, and therefore conveying a notion of a tendency to abuse the possession of power. Arbitrary power is most easily established on the ruins of liberty abused licentiousness. Washington.

3. Despotic; absolute in power; bound by no law; harsh and unforbearing; tyrannical; as, an arbitrary prince or government. Dryden. Arbitrary constant, Arbitrary function (Math.), a quantity of function that is introduced into the solution of a problem, and to which any value or form may at will be given, so that the solution may be made to meet special requirements. -- Arbitrary quantity (Math.), one to which any value can be assigned at pleasure.

ARBITRATE Ar"bi*trate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arbitrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Arbitrating.] Etym: [L. arbitratus, p. p. of arbitrari to be a hearer or beholder of something, to make a decision, to give judgment, fr. arbiter. See Arbiter.]

1. To hear and decide, as arbitrators; as, to choose to arbitrate a disputed case.

2. To decide, or determine generally. South. There shall your swords and lances arbitrate The swelling difference of your settled hate. Shak.

ARBITRATE Ar"bi*trate, v. i.

1. To decide; to determine. Shak.

2. To act as arbitrator or judge; as, to arbitrate upon several reports;; to arbitrate in disputes among heighbors; to arbitrate between parties to a suit.

ARBITRATION Ar`bi*tra"tion, n. Etym: [F. arbitration, L. arbitratio, fr. arbitrari.]

Defn: The hearing and determination of a cause between parties in controversy, by a person or persons chosen by the parties.

Note: This may be done by one person; but it is usual to choose two or three called arbitrators; or for each party to choose one, and these to name a third, who is called the umpire. Their determination is called the award. Bouvier Arbitration bond, a bond which obliges one to abide by the award of an arbitration. -- Arbitration of Exchange, the operation of converting the currency of one country into that of another, or determining the rate of exchange between such countries or currencies. An arbitrated rate is one determined by such arbitration through the medium of one or more intervening currencies.

ARBITRATOR Ar"bi*tra`tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. arbitrari: cf. F. arbitrateur.]

1. A person, or one of two or more persons, chosen by parties who have a controversy, to determine their differences. See Arbitration.

2. One who has the power of deciding or prescribing without control; a ruler; a governor. Though Heaven be shut, And Heaven's high Arbitrators sit secure. Milton. Masters of their own terms and arbitrators of a peace. Addison.

Syn. -- Judge; umpire; referee; arbiter. See Judge.

ARBITRATRIX Ar"bi*tra`trix, n. Etym: [L., fem. of arbitrator.]

Defn: A female who arbitrates or judges.

ARBITRESS Ar"bi*tress, n. Etym: [From Arbiter.]

Defn: A female arbiter; an arbitratrix. Milton.

ARBLAST Ar"blast, n.

Defn: A crossbow. See Arbalest.

ARBOR Ar"bor, n. Etym: [OE. herber, herbere, properly a garden of herbs, F. herbier, fr. L. herbarium. See Herb, and cf. Herbarium.]

Defn: A kind of latticework formed of, or covered with, vines, branches of trees, or other plants, for shade; a bower. Sir P. Sidney.

ARBOR Ar"bor, n. [Written also arbour.] Etym: [L., a tree, a beam.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A tree, as distinguished from a shrub.

2. Etym: [Cf. F. arbre.] (Mech.) (a) An axle or spindle of a wheel or opinion. (b) A mandrel in lathe turning. Knight. Arbor Day, a day appointed for planting trees and shrubs. [U.S.]

ARBORARY Ar"bo*ra*ry, a. Etym: [L. arborarius, fr. arbor tree.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to trees; arboreal.

ARBORATOR Ar"bo*ra`tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. arbor tree.]

Defn: One who plants or who prunes trees. [Obs.] Evelyn.

ARBOR DIANAE Ar"bor Di*a"næ. Etym: [L., the tree of Diana, or silver.] (Chem.)

Defn: A precipitation of silver, in a beautiful arborescent form.

ARBOREAL Ar*bo"re*al, a.

1. Of or pertaining to a tree, or to trees; of nature of trees. Cowley.

2. Attached to, found in or upon, or frequenting, woods or trees; as, arboreal animals. Woodpeckers are eminently arboreal. Darwin.

ARBORED Ar"bored, a.

Defn: Furnished with an arbor; lined with trees. "An arboreal walk." Pollok.

ARBOREOUS Ar*bo"re*ous, a. Etym: [L. arboreous, fr. arbor tree.]

1. Having the form, constitution, or habits, of a proper tree, in distinction from a shrub. Loudon.

2. Pertaining to, or growing on, trees; as, arboreous moss. Quincy.

ARBORESCENCE Ar`bo*res"cence, n.

Defn: The state of being arborescent; the resemblance to a tree in minerals, or crystallizations, or groups of crystals in that form; as, the arborescence produced by precipitating silver.

ARBORESCENT Ar`bo*res"cent, a. Etym: [L. arborescens, p. pr. of arborescere to become a tree, fr. arbor tree.]

Defn: Resembling a tree; becoming woody in stalk; dendritic; having crystallizations disposed like the branches and twigs of a tree. "Arborescent hollyhocks." Evelyn.

ARBORET Ar"bo*ret, n. Etym: [OF. arboret, dim. of arbre tree, L. arbor]

Defn: A small tree or shrub. [Obs.] Spenser. Among thick-woven arborets, and flowers Imbordered on each bank. Milton.

ARBORETUM Ar`bo*re"tum, n.; pl. Arboreta. Etym: [L., a place grown with trees.]

Defn: A place in which a collection of rare trees and shrubs is cultivated for scientific or educational purposes.

ARBORICAL Ar*bor"ic*al, a.

Defn: Relating to trees. [Obs.]

ARBORICOLE Ar*bor"i*cole, a. Etym: [L. arbor + colere to inhabit.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Tree-inhabiting; -- said of certain birds.

ARBORICULTURAL Ar`bor*i*cul"tur*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to arboriculture. Loudon.

ARBORICULTURE Ar`bor*i*cul"ture, n. Etym: [L. arbor tree + cultura. See Culture.]

Defn: The cultivation of trees and shrubs, chiefly for timber or for ornamental purposes.

ARBORICULTURIST Ar`bor*i*cul"tur*ist, n.

Defn: One who cultivates trees.

ARBORIFORM Ar*bor"i*form, a.

Defn: Treelike in shape.

ARBORIST Ar"bor*ist, n. Etym: [F. arboriste, fr. L. arbor tree.]

Defn: One who makes trees his study, or who is versed in the knowledge of trees. Howell.

ARBORIZATION Ar`bor*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. arborisation, fr. L. arbor tree.]

Defn: The appearance or figure of a tree or plant, as in minerals or fossils; a dendrite.

ARBORIZED Ar"bor*ized, a.

Defn: Having a treelike appearance. "An arborized or moss agate." Wright.

ARBOROUS Ar"bor*ous, a.

Defn: Formed by trees. [Obs.] From under shady, arborous roof. Milton.

ARBOR VINE Ar"bor vine`.

Defn: A species of bindweed.

ARBOR VITAE Ar"bor vi"tæ. Etym: [L., tree of life.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An evergreen tree of the cypress tribe, genus Thuja. The American species is the T. occidentalis.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The treelike disposition of the gray and white nerve tissues in the cerebellum, as seen in a vertical section.

ARBUSCLE Ar"bus*cle, n. Etym: [L. arbuscula small tree, shrub, dim. of arbor tree.]

Defn: A dwarf tree, one in size between a shrub and a tree; a treelike shrub. Bradley.

ARBUSCULAR Ar*bus"cu*lar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a dwarf tree; shrublike. Da Costa.

ARBUSTIVE Ar*bus"tive, a. Etym: [L. arbustivus, fr. arbustum place where trees are planted.]

Defn: Containing copses of trees or shrubs; covered with shrubs. Bartram.

ARBUTUS; ARBUTE Ar"bu*tus, Ar"bute, n. Etym: [L. arbutus, akin to arbor tree.]

Defn: The strawberry tree, a genus of evergreen shrubs, of the Heath family. It has a berry externally resembling the strawberry; the arbute tree. Trailing arbutus (Bot.), a creeping or trailing plant of the Heath family (Epigæa repens), having white or usually rose- colored flowers with a delicate fragrance, growing in small axillary clusters, and appearing early in the spring; in New England known as mayflower; -- called also ground laurel. Gray.

ARC Arc, n. Etym: [F. arc, L. arcus bow, arc. See Arch, n.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: A portion of a curved line; as, the arc of a circle or of an ellipse.

2. A curvature in the shape of a circular arc or an arch; as, the colored arc (the rainbow); the arc of Hadley's quadrant.

3. An arch. [Obs.] Statues and trophies, and triumphal arcs. Milton.

4. The apparent arc described, above or below the horizon, by the sun or other celestial body. The diurnal arc is described during the daytime, the nocturnal arc during the night. Electric arc, Voltaic arc. See under Voltaic.

ARCADE Ar*cade", n. Etym: [F. arcade, Sp. arcada, LL. arcata, fr. L. arcus bow, arch.]

1. (Arch.) (a) A series of arches with the columns or piers which support them, the spandrels above, and other necessary appurtenances; sometimes open, serving as an entrance or to give light; sometimes closed at the back (as in the cut) and forming a decorative feature. (b) A long, arched building or gallery.

2. An arched or covered passageway or avenue.

ARCADED Ar*cad"ed, a.

Defn: Furnished with an arcade.

ARCADIA Ar*ca"di*a, n. Etym: [L. Arcadia, Gr.

1. A mountainous and picturesque district of Greece, in the heart of the Peloponnesus, whose people were distinguished for contentment and rural happiness.

2. Fig.: Any region or scene of simple pleasure and untroubled quiet. Where the cow is, there is Arcadia. J. Burroughs.

ARCADIAN; ARCADIC Ar*ca"di*an, Ar*ca"dic, a. Etym: [L. Arcadius, Arcadicus, fr. Arcadia: cf. F. Arcadien, Arcadique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Arcadia; pastoral; ideally rural; as, Arcadian simplicity or scenery.

ARCANE Ar*cane", a. Etym: [L. arcanus.]

Defn: Hidden; secret. [Obs.] "The arcane part of divine wisdom." Berkeley.

ARCANUM Ar*ca"num, n.; pl. Arcana. Etym: [L., fr. arcanus closed, secret, fr. arca chest, box, fr. arcere to inclose. See Ark.]

1. A secret; a mystery; -- generally used in the plural. Inquiries into the arcana of the Godhead. Warburton.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A secret remedy; an elixir. Dunglison.

ARCBOUTANT Arc`*bou`tant", n. Etym: [F.] (Arch.)

Defn: A flying buttress. Gwilt.

ARCH Arch, n. Etym: [F. arche, fr. LL. arca, for arcus. See Arc.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: Any part of a curved line.

2. (Arch.) (a) Usually a curved member made up of separate wedge-shaped solids, with the joints between them disposed in the direction of the radii of the curve; used to support the wall or other weight above an opening. In this sense arches are segmental, round (i. e., semicircular), or pointed. (b) A flat arch is a member constructed of stones cut into wedges or other shapes so as to support each other without rising in a curve.

Note: Scientifically considered, the arch is a means of spanning an opening by resolving vertical pressure into horizontal or diagonal thrust.

3. Any place covered by an arch; an archway; as, to pass into the arch of a bridge.

4. Any curvature in the form of an arch; as, the arch of the aorta. "Colors of the showery arch." Milton. Triumphal arch, a monumental structure resembling an arched gateway, with one or more passages, erected to commemorate a triumph.

ARCH Arch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arched; p. pr. & vb. n. Arching.]

1. To cover with an arch or arches.

2. To form or bend into the shape of an arch. The horse arched his neck. Charlesworth.

ARCH Arch, v. i.

Defn: To form into an arch; to curve.

ARCH- Arch- (ärch-, except in archangel and one or two other words). Etym: [L. arch-, Gr. Arch-.]

Defn: A prefix signifying chief, as in archbuilder, archfiend.

ARCH Arch, a. Etym: [See Arch-, pref.]

1. Chief; eminent; greatest; principal. The most arch act of piteous massacre. Shak.

2. Cunning or sly; sportively mischievous; roguish; as, an arch look, word, lad. [He] spoke his request with so arch a leer. Tatler.

ARCH Arch, n. Etym: [See Arch-, pref.]