Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (part 19 of 60)

Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (part 19 of 60)

3. Bold; confident; free from depression; undismayed. But who is he, by years Bowed, but erect in heart Keble.

4. Watchful; alert. Vigilant and erect attention of mind. Hooker.

5. (Bot.)

Defn: Standing upright, with reference to the earth's surface, or to the surface to which it is attached.

6. (Her.)

Defn: Elevated, as the tips of wings, heads of serpents, etc.

ERECT E*rect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Erected; p. pr. & vb. n. Erecting.]

1. To raise and place in an upright or perpendicular position; to set upright; to raise; as, to erect a pole, a flagstaff, a monument, etc.

2. To raise, as a building; to build; to construct; as, to erect a house or a fort; to set up; to put together the component parts of, as of a machine.

3. To lift up; to elevate; to exalt; to magnify. That didst his state above his hopes erect. Daniel. I, who am a party, am not to erect myself into a judge. Dryden.

4. To animate; to encourage; to cheer. It raiseth the dropping spirit, erecting it to a loving complaisance. Barrow.

5. To set up as an assertion or consequence from premises, or the like. "To erect conclusions." Sir T. Browne. "Malebranche erects this proposition." Locke.

6. To set up or establish; to found; to form; to institute. "To erect a new commonwealth." Hooker. Erecting shop (Mach.), a place where large machines, as engines, are put together and adjusted.

Syn. -- To set up; raise; elevate; construct; build; institute; establish; found.

ERECT E*rect", v. i.

Defn: To rise upright. [Obs.] By wet, stalks do erect. Bacon.

ERECTABLE E*rect"a*ble a.

Defn: Capable of being erected; as, an erectable feather. Col. G. Montagu.

ERECTER E*rect"er, n.

Defn: An erector; one who raises or builds.

ERECTILE E*rect"ile, a. Etym: [Cf. F. érectile.]

Defn: Capable of being erected; susceptible of being erected of dilated. Erectile tissue (Anat.), a tissue which is capable of being greatly dilated and made rigid by the distension of the numerous blood vessels which it contains.

ERECTILITY E`rec*til"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being erectile.

ERECTION E*rec"tion, n. Etym: [L. erectio: cf. F. érection.]

1. The act of erecting, or raising upright; the act of constructing, as a building or a wall, or of fitting together the parts of, as a machine; the act of founding or establishing, as a commonwealth or an office; also, the act of rousing to excitement or courage.

2. The state of being erected, lifted up, built, established, or founded; exaltation of feelings or purposes. Her peerless height my mind to high erection draws up. Sidney

3. State of being stretched to stiffness; tension.

4. Anything erected; a building of any kind.

5. (Physiol.)

Defn: The state of a part which, from having been soft, has become hard and swollen by the accumulation of blood in the erectile tissue.

ERECTIVE E*rect"ive, a.

Defn: Making erect or upright; raising; tending to erect.

ERECTLY E*rect"ly, adv.

Defn: In an erect manner or posture.

ERECTNESS E*rect"ness, n.

Defn: Uprightness of posture or form.

ERECTO-PATENT E*rec"to-pat"ent, a.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a position intermediate between erect and patent, or spreading.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Standing partially spread and erect; -- said of the wings of certain insects.

ERECTOR E*rec"tor, n.

1. One who, or that which, erects.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle which raises any part.

3. (Physics)

Defn: An attachment to a microscope, telescope, or other optical instrument, for making the image erect instead of inverted.

ERELONG Ere`long", adv.

Defn: Before the ere long. A man, . . . following the stag, erelong slew him. Spenser. The world, erelong, a world of tears must weep. Milton.

EREMACAUSIS Er`e*ma*cau"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A gradual oxidation from exposure to air and moisture, as in the decay of old trees or of dead animals.

EREMITAGE Er"e*mit*age, n.

Defn: See Hermitage.

EREMITE Er"e*mite, n. Etym: [See Hermit.]

Defn: A hermit. Thou art my heaven, and I thy eremite. Keats.

EREMITIC; EREMITICAL Er`e*mit"ic, Er`e*mit"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an eremite; hermitical; living in solitude. "An eremitical life in the woods." Fuller. "The eremitic instinct." Lowell.

EREMITISH Er"e*mi`tish, a.

Defn: Eremitic. Bp. Hall.

EREMITISM Er"e*mit*ism, n.

Defn: The state of a hermit; a living in seclusion from social life.

EREPTATION E`rep*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. erepere to creep out; e out + repere to creep.]

Defn: A creeping forth. [Obs.]

EREPTION E*rep"tion, n. Etym: [L. ereptio, fr. eripere to snatch away; e out + rapere to snatch.]

Defn: A snatching away. [Obs.] Cockeram.

ERETHISM Er"e*thism, n. Etym: [Gr. éréthisme.] (Med.)

Defn: A morbid degree of excitement or irritation in an organ. Hoblyn.

ERETHISTIC Er`e*this"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Relating to erethism.

EREWHILE; EREWHILES Ere`while", Ere`whiles", adv.

Defn: Some time ago; a little while before; heretofore. [Archaic] I am as fair now as I was erewhile. Shak.

ERF Erf, n.; pl. Erven. Etym: [D.]

Defn: A garden plot, usually about half an acre. [Cape Colony]

ERG Erg, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physics)

Defn: The unit of work or energy in the C. G. S. system, being the amount of work done by a dyne working through a distance of one centimeter; the amount of energy expended in moving a body one centimeter against a force of one dyne. One foot pound is equal to 13,560,000 ergs.

ERGAL Er"gal, n. [G., fr. Gr. work.] (Physics)

Defn: Potential energy; negative value of the force function.

ERGAT Er"gat, v. t. Etym: [L. ergo therefore.]

Defn: To deduce logically, as conclusions. [Obs.] Hewyt.

ERGMETER Erg"me`ter, n. [Erg + -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring energy in ergs.

ERGO Er"go, conj. or adv. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Therefore; consequently; -- often used in a jocular way. Shak.

ERGOGRAPH Er"go*graph, n. [Gr. work + -graph.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring and recording the work done by a single muscle or set of muscles, the rate of fatigue, etc. -- Er`go*graph"ic (#), a.

ERGOMETER Er*gom"e*ter, n. [Gr. work + -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: A device for measuring, or an instrument for indicating, energy expended or work done; a dynamometer. -- Er`go*met"ric (#), a.

ERGON Er"gon, n. [NL., fr. Gr. work.] (Physics) (a) Work, measured in terms of the quantity of heat to which it is equivalent. (b) = Erg.

ERGOT Er"got, n. Etym: [F. ergot, argot, lit., a spur.]

1. A diseased condition of rye and other cereals, in which the grains become black, and often spur-shaped. It is caused by a parasitic fungus, Claviceps purpurea.

2. The mycelium or spawn of this fungus infecting grains of rye and wheat. It is a powerful remedial agent, and also a dangerous poison, and is used as a means of hastening childbirth, and to arrest bleeding.

3. (Far.)

Defn: A stub, like soft horn, about the size of a chestnut, situated behind and below the pastern joint.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: See 2d Calcar, 3 (b).

ERGOTIC Er*got"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, ergot; as, ergotic acid.

ERGOTIN Er"go*tin, n. (Med.)

Defn: An extract made from ergot.

ERGOTINE Er"go*tine. (Chem.)

Defn: A powerful astringent alkaloid extracted from ergot as a brown, amorphous, bitter substance. It is used to produce contraction of the uterus.

ERGOTISM Er"go*tism, n. Etym: [F. ergotisme, fr. L. ergo.]

Defn: A logical deduction. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ERGOTISM Er"got*ism, n. Etym: [From Ergot, n.; cf. F. ergotisme.] (Med.)

Defn: A diseased condition produced by eating rye affected with the ergot fungus.

ERGOTIZED Er"got*ized, a.

Defn: Affected with the ergot fungus; as, ergotized rye.

ERIACH; ERIC Er"i*ach, Er"ic, n. Etym: [Ir. eiric.] (Old Irish Law)

Defn: A recompense formerly given by a murderer to the relatives of the murdered person.

ERICA E*ri"ca, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. erice heath, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubby plants, including the heaths, many of them producing beautiful flowers.

ERICACEOUS Er`i*ca"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to the Heath family, or resembling plants of that family; consisting of heats.

ERICINOL E*ric"i*nol, n. Etym: [NL. ericaceae the Heath family + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless oil (quickly becoming brown), with a pleasant odor, obtained by the decomposition of ericolin.

ERICIUS E*ri"ci*us, n. Etym: [L., a hedgehog.]

Defn: The Vulgate rendering of the Hebrew word qipod, which in the "Authorized Version" is translated bittern, and in the Revised Version, porcupine. I will make it [Babylon] a possession for the ericius and pools of waters. Is. xiv. 23 (Douay version).

ERICOLIN E*ric"o*lin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside found in the bearberry (and others of the Ericaceæ), and extracted as a bitter, yellow, amorphous mass.

ERIDANUS E*rid"a*nus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A long, winding constellation extending southward from Taurus and containing the bright star Achernar.

ERIGIBLE Er"i*gi*ble, a. Etym: [See Erect.]

Defn: Capable of being erected. [Obs.]

ERIN E"rin, n. Etym: [Ir. Cf. Aryan.]

Defn: An early, and now a poetic, name of Ireland.

ERINACEOUS Er`i*na"ceous, a. Etym: [L. erinaceus hedgehog.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of the Hedgehog family; like, or characteristic of, a hedgehog.

ERINGO E*rin"go, n.

Defn: The sea holly. See Eryngo.

ERINITE Er"i*nite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous arseniate of copper, of an emerald-green color; -- so called from Erin, or Ireland, where it occurs.

ERINYS E*rin"ys, n.; pl. Erinyes. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: An avenging deity; one of the Furies; sometimes, conscience personified. [Written also Erinnys.]

ERIOMETER E`ri*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Opt.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the diameters of minute particles or fibers, from the size of the colored rings produced by the diffraction of the light in which the objects are viewed.

ERISTALIS E*ris"ta*lis, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of dipterous insects whose young (called rat-tailed larvæ) are remarkable for their long tapering tail, which spiracles at the tip, and for their ability to live in very impure and salt waters; -- also called drone fly.

ERISTIC; ERISTICAL E*ris"tic, E*ris"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Controversial. [Archaic] A specimen of admirable special pleading in the court of eristic logic. Coleridge.

ERKE Erke, a. Etym: [Cf. Irk.]

Defn: ASlothful. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

ERLKING Erl"king`, n. Etym: [G. erlkönig, fr. Dan. ellekonge elfking.]

Defn: A personification, in German and Scandinavian mythology, of a spirit natural power supposed to work mischief and ruin, esp. to children.

ERME Erme, v. i. Etym: [OE. ermen, AS. yrman. Cf. Yearn.]

Defn: To grieve; to feel sad. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ERMELIN; ERMILIN Er"me*lin, Er"mi*lin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Ermine. Shenstone.

ERMIN Er"min, n. Etym: [OF. Ermin, L. Armenius.]

Defn: An Armenian. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ERMINE Er"mine, n. Etym: [OF. ermine, F. hermine, prob. of German origin; cf. OHG. harmo, G. hermelin, akin to Lith. szarm, szarmonys, weasel, cf. AS. hearma; but cf. also LL. armelinus, armellina, hermellina, and pellis Armenia, the fur of the Armenian rat, mus Armenius, the animal being found also in Armenia.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A valuable fur-bearing animal of the genus Mustela (M. erminea), allied to the weasel; the stoat. It is found in the northern parts of Asia, Europe, and America. In summer it is brown, but in winter it becomes white, except the tip of the tail, which is always black.

2. The fur of the ermine, as prepared for ornamenting garments of royalty, etc., by having the tips of the tails, which are black, arranged at regular intervals throughout the white.

3. By metonymy, the office or functions of a judge, whose state robe, lined with ermine, is emblematical of purity and honor without stain. Chatham.

4. (Her.)

Defn: One of the furs. See Fur (Her.)

Note: Ermine is represented by an argent field, tufted with black. Ermines is the reverse of ermine, being black, spotted or timbered with argent. Erminois is the same as ermine, except that or is substituted for argent. Ermine moth (Zoöl.), a white moth with black spots (esp. Yponomeuta padella of Europe); -- so called on account of the resemblance of its covering to the fur of the ermine; also applied to certain white bombycid moths of America.

ERMINE Er"mine, v. t.

Defn: To clothe with, or as with, ermine. The snows that have ermined it in the winter. Lowell.

ERMINED Er"mined, a.

Defn: Clothed or adorned with the fur of the ermine. Pope.

ERMINES; ERMINOIS Er"mines, n., Er"min*ois (, n. (Her.)

Defn: See Note under Ermine, n., 4.

ERMIT Er"mit, n. Etym: [See Hermit.]

Defn: A hermit. [Obs.]

ERN; ERNE Ern, Erne, n. Etym: [AS. earn eagle; akin to D. arend, OHG. aro, G. aar, Icel., Sw., & Dan. örn, Goth. ara, and to Gr. Ornithology.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sea eagle, esp. the European white-tailed sea eagle (Haliæetus albicilla).

ERN Ern, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Erme.]

Defn: To stir with strong emotion; to grieve; to mourn.

Note: [Corrupted into yearn in modern editions of Shakespeare.] [Obs.]

ERNEST Er"nest, n.

Defn: See Earnest. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ERNESTFUL Er"nest*ful, a. Etym: [See Earnest, a.]

Defn: Serious. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ERODE E*rode", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eroded; p. pr. & vb. n. Eroding.] Etym: [L. erodere, erosum; e out + rodere to gnaw. See Rodent.]

Defn: To eat into or away; to corrode; as, canker erodes the flesh. "The blood . . . erodes the vessels." Wiseman. The smaller charge is more apt to . . . erode the gun. Am. Cyc.

ERODED E*rod"ed, p. p. & a.

1. Eaten away; gnawed; irregular, as if eaten or worn away.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the edge worn away so as to be jagged or irregularly toothed.

ERODENT E*rod"ent, n. Etym: [L. erodens, -entis, p. pr. of erodere. See Erode.] (Med.)

Defn: A medicine which eats away extraneous growths; a caustic.

EROGATE Er"o*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Erogated; p. pr. & vb. n. Erogating.] Etym: [L. erogatus, p. p. of erogare; e out + rogare to ask.]

Defn: To lay out, as money; to deal out; to expend. [Obs.]

EROGATION Er`o*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. erogatio.]

Defn: The act of giving out or bestowing. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

EROS E"ros, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Greek Myth.)

Defn: Love; the god of love; -- by earlier writers represented as one of the first and creative gods, by later writers as the son of Aphrodite, equivalent to the Latin god Cupid.

EROSE E*rose", a. Etym: [L. erosus, p. p. See Erode.]

1. Irregular or uneven as if eaten or worn away.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Jagged or irregularly toothed, as if nibbled out or gnawed. -- E*rose"ly, adv.

EROSION E*ro"sion, n. Etym: [L. erosio. See Erode.]

1. The act or operation of eroding or eating away.

2. The state of being eaten away; corrosion; canker.

EROSIVE E*ro"sive, a.

Defn: That erodes or gradually eats away; tending to erode; corrosive. Humble.

EROSTRATE E*ros"trate, a. Etym: [Pref. e- out + rostrate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Without a beak.

EROTEME Er"o*teme, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A mark indicating a question; a note of interrogation.

EROTESIS Er`o*te"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure o Must I give way and room to your rash choler Shall I be frighted when a madman stares Shak.

EROTIC; EROTICAL E*rot"ic, E*rot"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. érotique. See Eros.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the passion of love; treating of love; amatory.

EROTIC E*rot"ic, n.

Defn: An amorous composition or poem.

EROTICISM E*rot"i*cism, n.

Defn: Erotic quality.

ERPETOLOGIST Er`pe*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: Herpetologist.

ERPETOLOGY Er`pe*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. erpétologie.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Herpetology.

ERR Err, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Erred; p. pr. & vb. n. Erring (; 277, 85).] Etym: [F. errer, L. errare; akin to G. irren, OHG. irran, v. t., irr, v. i., OS. irrien, Sw. irra, Dan. irre, Goth, aírzjan to lead astray, airzise astray.]

1. To wander; to roam; to stray. [Archaic] "Why wilt thou err from me" Keble. What seemeth to you, if there were to a man an hundred sheep and one of them hath erred. Wyclif (Matt. xviii. 12).

2. To deviate from the true course; to miss the thing aimed at. "My jealous aim might err." Shak.

3. To miss intellectual truth; to fall into error; to mistake in judgment or opinion; to be mistaken. The man may err in his judgment of circumstances. Tillotson.

4. To deviate morally from the right way; to go astray, in a figurative sense; to do wrong; to sin. Do they not err that devise evil Prov. xiv. 22.

5. To offend, as by erring.

ERRABLE Er"ra*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to error; fallible.

ERRABLENESS Er"ra*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Liability to error. Dr. H. More.

ERRABUND Er"ra*bund, a. Etym: [L. errabundus.]

Defn: Erratic. "Errabund guesses." Southey.

ERRANCY Er"ran*cy, n. Etym: [L. errantia.]

Defn: A wandering; state of being in error.

ERRAND Er"rand, n. Etym: [OE. erende, erande, message, business, AS. ærende, ærend; akin to OS. arundi, OHG. arunti, Icel. eyrendi, örendi, erendi, Sw. ärende, Dan. ærende; perh. akin to AS. earu swift, Icel. örr, and to L. oriri to rise, E. orient.]

Defn: A special business intrusted to a messenger; something to be told or done by one sent somewhere for the purpose; often, a verbal message; a commission; as, the servant was sent on an errand; to do an errand. Also, one's purpose in going anywhere. I have a secret errand to thee, O king. Judg. iii. 19. I will not eat till I have told mine errand. Gen. xxiv. 33. mission.

ERRANT Er"rant, a. Etym: [F. errant, p. pr. fr. OF. errer to travel, LL. iterare, fr. L. iter journey; confused somewhat with L. errare to err. See Eyre, and cf. Arrant, Itinerant.]

1. Wandering; deviating from an appointed course, or from a direct path; roving. Seven planets or errant stars in the lower orbs of heaven. Sir T. Browne.

2. Notorious; notoriously bad; downright; arrant. Would make me an errant fool. B. Jonson.

3. (Eng. Law)

Defn: Journeying; itinerant; -- formerly applied to judges who went on circuit and to bailiffs at large. Mozley & W.

ERRANT Er"rant, n.

Defn: One who wanders about. [Obs.] Fuller.

ERRANTIA Er*ran"ti*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. errare to wander. See Err.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of chætopod annelids, including those that are not confined to tubes. See Chætopoda. [Written also Errantes.]

ERRANTRY Er"rant*ry, n.

1. A wandering; a roving; esp., a roving in quest of adventures. Addison.

2. The employment of a knight-errant. Johnson.

ERRATA Er*ra"ta, n. pl. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Erratum.

ERRATIC Er*rat"ic, a. Etym: [L. erraticus, fr. errare to wander: cf. F. erratique. See Err.]

1. Having no certain course; roving about without a fixed destination; wandering; moving; -- hence, applied to the planets as distinguished from the fixed stars. The earth and each erratic world. Blackmore.

2. Deviating from a wise of the common course in opinion or conduct; eccentric; strange; queer; as, erratic conduct.

3. Irregular; changeable. "Erratic fever." Harvey. Erratic blocks, gravel, etc. (Geol.), masses of stone which have been transported from their original resting places by the agency of water, ice, or other causes. -- Erratic phenomena, the phenomena which relate to transported materials on the earth's surface.

ERRATIC Er*rat"ic, n.

1. One who deviates from common and accepted opinions; one who is eccentric or preserve in his intellectual character.

2. A rogue. [Obs.] Cockeram.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: Any stone or material that has been borne away from its original site by natural agencies; esp., a large block or fragment of rock; a bowlder.

Note: In the plural the term is applied especially to the loose gravel and stones on the earth's surface, including what is called drift.

ERRATICAL Er*rat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Erratic. -- Er*rat"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Er*rat"ic*al*ness, n.

ERRATION Er*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. erratio. See Err.]

Defn: A wandering; a roving about. [Obs.] Cockeram.

ERRATUM Er*ra"tum, n.; pl. Errata. Etym: [L., fr. errare, erratum, to wander, err. See Err.]

Defn: An error or mistake in writing or printing. A single erratum may knock out the brains of a whole passage. Cowper.

ERRHINE Er"rhine, n. Etym: [Gr. errhin.] (Med.)

Defn: A medicine designed to be snuffed up the nose, to promote discharges of mucus; a sternutatory. Coxe. -- a.

Defn: Causing or increasing secretion of nasal mucus.

ERRONEOUS Er*ro"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. erroneus, fr. errare to err. See Err.]

1. Wandering; straying; deviating from the right course; -- hence, irregular; unnatural. [Obs.] "Erroneous circulation." Arbuthnot. Stopped much of the erroneous light, which otherwise would have disturbed the vision. Sir I. Newman.

2. Misleading; misled; mistaking. [Obs.] An erroneous conscience commands us to do what we ought to omit. Jer. Taylor.

3. Containing error; not conformed to truth or justice; incorrect; false; mistaken; as, an erroneous doctrine; erroneous opinion, observation, deduction, view, etc. -- Er*ro"ne*ous*ly, adv. -- Er*ro"ne*ous*ness, n.

ERROR Er"ror, n. Etym: [OF. error, errur, F. erreur, L. error, fr. errare to err. See Err.]

1. A wandering; a roving or irregular course. [Obs.] The rest of his journey, his error by sea. B. Jonson.

2. A wandering or deviation from the right course or standard; irregularity; mistake; inaccuracy; something made wrong or left wrong; as, an error in writing or in printing; a clerical error.

3. A departing or deviation from the truth; falsity; false notion; wrong opinion; mistake; misapprehension. Herror, though his candor remained unimpaired. Bancroft.

4. A moral offense; violation of duty; a sin or transgression; iniquity; fault. Ps. xix. 12.

5. (Math.)

Defn: The difference between the approximate result and the true result; -- used particularly in the rule of double position.

6. (Mensuration) (a) The difference between an observed value and the true value of a quantity. (b) The difference between the observed value of a quantity and that which is taken or computed to be the true value; -- sometimes called residual error.

7. (Law.)

Defn: A mistake in the proceedings of a court of record in matters of law or of fact.

8. (Baseball)

Defn: A fault of a player of the side in the field which results in failure to put out a player on the other side, or gives him an unearned base. Law of error, or Law of frequency of error (Mensuration), the law which expresses the relation between the magnitude of an error and the frequency with which that error will be committed in making a large number of careful measurements of a quantity. -- Probable error. (Mensuration) See under Probable. -- Writ of error (Law), an original writ, which lies after judgment in an action at law, in a court of record, to correct some alleged error in the proceedings, or in the judgment of the court. Bouvier. Burrill.

Syn. -- Mistake; fault; blunder; failure; fallacy; delusion; hallucination; sin. See Blunder.

ERRORFUL Er"ror*ful, a.

Defn: Full of error; wrong. Foxe.

ERRORIST Er"ror*ist, n.

Defn: One who encourages and propagates error; one who holds to error.

ERS Ers, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. ervum a kind of pulse, bitter vetch.] (Bot.)

Defn: The bitter vetch (Ervum Ervilia).

ERSE Erse, n. Etym: [A modification of Irish, OE. Irishe.]

Defn: A name sometimes given to that dialect of the Celtic which is spoken in the Highlands of Scotland; -- called, by the Highlanders, Gaelic.

ERSE Erse, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Celtic race in the Highlands of Scotland, or to their language.

ERSH Ersh, n.

Defn: See Arrish.

ERST Erst, adv. Etym: [Orig. superlative of ere; AS. . See Ere.] [Archaic]

1. First. Chaucer.

2. Previously; before; formerly; heretofore. Chaucer. Tityrus, with whose style he had erst disclaimed all ambition to match his pastoral pipe. A. W. Ward. At erst, at first; at the beginning. -- Now at erst, at this present time. Chaucer.

ERSTWHILE Erst`while", adv.

Defn: Till then or now; heretofore; formerly. [Archaic]

ERUBESCENCE; ERUBESCENCY Er`u*bes"cence, Er`u*bes"cen*cy, n. Etym: [L. erubescentia: cf. F. érubescence.]

Defn: The act of becoming red; redness of the skin or surface of anything; a blushing.

ERUBESCENT Er`u*bes"cent, a. Etym: [L. erubescens, p. pr. erubescere to grow red; e out + rubescere. See Rubescent.]

Defn: Red, or reddish; blushing. Johnson.

ERUBESCITE Er`u*bes"cite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Bornite.

ERUCA E*ru"ca, n.; pl. Erucæ. Etym: [L., a caterpillar, also, a sort of colewort.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An insect in the larval state; a caterpillar; a larva.

ERUCIC E*ru"cic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, a genus of cruciferous Mediterranean herbs (Eruca or Brassica); as, erucic acid, a fatty acid resembling oleic acid, and found in colza oil, mustard oil, etc.

ERUCIFROM E*ru"ci*from, a. Etym: [Eruca + -form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the form of a caterpillar; -- said of insect larvæ.

ERUCT; ERUCTATE E*ruct", E*ruc"tate, v. t. Etym: [L. eructare; e out + ructare to belch: cf. F. éructer.]

Defn: To eject, as wind, from the stomach; to belch. [R.] Howell.

ERUCTATION Er`uc*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. eructatio: cf. F. éructation.]

1. The act of belching wind from the stomach; a belch.

2. A violent belching out or emitting, as of gaseous or other matter from the crater of a volcano, geyser, etc.

ERUDIATE E*ru"di*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. erudire.]

Defn: To instruct; to educate; to teach. [Obs.] The skillful goddess there erudiates these In all she did. Fanshawe.

ERUDITE Er"u*dite, a. Etym: [L. eruditus, p. p. of erudire to free from rudeness, to polish, instruct; e out + rudis rude: cf. F. érudit. See Rude.]

Defn: Characterized by extensive reading or knowledge; well instructed; learned. "A most erudite prince." Sir T. More. "Erudite . . . theology." I. Taylor. -- Er"u*dite`ly, adv. -- Er"u*dite`ness, n.

ERUDITION Er`u*di"tion, n. Etym: [L. eruditio: cf. F. érudition.]

Defn: The act of instructing; the result of thorough instruction; the state of being erudite or learned; the acquisitions gained by extensive reading or study; particularly, learning in literature or criticism, as distinct from the sciences; scholarship. The management of a young lady's person is not be overlooked, but the erudition of her mind is much more to be regarded. Steele. The gay young gentleman whose erudition sat so easily upon him. Macaulay.

Syn. -- Literature; learning. See Literature.

ERUGATE Er"u*gate, a. Etym: [L. erugatus, p. p. of erugare to smooth; e out + ruga wrinkle.]

Defn: Freed from wrinkles; smooth.

ERUGINOUS E*ru"gi*nous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. érugineux. See Æruginous.]

Defn: Partaking of the substance or nature of copper, or of the rust copper; resembling the trust of copper or verdigris; æruginous.

ERUMPENT E*rum"pent, a. Etym: [L. erumpens, -entis, p. pr. of erumpere.] (Bot.)

Defn: Breaking out; -- said of certain fungi which burst through the texture of leaves.

ERUPT E*rupt", v. t. Etym: [See Eruption.]

Defn: To cause to burst forth; to eject; as, to erupt lava. Huxley.

ERUPTION E*rup"tion, n. Etym: [L. eruptio, fr. erumpere, eruptum, to break out; e out + rumpere, to break: cf. F. éruption. See Rupture.]

1. The act of breaking out or bursting forth; as: (a) A violent throwing out of flames, lava, etc., as from a volcano of a fissure in the earth's crust. (b) A sudden and overwhelming hostile movement of armed men from one country to another. Milton. (c) A violent commotion. All Paris was quiet . . . to gather fresh strength for the next day's eruption. W. Irving.

2. That which bursts forth.

3. A violent exclamation; ejaculation. He would . . . break out into bitter and passionate eruditions. Sir H. Wotton.

4. (Med.)

Defn: The breaking out of pimples, or an efflorescence, as in measles, scarlatina, etc.

ERUPTIONAL E*rup"tion*al, a.

Defn: Eruptive. [R.] R. A. Proctor.

ERUPTIVE E*rup"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. éruptif.]

1. Breaking out or bursting forth. The sudden glance Appears far south eruptive through the cloud. Thomson.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Attended with eruption or efflorescence, or producing it; as, an eruptive fever.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: Produced by eruption; as, eruptive rocks, such as the igneous or volcanic.

ERUPTIVE E*rup"tive, n. (Geol.)

Defn: An eruptive rock.

ERYNGIUM E*ryn"gi*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. eryngion, erynge.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of umbelliferous plants somewhat like thistles in appearance. Eryngium maritimum, or sea holly, has been highly esteemed as an aphrodisiac, the roots being formerly candied.

ERYNGO E*ryn"go, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Eryngium.

ERYSIPELAS Er`y*sip"e*las, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Red, and Pell, n.] (Med.)

Defn: St. Anthony's fire; a febrile disease accompanied with a diffused inflammation of the skin, which, starting usually from a single point, spreads gradually over its surface. It is usually regarded as contagious, and often occurs epidemically.

ERYSIPELATOID Er`y*si*pel"a*toid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Resembling erysipelas.

ERYSIPELATOUS Er`y*si*pel"a*tous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. érysipélateux.]

Defn: Resembling erysipelas, or partaking of its nature.

ERYSIPELOUS Er`y*sip"e*lous, a.

Defn: Erysipelatous.

ERYTHEMA Er`y*the"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A disease of the skin, in which a diffused inflammation forms rose-colored patches of variable size.

ERYTHEMATIC Er`y*the*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. érythématique.] (Med.)

Defn: Characterized by, or causing, a morbid redness of the skin; relating to erythema.

ERYTHEMATOUS Er`y*them"a*tous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Relating to, or causing, erythema.

ERYTHREAN; ERYTHRAEAN Er`y*thre"an, Er`y*thræ"an, a. Etym: [L. erythraeus; Gr.

Defn: Red in color. "The erythrean main." Milton.

ERYTHRIC E*ryth"ric, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, erythrin.

ERYTHRIN; ERYTHRINE E*ryth"rin, E*ryth"rine, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless crystalline substance, C20H22O10, extracted from certain lichens, as the various species of Rocella. It is a derivative of orsellinic acid. So called because of certain red compounds derived from it. Called also erythric acid.

2. (Min.)

Defn: See Erythrite, 2.

ERYTHRINA Er`y*thri"na, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of leguminous plants growing in the tropics; coral tree; -- so called from its red flowers.

ERYTHRISM E*ryth"rism, n. Etym: [Gr. érythrisme.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A condition of excessive redness. See Erythrochroism.

ERYTHRITE E*ryth"rite, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless crystalline substance, C4H6.(OH)4, of a sweet, cooling taste, extracted from certain lichens, and obtained by the decomposition of erythrin; -- called also erythrol, erythroglucin, erythromannite, pseudorcin, cobalt bloom, and under the name phycite obtained from the alga Protococcus vulgaris. It is a tetrabasic alcohol, corresponding to glycol and glycerin.

2. (Min.)

Defn: A rose-red mineral, crystallized and earthy, a hydrous arseniate of cobalt, known also as cobalt bloom; -- called also erythrin or erythrine.

ERYTHROCHROIC E*ryth`ro*chro"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having, or subject to, erythrochroism.

ERYTHROCHROISM E*ryth"ro*chro*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An unusual redness, esp. in the plumage of birds, or hair of mammals, independently of age, sex, or season.

ERYTHRODEXTRIN E*ryth`ro*dex"trin, n. Etym: [Gr. dextrin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A dextrin which gives a red color with iodine. See Dextrin.

ERYTHROGEN E*ryth"ro*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Chem.) (a) Carbon disulphide; -- so called from certain red compounds which it produces in combination with other substances. (b) A substance reddened by acids, which is supposed to be contained in flowers. (c) A crystalline substance obtained from diseased bile, which becomes blood-red when acted on by nitric acid or ammonia.

ERYTHROGRANULOSE E*ryth`ro*gran"u*lose, n. Etym: [Gr. granulose.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A term applied by Brücke to a substance present in small amount in starch granules, colored red by iodine.

ERYTHROID Er"y*throid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid: cf. Gr.

Defn: Of a red color; reddish; as, the erythroid tunic (the cremaster muscle).

ERYTHROLEIC Er`y*thro"le*ic, a. Etym: [Gr. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: Having a red color and oily appearance; -- applied to a purple semifluid substance said to be obtained from archil.

ERYTHROLEIN Er`y*thro"le*in, n. Etym: [See Erythroleic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A red substance obtained from litmus.

ERYTHROLITMIN E*ryth`ro*lit"min, n. Etym: [Gr. litmus.] (Chem.)

Defn: Erythrolein.

ERYTHRONIUM Er`y*thro"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A name originally given (from its red acid) to the metal vanadium. [R.]

ERYTHROPHLEINE E*ryth`ro*phle"ine (; 104), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline alkaloid, extracted from sassy bark (Erythrophleum Guineense).

ERYTHROPHYLL; ERYTHROPHYLLIN E*ryth"ro*phyll, Er`y*throph"yl*lin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Bot.)

Defn: The red coloring matter of leaves, fruits, flowers, etc., in distinction from chlorophyll.

ERYTHROSIN E*ryth"ro*sin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.) (a) A red substance formed by the oxidation of tyrosin. (b) A red dyestuff obtained from fluoresceïn by the action of iodine.

ERYTHROXYLON Er`y*throx"y*lon, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs or small trees of the Flax family, growing in tropical countries. E. Coca is the source of cocaine. See Coca.

ERYTHROZYME E*ryth"ro*zyme, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A ferment extracted from madder root, possessing the power of inducing alcoholic fermentation in solutions of sugar.

ESCALADE Es`ca*lade", n. Etym: [F., Sp. escalada (cf. It. scalata), fr. Sp. escalar to scale, LL. scalare, fr. L. scala ladder. See Scale, v. t.] (Mil.)

Defn: A furious attack made by troops on a fortified place, in which ladders are used to pass a ditch or mount a rampart. Sin enters, not by escalade, but by cunning or treachery. Buckminster.

ESCALADE Es`ca*lade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Escaladed; p. pr. & vb. n. Escalading.] (Mil.)

Defn: To mount and pass or enter by means of ladders; to scale; as, to escalate a wall.

ESCALATOR Es"ca*la`tor, n. [NL. Cf. Escalade.]

Defn: A stairway or incline arranged like an endless belt so that the steps or treads ascend or descend continuously, and one stepping upon it is carried up or down; -- a trade term.

ESCALLOP Es*cal"lop, n.

Defn: See Escalop.

ESCALLOPED Es*cal"loped, a.

Defn: See Escaloped.

ESCALOP Es*cal"op, n. Etym: [OF. escalope shell, F. escalope a sort of cut of meat. See Scallop.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bivalve shell of the genus Pecten. See Scallop.

2. A regular, curving indenture in the margin of anything. See Scallop. "So many jags or escalops." Ray.

3. (a) The figure or shell of an escalop, considered as a sign that the bearer had been on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. Hence: (b) (Her.) A bearing or a charge consisting of an escalop shell.

ESCALOPED Es*cal"oped, a.

1. Cut or marked in the form of an escalop; scalloped.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Covered with a pattern resembling a series of escalop shells, each of which issues from between two others. Its appearance is that of a surface covered with scales. Escaloped oysters (Cookery). See under Scalloped.

ESCAMBIO Es*cam"bi*o, n. Etym: [LL. escambium, excambium. See Excamb.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: A license formerly required for the making over a bill of exchange to another over sea. Cowell.

ESCAPABLE Es*cap"a*ble, a.

Defn: Avoidable.

ESCAPADE Es`ca*pade", n. Etym: [F., fr. Sp. escapada escape, fr. escapar to escape; or F., fr. It. scappata escape, escapade, fr. scappare to escape. see Escape.]

1. The fling of a horse, or ordinary kicking back of his heels; a gambol.

2. Act by which one breaks loose from the rules of propriety or good sense; a freak; a prank. Carlyle.

ESCAPE Es*cape", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Escaped; p. pr. & vb. n. Escaping.] Etym: [OE. escapen, eschapen, OF. escaper, eschaper, F. echapper, fr. LL. ex cappa out of one's cape or cloak; hence, to slip out of one's cape and escape. See 3d Cape, and cf. Scape, v.]

1. To flee from and avoid; to be saved or exempt from; to shun; to obtain security from; as, to escape danger. "Sailors that escaped the wreck." Shak.

2. To avoid the notice of; to pass unobserved by; to evade; as, the fact escaped our attention. They escaped the search of the enemy. Ludlow.

ESCAPE Es*cape", v. i.

1. To flee, and become secure from danger; -- often followed by from or out of. Haste, for thy life escape, nor look behindKeble.

2. To get clear from danger or evil of any form; to be passed without harm. Such heretics . . . would have been thought fortunate, if they escaped with life. Macaulay.

3. To get free from that which confines or holds; -- used of persons or things; as, to escape from prison, from arrest, or from slavery; gas escapes from the pipes; electricity escapes from its conductors. To escape out of these meshes. Thackeray.

ESCAPE Es*cape", n.

1. The act of fleeing from danger, of evading harm, or of avoiding notice; deliverance from injury or any evil; flight; as, an escape in battle; a narrow escape; also, the means of escape; as, a fire escape. I would hasten my escape from the windy storm. Ps. lv. 8.

2. That which escapes attention or restraint; a mistake; an oversight; also, transgression. [Obs.] I should have been more accurate, and corrected all those former escapes. Burton.

3. A sally. "Thousand escapes of wit." Shak.

4. (Law)

Defn: The unlawful permission, by a jailer or other custodian, of a prisoner's departure from custody.

Note: Escape is technically distinguishable from prison breach, which is the unlawful departure of the prisoner from custody, escape being the permission of the departure by the custodian, either by connivance or negligence. The term escape, however, is applied by some of the old authorities to a departure from custody by stratagem, or without force. Wharton.

5. (Arch.)

Defn: An apophyge.

6. Leakage or outflow, as of steam or a liquid.

7. (Elec.)

Defn: Leakage or loss of currents from the conducting wires, caused by defective insulation. Escape pipe (Steam Boilers), a pipe for carrying away steam that escapes through a safety valve. -- Escape valve (Steam Engine), a relief valve; a safety valve. See under Relief, and Safety. -- Escape wheel (Horol.), the wheel of an escapement.

ESCAPEMENT Es*cape"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. échappement. See Escape.]

1. The act of escaping; escape. [R.]

2. Way of escape; vent. [R.] An escapement for youthful high spirits. G. Eliot.

3. The contrivance in a timepiece which connects the train of wheel work with the pendulum or balance, giving to the latter the impulse by which it is kept in vibration; -- so called because it allows a tooth to escape from a pallet at each vibration.

Note: Escapements are of several kinds, as the vertical, or verge, or crown, escapement, formerly used in watches, in which two pallets on the balance arbor engage with a crown wheel; the anchor escapement, in which an anchor-shaped piece carries the pallets; -- used in common clocks (both are called recoil escapements, from the recoil of the escape wheel at each vibration); the cylinder escapement, having an open-sided hollow cylinder on the balance arbor to control the escape wheel; the duplex escapement, having two sets of teeth on the wheel; the lever escapement, which is a kind of detached escapement, because the pallets are on a lever so arranged that the balance which vibrates it is detached during the greater part of its vibration and thus swings more freely; the detent escapement, used in chronometers; the remontoir escapement, in which the escape wheel is driven by an independent spring or weight wound up at intervals by the clock train, -- sometimes used in astronomical clocks. When the shape of an escape-wheel tooth is such that it falls dead on the pallet without recoil, it forms a deadbeat escapement.

ESCAPER Es*cap"er, n.

Defn: One who escapes.

ESCARBUNCLE Es*car"bun*cle, n. Etym: [OF. escarbuncle, F. escaboucle.] (Her.)

Defn: See Carbuncle, 3.

ESCARGATOIRE Es*car`ga*toire", n. Etym: [F. escargotière, fr. escargot snail.]

Defn: A nursery of snails. [Obs.] Addison.

ESCARP Es*carp", n. Etym: [F. escarpe (cf. Sp. escarpa, It. scarpa), fr. escarper to cut steep, cut to a slope, prob. of German origin: cf. G. scharf sharp,, E. sharp, or perh. scrape.] (Fort.)

Defn: The side of the ditch next the parapet; -- same as scarp, and opposed to counterscarp.

ESCARP Es*carp", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Escarped; p. pr. & vb. n. Escarping.] (Mil.)

Defn: To make into, or furnish with, a steep slope, like that of a scrap. Carleton.

ESCARPMENT Es*carp"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. escarpement.]

Defn: A steep descent or declivity; steep face or edge of a ridge; ground about a fortified place, cut away nearly vertically to prevent hostile approach. See Scarp.

-ESCENT -es"cent. Etym: [From the ending -escens, -entis, of the p. pr. of inchoative verbs in Latin.]

Defn: A suffix signifying beginning, beginning to be; as, adolescent, effervescent, etc.

ESCHALOT Esch`a*lot", n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Shallot.

ESCHAR Es"char, n. Etym: [L. eschara, Gr. eschare. See Scar.] (Med.)

Defn: A dry slough, crust, or scab, which separates from the healthy part of the body, as that produced by a burn, or the application of caustics.

ESCHAR Es"char, n. Etym: [Ir.] (Geol.)

Defn: In Ireland, one of the continuous mounds or ridges of gravelly and sandy drift which extend for many miles over the surface of the country. Similar ridges in Scotland are called kames or kams. [Written also eskar and esker.]

ESCHARA Es"cha*ra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Bryozoa which produce delicate corals, often incrusting like lichens, but sometimes branched.

ESCHARINE Es"cha*rine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like, or pertaining to, the genus Eschara, or family Escharidæ.

ESCHAROTIC Es`cha*rot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. escharotique.] (Med.)

Defn: Serving or tending to form an eschar;; producing a scar; caustic.

ESCHAROTIC Es`cha*rot"ic, n. (Med.)

Defn: A substance which produces an eschar; a caustic, esp., a mild caustic.

ESCHATOLOGICAL Es`cha*to*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the last or final things.

ESCHATOLOGY Es`cha*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The doctrine of the last or final things, as death, judgment, and the events therewith connected.

ESCHAUNGE Es*chaunge", n.

Defn: Exchange. [Obs.]

ESCHEAT Es*cheat", n. Etym: [OE. eschete, escheyte, an escheat, fr. OF. escheit, escheoit, escheeite, esheoite, fr. escheoir (F. échoir) to fall to, fall to the lot of; pref. es- (L. ex) + cheoir, F. choir, to fall, fr. L. cadere. See Chance, and cf. Cheat.]

1. (Law) (a) (Feud. & Eng. Law) The falling back or reversion of lands, by some casualty or accident, to the lord of the fee, in consequence of the extinction of the blood of the tenant, which may happen by his dying without heirs, and formerly might happen by corruption of blood, that is, by reason of a felony or attainder. Tomlins. Blackstone. (b) (U. S. Law) The reverting of real property to the State, as original and ultimate proprietor, by reason of a failure of persons legally entitled to hold the same.

Note: A distinction is carefully made, by English writers, between escheat to the lord of the fee and forfeiture to the crown. But in this country, where the State holds the place of chief lord of the fee, and is entitled to take alike escheat and by forfeiture, this distinction is not essential. Tomlins. Kent. (c) A writ, now abolished, to recover escheats from the person in possession. Blackstone.

2. Lands which fall to the lord or the State by escheat.

3. That which falls to one; a reversion or return To make me great by others' loss is bad escheat. Spenser.

ESCHEAT Es*cheat", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Esheated; p. pr. & vb. n. Escheating.] (Law)

Defn: To revert, or become forfeited, to the lord, the crown, or the State, as lands by the failure of persons entitled to hold the same, or by forfeiture.

Note: In this country it is the general rule that when the title to land fails by defect of heirs or devisees, it necessarily escheats to the State; but forfeiture of estate from crime is hardly known in this country, and corruption of blood is universally abolished. Kent. Bouvier.

ESCHEAT Es*cheat", v. t. (Law)

Defn: To forfeit. Bp. Hall.

ESCHEATABLE Es*cheat"a*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to escheat.

ESCHEATAGE Es*cheat"age (; 48), n.

Defn: The right of succeeding to an escheat. Sherwood.

ESCHEATOR Es*cheat"or, n. (Law)

Defn: An officer whose duty it is to observe what escheats have taken place, and to take charge of them. Burrill.

ESCHEVIN Es"che*vin, n. Etym: [OF. eschevin, a sort of magistrate, alderman, F. échevin.]

Defn: The alderman or chief officer of an ancient guild. [Obs.]

ESCHEW Es*chew", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eshewed; p. pr. & vb. n. Eshewing.] Etym: [OF. eschever, eschiver, eskiver, F. esquiver, fr. OHG. sciuhen, G. scheuen; akin to E. sky. See Shy, a.]

1. To shun; to avoid, as something wrong, or from a feeling of distaste; to keep one's self clear of. They must not only eschew evil, but do good. Bp. Beveridge.

2. To escape from; to avoid. [Obs.] He who obeys, destruction shall eschew. Sandys.

ESCHEWER Es*chew"er, n.

Defn: One who eschews.

ESCHEWMENT Es*chew"ment, n.

Defn: The act of eschewing. [R.]

ESCHSCHOLTZIA Esch*scholtz"i*a, n. Etym: [NL. Named after Dr. Eschscholtz, a German botanist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of papaveraceous plants, found in California and upon the west coast of North America, some species of which produce beautiful yellow, orange, rose-colored, or white flowers; the California poppy.

ESCHYNITE Es"chy*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A rare mineral, containing chiefly niobium, titanium, thorium, and cerium. It was so called by Berzelius on account of the inability of chemical science, at the time of its discovery, to separate some of its constituents.

ESCOCHEON Es*coch"eon, n.

Defn: Escutcheon. [Obs.]

ESCOPET; ESCOPETTE Es`co*pet", Es`co*pette", n. Etym: [Sp. escopeta, F. escopette.]

Defn: A kind of firearm; a carbine.

ESCORIAL Es*co"ri*al, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: See Escurial.

ESCORT Es"cort, n. Etym: [F. escorte, It. scorta a guard or guide, fr. scorgere to perceive, discern, lead, fr. L. ex out, quite + corrigere to correct, set right. See Correct.]

1. A body of armed men to attend a person of distinction for the sake of affording safety when on a journey; one who conducts some one as an attendant; a guard, as of prisoners on a march; also, a body of persons, attending as a mark of respect or honor; -- applied to movements on land, as convoy is to movements at sea. The troops of my escort marched at the ordinary rate. Burke.

2. Protection, care, or safeguard on a journey or excursion; as, to travel under the escort of a friend.

ESCORT Es*cort", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Escorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Escorting.] Etym: [Cf. F. escorter, It. scortare. See Escort, n.]

Defn: To attend with a view to guard and protect; to accompany as safeguard; to give honorable or ceremonious attendance to; -- used esp. with reference to journeys or excursions on land; as, to escort a public functionary, or a lady; to escort a baggage wagon.

Syn. -- To accompany; attend. See Accompany.

ESCOT Es*cot", n. Etym: [OF.]

Defn: See Scot, a tax. [Obs.]

ESCOT Es*cot", v. t.

Defn: To pay the reckoning for; to support; to maintain. [Obs.] Shak.

ESCOUADE Es`couade", n.

Defn: See Squad,

ESCOUT Es*cout", n.

Defn: See Scout. [Obs.] Hayward.

ESCRIBED Es*cribed", a. Etym: [L. e out, out of + scribere to write.]

Defn: Drawn outside of; -- used to designate a circle that touches one of the sides of a given triangle, and also the other two sides produced.

ESCRIPT Es"cript, n. Etym: [OF.]

Defn: A writing. [Obs.]

ESCRITOIRE Es`cri*toire", n. Etym: [OF. escritoire, F. écritoire, LL. scriptorium, fr. L. scriptorius belonging to writing, fr. sribere to write. See Script, and cf. Scrutoire.]

Defn: A piece of furniture used as a writing table, commonly with drawers, pigeonholes, and the like; a secretary or writing desk.

ESCRITORIAL Es`cri*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an escritoire.

ESCROD Es*crod", n.

Defn: See Scrod, a young cod.

ESCROL; ESCROLL Es*crol", Es*croll", n. Etym: [See Escrow, Scroll.]

1. A scroll. [Obs.]

2. (Her.) (a) A long strip or scroll resembling a ribbon or a band of parchment, or the like, anciently placed above the shield, and supporting the crest. (b) In modern heraldry, a similar ribbon on which the motto is inscribed.

ESCROW Es"crow, n. Etym: [OF. escroe, escroue, a roll of writings, bond. See Scroll.] (Law)

Defn: A deed, bond, or other written engagement, delivered to a third person, to be held by him till some act is done or some condition is performed, and then to be by him delivered to the grantee. Blackstone.

ESCUAGE Es"cu*age (; 48), n. Etym: [OF. escuage, F. écuage, from OF. escu shield, F. écu. See Esquire.] (Feud. Law)

Defn: Service of the shield, a species of knight service by which a tenant was bound to follow his lord to war, at his own charge. It was afterward exchanged for a pecuniary satisfaction. Called also scutage. Blackstone.

ESCULAPIAN Es`cu*la"pi*an, n.

Defn: Æsculapian.

ESCULAPIUS Es`cu*la"pi*us, n.

Defn: Same as Æsculapius.

ESCULENT Es"cu*lent, a. Etym: [L. esculentus, fr. escare to eat, fr. esca food, fr. edere to eat: cf. F. esculent. See Eat.]

Defn: Suitable to be used by man for food; eatable; edible; as, esculent plants; esculent fish. Esculent grain for food. Sir W. Jones. Esculent swallow (Zoöl.), the swallow which makes the edible bird's- nest. See Edible bird's-nest, under Edible.

ESCULENT Es"cu*lent, n.

Defn: Anything that is fit for eating; that which may be safely eaten by man.

ESCULIC Es*cu"lic, a. Etym: [From NL. Aesculus, the generic name of the horse-chestnut, fr. L. aesculus a kind of oak.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, the horse-chestnut; as, esculic acid.

ESCULIN Es*cu"lin, n. Etym: [See Esculic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside obtained from the Æsculus hippocastanum, or horse- chestnut, and characterized by its fine blue fluorescent solutions. [Written also æsculin.]

ESCURIAL Es*cu"ri*al, n. Etym: [Prop. Sp. escorial, i. e., a hill or heap of rubbish, earth, and stones brought out of a mine, fr. escoria dross of metal, L. scoria, fr. Gr. Scoria.]

Defn: A palace and mausoleum of the kinds of Spain, being a vast and wonderful structure about twenty-five miles northwest of Madrid.

Note: The ground plan is said to be in the form of a gridiron, the structure being designed in honor of St. Lawrence, who suffered martyrdom by being broiled on gridiron; but the resemblance is very slight. It is nearly square, inclosing several courts, and has a projecting mass which stands for the handle.

ESCUTCHEON Es*cutch"eon, n. Etym: [OF. escusson, F. écusson, from OF. escu shield, F. écu. See Esquire, Scutcheon.]

1. (Her.)

Defn: The surface, usually a shield, upon which bearings are marshaled and displayed. The surface of the escutcheon is called the field, the upper part is called the chief, and the lower part the base (see Chiff, and Field.). That side of the escutcheon which is on the right hand of the knight who bears the shield on his arm is called dexter, and the other side sinister.

Note: The two sides of an escutcheon are respectively designated as dexter and sinister, as in the cut, and the different parts or points by the following names: A, Dexter chief point; B, Middle chief point; C, Sinister chief point; D, Honor or color point; E, Fesse or heart point; F, Nombrill or navel point; G, Dexter base point; H, Middle base point; I, base point.

2. A marking upon the back of a cow's udder and the space above it (the perineum), formed by the hair growing upward or outward instead of downward. It is esteemed an index of milking qualities. C. L. Flint.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: That part of a vessel's stern on which her name is written. R. H. Dane, Jr.

4. (Carp.)

Defn: A thin metal plate or shield to protect wood, or for ornament, as the shield around a keyhole.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The depression behind the beak of certain bivalves; the ligamental area. Escutcheon of pretense, an escutcheon used in English heraldry to display the arms of the bearer's wife; -- not commonly used unless she an heiress. Cf. Impalement.

ESCUTCHEONED Es*cutch"eoned, a.

Defn: Having an escutcheon; furnished with a coat of arms or ensign. Young.

ESE Ese, n.

Defn: Ease; pleasure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ESEMPLASTIC Es`em*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. Plastic.]

Defn: Shaped into one; tending to, or formative into, unity. [R.] Coleridge.

ESERINE Es"er*ine (; 104), n. Etym: [From native name of the Calabar bean: cf. F. ésérine.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid found in the Calabar bean, and the seed of Physostigma venenosum; physostigmine. It is used in ophthalmic surgery for its effect in contracting the pupil.

ESEXUAL E*sex"u*al, a. Etym: [Pref. e- + sexual.] (Biol.)

Defn: Sexless; asexual.

ESGUARD Es*guard", n. Etym: [Cf. OF. esgart regard, F. égard. See Guard.]

Defn: Guard. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

ESKAR; ESKER Es"kar, or Es"ker, n. (Geol.)

Defn: See Eschar.

ESKIMO Es"ki*mo, n.; pl. Eskimos. Etym: [Originally applied by the Algonquins to the Northern Indians, and meaning eaters of raw flesh.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: One of a peculiar race inhabiting Arctic America and Greenland. In many respects the Eskimos resemble the Mongolian race. [Written also Esquimau.] Eskimo dog (Zoöl.), one of breed of large and powerful dogs used by the Eskimos to draw sledges. It closely resembles the gray wolf, with which it is often crossed.

ESLOIN Es*loin", v. t. Etym: [See Eloign.]

Defn: To remove; to banish; to withdraw; to avoid; to eloign. [Obs.] From worldly cares he did himself esloin. Spenser.

ESNECY Es"ne*cy, n. Etym: [See Eigne.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: A prerogative given to the eldest coparcener to choose first after an inheritance is divide. Mozley & W.

ESODIC E*sod"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Conveying impressions from the surface of the body to the spinal cord; -- said of certain nerves. Opposed to exodic.

ESOPHAGAL E*soph"a*gal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Esophageal.

ESOPHAGEAL E`so*phag"e*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the esophagus. [Written also .]

ESOPHAGEAN E`so*phag"e*an, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Esophageal.

ESOPHAGOTOMY E*soph`a*got"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of making an incision into the esophagus, for the purpose of removing any foreign substance that obstructs the passage. [Written also oesophagotomy.]

ESOPHAGUS E*soph"a*gus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. vi to go, drive) + (Anat.)

Defn: That part of the alimentary canal between the pharynx and the stomach; the gullet. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus, under Digestive. [Written also .]

ESOPIAN; ESOPIC E*so"pi*an, E*so"pic, a.

Defn: Same as Æsopian, Æsopic.

ESOTERIC Es`o*ter"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. In.]

Defn: Designed for, and understood by, the specially initiated alone; not communicated, or not intelligible, to the general body of followers; private; interior; acroamatic; -- said of the private and more recondite instructions and doctrines of philosophers. Opposed to exoteric. Enough if every age produce two or three critics of this esoteric class, with here and there a reader to understand them. De Quincey.

ESOTERICAL Es`o*ter"ic*al, a.

Defn: Esoteric.

ESOTERICALLY Es`o*ter"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an esoteric manner.

ESOTERICISM Es`o*ter"i*cism, n.

Defn: Esoteric doctrine or principles.

ESOTERICS Es`o*ter"ics, n.

Defn: Mysterious or hidden doctrines; secret science.

ESOTERY Es"o*ter*y, n.

Defn: Mystery; esoterics; -- opposed to exotery. A. Tucker.

ESOX E"sox, n. Etym: [L., a kind of pike.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fresh-water fishes, including pike and pickerel.

ESPACE Es*pace", n.

Defn: Space. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ESPADON Es"pa*don, n. Etym: [F. espadon, fr. Sp. espadon, fr. espada sword; or fr. It. spadone an espadon, spada sword.]

Defn: A long, heavy, two-handed and two-edged sword, formerly used by Spanish foot soldiers and by executioners. Wilhelm.

ESPALIER Es*pal"ier, n. Etym: [F. espalier, fr. It. spalliera, fr. spalla shoulder, the same word as F. épaule. See Epaulet.] (Hort.)

Defn: A railing or trellis upon which fruit trees or shrubs are trained, as upon a wall; a tree or row of trees so trained. And figs from standard and espalier join. Pope.

ESPALIER Es*pal"ier, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Espaliered; p. pr. & vb. n. Espaliering.]

Defn: To form an espalier of, or to protect by an espalier.

ESPARCET Es*par"cet, n. Etym: [F. esparcet, esparcette, éparcet, fr. Sp. esparceta, esparcilla.] (Bot.)

Defn: The common sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa), an Old World leguminous forage plant.

ESPARTO Es*par"to, n. Etym: [Sp.; cf. L. spartum Spanish broom, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of Spanish grass (Macrochloa tenacissima), of which cordage, shoes, baskets, etc., are made. It is also used for making paper.

ESPAULIERE Es`pau`liere", n. Etym: [OF. & F. épaulière. See Espalier.]

Defn: A defense for the shoulder, composed of flexible overlapping plates of metal, used in the 15th century; -- the origin of the modern epaulette. Fairholt.

ESPECIAL Es*pe"cial, a. Etym: [OF. especial, F. spécial, L. specialis, fr. species a particular sort, kind, or quality. See Species, and cf. Special.]

Defn: Distinguished among others of the same class or kind; special; concerning a species or a single object; principal; particular; as, in an especial manner or degree.

Syn. -- Peculiar; special; particular; uncommon; chief. See Peculiar.

ESPECIALLY Es*pe"cial*ly, adv.

Defn: In an especial manner; chiefly; particularly; peculiarly; in an uncommon degree.

ESPECIALNESS Es*pe"cial*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being especial.

ESPERANCE Es"pe*rance, n. Etym: [F. espérance, fr. L. sperans, p. pr. of sperare to hope.]

Defn: Hope. [Obs.] Shak.

ESPERANTO Es`pe*ran"to, n.

Defn: An artificial language, intended to be universal, devised by Dr. Zamenhof, a Russian, who adopted the pseudonym "Dr. Esperanto" in publishing his first pamphlet regarding it in 1887. The vocabulary is very largely based upon words common to the chief European languages, and sounds peculiar to any one language are eliminated. The spelling is phonetic, and the accent (stress) is always on the penult. -- Es`pe*ran"tist (#), n.

ESPIAILLE Es`pi*aille", n.

Defn: Espial. [Obs.]

ESPIAL Es*pi"al, n. Etym: [OE. & Norm. F. espiaille. See Espy.]

1. The act of espying; notice; discovery. Screened from espial by the jutting cape. Byron.

2. One who espies; a spy; a scout. [Obs.] "Their espials . . . brought word." Holland.

ESPIER Es*pi"er, n.

Defn: One who espies. Harmar.

ESPINEL Es"pi*nel, n.

Defn: A kind of ruby. See Spinel.

ESPIONAGE Es"pi*o*nage, n. Etym: [F. espionnage, fr. espionner to spy, fr. espion spy, OF. espie. See Espy.]

Defn: The practice or employment of spies; the practice of watching the words and conduct of others, to make discoveries, as spies or secret emissaries; secret watching.

ESPLANADE Es`pla*nade", n. Etym: [F. esplanade, Sp. esplanada, explanada, cf. It. spianata; fr. Sp. explanar to level, L. explanare to flatten or spread out. See Explain.]

1. (Fort.) (a) A clear space between a citadel and the nearest houses of the town. Campbell (Mil. Dict. ). (b) The glacis of the counterscarp, or the slope of the parapet of the covered way toward the country.

2. (Hort.)

Defn: A grass plat; a lawn. Simmonds.

3. Any clear, level space used for public walks or drives; esp., a terrace by the seaside.

ESPLEES Es*plees", n. pl. Etym: [LL. expletia, OF. espleit. Cf. Exploit.] (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: The full profits or products which ground or land yields, as the hay of the meadows, the feed of the pasture, the grain of arable fields, the rents, services, and the like. Cowell.

ESPOUSAGE Es*pous"age, n.

Defn: Espousal. [Obs.] Latimer.

ESPOUSAL Es*pous"al, n. Etym: [OF. espousailles, pl., F. épousailles, L. sponsalia, fr. sponsalis belonging to betrothal or espousal. See Espouse, and cf. Sponsal, Spousal.]

1. The act of espousing or betrothing; especially, in the plural, betrothal; plighting of the troths; a contract of marriage; sometimes, the marriage ceremony.

2. The uniting or allying one's self with anything; maintenance; adoption; as, the espousal of a quarrel. The open espousal of his cause. Lord Orford.

ESPOUSE Es*pouse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Espoused; p. pr. & vb. n. Espousing.] Etym: [OF. espouser, esposer, F. épouser, L. sponsare to betroth, espouse, fr. sponsus betrothed, p. p. of spondere to promise solemnly or sacredly. Cf. Spouse.]

1. To betroth; to promise in marriage; to give as spouse. A virgin espoused to a man whose name was Joseph. Luke i. 27.

2. To take as spouse; to take to wife; to marry. Lavinia will I make my empress, . . . And in the sacred Pantheon her espouse. Shak.

3. To take to one's self with a view to maintain; to make one's own; to take up the cause of; to adopt; to embrace. "He espoused that quarrel." Bacon. Promised faithfully to espouse his cause as soon as he got out of the war. Bp. Burnet.

ESPOUSEMENT Es*pouse"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. espousement.]

Defn: The act of espousing, or the state of being espoused.

ESPOUSER Es*pous"er, n.

Defn: One who espouses; one who embraces the cause of another or makes it his own.

ESPRESSIVO Es`pres*si"vo, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: With expression.

ESPRINGAL Es*prin"gal, n. Etym: [See Springal.] (Mil. Antiq.)

Defn: An engine of war used for throwing viretons, large stones, and other missiles; a springal.

ESPRIT Es`prit", n. Etym: [F. See Spirit.]

Defn: Spirit. Esprit de corps (, a French phrase much used by English writers to denote the common spirit pervading the members of a body or association of persons. It implies sympathy, enthusiasm, devotion, and jealous regard for the honor of the body as a whole.

ESPY Es*py", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Espied; p. pr. & vb. n. Espying.] Etym: [OF. espier, F. épier, from OHG. speh to watch, spy, G. spähen; akin to L. specere to look, species sight, shape, appearance, kind. See Spice, Spy, and cf. Espionage.]

1. To catch sight of; to perceive with the eyes; to discover, as a distant object partly concealed, or not obvious to notice; to see at a glance; to discern unexpectedly; to spy; as, to espy land; to espy a man in a crowd. As one of them opened his sack to give his ass provender in the inn, . . . he espied his money. Gen. xlii. 27. A goodly vessel did I then espy Come like a giant from a haven broad. Wordsworth.

2. To inspect narrowly; to examine and keep watch upon; to watch; to observe. He sends angels to espy us in all our ways. Jer. Taylor.

Syn. -- To discern; discover; detect; descry; spy.

ESPY Es*py", v. i.

Defn: To look or search narrowly; to look about; to watch; to take notice; to spy. Stand by the way, and espy. Jer. xlviii. 19.

ESPY Es*py", n.; pl. Espies. Etym: [OF. espie. See Espy, v., Spy.]

Defn: A spy; a scout. [Obs.] Huloet.

-ESQUE -esque. Etym: [F., fr. It. -isco. Cf. -ish.]

Defn: A suffix of certain words from the French, Italian, and Spanish. It denotes manner or style; like; as, arabesque, after the manner of the Arabs.

ESQUIMAU Es"qui*mau, n.; pl. Esquimaux. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Same as Eskimo. It is . . . an error to suppose that where an Esquimau can live, a civilized man can live also. McClintock.

ESQUIRE Es*quire", n. Etym: [OF. escuyer, escuier, properly, a shield-bearer, F. écuyer shield-bearer, armor-bearer, squire of a knight, esquire, equerry, rider, horseman, LL. scutarius shield-bearer, fr. L. scutum shield, akin to Gr. to cover; prob. akin to E. hide to cover. See Hide to cover, and cf. Equerry, Escutcheon.]

Defn: Originally, a shield-bearer or armor-bearer, an attendant on a knight; in modern times, a title of dignity next in degree below knight and above gentleman; also, a title of office and courtesy; -- often shortened to squire.

Note: In England, the title of esquire belongs by right of birth to the eldest sons of knights and their eldest sons in perpetual succession; to the eldest sons of younger sons of peers and their eldest sons in perpetual succession. It is also given to sheriffs, to justices of the peace while in commission, to those who bear special office in the royal household, to counselors at law, bachelors of divinity, law, or physic, and to others. In the United States the title is commonly given in courtesy to lawyers and justices of the peace, and is often used in the superscription of letters instead of Mr.

ESQUIRE Es*quire", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Esquired; p. pr. & vb. n. Esquiring.]

Defn: To wait on as an esquire or attendant in public; to attend. [Colloq.]

ESQUISSE Es`quisse", n. Etym: [F. See Sketch.] (Fine Arts)

Defn: The first sketch of a picture or model of a statue.

-ESS -ess. Etym: [OF. -esse, LL. -issa, Gr.

Defn: A suffix used to form feminine nouns; as, actress, deaconess, songstress.

ESSAY Es"say, n.; pl. Essays. Etym: [F. essai, fr. L. exagium a weighing, weight, balance; ex out + agere to drive, do; cf. examen, exagmen, a means of weighing, a weighing, the tongue of a balance, exigere to drive out, examine, weigh, Gr. 'exa`gion a weight, 'exagia`zein to examine, 'exa`gein to drive out, export. See Agent, and cf. Exact, Examine, Assay.]

1. An effort made, or exertion of body or mind, for the performance of anything; a trial; attempt; as, to make an essay to benefit a friend. "The essay at organization." M. Arnold.

2. (Lit.)

Defn: A composition treating of any particular subject; -- usually shorter and less methodical than a formal, finished treatise; as, an essay on the life and writings of Homer; an essay on fossils, or on commerce.

3. An assay. See Assay, n. [Obs.]

Syn. -- Attempt; trial; endeavor; effort; tract; treatise; dissertation; disquisition.

ESSAY Es*say", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Essayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Essaying.] Etym: [F. essayer. See Essay, n.]

1. To exert one's power or faculties upon; to make an effort to perform; to attempt; to endeavor; to make experiment or trial of; to try. What marvel if I thus essay to sing Byron. Essaying nothing she can not perform. Emerson. A danger lest the young enthusiast . . . should essay the impossible. J. C. Shairp.

2. To test the value and purity of (metals); to assay. See Assay. [Obs.] Locke.

ESSAYER Es*say"er, n.

Defn: One who essays. Addison.

ESSAYIST Es"say*ist, n.

Defn: A writer of an essay, or of essays. B. Jonson.

ESSENCE Es"sence, n. Etym: [F. essence, L. essentia, formed as if fr. a p. pr. of esse to be. See Is, and cf. Entity.]

1. The constituent elementary notions which constitute a complex notion, and must be enumerated to define it; sometimes called the nominal essence.

2. The constituent quality or qualities which belong to any object, or class of objects, or on which they depend for being what they are (distinguished as real essence); the real being, divested of all logical accidents; that quality which constitutes or marks the true nature of anything; distinctive character; hence, virtue or quality of a thing, separated from its grosser parts. The laws are at present, both in form and essence, the greatest curse that society labors under. Landor. Gifts and alms are the expressions, not the essence of this virtue [charity]. Addison. The essence of Addison's humor is irony. Courthope.

3. Constituent substance. And uncompounded is their essence pure. Milton.

4. A being; esp., a purely spiritual being. As far as gods and heavenly essences Can perish. Milton. He had been indulging in fanciful speculations on spiritual essences, until . . . he had and ideal world of his own around him. W. Irving.

5. The predominant qualities or virtues of a plant or drug, extracted and refined from grosser matter; or, more strictly, the solution in spirits of wine of a volatile or essential oil; as, the essence of mint, and the like. The . . . word essence . . . scarcely underwent a more complete transformation when from being the abstract of the verb "to be," it came to denote something sufficiently concrete to be inclosed in a glass bottle. J. S. Mill.

6. Perfume; odor; scent; or the volatile matter constituting perfume. Nor let the essences exhale. Pope.

ESSENCE Es"sence, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Essenced; p. pr. & vb. n. Essencing.]

Defn: To perfume; to scent. "Essenced fops." Addison.

ESSENE Es*sene", n.; pl. Essenes. Etym: [Gr. asaya to heal, cf. Heb. asa.]

Defn: One of a sect among the Jews in the time of our Savior, remarkable for their strictness and abstinence.

ESSENISM Es"se*nism, n.

Defn: The doctrine or the practices of the Essenes. De Quincey.

ESSENTIAL Es*sen"tial, a. Etym: [Cf. F. essentiel. See Essence.]

1. Belonging to the essence, or that which makes an object, or class of objects, what it is. Majestic as the voice sometimes became, there was forever in it an essential character of plaintiveness. Hawthorne.

2. Hence, really existing; existent. Is it true, that thou art but a a name, And no essential thing Webster (1623).

3. Important in the highest degree; indispensable to the attainment of an object; indispensably necessary. Judgment's more essential to a general Than courage. Denham. How to live -- that is the essential question for us. H. Spencer.

4. Containing the essence or characteristic portion of a substance, as of a plant; highly rectified; pure; hence, unmixed; as, an essential oil. "Mine own essential horror." Ford.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: Necessary; indispensable; -- said of those tones which constitute a chord, in distinction from ornamental or passing tones.

6. (Med.)

Defn: Idiopathic; independent of other diseases. Essential character (Biol.), the prominent characteristics which serve to distinguish one genus, species, etc., from another. -- Essential disease, Essential fever (Med.), one that is not dependent on another. -- Essential oils (Chem.), a class of volatile oils, extracted from plants, fruits, or flowers, having each its characteristic odor, and hot burning taste. They are used in essences, perfumery, etc., and include many varieties of compounds; as lemon oil is a terpene, oil of bitter almonds an aldehyde, oil of wintergreen an ethereal salt, etc.; -- called also volatile oils in distinction from the fixed or nonvolatile.

ESSENTIAL Es*sen"tial, n.

1. Existence; being. [Obs.] Milton.

2. That which is essential; first or constituent principle; as, the essentials or religion.

ESSENTIALITY Es*sen`ti*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being essential; the essential part. Jer. Taylor.

ESSENTIALLY Es*sen"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: In an essential manner or degree; in an indispensable degree; really; as, essentially different.

ESSENTIALNESS Es*sen"tial*ness, n.

Defn: Essentiality. Ld. Digby.

ESSENTIATE Es*sen"ti*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Essentiated; p. pr. & vb. n. Essentiating.]

Defn: To form or constitute the essence or being of. [Obs.] Boyle.

ESSENTIATE Es*sen"ti*ate, v. i.

Defn: To become assimilated; to be changed into the essence. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

ESSOIN; ESSOIGN Es*soin" or Es*soign, n. Etym: [OF. essoine, essoigne, F. exoine, L. essonia, exonia; pref. ex- (L. ex from) + sunnis, sunnia, sonia, hindrance, excuse. Cf. Icel. syn refusal, synja to deny, refuse, Goth. sunja truth, sunjon to justify, OS. sunnea impediment, OHG. sunna.]

1. (Eng. Law)

Defn: An excuse for not appearing in court at the return of process; the allegation of an excuse to the court.

2. Excuse; exemption. [Obs.] From every work he challenged essoin. Spenser. Essoin day (Eng. Law), the first general return day of the term, on which the court sits to receive essoins. Blackstone.

ESSOIN Es*soin", v. t. Etym: [OF. essoinier, essoignier, essonier, LL. essoniare, exoniare. See Essoin, n.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: To excuse for nonappearance in court. "I 'll not essoin thee." Quarles.

ESSOINER Es*soin"er, n. (Eng. Law)

Defn: An attorney who sufficiently excuses the absence of another.

ESSONITE Es"so*nite, n. Etym: [Named from Gr. e. g., hyacinth.] (Min.)

Defn: Cinnamon stone, a variety of garnet. See Garnet.

ESSORANT Es"so*rant, a. Etym: [F.] (Her.)

Defn: Standing, but with the wings spread, as if about to fly; -- said of a bird borne as a charge on an escutcheon.

EST Est, n. & adv.

Defn: East. [Obs.] Chaucer.

-EST -est. Etym: [AS. -ost, -est; akin to G. -est, -ist, Icel. -astr, - str, Goth. -ists, -, Skr. -ish.]

Defn: A suffix used to form the superlative of adjectives and adverbs; as, smoothest; earl(y)iest.

ESTABLISH Es*tab"lish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Established; p. pr. & vb. n. Establishing.] Etym: [OE. establissen, OF. establir, F. établir, fr. L. stabilire, fr. stabilis firm, steady, stable. See Stable, a., - ish, and cf. Stablish.]

1. To make stable or firm; to fix immovably or firmly; to set (a thing) in a place and make it stable there; to settle; to confirm. So were the churches established in the faith. Acts xvi. 5. The best established tempers can scarcely forbear being borne down. Burke. Confidence which must precede union could be established only by consummate prudence and self-control. Bancroft.

2. To appoint or constitute for permanence, as officers, laws, regulations, etc.; to enact; to ordain. By the consent of all, we were established The people's magistrates. Shak. Now, O king, establish the decree, and sign the writing, that it be not changed. Dan. vi. 8.

3. To originate and secure the permanent existence of; to found; to institute; to create and regulate; -- said of a colony, a state, or other institutions. He hath established it [the earth], he created it not in vain, he formed it to be inhabited. Is. xlv. 18. Woe to him that buildeth a town with blood, and establisheth a city by iniquity! Hab. ii. 12.

4. To secure public recognition in favor of; to prove and cause to be accepted as true; as, to establish a fact, usage, principle, opinion, doctrine, etc. At the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses, shall the matter be established. Deut. xix. 15.

5. To set up in business; to place advantageously in a fixed condition; -- used reflexively; as, he established himself in a place; the enemy established themselves in the citadel.

ESTABLISHED SUIT Es*tab"lished suit. (Whist)

Defn: A plain suit in which a player (or side) could, except for trumping, take tricks with all his remaining cards.

ESTABLISHER Es*tab"lish*er, n.

Defn: One who establishes.

ESTABLISHMENT Es*tab"lish*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. establissement, F. établissement.]

1. The act of establishing; a ratifying or ordaining; settlement; confirmation.

2. The state of being established, founded, and the like; fixed state.

3. That which is established; as: (a) A form of government, civil or ecclesiastical; especially, a system of religion maintained by the civil power; as, the Episcopal establishment of England. (b) A permanent civil, military, or commercial, force or organization. (c) The place in which one is permanently fixed for residence or business; residence, including grounds, furniture, equipage, etc.; with which one is fitted out; also, any office or place of business, with its fixtures; that which serves for the carrying on of a business; as, to keep up a large establishment; a manufacturing establishment. Exposing the shabby parts of the establishment. W. Irving. Establishment of the port (Hydrography), a datum on which the tides are computed at the given port, obtained by observation, viz., the interval between the moon's passage over the meridian and the time of high water at the port, on the days of new and full moon.

ESTABLISHMENTARIAN Es*tab`lish*men*ta"ri*an, n.

Defn: One who regards the Church primarily as an establishment formed by the State, and overlooks its intrinsic spiritual character. Shipley.

ESTACADE Es`ta*cade", n. Etym: [F.; cf. It. steccata, Sp. estacada. Cf. Stake.] (Mil.)

Defn: A dike of piles in the sea, a river, etc., to check the approach of an enemy.

ESTAFET; ESTAFETTE Es`ta*fet", Es`ta*fette", n. Etym: [F. estafette, cf. Sp. estafeta; fr. It. stafetta, fr. staffa stirrup, fr. OHG. stapho footstep, footprint, G. stapfe; akin to E. step.]

Defn: A courier who conveys messages to another courier; a military courier sent from one part of an army to another.

ESTAMINET Es`ta`mi`net", n. [F.]

Defn: A café, or room in a café, in which smoking is allowed.

ESTANCIA Es*tan"ci*a, n. Etym: [Sp. See Stanza.]

Defn: A grazing; a country house. [Spanish America]

ESTATE Es*tate", n. Etym: [OF. estat, F. état, L. status, fr. stare to stand. See Stand, and cf. State.]

1. Settled condition or form of existence; state; condition or circumstances of life or of any person; situation. "When I came to man's estate." Shak. Mind not high things, but condescend to men of low estate. Romans xii. 16.

2. Social standing or rank; quality; dignity. God hath imprinted his authority in several parts, upon several estates of men. Jer. Taylor.

3. A person of high rank. [Obs.] She's a duchess, a great estate. Latimer. Herod on his birthday made a supper to his lords, high captains, and chief estates of Galilee. Mark vi. 21.

4. A property which a person possesses; a fortune; possessions, esp. property in land; also, property of all kinds which a person leaves to be divided at his death. See what a vast estate he left his son. Dryden.

5. The state; the general body politic; the common-wealth; the general interest; state affairs. [Obs.] I call matters of estate not only the parts of sovereignty, but whatsoever . . . concerneth manifestly any great portion of people. Bacon.

6. pl.

Defn: The great classes or orders of a community or state (as the clergy, the nobility, and the commonalty of England) or their representatives who administer the government; as, the estates of the realm (England), which are (1) the lords spiritual, (2) the lords temporal, (3) the commons.

7. (Law)

Defn: The degree, quality, nature, and extent of one's interest in, or ownership of, lands, tenements, etc.; as, an estate for life, for years, at will, etc. Abbott. The fourth estate, a name often given to the public press.

ESTATE Es*tate", v. t.

1. To establish. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. Tom settle as a fortune. [Archaic] Shak.

3. To endow with an estate. [Archaic] Then would I . . . Estate them with large land and territory. Tennyson.

ESTATLICH; ESTATLY Es*tat"lich, Es"tat*ly, a. Etym: [OE.]

Defn: Stately; dignified. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ESTEEM Es*teem", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Esteemed; p. pr. & vb. n. Esteeming.] Etym: [F. estimer, L. aestimare, aestumare, to value, estimate; perh. akin to Skr. ish to seek, strive, and E. ask. Cf. Aim, Estimate.]

1. To set a value on; to appreciate the worth of; to estimate; to value; to reckon. Then he forsook God, which made him, and lightly esteemed the Rock of his salvation. Deut. xxxii. 15. Thou shouldst (gentle reader) esteem his censure and authority to be of the more weighty credence. Bp. Gardiner. Famous men, -- whose scientific attainments were esteemed hardly less than supernatural. Hawthorne.

2. To set a high value on; to prize; to regard with reverence, respect, or friendship. Will he esteem thy riches Job xxxvi. 19. You talk kindlier: we esteem you for it. Tennyson.

Syn. -- To estimate; appreciate; regard; prize; value; respect; revere. See Appreciate, Estimate.

ESTEEM Es*teem", v. i.

Defn: To form an estimate; to have regard to the value; to consider. [Obs.] We ourselves esteem not of that obedience, or love, or gift, which is of force. Milton.

ESTEEM Es*teem", n. Etym: [Cf. F. estime. See Esteem, v. t.]

1. Estimation; opinion of merit or value; hence, valuation; reckoning; price. Most dear in the esteem And poor in worth! Shak. I will deliver you, in ready coin, The full and dear'st esteem of what you crave. J. Webster.

2. High estimation or value; great regard; favorable opinion, founded on supposed worth. Nor should thy prowess want praise and esteem. Shak.

Syn. -- See Estimate, n.

ESTEEMABLE Es*teem"a*ble, a.

Defn: Worthy of esteem; estimable. [R.] "Esteemable qualities." Pope.

ESTEEMER Es*teem"er, n.

Defn: One who esteems; one who sets a high value on any thing. The proudest esteemer of his own parts. Locke.

ESTER Es"ter, n. Etym: [A word invented by L. Gmelin, a German chemist.] (Chem.)

Defn: An ethereal salt, or compound ether, consisting of an organic radical united with the residue of any oxygen acid, organic or inorganic; thus the natural fats are esters of glycerin and the fatty acids, oleic, etc.

ESTHESIOMETER Es*the`si*om"e*ter, n.

Defn: Same as Æsthesiometer.

ESTHETE; ESTHETIC; ESTHETICAL; ESTHETICS Es"thete, n.; Es*thet"ic (, a., Es*thet"ic*al (, a., Es*thet"ics (, n. etc.

Defn: Same as Æsthete, Æsthetic, Æsthetical, Æsthetics, etc.

ESTIFEROUS Es*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. aestifer; aestus fire + ferre to bear.]

Defn: Producing heat. [R.] Smart.

ESTIMABLE Es"ti*ma*ble, a. Etym: [F. estimable, or L. aestimabilis. See Esteem.]

1. Capable of being estimated or valued; as, estimable damage. Paley. .

2. Valuable; worth a great price. [R.] A pound of man's flesh, taken from a man, Is not so estimable, profitable neither, As flesh of muttons, beefs, or goats. Shak.

3. Worth of esteem or respect; deserving our good opinion or regard. A lady said of her two companions, that one was more amiable, the other more estimable. Sir W. Temple.

ESTIMABLE Es"ti*ma*ble, n.

Defn: A thing worthy of regard. [R.] One of the peculiar estimables of her country. Sir T. Browne.

ESTIMABLENESS Es"ti*ma*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of deserving esteem or regard.

ESTIMABLY Es"ti*ma*bly, adv.

Defn: In an estimable manner.

ESTIMATE Es"ti*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Estimated; p. pr. & vb. n. Estimating.] Etym: [L. aestimatus, p. p. of aestimare. See Esteem, v. t.]

1. To judge and form an opinion of the value of, from imperfect data, -- either the extrinsic (money), or intrinsic (moral), value; to fix the worth of roughly or in a general way; as, to estimate the value of goods or land; to estimate the worth or talents of a person. It is by the weight of silver, and not the name of the piece, that men estimate commodities and exchange them. Locke. It is always very difficult to estimate the age in which you are living. J. C. Shairp.

2. To from an opinion of, as to amount,, number, etc., from imperfect data, comparison, or experience; to make an estimate of; to calculate roughly; to rate; as, to estimate the cost of a trip, the number of feet in a piece of land.

Syn. -- To appreciate; value; appraise; prize; rate; esteem; count; calculate; number. -- To Estimate, Esteem. Both these words imply an exercise of the judgment. Estimate has reference especially to the external relations of things, such as amount, magnitude, importance, etc. It usually involves computation or calculation; as, to estimate the loss or gain of an enterprise. Esteem has reference to the intrinsic or moral worth of a person or thing. Thus, we esteem a man for his kindness, or his uniform integrity. In this sense it implies a mingled sentiment of respect and attachment. We esteem it an honor to live in a free country. See Appreciate.

ESTIMATE Es"ti*mate, n.

Defn: A valuing or rating by the mind, without actually measuring, weighing, or the like; rough or approximate calculation; as, an estimate of the cost of a building, or of the quantity of water in a pond. Weigh success in a moral balance, and our whole estimate is changed. J. C. Shairp.

Syn. -- Estimate, Estimation, Esteem. The noun estimate, like its verb, supposes chiefly an exercise of judgment in determining the amount, importance, or magnitude of things, with their other exterior relations; as, an estimate of expenses incurred; a true estimate of life, etc. Esteem is a moral sentiment made up of respect and attachment, -- the valuation of a person as possessing useful qualities or real worth. Thus we speak of the esteem of the wise and good as a thing greatly to be desired. Estimation seems to waver between the two. In our version of the Scriptures it is used simply for estimate; as, "If he be poorer than thy estimation." Lev. xxvii. 8. In other cases, it verges toward esteem; as, "I know him to be of worth and worthy estimation." Shak. It will probably settle down at last on this latter sense. "Esteem is the value we place upon some degree of worth. It is higher than simple approbation, which is a decision of judgment. It is the commencement of affection." Gogan. No; dear as freedom is, and in my heart's Just estimation prized above all price. Cowper.

ESTIMATION Es`ti*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. aestimatio, fr. aestimare: cf. F. estimation. See Esteem, v. t.]

1. The act of estimating. Shak.

2. An opinion or judgment of the worth, extent, or quantity of anything, formed without using precise data; valuation; as, estimations of distance, magnitude, amount, or moral qualities. If he be poorer that thy estimation, then he shall present himself before the priest, and the priest, and the priest shall value him. Lev. xxvii. 8.

3. Favorable opinion; esteem; regard; honor. I shall have estimation among multitude, and honor with the elders. Wisdom viii. 10.

4. Supposition; conjecture. I speak not this in estimation, As what I think might be, but what I know. Shak.

Syn. -- Estimate; calculation; computation; appraisement; esteem; honor; regard. See Estimate, n.

ESTIMATIVE Es"ti*ma*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. estimatif.]

1. Inclined, or able, to estimate; serving for, or capable of being used in, estimating. We find in animals an estimative or judicial faculty. Sir M. Hale.

2. Pertaining to an estimate. [R.]

ESTIMATOR Es"ti*ma`tor, n. Etym: [L. aestimator.]

Defn: One who estimates or values; a valuer. Jer. Taylor.

ESTIVAL; ESTIVATE; ESTIVATION Es"ti*val, a., Es"ti*vate , v. i., Es`ti*va"tion , n.

Defn: Same as Æstival, Æstivate, etc.

ESTOILE Es`toile", n. Etym: [OF.] (Her.)

Defn: A six-pointed star whose rays are wavy, instead of straight like those of a mullet. [Written also étoile.] Estoile of eight points, a star which has four straight and four wavy rays. -- Estoile of four points. Same as Cross estoilé, under Cross.

ESTOP Es*top", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Estophed; p. pr. & vb. n. Estopping.] Etym: [OF. estoper to stop, plug, close, F. étouper, LL. stuppare to close with tow, obstruct, fr. L. stuppa tow, oakum, cf. Gr. Stop.] (Law)

Defn: To impede or bar by estoppel. A party will be estopped by his admissions, where his intent is to influence another, or derive an advantage to himself. Abbott.

ESTOPPEL Es*top"pel, n. Etym: [From Estop.] (Law) (a) A stop; an obstruction or bar to one's alleging or denying a fact contrary to his own previous action, allegation, or denial; an admission, by words or conduct, which induces another to purchase rights, against which the party making such admission can not take a position inconsistent with the admission. (b) The agency by which the law excludes evidence to dispute certain admissions, which the policy of the law treats as indisputable. Wharton. Stephen. Burrill.

ESTOVERS Es*to"vers, n. pl. Etym: [OF. estoveir, estovoir, necessary, necessity, need, prop. an infin. meaning to suit, be fit, be necessary. See Stover.] (Law)

Defn: Necessaries or supples; an allowance to a person out of an estate or other thing for support; as of wood to a tenant for life, etc., of sustenance to a man confined for felony of his estate, or alimony to a woman divorced out of her husband's estate. Blackstone. Common of estovers. See under Common, n.

ESTRADE Es`trade", n. Etym: [F., fr. Sp. estrado, orig., a carpet on the floor of a room, also, a carpeted platform, fr. L. stratum bed covering. See Stratum.] (Arch.)

Defn: A portion of the floor of a room raised above the general level, as a place for a bed or a throne; a platform; a dais. He [the teacher] himself should have his desk on a mounted estrade or platform. J. G. Fitch.

ESTRAMACON Es`tra`ma`con", n. Etym: [F.]

1. A straight, heavy sword with two edges, used in the 16th and 17th centuries.

2. A blow with edge of a sword. Farrow.

ESTRANGE Es*trange", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Estranged; p. pr. & vb. n. Estranging.] Etym: [OF. estrangier to remove, F. étranger, L. extraneare to treat as a stranger, from extraneus strange. See Strange.]

1. To withdraw; to withhold; hence, reflexively, to keep at a distance; to cease to be familiar and friendly with. We must estrange our belief from everything which is not clearly and distinctly evidenced. Glanvill. Had we . . . estranged ourselves from them in things indifferent. Hooker.

2. To divert from its original use or purpose, or from its former possessor; to alienate. They . . . have estranged this place, and have burned incense in it unto other gods. Jer. xix. 4.

3. To alienate the affections or confidence of; to turn from attachment to enmity or indifference. I do not know, to this hour, what it is that has estranged him from me. Pope. He . . . had pretended to be estranged from the Whigs, and had promised to act as a spy upon them. Macaulay.

ESTRANGEDNESS Es*tran"ged*ness, n.

Defn: State of being estranged; estrangement. Prynne.

ESTRANGEMENT Es*trange"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. estrangement.]

Defn: The act of estranging, or the state of being estranged; alienation. An estrangement from God. J. C. Shairp. A long estrangement from better things. South.

ESTRANGER Es*tran"ger, n.

Defn: One who estranges.

ESTRANGLE Es*tran"gle, v. t.

Defn: To strangle. [Obs.]

ESTRAPADE Es`tra*pade", n. Etym: [F.] (Man.)

Defn: The action of a horse, when, to get rid of his rider, he rears, plunges, and kicks furiously.

ESTRAY Es*tray", v. i.

Defn: To stray. [Obs.] Daniel.

ESTRAY Es*tray" n. (Law)

Defn: Any valuable animal, not wild, found wandering from its owner; a stray. Burrill.

ESTRE Es"tre, n. Etym: [OF. estre state, plan.]

Defn: The inward part of a building; the interior. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ESTREAT Es*treat", n. Etym: [OF. estraite, prop., an extract, fr. p. p. of estraire to extract, F. extraire, fr. L.extrahere. See Extract.] (Law)

Defn: A true copy, duplicate, or extract of an original writing or record, esp. of amercements or penalties set down in the rolls of court to be levied by the bailiff, or other officer. Cowell. Estreat of a recognizance, the extracting or taking out a forfeited recognizance from among the other records of the court, for the purpose of a prosecution in another court, or it may be in the same court. Burrill.

ESTREAT Es*treat", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Estreated; p. pr. & vb. n. Estreating.] (Law) (a) To extract or take out from the records of a court, and send up to the court of exchequer to be enforced; -- said of a forfeited recognizance. (b) To bring in to the exchequer, as a fine.

ESTREPE Es*trepe", v. t. Etym: [OF. estreper.] (Law)

Defn: To strip or lay bare, as land of wood, houses, etc.; to commit waste.

ESTREPEMENT Es*trepe"ment, n. Etym: [OF., damage, waste.] (Law)

Defn: A destructive kind of waste, committed by a tenant for life, in lands, woods, or houses. Cowell.

ESTRICH Es"trich, n.

1. Ostrich. [Obs.] Massinger.

2. (Com.)

Defn: The down of the ostrich. Brande & C.

ESTUANCE Es"tu*ance, n. Etym: [From L. aestuans, p. pr. of aestuare. See Estuate.]

Defn: Heat. [Obs.]

ESTUARINE Es"tu*a*rine, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an estuary; estuary.

ESTUARY Es"tu*a*ry, n.; pl. Estuaries. Etym: [L. aestuarium, from aestuare to surge. See Estuate.] [Written also æstuary.]

1. A place where water boils up; a spring that wells forth. [Obs.] Boyle.

2. A passage, as the mouth of a river or lake, where the tide meets the current; an arm of the sea; a frith. it to the sea was often by long and wide estuaries. Dana.

ESTUARY Es"tu*a*ry, a.

Defn: Belonging to, or formed in, an estuary; as, estuary strata. Lyell.

ESTUATE Es"tu*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Estuated; p. pr. & vb. n. Estuating.] Etym: [L. aestuare to be in violent motion, to boil up, burn, fr. aestus boiling or undulating motion, fire, glow, heat; akin to Gr.Ether.]

Defn: To boil up; to swell and rage; to be agitated. Bacon.

ESTUATION Es`tu*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. aestuatio.]

Defn: The act of estuating; commotion, as of a fluid; agitation. The estuations of joys and fears. W. Montagu.

ESTUFA Es*tu"fa, n.; pl. Estufas. Etym: [Sp., a stove, a warm room. Cf. Stove.]

Defn: An assembly room in dwelling of the Pueblo Indians. L. H. Morgan.

ESTURE Es"ture, n. Etym: [See Estuate.]

Defn: Commotion. [Obs.] Chapman.

ESURIENT E*su"ri*ent, a. Etym: [L. esuriens, p. pr. of ensurire, fr. edere to eat.]

Defn: Inclined to eat; hungry; voracious. [R.] Bailey. "Poor, but esurient." Carlyle.

ESURIENT E*su"ri*ent, n.

Defn: One who is hungry or greedy. [R.] An insatiable esurient after riches. Wood.

ESURINE Es"u*rine, a. Etym: [See Esurient.]

Defn: Causing hunger; eating; corroding. [Obs.] Wiseman.

ESURINE Es"u*rine, n. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine which provokes appetites, or causes hunger. [Obs.]

-ET -et. Etym: [F. -et, masc., -ette, fem. Cf. -let.]

Defn: A noun suffix with a diminutive force; as in baronet, pocket, facet, floweret, latchet.

ETAAC E*taac", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The blue buck.

ETACISM E"ta*cism, n. Etym: [Gr. Itacism.] (Greek Gram.)

Defn: The pronunciation of the Greek ê (eta) like the Italian e long, that is like a in the English word ate. See Itacism.

ETACIST E"ta*cist, n.

Defn: One who favors etacism.

ETAGERE É`ta`gère", n. Etym: [F., fr. étager to arrange on shelves, fr. étage story, floor. See Stage.]

Defn: A piece of furniture having a number of uninclosed shelves or stages, one above another, for receiving articles of elegance or use. Fairholt.

ETAMINE Et"a*mine, n. [F. élamine.]

Defn: A light textile fabric, like a fine bunting.

ETAPE É`tape", n. [F. Cf. Staple a mart.]

1.

Defn: A public storehouse.

2. Supplies issued to troops on the march; hence (Mil.),

Defn: the place where troops on the march halt over night; also, by extension, the distance marched during a day.

3. In Russia, a prison or stockade for the confinement of prisoners in transit.

ETAT MAJOR É`tat" Ma`jor". Etym: [F., fr. état state + L. major greater.] (Mil.)

Defn: The staff of an army, including all officers above the rank of colonel, also, all adjutants, inspectors, quartermasters, commissaries, engineers, ordnance officers, paymasters, physicians, signal officers, judge advocates; also, the noncommissioned assistants of the above officers.

ET CETERA; ET CAETERA Et` cet"e*ra, Et` cæt"e*ra. Etym: [L. et and + caetera other things.]

Defn: Others of the like kind; and the rest; and so on; -- used to point out that other things which could be mentioned are to be understood. Usually abbreviated into etc. or &c. (&c). Shak.

ETCH Etch, n.

Defn: A variant of Eddish. [Obs.] Mortimer.

ETCH Etch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Etched; p. pr. & vb. n. Etching.] Etym: [D. etsen, G. ätzen to feed, corrode, etch. MHG. etzen, causative of ezzen to eat, G. essen Eat.]

1. To produce, as figures or designs, on mental, glass, or the like, by means of lines or strokes eaten in or corroded by means of some strong acid.

Note: The plate is first covered with varnish, or some other ground capable of resisting the acid, and this is then scored or scratched with a needle, or similar instrument, so as to form the drawing; the plate is then covered with acid, which corrodes the metal in the lines thus laid bare.

2. To subject to etching; to draw upon and bite with acid, as a plate of metal. I was etching a plate at the beginning of 1875. Hamerton.

3. To sketch; to delineate. [R.] There are many empty terms to be found in some learned writes, to which they had recourse to etch out their system. Locke.

ETCH Etch, v. i.

Defn: To practice etching; to make etchings.

ETCHER Etch"er, n.

Defn: One who etches.

ETCHING Etch"ing, n.

1. The act, art, or practice of engraving by means of acid which eats away lines or surfaces left unprotected in metal, glass, or the like. See Etch, v. t.

2. A design carried out by means of the above process; a pattern on metal, glass, etc., produced by etching.

3. An impression on paper, parchment, or other material, taken in ink from an etched plate. Etching figures (Min.), markings produced on the face of a crystal by the action of an appropriate solvent. They have usually a definite form, and are important as revealing the molecular structure. -- Etching needle, a sharp-pointed steel instrument with which lines are drawn in the ground or varnish in etching. -- Etching stitch (Needlework), a stitch used outline embroidery.

ETEOSTIC E`te*os"tic, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A kind of chronogram. [R.] B. Jonson.

ETERMINABLE E*ter"mi*na*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. e- + terminable.]

Defn: Interminable. [Obs.] Skelton.

ETERN; ETERNE E*tern" or E*terne", a. Etym: [OF. eterne, L. aeternus, for aeviturnus, fr. aevum age. See Age, and cf. Eternal.]

Defn: Eternal. [Poetic] Shak. Built up to eterne significance. Mrs. Browning.

ETERNAL E*ter"nal, a. Etym: [F. éternel, L. aeternalis, fr. aeternus. See Etern.]

1. Without beginning or end of existence; always existing. The eternal God is thy refuge. Deut. xxxiii. 27. To know wether there were any real being, whose duration has been eternal. Locke.

2. Without end of existence or duration; everlasting; endless; immortal. That they may also obtain the salvation which is in Christ Jesus, with eternal glory. 2 Tim. ii. 10.

3. Continued without intermission; perpetual; ceaseless; constant. And fires eternal in thy temple shine. Dryden.

4. Existing at all times without change; immutable. Hobbes believed the eternal truths which he opposed. Dryden. What are the eternal objects of poetry among all nations, and at all times M. Arnold.

5. Exceedingly great or bad; -- used as a strong intensive. "Some eternal villain." The Eternal City, an appellation of Rome.

Syn. -- Everlasting; endless; infinite; ceaseless; perpetual; interminable. See Everlasting.

ETERNAL E*ter"nal, n.

1. One of the appellations of God. Law whereby the Eternal himself doth work. Hooker.

2. That which is endless and immortal. Young.

ETERNALIST E*ter"nal*ist, n.

Defn: One who holds the existence of matter to be from eternity. T. Burnet.

ETERNALIZE E*ter"nal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make eternal. Shelton.

ETERNALLY E*ter"nal*ly, adv.

Defn: In an eternal manner. That which is morally good or evil at any time or in any case, must be also eternally and unchangeably so. South. Where western gales eternally reside. Addison.

ETERNE E*terne", a.

Defn: See Etern.

ETERNIFY E*ter"ni*fy, v. t.

Defn: To make eternal. [Obs.] Fame . . . eternifies the name. Mir. for Mag.

ETERNITY E*ter"ni*ty, n.; pl. Eternities. Etym: [F. éternité, L. aeternitas, fr. aeternus. See Etern.]

1. Infinite duration, without beginning in the past or end in the future; also, duration without end in the future; endless time. The high and lofty One, that inhabiteth eternity. Is. lvii. 15.

2. Condition which begins at death; immortality. Thou know'st 't is common; all that lives must die, Passing through nature to eternity. Shak.

ETERNIZATION E*ter`ni*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of eternizing; the act of rendering immortal or famous.

ETERNIZE E*ter"nize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eternized; p. pr. & vb. n. Eterniziing.] Etym: [Cf. F. éterniser.]

1. To make eternal or endless. This other [gift] served but to eternize woe. Milton.

2. To make forever famous; to immortalize; as, to eternize one's self, a name, exploits. St. Alban's battle won by famous York, Shall be eternized in all age to come. Shak.

ETESIAN E*te"sian, a. Etym: [L. etesiae, pl., periodic winds, Gr. étésien.]

Defn: Periodical; annual; -- applied to winds which annually blow from the north over the Mediterranean, esp. the eastern part, for an irregular period during July and August.

ETHAL Eth"al, n. Etym: [Ether + alcohol: cf. F. éthal.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white waxy solid, C16H33.OH; -- called also cetylic alcohol. See Cetylic alcohol, under Cetylic.

ETHANE Eth"ane, n. Etym: [From Ether.] (Chem.)

Defn: A gaseous hydrocarbon, C2H6, forming a constituent of ordinary illuminating gas. It is the second member of the paraffin series, and its most important derivatives are common alcohol, aldehyde, ether, and acetic acid. Called also dimethyl.

ETHE Ethe, a. Etym: [See Eath.]

Defn: Easy. [Obs.] Spenser.

ETHEL Eth"el, a. Etym: [AS. e, æ. See Atheling.]

Defn: Noble. [Obs.]

ETHENE Eth"ene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Ethylene; olefiant gas.

ETHENIC E*then"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from. or resembling, ethene or ethylene; as, ethenic ether.

ETHENYL Eth"e*nyl, n. Etym: [Ethene + -yl.] (Chem.) (a) A trivalent hydrocarbon radical, CH3.C. (b) A univalent hydrocarbon radical of the ethylene series, CH2:CH; - - called also vinyl. See Vinyl.

ETHEOSTOMOID E`the*os"to*moid, a. Etym: [NL. etheostoma name of a genus + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, the genus Etheostoma. -- n.

Defn: Any fish of the genus Etheostoma and related genera, allied to the perches; -- also called darter. The etheostomoids are small and often bright-colored fishes inhabiting the fresh waters of North America. About seventy species are known. See Darter.

ETHER E"ther, n. Etym: [L. aether, Gr. idh, indh, and prob. to E. idle: cf. F. éther.] [Written also æther.]

1. (Physics)

Defn: A medium of great elasticity and extreme tenuity, supposed to pervade all space, the interior of solid bodies not excepted, and to be the medium of transmission of light and heat; hence often called luminiferous ether.

2. Supposed matter above the air; the air itself.

3. (Chem.) (a) A light, volatile, mobile, inflammable liquid, (C2H5)2O, of a characteristic aromatic odor, obtained by the distillation of alcohol with sulphuric acid, and hence called also sulphuric ether. It is powerful solvent of fats, resins, and pyroxylin, but finds its chief use as an anæsthetic. Called also ethyl oxide.ethyl ether. (b) Any similar oxide of hydrocarbon radicals; as, amyl ether; valeric ether. Complex ether, Mixed ether (Chem.), an oxide of two different radicals in the same molecule; as, ethyl methyl ether, C2H5.O.CH3. -- Compound ether (Chem.), an ethereal salt or a salt of some hydrocarbon as the base; an ester. -- Ether engine (Mach.), a condensing engine like a steam engine, but operated by the vapor of ether instead of by steam.

ETHEREAL E*the"re*al, a.

1. Pertaining to the hypothetical upper, purer air, or to the higher regions beyond the earth or beyond the atmosphere; celestial; as, ethereal space; ethereal regions. Go, heavenly guest, ethereal messenger. Milton.

2. Consisting of ether; hence, exceedingly light or airy; tenuous; spiritlike; characterized by extreme delicacy, as form, manner, thought, etc. Vast chain of being, which from God began, Natures ethereal, human, angel, man. Pope.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, ether; as, ethereal salts. Ethereal oil. (Chem.) See Essential oil, under Essential. -- Ethereal oil of wine (Chem.), a heavy, yellow, oily liquid consisting essentially of etherin, etherol, and ethyl sulphate. It is the oily residuum left after etherification. Called also heavy oil of wine (distinguished from oil of wine, or oenanthic ether). -- Ethereal salt (Chem.), a salt of some organic radical as a base; an ester.

ETHEREALISM E*the"re*al*ism, n.

Defn: Ethereality.

ETHEREALITY E*the`re*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being ethereal; etherealness. Something of that ethereality of thought and manner which belonged to Wordsworth's earlier lyrics. J. C. Shairp.

ETHEREALIZATION E*the`re*al*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: An ethereal or spiritlike state. J. H. Stirling.

ETHEREALIZE E*the"re*al*ize, v. t.

1. To convert into ether, or into subtile fluid; to saturate with ether.

2. To render ethereal or spiritlike. Etherealized, moreover, by spiritual communications with the other world. Hawthorne.

ETHEREALLY E*the"re*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ethereal manner.

ETHEREALNESS E*the"re*al*ness, n.

Defn: Ethereality.

ETHEREOUS E*the"re*ous, a. Etym: [L.aethereus, Gr. Ether.]

1. Formed of ether; ethereal. [Obs.] This ethereous mold whereon we stand. Milton.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, either. Ethereous oil. See Ethereal oil, under Ethereal.

ETHERIFICATION E*ther`i*fi*ca"tion, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of making ether; specifically, the process by which a large quantity of alcohol is transformed into ether by the agency of a small amount of sulphuric, or ethyl sulphuric, acid.

ETHERIFORM E*ther"i*form, a. Etym: [Ether + form.]

Defn: Having the form of ether.

ETHERIN E"ther*in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline hydrocarbon, regarded as a polymeric variety of ethylene, obtained in heavy oil of wine, the residue left after making ether; -- formerly called also concrete oil of wine.

ETHERIZATION E`ther*i*za"tion n. (Med.) (a) The administration of ether to produce insensibility. (b) The state of the system under the influence of ether.

ETHERIZE E"ther*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Etherized; p. pr. & vb. n. Etherizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. éthériser.]

1. To convert into ether.

2. To render insensible by means of ether, as by inhalation; as, to etherize a patient.

ETHEROL E"ther*ol, n. Etym: [Ether + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: An oily hydrocarbon regarded as a polymeric variety of ethylene, produced with etherin.

ETHIC; ETHICAL Eth"ic, Eth"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. ethicus, Gr. sidus, G. sitte, Skr. svadh, prob. orig., one's own doing; sva self + dh to set: cf. F. éthique. See So, Do.]

Defn: Of, or belonging to, morals; treating of the moral feelings or duties; containing percepts of morality; moral; as, ethic discourses or epistles; an ethical system; ethical philosophy. The ethical meaning of the miracles. Trench. Ethical dative (Gram.), a use of the dative of a pronoun to signify that the person or thing spoken of is regarded with interest by some one; as, Quid mihi Celsus agit How does my friend Celsus do

ETHICALLY Eth"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: According to, in harmony with, moral principles or character.

ETHICIST Eth"i*cist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in ethics, or has written on ethics.

ETHICS Eth"ics, n. Etym: [Cf. F. éthique. See Ethic.]

Defn: The science of human duty; the body of rules of duty drawn from this science; a particular system of principles and rules concerting duty, whether true or false; rules of practice in respect to a single class of human actions; as, political or social ethics; medical ethics. The completeness and consistency of its morality is the peculiar praise of the ethics which the Bible has taught. I. Taylor.

ETHIDE Eth"ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Any compound of ethyl of a binary type; as, potassium ethide.

ETHIDENE Eth"i*dene, n. Etym: [From Ether.] (Chem.)

Defn: Ethylidene. [Obs.]

ETHINE Eth"ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Acetylene.

ETHIONIC Eth`i*on"ic, a. Etym: [Ethyl + thionic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid so called. Ethionic acid (Chem.), a liquid derivative of ethylsulphuric and sulphuric (thionic) acids, obtained by the action of sulphur trioxide on absolute alcohol.

ETHIOP; ETHIOPIAN E"thi*op, E`thi*o"pi*an, n. Etym: [L. Aethiops, Gr.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Ethiopia; also, in a general sense, a negro or black man.

ETHIOPIAN; ETHIOPIC E`thi*o"pi*an, E`thi*op"ic, a.

Defn: Of or relating to Ethiopia or the Ethiopians.

ETHIOPIC E`thi*op"ic, n.

Defn: The language of ancient Ethiopia; the language of the ancient Abyssinian empire (in Ethiopia), now used only in the Abyssinian church. It is of Semitic origin, and is also called Geez.

ETHIOPS E"thi*ops n. Etym: [NL. See Ethiop.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: A black substance; -- formerly applied to various preparations of a black or very dark color. [Written also Æthiops.] [Obs.] Ethiops martial (Old Chem.), black oxide of iron. -- Ethiops mineral (Old Chem.), black sulphide of mercury, obtained by triturating mercury with sulphur. -- Ethiops per se (Old Chem.), mercury in finely divided state, having the appearance of a dark powder, obtained by shaking it up or by exposure to the air.

ETHMOID; ETHMOIDAL Eth"moid, Eth*moid"al, a. Etym: [Gr. ethmoïde, ethmoïdal.] (Anat.) (a) Like a sieve; cribriform. (b) Pertaining to, or in the region of, the ethmoid bone. Ethmoid bone (Anat.), a bone of complicated structure through which the olfactory nerves pass out of the cranium and over which they are largely distributed.

ETHMOID Eth"moid n. (Anat.)

Defn: The ethmoid bone.

ETHMOTRUBINAL Eth`mo*tru"bi*nal, a. Etym: [Ethmoid + turbinal.]

Defn: See Turbinal. -- n.

Defn: An ethmoturbinal bone.

ETHMOVOMERINE Eth`mo*vo"mer*ine, n. Etym: [Ethmoid + vomerine.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the region of the vomer and the base of the ethmoid in the skull. Ethmovomerine plate (Anat.), a cartilaginous plate beneath the front of the fetal brain which the ethmoid region of the skull is developed.

ETHNARCH Eth"narch, n. Etym: [Gr. -arch.] (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: The governor of a province or people. Lew Wallace.

ETHNARCHY Eth"narch*y n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The dominion of an ethnarch; principality and rule. Wright.

ETHNIC; ETHNICAL Eth"nic, Eth"nic*al, a. Etym: [L. ethnicus, Gr. ethnique.]

1. Belonging to races or nations; based on distinctions of race; ethnological.

2. Pertaining to the gentiles, or nations not converted to Christianity; heathen; pagan; -- opposed to Jewish and Christian.

ETHNIC Eth"nic n.

Defn: A heathen; a pagan. [Obs.] No better reported than impure ethnic and lay dogs. Milton.

ETHNICALLY Eth"nic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ethnical manner.

ETHNICISM Eth"ni*cism n.

Defn: Heathenism; paganism; idolatry. [Obs.] "Taint of ethnicism." B. Jonson.

ETHNOGRAPHER Eth*nog"ra*pher n.

Defn: One who investigates ethnography.

ETHNOGRAPHIC; ETHNOGRAPHICAL Eth`no*graph"ic, Eth`no*graph"ic*al,. a. Etym: [Cf. F. ethnographique.]

Defn: pertaining to ethnography.

ETHNOGRAPHICALLY Eth`no*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ethnographical manner.

ETHNOGRAPHY Eth*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. ethnographie.]

Defn: That branch of knowledge which has for its subject the characteristics of the human family, developing the details with which ethnology as a comparative science deals; descriptive ethnology. See Ethnology.

ETHNOLOGIC; ETHNOLOGICAL Eth`no*log"ic, Eth`no*log"ic*al, a

Defn: Of or pertaining to ethnology.

ETHNOLOGICALLY Eth`no*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ethnological manner; by ethnological classification; as, one belonging ethnologically to an African race.

ETHNOLOGIST Eth*nol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in ethnology; a student of ethnology.

ETHNOLOGY Eth*nol"o*gy n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science which treats of the division of mankind into races, their origin, distribution, and relations, and the peculiarities which characterize them.

ETHOLOGIC; ETHOLOGICAL Eth`o*log"ic, Eth`o*log"ic*al, a Etym: [See Ethology.]

Defn: treating of, or pertaining to, ethnic or morality, or the science of character. J. S. Mill.

ETHOLOGIST E*thol"o*gist n.

Defn: One who studies or writes upon ethology.

ETHOLOGY E*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. A treatise on morality; ethics.

2. The science of the formation of character, national and collective as well as individual. J. S. Mill.

ETHOPOETIC Eth"o*po*et"ic. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Expressing character. [Obs.] Urquhart.

ETHOS E"thos, n. [L., fr. Gr. character. See Ethic.]

1.

Defn: The character, sentiment, or disposition of a community or people, considered as a natural endowment; the spirit which actuates manners and customs; also, the characteristic tone or genius of an institution or social organization.

2. (Æsthetics) The traits in a work of art which express the ideal or typic character -- character as influenced by the ethos (sense 1) of a people -- rather than realistic or emotional situations or individual character in a narrow sense; -- opposed to pathos.

ETHULE Eth"ule Etym: [Ether + Gr. Ethyl, and see -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: Ethyl. [Obs.]

ETHYL Eth"yl, n. Etym: [Ether + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A monatomic, hydrocarbon radical, C2H5 of the paraffin series, forming the essential radical of ethane, and of common alcohol and ether. Ethyl aldehyde. (Chem.) See Aldehyde.

ETHYLAMINE Eth`yl*am"ine, n. Etym: [Ethyl + amine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, mobile, inflammable liquid, C2H5.NH2, very volatile and with an ammoniacal odor. It is a strong base, and is a derivative of ammonia. Called also ethyl carbamine, and amido ethane.

ETHYLATE Eth"yl*ate. Etym: [From Ethyl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound derived from ethyl alcohol by the replacement of the hydroxyl hydrogen, after the manner of a hydrate; an ethyl alcoholate; as, potassium ethylate, C2H5.O.K.

ETHYLENE Eth"yl*ene, n. [From Ethyl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, gaseous hydrocarbon, C2H4, forming an important ingredient of illuminating gas, and also obtained by the action of concentrated sulphuric acid in alcohol. It is an unsaturated compound and combines directly with chlorine and bromine to form oily liquids (Dutch liquid), -- hence called olefiant gas. Called also ethene, elayl, and formerly, bicarbureted hydrogen. Ethylene series (Chem.), the series if unsaturated hydrocarbons of which ethylene is the type, and represented by the general formula CnH2n.

ETHYLIC E*thyl"ic. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, ethyl; as, ethylic alcohol.

ETHYLIDENE E*thyl"i*dene. (Chem.)

Defn: An unsymmetrical, divalent, hydrocarbon radical, C2H4 metameric with ethylene but written thus, CH3.CH to distinguish it from the symmetrical ethylene, CH2.CH2. Its compounds are derived from aldehyde. Formerly called also ethidene.

ETHYLIN Eth"yl*in. (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of the several complex ethers of ethyl and glycerin.

ETHYLSULPHURIC Eth`yl*sul*phu"ric a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, ethyl and sulphuric acid. Ethylsulphuric acid (Chem.), an acid sulphate of ethyl, H.C2H5.SO4, produced as a thick liquid by the action of sulphiric acid on alcohol. It appears to be the active catalytic agent in the process of etherification.

ETIOLATE E"ti*o*late. v. i. [imp. & p. p. Etiolated; p. pr. & vb. n. Etiolating.] Etym: [F. étioler to blanch.]

1. To become white or whiter; to be whitened or blanched by excluding the light of the sun, as, plants.

2. (Med.)

Defn: To become pale through disease or absence of light.

ETIOLATE E"ti*o*late, v. t.

1. To blanch; to bleach; to whiten by depriving of the sun's rays.

2. (Med.)

Defn: To cause to grow pale by disease or absence of light.

ETIOLATE; ETIOLATED E"ti*o*late, E"ti*o*la`ted, a.

Defn: Having a blanched or faded appearance, as birds inhabiting desert regions.

ETIOLATION E`ti*o*la"tion, n.

1. The operation of blanching plants, by excluding the light of the sun; the condition of a blanched plant.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Paleness produced by absence of light, or by disease. Dunglison.

ETIOLIN E"ti*o*lin, n. Etym: [See Etiolate.] (Bot.)

Defn: A yellowish coloring matter found in plants grown in darkness, which is supposed to be an antecedent condition of chlorophyll. Encyc. Brit.

ETIOLOGICAL E`ti*o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or inquiring into, causes; ætiological.

ETIOLOGY E`ti*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. étiologie.]

Defn: The science of causes. Same as tiology.

ETIQUETTE Et"i*quette`, n. Etym: [F. prop., a little piece of paper, or a mark or title, affixed to a bag or bundle, expressing its contents, a label, ticket, OF.estiquete, of German origin; cf. LG. stikke peg, pin, tack, stikken to stick, G. stecken. See Stick, and cf. Ticket.]

Defn: The forms required by good breeding, or prescribed by authority, to be observed in social or official life; observance of the proprieties of rank and occasion; conventional decorum; ceremonial code of polite society. The pompous etiquette to the court of Louis the Fourteenth. Prescott.

ETNA Et"na, n.

Defn: A kind of small, portable, cooking apparatus for which heat is furnished by a spirit lamp. There should certainly be an etna for getting a hot cup of coffee in a hurry. V. Baker.

ETNEAN Et*ne"an, a. Etym: [L. Aetnaeus, Gr. , fr.Aetna, Aetne).]

Defn: Pertaining to Etna, a volcanic mountain in Sicily.

ETOILE E`toile", n. Etym: [F.] (Her.)

Defn: See Estoile.

ETRURIAN E*tru"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or relating to ancient Etruria, in Italy. "Etrurian Shades." Milton, -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of ancient Etruria.

ETRUSCAN E*trus"can, n. Etym: [L. Etruscus.]

Defn: Of or relating to Etruria. -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Etruria.

ETTER PIKE Et"ter pike`, n. Etym: [Cf. Atter.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The stingfish, or lesser weever (Tranchinus vipera).

ETTIN Et"tin, n. Etym: [SA. eten, eoten, orig., gluttonous, fr. etan to eat.]

Defn: A giant. [Obs.] Beau & Fl.

ETTLE Et"tle, v. t. Etym: [Perh. the same word as addle to earn; bur cf. OE. atlien, etlien, to intend, prepare, Icel. ætla to think, suppose, mean.]

Defn: To earn. [Obs.] See Addle, to earn. Boucher.

ETUDE E`tude", n. Etym: [F. See Study.]

1. A composition in the fine arts which is intended, or may serve, for a study.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A study; an exercise; a piece for practice of some special point of technical execution.

ETUI E`tui", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A case for one several small articles; esp., a box in which scissors, tweezers, and other articles of toilet or of daily use are carried.

ETWEE Et*wee", n.

Defn: See . Shenstone.

ETYM Et"ym, n.

Defn: See Etymon. H. F. Talbot.

ETYMIC E*tym"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to the etymon; as, an etymic word.

ETYMOLOGER Et`y*mol"o*ger, n.

Defn: An etymologist.

ETYMOLOGICAL Et`y*mo*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. etymologicus, Gr. étimilogique. See Etymology.]

Defn: Pertaining to etymology, or the derivation of words. -- Et`y*mo*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

ETYMOLOGICON Et`y*mo*log"i*con, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: an etymological dictionary or manual.

ETYMOLOGIST Et`y*mol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. étymologiste.]

Defn: One who investigates the derivation of words.

ETYMOLOGIZE Et`y*mol"o*gize, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. étymologiser.]

Defn: To give the etymology of; to trace to the root or primitive, as a word. Camden

ETYMOLOGIZE Et`y*mol"o*gize, v. t.

Defn: To search into the origin of words; to deduce words from their simple roots. How perilous it is to etymologize at random. Trench.

ETYMOLOGY Et`y*mol"o*gy, n.; pl. Etymologies. Etym: [L.etymologia, Gr. étymologie. See Etymon, and -logy.]

1. That branch of philological science which treats of the history of words, tracing out their origin, primitive significance, and changes of from and meaning.

2. That pert of grammar which relates to the changes in the form of the words in a language; inflection.

ETYMON Et"y*mon, n.; pl. E. Etymons, Gr. Etyma. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. sotya, E. sooth. See Sooth.]

Defn: 1. An original form; primitive word; root.

2. Original or fundamental signification. [R.] Given as the etymon or genuine sense of the word. Coleridge.

ETYPICAL E*typ"ic*al, a. Etym: [Pref. e- + typical.] (Biol.)

Defn: Diverging from, or lacking conformity to, a type.

EU Eu. Etym: [Gr. su, from the same root as E. is; or with Skr. vasu good, prob. fr. the same root as E. was.]

Defn: A prefix used frequently in composition, signifying well, good, advantageous; -- the opposite of dys-.

EUCAIRITE Eu*cai"rite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A metallic mineral, a selenide of copper and silver; -- so called by Berzelius on account of its being found soon after the discovery of the metal selenium.

EUCALYN Eu"ca*lyn, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An unfermentable sugar, obtained as an uncrystallizable sirup by the decomposition of melitose; also obtained from a Tasmanian eucalyptus, -- whence its name.

EUCALYPTOL Eu`ca*lyp*tol, n. Etym: [Eucalyptus + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: A volatile, terpenelike oil extracted from the eucalyptus, and consisting largely of cymene.

EUCALYPTUS Eu`ca*lyp"tus, n. Etym: [NL., from GR. (Bot.)

Defn: A myrtaceous genus of trees, mostly Australian. Many of them grow to an immense height, one or two species exceeding the height even of the California Sequoia.

Note: They have rigid, entire leaves with one edge turned toward the zenith. Most of them secrete resinous gums, whence they called gum trees, and their timber is of great value. Eucalyptus Globulus is the blue gum; E. aigantea, the stringy bark: E. amygdalina, the peppermint tree. E. Gunnii, the Tasmanian cider tree, yields a refreshing drink from wounds made in the bark in the spring. Center species yield oils, tars, acids, dyes and tans. It is said that miasmatic valleys in Algeria and Portugal, and a part of the unhealthy Roman Campagna, have been made more salubrious by planting groves of these trees.

EUCHARIS Eu"cha*ris, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. eucharis agreeable, Gr. Eucharist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of South American amaryllidaceous plants with large and beautiful white blossoms.

EUCHARIST Eu"cha*rist, n. Etym: [L. euchaistia, Gr. yearn: cf. F. euchaistie.]

1. The act of giving thanks; thanksgiving. [Obs.] Led through the vale of tears to the region of eucharist and hallelujahs. South.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: The sacrament of the Lord's Supper; the solemn act of ceremony of commemorating the death of Christ, in the use of bread and wine, as the appointed emblems; the communion. -- See Sacrament.

EUCHARISTIC; EUCHARISTICAL Eu`cha*ris"tic, Eu`cha*ris"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. eucharistie.]

1. Giving thanks; expressing thankfulness; rejoicing. [Obs.] The eucharistical part of our daily devotions. Ray.

2. Pertaining to the Lord's Supper. "The eucharistic sacrament." Sir. G. C. Lewis.

EUCHITE Eu"chite, n. Etym: [From Gr.

Defn: One who resolves religion into prayer. [Obs.] Gauden.

EUCHLORIC Eu*chlo"ric, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Relating to, or consisting of, euchlorine; as, euchloric . Davy.

EUCHLORINE Eu*chlo"rine, n. Etym: [Cf. F. euchlorine. See Euchloric.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow or greenish yellow gas, first prepared by Davy, evolved from potassium chlorate and hydrochloric acid. It is supposed to consist of chlorine tetroxide with some free chlorine.

EUCHOLOGION; EUCHOLOGY Eu`cho*lo"gi*on, Eu*chol"o*gy, n. Etym: [NL. euchologion, Gr. (Eccl.)

Defn: A formulary of prayers; the book of offices in the Greek Church, containing the liturgy, sacraments, and forms of prayers.

EUCHOLOGUE Eu"cho*logue, n. Etym: [F. euchologe.]

Defn: Euchology. [R.]

EUCHRE Eu"chre, n. Etym: [Perh. from F. écarté.]

Defn: A game at cards, that may be played by two, three, or four persons, the highest card (except when an extra card called the Joker is used) being the knave of the same suit as the trump, and called right bower, the lowest card used being the seven, or frequently, in two-handed euchre, the nine spot. See Bower.

EUCHRE Eu"chre, v. t.

1. To defeat, in a game of euchre, the side that named the trump.

2. To defeat or foil thoroughly in any scheme. [Slang.]

EUCHROIC Eu*chro"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Having a fine color. Euchroic acid (Chem.), an organic, imide acid, obtained as a colorless crystalline substance, C12H4N2O8 by heating an ammonium salt of mellitic acid. By reduction it is changed to a dark blue substance (euchrone), -- hence its name.

EUCHROITE Eu"chro*ite, n. Etym: [See Euchroic.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occurring in transparent emerald green crystals. It is hydrous arseniate of copper.

EUCHRONE Eu"chrone n. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance obtained from euchroic acid. See Eychroic.

EUCHYMY Eu"chy*my, n. Etym: [Gr. Chyme.] (Med.)

Defn: A good state of he blood and other fluids of the body.

EUCLASE Eu"clase n. Etym: [Gr. euclase, G. euklas. See named from its brittleness.] (Min.)

Defn: A brittle gem occurring in light green, transparent crystals, affording a brilliant clinodiagonal cleavage. It is a silicate of alumina and glucina.

EUCLID Eu"clid, n.

Defn: A Greek geometer of the 3d century

EUCLIDIAN Eu*clid"i*an, n.

Defn: Related to Euclid, or to the geometry of Euclid. Euclidian space (Geom.), the kind of space to which the axioms and definitions of Euclid, relative to straight lines and parallel lines, apply; -- called also flat space, and homaloidal space.

EUCOPEPODA Eu`co*pep"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Eu- and Copepoda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group which includes the typical copepods and the lerneans.

EUCRASY Eu"cra*sy. Etym: [Gr. eucrasie.] (Med.)

Defn: Such a due mixture of qualities in bodies as constitutes health or soundness. Quincy.

EUCTICAL Euc"tic*al Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Expecting a wish; supplicatory. [R.] Sacrifices . . . distinguished into expiatory, euctical, and eucharistical. Bp. Law.

EUDEMON; EUDAEMON Eu*de"mon, Eu*dæ"mon, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A good angel. Southey.

EUDEMONICS; EUDAEMONICS Eu`de*mon"ics, Eu`dæ*mon"ics, n. Etym: [Gr. Eudemonism.]

Defn: That part of moral philosophy which treats of happiness; the science of happiness; -- contrasted with aretaics. J. Grote.

EUDEMONISM; EUDAEMONISM Eu*de"mon*ism, Eu*dæ"mon*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. Demon.]

Defn: That system of ethics which defines and enforces moral obligation by its relation to happiness or personal well-being.

EUDEMONIST; EUDAEMONIST Eu*de"mon*ist, Eu*dæ"mon*ist, n.

Defn: One who believes in eudemonism. I am too much of a eudæmonist; I hanker too much after a state of happiness both for myself and others. De Quincey.

EUDEMONISTIC; EUDAEMONISTIC Eu*de`mon*is"tic , Eu*dæ`mon*is"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to eudemonism.

EUDEMONISTICAL; EUDAEMONISTICAL Eu*de`mon*is"tic*al, Eu*dæ`mon*is"tic*al, a.

Defn: Eudemonistic.

EUDIALYTE Eu*di"a*lyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a brownish red color and vitreous luster, consisting chiefly of the silicates of iron, zirconia, and lime.

EUDIOMETER Eu`di*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. ediomètre.] (Chem.)

Defn: An instrument for the volumetric measurement of gases; -- so named because frequently used to determine the purity of the air.

Note: It usually consists of a finely graduated and calibrated glass tube, open at one end, the bottom; and having near the top a pair of platinum wires fused in, to allow the passage of an electric spark, as the process involves the explosion and combustion of one of the ingredients to be determined. The operation is conducted in a through of mercury, or sometimes over water. Cf. Burette. Use's ediometer has the tube bent in the form of the letter. U.

EUDIOMETRIC; EUDIOMETRICAL Eu`di*o*met"ric, Eu`di*o*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a eudiometer; as, eudiometrical experiments or results.

EUDIOMETRY Eu`di*om"e*try, n. Etym: [Cf. F. eudiométrie.] (Chem.)

Defn: The art or process of determining he constituents of a gaseous mixture by means of the eudiometer, or for ascertaining the purity of the air or the amount of oxygen in it.

EUDIPLEURA Eu`di*pleu"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The fundamental forms of organic life, that are composed of two equal and symmetrical halves. Syd. Soc. Lex.

EUDOXIAN Eu*dox"i*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Eudoxius, patriarch of Antioch and Constantinople in the 4th century, and a celebrated defender of the doctrines of Arius.

EUGANOIDEI Eu`ga*noi"de*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. GR. ganoidei. See Ganoid.] (Zoöl)

Defn: A group which includes the bony ganoids, as the gar pikes.

EUGE Eu"ge, n. Etym: [L., well done! bravo! Gr.

Defn: Applause. [Obs.] Hammond.

EUGENESIS Eu*gen"e*sis, n. [Pref. eu- + genesis.] (Biol.)

Defn: The quality or condition of having strong reproductive powers; generation with full fertility between different species or races, specif. between hybrids of the first generation.

EUGENIA Eu*ge"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL. Named in honor of Prince Eugene of Savoy.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of mytraceous plants, mostly of tropical countries, and including several aromatic trees and shrubs, among which are the trees which produce allspice and cloves of commerce.

EUGENIC Eu*gen"ic, a. Etym: [See Eugenia.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, cloves; as, eugenic acid.

EUGENIC Eu*gen"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Well-born; of high birth. Atlantic Monthly.

EUGENICS Eu*gen"ics, n.

Defn: The science of improving stock, whether human or animal. F. Galton.

EUGENIN Eu"ge*nin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, crystalline substance extracted from oil of cloves; -- called also clove camphor.

EUGENOL Eu"ge*nol, n. Etym: [Eugenia + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon, C10H12O2 resembling the phenols, and hence also called eugenic acid. It is found in the oils of pimento and cloves.

EUGENY Eu"ge*ny. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Nobleness of birth. [Obs.]

EUGETIC; EUGETINIC Eu*get"ic, Eu`ge*tin"ic, a. (Chem)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, eugenol; as, eugetic acid.

EUGH Eugh, n. Etym: [See Yew.]

Defn: The yew. [Obs.] Dryden.

EUGUBIAN; EUGUBINE Eu*gu"bi*an, Eu"gu*bine, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the ancient town of Eugubium (now Gubbio); as, the Eugubine tablets, or tables, or inscriptions.

EUHARMONIC Eu`har*mon"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. -eu + harmonic.] (Mus.)

Defn: Producing mathematically perfect harmony or concord; sweetly or perfectly harmonious.

EUHEMERISM Eu*hem"er*ism n. Etym: [L. Euhemerus, Gr.

Defn: The theory, held by Euhemerus, that the gods of mythology were but deified mortals, and their deeds only the amplification in imagination of human acts.

EUHEMERIST Eu*hem"er*ist, n.

Defn: One who advocates euhemerism.

EUHEMERISTIC Eu*hem`er*is"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to euhemerism.

EUHEMERIZE Eu*hem"er*ize v. t.

Defn: To interpret (mythology) on the theory of euhemerism.

EUISOPODA Eu`i*sop"o*da. pl. Etym: [NL. See Eu- and Isopoda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group which includes the typical Isopoda.

EULACHON Eu"la*chon, n. Etym: [Native Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The candlefish. [Written also oulachan, oolacan, and ulikon.] See Candlefish.

EULERIAN Eu*le"ri*an a.

Defn: Pertaining Euler, a German mathematician of the 18th century. Eulerian integrals, certain definite integrals whose properties were first investigated by Euler.

EULOGIC; EULOGICAL Eu*log"ic, Eu*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [See Eulogy.]

Defn: Bestowing praise of eulogy; commendatory; eulogistic. [R.] -- Eu*log"ic*al*ly, adv. [R.]

EULOGIST Eu"lo*gist n.

Defn: One who eulogizes or praises; panegyrist; encomiast. Buckle.

EULOGISTIC; EULOGISTICAL Eu`lo*gis"tic, Eu`lo*gis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to eulogy; characterized by eulogy; bestowing praise; panegyrical; commendatory; laudatory; as, eulogistic speech or discourse. -- Eu"lo*gis"tic*al*ly, adv.

EULOGIUM Eu*lo"gi*um n.; pl. Eulogiums. Etym: [LL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A formal eulogy. Smollett.

EULOGIZE Eu"lo*gize v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eulogized. (p. pr. & vb. n. Eulogizing.]

Defn: To speak or write in commendation of (another); to extol in speech or writing; to praise.

EULOGY Eu"lo*gy, n.; pl. Eulogies. Etym: [Gr. Eulogium, and see Legend.]

Defn: A speech or writing in commendation of the character or services of a person; as, a fitting eulogy to worth. Eulogies turn into elegies. Spenser.

Syn. -- Encomium; praise; panegyric; applause. -- Eulogy, Eulogium, Encomium, Panegyric. The idea of praise is common to all these words. The word encomium is used of both persons and things which are the result of human action, and denotes warm praise. Eulogium and eulogy apply only to persons and are more studied and of greater length. A panegyric was originally a set speech in a full assembly of the people, and hence denotes a more formal eulogy, couched in terms of warm and continuous praise, especially as to personal character. We may bestow encomiums on any work of art, on production of genius, without reference to the performer; we bestow eulogies, or pronounce a eulogium, upon some individual distinguished for his merit public services; we pronounce a panegyric before an assembly gathered for the occasion.

EULYTITE Eu"ly*tite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: a mineral, consisting chiefly of the silicate of bismuth, found at Freiberg; -- called also culytine.

EUMENIDES Eu*men"i*des, n. pl. Etym: [L., from Gr. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A euphemistic name for the Furies of Erinyes.

EUMOLPUS Eu*mol"pus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small beetles, one species of which (E. viti) is very injurious to the vines in the wine countries of Europe.

EUNOMIAN Eu*no"mi*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Eunomius, bishop of Cyzicus (4th century A. D.), who held that Christ was not God but a created being, having a nature different from that of the Father. -- a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Eunomius or his doctrine.

EUNOMY Eu"no*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Equal law, or a well-adjusted constitution of government. [R.] Mitford.

EUNUCH Eu"nuch, n. Etym: [L. eunuchus, Gr.

Defn: A male of the human species castrated; commonly, one of a class of such persons, in Oriental countries, having charge of the women's apartments. Some of them, in former times, gained high official rank.

EUNUCH; EUNUCHATE Eu"nuch, Eu"nuch*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. eunuchare.]

Defn: To make a eunuch of; to castrate. as a man. Creech. Sir. T. Browne.

EUNUCHISM Eu"nuch*ism, n. Etym: [L. eunuchismus an unmanning, Gr. eunuchisme eunuchism.]

Defn: The state of being eunuch. Bp. Hall.

EUONYMIN Eu*on"y*min, n. (Med.)

Defn: A principle or mixture of principles derived from Euonymus atropurpureus, or spindle tree.

EUONYMUS Eu*on"y*mus, n. Etym: [NL. (cf. L. euonymos). fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of small European and American trees; the spindle tree. The bark is used as a cathartic.

EUORNITHES Eu`or*ni"thes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr., Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The division of Aves which includes all the typical birds, or all living birds except the penguins and birds of ostrichlike form.

EUOSMITTE Eu*os"mitte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A fossil resin, so called from its strong, peculiar, pleasant odor.

EUPATHY Eu"pa*thy, n. Etym: [Gr. Eu-, and Pathetic.]

Defn: Right feeling. [R.] Harris.

EUPATORIN; EUPATORINE Eu*pat"o*rin Eu*pat"o*rine, n. (Med.)

Defn: A principle or mixture of principles extracted from various species of Eupatorium.

EUPATORIUM Eu`pa*to"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Eupator, king of Pontus, said to have used it as a medicine.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of perennial, composite herbs including hemp agrimony, boneset, throughwort, etc.

EUPATRID Eu"pa*trid, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One well born, or of noble birth.

EUPEPSIA; EUPEPSY Eu*pep"si*a, Eu*pep"sy, n. Etym: [NL. eupepsia, Fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Soundness of the nutritive or digestive organs; good concoction or digestion; -- opposed to dyspepsia.

EUPEPTIC Eu*pep"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to good digestion; easy of digestion; having a good digestion; as, eupeptic food; an eupeptic man. Wrapt in lazy eupeptic fat. Carlyle.

EUPHEMISM Eu"phe*mism, n. Etym: [Gr. euphémisme. See Fame.] (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure in which a harts or indelicate word or expression is softened; a way of describing an offensive thing by an inoffensive expression; a mild name for something disagreeable.

EUPHEMISTIC; EUPHEMISTICAL Eu`phe*mis"tic, Eu`phe*mis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to euphemism; containing a euphemism; softened in expression. -- Eu`phe*mis"tic*al*ly, adv.

EUPHEMIZE Eu"phe*mize, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Euphemized; p. pr. & vb. n. Euphemizing.] Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To express by a euphemism, or in delicate language; to make use of euphemistic expressions.

EUPHONIAD Eu*pho"ni*ad, n. Etym: [See Euphony.] (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument in which are combined the characteristic tones of the organ and various other instruments. [R.]

EUPHONIC; EUPHONICAL Eu*phon"ic, Eu*phon"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or exhibiting, euphony; agreeable in sound; pleasing to the ear; euphonious; as, a euphonic expression; euphonical orthography.

EUPHONICON Eu*phon"i*con, n. Etym: [See Euphony.] (Mus.)

Defn: A kind of uptight piano.

EUPHONIOUS Eu*pho"ni*ous, a.

Defn: Pleasing or sweet in sound; euphonic; smooth-sounding. Hallam. -- Eu*pho"ni*ous*ly, adv.

EUPHONISM Eu"pho*nism, n.

Defn: An agreeable combination of sounds; euphony.

EUPHONIUM Eu*pho"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Euphony.] (Mus.)

Defn: A bass instrument of the saxhorn family.

EUPHONIZE Eu"pho*nize, v. t.

Defn: To make euphonic. [R.]

EUPHONON Eu"pho*non, n. Etym: [See Euphony.] (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument resembling the organ in tine and the upright piano in form. It is characterized by great strength and sweetness of tone.

EUPHONOUS Eu"pho*nous, n.

Defn: Euphonious. [R.]

EUPHONY Eu"pho*ny, n.; pl. Euphonies. Etym: [L. euphonia, Gr. euphonie.]

Defn: A pleasing or sweet sound; an easy, smooth enunciation of sounds; a pronunciation of letters and syllables which is pleasing to the ear.

EUPHORBIA Eu*phor"bi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. euphorbea. See Euphorrium.] (Bot.)

Defn: Spurge, or bastard spurge, a genus of plants of many species, mostly shrubby, herbaceous succulents, affording an acrid, milky juice. Some of them are armed with thorns. Most of them yield powerful emetic and cathartic products.

EUPHORBIACEOUS; EUPHORBIAL Eu*phor`bi*a"ceous, Eu*phor"bi*al, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of, relating to, or resembling, the Euphorbia family.

EUPHORBIN; EUPHORBINE Eu*phor"bin Eu*phor"bine, n. (Med.)

Defn: A principle, or mixture of principles, derived from various species of Euphorbia.

EUPHORBIUM Eu*phor"bi*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. euphorbeum, from Gr. Euphorbus, a Greek physician.] (Med.)

Defn: An inodorous exudation, usually in the form of yellow tears, produced chiefly by the African Euphorbia resinifrea. It was formerly employed medicinally, but was found so violent in its effects that its use is nearly abandoned.

EUPHOTIDE Eu"pho*tide, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A rock occurring in the Alps, consisting of saussurite and smaragdite; -- sometimes called gabbro.

EUPHRASY Eu"phra*sy, n. Etym: [NL. euphrasia, fr. Gr. eufrasia, F. eufrasie.] (Bot.)

Defn: The plant eyesight (euphrasia officionalis), formerly regarded as beneficial in disorders of the eyes. Then purged with euphrasy and rue The visual nerve, for he had much to see. Milton.

EUPHROE Eu"phroe, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A block or long slat of wood, perforated for the passage of the crowfoot, or cords by which an awning is held up. [Written also uphroe and uvrou.] Knight.

EUPHUISM Eu"phu*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. Euphues, or the Anatomy of Wit," and "Euphues and his England."] (Rhet.)

Defn: An affectation of excessive elegance and refinement of language; high-flown diction.

EUPHUIST Eu"phu*ist, n.

Defn: One who affects excessive refinement and elegance of language; -- applied esp. to a class of writers, in the age of Elizabeth, whose productions are marked by affected conceits and high-flown diction.

EUPHUISTIC Eu`phu*is"tic, a.

Defn: Belonging to the euphuists, or euphuism; affectedly refined.

EUPHUIZE Eu"phu*ize, v. t.

Defn: To affect excessive refinement in language; to be overnice in expression.

EUPIONE Eu"pi*one, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A limpid, oily liquid obtained by the destructive distillation of various vegetable and animal substances; -- specifically, an oil consisting largely of the higher hydrocarbons of the paraffin series. [Written also eupion.]

EUPITTONE Eu*pit"tone, n. Etym: [Pref. eu- + pittacal + -one.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow, crystalline substance, resembling aurin, and obtained by the oxidation of pittacal; -- called also eupittonic acid. [Written also eupitton.]

EUPITTONIC Eu`pit*ton"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, eupittone.

EUPLASTIC Eu*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. eu- + -plastic.] (Med.)

Defn: Having the capacity of becoming organizable in a high degree, as the matter forming the false membranes which sometimes result from acute inflammation in a healthy person. Dunglison.

EUPLASTIC Eu*plas"tic, n. (Med.)

Defn: Organizable substance by which the tissues of an animal body are renewed.

EUPLECTELLA Eu`plec*tel"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl)

Defn: A genus of elegant, glassy sponges, consisting of interwoven siliceous fibers, and growing in the form of a cornucopia; -- called also Venus's flower-basket.

EUPLEXOPTERA Eu`plex*op"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of insects, including the earwig. The anterior wings are short, in the form of elytra, while the posterior wings fold up beneath them. See Earwig.

EUPNAEA Eup*næ"a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Normal breathing where arterialization of the blood is normal, in distinction from dyspnæa, in which the blood is insufficiently arterialized. Foster.

EUPRYION; EUPYRION Eu*pry"i*on, Eu*py"ri*on, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A contrivance for obtaining a light instantaneous, as a lucifer match. Brande & C.

EURAFRIC; EURAFRICAN Eur*af"ric, Eur*af"ri*can, a. [Europe + Afric, African.]

1. (Geog.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, the continents of Europe and Africa combined.

2. (Zoögeography) Pert. to or designating a region including most of Europe and northern Africa south to the Sahara.

3. Of European and African descent.

EURASIAN Eu*ra"sian, n. Etym: [European + Asian.]

1. A child of a European parent on the one side and an Asiatic on the other.

2. One born of European parents in Asia.

EURASIAN Eu*ra"sian, a.

Defn: Of European and Asiatic descent; of or pertaining to both Europe and Asia; as, the great Eurasian plain.

EURASIATIO Eu*ra`si*at"io, a. (Geog.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the continents of Europe and Asia combined.

EUREKA Eu*re"ka. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The exclamation attributed to Archimedes, who is said to have cried out "Eureka! eureka!" (I have found it! I have found it!), upon suddenly discovering a method of finding out how much the gold of King Hiero's crown had been alloyed. Hence, an expression of triumph concerning a discovery.

EURHIPIDUROUS Eu*rhip`i*du"rous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a fanlike tail; belonging to the Eurhipiduræ, a division of Aves which includes all living birds.

EURIPIZE Eu"ri*pize, v. t. Etym: [See Euripus.]

Defn: To whirl hither and thither. [Obs.]

EURIPUS Eu*ri"pus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A strait; a narrow tract of water, where the tide, or a current, flows and reflows with violence, as the ancient fright of this name between Eubæa and Bæotia. Hence, a flux and reflux. Burke.

EURITE Eu"rite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. eurite.] (Min.)

Defn: A compact feldspathic rock; felsite. See Felsite.

EURITIC Eu*rit"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pelating to eurite.

EUROCLYDON Eu*roc"ly*don, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. i. e. a north-east wind, as in the Latin Yulgate Euro-aquilo.]

Defn: A tempestuous northeast wind which blows in the Mediterranean. See Levanter. A tempestuous wind called Euroclydon. Acts xxvii. 14.

EUROPEAN Eu`ro*pe"an, a. Etym: [L. europeaus, Gr. europa.)]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Europe, or to its inhabitants. On the European plain, having rooms to let, and leaving it optional with guests whether they will take meals in the house; -- said of hotels. [U. S.]

EUROPEAN Eu`ro*pe"an, n.

Defn: A native or an inhabitant of Europe.

EUROPEANIZE Eu`ro*pe"an*ize, v. t.

Defn: To cause to become like the Europeans in manners or character; to habituate or accustom to European usages. A state of society . . . changed and Europenized. Lubbock.

EUROPIUM Eu*ro"pi*um, n. [NL.; Europe + -ium, as in aluminium.] (Chem.)

Defn: A metallic element of the rare-earth group, discovered spectroscopically by Demarcay in 1896. Symbol, Eu; at. wt., 152.0.

EURUS Eu"rus, n. Etym: [L., gr.

Defn: The east wind.

EURYALE Eu*ry"a*le, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Euryale, one of the Gorgons.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of water lilies, growing in India and China. The only species (E. ferox) is very prickly on the peduncles and calyx. The rootstocks and seeds are used as food.

2. (Zoöl)

Defn: A genus of ophiurans with much-branched arms.

EURYALIDA Eu`ry*al"i*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of Ophiuroidea, including the genera Euryale, Astrophyton, etc. They generally have the arms branched. See Astrophyton.

EURYCEROUS Eu*ryc"er*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having broad horns.

EURYPTEROID Eu*ryp"ter*oid, a. Etym: [Eurypterus + -oid.] (Paleon.)

Defn: Like, or pertaining to, the genus Euryperus.

EURYPTEROIDEA Eu*ryp`te*roi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Eurypteroid.] (Paleont.)

Defn: An extinct order of Merostomata, of which the genus Eurypterus is the type. They are found only in Paleozoic rocks. [Written also Eurypterida.]

EURYPTERUS Eu*ryp"te*rus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of extinct Merostomata, found in Silurian rocks. Some of the species are more than three feet long.

EURYTHMY Eu"ryth*my, n. Etym: [L. eurythmia, Gr. eurythmie.]

1. (Fine Arts)

Defn: Just or harmonious proportion or movement, as in the composition of a poem, an edifice, a painting, or a statue.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Regularly of the pulse.

EUSEBIAN Eu*se"bi*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Eusebius, bishop of Cæsarea, who was a friend and protector of Arius.

EUSTACHIAN Eu*sta"chi*an, a. Etym: [From Eustachi, a learned Italian physician who died in Rome, 1574.] (Anat.) (a) Discovered by Eustachius. (b) Pertaining to the Eustachian tube; as, Eustachian catheter. Eustachian catheter, a tubular instrument to be introduced into the Eustachian tube so as to allow of inflation of the middle ear through the nose or mouth. -- Eustrachian tube (Anat.), a passage from the tympanum of the ear to the pharynx. See Ear. -- Eustachian valve (Anat.), a crescent-shaped fold of the lining membrane of the heart at the entrance of the vena cava inferior. It directs the blood towards the left auricle in the fetus, but is rudimentary and functionless in the adult.

EUSTYLE Eu"style`, n. Etym: [Gr. eustyle.] (Arch.)

Defn: See Intercolumnlation.

EUTAXY Eu"tax*y, n. Etym: [Gr. eutaxie.]

Defn: Good or established order or arrangement. [R.] E. Waterhouse.

EUTECTIC Eu*tec"tic, a. [Gr. e'y`thktos easily melted; e'y^ well + th`kein to melt.] (Physics)

Defn: Of maximum fusibility; -- said of an alloy or mixture which has the lowest melting point which it is possible to obtain by the combination of the given components.

EUTERPE Eu*ter"pe. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The Muse who presided over music.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of palms, some species of which are elegant trees.

EUTERPEAN Eu*ter"pe*an a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Euterpe or to music.

EUTEXIA Eu*tex"i*a, n. [NL., fr. Gr. a being easily melted.] (Physics)

Defn: The principle or process of forming from given components the eutectic alloy, or alloy of maximum fusibility.

EUTHANASIA Eu`tha*na"si*a n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. euthanasie.]

Defn: An easy death; a mode of dying to be desired. "An euthanasia of all thought." Hazlitt. The kindest wish of my friends is euthanasia. Arbuthnot.

EUTHANASY Eu*than"a*sy, n.

Defn: Same as Euthanasia.

EUTHIOCHROIC Eu`thi*o*chro"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or denoting, an acid so called. Euthiochroic acid (Chem.), a complex derivative of hydroquinone and sulphonic (thionic) acid. -- so called because it contains sulphur, and forms brilliantly colored (yellow) salts.

EUTHYNEURA Eu`thy*neu"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large division of gastropod molluske, including the Pulmonifera and Opisthobranchiata.

EUTROPHY Eu"tro*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Healthy nutrition; soundless as regards the nutritive functions.

EUTYCHIAN Eu*tych"i*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Eutyches [5th century], who held that the divine and the human in the person of Christ were blended together as to constitute but one nature; a monophysite; -- opposed to Nestorian.

EUTYCHIANISM Eu*tych"i*an*ism, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: The doctrine of Eutyches and his followers.

EUXANTHIC Eux*an"thic a. (Chem.)

Defn: Having a yellow color; pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, euxanthin. Euxanthic acid (Chem.), a yellow, crystalline, organic acid, extracted from euxanthin.

EUXANTHIN Eux*an"thin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow pigment imported from India and China. It has a strong odor, and is said to be obtained from the urine of herbivorous animals when fed on the mango. It consists if a magnesium salt of euxanthic acid. Called also puri, purree, and Indian yellow.

EUXENITE Eux"e*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A brownish black mineral with a metallic luster, found in Norway. It contains niobium, titanium, yttrium, and uranium, with some other metals.

EVACATE E*va"cate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. e- + vacate.]

Defn: To empty. [Obs.] Harvey.

EVACUANT E*vac"u*ant, a. Etym: [L.evacuans, -antis, p. pr. of evacuare: cf. F. évacuant.]

Defn: Emptying; evacuative; purgative; cathartic. -- n. (Med.)

Defn: A purgative or cathartic.

EVACUATE E*vac"u*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evacuated; p. pr. & vb. n. Evacuating.] Etym: [l. evacuatus, p. p. of evacuare to empty, nullify; e out + vacuus empty, vacare to be empty. See Vacate.]

1. To make empty; to empty out; to remove the contents of; as, to evacuate a vessel or dish.

2. Fig.: To make empty; to deprive. [R.] Evacuate the Scriptures of their most important meaning. Coleriage.

3. To remove; to eject; to void; o discharge, as the contents of a vessel, or of the bowels.

4. To withdraw from; to quit; to retire from; as, soldiers from a country, city, or fortress. The Norwegians were forced to evacuate the country. Burke.

5. To make void; to nullify; to vacate; as, to evacuate a contract or marriage. [Obs.] Bacon.

EVACUATE E*vac"u*ate, v. i.

Defn: To let blood [Obs.] Burton.

EVACUATION E*vac`u*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. evacuatio: cf. F. évacuation.]

1. The act of emptying, clearing of the contents, or discharging. Specifically: (a) (Mil.) Withdrawal of troops from a town, fortress, etc. (b) (Med.) Voidance of any matter by the natural passages of the body or by an artificial opening; defecation; also, a diminution of the fluids of an animal body by cathartics, venesection, or other means.

2. That which is evacuated or discharged; especially, a discharge by stool or other natural means. Quincy.

3. Abolition; nullification. [Obs.] Hooker. Evacuation day, the anniversary of the day on which the British army evacuated the city of New York, November 25, 1783.

EVACUATIVE E*vac"u*a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. évacuatif.]

Defn: Serving of tending to evacuate; cathartic; purgative.

EVACUATOR E*vac"u*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who evacuates; a nullifier. "Evacuators of the law." Hammond.

EVACUATORY E*vac"u*a*to*ry, n.

Defn: A purgative.

EVADE E*vade" (v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evaded; p. pr. & vb. n.. Evading.] Etym: [L. evadere, evasum, e out + vadere to go, walk: cf. F. s'évader. See Wade.]

Defn: To get away from by artifice; to avoid by dexterity, subterfuge, address, or ingenuity; to elude; to escape from cleverly; as, to evade a blow, a pursuer, a punishment; to evade the force of an argument. The heathen had a method, more truly their own, of evading the Christian miracles. Trench.

EVADE E*vade", v. t.

1. To escape; to slip away; -- sometimes with from. "Evading from perils." Bacon. Unarmed they might Have easily, as spirits evaded swift By quick contraction or remove. Milton.

2. To attempt to escape; to practice artifice or sophistry, for the purpose of eluding. The ministers of God are not to evade and take refuge any of these . . . ways. South.

Syn. - To equivocate; shuffle. See Prevaricate.

EVADIBLE E*vad"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being evaded. [R.]

EVAGATION Ev`a*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. evagatio, fr. evagari to wander forth: cf. F. évagation. See Vagary.]

Defn: A wandering about; excursion; a roving. [R.] Ray.

EVAGINATE E*vag"i*nate, a. [L. evaginatus, p. p., unsheathed. See Evagination.]

Defn: Protruded, or grown out, as an evagination; turned inside out; unsheathed; evaginated; as, an evaginate membrane.

EVAGINATE E*vag"i*nate, v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Evaginated; p. pr. & vb. n. Evaginating.]

Defn: To become evaginate; to cause to be evaginate.

EVAGINATION E*vag`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. evaginatio an extending, evaginare to unsheathe; e out + vagina sheath.]

Defn: The act of unsheathing.

EVAL E"val, a. Etym: [L. aevum lifetime, age, eternity.]

Defn: Relating to time or duration. [Obs.]

EVALUATE E*val"u*ate, v. t. Etym: [See Evaluation.]

Defn: To fix the value of; to rate; to appraise.

EVALUATION E*val`u*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. évaluation, LL. evaluatio.]

Defn: Valuation; appraisement. J. S. Mill.

EVANESCE Ev`a*nesce", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Evanesced; p. pr. & vb. n. Evanescing. (.] Etym: [L. evanescere; e out + vanescere to vanish, fr. vanus empty, vain. See Vain, and cf. Evanish.]

Defn: To vanish away; to because dissipated and disappear, like vapor. I believe him to have evanesced or evaporated. De Quincey.

EVANESCENCE Ev`a*nes"cence, n.

Defn: The act or state of vanishing away; disappearance; as, the evanescence of vapor, of a dream, of earthly plants or hopes. Rambler.

EVANESCENT Ev`a*nes"cent, a. Etym: [L. evanescens, -entis, p. pr. of evanescere.]

1. Liable to vanish or pass away like vapor; vanishing; fleeting; as, evanescent joys. So evanescent are the fashions of the world in these particulars. Hawthorne.

2. Vanishing from notice; imperceptible. The difference between right and wrong, is some petty cases, is almost evanescent. Wollaston.

EVANESCENTLY Ev`a*nes"cent*ly, adv. In a vanishing manner

Defn: ; imperceptibly. Chalmers.

EVANGEL E*van"gel, n. Etym: [F. évangile, L. evangelium, Gr. Eu-, and cf. Evangely.]

Defn: Good news; announcement of glad tidings; especially, the gospel, or a gospel. Milton. Her funeral anthem is a glad evangel. Whittier.

EVANGELIAN E`van*ge"li*an, a.

Defn: Rendering thanks for favors.

EVANGELIC E`van*gel"ic, a. Etym: [L. evangelicus, Gr. évangélique. See Evangel.]

Defn: Belonging to, or contained in, the gospel; evangelical. "Evangelic truth." J. Foster.

EVANGELICAL E`van*gel"ic*al, a.

1. Contained in, or relating to, the four Gospels; as, the evangelical history.

2. Belonging to, agreeable or consonant to, or contained in, the gospel, or the truth taught in the New Testament; as, evangelical religion.

3. Earnest for the truth taught in the gospel; strict in interpreting Christian doctrine; preëminetly orthodox; -- technically applied to that party in the Church of England, and in the Protestant Episcopal Church, which holds the doctrine of "Justification by Faith alone"; the Low Church party. The term is also applied to other religion bodies not regarded as orthodox. Evangelical Alliance, an alliance for mutual strengthening and common work, comprising Christians of different denominations and countries, organized in Liverpool, England, in 1845. -- Evangelical Church. (a) The Protestant Church in Germany. (b) A church founded by a fusion of Lutherans and Calvinists in Germany in 1817. -- Evangelical Union, a religion sect founded in Scotland in 1843 by the Rev. James Morison; -- called also Morisonians.

EVANGELICAL E`van*gel"ic*al, n.

Defn: One of evangelical principles.

EVANGELICALISM E`van*gel"ic*al*ism, n.

Defn: Adherence to evangelical doctrines; evangelism. G. Eliot.

EVANGELICALLY E`van*gel"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an evangelical manner.

EVANGELICALNESS E`van*gel"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: State of being evangelical.

EVANGELICISM E`van*gel"i*cism n.

Defn: Evangelical principles; evangelism.

EVANGELICITY E*van`ge*lic"i*ty, n.

Defn: Evangelicism.

EVANGELISM E*van"gel*ism n.

Defn: The preaching or promulgation of the gospel. Bacon.

EVANGELIST E*van"gel*ist, n. Etym: [F. évangéliste, L. evangelista, fr. Gr.

Defn: A bringer of the glad tidings of Church and his doctrines. Specially: (a) A missionary preacher sent forth to prepare the way for a resident pastor; an itinerant missionary preacher. (b) A writer of one of the four Gospels (With the definite article); as, the four evangelists, Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. (c) A traveling preacher whose efforts are chiefly directed to arouse to immediate repentance. The Apostles, so far as they evangelized, might claim the tittle though there were many evangelists who were not Apistles. Plumptre.

EVANGELISTARY E*van`gel*is"ta*ry, n. Etym: [LL. evangelistarium.]

Defn: A selection of passages from the Gospels, as a lesson in divine service. Porson.

EVANGELISTIC E*van`gel*is"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the four evangelists; designed or fitted to evangelize; evangelical; as, evangelistic efforts.

EVANGELIZATION E*van`gel*i*za"tion n.

Defn: The act of evangelizing; the state of being evangelized. The work of Christ's ministers is evangelization. Hobbes.

EVANGELIZE E*van"gel*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evangelized; p. pr. & vb. n. Evangelizing]. Etym: [F. évangélisre, LL. evangelizare, fr. Gr.

Defn: To instruct in the gospel; to preach the gospel to; to convert to Christianity; as, to evangelize the world. His apostles whom he sends To evangelize the nations. Milton.

EVANGELIZE E*van"gel*ize, v. i.

Defn: To preach the gospel.

EVANGELY E*van"ge*ly, n.

Defn: Evangel. [Obs.] The sacred pledge of Christ's evangely. Spenser.

EVANGILE E*van"gile, n. Etym: [F. évangile. See Evangel.]

Defn: Good tidings; evangel. [R.] Above all, the Servians . . . read, with much avidity, the evangile of their freedom. Londor.

EVANID E*van"id, a. Etym: [L. evanidus, fr. evanescere. See Evanesce.]

Defn: Liable to vanish or disappear; faint; weak; evanescent; as, evanid color. [Obs.] They are very transistory and evanid. Barrow.

EVANISH E*van"ish, v. i. Etym: [Pref. e- + vanish: cf. L. evanescere. See Evanesce, vanish.]

Defn: To vanish. Or like the rainbow's lovely form, Evanishing amid the storm. Burns.

EVANISHMENT E*van"ish*ment, n.

Defn: A vanishing; disappearance. [R.] T. Jefferson.

EVAPORABLE E*vap"o*ra*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being converted into vapor, or dissipated by evaporation.

EVAPORATE E*vap"o*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evaporated; p. pr. & vb. n. Evaporating.] Etym: [L. evaporatus, p. p. of evaporare; e out + vapor steam or vapor. See Vapor.]

1. To pass off in vapor, as a fluid; to escape and be dissipated, either in visible vapor, or in practice too minute to be visible.

2. To escape or pass off without effect; to be dissipated; to be wasted, as, the spirit of writer often evaporates in the process of translation. To give moderate liberty for griefs and discontents to evaporate . . . is a safe way. Bacon.

EVAPORATE E*vap"o*rate, v. t.

1. To convert from a liquid or solid state into vapor (usually) by the agency of heat; to dissipate in vapor or fumes.

2. To expel moisture from (usually by means of artificial heat), leaving the solid portion; to subject to evaporation; as, to evaporate apples.

3. To give vent to; to dissipate. [R.] My lord of Essex evaporated his thoughts in a sonnet. Sir. H. Wotton. Evaporating surface (Steam Boilers), that part of the heating surface with which water is in contact.

EVAPORATE E*vap"o*rate, a. Etym: [L. evaporatus, p. p.]

Defn: Dispersed in vapors. Thomson.

EVAPORATION E*vap`o*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. evaporatio: cf. F. évaporation.]

1. The process by which any substance is converted from a liquid state into, and carried off in, vapor; as, the evaporation of water, of ether, of camphor.

2. The transformation of a portion of a fluid into vapor, in order to obtain the fixed matter contained in it in a state of greater consistence.

3. That which is evaporated; vapor.

4. (Steam Engine)

Defn: See Vaporization.

EVAPORATIVE E*vap"o*ra*tive, a. Etym: [L. evaporatius: cf. F. évaporatif.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or producing, evaporation; as, the evaporative process.

EVAPORATOR E*vap"o*ra`tor, n.

Defn: An apparatus for condensing vegetable juices, or for drying fruit by heat.

EVAPOROMETER E*vap`o*rom"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. evaporare to evaporate + -meter: cf. F. évapormètre.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for ascertaining the quantity of a fluid evaporated in a given time; an atmometer.

EVASIBLE E*va"si*ble, a.

Defn: That may be evaded. [R.]

EVASION E*va"sion, n. Etym: [L. evasio: cf. F. évasion. See Evade.]

Defn: The act of eluding or avoiding, particularly the pressure of an argument, accusation, charge, or interrogation; artful means of eluding. Thou . . . by evasions thy crime uncoverest more. Milton.

Syn. -- Shift; subterfuge; shuffling; prevarication; equivocation.

EVASIVE E*va"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. évasif. See Evade.]

Defn: Tending to evade, or marked by evasion; elusive; shuffling; avoiding by artifice. Thus he, though conscious of the ethereal guest, Answered evasive of the sly request. Pope. Stammered out a few evasive phrases. Macaulay. -- E*va"sive*ly , adv. -- E*va"sive*ness, n.

EVE Eve, n. Etym: [See Even, n.]

1. Evening. [Poetic] Winter oft, at eve resumes the breeze. Thomson.

2. The evening before a holiday, -- from the Jewish mode of reckoning the day as beginning at sunset. not at midnight; as, Christians eve is the evening before Christmas; also, the period immediately preceding some important event. "On the eve of death." Keble. Eve churr (Zoöl), the European goatsucker or nightjar; -- called also night churr, and churr owl.

EVECTICS E*vec"tics, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The branch of medical science which teaches the method of acquiring a good habit of body. [Obs.]

EVECTION E*vec"tion. Etym: [L. evectio a going up, fr. evehere to carry out; e out + vehere to carry: cf. F évection.]

1. The act of carrying up or away; exaltation. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

2. (Astron.) (a) An inequality of the moon's motion is its orbit to the attraction of the sun, by which the equation of the center is diminished at the syzygies, and increased at the quadratures by about 1º 20'. (b) The libration of the moon. Whewell.

EVEN E"ven n. Etym: [OE. eve, even, efen, æfen. AS. æfen; akin to OS. aband, OFries, avend, D. avond, OHG. aband, Icel. aptan, Sw. afton, Dan. aften; of unknown origin. Cf. Eve, Evening.]

Defn: Evening. See Eve, n. 1. [Poetic.] Shak.

EVEN E"ven, a. Etym: [AS. efen. efn; akin to OS. eban, D. even, OHG. eban, G. efen, Icel. jafn, Dan. jevn, Sw. jämn, Goth. ibns. Cf. Anent, Ebb.]

1. Level, smooth, or equal in surface; not rough; free from irregularities; hence uniform in rate of motion of action; as, even ground; an even speed; an even course of conduct.

2. Equable; not easily ruffed or disturbed; calm; uniformly self- possessed; as, an even temper.

3. Parallel; on a level; reaching the same limit. And shall lay thee even with the ground. Luke xix. 44.

4. Balanced; adjusted; fair; equitable; impartial; just to both side; owing nothing on either side; -- said of accounts, bargains, or persons indebted; as, our accounts are even; an even bargain. To make the even truth in pleasure flow. Shak.

5. Without an irregularity, flaw, or blemish; pure. "I know my life so even." Shak.

6. Associate; fellow; of the same condition. [Obs.] "His even servant." Wyclif (Matt.

7. Not odd; capable of division by two without a remainder; -- said of numbers; as, 4 and 10 are even numbers. Whether the number of the stars is even or odd. Jer. Taylor. On even ground, with equal advantage. -- On even keel (Naut.), in a level or horizontal position.

EVEN E"ven, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evened; p. pr. & vb. n. Evening]

1. To make even or level; to level; to lay smooth. His temple Xerxes evened with the soil. Sir. W. Raleigh. It will even all inequalities Evelyn.

2. To equal [Obs.] "To even him in valor." Fuller.

3. To place in an equal state, as to obligation, or in a state in which nothing is due on either side; to balance, as accounts; to make quits. Shak.

4. To set right; to complete.

5. To act up to; to keep pace with. Shak.

EVEN E"ven, v. i.

Defn: To be equal. [Obs.] R. Carew.

EVEN E"ven, adv. Etym: [AS. efne. See Even, a., and cf. E'en.]

1. In an equal or precisely similar manner; equally; precisely; just; likewise; as well. "Is it even so" Shak. Even so did these Gauls possess the coast. Spenser.

2. Up to, or down to, an unusual measure or level; so much as; fully; quite. Thou wast a soldier Even to Cato's wish. Shak. Without . . . making us even sensible of the change. Swift.

3. As might not be expected; -- serving to introduce what is unexpected or less expected. I have made several discoveries, which appear new, even to those who are versed in critical learning. Addison.

4. At the very time; in the very case. I knew they were had enough to please, even when I wrote them. Dryden.

Note: Even is sometimes used to emphasize a word or phrase. "I have debated even in my soul." Shak. By these presence, even the presence of Lord Mortimer. Shak.

EVENE E*vene", v. i. Etym: [L. evenire. See Event.]

Defn: To happen. [Obs.] Hewyt.

EVENER E"ven*er, n.

1. One who, or that which makes even.

2. In vehicles, a swinging crossbar, to the ends of which other crossbars, or whiffletrees, are hung, to equalize the draught when two or three horses are used abreast.

EVENFALL E"ven*fall`, n.

Defn: Beginning of evening. "At the quiet evenfall." Tennyson.

EVENHAND E"ven*hand`, n.

Defn: Equality. [Obs.] Bacon.

EVENHANDED E"ven*hand`ed, a.

Defn: Fair or impartial; unbiased. "Evenhanded justice." Shak. -- E"ven*hand`ed*ly, adv. -- E"ven*hand`ed*ness, n.

EVENING E"ven*ing, n. Etym: [AS. æfnung. See even, n., and cf. Eve.]

1. The latter part and close of the day, and the beginning of darkness or night; properly, the decline of the day, or of the sum. In the ascending scale Of heaven, the stars that usher evening rose. Milton.

Note: Sometimes, especially in the Southern parts of the United States, the afternoon is called evening. Bartlett.

2. The latter portion, as of life; the declining period, as of strength or glory.

Note: Sometimes used adjectively; as, evening gun. "Evening Prayer." Shak. Evening flower (Bot.), a genus of iridaceous plants (Hesperantha) from the Cape of Good Hope, with sword-shaped leaves, and sweet-scented flowers which expand in the evening. -- Evening grosbeak (Zoöl.), an American singing bird (Coccothraustes vespertina) having a very large bill. Its color is olivaceous, with the crown, wings, and tail black, and the under tail coverts yellow. So called because it sings in the evening. -- Evening primrose. See under Primrose. -- The evening star, the bright star of early evening in the western sky, soon passing below the horizon; specifically, the planet Venus; -- called also Vesper and Hesperus. During portions of the year, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn are also evening stars. See Morning Star.

EVENLY E"ven*ly, adv.

Defn: With an even, level, or smooth surface; without roughness, elevations, or depression; uniformly; equally; comfortably; impartially; serenely.

EVENMINDED E"ven*mind`ed, a.

Defn: Having equanimity.

EVENNESS E"ven*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being ven, level, or disturbed; smoothness; horizontal position; uniformity; impartiality; calmness; equanimity; appropriate place or level; as, evenness of surface, of a fluid at rest, of motion, of dealings, of temper, of condition. It had need be something extraordinary, that must warrant an ordinary person to rise higher than his own evenness. Jer. Taylor.

EVENSONG E"ven*song`, n. Etym: [AS. æfensang.]

Defn: A song for the evening; the evening service or form of worship (in the Church of England including vespers and compline); also, the time of evensong. Wyclif. Milton.

EVENT E*vent", n. Etym: [L. eventus, fr. evenire to happen, come out; e out + venire to come. See Come.]

1. That which comes, arrives, or happens; that which falls out; any incident, good or bad. "The events of his early years." Macaulay. To watch quietly the course of events. Jowett (Thucyd. ) There is one event to the righteous, and to the wicked. Eccl. ix. 2.

2. An affair in hand; business; enterprise. [Obs.] "Leave we him to his events." Shak.

3. The consequence of anything; the issue; conclusion; result; that in which an action, operation, or series of operations, terminates. Dark doubts between the promise and event. Young.

Syn. -- Incident; occurrence; adventure; issue; result; termination; consequence; conclusion. -- Event, Occurrence, Incident, Circumstance. An event denotes that which arises from a preceding state of things. Hence we speak or watching the event; of tracing the progress of events. An occurrence has no reference to any antecedents, but simply marks that which meets us in our progress through life, as if by chance, or in the course of divine providence. The things which thus meet us, if important, are usually connected with antecedents; and hence event is the leading term. In the "Declaration of Independence" it is said, "When, in the cource of human events, it becomes necessary." etc. Here, occurrences would be out of place. An incident is that which falls into a state of things to which is does not primarily belong; as, the incidents of a journey. The term is usually applied to things of secondary importance. A circumstance is one of the things surrounding us in our path of life. These may differ greatly in importance; but they are always outsiders, which operate upon us from without, exerting greater or less influence according to their intrinsic importance. A person giving an account of a campaign might dwell on the leading events which it produced; might mention some of its striking occurrences; might allude to some remarkable incidents which attended it; and might give the details of the favorable or adverse circumstances which marked its progress.

EVENT E*vent", v. t. Etym: [F. éventer to fan, divulge, LL. eventare to fan, fr., L. e out + ventus wind.]

Defn: To break forth. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

EVENTERATE E*ven"ter*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. e out + venter the belly: cf. F. éventer.]

Defn: To rip open; todisembowel. [Obs.] Sir. T. Brown.

EVENTFUL E*vent"ful a.

Defn: Full of, or rich in, events or incidents; as, an eventful journey; an eventful period of history; an eventful period of life.

EVENTIDE E"ven*tide` n. Etym: [AS. æfentid. See Tide.]

Defn: The time of evening; evening. [Poetic.] Spenser.

EVENTILATE E*ven"ti*late, v. t. Etym: [L. eventilatus, p. p. of eventilare to fan. See Ventilate.]

1. To winnow out; to fan. [Obs.] Cockeram.

2. To discuss; to ventilate. [Obs.] Johnson.

EVENTILATION E*ven`ti*la"tion, n.

Defn: The act of eventilating; discussion. [Obs.] Bp. Berkely.

EVENTLESS E*vent"less, a.

Defn: Without events; tame; monotomous; marked by nothing unusual; uneventful.

EVENTOGNATHI Ev`en*tog"na*thi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Dr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes including a vast number of freshwater species such as the carp, loach, chub, etc.

EVENTRATION E`ven*tra*tion, n. Etym: [L. e out + venter belly.] (Med.) (a) A tumor containing a large portion of the abdominal viscera, occasioned by relaxation of the walls of the abdomen. (b) A wound, of large extent, in the abdomen, through which the greater part of the intestines protrude. (c) The act af disemboweling.

EVENTUAL E*ven"tu*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. éventiel. See Event.]

1. Coming or happening as a consequence or result; consequential. Burke.

2. Final; ultimate. "Eventual success." Cooper.

3. (Law)

Defn: Dependent on events; contingent. Marshall.

EVENTUALITY E*ven`tu*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Eventualities. Etym: [Cf. F. éventualité.]

1. The coming as a consequence; contingency; also, an event which comes as a consequence.

2. (Phren.)

Defn: Disposition to take cognizance of events.

EVENTUALLY E*ven"tu*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an eventual manner; finally; ultimately.

EVENTUATE E*ven"tu*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Eventuated; p. pr. & vb. n. Eventuating.]

Defn: To come out finally or in conclusion; to result; to come to pass.

EVENTUATION E*ven`tu*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of eventuating or happening as a result; the outcome. R. W. Hamilton.

EVER Ev"er adv. Etym: [OE. ever, æfre, AS. æfre; perh. akin to AS. a always. Cf. Aye, Age,Evry, Never.] [Sometimes contracted into e'er.]

1. At any time; at any period or point of time. No man ever yet hated his own flesh. Eph. v. 29.

2. At all times; through all time; always; forever. He shall ever love, and always be The subject of by scorn and cruelty. Dryder.

3. Without cessation; continually.

Note: Ever is sometimes used as an intensive or a word of enforcement. "His the old man e'er a son" Shak. To produce as much as ever they can. M. Arnold. Ever and anon, now and then; often. See under Anon. -- Ever is one, continually; constantly. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Ever so, in whatever degree; to whatever extent; -- used to intensify indefinitely the meaning of the associated adjective or adverb. See Never so, under Never. "Let him be ever so rich." Emerson. And all the question (wrangle e'er so long), Is only this, if God has placed him wrong. Pope. You spend ever so much money in entertaining your equals and betters. Thackeray. -- For ever, eternally. See Forever. -- For ever and a day, emphatically forever. Shak. She [Fortune] soon wheeled away, with scornful laughter, out of sight for ever and day. Prof. Wilson. -- Or ever (for or ere), before. See Or, ere. [Archaic] Would I had met my dearest foe in heaven Or ever I had seen that day, Horatio! Shak.

Note: Ever is sometimes joined to its adjective by a hyphen, but in most cases the hyphen is needless; as, ever memorable, ever watchful, ever burning.

EVERDURING Ev`er*dur"ing a.

Defn: Everlasting. Shak.

EVERGLADE Ev`er*glade, n.

Defn: A swamp or low tract of land inundated with water and interspersed with hummocks, or small islands, and patches of high grass; as, the everglades of Florida. [U. S.]

EVERGREEN Ev"er*green a. (Bot.)

Defn: Remaining unwithered through the winter, or retaining unwithered leaves until the leaves of the next year are expanded, as pines cedars, hemlocks, and the like.

EVERGREEN Ev"er*green, n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An evergreen plant.

2. pl.

Defn: Twigs and branches of evergreen plants used for decoration. "The funeral evengreens entwine." Keble.

EVERGREEN STATE Evergreen State.

Defn: Washington; -- a nickname alluding to the abundance of evergreen trees.

EVERICH; EVERYCH Ev"er*ich, Ev"er*ych, a. Etym: [OE. see Every.]

Defn: each one; every one; each of two. See Every. [Obs.] Chaucer.

EVERICHON; EVERYCHON Ev`er*ich*on", Ev`er*ych*on", pron. Etym: [OE. everich + oon, on, one. See Every, and One.]

Defn: Every one. [Obs.] Chaucer.

EVERLASTING Ever*last"ing a.

1. Lasting or enduring forever; exsisting or continuing without end; immoral; eternal. "The Everlasting God." Gen. xx1. 33.

2. Continuing indefinitely, or during a long period; perpetual; sometimes used, colloquially, as a strong intensive; as, this everlasting nonsence. I will give to thee, and to thy seed after thee . . . the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession. Gen xvii. 8. And heard thy everlasting yawn confess The pains and penalties of idleness. Pope.

Syn. -- Eternal; immortal, interminable; endless; never-ending; infinite; unceasing; uninterrupted; continual; unintermitted; incessant. - Everlasting, Eternal. Eternal denotes (when taken strictly) without beginning or end of duration; everlasting is sometimes used in our version of the Scriptures in the sense of eternal, but in modern usage is confined to the future, and implies no intermission as well as no end. Whether we shall meet again I know not; Therefore our everlasting farewell take; Forever, and forever farewell, Cassius. Shak. Everlasting flower. Sane as Everlasting, n., 3. -- Everlasting pea, an ornamental plant (Lathyrus latifolius) related to the pea; -- so called because it is perennial.

EVERLASTING Ev`er*last"ing, n.

1. Eternal duration, past of future; eternity. From everlasting to everlasting, thou art God. Ps. xc. 2.

2. (With the definite article) The Eternal Being; God.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant whose flowers may be dried without losing their form or color, as the pearly everlasting (Anaphalis margaritacea), the immortelle of the French, the cudweeds, etc.

4. A cloth fabic for shoes, etc. See Lasting.

EVERLASTINGLY Ev`er*last"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In an everlasting manner.

EVERLASTINGNESS Ev`er*last"ing*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being everlasting; endless duration; indefinite duration.

EVERLIVING Ev`er*liv"ing, a.

1. Living always; immoral; eternal; as, the everliving God.

2. Continual; incessant; unintermitted.

EVERMORE Ev`er*more", adv.

Defn: During eternity; always; forever; for an indefinite period; at all times; -- often used substantively with for. Seek the Lord . . . Seek his face evermore. Ps. cv. 4. And, behold, I am alive for evermore. Rev. i. 18. Which flow from the presence of God for evermore. Tillotson. I evermore did love you, Hermia. Shak.

EVERNIC E*ver"nic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to Evernia, a genus of lichens; as, evernic acid.

EVERSE E*verse", v. t. Etym: [L. eversus, p. p. of evertere to turn out, overthrow; e out + vertere to turn. Cf. Evert.]

Defn: To overthrow or subvert. [Obs.] Glanvill.

EVERSION E*ver"sion, n. Etym: [L. eversio: cf. F. éversion.]

1. The act of eversing; destruction. Jer. Taylor.

2. The state of being turned back or outward; as, eversion of eyelids; ectropium.

EVERSIVE E*ver"sive, a.

Defn: Tending to evert or overthrow; subversive; with of. A maxim eversive . . . of all justice and morality. Geddes.

EVERT E*vert", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Everted; p. pr. & vb. n. Everting.] Etym: [L. evertere. See Everse.]

1. To overthrow; to subvert. [R.] Ayliffe.

2. To turn outwards, or inside out, as an intestine.

EVERY Ev"er*y, a. & a. pron. Etym: [OE. everich, everilk; AS. ever + ælc each. See Ever, each.]

1. All the parts which compose a whole collection or aggregate number, considered in their individuality, all taken separately one by one, out of an indefinite bumber. Every man at his best state is altogether vanity. Ps. xxxix. 5. Every door and window was adorned with wreaths of flowers. Macaulay.

2. Every one. Cf. Each. [Obs.] "Every of your wishes." Shak. Daily occasions given to every of us. Hooker. Every each, every one. [Obs.] "Every each of them hath some vices." Burton.. -- Every now and then, at short intervals; occasionally; repeatedly; frequently. [Colloq.]

Note: Every may, by way of emphasis, precede the article the with a superlative adjective; as, every, the least variation. Locke.

Syn. -- Every, Each, Any. Any denotes one, or some, taken indifferently from the individuals which compose a class. Every differs from each in giving less promonence to the selection of the individual. Each relates to two or more individuals of a class. It refers definitely to every one of them, denoting that they are considered separately, one by one, all being included; as, each soldier was receiving a dollar per day. Every relates to more than two and brings into greater prominence the notion that not one of all considered is excepted; as, every soldier was on service, except the cavalry, that is, all the soldiers, etc. In each division there were four pentecosties, in every pentecosty four enomoties, and of each enomoty there fought in the front rank four [soldiers]. Jowett (Thucyd. ). If society is to be kept together and the children of Adam to be saved from setting up each for himself with every one else his foe. J. H. Newman.

EVERYBODY Ev"er*y*bod`y, n.

Defn: Every person.

EVERYDAY Ev"er*y*day`, a.

Defn: Used or fit for every day; common; usual; as, an everyday suit or clothes. The mechanical drudgery of his everyday employment. Sir. J. Herchel.

EVERYONE Ev"er*y*one`, n. Etym: [OE. everychon.]

Defn: Everybody; -- commonly separated, every one.

EVERYTHING Ev"er*y*thing`, n.

Defn: Whatever pertains to the subject under consideration; all things. More wise, more learned, more just, more everything. Pope.

EVERYWHEN Ev"er*y*when`, adv.

Defn: At any or all times; every instant. [R.] "Eternal law is silently present everywhere and everywhen." Carlyle.

EVERYWHERE Ev"er*y*where`, adv.

Defn: In every place; in all places; hence, in every part; throughly; altogether.

EVERYWHERENESS Ev"er*y*where`ness, n.

Defn: Ubiquity; omnipresence. [R.] Grew.

EVESDROP Eves"drop`, v. i.

Defn: See Eavesdrop.

EVESDROPPER Eves"drop`per, n.

Defn: See Eavesdropper.

EVESTIGATE E*ves"ti*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. evestigatus traced out; e out + vestigatus, p. p. of vestigare. See Vestigate.]

Defn: To investigate. [Obs.] Bailey.

EVET Ev"et, n. Etym: [See Eft, n.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common newt or eft. In America often applied to several species of aquatic salamanders. [Written also evat.]

EVIBRATE E*vi"brate, v. t. & i. Etym: [L. evibrare. See Vibrate.]

Defn: To vibrate. [Obs.] Cockeram.

EVICT E*vict", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evicted; p. pr. & vb. n. Evicting.] Etym: [L. evictus, p. p. of evincere to overcome completely, evict. See Evince.]

1. (Law)

Defn: To dispossess by a judicial process; to dispossess by paramount right or claim of such right; to eject; to oust. The law of England would speedily evict them out of their possession. Sir. J. Davies.

2. To evince; to prove. [Obs.] Cheyne.

EVICTION E*vic"tion, n. Etym: [L. evictio: cf. F. éviction.]

1. The act or process of evicting; or state of being evicted; the recovery of lands, tenements, etc., from another's possession by due course of law; dispossession by paramount title or claim of such title; ejectment; ouster.

2. Conclusive evidence; proof. [Obs.] Full eviction of this fatal truth. South.

EVIDENCE Ev"i*dence, n. Etym: [F. évidence, L. Evidentia. See Evident.]

1. That which makes evident or manifest; that which furnishes, or tends to furnish, proof; any mode of proof; the ground of belief or judgement; as, the evidence of our senses; evidence of the truth or falsehood of a statement. Faith is . . . the evidence of things not seen. Heb. xi. 1. O glorious trial of exceeding love Illustrious evidence, example high. Milton.

2. One who bears witness. [R.] "Infamous and perjured evidences." Sir W. Scott.

3. (Law)

Defn: That which is legally submitted to competent tribunal, as a means of ascertaining the truth of any alleged matter of fact under investigation before it; means of making proof; -- the latter, strictly speaking, not being synonymous with evidence, but rather the effect of it. Greenleaf. Circumstantial evidence, Conclusive evidence, etc. See under Circumstantial, Conclusive, etc. -- Crown's, King's, or Queen's evidence, evidence for the crown. [Eng.] -- State's evidence, evidence for the government or the people. [U. S. ] -- To turn King's, Queen's or State's evidence, to confess a crime and give evidence against one's accomplices.

Syn. -- Testimony; proof. See Tesimony.

EVIDENCE Ev"i*dence, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evidenced; p, pr. & vb. n. Evidencing.]

Defn: To render evident or clear; to prove; to evince; as, to evidence a fact, or the guilt of an offender. Milton.

EVIDENCER Ev"i*den*cer, n.

Defn: One whi gives evidence.

EVIDENT Ev"i*dent, a. Etym: [F. évinent, l. evidens, -entis; e out + videns, p. pr. of videre to see. See Vision.]

Defn: Clear to the vision; especially, clear to the understanding, and satisfactory to the judgment; as, the figure or color of a body is evident to the senses; the guilt of an offender can not always be made evident. Your honor and your goodness is so evident. Shak. And in our faces evident the sings Of foul concupiscence. Milton.

Syn. -- Manifest; plain; clear; obvious; visible; apparent; conclusive; indubitable; palpable; notorious. See Manifest.

EVIDENTIAL Ev`i*den"tial, a.

Defn: Relating to, or affording, evidence; indicative; especially, relating to the evidences of Christianity. Bp. Fleetwood. "Evidential tracks." Earle.. -- Ev`i*den"tial*ly, adv.

EVIDENTIARY Ev`i*den"ti*a*ry, a.

Defn: Furnishing evidence; asserting; proving; evidential. When a fact is supposed, although incorrectly, to be evidentiary of, a mark of, some other fact. J. S. Mill.

EVIDENTLY Ev"i*dent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an evident manner; clearly; plainly. Before whose eyes Jesus Christ hath been evidently set forth. Gal. iii. 1. He has evidently in the prime of youth. W. Irving.

EVIDENTNESS Ev"i*dent*ness, n.

Defn: State of being evident.

EVIGILATION E*vig`i*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. evigilatio; e out + vigilare to be awake. See Vigilant.]

Defn: A waking up or awakening. [Obs.]

EVIL E*vil a. Etym: [OE. evel, evil, ifel, uvel, AS. yfel; akin to OFries, evel, D. euvel, OS. & OHG. ubil, G. übel, Goth. ubils, and perh. to E. over.]

1. Having qualities tending to injury and mischief; having a nature or properties which tend to badness; mischievous; not good; worthless or deleterious; poor; as, an evil beast; and evil plant; an evil crop. A good tree can not bring forth evil fruit. Matt. vii. 18.

2. Having or exhibiting bad moral qualities; morally corrupt; wicked; wrong; vicious; as, evil conduct, thoughts, heart, words, and the like. Ah, what a sign it is of evil life, When death's approach is seen so terrible. Shak.

3. Producing or threatening sorrow, distress, injury, or calamity; unpropitious; calamitous; as, evil tidings; evil arrows; evil days. Because he hath brought up an evil name upon a virgin of Israel. Deut. xxii. 19. The owl shrieked at thy birth -- an evil sign. Shak. Evil news rides post, while good news baits. Milton. Evil eye, an eye which inflicts injury by some magical or fascinating influence. It is still believed by the ignorant and superstitious that some persons have the supernatural power of injuring by a look. It almost led him to believe in the evil eye. J. H. Newman. -- Evil speaking, speaking ill of others; calumny; censoriousness. -- The evil one, the Devil; Satan.

Note: Evil is sometimes written as the first part of a compound (with or without a hyphen). In many cases the compounding need not be insisted on. Examples: Evil doer or evildoer, evil speakink or evil- speaking, evil worker, evil wishink, evil-hearted, evil-minded.

Syn. -- Mischieveous; pernicious; injurious; hurtful; destructive; wicked; sinful; bad; corrupt; perverse; wrong; vicious; calamitious.

EVIL E"vil n.

1. Anything which impairs the happiness of a being or deprives a being of any good; anything which causes suffering of any kind to sentient beings; injury; mischief; harm; -- opposed to Ant: good. Evils which our own misdeeds have wrought. Milton. The evil that men do lives after them. Shak.

2. Moral badness, or the deviation of a moral being from the principles of virtue imposed by conscience, or by the will of the Supreme Being, or by the principles of a lawful human authority; disposition to do wrong; moral offence; wickedness; depravity. The heart of the sons of men is full of evil. Eccl. ix. 3.

3. malady or disease; especially in the phrase king's evil, the scrofula. [R.] Shak. He [Edward the Confessor] was the first that touched for the evil. Addison.

EVIL E"vil, adv.

Defn: In an evil manner; not well; ill; badly; unhappily; injuriously; unkindly. Shak. It went evil with his house. 1 Chron. vii. 23. The Egyptians evil entreated us, and affected us. Deut. xxvi. 6.

EVIL EYE E"vil eye`

Defn: . See Evil eye under Evil, a.

EVIL-EYED E"vil-eyed a.

Defn: Possessed of the supposed evil eye; also, looking with envy, jealousy, or bad design; malicious. Shak.

EVIL-FAVORED E"vil-fa`vored, a.

Defn: Having a bad countenance or appearance; ill-favored; blemished; deformed. Bacon. -- E"vil-fa`vored*ness, n. Deut. xvi. 1.

EVILLY E"vil*ly, adv.

Defn: In an evil manner; not well; ill. [Obs.] "Good deeds evilly bestowed." Shak.

EVIL-MINDED E"vil-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Having evil dispositions or intentions; disposed to mischief or sin; malicious; malignant; wicked. -- E"vil-mind`ed*ness, n.

EVILNESS E"vil*ness, n.

Defn: The condition or quality of being evil; badness; viciousness; malignity; vileness; as, evilness of heart; the evilness of sin.

EVINCE E*vince", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evinced; p. pr. & vb. n. Evincing.] Etym: [L. evincere vanquish completely, prevail, succeed in proving; e out + vincere to vanquish. See Victor, and cf. Evict.]

1. To conquer; to subdue. [Obs.] Error by his own arms is best evinced. Milton.

2. To show in a clear manner; to prove beyond any reasonable doubt; to manifest; to make evident; to bring to light; to evidence. Common sense and experience must and will evince the truth of this. South.

EVINCEMENT E*vince"ment, n.

Defn: The act of evincing or proving, or the state of being evinced.

EVINCIBLE E*vin"ci*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being proved or clearly brought to light; demonstrable. Sir. M. Hale. --E*vin"ci*bly, adv.

EVINCIVE E*vin"cive, a.

Defn: Tending to prove; having the power to demonstrate; demonstrative; indicative.

EVIRATE E"vi*rate, v. t. Etym: [L. eviratus, p. p. of evirare to castrate; e out + vir man.]

Defn: To emasculate; to dispossess of manhood. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

EVIRATION Ev`i*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. eviratio.]

Defn: Castration. [Obs.]

EVISCERATE E*vis"cer*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eviscerated; p. pr. & vb. n. Eviscerating.] Etym: [L. evisceratus, p. p. of eviscerare to eviscerate; e out + viscera the bowels. See Viscera.]

Defn: To take out the entrails of; to disembowel; to gut.

EVISCERATION E*vis`cer*a"tion, a.

Defn: A disemboweling.

EVITABLE Ev"i*ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. evitabilis: cf. F. évitable.]

Defn: A voidable. [R.] Hooker.

EVITATE Ev"i*tate, v. t. Etym: [L. evitatus, p. p. of evitare to shun; e out + vitare to shun.]

Defn: To shun; to avoid. [Obs.] Shak.

EVITATION Ev`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. evitatio.]

Defn: A shunning; avoidance. [Obs.] Bacon.

EVITE E*vite", v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. éviter. See Evitate.]

Defn: To shun. [Obs.] Dryton.

EVITERNAL Ev`i*ter"nal, a. Etym: [L. eviternus, aeternus. See Etern.]

Defn: Eternal; everlasting. [Obs.] -- Ev`i*ter"nal*ly, adv. Bp. Hall.

EVITERNITY Ev`i*ter"ni*ty, n.

Defn: Eternity. [Obs.]

EVOCATE Ev"o*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. evocatus, p. p. of evocare. See Evoke.]

Defn: To call out or forth; to summon; to evoke. [R.] Stackhouse.

EVOCATION Ev`o*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. evocatio: cf. F. évocation.]

Defn: The act of calling out or forth. Sir. T. Browne. The evocation of that better spirit. M. Arnold.

EVOCATIVE E*vo"ca*tive, a.

Defn: Calling forth; serving to evoke; developing. Evocative power over all that is eloquent and expressive in the better soul of man. W. Pater.

EVOCATOR Ev"o*ca`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who calls forth. [R.]

EVOKE E*voke", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evoked; p. pr. & vb. n. Evoking.] Etym: [L. evocare; e out + vocare to call, fr. vox, vocis, voice: cf. F évoquer. See Voice, and cf. Evocate.]

1. To call out; to summon forth. To evoke the queen of the fairies. T. Warton. A requlating discipline of exercise, that whilst evoking the human energies, will not suffer them to be wasted. De Quincey.

2. To call away; to remove from one tribunal to another. [R.] "The cause was evoked to Rome." Hume.

EVOLATIC; EVOLATICAL Ev`o*lat"ic, Ev`o*lat"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. evolare to fly away; e out + volare to fly.]

Defn: Apt to fly away. [Obs. or R.] Blount.

EVOLATION Ev`o*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. evolatio.]

Defn: A flying out or up. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

EVOLUTE Ev"o*lute, n. Etym: [L. evolutus unrolled, p. p. of evolvere. See Evolve.] (Geom.)

Defn: A curve from which another curve, called the involute or evolvent, is described by the end of a thread gradually wound upon the former, or unwound from it. See Involute. It is the locus of the centers of all the circles which are osculatory to the given curve or evolvent.

Note: Any curve may be an evolute, the term being applied to it only in its relation to the involute.

EVOLUTILITY Ev`o*lu*til"i*ty, n. Etym: [See Evolution.] (Biol.)

Defn: The faculty possessed by all substances capable of self- nourishment of manifesting the nutritive acts by changes of form, of volume, or of structure. Syd. Soc. Lex.

EVOLUTION Ev`o*lu"tion, n. Etym: [L. evolutio an unrolling: cf. F. évolution evolution. See Evolve.]

1. The act of unfolding or unrolling; hence, in the process of growth; development; as, the evolution of a flower from a bud, or an animal from the egg.

2. A series of things unrolled or unfolded. "The whole evolution of ages." Dr. H. More.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: The formation of an involute by unwrapping a thread from a curve as an evolute. Hutton.

4. (Arith. & Alg.)

Defn: The extraction of roots; -- the reverse of involution.

5. (Mil. & Naval)

Defn: A prescribed movement of a body of troops, or a vessel or fleet; any movement designed to effect a new arrangement or disposition; a maneuver. Those evolutions are best which can be executed with the greatest celerity, compatible with regularity. Campbell.

6. (Biol.) (a) A general name for the history of the steps by which any living organism has acquired the morphological and physiological characters which distinguish it; a gradual unfolding of successive phases of growth or development. (b) That theory of generation which supposes the germ to preëxist in the parent, and its parts to be developed, but not actually formed, by the procreative act; -- opposed to epigenesis.

7. (Metaph.)

Defn: That series of changes under natural law which involves continuous progress from the homogeneous to the heterogeneous in structure, and from the single and simple to the diverse and manifold in quality or function. The pocess is by some limited to organic beings; by others it is applied to the inorganic and the psychical. It is also applied to explain the existence and growth of institutions, manners, language, civilization, and every product of human activity. The agencies and laws of the process are variously explained by different philosophrs. Evolution is to me series with development. Gladstone.

EVOLUTIONAL Ev`o*lu"tion*al, a.

Defn: Relating to evolution. "Evolutional changes." H. Spenser.

EVOLUTIONARY Ev`o*lu"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Relating to evolution; as, evolutionary discussions.

EVOLUTIONISM Ev`o*lu"tion*ism, n.

Defn: The theory of, or belief in, evolution. See Evolution, 6 and 7.

EVOLUTIONIST Ev`o*lu"tion*ist, n.

1. One skilled in evolutions.

2. one who holds the doctrine of evolution, either in biology or in metaphysics. Darwin.

EVOLVE E*volve", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evolved; p. pr. & vb. n. Evolving.] Etym: [L. evolvere, evolutum; e out + volvere to roll. See Voluble.]

1. To unfold or unroll; to open and expand; to disentangle and exhibit clearly and satisfactorily; to develop; to derive; to educe. The animal soul sooner evolves itself to its full orb and extent than the human soul. Sir. M. Hale. The principles which art involves, science alone evolves. Whewell. Not by any power evolved from man's own resources, but by a power which descended from above. J. C. Shairp.

2. To throw out; to emit; as, to evolve odors.

EVOLVE E*volve", v. i.

Defn: To become open, disclosed, or developed; to pass through a process of evolution. Prior.

EVOLVEMENT E*volve"ment, n.

Defn: The act of evolving, or the state of being evolved; evolution.

EVOLVENT E*volv"ent, n. Etym: [L. evolvents. -entis, unrolling, p. pr. of evolvere.] (Geom.)

Defn: The involute of a curve. See Involute, and Evolute.

EVOMIT E*vom"it, v. t. Etym: [L. evomitus, p. p. of evomere to vomit forth; e out + vomere.]

Defn: To vomit. [Obs.]

EVOMITION Ev`o*mi"tion, n.

Defn: The act of vomiting. [Obs.] Swift.

EVULGATE E*vul"gate v. t. Etym: [L. evulgatus, p. p. of evulgare to publish.]

Defn: To publish abroad. [Obs.]

EVULGATION Ev`ul*ga"tion, n.

Defn: A divulging. [Obs.]

EVULSION E*vul"sion, n. Etym: [L. evulsio, fr. evellere, evulsum, to pluck out; e out + vellere to pluck; cf. F. évulsion.]

Defn: The act of plucking out; a rooting out.

EW Ew, n. Etym: [See Yew.]

Defn: A yew. [Obs.] Chaucer.

EWE Ewe, n. Etym: [AS. eówu; akin to D. ooi, OHG. awi, ouwi, Icel. ær, Goth. awe\'edi a flock of sheep, awistr a sheepfold, Lith. avis a sheep, L. ovis, Gr. avi. *231.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The female of the sheep, and of sheeplike animals.

EWE-NECKED Ewe"-necked`, a.

Defn: Having a neck like a ewe; -- said of horses in which the arch of the neck is deficent, being somewhat hollowed out. Youwatt.

EWER Ew"er, n. Etym: [OF. ewer, euwier, prop. a water carrier, F. évier a washing place, sink, aiguière ewer, L. aquarius, adj., water carrying, n., a water carrier, fr. aqua water; akin to Goth. ahwa water, river, OHG, aha, G. au, aue, meadow. *219. Cf. Aquarium, Aquatic, Island.]

Defn: A kind of widemouthed pitcher or jug; esp., one used to hold water for the toilet. Basins and ewers to lave her dainty hands. Shak.

EWERY; EWRY Ew"er*y, Ew"ry n. Etym: [From Ewer.]

Defn: An office or place of household service where the ewers were formerly kept. [Enq.] Parker.

EWT Ewt, n. Etym: [See Newt.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The newt.

EX- Ex-

Defn: . A prefix from the latin preposition, ex, akin to Gr. 'ex or 'ek signifying out of, out, proceeding from. Hence, in composition, it signifies out of, as, in exhale, exclude; off, from, or out. as in exscind; beyond, as, in excess, exceed, excel; and sometimes has a privative sense of without, as in exalbuminuos, exsanguinous. In some words, it intensifies the meaning; in others, it has little affect on the signification. It becomes ef- before f, as in effuse. The form e- occurs instead of ex- before b, d, g, l, m, n, r, and v, as in ebullient, emanate, enormous, etc. In words from the French it often appears as es-, sometimes as s- or é-; as, escape, scape, élite. Ex-, prefixed to names implying office, station, condition, denotes that the person formerly held the office, or is out of the office or condition now; as, ex-president, ex-governor, ex-mayor, ex-convict. The Greek form 'ex becomes ex in English, as in exarch; 'ek becomes ec, as in eccentric.

EXACERBATE Ex*ac"er*bate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exacerrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Exacerrating.] Etym: [L. exacerbatus, p. p. of exacerbare; ex out (intens.) + acerbare. See Acerbate.]

Defn: To render more violent or bitter; to irriate; to exasperate; to imbitter, as passions or disease. Broughman.

EXACERBATION Ex*ac`er*ba"tion n. Etym: [Cf. F. exacerbation.]

1. The act rendering more violent or bitter; the state of being exacerbated or intensified in violence or malignity; as, exacerbation of passion.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A periodical increase of violence in a disease, as in remittent or continious fever; an increased energy of diseased and painful action.

EXACERBESCENCE Ex*ac`er*bes"cence, n. Etym: [L. exacerbescens, -entis, p. pr. of exacerbescere, incho. of exacerbare.]

Defn: Increase of irritation or violence, particularly the increase of a fever or disease.

EXACERVATION Ex*ac`er*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. exacervare to heap up exceedingly. See Ex-, and Acervate.]

Defn: The act of heaping up. [Obs.] Bailey.

EXACINATE Ex*ac"i*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. ex out + acinus kernel.]

Defn: To remove the kernel form.

EXACINATION Ex*ac`i*na"tion, n.

Defn: Removal of the kernel.

EXACT Ex*act", a. Etym: [L. exactus precise, accurate, p. p. of exigere to drive out, to demand, enforce, finish, determine, measure; ex out + agere to drive; cf. F. exact. See Agent, Act.]

1. Precisely agreeing with a standard, a fact, or the truth; perfectly conforming; neither exceeding nor falling short in any respect; true; correct; precise; as, the clock keeps exact time; he paid the exact debt; an exact copy of a letter; exact accounts. I took a great pains to make out the exact truth. Jowett (Thucyd. )

2. Habitually careful to agree with a standard, a rule, or a promise; accurate; methodical; punctual; as, a man exact in observing an appointment; in my doings I was exact. "I see thou art exact of taste." Milton.

3. Precisely or definitely conceived or stated; strict. An exact command, Larded with many several sorts of reason. Shak.

EXACT Ex*act", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exacted; p. pr. & vb. n. Exacting.] Etym: [From L. exactus, p. p. of exigere; or fr. LL. exactare: cf. OF. exacter. See Exact, a.]

Defn: To demand or require authoritatively or peremptorily, as a right; to enforce the payment of, or a yielding of; to compel to yield or to furnish; hence, to wrest, as a fee or reward when none is due; -- followed by from or of before the one subjected to exaction; as, to exact tribute, fees, obedience, etc., from or of some one. He said into them, Exact no more than that which is appointed you. Luke. iii. 13. Years of servise past From grateful souls exact reward at last Dryden. My designs Exact me in another place. Massinger.

EXACT Ex*act", v. i.

Defn: To practice exaction. [R.] The anemy shall not exact upon him. Ps. lxxxix. 22.

EXACTER Ex*act"er, n.

Defn: An exactor. [R.]

EXACTING Ex*act"ing, a.

Defn: Oppressive or unreasonably severe in making demands or requiring the exact fulfillment of obligations; harsh; severe. "A temper so exacting." T. Arnold -- Ex*act"ing*ly, adv. -- Ex*act"ing*ness, n.

EXACTION Ex*ac"tion, n. Etym: [L. exactio: cf. F. exaction.]

1. The act of demanding with authority, and compelling to pay or yield; compulsion to give or furnish; a levying by force; a driving to compliance; as, the exaction to tribute or of obedience; hence, extortion. Take away your exactions from my people. Ezek. xlv. 9. Daily new exactions are devised. Shak. Illegal exactions of sheriffs and officials. Bancroft.

2. That which is exacted; a severe tribute; a fee, reward, or contribution, demanded or levied with severity or injustice. Daniel.

EXACTITUDE Ex*act"i*tude, n. Etym: [Cf. F. exactitude.]

Defn: The quality of being exact; exactness.

EXACTLY Ex*act"ly, adv.

Defn: In an exact manner; precisely according to a rule, standard, or fact; accurately; strictly; correctly; nicely. "Exactly wrought." Shak. His enemies were pleased, for he had acted exactly as their interests required. Bancroft.

EXACTNESS Ex*act"ness, n.

1. The condition of being exact; accuracy; nicety; precision; regularity; as, exactness of jurgement or deportment.

2. Careful observance of method and conformity to truth; as, exactness in accounts or business. He had . . . that sort of exactness which would have made him a respectable antiquary. Macaulay.

EXACTOR Ex*act"or, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. exacteur.]

Defn: One who exacts or demands by authority or right; hence, an extortioner; also, one unreasonably severe in injunctions or demands. Jer. Taylor.

EXACTRESS Ex*act"ress, n. Etym: [Cf. L. exactrix.]

Defn: A woman who is an exactor. [R.] B. Jonson.

EXACUATE Ex*ac"u*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. exacure; ex out (intens.) + acuere to make sharp.]

Defn: To whet or sharpen. [Obs.] B. Jonson. -- Ex*ac`u*a"tion, n. [Obs.]

EXAERESIS Ex*ær"e*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: In old writers, the operations concerned in the removal of parts of the body.

EXAGGERATE Ex*ag"ger*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exaggerated; p. pr. & vb. n. Exaggerating . ] Etym: [L. exaggeratus , p. p. of exaggerare to heap up; ex out + aggerare to heap up, fr. agger heap, aggerere to bring to; ad to + gerere to bear. See Jest. ]

1. To heap up; to accumulate. [Obs.] "Earth exaggerated upon them [oaks and firs]." Sir M. Hale.

2. To amplify; to magnify; to enlarge beyond bounds or the truth ; to delineate extravagantly ; to overstate the truth concerning. A friend exaggerates a man's virtues. Addison.

EXAGGERATED Ex*ag"ger*a`ted, a.

Defn: Enlarged beyond bounds or the truth. -- Ex*ag"ger*a`ted*ly, adv.

EXAGGERATING Ex*ag"ger*a`ting a.

Defn: That exaggerates; enlarging beyond bounds. -- Ex*ag"ger*a`ting*ly, adv.

EXAGGERATION Ex*ag`ger*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. exaggeratio : cf. F. exagération.]

1. The act of heaping or piling up. [Obs.] "Exaggeration of sand." Sir M. Hale.

2. The act of exaggerating; the act of doing or representing in an excessive manner; a going beyond the bounds of truth reason, or justice; a hyperbolical representation; hyperbole; overstatement. No need of an exaggeration of what they saw. I. Taylor.

3. (Paint.)

Defn: A representation of things beyond natural life, in expression, beauty, power, vigor.

EXAGGERATIVE Ex*ag"ger*a*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to exaggerate; involving exaggeration. "Exaggerative language." Geddes. "Exaggerative pictures." W. J. Linton. -- Ex*ag"ger*a*tive*ly, adv. Carlyle.

EXAGGERATOR Ex*ag"ger*a`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who exaggerates; one addicted to exaggeration. L. Horner.

EXAGGERATORY Ex*ag"ger*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Containing, or tending to, exaggeration; exaggerative. Johnson.

EXAGITATE Ex*ag"i*tate, v. t. Etym: [L. exagitatus, p. p. of exagitare. See Ex- , and Agitate.]

1. To stir up; to agitate. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

2. To satirize; to censure severely. [Obs.] Hooker.

EXAGITATION Ex*ag`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. exagitatio : cf. OF. exagitation.]

Defn: Agitation. [Obs.] Bailey.

EXALBUMINOUS Ex`al*bu"mi*nous, a. Etym: [Pref. ex- + albumen.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having no albumen about the embryo; -- said of certain seeds.

EXALT Ex*alt", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exalted; p. pr. & vb. n. Exalting.] Etym: [L. exaltare; ex out (intens.) + altare to make high, altus high: cf.F. exalter. See Altitude.]

1. To raise high; to elevate; to lift up. I will exalt my throne above the stars of God. Is. xiv. 13. Exalt thy towery head, and lift thine eyes Pope.

2. To elevate in rank, dignity, power, wealth, character, or the like; to dignify; to promote; as, to exalt a prince to the throne, a citizen to the presidency. Righteousness exalteth a nation. Prov. xiv. 34. He that humbleth himself shall be exalted. Luke xiv. 11.

3. To elevate by prise or estimation; to magnify; to extol; to glorify. "Exalt ye the Lord." Ps. xcix. 5. In his own grace he doth exalt himself. Shak.

4. To lift up with joy, pride, or success; to inspire with delight or satisfaction; to elate. They who thought they got whatsoever he lost were mightily exalted. Dryden.

5. To elevate the tone of, as of the voice or a musical instrument. Is. xxxvii. 23. Now Mars, she said, let Fame exalt her voice. Prior.

6. (Alchem.)

Defn: To render pure or refined; to intensify or concentrate; as, to exalt the juices of bodies. With chemic art exalts the mineral powers. Pope.

EXALTATE Ex"al*tate, a. Etym: [L. exaltatus, p. p. of exaltare to exalt.] (Astrol.)

Defn: Exercising its highest influence; -- said of a planet. [Obs.] Chaucer.

EXALTATION Ex`al*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. exaltatio: cf. F.exaltation.]

1. The act of exalting or raising high; also, the state of being exalted; elevation. Wondering at my flight, and change To this high exaltation. Milton.

2. (Alchem.)

Defn: The refinement or subtilization of a body, or the increasing of its virtue or principal property.

3. (Astrol.)

Defn: That place of a planet in the zodiac in which it was supposed to exert its strongest influence.

EXALTED Ex*alt"ed, a.

Defn: Raised to lofty height; elevated; extolled; refined; dignified; sublime. Wiser far than Solomon, Of more exalted mind. Milton. Time never fails to bring every exalted reputation to a strict scrutiny. Ames. -- Ex*alt"ed*ly, adv. -- Ex*alt"ed*ness, n. "The exaltedness of some minds." T. Gray.

EXALTER Ex*alt"er, n.

Defn: One who exalts or raises to dignity.

EXALTMENT Ex*alt"ment, n.

Defn: Exaltation. [Obs.] Barrow.

EXAMEN Ex*a"men, n. Etym: [L., the tongue of a balance, examination; for exagmen, fr. exigere to weigh accurately, to treat: cf. F. examen. See Exact, a.]

Defn: Examination; inquiry. [R.] "A critical examen of the two pieces." Cowper.

EXAMETRON Ex*am"e*tron, n. Etym: [NL. See Hexameter.]

Defn: An hexameter. [Obs.] Chaucer.

EXAMINABLE Ex*am"i*na*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being examined or inquired into. Bacon.

EXAMINANT Ex*am"i*nant, n. Etym: [L. examinans, -antis, examining.]

1. One who examines; an examiner. Sir W. Scott.

2. One who is to be examined. [Obs.] H. Prideaux.

EXAMINATE Ex*am"i*nate, n. Etym: [L. examinatus, p. p. of examinare. See Examine. ]

Defn: A person subjected to examination. [Obs.] Bacon.

EXAMINATION Ex*am`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. examinatio: cf. F. examination.]

1. The act of examining, or state of being examined; a careful search, investigation, or inquiry; scrutiny by study or experiment.

2. A process prescribed or assigned for testing qualification; as, the examination of a student, or of a candidate for admission to the bar or the ministry. He neglected the studies, . . . stood low at the examinations. Macaulay. Examination in chief, or Direct examination (Law), that examination which is made of a witness by a party calling him. -- Cross-examination, that made by the opposite party. -- Reëxamination, or Re-direct examination, that made by a party calling a witness, after, and upon matters arising out of, the cross- examination.

Syn. -- Search; inquiry; investigation; research; scrutiny; inquisition; inspection; exploration.

EXAMINATOR Ex*am"i*na`tor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. examinateur.]

Defn: An examiner. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

EXAMINE Ex*am"ine, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Examined; p. pr. & vb. n. Examining.] Etym: [L. examinare, examinatum, fr. examen, examinis: cf. F. examiner. See Examen.]

1. To test by any appropriate method; to inspect carefully with a view to discover the real character or state of; to subject to inquiry or inspection of particulars for the purpose of obtaining a fuller insight into the subject of examination, as a material substance, a fact, a reason, a cause, the truth of a statement; to inquire or search into; to explore; as, to examine a mineral; to examine a ship to know whether she is seaworthy; to examine a proposition, theory, or question. Examine well your own thoughts. Chaucer. Examine their counsels and their cares. Shak.

2. To interrogate as in a judicial proceeding; to try or test by question; as, to examine a witness in order to elicit testimony, a student to test his qualifications, a bankrupt touching the state of his property, etc. The offenders that are to be examined. Shak.

Syn. -- To discuss; debate; scrutinize; search into; investigate; explore. See Discuss.

EXAMINEE Ex*am`i*nee", n.

Defn: A person examined.

EXAMINER Ex*am"in*er, n.

Defn: One who examines, tries, or inspects; one who interrogates; an officer or person charged with the duty of making an examination; as, an examiner of students for a degree; an examiner in chancery, in the patent office, etc.

EXAMINERSHIP Ex*am"in*er*ship, n.

Defn: The office or rank of an examiner.

EXAMINING Ex*am"in*ing, a.

Defn: Having power to examine; appointed to examine; as, an examining committee.

EXAMPLARY Ex"am*pla*ry, a. Etym: [From Example, cf. Exemplary.]

Defn: Serving for example or pattern; exemplary. [Obs.] Hooker.

EXAMPLE Ex*am"ple, n. Etym: [A later form for ensample, fr. L. exemplum, orig., what is taken out of a larger quantity, as a sample, from eximere to take out. See Exempt, and cf. Ensample, Sample.]

1. One or a portion taken to show the character or quality of the whole; a sample; a specimen.

2. That which is to be followed or imitated as a model; a pattern or copy. For I have given you an example, that ye should do as John xiii. 15. I gave, thou sayest, the example; I led the way. Milton.

3. That which resembles or corresponds with something else; a precedent; a model. Such temperate order in so fierce a cause Doth want example. Shak.

4. That which is to be avoided; one selected for punishment and to serve as a warning; a warning. Hang him; he'll be made an example. Shak. Now these things were our examples, to the intent that we should not lust after evil things, as they also lusted. 1 Cor. x. 6.

5. An instance serving for illustration of a rule or precept, especially a problem to be solved, or a case to be determined, as an exercise in the application of the rules of any study or branch of science; as, in trigonometry and grammar, the principles and rules are illustrated by examples.

Syn. -- Precedent; case; instance. -- Example, Instance. The discrimination to be made between these two words relates to cases in which we give "instances" or "examples" of things done. An instance denotes the single case then "standing" before us; if there be others like it, the word does not express this fact. On the contrary, an example is one of an entire class of like things, and should be a true representative or sample of that class. Hence, an example proves a rule or regular course of things; an instance simply points out what may be true only in the case presented. A man's life may be filled up with examples of the self- command and kindness which marked his character, and may present only a solitary instance of haste or severity. Hence, the word "example" should never be used to describe what stands singly and alone. We do, however, sometimes apply the word instance to what is really an example, because we are not thinking of the latter under this aspect, but solely as a case which "stands before us." See Precedent.

EXAMPLE Ex*am"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exampled; p. pr. & vb. n. Exampling.]

Defn: To set an example for; to give a precedent for; to exemplify; to give an instance of; to instance. [Obs.] "I may example my digression by some mighty precedent." Shak. Burke devoted himself to this duty with a fervid assiduity that has not often been exampled, and has never been surpassed. J. Morley.

EXAMPLELESS Ex*am"ple*less, a.

Defn: Without or above example. [R.]

EXAMPLER Ex*am"pler, n. Etym: [See Exemplar, Example, and cf. Sampler.]

Defn: A pattern; an exemplar. [Obs.]

EXAMPLESS Ex*am"pless, a.

Defn: Exampleless. [Wrongly formed.] B. Jonson.

EXANGUIOUS Ex*an"gui*ous, a.

Defn: Bloodless. [Obs.] See Exsanguious. Sir T. Browne.

EXANGULOUS Ex*an"gu*lous, a. Etym: [Pref ex- + angulous.]

Defn: Having no corners; without angles. [R.]

EXANIMATE Ex*an"i*mate, a. Etym: [L. exanimatus, p. p. of exanimare to deprive of life or spirit; ex out + anima air, breath, life, spirit.]

1. Lifeless; dead. [R.] "Carcasses exanimate." Spenser.

2. Destitute of animation; spiritless; disheartened. [R.] "Pale . . . wretch, exanimate by love." Thomson.

EXANIMATE Ex*an"i*mate, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of animation or of life. [Obs.]

EXANIMATION Ex*an`i*ma"tion, n.Etym: [L. exanimatio.]

Defn: Deprivation of life or of spirits. [R.] Bailey.

EXANIMOUS Ex*an"i*mous, a. Etym: [L. exanimus, exanimis; ex out, without + anima life.]

Defn: Lifeless; dead. [Obs.] Johnson.

EXANNULATE Ex*an"nu*late, a. Etym: [Pref. ex- + annulate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the sporangium destitute of a ring; -- said of certain genera of ferns.

EXANTHEM Ex*an"them, n.

Defn: Same as Exanthema.

EXANTHEMA Ex`an*the"ma, n.; pl. Exanthemata. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.exanthème.] (Med.)

Defn: An efflorescence or discoloration of the skin; an eruption or breaking out, as in measles, smallpox, scarlatina, and the like diseases; -- sometimes limited to eruptions attended with fever. Dunglison.

EXANTHEMATIC; EXANTHEMATOUS Ex*an`the*mat"ic, Ex`an*them"a*tous, a.

Defn: Of, relating to, or characterized by, exanthema; efflorescent; as, an exanthematous eruption.

EXANTHESIS Ex`an*the"sis, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. Exanthema. ] (Med.)

Defn: An eruption of the skin; cutaneous efflorescence.

EXANTLATE Ex*ant"late, v. t. Etym: [L. exantlatus, p. p. of exantlare, exanclare, to endure.]

Defn: To exhaust or wear out. [Obs.] "Seeds . . . wearied or exantlated." Boyle.

EXANTLATION Ex`ant*la"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. exantlation.]

Defn: Act of drawing out ; exhaustion. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

EXARATE Ex"a*rate, v. t. Etym: [L. exaratus, p. p. of exarare to plow up, to write; ex out + arare to plow.]

Defn: To plow up; also, to engrave; to write. [Obs.] Blount.

EXARATION Ex`a*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. exaratio.]

Defn: Act of plowing; also, act of writing. [Obs.] Bailey.

EXARCH Ex"arch, n. Etym: [L. exarchus, Gr. exarque.]

Defn: A viceroy; in Ravenna, the title of the viceroys of the Byzantine emperors; in the Eastern Church, the superior over several monasteries; in the modern Greek Church, a deputy of the patriarch , who visits the clergy, investigates ecclesiastical cases, etc.

EXARCHATE Ex*ar"chate, n. Etym: [LL. exarchatus, fr. L. exarchus: cf. F. exarchat.]

Defn: The office or the province of an exarch. Jer. Taylor.

EXARILLATE Ex*ar"il*late, a. Etym: [Pref. ex- + arillate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having no aril; -- said of certain seeds, or of the plants producing them.

EXARTICULATE Ex`ar*tic"u*late, a. Etym: [Pref. ex- + articulate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having but one joint; -- said of certain insects.

EXARTICULATION Ex`ar*tic`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. ex- + articulation.]

Defn: Luxation; the dislocation of a joint. Bailey.

EXASPERATE Ex*as"per*ate, a. Etym: [L. exasperatus, p. p. of exsasperare to roughen, exasperate; ex out (intens.) + asperare to make rough, asper rough. See Asperity.]

Defn: Exasperated; imbittered. [Obs.] Shak. Like swallows which the exasperate dying year Sets spinning. Mrs. Browning.

EXASPERATE Ex*as"per*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exsasperated; p. pr. & vb. n. Exasperating.]

1. To irritate in a high degree; to provoke; to enrage; to excite or to inflame the anger of; as, to exasperate a person or his feelings. To exsasperate them against the king of France. Addison.

2. To make grievous, or more grievous or malignant; to aggravate; to imbitter; as, to exasperate enmity. To exasperate the ways of death. Sir T. Browne.

Syn. -- To irritate; provoke. See Irritate.

EXASPERATER Ex*as"per*a`ter, n.

Defn: One who exasperates or inflames anger, enmity, or violence.

EXASPERATION Ex*as`per*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. exasperatio: cf. F. exaspération.]

1. The act of exasperating or the state of being exasperated; irritation; keen or bitter anger. Extorted from him by the exasperation of his spirits. South.

2. Increase of violence or malignity; aggravation; exacerbation. "Exasperation of the fits." Sir H. Wotton.

EXASPIDEAN Ex`as*pid"e*an, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the anterior scute

EXAUCTORATE Ex*auc"tor*ate, v. t.

Defn: See Exauthorate. [Obs.]

EXAUCTORATION Ex*auc`tor*a"tion, n.

Defn: See Exauthoration.

EXAUGURATE Ex*au"gu*rate, v. t. Etym: [L. exauguratus, p. p. of exaugurare to profane; ex out + augurari to act as an augur, fr. augur. ]

Defn: To annul the consecration of; to secularize; to unhellow. [Obs.] Holland.

EXAUGURATION Ex*au`gu*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. exauguratio desecration.]

Defn: The act of exaugurating; desecration. [Obs.]

EXAUTHORATE Ex*au"thor*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. exauctoratus, p. p. of exauctorare to dismiss; ex out + auctorare to bind to something, to hire, fr. auctor. See Author.]

Defn: To deprive of authority or office; to depose; to discharge. [Obs.] Exauthorated for their unworthiness. Jer. Taylor.

EXAUTHORATION Ex*au`thor*a"tion, n.

Defn: Deprivation of authority or dignity; degration. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

EXAUTHORIZE Ex*au"thor*ize, v. t. Etym: [Pref. ex- + authorize.]

Defn: To deprive of uthority. [Obs.] Selden.

EXAUTHORIZE Ex*au"thor*ize, v. t. Etym: [Pref. ex.]

Defn: To deprive of authority. [Obs.] Selden.

EXCALCEATE Ex*cal"ce*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. excalceatus, p. p. of excalceare to unshoe. See Calceated.]

Defn: To deprive of shoes. [Obs.] Chambers.

EXCALCEATION Ex*cal`ce*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of depriving or divesting of shoes. [Obs.] Chambers.

EXCALFACTION Ex`cal*fac"tion, n. Etym: [L. excalfactio.]

Defn: A heating or warming; calefaction. [Obs.] Blount.

EXCALFACTIVE Ex`cal*fac"tive, a. Etym: [L. excalfacere to warm; ex out (intens.) + calfacere to warm.]

Defn: Serving to heat; warming. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

EXCALFACTORY Ex`cal*fac"to*ry, a. Etym: [L. excalfactorius.]

Defn: Heating; warming. [Obs.] Holland.

EXCALIBUR Ex*cal"i*bur, n.

Defn: The name of King Arthur's mythical sword. [Written also Excalibar, Excalibor, Escalibar, and Caliburn.] Tennyson.

EXCAMB; EXCAMBIE Ex*camb", Ex*cam"bie, v. t. Etym: [LL. excambiare, excambire; L. ex out + cambire. See Change, and cf. Exchange.] (Scots Law)

Defn: To exchange; -- used with reference to transfers of land.

EXCAMBION; EXCAMBIUM Ex*cam"bi*on, Ex*cam"bi*um, n. Etym: [LL. excambium. See Excamb.] (Scots Law)

Defn: Exchange; barter; -- used commonly of lands.

EXCANDESCENCE Ex`can*des"cence, n. Etym: [L. excandescentia.]

1. A growing hot; a white or glowing heat; incandescence. [R.]

2. Violent anger; a growing angry. [Obs.] Blount.

EXCANDESCENT Ex`can*des"cent, a. Etym: [L. excandescens, p. pr. of excandescere to take fire, glow; ex out (intens.) + candescere to begin to glisten or glow, fr. candere. See Candid.]

Defn: White or glowing with heat. [R.] Ure.

EXCANTATION Ex`can*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. excantare to charm out. See Ex, and Chant.]

Defn: Disenchantment by a countercharm. [Obs.] Gayton.

EXCARNATE Ex*car"nate, v. t. Etym: [LL. excarnatus, p. p. of excarnare; L. ex out + caro, carnis, flesh.]

Defn: To deprive or clear of flesh. Grew.

EXCARNATION Ex`car*na"tion, n.

Defn: The act of depriving or divesting of flesh; excarnification; -- opposed to incarnation.

EXCARNIFICATE Ex*car"ni*fi*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. ex out + LL. carnificatus, p. p. carnificare to carnify; cf. L. excarnificare to tear to pieces, torment. See Carnify.]

Defn: To clear of flesh; to excarnate. Dr. H. More.

EXCARNIFICATION Ex*car`ni*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act of excarnificating or of depriving of flesh; excarnation. Johnson.

EXCAVATE Ex"ca*vate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excavated(); p. pr. & vb. n. Excavating().] Etym: [L. excavatus, p. p. of excavare to excavate; ex out + cavare to make hollow, cavus hollow. See Cave.]

1. To hollow out; to form cavity or hole in; to make hollow by cutting, scooping, or digging; as, to excavate a ball; to excavate the earth.

2. To form by hollowing; to shape, as a cavity, or anything that is hollow; as, to excavate a canoe, a cellar, a channel.

3. (Engin.)

Defn: To dig out and remove, as earth. The material excavated was usually sand. E. L. Corthell. Excavating pump, a kind of dredging apparatus for excavating under water, in which silt and loose material mixed with water are drawn up by a pump. Knight.

EXCAVATION Ex`ca*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. excavatio: cf. F. excavation.]

1. The act of excavating, or of making hollow, by cutting, scooping, or digging out a part of a solid mass.

2. A cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping. "A winding excavation." Glover.

3. (Engin.) (a) An uncovered cutting in the earth, in distinction from a covered cutting or tunnel. (b) The material dug out in making a channel or cavity. The delivery of the excavations at a distance of 250 feet. E. L. Corthell.

EXCAVATOR Ex"ca*va`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, excavates or hollows out; a machine, as a dredging machine, or a tool, for excavating.

EXCAVE Ex*cave", v. t. Etym: [L. excavare.]

Defn: To excavate. [Obs.] Cockeram.

EXCECATE Ex*ce"cate, v. t. Etym: [L. excaecatus, p. p. of excaecare to blind; ex (intens.) + caecare to blind, caecus blind.]

Defn: To blind. [Obs.] Cockeram.

EXCECATION Ex`ce*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act of making blind. [Obs.] Bp. Richardson.

EXCEDENT Ex*ced"ent, n. Etym: [L. excedens, -entis, p. pr. of excedere. See Exceed, v. t.]

Defn: Excess. [R.]

EXCEED Ex*ceed", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exceeded; p. pr. & vb. n. Exceeding.] Etym: [L. excedere, excessum, to go away or beyond; ex out + cedere to go, to pass: cf. F. excéder. See Cede.]

Defn: To go beyond; to proceed beyond the given or supposed limit or measure of; to outgo; to surpass; -- used both in a good and a bad sense; as, one man exceeds another in bulk, stature, weight, power, skill, etc. ; one offender exceeds another in villainy; his rank exceeds yours. Name the time, but let it not Exceed three days. Shak. Observes how much a chintz exceeds mohair. Pope.

Syn. -- To outdo; surpass; excel; transcend; outstrip; outvie; overtop.

EXCEED Ex*ceed", v. i.

1. To go too far; to pass the proper bounds or measure. "In our reverence to whom, we can not possibly exceed." Jer. Taylor. Forty stripes he may give him, and not exceed. Deut. xxv. 3.

2. To be more or greater; to be paramount. Shak.

EXCEEDABLE Ex*ceed"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of exceeding or surpassing. [Obs.] Sherwood.

EXCEEDER Ex*ceed"er, n.

Defn: One who exceeds. Bp. Montagu.

EXCEEDING Ex*ceed"ing, a.

Defn: More than usual; extraordinary; more than sufficient; measureless. "The exceeding riches of his grace." Eph. ii. 7. -- Ex*ceed"ing*ness, n. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

EXCEEDING Ex*ceed"ing, adv.

Defn: In a very great degree; extremely; exceedingly. [Archaic. It is not joined to verbs.] "The voice exceeding loud." Keble. His raiment became shining, exceeding white as snow. Mark ix. 3. The Genoese were exceeding powerful by sea. Sir W. Raleigh.

EXCEEDINGLY Ex*ceed"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: To a very great degree; beyond what is usual; surpassingly. It signifies more than very.

EXCEL Ex*cel", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excelled(); p. pr. & vb. n. Excelling.] Etym: [L. excellere, excelsum; ex out + a root found in culmen height, top; cf. F. exceller. See Culminate, Column.]

1. To go beyond or surpass in good qualities or laudable deeds; to outdo or outgo, in a good sense. Excelling others, these were great; Thou, greater still, must these excel. Prior. I saw that wisdom excelleth folly, as far as light excelleth darkness. Eccl. ii. 13.

2. To exceed or go beyond; to surpass. She opened; but to shut Excelled her power; the gates wide open stood. Milton.

EXCEL Ex*cel", v. i.

Defn: To surpass others in good qualities, laudable actions, or acquirements; to be distinguished by superiority; as, to excel in mathematics, or classics. Unstable as water, thou shalt not excel. Gen. xlix. 4. Then peers grew proud in horsemanship t' excel. Pope.

EXCELLENCE Ex"cel*lence, n. Etym: [F. excellence, L. excellentia.]

1. The quality of being excellent; state of possessing good qualities in an eminent degree; exalted merit; superiority in virtue. Consider first that great Or bright infers not excellence. Milton.

2. An excellent or valuable quality; that by which any one excels or is eminent; a virtue. With every excellence refined. Beattie.

3. A title of honor or respect; -- more common in the form excellency. I do greet your excellence With letters of commission from the king. Shak.

Syn. -- Superiority; preëminence; perfection; worth; goodness; purity; greatness.

EXCELLENCY Ex"cel*len*cy, n.; pl. Excellencies (.

1. Excellence; virtue; dignity; worth; superiority. His excellency is over Israel. Ps. lxviii. 34. Extinguish in men the sense of their own excellency. Hooker.

2. A title of honor given to certain high dignitaries, esp. to viceroys, ministers, and ambassadors, to English colonial governors, etc. It was formerly sometimes given to kings and princes.

EXCELLENT Ex"cel*lent, a. Etym: [F. excellent, L. excellens, -entis, p. pr. of excellere. See Excel.]

1. Excelling; surpassing others in some good quality or the sum of qualities; of great worth; eminent, in a good sense; superior; as, an excellent man, artist, citizen, husband, discourse, book, song, etc.; excellent breeding, principles, aims, action. To love . . . What I see excellent in good or fair. Milton.

2. Superior in kind or degree, irrespective of moral quality; -- used with words of a bad significance. [Obs. or Ironical] "An excellent hypocrite." Hume. Their sorrows are most excellent. Beau. & Fl.

Syn. -- Worthy; choice; prime; valuable; select; exquisite; transcendent; admirable; worthy.

EXCELLENT Ex"cel*lent, adv.

Defn: Excellently; eminently; exceedingly. [Obs.] "This comes off well and excellent." Shak.

EXCELLENTLY Ex"cel*lent*ly, adv.

1. In an excellent manner; well in a high degree.

2. In a high or superior degree; -- in this literal use, not implying worthiness. [Obs.] When the whole heart is excellently sorry. J. Fletcher.

EXCELSIOR Ex*cel"si*or, a. Etym: [L., compar. of excelsus elevated, lofty, p. p. of excellere. See Excel, v. t.]

Defn: More lofty; still higher; ever upward.

EXCELSIOR Ex*cel"si*or, n.

Defn: A kind of stuffing for upholstered furniture, mattresses, etc., in which curled shreds of wood are substituted for curled hair.

EXCENTRAL Ex*cen"tral, a. Etym: [Pref. ex.] (Bot.)

Defn: Out of the center.

EXCENTRIC; EXCENTRICAL Ex*cen"tric, Ex*cen"tric*al, a.

1. Same as Eccentric, Eccentrical.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: One-sided; having the normally central portion not in the true center. Gray.

EXCENTRICITY Ex`cen*tric"i*ty

Defn: . (Math.) Same as Eccentricity.

EXCEPT Ex*cept", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excepted; p. pr. & vb. n. Excepting.] Etym: [L. exceptus, p. p. of excipere to take or draw out, to except; ex out + capere to take: cf. F. excepter. See Capable.]

1. To take or leave out (anything) from a number or a whole as not belonging to it; to exclude; to omit. Who never touched The excepted tree. Milton. Wherein (if we only except the unfitness of the judge) all other things concurred. Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. To object to; to protest against. [Obs.] Shak.

EXCEPT Ex*cept", v. i.

Defn: To take exception; to object; -- usually followed by to, sometimes by against; as, to except to a witness or his testimony. Except thou wilt except against my love. Shak.

EXCEPT Ex*cept", prep. Etym: [Originally past participle, or verb in the imperative mode.]

Defn: With exclusion of; leaving or left out; excepting. God and his Son except, Created thing naught valued he nor . . . shunned. Milton.

Syn. -- Except, Excepting, But, Save, Besides. Excepting, except, but, and save are exclusive. Except marks exclusion more pointedly. "I have finished all the letters except one," is more marked than "I have finished all the letters but one." Excepting is the same as except, but less used. Save is chiefly found in poetry. Besides (lit., by the side of) is in the nature of addition. "There is no one here except or but him," means, take him away and there is nobody present. "There is nobody here besides him," means, hi is present and by the side of, or in addition to, him is nobody. "Few ladies, except her Majesty, could have made themselves heard." In this example, besides should be used, not except.

EXCEPT Ex*cept", conj.

Defn: Unless; if it be not so that. And he said, I will not let thee go, except thou bless me. Gen. xxxii. 26. But yesterday you never opened lip, Except, indeed, to drink. Tennyson.

Note: As a conjunction unless has mostly taken the place of except.

EXCEPTANT Ex*cept"ant, a.

Defn: Making exception.

EXCEPTING Ex*cept"ing, prep. & conj.

Defn: , but properly a participle. With rejection or exception of; excluding; except. "Excepting your worship's presence." Shak. No one was ever yet made utterly miserable, excepting by himself. Lubbock.

EXCEPTION Ex*cep"tion, n. Etym: [L. exceptio: cf. F. exception.]

1. The act of excepting or excluding; exclusion; restriction by taking out something which would otherwise be included, as in a class, statement, rule.

2. That which is excepted or taken out from others; a person, thing, or case, specified as distinct, or not included; as, almost every general rule has its exceptions. Such rare exceptions, shining in the dark, Prove, rather than impeach, the just remark. Cowper.

Note: Often with to. That proud exception to all nature's laws. Pope.

3. (Law)

Defn: An objection, oral or written, taken, in the course of an action, as to bail or security; or as to the decision of a judge, in the course of a trail, or in his charge to a jury; or as to lapse of time, or scandal, impertinence, or insufficiency in a pleading; also, as in conveyancing, a clause by which the grantor excepts something before granted. Burrill.

4. An objection; cavil; dissent; disapprobation; offense; cause of offense; -- usually followed by to or against. I will never answer what exceptions they can have against our account [relation]. Bentley. He . . . took exception to the place of their burial. Bacon. She takes exceptions at your person. Shak. Bill of exceptions (Law), a statement of exceptions to the decision, or instructions of a judge in the trial of a cause, made for the purpose of putting the points decided on record so as to bring them before a superior court or the full bench for review.

EXCEPTIONABLE Ex*cep"tion*a*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to exception or objection; objectionable. -- Ex*cep"tion*a*ble*ness, n. This passage I look upon to be the most exceptionable in the whole poem. Addison.

EXCEPTIONAL Ex*cep"tion*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. exceptionnel.]

Defn: Forming an exception; not ordinary; uncommon; rare; hence, better than the average; superior. Lyell. This particular spot had exceptional advantages. Jowett (Th. ) -- Ex*cep"tion*al*ly(#), adv.

EXCEPTIONER Ex*cep"tion*er, n.

Defn: One who takes exceptions or makes objections. [Obs.] Milton.

EXCEPTIONLESS Ex*cep"tion*less, a.

Defn: Without exception. A universal, . . . exceptionless disqualification. Bancroft.

EXCEPTIOUS Ex*cep"tious, a.

Defn: Disposed or apt to take exceptions, or to object; captious. [Obs.] At least effectually silence the doubtful and exceptious. South. -- Ex*cep"tious*ness, n. [Obs.] Barrow.

EXCEPTIVE Ex*cept"ive, a.

Defn: That excepts; including an exception; as, an exceptive proposition. I. Watts. A particular and exceptive law. Milton.

EXCEPTLESS Ex*cept"less, a.

Defn: Not exceptional; usual. [Obs.] My general and exceptless rashness. Shak.

EXCEPTOR Ex*cept"or, n. Etym: [L., a scribe.]

Defn: One who takes exceptions. T. Burnet.

EXCEREBRATION Ex*cer`e*bra"tion, n. Etym: [L. excerebratus deprived of brains; ex out + cerebrum brain.]

Defn: The act of removing or beating out the brains.

EXCEREBROSE Ex*cer"e*brose`, a. Etym: [See Excerebration.]

Defn: Brainless. [R.]

EXCERN Ex*cern", v. t. Etym: [L. excernere. See Excrete.]

Defn: To excrete; to throw off through the pores; as, fluids are excerned in perspiration. [R.] Bacon.

EXCERNENT Ex*cern"ent, a. Etym: [See Excern.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Connected with, or pertaining to, excretion.

EXCERP Ex*cerp", v. t. Etym: [L. excerpere, excerptum; ex out + carpere to pick, gather. See Harvest, and cf. Scarce, a.]

Defn: To pick out. [Obs.] Hales.

EXCERPT Ex*cerpt", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excerpted; p. pr. & vb. n. Excerpting.] Etym: [From L. excerptus, p. p. See Excerp.]

Defn: To select; to extract; to cite; to quote. Out of which we have excerpted the following particulars. Fuller.

EXCERPT Ex*cerp"t (277), n.

Defn: An extract; a passage selected or copied from a book or record.

EXCERPTION Ex*cerp"tion, n. Etym: [L. excerptio.]

1. The act of excerpting or selecting. [R.]

2. That which is selected or gleaned; an extract. [R.] His excerptions out of the Fathers. Fuller.

EXCERPTIVE Ex*cerp"tive, a.

Defn: That excerpts, selects, or chooses. D. L. Mackenzie.

EXCERPTOR Ex*cerp"tor, n.

Defn: One who makes excerpts; a picker; a culler.

EXCESS Ex*cess", n. Etym: [OE. exces, excess, ecstasy, L. excessus a going out, loss of self-possession, fr. excedere, excessum, to go out, go beyond: cf. F. excès. See Exceed.]

1. The state of surpassing or going beyond limits; the being of a measure beyond sufficiency, necessity, or duty; that which exceeds what is usual or prover; immoderateness; superfluity; superabundance; extravagance; as, an excess of provisions or of light. To gild refined gold, to paint the lily, To throw a perfume on the violet, . . . Is wasteful and ridiculous excess. Shak. That kills me with excess of grief, this with excess of joy. Walsh.

2. An undue indulgence of the appetite; transgression of proper moderation in natural gratifications; intemperance; dissipation. Be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess. Eph. v. 18. Thy desire . . . leads to no excess That reaches blame. Milton.

3. The degree or amount by which one thing or number exceeds another; remainder; as, the difference between two numbers is the excess of one over the other. Spherical excess (Geom.), the amount by which the sum of the three angles of a spherical triangle exceeds two right angles. The spherical excess is proportional to the area of the triangle.

EXCESSIVE Ex*cess"ive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. excessif.]

Defn: Characterized by, or exhibiting, excess; overmuch. Excessive grief [is] the enemy to the living. Shak.

Syn. -- Undue; exorbitant; extreme; overmuch; enormous; immoderate; monstrous; intemperate; unreasonable. See Enormous --Ex*cess*ive*ly, adv. -Ex*cess"ive*ness, n.

EXCHANGE Ex*change", n. Etym: [OE. eschange, eschaunge, OF. eschange, fr. eschangier, F. échanger, to exchange; pref. ex- out + F. changer. See Change, and cf. Excamb.]

1. The act of giving or taking one thing in return for another which is regarded as an equivalent; as, an exchange of cattle for grain.

2. The act of substituting one thing in the place of another; as, an exchange of grief for joy, or of a scepter for a sword, and the like; also, the act of giving and receiving reciprocally; as, an exchange of civilities or views.

3. The thing given or received in return; esp., a publication exchanged for another. Shak.

4. (Com.)

Defn: The process of setting accounts or debts between parties residing at a distance from each other, without the intervention of money, by exchanging orders or drafts, called bills of exchange. These may be drawn in one country and payable in another, in which case they are called foreign bills; or they may be drawn and made payable in the same country, in which case they are called inland bills. The term bill of exchange is often abbreviated into exchange; as, to buy or sell exchange.

Note: A in London is creditor to B in New York, and C in London owes D in New York a like sum. A in London draws a bill of exchange on B in New York; C in London purchases the bill, by which A receives his debt due from B in New York. C transmits the bill to D in New York, who receives the amount from B.

5. (Law)

Defn: A mutual grant of equal interests, the one in consideration of the other. Estates exchanged must be equal in quantity, as fee simple for fee simple. Blackstone.

6. The place where the merchants, brokers, and bankers of a city meet at certain hours, to transact business. In this sense often contracted to 'Change. Arbitration of exchange. See under Arbitration. -- Bill of exchange. See under Bill. -- Exchange broker. See under Broker. -- Par of exchange, the established value of the coin or standard of value of one country when expressed in the coin or standard of another, as the value of the pound sterling in the currency of France or the United States. The par of exchange rarely varies, and serves as a measure for the rise and fall of exchange that is affected by the demand and supply. Exchange is at par when, for example, a bill in New York, for the payment of one hundred pounds sterling in London, can be purchased for the sum. Exchange is in favor of a place when it can be purchased there at or above par. -- Telephone exchange, a central office in which the wires of any two telephones or telephone stations may be connected to permit conversation.

Syn. -- Barter; dealing; trade; traffic; interchange.

EXCHANGE Ex*change", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exchanged;p. pr. & vb. n. Exchanging.] Etym: [Cf.OF. eschangier, F. échanger. See Exchange, n.]

1. To part with give, or transfer to another in consideration of something received as an equivalent; -- usually followed by for before the thing received. Exchange his sheep for shells, or wool for a sparking pebble or a diamond. Locke.

2. To part with for a substitute; to lay aside, quit, or resign (something being received in place of the thing as, to exchange a palace for cell. And death for life exchanged foolishly. Spenser. To shift his being Is to exchange one misery with another. Shak.

3. To give and receive reciprocally, as things of the same kind; to barter; to swap; as, to exchange horses with a neighbor; to exchange houses or hats. Exchange forgiveness with me, noble Hamlet. Shak.

Syn. -- To barter; change; commute; interchange; bargain; truck; swap; traffic.

EXCHANGE Ex*change", v. i.

Defn: To be changed or received in exchange for; to pass in exchange; as, dollar exchanges for ten dimes.

EXCHANGEABILITY Ex*change`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being exchangeable. The law ought not be contravened by an express article admitting the exchangeability of such persons. Washington.

EXCHANGEABLE Ex*change"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf.F. échangeable.]

1. Capable of being exchanged; fit or proper to be exchanged. The officers captured with Burgoyne were exchangeable within the powers of General Howe. Marshall.

2. Available for making exchanges; ratable. "An exchangeable value." J. S. Mill.

EXCHANGEABLY Ex*change"a*bly, adv.

Defn: By way of exchange.

EXCHANGE EDITOR Ex*change" ed"i*tor.

Defn: An editor who inspects, and culls from, periodicals, or exchanges, for his own publication.

EXCHANGER Ex*chan"ger, n.

Defn: One who exchanges; one who practices exchange. Matt.

EXCHEAT Ex*cheat", n.

Defn: See Escheat. [Obs.] Spenser.

EXCHEATOR Ex*cheat"or, n.

Defn: See Escheator. [Obs.]

EXCHEQUER Ex*cheq"uer, n. Etym: [OE. escheker, OF. eichekier, fr. LL. scaccarium. See Checker, Chess, Check.]

1. One of the superior courts of law; -- so called from a checkered cloth, which covers, or formerly covered, the table. [Eng.]

Note: The exchequer was a court of law and equity. In the revenue department, it had jurisdiction over the proprietary rights of the crown against subjects; in the common law department, it administered justice in personal actions between subject and subject. A person proceeding against another in the revenue department was said to exchequer him. The judges of this court were one chief and four puisne barons, so styled. The Court of Exchequer Chamber sat as court of error in which the judgments of each of the superior courts of common law, in England, were subject to revision by the judges of the other two sitting collectively. Causes involving difficult questions of law were sometimes after argument, adjourned into this court from the other courts, for debate before judgment in the court below. Recent legislation in England (1880) has abolished the Court of Exchequer and the Court of Exchequer Chamber, as distinct tribunals, a single board of judiciary, the High Court of Justice, being established for the trial of all classes of civil cases. Wharton.

2. The department of state having charge of the collection and management of the royal revenue. [Eng.] Hence, the treasury; and, colloquially, pecuniary possessions in general; as, the company's exchequer is low. Barons of the exchequer. See under Baron. -- Chancellor of the exchequer. See under Chancellor. -- Exchequer bills or bonds (Eng.), bills of money, or promissory bills, issued from the exchequer by authority of Parliament; a species of paper currency emitted under the authority of the government, and bearing interest.

EXCHEQUER Ex*cheq"uer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exchequered; p. pr. & vb. n. Exchequering.]

Defn: To institute a process against (any one) in the Court of Exchequer.

EXCIDE Ex*cide", v. t. Etym: [L. excidere, excisum; ex out + caedere to cut. See Concise, and cf. Excise to cut off.]

Defn: To cut off. [R.]

EXCIPIENT Ex*cip"i*ent, a. Etym: [L. excipients, -entis, p. pr. of exipere. See Except, v. t.]

Defn: Taking an exception.

EXCIPIENT Ex*cip"i*ent, n.

1. An exceptor. [R.]

2. (Med.)

Defn: An inert or slightly active substance used in preparing remedies as a vehicle or medium of administration for the medicinal agents. Chambers.

EXCIPLE; EXCIPULUM Ex"ci*ple, Ex*cip"u*lum, n. Etym: [NL. excipulum, fr. L. excipere. See Except.] (Bot.)

Defn: The outer part of the fructification of most lichens.

EXCISABLE Ex*cis"a*ble, a.

Defn: Liable or subject to excise; as, tobacco in an excisable commodity.

EXCISE Ex*cise", n. Etym: [Apparently fr. L. excisum cut off, fr. excidere to cut out or off; ex out, off + caedere to cut; or, as the word was formerly written accise, fr. F. accise, LL. accisia, as if fr. L. accidere, accisum, to cut into; ad + caedere to cut; but prob. transformed fr. OF. assise, LL. assisa, assisia, assize. See Assize, Concise.]

1. In inland duty or impost operating as an indirect tax on the consumer, levied upon certain specified articles, as, tobacco, ale, spirits, etc., grown or manufactured in the country. It is also levied to pursue certain trades and deal in certain commodities. Certain direct taxes (as, in England, those on carriages, servants, plate, armorial bearings, etc.), are included in the excise. Often used adjectively; as, excise duties; excise law; excise system. The English excise system corresponds to the internal revenue system in the United States. Abbot. An excise . . . is a fixed, absolute, and direct charge laid on merchandise, products, or commodities. 11 Allen's (Mass. ) Rpts.

2. That department or bureau of the public service charged with the collection of the excise taxes. [Eng.]

EXCISE Ex*cise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excised; p. pr. & vb. n. Excising.]

1. To lay or impose an excise upon.

2. To impose upon; to overcharge. [Prov. Eng.]

EXCISE Ex*cise", v. t. Etym: [See Excide.]

Defn: To cut out or off; to separate and remove; as, to excise a tumor.

EXCISEMAN Ex*cise"man, n.; pl. Excisemen (.

Defn: An officer who inspects and rates articles liable to excise duty. Macaulay.

EXCISION Ex*ci"sion, n. Etym: [L. excisio: cf. F. excision. See Excide.]

1. The act of excising or cutting out or off; extirpation; destruction. Such conquerors are the instruments of vengeance on those nations that have . . . grown ripe for excision. Atterbury.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: The act of cutting off from the church; excommunication.

3. (Surg.)

Defn: The removal, especially of small parts, with a cutting instrument. Dunglison.

EXCITABILITY Ex*cit"a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. excitabilité.]

1. The quality of being readily excited; proneness to be affected by exciting causes.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The property manifested by living organisms, and the elements and tissues of which they are constituted, of responding to the action of stimulants; irritability; as, nervous excitability.

EXCITABLE Ex*cit"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. excitabilis inciting: cf. F. excitable.]

Defn: Capable of being excited, or roused into action; susceptible of excitement; easily stirred up, or stimulated.

EXCITANT Ex*cit"ant, a. Etym: [L. excitans, -antis, p. pr. of excitare: cf. F. excitant.]

Defn: Tending to excite; exciting.

EXCITANT Ex*cit"ant, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: An agent or influence which arouses vital activity, or produces increased action, in a living organism or in any of its tissues or parts; a stimulant.

EXCITATE Ex*cit"ate, v. t. Etym: [L. excitatus, p.p. of excitare. See Excite.]

Defn: To excite. [Obs.] Bacon.

EXCITATION Ex`ci*ta"tion n. Etym: [L. excitatio: cf. F. excitation.]

1. The act of exciting or putting in motion; the act of rousing up or awakening. Bacon.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The act of producing excitement (stimulation); also, the excitement produced.

EXCITATIVE Ex*cit"a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. excitatif.]

Defn: Having power to excite; tending or serving to excite; excitatory. Barrow.

EXCITATOR Ex"ci*ta`tor, n. Etym: [L., one who rouses.] (Elec.)

Defn: A kind of discarder.

EXCITATORY Ex*cit"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. excitatoire.]

Defn: Tending to excite; containing excitement; excitative.

EXCITE Ex*cite", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excited; p. pr. & vb. n. exciting.] Etym: [L. excitare; ex out + citare to move rapidly, to rouse: cf. OF. esciter, exciter, F. exciter. See Cite.]

1. To call to activity in any way; to rouse to feeling; to kindle to passionate emotion; to stir up to combined or general activity; as, to excite a person, the spirits, the passions; to excite a mutiny or insurrection; to excite heat by friction.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: To call forth or increase the vital activity of an organism, or any of its parts.

Syn. -- To incite; awaken; animate; rouse or arouse; stimulate; inflame; irritate; provoke. -- To Excite, Incite. When we excite we rouse into action feelings which were less strong; when we incite we spur on or urge forward to a specific act or end. Demosthenes excited the passions of the Athenians against Philip, and thus incited the whole nation to unite in the war against him. Antony, by his speech over the body of Cæsar, so excited the feelings of the populace, that Brutus and his companions were compelled to flee from Rome; many however, were incited to join their standard, not only by love of liberty, but hopes of plunder.

EXCITEFUL Ex*cite"ful, n.

Defn: Full of exciting qualities; as, an exciteful story; exciteful players. Chapman.

EXCITEMENT Ex*cite"ment n. Etym: [Cf. OF. excitement, escitement.]

1. The act of exciting, or the state of being roused into action, or of having increased action; impulsion; agitation; as, an excitement of the people.

2. That which excites or rouses; that which moves, stirs, or induces action; a motive. The cares and excitements of a season of transition and struggle. Talfowrd.

3. (Physiol.)

Defn: A state of aroused or increased vital activity in an organism, or any of its organs or tissues.

EXCITER Ex*cit"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, excites. Hope is the grand exciter of industry. Dr. H. More.

EXCITING Ex*cit"ing, a.

Defn: Calling or rousing into action; producing excitement; as, exciting events; an exciting story. -- Ex*cit"ing*ly, adv. Exciting causes (Med.), those which immediately produce disease, or those which excite the action of predisposing causes.

EXCITIVE Ex*cit"ive, a.

Defn: Serving or tending to excite; excitative. [R.] Bamfield.

EXCITIVE Ex*cit"ive, n.

Defn: That which excites; an excitant. [R.]

EXCITO-MOTION Ex*ci`to-mo"tion, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: Motion excited by reflex nerves. See Excito-motory.

EXCITO-MOTOR Ex*ci`to-mo"tor, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Excitomotory; as, excito-motor power or causes.

EXCITO-MOTORY Ex*ci`to-mo"to*ry, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Exciting motion; -- said of that portion of the nervous system concerned in reflex action, by which impressions are transmitted to a nerve center and then reflected back so as to produce muscular contraction without sensation or volition.

EXCITO-NUTRIENT Ex*ci`to-nu"tri*ent, a (Physiol.)

Defn: Exciting nutrition; said of the reflex influence by which the nutritional processes are either excited or modified.

EXCITO-SECRETORY Ex*ci`to-se*cre"to*ry, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Exciting secretion; -- said of the influence exerted by reflex action on the function of secretion, by which the various glands are excited to action.

EXCLAIM Ex*claim", v. t.& i. [imp. & p. p. Exclaimed;p. pr. & vb. n. Exclaiming.] Etym: [L. exclamare, exclamatum; ex + clamare to cry out; cf. OF. exclamer. See Clam.]

Defn: To cry out from earnestness or passion; to utter with vehemence; to call out or declare loudly; to protest vehemently; to vociferate; to shout; as, to exclaim against oppression with wonder or astonishment; "The field is won!" he exclaimed.

EXCLAIM Ex*claim", n.

Defn: Outcry; clamor. [Archaic] Cursing cries and deep exclaims. Shak.

EXCLAIMER Ex*claim"er, n.

Defn: One who exclaims.

EXCLAMATION Ex`cla*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. exclamatio: cf. F. exclamation.]

1. A loud calling or crying out; outcry; loud or emphatic utterance; vehement vociferation; clamor; that which is cried out, as an expression of feeling; sudden expression of sound or words indicative of emotion, as in surprise, pain, grief, joy, anger, etc. Exclamations against abuses in the church. Hooker. Thus will I drown your exclamations. Shak. A festive exclamation not unsuited to the occasion. Trench.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: A word expressing outcry; an interjection; a word expressing passion, as wonder, fear, or grief.

3. (Print.)

Defn: A mark or sign by which outcry or emphatic utterance is marked; thus [!]; -- called also exclamation point.

EXCLAMATIVE Ex*clam"a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. exclamatif.]

Defn: Exclamatory. Earle. -- Ex*clam"a*tive*ly, adv.

EXCLAMATORY Ex*clam"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Containing, expressing, or using exclamation; as, an exclamatory phrase or speaker. South. -- Ex*clam"a*to*ti*ly, adv.

EXCLAVE Ex*clave", n. Etym: [Formed fr. enclave by substitution of ex- for en-]

Defn: A portion of a country which is separated from the main part and surrounded by politically alien territory. [Recent.]

Note: The same territory is an enclave in respect to the surrounding country and an exclave with respect to the country to which it is politically attached.

EXCLUDE Ex*clude", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excluded; p. pr. & vb. n. Excluding.] Etym: [L. excludere, exclusum; ex out + claudere to shut. See Close.]

1. To shut out; to hinder from entrance or admission; to debar from participation or enjoyment; to deprive of; to except; -- the opposite to admit; as, to exclude a crowd from a room or house; to exclude the light; to exclude one nation from the ports of another; to exclude a taxpayer from the privilege of voting. And none but such, from mercy I exclude. Milton.

2. To thrust out or eject; to expel; as, to exclude young animals from the womb or from eggs. Excluded middle. (logic) The name given to the third of the "three logical axioms," so-called, namely, to that one which is expressed by the formula: "Everything is either A or Not-A." no third state or condition being involved or allowed. See Principle of contradiction, under Contradiction.

EXCLUSION Ex*clu"sion, n. Etym: [L. exclusio: cf. F. exclusion. See Exclude.]

1. The act of excluding, or of shutting out, whether by thrusting out or by preventing admission; a debarring; rejection; prohibition; the state of being excluded. His sad exclusion from the doors of bliss. Milton. The exclusion of the duke from the crown of England and Ireland. Hume.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The act of expelling or ejecting a fetus or an egg from the womb.

3. Thing emitted. Sir T. Browne.

EXCLUSIONARY Ex*clu"sion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Tending to exclude; causing exclusion; exclusive.

EXCLUSIONISM Ex*clu"sion*ism, n.

Defn: The character, manner, or principles of an exclusionist.

EXCLUSIONIST Ex*clu"sion*ist, n.

Defn: One who would exclude another from some right or privilege; esp., one of the anti-popish politicians of the time of Charles

EXCLUSIVE Ex*clu"sive a. Etym: [Cf. F. exclusif.]

1. Having the power of preventing entrance; debarring from participation or enjoyment; possessed and enjoyed to the exclusion of others; as, exclusive bars; exclusive privilege; exclusive circles of society.

2. Not taking into the account; excluding from consideration; -- opposed to inclusive; as, five thousand troops, exclusive of artillery.

EXCLUSIVE Ex*clu"sive, n.

Defn: One of a coterie who exclude others; one who from real of affected fastidiousness limits his acquaintance to a select few.

EXCLUSIVENESS Ex*clu"sive*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being exclusive.

EXCLUSIVISM Ex*clu"siv*ism, n.

Defn: The act or practice of excluding being exclusive; exclusiveness.

EXCLUSIVIST Ex*clu"siv*ist, n.

Defn: One who favor or practices any from of exclusiveness or exclusivism. The field of Greek mythology . . . the favorite sporting ground of the exclusivists of the solar theory. Gladstone.

EXCLUSORY Ex*clu"so*ry, a. Etym: [L. exclusorius.]

Defn: Able to exclude; excluding; serving to exclude.

EXCOCT Ex*coct" v. t. Etym: [L. excoctus, p.p. of excoquere to excoct. See 3d Cook.]

Defn: To boil out; to produce by boiling. [Obs.] Bacon.

EXCOCTION Ex*coc"tion. Etym: [L. excoctio.]

Defn: The act of excocting or boiling out. [Obs.] Bacon.

EXCOGITATE Ex*cog"i*tate v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excogitated; p. pr. & vb. n.. Excogitating.] Etym: [L. excogitatus, p. p. of excogitare to excogitate; ex out + cogitare to think. See Cogitate.]

Defn: To think out; to find out or discover by thinking; to devise; to contrive. "Excogitate strange arts." Stirling. This evidence . . . thus excogitated out of the general theory. Whewell.

EXCOGITATE Ex*cog"i*tate, v. i.

Defn: To cogitate. [R.] Bacon.

EXCOGITATION Ex*cog`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. excogitatio: cf. F. excogitation.]

Defn: The act of excogitating; a devising in the thoughts; invention; contrivance.

EXCOMMUNE Ex`com*mune" v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. excommuier. See Excommunicate.]

Defn: To exclude from participation in; to excommunicate. [Obs.] Poets . . . were excommuned Plato's common wealth Gayton.

EXCOMMUNICABLE Ex`com*mu"ni*ca*ble, a. Etym: [See Excommunicate.]

Defn: Liable or deserving to be excommunicated; making excommunication possible or proper. "Persons excommunicable ." Bp. Hall. What offenses are excommunicable Kenle.

EXCOMMUNICANT Ex`com*mu"ni*cant, n.

Defn: One who has been excommunicated.

EXCOMMUNICATE Ex"com*mu"ni*cate, a. Etym: [L. excommunicatus, p. p. of communicare to excommunicate; ex out + communicare. See Communicate.]

Defn: Excommunicated; interdicted from the rites of the church. -- n.

Defn: One excommunicated. Thou shalt stand cursed and excommunicate. Shak.

EXCOMMUNICATE Ex`com*mu"ni*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excommunicated; p. pr. & vb. n. Excommunicating.]

1. To put out of communion; especially, to cut off, or shut out, from communion with the church, by an ecclesiastical sentence.

2. To lay under the ban of the church; to interdict. Martin the Fifth . . . was the first that excommunicated the reading of heretical books. Miltin.

EXCOMMUNICATION Ex`com*mu`ni*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. excommunicatio: cf. F. excommunication.]

Defn: The act of communicating or ejecting; esp., an ecclesiastical censure whereby the person against whom it is pronounced is, for the time, cast out of the communication of the church; exclusion from fellowship in things spiritual.

Note: excommunication is of two kinds, the lesser and the greater; the lesser excommunication is a separation or suspension from partaking of the Eucharist; the greater is an absolute execution of the offender from the church and all its rights and advantages, even from social intercourse with the faithful.

EXCOMMUNICATOR Ex`com*mu"ni*ca`tor n. Etym: [Cf. LL. excommunicator.]

Defn: One who excommunicates.

EXCOMMUNION Ex`com*mun"ion

Defn: . A shutting out from communion; excommunication. [Obs.] Excommunication is the utmost of ecclesiastical judicature. Milton.

EXCORIABLE Ex*co"ri*a*ble

Defn: . Capable of being excoriated. The scaly covering of fishes, . . . even in such as are excoriatable. Sir T. Browne.

EXCORIATE Ex*co"ri*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excoriated;p. pr. & vb. n. excoriating.] Etym: [L. excoriare; ex out + corium hide. cf. Scourge; see Cuirass.]

Defn: To strip or wear off the skin of; to abrade; to gall; to break and remove the cuticle of, in any manner, as by rubbing, beating, or by the action of acrid substances.

EXCORIATION Ex*co`ri*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. excoriation.]

1. The act of excoriating or flaying, or state of being excoriated, or stripped of the skin; abrasion.

2. Stripping of possession; spoliation. [Obs.] A pitiful excoriation of the poorer sort. Howell.

EXCORTICATE Ex*cor"ti*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. ex out, from + cortex, corticis, bark.]

Defn: To strip of bark or skin; to decorticate. [Obs.] "Excorticate the tree." Evelyn.

EXCORTICATION Ex*cor`ti*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. excortication.]

Defn: The act of stripping off bark, or the state of being thus stripped; decortication.

EXCREABLE Ex"cre*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. excreabilis, exscreabilis, fr. exscreare. See Excreate.]

Defn: Capable of being discharged by spitting. [Obs.] Swift.

EXCREATE Ex"cre*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. excreare, exsreare; ex out + screare to hawk.]

Defn: To spit out; to discharge from the throat by hawking and spitting. [Obs.] Cockeram.

EXCREATION Ex`cre*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. excreatio, exscreatio.]

Defn: Act of spitting out. [Obs.] Cockeram.

EXCREMENT Ex"cre*ment, n. Etym: [L. excrementum, fr. excernere, excretum, to skin out, discharge: cf. F. excrément. See Excrete.]

Defn: Matter excreted and ejected; that which is excreted or cast out of the animal body by any of the natural emunctories; especially, alvine, discharges; dung; ordure.

EXCREMENT Ex"cre*ment, n. Etym: [L. excrementum, fr. excrescere, excretum, to grow out. See Excrescence.]

Defn: An excrescence or appendage; an outgrowth. [Obs.] "Ornamental excrements." Fuller. Living creatures put forth (after their period of growth) nothing that is young but hair and nails, which are excrements and no parts. Bacon.

EXCREMENTAL Ex`cre*men"tal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to excrement.

EXCREMENTITIAL; EXCREMENTITIOUS Ex`cre*men*ti"tial, Ex`cre*men*ti"tious, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or consisting of, excrement; of the nature of excrement.

EXCREMENTIVE Ex`cre*men"tive, a.

Defn: Serving to excrete; connected with excretion or excrement. [R.] "The excrementive parts." Felthman.

EXCREMENTIZE Ex"cre*ment*ize` v. i.

Defn: To void excrement. [R.] Life of A. Wood

EXCRESCENCE Ex*cres"cence n. Etym: [F. excrescence, excroissanse, L. excrescentia excrescences, neut. pl. of p. pr. of excrescere. See Excrescent.]

Defn: An excrescent appendage, as, a wart or tumor; anything growing out unnaturally from anything else; a preternatural or morbid development; hence, a troublesome superfluity; an incumbrance; as, an excrescence on the body, or on a plant. "Excrescences of joy." Jer. Taylor. The excrescences of the Spanish monarchy. Addison.

EXCRESCENCY Ex*cres"cen*cy, n.

Defn: Excrescence. [Obs.]

EXCRESCENT Ex*cres"cent, a. Etym: [L. excresens, -entis, p. pr. of excrescere to grow out ; ex out + crescere to grow. See Crescent.]

Defn: Growing out in an abnormal or morbid manner or as a superfluity. Expunge the whole, or lip the excrescent parts. Pope. Excrescent letter (Philol.), a letter which has been added to a root; as, the d in alder (AS. alr) is an excrescent letter.

EXCRESCENTIAL Ex`cres*cen"tial a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, an excrescence. [R.] Hawthorne.

EXCRETA Ex*cre"ta, n. pl. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Matters to be excreted.

EXCRETE Ex*crete", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excreted; p. pr. & vb. n. Excreting.] Etym: [L. excretus, p. p. of excernere to sift out, discharge; ex out + cernere to sift, separate. See Crisis.]

Defn: To separate and throw off; to excrete urine. "The mucus thus excreted." Hooper.

EXCRETIN Ex"cre*tin, n. Etym: [From Excrete.] (physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A nonnitrogenous, crystalline body, present in small quantity in human fæces.

EXCRETION Ex*cre"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. excrétion.]

1. The act of excreting. To promote secretion and excretion. Pereira.

2. That which is excreted; excrement. Bacon.

EXCRETIVE Ex*cre"tive, a.

Defn: Having the power of excreting, or promoting excretion. Harvey.

EXCRETORY Ex*cre"to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. excrétoire.]

Defn: Having the quality of excreting, or throwing off excrementitious matter.

EXCRUCIABLE Ex*cru"ci*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. excruciabilis.]

Defn: Liable to torment. [R.] Bailey.

EXCRUCIATE Ex*cru"ci*ate, a. Etym: [L. excruciatus, p. p. of excruciare to excruciate; ex out + cruciare to put to death on a cross, to torment. See Cruciate, Cross.]

Defn: Excruciated; tortured. And here my heart long time excruciate. Chapman.

EXCRUCIATE Ex*cru"ci*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excruciated; p. pr. & vb. n. Excruciating.]

Defn: To inflict agonizing pain upon; to torture; to torment greatly; to rack; as, to excruciate the heart or the body. Their thoughts, like devils, them excruciate. Drayton.

EXCRUCIATING Ex*cru"ci*a`ting

Defn: . Torturing; racking. "Excruciating pain." V. Knox. "Excruciating fears." Bentley -- Ex*cru"ci*a`ting*ly, adv.

EXCRUCIATION Ex*cru`ci*a"tion n. Etym: [L. excruciatio.]

Defn: The act of inflicting agonizing pain, or the state of being thus afflicted; that which excruciates; torture. Feltham.

EXCUBATION Ex`cu*ba"tion n. Etym: [L. excubatio, fr. excubare to lie out on guard; ex out on guard; ex out + cubare to lie down.]

Defn: A keeping watch. [Obs.] Bailey.

EXCUBITORIUM Ex*cu`bi*to"ri*um, n. Etym: [LL. excubitorium; ex out + cubare, cubitum, to lie.] (Eccl. Antiq.)

Defn: A gallery in a church, where persons watched all night.

EXCULPABLE Ex*cul"pa*ble

Defn: . Capable of being exculpated; deserving exculpation. Sir G. Buck.

EXCULPATE Ex*cul"pate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exculpated, p. pr. & vb. n.. Exculpating ( Etym: [L. ex out + culpatus, p. p. of culpare to find fault with, to blame, culpa fault. See Culpable.]

Defn: To clear from alleged fault or guilt; to prove to be guiltless; to relieve of blame; to acquit. He exculpated himself from being the author of the heroic epistle. Mason. I exculpate him further for his writing against me. Milman.

Syn. -- To exonerate; absolve; clear; acquit; excuse; vindicate; justify.

EXCULPATION Ex`cul*pa"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. exculpatio.]

Defn: The act of exculpating from alleged fault or crime; that which exculpates; excuse. These robbers, however, were men who might have made out a strong case in exculpation of themselves. Southey.

EXCULPATORY Ex*cul"pa*to*ry

Defn: . Clearing, or tending to clear, from alleged fault or guilt; excusing. "An exculpatory letter." Johnson.

EXCUR Ex*cur" i. Etym: [L. excurrere. See Excurrent.]

Defn: To run out or forth; to extend. [Obs.] Harvey.

EXCURRENT Ex*cur"rent, a. Etym: [L. excurrens, p. p. of excurrere, excursum, to run out; ex out + currere to run. See Current.]

1. Running or flowing out; as: (Bot.)

Defn: Running or extending out; as, an excurrent midrib, one which projects beyond the apex of a leaf; an excurrent steam or trunk, one which continues to the top.

2. (Zoöl)

Defn: Characterized by a current which flows outward; as, an excurrent orifice or tube.

EXCURSE Ex*curse", v. t. Etym: [See excurrent.]

Defn: To journey or pass thought. [R.]

EXCURSION Ex*cur"sion. Etym: [L. excursio: cf. F. excursion. See Excurrent.]

1. A running or going out or forth; an expedition; a sally. Far on excursion toward the gates of hell. Milton. They would make excursions and waste the country. Holland.

2. A journey chiefly for recreation; a pleasure trip; a brief tour; as, an excursion into the country.

3. A wandering from a subject; digression. I am not in a scribbling mood, and shall therefore make no excursions. Cowper.

4. (Mach.)

Defn: Length of stroke, as of a piston; stroke. [An awkward use of the word.]

Syn. -- Journey; tour; ramble; jaunt. See Journey.

EXCURSIONIST Ex*cur"sion*ist, n.

Defn: One who goes on an excursion, or pleasure trip.

EXCURSIVE Ex*cur"sive, a.

Defn: Prone to make excursions; wandering; roving; exploring; as, an excursive fancy. The course of excursive . . . understandings. I. Taylor. -- Ex*cur"sive*ly, adv. -- Ex*cur"sive*ness, , n.

EXCURSUS Ex*cur"sus, n. Etym: [L., fr. excurrere, excursum. See Excurrent.]

Defn: A dissertation or digression appended to a work, and containing a more extended exposition of some important point or topic.

EXCUSABLE Ex*cus"a*ble a. Etym: [L. excusabilis: cf. F. excusable. See Excuse.]

Defn: That may be excused, forgiven, justified, or acquitted of blame; pardonable; as, the man is excusable; an excusable action. -- Ex*cus"a*ble*ness, n. -- Ex*cus"a*bly, adv. The excusableness of my dissatisfaction. Boyle.

EXCUSATION Ex`cu*sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. excusatio: cf. F. excusation.]

Defn: Excuse; apology. [Obs.] Bacon.

EXCUSATOR Ex`cu*sa"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who makes, or is authorized to make, an excuse; an apologist. [Obs.] Hume.

EXCUSATORY Ex*cus"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Making or containing excuse or apology; apologetical; as, an excusatory plea.

EXCUSE Ex*cuse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excused; p. pr. & vb. n. Excusing.] Etym: [OE. escusen, cusen, OF. escuser, excuser, F. excuser, fr. L. excusare; ex out + causa cause, causari to plead. See Cause.]

1. To free from accusation, or the imputation of fault or blame; to clear from guilt; to release from a charge; to justify by extenuating a fault; to exculpate; to absolve; to acquit. A man's persuasion that a thing is duty, will not excuse him from guilt in practicing it, if really and indeed it be against Gog's law. Abp. Sharp.

2. To pardon, as a fault; to forgive entirely, or to admit to be little censurable, and to overlook; as, we excuse irregular conduct, when extraordinary circumstances appear to justify it. I must excuse what can not be amended. Shak.

3. To regard with indulgence; to view leniently or to overlook; to pardon. And in our own (excuse some courtly stains.) No whiter page than Addison remains. Pope.

4. To free from an impending obligation or duty; hence, to disengage; to dispense with; to release by favor; also, to remit by favor; not to exact; as, to excuse a forfeiture. I pray thee have me excused. xiv. 19.

5. To relieve of an imputation by apology or defense; to make apology for as not seriously evil; to ask pardon or indulgence for. Think ye that we excuse ourselves to you 2 Cor. xii. 19.

Syn. -- To vindicate; exculpate; absolve; acquit. - To Pardon, Excuse, Forgive. A superior pardons as an act of mercy or generosity; either a superior or an equal excuses. A crime, great fault, or a grave offence, as one against law or morals, may be pardoned; a small fault, such as a failure in social or conventional obligations, slight omissions or neglects may be excused. Forgive relates to offenses against one's self, and punishment foregone; as, to forgive injuries or one who has injured us; to pardon grave offenses, crimes, and criminals; to excuse an act of forgetfulness, an unintentional offense. Pardon is also a word of courtesy employed in the sense of excuse.

EXCUSE Ex*cuse", n. Etym: [Cf. F. excuse. See Excuse, v. t.]

1. The act of excusing, apologizing, exculpating, pardoning, releasing, and the like; acquittal; release; absolution; justification; extenuation. Pleading so wisely in excuse of it. Shak.

2. That which is offered as a reason for being excused; a plea offered in extenuation of a fault or irregular deportment; apology; as, an excuse for neglect of duty; excuses for delay of payment. Hence with denial vain and coy excuse. Milton.

3. That which excuses; that which extenuates or justifies a fault. "It hath the excuse of youth." Shak. If eyes were made for seeing. Then beauty is its own excuse for being. Emerson.

Syn. -- See Apology.

EXCUSELESS Ex*cuse"less, a.

Defn: Having no excuse; not admitting of excuse or apology. Whillock.

EXCUSEMENT Ex*cuse"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. excusement.]

Defn: Excuse. [Obs.] Gower.

EXCUSER Ex*cus"er, n.

1. One who offers excuses or pleads in extenuation of the fault of another. Swift.

2. One who excuses or forgives another. Shelton.

EXCUSS Ex*cuss", v. t. Etym: [L. excussus. p. p. of excutere to shake off; ex out, from + quatere to shake. Cf. Quash.]

1. To shake off; to discard. [R.] To excuss the notation of a Geity out of their minds. Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. To inspect; to investigate; to decipher. [R.] To take some pains in excusing some old monuments. F. Junius (1654).

3. To seize and detain by law, as goods. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

EXCUSSION Ex*cus"sion, n. Etym: [L. excussio a shaking down; LL., a threshing of corn: cf. F. excussion.]

Defn: The act of excusing; seizure by law. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

EXEAT Ex"e*at, n. Etym: [L., let him go forth.]

1. A license for absence from a college or a religious house. [Eng.] Shipley.

2. A permission which a bishop grants to a priest to go out of his diocese. Wharton.

EXECRABLE Ex"e*cra*ble, a. Etym: [L. execrabilis, exsecrabilis: cf. F. exécrable. See Execrate.]

Defn: Deserving to be execrated; accursed; damnable; detestable; abominable; as, an execrable wretch. "Execrable pride." Hooker. -- Ex"e*cra*ble*ness, n. -- Ex"e*cra*bly, adv.

EXECRATE Ex"e*crate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Execrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Execrating.] Etym: [L. execratus, exsecratus, p. p. of execrare, exsecrare, to execrate; ex out + sacer holy, sacred. See Sacred.]

Defn: To denounce evil against, or to imprecate evil upon; to curse; to protest against as unholy or detestable; hence, to detest utterly; to abhor; to abominate. "They . . . execrate their lct." Cowper.

EXECRATION Ex`e*cra"tion, n. Etym: [L. execratio, exsecratio: cf. F. exécration.]

1. The act of cursing; a curse dictated by violent feelings of hatred; imprecation; utter detestation expressed. Cease, gentle, queen, these execrations. Shak.

2. That which is execrated; a detested thing. Ye shall be an execration and . . . a curse. Jer. xlii. 18.

Syn. -- See Malediction.

EXECRATIVE Ex"e*cra*tive, a.

Defn: Cursing; imprecatory; vilifying. Carlyle. -- Ex"e*cra*tive*ly, adv.

EXECRATIVE Ex"e*cra*tive, n.

Defn: A word used for cursing; an imprecatory word or expression. Earle.

EXECRATORY Ex"e*cra*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of the nature of execration; imprecatory; denunciatory. C. Kingsley. -- n.

Defn: A formulary of execrations. L. Addison.

EXECT Ex*ect", v. t. Etym: [See Exsect.]

Defn: To cut off or out. [Obs.] See Exsect. Harvey.

EXECTION Ex*ec"tion, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Exsection.

EXECUTABLE Ex"e*cu`ta*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being executed; feasible; as, an executable project. [R.]

EXECUTANT Ex*ec"u*tant, n.

Defn: One who executes or performs; esp., a performer on a musical instrument. Great executants on the organ. De Quincey.

EXECUTE Ex"e*cute, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Executed; p. pr. & vb. n. Executing.] Etym: [F. exécuter, L. executus, exsecutus, p. p. of exequi to follow to the end, pursue; ex out + sequi to follow. See Second, Sue to follow up, and cf. Exequy.]

1. To follow out or through to the end; to carry out into complete effect; to complete; to finish; to effect; to perform; Why delays His hand to execute what his decree Fixed on this day Milton.

2. To complete, as a legal instrument; to perform what is required to give validity to, as by signing and perhaps sealing and delivering; as, to execute a deed, lease, mortgage, will, etc.

3. To give effect to; to do what is provided or required by; to perform the requirements or stimulations of; as, to execute a decree, judgment, writ, or process.

4. To infect capital punishment on; to put to death in conformity to a legal sentence; as, to execute a traitor.

5. Too put to death illegally; to kill. [Obs.] Shak.

6. (Mus.)

Defn: To perform, as a piece of music, either on an instrument or with the voice; as, to execute a difficult part brilliantly.

Syn. -- To accomplish; effect; fulfill; achieve; consummate; finish; complete. See Accomplish.

EXECUTE Ex"e*cute, v. i.

1. To do one's work; to act one's part of purpose. [R.] Hayward.

2. To perform musically.

EXECUTER Ex"e*cu`ter, n.

Defn: One who performs or carries into effect. See Executor.

EXECUTION Ex`e*cu"tion, n. Etym: [F. exécution, L. executio, exsecutio.]

1. The act of executing; a carrying into effect or to completion; performance; achievement; consummation; as, the execution of a plan, a work, etc. The excellence of the subject contributed much to the happiness of the execution. Dryden.

2. A putting to death as a legal penalty; death lawfully inflicted; as, the execution of a murderer. A warrant for his execution. Shak.

3. The act of the mode of performing a work of art, of performing on an instrument, of engraving, etc.; as, the execution of a statue, painting, or piece of music. The first quality of execution is truth. Ruskin.

4. (Law) (a) The carrying into effect the judgment given in a court of law. (b) A judicial writ by which an officer is empowered to carry a judgment into effect; final process. (c) The act of signing, and delivering a legal instrument, or giving it the forms required to render it valid; as, the execution of a deed, or a will.

5. That which is executed or accomplished; effect; effective work; -- usually with do. To do some fatal execution. Shak.

6. The act of sacking a town. [Obs.] Beau. & FL.

EXECUTIONER Ex`e*cu"tion*er, n.

1. One who executes; an executer. Bacon.

2. One who puts to death in conformity to legal warrant, as a hangman.

EXECUTIVE Ex*ec"u*tive, a. Etym: [Cf.F. exécutif.]

Defn: Designed or fitted for execution, or carrying into effect; as, executive talent; qualifying for, concerned with, or pertaining to, the execution of the laws or the conduct of affairs; as, executive power or authority; executive duties, officer, department, etc.

Note: In government, executive is distinguished from legislative and judicial; legislative being applied to the organ or organs of government which make the laws; judicial, to that which interprets and applies the laws; executive, to that which carries them into effect or secures their due performance.

EXECUTIVE Ex*ec"u*tive, n.

Defn: An impersonal title of the chief magistrate or officer who administers the government, whether king, president, or governor; the governing person or body.

EXECUTIVELY Ex*ec"u*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In the way of executing or performing.

EXECUTOR Ex*ec"u*tor, n. Etym: [L. executor, exsecutor: cf. F. exécuteur. Cf. Executer.]

1. One who executes or performs; a doer; as, an executor of baseness. Shak.

2. An executioner. [Obs.] Delivering o'er to executors pa . . . The lazy, yawning drone. Shak.

3. (Law)

Defn: The person appointed by a Executor de son tort Etym: [Of., executor of his own wrong] (Law), a stranger who intermeddles without authority in the distribution of the estate of a deceased person.

EXECUTORIAL Ex*ec`u*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [LL. executorialis.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to an executive.

EXECUTORSHIP Ex*ec"u*tor*ship, n.

Defn: The office of an executor.

EXECUTORY Ex*ec"u*to*ry, a. Etym: [LL. executorius, L. exsecutorius: cf.F. exécutoire.]

1. Pertaining to administration, or putting the laws in force; executive. The official and executory duties of government. Burke.

2. (Law)

Defn: Designed to be executed or carried into effect in time to come, or to take effect on a future contingency; as, an executory devise, reminder, or estate; an executory contract. Blackstone.

EXECUTRESS Ex*ec"u*tress, n. Etym: [Cf.F. exécutrice.]

Defn: An executrix.

EXECUTRIX Ex*ec"u*trix, n. Etym: [LL.] (Law)

Defn: A woman exercising the functions of an executor.

EXEDENT Ex"e*dent, a. Etym: [L. exedent, -entis, p.pr. of exedere. See Exesion.]

Defn: Eating out; consuming. [R.]

EXEDRA Ex"e*dra, n.; pl. Exedræ. Etym: [L., fr.Gr

1. (Class. Antiq.)

Defn: A room in a public building, furnished with seats.

2. (Arch.) (a) The projection of any part of a building in a rounded form. (b) Any out-of-door seat in stone, large enough for several persons; esp., one of curved form.

EXEGESIS Ex`e*ge"sis, n.;pl. Exegeses. Etym: [NL., fr.Gr. Agent.]

1. Exposition; explanation; especially, a critical explanation of a text or portion of Scripture.

2. (Math.)

Defn: The process of finding the roots of an equation. [Obs.]

EXEGETE Ex"e*gete, n. Etym: [Gr. exégète. See Exegesis.]

Defn: An exegetist.

EXEGETIC; EXEGETICAL Ex`e*get"ic, Ex`e*get"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. exégétique.]

Defn: Pertaining to exegesis; tending to unfold or illustrate; explanatory; expository. Walker. Ex`e*get"ic*al*ly, adv.

EXEGETICS Ex`e*get"ics, n.

Defn: The science of interpretation or exegesis.

EXEGETIST Ex`e*ge"tist, n.

Defn: One versed in the science of exegesis or interpretation; -- also called exegete.

EXEMPLAR Ex*em"plar, n. Etym: [L. exemplar, exemplum: cf. F. exemplaire. See Example, and cf. Examper, Sampler.]

1. A model, original, or pattern, to be copied or imitated; a specimen; sometimes; an ideal model or type, as that which an artist conceives. Such grand exemplar as make their own abilities the sole measure of what is fit or unfit. South.

2. A copy of a book or writing. [Obs.] Udall.

EXEMPLAR Ex*em"plar, a.

Defn: Exemplary. [Obs.] The exemplar piety of the father of a family. Jer. Taylor.

EXEMPLARILY Ex"em*pla*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner fitted or designed to be an example for imitation or for warning; by way of example. She is exemplarily loyal. Howell. Some he punisheth exemplarily. Hakewill.

EXEMPLARINESS Ex"em*pla*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being exemplary; fitness to be an example.

EXEMPLARITY Ex`em*plar"i*ty (, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. exemplaritas.]

Defn: Exemplariness. [R.] The exemplarity of Christ's life. Abp. Sharp.

EXEMPLARY Ex"em*pla*ry, a. Etym: [L. exemplaris, fr. exemplar: cf. F. exemplaire. See Exemplar.]

1. Serving as a pattern; deserving to be proposed for imitation; commendable; as, an exemplary person; exemplary conduct. [Bishops'] lives and doctrines ought to be exemplary. Bacon.

2. Serving as a warning; monitory; as, exemplary justice, punishment, or damages.

3. Illustrating as the proof of a thing. Fuller. Exemplary damages. (Law) See under Damage.

EXEMPLARY Ex"em*pla*ry, n.

Defn: An exemplar; also, a copy of a book or writing. [Obs.] Donne.

EXEMPLIFIABLE Ex*em"pli*fi`a*ble, a.

Defn: That can be exemplified.

EXEMPLIFICATION Ex*em`pli*fi*ca"tion, n.

1. The act of exemplifying; a showing or illustrating by example.

2. That which exemplifies; a case in point; example.

3. (Law)

Defn: A copy or transcript attested to be correct by the seal of an officer having custody of the original.

EXEMPLIFIER Ex*em"pli*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who exemplifies by following a pattern.

EXEMPLIFY Ex*em"pli*fy v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exemplified; p. pr. &. vb. n. Exemplifying.] Etym: [L. exemplum example + -fy: cf. LL. exemplificare to copy, serve as an example.]

1. To show or illustrate by example. He did but . . . exemplify the principles in which he had been brought up. Cowper.

2. To copy; to transcribe; to make an attested copy or transcript of, under seal, as of a record. Holland.

3. To prove or show by an attested copy.

EXEMPT Ex*empt", a. Etym: [F. exempt, L. exemptus, p. p. of eximere to take out, remove, free; ex out + emere to buy, take. Cf. Exon, Redeem.]

1. Cut off; set apart. [Obs.] Corrupted, and exempt from ancient gentry. Shak.

2. Extraordinary; exceptional. [Obs.] Chapman.

3. Free, or released, from some liability to which others are subject; excepted from the operation or burden of some law; released; free; clear; privileged; -- (with from): not subject to; not liable to; as, goods exempt from execution; a person exempt from jury service. True nobility is exempt from fear. Shak. T is laid on all, not any one exempt. Dryden.

EXEMPT Ex*empt", n.

1. One exempted or freed from duty; one not subject.

2. One of four officers of the Yeomen of the Royal Guard, having the rank of corporal; an Exon. [Eng.]

EXEMPT Ex*empt", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exempted; p. pr. & vb. n. Exempting.] Etym: [F. exempter. See Exempt, a.]

1. To remove; to set apart. [Obs.] Holland.

2. To release or deliver from some liability which others are subject to; to except or excuse from he operation of a law; to grant immunity to; to free from obligation; to release; as, to exempt from military duty, or from jury service; to exempt from fear or pain. Death So snatched will not exempt us from the pain We are by doom to pay. Milton.

EXEMPTIBLE Ex*empt"i*ble, a.

Defn: That may be exempted.

EXEMPTION Ex*emp"tion, n. Etym: [L. exenptio a removing: cf. F. exemption exemption.]

Defn: The act of exempting; the state of being exempt; freedom from any charge, burden, evil, etc., to which others are subject; immunity; privilege; as, exemption of certain articles from seizure; exemption from military service; exemption from anxiety, suffering, etc.

EXEMPTITIOUS Ex`emp*ti"tious, a.

Defn: Separable. [Obs.] "Exemptitious from matter." Dr. H. More.

EXENTERATE Ex*en"ter*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. exenteratus, p.p. of exenterare; cf. Gr.

Defn: To take out the bowels or entrails of; to disembowel; to eviscerate; as, exenterated fishes. [R.] Exenterated rule-mongers and eviscerated logicians. Hare.

EXENTERATION Ex*en`ter*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. exenteratio.]

Defn: Act of exenterating. [R.]

EXEQUATUR Ex`e*qua"tur, n. Etym: [L., 3d pers. sing. pres. subj. of exequi, exsequi, to perform, execute.]

1. A written official recognition of a consul or commercial agent, issued by the government to which he is accredited, and authorizing him to exercise his powers in the place to which he is assigned.

2. Official recognition or permission. Prescott.

EXEQUIAL Ex*e"qui*al, a. Etym: [L. exequialis, exsequialis, fr. exsequiae exequies.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to funerals; funereal.

EXEQUIOUS Ex*e"qui*ous, a.

Defn: Funereal. [Obs.] Drayton.

EXEQUY Ex"e*quy, n.;pl. Exequies. Etym: [L. exequiae, exsequiae, a funeral procession, fr. exsequi to follow out: cf. OF. exeques. See Exequte.]

Defn: A funeral rite (usually in the plural); the ceremonies of burial; obsequies; funeral procession. But see his exequies fulfilled in Rouen. Shak.

EXERCENT Ex*er"cent, a. Etym: [L. exercents, -entis, p. pr. of exercere. See Exercise.]

Defn: Practicing; professional. [Obs.] "Every exercent advocate." Ayliffe.

EXERCISABLE Ex"er*ci`sa*ble a.

Defn: That may be exercised, used, or exerted.

EXERCISE Ex"er*cise, n. Etym: [F. exercice, L. exercitium, from exercere, exercitum, to drive on, keep, busy, prob. orig., to thrust or drive out of the inclosure; ex out + arcere to shut up, inclose. See Ark.]

1. The act of exercising; a setting in action or practicing; employment in the proper mode of activity; exertion; application; use; habitual activity; occupation, in general; practice. exercise of the important function confided by the constitution to the legislature. Jefferson. O we will walk this world, Yoked in all exercise of noble end. Tennyson.

2. Exertion for the sake of training or improvement whether physical, intellectual, or moral; practice to acquire skill, knowledge, virtue, perfectness, grace, etc. "Desire of knightly exercise." Spenser. An exercise of the eyes and memory. Locke.

3. Bodily exertion for the sake of keeping the organs and functions in a healthy state; hygienic activity; as, to take exercise ob horseback. The wise for cure on exercise depend. Dryden.

4. The performance of an office, a ceremony, or a religious duty. Lewis refused even those of the church of England . . . the public exercise of their religion. Addison. To draw him from his holy exercise. Shak.

5. That which is done for the sake of exercising, practicing, training, or promoting skill, health, mental, improvement, moral discipline, etc.; that which is assigned or prescribed for such ebbs; hence, a disquisition; a lesson; a task; as, military or naval exercises; musical exercises; an exercise in composition. The clumsy exercises of the European tourney. Prescott. He seems to have taken a degree, and preformed public exercises in Cambridge, in 1565. Brydges.

6. That which gives practice; a trial; a test. Patience is more oft the exercise Of saints, the trial of their fortitude. Milton. Exercise bone (Med.), a deposit of bony matter in the soft tissues, produced by pressure or exertion.

EXERCISE Ex"er*cise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exercised; p. pr. & vb. n. Exercising.]

1. To set in action; to cause to act, move, or make exertion; to give employment to; to put in action habitually or constantly; to school or train; to exert repeatedly; to busy. Herein do I Exercise myself, to have always a conscience void of offence. Acts xxiv. 16.

2. To exert for the sake of training or improvement; to practice in order to develop; hence, also, to improve by practice; to discipline, and to use or to for the purpose of training; as, to exercise arms; to exercise one's self in music; to exercise troops. About him exercised heroic games The unarmed youth. Milton.

3. To occupy the attention and effort of; to task; to tax, especially in a painful or vexatious manner; harass; to vex; to worry or make anxious; to affect; to discipline; as, exercised with pain. Where pain of unextinguishable fire Must exercise us without hope of end. Milton.

4. To put in practice; to carry out in action; to perform the duties of; to use; to employ; to practice; as, to exercise authority; to exercise an office. I am the Lord which exercise loving-kindness, judgment, and righteousness in the earth. Jer. ix. 24. The people of the land have used oppression and exercised robbery. Ezek. xxii. 29.

EXERCISE Ex"er*cise, v. i.

Defn: To exercise one's self, as under military training; to drill; to take exercise; to use action or exertion; to practice gymnastics; as, to exercise for health or amusement. I wear my trusty sword, When I do exercise. Cowper.

EXERCISER Ex"er*ci`ser, n.

Defn: One who exercises.

EXERCISIBLE Ex"er*ci`si*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being exercised, employed, or enforced; as, the authority of a magistrate is exercisible within his jurisdiction.

EXERCITATION Ex*er`ci*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. exercitatio, fr. exercitare, intense., fr. exercere to exercise: CF. f. exercitation.]

Defn: exercise; practice; use. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

EXERGUE Ex*ergue", n. Etym: [F.,fr.Gr. i.e., accessory work. See Work.] (Numis.)

Defn: The small space beneath the base line of a subject engraved on a coin or medal. It usually contains the date, place, engraver's name, etc., or other subsidiary matter. Fairholt.

EXERT Ex*ert", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exerted; p. pr. & vb. n. Exerting.] Etym: [L. exertus, exsertus, p.p. of exerere, exserere, to thrust out; ex out + serere to join or bind together. See Series, and cf. Exsert.]

1. To thrust forth; to emit; to push out. [Obs.] So from the seas exerts his radiant head The star by whom the lights of heaven are led. Dryden.

2. To put force, ability, or anything of the nature of an active faculty; to put in vigorous action; to bring into active operation; as, to exert the strength of the body, limbs, faculties, or imagination; to exert the mind or the voice.

3. To put forth, as the result or exercise of effort; to bring to bear; to do or perform. When we will has exerted an act of command on any faculty of the soul or member of the body. South. To exert one's self, to use efforts or endeavors; to strive; to make an attempt.

EXERTION Ex*er"tion, n.

Defn: The act of exerting, or putting into motion or action; the active exercise of any power or faculty; an effort, esp. a laborious or perceptible effort; as, an exertion of strength or power; an exertion of the limbs or of the mind; it is an exertion for him to move, to-day.

Syn. -- Attempt; endeavor; effort; essay; trial. See Attempt.

EXERTIVE Ex*ert"ive, a.

Defn: Having power or a tendency to exert; using exertion.

EXERTMENT Ex*ert"ment, n.

Defn: Exertion. [R.]

EXESION Ex*e"sion, n. Etym: [L. exedere, exesum, to eat up; ex out + edere to eat.]

Defn: The act of eating out or through. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

EXESTUATE Ex*es"tu*ate, v. i. Etym: [L. exaestuatus,p.p. of exaestuare to boil up. See Estuate.]

Defn: To be agitated; to boil up; to effervesce. [Obs.]

EXESTUATION Ex*es`tu*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. exaestuatio.]

Defn: A boiling up; effervescence. [Obs.] Boyle.

EXEUNT Ex"e*unt. Etym: [L., 3d pers. pl. pres. of exire to go out.]

Defn: They go out, or retire from the scene; as, exeunt all except Hamlet. See 1st Exit.

EXFETATION Ex`fe*ta"tion, n Etym: [Pref. ex- + fetation.] (Med.)

Defn: Imperfect fetation in some organ exterior to the uterus; extra- uterine fetation. Hoblyn.

EXFOLIATE Ex*fo"li*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Exfoliated; p. pr. & vb. n. Exfoliating.] Etym: [L. exfoliare to strip of leaves; ex out, from + folium leaf.]

1. To separate and come off in scales or laminæ, as pieces of carious bone or of bark.

2. (Min.)

Defn: To split into scales, especially to become converted into scales at the result of heat or decomposition.

EXFOLIATE Ex*fo"li*ate v. t.

Defn: To remove scales, laminæ, or splinters from the surface of.

EXFOLIATION Ex*fo`li*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. exfoliation.]

Defn: The scaling off of a bone, a rock, or a mineral, etc.; the state of being exfoliated.

EXFOLIATIVE Ex*fo"li*a"tive, a. Etym: [Cf.F. exfoliatif.]

Defn: Having the power of causing exfoliation. -- n.

Defn: An exfoliative agent. Wiseman.

EXHALABLE Ex*hal"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being exhaled or evaporated. Boyle.

EXHALANT Ex*hal"ant, a. Etym: [Cf. F. exhalant.]

Defn: Having the quality of exhaling or evaporating.

EXHALATION Ex`ha*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. exhalatio: cf. F. exhalaison, exhalation.]

1. The act or process of exhaling, or sending forth in the form of steam or vapor; evaporation.

2. That which is exhaled, or which rises in the form of vapor, fume, or steam; effluvium; emanation; as, exhalations from the earth or flowers, decaying matter, etc. Ye mists and exhalations, that now rise From hill or steaming lake. Milton.

3. A bright phenomenon; a meteor. I shall fall Like a bright exhalation in the evening. Shak.

EXHALE Ex*hale", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exaled, p. pr. & vb. n.. Exaling.] Etym: [L. exhalare; ex out + halare to breathe; cf.F. exhaler. Cf. Inhale.]

1. To breathe out. Hence: To emit, as vapor; to send out, as an odor; to evaporate; as, the earth exhales vapor; marshes exhale noxious effluvia. Less fragrant scents the unfolding rose exhales. Pope.

2. To draw out; to cause to be emitted in vapor; as, the sum exhales the moisture of the earth.

EXHALE Ex*hale", v. i.

Defn: To rise or be given off, as vapor; to pass off, or vanish. Their inspiration exhaled in elegies. Prescott.

EXHALEMENT Ex*hale"ment, n.

Defn: Exhalation. [Obs.]

EXHALENCE Ex*hal"ence, n.

Defn: Exhalation. [R.]

EXHAUST Ex*haust", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exhausted; p. pr. & vb. n. Exhausting.] Etym: [L. exhaustus, p.p. of exhaurire; ex out + haurire, haustum, to draw, esp. water; perhaps akin to Icel. asua to sprinkle, pump.]

1. To draw or let out wholly; to drain off completely; as, to exhaust the water of a well; the moisture of the earth is exhausted by evaporation.

2. To empty by drawing or letting out the contents; as, to exhaust a well, or a treasury.

3. To drain, metaphorically; to use or expend wholly, or till the supply comes to an end; to deprive wholly of strength; to use up; to weary or tire out; to wear out; as, to exhaust one's strength, patience, or resources. A decrepit, exhausted old man at fifty-five. Motley.

4. To bring out or develop completely; to discuss thoroughly; as, to exhaust a subject.

5. (Chem.)

Defn: To subject to the action of various solvents in order to remove all soluble substances or extractives; as, to exhaust a drug successively with water, alcohol, and ether. Exhausted receiver. (Physics) See under Receiver.

Syn. -- To spend; consume; tire out; weary.

EXHAUST Ex*haust", a. Etym: [L. exhaustus, p.p.]

1. Drained; exhausted; having expended or lost its energy.

2. Pertaining to steam, air, gas, etc., that is released from the cylinder of an engine after having preformed its work. Exhaust draught, a forced draught produced by drawing air through a place, as through a furnace, instead of blowing it through. -- Exhaust fan, a fan blower so arranged as to produce an exhaust draught, or to draw air or gas out of a place, as out of a room in ventilating it. -- Exhaust nozzle, Exhaust orifice (Steam Engine), the blast orifice or nozzle. -- Exhaust pipe (Steam Engine), the pipe that conveys exhaust steam from the cylinder to the atmosphere or to the condenser. Exhaust port (Steam Engine), the opening, in the cylinder or valve, by which the exhaust steam escapes. -- Exhaust purifier (Milling), a machine for sorting grains, or purifying middlings by an exhaust draught. Knight. -- Exhaust steam (Steam Engine), steam which is allowed to escape from the cylinder after having been employed to produce motion of the piston. -- Exhaust valve (Steam Engine), a valve that lets exhaust steam escape out of a cylinder.

EXHAUST Ex*haust", n. (Steam Engine)

1. The steam let out of a cylinder after it has done its work there.

2. The foul air let out of a room through a register or pipe provided for the purpose.

EXHAUSTER Ex*haust"er n.

Defn: One who, or that which, exhausts or draws out.

EXHAUSTIBILITY Ex*haust`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capability of being exhausted. I was seriously tormented by the thought of the exhaustibility of musical combinations. J. S. Mill.

EXHAUSTIBLE Ex*haust"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being exhausted, drained off, or expended. Johnson.

EXHAUSTING Ex*haust"ing, a.

Defn: Producing exhaustion; as, exhausting labors. -- Ex*haust"ing, adv.

EXHAUSTION Ex*haus"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. exhaustion.]

1. The act of draining out or draining off; the act of emptying completely of the contents.

2. The state of being exhausted or emptied; the state of being deprived of strength or spirits.

3. (Math.)

Defn: An ancient geometrical method in which an exhaustive process was employed. It was nearly equivalent to the modern method of limits.

Note: The method of exhaustions was applied to great variety of propositions, pertaining to rectifications and quadratures, now investigated by the calculus.

EXHAUSTIVE Ex*haust"ive, a.

Defn: Serving or tending to exhaust; exhibiting all the facts or arguments; as, an exhaustive method. Ex*haust"ive*ly, adv.

EXHAUSTLESS Ex*haust"less, a.

Defn: Not be exhausted; inexhaustible; as, an exhaustless fund or store.

EXHAUSTMENT Ex*haust"ment, n.

Defn: Exhaustion; drain. [Obs.]

EXHAUSTURE Ex*haus"ture, n.

Defn: Exhaustion. Wraxall.

EXHEDRA Ex"he*dra, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Exedra.

EXHEREDATE Ex*her"e*date, v. t. Etym: [L., exheredatus, p.p. of exheredare to disinherit; ex out + heres, heredis, heir.]

Defn: To disinherit. [R.] Huloet.

EXHEREDATION Ex*her`e*da"tion, n. Etym: [L., exheredatio: cf. F. exhérédation.]

Defn: A disinheriting; disherisor. [R.]

EXHEREDITATION Ex`he*red`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [LL. exhereditare, exhereditatum, disinherit.]

Defn: A disinheriting; disherison. [R.] E. Waterhouse.

EXHIBIT Ex*hib"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exhibited; p. pr. & vb. n. Exhibiting.] Etym: [L. exhibitus, p. p. of exhibere to hold forth, to tender, exhibit; ex out + habere to have or hold. See Habit.]

1. To hold forth or present to view; to produce publicly, for inspection; to show, especially in order to attract notice to what is interesting; to display; as, to exhibit commodities in a warehouse, a picture in a gallery. Exhibiting a miserable example of the weakness of mind and body. Pope.

2. (Law)

Defn: To submit, as a document, to a court or officer, in course of proceedings; also, to present or offer officially or in legal form; to bring, as a charge. He suffered his attorney-general to exhibit a charge of high treason against the earl. Clarendon.

3. (Med.)

Defn: To administer as a remedy; as, to exhibit calomel. To exhibit a foundation or prize, to hold it forth or to tender it as a bounty to candidates. -- To exibit an essay, to declaim or otherwise present it in public. [Obs.]

EXHIBIT Ex*hib"it, n.

1. Any article, or collection of articles, displayed to view, as in an industrial exhibition; a display; as, this exhibit was marked A; the English exhibit.

2. (Law)

Defn: A document produced and identified in court for future use as evidence.

EXHIBITER Ex*hib"it*er, n. Etym: [Cf. Exhibitor.]

Defn: One who exhibits; one who presents a petition, charge or bill. Shak.

EXHIBITION Ex`hi*bi"tion, n. Etym: [L. exhibitio a delivering: cf. F. exhibition.]

1. The act of exhibiting for inspection, or of holding forth to view; manifestation; display.

2. That which is exhibited, held forth, or displayed; also, any public show; a display of works of art, or of feats of skill, or of oratorical or dramatic ability; as, an exhibition of animals; an exhibition of pictures, statues, etc.; an industrial exhibition.

3. Sustenance; maintenance; allowance, esp. for meat and drink; pension. Specifically: (Eng. Univ.) Private benefaction for the maintenance of scholars. What maintenance he from his friends receives, Like exhibition thou shalt have from me. Shak. I have given more exhibitions to scholars, in my days, than to the priests. Tyndale.

4. (Med.)

Defn: The act of administering a remedy.

EXHIBITIONER Ex`hi*bi"tion*er, n. (Eng. Univ.)

Defn: One who has a pension or allowance granted for support. A youth who had as an exhibitioner from Christ's Hospital. G. Eliot.

EXHIBITIVE Ex*hib"it*ive, a.

Defn: Serving for exhibition; representative; exhibitory. Norris. -- Ex*hib"it*ive*ly, adv.

EXHIBITOR Ex*hib"it*or, n. Etym: [Cf. L. exhibitor a giver.]

Defn: One who exhibits.

EXHIBITORY Ex*hib"it*o*ry, a. Etym: [L. exhibitorius relating to giving up: cf. F. exhibitoire exhibiting.]

Defn: Exhibiting; publicly showing. J. Warton.

EXHILARANT Ex*hil"a*rant, a. Etym: [L. exhilarans. -antis, p. pr. See Exhilarate.]

Defn: Exciting joy, mirth, or pleasure. -- n.

Defn: That which exhilarates.

EXHILARATE Ex*hil"a*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exhilarated; p. pr. & vb. n. Exilarating.] Etym: [L. exhilaratus, p.p. of exhilarare to gladden; ex out + hilarare to make merry, hilaris merry, cheerful. See Hilarious.]

Defn: To make merry or jolly; to enliven; to animate; to gladden greatly; to cheer; as, good news exhilarates the mind; wine exhilarates a man.

EXHILARATE Ex*hil"a*rate, v. i.

Defn: To become joyous. [R.] Bacon.

EXHILARATING Ex*hil"a*ra`ting, a.

Defn: That exhilarates; cheering; gladdening. -- Ex*hil"a*ra`ting*ly, adv.

EXHILARATION Ex*hil`a*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L., exhilaratio.]

1. The act of enlivening the spirits; the act of making glad or cheerful; a gladdening.

2. The state of being enlivened or cheerful. Exhilaration hath some affinity with joy, though it be a much lighter motion. Bacon.

Syn. -- Animation; joyousness; gladness; cheerfulness; gayety; hilarity; merriment; jollity.

EXHORT Ex*hort", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exhorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Exhorting.] Etym: [L. exhortari; ex out + hortari to incite, encourage; cf. F. exhorter. See Hortative.]

Defn: To incite by words or advice; to animate or urge by arguments, as to a good deed or laudable conduct; to address exhortation to; to urge strongly; hence, to advise, warn, or caution. Examples gross as earth exhort me. Shak. Let me exhort you to take care of yourself. J. D. Forbes.

EXHORT Ex*hort", v. i.

Defn: To deliver exhortation; to use words or arguments to incite to good deeds. With many other words did he testify and exhort. Acts ii. 40.

EXHORT Ex*hort", n.

Defn: Exhortation. [Obs.] Pope.

EXHORTATION Ex`hor*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. exhortatio: cf. F. exhortation.]

1. The act of practice of exhorting; the act of inciting to laudable deeds; incitement to that which is good or commendable.

2. Language intended to incite and encourage; advice; counsel; admonition. I'll end my exhortation after dinner. Shak.

EXHORTATIVE Ex*hor"ta*tive, a. Etym: [L. exhortativus: cf. F. exhortatif.]

Defn: Serving to exhort; exhortatory; hortative. Barrow.

EXHORTATORY Ex*hor"ta*to*ry a. Etym: [L. exhortatorius: cf. F. exhortatoire.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to exhortation; hortatory. Holinshed.

EXHORTER Ex*hort"er, n.

Defn: One who exhorts or incites.

EXHUMATED Ex*hu"ma*ted, a.

Defn: Disinterred. [Obs.]

EXHUMATION Ex`hu*ma"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. exhumatio, F. exhumation.]

Defn: The act of exhuming that which has been buried; as, the exhumation of a body.

EXHUME Ex*hume", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exhumed p. pr. & vb. n.. Exhuming.] Etym: [LL. exhumare; L. ex out + humus ground, soil: cf. F. exhumer. See Humble.]

Defn: To dig out of the ground; to take out of a place of burial; to disinter. Mantell.

EXICCATE Ex"ic*cate, v. t.

Defn: See Exsiccate. [Obs.] Holland.

EXICCATION Ex`ic*ca"tion, n.

Defn: See Exsiccation. [Obs.]

EXIGENCE Ex"i*gence, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Exigency. Hooker.

EXIGENCY Ex"i*gen*cy, n.;pl. Exigencies. Etym: [LL. exigentia: cf. F. exigence.]

Defn: The state of being exigent; urgent or exacting want; pressing necessity or distress; need; a case demanding immediate action, supply, or remedy; as, an unforeseen exigency. "The present exigency of his affairs." Ludlow.

Syn. -- Demand; urgency; distress; pressure; emergency; necessity; crisis.

EXIGENDARY Ex`i*gen"da*ry, n.

Defn: See Exigenter.

EXIGENT Ex`i*gent, a. Etym: [L. exigens, -entis, p. pr. of exigere to drive out or forth, require, exact. See Exact.]

Defn: Exacting or requiring immediate aid or action; pressing; critical. "At this exigent moment." Burke.

EXIGENT Ex"i*gent, n.

1. Exigency; pressing necessity; decisive moment. [Obs.] Why do you cross me in this exigent Shak.

2. (o. Eng. Law)

Defn: The name of a writ in proceedings before outlawry. Abbott.

EXIGENTER Ex"i*gent*er, n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: An officer in the Court of King's Bench and Common Pleas whose duty it was make out exigents. The office in now abolished. Cowell.

EXIGIBLE Ex"i*gi*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. exigible. See Exigent.]

Defn: That may be exacted; repairable. [R.] A. Smith.

EXIGUITY Ex`i*gu"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. exiguitas, fr. exiguus small: cf. F. exiguité.]

Defn: Scantiness; smallness; thinness. [R.] Boyle.

EXIGUOUS Ex*ig"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. exiguus.]

Defn: Scanty; small; slender; diminutive. [R.] "Exiguous resources." Carlyle. -- Ex*ig"uous*ness, n. [R.]

EXILE Ex"ile, n. Etym: [OE. exil, fr. L. exilium, exsilium, fr. exsuil one who quits, or is banished from, his native soil; ex out + solum ground, land, soil, or perh. fr.the root of salire to leap, spring; cf. F. exil. Cf. Sole of the foot, Saltation.]

1. Forced separation from one's native country; expulsion from one's home by the civil authority; banishment; sometimes, voluntary separation from one's native country. Let them be recalled from their exile. Shak.

2. The person expelled from his country by authority; also, one who separates himself from his home. Thou art in exile, and thou must not stay. Shak.

Syn. -- Banishment; proscription; expulsion.

EXILE Ex"ile v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Exiling.]

Defn: To banish or expel from one's own country or home; to drive away. "Exiled from eternal God." Tennyson. Calling home our exiled friends abroad. Shak.

Syn. -- See Banish.

EXILE Ex*ile", a. Etym: [L. exilis.]

Defn: Small; slender; thin; fine. [Obs.] "An exile sound." Bacon.

EXILEMENT Ex"ile*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. exilement.]

Defn: Banishment. [R.] Sir. H. Wotton.

EXILIC Ex*il"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to exile or banishment, esp. to that of the Jews in Babylon. Encyc. Dict.

EXILITION Ex`i*li"tion, n. Etym: [L. exsilire to spring from; ex out + salire to spring, leap.]

Defn: A sudden springing or leaping out. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

EXILITY Ex*il"ity, n. Etym: [L. exilitas: cf. F. exilité. See Exile, a.]

Defn: Smallness; meagerness; slenderness; fineness, thinness. [R.] Paley.

EXIMIOUS Ex*im"ious a. Etym: [L. eximius taken out, i. e. select, fr. eximere to take out. See Exempt.]

Defn: Select; choice; hence, extraordinary, excellent. [Obs.] The eximious and arcane science of physic. Fuller.

EXINANITE Ex*in"a*nite, v. t. Etym: [L. exinanitus, p. p. of exinanire; ex out (intens.) + inanire to make empty, inanis, empty.]

Defn: To make empty; to render of no effect; to humble. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

EXINANITION Ex*in`a*ni"tion

Defn: n. [L. exinanitio.] An emptying; an enfeebling; exhaustion; humiliation. [Obs.] Fastings to the exinanition of spirits. Jer. Taylor.

EXIST Ex*ist", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Existed; p. pr. & vb. n. Existing.] Etym: [L. existere, exsistere, to step out or forth, emerge, appear, exist; ex out + sistere to cause to stand, to set, put, place, stand still, fr. stare to stand: cf. F. exister. See Stand.]

1. To be as a fact and not as a mode; to have an actual or real being, whether material or spiritual. Who now, alas! no more is missed Than if he never did exist. Swift. To conceive the world . . . to have existed from eternity. South.

2. To be manifest in any manner; to continue to be; as, great evils existed in his reign.

3. To live; to have life or the functions of vitality; as, men can not exist water, nor fishes on land.

Syn. -- See Be.

EXISTENCE Ex*ist"ence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. existence.]

1. The state of existing or being; actual possession of being; continuance in being; as, the existence of body and of soul in union; the separate existence of the soul; immortal existence. The main object of our existence. Lubbock.

2. Continued or repeated manifestation; occurrence, as of events of any kind; as, the existence of a calamity or of a state of war. The existence therefore, of a phenomenon, is but another word for its being perceived, or for the inferred possibility of perceiving it. J. S. Mill.

3. That which exists; a being; a creature; an entity; as, living existences.

EXISTENCY Ex*ist"en*cy, n.

Defn: Existence. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

EXISTENT Ex*ist"ent, a. Etym: [L. existens, -entis, p. pr. of existere. See Exist.]

Defn: Having being or existence; existing; being; occurring now; taking place. The eyes and mind are fastened on objects which have no real being, as if they were truly existent. Dryden.

EXISTENTIAL Ex`is*ten"tial, a.

Defn: Having existence. [Archaic] Bp. Barlow. --Ex`is*ten"tial*ly, adv. [Archaic] Existentially as well as essentially intelligent. Colerige.

EXISTER Ex*ist"er, n.

Defn: One who exists.

EXISTIBLE Ex*ist"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of existence. Grew.

EXISTIMATION Ex*is`ti*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. existimatio judgment, opinion, fr. existimare to estimate. See Estimate.]

Defn: Esteem; opinion; reputation. [Obs.] Steele.

EXIT Ex"it. Etym: [L., 3d pers. sing. pres. of exire to go out. See Exeunt, Issue.]

Defn: He (or she ) goes out, or retires from view; as, exit Macbeth.

Note: The Latin words exit (he or she goes out), and exeunt ( they go out), are used in dramatic writings to indicate the time of withdrawal from the stage of one or more of the actors.

EXIT Ex"it, n. Etym: [See 1st Exit.]

1. The departure of a player from the stage, when he has performed his part. They have their exits and their entrances. Shak.

2. Any departure; the act of quitting the stage of action or of life; death; as, to make one's exit. Sighs for his exit, vulgarly called death. Cowper.

3. A way of departure; passage out of a place; egress; way out. Forcing he water forth thought its ordinary exists. Woodward.

EXITIAL; EXITIOUS Ex*i"tial, Ex*i"tious, a. Etym: [L. exitialis, exitious, fr. exitium a going out, a going to naught, i. e., ruin, fr.exire to go out: cf. F. exitial.]

Defn: Destructive; fatal. [Obs.] "Exitial fevers." Harvey.

EX LIBRIS Ex` li"bris. [L. ex from + libris books.]

Defn: An inscription, label, or the like, in a book indicating its ownership; esp., a bookplate.

EXMOOR Ex"moor, n. [From Exmoor, a district in Somersetshire and Devonshire.]

1. One of a breed of horned sheep of Devonshire, England, having white legs and face and black nostrils. They are esp. valuable for mutton.

2. A breed of ponies native to the Exmoor district.

EXO; EXO- Ex"o. Etym: [Gr. Ex-.]

Defn: A prefix signifying out of, outside; as in exocarp, exogen, exoskeleton.

EXOCARDIAC; EXOCARDIAL Ex`o*car"di*ac, Ex`o*car"di*al, a. Etym: [Exo- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated or arising outside of the heat; as, exocardial murmurs; -- opposed to endocardiac.

EXOCARP Ex"o*carp, n. Etym: [Exo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The outer portion of a fruit, as the flesh of a peach or the rind of an orange. See Illust. of Drupe.

EXOCCIPITAL Ex`oc*cip"i*tal, a. Etym: [Pref. ex- + occipital.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to a bone or region on each side of the great foremen of the skull. -- n.

Defn: The exoccipital bone, which often forms a part of the occipital in the adult, but is usually distinct in the young.

EXOCETUS; EXOCOETUS Ex`o*ce"tus ( or ), Ex`ocoe"tus, n. Etym: [NL. exocetus, L. exocoetus a fish that sleeps on the shore, Gr. (Zoöl)

Defn: A genus of fishes, including the common flying fishes. See Flying fish.

EXOCULATE Ex*oc"u*late, v. t. Etym: [L. exoculatus, p. p. of exoculare to exoculate; ex out + oculus an eye.]

Defn: To deprive of eyes. [R.] W. C. Hazlitt.

EXODE Ex"ode n. Etym: [L. exodium, Gr. exode. See Exodus.]

1. Departure; exodus; esp., the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt. [Obs.] L. Coleman. Bolingbroke.

2. (Gr. Drama)

Defn: The final chorus; the catastrophe.

3. (Rom. Antig.)

Defn: An afterpiece of a comic description, either a farce or a travesty.

EXODIC Ex*od"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Exodus.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Conducting influences from the spinal cord outward; -- said of the motor or efferent nerves. Opposed to esodic.

EXODIUM Ex*o"di*um, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Exode.

EXODUS Ex"o*dus, n. Etym: [L., the book of Exodus, Gr. Skr. a-sad to approach.]

1. A going out; particularly (the Exodus), the going out or journey of the Israelites from Egypt under the conduct of Moses; and hence, any large migration from a place.

2. The second of the Old Testament, which contains the narrative of the departure of the Israelites from Egypt.

EXODY Ex"o*dy, n.

Defn: Exodus; withdrawal. [Obs.] The time of the Jewish exody. Sir M. Hale.

EX-OFFICIAL Ex`-of*fi"cial, a.

Defn: Proceeding from office or authority.

EX OFFICIO Ex` of*fi"ci*o; pl. Ex officiis. Etym: [L.]

Defn: From office; by virtue, or as a consequence, of an office; officially.

EXOGAMOUS Ex*og"a*mous, a. Etym: [Exo- + Gr.

Defn: Relating to exogamy; marrying outside of the limits of one's own tribe; -- opposed to endogenous.

EXOGAMY Ex*og"a*my, n.

Defn: The custom, or tribal law, which prohibits marriage between members of the same tribe; marriage outside of the tribe; -- opposed to endogamy. Lubbock.

EXOGEN Ex"o*gen, n. Etym: [Exo- + -gen: cf. F. exogène.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant belonging to one of the greater part of the vegetable kingdom, and which the plants are characterized by having c wood bark, and pith, the wood forming a layer between the other two, and increasing, if at all, by the animal addition of a new layer to the outside next to the bark. The leaves are commonly netted-veined, and the number of cotyledons is two, or, very rarely, several in a whorl. Cf. Endogen. Gray.

EXOGENETIC Ex`o*ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Arising or growing from without; exogenous.

EXOGENOUS Ex*og"e*nous, a.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or having the character of, an exogen; -- the opposite of endogenous.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Growing by addition to the exterior.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: Growing from previously ossified parts; -- opposed to autogenous. Owen. Exogenous aneurism (Med.), an aneurism which is produced by causes acting from without, as from injury.

EXOGYRA Ex`o*gy"ra n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of Cretaceous fossil shells allied to oysters.

EXOLETE Ex"o*lete, a. Etym: [L. exoletus, p. p. of exolescere to grow out, grow out of use; ex out + olescere to grow.]

Defn: Obsolete; out of use; state; insipid. [Obs.]

EXOLUTION Ex`o*lu"tion, n. Etym: [L. exolutio a release. See Exolve.]

Defn: See Exsolution. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

EXOLVE Ex*olve", v. t. Etym: [L. exolvere, exsolutum; ex out + solvere.]

Defn: To loose; to pay. [Obs.]

EXON Ex"on, n. Etym: [NL., from E. Exe (Celt. uisge water) the name of a river.]

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Exeter, in England.

EXON Ex"on, n. Etym: [F. expect an under officer.]

Defn: An officer of the Yeomen of the Guard; an Exempt. [Eng.]

EXONERATE Ex*on"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exonerated; p. pr. & vb. n. Exonerating.] Etym: [L. exoneratus, p. p. of exonerare to free from a burden; ex out, from onerare to load, onus load. See Onerous.]

1. To unload; to disburden; to discharge. [Obs.] All exonerate themselves into one common duct. Ray.

2. To relieve, in a moral sense, as of a charge, obligation, or load of blame resting on one; to clear of something that lies upon oppresses one, as an accusation or imputation; as, to exonerate one's self from blame, or from the charge of avarice. Burke.

3. To discharge from duty or obligation, as a ball.

Syn. - To absolve; acquit; exculpate. See Absolve.

EXONERATION Ex*on`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. exoneratio: cf. F. Exonération.]

Defn: The act of disburdening, discharging, or freeing morally from a charge or imputation; also, the state of being disburdened or freed from a charge.

EXONERATIVE Ex*on"er*a*tive, a.

Defn: Freeing from a burden or obligation; tending to exonerate.

EXONERATOR Ex*on"er*a`tor, n. Etym: [L., an unloader.]

Defn: One who exonerates or frees from obligation.

EXOPHTHALMIA Ex`oph*thal"mi*a, n. Etym: [Nl.,fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The protrusion of the eyeball so that the eyelids will not cover it, in consequence of disease.

EXOPHTHALMIC Ex`oph*thal"mic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or characterized by, exophthalmia. Exophthalmic golter. Same as Rasedow's disease.

EXOPHTHALMOS; EXOPHTHALMUS Ex`oph*thal"mos, Ex`oph*thal"mus (, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: Same as Exophthalmia.

EXOPHTHALMY Ex`oph*thal"my, n. (Med.)

Defn: Exophthalmia.

EXOPHYLLOUS Ex*oph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Exo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Not sheathed in another leaf.

EXOPLASM Ex"o*plasm, n. Etym: [Exo- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: See Ectosarc, and Ectoplasm.

EXOPODITE Ex*op"o*dite, n. Etym: [Exo- + Gr. (Zoöl)

Defn: The external branch of the appendages of Crustacea.

EXOPTABLE Ex*op"ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. exoptabilis.]

Defn: Very desirable. [Obs.] Bailey.

EXOPTILE Ex*op"tile, n. Etym: [F., fr.Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given by Lestiboudois to dicotyledons; -- so called because the plumule is naked.

EXORABLE Ex"o*ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. exorabilis: cf. F. exorable. See Exorate.]

Defn: Capable of being moved by entreaty; pitiful; tender. Milton.

EXORATE Ex"o*rate, v. t. Etym: [L. exoratus, p. p. of exorare to gain by entreaty; ex out, from + orare to pay.]

Defn: To persuade, or to gain, by entreaty. [Obs.] Cockeram.

EXORATION Ex`o*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. exoratio.]

Defn: Entreaty. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

EXORBITANCE; EXORBITANCY Ex*or"bi*tance, Ex*or"bi*tan*cy,, n.

Defn: A going out of or beyond the usual or due limit; hence, enormity; extravagance; gross deviation from rule, right, or propriety; as, the exorbitances of the tongue or of deportment; exorbitance of demands. "a curb to your exorbitancies." Dryden. The lamentable exorbitances of their superstitions. Bp. Hall.

EXORBITANT Ex*or"bi*tant, a. Etym: [L. exorbitans, -antis, p. pr. of exorbitare to go out of the track; ex out + orbita track: cf. F. exorbitant. See Orbit.]

1. Departing from an orbit or usual track; hence, deviating from the usual or due course; going beyond the appointed rules or established limits of right or propriety; excessive; extravagant; enormous; inordinate; as, exorbitant appetites and passions; exorbitant charges, demands, or claims. Foul exorbitant desires. Milton.

2. Not comprehended in a settled rule or method; anomalous. The Jews . . . [were] inured with causes exorbitant, and such as their laws had not provided for. Hooker.

EXORBITANTLY Ex*or"bi*tant*ly, adv.

Defn: In an exorbitant, excessive, or irregular manner; enormously.

EXORBITATE Ex*or"bi*tate, v. i. Etym: [L.exorbitatus, p.p. of exorbitare. See Exorbitant.]

Defn: To go out of the track; to deviate. [Obs.] Bentley.

EXORCISE Ex"or*cise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exorcised ; p. pr. & vb. n. Exorcising .] Etym: [L. exorcizare, Gr. exorciser.]

1. To cast out, as a devil, evil spirits, etc., by conjuration or summoning by a holy name, or by certain ceremonies; to expel (a demon) or to conjure (a demon) to depart out of a person possessed by one. He impudently excorciseth devils in the church. Prynne.

2. To deliver or purify from the influence of an evil spirit or demon. Exorcise the beds and cross the walls. Dryden. Mr. Spectator . . . do all you can to exorcise crowds who are . . . processed as I am. Spectator.

EXORCISER Ex"or*ci`ser, n.

Defn: An exorcist.

EXORCISM Ex"or*cism, n. Etym: [L. exorcismus, Gr. ; cf. F. exorcisme.]

1. The act of exorcising; the driving out of evil spirits from persons or places by conjuration; also, the form of conjuration used.

2. Conjuration for raising spirits. [R.] Shak.

EXORCIST Ex"or*cist, n. Etym: [L. exorcista, Gr. exorciste.]

1. One who expels evil spirits by conjuration or exorcism. Certain of the vagabond Jews, exorcists. Acts xix. 13.

2. A conjurer who can raise spirits. [R.] Thou, like an exorcist, hast conjured up My mortified spirit. Shak.

EXORDIAL Ex*or"di*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the exordium of a discourse: introductory. The exordial paragraph of the second epistle. I. Taylor.

EXORDIUM Ex*or"di*um, n.; pl. E. Exordiums, L. Exordia . Etym: [L. fr. exordiri to begin a web, lay a warp, begin; ex out + ordiri to begin a web, begin; akin to E. order. See Order.]

Defn: A beginning; an introduction; especially, the introductory part of a discourse or written composition, which prepares the audience for the main subject; the opening part of an oration. "The exordium of repentance." Jer. Taylor. "Long prefaces and exordiums. " Addison.

EXORHIZA Ex`o*rhi"za, n.; pl. Exorhize. Etym: [NL. fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant Whose radicle is not inclosed or sheathed by the cotyledons or plumule. Gray.

EXORHIZAL; EXORHIZOUS Ex`o*rhi"zal, Ex`o*rhi`zous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a radicle which is not inclosed by the cotyledons or plumule; of or relating to an exorhiza.

EXORNATION Ex`or*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. exornatio, fr. exornare. See Ornate.]

Defn: Ornament; decoration; embellishment. [Obs.] Hyperbolical exornations . . . many much affect. Burton.

EXORTIVE Ex*or`tive, a. Etym: [L. exortivus, fr. exortus a coming forth, rising; ex out + orivi to rise, come forth.]

Defn: Rising; relating to the east. [R.]

EXOSCULATE Ex*os"cu*late, v. t. Etym: [L. exosculatus, p. p. of exosculari to kiss. See Osculate.]

Defn: To kiss; especially, to kiss repeatedly or fondly. [Obs.]

EXOSKELETAL Ex`o*skel"e*tal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the exoskeleton; as exoskeletal muscles.

EXOSKELETON Ex`o*skel"e*ton, n. Etym: [Exo- + skeleton] (Anat.)

Defn: The hardened parts of the external integument of an animal, including hair, feathers, nails, horns, scales, etc.,as well as the armor of armadillos and many reptiles, and the shells or hardened integument of numerous invertebrates; external skeleton; dermoskeleton.

EXOSMOSE Ex"os*mose`, n. Etym: [Exo+osmose: cf. F. ezosmose.] (Physics)

Defn: The passage of gases, vapors, or liquids thought membranes or porous media from within outward, in the phenomena of osmose; -- opposed to endosmose. See Osmose.

EXOSMOSIS Ex`os*mo"sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Exo-, and Osmose.] (Physics)

Defn: See Exosmose.

EXOSMOTIC Ex`os*mot`ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to exosmose.

EXOSPORE Ex`o*spore, n. Etym: [Exo+spote.] (Biol.)

Defn: The extreme outer wall of a spore; the epispore.

EXOSSATE Ex*os"sate, v. t. Etym: [L. exossatus, p. p. of exossare to bone , fr. exos without bones; ex out + os, ossis, bone.]

Defn: To deprive of bones; to take out the bones of; to bone. [Obs.] Bailey.

EXOSSATION Ex`os*sa"tion, n.

Defn: A depriving of bone or of fruit stones. [Obs.] Bacon.

EXOSSEOUS Ex*os"seous, a. Etym: [Ex + osseous.]

Defn: Boneless. "Exosseous animals. " Sir T. Browne.

EXOSTOME Ex"o*stome, n. Etym: [Exo- + Gr. exostome.] (Bot.)

Defn: The small aperture or foremen in the outer coat of the ovule of a plant.

EXOSTOSIS Ex`os*to"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. exostose.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Any protuberance of a bone which is not natural; an excrescence or morbid enlargement of a bone. Coxe.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A knot formed upon or in the wood of trees by disease.

EXOTERIC; EXOTERICAL Ex`o*ter"ic, Ex`o*ter"ic*al a. Etym: [L. exotericus, Gr. exotérique. See Ex-]

Defn: External; public; suitable to be imparted to the public; hence, capable of being readily or fully comprehended; -- opposed to esoteric, or secret. The foppery of an exoteric and esoteric doctrine. De Quincey.

EXOTERICS Ex`o*ter`ics, n. pl. (Philos.)

Defn: The public lectures or published writings of Aristotle. See Esoterics.

EXOTERY Ex"o*ter*y, n.; pl. Exoteries (-.

Defn: That which is obvious, public, or common. Dealing out exoteries only to the vulgar. A. Tucker.

EXOTHECA Ex`o*the"ca, n. Etym: [Nl., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The tissue which fills the interspaces between the costæ of many madreporarian corals, usually consisting of small transverse or oblique septa.

EXOTHECIUM Ex`o*the"cium, n. Etym: [NL. See Exotheca.] (Bot.)

Defn: The outer coat of the anther.

EXOTHERMIC Ex`o*ther"mic, a. [Pref. exo-+ thermic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Characterized by, or formed with, evolution of heat; as, an exothermic reaction; -- opposed to endothermic.

EXOTIC Ex*ot"ic, a. Etym: [L. exoticus, Gr. exotique. See Exoteric.]

Defn: Introduced from a foreign country; not native; extraneous; foreign; as, an exotic plant; an exotic term or word. Nothing was so splendid and exotic as the ambassador. Evelyn.

EXOTIC Ex*ot"ic, n.

Defn: Anything of foreign origin; something not of native growth, as a plant, a word, a custom. Plants that are unknown to Italy, and such as the gardeners call exotics. Addison.

EXOTICAL Ex*ot"ic*al, a.

Defn: Foreign; not native; exotic. [R.] -- Ex*ot"ic*al*ness, n.

EXOTICISM Ex*ot"i*cism, n.

Defn: The state of being exotic; also, anything foreign, as a word or idiom; an exotic.

EXPAND Ex*pand", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Expanding.] Etym: [L. expandere, expansum; ex out + pandere to spread out, to throw open; perh. akin to E. patent. Cf. Spawn.]

1. To lay open by extending; to open wide; to spread out; to diffuse; as, a flower expands its leaves. Then with expanded wings he steers his flight. Milton.

2. To cause the particles or parts of to spread themselves or stand apart, thus increasing bulk without addition of substance; to make to occupy more space; to dilate; to distend; to extend every way; to enlarge; -- opposed to Ant: contract; as, to expand the chest; heat expands all bodies; to expand the sphere of benevolence.

3. (Math.)

Defn: To state in enlarged form; to develop; as, to expand an equation. See Expansion, 5.

EXPAND Ex*pand", v. i.

Defn: To become widely opened, spread apart, dilated, distended, or enlarged; as, flowers expand in the spring; metals expand by heat; the heart expands with joy. Dryden.

EXPANDER Ex*pand"er, n.

Defn: Anything which causes expansion esp. (Mech.) a tool for stretching open or expanding a tube, etc.

EXPANDING Ex*pand"ing, a.

Defn: That expands, or may be expanded; extending; spreading; enlarging. Expanding bit, Expanding drill (Mech.), a bit or drill made adjustable for holes of various sizes; one which can be expanded in diameter while boring. -- Expanding pulley (Mach.), a pulley so made, as in sections, that its diameter can be increased or diminished.

EXPANSE Ex*panse", n. Etym: [From L. expansus, p. p. of expandere. See Expand.]

Defn: That which is expanded or spread out; a wide extent of space or body; especially, the arch of the sky. "The green expanse." Savage. Lights . . . high in the expanse of heaven. Milton. The smooth expanse of crystal lakes. Pope.

EXPANSE Ex*panse", v. t.

Defn: To expand. [Obs.] That lies expansed unto the eyes of all. Sir. T. Browne.

EXPANSIBILITY Ex*pan`si*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The capacity of being expanded; as, the expansibility of air.

EXPANSIBLE Ex*pan"si*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. expansible.]

Defn: Capable of being expanded or spread out widely. Bodies are not expansible in proposition to their weight. Ex*pab"si*ble*ness ,n. -Ex*pan"si*bly ,adv.

EXPANSILE Ex*pan"sile, a.

Defn: Expansible. Ether and alcohol are more expansile than water. Brande & C.

EXPANSION Ex*pan"sion, n. Etym: [L. expansio: cf. F. expansion.]

1. The act of expanding or spreading out; the condition of being expanded; dilation; enlargement.

2. That which is expanded; expanse; extend surface; as the expansion of a sheet or of a lake; the expansion was formed of metal. The starred expansion of the skies. Beattie.

3. Space thought which anything is expanded; also, pure space. Lost in expansion, void and infinite. Blackmore.

4. (Com.)

Defn: Enlargement or extension of business transaction; esp., increase of the circulation of bank notes.

5. (Math.)

Defn: The developed result of an indicated operation; as, the expansion of (a + b)2 is a2 + 2ab + b2.

6. (Steam Ebgine)

Defn: The operation of steam in a cylinder after its communication with the boiler has been cut off, by which it continues to exert pressure upon the moving piston.

7. (Nav. Arch.)

Defn: The enlargement of the ship mathematically from a model or drawing to the full or building size, in the process of construction. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Note: Expansion is also used adjectively, as in expansion joint, expansion gear, etc. Expansion curve, a curve the coördinates of which show the relation between the pressure and volume of expanding gas or vapor; esp. (Steam engine), that part of an indicator diagram which shows the declining pressure of the steam as it expands in the cylinder. -- Expansion gear (Stream Engine). a cut-off gear. See Illust. of Link motion. -- Automatic expansion gear or cut-off, one that is regulated by the governor, and varies the supply of steam to the engine with the demand for power. -- Fixed expansion gear, or Fixed cut-off, one that always operates at the same fixed point of the stroke. -- Expansion joint, or Expansion coupling (Mech. & Engin.), a yielding joint or coupling for so uniting parts of a machine or structure that expansion, as by heat, is prevented from causing injurious strains; as by heat, is prevented from causing injurious strains; as: (a) A side or set of rollers, at the end of bridge truss, to support it but allow end play. (b) A telescopic joint in a steam pipe, to permit one part of the pipe to slide within the other. (c) A clamp for holding a locomotive frame to the boiler while allowing lengthwise motion. -- Expansion valve (Steam Engine), a cut-off valve, to shut off steam from the cylinder before the end of each stroke.

EXPANSIVE Ex*pan"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. expansif.]

Defn: Having a capacity or tendency to expand or dilate; diffusive; of much expanse; wide-extending; as, the expansive force of heat; the expansive quality of air. A more expansive and generous compassion. Eustace. His forehead was broad and expansive. Prescott. -- Ex*pan"sive*ly, adv. -Ex*pan"sive*ness, n.

EXPANSURE Ex*pan"sure (shur; 135), n.

Defn: Expanse. [Obs.] "Night's rich expansure."

EX PARTE Ex` par"te. Etym: [L. See Ex-, and Part.]

Defn: Upon or from one side only; one-sided; partial; as, an ex parte statement. Ex parte application, one made without notice or opportunity to oppose. -- Ex parte council, one that assembles at the request of only one of the parties in dispute. -- Ex parte hearing or evidence (Law), that which is had or taken by one side or party in the absence of the other. Hearings before grand juries, and affidavits, are ex parte. Wharton's Law Dict. Burrill.

EXPATIATE Ex*pa"ti*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Expatiated;p. pr. & vb. n. Expariating.] Etym: [L. expatiatus, exspatiatus, p. p. of expatiari, exspatiari, to expatiate; ex out + spatiari to walk about spread out, fr. spatium space. See Space.]

1. To range at large, or without restraint. Bids his free soul expatiate in the skies. Pope.

2. To enlarge in discourse or writing; to be copious in argument or discussion; to descant. He expatiated on the inconveniences of trade. Addison.

EXPATIATE Ex*pa"ti*ate, v. t.

Defn: To expand; to spread; to extend; to diffuse; to broaden. Afford art an ample field in which to expatiate itself. Dryden.

EXPATIATION Ex*pa`ti*a"tion, n.

Defn: Act of expatiating.

EXPATIATORY Ex*pa"ti*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Expansive; diffusive. [R.]

EXPATRIATE Ex*pa"tri*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expatriated; p. pr. & vb. n. Expatriating.] Etym: [LL. expatriatus, p. p. of expatriare; L. ex out + patria fatherland, native land, fr. pater father. See Patriot.]

1. To banish; to drive or force (a person) from his own country; to make an exile of. The expatriated landed interest of France. Burke.

2. Reflexively, as To expatriate one's self: To withdraw from one's native country; to renounce the rights and liabilities of citizenship where one is born, and become a citizen of another country.

EXPATRIATION Ex*pa`tri*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. expatriation.]

Defn: The act of banishing, or the state of banishment; especially, the forsaking of one's own country with a renunciation of allegiance. Expatriation was a heavy ransom to pay for the rights of their minds and souls. Palfrey.

EXPECT Ex*pect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expected; p. pr. & vb. n. Expecting.] Etym: [L. expectatum, to look out for, await, expect; ex + out spectare to look at. See Spectacle.]

1. To wait for; to await. [Obs.] Let's in, and there expect their coming. Shak.

2. To look for (mentally); to look forward to, as to something that is believed to be about to happen or come; to have a previous apprehension of, whether of good or evil; to look for with some confidence; to anticipate; -- often followed by an infinitive, sometimes by a clause (with, or without, that); as I expect to receive wages; I expect that the troops will be defeated. "Good: I will expect you." Shak. "Expecting thy reply." Shak. The Somersetshire or yellow regiment . . . was expected to arrive on the following day. Macaulay.

Syn. -- To anticipate; look for; await; hope. -- To Expect, Think, Believe, Await. Expect is a mental act and has aways a reference to the future, to some coming event; as a person expects to die, or he expects to survive. Think and believe have reference to the past and present, as well as to the future; as I think the mail has arrived; I believe he came home yesterday, that he is he is at home now. There is a not uncommon use of expect, which is a confusion of the two; as, I expect the mail has arrived; I expect he is at home. This misuse should be avoided. Await is a physical or moral act. We await that which, when it comes, will affect us personally. We expect what may, or may not, interest us personally. See Anticipate.

EXPECT Ex*pect", v. t.

Defn: To wait; to stay. [Obs.] Sandys.

EXPECT Ex*pect", n.

Defn: Expectation. [Obs.] Shak.

EXPECTABLE Ex*pect"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. expectabilis.]

Defn: That may be expected or looked for. Sir T. Browne.

EXPECTANCE; EXPECTANCY Ex*pect"ance, Ex*pect"an*cy, n.

1. The act of expecting ; expectation. Milton.

2. That which is expected, or looked or waited for with interest; the object of expectation or hope. The expectancy and rose of the fair state. Shak. Estate in expectancy (Law), one the possession of which a person is entitled to have at some future time, either as a remainder or reversion, or on the death of some one. Burrill.

EXPECTANT Ex*pect"ant, a. Etym: [L.expectans, exspectans, p.pr. of expectare, exspectare: cf. F. expectant.]

Defn: Waiting in expectation; looking for; (Med.)

Defn: waiting for the efforts of nature, with little active treatment. Expectant estate (Law), an estate in expectancy. See under Expectancy.

EXPECTANT Ex*pect"ant, n.

Defn: One who waits in expectation; one held in dependence by hope of receiving some good. An expectant of future glory. South. Those who had employments, or were expectants. Swift.

EXPECTATION Ex`pec*ta"tion n. Etym: [L. expectio. exspectio: cf. F. expectation.]

1. The act or state of expecting or looking forward to an event as about to happen. "In expectation of a guest." Tennyson. My soul, wait thou only upon God, for my expectation is from him. Ps. lxii. 5.

2. That which is expected or looked for. Why our great expectation should be called The seed of woman. Milton.

3. The prospect of the future; grounds upon which something excellent is expected to happen; prospect of anything good to come, esp. of c or rank. His magnificent expiations made him, in the opinion of the world, the best much in Europe. Prescott. By all men's eyes a youth of expectations. Otway.

4. The value of any chance (as the prospect of prize or property) which depends upon some contingent event. Expectations are computed for or against the occurrence of the event.

5. (Med.)

Defn: The leaving of the disease principally to the efforts of nature to effect a cure. Expectation of life, the mean or average duration of the life individuals after any specified age.

Syn. -- Anticipation; confidence; trust.

EXPECTATIVE Ex*pect"a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. expectatif.]

Defn: Constituting an object of expectation; contingent. Expectative grace, a mandate given by the pope or a prince appointing a successor to any benefice before it becomes vacant. Foxe.

EXPECTATIVE Ex*pect"a*tive, n. Etym: [F. expectative, fr. expectatif expectant.]

Defn: Something in expectation; esp., an expectative grace. Milman.

EXPECTEDLY Ex*pect"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In conformity with expectation. [R.] Walpole.

EXPECTER Ex*pect"er, n.

Defn: One who expects.

EXPECTINGLY Ex*pect"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In state of expectation.

EXPECTIVE Ex*pect"ive, a.

Defn: Expectative. [R.] Shipley.

EXPECTORANT Ex*pec"to*rant, a. Etym: [L. expectorans, p. pr. of expectorare to drive from the breast: cf. F. expectorant.] (Med.)

Defn: Tending to facilitate expectoration or to promote discharges of mucus, etc., from the lungs or throat. -- n.

Defn: An expectorant medicine.

EXPECTORATE Ex*pec"to*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expectorated; p. pr. & vb. n. Expectorating.] Etym: [L. expecrorare to drive from the breast; ex out + pectus, pectiris, breast. See Pectoral.]

Defn: To eject from the trachea or lungs; to discharge, as phlegm or other matter, by coughing, hawking, and spitting; to spit forth.

EXPECTORATE Ex*pec"to*rate, v. i.

Defn: To discharge matter from the lungs or throat bu hawking and spitting; to spit.

EXPECTORATION Ex*pec`to*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. expectoration.]

1. The act of ejecting phlegm or mucus from the throat or lungs, by coughing, hawking, and spitting.

2. That which is expectorated, as phlegm or mucus.

EXPECTORATIVE Ex*pec"to*ra*tive, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Expectorant. Harvey.

EXPEDE Ex*pede" v. t.

Defn: To expedite; to hasten. [Obs.]

EXPEDIATE Ex*pe"di*ate, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. expédier. See Expedite.]

Defn: To hasten; to expedite. [Obs.] "To expediate their business." Sir E. Sandys.

EXPEDIENCE; EXPEDIENCY Ex*pe"di*ence, Ex*pe"di*en*cy,, n.

1. The quality of being expedient or advantageous; fitness or suitableness to effect a purpose intended; adaptedness to self- interest; desirableness; advantage; advisability; -- sometimes contradistinguished from moral rectitude. Divine wisdom discovers no expediency in vice. Cogan. To determine concerning the expedience of action. Sharp. Much declamation may be heard in the present day against expediency, as if it were not the proper object of a deliberative assembly, and as if it were only pursued by the unprincipled. Whately.

2. Expedition; haste; dispatch. [Obs.] Making hither with all due expedience. Shak.

3. An expedition; enterprise; adventure. [Obs.] Forwarding this dear expedience. Shak.

EXPEDIENT Ex*pe"di*ent a. Etym: [L. expediens, -entis, p. pr. of expedire to be expedient, release, extricate: cf. F. expédient. See Expedite.]

1. Hastening or forward; hence, tending to further or promote a proposed object; fit or proper under the circumstances; conducive to self-interest; desirable; advisable; advantageous; -- sometimes contradistinguished from right. It is expedient for you that I go away. John xvi. 7. Nothing but the right can ever be expedient, since that can never be true expediency which would sacrifice a greater good to a less. Whately.

2. Quick; expeditious. [Obs.] His marches are expedient to this town. Shak.

EXPEDIENT Ex*pe"di*ent, n.

1. That which serves to promote or advance; suitable means to accomplish an end. What sure expedient than shall Juno find, To calm her fears and ease her boding mind Philips.

2. Means devised in an exigency; shift.

Syn. -- Shift; contrivance; resource; substitute.

EXPEDIENTIAL Ex*pe`di*en"tial

Defn: . Governed by expediency; seeking advantage; as an expediential policy. "Calculating, expediential understanding." Hare. -- Ex*pe`di*en"tial*ly , adv.

EXPEDIENTLY Ex*pe"di*ent*ly adv.

1. In an expedient manner; fitly; suitably; conveniently.

2. With expedition; quickly. [Obs.]

EXPEDIMENT Ex*ped"i*ment n.

Defn: An expedient. [Obs.] A like expediment to remove discontent. Barrow.

EXPEDITATE Ex*ped"i*tate, v. t. Etym: [LL. expeditatus, p. p. of expeditare to expeditate; ex out + pes, pedis, foot.] (Eng. Forest Laws)

Defn: To deprive of the claws or the balls of the fore feet; as, to expeditate a dog that he may not chase deer.

EXPEDITE Ex"pe*dite, a. Etym: [L. expeditus, p. p. of expedire to free one caught by the foot, to extricate, set free, bring forward, make ready; ex out + pes, prdis, t. See Foot.]

1. Free of impediment; unimpeded. To make the way plain and expedite. Hooker.

2. Expeditious; quick; speedily; prompt. Nimble and expedite . . . in its operation. Tollotson. Speech is a very short and expedite way of conveying their thoughts. Locke.

EXPEDITE Ex"pe*dite, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expedited;p. pr. & vb. n. Expediting.]

1. To relieve of impediments; to facilitate; to accelerate the process or progress of; to hasten; to quicken; as, to expedite the growth of plants. To expedite your glorious march. Milton.

2. To despatch; to send forth; to issue officially. Such charters be expedited of course. Bacon.

EXPEDITELY Ex"pe*dite`ly, adv.

Defn: In expedite manner; expeditiously.

EXPEDITENESS Ex"pe*dite`ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being expedite.

EXPEDITION Ex`pe*di"tion, n. Etym: [L. expeditio: cf.F. expédition.]

1. The quality of being expedite; efficient promptness; haste; dispatch; speed; quickness; as to carry the mail with expedition. With winged expedition Swift as the lightning glance.

2. A sending forth or setting forth the execution of some object of consequence; progress. Putting it straight in expedition.

3. An important enterprise, implying a change of place; especially, a warlike enterprise; a march or a voyage with martial intentions; an excursion by a body of persons for a valuable end; as, a military, naval, exploring, or scientific expedition; also, the body of persons making such excursion. The expedition miserably failed. Prescott. Narrative of the exploring expedition to the Rocky Mountains. J. C. Fremont.

EXPEDITIONARY Ex`pe*di"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an expedition; as, an expeditionary force.

EXPEDITIONIST Ex`pe*di"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who goes upon an expedition. [R].

EXPEDITIOUS Ex`pe*di"tious, a.

Defn: Possessed of, or characterized by, expedition, or efficiency and rapidity in action; performed with, or acting with, expedition; quick; having celerity; speedily; as, an expeditious march or messenger. -- Ex`pe*di"tious*ly, adv. -- Ex`pe*di"tious*ness, n.

Syn. -- Prompt; ready; speedy; alert. See Prompt.

EXPEDITIVE Ex*ped"i*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. expéditif.]

Defn: Performing with speed. [Obs.] Bacon.

EXPEL Ex*pel", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expelled, p. pr. & vb. n.. Expelling.] Etym: [L. expellere, expulsum; ex out + pellere to drive: cf.F. expeller. See Pulse a beat.]

1. To drive or force out from that within which anything is contained, inclosed, or situated; to eject; as to expel air from a bellows. Did not ye . . . expel me out of my father's house Judg. Xi. 7.

2. To drive away from one's country; to banish. Forewasted all their land, and them expelled. Spenser. . He shell expel them from before you . . . and ye shell possess their land. Josh. xxiii. 5.

3. To cut off from further connection with an institution of learning, a society, and the like; as, to expel a student or member.

4. To keep out, off, or away; to exclude. "To expel the winter's flaw." Shak.

5. To discharge; to shoot. [Obs.] Then he another and another [shaft] did expel. Spenser. .

Syn. -- To banish; exile; eject; drive out. See Banish.

EXPELLABLE Ex*pel"la*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being expelled or driven out. "Expellable by heat." Kirwan.

EXPELLER Ex*pel"ler, n.

Defn: One who. or that which, expels.

EXPEND Ex*pend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expended; p. pr. & vb. n. Expending.] Etym: [L. expendere, expensum, to weigh out, pay out, lay out, lay out; ex out + pendere to weigh. See Poise, and cf. Spend.]

Defn: To lay out, apply, or employ in any way; to consume by use; to use up or distribute, either in payment or in donations; to spend; as, they expend money for food or in charity; to expend time labor, and thought; to expend hay in feeding cattle, oil in a lamp, water in mechanical operations. If my death might make this island happy . . . I would expend it with all willingness. Shak.

EXPEND Ex*pend", v. i.

1. To be laid out, used, or consumed.

2. To pay out or disburse money. They go elsewhere to enjoy and to expend. Macaulay .

EXPENDITOR Ex*pend"i*tor, n. Etym: [LL.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A disburser; especially, one of the disbursers of taxes for the repair of sewers. Mozley & W.

EXPENDITURE Ex*pend"iture, n.

1. The act of expending; a laying out, as of money; disbursement. our expenditure purchased commerce and conquest. Burke.

2. That which is expended or paid out; expense. The receipts and expenditures of this extensive country. A. Hamilton.

EXPENSE Ex*pense", n. Etym: [L. expensa (sc. pecunia), or expensum, fr. expensus, p. p. of expendere. See Expend.]

1. A spending or consuming; disbursement; expenditure. Husband nature's riches from expense. Shak.

2. That which is expended, laid out, or consumed; cost; outlay; charge; -- sometimes with the notion of loss or damage to those on whom the expense falls; as, the expenses of war; an expense of time. Courting popularity at his party's expense. Brougham.

3. Loss. [Obs.] Shak. And moan the expense of many a vanished sight. Spenser. Expense magazine (Mil.), a small magazine containing ammunition for immediate use. H. L. Scott.

EXPENSEFULL Ex*pense"full, a.

Defn: Full of expense; costly; chargeable. [R.] Sir H. Wotton. -- Ex*pense"ful*ly, adv. [R.] -- Ex*pense"ful*ness, n. [R.]

EXPENSELESS Ex*pense"less, a.

Defn: Without cost or expense.

EXPENSIVE Ex*pen"sive, a.

1. Occasioning expense; calling for liberal outlay; costly; dear; liberal; as, expensive dress; an expensive house or family. War is expensive, and peace desirable. Burke.

2. Free in expending; very liberal; especially, in a bad scene; extravagant; lavish. [R.] An active, expensive, indefatigable goodness. Sprat. The idle and expensive are dangerous. Sir W. Temple.

Syn. -- Costly; dear; high-priced; lavish; extravagant. -- Ex*pen"sive*ly, adv. -- Ex*pen"sive*ness, n.

EXPERIENCE Ex*pe"ri*ence, n. Etym: [F. expérience, L. experientia, tr. experiens, , p. pr. of experiri, expertus, to try; ex out + the root of pertus experienced. See Peril, and cf. Expert.]

1. Trial, as a test or experiment. [Obs.] She caused him to make experience Upon wild beasts. Spenser.

2. The effect upon the judgment or feelings produced by any event, whether witnessed or participated in; personal and direct impressions as contrasted with description or fancies; personal acquaintance; actual enjoyment or suffering. "Guided by other's experiences." Shak. I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided, and that is the lamp of experience. P. Henry To most men experience is like the stern lights of a ship, which illumine only the track it has passed. Coleridge. When the consuls . . . came in . . . they knew soon by experience how slenderly guarded against danger the majesty of rulers is where force is wanting. Holland. Those that undertook the religion of our Savior upon his preaching, had no experience of it. Sharp.

3. An act of knowledge, one or more, by which single facts or general truths are ascertained; experimental or inductive knowledge; hence, implying skill, facility, or practical wisdom gained by personal knowledge, feeling or action; as, a king without experience of war. Whence hath the mind all the materials of reason and knowledge To this I answer in one word, from experience. Locke. Experience may be acquired in two ways; either, first by noticing facts without any attempt to influence the frequency of their occurrence or to vary the circumstances under which they occur; this is observation; or, secondly, by putting in action causes or agents over which we have control, and purposely varying their combinations, and noticing what effects take place; this is experiment. Sir J. Herschel.

EXPERIENCE Ex*pe"ri*ence, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Experienced (-enst); p. pr. & vb. n. Experiencing (-en-sng).]

1. To make practical acquaintance with; to try personally; to prove by use or trial; to have trial of; to have the lot or fortune of; to have befall one; to be affected by; to feel; as, to experience pain or pleasure; to experience poverty; to experience a change of views. The partial failure and disappointment which he had experienced in India. Thirwall.

2. To exercise; to train by practice. The youthful sailors thus with early care Their arms experience, and for sea prepare. Harte. To experience religion (Theol.), to become a convert to the diatribes of Christianity; to yield to the power of religions truth.

EXPERIENCED Ex*pe"ri*enced (-enst), p. p. & a.

Defn: Taught by practice or by repeated observations; skillful or wise by means of trials, use, or observation; as, an experienced physician, workman, soldier; an experienced eye. The ablest and most experienced statesmen. Bancroft.

EXPERIENCER Ex*pe"ri*en*cer (-en-sr), n.

1. One who experiences.

2. An experimenter. [Obs.] Sir. K. Gigby.

EXPERIENCE TABLE Ex*pe"ri*ence ta"ble. (Life Insurance)

Defn: A table of mortality computed from the experience of one or more life-insurance companies.

EXPERIENT Ex*pe"ri*ent (-ent), a.

Defn: Experienced. [Obs.] The prince now ripe and full experient. Beau & Fl.

EXPERIENTIAL Ex*pe`ri*en"tial, a.

Defn: Derived from, or pertaining to, experience. Coleridge. It is called empirical or experiential . . . because it is divan to us by experience or observation, and not obtained as the result of inference or reasoning. Sir. W. Hamiltion. -- Ex*pe`ri*en"tial*ly, adv. DR. H. More.

EXPERIENTIALISM Ex*pe`ri*en"tial*ism, n. (Philos.)

Defn: The doctrine that experience, either that ourselves or of others, is the test or criterion of general knowledge; -- opposed to intuitionists. Experientialism is in short, a philosophical or logical theory, not a philosophical one. G. C. Robertson.

EXPERIENTIALIST Ex*pe`ri*en"tial*ist, n.

Defn: One who accepts the doctrine of experientialism. Also used adjectively.

EXPERIMENT Ex*per"i*ment, n. Etym: [L. experimentum, fr. experiri to try: cf. OF. esperiment, experiment. See Experience.]

1. Atrial or special observation, made to confirm or disprove something doubtful; esp., one under conditions determined by the experimenter; an act or operation undertaken in order to discover some unknown principle or effect, or to test, establish, or illustrate some suggest or known truth; practical test; poof. A political experiment can not be made in a laboratory, not determinant in a few hours. J. Adams.

2. Experience. [Obs.] Adam, by sad experiment I know How little weight my words with thee can find. Milton.

EXPERIMENT Ex*per"i*ment, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Experimented; p. pr. & vb. n. Experinenting.]

Defn: To make experiment; to operate by test or trial; -- often with on, upon, or in, referring to the subject of an experiment; with, referring to the instrument; and by, referring to the means; as, to experiment upon electricity; he experimented in plowing with ponies, or by steam power.

EXPERIMENT Ex*per"i*ment, v.t

Defn: , To try; to know, perceive, or prove, by trial experience. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

EXPERIMENTAL Ex*per`i*men"tal, a. Etym: [Cf.F. expérimental.]

1. Pertaining to experiment; founded on, or derived from, experiment or trial; as, experimental science; given to, or skilled in, experiment; as, an experimental philosopher.

2. Known by, or derived from, experience; as, experimental religion.

EXPERIMENTALIST Ex*per`i*men"tal*ist, n.

Defn: One who makes experiments; an experimenter. Whaterly.

EXPERIMENTALIZE Ex*per`i*men"tal*ize, v. i.

Defn: To make experiments (upon); to experiment. J. S. Mill.

EXPERIMENTALLY Ex*per`i*men"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: By experiment; by experience or trial. J. S. Mill.

EXPERIMENTARIAN Ex*per`i*men*ta"ri*an, a.

Defn: Relying on experiment or experience. "an experimentarian philosopher." Boyle. -- n.

Defn: One who relies on experiment or experience. [Obs.]

EXPERIMENTATION Ex*per`i*men*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of experimenting; practice by experiment. J. S. Mill.

EXPERIMENTATIVE Ex*per`imen"ta*tive, a.

Defn: Experimental; of the nature of experiment. [R.]

EXPERIMENTATOR Ex*per"i*men*ta`tor, n. Etym: [LL.]

Defn: An experimenter. [R.]

EXPERIMENTER Ex*per"i*men`ter, n.

Defn: One who makes experiments; one skilled in experiments. Faraday.

EXPERIMENTIST Ex*per"i*men`tist, n.

Defn: An experimenter.

EXPERRECTION Ex`per*rec"tion, n. Etym: [L. expergisci, p. p. experrectus, to rose up; ex out + pergere to wake up.]

Defn: A waking up or arousing. [Obs.] Holland

EXPERT Ex*pert", a. Etym: [F. expert, L. expertus, p. p. of experiri to try. See Experience.]

Defn: Taught by use, practice, or experience, experienced; having facility of operation or performance from practice; knowing and ready from much practice; clever; skillful; as, an expert surgeon; expert in chess or archery. A valiant and most expert gentleman. Shak. What practice, howsoe'er expert In fitting aptest words to things . . . Hath power to give thee as thou wert Tennison.

Syn. -- Adroit; dexterous; clever; ready; prompt.

EXPERT Ex"pert, n.

1. An expert or experienced person; one instructed by experience; one who has skill, experience, or extensive knowledge in his calling or in any special branch of learning.

2. (Law) (a) A specialist in a particular profession or department of science requiring for its mastery peculiar culture and erudition.

Note: Such specialists may be witnesses in matters as to which ordinary observers could not without such aid form just conclusions, and are liable for negligence in case they injure another from want of proper qualifications or proper care in the exercise of their specialty. (b) A sworn appraiser.

EXPERT Ex*pert", v. t.

Defn: To experience. [Obs.] Die would we daily, once it to expert. Spencer.

EXPERTLY Ex*pert"ly, adv.

Defn: In a skillful or dexterous manner; adroitly; with readiness and accuracy.

EXPERTNESS Ex*pert"ness, n.

Defn: Skill derived from practice; readiness; as, expertness in seamanship, or in reasoning.

Syn. -- Facility; readiness; dexterity; adroitness; skill. See Facility.

EXPETIBLE Ex*pet"ible, a. Etym: [L., expetibilis, fr. expetere to wish for; ex out + petere to seek.]

Defn: Worthy of being wished for; desirable. [Obs.] Puller.

EXPIABLE Ex"pi*a*ble, a. Etym: [See Expiate.]

Defn: Capable of being expiated or atoned for; as, an expiable offense; expiable guilt. Bp. Hall.

EXPIATE Ex"pi*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expiated();p. pr. & vb. n. Expiating().] Etym: [L. expiatus, p.p. of expiare to expiate; ex out + piare to seek to appease, to purify with sacred rites, fr. pius pious. See Pious.]

1. To extinguish the guilt of by sufferance of penalty or some equivalent; to make complete satisfaction for; to atone for; to make amends for; to make expiation for; as, to expiate a crime, a guilt, or sin. To expiate his treason, hath naught left. Milton. The Treasurer obliged himself to expiate the injury. Clarendon.

2. To purify with sacred rites. [Obs.] Neither let there be found among you any one that shall expiate his son or daughter, making them to pass through the fire. Deut. xviii. 10 (Douay version)

EXPIATE Ex"pi*ate, a. Etym: [L. expiatus,p.p]

Defn: Terminated. [Obs.] Shak.

EXPIATION Ex`pi*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. expiatio: cf.F. expiation]

1. The act of making satisfaction or atonement for any crime or fault; the extinguishing of guilt by suffering or penalty. His liberality seemed to have something in it of self-abasement and expiation. W. Irving.

2. The means by which reparation or atonement for crimes or sins is made; an expiatory sacrifice or offering; an atonement. Those shadowy expiations weak, The blood of bulls and goats. Milton.

3. An act by which the treats of prodigies were averted among the ancient heathen. [Obs.] Hayward.

EXPIATIST Ex"pi*a*tist, n.

Defn: An expiator. [R.]

EXPIATOR Ex"pi*a`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who makes expiation or atonement.

EXPIATORIOUS Ex`pi*a*to"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Of an expiatory nature; expiatory. Jer. Taylor.

EXPIATORY Ex"pi*a*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. expiatorius: cf. F. expiatoire.]

Defn: Having power, or intended, to make expiation; atoning; as, an expiatory sacrifice.

EXPILATION Ex`pi*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. expiatio.]

Defn: The act of expilating or stripping off; plunder; pillage. [Obs.] This ravenous expiation of the state. Daniel.

EXPILATOR Ex"pi*la`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who pillages; a plunderer; a pillager. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

EXPIRABLE Ex*pir"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may expire; capable of being brought to an end.

EXPIRANT Ex*pir"ant, n.

Defn: One who expires or is expiring.

EXPIRATION Ex`pi*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. expiratio,exspiratio: cf. F. expiration. See Expire.]

1. The act of expiring; as: (a)(Physiol.)

Defn: The act or process of breathing out, or forcing air from the lungs through the nose or mouth; as, respiration consists of inspiration and expiration; -- opposed to Ant: inspiration. (b) Emission of volatile matter; exhalation. The true cause of cold is an expiration from the globe of the earth. Bacon.

(c) The last emission of breath; death. "The groan of expiration." Rambler. (d) A coming to a close; cessation; extinction; termination; end. Before the expiration of thy time. Shak.

2. That which is expired; matter breathed forth; that which is produced by breathing out, as a sound. The aspirate "he," which is . . . a gentle expiration. G. Sharp.

EXPIRATORY Ex*pir"a*to*ry, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or employed in, the expiration or emission of air from the lungs; as, the expiratory muscles.

EXPIRE Ex*pire", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expired;p. pr & vb. n. Expiring.] Etym: [L. expirare, exspirare, expiratum, exspiratum; ex out + spirare to breathe: cf. F. expirer. See Spirit.]

1. To breathe out; to emit from the lungs; to throw out from the mouth or nostrils in the process of respiration; -- opposed to inspire. Anatomy exhibits the lungs in a continual motion of inspiring and expiring air. Harvey. This chafed the boar; his nostrils flames expire. Dryden.

2. To give forth insensibly or gently, as a fluid or vapor; to emit in minute particles; to exhale; as, the earth expires a damp vapor; plants expire odors. The expiring of cold out of the inward parts of the earth in winter. Bacon.

3. To emit; to give out. [Obs.] Dryden.

4. To bring to a close; to terminate. [Obs.] Expire the term Of a despised life. Shak.

EXPIRE Ex*pire", v. i.

1. To emit the breath.

2. To emit the last breath; to breathe out the life; to die; as, to expire calmly; to expire in agony.

3. To come to an end; to cease; to terminate; to perish; to become extinct; as, the flame expired; his lease expires to-day; the month expired on Saturday.

4. To burst forth; to fly out with a blast. [Obs.] "The ponderous ball expires." Dryden.

EXPIRING Ex*pir"ing, a.

1. Breathing out air from the lungs; emitting fluid or volatile matter; exhaling; breathing the last breath; dying; ending; terminating.

2. Pertaining to, or uttered at, the time of dying; as, expiring words; expiring groans.

EXPIRY Ex"pi*ry, n.

Defn: Expiration. He had to leave at the expiry of the term. Lamb. The Parliament . . . now approaching the expiry of its legal term. J. Morley.

EXPISCATE Ex*pis"cate, v. t. Etym: [L. expiscatus, p.p. of expiscari to fish out; ex out+piscari to fish, piscis fish.]

Defn: To fish out; to find out by skill or laborious investigation; to search out. "To expiscate principles." [R.] Nichol. Dr.Burton has with much ingenuity endeavord to expiscate the truth which may be involved in them. W. L. Alexander.

EXPISCATION Ex`pis*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act of expiscating; a fishing. [R.] Chapman.

EXPISCATORY Ex*pis"ca*to*ry, a.

Defn: Tending to fish out; searching out [R.] Carlyle.

EXPLAIN Ex*plain", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Explained();p. pr. & vb. n. Explaining.] Etym: [L. explandare to flatten, spread out, explain; ex out+plandare to make level or plain, planus plain: cf. OF. esplaner, explaner. See Plain,a., and cf. Esplanade.]

1. To flatten; to spread out; to unfold; to expand. [Obs.] The horse-chestnut is . . . ready to explain its leaf. Evelyn.

2. To make plain, manifest, or intelligible; to clear of obscurity; to expound; to unfold and illustrate the meaning of; as, to explain a chapter of the Bible. Commentators to explain the difficult passages to you. Gay. To explain away, to get rid of by explanation. "Those explain the meaning quite "away." Pope.

Syn. -- To expound; interpret; elucidate; clear up.

EXPLAIN Ex*plain", v. i.

Defn: To give an explanation.

EXPLAINABLE Ex*plain"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. explainabilis.]

Defn: Capable of being explained or made plain to the understanding; capable of being interpreted. Sir. T. Browne.

EXPLAINER Ex*plain"er, n.

Defn: One who explains; an expounder or expositor; a commentator; an interpreter.

EXPLANATE Ex"pla*nate, a. Etym: [L. explanatus, p.p. of explanare. See Explain.] (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Spreading or extending outwardly in a flat form.

EXPLANATION Ex`pla*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. explanatio: cf. OF. esplanation.]

1. The act of explaining, expounding, or interpreting; the act of clearing from obscurity and making intelligible; as, the explanation of a passage in Scripture, or of a contract or treaty.

2. That which explains or makes clear; as, a satisfactory explanation.

3. The meaning attributed to anything by one who explains it; definition; inerpretation; sense. Different explanations [of the Trinity]. Bp. Burnet.

4. A mutual exposition of terms, meaning, or motives, with a view to adjust a misunderstanding, and reconcile differences; reconciliation; agreement; as, to come to an explanation.

Syn. -- Definition; description; explication; exposition; interpretation; detail. See Definition.

EXPLANATIVE Ex*plan"a*tive, a.

Defn: Explanatory.

EXPLANATORINESS Ex*plan"a*to*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being explanatory.

EXPLANATORY Ex*plan"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. explanatorius.]

Defn: Serving to explain; containing explanation; as explanatory notes. Swift.

EXPLAT; EXPLATE Ex*plat", Ex*plate", v. t. Etym: [Pref. ex-+plat or plait.]

Defn: To explain; to unfold. [Obs.] Like Solon's self explatest the knotty laws. B. Jonson.

EXPLETION Ex*ple"tion, n. Etym: [L. expletio a satisfying. See Expletive.]

Defn: Accomplishment; fulfillment. [Obs.] Killingbeck.

EXPLETIVE Ex"ple*tive, a. Etym: [L. expletivus, from expletus, p.p. of explere to fill up; ex out+plere to fill, akin to plenus full: cf. F. explétif. See Full.]

Defn: Filling up; hence, added merely for the purpose of filling up; superfluous. "Expletive imagery." Hallam. Expletive phrases to plump his speech. Barrow.

EXPLETIVE Ex"ple*tive, n.

Defn: A word, letter, or syllable not necessary to the sense, but inserted to fill a vacancy; an oath. While explectives their feeble aid to join, And ten low words oft creep in one dull line. Pope.

EXPLETIVELY Ex"ple*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of an expletive.

EXPLETORY Ex"ple*to*ry, a.

Defn: Serving to fill up; expletive; superfluous; as, an expletory word. Bp. Burnet.

EXPLICABLE Ex"pli*ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. explicabilis: cf. F. explicable.]

Defn: Capable of being explicated; that may be explained or accounted for; admitting explanation. It is not explicable upon any grounds. Burke.

EXPLICABLENESS Ex"pli*ca*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being explicable.

EXPLICATE Ex"pli*cate, a. Etym: [L. explicatus, p.p. of explicare.]

Defn: Evolved; unfolded. Jer. Taylor.

EXPLICATE Ex"pli*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Explicated(); p. pr. & vb. n. Explicating().]

1. To unfold; to expand; to lay open. [Obs.] "They explicate the leaves." Blackmore.

2. To unfold the meaning or sense of; to explain; to clear of difficulties or obscurity; to interpret. The last verse of his last satire is not yet sufficiently explicated. Dryden.

EXPLICATION Ex`pli*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. explicatio: cf. F. explication.]

1. The act of opening, unfolding, or explaining; explanation; exposition; interpretation. The explication of our Savior's parables. Atterbury.

2. The sense given by an expositor. Bp. Burnet.

EXPLICATIVE Ex"pli*ca*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. explicatif.]

Defn: Serving to unfold or explain; tending to lay open to the understanding; explanatory. Sir W. Hamilton.

EXPLICATOR Ex"pli*ca`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who unfolds or explains; an expounder; an explainer.

EXPLICATORY Ex"pli*ca`to*ry, a.

Defn: Explicative. Barrow.

EXPLICIT Ex"pli*cit. Etym: [LL., an abbreviation of explicitus (est liber) the book (which anciently was a roll of parchment) is unfolded (and, of course, "finished"). See Explicit, a.]

Defn: A word formerly used (as finis is now) at the conclusion of a book to indicate the end.

EXPLICIT Ex*plic"it, a. Etym: [L. explicitus; p.p. of explicare to unfold: cf. F. explicite. See Explicate, Exploit.]

1. Not implied merely, or conveyed by implication; distinctly stated; plain in language; open to the understanding; clear; not obscure or ambiguous; express; unequivocal; as, an explicit declaration. The language of the charter was too explicit to admit of a doubt. Bancroft.

2. Having no disguised meaning or reservation; unreserved; outspoken; -- applied to persons; as, he was earnest and explicit in his statement. Explicit function. (Math.) See under Function.

Syn. -- Express; clear; plain; open; unreserved; unambiguous. -- Explicit, Express. Explicit denotes a setting forth in the plainest, language, so that the meaning can not be misunderstood; as, an explicit promise. Express is stronger than explicit: it adds force to clearness. An express promise or engagement is not only unambiguous, but stands out in bold relief, with the most binding hold on the conscience. An explicit statement; a clear and explicit notion; explicit direction; no words can be more explicit. An explicit command; an express prohibition. "An express declaration goes forcibly and directly to the point. An explicit declaration leaves nothing ambiguous." C. J. Smith.

EXPLICITLY Ex*plic"it*ly, adv.

Defn: In an explicit manner; clearly; plainly; without disguise or reservation of meaning; not by inference or implication; as, he explicitly avows his intention.

EXPLICITNESS Ex*plic"it*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being explicit; clearness; directness. Jer. Taylor.

EXPLODE Ex*plode", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Exploded; p. pr. & vb. n. Exploding.] Etym: [L. explodere, explosum, to drive out, drive out a player by clapping; ex out+plaudere, plodere, to clap, strike, applaud: cf. OF. exploder. See Plausible.]

1. To become suddenly expanded into a great volume of gas or vapor; to burst violently into flame; as gunpowder explodes.

2. To burst with force and a loud report; to detonate, as a shell filled with powder or the like material, or as a boiler from too great pressure of steam.

3. To burst forth with sudden violence and noise; as, at this, his wrath exploded.

EXPLODE Ex*plode", v. t.

1. To drive from the stage by noisy expressions of disapprobation; to hoot off; to drive away or reject noisily; as, to explode a play. [Obs.] Him old and young Exploded, and seized with violent hands. Milton.

2. To bring into disrepute, and reject; to drive from notice and acceptance; as, to explode a scheme, fashion, or doctrine. Old exploded contrivances of mercantile fraud. Burke. To explode and exterminate dark atheism. Bently.

3. To cause to explode or burst noisily; to detonate; as, to explode powder by touching it with fire.

4. To drive out with violence and noise, as by powder. But late the kindled powder did explode The massy ball and the brass tube unload. Blackmore.

EXPLODENT Ex*plod"ent, n.

1. An instrument or agent causing explosion; an exploder; also, an explosive.

2. See Explosive, n.,

2.

EXPLODER Ex*plod"er, n.

1. One who or that which explodes.

2. One who rejects an opinion or scheme with open contempt. South.

EXPLOIT Ex*ploit", n. Etym: [OE. esploit success, OF. esploit, espleit,revenue, product, vigor, force, exploit, F. exploit exploit, fr. L. explicitum, prop. p.p. neut. of explicare to unfold, display, exhibit; ex+plicare to fold. See Ply, and cf. Explicit, Explicate.]

1. A deed or act; especially, a heroic act; a deed of renown; an adventurous or noble achievement; as, the exploits of Alexander the Great. Ripe for exploits and mighty enterprises. Shak.

2. Combat; war. [Obs.] He made haste to exploit some warlike service. Holland.

2. Etym: [F. exploiter.]

Defn: To utilize; to make available; to get the value or usefulness out of; as, to exploit a mine or agricultural lands; to exploit public opinion. [Recent]

3. Hence: To draw an illegitimate profit from; to speculate on; to put upon. [Recent] In no sense whatever does a man who accumulates a fortune by legitimate industry exploit his employés or make his capital "out of" anybody else. W. G. Sumner.

EXPLOITATION Ex`ploi*ta"tion, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The act of exploiting or utilizing. J. D. Whitney.

EXPLOITURE Ex*ploi"ture, n.

1. The act of exploiting or accomplishing; achievement. [Obs.] Udall.

2. Exploitation. Harper's Mag.

EXPLORABLE Ex*plor"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be explored; as, an explorable region.

EXPLORATE Ex*plo"rate, v. t. Etym: [L. explorare, exploratum.]

Defn: To explore. [Obs.] Sir. T. Browne.

EXPLORATION Ex`plo*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. exploratio: cf. F. exploration.]

Defn: The act of exploring, penetrating, or ranging over for purposes of discovery, especially of geographical discovery; examination; as, the exploration of unknown countries; (Med.)

Defn: physical examination. "An exploration of doctrine." Bp. Hall.

EXPLORATIVE Ex*plor"a*tive, a.

Defn: Exploratory.

EXPLORATOR Ex"plo*ra`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who explores; one who examines closely; a searcher.

EXPLORATORY Ex*plor"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. exploratorius.]

Defn: Serving or intended to explore; searching; examining; explorative. Sir H. Wotton.

EXPLORE Ex*plore", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Explored();p. pr. & vb. n. Exploring.] Etym: [L. explorare to explore; ex out+plorare to cry out aloud,prob. orig., to cause to flow; perh. akin to E. flow: cf. F. explorer.]

1. To seek for or after; to strive to attain by search; to look wisely and carefully for. [Obs.] Explores the lost, the wandering sheep directs. Pope.

2. To search through or into; to penetrate or range over for discovery; to examine thoroughly; as, to explore new countries or seas; to explore the depths of science. "Hidden frauds [to] explore." Dryden.

EXPLOREMENT Ex*plore"ment, n.

Defn: The act of exploring; exploration. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

EXPLORER Ex*plor"er, n.

Defn: One who explores; also, an apparatus with which one explores, as a diving bell.

EXPLORING Explor"ing, a.

Defn: Employed in, or designed for, exploration. "Exploring parties." Bancroft.

EXPLOSION Ex*plo"sion, n. Etym: [L. explosio a driving off by clapping: cf. F. explosion explosion. See Explode.]

1. The act of exploding; detonation; a chemical action which causes the sudden formation of a great volume of expanded gas; as, the explosion of gunpowder, of fire damp,etc.

2. A bursting with violence and loud noise, because of internal pressure; as, the explosion of a gun, a bomb, a steam boiler, etc.

3. A violent outburst of feeling, manifested by excited language, action, etc.; as, an explosion of wrath. A formidable explosion of high-church fanaticism. Macaulay.

EXPLOSIVE Ex*plo"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. explosif.]

Defn: Driving or bursting out with violence and noise; causing explosion; as, the explosive force of gunpowder.

EXPLOSIVE Ex*plo"sive, n.

1. An explosive agent; a compound or mixture susceptible of a rapid chemical reaction, as gunpowder, or nitro-glycerine.

2. A sound produced by an explosive impulse of the breath; (Phonetics) one of consonants p, b, t, d, k, g, which are sounded with a sort of explosive power of voice.

Note: [See Guide to Pronunciation, sq. root 155-7, 184.]

EXPLOSIVELY Ex*plo"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an explosive manner.

EXPOLIATION Ex*po`li*a"tion, n.

Defn: See Exspoliation. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

EXPOLISH Ex*pol"ish, v. t. Etym: [Cf. L. expolire. See Polish.]

Defn: To polish thoroughly. [Obs.] Heywood.

EXPONE Ex*pone", v. t. Etym: [OE. exponen. See Expound.]

Defn: To expound; to explain; also, to expose; to imperil. [Old Eng. & Scotch] Drummond.

EXPONENT Ex*po"nent, n. Etym: [L. exponens, -entis, p. pr. of exponere to put out, set forth, expose. See Expound.]

1. (Alg.)

Defn: A number, letter, or any quantity written on the right hand of and above another quantity, and denoting how many times the latter is repeated as a factor to produce the power indicated;

Note: thus a2 denotes the second power, and an the xth power, of a (2 and x being the exponents). A fractional exponent, or index, is used to denote the root of a quantity. Thus, a denotes the third or cube root of a.

2. One who, or that which, stands as an index or representative; as, the leader of a party is the exponent of its principles. Exponent of a ratio, the quotient arising when the antecedent is divided by the consequent; thus, 6 is the exponent of the ratio of 30 to 5. [R.]

EXPONENTIAL Ex`po*nen"tial, a. Etym: [Cf. F. exponentiel.]

Defn: Pertaining to exponents; involving variable exponents; as, an exponential expression; exponential calculus; an exponential function. Exponential curve, a curve whose nature is defined by means of an exponential equation. -- Exponential equation, an equation which contains an exponential quantity, or in which the unknown quantity enters as an exponent. -- Exponential quantity (Math.), a quantity whose exponent is unknown or variable, as ax. -- Exponential series, a series derived from the development of exponential equations or quantities.

EXPORT Ex*port", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exported; p. pr. & vb. n. Exporting.] Etym: [L. exportare, exportatum; ex out+portare to carry : cf. F. exporter. See Port demeanor.]

1. To carry away; to remove. [Obs.] [They] export honor from a man, and make him a return in envy. Bacon.

2. To carry or send abroad, or out of a country, especially to foreign countries, as merchandise or commodities in the way of commerce; -- the opposite of import; as, to export grain, cotton, cattle, goods, etc.

EXPORT Ex"port, n.

1. The act of exporting; exportation; as, to prohibit the export of wheat or tobacco.

2. That which is exported; a commodity conveyed from one country or State to another in the way of traffic; -- used chiefly in the plural, exports. The ordinary course of exchange . . . between two places must likewise be an indication of the ordinary course of their exports and imports. A. Smith.

EXPORTABILITY Ex*port`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being suitable for exportation. To increase the exportability of native goods. J. P. Peters.

EXPORTABLE Ex*port"a*ble, a.

Defn: Suitable for exportation; as, exportable products.

EXPORTATION Ex`por*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. exportatio: cf. F. exporation.]

1. The act of exporting; the act of conveying or sending commodities abroad or to another country, in the course of commerce.

2. Commodity exported; an export.

3. The act of carrying out. [R.] Bourne.

EXPORTER Ex*port"er, n.

Defn: One who exports; the person who sends goods or commodities to a foreign country, in the way of commerce; -- opposed to importer.

EXPOSAL Ex*pos"al, n.

Defn: Exposure. Swift.

EXPOSE Ex*pose", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exposed(); p. pr. & vb. n. Exposing.] Etym: [F. exposer; pref. ex- (L. ex out)+poser to place. See Pose, v. t.]

1. To set forth; to set out to public view; to exhibit; to show; to display; as, to expose goods for sale; to expose pictures to public inspection. Those who seek truth only, freely expose their principles to the test, and are pleased to have them examined. Locke.

2. To lay bare; to lay open to attack, danger, or anything objectionable; to render accessible to anything which may affect, especially detrimentally; to make liable; as, to expose one's self to the heat of the sun, or to cold, insult, danger, or ridicule; to expose an army to destruction or defeat. Expose thyself to feel what wretches feel. Shak.

3. To deprive of concealment; to discover; to lay open to public inspection, or bring to public notice, as a thing that shuns publicity, something criminal, shameful, or the like; as, to expose the faults of a neighbor. You only expose the follies of men, without arraigning their vices. Dryden.

4. To disclose the faults or reprehensible practices of; to lay open to general condemnation or contempt by making public the character or arts of; as, to expose a cheat, liar, or hypocrite.

EXPOSE Ex`po`sé", n. Etym: [F., prop.p.p. of exposer. See Expose, v. t.]

Defn: A formal recital or exposition of facts; exposure, or revelation, of something which some one wished to keep concealed.

EXPOSEDNESS Ex*pos"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being exposed, laid open, or unprotected; as, an exposedness to sin or temptation.

EXPOSER Ex*pos"er, n.

Defn: One who exposes or discloses.

EXPOSITION Ex`po*si"tion, n. Etym: [L. expositio, fr. exponere, expositum: cf. F. exposition. See Expound.]

1. The act of exposing or laying open; a setting out or displaying to public view.

2. The act of expounding or of laying open the sense or meaning of an author, or a passage; explanation; interpretation; the sense put upon a passage; a law, or the like, by an interpreter; hence, a work containing explanations or interpretations; a commentary. You know the law; your exposition Hath been most sound. Shak.

3. Situation or position with reference to direction of view or accessibility to influence of sun, wind, etc.; exposure; as, an easterly exposition; an exposition to the sun. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

4. A public exhibition or show, as of industrial and artistic productions; as, the Paris Exposition of 1878. [A Gallicism]

EXPOSITIVE Ex*pos"i*tive, a.

Defn: Serving to explain; expository. Bp. Pearson.

EXPOSITOR Ex*pos"i*tor, n. Etym: [L. See Expound.]

Defn: One who, or that which, expounds or explains; an expounder; a commentator. Bp. Horsley.

EXPOSITORY Ex*pos"i*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, exposition; serving to explain; explanatory; illustrative; exegetical. A glossary or expository index to the poetical writers. Johnson.

EXPOST FACTO; EXPOSTFACTO Ex"post` fac"to, or Ex"post`fac"to. Etym: [L., from what is done afterwards.] (Law)

Defn: From or by an after act, or thing done afterward; in consequence of a subsequent act; retrospective. Ex post facto law, a law which operates by after enactment. The phrase is popularly applied to any law, civil or criminal, which is enacted with a retrospective effect, and with intention to produce that effect; but in its true application, as employed in American law, it relates only to crimes, and signifies a law which retroacts, by way of criminal punishment, upon that which was not a crime before its passage, or which raises the grade of an offense, or renders an act punishable in a more severe manner that it was when committed. Ex post facto laws are held to be contrary to the fundamental principles of a free government, and the States are prohibited from passing such laws by the Constitution of the United States. Burrill. Kent.

EX POST FACTO; EX POSTFACTO Ex" post` fac"to, or Ex" post`fac"to (eks" post" fak"to). [L., from what is done afterwards.] (Law)

Defn: From or by an after act, or thing done afterward; in consequence of a subsequent act; retrospective.

Ex post facto law, a law which operates by after enactment. The phrase is popularly applied to any law, civil or criminal, which is enacted with a retrospective effect, and with intention to produce that effect; but in its true application, as employed in American law, it relates only to crimes, and signifies a law which retroacts, by way of criminal punishment, upon that which was not a crime before its passage, or which raises the grade of an offense, or renders an act punishable in a more severe manner that it was when committed. Ex post facto laws are held to be contrary to the fundamental principles of a free government, and the States are prohibited from passing such laws by the Constitution of the United States. Burrill. Kent.

EXPOSTULATE Ex*pos"tu*late, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Expostulated();p. pr. & vb. n. Expostulating.] Etym: [L. expostulatus, p.p. of expostulare to demand vehemently; ex out + postulare to ask, require. See Postulate.]

Defn: To reason earnestly with a person on some impropriety of his conduct, representing the wrong he has done or intends, and urging him to make redress or to desist; to remonstrate; -- followed by with. Men expostulate with erring friends; they bring accusations against enemies who have done them a wrong. Jowett (Thuc. ).

Syn. -- To remonstrate; reason. See Remonstrate.

EXPOSTULATE Ex*pos"tu*late, v. t.

Defn: To discuss; to examine. [Obs.] To expostulate What majesty should be, what duty is. Shak.

EXPOSTULATION Ex*pos`tu*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. expostulatio.]

Defn: The act of expostulating or reasoning with a person in opposition to some impropriety of conduct; remonstrance; earnest and kindly protest; dissuasion. We must use expostulation kindly. Shak.

EXPOSTULATOR Ex*pos"tu*la`tor (;135), n.

Defn: One who expostulates. Lamb.

EXPOSTULATORY Ex*pos"tu*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Containing expostulation or remonstrance; as, an expostulatory discourse or letter.

EXPOSTURE Ex*pos"ture (;135), n. Etym: [Cf. Imposture.]

Defn: Exposure. [Obs.] Shak.

EXPOSURE Ex*po"sure (;135), n. Etym: [From Expose.]

1. The act of exposing or laying open, setting forth, laying bare of protection, depriving of care or concealment, or setting out to reprobation or contempt. The exposure of Fuller . . . put an end to the practices of that vile tribe. Macaulay.

2. The state of being exposed or laid open or bare; openness to danger; accessibility to anything that may affect, especially detrimentally; as, exposure to observation, to cold to inconvenience. When we have our naked frailties hid, That suffer in exposure. Shak.

3. Position as to points of compass, or to influences of climate, etc. "Under a southern exposure. Evelyn. The best exposure of the two for woodcocks. Sir. W. Scott.

4. (Photog.)

Defn: The exposing of a sensitized plate to the action of light.

EXPOUND Ex*pound", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Expounding.] Etym: [OE. exponen, expounen, expounden, fr. L. exponere to set out, expose, expound; ex out + ponere to put: cf. OE. expondre, expondre. See Position.]

1. To lay open; to expose to view; to examine. [Obs.] He expounded both his pockets. Hudibras.

2. To lay open the meaning of; to explain; to clear of obscurity; to interpret; as, to expound a text of Scripture, a law, a word, a meaning, or a riddle. Expound this matter more fully to me. Bunyan.

EXPOUNDER Ex*pound"er, n.

Defn: One who expounds or explains; an interpreter.

EXPRESS Ex*press", a. Etym: [F. exprès, L. expressus, p.p. of exprimere to express; ex. out + premere To press. See Press.]

1. Exactly representing; exact. Their human countenance The express resemblance of the gods. Milton.

2. Directly and distinctly stated; declared in terms; not implied or left to inference; made unambiguous by intention and care; clear; not dubious; as, express consent; an express statement. I have express commandment. Shak.

3. Intended for a particular purpose; relating to an express; sent on a particular errand; dispatched with special speed; as, an express messenger or train. Also used adverbially. A messenger sent express from the other world. Atterbury. Express color. (Law) See the Note under Color, n., 8.

Syn. -- Explicit; clear; unambiguous. See Explicit.

EXPRESS Ex*press", n. Etym: [Cf. F. exprès a messenger.]

1. A clear image or representation; an expression; a plain declaration. [Obs.] The only remanent express of Christ's sacrifice on earth. Jer. Taylor.

2. A messenger sent on a special errand; a courier; hence, a regular and fast conveyance; commonly, a company or system for the prompt and safe transportation of merchandise or parcels; also, a railway train for transporting passengers or goods with speed and punctuality.

3. An express office. She charged him . . . to ask at the express if anything came up from town. E. E. Hale.

4. That which is sent by an express messenger or message. [Obs.] Eikon Basilike. Express office, an office where packages for an express are received or delivered.

EXPRESS Ex*press", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expressed(); p. pr. & vb. n. Expressing.] Etym: [Cf. OF. espresser, expresser, L. exprimere, expressum. See Express,a.; cf. Sprain.]

1. To press or squeeze out; as, to express the juice of grapes, or of apples; hence, to extort; to elicit. All the fruits out of which drink is expressed. Bacon. And th'idle breath all utterly expressed. Spenser. Halters and racks can not express from thee More than by deeds. B. Jonson.

2. To make or offer a representation of; to show by a copy or likeness; to represent; to resemble. Each skillful artist shall express thy form. E. Smith. So kids and whelps their sires and dams express. Dryden.

3. To give a true impression of; to represent and make known; to manifest plainly; to show in general; to exhibit, as an opinion or feeling, by a look, gesture, and esp. by language; to declare; to utter; to tell. My words express my purpose. Shak. They expressed in their lives those excellent doctrines of morality. Addison.

4. To make known the opinions or feelings of; to declare what is in the mind of; to show (one's self); to cause to appear; -- used reflexively. Mr. Phillips did express with much indignation against me, one evening. Pope.

5. To denote; to designate. Moses and Aaron took these men, which are expressed by their names. Num. i. 17.

6. To send by express messenger; to forward by special opportunity, or through the medium of an express; as, to express a package.

Syn. -- To declare; utter; signify; testify; intimate.

EXPRESSAGE Ex*press"age (;48), n.

Defn: The charge for carrying a parcel by express.

EXPRESSIBLE Ex*press"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being expressed, squeezed out, shown, represented, or uttered. -- Express"i*bly,adv.

EXPRESSION Ex*pres"sion, n. Etym: [L. expressio. cf. F. expression.]

1. The act of expressing; the act of forcing out by pressure; as, the expression of juices or oils; also, of extorting or eliciting; as, a forcible expression of truth.

2. The act of declaring or signifying; declaration; utterance; as, an expression of the public will. With this tone of philosophy were mingled expressions of sympathy. Prescott.

3. Lively or vivid representation of meaning, sentiment, or feeling, etc.; significant and impressive indication, whether by language, appearance, or gesture; that manner or style which gives life and suggestive force to ideas and sentiments; as, he reads with expression; her performance on the piano has expression. The imitators of Shakespeare, fixing their attention on his wonderful power of expression, have directed their imitation to this. M. Arnold.

4. That which is expressed by a countenance, a posture, a work of art, etc.; look, as indicative of thought or feeling. "The expression of an eye." Tennyson. It still wore the majesty of expression so conspicuous in his portraits by the inimitable pencil of Titian. Prescott.

5. A form of words in which an idea or sentiment is conveyed; a mode of speech; a phrase; as, a common expression; an odd expression.

6. (Math.)

Defn: The representation of any quantity by its appropriate characters or signs. Past expression, Beyond expression, beyond the power of description. "Beyond expression bright." Milton.

EXPRESSIONAL Ex*pres"sion*al, a.

Defn: Of, or relating to, expression; phraseological; also, vividly representing or suggesting an idea sentiment. Fized. Hall. Ruskin.

EXPRESSIONLESS Ex*pres"sion*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of expression.

EXPRESSIVE Ex*press"ive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. expressif.]

1. Serving to express, utter, or represent; indicative; communicative; -- followed by of; as, words expressive of his gratitude. Each verse so swells expressive of her woes. Tickell.

2. Full of expression; vividly representing the meaning or feeling meant to be conveyed; significant; emphatic; as, expressive looks or words. You have restrained yourself within the list of too cold an adieu; be more expressive to them. Shak. Through her expressive eyes her soul distinctly spoke. Littelton. -- Ex*press"ive*ly,adv. -- Ex*press"ive*ness,n.

EXPRESSLY Ex*press"ly, adv.

Defn: In an express manner; in direct terms; with distinct purpose; particularly; as, a book written expressly for the young. The word of the Lord came expressly unto Ezekiel. Ezek. i. 3. I am sent expressly to your lordship. Shak.

EXPRESSMAN Ex*press"man, n.; pl. Expressmen (.

Defn: A person employed in the express business; also, the driver of a job wagon. W. D. Howells.

EXPRESSNESS Ex*press"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being express; definiteness. [Obs.] Hammond.

EXPRESS RIFLE Ex*press" ri"fle.

Defn: A sporting rifle for use at short ranges, employing a large charge of powder and a light (short) bullet, giving a high initial velocity and consequently a flat trajectory. It is usually of moderately large caliber.

EXPRESS TRAIN Express train.

Defn: Formerly, a railroad train run expressly for the occasion; a special train; now, a train run at express or special speed and making few stops.

EXPRESSURE Ex*pres"sure (;135), n.

Defn: The act of expressing; expression; utterance; representation. [Obs.] An operation more divine Than breath or pen can give expressure to. Shak.

EXPROBRATE Ex"pro*brate, v. t. Etym: [L. exprobratus, p.p. of exprobrare; ex out + probrum a shameful or disgraceful act.]

Defn: To charge upon with reproach; to upbraid. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

EXPROBRATION Ex`pro*bra"tion, n. Etym: [L. exprobration: cf. F. exprobration.]

Defn: Reproachful accusation; upbraiding. [Obs.] A fearful exprobration of our unworthiness. Jer. Taylor.

EXPROBRATIVE; EXPROBRATORY Ex*pro"bra*tive, Ex*pro"bra*to*ry, a.

Defn: Expressing reproach; upbraiding; reproachful. [R.] Sir A. Shirley.

EXPROPRIATE Ex*pro"pri*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. ex out, from + proprius one's own: cf. F. exproprier.]

Defn: To put out of one's possession; to surrender the ownership of; also, to deprive of possession or proprietary rights. Boyle. Expropriate these [bad landlords] as the monks were expropriated by Act of Parliament. M. Arnold.

EXPROPRIATION Ex*pro`pri*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. expropriation.]

Defn: The act of expropriating; the surrender of a claim to exclusive property; the act of depriving of ownership or proprietary rights. W. Montagu. The expropriation of bad landlords. M. Arnold.

EXPUGN Ex*pugn", v. t. Etym: [L. expugnare; ex out + pugnare to fight, pugna fight. Cf. Impugn.]

Defn: To take by assault; to storm; to overcome; to vanquish; as, to expugn cities; to expugn a person by arguments.

EXPUGNABLE Ex*pug"nable, a. Etym: [L. Expugnabilis.]

Defn: Capable of being expugnded.

EXPUGNATION Ex`pug*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. expugnatio.]

Defn: The act of taking by assault; conquest. [R.] Sandys.

EXPUGNER Ex*pugn"er, n.

Defn: One who expugns.

EXPULSE Ex*pulse", v. t. Etym: [F. expulser or L. expulsare, intens. fr. expellere. See Expel.]

Defn: To drive out; to expel. [Obs.] If charity be thus excluded and expulsed. Milton.

EXPULSER Ex*puls"er, n.

Defn: An expeller. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

EXPULSION Ex*pul"sion, n. Etym: [L. expulsio, fr. expellere: cf. F. expulsion. See Expel.]

1. The act of expelling; a driving or forcing out; summary removal from membership, association, etc. The expulsion of the Tarquins. Shak.

2. The state of being expelled or driven out.

EXPULSIVE Ex*pul"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. expulsif.]

Defn: Having the power of driving out or away; serving to expel. The expulsive power of a new affection. Chalmers.

EXPUNCTION Ex*punc"tion, n. Etym: [L. expunctio execution, performance, from expungere. See Expunge.]

Defn: The act of expunging or erasing; the condition of being expunged. Milton.

EXPUNGE Ex*punge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expunged();p. pr. & vb. n. Expunging().] Etym: [L. expungere, expunctum, prick out, expunge, settle an account, execute; ex out + pungere to prick, puncture. See Pungent.]

1. To blot out, as with pen; to rub out; to efface designedly; to obliterate; to strike out wholly; as, to expunge words, lines, or sentences.

2. To strike out; to wipe out or destroy; to annihilate; as, to expugne an offense. Sandys. Expugne the whole, or lop th' excrescent parts. Pope.

Syn. -- To efface; erase; obliterate; strike out; destroy; annihilate; cancel.

EXPURGATE Ex"pur*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expurgated(); p. pr. & vb. n. Expurgating().] Etym: [L. expurgatus, p.p. of expurgare to purge, purify; ex out, from + purgare to cleanse, purify, purge. See Purge, and cf. Spurge.]

Defn: To purify; to clear from anything noxious, offensive, or erroneous; to cleanse; to purge; as, to expurgate a book.

EXPURGATION Ex`pur*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. expurgatio justification, excuse: cf. F. expurgation.]

Defn: The act of expurgating, purging, or cleansing; purification from anything noxious, offensive, sinful, or erroneous. Milton.

EXPURGATOR Ex"pur*ga`tor, n.

Defn: One who expurgates or purifies.

EXPURGATORIAL Ex*pur`ga*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Tending or serving to expurgate; expurgatory. Milman.

EXPURGATORIOUS Ex*pur`ga*to"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Expurgatory. [Obs.] "Expurgatorious indexes." Milton.

EXPURGATORY Ex*pur"ga*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. expurgatoire.]

Defn: Serving to purify from anything noxious or erroneous; cleansing; purifying. "Expurgatory animadversions." Sir T. Browne. Expurgatory Index. See Index Expurgatorius, under Index.

EXPURGE Ex*purge", v. t. Etym: [Cf. OF. espurgier. See Expurgate.]

Defn: To purge away. [Obs.] Milton.

EXQUIRE Ex*quire", v. t. Etym: [L. exquirere. See Exquisite.]

Defn: To search into or out. [Obs.] Chapman.

EXQUISITE Ex"qui*site, a. Etym: [L. exquisitus, p.p. of exquirere to search out; ex out + quarere to seek, search. See Quest.]

1. Carefully selected or sought out; hence, of distinguishing and surpassing quality; exceedingly nice; delightfully excellent; giving rare satisfaction; as, exquisite workmanship. Plate of rare device, and jewels Of reach and exquisite form. Shak. I have no exquisite reason for 't, but I have reason good enough. Shak.

2. Exceeding; extreme; keen; -- used in a bad or a good sense; as, exquisite pain or pleasure.

3. Of delicate perception or close and accurate discrimination; not easy to satisfy; exact; nice; fastidious; as, exquisite judgment, taste, or discernment. His books of Oriental languages, wherein he was exquisite. Fuller.

Syn. -- Nice; delicate; exact; refined; choice; rare; matchless; consummate; perfect.

EXQUISITE Ex"qui*site, n.

Defn: One who manifests an exquisite attention to external appearance; one who is overnice in dress or ornament; a fop; a dandy.

EXQUISITELY Ex"qui*site*ly, adv.

Defn: In an exquisite manner or degree; as, lace exquisitely wrought. To a sensitive observer there was something exquisitely painful in it. Hawthorne.

EXQUISITENESS Ex"qui*site*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being exquisite.

EXQUISITIVE Ex*quis"i*tive, a.

Defn: Eager to discover or learn; curious. [Obs.] Todd. -- Ex*quis"i*tive*ly, adv. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

EXSANGUINE Ex*san"guine, a.

Defn: Bloodless. [R.]

EXSANGUINEOUS Ex`san*guin"e*ous, a.

Defn: Destitute of blood; anæmic; exsanguious.

EXSANGUINITY Ex`san*guin"i*ty, n. (Med.)

Defn: Privation or destitution of blood; -- opposed to plethora. Dunglison.

EXSANGUINOUS Ex*san"gui*nous, a.

Defn: See Exsanguious.

EXSANGUIOUS Ex*san"gui*ous, a. Etym: [L. exsanguis; ex out + sanguis, sanguinis, blood. Cf. Exsanguineous.]

1. Destitute of blood. Sir T. Browne.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Destitute of true, or red, blood, as insects.

EXSCIND Ex*scind", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exscinded; p. pr. & vb. n. Exscinding.] Etym: [L. exscindere; ex out, from + scindere to cut.]

Defn: To cut off; to separate or expel from union; to extirpate. Barrow. The second presbytery of Philadelphia was also exscinded by that Assembly. Am. Cyc.

EXSCRIBE Ex*scribe", v. t. Etym: [L. excribere; ex out, from + scribere to write.]

Defn: To copy; to transcribe. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

EXSCRIPT Ex"script, n. Etym: [L. exscriptus, p.p. of exscribere.]

Defn: A copy; a transcript. [Obs.] Bailey.

EXSCRIPTURAL Ex*scrip"tur*al, a. Etym: [Pref. ex-+scriptural.]

Defn: Not in accordance with the doctrines of Scripture; unscriptural.

EXSCUTELLATE Ex*scu"tel*late, a. Etym: [Pref. ex- + scutellate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Without, or apparently without, a scutellum; -- said of certain insects.

EXSECT Ex*sect", v. t. Etym: [L. exsectio.]

1. A cutting out or away. E. Darwin.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: The removal by operation of a portion of a limb; particularly, the removal of a portion of a bone in the vicinity of a joint; the act or process of cutting out.

EXSERT; EXSERTED Ex*sert", Ex*sert"ed, a. Etym: [L. exsertus, p.p. of exserere to stretch out or forth. See Exert.]

Defn: Standing out; projecting beyond some other part; as, exsert stamens. A small portion of the basal edge of the shell exserted. D. H. Barnes.

EXSERTILE Ex*sert"ile, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Capable of being thrust out or protruded. J. Fleming.

EXSICCANT Ex*sic"cant, a. Etym: [L. exsiccans, p.pr. of exsiccare. See Exsiccate.]

Defn: Having the quality of drying up; causing a drying up. -- n. (Med.)

Defn: An exsiccant medicine.

EXSICCATE Ex"sic*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exsiccated(); p. pr. & vb. n. Exsiccating.] Etym: [L. exsiccatus, p.p. of exsiccare to dry up; ex out + siccare to make dry, siccus dry.]

Defn: To exhaust or evaporate moisture from; to dry up. Sir T. Browne.

EXSICCATION Ex`sic*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. exsiccatio: cf. F. exsiccation.]

Defn: The act of operation of drying; evaporation or expulsion of moisture; state of being dried up; dryness. Sir T. Browne.

EXSICCATIVE Ex*sic"ca*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to make dry; having the power of drying.

EXSICCATOR Ex"sic*ca`tor, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An apparatus for drying substances or preserving them from moisture; a desiccator; also, less frequently, an agent employed to absorb moisture, as calcium chloride, or concentrated sulphuric acid.

EXSILIENCY Ex*sil"i*en*cy, n. Etym: [L. exsiliens leaping out, p.pr. of exsilire; ex out + salire to leap.]

Defn: A leaping out. [R.] Latham.

EXSOLUTION Ex`so*lu"tion, n. Etym: [L. exsolutio a release.]

Defn: Relaxation. [R.] Richardson (Dict. ).

EXSPOLIATION Ex*spo`li*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. exspoliatio, fr. exspoliare to spoil, to plunder; ex out, from + spoliare. See Spoliate.]

Defn: Spoliation. [Obs. or R.] Bp. Hall.

EXSPUITION Ex`spu*i"tion, n. Etym: [L. exspuitio; ex out + spuere to spit: cf. F. exspuition.]

Defn: A discharge of saliva by spitting. [R.] E. Darwin.

EXSPUTORY Ex*spu"to*ry, a.

Defn: Spit out, or as if spit out. "Exsputory lines." Cowper.

EXSTIPULATE Ex*stip"u*late, a. Etym: [Pref. ex- + stipulate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having no stipules. Martyn.

EXSTROPHY Ex"stro*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The eversion or turning out of any organ, or of its inner surface; as, exstrophy of the eyelid or of the bladder.

EXSUCCOUS Ex*suc"cous, a. Etym: [L. exsuccus; ex out + succus juice.]

Defn: Destitute of juice; dry; sapless. Latham.

EXSUCTION Ex*suc"tion, n. Etym: [L. exsugere, exsuctum, to suck out; ex out + sugere to suck: cf. F. exsuccion.]

Defn: The act of sucking out.

EXSUDATION Ex`su*da"tion, n.

Defn: Exudation.

EXSUFFLATE Ex`suf*flate", v. t. Etym: [L. exsufflare to blow at or upon; ex out + sufflare. See Sufflate.] (Eccles.)

Defn: To exorcise or renounce by blowing.

EXSUFFLATION Ex`suf*fla"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. exsufflatio.]

1. A blast from beneath. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. (Eccles.)

Defn: A kind of exorcism by blowing with the breath. Jer. Taylor.

3. (Physiol.)

Defn: A strongly forced expiration of air from the lungs.

EXSUFFLICATE Ex*suf"fli*cate, a.

Defn: Empty; frivolous. [A Shakespearean word only once used.] Such exsufflicate and blown surmises. Shak. (Oth. iii. 3, 182).

EXSUSCITATE Ex*sus"ci*tate, v. t. Etym: [L. exsuscitatus, p.p. of exsuscitare; ex out + suscitare. See Suscitate.]

Defn: To rouse; to excite. [Obs.] Johnson.

EXSUSCITATION Ex*sus`ci*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. exsuscitatio.]

Defn: A stirring up; a rousing. [Obs.] Hallywell.

EXTACY Ex"ta*cy, n.

Defn: See Ecstasy. [Obs.]

EXTANCE Ex"tance, n. Etym: [L. extantia, exstantia, a standing out, fr. exstans, p.pr. See Extant.]

Defn: Outward existence. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

EXTANCY Ex"tan*cy, n. Etym: [L. extantia, exstantia.]

Defn: The state of rising above others; a projection. Evelyn. Boyle.

EXTANT Ex"tant, a. Etym: [L. extans, -antis, or exstans, -antis, p.pr. of extare, exstare, to stand out or forth; ex out + stare to stand: cf. F. extant. See Stand.]

1. Standing out or above any surface; protruded. That part of the teeth which is extant above the gums. Ray. A body partly immersed in a fluid and partly extant. Bentley.

2. Still existing; not destroyed or lost; outstanding. Writings that were extant at that time. Sir M. Hale. The extant portraits of this great man. I. Taylor.

3. Publicly known; conspicuous. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

EXTASY Ex"ta*sy, n. & v. t.

Defn: See Ecstasy, n. & v. t.

EXTATIC Ex*tat"ic, a.

Defn: See Ecstatic, a.

EXTEMPORAL Ex*tem"po*ral, a. Etym: [L. extemporalis, from ex tempore.]

Defn: Extemporaneous; unpremeditated. [Obs.] B. Jonson. -- Ex*tem"po*ral*ly, adv. [Obs.]

EXTEMPORANEAN Ex*tem`po*ra"ne*an, a.

Defn: Extemporaneous. [Obs] Burton.

EXTEMPORANEOUS Ex*tem`po*ra"ne*ous, a. Etym: [See Extempore.]

Defn: Composed, performed, or uttered on the spur of the moment, or without previous study; unpremeditated; off-hand; extempore; extemporary; as, an extemporaneous address or production. -- Ex*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ly, adv. -- Ex*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ness,n.

EXTEMPORARILY Ex*tem"po*ra*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: Extemporaneously.

EXTEMPORARY Ex*tem"po*ra*ry, a.

1. Extemporaneous. "In extemporary prayer." Fuller.

2. Made for the occasion; for the time being. [Obs.] "Extemporary habitations." Maundrell.

EXTEMPORE Ex*tem"po*re, adv. Etym: [L. ex out + tempus, temporis, time. See Temporal.]

Defn: Without previous study or meditation; without preparation; on the spur of the moment; suddenly; extemporaneously; as, to write or speak extempore. Shak. -- a.

Defn: Done or performed extempore. "Extempore dissertation." Addison. "Extempore poetry." Dryden. -- n.

Defn: Speaking or writing done extempore. [Obs.] Bp. Fell.

EXTEMPORINESS Ex*tem"po*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being done or devised extempore [Obs.] Johnson.

EXTEMPORIZATION Ex*tem`po*ri*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of extemporizing; the act of doing anything extempore.

EXTEMPORIZE Ex*tem"po*rize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Extemporized(); p. pr. & vb. n. Extemporizing().]

Defn: To speak extempore; especially, to discourse without special preparation; to make an offhand address.

EXTEMPORIZE Ex*tem"po*rize, v. t.

Defn: To do, make, or utter extempore or off-hand; to prepare in great haste, under urgent necessity, or with scanty or unsuitable materials; as, to extemporize a dinner, a costume, etc. Themistocles . . . was of all men the best able to extemporize the right thing to be done. Jowett (Thucyd. ). Pitt, of whom it was said that he could extemporize a Queen's speech Lord Campbell.

EXTEMPORIZER Ex*tem"po*ri`zer, n.

Defn: One who extemporizes.

EXTEND Ex*tend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extended; p. pr. & vb. n. Extending.] Etym: [L. extendere, extentum, extensum; ex out + tendere to stretch. See Trend.]

1. To stretch out; to prolong in space; to carry forward or continue in length; as, to extend a line in surveying; to extend a cord across the street. Few extend their thoughts toward universal knowledge'. Locke.

2. To enlarge, as a surface or volume; to expand; to spread; to amplify; as, to extend metal plates by hammering or rolling them.

3. To enlarge; to widen; to carry out further; as, to extend the capacities, the sphere of usefulness, or commerce; to extend power or influence; to continue, as time; to lengthen; to prolong; as, to extend the time of payment or a season of trail.

4. To hold out or reach forth, as the arm or hand. His helpless hand extend. Dryden.

5. To bestow; to offer; to impart; to apply; as, to extend sympathy to the suffering.

6. To increase in quantity by weakening or adulterating additions; as, to extend liquors. G. P. Burnham.

7. (Eng. Law)

Defn: To value, as lands taken by a writ of extent in satisfaction of a debt; to assign by writ of extent. Extended letter (Typog.), a letter, or style of type, having a broader face than is usual for a letter or type of the same height.

Note: This is extended type.

Syn. -- To increase; enlarge; expand; widen; diffuse. See Increase.

EXTENDANT Ex*tend"ant, a. (Her.)

Defn: Displaced. Ogilvie.

EXTENDEDLY Ex*tend"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In an extended manner.

EXTENDER Ex*tend"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, extends or stretches anything.

EXTENDIBLE Ex*tend"i*ble, a.

1. Capable of being extended, susceptible of being stretched, extended, enlarged, widened, or expanded.

2. (Law)

Defn: Liable to be taken by a writ of extent.

EXTENDLESSNESS Ex*tend"less*ness, n.

Defn: Unlimited extension. [Obs.] An . . . extendlessness of excursions. Sir. M. Hale.

EXTENSE Ex*tense", a. Etym: [L. extensus, p.p. See Extend, v. t.]

Defn: Outreaching; expansive; extended, superficially or otherwise. Men and gods are too extense; Could you slacken and condense Emerson.

EXTENSIBILITY Ex*ten`si*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being extensible; the capacity of being extended; as, the extensibility of a fiber, or of a plate of metal.

EXTENSIBLE Ex*ten"si*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. extensible. See Extend.]

Defn: Capable of being extended, whether in length or breadth; susceptible of enlargement; extensible; extendible; -- the opposite of contractible or compressible. "An extensible membrane" Holder.

EXTENSIBLENESS Ex*ten"si*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Extensibility.

EXTENSILE Ex*ten"sile a.

Defn: Suited for, or capable of, extension; extensible. Owen.

EXTENSION Ex*ten"sion, n. Etym: [L. extensio: cf. F. extension. See Extend, v. t.]

1. The act of extending or the state of being extended; a stretching out; enlargement in breadth or continuation of length; increase; augmentation; expansion.

2. (Physics)

Defn: That property of a body by which it occupies a portion of space.

3. (Logic & Metaph.)

Defn: Capacity of a concept or general term to include a greater or smaller number of objects; -- correlative of intension. The law is that the intension of our knowledge is in the inverse ratio of its extension. Sir W. Hamilton. The extension of [the term] plant is greater than that of geranium, because it includes more objects. Abp. Thomson.

4. (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of stretching a broken bone so as to bring the fragments into the same straight line.

5. (Physiol.)

Defn: The straightening of a limb, in distinction from flexion.

6. (Com.)

Defn: A written engagement on the part of a creditor, allowing a debtor further time to pay a debt. Counter extension. (Surg.) See under Counter. -- Extension table, a table so constructed as to be readily extended or contracted in length.

EXTENSIONAL Ex*ten"sion*al, a.

Defn: Having great extent.

EXTENSIONIST Ex*ten"sion*ist, n.

Defn: One who favors or advocates extension.

EXTENSIVE Ex*ten"sive, a. Etym: [L. extensivus: cf. F. extensif. See Extend.]

1. Having wide extent; of much superficial extent; expanded; large; broad; wide; comprehensive; as, an extensive farm; an extensive lake; an extensive sphere of operations; extensive benevolence; extensive greatness.

2. Capable of being extended. [Obs.] Silver beaters choose the finest coin, as that which is most extensive under the hammer. Boyle.

EXTENSIVELY Ex*ten"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: To a great extent; widely; largely; as, a story is extensively circulated.

EXTENSIVENESS Ex*ten"sive*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being extensive; wideness; largeness; extent; diffusiveness.

EXTENSOMETER Ex`ten*som"e*ter, n. Etym: [Extension + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the extension of a body, especially for measuring the elongation of bars of iron, steel, or other material, when subjected to a tensile force.

EXTENSOR Ex*ten"sor, n. Etym: [L., one who stretches. See Extend.] (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle which serves to extend or straighten any part of the body, as an arm or a finger; -- opposed to flexor.

EXTENSURE Ex*ten"sure, n.

Defn: Extension. [R.] Drayton.

EXTENT Ex*tent", a. Etym: [L. extentus, p. p. of extendere. See Extend.]

Defn: Extended. [Obs.] Spenser.

EXTENT Ex*tent", n. Etym: [L. extentus, fr. extendere. See Extend.]

1. Space or degree to which a thing is extended; hence, superficies; compass; bulk; size; length; as, an extent of country or of line; extent of information or of charity. Life in its large extent is scare a span. Cotton.

2. Degree; measure; proportion. "The extent to which we can make ourselves what we wish to be." Lubbock.

3. (Eng. Law) (a) A peculiar species of execution upon debts due to the crown, under which the lands and goods of the debtor may be seized to secure payment. (b) A process of execution by which the lands and goods of a debtor are valued and delivered to the creditor.

EXTENUATE Ex*ten"u*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extenuated(); p. pr. & vb. n. Extenuating().] Etym: [L. extenuatus, p. p. of extenuare to make thin, loosen, weaken; ex out + tenuare to make thin, tenuis thin. See Tenuity.]

1. To make thin or slender; to draw out so as to lessen the thickness. His body behind the head becomes broad, from whence it is again extenuated all the way to the tail. Grew.

2. To lessen; to palliate; to lessen or weaken the force of; to diminish the conception of, as crime, guilt, faults, ills, accusations, etc.; -- opposed to aggravate. But fortune there extenuates the crime. Dryden. Let us extenuate, conceal, adorn the unpleasing reality. I. Taylor.

3. To lower or degrade; to detract from. [Obs.] Who can extenuate thee Milton.

Syn. -- To palliate; to mitigate. See Palliate.

EXTENUATE Ex*ten"u*ate, v. i.

Defn: To become thinner; to make excuses; to advance palliating considerations. Burke.

EXTENUATE Ex*ten"u*ate, a. Etym: [L. extenuatus, p. p.]

Defn: Thin; slender. [Obs.] Huloet.

EXTENUATION Ex*ten`u*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. extenuatio: cf. F. exténuation.]

Defn: The act of axtenuating or the state of being extenuated; the act of making thin, slender, or lean, or of palliating; diminishing, or lessening; palliation, as of a crime; mitigation, as of punishment. To listen . . . to every extenuation of what is evil. I. Taylor.

EXTENUATOR Ex*ten"u*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who extenuates.

EXTENUATORY Ex*ten"u*a*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. L. extenuatorius attenuating.]

Defn: Tending to extenuate or palliate. Croker.

EXTERIOR Ex*te"ri*or, a. Etym: [L. exterior, compar. of exter or exterus on the outside, outward, foreign, strange, a compar. fr. ex: cf. F. extérieur. See Ex, and cf. Extreme, Interior.]

1. External; outward; pertaining to that which is external; -- opposed to interior; as, the exterior part of a sphere. Sith nor the exterior nor the inward man Resemble that it was. Shak.

2. External; on the outside; without the limits of; extrinsic; as, an object exterior to a man, opposed to what is within, or in his mind. Without exterior help sustained. Milton.

3. Relating to foreign nations; foreign; as, the exterior relations of a state or kingdom. Exterior angle (Geom.), the angle included between any side of a triangle or polygon and the prolongation of the adjacent side; also, an angle included between a line crossing two parallel lines and either of the latter on the outside. -- Exterior side (Fort.), the side of the polygon upon which a front of fortification is formed. Wilhelm.

Note: See Illust. of Ravelin.

EXTERIOR Ex*te"ri*or, n.

1. The outward surface or part of a thing; that which is external; outside.

2. Outward or external deportment, form, or ceremony; visible act; as, the exteriors of religion.

EXTERIORITY Ex*te`ri*or"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. extériorité.]

Defn: Surface; superficies; externality.

EXTERIORLY Ex*te"ri*or*ly, adv.

Defn: Outwardly; externally; on the exterior. Shak. They are exteriorly lifelike. J. H. Morse.

EXTERMINATE Ex*ter"mi*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exterminated(); p. pr. & vb. n. Exterminating().] Etym: [L. exterminatus, p. p. of exterminare to abolish, destroy, drive out or away; ex out + terminus boundary, limit. See Term.]

1. To drive out or away; to expel. They deposed, exterminated, and deprived him of communion. Barrow.

2. To destroy utterly; to cut off; to extirpate; to annihilate; to root out; as, to exterminate a colony, a tribe, or a nation; to exterminate error or vice. To explode and exterminate rank atheism. Bentley.

3. (Math.)

Defn: To eliminate, as unknown quantities. [R.]

EXTERMINATION Ex*ter`mi*na"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. extermination.]

1. The act of exterminating; total destruction; eradication; excision; as, the extermination of inhabitants or tribes, of error or vice, or of weeds from a field.

2. (Math.)

Defn: Elimination. [R.]

EXTERMINATOR Ex*ter"mi*na`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who, or that which, exterminates. Buckle.

EXTERMINATORY Ex*ter"mi*na*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to extermination; tending to exterminate. "Exterminatory war." Burke.

EXTERMINE Ex*ter"mine, v. t. Etym: [F. exterminer.]

Defn: To exterminate; to destroy. [Obs.] Shak.

EXTERN Ex*tern", a. Etym: [Cf. F. externe. See External.]

Defn: External; outward; not inherent. [Obs.] Shak.

EXTERN Ex*tern", n. Etym: [Cf. F. externe.]

1. A pupil in a seminary who lives without its walls; a day scholar.

2. Outward form or part; exterior. [R.]

EXTERNAL Ex*ter"nal, a. Etym: [L. externus, fr. exter, exterus, on the outside, outward. See Exterior.]

1. Outward; exterior; relating to the outside, as of a body; being without; acting from without; -- opposed to internal; as, the external form or surface of a body. Of all external things, . . . She [Fancy] forms imaginations, aery shapes. Milton.

2. Outside of or separate from ourselves; (Metaph.) separate from the perceiving mind.

3. Outwardly perceptible; visible; physical or corporeal, as distinguished from mental or moral. Her virtues graced with external gifts. Shak.

4. Not intrinsic nor essential; accidental; accompanying; superficial. The external circumstances are greatly different. Trench.

5. Foreign; relating to or connected with foreign nations; as, external trade or commerce; the external relations of a state or kingdom.

6. (Anat.)

Defn: Away from the mesial plane of the body; lateral. External angles. (Geom.) See under Angle.

EXTERNAL Ex*ter"nal, n.

Defn: Something external or without; outward part; that which makes a show, rather than that which is intrinsic; visible form; -- usually in the plural. Adam was then no less glorious in his externals South. God in externals could not place content. Pope.

EXTERNALISM Ex*ter"nal*ism n.

1. The quality of being manifest to the senses; external acts or appearances; regard for externals. This externalism gave Catholicism a great advantage on all sides. E. Eggleston.

2. (Metaph.)

Defn: That philosophy or doctrine which recognizes or deals only with externals, or objects of sense perception; positivism; phenomenalism.

EXTERNALISTIC Ex*ter`nal*is"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to externalism North Am. Rev.

EXTERNALITY Ex`ter*nal"i*ty, n.

Defn: State of being external; exteriority; (Metaph.)

Defn: separation from the perceiving mind. Pressure or resistance necessarily supposes externality in the thing which presses or resists. A. Smith.

EXTERNALIZE Ex*ter"nal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make external; to manifest by outward form. Thought externalizes itself in language. Soyce.

EXTERNALLY Ex*ter"nal*ly, adv.

Defn: In an external manner; outwardly; on the outside; in appearance; visibly.

EXTERNE Ex`terne", n. Etym: [F. Cf. Extern.] (med.)

Defn: An officer in attendance upon a hospital, but not residing in it; esp., one who cares for the out-patients.

EXTERRANEOUS Ex`ter*ra"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. exterraneus; es out + terra land.]

Defn: Foreign; belonging to, or coming from, abroad.

EXTERRITORIAL Ex*ter`ri*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [Pref. ex.]

Defn: Beyond the territorial limits; foreign to, or exempt from, the territorial jurisdiction. -- Ex*ter`ri*to"ri*al*ly(#),adv.

EXTERRITORIALITY Ex*ter`ri*to`ri*al"i*ty, n.

1. The state of being beyond the limits of a country.

2. The state of being free from the jurisdiction of a country when within its territorial limits.

EXTERSION Ex*ter"sion, n. Etym: [L. extergere, extersum, to wipe out; ex out + tergere to wipe or rub off.]

Defn: The act of wiping or rubbing out. [Obs.]

EXTILL Ex*till", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Extilled(); p. pr. & vb. n. Extilling.] Etym: [L. extillare, exstillare; ex out + stillare to drop, stilla drop.]

Defn: To drop or distill. [Obs.] Johnson.

EXTILLATION Ex`til*la"tion, n.

Defn: Distillation. [Obs.] An exudation or extillation of petrifying juices. Derham.

EXTIMULATE Ex*tim"u*late, v. t. Etym: [L. extimulatus, exstimulatus, p. p. of extimulare, exstimulare, to goad. See Stimulate.]

Defn: To stimulate. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

EXTIMULATION Ex*tim`u*la"tion, n.

Defn: Stimulation. [Obs.] Things insipid, and without any extimulation. Bacon.

EXTINCT Ex*tinct", a. Etym: [L. extinctus, exstinctus, p. p. of extinguere, exstinguere. See Extinguish.]

1. Extinguished; put out; quenched; as, a fire, a light, or a lamp, is extinct; an extinct volcano. Light, the prime work of God, to me is extinct. Milton.

2. Without a survivor; without force; dead; as, a family becomes extinct; an extinct feud or law.

EXTINCT Ex*tinct", v. t.

Defn: To cause to be extinct. [Obs.] Shak.

EXTINCTION Ex*tinc"tion, n. Etym: [L. extinctio, exstinction: cf. F. extinction.]

1. The act of extinguishing or making extinct; a putting an end to; the act of putting out or destroying light, fire, life, activity, influence, etc.

2. State of being extinguished or of ceasing to be; destruction; suppression; as, the extinction of life, of a family, of a quarrel, of claim.

EXTINE Ex"tine (; 104), n. Etym: [L. exter on the outside. Cf. Intine.] (bot.)

Defn: The outer membrane of the grains of pollen of flowering plants.

EXTINGUISH Ex*tin"guish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extinguished(); p pr. & vb. n. Extinguishing.] Etym: [L. extinguere, exstinguere; ex out + stinguere to quench. See Distinguish, Finish.]

1. To quench; to put out, as a light or fire; to stifle; to cause to die out; to put an end to; to destroy; as, to extinguish a flame, or life, or love, or hope, a pretense or a right. A light which the fierce winds have no power to extinguish. Prescott. This extinguishes my right to the reversion. Blackstone.

2. To obscure; to eclipse, as by superior splendor. Natural graces that extinguish art. Shak .

EXTINGUISHABLE Ex*tin"guish*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being quenched, destroyed, or suppressed.

EXTINGUISHER Ex*tin"guish*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, extinguishes; esp., a hollow cone or other device for extinguishing a flame, as of a torch or candle.

EXTINGUISHMENT Ex*tin"guish*ment, n.

1. The act of extinguishing, putting out, or quenching, or the state of being extinguished; extinction; suppression; destruction; nullification; as, the extinguishment of fire or flame, of discord, enmity, or jealousy, or of love or affection.

2. (Law)

Defn: The annihilation or extinction of a right or obligation. Abbott.

EXTIRP Ex*tirp" (, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. extirper.]

Defn: To extirpate. [Obs.] It is impossible to extirp it quite, friar. Shak .

EXTIRPABLE Ex*tir"pa*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being extirpated or eradicated; as, an extirpable plant. Evelyn.

EXTIRPATE Ex"tir*pate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extirpated(); p. pr. & vb. n. Extirpating().] Etym: [L. extirpatus, exstirpatus, p. p. of extirpare, exstirpare; ex out + strips stock, stem, root.]