Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (part 10 of 60)
CHOOSE Choose, v. t. [imp. Chose; p. p. Chosen, Chose (Obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Choosing.] Etym: [OE. chesen, cheosen, AS. ceósan; akin to OS. kiosan, D. kiezen, G. kiesen, Icel. kjosa, Goth. kiusan, L. gustare to taste, Gr. jush to enjoy. *46. Cf. Choice, 2d Gust.]
1. To make choice of; to select; to take by way of preference from two or more objects offered; to elect; as, to choose the least of two evils. Choose me for a humble friend. Pope.
2. To wish; to desire; to prefer. [Colloq.] The landlady now returned to know if we did not choose a more genteel apartment. Goldsmith. To choose sides. See under Side.
Syn. - To select; prefer; elect; adopt; follow. -- To Choose, Prefer, Elect. To choose is the generic term, and denotes to take or fix upon by an act of the will, especially in accordance with a decision of the judgment. To prefer is to choose or favor one thing as compared with, and more desirable than, another, or more in accordance with one's tastes and feelings. To elect is to choose or select for some office, employment, use, privilege, etc., especially by the concurrent vote or voice of a sufficient number of electors. To choose a profession; to prefer private life to a public one; to elect members of Congress.
CHOOSE Choose, v. i.
1. To make a selection; to decide. They had only to choose between implicit obedience and open rebellion. Prescott.
2. To do otherwise. "Can I choose but smile" Pope. Can not choose but, must necessarily. Thou canst not choose but know who I am. Shak.
CHOOSER Choos"er, n.
Defn: One who chooses; one who has the power or right of choosing; an elector. Burke.
CHOP Chop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chopped; p. pr. & vb. n. Chopping.] Etym: [Cf. LG. & D. kappen, Dan. kappe, Sw. kappa. Cf. Chap to crack.]
1. To cut by striking repeatedly with a sharp instrument; to cut into pieces; to mince; -- often with up.
2. To sever or separate by one more blows of a sharp instrument; to divide; -- usually with off or down. Chop off your hand, and it to the king. Shak.
3. To seize or devour greedily; -- with up. [Obs.] Upon the opening of his mouth he drops his breakfast, which the fox presently chopped up. L'estrange.
CHOP Chop, v. i.
1. To make a quick strike, or repeated strokes, with an ax or other sharp instrument.
2. To do something suddenly with an unexpected motion; to catch or attempt to seize. Out of greediness to get both, he chops at the shadow, and loses the substance. L'Estrange.
3. To interrupt; -- with in or out. This fellow interrupted the sermon, even suddenly chopping in. Latimer.
CHOP Chop, v. t. Etym: [Cf. D. koopen to buy. See Cheapen, v. t., and cf. Chap, v. i., to buy.]
1. To barter or truck.
2. To exchange; substitute one thing for another. We go on chopping and changing our friends. L'Estrange. To chop logic, to dispute with an affected use of logical terms; to argue sophistically.
CHOP Chop, v. i.
1. To purchase by way of truck.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: To vary or shift suddenly; as, the wind chops about.
3. To wrangle; to altercate; to bandy words. Let not the counsel at the bar chop with the judge. Bacon.
CHOP Chop, n.
Defn: A change; a vicissitude. Marryat.
CHOP Chop, v. t. & i.
Defn: To crack. See Chap, v. t. & i.
CHOP Chop, n.
1. The act of chopping; a stroke.
2. A piece chopped off; a slice or small piece, especially of meat; as, a mutton chop.
3. A crack or cleft. See Chap.
CHOP Chop, n. Etym: [See Chap.]
1. A jaw of an animal; -- commonly in the pl. See Chops.
2. A movable jaw or cheek, as of a wooden vise.
3. The land at each side of the mouth of a river, harbor, or channel; as, East Chop or West Chop. See Chops.
CHOP Chop, n. Etym: [Chin. & Hind. chap stamp, brand.]
1. Quality; brand; as, silk of the first chop.
2. A permit or clearance. Chop dollar, a silver dollar stamped to attest its purity. -- chop of tea, a number of boxes of the same make and quality of leaf. -- Chowchow chop. See under Chowchow. -- Grand chop, a ship's port clearance. S. W. Williams.
CHOPBOAT Chop"boat`, n. Etym: [Chin. chop sort, quality.]
Defn: A licensed lighter employed in the transportation of goods to and from vessels. [China] S. W. Williams.
CHOPCHURCH Chop"church`, n. Etym: [See Chop to barter.] (Old Eng. Law)
Defn: An exchanger or an exchange of benefices. [Cant]
CHOPFALLEN Chop`fall`en, a.
Defn: Having the lower chop or jaw depressed; hence, crestfallen; dejected; dispirited;downcast. See Chapfallen.
CHOPHOUSE Chop"house`, n.
Defn: A house where chops, etc., are sold; an eating house. The freedom of a chophouse. W. Irving.
CHOPHOUSE Chop"house`, n. Etym: [See Chop quality.]
Defn: A customhouse where transit duties are levied. [China] S. W. Williams.
CHOPIN Chop"in, n. Etym: [F. chopine, fr. G. schoppen.]
Defn: A liquid measure formerly used in France and Great Britain, varying from half a pint to a wine quart.
CHOPIN Chop"in, n.
Defn: See Chopine.
CHOPINE Cho*pine", n. Etym: [Cf. OF. chapin, escapin, Sp. chapin, Pg. chapim.]
Defn: A clog, or patten, having a very thick sole, or in some cases raised upon a stilt to a height of a foot or more. [Variously spelt chioppine, chopin, etc.] Your ladyship is nearer to heaven than when I saw you last, by the altitude of a chopine. Shak.
CHOP-LOGIC Chop"-log`ic, n.
Defn: One who bandies words or is very argunentative. [Jocular] Shak.
CHOPNESS Chop"ness, n.
Defn: A kind of spade. [Eng.]
CHOPPER Chop"per, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, chops.
CHOPPING Chop"ping, a. Etym: [Cf. Chubby.]
Defn: Stout or plump; large. [Obs.] Fenton.
CHOPPING Chop"ping, a. Etym: [See Chop to barter.]
Defn: Shifting or changing suddenly, as the wind; also, having tumbling waves dashing against each other; as, a chopping sea.
CHOPPING Chop"ping, n.
Defn: Act of cutting by strokes. Chopping block, a solid block of wood on which butchers and others chop meat, etc. -- Chopping knife, a knife for chopping or mincing meat, vegetables, etc.; -- usually with a handle at the back of the blade instead of at the end.
CHOPPY Chop"py, a. Etym: [Cf. Chappy.]
1. Full of cracks. "Choppy finger." Shak.
2. Etym: [Cf. Chop a change.]
Defn: Rough, with short, tumultuous waves; as, a choppy sea.
CHOPS Chops, n. pl. Etym: [See Chop a jaw.]
1. The jaws; also, the fleshy parts about the mouth.
2. The sides or capes at the mouth of a river, channel, harbor, or bay; as, the chops of the English Channel.
CHOPSTICK Chop"stick", n.
Defn: One of two small sticks of wood, ivory, etc., used by the Chinese and Japanese to convey food to the mouth.
CHOP SUEY; CHOP SOOY Chop su"ey or Chop soo"y . [Chin. (Cantonese) shap sui odds and ends, fr. shap for sap to enter the mouth + sui small bits pounded fine.]
Defn: A mélange served in Chinese restaurants to be eaten with rice, noodles, etc. It consists typically of bean sprouts, onions, mushrooms, etc., and sliced meats, fried and flavored with sesame oil. [U. S.]
CHORAGIC Cho*rag"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a choragus. Choragic monument, a building or column built by a victorious choragus for the reception and exhibition of the tripod which he received as a prize. Those of Lysicrates and Thrasyllus are still to be seen at Athens.
CHORAGUS Cho*ra"gus, n.; pl. Choragi. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)
Defn: A chorus leader; esp. one who provided at his own expense and under his own supervision one of the choruses for the musical contents at Athens.
CHORAL Cho"ral, a. Etym: [LL. choralis, fr. L. chorus. See Chorus.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to a choir or chorus; singing, sung, or adapted to be sung, in chorus or harmony. Choral service, a service of song.
CHORAL Cho"ral, n. (Mus.)
Defn: A hymn tune; a simple sacred tune, sung in unison by the congregation; as, the Lutheran chorals. [Sometimes written chorale.]
CHORALIST Cho"ral*ist, n.
Defn: A singer or composer of chorals.
CHORALLY Cho"ral*ly, adv.
Defn: In the manner of a chorus; adapted to be sung by a choir; in harmony.
CHORD Chord, n. Etym: [L chorda a gut, a string made of a gut, Gr. cord. See Cord.]
1. The string of a musical instrument. Milton.
2. (Mus.)
Defn: A combination of tones simultaneously performed, producing more or less perfect harmony, as, the common chord.
3. (Geom.)
Defn: A right line uniting the extremities of the arc of a circle or curve.
4. (Anat.)
Defn: A cord. See Cord, n., 4.
5. (Engin.)
Defn: The upper or lower part of a truss, usually horizontal, resisting compression or tension. Waddell. Accidental, Common, and Vocal chords. See under Accidental, Common, and Vocal. -- Chord of an arch. See Illust. of Arch. -- Chord of curvature, a chord drawn from any point of a curve, in the circle of curvature for that point. -- Scale of chords. See Scale.
CHORD Chord, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chorded; p. pr. & vb. n. Chording.]
Defn: To provide with musical chords or strings; to string; to tune. When Jubal struck the chorded shell. Dryden. Even the solitary old pine tree chords his harp. Beecher.
CHORD Chord, v. i. (Mus.)
Defn: To accord; to harmonize together; as, this note chords with that.
CHORDA Chor"da, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. chorda. See Chord.] (Anat.)
Defn: A cord. Chorda dorsalis (. Etym: [NL., lit., cord of the back.] (Anat.) See Notochord.
CHORDAL Chor"dal, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a chord.
CHORDATA Chor*da"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. chorda cord.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A comprehensive division of animals including all Vertebrata together with the Tunicata, or all those having a dorsal nervous cord.
CHORDEE Chor*dee", n. Etym: [F. cordé, cordée, p. p. of corder to cord.] (Med.)
Defn: A painful erection of the penis, usually with downward curvature, occurring in gonorrhea.
CHORE Chore, n. Etym: [The same word as char work done by the day.]
Defn: A small job; in the pl., the regular or daily light work of a household or farm, either within or without doors. [U. S.]
CHORE Chore, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chored; p. pr. & vb. n. Choring.]
Defn: To do chores. [U. S.]
CHORE Chore, n.
Defn: A choir or chorus. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
CHOREA Cho*re"a. n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)
Defn: St. Vitus's dance; a disease attended with convulsive twitchings and other involuntary movements of the muscles or limbs.
CHOREE Cho*ree", n. Etym: [F. chorée.]
Defn: See Choreus.
CHOREGRAPHIC; CHOREGRAPHICAL Cho`re*graph"ic, Cho`re*graph"ic*al, a.
Defn: Pertaining to choregraphy.
CHOREGRAPHY Cho*reg"ra*phy, n. Etym: [GR. -graphy.]
Defn: The art of representing dancing by signs, as music is represented by notes. Craig.
CHOREIC Cho*re"ic, a.
Defn: Of the nature of, or pertaining to, chorea; convulsive.
CHOREPISCOPAL Cho`re*pis"co*pal, a.
Defn: Pertaining to a chorepiscopus or his change or authority.
CHOREPISCOPUS Cho`re*pis"co*pus, n.; pl. Chorepiscopi. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Bishop.] (Eccl.)
Defn: A "country" or suffragan bishop, appointed in the ancient church by a diocesan bishop to exercise episcopal jurisdiction in a rural district.
CHOREUS; CHOREE Cho*re"us, Cho*ree" (, n. Etym: [L. choreus, Gr. chorée.] (Anc. Pros.) (a) a trochee. (b) A tribrach.
CHORIAMB Cho"ri*amb, n.; pl. Choriambs (.
Defn: Same as Choriambus.
CHORIAMBIC Cho`ri*am"bic, a. Etym: [L. choriambicus, gr.
Defn: Pertaining to a choriamb. -- n.
Defn: A choriamb.
CHORIAMBUS Cho`ri*am"bus, n.; pl. L. Choriambi, E. Choriambuses. Etym: [L. choriambus, Gr. (Anc. Pros.)
Defn: A foot consisting of four syllables, of which the first and last are long, and the other short (- ~ ~ -); that is, a choreus, or trochee, and an iambus united.
CHORIC Cho"ric, a. Etym: [L. choricus, Gr.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a chorus. I remember a choric ode in the Hecuba. Coleridge.
CHORION Cho"ri*on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
1. (Anat.) (a) The outer membrane which invests the fetus in the womb; also, the similar membrane investing many ova at certain stages of development. (b) The true skin, or cutis.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: The outer membrane of seeds of plants.
CHORISIS Cho"ri*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: The separation of a leaf or floral organ into two more parts.
Note: In collateral chorisis the parts are side by side. -- In parallel or median chorisis they are one in front of another.
CHORIST Cho"rist, n. Etym: [F. choriste.]
Defn: A singer in a choir; a chorister. [R.]
CHORISTER Chor"is*ter, n. Etym: [See Chorus.]
1. One of a choir; a singer in a chorus. Dryden.
2. One who leads a choir in church music. [U. S.]
CHORISTIC Cho*ris"tic, a.
Defn: Choric; choral. [R.]
CHOROGRAPH Cho"ro*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.]
Defn: An instrument for constructing triangles in marine surveying, etc.
CHOROGRAPHER Cho*rog"ra*pher, n.
1. One who describes or makes a map of a district or region. "The chorographers of Italy." Sir T. Browne.
2. A geographical antiquary; one who investigates the locality of ancient places.
CHOROGRAPHICAL Cho`ro*graph"ic*al, a.
Defn: Pertaining to chorography. -- Cho`ro*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.
CHOROGRAPHY Cho*rog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [L. chorographia, Gr.
Defn: the mapping or description of a region or district. The chorography of their provinces. Sir T. Browne.
CHOROID Cho"roid, a. Etym: [gr. (Anat.)
Defn: resembling the chorion; as, the choroid plexuses of the ventricles of the brain, and the choroid coat of the eyeball. -- n.
Defn: The choroid coat of the eye. See Eye. Choroid plexus (Anat.), one of the delicate fringelike processes, consisting almost entirely of blood vessels, which project into the ventricles of the brain.
CHOROIDAL Cho*roid"al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Pertaining to the choroid coat.
CHOROLOGY Cho*rol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.] (Biol.)
Defn: The science which treats of the laws of distribution of living organisms over the earth's surface as to latitude, altitude, locality, etc. Its distribution or chorology. Huxley.
CHOROMETRY Cho*rom"e*try, n. Etym: [Gr. -metry.]
Defn: The art of surveying a region or district.
CHORTLE Chor"tle, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Chortled; p. pr. & vb. n. Chor"tling.]
Defn: A word coined by Lewis Carroll (Charles L. Dodgson), and usually explained as a combination of chuckle and snort. [Humorous]
O frabjous day ! Callooh ! Callay ! He chortled in his joy. Lewis Carroll.
CHORUS Cho"rus, n.; pl. Choruses. Etym: [L., a dance in a ring, a dance accompanied with song; a chorus, a band of dancers and singers. Gr. Choir.]
1. (Antiq.)
Defn: A band of singers and dancers. The Grecian tragedy was at first nothing but a chorus of singers. Dryden.
2. (Gr. Drama)
Defn: A company of persons supposed to behold what passed in the acts of a tragedy, and to sing the sentiments which the events suggested in couplets or verses between the acts; also, that which was thus sung by the chorus. What the lofty, grave tragedians taught In chorus or iambic. Milton.
3. An interpreter in a dumb show or play. [Obs.]
4. (Mus.)
Defn: A company of singers singing in concert.
5. (Mus.)
Defn: A composition of two or more parts, each of which is intended to be sung by a number of voices.
6. (Mus.)
Defn: Parts of a song or hymn recurring at intervals, as at the end of stanzas; also, a company of singers who join with the singer or choir in singer or choir in singing such parts.
7. The simultaneous of a company in any noisy demonstration; as, a Chorus of shouts and catcalls.
CHORUS Cho"rus, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chorused; p. pr. & vb. n. Chorusing.]
Defn: To sing in chorus; to exclaim simultaneously. W. D. Howells.
CHOSE Chose, n.; pl. Choses. Etym: [F., fr. L. causa cause, reason. See Cause.] (Law)
Defn: A thing; personal property. Chose in action, a thing of which one has not possession or actual enjoyment, but only a right to it, or a right to demand it by action at law, and which does not exist at the time in specie; a personal right to a thing not reduced to possession, but recoverable by suit at law; as a right to recover money due on a contract, or damages for a tort, which can not be enforced against a reluctant party without suit. -- Chose in possession, a thing in possession, as distinguished from a thing in action. -- Chose local, a thing annexed to a place, as a mill. -- Chose transitory, a thing which is movable. Cowell. Blount.
CHOSE Chose,
Defn: imp. & p. p. of Choose.
CHOSEN Cho"sen, p. p. of Choose.
Defn: Selected from a number; picked out; choice. Seven hundred chosen men left-handed. Judg. xx. 16.
CHOSEN Cho"sen, n.
Defn: One who, or that which is the object of choice or special favor.
CHOU Chou, n.; pl. Choux (#). [F., fr. L. caulis stalk.]
1. A cabbage.
2. A kind of light pastry, usually in the form of a small round cake, and with a filling, as of jelly or cream.
3. A bunch, knot, or rosette of ribbon or other material, used as an ornament in women's dress.
CHOUAN Chou"an, n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: One of the royalist insurgents in western France (Brittany, etc.), during and after the French revolution.
CHOUGH Chough, n. Etym: [OE. choughe, kowe (and cf. OE. ca), fr. AS. ceó; cf. also D. kauw, OHG. chaha; perh. akin to E. caw. *22. Cf. Caddow.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A bird of the Crow family (Fregilus graculus) of Europe. It is of a black color, with a long, slender, curved bill and red legs; -- also called chauk, chauk-daw, chocard, Cornish chough, red-legged crow. The name is also applied to several allied birds, as the Alpine chough. Cornish chough (Her.), a bird represented black, with red feet, and beak; -- called also aylet and sea swallow.
CHOUICHA Chou"i*cha, n. Etym: [Native name] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The salmon of the Columbia River or California. See Quinnat.
CHOUKA Chou"ka, n. Etym: [Native name] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The Indian four-horned antelope; the chikara.
CHOULE Choule, n. [Obs.]
Defn: See Jowl. Sir W. Scott.
CHOULTRY Choul"try, n.
Defn: See Choltry.
CHOUSE Chouse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Choused; p. pr. & vb. n. Chousing.] Etym: [From Turk. cha\'d4sh a messenger or interpreter, one of whom, attached to the Turkish embassy, in 1609 cheated the Turkish merchants resident in England out of £4,000.]
Defn: To cheat, trick, defraud; -- followed by of, or out of; as, to chouse one out of his money. [Colloq.] The undertaker of the afore-cited poesy hath choused your highness. Landor.
CHOUSE Chouse, n.
1. One who is easily cheated; a tool; a simpleton; a gull. Hudibras.
2. A trick; sham; imposition. Johnson.
3. A swindler. B. Jonson.
CHOUT Chout, n. Etym: [Mahratta chauth one fourth part.]
Defn: An assessment equal to a fourth part of the revenue. [India] J. Mill.
CHOW Chow, n. [Chin chou.]
Defn: A prefecture or district of the second rank in China, or the chief city of such a district; -- often part of the name of a city, as in Foochow.
CHOWCHOW Chow"chow`, a. Etym: [Chin.]
Defn: Consisting of several kinds mingled together; mixed; as, chowchow sweetmeats (preserved fruits put together).
Chowchow chop, the last lighter containing the small sundry packages sent off to fill up a ship. S. W. Williams.
CHOWCHOW Chow"chow`, n. (Com.)
Defn: A kind of mixed pickles.
CHOWDER Chow"der, n. Etym: [F. chaudière a kettle, a pot. Cf. Caldron.]
1. (Cookery)
Defn: A dish made of fresh fish or clams, biscuit, onions, etc., stewed together.
2. A seller of fish. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Chowder beer, a liquor made by boiling black spruce in water and mixing molasses with the decoction.
CHOWDER Chow"der, v. t.
Defn: To make a chowder of.
CHOWRY Chow"ry, n. Etym: [Hind. chaunri.]
Defn: A whisk to keep off files, used in the East Indies. Malcom.
CHOWTER Chow"ter, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OE. chowre, and Prov. E. chow, to grumble.]
Defn: To grumble or mutter like a froward child. [Obs.] E. Phillips.
CHOY ROOT Choy" root`.
Defn: See Chay root.
CHREMATISTICS Chre`ma*tis"tics, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: The science of wealth; the science, or a branch of the science, of political economy.
CHREOTECHNICS Chre`o*tech"nics, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: The science of the useful arts, esp. agriculture, manufactures, and commerce. [R.]
CHRESTOMATHIC Chres`to*math"ic, a.
Defn: Teaching what is useful. "A chrestomathic school." Southey.
CHRESTOMATHY Chres*tom"a*thy, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: A selection of passages, with notes, etc., to be used in acquiring a language; as, a Hebrew chrestomathy.
CHRISM Chrism, n. Etym: [OE. crisme, from AS. crisma; also OE. creme, fr. OF. cresme, like the AS. word fr. LL. chrisma, fr. Gr. friare, fricare, to rub, Skr. gharsh, E. friable, friction. Cf. Chrisom.] (Gr. & R. C. Church
1. Olive oil mixed with balm and spices, consecrated by the bishop on Maundy Thursday, and used in the administration of baptism, confirmation, ordination, etc.
2. The same as Chrisom.
CHRISMAL Chris"mal, a. Etym: [LL. chrismalis.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to or used in chrism.
CHRISMATION Chris*ma"tion, n. Etym: [LL. chrismatio.]
Defn: The act of applying the chrism, or consecrated oil. Chrismation or cross-signing with ointment, was used in baptism. Jer. Taylor.
CHRISMATORY Chris"ma*to*ry, n. Etym: [LL. chrismatorium.]
Defn: A cruet or vessel in which chrism is kept.
CHRISOM Chris"om, n. Etym: [See Chrism.]
1. A white cloth, anointed with chrism, or a white mantle thrown over a child when baptized or christened. [Obs.]
2. A child which died within a month after its baptism; -- so called from the chrisom cloth which was used as a shroud for it. [Obs.] Blount.
CHRIST Christ, n. Etym: [L. Christus, Gr. chri`ein to anoint. See Chrism.]
Defn: The Anointed; an appellation given to Jesus, the Savior. It is synonymous with the Hebrew Messiah.
CHRISTCROSS Christ"cross`, n.
1. The mark of the cross, as cut, painted, written, or stamped on certain objects, -- sometimes as the sign of 12 o'clock on a dial. The fescue of the dial is upon the christcross of noon. Old Play. Nares.
2. The beginning and the ending. [Obs.] Quarles.
CHRISTCROSS-ROW Christ"cross-row`,
Defn: The alphabet; -- formerly so called, either from the cross usually set before it, or from a superstitious custom, sometimes practiced, of writing it in the form of a cross, by way of a charm. From infant conning of the Christcross-row. Wordsworth.
CHRISTEN Chris"ten, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Christened; p. pr. & vb. n. Christening.] Etym: [AS. cristnian to make a Christian, fr. cristen a Christian.]
1. To baptize and give a Christian name to.
2. To give a name; to denominate. "Christen the thing what you will." Bp. Burnet.
3. To Christianize. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
4. To use for the first time. [Colloq.]
CHRISTENDOM Chris"ten*dom, n. Etym: [AS. cristend; cristen a Christian + -dom.]
1. The profession of faith in Christ by baptism; hence, the Christian religion, or the adoption of it. [Obs.] Shak.
2. The name received at baptism; or, more generally, any name or appelation. [Obs.] Pretty, fond, adoptious christendoms. Shak.
3. That portion of the world in which Christianity prevails, or which is governed under Christian institutions, in distinction from heathen or Mohammedan lands. The Arian doctrine which then divided Christendom. Milton A wide and still widening Christendom. Coleridge.
4. The whole body of Christians. Hooker.
CHRISTIAN Chris"tian, n. Etym: [L. christianus, Gr. cristen. See Christ.]
1. One who believes, or professes or is assumed to believe, in Jesus Christ, and the truth as taught by Him; especially, one whose inward and outward life is conformed to the doctrines of Christ. The disciples were called Christians first in Antioch. Acts xi. 26.
2. One born in a Christian country or of Christian parents, and who has not definitely becomes an adherent of an opposing system.
3. (Eccl.) (a) One of a Christian denomination which rejects human creeds as bases of fellowship, and sectarian names. They are congregational in church government, and baptize by immersion. They are also called Disciples of Christ, and Campbellites. (b) One of a sect (called Christian Connection) of open-communion immersionists. The Bible is their only authoritative rule of faith and practice.
Note: In this sense, often pronounced, but not by the members of the sects, kris"chan.
CHRISTIAN Chris"tian, a.
1. Pertaining to Christ or his religion; as, Christian people.
3. Pertaining to the church; ecclesiastical; as, a Christian court. Blackstone.
4. Characteristic of Christian people; civilized; kind; kindly; gentle; beneficent. The graceful tact; the Christian art. Tennyson. Christian Commission. See under Commission. -- Christian court. Same as Ecclesiastical court. -- Christian era, the present era, commencing with the birth of Christ. It is supposed that owing to an error of a monk (Dionysius Exiguus, d. about 556) employed to calculate the era, its commencement was fixed three or four years too late, so that 1890 should be 1893 or 1894. -- Christian name, the name given in baptism, as distinct from the family name, or surname.
CHRISTIAN ERA Christian Era.
Defn: The era in use in all Christian countries, which was intended to commence with the birth of Christ. The era as now established was first used by Dionysius Exiguus (died about 540), who placed the birth of Christ on the 25th of December in the year of Rome 754, which year he counted as 1 a. d. This date for Christ's birth is now generally thought to be about four years too late.
CHRISTIANISM Chris`tian*ism, n. Etym: [L. christianismus, Gr. christianisme.]
1. The Christian religion. [Obs.] Milton.
2. The Christian world; Christendom. [Obs.] Johnson
CHRISTIANITE Chris"tian*ite, n. Etym: [In sense (a) named after Christian Frederic, of Denmark; in sense (b) after Christian VII., of Denmark.] (Min.) (a) Same as Anorthite. [R.] (b) See Phillipsite.
CHRISTIANITY Chris*tian"i*ty, n. Etym: [OE. cristiente, OF. cristienté, F. chrétienté, fr. L. christianitas. ]
1. The religion of Christians; the system of doctrines and precepts taught by Christ.
2. Practical conformity of one's inward and outward life to the spirit of the Christian religion
3. The body of Christian believers. [Obs.] To Walys fled the christianitee Of olde Britons. Chaucer.
CHRISTIANIZATION Chris`tian*i*za"tion, n.
Defn: The act or process of converting or being converted to a true Christianity.
CHRISTIANIZE Chris"tian*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Christianized (; p. pr. vb. n. Christianizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. christianiser, L. christianizare, fr. Gr.
1. To make Christian; to convert to Christianity; as, to Christianize pagans.
2. To imbue with or adapt to Christian principles. Christianized philosophers. I. Taylor.
CHRISTIANIZE Chris"tian*ize, v. i.
Defn: To adopt the character or belief of a Christian; to become Christian. The pagans began to Christianize. Latham.
CHRISTIANLIKE Chris"tian*like`, a.
Defn: Becoming to a Christian. A virtuous and a Christianlike conclusion. Shak.
CHRISTIANLY Chris"tian*ly, adv.
Defn: In a manner becoming the principles of the Christian religion. Sufferings . . . patiently and Christianly borne. Sharp.
CHRISTIANLY Chris"tian*ly, a.
Defn: Christianlike. Longfellow.
CHRISTIANNESS Chris"tian*ness, n.
Defn: Consonance with the doctrines of Christianity. [Obs.] Hammond.
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE Christian Science.
Defn: A system of healing disease of mind and body which teaches that all cause and effect is mental, and that sin, sickness, and death will be destroyed by a full understanding of the Divine Principle of Jesus' teaching and healing. The system was founded by Rev. Mary Baker Glover Eddy, of Concord, N. H., in 1866, and bases its teaching on the Scriptures as understood by its adherents.
CHRISTIAN SCIENTIST Christian Scientist.
Defn: A believer in Christian Science; one who practices its teachings.
CHRISTIAN SENECA Christian Seneca.
Defn: Joseph Hall (1574 -- 1656), Bishop of Norwich, a divine eminent as a moralist.
CHRISTIAN SOCIALISM Christian Socialism.
Defn: Any theory or system that aims to combine the teachings of Christ with the teachings of socialism in their applications to life; Christianized socialism; esp., the principles of this nature advocated by F. D. Maurice, Charles Kingsley, and others in England about 1850. -- Christian socialist.
CHRISTLESS Christ"less, a.
Defn: Without faith in Christ; unchristian. Tennyson.
CHRISTLIKE Christ"like`, a.
Defn: Resembling Christ in character, actions, etc. -- Christ"like`ness, n.
CHRISTLY Christ"ly, a.
Defn: Christlike. H. Bushnell.
CHRISTMAS Christ"mas, n. Etym: [Christ + mass.]
Defn: An annual church festival (December 25) and in some States a legal holiday, in memory of the birth of Christ, often celebrated by a particular church service, and also by special gifts, greetings, and hospitality. Christmas box. (a) A box in which presents are deposited at Christmas. (b) A present or small gratuity given to young people and servants at Christmas; a Christmas gift. -- Christmas carol, a carol sung at, or suitable for, Christmas. -- Christmas day. Same as Christmas. -- Christmas eve, the evening before Christmas. -- Christmas fern (Bot.), an evergreen North American fern (Aspidium acrostichoides), which is much used for decoration in winter. -- Christmas flower, Christmas rose, the black hellebore, a poisonous plant of the buttercup family, which in Southern Europe often produces beautiful roselike flowers midwinter. -- Christmas tree, a small evergreen tree, set up indoors, to be decorated with bonbons, presents, etc., and illuminated on Christmas eve.
CHRISTMASTIDE Christ"mas*tide`, n. Etym: [Christmas + tide time.]
Defn: The season of Christmas.
CHRISTOCENTRIC Chris"to*cen"tric, a. Etym: [Christ + centric.]
Defn: Making Christ the center, about whom all things are grouped, as in religion or history; tending toward Christ, as the central object of thought or emotion. J. W. Chadwick.
CHRISTOLOGY Chris*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Crist + -logy.]
Defn: A treatise on Christ; that department of theology which treats of the personality, attributes, or life of Christ.
CHRISTOM Chris"tom, n.
Defn: See Chrisom. [Obs.] Shak.
CHRISTOPHANY Chris*toph"a*ny, n. Etym: [Christ + Gr.
Defn: An appearance of Christ, as to his disciples after the crucifixion.
CHRIST'S-THORN Christ's-thorn`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: One of several prickly or thorny shrubs found in Palestine, especially the Paliurus aculeatus, Zizyphus Spina-Christi, and Z. vulgaris. The last bears the fruit called jujube, and may be considered to have been the most readily obtainable for the Crown of Thorns.
CHROMASCOPE Chro"ma*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]
Defn: An instrument for showing the optical effects of color.
CHROMATE Chro"mate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chromate. See Chrome.] (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of chromic acid.
CHROMATIC Chro*mat"ic, a. Etym: [L. chromaticus, Gr.
1. Relating to color, or to colors.
2. (Mus.)
Defn: Proceeding by the smaller intervals (half steps or semitones) of the scale, instead of the regular intervals of the diatonic scale.
Note: The intermediate tones were formerly written and printed in colors. Chromatic aberration. (Opt.) See Aberration, 4. -- Chromatic printing, printing from type or blocks covered with inks of various colors. -- Chromatic scale (Mus.), the scale consisting of thirteen tones, including the eight scale tones and the five intermediate tones.
CHROMATICAL Chro*mat"ic*al, a.
Defn: Chromatic. [Obs.]
CHROMATICALLY Chro*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.
Defn: In a chromatic manner.
CHROMATICS Chro*mat"ics, n.
Defn: The science of colors; that part of optics which treats of the properties of colors.
CHROMATIN Chro"ma*tin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)
Defn: Tissue which is capable of being stained by dyes.
CHROMATISM Chro"ma*tism, n. Etym: [Gr.
1. (Optics)
Defn: The state of being colored, as in the case of images formed by a lens.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: An abnormal coloring of plants.
CHROMATOGENOUS Chro`ma*tog"e*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. -genous.]
Defn: Producing color.
CHROMATOGRAPHY Chro`ma*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]
Defn: A treatise on colors
CHROMATOLOGY Chro`ma*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]
Defn: A treatise on colors.
CHROMATOPHORE Chro"ma*to*phore`, n. Etym: [Gr.
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A contractile cell or vesicle containing liquid pigment and capable of changing its form or size, thus causing changes of color in the translucent skin of such animals as possess them. They are highly developed and numerous in the cephalopods.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: One of the granules of protoplasm, which in mass give color to the part of the plant containing them.
CHROMATOSCOPE Chro"ma*to*scope`, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.] (Astron.)
Defn: A reflecting telescope, part of which is made to rotate eccentrically, so as to produce a ringlike image of a star, instead of a point; -- used in studying the scintillation of the stars.
CHROMATOSPHERE Chro"ma*to*sphere`, n.
Defn: A chromosphere. [R.]
CHROMATROPE Chro"ma*trope, n. Etym: [Gr.
1. (Physics)
Defn: An instrument for exhibiting certain chromatic effects of light (depending upon the persistence of vision and mixture of colors) by means of rapidly rotating disks variously colored.
2. A device in a magic lantern or stereopticon to produce kaleidoscopic effects.
CHROMATYPE Chro"ma*type, n. Etym: [Gr.
1. (Photog.)
Defn: A colored photographic picture taken upon paper made sensitive with potassium bichromate or some other salt of chromium.
2. The process by which such picture is made.
CHROME Chrome, n.
Defn: Same as Chromium. Chrome alum (Chem.), a dark violet substance, (SO4)3Cr2.K2SO4.24H2O, analogous to, and crystallizing like, common alum. It is regarded as a double sulphate of chromium and potassium. -- Chrome green (a) The green oxide of chromium, Cr2O3, used in enamel painting, and glass staining. (b) A pigment made by mixing chrome yellow with Prussian blue. -- Chrome red, a beautiful red pigment originally prepared from the basic chromate of lead, but now made from red oxide of lead. -- Chrome yellow, a brilliant yellow pigment, PbCrO4, used by painters.
CHROME STEEL Chrome steel.
Defn: Same as Chromium steel, under Steel.
CHROMIC Chro"mic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, chromium; -- said of the compounds of chromium in which it has its higher valence. Chromic acid, an acid, H2CrO4, analogous to sulphuric acid, not readily obtained in the free state, but forming well known salts, many of which are colored pigments, as chrome yellow, chrome red, etc. -- Chromic anhydride, a brilliant red crystalline substance, CrO3, regarded as the anhydride of chromic acid. It is one of the most powerful oxidizers known.
CHROMID Chro"mid, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the Chromidæ, a family of fresh-water fishes abundant in the tropical parts of America and Africa. Some are valuable food fishes, as the bulti of the Nile.
CHROMIDROSIS Chro`mi*dro"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)
Defn: Secretion of abnormally colored perspiration.
CHROMISM Chro"mism, n.
Defn: Same as Chromatism.
CHROMITE Chro"mite, n.
1. (Min.)
Defn: A black submetallic mineral consisting of oxide of chromium and iron; -- called also chromic iron.
2. (Chem.)
Defn: A compound or salt of chromous hydroxide regarded as an acid. [R.]
CHROMIUM Chro"mi*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Chem.)
Defn: A comparatively rare element occurring most abundantly in the mineral chromite. Atomic weight 52.5. Symbol Cr. When isolated it is a hard, brittle, grayish white metal, fusible with difficulty. Its chief commercial importance is for its compounds, as potassium chromate, lead chromate, etc., which are brilliantly colored and are used dyeing and calico printing. Called also chrome.
CHROMO Chro"mo, n.; pl. Chromos. Etym: [Abbrev. from chromolithograph.]
Defn: A chromolithograph.
CHROMOBLAST Chro"mo*blast, n. Etym: [Gr. -blast.]
Defn: An embryonic cell which develops into a pigment cell.
CHROMOGEN Chro"mo*gen, Etym: [Gr. -gen.]
1. (Biol.)
Defn: Vegetable coloring matter other than green; chromule.
2. (Chem.)
Defn: Any colored compound, supposed to contain one or more chromophores.
CHROMOGENIC Chro"mo*gen"ic, a. (Biol.)
Defn: Containing, or capable of forming, chromogen; as, chromogenic bacteria.
CHROMOGRAPH Chro"mo*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.]
Defn: An apparatus by which a number of copies of written matter, maps, plans, etc., can be made; -- called also hectograph.
CHROMOLEUCITE Chro`mo*leu"cite, n. Etym: [Gr. leucite.] (Bot.)
Defn: A chromoplastid.
CHROMOLITHOGRAPH Chro`mo*lith"o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. lithograph.]
Defn: A picture printed in tints and colors by repeated impressions from a series of stones prepared by the lithographic process.
CHROMOLITHOGRAPHER Chro`mo*li*thog"ra*pher, n.
Defn: One who is engaged in chromolithography.
CHROMOLITHOGRAPHIC Chro"mo*lith`o*graph"ic, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or made by, chromolithography.
CHROMOLITHOGRAPHY Chro"mo*li*thog"ra*phy, n.
Defn: Lithography adapted to printing in inks of various colors.
CHROMOPHANE Chro"mo*phane, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)
Defn: A general name for the several coloring matters, red, green, yellow, etc., present in the inner segments in the cones of the retina, held in solution by fats, and slowly decolorized by light; distinct from the photochemical pigments of the rods of the retina.
CHROMOPHORE Chro"mo*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)
Defn: Any chemical group or residue (as NO
CHROMOPHOTOGRAPH Chro`mo*pho"to*graph, n. [Gr. color + photograph.]
Defn: A picture made by any of the processes for reproducing photographs in colors. --Chro`mo*pho`to*graph"ic (#), a.
CHROMOPHOTOGRAPHY Chro`mo*pho*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. photography.]
Defn: The art of producing photographs in colors.
CHROMOPHOTOLITHOGRAPH Chro"mo*pho`to*lith"o*graph, n.
Defn: A photolithograph printed in colors.
CHROMOPLASTID Chro`mo*plas"tid, n. Etym: [Gr. plastid.] (Bot.)
Defn: A protoplasmic granule of some other color than green; -- also called chromoleucite.
CHROMOSOME Chro"mo*some`, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)
Defn: One of the minute bodies into which the chromatin of the nucleus is resolved during mitotic cell division; the idant of Weismann.
CHROMOSPHERE Chro"mo*sphere, n. Etym: [Gr. sphere.] (Astron.)
Defn: An atmosphere of rare matter, composed principally of incandescent hydrogen gas, surrounding the sun and enveloping the photosphere. Portions of the chromosphere are here and there thrown up into enormous tongues of flame.
CHROMOSPHERIC Chro`mo*spher"ic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to the chromosphere.
CHROMOTYPE Chro"mo*type, n. Etym: [Gr. -type.]
1. A sheet printed in colors by any process, as a chromolithograph. See Chromolithograph.
2. A photographic picture in the natural colors.
CHROMOUS Chro"mous, a.
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, chromium, when this element has a valence lower than that in chromic compounds. Chromous acid, a bluish gray powder, CrO.OH, of weak acid properties and regard as an acid.
CHROMULE Chro"mule, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: A general name for coloring matter of plants other than chlorophyll, especially that of petals.
CHRONIC Chron"ic, a. Etym: [L. chronicus, Gr. chronique.]
1. Relating to time; according to time.
2. Continuing for a long time; lingering; habitual. Chronic disease, one which is inveterate, of long continuance, or progresses slowly, in distinction from an acute disease, which speedly terminates.
CHRONICAL Chron"ic*al, a.
Defn: Chronic. Partly on a chronical, and partly on a topical method. J. A. Alexander.
CHRONICLE Chron"i*cle, n. Etym: [OE. cronicle, fr. cronique, OF. cronique, F. chronique, L. chronica, fr. Gr. Chronic.]
1. An historical register or account of facts or events disposed in the order of time.
2. A narrative of events; a history; a record.
3. pl.
Defn: The two canonical books of the Old Testament in which immediately follow 2 Kings.
Syn. - Register; record; annals. See History.
CHRONICLE Chron"i*cle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chronicled; p. pr. & vb. n. Chronicling.]
Defn: To record in a history or chronicle; to record; to register. Shak.
CHRONICLER Chron"i*cler, n.
Defn: A writer of a chronicle; a recorder of events in the order of time; an historian. Such an honest chronicler as Griffith. Shak.
CHRONIQUE Chro`nique", n. Etym: [F. See Chronicle.]
Defn: A chronicle. L. Addison.
CHRONOGRAM Chron"o*gram, n. Etym: [Gr. chronogramme.]
1. An inscription in which certain numeral letters, made to appear specially conspicuous, on being added together, express a particular date or epoch, as in the motto of a medal struck by Gustavus Adolphus in 1632: ChrIstVs DVX; ergo trIVMphVs. - the capitals of which give, when added as numerals, the sum 1632.
2. The record or inscription made by a chronograph.
CHRONOGRAMMATIC; CHRONOGRAMMATICAL Chron`o*gram*mat"ic, Chron`o*gram*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. chronogrammatique.]
Defn: Belonging to a chronogram, or containing one.
CHRONOGRAMMATIST Chron`o*gram"ma*tist, n.
Defn: A writer of chronograms.
CHRONOGRAPH Chron"o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph: cf. F. chronographe.]
1. An instrument for measuring or recording intervals of time, upon a revolving drum or strip of paper moved by clockwork. The action of the stylus or pen is controlled by electricity.
2. Same as Chronogram, 1. [R.]
3. A chronoscope.
CHRONOGRAPHER Chro*nog"ra*pher, n.
Defn: One who writes a chronography; a chronologer. Tooke.
CHRONOGRAPHIC Chron`o*graph"ic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a chronograph.
CHRONOGRAPHY Chro*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. Chronograph.]
Defn: A description or record of past time; history. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
CHRONOLOGER Chro*nol"o*ger, n.
Defn: Same as Chronologist.
CHRONOLOGIC; CHRONOLOGICAL Chron`o*log"ic, Chron`o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: Relating to chronology; containing an account of events in the order of time; according to the order of time; as, chronological tables. Raleigh. -- Chron`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.
CHRONOLOGIST; CHRONOLOGER Chro*nol"o*gist, Chro*nol"o*ger, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: A person who investigates dates of events and transactions; one skilled in chronology. That learned noise and dust of the chronologist is wholly to be avoided. Locke. THe most exact chronologers tell us that Christ was born in October, and not in December. John Knox.
CHRONOLOGY Chro*nol"o*gy, n.; pl. Chronologies. Etym: [Gr. chronologie.]
Defn: The science which treats of measuring time by regular divisions or periods, and which assigns to events or transactions their proper dates. If history without chronology is dark and confused, chronology without history is dry and insipid. A. Holmes.
CHRONOMETER Chro*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. chronomètre.]
1. An instrument for measuring time; a timekeeper.
2. A portable timekeeper, with a heavy compensation balance, and usually beating half seconds; -- intended to keep time with great accuracy for use an astronomical observations, in determining longitude, etc.
3. (Mus.)
Defn: A metronome. Box chronometer. See under Box. -- Pocket chronometer, a chronometer in the form of a large watch. -- To rate a chronometer. See Rate, v. t.
CHRONOMETRIC; CHRONOMETRICAL Chron`o*met"ric, Chron`o*met"ric*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. chronométrique.]
Defn: Pertaining to a chronometer; measured by a chronometer.
CHRONOMETRY Chro*nom"e*try, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chronométrie.]
Defn: The art of measuring time; the measuring of time by periods or divisions.
CHRONOPHER Chron"o*pher, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: An instrument signaling the correct time to distant points by electricity.
CHRONOPHOTOGRAPH Chron`o*pho"to*graph, n. [Gr. time + photograph.]
Defn: One of a set of photographs of a moving object, taken for the purpose of recording and exhibiting successive phases of the motion. --Chron`o*pho*tog"ra*phy, n.
CHRONOSCOPE Chron"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]
Defn: An instrument for measuring minute intervals of time; used in determining the velocity of projectiles, the duration of short-lived luminous phenomena, etc.
CHRYSALID Chrys"a*lid, a.
Defn: Pertaining to a chrysalis; resembling a chrysalis.
CHRYSALID Chrys"a*lid, n.; pl. Chrysalids.
Defn: See Chrysalis.
CHRYSALIS Chrys"a*lis, n.; pl. Chrysalides. Etym: [L. chrysallis the gold- colored pupa of butterflies, Gr. Aurelia.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The pupa state of certain insects, esp. of butterflies, from which the perfect insect emerges. See Pupa, and Aurelia (a).
CHRYSANILINE Chrys*an"i*line, n. Etym: [Gr. anilene.] (Chem.)
Defn: A yellow substance obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of rosaniline. It dyes silk a fine golden-yellow color.
CHRYSANTHEMUM Chrys*an"the*mum, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of composite plants, mostly perennial, and of many species including the many varieties of garden chrysanthemums (annual and perennial), and also the feverfew and the oxeye daisy.
CHRYSAROBIN Chrys`a*ro"bin, n. Etym: [Gr. araroba a foreign name of Goa powder + -in.] (Chem.)
Defn: A bitter, yellow substance forming the essential constituent of Goa powder, and yielding chrysophanic acid proper; hence formerly called also chrysphanic acid.
CHRYSAURIN Chrys*au"rin, n. Etym: [Gr. aurum gold. So called from its color.]
Defn: An orange-colored dyestuff, of artificial production.
CHRYSELEPHANTINE Chrys`el*e*phan"tine, a. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: Composed of, or adorned with, gold and ivory.
Note: The chryselephantine statues of the Greeks were built up with inferior materials, veneered, as it were, with ivory for the flesh, and gold decorated with color for the hair and garments.
CHRYSENE Chry"sene, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)
Defn: One of the higher aromatic hydrocarbons of coal tar, allied to napthalene and anthracene. It is a white crystalline substance, C18H12, of strong blue fluorescence, but generally colored yellow by impurities.
CHRYSOBERYL Chrys"o*ber`yl, n. Etym: [L. chrysoberyllus, Gr. (Min.)
Defn: A mineral, found in crystals, of a yellow to green or brown color, and consisting of aluminia and glucina. It is very hard, and is often used as a gem.
CHRYSOCHLORE Chrys"o*chlore, n. Etym: [Gr. chrysochlore.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A South African mole of the genus Chrysochloris; the golden mole, the fur of which reflects brilliant metallic hues of green and gold.
CHRYSOCOLLA Chrys"o*col`la, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Min.)
Defn: A hydrous silicate of copper, occurring massive, of a blue or greenish blue color.
CHRYSOGEN Chrys"o*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Chem.)
Defn: A yellow crystalline substance extracted from crude anthracene.
CHRYSOGRAPHY Chry*sog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr.
1. The art of writing in letters of gold.
2. A writing executed in letters of gold.
CHRYSOIDINE Chrys*o"ï*dine, n. Etym: [Gr. -oid + -ine.] (Chem.)
Defn: An artificial, yellow, crystalline dye, C6H5N2.C6H3(NH2)2. Also, one of a group of dyestuffs resembling chrysoïdine proper.
CHRYSOLITE Chrys"o*lite, n. Etym: [L. chrysolithos, Gr. chrysolithe.] (Min.)
Defn: A mineral, composed of silica, magnesia, and iron, of a yellow to green color. It is common in certain volcanic rocks; -- called also olivine and peridot. Sometimes used as a gem. The name was also early used for yellow varieties of tourmaline and topaz.
CHRYSOLOGY Chry*sol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]
Defn: That branch of political economy which relates to the production of wealth.
CHRYSOPA Chrys*o"pa, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of neuropterous insects. See Lacewing.
CHRYSOPHANE Chrys"o*phane, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)
Defn: A glucoside extracted from rhubarb as a bitter, yellow, crystalline powder, and yielding chrysophanic acid on decomposition.
CHRYSOPHANIC Chrys`o*phan"ic, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, or resembling, chrysophane. Chrysophanic acid (Chem.), a yellow crystalline substance extracted from rhubarb, yellow dock, sienna, chrysarobin, etc., and shown to be a derivative of an anthracene. It is used in the treatment of skin diseases; -- called also rhein, rheic acid, rhubarbarin, etc.
CHRYSOPRASE Chrys"o*prase, n. Etym: [OE. crisopace, OF. crisoprace, F. chrysoprase, L. chrysoprasus, fr. Gr. (Min.)
Defn: An apple-green variety of chalcedony, colored by nickel. It has a dull flinty luster, and is sometimes used in jewelry.
CHRYSOPRASUS Chry*sop"ra*sus, n. Etym: [L.]
Defn: See Chrysoprase. Rev. xxi. 20.
CHRYSOSPERM Chrys"o*sperm, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: The seed of gold; a means of creating gold. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
CHRYSOTYPE Chrys"o*type, n. Etym: [Gr. -type.]
1. A photographic picture taken upon paper prepared by the use of a sensitive salt of iron and developed by the application of chloride of gold. Abney.
2. 2process, invented by Sir J.Herschel.
CHTHONIAN Chtho"ni*an, a. [Gr. in or under the earth, fr. , , earth.]
Defn: Designating, or pertaining to, gods or spirits of the underworld; esp., relating to the underworld gods of the Greeks, whose worship is widely considered as more primitive in form than that of the Olympian gods. The characteristics of chthonian worship are propitiatory and magical rites and generalized or euphemistic names of the deities, which are supposed to have been primarily ghosts.
CHTHONIC Chthon"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: Pertaining to the earth; earthy; as, chthonic religions. [The] chthonic character of the wife of Zeus. Max Müller.
CHTHONOPHAGIA; CHTHONOPHAGY Chthon`o*pha"gi*a, Chtho*noph"a*gy, n. Etym: [NL. chthonophagia; Gr.
Defn: A disease characterized by an irresistible desire to eat earth, observed in some parts of the southern United States, the West Indies, etc.
CHUB Chub, n. Etym: [This word seems to signify a large or thick fish. Cf. Sw. kubb a short and thick piece of wood, and perh. F. chabot chub.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A species to fresh-water fish of the Cyprinidæ or Carp family. The common European species is Leuciscus cephalus; the cheven. In America the name is applied to various fishes of the same family, of the genera Semotilus, Squalius, Ceratichthys, etc., and locally to several very different fishes, as the tautog, black bass, etc. Chub mackerel (Zoöl.), a species of mackerel (Scomber colias) in some years found in abundance on the Atlantic coast, but absent in others; -- called also bull mackerel, thimble-eye, and big-eye mackerel. -- Chub sucker (Zoöl.), a fresh-water fish of the United States (Erimyzon sucetta); -- called also creekfish.
CHUBBED Chub"bed, a.
Defn: Chubby. [R.] H. Brooke.
CHUBBEDNESS Chub"bed*ness, n.
Defn: The state of being chubby.
CHUBBY Chub"by, a.
Defn: Like a chub; plump, short, and thick. "Chubby faces." I. Taylor.
CHUB-FACED Chub"-faced`, a.
Defn: Having a plump, short face.
CHUCK Chuck, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chucked; p. pr. & vb. n. Chucking.] Etym: [Imitative of the sound.]
1. To make a noise resembling that of a hen when she calls her chickens; to cluck.
2. To chuckle; to laugh. [R.] Marston.
CHUCK Chuck, v. t.
Defn: To call, as a hen her chickens. Dryden.
CHUCK Chuck, n.
1. The chuck or call of a hen.
2. A sudden, small noise.
3. A word of endearment; -- corrupted from chick. "Pray, chuck, come hither." Shak.
CHUCK Chuck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chucked; p. pr. & vb. n. Chucking.] Etym: [F. choquer to strike. Cf. Shock, v. t.]
1. To strike gently; to give a gentle blow to. Chucked the barmaid under the chin. W. Irving.
2. To toss or throw smartly out of the hand; to pitch. [Colloq.] "Mahomet Ali will just be chucked into the Nile." Lord Palmerson.
3. (Mech.)
Defn: To place in a chuck, or hold by means of a chuck, as in turning; to bore or turn (a hole) in a revolving piece held in a chuck.
CHUCK Chuck, n.
1. A slight blow or pat under the chin.
2. A short throw; a toss.
3. (Mach.)
Defn: A contrivance or machine fixed to the mandrel of a lathe, for holding a tool or the material to be operated upon.
Chuck farthing, a play in which a farthing is pitched into a hole; pitch farthing. -- Chuck hole, a deep hole in a wagon rut. -- Elliptic chuck, a chuck having a silder and an eccentric circle, which, as the work turns round, give it a sliding motion across the center which generates an ellipse. Knight.
CHUCK Chuck, n.
1. A small pebble; -- called also chuckstone and chuckiestone. [Scot.]
2. pl.
Defn: A game played with chucks, in which one or more are tossed up and caught; jackstones. [Scot.]
CHUCK Chuck, n.
Defn: A piece of the backbone of an animal, from between the neck and the collar bone, with the adjoining parts, cut for cooking; as, a chuck steak; a chuck roast. [Colloq.]
CHUCKLE Chuc"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chuckled; p. pr. & vb. n. Chuckling.] Etym: [From lst Chuck.]
1. To call, as a hen her chickens; to cluck. [Obs.] Dryden.
2. To fondle; to cocker. [Obs.] Dryden.
CHUCKLE Chuc"kle, n.
Defn: A short, suppressed laugh; the expression of satisfaction, exultation, or derision.
CHUCKLE Chuc"kle, v. i. Etym: [From lst Chuck.]
Defn: To laugh in a suppressed or broken manner, as expressing inward satisfaction, exultation, or derision.
CHUCKLEHEAD Chuc"kle*head`, n.
Defn: A person with a large head; a numskull; a dunce. [Low] Knowles.
CHUCKLEHEADED Chuc"kle*head`ed, a.
Defn: Having a large head; thickheaded; dull; stupid. Smart.
CHUCK-WILL'S-WIDOW Chuck`-Will's-wid"ow, n. (Zool.)
Defn: A species of goatsucker (Antrostomus Carolinensis), of the southern United States; -- so called from its note.
CHUD Chud, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Chew, Cud.]
Defn: To champ; to bite. [Obs.] A. Stafford.
CHUET Chu"et, n. Etym: [From Chew, v. t.]
Defn: Minced meat. [Obs.] Bacon.
CHUFA Chu"fa, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Bot.)
Defn: A sedgelike plant (Cyperus esculentus) producing edible tubers, native about the Mediterranean, now cultivated in many regions; the earth almond.
CHUFF Chuff, n. Etym: [Perh. a modification of chub: cf. W. cyff stock, stump.]
Defn: A coarse or stupid fellow. Shak.
CHUFF Chuff, a.
Defn: Stupid; churlish. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.
CHUFFILY Chuff"i*ly, adv.
Defn: Clownishly; surlily.
CHUFFINESS Chuff"i*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being chuffy.
CHUFFY Chuff"y, a.
1. Fat or puffed out in the cheeks.
2. Rough; clownish; surly.
CHULAN Chu"lan, n. (Bot.)
Defn: The fragrant flowers of the Chloranthus inconspicuus, used in China for perfuming tea.
CHUM Chum, n. Etym: [Perh. a contraction fr. comrade or chamber fellow: cf. also AS. cuma a comer, guest.]
Defn: A roommate, especially in a college or university; an old and intimate friend.
CHUM Chum, v. i. [imp. p. p. Chummed; p. pr. & vb. n. Chumming.]
Defn: To occupy a chamber with another; as, to chum together at college. [U. S.]
CHUM Chum, n.
Defn: Chopped pieces of fish used as bait. [U. S.]
CHUMP Chump, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. kumbr a chopping, E. chop.]
Defn: A short, thick, heavy piece of wood. Morton. Chump end, the thick end; as, the chump end of a joint of meat. Dickens.
CHUNAM Chu*nam", n. Etym: [Hind. chuna, from Skr. curna powder, dust; or a Dravidian word.]
Defn: Quicklime; also, plaster or mortar. [India] Whitworth.
CHUNK Chunk, n. Etym: [Cf. Chump.]
Defn: A short, thick piece of anything. [Colloq. U. S. & Prov. Eng.]
CHUNKY Chunk"y, a.
Defn: Short and thick. [U. S.] Kane.
CHUPATTY Chu*pat"ty, n.; pl. -ties (#). [Hind. chapati.]
Defn: A kind of griddlecake of unleavened bread, used among the natives of India. [Anglo-Indian]
CHUPRASSY; CHUPRASSIE Chu*pras"sy Chu*pras"sie, n. [Hind. chaprassi, fr. chapras badge.]
Defn: A messenger or servant wearing an official badge. [Anglo- Indian]
CHURCH Church, n. Etym: [OE. chirche, chireche, cherche, Scot. kirk, from AS. circe, cyrice; akin to D. kerk, Icel. kirkja, Sw. kyrka, Dan. kirke, G. kirche, OHG. chirihha; all fr. Gr. ç\'d4ra hero, Zend. çura strong, OIr. caur, cur, hero. Cf. Kirk.]
1. A building set apart for Christian worship.
2. A Jewish or heathen temple. [Obs.] Acts xix. 37.
3. A formally organized body of Christian believers worshiping together. "When they had ordained them elders in every church." Acts xiv. 23.
4. A body of Christian believers, holding the same creed, observing the same rites, and acknowledging the same ecclesiastical authority; a denomination; as, the Roman Catholic church; the Presbyterian church.
5. The collective body of Christians.
6. Any body of worshipers; as, the Jewish church; the church of Brahm.
7. The aggregate of religious influences in a community; ecclesiastical influence, authority, etc.; as, to array the power of the church against some moral evil. Remember that both church and state are properly the rulers of the people, only because they are their benefactors. Bulwer.
Note: Church is often used in composition to denote something belonging or relating to the church; as, church authority; church history; church member; church music, etc. Apostolic church. See under Apostolic. -- Broad church. See Broad Church. -- Catholic or Universal church, the whole body of believers in Christ throughout the world. -- Church of England, or English church, the Episcopal church established and endowed in England by law. -- Church living, a benefice in an established church. -- Church militant. See under Militant. -- Church owl (Zoöl.), the white owl. See Barn owl. -- Church rate, a tax levied on parishioners for the maintenance of the church and its services. -- Church session. See under Session. -- Church triumphant. See under Triumphant. -- Church work, work on, or in behalf of, a church; the work of a particular church for the spread of religion. -- Established church, the church maintained by the civil authority; a state church.
CHURCH Church, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Churched; p. pr. & vb. n. Churching.]
Defn: To bless according to a prescribed form, or to unite with in publicly returning thanks in church, as after deliverance from the dangers of childbirth; as, the churching of women.
CHURCH-ALE Church"-ale`, n.
Defn: A church or parish festival (as in commemoration of the dedication of a church), at which much ale was used. Wright. Nares.
CHURCH-BENCH Church"-bench`, n.
Defn: A seat in the porch of a church. Shak.
CHURCHDOM Church"dom, n.
Defn: The institution, government, or authority of a church. [R.] Bp. Pearson.
CHURCHGOER Church"go`er, n.
Defn: One who attends church.
CHURCHGOING Church"go`ing, a.
1. Habitually attending church.
2. Summoning to church. The sound of the churchgoing bell. Cowper.
CHURCH-HAW Church"-haw`, n. Etym: [Church + haw a yard.]
Defn: Churchyard. [Obs.] Chaucer.
CHURCHISM Church"ism, n.
Defn: Strict adherence to the forms or principles of some church organization; sectarianism.
CHURCHLESS Church"less, a.
Defn: Without a church. T. Fuller.
CHURCHLIKE Church"like`, a.
Defn: Befitting a church or a churchman; becoming to a clergyman. Shak.
CHURCHLINESS Church"li*ness, n.
Defn: Regard for the church.
CHURCHLY Church"ly, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or suitable for, the church; ecclesiastical.
CHURCHMAN Church"man, n.; pl. Churchmen.
1. An ecclesiastic or clergyman.
2. An Episcopalian, or a member of the Established Church of England. "A zealous churchman." Macaulay.
3. One was is attached to, or attends, church.
CHURCHMANLY Church"man*ly, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or becoming, a churchman. Milman.
CHURCHMANSHIP Church"man*ship, n.
Defn: The state or quality of being a churchman; attachment to the church.
CHURCH MODES Church" modes`. (Mus.)
Defn: The modes or scales used in ancient church music. See Gregorian.
CHURCHSHIP Church"ship, n.
Defn: State of being a church. South.
CHURCHWARDEN Church"ward`en, n.
1. One of the officers (usually two) in an Episcopal church, whose duties vary in different dioceses, but always include the provision of what is necessary for the communion service.
2. A clay tobacco pipe, with a long tube. [Slang, Eng.] There was a small wooden table placed in front of the smoldering fire, with decanters, a jar of tobacco, and two long churchwardens. W. Black.
CHURCHWARDENSHIP Church"ward`en*ship, n.
Defn: The office of a churchwarden.
CHURCHY Church"y, a.
Defn: Relating to a church; unduly fond of church forms. [Colloq.]
CHURCHYARD Church"yard`, n.
Defn: The ground adjoining a church, in which the dead are buried; a cemetery. Like graves in the holy churchyard. Shak.
Syn. -- Burial place; burying ground; graveyard; necropolis; cemetery; God's acre.
CHURL Churl, n. Etym: [AS. ceorl a freeman of the lowest rank, man, husband; akin to D. karel, kerel, G. kerl, Dan. & Sw. karl, Icel. karl, and to the E. proper name Charles (orig., man, male), and perh. to Skr. jara lover. Cf. Carl, Charles's Wain.]
1. A rustic; a countryman or laborer. "A peasant or churl." Spenser. Your rank is all reversed; let men of cloth Bow to the stalwart churls in overalls. Emerson.
2. A rough, surly, ill-bred man; a boor. A churl's courtesy rarely comes, but either for gain or falsehood. Sir P. Sidney.
3. A selfish miser; an illiberal person; a niggard. Like to some rich churl hoarding up his pelf. Drayton.
CHURL Churl, a.
Defn: Churlish; rough; selfish. [Obs.] Ford.
CHURLISH Churl"ish, a.
1. Like a churl; rude; cross-grained; ungracious; surly; illiberal; niggardly. "Churlish benefits." Ld. Burleigh. Half mankind maintain a churlish strife. Cowper.
2. Wanting pliancy; unmanageable; unyielding; not easily wrought; as, a churlish soil; the churlish and intractable nature of some minerals. Boyle.
CHURLISHLY Churl"ish*ly, adv.
Defn: In a churlish manner.
CHURLISHNESS Churl"ish*ness, n.
Defn: Rudeness of manners or temper; lack of kindness or courtesy.
CHURLY Churl"y, a.
Defn: Rude; churlish; violent. Longfellow.
CHURME; CHIRM Churme, Chirm, n. Etym: [See Chirm.]
Defn: Clamor, or confused noise; buzzing. [Obs.] The churme of a thousand taunts and reproaches. Bacon.
CHURN Churn, n. Etym: [OE. chirne, cherne, AS. ceren, cyrin; akin to D. karn, Dan. kierne. See Churn, v. t.]
Defn: A vessel in which milk or cream is stirred, beaten, or otherwise agitated (as by a plunging or revolving dasher) in order to separete the oily globules from the other parts, and obtain butter.
CHURN Churn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Churned; p. pr. & vb. n. Churning.] Etym: [OE. chernen, AS. cernan; akin to LG. karnen, G. kernen, D. karnen, Dan. kierne, Sw. kärna, and also to E. corn, kernel, the meaning coming from the idea of extracting the kernel or marrow. See Kernel.]
1. To stir, beat, or agitate, as milk or cream in a churn, in order to make butter.
2. To shake or agitate with violence. Churned in his teeth, the foamy venom rose. Addison.
CHURN Churn, v. i.
Defn: To perform the operation of churning.
CHURNING Churn"ing, n.
1. The act of one who churns.
2. The quantity of butter made at one operation.
CHURR Churr, n. [Cf. Chirr.]
Defn: A vibrant or whirring noise such as that made by some insects, as the cockchafer, or by some birds, as the nightjar, the partridge, etc.
CHURR Churr, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Churred; p. pr. & vb. n. Churr"ing.]
Defn: To make a churr, as a cockchafer.
That's the churring of the nightjar. Hall Caine.
CHURR Churr, v. t.
Defn: To utter by churring.
CHURRUS Chur"rus, n. Etym: [Hind. charas.]
Defn: A powerfully narcotic and intoxicating gum resin which exudes from the flower heads, seeds, etc., of Indian hemp.
CHURRWORM Churr"worm`, n. Etym: [AS. cyrran, cerran, to turn.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: An insect that turns about nimbly; the mole cricket; -- called also fan cricket. Johnson.
CHUSE Chuse, v. t.
Defn: See Choose. [Obs.]
CHUTE Chute, n. Etym: [F. chute, prop. a fall.]
1. A framework, trough, or tube, upon or through which objects are made to slide from a higher to a lower level, or through which water passes to a wheel.
2. See Shoot.
CHUTNEY; CHUTNEE Chut"ney, Chut"nee, n. Etym: [Hind. chatni.]
Defn: A warm or spicy condiment or pickle made in India, compounded of various vegetable substances, sweets, acids, etc.
CHYLACEOUS Chy*la"ceous, a. (Physiol.)
Defn: Possessed of the properties of chyle; consisting of chyle.
CHYLAQUEOUS Chy*la"que*ous, a. Etym: [Chyle + aqueous.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Consisting of chyle much diluted with water; -- said of a liquid which forms the circulating fluid of some inferior animals.
CHYLE Chyle, n. Etym: [NL. chylus, Gr. chyle; prob. akin to E. fuse to melt.] (Physiol.)
Defn: A milky fluid containing the fatty matter of the food in a state of emulsion, or fine mechanical division; formed from chyme by the action of the intestinal juices. It is absorbed by the lacteals, and conveyed into the blood by the thoracic duct.
CHYLIFACTION Chyl`i*fac"tion, n. Etym: [Chyle + L. facere to make.] (Physiol.)
Defn: The act or process by which chyle is formed from food in animal bodies; chylification, -- a digestive process.
CHYLIFACTIVE Chyl`i*fac"tive, a. (Physiol.)
Defn: Producing, or converting into, chyle; having the power to form chyle.
CHYLIFEROUS Chy*lif"er*ous, a.
Defn: [Chyle + -ferous: cf. F. chylifère.] (Physiol.) Transmitting or conveying chyle; as, chyliferous vessels.
CHYLIFIC Chy*lif"ic, a.
Defn: Chylifactive.
CHYLIFICATION Chyl`i*fi*ca"tion, n. (Physiol.)
Defn: The formation of chyle. See Chylifaction.
CHYLIFICATORY Chy*lif"i*ca*to*ry ( or ), a.
Defn: Chylifactive.
CHYLIFY Chy"li*fy, v. t. & i. Etym: [Chyle + -ly.] (Physiol.)
Defn: To make chyle of; to be converted into chyle.
CHYLOPOETIC Chy`lo*po*et"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. chylopoiei^n to make into juice, chylo`s juice, chyle + poiei^n to make.] (Physiol.)
Defn: Concerned in the formation of chyle; as, the chylopoetic organs.
CHYLOUS Chy"lous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. chyleux.] (Physiol.)
Defn: Consisting of, or similar to, chyle.
CHYLURIA Chy*lu"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. from Gr. (Med.)
Defn: A morbid condition in which the urine contains chyle or fatty matter, giving it a milky appearance.
CHYME Chyme, n. Etym: [L. chymus chyle, Gr. chyme. See Chyle.] (Physiol.)
Defn: The pulpy mass of semi-digested food in the small intestines just after its passage from the stomach. It is separated in the intestines into chyle and excrement. See Chyle.
CHYMIC; CHYMIST; CHYMISTRY Chym"ic, Chym"ist, Chym"is*try. [Obs.]
Defn: See Chemic, Chemist, Chemistry.
CHYMIFEROUS Chy*mif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Chyme + -ferous.] (Physiol.)
Defn: Bearing or containing chyme.
CHYMIFICATION Chym`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Chyme + L. facere to make: cf. F. Chymification.] (Physiol.)
Defn: The conversion of food into chyme by the digestive action of gastric juice.
CHYMIFY Chym"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [Chyme + -fy: cf. F. chymifier.] (Physiol.)
Defn: To form into chyme.
CHYMOUS Chy"mous, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to chyme.
CHYOMETER Chy*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Chem.)
Defn: An instrument for measuring liquids. It consists of a piston moving in a tube in which is contained the liquid, the quantity expelled being indicated by the graduation upon the piston rod.
CIBARIOUS Ci*ba"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. cibaruus, fr. cibus food.]
Defn: Pertaining to food; edible. Johnson.
CIBATION Ci*ba"tion, n. Etym: [L. cibatio, fr. cibare to feed.]
1. The act of taking food.
2. (Alchemy)
Defn: The process or operation of feeding the contents of the crucilbe with fresh material. B. Jonson.
CIBOL Cib"ol, n. Etym: [F. ciboule, LL. cepula, cepola, dim. of L. cepa, caepa, caepe, an onion. Cf. Chibbal, Cives.]
Defn: A perennial alliaceous plant (Allium fistulosum), sometimes called Welsh onion. Its fistular leaves areused in cookery.
CIBORIUM Ci*bo"ri*um, n.: pl. Ciboria. Etym: [LL., fr. L. ciborium a cup, fr. Gr.
1. (Arch.)
Defn: A canopy usually standing free and supported on four columns, covering the high altar, or, very rarely, a secondary altar.
2. (R. C. Ch.)
Defn: The coffer or case in which the host is kept; the pyx.
CICADA Ci*ca"da, n.; pl. E. Cicadas, L. Cicadæ. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any species of the genus Cicada. They are large hemipterous insects, with nearly transparent wings. The male makes a shrill sound by pecular organs in the under side of the abdomen, consisting of a pair of stretched membranes, acted upon by powerful muscles. A noted American species (C. septendecim) is called the seventeen year locust. Another common species is the dogday cicada.
CICALA Ci*ca"la, n. Etym: [It., fr. L. cicada.]
Defn: A cicada. See Cicada. "At eve a dry cicala sung." Tennison.
CICATRICE Cic"a*trice, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. cicatrix.]
Defn: A cicatrix.
CICATRICIAL Cic`a*tri"cial, a. (Med.)
Defn: Relating to, or having the character of, a cicatrix. Dunglison.
CICATRICLE Cic"a*tri`cle, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cicatricule, fr. L. cicatricula a small scar, fr. cicatrix a scar.] (Biol.)
Defn: The germinating point in the embryo of a seed; the point in the yolk of an egg at which development begins.
CICATRISIVE Cic"a*tri`sive, a.
Defn: Tending to promote the formation of a cicatrix; good for healing of a wound.
CICATRIX Ci*ca"trix, n.; pl. Cicatrices. Etym: [L.] (Med.)
Defn: The pellicle which forms over a wound or breach of continuity and completes the process of healing in the latter, and which subsequently contracts and becomes white, forming the scar.
CICATRIZANT Cic"a*tri`zant, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cicatrisant, properly p. pr. of cicatriser.] (Med.)
Defn: A medicine or application that promotes the healing of a sore or wound, or the formation of a cicatrix.
CICATRIZATION Cic`a*tri*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cicatrisation.] (Med.)
Defn: The process of forming a cicatrix, or the state of being cicatrized.
CICATRIZE Cic"a*trize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cicatrized; p. pr. & vb. n. Cicatrizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. cicatriser, fr. cicatrice, L. cicatrix, scar.] (Med.)
Defn: To heal or induce the formation of a cicatrix in, as in wounded or ulcerated flesh. Wiseman.
CICATRIZE Cic"a*trize, v. i. (Med.)
Defn: To heal; to have a new skin.
CICATROSE Cic"a*trose`, a.
Defn: Full of scars. Craig.
CICELY Cic"e*ly, n. Etym: [L. seselis, Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: Any one of several umbelliferous plants, of the genera Myrrhis, Osmorrhiza, etc.
CICERO Cic"e*ro, n. (Print.)
Defn: Pica type; -- so called by French printers.
CICERONE Ci`ce*ro"ne, n.; pl. It. Ciceroni, E. Cicerones. Etym: [It., fr. L. Cicero, the Roman orator. So called from the ordinary talkativeness of such a guide.]
Defn: One who shows strangers the curiosities of a place; a guide. Every glib and loquacious hireling who shows strangers about their picture galleries, palaces, and ruins, is termed by them [the Italians] a cicerone, or a Cicero. Trench.
CICERONIAN Cic`e*ro"ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Ciceronianus, fr. Cicero, the orator.]
Defn: Resembling Cicero in style or action; eloquent.
CICERONIANISM Cic`e*ro"ni*an*ism, n.
Defn: Imitation of, or resemblance to, the style or action Cicero; a Ciceronian phrase or expression. "Great study in Ciceronianism, the chief abuse of Oxford." Sir P. Sidney.
CICHORACEOUS Cich`o*ra"ceous, a. Etym: [See Chicory.]
Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, a suborder of composite plants of which the chicory (Cichorium) is the type.
CICH-PEA Cich"-pea`, n.
Defn: The chick-pea. Holland.
CICISBEISM Ci*cis"be*ism, n.
Defn: The state or conduct of a cicisbeo.
CICISBEO Ci`cis*be"o, n.; pl. It. Cicisbei. Etym: [It.]
1. A professed admirer of a married woman; a dangler about women.
2. A knot of silk or ribbon attached to a fan, walking stick, etc. [Obs.]
CICLATOUN Cic"la*toun`, n. Etym: [Of. ciclaton.]
Defn: A costly cloth, of uncertain material, used in the Middle Ages. [Obs.] [Written also checklaton, chekelatoun.] His robe was of ciclatoun, That coste many a Jane. Chaucer.
CICURATE Cic"u*rate, v. t. Etym: [L. cicurare to tame, fr. cicur tame.]
Defn: To tame. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
CICURATION Cic`u*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cicuration.]
Defn: The act of taming. [Obs.] Ray.
CICUTA Ci*cu"ta, n. Etym: [L., the poison hemlock.] (Bot.)
Defn: a genus of poisonous umbelliferous plants, of which the water hemlock or cowbane is best known.
Note: The name cicuta is sometimes erroneously applied to Conium maculatum, or officinal hemlock.
CICUTOXIN Cic`u*tox"in, n. (Chem.)
Defn: The active principle of the water hemlock (Cicuta) extracted as a poisonous gummy substance.
CID Cid, n. Etym: [Sp., fr. Ar. seid lord.]
1. Chief or commander; in Spanish literature, a title of Ruy Diaz, Count of Bivar, a champion of Christianity and of the old Spanish royalty, in the 11th century.
2. An epic poem, which celebrates the exploits of the Spanish national hero, Ruy Diaz.
CIDER Ci"der, n. Etym: [F. cidre, OF. sidre, fr. L. sicera a kind of strong drink, Gr. shakar to be intoxicated, shekar strong drink.]
Defn: The expressed juice of apples. It is used as a beverage, for making vinegar, and for other purposes.
Note: Cider was formerly used to signify the juice of other fruits, and other kinds of strong liquor, but was not applied to wine. Cider brandy, a kind of brandy distilled from cider. -- Cider mill, a mill in which cider is made. -- Cider press, the press of a cider mill.
CIDERIST Ci`der*ist, n.
Defn: A maker of cider. [Obs.] Mortimer.
CIDERKIN Ci"der*kin, n. Etym: [Cider + -kin.]
Defn: A kind of weak cider made by steeping the refuse pomace in water. Ciderkin is made for common drinking, and supplies the place of small beer. Mortimer.
CI-DEVANT Ci`-de*vant", a. Etym: [F., hitherto, formerly.]
Defn: Former; previous; of times gone by; as, a cidevant governor.
CIERGE Cierge, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. cera wax.]
Defn: A wax candle used in religous rites.
CIGAR Ci*gar", n. Etym: [Sp. cigarro, orig., a kind of tobacco in the island of Cuba: cf. F. cigare.]
Defn: A small roll of tobacco, used for smoking. Cigar fish (Zoöl.), a fish (Decapterus punctatus), allied to the mackerel, found on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico.
CIGARETTE Cig`a*rette", n. Etym: [F. cigarette.]
Defn: A little cigar; a little fine tobacco rolled in paper for smoking.
CILIA Cil"i*a, n. pl. Cilium, the sing., is rarely used. Etym: [L. cilium eyelid.]
1. (Anat.)
Defn: The eyelashes.
2. (Biol.)
Defn: Small, generally microscopic, vibrating appendages lining certain organs, as the air passages of the higher animals, and in the lower animals often covering also the whole or a part of the exterior. They are also found on some vegetable organisms. In the Infusoria, and many larval forms, they are locomotive organs.
3. (Bot.)
Defn: Hairlike processes, commonly marginal and forming a fringe like the eyelash.
4. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Small, vibratory, swimming organs, somewhat resembling true cilia, as those of Ctenophora.
CILIARY Cil"ia*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ciliaire.]
1. (Anat.)
Defn: Pertaining to the cilia, or eyelashes. Also applied to special parts of the eye itself; as, the ciliary processes of the choroid coat; the ciliary muscle, etc.
2. (Biol.)
Defn: Pertaining to or connected with the cilia in animal or vegetable organisms; as, ciliary motion.
CILIATA Cil`i*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Cilia.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the orders of Infusoria, characterized by having cilia. In some species the cilia cover the body generally, in others they form a band around the mouth.
CILIATE; CILIATED Cil"i*ate, Cil"i*a`ted, a.
Defn: Provided with, or surrounded by, cilia; as, a ciliate leaf; endowed with vibratory motion; as, the ciliated epithelium of the windpipe.
CILICE Cil"ice, n. Etym: [F. See Cilicious.]
Defn: A kind of haircloth undergarment. Southey.
CILICIAN Ci*li"cian, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Cilicia in Asia Minor. -- n.
Defn: A native or inhabitant of Cilicia.
CILICIOUS Ci*li"cious, a. Etym: [L. cilicium a covering, orig. made of Cilician goat's hair, fr. Cilicious Cilician, fr. Cilicia, a province of Asia Minor.]
Defn: Made, or consisting, of hair. [Obs.] A Cilicious or sackcloth habit. Sir T. Browne.
CILIFORM; CILIIFORM Cil"i*form, Cil"i*i*form`, a. Etym: [Cilium + -form]
Defn: Having the form of cilia; very fine or slender.
CILIOGRADE Cil"i*o*grade, a. Etym: [Cilium + L. gradi to step: cf. F. ciliograde.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Moving by means of cilia, or cilialike organs; as, the ciliograde Medusæ.
CILIUM Cil"i*um, n. Etym: [L., eyelid.]
Defn: See Cilia.
CILL Cill, n.
Defn: See Sill., n. a foundation.
CILLOSIS Cil*lo"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. cilium eyelid.] (Med.)
Defn: A spasmodic trembling of the upper eyelid.
CIMA Ci"ma, n. (Arch.)
Defn: A kind of molding. See Cyma.
CIMAR Ci*mar", n.
Defn: See Simar.
CIMBAL Cim"bal, n. Etym: [It. ciambella.]
Defn: A kind of confectionery or cake. [Obs.] Nares.
CIMBIA Cim"bi*a, n. (Arch.)
Defn: A fillet or band placed around the shaft of a column as if to strengthen it. [Written also cimia.]
CIMBRIAN Cim"bri*an, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Cimbri. -- n.
Defn: One of the Cimbri. See Cimbric.
CIMBRIC Cim"bric, a.
Defn: Pertaining to the Cimbri, an ancient tribe inhabiting Northern Germany. -- n.
Defn: The language of the Cimbri.
CIMELIARCH Ci*me"li*arch, n. Etym: [L. cimeliarcha, Gr.
Defn: A superintendent or keeper of a church's valuables; a churchwarden. [Obs.] Bailey.
CIMETER Cim"e*ter, n.
Defn: See Scimiter.
CIMEX Ci"mex, n.; pl. Cimices. Etym: [L., a bug.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of hemipterous insects of which the bedbug is the best known example. See Bedbug.
CIMIA Cim"i*a, n. (Arch.)
Defn: See Cimbia.
CIMISS Ci"miss, n. Etym: [L. cimex, -icis, a bug.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The bedbug. [Obs.] Wright.
CIMMERIAN Cim*me"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. Cimmerius.] [Written also Kimmerian.]
1. Pertaining to the Cimmerii, a fabulous people, said to have lived, in very ancient times, in profound and perpetual darkness.
2. Without any light; intensely dark. In dark Cimmerian desert ever dwell. Milton.
CIMOLITE Cim"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. Cimolus, an island of the Cyclades.] (Min.)
Defn: A soft, earthy, clayey mineral, of whitish or grayish color.
CINCH Cinch, n. Etym: [Sp. cincha, fr. L. cingere to gird.]
1. A strong saddle girth, as of canvas. [West. U. S.]
2. A tight grip. [Colloq.]
CINCHONA Cin*cho"na, n. Etym: [So named from the wife of Count Chinchon, viceroy of Peru in the seventeenth century, who by its use was freed from an intermittent fever, and after her return to Spain, contributed to the general propagation of this remedy.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of trees growing naturally on the Andes in Peru and adjacent countries, but now cultivated in the East Indies, producing a medicinal bark of great value.
2. (Med.)
Defn: The bark of any species of cinchona containing three per cent. or more of bitter febrifuge alkaloids; Peruvian bark; Jesuits' bark.
CINCHONACEOUS Cin`cho*na"ceous, a.
Defn: Allied or pertaining to cinchona, or to the plants that produce it.
CINCHONIC Cin*chon"ic, a.
Defn: Belonging to, or obtained from, cinchona. Mayne.
CINCHONIDINE Cin*chon"i*dine, n. Etym: [From Cinchona.] (Chem.)
Defn: One of the quinine group of alkaloids, found especially in red cinchona bark. It is a white crystalline substance, C19H22N2O, with a bitter taste and qualities similar to, but weaker than, quinine; -- sometimes called also cinchonidia.
CINCHONINE Cin"cho*nine, n. Etym: [From Cinchona: cf. F. cinchonine.] (Chem.)
Defn: One of the quinine group of alkaloids isomeric with and resembling cinchonidine; -- called also cinchonia.
CINCHONISM Cin"cho*nism, n. Etym: [From Cinchona.] (Med.)
Defn: A condition produced by the excessive or long-continued use of quinine, and marked by deafness, roaring in the ears, vertigo, etc.
CINCHONIZE Cin"cho*nize, v. t.
Defn: To produce cinchonism in; to poison with quinine or with cinchona.
CINCINNATI EPOCH Cin`cin*na"ti ep"och. (Geol.)
Defn: An epoch at the close of the American lower Silurian system. The rocks are well developed near Cincinnati, Ohio. The group includes the Hudson River and Lorraine shales of New york.
CINCINNUS Cin*cin"nus, n.; pl. -ni (#). [Also cicinus, cicinnus.] [L., a curl of hair.] (Bot.)
Defn: A form of monochasium in which the lateral branches arise alternately on opposite sides of the false axis; -- called also scorpioid cyme. --Cin*cin"nal (#), a.
CINCTURE Cinc"ture, n. Etym: [L. cinctura, fr. cingere, cinctum, to gird.]
1. A belt, a girdle, or something worn round the body, -- as by an ecclesiastic for confining the alb.
2. That which encompasses or incloses; an inclosure. "Within the cincture of one wall." Bacon.
3. (Arch.)
Defn: The fillet, listel, or band next to the apophyge at the extremity of the shaft of a column.
CINCTURED Cinc"tured, n.
Defn: Having or wearing a cincture or gridle.
CINDER Cin"der, n. Etym: [AS. sinder slag, dross; akin to Icel. sindr dross, Sw. sinder, G. sinter, D. sintel; perh. influenced by F. cendre ashes, fr. L. cinis. Cf. Sinter.]
1. Partly burned or vitrified coal, or other combustible, in which fire is extinct.
2. A hot coal without flame; an ember. Swift.
3. A scale thrown off in forging metal.
4. The slag of a furnace, or scoriaceous lava from a volcano. Cinder frame, a framework of wire in front of the tubes of a locomotive, to arrest the escape of cinders. -- Cinder notch (Metal.), the opening in a blast furnace, through which melted cinder flows out.
CINDERY Cin"der*y, a.
Defn: Resembling, or composed of, cinders; full of cinders.
CINEFACTION Cin`e*fac"tion, n. Etym: [LL. cinefactio: L. cinis ashes + facere to make: cf. F. cinéfaction.]
Defn: Cineration; reduction to ashes. [Obs.]
CINEMATIC; CINEMATICAL Cin`e*mat"ic, Cin`e*mat"ic*al, a.
Defn: See Kinematic.
CINEMATICS Cin`e*mat"ics, n. sing.
Defn: See Kinematics.
CINEMATOGRAPH Cin`e*mat"o*graph, n. [Gr. , , motion + -graph.]
1.
Defn: A machine, combining magic lantern and kinetoscope features, for projecting on a screen a series of pictures, moved rapidly (25 to 50 a second) and intermittently before an objective lens, and producing by persistence of vision the illusion of continuous motion; a moving-picture machine; also, any of several other machines or devices producing moving pictorial effects. Other common names for the cinematograph are animatograph, biograph, bioscope, electrograph, electroscope, kinematograph, kinetoscope, veriscope, vitagraph, vitascope, zoögyroscope, zoöpraxiscope, etc.
The cinematograph, invented by Edison in 1894, is the result of the introduction of the flexible film into photography in place of glass. Encyc. Brit.
2. A camera for taking chronophotographs for exhibition by the instrument described above.
CINEMATOGRAPHER Cin`e*ma*tog"ra*pher, n.
Defn: One who exhibits moving pictures or who takes chronophotographs by the cinematograph. -- Cin`e*mat`o*graph"ic (#), a. -- Cin`e*mat`o*graph"ic*al*ly (#), adv.
CINEMOGRAPH Ci*ne"mo*graph, n. [Gr. motion + -graph.]
Defn: An integrating anemometer.
CINERACEOUS Cin`er*a"ceous, a. Etym: [L. cineraceus, fr. cinis ashes.]
Defn: Like ashes; ash-colored; cinerous.
CINERARIA Cin`e*ra"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. LL. cinerarius pert. to ashes, fr. cinis ashes. So called from the ash-colored down on the leaves.] (Bot.)
Defn: A Linnæan genus of free-flowering composite plants, mostly from South Africa. Several species are cultivated for ornament.
CINERARY Cin"er*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. cinerarius, fr. cinis ashes.]
Defn: Pertaining to ashes; containing ashes. Cinerary urns, vessels used by the ancients to preserve the ashes of the dead when burned.
CINERATION Cin`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. cinis ashes: cf. F. cinération.]
Defn: The reducing of anything to ashes by combustion; cinefaction.
CINEREOUS Ci*ne"re*ous, a. Etym: [L. cinereus, fr. cinis ashes.]
Defn: Like ashes; ash-colored; grayish.
CINERESCENT Cin`er*es"cent, a.
Defn: Somewhat cinereous; of a color somewhat resembling that of wood ashes.
CINERITIOUS Cin`er*i"tious, a. Etym: [L. cineritius, cinericius, fr. cinis ashes.]
Defn: Like ashes; having the color of ashes, -- as the cortical substance of the brain.
CINERULENT Ci*ner"u*lent, a.
Defn: Full of ashes. [Obs.]
CINGALESE Cin`ga*lese", n. sing. & pl. Etym: [Cf. F. Cingalais.]
Defn: A native or natives of Ceylon descended from its primitive inhabitants; also (sing.),
Defn: the language of the Cingalese. -- a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Cingalese. [Written also Singhalese.]
Note: Ceylonese is applied to the inhabitants of the island in general.
CINGLE Cin"gle, n. Etym: [L. cingula, cingulum, fr. cingere to gird.]
Defn: A girth. [R.] See Surcingle.
CINGULUM Cin"gu*lum, n. Etym: [L., a girdle.] (Zoöl.) (a) A distinct girdle or band of color; a raised spiral line as seen on certain univalve shells. (b) The clitellus of earthworms. (c) The base of the crown of a tooth.
CINNABAR Cin"na*bar, n. Etym: [L. cinnabaris, Gr. qinbar, Hind. shangarf.]
1. (Min.)
Defn: Red sulphide of mercury, occurring in brilliant red crystals, and also in red or brown amorphous masses. It is used in medicine.
2. The artificial red sulphide of mercury used as a pigment; vermilion. Cinnabar Græcorum (. Etym: [L. Graecorum, gen. pl., of the Greeks.] (Med.) Same as Dragon's blood. -- Green cinnabar, a green pigment consisting of the oxides of cobalt and zinc subjected to the action of fire. -- Hepatic cinnabar (Min.), an impure cinnabar of a liver-brown color and submetallic luster.
CINNABARINE Cin"na*ba*rine, a. Etym: [Cf. F. cinabarin.]
Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, cinnabar; consisting of cinnabar, or containing it; as, cinnabarine sand.
CINNAMENE Cin"na*mene, n. Etym: [From Cinnamic.] (Chem.)
Defn: Styrene (which was formerly called cinnamene because obtained from cinnamic acid). See Styrene.
CINNAMIC Cin*nam"ic, a. Etym: [From Cinnamon.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, cinnamon. Cinnamic acid (Chem.), a white, crystalline, odorless substance. C6H5.C2H2C2H2.CO2H, formerly obtained from storax and oil of cinnamon, now made from certain benzene derivatives in large quantities, and used for the artificial production of indigo.
CINNAMOMIC Cin`na*mom"ic, a. Etym: [L. cinnamomum cinnamon.] (Chem.)
Defn: See Cinnamic.
CINNAMON Cin"na*mon, n. Etym: [Heb. qinnamon; cf. Gr. cinnamomum, cinnamon. The Heb. word itself seems to have been borrowed from some other language; cf. Malay kaju manis sweet wood.] (a) The inner bark of the shoots of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum, a tree growing in Ceylon. It is aromatic, of a moderately pungent taste, and is one of the best cordial, carminative, and restorative spices. (b) Cassia. Cinnamon stone (Min.), a variety of garnet, of a cinnamon or hyacinth red color, sometimes used in jewelry. -- Oil of cinnamon, a colorless aromatic oil obtained from cinnamon and cassia, and consisting essentially of cinnamic aldehyde, C6H5.C2H2.CHO. -- Wild cinnamon. See Canella.
CINNAMONE Cin"na*mone, n. Etym: [Cinnamic + -one.]
Defn: A yellow crystalline substance, (C6H5.C2H2)2CO, the ketone of cinnamic acid.
CINNAMYL Cin"na*myl, n. Etym: [Cinnamic + -yl.] (Chem.)
Defn: The hypothetical radical, (C6H5.C2H2)2C, of cinnamic compounds. [Formerly written also cinnamule.]
CINNOLINE Cin"no*line, n. Etym: [Cinnamic + quinoline.]
Defn: A nitrogenous organic base, C8H6N2, analogous to quinoline, obtained from certain complex diazo compounds.
CINQUE Cinque, n. Etym: [F. cinq, fr. L. quinque five. See Five.]
Defn: Five; the number five in dice or cards.
CINQUECENTIST Cin`que*cen"tist, n.
1. An Italian of the sixteenth century, esp. a poet or artist.
2. A student or imitator of the art or literature of the Cinquecento.
CINQUECENTO Cin`que*cen"to, n. & a. Etym: [It., five hundred, abbrev. for fifteen hundred. The Cinquecento style was so called because it arose after the year 1500.]
Defn: The sixteenth century, when applied to Italian art or literature; as, the sculpture of the Cinquecento; Cinquecento style.
CINQUEFOIL Cinque"foil`, n. Etym: [Cinque five + foil, F. feuille leaf. See Foil.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: The name of several different species of the genus Potentilla; -- also called five-finger, because of the resemblance of its leaves to the fingers of the hand.
2. (Arch.)
Defn: An ornamental foliation having five points or cups, used in windows, panels, etc. Gwilt. Marsh cinquefoil, the Potentilla palustris, a plant with purple flowers which grows in fresh-water marshes.
CINQUE-PACE Cinque"-pace`, n. Etym: [Cinque + pace.]
Defn: A lively dance (called also galliard), the steps of which were regulated by the number five. [Obs.] Nares. Shak.
CINQUE PORTS Cinque" Ports`. Etym: [Cinque + port.] (Eng. Hist.)
Defn: Five English ports, to which peculiar privileges were anciently accorded; -- viz., Hastings, Romney, Hythe, Dover, and Sandwich; afterwards increased by the addition of Winchelsea, Rye, and some minor places. Baron of the Cinque Ports. See under Baron.
CINQUE-SPOTTED Cinque"-spot`ted, a.
Defn: Five-spotted. [R.] Shak.
CINTER Cin"ter, n. Etym: [F. cintre.] (Arch.)
Defn: See Center.
CINURA Ci*nu"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The group of Thysanura which includes Lepisma and allied forms; the bristletails. See Bristletail, and Lepisma.
CION Ci"on, n. Etym: [OF. cion. See Scion.]
Defn: See Scion. The cion overruleth the stock; and the stock is but passive, and giveth aliment, but no motion, to the graft. Bacon.
CIPHER Ci"pher, n. Etym: [OF. cifre zero, F. Chiffre figure (cf. Sp.cifra, LL. cifra), fr. Ar. çifrun, çafrun, empty, cipher, zero, fr. çafira to be empty. Cf. Zero.]
1. (Arith.)
Defn: A character [0] which, standing by itself, expresses nothing, but when placed at the right hand of a whole number, increases its value tenfold.
2. One who, or that which, has no weight or influence. Here he was a mere cipher. W. Irving.
3. A character in general, as a figure or letter. [Obs.] This wisdom began to be written in ciphers and characters and letters bearing the forms of creatures. Sir W. Raleigh.
4. A combination or interweaving of letters, as the initials of a name; a device; a monogram; as, a painter's cipher, an engraver's cipher, etc. The cut represents the initials N. W.
5. A private alphabet, system of characters, or other mode of writing, contrived for the safe transmission of secrets; also, a writing in such characters. His father . . . engaged him when he was very young to write all his letters to England in cipher. Bp. Burnet. Cipher key, a key to assist in reading writings in cipher.
CIPHER Ci"pher, a.
Defn: Of the nature of a cipher; of no weight or influence. "Twelve cipher bishops." Milton.
CIPHER Ci"pher, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ciphered; p. pr. & vb. n. Ciphering.]
Defn: To use figures in a mathematical process; to do sums in arithmetic. "T was certain he could write and cipher too. Goldsmith.
CIPHER Ci"pher, v. t.
1. To write in occult characters. His notes he ciphered with Greek characters. Hayward.
2. To get by ciphering; as, to cipher out the answer.
3. To decipher. [Obs.] Shak.
4. To designate by characters. [Obs.] Shak.
CIPHERER Ci"pher*er, n.
Defn: One who ciphers.
CIPHERHOOD Ci"pher*hood, n.
Defn: Nothingness. [R.] Goodwin.
CIPOLIN Cip"o*lin, n. Etym: [It. cippollino, prop., a little onion, fr. cipolla onion (cf. E. cibol). So called because its veins consist, like onions, of different strata, one lying upon another.] (Min.)
Defn: A whitish marble, from Rome, containiing pale greenish zones. It consists of calcium carbonate, with zones and cloudings of talc.
CIPPUS Cip"pus, n.; pl. Cippi. Etym: [L., stake, post.]
Defn: A small, low pillar, square or round, commonly having an inscription, used by the ancients for various purposes, as for indicating the distances of places, for a landmark, for sepulchral inscriptions, etc. Gwilt.
CIRC Circ, n. Etym: [See Circus.]
Defn: An amphitheatrical circle for sports; a circus. [R.] T. Warton.
CIRCAR Cir*car", n. Etym: [See Sircar.]
Defn: A district, or part of a province. See Sircar. [India]
CIRCASSIAN Cir*cas"sian, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Circassia, in Asia. -- n.
Defn: A native or inhabitant of Circassia.
CIRCEAN Cir*ce"an, a. Etym: [L. Circaeus.]
Defn: Having the characteristics of Circe, daughter of Sol and Perseis, a mythological enchantress, who first charmed her victims and then changed them to the forms of beasts; pleasing, but noxious; as, a Circean draught.
CIRCENSIAL; CIRCENSIAN Cir*cen"sial, Cir*cen"sian, a. Etym: [L. Circensis, ludi Circenses, the games in the Circus Maximus.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to, or held in, the Circus, In Rome. The pleasure of the Circensian shows. Holyday.
CIRCINAL Cir"ci*nal, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: Circinate.
CIRCINATE Cir"ci*nate, a. Etym: [L. circinatus, p. p. of circinare to make round, fr. circinus a pair of compasses, from Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: Rolled together downward, the tip occupying the center; -- a term used in reference to foliation or leafing, as in ferns. Gray.
CIRCINATE Cir"ci*nate, v. t.
Defn: To make a circle around; to encompass. [Obs.] Bailey.
CIRCINATION Cir`ci*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. circinatio circle.]
1. An orbicular motion. [Obs.] bailey.
2. A circle; a concentric layer. [Obs.] "The circinations and spherical rounds of onions." Sir T. Browne.
CIRCLE Cir"cle, n. Etym: [OE. cercle, F. cercle, fr. L. circulus (Whence also AS. circul), dim. of circus circle, akin to Gr. Circus, Circum- .]
1. A plane figure, bounded by a single curve line called its circumference, every part of which is equally distant from a point within it, called the center.
2. The line that bounds sush a figure; a circumference; a ring.
3. (Astron.)
Defn: An instrument of observation, the graduated limb of which consists of an entire circle.
Note: When it is fixed to a wall in an observatory, it is called a mural circle; when mounted with a telescope on an axis and in Y's, in the plane of the meridian, a meridian or transit circle; when involving the principle of reflection, like the sextant, a reflecting circle; and when that of repeating an angle several times continuously along the graduated limb, a repeating circle.
4. A round body; a sphere; an orb. It is he that sitteth upon the circle of the earth. Is. xi. 22.
5. Compass; circuit; inclosure. In the circle of this forest. Shak.
6. A company assembled, or conceived to assemble, about a central point of interest, or bound by a common tie; a class or division of society; a coterie; a set. As his name gradually became known, the circle of his acquaintance widened. Macaulay.
7. A circular group of persons; a ring.
8. A series ending where it begins, and repeating itself. Thus in a circle runs the peasant's pain. Dryden.
9. (Logic)
Defn: A form of argument in which two or more unproved statements are used to prove each other; inconclusive reasoning. That heavy bodies descend by gravity; and, again, that gravity is a quality whereby a heavy body descends, is an impertinent circle and teaches nothing. Glanvill.
10. Indirect form of words; circumlocution. [R.] Has he given the lie, In circle, or oblique, or semicircle. J. Fletcher.
11. A territorial division or district.
Note: The Circles of the Holy Roman Empire, ten in number, were those principalities or provinces which had seats in the German Diet. Azimuth circle. See under Azimuth. -- Circle of altitude (Astron.), a circle parallel to the horizon, having its pole in the zenith; an almucantar. -- Circle of curvature. See Osculating circle of a curve (Below). -- Circle of declination. See under Declination. -- Circle of latitude. (a) (Astron.) A great circle perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic, passing through its poles. (b) (Spherical Projection) A small circle of the sphere whose plane is perpendicular to the axis. -- Circles of longitude, lesser circles parallel to the ecliptic, diminishing as they recede from it. -- Circle of perpetual apparition, at any given place, the boundary of that space around the elevated pole, within which the stars never set. Its distance from the pole is equal to the latitude of the place. -- Circle of perpetual occultation, at any given place, the boundary of the space around the depressed pole, within which the stars never rise. -- Circle of the sphere, a circle upon the surface of the sphere, called a great circle when its plane passes through the center of the sphere; in all other cases, a small circle. -- Diurnal circle. See under Diurnal. -- Dress circle, a gallery in a theater, generally the one containing the prominent and more expensive seats. -- Druidical circles (Eng. Antiq.), a popular name for certain ancient inclosures formed by rude stones circularly arranged, as at Stonehenge, near Salisbury. -- Family circle, a gallery in a theater, usually one containing inexpensive seats. -- Horary circles (Dialing), the lines on dials which show the hours. -- Osculating circle of a curve (Geom.), the circle which touches the curve at some point in the curve, and close to the point more nearly coincides with the curve than any other circle. This circle is used as a measure of the curvature of the curve at the point, and hence is called circle of curvature. -- Pitch circle. See under Pitch. -- Vertical circle, an azimuth circle. -- Voltaic circle or circuit. See under Circuit. -- To square the circle. See under Square.
Syn. -- Ring; circlet; compass; circuit; inclosure.
CIRCLE Cir"cle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Circled; p. pr. & vb. n. Circling.] Etym: [OE. cerclen, F. cercler, fr. L. circulare to make round. See Circle, n., and cf. Circulate.]
1. To move around; to revolve around. Other planets circle other suns. Pope.
2. To encompass, as by a circle; to surround; to inclose; to encircle. Prior. Pope. Their heads are circled with a short turban. Dampier. So he lies, circled with evil. Coleridge. To circle in, to confine; to hem in; to keep together; as, to circle bodies in. Sir K. Digby.
CIRCLE Cir"cle, v. i.
Defn: To move circularly; to form a circle; to circulate. Thy name shall circle round the gaping through. Byron.
CIRCLED Cir"cled, a.
Defn: Having the form of a circle; round. "Monthly changes in her circled orb." Shak.
CIRCLER Cir"cler, n.
Defn: A mean or inferior poet, perhaps from his habit of wandering around as a stroller; an itinerant poet. Also, a name given to the cyclic poets. See under Cyclic, a. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
CIRCLET Cir"clet, n.
1. A little circle; esp., an ornament for the person, having the form of a circle; that which encircles, as a ring, a bracelet, or a headband. Her fair locks in circlet be enrolled. Spenser.
2. A round body; an orb. Pope. Fairest of stars . . . that crown'st the smiling morn With thy bright circlet. Milton.
3. A circular piece of wood put under a dish at table. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
CIRCOCELE Cir"co*cele, n.
Defn: See Cirsocele.
CIRCUIT Cir"cuit, n. Etym: [F. circuit, fr. L. circuitus, fr. circuire or circumire to go around; circum around + ire to go.]
1. The act of moving or revolving around, or as in a circle or orbit; a revolution; as, the periodical circuit of the earth round the sun. Watts.
2. The circumference of, or distance round, any space; the measure of a line round an area. The circuit or compass of Ireland is 1,800 miles. J. Stow.
3. That which encircles anything, as a ring or crown. The golden circuit on my head. Shak.
4. The space inclosed within a circle, or within limits. A circuit wide inclosed with goodliest trees. Milton.
5. A regular or appointed journeying from place to place in the exercise of one's calling, as of a judge, or a preacher.
6. (a) (Law) A certain division of a state or country, established by law for a judge or judges to visit, for the administration of justice. Bouvier. (b) (Methodist Church) A district in which an itinerant preacher labors.
7. Circumlocution. [Obs.] "Thou hast used no circuit of words." Huloet. Circuit court (Law), a court which sits successively in different places in its circuit (see Circuit, 6). In the United States, the federal circuit courts are commonly presided over by a judge of the supreme court, or a special circuit judge, together with the judge of the district court. They have jurisdiction within statutory limits, both in law and equity, in matters of federal cognizance. Some of the individual States also have circuit courts, which have general statutory jurisdiction of the same class, in matters of State cognizance. -- Circuit or Circuity of action (Law), a longer course of proceedings than is necessary to attain the object in view. -- To make a circuit, to go around; to go a roundabout way. -- Voltaic or Galvanic circuit or circle, a continous electrical communication between the two poles of a battery; an arrangement of voltaic elements or couples with proper conductors, by which a continuous current of electricity is established.
CIRCUIT Cir"cuit, v. i.
Defn: To move in a circle; to go round; to circulate. [Obs.] J. Philips.
CIRCUIT Cir"cuit, v. t.
Defn: To travel around. [Obs.] "Having circuited the air." T. Warton.
CIRCUITEER Cir`cuit*eer", n.
Defn: A circuiter. Pope.
CIRCUITER Cir"cuit*er, n.
Defn: One who travels a circuit, as a circuit judge. [R.] R. Whitlock.
CIRCUITION Cir`cu*i"tion, n. Etym: [L. circuitio. See Circuit.]
Defn: The act of going round; circumlocution. [R.]
CIRCUITOUS Cir*cu"i*tous, a. Etym: [LL. circuitosus.]
Defn: Going round in a circuit; roundabout; indirect; as, a circuitous road; a circuitous manner of accompalishing an end. -- Cir*cu"i*tous*ly, adv. -- Cir*cu"i*tous*ness, n.
Syn. -- Tortuous; winding; sinuous; serpentine.
CIRCUITY Cir*cu"i*ty, n.
Defn: A going round in a circle; a course not direct; a roundabout way of proceeding.
CIRCULABLE Cir"cu*la*ble, a.
Defn: That may be circulated.
CIRCULAR Cir"cu*lar, a. Etym: [L. circularis, fr. circulus circle: cf. F. circulaire. See Circle.]
1. In the form of, or bounded by, a circle; round.
2. repeating itself; ending in itself; reverting to the point of beginning; hence, illogical; inconclusive; as, circular reasoning.
3. Adhering to a fixed circle of legends; cyclic; hence, mean; inferior. See Cyclic poets, under Cyclic. Had Virgil been a circular poet, and closely adhered to history, how could the Romans have had Dido Dennis.
4. Addressed to a circle, or to a number of persons having a common interest; circulated, or intended for circulation; as, a circular letter. A proclamation of Henry III., . . . doubtless circular throughout England. Hallam.
5. Perfect; complete. [Obs.] A man so absolute and circular In all those wished-for rarities that may take A virgin captive. Massinger. Circular are, any portion of the circumference of a circle. -- Circular cubics (Math.), curves of the third order which are imagined to pass through the two circular points at infinity. -- Circular functions. (Math.) See under Function. -- Circular instruments, mathematical instruments employed for measuring angles, in which the graduation extends round the whole circumference of a circle, or 360º. -- Circular lines, straight lines pertaining to the circle, as sines, tangents, secants, etc. -- Circular note or letter. (a) (Com.) See under Credit. (b) (Diplomacy) A letter addressed in identical terms to a number of persons. -- Circular numbers (Arith.), those whose powers terminate in the same digits as the roots themselves; as 5 and 6, whose squares are 25 and 36. Bailey. Barlow. -- Circular points at infinity (Geom.), two imaginary points at infinite distance through which every circle in the plane is, in the theory of curves, imagined to pass. -- Circular polarization. (Min.) See under Polarization. -- Circular or Globular sailing (Naut.), the method of sailing by the arc of a great circle. -- Circular saw. See under Saw.
CIRCULAR Cir"cu*lar, n. Etym: [Cf. (for sense 1) F. circulaire, lettre circulaire. See Circular, a.]
1. A circular letter, or paper, usually printed, copies of which are addressed or given to various persons; as, a business circular.
2. A sleeveless cloak, cut in circular form.
CIRCULARISE circularise v.
1. to canvass by distributing letters. Syn. -- circularize. [WordNet 1.5]
2. to distribute circulars to. Syn. -- circularize. [WordNet 1.5]
3. to to pass around, as information. Syn. -- circulate, circularize, distribute, disseminate, propagate, broadcast, spread, diffuse, disperse. [WordNet 1.5]
CIRCULARITY Cir`cu*lar"i*ty, n. Etym: [LL. circularitas.]
Defn: The quality or state of being circular; a circular form.
CIRCULARLY Cir"cu*lar*ly, adv.
Defn: In a circular manner.
CIRCULARY Cir"cu*la*ry, a.
Defn: Circular; illogical. [Obs. & .] "Cross and circulary speeches." Hooker.
CIRCULATE Cir"cu*late, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ciorculated; P. pr. & vb. n. Circulating.] Etym: [L. circulatus, p. p. of circulare, v. t., to surround, make round, circulari, v. i., to gather into a circle. See Circle.]
1. To move in a circle or circuitously; to move round and return to the same point; as, the blood circulates in the body. Boyle.
2. To pass from place to place, from person to person, or from hand to hand; to be diffused; as, money circulates; a story circulates.
Circulating decimal. See Decimal. -- Circulating library, a library whose books are loaned to the public, usually at certain fixed rates. -- Circulating medium. See Medium.
CIRCULATE Cir"cu*late, v. t.
Defn: To cause to pass from place to place, or from person to person; to spread; as, to circulate a report; to circulate bills of credit. Circulating pump. See under Pump.
Syn. -- To spread; diffuse; propagate; disseminate.
CIRCULATION Cir`cu*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. circulatio: cf. F. circulation.]
1. The act of moving in a circle, or in a course which brings the moving body to the place where its motion began. This continual circulation of human things. Swift.
2. The act of passing from place to place or person to person; free diffusion; transmission. The true doctrines of astronomy appear to have had some popular circulation. Whewell.
3. Currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc., current for coin.
4. The extent to which anything circulates or is circulated; the measure of diffusion; as, the circulation of a newspaper.
5. (Physiol.)
Defn: The movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system, by which it is brought into close relations with almost every living elementary constituent. Also, the movement of the sap in the vessels and tissues of plants.
CIRCULATIVE Cir"cu*la*tive, a.
Defn: Promoting circulation; circulating. [R.] Coleridge.
CIRCULATOR Cir"cu*la`tor, n. Etym: [Cf. L. circulator a peddler.]
Defn: One who, or that which, circulates.
CIRCULATORIOUS Cir`cu*la*to"ri*ous, a.
Defn: Travelling from house to house or from town to town; itinerant. [Obs.] "Circulatorious jugglers." Barrow.
CIRCULATORY Cir"cu*la*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. circulatorius pert. to a mountebank: cf. F. circulatoire.]
1. Circular; as, a circulatory letter. Johnson.
2. Circulating, or going round. T. Warton.
3. (Anat.)
Defn: Subserving the purposes of circulation; as, circulatory organs; of or pertaining to the organs of circulation; as, circulatory diseases.
CIRCULATORY Cir"cu*la*to*ry, n.
Defn: A chemical vessel consisting of two portions unequally exposed to the heat of the fire, and with connecting pipes or passages, through which the fluid rises from the overheated portion, and descends from the relatively colder, maintaining a circulation.
CIRCULET Cir"cu*let, n.
Defn: A circlet. [Obs.] Spenser.
CIRCULINE Cir"cu*line, a.
Defn: Proceeding in a circle; circular. [Obs.] "With motion circuline". Dr. H. More.
CIRCUM- Cir"cum-. Etym: [Akin to circle, circus.]
Defn: A Latin preposition, used as a prefix in many English words, and signifying around or about.
CIRCUMAGITATE Cir`cum*ag"i*tate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. circum + agitate.]
Defn: To agitate on all sides. Jer. Taylor.
CIRCUMAMBAGE Cir`cum*am"bage, n. Etym: [Pref. circum- + ambage, obs. sing. of ambages.]
Defn: A roundabout or indirect course; indirectness. [Obs.] S. Richardson.
CIRCUMAMBIENCY Cir`cum*am"bi*en*cy, n.
Defn: The act of surrounding or encompassing. Sir T. Browne.
CIRCUMAMBIENT Cir`cum*am"bi*ent, a. Etym: [Pref. circum- + ambient.]
Defn: Surrounding; inclosing or being on all sides; encompassing. "The circumambient heaven." J. Armstrong.
CIRCUMAMBULATE Cir`cum*am"bu*late, v. t. Etym: [L. circumambulatus, p. p. of circumambulare to walk around; circum + ambulare. See Ambulate.]
Defn: To walk round about. -- Cir`cum*am`bu*la"tion, n.
CIRCUMBENDIBUS Cir`cum*bend"i*bus, n.
Defn: A roundabout or indirect way. [Jocular] Goldsmith.
CIRCUMCENTER Cir`cum*cen"ter, n. (Geom.)
Defn: The center of a circle that circumscribes a triangle.
CIRCUMCISE Cir"cum*cise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Circumcised; p. pr. & vb. n. Circumcising.] Etym: [L. circumcisus, p. p. of circumcidere to cut around, to circumcise; circum + caedere to cut; akin to E. cæsura, homicide, concise, and prob. to shed, v. t.]
1. To cut off the prepuce of foreskin of, in the case of males, and the internal labia of, in the case of females.
2. (Script.)
Defn: To purify spiritually.
CIRCUMCISER Cir"cum*ci`ser, n.
Defn: One who performs circumcision. Milton.
CIRCUMCISION Cir`cum*cision, n. Etym: [L. circumcisio.]
1. The act of cutting off the prepuce or foreskin of males, or the internal labia of females.
Note: The circumcision of males is practiced as a religious rite by the Jews, Mohammedans, etc.
2. (Script.) (a) The Jews, as a circumcised people. (b) Rejection of the sins of the flesh; spiritual purification, and acceptance of the Christian faith.
CIRCUMCLUSION Cir`cum*clu"sion, n. Etym: [L. circumcludere, -clusum, to inclose.]
Defn: Act of inclosing on all sides. [R.]
CIRCUMCURSATION Cir`cum*cur*sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. circumcursare, -satum, to run round about.]
Defn: The act of running about; also, rambling language. [Obs.] Barrow.
CIRCUMDENUDATION Cir`cum*den`u*da"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. circum- + denudation.] (Geol.)
Defn: Denudation around or in the neighborhood of an object. Hills of circumdenudation, hills which have been produced by surface erosion; the elevations which have been left, after denudation of a mass of high ground. Jukes.
CIRCUMDUCE Cir`cum*duce", v. t. Etym: [See Circumduct.] (Scots Law)
Defn: To declare elapsed, as the time allowed for introducing evidence. Sir W. Scott.
CIRCUMDUCT Cir`cum*duct", v. t. Etym: [L. circumductus, p. p. of circumducere to lead around; circum + ducere to lead.]
1. To lead about; to lead astray. [R.]
2. (Law)
Defn: To contravene; to nullify; as, to circumduct acts of judicature. [Obs.] Ayliffe.
CIRCUMDUCTION Cir`cum*duc"tion, n. Etym: [L. circumductio.]
1. A leading about; circumlocution. [R.] Hooker.
2. An annulling; cancellation. [R.] Ayliffe.
3. (Phisiol.)
Defn: The rotation of a limb round an imaginary axis, so as to describe a concial surface.
CIRCUMESOPHAGAL Cir`cum*e*soph"a*gal, a. Etym: [Pref. circum + esophagal.] (Anat.)
Defn: Surrounding the esophagus; -- in Zool. said of the nerve commissures and ganglia of arthropods and mollusks.
CIRCUMESOPHAGEAL Cir`cum*e`so*phag"e*al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Circumesophagal.
CIRCUMFER Cir"cum*fer, v. t. Etym: [L. circumferre; circum + ferre to bear. See lst Bear.]
Defn: To bear or carry round. [Obs.] Bacon.
CIRCUMFERENCE Cir*cum"fer*ence, n. Etym: [L. circumferentia.]
1. The line that goes round or encompasses a circular figure; a periphery. Millon.
2. A circle; anything circular. His ponderous shield . . . Behind him cast. The broad circumference Hung on his shoulders like the moon. Milton.
3. The external surface of a sphere, or of any orbicular body.
CIRCUMFERENCE Cir*cum"fer*ence, v. t.
Defn: To include in a circular space; to bound. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
CIRCUMFERENTIAL Cir*cum`fer*en"tial, a. Etym: [LL. circumferentialis.]
Defn: Pertaining to the circumference; encompassing; encircling; circuitous. Parkhurst.
CIRCUMFERENTIALLY Cir*cum`fer*en"tial*ly, adv.
Defn: So as to surround or encircle.
CIRCUMFERENTOR Cir*cum`fer*en"tor, n. Etym: [See Circumfer.]
1. A surveying instrument, for taking horizontal angles and bearings; a surveyor's compass. It consists of a compass whose needle plays over a circle graduated to 360º, and of a horizontal brass bar at the ends of which are standards with narrow slits for sighting, supported on a tripod by a ball and socket joint.
2. A graduated wheel for measuring tires; a tire circle.
CIRCUMFLANT Cir"cum*flant, a. Etym: [L. circumflans, p. pr. of circumflare.]
Defn: Blowing around. [Obs.] Evelyn.
CIRCUMFLECT Cir"cum*flect, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Circumflected; p. pr. & vb. n. Circumflecting.] Etym: [L. circumflectere. See Circumflex.]
1. To bend around.
2. To mark with the circumflex accent, as a vowel. [R.]
CIRCUMFLECTION Cir`cum*flec"tion, n.
Defn: See Circumflexion.
CIRCUMFLEX Cir"cum*flex, n. Etym: [L. circumflexus a bending round, fr. circumflectere, circumflexum, to bend or turn about; circum + flectere to bend. See Flexible.]
1. A wave of the voice embracing both a rise and fall or a fall and a rise on the same a syllable. Walker.
2. A character, or accent, denoting in Greek a rise and of the voice on the same long syllable, marked thus [~ or Accent, n., 2.
CIRCUMFLEX Cir"cum*flex, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Circumflexed; p. pr. & vb. n. Circumflexing.]
Defn: To mark or pronounce with a circumflex. Walker.
CIRCUMFLEX Cir"cum*flex, a. Etym: [Cf. L. circumflexus, p. p.]
1. Moving or turning round; circuitous. [R.] Swift.
2. (Anat.)
Defn: Curved circularly; -- applied to several arteries of the hip and thigh, to arteries, veins, and a nerve of the shoulder, and to other parts.
CIRCUMFLEXION Cir`cum*flex"ion, n.
1. The act of bending, or causing to assume a curved form.
2. A winding about; a turning; a circuity; a fold.
CIRCUMFLUENCE Cir*cum"flu*ence, n.
Defn: A flowing round on all sides; an inclosing with a fluid.
CIRCUMFLUENT; CIRCUMFLUOUS Cir*cum"flu*ent, Cir*cum"flu*ous, a. Etym: [L. circumfluere, p. pr. of circumfluere; circum + fluere to flow; also L. circumfluus.]
Defn: Flowing round; surrounding in the manner of a fluid. "The deep, circumfluent waves." Pope.
CIRCUMFORANEAN; CIRCUMFORANEOUS Cir`cum*fo*ra"ne*an, Cir`cum*fo*ra"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. circumforaneus found in markets; circum + forum a market place.]
Defn: Going about or abroad; walking or wandering from house to house. Addison.
CIRCUMFULGENT Cir`cum*ful"gent, a. Etym: [Pref. circum- + fulgent.]
Defn: Shining around or about.
CIRCUMFUSE Cir`cum*fuse", v. t. Etym: [L. circumfusus, p. p. of circumfundere to pour around; circum + fundere to pour.]
Defn: To pour round; to spread round. His army circumfused on either wing. Milton.
CIRCUMFUSILE Cir`cum*fu"sile, a. Etym: [Pref. circum- + L. fusilis fusil, a.]
Defn: Capable of being poured or spread round. "Circumfusile gold." Pope.
CIRCUMFUSION Cir`cum*fu"sion, n. Etym: [L. circumfusio.]
Defn: The act of pouring or spreading round; the state of being spread round. Swift.
CIRCUMGESTATION Cir`cum*ges*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. circumgestare to carry around; circum + gestare to carry.]
Defn: The act or process of carrying about. [Obs.] Circumgestation of the eucharist to be adored. Jer. Taylor.
CIRCUMGYRATE Cir`cum*gy"rate, v. t. & i. Etym: [Pref. circum- + gyrate.]
Defn: To roll or turn round; to cause to perform a rotary or circular motion. Ray.
CIRCUMGYRATION Cir`cum*gy*ra"tion, n.
Defn: The act of turning, rolling, or whirling round. A certain turbulent and irregular circumgyration. Holland.
CIRCUMGYRATORY Cir`cum*gy"ra*to*ry, a.
Defn: Moving in a circle; turning round. Hawthorne.
CIRCUMGYRE Cir`cum*gyre", v. i.
Defn: To circumgyrate. [Obs.]
CIRCUMINCESSION Cir`cum*in*ces"sion, n. Etym: [Pref. circum- + L. incedere, incessum, to walk.] (Theol.)
Defn: The reciprocal existence in each other of the three persons of the Trinity.
CIRCUMJACENCE Cir`cum*ja"cence, n.
Defn: Condition of being circumjacent, or of bordering ou every side.
CIRCUMJACENT Cir`cum*ja"cent, a. Etym: [L. circumjacens, p. pr. of circumjacere; circum + jac to lie.]
Defn: Lying round; borderong on every side. T. Fuller.
CIRCUMJOVIAL Cir`cum*jo"vi*al, n. Etym: [Pref. circum- + L. Jupiter, gen. Jovis, Jove.]
Defn: One of the moons or satellites of the planet Jupiter. [Obs.] Derham.
CIRCUMLITTORAL Cir`cum*lit"to*ral, a. Etym: [Pref. circum- + littus, littoris, shore; preferable form, litus, litoria.]
Defn: Adjointing the shore.
CIRCUMLOCUTION Cir`cum*lo*cu"tion, n. Etym: [L. circumlocutio, fr. circumloqui, - locutus, to make use of circumlocution; circum + loqui to speak. See Loquacious.]
Defn: The use of many words to express an idea that might be expressed by few; indirect or roundabout language; a periphrese. the plain Billingagate way of calling names . . . would save abundance of time lost by circumlocution. Swift. Circumlocution office, a term of riducle for a governmental office where business is delayed by passing through the hands of different officials.
CIRCUMLOCUTIONAL Cir`cum*lo*cu"tion*al, a.
Defn: Relating to, or consisting of, circumlocutions; periphrastic; circuitous.
CIRCUMLOCUTORY Cir`cum*loc"u*to*ry, a.
Defn: Characterised by circumlocution; periphrastic. Shenstone. The officials set to work in regular circumlocutory order. Chambers's Journal.
CIRCUMMERIDIAN Cir`cum*me*rid"i*an, a. Etym: [Pref. circum- + meridian.]
Defn: About, or near, the meridian.
CIRCUMMURE Cir`cum*mure", v. t. Etym: [Pref. circum- + mure, v. t.]
Defn: To encompass with a wall. Shak.
CIRCUMNAVIGABLE Cir`cum*nav"i*ga*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being sailed round. Ray.
CIRCUMNAVIGATE Cir`cum*nav"i*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Circumnavigated; p. pr. & vb. n. Circumnavigating.] Etym: [L. circumnavigatus, p. p. of circumnavigare to sail round; circum + navigare to navigate.]
Defn: To sail completely round. Having circumnavigated the whole earth. T. Fuller.
CIRCUMNAVIGATION Cir`cum*nav`i*ga"tion, n.
Defn: The act of circumnavigating, or sailing round. Arbuthnot.
CIRCUMNAVIGATOR Cir`cum*nav"iga`tor, n.
Defn: One who sails round. W. Guthrie.
CIRCUMNUTATE Cir`cum*nu"tate, v. i. Etym: [Pref. circum- + nutate.]
Defn: To pass through the stages of circumnutation.
CIRCUMNUTATION Cir`cum*nu*ta"tion, n. (Bot.)
Defn: The successive bowing or bending in different directions of the growing tip of the stems of many plants, especially seen in climbing plants.
CIRCUMPOLAR Cir`cum*po"lar, a. Etym: [Pref. circum- + polar.]
Defn: About the pole; -- applied to stars that revolve around the pole without setting; as, circumpolar stars.
CIRCUMPOSITION Cir`cum*po*si"tion, n. Etym: [L. circumpositio, fr. circumponere, - positium, to place around.]
Defn: The act of placing in a circle, or round about, or the state of being so placed. Evelyn.
CIRCUMROTARY; CIRCUMROTATORY Cir`cum*ro"tary, Cir`cum*ro"ta*to*ry, a. Etym: [Pref. circum- + rotary, rotatory.]
Defn: turning, rolling, or whirling round.
CIRCUMROTATE Cir`cum*ro"tate, v. t. & i. Etym: [L. circumrotare; circum + rotare to turn round.]
Defn: To rotate about. [R.]
CIRCUMROTATION Cir`cum*ro*ta"tion, n.
Defn: The act of rolling or revolving round, as a wheel; circumvolution; the state of being whirled round. J. Gregory.
CIRCUMSCISSILE Cir`cum*scis"sile, a. Etym: [Pref. circum- + scissle.] (Bot.)
Defn: Dehiscing or opening by a transverse fissure extending around (a capsule or pod). See Illust. of Pyxidium.
CIRCUMSCRIBABLE Cir`cum*scrib"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being circumscribed.
CIRCUMSCRIBE Cir`cum*scribe", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Circumscribed; p. pr. & vb. n. Circumscribing.] Etym: [L. circumscribere, -scriptum; circum + scribere to write, draw. See Soribe.]
1. to write or engare around. [R.] Thereon is circumscribed this epitaph. Ashmole.
2. To inclose within a certain limit; to hem in; to surround; to bound; to confine; to restrain. To circumscribe royal power. Bancroft.
3. (Geom.)
Defn: To draw a line around si as to touch at certain points without cutting. See Inscribe, 5.
Syn. -- To bound; limit; restrict; confine; abridge; restrain; environ; encircle; inclose; encompass.
CIRCUMSCRIBER Cir`cum*scrib"er, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, circumscribes.
CIRCUMSCRIPTIBLE Cir`cum*scrip"ti*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being circumscribed or limited by bounds.
CIRCUMSCRIPTION Cir`cum*scrip"tion, n. Etym: [L. circumscriptio. See Circumscribe.]
1. An inscription written around anything. [R.] Ashmole.
2. The exterior line which determines the form or magnitude of a body; outline; periphery. Ray.
3. The act of limiting, or the state of being limited, by conditions or restraints; bound; confinement; limit. The circumscriptions of terrestrial nature. Johnson. I would not my unhoused, free condition Put into circumscription and confine. Shak.
CIRCUMSCRIPTIVE Cir`cum*scrip"tive, a.
Defn: Circumscribing or tending to circumscribe; marcing the limits or form of.
CIRCUMSCRIPTIVELY Cir`cum*scrip"tive*ly, adv.
Defn: In a limited manner.
CIRCUMSCRIPTLY Cir"cum*script`ly, adv.
Defn: In a literal, limited, or narrow manner. [R.] Milton.
CIRCUMSPECT Cir"cum*spect, a. Etym: [L. circumspectus, p. p. of circumspicere to look about one's self, to observe; circum + spicere, specere, to look. See Spy.]
Defn: Attentive to all the circustances of a case or the probable consequences of an action; cautious; prudent; wary.
Syn. -- See Cautious.
CIRCUMSPECTION Cir`cum*spec"tion, n. Etym: [L. circumspectio.]
Defn: Attention to all the facts and circumstances of a case; caution; watchfulness. With silent circumspection, unespied. Milton.
Syn. -- Caution; prudence; watchfulness; deliberation; thoughtfulness; wariness; forecast.
CIRCUMSPECTIVE Cir`cum*spec"tive, a.
Defn: Looking around everi way; cautious; careful of consequences; watchful of danger. "Circumspective eyes." Pope.
CIRCUMSPECTIVELY Cir`cum*spec"tive*ly, adv.
Defn: Circumspectly.
CIRCUMSPECTLY Cir"cum*spect"ly, adv.
Defn: In a circumspect manner; cautiously; warily.
CIRCUMSPECTNESS Cir"cum*spect"ness, n.
Defn: Vigilance un guarding against evil from every quarter; caution. [Travel] forces circumspectness on those abroad, who at home are nursed in security. Sir H. Wotton.
CIRCUMSTANCE Cir"cum*stance, n. Etym: [L. circumstantia, fr. circumstans, -antis, p. pr. of circumstare to stand around; circum + stare to stand. See Stand.]
1. That which attends, or relates to, or in some way affects, a fact or event; an attendant thing or state of things. The circumstances are well known in the country where they happened. W. Irving.
2. An event; a fact; a particular incident. The sculptor had in his thoughts the conqoeror weeping for new worlds, or the like circumstances in histery. Addison.
3. Circumlocution; detail. [Obs.] So without more circumstance at all I hold it fit that shake hands and part. Shak.
4. pl.
Defn: Condition in regard to worldly estate; state of property; situation; surroundings. When men are easy in their circumstances, they are naturally enemies to innovations. Addison. Not a circumstance, of no account. [Colloq.] -- Under the circumstances, taking all things into consideration.
Syn. -- Event; occurrence; incident; situation; condition; position; fact; detail; item. See Event.
CIRCUMSTANCE Cir"cum*stance, v. t.
Defn: To place in a particular situation; to suppy relative incidents. The poet took the matters of fact as they came down to him and circumstanced them, after his own manner. Addison.
CIRCUMSTANCED Cir"cum*stanced, p. a.
1. Placed in a particular position or condition; situated. The proposition is, that two bodies so circumstanced will balance each other. Whewell.
2. Governed by events or circumstances. [Poetic & R.] "I must be circumstanced." Shak.
CIRCUMSTANT Cir"cum*stant, a. Etym: [L. circumstans. See Circumstance.]
Defn: Standing or placed around; surrounding. [R.] "Circumstant bodies." Sir K. Digby.
CIRCUMSTANTIABLE Cir`cum*stan"tia*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being circumstantiated. [Obs.] Jer Taylor.
CIRCUMSTANTIAL Cir`cum*stan"tial, a. Etym: [Cf. F. circonstanciel.]
1. Consisting in, or pertaining to, circumstances or particular incidents. The usual character of human testimony is substantial truth under circumstantial variety. Paley.
2. Incidental; relating to, but not essential. We must therefore distinguish between the essentials in religious worship . . . and what is merely circumstantial. Sharp.
3. Abounding with circumstances; detailing or exhibiting all the circumstances; minute; particular. Tedious and circumstantial recitals. Prior. Circumstantial evidence (Law), evidence obtained from circumstances, which necessarily or usually attend facts of a particular nature, from which arises presumption. According to some authorities circumstantial is distinguished from positive evidence in that the latter is the testimony of eyewitnesses to a fact or the admission of a party; but the prevalent opinion now is that all such testimony is dependent on circumstances for its support. All testimony is more or less circumstantial. Wharton.
Syn. -- See Minute.
CIRCUMSTANTIAL Cir`cum*stan"tial, n.
Defn: Something incidental to the main subject, but of less importance; opposed to an essential; -- generally in the plural; as, the circumstantials of religion. Addison.
CIRCUMSTANTIALITY Cir`cum*stan`ti*al"i*ty, n.
Defn: The state, characteristic, or quality of being circumstantial; particularity or minuteness of detail. "I will endeavor to describe with sufficient circumstantiality." De Quincey.
CIRCUMSTANTIALLY Cir`cum*stan"tial*ly, adv.
1. In respect to circumstances; not essentially; accidentally. Of the fancy and intellect, the powers are only circumstantially different. Glanvill.
2. In every circumstance or particular; minutely. To set down somewhat circumstantially, not only the events, but the manner of my trials. Boyle.
CIRCUMSTANTIATE Cir`cum*stan"ti*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Circumstantiated; p. pr. & vb. n. Circumstantiating.] Etym: [See Circumstantiating (
1. To place in particular circumstances; to invest with particular accidents or adjuncts. [R.] If the act were otherwise circumstantiated, it might will that freely which now it wills reluctantly. Bramhall.
2. To prove or confirm by circumstances; to entr into details concerning. Neither will time permint to circumstantiate these particulars, which I have only touched in the general. State Trials (1661).
CIRCUMTERRANEOUS Cir`cum*ter*ra"ne*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. circum- + L. terra earth.]
Defn: Being or dwelling around the earth. "Circumterraneous demouns." H. Hallywell.
CIRCUMUNDULATE Cir`cum*un"du*late, v. t. Etym: [Pref. circum- + undulate.]
Defn: To flow round, as waves. [R.]
CIRCUMVALLATE Cir`cum*val"late, v. t. Etym: [L. circumvallatus, p. p. of circumvallare to surround with a wall; circum + vallare to wall, fr. vallum rampart.]
Defn: To surround with a rampart or wall. Johnson.
CIRCUMVALLATE Cir`cum*val"late, a.
1. Surrounded with a wall; inclosed with a rampart.
2. (Anat.)
Defn: Surrounded by a ridle or elevation; as, the circumvallate papillæ, near the base of the tongue.
CIRCUMVALLATION Cir`cum*val*la"tion, n. (Mil.) (a) The act of surrounding with a wall or rampart. (b) A line of field works made around a besieged place and the besieging army, to protect the camp of the besiegers against the attack of an enemy from without.
CIRCUMVECTION Cir`cum*vec"tion, n. Etym: [L. circumvectio; circum + vehere to carry.]
Defn: The act of carrying anything around, or the state of being so carried.
CIRCUMVENT Cir`cum*vent", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Circumvented; p. pr. vb. n. Circumventing.] Etym: [L. circumventis, p. p. of circumvenire, to come around, encompass, decieve; circum + venire to come, akin to E. come.]
Defn: To gain advantage over by arts, stratagem, or deception; to decieve; to delude; to get around. I circumvented whom I could not gain. Dryden.
CIRCUMVENTION Cir`cum*ven"tion, n. Etym: [L. circumventio.]
Defn: The act of prevailing over another by arts, address, or fraud; deception; fraud; imposture; delusion. A school in which he learns sly circumvention. Cowper.
CIRCUMVENTIVE Cir`cum*vent"ive, a.
Defn: Tending to circumvent; deceiving by artifices; deluding.
CIRCUMVENTOR Cir`cum*vent"or, n. Etym: [L.]
Defn: One who circumvents; one who gains his purpose by cunning.
CIRCUMVEST Cir`cum*vest", v. t. Etym: [L. circumvestire; circum + vestire to clothe.]
Defn: To cover round, as woth a garment; to invest. [Obs.] Circumvested with much prejudice. Sir H. Wotton.
CIRCUMVOLANT Cir*cum"vo*lant, a. Etym: [L. circumvolans, p. pr. See Circumvolation.]
Defn: Flying around. The circumvolant troubles of humanity. G. Macdonald.
CIRCUMVOLATION Cir`cum*vo*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. circumvolate. -volatum, to fly around; circum + volare to fly.]
Defn: The act of flying round. [R.]
CIRCUMVOLUTION Cir`cum*vo*lu"tion, n. Etym: [See Circumvolve.]
1. The act of rolling round; the state of being rolled.
2. A thing rolled round another. Arbuthnot.
3. A roundabout procedure; a circumlocution. He had neither time nor temper for sentimental circumvolutions. Beaconsfield.
CIRCUMVOLVE Cir`cum*volve", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Circumvolved; p. pr. vb. n. Circumvolving.] Etym: [L. circumvolvere, -volutum; circum + volvere to roll.]
Defn: To roll round; to cause to revolve; to put into a circular motion. Herrick.
CIRCUMVOLVE Cir`cum*volve", v. i.
Defn: To roll round; to revolve.
CIRCUS Cir"cus, n.; pl. Circuses. Etym: [L. circus circle, ring, circus (in sense 1). See Circle, and cf. Cirque.]
1. (Roman Antiq.)
Defn: A level oblong space surrounded on three sides by seats of wood, earth, or stone, rising in tiers one above another, and divided lengthwise through the middle by a barrier around which the track or course was laid out. It was used for chariot races, games, and public shows.
Note: The Circus Maximus at Rome could contain more than 100,000 spectators. Harpers' Latin Dict.
2. A circular inclosure for the exhibition of feats of horsemanship, acrobatic displays, etc. Also, the company of performers, with their equipage.
3. Circuit; space; inclosure. [R.] The narrow circus of my dungeon wall. Byron.
CIRL BUNTING Cirl" bun`ting. Etym: [Cf. It. cirlo.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A European bunting (Emberiza cirlus).
CIRQUE Cirque, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. circus.]
1. A circle; a circus; a circular erection or arrangement of objects. A dismal cirque Of Druid stones upon a forlorn moor. Keats.
2. A kind of circular valley in the side of a mountain, walled around by precipices of great height.
CIRRATE Cir"rate, a. Etym: [L. cirratus having ringlets, fr. cirrus a curl.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having cirri along the margin of a part or organ.
CIRRHIFEROUS Cir*rhif"er*ous, a.
Defn: See Cirriferous.
CIRRHOSE Cir"rhose, a.
Defn: Same as Cirrose.
CIRRHOSIS Cir*rho"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. cirrhose. So called from the yellowish appearance which the diseased liver often presents when cut.] (Med.)
Defn: A disease of the liver in which it usually becomes smaller in size and more dense and fibrous in consistence; hence sometimes applied to similar changes in other organs, caused by increase in the fibrous framework and decrease in the proper substance of the organ.
CIRRHOTIC Cir*rhot"ic, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, caused by, or affected with, cirrhosis; as, cirrhotic degeneration; a cirrhotic liver.
CIRRHOUS Cir"rhous, a.
Defn: See Cirrose.
CIRRHUS Cir"rhus, n.
Defn: Same as Cirrus.
CIRRI Cir"ri, n. pl.
Defn: See Cirrus.
CIRRIFEROUS Cir*rif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Cirrus + -ferous.]
Defn: Bearing cirri, as many plants and animals.
CIRRIFORM Cir"ri*form, a. Etym: [Cirrus + -form.] (Biol.)
Defn: Formed like a cirrus or tendril; -- said of appendages of both animals and plants.
CIRRIGEROUS Cir*rig"er*ous, a. Etym: [Cirrus + -gerous.] (Biol.)
Defn: Having curled locks of hair; supporting cirri, or hairlike appendages.
CIRRIGRADE Cir"ri*grade, a. Etym: [Cirrus + L. gradi to walk.] (Biol.)
Defn: Moving or moved by cirri, or hairlike appendages.
CIRRIPED Cir"ri*ped, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the Cirripedia.
CIRRIPEDIA Cir`ri*pe"di*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. cirrus curl + pes, pedis, foot.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: An order of Crustacea including the barnacles. When adult, they have a calcareous shell composed of several pieces. From the opening of the shell the animal throws out a group of curved legs, looking like a delicate curl, whence the name of the group. See Anatifa.
CIRROBRANCHIATA Cir`ro*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. E. cirrus + L. branchiae gills.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A division of Mollusca having slender, cirriform appendages near the mouth; the Scaphopoda.
CIRRO-CUMULUS Cir`ro-cu"mu*lus, n. Etym: [Cirrus + cumulus.] (Meteor.)
Defn: See under Cloud.
CIRROSE Cir"rose, a. Etym: [See Cirrus.] (Bot.) (a) Bearing a tendril or tendrils; as, a cirrose leaf. (b) Resembling a tendril or cirrus. [Spelt also cirrhose.]
CIRROSTOMI Cir`ros"to*mi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. E. cirrus + Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The lowest group of vertebrates; -- so called from the cirri around the mouth; the Leptocardia. See Amphioxus.
CIRRO-STRATUS Cir`ro-stra"tus, n. Etym: [Cirrus + stratus.] (Meteor.)
Defn: See under Cloud.
CIRROUS Cir"rous, a.
1. (Bot.)
Defn: Cirrose.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Tufted; -- said of certain feathers of birds.
CIRRUS Cir"rus, n.; pl. Cirri. Etym: [L., lock, curl, ringlet.] [Also written cirrhus.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A tendril or clasper.
2. (Zoöl.) (a) A soft tactile appendage of the mantle of many Mollusca, and of the parapodia of Annelida. Those near the head of annelids are Tentacular cirri; those of the last segment are caudal cirri. (b) The jointed, leglike organs of Cirripedia. See Annelida, and Polychæta.
Note: In some of the inferior animals the cirri aid in locomotion; in others they are used in feeding; in the Annelida they are mostly organs of touch. Some cirri are branchial in function.
3. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The external male organ of trematodes and some other worms, and of certain Mollusca.
4. (Meteor.)
Defn: See under Cloud.
CIRSOCELE Cir"so*cele, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)
Defn: The varicose dilatation of the spermatic vein.
CIRSOID Cir"soid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Med.)
Defn: Varicose. Cirsoid aneurism, a disease of an artery in which it becomes dilated and elongated, like a varicose vein.
CIRSOTOMY Cir*sot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Surg.)
Defn: Any operation for the removal of varices by incision. Dunglison.
CIS- Cis-.
Defn: A Latin preposition, sometimes used as a prefix in English words, and signifying on this side.
CISALPINE Cis*al"pine, a. Etym: [L. Cisalpinus; cis on this side + Alpinus Alpine.]
Defn: On the hither side of the Alps with reference to Rome, that is, on the south side of the Alps; -- opposed to transalpine.
CISATLANTIC Cis`at*lan"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. cis- + Atlantic.]
Defn: On this side of the Atlantic Ocean; -- used of the eastern or the western side, according to the standpoint of the writer. Story.
CISCO Cis"co, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The Lake herring (Coregonus Artedi), valuable food fish of the Great Lakes of North America. The name is also applied to C. Hoyi, a related species of Lake Michigan.
CISELURE Ci`se*lure", n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: The process of chasing on metals; also, the work thus chased. Weale.
CISLEITHAN Cis*lei"than, a. Etym: [Pref. cis- + Leitha.]
Defn: On the Austrian side of the river Leitha; Austrian.
CISMONTANE Cis*mon"tane, a. Etym: [Pref. cis- + L. mons mountain.]
Defn: On this side of the mountains. See under Ultramontane.
CISPADANE Cis"pa*dane`, a. Etym: [Pref. cis- + L. Padanus, pert. to the Padus or Po.]
Defn: On the hither side of the river Po with reference to Rome; that is, on the south side.
CISSOID Cis"soid, n. Etym: [Gr. (Geom.)
Defn: A curve invented by Diocles, for the purpose of solving two celebrated problems of the higher geometry; viz., to trisect a plane angle, and to construct two geometrical means between two given straight lines.
CIST Cist, n. Etym: [L. cista box, chest, Gr. Chest.]
1. (Antiq.)
Defn: A box or chest. Specifically: (a) A bronze receptacle, round or oval, frequently decorated with engravings on the sides and cover, and with feet, handles, etc., of decorative castings. (b) A cinerary urn. See Illustration in Appendix.
2. See Cyst.
CISTED Cist"ed, a.
Defn: Inclosed in a cyst. See Cysted.
CISTERCIAN Cis*ter"cian, n. Etym: [LL. Cistercium. F. Cîteaux, a convent not far from Dijon, in France: cf. F. cistercien.] (Eccl.)
Defn: A monk of the prolific branch of the Benedictine Order, established in 1098 at Cîteaux, in France, by Robert, abbot of Molesme. For two hundred years the Cistercians followed the rule of St. Benedict in all its rigor. -- a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Cistercians.
CISTERN Cis"tern, n. Etym: [OE. cisterne, OF. cisterne, F. cisterne, fr. L. cisterna, fr. cista box, chest. See Cist, and cf. chest.]
1. An artificial reservoir or tank for holding water, beer, or other liquids.
2. A natural reservoir; a hollow place containing water. "The wide cisterns of the lakes." Blackmore.
CISTIC Cist"ic, a.
Defn: See Cystic.
CIT Cit (, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. citizen.]
Defn: A citizen; an inhabitant of a city; a pert townsman; -- used contemptuously. "Insulted as a cit". Johnson Which past endurance sting the tender cit. Emerson.
CITABLE Cit"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being cited.
CITADEL Cit"a*del, n. Etym: [F. citadelle, It. citadella, dicitt city, fr. L. civitas. See City.]
Defn: A fortress in or near a fortified city, commanding the city and fortifications, and intended as a final point of defense. Syn. - Stronghold. See Fortress.
CITAL Cit"al, n. Etym: [From Cite]
1. Summons to appear, as before a judge. [R.] Johnson
2. Citation; quotation [R.] Johnson.
CITATION Ci*ta"tion, n. Etym: [F. citation, LL. citatio, fr.L. citare to cite. See Cite]
1. An official summons or notice given to a person to appear; the paper containing such summons or notice.
2. The act of citing a passage from a book, or from another person, in his own words; also, the passage or words quoted; quotation. This horse load of citations and fathers. Milton.
3. Enumeration; mention; as, a citation of facts.
4. (Law)
Defn: A reference to decided cases, or books of authority, to prove a point in law.
CITATOR Ci*ta"tor, n.
Defn: One who cites. [R]
CITATORY Ci"ta*to*ry, a. Etym: [LL. citatirius.]
Defn: Having the power or form of a citation; as, letters citatory.
CITE Cite, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cited; p. pr. & vb. n. Citing] Etym: [F. citer, fr. L. citare, intens. of cire, ciere, to put in motion, to excite; akin to Gr.
1. To call upon officially or authoritatively to appear, as before a court; to summon. The cited dead, Of all past ages, to the general doom Shall hasten. Milton. Cited by finger of God. De Quincey.
2. To urge; to enjoin. [R.] Shak.
3. To quote; to repeat, as a passage from a book, or the words of another. The devil can cite Scripture for his purpose. Shak.
4. To refer to or specify, as for support, proof, illustration, or confirmation. The imperfections which you have cited. Shak.
5. To bespeak; to indicate. [Obs.] Aged honor cites a virtuous youth. Shak.
6. (Law)
Defn: To notify of a proceeding in court. Abbot
Syn. -- To quote; mention, name; refer to; adduce; select; call; summon. See Quote.
CITER Cit"er, n.
Defn: One who cites.
CITESS Cit"ess, n. Etym: [From Cit.]
Defn: A city woman [R.]
CITHARA Cith"a*ra, n. Etym: [L. Cf. Cittern, Guitar.] (Mus.)
Defn: An ancient instrument resembling the harp.
CITHARISTIC Cith`a*ris"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: Pertaining, or adapted, to the cithara.
CITHERN Cith"ern, n.
Defn: See Cittern.
CITICISM Cit"i*cism, n. Etym: [From cit.]
Defn: The manners of a cit or citizen.
CITIED Cit"ied, a.
1. Belonging to, or resembling, a city. "Smoky, citied towns" [R.] Drayton.
2. Containing, or covered with, cities. [R.] "The citied earth." Keats.
CITIFIED Cit"i*fied, a. Etym: [City +-fy.]
Defn: Aping, or having, the manners of a city.
CITIGRADAE Cit`i*gra"dæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. citus swift (p. p. of cire, ciere, to move) + gradi to walk. See Cite.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A suborder of Arachnoidea, including the European tarantula and the wolf spiders (Lycosidae) and their allies, which capture their prey by rapidly running and jumping. See Wolf spider.
CITIGRADE Cit"i*grade, a. Etym: [Cf. F. citigrade.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Pertaining to the Citigradæ. -- n.
Defn: One of the Citigradæ.
CITINER Cit"i*ner, n.
Defn: One who is born or bred in a city; a citizen. [Obs.] Champan.
CITIZEN Cit"i*zen, n. Etym: [OE. citisein, OF. citeain, F. citoyen, fr. cité city. See City, and cf. Cit.]
1. One who enjoys the freedom and privileges of a city; a freeman of a city, as distinguished from a foreigner, or one not entitled to its franchises. That large body of the working men who were not counted as citizens and had not so much as a vote to serve as an anodyne to their stomachs. G. Eliot.
2. An inhabitant of a city; a townsman. Shak.
3. A person, native or naturalized, of either sex, who owes allegiance to a government, and is entitled to reciprocal protection from it.
Note: This protection is . . . national protection, recognition of the individual, in the face of foreign nations, as a member of the state, and assertion of his security and rights abroad as well as at home. Abbot
4. One who is domiciled in a country, and who is a citizen, though neither native nor naturalized, in such a sense that he takes his legal status from such country.
CITIZEN Cit"i*zen, a.
1. Having the condition or qualities of a citizen, or of citizens; as, a citizen soldiery.
2. Of or pertaining to the inhabitants of a city; characteristic of citizens; effeminate; luxurious. [Obs.] I am not well, But not so citizen a wanton as To seem to die ere sick. Shak.
CITIZENESS Cit"i*zen*ess, n.
Defn: A female citizen. [R.]
CITIZENSHIP Cit"i*zen*ship, n.
Defn: The state of being a citizen; the status of a citizen.
CITOLE Cit"ole, n. Etym: [OF. citole, fr. L. cithara. See Cittern.] (Mus.)
Defn: A musical instrument; a kind of dulcimer. [Obs.]
CITRACONIC Cit`ra*con"ic, a. Etym: [Citric + aconitic.]
Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or having certain characteristics of, citric and aconitic acids. Citraconic acid (Chem.), a white, crystalline, deliquescent substance, C3H4(CO2H)2, obtained by distillation of citric acid. It is a compound of the ethylene series.
CITRANGE Cit"range, n. [Citrus + orange.]
Defn: A citrous fruit produced by a cross between the sweet orange and the trifoliate orange (Citrus trifoliata). It is more acid and has a more pronounced aroma than the orange; the tree is hardier. There are several varieties.
CITRATE Cit"rate, n. Etym: [From Citric.] (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of citric acid.
CITRIC Cit"ric, a. Etym: [Cf. F. citrique. See Citron.] (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the citron or lemon; as, citric acid. Citric acid (Chem.), an organic acid, C3H4OH.(CO2H)3, extracted from lemons, currants, gooseberies, etc., as a white crystalline substance, having a pleasant sour taste.
CITRINATION Cit`ri*na"tion, n. Etym: [See Citrine.]
Defn: The process by which anything becomes of the color of a lemon; esp., in alchemy, the state of perfection in the philosopher's stone indicated by its assuming a deep yellow color. Thynne.
CITRINE Cit"rine, a. Etym: [F. citrin. See Citron.]
Defn: Like a citron or lemon; of a lemon color; greenish yellow. Citrine ointment (Med.), a yellowish mercurial ointment, the unquentum hydrargyri nitratis.
CITRINE Cit"rine, n.
Defn: A yellow, pellucid variety of quartz.
CITRON Cit"ron, n. Etym: [F. citron, LL. citro, fr. L. citrus citron tree (cf. citreum, sc. malum, a citron), from Gr.
1. (Bot)
Defn: A fruit resembling a lemon, but larger, and pleasantly aromatic. The thick rind, when candied, is the citron of commerce.
2. A citron tree.
3. A citron melon. Citron melon. (a) A small variety of muskmelon with sugary greenish flesh. (b) A small variety of watermelon, whose solid white flesh is used in making sweetmeats and preserves. -- Citron tree (Bot.), the tree which bears citrons. It was probably a native of northern India, and is now understood to be the typical form of Citrus Medica.
CITRUS Cit"rus, n. Etym: [L., a citron tree.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of trees including the orange, lemon, citron, etc., originally natives of southern Asia.
CITTERN Cit"tern, n. Etym: [L.cithara, Gr. Cithara, Gittern.] (Mus.)
Defn: An instrument shaped like a lute, but strung with wire and played with a quill or plectrum. [Written also cithern.] Shak.
Note: Not to be confounded with zither.
CITTERN-HEAD Cit"tern-head`, n.
Defn: Blockhead; dunce; -- so called because the handle of a cittern usually ended with a carved head. Marsion
CITY Cit"y (, n.; pl. Cities. Etym: [OE. cite, F. citcivitas citizenship, state, city, fr. civis citizen; akin to Goth. heiwa (in heiwafrauja man of the house), AS. heirath marriage, prop., providing a house, E. hind a peasant.]
1. A large town.
2. A corporate town; in the United States, a town or collective body of inhabitants, incorporated and governed by a mayor and aldermen or a city council consisting of a board of aldermen and a common council; in Great Britain, a town corporate, which is or has been the seat of a bishop, or the capital of his see. A city is a town incorporated; which is, or has been, the see of a bishop; and though the bishopric has been dissolved, as at Westminster, it yet remaineth a city. Blackstone When Gorges constituted York a city, he of course meant it to be the seat of a bishop, for the word city has no other meaning in English law. Palfrey
3. The collective body of citizens, or inhabitants of a city. "What is the city but the people" Shak.
Syn. -- See Village.
CITY Cit"y, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a city. Shak. City council. See under Council. -- City court, The municipal court of a city. [U. S.] -- City ward, a watchman, or the collective watchmen, of a city. [Obs.] Fairfax.
CIVE Cive, n. (Bot.)
Defn: Same as Chive.
CIVET Civ"et, n. Etym: [F. civette (cf. It. zibetto) civet, civet cat, fr. LGr. zub, zab, civet.]
1. A substance, of the consistence of butter or honey, taken from glands in the anal pouch of the civet (Viverra civetta). It is of clear yellowish or brownish color, of a strong, musky odor, offensive when undiluted, but agreeble when a small portion is mixed with another substance. It is used as a perfume.
2. (Zoöl)
Defn: The animal that produces civet (Viverra civetta); -- called also civet cat. It is carnivorous, from two to three feet long, and of a brownish gray color, with transverse black bands and spots on the body and tail. It is a native of northern Africa and of Asia. The name is also applied to other species.
CIVET Civ"et, v. t.
Defn: To scent or perfume with civet. Cowper
CIVIC Civ"ic, a. Etym: [L.civicus, fr. civis citizen. See City.]
Defn: Relating to, or derived from, a city or citizen; relating to man as a member of society, or to civil affairs. Civic crown (Rom. Antiq.), a crown or garland of oak leaves and acorns, bestowed on a soldier who had saved the life of a citizen in battle.
CIVICISM Civ"i*cism, n.
Defn: The principle of civil government.
CIVICS Civ"ics, n.
Defn: The science of civil government.
CIVIL Civ"il, a. Etym: [L. civilis, fr. civis citizen: cf. F. civil. See City.]
1. Pertaining to a city or state, or to a citizen in his relations to his fellow citizens or to the state; within the city or state.
2. Subject to government; reduced to order; civilized; not barbarous; -- said of the community. England was very rude and barbarous; for it is but even the other day since England grew civil. Spenser.
3. Performing the duties of a citizen; obedient to government; -- said of an individual. Civil men come nearer the saints of God than others; they come within a step or two of heaven. Preston
4. Having the manners of one dwelling in a city, as opposed to those of savages or rustics; polite; courteous; complaisant; affable.
Note: "A civil man now is one observant of slight external courtesies in the mutual intercourse between man and man; a civil man once was one who fulfilled all the duties and obligations flowing from his position as a 'civis' and his relations to the other members of that 'civitas.'" Trench
5. Pertaining to civic life and affairs, in distinction from military, ecclesiastical, or official state.
6. Relating to rights and remedies sought by action or suit distinct from criminal proceedings. Civil action, an action to enforce the rights or redress the wrongs of an individual, not involving a criminal proceeding. -- Civil architecture, the architecture which is employed in constructing buildings for the purposes of civil life, in distinction from military and naval architecture, as private houses, palaces, churches, etc. -- Civil death. (Law.) See under Death. -- Civil engineering. See under Engineering. -- Civil law. See under Law. -- Civil list. See under List. -- Civil remedy (Law), that given to a person injured, by action, as opposed to a criminal prosecution. -- Civil service, all service rendered to and paid for by the state or nation other than that pertaining to naval or military affairs. -- Civil service reform, the substitution of business principles and methods for the spoils system in the conduct of the civil service, esp. in the matter of appointments to office. -- Civil state, the whole body of the laity or citizens not included under the military, maritime, and ecclesiastical states. -- Civil suit. Same as Civil action. -- CCivil war. See under War. -- Civil year. See under Year.
CIVILIAN Ci*vil"ian, n. Etym: [From Civil]
1. One skilled in the civil law. Ancient civilians and writers upon government. Swift.
2. A student of the civil law at a university or college. R. Graves.
3. One whose pursuits are those of civil life, not military or clerical.
CIVILIST Civ"il*ist, n.
Defn: A civilian. [R.] Warbur
CIVILITY Ci*vil"i*ty, n.; pl. Civilities. Etym: [L. civilitas: cf. F. civilité. See Civil.]
1. The state of society in which the relations and duties of a citizen are recognized and obeyed; a state of civilization. [Obs.] Monarchies have risen from barbarrism to civility, and fallen again to ruin. Sir J. Davies. The gradual depature of all deeper signification from the word civility has obliged the creation of another word -- civilization. Trench.
2. A civil office, or a civil process [Obs.] To serve in a civility. Latimer.
3. Courtesy; politeness; kind attention; good breeding; a polite act or expression. The insolent civility of a proud man is, if possible, more shocking than his rudeness could be. Chesterfield. The sweet civilities of life. Dryden.
Syn. -- Urbanity; affability; complaisance.
CIVILIZABLE Civ"i*li`za*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being civilized.
CIVILIZATION Civ`i*li*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. civilisation.]
1. The act of civilizing, or the state of being civilized; national culture; refinement. Our manners, our civilization, and all the good things connected with manners, and with civilization, have, in this European world of ours, depended for ages upon two principles -- . . . the spirit of a gentleman, and spirit of religion. Burke
2. (Law)
Defn: Rendering a criminal process civil. [Obs.]
CIVILIZE Civ"i*lize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Civilized; p. pr. & vb. n. Civilizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. civilizer, fr.L. civilis civil. See Civil.]
1. To reclaim from a savage state; to instruct in the rules and customs of civilization; to educate; to refine. Yet blest that fate which did his arms dispose Her land to civilize, as to subdue. Dryden
2. To admit as suitable to a civilized state. [Obs. or R.] "Civilizing adultery." Milton.
Syn. -- To polish; refine; humanize.
CIVILIZED Civ"i*lized, a.
Defn: Reclaimed from savage life and manners; instructed in arts, learning, and civil manners; refined; cultivated. Sale of conscience and duty in open market is not reconcilable with the present state of civilized society. J. Quincy.
CIVILIZER Civ"i*li*zer, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, civilizes or tends to civilize.
CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION Civil Service Commission.
Defn: In the United States, a commission appointed by the President, consisting of three members, not more than two of whom may be adherents of the same party, which has the control, through examinations, of appointments and promotions in the classified civil service. It was created by act of Jan, 16, 1883 (22 Stat. 403).
CIVIL SERVICE REFORM Civil Service Reform.
Defn: The substitution of business principles and methods for political methods in the conduct of the civil service. esp. the merit system instead of the spoils system in making appointments to office.
CIVILY Civ"i*ly, adv.
Defn: In a civil manner; as regards civil rights and privileges; politely; courteously; in a well bred manner.
CIVISM Civ"ism, n. Etym: [Cf.F. civisme, fr.L. civis citizen.]
Defn: State of citizenship. [R.] Dyer.
CIZAR Ciz"ar, v. i. Etym: [From Cizars.]
Defn: To clip with scissors. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
CIZARS Ciz"ars, n. pl.
Defn: Scissors. [Obs.] Swift.
CIZE Cize, n.
Defn: Bulk; largeness. [Obs.] See Size.
CLABBER Clab"ber, n. Etym: [See Bonnyclabber]
Defn: Milk curdled so as to become thick.
CLABBER Clab"ber, v. i.
Defn: To become clabber; to lopper.
CLACHAN Clach"an, n. Etym: [Scot., fr.Gael.]
Defn: A small village containing a church. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott Sitting at the clachon alehouse. R. L. Stevenson.
CLACK Clack, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Clacked;p. pr. & vb. n. Clacking.] Etym: [Prob. of imitative origin; cf. F.claquer to clap, crack, D. klakken, MHG. klac crack, Ir. clagaim I make a noise, ring. Cf. Clack, n., Clatter, Click.]
1. To make a sudden, sharp noise, or a succesion of such noises, as by striking an object, or by collision of parts; to rattle; to click. We heard Mr.Hodson's whip clacking on the ahoulders of the poor little wretches. Thackeray.
2. To utter words rapidly and continually, or with abruptness; to let the tongue run.
CLACK Clack, v. t.
1. To cause to make a sudden, sharp noise, or succession of noises; to click.
2. To utter rapidly and inconsiderately. Feltham. To clack wool, to cut off the sheep's mark, in order to make the wool weigh less and thus yield less duty. [Eng.]
CLACK Clack, n. Etym: [Cf. F. claque a slap or smack, MHG. klac crack, W. clec crack, gossip. See Clack, v. t.]
1. A sharp, abrupt noise, or succession of noises, made by striking an object.
2. Anything that causes a clacking noise, as the clapper of a mill, or a clack valve.
3. Continual or importunate talk; prattle; prating. Whose chief intent is to vaunt his spiritual clack. South. Clack box (Mach.), the box or chamber in which a clack valve works. -- Clack dish, a dish with a movable lid, formerly carried by beggars, who clacked the lid to attract notice. Shak. Clack door (Mining), removable cover of the opening through which access is had to a pump valve. -- Clack valve (Mach.), a valve; esp. one hinged at one edge, which, when raised from its seat, falls with a clacking sound.
CLACKER Clack"er, n.
1. One who clacks; that which clacks; especially, the clapper of a mill.
2. A claqueur. See Claqueur.
CLAD Clad, v.t
Defn: To clothe. [Obs.] Holland.
CLAD Clad,
Defn: imp. & p. p. of Clothe.
CLADOCERA Cla*doc"e*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: An order of the Entomostraca.
Note: They have a bivalve shell, covering the body but not the head, and from four to six pairs of legs and two pairs of antenæ, for use in swimming. They mostly inhabit fresh water.
CLADOPHYLL Clad"o*phyll, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: A special branch, resembling a leaf, as in the apparent foliage of the broom (Ruscus) and of the common cultivated smilax (Myrsiphillum).
CLAGGY Clag"gy, a. Etym: [Cf. Clog.]
Defn: Adhesive; -- said of a roof in a mine to which coal clings.
CLAIK Claik, n.
Defn: See Clake.
CLAIM Claim (klam), v. [imp. & p. p. Claimed (klamd); p. pr. & vb. n. Claiming.] Etym: [OE. clamen, claimen, OF. clamer, fr. L. clamare to cry out, call; akin to calare to proclaim, Gr. kal to sound, G. holen to fetch, E. hale haul.]
1. To ask for, or seek to obtain, by virtue of authority, right, or supposed right; to challenge as a right; to demand as due.
2. To proclaim. [Obs.] Spenser.
3. To call or name. [Obs.] Spenser.
4. To assert; to maintain. [Colloq.]
CLAIM Claim, v. i.
Defn: To be entitled to anything; to deduce a right or title; to have a claim. We must know how the first ruler, from whom any one claims, came by his authority. Locke.
CLAIM Claim, n. Etym: [Of. claim cry, complaint, from clamer. See Claim, v.t.]
1. A demand of a right or supposed right; a calling on another for something due or supposed to be due; an assertion of a right or fact.
2. A right to claim or demand something; a title to any debt, privilege, or other thing in possession of another; also, a title to anything which another should give or concede to, or confer on, the claimant. "A bar to all claims upon land." Hallam.
3. The thing claimed or demanded; that (as land) to which any one intends to establish a right; as a settler's claim; a miner's claim. [U.S. & Australia]
4. A laoud call. [Obs.] Spenser To lay claim to, to demand as a right. "Doth he lay claim to thine inheritance" Shak.
CLAIMABLE Claim"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being claimed.
CLAIMANT Claim"ant, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. clamant, p. pr. of clamer. Cf.Clamant.]
Defn: One who claims; one who asserts a right or title; a claimer.
CLAIMER Claim"er, n.
Defn: One who claims; a claimant.
CLAIMLESS Claim"less, a.
Defn: Having no claim.
CLAIRAUDIENCE Clair*au"di*ence, n. [F. clair clear + F. & E. audience a hearing. See Clear.]
Defn: Act of hearing, or the ability to hear, sounds not normally audible; -- usually claimed as a special faculty of spiritualistic mediums, or the like.
CLAIRAUDIENT Clair*au"di*ent, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, clairaudience.
CLAIRAUDIENT Clair*au"di*ent, n.
Defn: One alleged to have the power of clairaudience.
CLAIRE Claire, n. [F.]
Defn: A small inclosed pond used for gathering and greening oysters.
CLAIR-OBSCUR Clair"-ob*scur" (, n. Etym: [F. See Clare-obscure.]
Defn: See Chiaroscuro.
CLAIRVOYANCE Clair*voy"ance, n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: A power, attributed to some persons while in a mesmeric state, of discering objects not perceptible by the senses in their normal condition.
CLAIRVOYANT Clair*voy"ant, a. Etym: [F., fr. clair clear + voyant, p. pr. of voir to see. See Clear, and Vision.]
Defn: Pertaining to clairvoyance; discerning objects while in a mesmeric state which are not present to the senses.
CLAIRVOYANT Clair*voy"ant n.
Defn: One who is able, when in a mesmeric state, to discern objects not present to the senses.
CLAKE; CLAIK Clake, Claik, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The bernicle goose; -- called also clack goose.
CLAM Clam, n. Etym: [Cf. Clamp, Clam, v. t., Clammy.]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A bivalve mollusk of many kinds, especially those that are edible; as, the long clam (Mya arenaria), the quahog or round clam (Venus mercenaria), the sea clam or hen clam (Spisula solidissima), and other species of the United States. The name is said to have been given originally to the Tridacna gigas, a huge East Indian bivalve. You shall scarce find any bay or shallow shore, or cove of sand, where you may not take many clampes, or lobsters, or both, at your pleasure. Capt. John Smith (1616). Clams, or clamps, is a shellfish not much unlike a coclke; it lieth under the sand. Wood (1634).
2. (Ship Carp.)
Defn: Strong pinchers or forceps.
3. pl. (Mech.)
Defn: A kind of vise, usually of wood. Blood clam. See under Blood.
CLAM Clam (clam), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clammed; p. pr. & vb. n. Clamming.] Etym: [Cf. AS. clæman to clam, smear; akin to Icel. kleima to smear, OHG. kleimjan, chleimen, to defile, or E. clammy.]
Defn: To clog, as with glutinous or viscous matter. A swarm of wasps got into a honey pot, and there they cloyed and clammed Themselves till there was no getting out again. L'Estrange.
CLAM Clam, v. i.
Defn: To be moist or glutinous; to stick; to adhere. [R.] Dryden
CLAM Clam, n.
Defn: Claminess; moisture. [R.] "The clam of death." Carlyle.
CLAM Clam, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. clamor.]
Defn: A crash or clangor made by ringing all the bells of a chime at once. Nares.
CLAM Clam, v. t. & i.
Defn: To produce, in bell ringing, a clam or clangor; to cause to clang. Nares.
CLAMANT Cla"mant, a. Etym: [L. clamans, p. pr. of clamare to call. Cf. Claimant.]
Defn: Crying earnestly, beseeching clamorousky. "Clamant children." Thomson.
CLAMATION Cla*ma"tion, n. Etym: [LL. clamatio, fr. L. clamare to call.]
Defn: The act of crying out. Sir T. Browne.
CLAMATORES Clam`a*to"res, n. pl. Etym: [L. clamator, pl. clamatores, a bawler.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A division of passerine birds in which the vocal muscles are but little developed, so that they lack the power of singing.
CLAMATORIAL Clam`a*to"rial, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Like or pertaining to the Clamatores.
CLAMBAKE Clam"bake, n.
Defn: The backing or steaming of clams on heated stones, between layers of seaweed; hence, a picnic party, gathered on such an occasion.
CLAMBER Clam"ber, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Clambered; p. pr. & vb. n. Clambering.] Etym: [OE clambren, clameren, to heap together, climb; akin to Icel. klambra to clamp, G. klammern. Cf. Clamp, Climb.]
Defn: To climb with difficulty, or with hands and feet; -- also used figuratively. The narrow street that clambered toward the mill. Tennyson.
CLAMBER Clam"ber, n.
Defn: The act of clambering. T. Moore.
CLAMBER Clam"ber, v. t.
Defn: To ascend by climbing with difficulty. Clambering the walls to eye him. Shak.
CLAMJAMPHRIE Clam*jam"phrie, n.
Defn: Low, worthless people; the rabble. [Scot.] Jamieson.
CLAMMILY Clam"mi*ly, adv.
Defn: In a clammy manner. "Oozing so clammily." Hood.
CLAMMINESS Clam"mi*ness, n.
Defn: State of being clammy or viscous.
CLAMMY Clam"my, a. [Compar. Clammier; superl. Clammiest.] Etym: [Cf. AS. clam clay. See Clam to clog, and cf. Clay.]
Defn: Having the quality of being viscous or adhesive; soft and sticky; glutinous; damp and adhesive, as if covered with a cold perspiration.
CLAMOR Clam"or, n. Etym: [OF. clamour, clamur, F. clameur, fr. L. clamor, fr. clamare to cry out. See Claim.]
1. A great outcry or vociferation; loud and continued shouting or exclamation. Shak.
2. Any loud and continued noise. Addison.
3. A continued expression of dissatisfaction or discontent; a popular outcry. Macaulay.
Syn. -- Outcry; exclamation; noise; uproar.
CLAMOR Clam"or, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clamored; p. pr. & vb. n. Clamoring.]
1. To salute loudly. [R.] The people with a shout Rifted the air, clamoring their god with praise. Milton .
2. To stun with noise. [R.] Bacon.
3. To utter loudly or repeatedly; to shout. Clamored their piteous prayer incessantly. Longfellow. To clamor bells, to repeat the strokes quickly so as to produce a loud clang. Bp. Warbur
CLAMOR Clam"or, v. i.
Defn: To utter loud sounds or outcries; to vociferate; to complain; to make importunate demands. The obscure bird Clamored the livelong night. Shak.
CLAMORER Clam"or*er, n.
Defn: One who clamors.
CLAMOROUS Clam"or*ous, a. Etym: [LL. clamorosus, for L. Clamosus: cf. OF. clamoreux.]
Defn: Speaking and repeating loud words; full of clamor; calling or demanding loudly or urgently; vociferous; noisy; bawling; loud; turbulent. "My young ones were clamorous for a morning's excursion." Southey. -- Clam"or*ous*ly, adv. -- Clam"or*ous*ness, n.
CLAMP Clamp, n. Etym: [Cf. LG. & D. klamp, Dan. klampe, also D. klampen to fasten, clasp. Cf. Clam, Cramp.]
1. Something rigid that holds fast or binds things together; a piece of wood or metal, used to hold two or more pieces together.
2. (a) An instrument with a screw or screws by which work is held in its place or two parts are temporarily held together. (b) (Joinery) A piece of wood placed across another, or inserted into another, to bind or strengthen.
3. One of a pair of movable pieces of lead, or other soft material, to cover the jaws of a vise and enable it to grasp without bruising.
4. (Shipbuilding)
Defn: A thick plank on the inner part of a ship's side, used to sustuan the ends of beams.
5. A mass of bricks heaped up to be burned; or of ore for roasting, or of coal coking.
6. A mollusk. See Clam. [Obs.] Clamp nails, nails used to fasten on clamps in ships.
CLAMP Clamp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clamped p. pr. & vb. n. Clamping.]
1. To fasten with a clamp or clamps; to apply a clamp to; to place in a clamp.
2. To cover, as vegetables, with earth. [Eng.]
CLAMP Clamp, n. Etym: [Prob. an imitative word. Cf.Clank.]
Defn: A heavy footstep; a tramp.
CLAMP Clamp, v. i.
Defn: To tread heavily or clumsily; to clump. The policeman with clamping feet. Thackeray.
CLAMPER Clamp"er, n.
Defn: An instrument of iron, with sharp prongs, attached to a boot or shoe to enable the wearer to walk securely upon ice; a creeper. Kane.
CLAN Clan, n. Etym: [Gael. clann offspring, descendants; akin to Ir. clann, cland, offspring, tribe, family; perh. from L. plania scion, slip, cutting. Cf. Plant, n.]
1. A tribe or collection of families, united under a chieftain, regarded as having the same common ancestor, and bearing the same surname; as, the clan of Macdonald. "I have marshaled my clan." Campbell.
2. A clique; a sect, society, or body of persons; esp., a body of persons united by some common interest or pursuit; -- sometimes used contemptuously. Partidge and the rest of his clan may hoot me. Smolett. The whole clan of the enlightened among us. Burke.
CLANCULAR Clan"cu*lar, a. Etym: [L. clancularius , from clanculum secretly, adv. dim. of clam secretly.]
Defn: Conducted with secrecy; clandestine; concealed. [Obs.] Not close and clancular, but frank and open. Barrow.
CLANCULARLY Clan"cu*lar*ly, adv.
Defn: privately; secretly. [Obs.]
CLANDESTINE Clan*des"tine, a. Etym: [L. clandestinus, fr. clam secretly; akin to celare, E. conceal: cf. F. clandestin.]
Defn: Conducted with secrecy; withdrawn from public notice, usually for an evil purpose; kept secret; hidden; private; underhand; as, a clandestine marriage. Locke.
Syn. -- Hidden; secret; private; concealed; underhand; sly; stealthy; surreptitious; furtive; fraudulent. -- Clan*des"tine*ly, adv. -- Clan*des"tine*ness, n.
CLANDESTINITY Clan`des*tin"i*ty, n.
Defn: Privacy or secrecy. [R.]
CLANG Clang, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clanged; p. pr. & vb. n. Clanging.] Etym: [L. clangere; akin to Gr. clank.]
Defn: To strike together so as to produce a ringing metallic sound. The fierce Caretes . . . clanged their sounding arms. Prior.
CLANG Clang, v. i.
Defn: To give out a clang; to resound. "Clanging hoofs." Tennyson.
CLANG Clang, n.
1. A loud, ringing sound, like that made by metallic substances when clanged or struck together. The broadsword's deadly clang, As if a thousand anvils rang. Sir W. Scott.
2. (Mus.)
Defn: Qualyty of tone.
CLANGOR Clan"gor, n. Etym: [L., fr. clangere. See Clang, v. t.]
Defn: A sharp, harsh, ringing sound. Dryden.
CLANGOROUS Clan"gor*ous, a. Etym: [LL. clangorosus.]
Defn: Making a clangor; having a ringing, metallic sound.
CLANGOUS Clan"gous, a.
Defn: Making a clang, or a ringing metallic sound. [Obs.]
CLANJAMFRIE Clan*jam"frie, n.
Defn: Same as Clamjamphrie. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
CLANK Clank, n. Etym: [Akin to clink, and of imitative origin; cf. G. klang sound, D. klank. Cf. Clang.]
Defn: A sharp, brief, ringing sound, made by a collision of metallic or other sonorous bodies; -- usually expressing a duller or less resounding sound than clang, and a deeper and stronger sound than clink. But not in chains to pine, His spirit withered with tyeur clank. Byron.
CLANK Clank, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clanked; p. pr. & vb. n. Clanking.]
Defn: To cause to sound with a clank; as, the prisoners clank their chains.
CLANK Clank, v. i.
Defn: To sound with a clank.
CLANKLESS Clank"less, a.
Defn: Without a clank. Byreon.
CLAN-NA-GAEL Clan"-na-Gael", n. [Ir., clan of the Gaels.]
Defn: A secret society of Irish Fenians founded in Philadelphia in 1881.
CLANNISH Clan"nish, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a clan; closely united, like a clan; disposed to associate only with one's clan or clique; actuated by the traditions, prejudices, habits, etc., of a clan. -- Clan"nish*ly, adv. -- Clan"nish*ness, n.
CLANSHIP Clan"ship, n.
Defn: A state of being united togheter as in a clan; an association under a chieftain.
CLANSMAN Clans"man, n.; pl. Clansmen.
Defn: One belonging to the same clan with another.
CLAP Clap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clapped; p. pr. & vb. n. Clapping.] Etym: [AS. clappan; akin to Icel. & Sw. klappa, D, klappen, to clap, prate, G. klaffen, v.i., to split open, yelp, klopfen, v.t. & i., to knock.]
1. To strike; to slap; to strike, or strike together, with a quick motion, so, as to make a sharp noise; as, to clap one's hands; a clapping of wings. Then like a bird it sits and sings, And whets and claps its silver wings. Marvell.
2. To thrust, drive, put, or close, in a hasty or abrupt manner; -- often followed by to, into, on, or upon. He had just time to get in and clap to the door. Locke Clap an extinguaisher upon your irony. Lamb.
3. To manifest approbation of, by striking the hands together; to applaud; as, to clap a performance. To clap hands. (a) To pledge faith by joining hands. [Obs.] Shak. (b) To express contempt or derision. [Obs.] Lam. ii. 15. To clap hold of, to seize roughly or quickly. -- To clap up. (a) To imprison hastily or without due formality. (b) To make or contrive hastily. [Obs.] "Was ever match clapped up so suddenly" Shak.
CLAP Clap, v. i.
1. To knock, as at a door. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. To strike the hands together in applause. Their ladies bid them clap. Shak.
3. To come together suddenly with noise. The doors around me clapped. Dryden.
4. To enter with alacrity and briskness; -- with to or into. [Obs.] "Shall we clap into it roundly, without . . . saying we are hoarse" Shak.
5. To talk noisily; to chatter loudly. [Obs.] Chaucer.
CLAP Clap, n.
1. A loud noise made by sudden collision; a bang. "Give the door such a clap, as you go out, as will shake the whole room." Swift.
2. A burst of sound; a sudden explosion. Horrible claps of thunder. Hakewill.
3. A single, sudden act or motion; a stroke; a blow. What, fifty of my followers at a clap! Shak.
4. A striking of hands to express approbation. Unextrected claps or hisses. Addison.
5. Noisy talk; chatter. [Obs.] Chaucer.
6. (Falconry)
Defn: The nether part of the beak of a hawk. Clap dish. See Clack dish, under Clack, n. -- Clap net, a net for taking birds, made to close or clap together.
CLAP Clap, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. clapoir.]
Defn: Gonorrhea.
CLAPBOARD Clap"board, n.
1. A narrow board, thicker at one edge than at the other; -- used for weatherboarding the outside of houses. [U. S.]
2. A stave for a cask. [Eng.] Halliwell.
CLAPBOARD Clap"board, v. t.
Defn: To cover with clapboards; as, to clapboard the sides of a house. [U. S.] Bartlett.
CLAPBREAD; CLAPCAKE Clap"bread`, Clap"cake`, n.
Defn: Oatmeal cake or bread clapped or beaten till it is thin. [Obs.] Halliwell.
CLAPE Clape, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A bird; the flicker.
CLAPPER Clap"per, n.
1. A person who claps.
2. That which strikes or claps, as the tongue of a bell, or the piece of wood that strikes a mill hopper, etc. See Illust. of Bell. Clapper rail (Zoöl.), an Americam species of rail (Rallus scepitans).
CLAPPER Clap"per, n. Etym: [F. clapier.]
Defn: A rabbit burrow. [Obs.]
CLAPPERCLAW Clap"per*claw, v. t. Etym: [Clap + claw.]
1. To fight and scratch. C. Smart.
2. To abuse with the tongue; to revile; to scold.
CLAPS Claps, v. t.
Defn: Variant of Clasp [Obs.] Chaucer.
CLAPTRAP Clap"trap`, n.
1. A contrivance for clapping in theaters. [Obs.]
2. A trick or device to gain applause; humbug.
CLAPTRAP Clap"trap`, a.
Defn: Contrived for the purpose of making a show, or gaining applause; deceptive; unreal.
CLAQUE Claque, n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: A collection of persons employed to applaud at a theatrical exhibition.
CLAQUEUR Cla`queur", n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: One of the claque employed to applaud at a theater.
CLARE Clare, n.
Defn: A nun of the order of St.Clare.
CLARENCE Clar"ence, n.
Defn: A close four-wheeled carriage, with one seat inside, and a seat for the driver.
CLARENCEUX; CLARENCIEUX Clar"en*ceux, Clar"en*cieux, n. (Her.)
Defn: See King-at-arms.
CLARENDON Clar"en*don, n.
Defn: A style of type having a narrow and heave face. It is made in all sizes.
Note: This line is in nonpareil Clarendon.
CLARE-OBSCURE Clare"-ob*scure", n. Etym: [L. clarus clear + obscurus obscure; cf. F. clair-obscur. Cf. Chiaroscuro.] (Painting)
Defn: See Chiaroscuro.
CLARET Clar"et, n. Etym: [OE. claret, clare, clarry, OF. claret, clar, fr. cler, F. clair, clear, fr. L. clarus clear. See Clear.]
Defn: The name firat given in England to the red wines of M
CLARIBELLA Clar`i*bel"la, n. Etym: [NL., from L. clarus clear + bellus fine.] (Mus.)
Defn: A soft, sweet stop, or set of open wood pipes in an organ.
CLARICHORD Clar"i*chord, n. Etym: [F. clatocorde, fr.L. clarus clear + chorda string. See Chord.]
Defn: A musical instrument, formerly in use, in form of a spinet; -- called also manichord and clavichord.
CLARIFICATION Clar`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. clarification, L. clarificatio glorification.]
1. The act or process of making clear or transparent, by freeing visible impurities; as, the clarification of wine.
2. The act of freeing from obscurities. The clarification of men's ideas. Whewell.
CLARIFIER Clar"i*fi`er, n.
1. That which clarifies.
2. A vessel in which the process of clarification is conducted; as, the clarifier in sugar works. Ure.
CLARIFY Clar"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clarified; p. pr. & vb. n. Clarifying.] Etym: [F. clarifier, from L. clarificare; clarus clear + facere to make. See Clear, and Fact.]
1. To make clear or bright by freeing from feculent matter; to defecate; to fine; -- said of liquids, as wine or sirup. "Boiled and clarified." Ure.
2. To make clear; to free from obscurities; to brighten or illuminate. To clarify his reason, and to rectify his will. South.
3. To glorify. [Obs.] Fadir, clarifie thi name. Wyclif (John ii. 28).
CLARIFY Clar"i*fy, v. i.
1. To grow or become clear or transparent; to become free from feculent impurities, as wine or other liquid under clarification.
2. To grow clear or bright; to clear up. Whosoever hath his mind fraught with many thoughts, his wits and understanding do clarify and break up in the discoursing with another. Bacon.
CLARIGATE Clar"i*gate, v. i. Etym: [L. clarigare]
Defn: To declare war with certain ceremonies. [Obs.] Holland.
CLARINET Clar"i*net`, n. Etym: [F. clarinette, dim. of clarine, from L. clarus. See Clear, and cf. Clarion.] (Mus.)
Defn: A wind instrument, blown by a single reed, of richer and fuller tone than the oboe, which has a double reed. It is the leading instrument in a military band.
Note: [Often improperly called clarionet.]
CLARINO Cla*ri"no, n. Etym: [It. a trumpet.] (Mus.)
Defn: A reed stop in an organ.
CLARION Clar"i*on, n. Etym: [OE. clarioun, OF. clarion, F. clairon, LL. clario, claro; so called from its clear tone, fr. L. clarus clear. See Clear.]
Defn: A kind of trumpet, whose note is clear and shrill. He sounds his imperial clarion along the whole line of battle. E. Everett.
CLARIONET Clar`i*o*net", n. Etym: [See Clarion, Clarinet.] (Mus.)
Defn: See Clarinet.
CLARISONUS Cla*ris"o*nus, a. Etym: [L. clarisonus; clarus + sonus.]
Defn: Having a clear sound. [Obs.] Ash.
CLARITUDE Clar"i*tude, n. Etym: [L. claritudo, fr. clarus clear.]
Defn: Clearness; splendor. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
CLARITY Clar"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. claritas, fr. clarus clear: cf. F. clarté.]
Defn: Clearness; brightness; splendor. Floods, in whose more than crystal clarity, Innumerable virgin graces row. Beaumont.
CLARO-OBSCURO Cla"ro-ob*scu"ro, n.
Defn: See Chiaroscuro.
CLARRE Clar`ré", n. Etym: [See Claret.]
Defn: Wine with a mixture of honey and species. [Obs.] Chaucer.
CLART Clart, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Armor. kalar mud, mire, kalara to dirt, Sw. lort mud.]
Defn: To daub, smear, or spread, as with mud, etc. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
CLARTY Clart"y, a.
Defn: Sticky and foul; muddy; filthy; dirty. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
CLARY Clar"y, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Clarion.]
Defn: To make a loud or shrill noise. [Obs.] Golding.
CLARY Cla"ry, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. sclarea, scarlea, D. & G. scharlei, F. sclarée.] (Bot.)
Defn: A plant (Salvia sclarea) of the Sage family, used in flavoring soups. Clary water, a composition of clary flowers with brandy, etc., formerly used as a cardiac.
CLASH Clash, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Clashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Clashing.] Etym: [Of imitative origin; cf. G. klatschen, Prov. G. kleschen, D. kletsen, Dan. klaske, E. clack.]
1. To make a noise by striking against something; to dash noisily together.
2. To meet in opposition; to act in a contrary direction; to come onto collision; to interfere. However some of his interests might clash with those of the chief adjacent colony. Palfrey.
CLASH Clash, v. t.
Defn: To strike noisily against or together.
CLASH Clash n.
1. A loud noise resulting from collision; a noisy collision of bodies; a collision. The roll of cannon and clash of arms. Tennyson.
2. Opposition; contradiction; as between differing or contending interests, views, purposes, etc. Clashes between popes and kings. Denham.
CLASH GEAR Clash gear. (Mach.)
Defn: A change-speed gear in which the gears are changed by sliding endwise.
CLASHINGLY Clash"ing*ly, adv.
Defn: With clashing.
CLASP Clasp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clasped; p. pr. & vb. n. Clasping] Etym: [OE. claspen, clapsen, prob. akin to E. clap.]
1. To shut or fasten together with, or as with, a clasp; to shut or fasten (a clasp, or that which fastens with a clasp).
2. To inclose and hold in the hand or with the arms; to grasp; to embrace.
3. To surround and cling to; to entwine about. "Clasping ivy." Milton.
CLASP Clasp, n.
1. An adjustable catch, bent plate, or hook, for holding together two objects or the parts of anything, as the ends of a belt, the covers of a book, etc.
2. A close embrace; a throwing of the arms around; a grasping, as with the hand. Clasp knife, a large knife, the blade of which folds or shuts into the handle. -- Clasp lock, a lock which closes or secures itself by means of a spring.
CLASPER Clasp"er, n.
1. One who, or that which, clasps, as a tendril. "The claspers of vines." Derham.
2. (Zoöl.) (a) One of a pair of organs used by the male for grasping the female among many of the Crustacea. (b) One of a pair of male copulatory organs, developed on the anterior side of the ventral fins of sharks and other elasmobranchs. See Illust. of Chimæra.
CLASPERED Clasp"ered, a.
Defn: Furnished with tendrils.
CLASS Class, n. Etym: [F. classe, fr. L. classis class, collection, fleet; akin to Gr. claim, haul.]
1. A group of individuals ranked together as possessing common characteristics; as, the different classes of society; the educated class; the lower classes.
2. A number of students in a school or college, of the same standing, or pursuing the same studies.
3. A comprehensive division of animate or inanimate objects, grouped together on account of their common characteristics, in any classification in natural science, and subdivided into orders, families, tribes, gemera, etc.
4. A set; a kind or description, species or variety. She had lost one class energies. Macaulay.
5. (Methodist Church)
Defn: One of the sections into which a church or congregation is divided, and which is under the supervision of a class leader. Class of a curve (Math.), the kind of a curve as expressed by the number of tangents that can be drawn from any point to the curve. A circle is of the second class. -- Class meeting (Methodist Church), a meeting of a class under the charge of a class leader, for counsel and relegious instruction.
CLASS Class, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Classed; p. pr. & vb. n. Classing.] Etym: [Cf. F. classer. See Class, n.]
1. To arrange in classes; to classify or refer to some class; as, to class words or passages.
Note: In scientific arrangement, to classify is used instead of to class. Dana.
2. To divide into classes, as students; to form into, or place in, a class or classes.
CLASS Class, v. i.
Defn: To grouped or classed. The genus or famiky under which it classes. Tatham.
CLASS DAY Class day.
Defn: In American colleges and universities, a day of the commencement season on which the senior class celebrates the completion of its course by exercises conducted by the members, such as the reading of the class histories and poem, the delivery of the class oration, the planting of the class ivy, etc.
CLASSIBLE Class"i*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being classed.
CLASSIC; CLASSICAL Clas"sic, Clas"sic*al, a. Etym: [L. classicus relating to the classes of the Roman people, and especially to the frist class; hence, of the first rank, superior, from classis class: cf. F. classique. See Class, n.]
1. Of or relating to the first class or rank, especially in literature or art. Give, as thy last memorial to the age, One classic drama, and reform the stage. Byron. Mr. Greaves may justly be reckoned a classical author on this subject [Roman weights and coins]. Arbuthnot.
2. Of or pertaining to the ancient Greeks and Romans, esp. to Greek or Roman authors of the highest rank, or of the period when their best literature was produced; of or pertaining to places inhabited by the ancient Greeks and Romans, or rendered famous by their deeds. Though throned midst Latium's classic plains. Mrs. Hemans. The epithet classical, as applied to ancient authors, is determined less by the purity of their style than by the period at which they wrote. Brande & C. He [Atterbury] directed the classical studies of the undergraduates of his college. Macaulay.
3. Conforming to the best authority in literature and art; chaste; pure; refined; as, a classical style. Classical, provincial, and national synods. Macaulay. Classicals orders. (Arch.) See under Order.
CLASSIC Clas"sic, n.
1. A work of acknowledged excellence and authrity, or its author; -- originally used of Greek and Latin works or authors, but now applied to authors and works of a like character in any language. In is once raised him to the rank of a legitimate English classic. Macaulay.
2. One learned in the literature of Greece and Rome, or a student of classical literature.
CLASSICALISM Clas"sic*al*ism, n.
1. A classical idiom, style, or expression; a classicism.
2. Adherence to what are supposed or assumed to be the classical canons of art.
CLASSICALIST Clas"sic*al*ist, n.
Defn: One who adheres to what he thinks the classical canons of art. Ruskin.
CLASSICALITY; CLASSICALNESS Clas`si*cal"i*ty, Clas"sic*al*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being classical.
CLASSICALLY Clas"sic*al*ly, adv.
1. In a classical manner; according to the manner of classical authors.
2. In the manner of classes; according to a regular order of classes or sets.
CLASSICISM Clas"si*cism, n.
Defn: A classic idiom or expression; a classicalism. C. Kingsley.
CLASSICIST Clas"si*cist, n.
Defn: One learned in the classics; an advocate for the classics.
CLASSIFIABLE Clas"si*fi`a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being classified.
CLASSIFIC Clas*sif"ic, a.
Defn: Characterizing a class or classes; relating to classification.
CLASSIFICATION Clas`si*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. classification.]
Defn: The act of forming into a class or classes; a distibution into groups, as classes, orders, families, etc., according to some common relations or affinities. Artificial classification. (Science) See under Artifitial.
CLASSIFICATORY Clas"si*fi*ca`to*ry, a.
Defn: Pertaining to classification; admitting of classification. "A classificatory system." Earle.
CLASSIFIER Clas"si*fi`er, n.
Defn: One who classifies.
CLASSIFY Clas"si*fy, v. t. [imp. & pp. Classified; p. pr. & vb. n. Classifying.] Etym: [L. classis class +
Defn: To distribute into classes; to arrange according to a system; to arrnge in sets according to some method founded on common properties or characters.
Syn. -- To arrange; distibute; rank.
CLASSIS Clas"sis, n.; pl. Classes. Etym: [L. See Class, n.]
1. A class or order; sort; kind. [Obs.] His opinion of that classis of men. Clarendon.
2. (Eccl.)
Defn: An ecclesiastical body or judicat
CLASSMAN Class"man, n.; pl. Classmen(#).
1. A member of a class; a classmate.
2. A candidate for graduation in arts who is placed in an honor class, as opposed to a passman, who is not classified. [Oxford, Eng.]
CLASSMATE Class"mate`, n.
Defn: One who is in the same class with another, as at school or college.
CLASTIC Clas"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.
1. Pertaining to what may be taken apart; as, clastic anatomy (of models).
2. (Min.)
Defn: Fragmental; made up of brokas, sandstone is a clastic rock.
CLATCH Clatch, n. [Cf. Scot. clatch a slap, the noise caused by the collision of soft bodies; prob. of imitative origin.] (Scot. & Dial. Eng.)
1. A soft or sloppy lump or mass; as, to throw a clatch of mud.
2. Anything put together or made in a careless or slipshod way; hence, a sluttish or slipshod woman.
CLATCH Clatch, v. t. & i.
Defn: To daub or smear, as with lime; to make or finish in a slipshod way. [Scot.]
CLATHRATE Clath"rate, a. Etym: [L. clathri latti
1. (Bot.)
Defn: Shaped like a lattice; cancellate. Gray.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having the surface marked with raised lines resembling a lattice, as many shells.
CLATTER Clat"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Clattered; p. pr. & vb. n. Clattering.] Etym: [AS. cla a rattle, akin to D. klateren to rattle. Cf. Clack.]
1. To make a rattling sound by striking hard bodies together; to make a succession of abrupt, rattling sounds. Clattering loud with clamk. Longfellow.
2. To talk fast and noisily; to rattle with the tongue. I see thou dost but clatter. Spenser.
CLATTER Clat"ter, v. t.
Defn: To make a rattling noise with. You clatter still your brazen kettle. Swift.
CLATTER Clat"ter, n.
1. A rattling noise, esp. that made by the collision of hard bodies; also, any loud, abrupt sound; a repetition of abrupt sounds. The goose let fall a golden egg With cackle and with clatter. Tennyson.
2. Commotion; disturbance. "Those mighty feats which made such a clatter in story." Barrow.
3. Rapid, noisy talk; babble; chatter. "Hold still thy clatter." Towneley Myst. (15 th Cent. ). Throw by your clatter And handle the matter. B. Jonson
CLATTERER Clat"ter*er, n.
Defn: One who clatters.
CLATTERINGLY Clat"ter*ing*ly, adv.
Defn: With clattering.
CLAUDE LORRAINE GLASS Claude" Lor*raine" glass`. Etym: [Its name is supposed to be derived from the similarity of the effects it gives to those of a picture by Claude Lorrain (often written Lorraine).]
Defn: A slightly convex mirror, commonly of black glass, used as a toy for viewing the reflected landscape.
CLAUDENT Clau"dent, a. Etym: [L. claudens, p. pr. of claudere to shut.]
Defn: Shutting; confining; drawing together; as, a claudent muscle. [R.] Jonson
CLAUDICANT Clau"di*cant, a. Etym: [L. claudicans, p. pr. of claudicare to limp, fr. claudus lame.]
Defn: Limping. [R.]
CLAUDICATION Clau`di*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. claudicatio.]
Defn: A halting or limping. [R.] Tatler.
CLAUSE Clause, n. Etym: [F. clause, LL. clausa, equiv. to L. clausula clause, prop., close of claudere to shut, to end. See Close.]
1. A separate portion of a written paper, paragraph, or sentence; an article, stipulation, or proviso, in a legal document. The usual attestation clause to a will. Bouvier.
2. (Gram.)
Defn: A subordinate portion or a subdivision of a sentence containing a subject and its predicate.
CLAUSE Clause, n. [Obs.]
Defn: See Letters clause or close, under Letter.
CLAUSTRAL Claus"tral, a. Etym: [F., fr. LL. claustralis, fr. L. claustrum. See Cloister.]
Defn: Cloistral. Ayliffe
CLAUSTRUM Claus"trum, n.; pl. Claustra. Etym: [L., a bolt or bar.] (Anat.)
Defn: A thin lamina of gray matter in each cerebral hemiphere of the brain of man. -- Claus"tral, a.
CLAUSULAR Clau"su*lar, a. Etym: [From L. clausula. See Clause, n.]
Defn: Consisting of, or having, clauses. Smart.
CLAUSURE Clau"sure, n. Etym: [L. clausura. See Closure.]
Defn: The act of shutting up or confining; confinement. [R.] Geddes.
CLAVATE; CLAVATED Cla"vate, Cla"va*ted, a. Etym: [L. clava club.] (Bot. & Zoöl.)
Defn: Club-shaped; having the form of a club; growing gradually thicker toward the top.
Note: [See Illust. of Antennae.]
CLAVE Clave,
Defn: imp. of Cleave. [Obs.]
CLAVECIN Clav"e*cin, n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: The harpsichord.
CLAVEL Cla"vel, n.
Defn: See Clevis.
CLAVELLATE Clav"el*late, a.
Defn: See Clavate.
CLAVELLATED Clav"el*la`ted, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. cineres clavelatti ashes of burnt lees or dregs of wine, F. clavel an inferior sort of soda, E. clavate.] (Old Chem.)
Defn: Said of potash, probably in reference to its having been obtained from billets of wood by burning. [Obs.]
CLAVER Clav"er, n. [Obs.]
Defn: See Clover. Holland.
CLAVER Clav"er, n.
Defn: Frivolous or nonsensical talk; prattle; chattering. [Scot. & North of Eng.] Emmy found herself entirely at a loss in the midst of their clavers. Thackeray.
CLAVICHORD Clav"i*chord, n. Etym: [F. clavicorde, fr. L. clavis key + chorda string.] (Mus.)
Defn: A keyed stringed instrument, now superseded by the pianoforte. See Clarichord.
CLAVICLE Clav"i*cle, n. Etym: [F. clavicule, fr. L. clavicula a little key, tendril, dim. of clavis key, akin to claudere to shut. See Close, and cf. Clef.] (Anat.)
Defn: The collar bone, which is joined at one end to the scapula, or shoulder blade, and at the other to the sternum, or breastbone. In man each clavicle is shaped like the letter
CLAVICORN Clav"i*corn, a. Etym: [Cf. F. clavicorne.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having club-shaped antennæ. See Antennæ -- n.
Defn: One of the Clavicornes.
CLAVICORNES Clav`i*cor"nes, n. pl. Etym: [NL.; Fr. L. clava club + cornu horn.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A group of beetles having club-shaped antennæ.
CLAVICULAR Cla*vic"u*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. claviculaire. See Clavicle.] (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the clavicle.
CLAVIER Cla"vi*er ( F. ), n. Etym: [F., fr. L. clavis key.] (Mus.)
Defn: The keyboard of an organ, pianoforte, or harmonium.
Note: Clavier (
CLAVIFORM Clav"i*form, a. Etym: [L. clava club + -form.] (Bot.)
Defn: Club-shaped; clavate. Craig.
CLAVIGER Clav"i*ger, n. Etym: [L., fr. clavis key + gerere to carry.]
Defn: One who carries the keys of any place.
CLAVIGER Clav"i*ger, n. Etym: [L., fr. clava club + gerere to carry.]
Defn: One who carries a club; a club bearer.
CLAVIGEROUS Cla*vig"er*ous, a.
Defn: Bearing a club or a key.
CLAVIS Cla"vis, n.; pl. L. Claves, E. Clavises. Etym: [L.]
Defn: A key; a glossary.
CLAVUS Cla"vus, n. Etym: [L., a nail.]
Defn: A callous growth, esp. one the foot; a corn.
CLAVY Cla"vy, n.; pl. Clavies. Etym: [Cf. F. claveau centerpiece of an arch.] (Arch.)
Defn: A mantelpiece.
CLAW Claw, n. Etym: [AS. clawu, cla, cleó; akin to D. klaauw, G. Klaue, Icel. klo, SW. & Dan. klo, and perh. to E. clew.]
1. A sharp, hooked nail, as of a beast or bird.
2. The whole foot of an animal armed with hooked nails; the pinchers of a lobster, crab, etc.
3. Anything resembling the claw of an animal, as the curved and forked end of a hammer for drawing nails.
4. (Bot.)
Defn: A slender appendage or process, formed like a claw, as the base of petals of the pink. Gray. Claw hammer, a hammer with one end of the metallic head cleft for use in extracting nails, etc. -- Claw hammer coat, a dress coat of the swallowtail pattern. [Slang] -- Claw sickness, foot rot, a disease affecting sheep.
CLAW Claw, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clawed; p. pr. & vb. n. Clawing.] Etym: [AS. clawan. See Claw, n.]
1. To pull, tear, or scratch with, or as with, claws or nails.
2. To relieve from some uneasy sensation, as by scratching; to tickle; hence, to flatter; to court. [Obs.] Rich men they claw, soothe up, and flatter; the poor they contemn and despise. Holland.
3. To rail at; to scold. [Obs.] In the aforesaid preamble, the king fairly claweth the great monasteries, wherein, saith he, religion, thanks be to God, is right well kept and observed; though he claweth them soon after in another acceptation. T. Fuller Claw me, claw thee, stand by me and I will stand by you; -- an old proverb. Tyndale. To claw away, to scold or revile. "The jade Fortune is to be clawed away for it, if you should lose it." L'Estrange. To claw (one) on the back, to tickle; to express approbation. (Obs.) Chaucer. -- To claw (one) on the gall, to find falt with; to vex. [Obs.] Chaucer.
CLAW Claw, v. i.
Defn: To scrape, scratch, or dig with a claw, or with the hand as a claw. "Clawing [in ash barrels] for bits of coal." W. D. Howells. To claw off (Naut.), to turn to windward and beat, to prevent falling on a lee shore.
CLAWBACK Claw"back`, n.
Defn: A flatterer or sycophant. [Obs.] "Take heed of these clawbacks." Latimer.
CLAWBACK Claw"back`, a.
Defn: Flattering; sycophantic. [Obs.] Like a clawback parasite. Bp. Hall.
CLAWBACK Claw"back`, v. t.
Defn: To flatter. [Obs.] Warner.
CLAWED Clawed, a.
Defn: Furnished with claws. N. Grew.
CLAWLESS Claw"less, a.
Defn: Destitute of claws.
CLAY Clay, n. Etym: [AS. clæg; akin to LG. klei, D. klei, and perh. to AS. clam clay, L. glus, gluten glue, Gr. glue. Cf. Clog.]
1. A soft earth, which is plastuc, or may be molded with the hands, consisting of hydrous silicate of alumunium. It is the result of the wearing down and decomposition, in part, of rocks containing aluminous minerals, as granite. Lime, magnesia, oxide of iron, and other ingredients, are often present as impurities.
2. (Poetry & Script.)
Defn: Earth in general, as representing the elementary particles of the human body; hence, the human body as formed from such particles. I also am formed out of the clay. Job xxxiii. 6. The earth is covered thick with other clay, Which her own clay shall cover. Byron. Bowlder clay. See under Bowlder. -- Brick clay, the common clay, containing some iron, and therefore turning red when burned. -- Clay cold, cold as clay or earth; lifeless; inanimate. -- Clay ironstone, an ore of iron consisting of the oxide or carbonate of iron mixed with clay or sand. -- Clay marl, a whitish, smooth, chalky clay. -- Clay mill, a mill for mixing and tempering clay; a pug mill. -- Clay pit, a pit where clay is dug. -- Clay slate (Min.), argillaceous schist; argillite. -- Fatty clays, clays having a greasy feel; they are chemical compounds of water, silica, and aluminia, as halloysite, bole, etc. -- Fire clay , a variety of clay, entirely free from lime, iron, or an alkali, and therefore infusible, and used for fire brick. -- Porcelain clay, a very pure variety, formed directly from the decomposition of feldspar, and often called kaolin. -- Potter's clay, a tolerably pure kind, free from iron.
CLAY Clay, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Claying.]
1. To cover or manure with clay.
2. To clarify by filtering through clay, as sugar.
CLAY-BRAINED Clay"-brained`, a.
Defn: Stupid. [Obs.] Shak.
CLAYES Clayes, n. pl. Etym: [F. claie hurdle.] (Fort.)
Defn: Wattles, or hurdles, made with stakes interwoven with osiers, to cover lodgments. [Obs.]
CLAYEY Clay"ey, a.
Defn: Consisting of clay; abounding with clay; partaking of clay; like clay.
CLAYISH Clay"ish, a.
Defn: Partaking of the nature of clay, or containing particles of it.
CLAYMORE Clay"more`, n. Etym: [Gael. claidheamhmor a broadsword; Gael. claidheamh sword + mor great, large. Cf. Claymore.]
Defn: A large two-handed sword used formerly by the Scottish Highlanders.
CLAYTONIA Clay*to"ni*a, n. Etym: [Named after Dr.John Clayton, an American botanist.] (Bot.)
Defn: An American genus of perennial herbs with delicate blossoms; -- sometimes called spring beauty.
CLEADING Clead"ing, n. Etym: [Scot., clothing. See Cloth.]
1. A jacket or outer covering of wood, etc., to prevent radiation of heat, as from the boiler, cylinder. etc., of a steam engine.
2. The planking or boarding of a shaft, cofferdam, etc.
CLEAN Clean, a. [Compar. Cleaner (; superl. Cleanest.] Etym: [OE. clene, AS. cl; akin to OHG. chleini pure, neat, graceful, small, G. klein small, and perh. to W. glan clean, pure, bright; all perh. from a primitive, meaning bright, shining. Cf. Glair.]
1. Free from dirt or filth; as, clean clothes.
2. Free from that which is useless or injurious; without defects; as, clean land; clean timber.
3. Free from awkwardness; not bungling; adroit; dexterous; as, aclean trick; a clean leap over a fence.
4. Free from errors and vulgarisms; as, a clean style.
5. Free from restraint or neglect; complete; entire. When ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not make clean riddance of corners of thy field. Le
6. Free from moral defilement; sinless; pure. Create in me a clean heart, O God. Ps. li. 10 That I am whole, and clean, and meet for Heaven Tennyson.
7. (Script.)
Defn: Free from ceremonial defilement.
8. Free from that which is corrupting to the morals; pure in tone; healthy. "Lothair is clean." F. Harrison.
9. Well-proportioned; shapely; as, clean limbs. A clean bill of health, a certificate from the proper authrity that a ship is free from infection. -- Clean breach. See under Breach, n., 4. -- To make a clean breast. See under Breast.
CLEAN Clean, adv.
1. Without limitation or remainder; quite; perfectly; wholly; entirely. "Domestic broils clean overblown." Shak. "Clean contrary." Milton. All the people were passed clean over Jordan. Josh. iii. 17.
2. Without miscarriage; not bunglingly; dexterously. [Obs.] "Pope came off clean with Homer." Henley.
CLEAN Clean, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cleaned; p. pr. & vb. n. Cleaning.] Etym: [See Clean, a., and cf. Cleanse.]
Defn: To render clean; to free from whatever is foul, offensive, or extraneous; to purify; to cleanse. To clean out, to exhaust; to empty; to get away from (one) all his money. [Colloq.] De Quincey.
CLEAN-CUT Clean"-cut`, a.
Defn: See Clear-cut.
CLEANER Clean"er, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, cleans.
CLEANING Clean"ing, n.
1. The act of making clean.
2. The afterbirth of cows, ewes, etc. Gardner.
CLEANLILY Clean"li*ly, adv.
Defn: In a cleanly manner.
CLEAN-LIMBED Clean"-limbed`, a.
Defn: With well-proportioned, unblemished limbs; as, a clean-limbed young fellow. Dickens.
CLEANLINESS Clean"li*ness, n. Etym: [From Cleanly.]
Defn: State of being cleanly; neatness of person or dress. Cleanliness from head to heel. Swift.
CLEANLY Clean"ly, a. [Compar. Cleanlier; superl. Cleanliest.] Etym: [From Clean.]
1. Habitually clean; pure; innocent. "Cleanly joys." Glanvill. Some plain but cleanly country maid. Dryden. Displays her cleanly platter on the board. Goldsmith.
2. Cleansing; fitted to remove moisture; dirt, etc. [Obs.] "With cleanly powder dry their hair." Prior.
3. Adroit; skillful; dexterous; artful. [Obs.] Through his fine handling and his cleanly play. Spenser.
CLEANLY Clean"ly, adv.
1. In a clean manner; neatly. He was very cleanly dressed. Dickens.
2. Innocently; without stain. Shak.
3. Adroitly; dexterously. Middleton.
CLEANNESS Clean"ness, n. Etym: [AS. cl. See Clean.]
1. The state or quality of being clean.
2. Purity of life or language; freedom from licentious courses. Chaucer.
CLEANSABLE Cleans"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being cleansed. Sherwood.
CLEANSE Cleanse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cleansed; p. pr. & vb. n. Cleansing.] Etym: [AS. clænsian, fr. clæne clean. See Clean.]
Defn: To render clean; to free from fith, pollution, infection, guilt, etc.; to clean. If we walk in the light . . . the blood of Jesus Christ his son cleanseth us from all sin. 1 John i. 7. Can'st thou not minister to a mind diseased, And with some sweet oblivious antidote Cleanse the suffed bosom of that perilous stuff Which weighs upon the heart Shak.
CLEANSER Cleans"er, n. Etym: [AS. cl.]
Defn: One who, or that which, cleanses; a detergent. Arbuthnot.
CLEAN-TIMBERED Clean"-tim`bered, a.
Defn: Well-propotioned; symmetrical. [Poetic] Shak.
CLEAR Clear, a. [Compar. Clearer; superl. Clearest.] Etym: [OE. cler, cleer, OF. cler, F. clair, fr.L. clarus, clear, broght, loud, distinct, renownwd; perh. akin to L. clamare to call, E. claim. Cf. Chanticleer, Clairvoyant, Claret, Clarufy.]
1. Free from opaqueness; transparent; bright; light; luminous; unclouded. The stream is so transparent, pure, and clear. Denham. Fair as the moon, clear as the sun. Canticles vi. 10.
2. Free from ambiquity or indistinctness; lucid; perspicuous; plain; evident; manifest; indubitable. One truth is clear; whatever is, is right. Pop
3. Able to perceive clearly; keen; acute; penetrating; discriminating; as, a clear intellect; a clear head. Mother of science! now I feel thy power Within me clear, not only to discern Things in their causes, but to trace the ways Of highest agents. Milton.
4. Not clouded with passion; serene; cheerful. With a countenance as clear As friendship wears at feasts. Shak.
5. Easily or distinctly heard; audible; canorous. Hark! the numbers soft and clear Gently steal upon the ear. Pope.
6. Without mixture; entirely pure; as, clear sand.
7. Without defect or blemish, such as freckles or knots; as, a clear complexion; clear lumber.
8. Free from guilt or stain; unblemished. Statesman, yet friend to truth! in soul sincere, In action faithful, and in honor clear. Pope.
9. Without diminution; in full; net; as, clear profit. I often wished that I had clear, For life, six hundred pounds a-year. Swift .
10. Free from impediment or obstruction; unobstructed; as, a clear view; to keep clear of debt. My companion . . . left the way clear for him. Addison.
11. Free from embarrassment; detention, etc. The cruel corporal whispered in my ear, Five pounds, if rightly tipped, would set me clear. Gay. Clear breach. See under Breach, n., 4. -- Clear days (Law.), days reckoned from one day to another, excluding both the first and last day; as, from Sunday to Sunday there are six clear days. -- Clear stuff, boards, planks, etc., free from knots.
Syn. -- Manifest; pure; unmixed; pellucid; transparent; luminous; obvious; visible; plain; evident; apparent; distinct; perspicuous. See Manifest.
CLEAR Clear, n. (Carp.)
Defn: Full extent; distance between extreme limits; especially; the distance between the nearest surfaces of two bodies, or the space between walls; as, a room ten feet square in the clear.
CLEAR Clear, adv.
1. In a clear manner; plainly. Now clear I understand What oft . . . thoughts have searched in vain. Milton.
2. Without limitation; wholly; quite; entirely; as, to cut a piece clear off.
CLEAR Clear, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cleared; p. pr. & vb. n. Clearing.]
1. To render bright, transparent, or undimmed; to free from clouds. He sweeps the skies and clears the cloudy north. Dryden.
2. To free from impurities; to clarify; to cleanse.
3. To free from obscurity or ambiguity; to relive of perplexity; to make perspicuous. Many knotty points there are Which all discuss, but few can clear. Prior.
4. To render more quick or acute, as the understanding; to make perspicacious. Our common prints would clear up their understandings. Addison
5. To free from impediment or incumbrance, from defilement, or from anything injurious, useless, or offensive; as, to clear land of trees or brushwood, or from stones; to clear the sight or the voice; to clear one's self from debt; -- often used with of, off, away, or out. Clear your mind of cant. Dr. Johnson. A statue lies hid in a block of marble; and the art of the statuary only clears away the superfluous matter. Addison.
6. To free from the imputation of guilt; to justify, vindicate, or acquit; -- often used with from before the thing imputed. I . . . am sure he will clear me from partiality. Dryden. How! wouldst thou clear rebellion Addison.
7. To leap or pass by, or over, without touching or fallure; as, to clear a hedge; to clear a reef.
8. To gain without deduction; to net. The profit which she cleared on the cargo. Macaulay. To clear a ship at the customhouse, to exhibit the documents required by law, give bonds, or perform other acts requisite, and procure a permission to sail, and such papers as the law requires. -- To clear a ship for action, or To clear for action (Naut.), to remove incumbrances from the decks, and prepare for an engagement. -- To clear the land (Naut.), to gain such a distance from shore as to have sea room, and be out of danger from the land. -- To clear hawse (Naut.), to disentangle the cables when twisted. -- To clear up, to explain; to dispel, as doubts, cares or fears.
CLEAR Clear, v. i.
1. To become free from clouds or fog; to become fair; -- often fallowed by up, off, or away. So foul a sky clears without a strom. Shak. Advise him to stay till the weather clears up. Swift.
2. To disengage one's self frpm incumbrances, distress, or entanglements; to become free. [He that clears at once will relapse; for finding himself out of straits, he will revert to the customs; but he that cleareth by degrees induceth a habit of frugality. Bacon.
3. (Banking)
Defn: To make exchanges of checks and bills, and settle balances, as is done in a clearing house.
4. To obtain a clearance; as, the steamer cleared for Liverpool to- day. To clear out, to go or run away; to depart. [Colloq.]
CLEARAGE Clear"age, n.
Defn: The act of reforming anything; clearance. [R.]
CLEARANCE Clear"ance, n.
1. The act of clearing; as, to make a through clearance.
2. A certificate that a ship or vessel has been cleared at the customhouse; permission to sail. Every ship was subject to seizure for want of stamped clearances. Durke
3. Clear or net profit. Trollope.
4. (Mach.)
Defn: The distance by which one object clears another, as the distance between the piston and cylinder head at the end of a stroke in a steam engine, or the least distance between the point of a cogwell tooth and the bottom of a space between teeth of a wheel with which it engages. Clearance space (Steam engine), the space inclosed in one end of the cylinder, between the valve or valves and the piston, at the beginning of a stroke; waste room. It includes the space caused by the piston's clearance and the space in ports, passageways, etc. Its volume is often expressed as a certain proportion of the volume swept by the piston in a single stroke.
CLEARCOLE Clear"cole`, n. [F. claire colle clear glue; clair clear (f. claire) + colle glue, Gr. ]
Defn: A priming of size mixed with whiting or white lead, used in house painting, etc.; also, a size upon which gold leaf is applied in gilding.
CLEARCOLE Clear"cole`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clearcoled; p. pr. & vb. n. Clearcoling.]
Defn: To coat or paint with clearcole.
CLEAR-CUT Clear"-cut`, a.
1. Having a sharp, distinct outline, like that of a cameo. She has . . . a cold and clear-cut face. Tennyson.
2. Concisely and distinctly expressed.
CLEAREDNESS Clear"ed*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being cleared. Imputed by his friends to the clearedness, by his foes to the searedness, of his conscience. T. Fuller.
CLEARER Clear"er, n.
1. One who, or that which, clears. Gold is a wonderful clearer of the understanding. Addison.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: A tool of which the hemp for lines and twines, used by sailmakers, is finished.
CLEAR-HEADED Clear"-head`ed, a.
Defn: Having a clear understanding; quick of perception; intelligent. "He was laborious and clear-headed." Macaulay. -- Clear"-head`ed*ness, n.
CLEARING Clear"ing, n.
1. The act or process of making clear. The better clearing of this point. South.
2. A tract of land cleared of wood for cultivation. A lonely clearing on the shores of Moxie Lake. J. Burroughs.
3. A method adopted by banks and bankers for making an exchange of checks held by each against the others, and settling differences of accounts.
Note: In England, a similar method has been adopted by railroads for adjusting their accounts with each other.
4. The gross amount of the balances adjusted in the clearing house. Clearing house, the establishment where the business of clearing is carried on. See above, 3.
CLEARLY Clear"ly, adv.
Defn: In a clear manner.
CLEARNESS Clear"ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being clear.
Syn. -- Clearness, Perspicuity. Clearness has reference to our ideas, and springs from a distinct conception of the subject under consideration. Perspicuity has reference to the mode of expressing our ideas and belongs essentially to style. Hence we speak of a writer as having clear ideas, a clear arrangement, and perspicuous phraseology. We do at times speak of a person's having great clearness of style; but in such cases we are usually thinking of the clearness of his ideas as manifested in language. "Whenever men think clearly, and are thoroughly interested, they express themselves with perspicuity and force." Robertson.
CLEAR-SEEING Clear"-see`ing, a.
Defn: Having a clear physical or mental vision; having a clear understanding.
CLEAR-SHINING Clear"-shin`ing, a.
Defn: Shining brightly. Shak.
CLEAR-SIGHTED Clear"-sight`ed, a.
Defn: Seeing with clearness; discerning; as, clear-sighted reason
CLEAR-SIGHTEDNESS Clear"-sight`ed*ness, n.
Defn: Acute discernment.
CLEARSTARCH Clear"starch`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clearstarched; p. pr. & vb. n. Clearstraching.]
Defn: To stiffen with starch, and then make clear by clapping with the hands; as, to clearstarch muslin.
CLEARSTARCHER Clear"starch`er, n.
Defn: One who clearstarches.
CLEARSTORY; CLERESTORY Clear"sto`ry, Clere"sto`ry, n. (Arch.)
Defn: The upper story of the nave of a church, containing windows, and rising above the aisle roofs.
CLEARWING Clear"wing`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A lepidop terous insect with partially transparent wings, of the family Ægeriadæ, of which the currant and peach-tree borers are examples.
CLEAT Cleat (klet), n. Etym: [OE. clete wedge; cf.D. kloot ball, Ger. kloss, klotz, lump. clod, MHG. kloz lump, ball, wedge, OHG. chloz ball, round mass.]
1. (Carp.)
Defn: A strip of wood or iron fastened on transversely to something in order to give strength, prevent warping, hold position, etc.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: A device made of wood or metal, having two arms, around which turns may be taken with a line or rope so as to hold securely and yet be readily released. It is bolted by the middle to a deck or mast, etc., or it may be lashed to a rope.
CLEAT Cleat, v. t.
Defn: To strengthen with a cleat.
CLEAVABLE Cleav"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of cleaving or being divided.
CLEAVAGE Cleav"age, n.
1. The act of cleaving or splitting.
2. (Crystallog.)
Defn: The quality possessed by many crystallized substances of splitting readily in one or more definite directions, in which the cohesive attraction is a minimum, affording more or less smooth surfaces; the direction of the dividing plane; a fragment obtained by cleaving, as of a diamond. See Parting.
3. (Geol.)
Defn: Division into laminæ, like slate, with the lamination not necessarily parallel to the plane of deposition; -- usually produced by pressure. Basal cleavage, cleavage parallel to the base of a crystal, or to the plane of the lateral axes. -- Cell cleavage (Biol.), multiplication of cells by fission. See Segmentation. -- Cubuc cleavage, cleavage parallel to the faces of a cube. -- Diagonal cleavage, cleavage parallel to ta diagonal plane. -- Egg clavage. (Biol.) See Segmentation. -- Lateral cleavage, cleavage parallel to the lateral planes. -- Octahedral, Dodecahedral, or Rhombohedral, cleavage, cleavage parallel to the faces of an octahedron, dodecahedron, or rhombohedron. -- Prismatic cleavage, cleavage parallel to a vertical prism.
CLEAVE Cleave, v. i. [.. Cleaved (, Clave (, (Obs.); p. p. Cleaved; p. pr. & vb. n. Cleaving.] Etym: [OE. cleovien, clivien, cliven, AS. cleofian, clifian; akin to OS. klibon, G. kleben, LG. kliven, D. kleven, Dan. klæbe, Sw. klibba, and also to G. kleiben to cleve, paste, Icel. klifa to climb. Cf. Climb.]
1. To adhere closely; to stick; to hold fast; to cling. My bones cleave to my skin. Ps. cii. 5. The diseases of Egypt . . . shall cleave unto thee. Deut. xxviii. 60. Sophistry cleaves close to and protects Sin's rotten trunk, concealing its defects. Cowper.
2. To unite or be united closely in interest or affection; to adhere with strong attachment. Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife. Gen. ii. 24. Cleave unto the Lord your God. Josh. xxiii. 8.
3. To fit; to be adapted; to assimilate. [Poetic.] New honors come upon him, Like our strange garments, cleave not to their mold But with the aid of use. Shak.
CLEAVE Cleave, v. t. [imp. Cleft, Clave (, Clove (, (Obsolescent); p. p. Cleft, Cleaved ( or Cloven (; p. pr. & vb. n. Cleaving.] Etym: [OE. cleoven, cleven, AS. cleófan; akin to OS. klioban, D. klooven, G. klieben, Icel. kljufa, Sw. klyfva, Dan. klöve and prob. to Gr. glubere to peel. Cf. Cleft.]
1. To part or divide by force; to split or rive; to cut. O Hamlet, thou hast cleft my heart in twain. Shak.
2. To pert or open naturally; to divide. Every beast that parteth the hoof, and cleaveth the cleft into two claws. Deut. xiv. 6.
CLEAVE Cleave, v. i.
Defn: To part; to open; to crack; to separate; as parts of bodies; as, the ground cleaves by frost. The Mount of Olives shall cleave in the midst. Zech. xiv. 4.
CLEAVELANDITE Cleave"land*ite, n. Etym: [From Professor Parker Cleaveland.] (Min.)
Defn: A variety of albite, white and lamellar in structure.
CLEAVER Cleav"er, n.
Defn: One who cleaves, or that which cleaves; especially, a butcher's instrument for cutting animal bodies into joints or pieces.
CLEAVERS Cleav"ers, n. Etym: [From Cleave to stick.] (Bot.)
Defn: A species of Galium (G. Aparine), having a fruit set with hooked bristles, which adhere to whatever they come in contact with; -- called also, goose grass, catchweed, etc.
CLECHE Clé`ché", a. Etym: [F. cléché.] (Her.)
Defn: Charged with another bearing of the same figure, and of the color of the field, so large that only a narrow border of the first bearing remains visible; -- said of any heraldic bearing. Compare Voided.
CLECHY Cle"chy, a.
Defn: See Cléché.
CLEDGE Cledge, n. Etym: [Cf. Clay.] (Mining.)
Defn: The upper stratum of fuller's earth.
CLEDGY Cledg"y, a.
Defn: Stiff, stubborn, clayey, or tenacious; as, a cledgy soil. Halliwell.
CLEE Clee, n.
Defn: A claw. [Holland.
CLEE Clee, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The redshank.
CLEEK Cleek, n.
1. A large hook or crook, as for a pot over a fire; specif., an iron- headed golf club with a straight, narrow face and a long shaft.
2. Act of cleeking; a clutch. [Scot.]
CLEEK Cleek, v. t. [pret. Claught; pret. & p. p. Cleeked; p. pr. & vb. n. Cleeking.] [ME. cleken, clechen, to seize, clutch; perh. akin to E. clutch.] [Scot & Dial. Eng.]
1.
Defn: To seize; clutch; snatch; catch; pluck.
2. To catch or draw out with a cleek, as a fish; to hook.
3. To hook or link (together); hence, to marry. Scott.
CLEF Clef, n. Etym: [F. clef key, a key in music, fr. L. clavis key. See Clavicle.] (Mus.)
Defn: A character used in musical notation to determine the position and pitch of the scale as represented on the staff.
Note: The clefs are three in number, called the C, F, and G clefs, and are probably corruptions or modifications of these letters. They indicate that the letters of absolute pitch belonging to the lines upon which they are placed, are respectively C, F, and G. The F or bass clef, and the G or treble clef, are fixed in their positions upon the staff. The C clef may have three positions. It may be placed upon the first or lower line of the staff, in which case it is called soprano clef, upon the third line, in which case it called alto clef, or upon the fourth line, in which case tenor clef. It rarely or never is placed upon the second line, except in ancient music. See other forms of C clef under C, 2. Alto clef, Bass clef. See under Alto, Bass.
CLEFT Cleft, imp. & p. p.
Defn: from Cleave.
CLEFT Cleft, a.
1. Divided; split; partly divided or split.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: Incised nearly to the midrob; as, a cleft leaf.
CLEFT Cleft, n. Etym: [OE. clift; cf. Sw. klyft cave, den, Icel. kluft cleft, Dan. klöft, G. kluft. See Cleave to split and cf. 2d Clift, 1st Clough.]
1. A space or opening made by splitting; a crack; a crevice; as, the cleft of a rock. Is. ii. 21.
2. A piece made by splitting; as, a cleft of wood.
3. (Far.)
Defn: A disease in horses; a crack on the band of the pastern. Branchial clefts. See under Branchial.
Syn. -- Crack; crevice; fissure; chink; cranny.
CLEFT-FOOTED Cleft"-foot`ed, a.
Defn: Having a cloven foot.
CLEFTGRAFT Cleft"graft`, v. t.
Defn: To ingraft by cleaving the stock and inserting a scion. Mortimer.
CLEG Cleg, n. Etym: [Northern Eng. & Scot. gleg: cf. Gael. crethleag.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A small breeze or horsefly. [North of Eng. & Scot.] Jamieson.
CLEISTOGAMIC; CLEISTOGAMOUS Cleis`to*gam"ic, Cleis*tog"a*mous a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: Having, beside the usual flowers, other minute, closed flowers, without petals or with minute petals; -- said of certain species of plants which possess flowers of two or more kinds, the closed ones being so constituted as to insure self-fertilization. Darwin.
CLEM Clem, v. t. & i. Etym: [Cf. clam to clog, or G. klemmen to pinch, Icel. kl, E. clamp.]
Defn: To starve; to famish. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
CLEMATIS Clem"a*tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of flowering plants, of many species, mostly climbers, having feathery styles, which greatly enlarge in the fruit; -- called also virgin's bower.
CLEMENCE Clem"ence, n.
Defn: Clemency. [Obs.] Spenser.
CLEMENCY Clem"en*cy, n.; pl. Clemencies. Etym: [L. clementia, fr. clemens mild, calm.]
1. Disposition to forgive and spare, as offenders; mildness of temper; gentleness; tenderness; mercy. Great clemency and tender zeal toward their subjects. Stowe. They had applied for the royal clemency. Macaulay.
2. Mildness or softness of the elements; as, the clemency of the season.
Syn. -- Mildness; tenderness; indulgence; lenity; mercy; gentleness; compassion; kindness.
CLEMENT Clem"ent, a. Etym: [L. clemens; -entis; cf. F. cl.]
Defn: Mild in temper and disposition; merciful; compassionate. Shak. -- Clem"ent*ly, adv.
CLEMENTINE Clem"ent*ine, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Clement, esp. to St.Clement of Rome and the spurious homilies attributed to him, or to Pope Clement V. and his compilations of canon law.
CLENCH Clench, n. & v. t.
Defn: See Clinch.
CLEOPATRA'S NEEDLE Cle`o*pa"tra's nee"dle. [So named after Cleopatra, queen of Egypt.]
Defn: Either of two obelisks which were moved in ancient times from Heliopolis to Alexandria, one of which is now on the Thames Embankment in London, and the other in Central Park, in the City of New York.
Some writers consider that only the obelisk now in Central Park is properly called Cleopatra's needle.
CLEPE Clepe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cleped or; p. pr. & vb. n. Cleping. Cf. Ycleped.] Etym: [AS. clepan, cleopian, clipian, clypian, to cry, call.]
Defn: To call, or name. [Obs.] That other son was cleped Cambalo. Chaucer.
CLEPE Clepe, v. i.
Defn: To make appeal; to cry out. [Obs.] Wandering in woe, and to the heavens on high Cleping for vengeance of this treachery. Mir. for Mag.
CLEPSINE Clep"si*ne, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of freshwater leeches, furnished with a proboscis. They feed upon mollusks and worms.
CLEPSYDRA Clep"sy*dra, n. Etym: [L. from Gr.
Defn: A water clock; a contrivance for measuring time by the graduated flow of a liquid, as of water, through a small aperture. See Illust. in Appendix.
CLEPTOMANIA Clep`to*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL.]
Defn: See Kleptomania.
CLERESTORY Clere"sto`ry, n.
Defn: Same as Clearstory.
CLERGEON Cler"geon, n. Etym: [F., dim. of clerc. See Clerk.]
Defn: A chorister boy. [Obs.] Chaucer.
CLERGIAL Cler"gi*al, a.
Defn: Learned; erudite; clercial. [Obs.] Chaucer.
CLERGICAL Cler"gi*cal, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to the clergy; clerical; clerkily; learned. [Obs.] Milton.
CLERGY Cler"gy, n. Etym: [OE. clergie, clergi, clerge, OF. clergie, F. clergie (fr. clerc clerc, fr. L. clericus priest) confused with OF. clergié, F. clergé, fr. LL. clericatus office of priest, monastic life, fr. L. clericus priest, LL. scholar, clerc. Both the Old French words meant clergy, in sense 1, the former having also sense 2. See Clerk.]
1. The body of men set apart, by due ordination, to the service of God, in the Christian church, in distinction from the laity; in England, usually restricted to the ministers of the Established Church. Hooker.
2. Learning; also, a learned profession. [Obs.] Sophictry . . . rhetoric, and other cleargy. Guy of Warwick. Put their second sons to learn some clergy. State Papers (1515).
3. The privilege or benefit of clergy. If convicted of a clergyable felony, he is entitled equally to his clergy after as before conviction. Blackstone. Benefit of clergy (Eng., Law), the exemption of the persons of clergymen from criminal process before a secular judge -- a privilege which was extended to all who could read, such persons being, in the eye of the law, clerici, or clerks. This privilege was abridged and modified by various statutes, and finally abolished in the reign of George IV. (1827). -- Regular clergy, Secular clergy See Regular, n., and Secular, a.
CLERGYABLE Cler"gy*a*ble, a.
Defn: Entitled to, or admitting, the benefit of clergy; as, a clergyable felony. Blackstone.
CLERGYMAN Cler"gy*man, n.; pl. Clergymen.
Defn: An ordained minister; a man regularly authorized to peach the gospel, and administer its ordinances; in England usually restricted to a minister of the Established Church.
CLERIC Cler"ic, n. Etym: [AS., fr. L. clericus. See Clerk.]
Defn: A clerk, a clergyman. [R.] Bp. Horsley.
CLERIC Cler"ic, a.
Defn: Same as Clerical.
CLERICAL Cler"ic*al, a. Etym: [LL. clericalis. See Clerk.]
1. Of or pertaining to the clergy; suitable for the clergy. "A clerical education." Burke.
2. Of or relating to a clerk or copyist, or to writing. "Clerical work." E. Everett. A clerical error, an error made in copying or writing.
CLERICALISM Cler"ic*al*ism, n.
Defn: An excessive devotion to the interests of the sacerdotal order; undue influence of the clergy; sacerdotalism.
CLERICITY Cler*ic"i*ty, n.
Defn: The state of being a clergyman.
CLERISY Cler"i*sy, n. Etym: [LL. clericia. See Clergy.]
1. The literati, or well educated class.
2. The clergy, or their opinions, as opposed to the laity.
CLERK Clerk (; in Eng. ; 277), n. Etym: [Either OF. clerc, fr. L. clericus a priest, or AS. clerc, cleric, clerk, priest, fr. L. clericus, fr. Gr. Clergy.]
1. A clergyman or ecclesiastic. [Obs.] All persons were styled clerks that served in the church of Christ. Ayliffe.
2. A man who could read; a scholar; a learned person; a man of letters. [Obs.] "Every one that could read . . . being accounted a clerk." Blackstone. He was no great clerk, but he was perfectly well versed in the interests of Europe. Burke.
3. A parish officer, being a layman who leads in reading the responses of the Episcopal church service, and otherwise assists in it. [Eng.] Hook. And like unlettered clerk still cry "Amen". Shak.
4. One employed to keep records or accounts; a scribe; an accountant; as, the clerk of a court; a town clerk. The clerk of the crown . . . withdrew the bill. Strype.
Note: In some cases, clerk is synonymous with secretary. A clerk is always an officer subordinate to a higher officer, board, corporation, or person; whereas a secretary may be either a subordinate or the head of an office or department.
5. An assistant in a shop or store. [U. S.]
CLERK-ALE Clerk"-ale` ( in Eng. , n.
Defn: A feast for the benefit of the parish clerk. [Eng.] T. Warton.
CLERKLESS Clerk"less, a.
Defn: Unlearned. [Obs.] E. Waterhouse.
CLERKLIKE Clerk"like`, a.
Defn: Scholarlike. [Obs.] Shak.
CLERKLINESS Clerk"li*ness, n.
Defn: Scholarship. [Obs.]
CLERKLY Clerk"ly, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a clerk. Cranmer.
CLERKLY Clerk"ly, adv.
Defn: In a scholarly manner. [Obs.] Shak.
CLERKSHIP Clerk"ship, n.
Defn: State, quality, or business of a clerk.
CLEROMANCY Cler"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy; cf. F. cléromancie.]
Defn: A divination by throwing dice or casting lots.
CLERONOMY Cle*ron"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: Inheritance; heritage.
CLERSTORY Cler"sto`ry, n.
Defn: See Clearstory.
CLEVER Clev"er, a. Etym: [Origin uncertain. Cf. OE. cliver eager, AS. clyfer (in comp.) cloven; or clifer a claw, perh. connected with E. cleave to divide, split, the meaning of E. clever perh. coming from the idea of grasping, seizing (with the mind).]
1. Possessing quickness of intellect, skill, dexterity, talent, or adroitness; expert. Though there were many clever men in England during the latter half of the seventeenth century, there were only two great creative minds. Macaulay. Be good, sweet maid, and let who will be clever. C. Kingsley.
2. Showing skill or adroitness in the doer or former; as, a clever speech; a clever trick. Byron.
3. Having fitness, propriety, or suitableness. "T would sound more clever To me and to my heirs forever. Swift.
4. Well-shaped; handsome. "The girl was a tight, clever wench as any was." Arbuthnot.
5. Good-natured; obliging. [U. S.]
Syn. -- See Smart.
CLEVERISH Clev"er*ish, a.
Defn: Somewhat clever. [R.]
CLEVERLY Clev"er*ly, adv.
Defn: In a clever manner. Never was man so clever absurd. C. Smart.
CLEVERNESS Clev"er*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being clever; skill; dexterity; adroitness.
Syn. -- See Ingenuity.
CLEVIS Clev"is, n. Etym: [Cf. Cleave to adhere, Clavel.]
Defn: A piece of metal bent in the form of an oxbow, with the two ends perforated to receive a pin, used on the end of the tongue of a plow, wagen, etc., to attach it to a draft chain, whiffletree, etc.; -- called also clavel, clevy.
CLEW; CLUE Clew, Clue, n. Etym: [OE. clewe, clowe, clue, AS. cleowen, cliwen, clywe ball of thread; akin to D. kluwen, OHG. chliwa, chliuwa, G. dim. kleuel, knäuel, and perch. to L. gluma hull, husk, Skr. glaus sort of ball or tumor. Perch. akin to E. claw. *26. Cf. Knawel.]
1. A ball of thread, yarn, or cord; also, The thread itself. Untwisting his deceitful clew. Spenser.
2. That which guides or directs one in anything of a doubtful or intricate nature; that which gives a hint in the solution of a mystery. The clew, without which it was perilous to enter the vast and intricate maze of countinental politics, was in his hands. Macaulay.
3. (Naut.) (a.)
Defn: A lower corner of a square sail, or the after corner of a fore- and-aft sail. (b.)
Defn: A loop and thimbles at the corner of a sail. (c.)
Defn: A combination of lines or nettles by which a hammock is suspended. Clew garnet (Naut.), one of the ropes by which the clews of the courses of square-rigged vessels are drawn up to the lower yards. -- Clew line (Naut.), a rope by which a clew of one of the smaller square sails, as topsail, topgallant sail, or royal, is run up to its yard. -- Clew-line block (Naut.), The block through which a clew line reeves. See Illust. of Block.
CLEW Clew, v. t. [imp. & p. p. & vb. n. Clewing.] Etym: [Cf. D. kluwenen. See Clew, n.]
1. To direct; to guide, as by a thread. [Obs.] Direct and clew me out the way to happiness. Beau. && Fl.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: To move of draw (a sail or yard) by means of the clew garnets, clew lines, etc.; esp. to draw up the clews of a square sail to the yard. To clew down (Naut.), to force (a yard) down by hauling on the clew lines. -- To clew up (Naut.), to draw (a sail) up to the yard, as for furling.
CLICHE Cli`ché", n. Etym: [F. cliché, from clicher to stereotype.]
Defn: A stereotype plate or any similar reproduction of ornament, or lettering, in relief. Cliché casting, a mode of obtaining an impression from a die or woodcut, or the like, by striking it suddenly upon metal which has been fused and is just becoming solid; also, the casting so obtained.
CLICK Click, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Clicked; p. pr. & vb. n. Clicking.] Etym: [Prob. an onomatopoetic word: cf. OF. cliquier. See Clack, and cf. Clink, Clique.]
Defn: To make a slight, sharp noise (or a succession of such noises), as by gentle striking; to tick. The varnished clock that clicked behind the door. Goldsmith.
CLICK Click, v. t.
1. To more with the sound of a click. She clicked back the bolt which held the window sash. Thackeray.
2. To cause to make a clicking noise, as by striking together, or against something. [Jove] clicked all his marble thumbs. Ben Jonson. When merry milkmaids click the latch. Tennyson.
CLICK Click, n.
1. A slight sharp noise, such as is made by the cocking of a pistol.
2. A kind of articulation used by the natives of Southern Africa, consisting in a sudden withdrawal of the end or some other portion of the tongue from a part of the mouth with which it is in contact, whereby a sharp, clicking sound is produced. The sounds are four in number, and are called cerebral, palatal, dental, and lateral clicks or clucks, the latter being the noise ordinarily used in urging a horse forward.
CLICK Click, v. t. Etym: [OE. kleken, clichen. Cf. Clutch.]
Defn: To snatch. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
CLICK Click, n. Etym: [Cf. 4th Click, and OF. clique latch.]
1. A detent, pawl, or ratchet, as that which catches the cogs of a ratchet wheel to prevent backward motion. See Illust. of Ratched wheel.
2. The latch of a door. [Prov. Eng.]
CLICK BEETLE Click" bee"tle. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Elater.
CLICKER Click"er, n.
1. One who stands before a shop door to invite people to buy. [Low, Eng.]
2. (Print.)
Defn: One who as has charge of the work of a companionship.
CLICKET Click"et, n. Etym: [OF. cliquet the latch of a door. See 5th Click.]
1. The knocker of a door. [Prov. Eng.]
2. A latch key. [Eng.] Chaucer.
CLICKY Click"y, a.
Defn: Resembling a click; abounding in clicks. "Their strange clicky language." The Century.
CLIDASTES Cli*das"tes, n. Etym: [NL., prob. from Gr. (Paleon.)
Defn: A genus of exinct marine reptiles, allied to the Mosasaurus. See Illust. in Appendix.
CLIENCY Cli"en*cy, n.
Defn: State of being a client.
CLIENT Cli"ent, n. Etym: [L. cliens, -emtis, for cluens, one who hears (in relation to his protector), a client, fr. L. cluere to be named or called; akin to Gr. çry, and E. loud: cf. F. client. See Loud.]
1. (Rom. Antiq.)
Defn: A citizen who put himself under the protection of a man of distinction and influence, who was called his patron.
2. A dependent; one under the protection of another. I do think they are your friends and clients, And fearful to disturb you. B. Jonson.
3. (Law)
Defn: One who consults a legal adviser, or submits his cause to his management.
CLIENTAGE Cli"ent*age, n.
1. State of being client.
2. A body of clients. E. Everett.
CLIENTAL Cli*en"tal, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a client. A dependent and cliental relation. Burke. I sat down in the cliental chair. Dickens.
CLIENTED Cli"ent*ed, a.
Defn: Supplied with clients. [R.] The least cliented pettifiggers. R. Carew.
CLIENTELAGE Cli*en"te*lage, n.
Defn: See Clientele, n., 2.
CLIENTELE Cli`en*tele" ( or ), n. Etym: [L. clientela: cf. F. clientèle.]
1. The condition or position of a client; clientship. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
2. The clients or dependents of a nobleman of patron.
3. The persons who make habitual use of the services of another person; one's clients, collectively; as, the clientele of a lawyer, doctor, notary, etc.
CLIENTSHIP Cli"ent*ship, n.
Defn: Condition of a client; state of being under the protection of a patron. Dryden.
CLIFF Cliff, n. Etym: [AS. clif, cloef; akin to OS. klif, D. klif, klip, Icel. klif, Dan. & G. klippe, Sw. klippa; perh. orig. a climbing place. See Climb.]
Defn: A high, steep rock; a precipice. Cliff swallow (Zoöl.), a North American swallow (Petrochelidon lunifrons), which builds its nest against cliffs; the eaves swallow.
CLIFF Cliff, n. (Mus.)
Defn: See Clef. [Obs.]
CLIFF LIMESTONE Cliff" lime"stone`. (Geol.)
Defn: A series of limestone strata found in Ohio and farther west, presenting bluffs along the rivers and valleys, formerly supposed to be of one formation, but now known to be partly Silurian and partly Devonian.
CLIFFY Cliff"y, a.
Defn: Having cliffs; broken; craggy.
CLIFT Clift, n. Etym: [See 1st Cliff, n.]
Defn: A cliff. [Obs.] That gainst the craggy clifts did loudly roar. Spenser.
CLIFT Clift, n. Etym: [See Cleft, n.]
1. A cleft of crack; a narrow opening. [Obs.]
2. The fork of the legs; the crotch. [Obs.] Chaucer.
CLIFTED Clift"ed, a. Etym: [From Clift a cleft.]
Defn: Broken; fissured. Climb the Andeclifted side. Grainger.
CLIMACTER Cli*mac"ter, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. climactère. See Climax.]
Defn: See Climacteric, n.
CLIMACTERIC Cli*mac"ter*ic ( or ; 277), a. Etym: [L. climactericus, Gr. Climacter.]
Defn: Relating to a climacteric; critical.
CLIMACTERIC Cli*mac"ter*ic, n.
1. A period in human life in which some great change is supposed to take place in the constitution. The critical periods are thought by some to be the years produced by multiplying 7 into the odd numbers 3, 5, 7, and 9; to which others add the 81st year.
2. Any critical period. It is your lot, as it was mine, to live during one of the grand climacterics of the world. Southey. Grand or Great climacteric, the sixty-third year of human life. I should hardly yield my rigid fibers to be regenerated by them; nor begin, in my grand climacteric, to squall in their new accents, or to stammer, in my second cradle, the elemental sounds of their barbarous metaphysics. Burke.
CLIMACTERICAL Clim`ac*ter"ic*al, a. & n.
Defn: See Climacteric. Evelyn.
CLIMACTIC Cli*mac"tic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a climax; forming, or of the nature of, a climax, or ascending series.
A fourth kind of parallelism . . . is still sufficiently marked to be noticed by the side of those described by Lowth, viz., climactic parallelism (sometimes called "ascending rhythm"). S. R. Driver.
CLIMATAL Cli"ma*tal, a.
Defn: Climatic. Dunglison.
CLIMATARCHIC Cli`ma*tar"chic, a. Etym: [Climate + Gr.
Defn: Presiding over, or regulating, climates.
CLIMATE Cli"mate, n. Etym: [F. climat, L. clima, -atis, fr. Gr. lean, v. i. See Lean, v. i., and cf. Clime.]
1. (Anc. Geog.)
Defn: One of thirty regions or zones, parallel to the equator, into which the surface of the earth from the equator to the pole was divided, according to the successive increase of the length of the midsummer day.
2. The condition of a place in relation to various phenomena of the atmosphere, as temperature, moisture, etc., especially as they affect animal or vegetable life.
CLIMATE Cli"mate, v. i.
Defn: To dwell. [Poetic] Shak.
CLIMATIC Cli*mat"ic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a climate; depending on, or limited by, a climate.
CLIMATICAL Cli*mat"ic*al, a.
Defn: Climatic.
CLIMATIZE Cli"ma*tize, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Climatized; p. pr. & vb. n. Climatizing.]
Defn: To acclimate or become acclimated.
CLIMATOGRAPHY Cli`ma*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Climate + -graphy.]
Defn: A description of climates.
CLIMATOLOGICAL Cli`ma*to*log"ic*al, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to climatology.
CLIMATOLOGIST Cli`ma*tol"o*gist, n.
Defn: One versed in, or who studies, climatology.
CLIMATOLOGY Cli`ma*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Climate + -logy: cf. F. climatologie.]
Defn: The science which treats of climates and investigates their phenomena and causes. Brande & C.
CLIMATURE Cli"ma*ture, n. Etym: [Cf. F. climature.]
Defn: A climate. [Obs.] Shak.
CLIMAX Cli"max, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. Ladder, Lean, v. i.]
1. Upward movement; steady increase; gradation; ascent. Glanvill.
2. (Rhet.)
Defn: A figure of which the parts of a sentence or paragraph are so arranged that each sicceeding one rise "Tribulation worketh patience, patience experience, and experience hope" -- a happy climax. J. D. Forbes.
3. The highest point; the greatest degree. We must look higher for the climax of earthly good. I. Taylor. To cap the climax, to surpass everything, as in excellence or in absurdity. [Colloq.]
CLIMB Climb, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Climbed, Obs. or Vulgar Clomb (; p. pr. & vb. n. Climbing.] Etym: [AS. climban; akin to OHG. chlimban, G. & D. klimmen, Icel. klifa, and E. cleave to adhere.]
1. To ascend or mount laboriously, esp. by use of the hands and feet.
2. To ascend as if with effort; to rise to a higher point. Black vapors climb aloft, and cloud the day. Dryden.
3. (Bot.)
Defn: To ascend or creep upward by twining about a support, or by attaching itself by tendrills, rootlets, etc., to a support or upright surface.
CLIMB Climb, v. t.
Defn: To ascend, as by means of the hands and feet, or laboriously or slowly; to mount.
CLIMB Climb, n.
Defn: The act of one who climbs; ascent by climbing. Warburton.
CLIMBABLE Climb"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being climbed.
CLIMBER Climb"er, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, climbs: (a) (Bot.) A plant that climbs. (b) (Zoöl.) A bird that climbs, as a woodpecker or a parrot.
CLIMBER Climb"er, v. i. Etym: [From Climb; cf. Clamber.]
Defn: To climb; to mount with effort; to clamber. [Obs.] Tusser.
CLIMBING Climb"ing,
Defn: p. pr. & vb. n. of Climb. Climbing fern. See under Fern. -- Climbing perch. (Zoöl.) See Anabas, and Labyrinthici.
CLIME Clime, n. Etym: [L. clima. See Climate.]
Defn: A climate; a tract or region of the earth. See Climate. Turn we to sutvey, Where rougher climes a nobler race display. Goldsmith.
CLINANTHIUM Cli*nan"thi*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: The receptacle of the flowers in a composite plant; -- also called clinium.
CLINCH Clinch (; 224), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clinched; p. pr. & vb. n. Clinching.] Etym: [OE. clenchen, prop. causative of clink to cause to clink, to strike; cf. D. klinken to tinkle, rivet. See Clink.]
1. To hold firmly; to hold fast by grasping or embracing tightly. "Clinch the pointed spear." Dryden.
2. To set closely together; to close tightly; as, to clinch the teeth or the first. Swift.
3. The bend or turn over the point of (something that has been driven trough an object), so that it will hold fast; as, to clinch a nail.
4. To make conclusive; to confirm; to establish; as, to clinch an argument. South.
CLINCH Clinch, v. i.
Defn: To hold fast; to grasp something firmly; to seize or grasp one another.
CLINCH Clinch, n.
1. The act or process of holding fast; that which serves to hold fast; a grip; a grasp; a clamp; a holdfast; as, to get a good clinch of an antagonist, or of a weapon; to secure anything by a clinch.
2. A pun. Pope.
3. (Naut.)
Defn: A hitch or bend by which a rope is made fast to the ring of an anchor, or the breeching of a ship's gun to the ringbolts.
CLINCHER Clinch"er, n.
1. One who, or that which, clinches; that which holds fast. Pope.
2. That which ends a dispute or controversy; a decisive argument.
CLINCHER-BUILT Clinch"er-built, a.
Defn: See Clinker-built.
CLING Cling, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Clung, Clong (Obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Clinging.] Etym: [AS. clingan to adhere, to wither; akin to Dan. klynge to cluster, crowd. Cf. Clump.]
Defn: To adhere closely; to stick; to hold fast, especially by twining round or embracing; as, the tendril of a vine clings to its support; -- usually followed by to or together. And what hath life for thee That thou shouldst cling to it thus Mrs. Hemans.
CLING Cling, v. t.
1. To cause to adhere to, especially by twining round or embraching. [Obs.] I clung legs as close to his side as I could. Swift.
2. To make to dry up or wither. [Obs.] If thou speak'st false, Upon the next tree shalt thou hang alive, Till famine cling thee. Shak.
CLING Cling, n.
Defn: Adherence; attachment; devotion. [R.] A more tenacious cling to worldly respects. Milton.
CLINGSTONE Cling"stone`, a.
Defn: Having the flesh attached closely to the stone, as in some kinds of peaches. -- n.
Defn: A fruit, as a peach, whose flesh adheres to the stone.
CLINGY Cling"y, a.
Defn: Apt to cling; adhesive. [R.]
CLINIC Clin"ic, n. Etym: [See Clinical.]
1. One confined to the bed by sickness.
2. (Eccl.)
Defn: One who receives baptism on a sick bed. [Obs.] Hook.
3. (Med.)
Defn: A school, or a session of a school or class, in which medicine or surgery is taught by the examination and treatment of patients in the presence of the pupils.
CLINICAL; CLINIC Clin"ic*al, Clin"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. clinique. See Lean, v. i.]
1. Of or pertaining to a bed, especially, a sick bed.
2. Of or pertaining to a clinic, or to the study of disease in the living subject. Clinical baptism, baptism administered to a person on a sick bed. -- Clinical instruction, instruction by means of clinics. -- Clinical lecture (Med.), a discourse upon medical topics illustrared by the exhibition and examination of living patients. -- Clinical medicine, Clinical surgery, that part of medicine or surgery which is occupied with the investigation of disease in the living subject.
CLINICALLY Clin"ic*al*ly, adv.
Defn: In a clinical manner.
CLINIQUE Cli*nique", n. Etym: [F.] (Med.)
Defn: A clinic.
CLINIUM Clin"i*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: See Clinanthium.
CLINK Clink, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clinked; p. pr. & vb. n. Clinking.] Etym: [OE. clinken; akin to G. klingen, D. klinken, SW. klinga, Dan. klinge; prob. of imitative origin. Cf. Clank, Clench, Click, v. i.]
Defn: To cause to give out a slight, sharp, tinkling, sound, as by striking metallic or other sonorous bodies together. And let me the canakin clink. Shak.
CLINK Clink, v. i.
1. To give out a slight, sharp, thinkling sound. "The clinking latch." Tennyson.
2. To rhyme. [Humorous]. Cowper.
CLINK Clink, n.
Defn: A slight, sharp, tinkling sound, made by the collision of sonorous bodies. "Clink and fall of swords." Shak.
CLINKANT Clin"kant, a.
Defn: See Clnquant.
CLINKER Clink"er, n. Etym: [From clink; cf. D. clinker a brick which is so hard that it makes a sonorous sound, from clinken to clink. Cf. Clinkstone.]
1. A mass composed of several bricks run together by the action of the fire in the kiln.
2. Scoria or vitrified incombustible matter, formed in a grate or furnace where anthracite coal in used; vitrified or burnt matter ejected from a volcano; slag.
3. A scale of oxide of iron, formed in forging.
4. A kind of brick. See Dutch klinker, under Dutch.
CLINKER-BUILT Clink"er-built, a. (Naut.)
Defn: Having the side planks (af a boat) so arranged that the lower edge of each overlaps the upper edge of the plank next below it like clapboards on a house. See Lapstreak.
CLINKSTONE Clink"stone` (; 110), n. Etym: [Clink + stone; -- from its sonorousness.] (Min.)
Defn: An igneous rock of feldspathic composition, lamellar in structure, and clinking under the hammer. See Phonolite.
CLINODIAGONAL Cli`no*di*ag"o*nal, n. Etym: [Gr. diagonal.] (Crystallog.)
Defn: That diagonal or lateral axis in a monoclinic crystal which makes an oblique angle witch the vertical axis. See Crystallization. -- a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or the direction of, the clinidiagonal.
CLINODOME Cli"no*dome`, n. Etym: [Gr. dome.] (Crystallog.)
Defn: See under Dome.
CLINOGRAPHIC Cli"no*graph"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. + -graph.]
Defn: Pertaining to that mode of projection in drawing in which the rays of light are supposed to fall obliquely on the plane of projection.
CLINOID Cli"noid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Anat.)
Defn: Like a bed; -- applied to several processes on the inner side of the sphenoid bone.
CLINOMETER Cli*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Geol.)
Defn: An instrument for determining the dip of beds or strata, pr the slope of an embankment or cutting; a kind of plumb level. Dana.
CLINOMETRIC Clin`o*met"ric, a.
1. Pertaining to, or ascertained by, the clinometer.
2. Pertaining to the oblique crystalline forms, or to solids which have oblique angles between the axes; as, the clinometric systems.
CLINOMETRY Cli*nom"e*try, n. (geol.)
Defn: That art or operation of measuring the inclination of strata.
CLINOPINACOID Cli`no*pin"a*coid, n. Etym: [Gr. pinacoid.] (Crystallog.)
Defn: The plane in crystals of the monoclinic system which is parallel to the vertical and the inclined lateral (clinidiagonal) axes.
CLINORHOMBIC Cli`no*rhom"bic, a. Etym: [Gr. rhombic: cf. F. clinorhombique.] (Crystallog.)
Defn: Possessing the qualities of a prism, obliquely inclined to a rhombic base; monoclinic.
CLINOSTAT Cli"no*stat, n. [Gr. to incline + to make to stand.] (Bot.)
Defn: An apparatus consisting of a slowly revolving disk, usually regulated by clockwork, by means of wich the action of external agents, as light and gravity, on growing plants may be regulated or eliminated.
CLINQUANT Clin"quant, a. Etym: [F.]
Defn: Glittering; dressed in, or overlaid with, tinsel finery. [Obs.] Shak.
CLINQUANT Clin"quant, n.
Defn: Tinse;l; Dutch gold.
CLIO Cli"o, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.)
Defn: The Muse who presided over history.
CLIONE Cli*o"ne, n.
Defn: A genus of naked pteropods. One species (Clione papilonacea), abundant in the Arctic Ocean, constitutes a part of the food of the Greenland whale. It is sometimes incorrectly called Clio.
CLIP Clip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clipped (; p. pr. & vb. n. Clipping.] Etym: [OE. cluppen, clippen, to embrace, AS. clyran to embrace, clasp; cf. OHG. kluft tongs, shears, Icel, klypa to pinch, squeeze, also OE. clippen to cut, shear, Dan. klippe to clip, cut, SW. & Icel. klippa.]
1. To embrace, hence; to encompass. O . . . that Neptune's arms, who clippeth thee about, Would bear thee from the knowledge of thyself. Shak.
2. To cut off; as with shears or scissors; as, to clip the hair; to clip coin. Sentenced to have his ears clipped. Macaulay.
3. To curtail; to cut short. All my reports go with the modest truth; No more nor clipped, but so. Shak. In London they clip their words after one manner about the court, another in the city, and a third in the suburbs. Swift.
CLIP Clip, v. i.
Defn: To move swiftly; -- usually with indefinite it. Straight flies as chek, and clips it down the wind. Dryden.
CLIP Clip, n.
1. An embrace. Sir P. Sidney.
2. A cutting; a shearing.
3. The product of a single shearing of sheep; a season's crop of wool.
4. A clasp or holder for letters, papers, etc.
5. An embracing strap for holding parts together; the iron strap, with loop, at the ends of a whiffletree. Knight.
6. (Far.)
Defn: A projecting flange on the upper edge of a horseshoe, turned up so as to embrace the lower part of the hoof; -- called also toe clip and beak. Youatt.
7. A blow or stroke with the hand; as, he hit him a clip. [Colloq. U. S.]
CLIPPER Clip"per, n.
1. One who clips; specifically, one who clips off the edges of coin. The value is pared off from it into the clipper's pocket. Locke.
2. A machine for clipping hair, esp. the hair of horses.
3. (Naut.)
Defn: A vessel with a sharp bow, built and rigged for fast sailing. -- Clip"per-built` (, a.
Note: The name was first borne by "Baltimore clippers" famous as privateers in the early wars of the United States.
CLIPPING Clip"ping, n.
1. The act of embracing. [Obs.]
2. The act of cutting off, curtailing, or diminishing; the practice of clipping the edges of coins. clipping by Englishmen is robbing the honest man who receives clipped money. Locke.
3. That which is clipped off or out of something; a piece separated by clipping; as, newspaper clippings.
CLIQUE Clique, n. Etym: [F., fr. OF. cliquer to click. See Click, v. i.]
Defn: A narrow circle of persons associated by common interests or for the accomplishment of a common purpose; -- generally used in a bad sense.
CLIQUE Clique, v. i.
Defn: To To associate together in a clannish way; to act with others secretly to gain a desired end; to plot; -- used with together.
CLIQUISH Cli"quish, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a clique; disposed to from cliques; exclusive in spirit. -- Cli"*quish*ness, n.
CLIQUISM Cli"quism, n.
Defn: The tendency to associate in cliques; the spirit of cliques.
CLITELLUS Cli*tel"lus, n. Etym: [NL., prob. fr. L. clitellae a packsadle.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A thickened glandular portion of the body of the adult earthworm, consisting of several united segments modified for reproductive purposes.
CLITORIS Cli"to*ris ( or ), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. labia pudendi.] (Anat.)
Defn: A small organ at the upper part of the vulva, homologous to the penis in the male.
CLIVERS Cliv"ers ( or ), n.
Defn: See Cleavers.
CLIVITY Cliv"i*ty, n.; pl. Clivities. Etym: [L. clivus hill.]
Defn: Inclination; ascent or descent; a gradient. [R.]
CLOACA Clo"a"ca, n.; pl. Cloacæ. Etym: [L.]
1. A sewer; as, the Cloaca Maxima of Rome.
2. A privy.
3. (Anat.)
Defn: The common chamber into which the intestinal, urinary, and generative canals discharge in birds, reptiles, amphibians, and many fishes.
CLOACAL Clo*a"cal, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a cloaca.
CLOAK Cloak (; 110), n. Etym: [Of. cloque cloak (from the bell-like shape), bell, F. cloche bell; perh. of Celtik origin and the same word as E. clock. See 1st Clock.]
1. A loose outer garment, extending from the neck downwards, and commonly without sleeves. It is longer than a cape, and is worn both by men and by women.
2. That which conceals; a disguise or pretext; an excuse; a fair pretense; a mask; a cover. No man is esteemed any ways considerable for policy who wears religion otherwise than as a cloak. South. Cloak bag, a bag in which a cloak or other clothes are carried; a portmanteau. Shak.
CLOAK Cloak, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cloaked; p. pr. & vb. n. Cloaking.]
Defn: To cover with, or as with, a cloak; hence, to hide or conceal. Now glooming sadly, so to cloak her matter. Spenser.
Syn. -- See Palliate.
CLOAKEDLY Cloak"ed*ly, adv.
Defn: In a concealed manner.
CLOAKING Cloak"ing, n.
1. The act of covering with a cloak; the act of concealing anything. To take heed of their dissembings and cloakings. Strype.
2. The material of which of which cloaks are made.
CLOAKROOM Cloak"room`, n.
Defn: A room, attached to any place of public resort, where cloaks, overcoats, etc., may be deposited for a time.
CLOCHE Cloche, n. [F., prop., bell.] (Aëronautics)
Defn: An apparatus used in controlling certain kinds of aëroplanes, and consisting principally of a steering column mounted with a universal joint at the base, which is bellshaped and has attached to it the cables for controlling the wing-warping devices, elevator planes, and the like.
CLOCK Clock, n. Etym: [AS. clucge bell; akin to D. klok clock, bell, G. glocke, Dan. klokke, Sw. klocka, Icel. klukka bell, LL. clocca, cloca (whence F. cloche); al perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. clog bell, clock, W. cloch bell. Cf. Cloak.]
1. A machine for measuring time, indicating the hour and other divisions by means of hands moving on a dial plate. Its works are moved by a weight or a spring, and it is often so constructed as to tell the hour by the stroke of a hammer on a bell. It is not adapted, like the watch, to be carried on the person.
2. A watcg, esp. one that strikes. [Obs.] Walton.
3. The striking of a clock. [Obs.] Dryden.
4. A figure or figured work on the ankle or side of a stocking. Swift.
Note: The phrases what o'clock it is nine o'clock, etc., are contracted from what of the clock it is nine of the clock, etc. Alarm clock. See under Alarm. -- Astronomical clock. (a) A clock of superior construction, with a compensating pendulum, etc., to measure time with great accuracy, for use in astronomical observatories; -- called a regulator when used by watchmakers as a standard for regulating timepieces. (b) A clock with mechanism for indicating certain astronomical phenomena, as the phases of the moon, position of the sun in the ecliptic, equation of time, etc. -- Electric clock. (a) A clock moved or regulated by electricity or electro-magnetism. (b) A clock connected with an electro-magnetic recording apparatus. -- Ship's clock (Naut.), a clock arranged to strike from one to eight strokes, at half hourly intervals, marking the divisions of the ship's watches. -- Sidereal clock, an astronomical clock regulated to keep sidereal time.
CLOCK Clock, v. t.
Defn: To ornament with figured work, as the side of a stocking.
CLOCK Clock, v. t. & i.
Defn: To call, as a hen. See Cluck. [R.]
CLOCK Clock, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A large beetle, esp. the European dung beetle (Scarabæus stercorarius).
CLOCKLIKE Clock"like`, a.
Defn: Like a clock or like clockwork; mechanical. Their services are clocklike, to be set Blackward and vorward at their lord's command. B. Jonson.
CLOCKWISE Clock"wise`, a. & adv.
Defn: Like the motion of the hands of a clock; -- said of that direction of a rotation about an axis, or about a point in a plane, which is ordinarily reckoned negative.
CLOCKWORK Clock"work`, n.
Defn: The machinery of a clock, or machinary resembling that of a clock; machinery which produced regularity of movement.
CLOD Clod, n. Etym: [OE. clodde, latter form of clot. See Clot.]
1. A lump or mass, especially of earth, turf, or clay. "Clods of a slimy substance." Carew. "Clods of iron and brass." Milton. "Clods of blood." E. Fairfax. The earth that casteth up from the plow a great clod, is not so good as that which casteth up a smaller clod. Bacon.
2. The ground; the earth; a spot of earth or turf. The clod Where once their sultan's horse has trod. Swift.
3. That which is earthy and of little relative value, as the body of man in comparison with the soul. This cold clod of clay which we carry about with us. T. Burnet.
4. A dull, gross, stupid fellow; a dolt Dryden.
5. A pert of the shoulder of a beef creature, or of the neck piece near the shoulder. See Illust. of Beef.
CLOD Clod, v.i
Defn: To collect into clods, or into a thick mass; to coagulate; to clot; as, clodded gore. See Clot. Clodded in lumps of clay. G. Fletcher.
CLOD Clod, v. t.
1. To pelt with clods. Jonson.
2. To throw violently; to hurl. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
CLODDISH Clod"dish, a.
Defn: Resembling clods; gross; low; stupid; boorish. Hawthorne. -- Clod"dish*ness, n.
CLODDY Clod"dy, a.
Defn: Consisting of clods; full of clods.
CLODHOPPER Clod"hop`per, n.
Defn: A rude, rustic fellow.
CLODHOPPING Clod"hop`ping, a.
Defn: Boorish; rude. C. Bronté.
CLODPATE Clod"pate`, n.
Defn: A blockhead; a dolt.
CLODPATED Clod"pat`ed, a.
Defn: Stupid; dull; doltish.
CLODPOLL Clod"poll`, n. Etym: [Clod + poll head.]
Defn: A stupid fellow; a dolt. [Written also clodpole.] Shak.
CLOFF Cloff, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]
Defn: Formerly an allowance of two pounds in every three hundred weight after the tare and tret are subtracted; now used only in a general sense, of small deductions from the original weight. [Written also clough.] McCulloch.
CLOG Clog, n. Etym: [OE. clogge clog, Scot. clag, n., a clot, v., to to obstruct, cover with mud or anything adhesive; prob. of the same origin as E. clay.]
1. That which hinders or impedes motion; hence, an encumbrance, restraint, or impediment, of any kind. All the ancient, honest, juridical principles and institutions of England are so many clogs to check and retard the headlong course of violence and opression. Burke.
2. A weight, as a log or block of wood, attached to a man or an animal to hinder motion. As a dog . . . but chance breaks loose, And quits his clog. Hudibras. A clog of lead was round my feet. Tennyson.
3. A shoe, or sandal, intended to protect the feet from wet, or to increase the apparent stature, and having, therefore, a very thick sole. Cf. Chopine. In France the peasantry goes barefoot; and the middle sort . . . makes use of wooden clogs. Harvey. Clog almanac, a primitive kind of almanac or calendar, formerly used in England, made by cutting notches and figures on the four edges of a clog, or square piece of wood, brass, or bone; -- called also a Runic staff, from the Runic characters used in the numerical notation. -- Clog dance, a dance performed by a person wearing clogs, or thick-soled shoes. -- Clog dancer.
CLOG Clog, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clogged; p. pr. & vb. n. Clogging.]
1. To encumber or load, especially with something that impedes motion; to hamper. The winds of birds were clogged with ace and snow. Dryden.
2. To obstruct so as to hinder motion in or through; to choke up; as, to clog a tube or a channel.
3. To burden; to trammel; to embarrass; to perplex. The commodities are clogged with impositions. Addison. You 'll rue the time That clogs me with this answer. Shak.
Syn. -- Impede; hinder; obstruct; embarrass; burden; restrain; restrict.
CLOG Clog, v. i.
1. To become clogged; to become loaded or encumbered, as with extraneous matter. In working through the bone, the teeth of the saw will begin to clog. S. Sharp.
2. To coalesce or adhere; to unite in a mass. Move it sometimes with a broom, that the seeds clog not together. Evelyn.
CLOGGINESS Clog"gi*ness, n.
Defn: The state of being clogged.
CLOGGING Clog"ging, n.
Defn: Anything which clogs. Dr. H. More.
CLOGGY Clog"gy, a.
Defn: Clogging, or having power to clog.
CLOISONNE Cloi`son*né, a. Etym: [F., partitioned, fr. cloison a partition.]
Defn: Inlaid between partitions: -- said of enamel when the lines which divide the different patches of fields are composed of a kind of metal wire secured to the ground; as distinguished from champlevé enamel, in which the ground is engraved or scooped out to receive the enamel. S. Wells Williams.
CLOISTER Clois"ter, n. Etym: [OF. cloistre, F. cloître, L. claustrum, pl. claustra, bar, bolt, bounds, fr. claudere, clausum, to close. See Close, v. t., and cf. Claustral.]
1. An inclosed place. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. A covered passage or ambulatory on one side of a court; (pl.) the series of such passages on the different sides of any court, esp. that of a monastery or a college. But let my due feet never fail To walk the studious cloister's pale. Milton.
3. A monastic establishment; a place for retirement from the world for religious duties. Fitter for a cloister than a crown. Daniel. Cloister garth (Arch.), the garden or open part of a court inclosed by the cloisters.
Syn. -- Cloister, Monastery, Nunnery, Convent, Abbey, Priory. Cloister and convent are generic terms, and denote a place of seclusion from the world for persons who devote their lives to religious purposes. They differ is that the distinctive idea of cloister is that of seclusion from the world, that of convent, community of living. Both terms denote houses for recluses of either sex. A cloister or convent for monks is called a monastery; for nuns, a nunnery. An abbey is a convent or monastic institution governed by an abbot or an abbess; a priory is one governed by a prior or a prioress, and is usually affiliated to an abbey.
CLOISTER Clois"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cloistered; p. pr. & vb. n. Cloistering.]
Defn: To confine in, or as in, a cloister; to seclude from the world; to immure. None among them are throught worthy to be styled religious persons but those that cloister themselves up in a monastery. Sharp.
CLOISTERAL Clois"ter*al, a.
Defn: Cloistral. [Obs.] I. Walton.
CLOISTERED Clois"tered, a.
1. Dwelling in cloisters; solitary. "Cloistered friars and vestal nuns." Hudibras. In cloistered state let selfish sages dwell, Proud that their heart is narrow as their cell. Shenstone.
2. Furnished with cloisters. Sir H. Wotton.
CLOISTERER Clois"ter*er, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. cloistier.]
Defn: One belonging to, or living in, a cloister; a recluse.
CLOISTRAL Clois"tral, a.
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or confined in, a cloister; recluse. [Written also cloisteral.] Best become a cloistral exercise. Daniel.
CLOISTRESS Clois"tress, n.
Defn: A nun. [R.] Shak.
CLOKE Cloke, n. & v.
Defn: See Cloak. [Obs.]
CLOMB; CLOMBEN Clomb, Clomb"en,
Defn: imp. & p. p. of Climb (for climbed). [Obs.] The sonne, he sayde, is clomben up on hevene. Chaucer.
CLOMP Clomp, n.
Defn: See Clamp.
CLONG Clong,
Defn: imp. of Cling. [Obs.]
CLONIC Clon"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. clonique.] (Med.)
Defn: Having an irregular, convulsive motion. Dunglison. Clonic spasm. (Med.) See under Spasm.
CLONUS Clo"nus, n. [NL., fr. Gr. violent, confused motion.] (Med.)
Defn: A series of muscular contractions due to sudden stretching of the muscle, -- a sign of certain neuropathies.
CLOOM Cloom, v. t. Etym: [A variant of clam to clog.]
Defn: To close with glutinous matter. [Obs.] Mortimer.
CLOOP Cloop, n. Etym: [An onomatopoeia.]
Defn: The sound made when a cork is forcibly drawn from a bottle. "The cloop of a cork wrenched from a bottle." Thackeray.
CLOOT Cloot, n. [Cf. G. dial. kleuzen to split.] (Scot. & Dial. Eng.)
1. One of the divisions of a cleft hoof, as in the ox; also, the whole hoof.
2. The Devil; Clootie; -- usually in the pl. Burns.
CLOOTIE Cloot"ie, n. (Scot. & Dial. Eng.)
1.
Defn: A little hoof.
2. The Devil. "Satan, Nick, or Clootie." Burns.
CLOSE Close, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Closed; p. pr. & vb. n. Closing.] Etym: [From OF. & F. clos, p. p. of clore to close, fr. L. claudere; akin to G. schliessen to shut, and to E. clot, cloister, clavicle, conclude, sluice. Cf. Clause, n.]
1. To stop, or fill up, as an opening; to shut; as, to close the eyes; to close a door.
2. To bring together the parts of; to consolidate; as, to close the ranks of an army; -- often used with up.
3. To bring to an end or period; to conclude; to complete; to finish; to end; to consummate; as, to close a bargain; to close a course of instruction. One frugal supper did our studies close. Dryden.
4. To come or gather around; to inclose; to encompass; to confine. The depth closed me round about. Jonah ii. 5. But now thou dost thyself immure and close In some one corner of a feeble heart. Herbert. A closed sea, a sea within the jurisdiction of some particular nation, which controls its navigation.
CLOSE Close, v. i.
1. To come together; to unite or coalesce, as the parts of a wound, or parts separated. What deep wounds ever closed without a scar Byron.
2. To end, terminate, or come to a period; as, the debate closed at six o'clock.
3. To grapple; to engange in hand-to-hand fight. They boldly closed in a hand-to-hand contest. Prescott. To close on or upon, to come to a mutual agreement; to agree on or join in. "Would induce France and Holland to close upon some measures between them to our disadvantage." Sir W. Temple. -- To close with. (a) To accede to; to consent or agree to; as, to close with the terms proposed. (b) To make an agreement with. -- To close with the land (Naut.), to approach the land.
CLOSE Close, n.
1. The manner of shutting; the union of parts; junction. [Obs.] The doors of plank were; their close exquisite. Chapman.
2. Conclusion; cessation; ending; end. His long and troubled life was drawing to a close. Macaulay.
3. A grapple in wrestling. Bacon.
4. (Mus.) (a) The conclusion of a strain of music; cadence. (b) A double bar marking the end. At every close she made, the attending throng Replied, and bore the burden of the song. Dryden.
Syn. -- Conclusion; termination; cessation; end; ending; extremity; extreme.
CLOSE Close ( or ), n. Etym: [OF. & F. clos an inclosure, fr. clos, p. p. of clore. See Close, v. t.]
1. An inclosed place; especially, a small field or piece of land surrounded by a wall, hedge, or fence of any kind; -- specifically, the precinct of a cathedral or abbey. Closes surrounded by the venerable abodes of deans and canons. Macaulay.
2. A narrow passage leading from a street to a court, and the houses within. [Eng.] Halliwell
3. (Law)
Defn: The interest which one may have in a piece of ground, even though it is not inclosed. Bouvier.
CLOSE Close, a. [Compar. Closer; superl. Closest.] Etym: [Of. & F. clos, p. p. of clore. See Close, v. t.]
1. Shut fast; closed; tight; as, a close box. From a close bower this dainty music flowed. Dryden.
2. Narrow; confined; as, a close alley; close quarters. "A close prison." Dickens.
3. Oppressive; without motion or ventilation; causing a feeling of lassitude; -- said of the air, weather, etc. If the rooms be low-roofed, or full of windows and doors, the one maketh the air close, . . . and the other maketh it exceeding unequal. Bacon.
4. Strictly confined; carefully quarded; as, a close prisoner.
5. Out of the way observation; secluded; secret; hidden. "He yet kept himself close because of Saul." 1 Chron. xii. 1 "Her close intent." Spenser.
6. Disposed to keep secrets; secretive; reticent. "For servecy, no lady closer." Shak.
7. Having the parts near each other; dense; solid; compact; as applied to bodies; viscous; tenacious; not volatile, as applied to liquids. The golden globe being put into a press, . . . the water made itself way through the pores of that very close metal. Locke.
8. Concise; to the point; as, close reasoning. "Where the original is close no version can reach it in the same compass." Dryden.
9. Adjoining; near; either in space; time, or thought; -- often followed by to. Plant the spring crocuses close to a wall. Mortimer. The thought of the Man of sorrows seemed a very close thing -- not a faint hearsay. G. Eliot.
10. Short; as, to cut grass or hair close.
11. Intimate; familiar; confidential. League with you I seek And mutual amity, so strait, so close, That I with you must dwell, or you with me. Milton.
12. Nearly equal; almost evenly balanced; as, a close vote. "A close contest." Prescott.
13. Difficult to obtain; as, money is close. Bartlett.
14. Parsimonious; stingy. "A crusty old fellow, as close as a vise." Hawthorne.
15. Adhering strictly to a standard or original; exact; strict; as, a close translation. Locke.
16. Accurate; careful; precise; also, attentive; undeviating; strict; not wandering; as, a close observer.
17. (Phon.)
Defn: Uttered with a relatively contracted opening of the mouth, as certain sounds of e and o in French, Italian, and German; -- opposed to open. Close borough. See under Borough. -- Close breeding. See under Breeding. -- Close communion, communion in the Lord's supper, restricted to those who have received baptism by immersion. -- Close corporation, a body or corporation which fills its own vacancies. -- Close fertilization. (Bot.) See Fertilization. -- Close harmony (Mus.), compact harmony, in which the tones composing each chord are not widely distributed over several octaves. -- Close time, a fixed period during which killing game or catching certain fish is prohibited by law. -- Close vowel (Pron.), a vowel which is pronounced with a diminished aperture of the lips, or with contraction of the cavity of the mouth. -- Close to the wind (Naut.), directed as nearly to the point from which the wind blows as it is possible to sail; closehauled; -- said of a vessel.
CLOSE Close, adv.
1. In a close manner.
2. Secretly; darkly. [Obs.] A wondrous vision which did close imply The course of all her fortune and posterity. Spenser.
CLOSE-BANDED Close"-band`ed, a.
Defn: Closely united.
CLOSE-BARRED Close"-barred`, a.
Defn: Firmly barred or closed.
CLOSE-BODIED Close"-bod`ied, a.
Defn: Fitting the body exactly; setting close, as a garment. Ayliffe.
CLOSE-FIGHTS Close"-fights`, n. pl. (Naut.)
Defn: Barriers with loopholes, formerly erected on the deck of a vessel to shelter the men in a close engagement with an enemy's boarders; -- called also close quarters. [Obs.]
CLOSEFISTED Close"fist`ed, a.
Defn: Covetous; niggardly. Bp. Berkeley. "Closefisted contractors." Hawthorne.
CLOSEHANDED Close"hand`ed, a.
Defn: Covetous; penurious; stingy; closefisted. -- Close"hand`ed*ness, n.
CLOSEHAULED Close"hauled`, a. (Naut.)
Defn: Under way and moving as nearly as possible toward the direction from which the wind blows; -- said of a sailing vessel.
CLOSELY Close"ly, adv.
1. In a close manner.
2. Secretly; privately. [Obs.] That nought she did but wayle, and often steepe Her dainty couch with tears which closely she did weepe. Spenser.
CLOSEMOUTHED Close"mouthed`, a.
Defn: Cautious in speaking; secret; wary; uncommunicative.
CLOSEN Clos"en, v. t.
Defn: To make close. [R.]
CLOSENESS Close"ness, n.
Defn: The state of being close. Half stifled by the closeness of the room. Swift. We rise not against the piercing judgment of Augustus, nor the extreme caution or closeness of Tiberius. Bacon. An affectation of closeness and covetousness. Addison.
Syn. -- Narrowness; oppressiveness; strictness; secrecy; compactness; conciseness; nearness; intimacy; tightness; stinginess; literalness.
CLOSER Clos"er, n.
1. One who, or that which, closes; specifically, a boot closer. See under Boot.
2. A finisher; that which finishes or terminates.
3. (Masonry)
Defn: The last stone in a horizontal course, if of a less size than the others, or a piece of brick finishing a course. Gwilt.
CLOSEREEFED Close"reefed`, a. (Naut.)
Defn: Having all the reefs taken in; -- said of a sail.
CLOSE-STOOL Close"-stool`, n.
Defn: A utensil to hold a chamber vessel, for the use of the sick and infirm. It is usually in the form of a box, with a seat and tight cover.
CLOSET Clos"et, n. Etym: [OF. closet little inclosure, dim. of clos. See Close an inclosure.]
1. A small room or apartment for retirement; a room for privacy. A chair-lumbered closet, just twelve feet by nine. Goldsmith. When thou prayest, enter into thy closet. Matt. vi. 6.
2. A small apartment, or recess in the side of a room, for household utensils, clothing, etc. Dryden. Closet sin, sin commited in privacy. Bp. Hall.
CLOSET Clos"et, v. t. [imp. & p. pr. & vb. n. Closeting.]
1. To shut up in, or as in, a closet; to conceal. [R.] Bedlam's closeted and handcuffed charge. Cowper.
2. To make into a closet for a secret interview. He was to call a new legislature, to closet its members. Bancroft. He had been closeted with De Quadra. Froude.
CLOSE-TONGUED Close"-tongued` (, a.
Defn: Closemouthed; silent. "Close-tongued treason." Shak.
CLOSH Closh, n. Etym: [CF. F. clocher to limp, halt.]
Defn: A disease in the feet of cattle; laminitis. Crabb.
CLOSH Closh, n. Etym: [CF. D. klossen to play at bowls.]
Defn: The game of ninepins. [Obs.] Halliwell.
CLOSURE Clo"sure (, 135), n. Etym: [Of. closure, L. clausura, fr. clauedere to shut. See Close, v. t.]
1. The act of shutting; a closing; as, the closure of a chink.
2. That which closes or shuts; that by which separate parts are fastened or closed. Without a seal, wafer, or any closure whatever. Pope.
3. That which incloses or confines; an inclosure. O thou bloody prison . . . Within the guilty closure of thy walls Richard the Second here was hacked to death. Shak.
4. A conclusion; an end. [Obs.] Shak.
5. (Parliamentary Practice)
Defn: A method of putting an end to debate and securing an immediate vote upon a measure before a legislative body. It is similar in effect to the previous question. It was first introduced into the British House of Commons in 1882. The French word clôture was originally applied to this proceeding.
CLOT Clot, n. Etym: [OE. clot, clodde, clod; akin to D. kloot ball, G. kloss clod, dumpling, klotz block, Dan. klods, Sw. klot bowl, globe, klots block; cf. AS. clate bur. Cf. Clod, n., Clutter to clot.]
Defn: A concretion or coagulation; esp. a soft, slimy, coagulated mass, as of blood; a coagulum. "Clots of pory gore." Addison. Doth bake the egg into clots as if it began to poach. Bacon.
Note: Clod and clot appear to be radically the same word, and are so used by early writers; but in present use clod is applied to a mass of earth or the like, and clot to a concretion or coagulation of soft matter.
CLOT Clot, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Clotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Clotting.]
Defn: To concrete, coagulate, or thicken, as soft or fluid matter by evaporation; to become a cot or clod.
CLOT Clot, v. t.
Defn: To form into a slimy mass.
CLOTBUR Clot"bur`, n. Etym: [Cf. Clote.]
1. The burdock. [Prov. Engl.] Prior.
2. Same as Cocklebur.
CLOTE Clote, n. Etym: [AS. cl: cf. G. klette.]
Defn: The common burdock; the clotbur. [Obs.] Wyclif.
CLOTH Cloth, n.; pl. Cloths (#; 115), except in the sense of garments, when it is Clothes (klothz or kloz). Etym: [OE. clath cloth, AS. cla\'ed cloth, garment; akin to D. kleed, Icel. klæ\'ebi, Dan. klæde, cloth, Sw. kläde, G. kleid garment, dress.]
1. A fabric made of fibrous material (or sometimes of wire, as in wire cloth); commonly, a woven fabric of cotton, woolen, or linen, adapted to be made into garments; specifically, woolen fabrics, as distinguished from all others.
2. The dress; raiment. [Obs.] See Clothes. I'll ne'er distust my God for cloth and bread. Quarles.
3. The distinctive dress of any profession, especially of the clergy; hence, the clerical profession. Appeals were made to the priesthood. Would they tamely permit so gross an insult to be offered to their cloth Macaulay. The cloth, the clergy, are constituted for administering and for giving the best possible effect to . . . every axiom. I. Taylor. Body cloth. See under Body. -- Cloth of gold, a fabric woven wholly or partially of threads of gold. -- Cloth measure, the measure of length and surface by which cloth is measured and sold. For this object the standard yard is usually divided into quarters and nails. -- Cloth paper, a coarse kind of paper used in pressing and finishing woolen cloth. -- Cloth shearer, one who shears cloth and frees it from superfluous nap.
CLOTHE Clothe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clothed ( or Clad; p. pr. & vb. n. Clothing.] Etym: [OE. clathen, clothen, clethen, AS. cla\'ebian, clæ\'eban. See Cloth.]
1. To put garments on; to cover with clothing; to dress. Go with me, to clothe you as becomes you. Shak.
2. To provide with clothes; as, to feed and clothe a family; to clothe one's self extravagantly. Drowsiness shall clothe a man with rags. Prov. xxiii. 21 The naked every day he clad, When he put on his clothes. Goldsmith.
3. Fig.: To cover or invest, as with a garment; as, to clothe one with authority or power. Language in which they can clothe their thoughts. Watts. His sides are clothed with waving wood. J. Dyer. Thus Belial, with with words clothed in reason's garb. Milton.
CLOTHE Clothe, v. i.
Defn: To wear clothes. [Poetic] Care no more to clothe eat. Shak.
CLOTHES Clothes ( or ; 277), n. pl. Etym: [From Cloth.]
1. Covering for the human body; dress; vestments; vesture; -- a general term for whatever covering is worn, or is made to be worn, for decency or comfort. She . . . speaks well, and has excellent good clothes. Shak. If I may touch but his clothes, I shall be whole. Mark. v. 28.
2. The covering of a bed; bedclothes. She turned each way her frighted head, Then sunk it deep beneath the clothes. Prior. Body clothes. See under Body. -- Clothes moth (Zoöl.), a small moth of the genus Tinea. The most common species (T. flavifrontella)is yellowish white. The larvæ eat woolen goods, furs, feathers, etc. They live in tubular cases made of the material upon which they feed, fastened together with silk.
Syn. -- Garments; dress; clothing; apparel; attire; vesture; raiment; garb; costume; habit; habiliments.
CLOTHESHORSE Clothes"horse`, n.
Defn: A frame to hang clothes on.
CLOTHESLINE Clothes"line`, n.
Defn: A rope or wire on which clothes are hung to dry.
CLOTHESPIN Clothes"pin` ( or ), n.
Defn: A forked piece of wood, or a small spring clamp, used for fastening clothes on a line.
CLOTHESPRESS Clothes"press`, n.
Defn: A receptacle for clothes.
CLOTHIER Cloth"ier, n.
1. One who makes cloths; one who dresses or fulls cloth. Hayward.
2. One who sells cloth or clothes, or who makes and sells clothes.
CLOTHING Cloth"ing, n.
1. Garments in general; clothes; dress; raiment; covering. From others he shall stand in need of nothing, Yet on his brothers shall depend for clothing. Milton. As for me, . . . my clothing was sackloth. Ps. xxxv. 13
2. The art of process of making cloth. [R.] Instructing [refugees] in the art of clothing. Ray.
3. A covering of non-conducting material on the outside of a boiler, or steam chamber, to prevent radiation of heat. Knight.
4. (Mach.)
Defn: See Card clothing, under 3d Card.
CLOTHRED Clot"hred, p. p.
Defn: Clottered. [Obs.] Chaucer.
CLOTPOLL Clot"poll`, n.
Defn: See Clodpoll. [Obs.] Shak.
CLOTTED Clot"ted, a.
Defn: Composed of clots or clods; having the quality or form of a clot; sticky; slimy; foul. "The clotted glebe." J. Philips. When lust . . . Lets in defilement to the inward parts, The soul grows clotted by contagion. Milton.
CLOTTER Clot"ter, v. i. Etym: [From Clot.]
Defn: To concrete into lumps; to clot. [Obs.] "Clottered blood." Chapman.
CLOTTY Clot"ty, a. Etym: [From Clot, n.]
Defn: Full of clots, or clods. "Clotty matter." Harvey.
CLOTURE Clô`ture", n. Etym: [F.] (Parliamentary Practice)
Defn: See Closure, 5.
CLOTWEED Clot"weed`, n. Etym: [See Clote.]
Defn: Cocklebur.
CLOUD Cloud, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. AS. cld a rock or hillock, the application arising from the frequent resemblance of clouds to rocks or hillocks in the sky or air.]
1. A collection of visible vapor, or watery particles, susponded in the upper atmosphere. I do set my bow in the cloud. Gen. ix. 13.
Note: A classification of clouds according to their chief forms was first proposed by the meteorologist Howard, and this is still substantially employed. The following varieties and subvarieties are recognized: (a) Cirrus. This is the most elevated of all the forms of clouds; is thin, long-drawn, sometimes looking like carded wool or hair, sometimes like a brush or room, sometimes in curl-like or fleecelike patches. It is the cat's-tail of the sailor, and the mare's-tail of the landsman. (b) Cumulus. This form appears in large masses of a hemispherical form, or nearly so, above, but flat below, one often piled above another, forming great clouds, common in the summer, and presenting the appearance of gigantic mountains crowned with snow. It often affords rain and thunder gusts. (c) Stratus. This form appears in layers or bands extending horizontally. (d) Nimbus. This form is characterized by its uniform gray tint and ragged edges; it covers the sky in seasons of continued rain, as in easterly storms, and is the proper rain cloud. The name is sometimes used to denote a raining cumulus, or cumulostratus. (e) Cirro-cumulus. This form consists, like the cirrus, of thin, broken, fleecelice clouds, but the parts are more or less rounded and regulary grouped. It is popularly called mackerel sky. (f) Cirro-stratus. In this form the patches of cirrus coalesce in long strata, between cirrus and stratus. (g) Cumulo-stratus. A form between cumulus and stratus, often assuming at the horizon a black or bluish tint. -- Fog, cloud, motionless, or nearly so, lying near or in contact with the earth's surface. -- Storm scud, cloud lying quite low, without form, and driven rapidly with the wind.
2. A mass or volume of smoke, or flying dust, resembling vapor. "A thick cloud of incense." Ezek. viii. 11.
3. A dark vein or spot on a lighter material, as in marble; hence, a blemish or defect; as, a cloud upon one's reputation; a cloud on a title.
4. That which has a dark, lowering, or threatening aspect; that which temporarily overshadows, obscures, or depresses; as, a cloud of sorrow; a cloud of war; a cloud upon the intellect.
5. A great crowd or multitude; a vast collection. "So great a cloud of witnesses." Heb. xii. 1.
6. A large, loosely-knitted scarf, worn by women about the head. Cloud on a (or the) title (Law), a defect of title, usually superficial and capable of removal by release, decision in equity, or legislation. -- To be under a cloud, to be under suspicion or in disgrace; to be in disfavor. -- In the clouds, in the realm of facy and imagination; beyond reason; visionary.
CLOUD Cloud, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clouded; p. pr. & vb. n. Clouding.]
1. To overspread or hide with a cloud or clouds; as, the sky is clouded.
2. To darken or obscure, as if by hiding or enveloping with a cloud; hence, to render gloomy or sullen. One day too late, I fear me, noble lord, Hath clouded all thy happy days on earth. Shak. Be not disheartened, then, nor cloud those looks. Milton. Nothing clouds men's minds and impairs their honesty like prejudice. M. Arnold.
3. To blacken; to sully; to stain; to tarnish; to damage; -- esp. used of reputation or character. I would not be a stander-by to hear My sovereign mistress clouded so, without My present vengeance taken. Shak.
4. To mark with, or darken in, veins or sports; to variegate with colors; as, to cloud yarn. And the nice conduct of a clouded cane. Pope.
CLOUD Cloud, v. i.
Defn: To grow cloudy; to become obscure with clouds; -- often used with up. Worthies, away! The scene begins to cloud. Shak.
CLOUDAGE Cloud"age, n.
Defn: Mass of clouds; cloudiness. [R.] A scudding cloudage of shapes. Coleridge.
CLOUDBERRY Cloud"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)
Defn: A species of raspberry (Rubus Chamæmerous) growing in the northern regions, and bearing edible, amber-colored fruit.
CLOUD-BUILT Cloud"-built, a.
Defn: Built of, or in, the clouds; airy; unsubstantial; imaginary. Cowper. So vanished my cloud-built palace. Goldsmith.
CLOUD-BURST Cloud"-burst`, n.
Defn: A sudden copious rainfall, as the whole cloud had been precipitated at once.
CLOUD-CAPPED Cloud"-capped`, a.
Defn: Having clouds resting on the top or head; reaching to the clouds; as, cloud-capped mountains.
CLOUD-COMPELLER Cloud"-com*pel`ler, n.
Defn: Cloud-gatherer; -- an epithet applied to Zeus. [Poetic.] Pope.
CLOUDILY Cloud"i*ly, adv.
Defn: In a cloudy manner; darkly; obscurely. Dryden.
CLOUDINESS Cloud"i*ness, n.
Defn: The state of being cloudy.
CLOUDING Cloud"ing, n.
1. A mottled appearance given to ribbons and silks in the process of dyeing.
2. A diversity of colors in yarn, recurring at regular intervals. Knight.
CLOUDLAND Cloud"land`, n.
Defn: Dreamland.
CLOUDLESS Cloud"less, a.
Defn: Without a cloud; clear; bright. A cloudless winter sky. Bankroft. -- Cloud"less*ly, adv. -- Cloud"less*ness, n.
CLOUDLET Cloud"let, n.
Defn: A little cloud. R. Browning. Eve's first star through fleecy cloudlet peeping. Coleridge.
CLOUDY Cloud"y (, a. [Compar. Cloudier (; superl. Cloudiest.] Etym: [From Cloud, n.]
1. Overcast or obscured with clouds; clouded; as, a cloudy sky.
2. Consisting of a cloud or clouds. As Moses entered into the tabernacle, the cloudy pillar descended. Ex. xxxiii. 9
3. Indicating gloom, anxiety, sullenness, or ill-nature; not open or cheerful. "A cloudy countenance." Shak.
4. Confused; indistinct; obscure; dark. Cloudy and confused notions of things. Watts.
5. Lacking clearness, brightness, or luster. "A cloudy diamond." Boyle.
6. Marked with veins or sports of dark or various hues, as marble.
CLOUGH Clough, n. Etym: [OE. clough, cloghe, clou, clewch, AS. (assumed) cloh, akin to G. klinge ravine.]
1. A cleft in a hill; a ravine; a narrow valley. Nares.
2. A sluice used in returning water to a channel after depositing its sediment on the flooded land. Knight.
CLOUGH Clough, n. (Com.)
Defn: An allowance in weighing. See Cloff.
CLOUT Clout, n. Etym: [AS. clut a little cloth, piece of metal; cf. Sw. klut, Icel. klutr a kerchief, or W. clwt a clout, Gael. clud.]
1. A cloth; a piece of cloth or leather; a patch; a rag. His garments, nought but many ragged clouts, With thorns together pinned and patched was. Spenser. A clout upon that head where late the diadem stood. Shak.
2. A swadding cloth.
3. A piece; a fragment. [Obs.] Chaucer.
4. The center of the butt at which archers shoot; -- probably once a piece of white cloth or a nail head. A'must shoot nearer or he'll ne'er hit the clout. Shak.
5. An iron plate on an axletree or other wood to keep it from wearing; a washer.
6. A blow with the hand. [Low] Clout nail, a kind of wrought-iron nail heaving a large flat head; -- used for fastening clouts to axletrees, plowshares, etc., also for studding timber, and for various purposes.
CLOUT Clout, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clouted; p. pr. & vb. n. Clouting.] Etym: [OE. clutien. clouten, to patch. See Clout, n.]
1. To cover with cloth, leather, or other material; to bandage; patch, or mend, with a clout. And old shoes and clouted upon their feet. Josh. ix. 5. Paul, yea, and Peter, too, had more skill in . . . clouting an old tent than to teach lawyers. Latimer.
2. To join or patch clumsily. If fond Bavius vent his clouted song. P. Fletcher
3. To quard with an iron plate, as an axletree.
4. To give a blow to; to strike. [Low] The . . . queen of Spain took off one of her chopines and clouted Olivarez about the noddle with it. Howell.
5. To stud with nails, as a timber, or a boot sole. Clouted cream, clotted cream, i. e., cream obtained by warming new milk. A. Philips.
Note: "Clouted brogues" in Shakespeare and "clouted shoon" in Milton have been understood by some to mean shoes armed with nails; by others, patched shoes.
CLOUTERLY Clout"er*ly, a. Etym: [From Clout, n.]
Defn: Clumsy; awkward. [Obs.] Rough-hewn, cloutery verses. E. Phillips.
CLOVE Clove,
Defn: imp. of Cleave. Cleft. Spenser. Clove hitch (Naut.) See under Hitch. -- Clove hook (Naut.), an iron two-part hook, with jaws overlapping, used in bending chain sheets to the clews of sails; -- called also clip hook. Knight.
CLOVE Clove, n. Etym: [D. kloof. See Cleave, v. t.]
Defn: A cleft; a gap; a ravine; -- rarely used except as part of a proper name; as, Kaaterskill Clove; Stone Clove.
CLOVE Clove, n. Etym: [OE. clow, fr. F. clou nail, clou de girofle a clove, lit. nail of clove, fr. L. clavus nail, perh. akin to clavis key, E. clavicle. The clove was so called from its resemblance to a nail. So in D. kruidnagel clove, lit. herb-nail or spice-nail. Cf. Cloy.]
Defn: A very pungent aromatic spice, the unexpanded flower bud of the clove tree (Eugenia, or Caryophullus, aromatica), a native of the Molucca Isles. Clove camphor. (Chem.) See Eugenin. -- Clove gillyflower, Clove pink (Bot.), any fragrant self-colored carnation.
CLOVE Clove, n. Etym: [AS. clufe an ear of corn, a clove of garlic; cf. cleófan to split, E. cleave.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: One of the small bulbs developed in the axils of the scales of a large bulb, as in the case of garlic. Developing, in the axils of its skales, new bulbs, of what gardeners call cloves. Lindley.
2. A weight. A clove of cheese is about eight pounds, of wool, about seven pounds. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
CLOVEN Clo"ven, p. p. & a.
Defn: from Cleave, v. t. To show the cloven foot or hoof, to reveal a devilish character, or betray an evil purpose, notwithstanding disguises, -- Satan being represented dramatically and symbolically as having cloven hoofs.
CLOVEN-FOOTED; CLOVEN-HOOFED Clo"ven-foot`ed, Clo"ven-hoofed`, a.
Defn: Having the foot or hoof divided into two parts, as the ox.
CLOVER Clo"ver, n. Etym: [OE. claver, clover, AS. cl; akin to LG. & Dan. klever, D. klaver, G. klee, Sw. kl.] (Bot.)
Defn: A plant of differend species of the genus Trifolium; as the common red clover, T. pratense, the white, T. repens, and the hare's foot, T. arvense. Clover weevil (Zoöl.) a small weevil (Apion apricans), that destroys the seeds of clover. -- Clover worm (Zoöl.), the larva of a small moth (Asopia costalis), often very destructive to clover hay. -- In clover, in very pleasant circumstances; fortunate. [Colloq.] - - Sweet clover. See Meliot.
CLOVERED Clo"vered, a.
Defn: Covered with growing clover. Flocks thick nibbling through the clovered vale. Thomson.
CLOWE-GILOFRE Clowe"-gi*lof`re, n. Etym: [See 3d Clove, and Gilliflower.]
Defn: Spice clove. [Obs.] Chaucer.
CLOWN Clown, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. klunni a clumsy, boorish fellow, North Fries. kl clown, dial. Sw. klunn log, Dan. klunt log block, and E. clump, n.]
1. A man of coarse nature and manners; an awkward fellow; an illbred person; a boor. Sir P. Sidney.
2. One who works upon the soil; a rustic; a churl. The clown, the child of nature, without guile. Cowper.
3. The fool or buffoon in a play, circus, etc. The clown shall make those laugh whose lungs are tickle o'the sere. Shak.
CLOWN Clown, v. i.
Defn: To act as a clown; -- with it [Obs.] Beclowns it properly indeed. B. Jonson.
CLOWNAGE Clown"age, n.
Defn: Behavior or manners of a clown; clownery. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
CLOWNERY Clown"er*y, n.
Defn: Clownishness. L'Estrange.
CLOWNISH Clown"ish, a.
Defn: Of or resembling a clown, or characteristic of a clown; ungainly; awkward. "Clownish hands." Spenser. "Clownish mimic." Prior. -- Clown"ish*ly, adv.
Syn. -- Coarse; rough; clumsy; awkward; ungainly; rude; uncivil; ill- bred; boorish; rustic; untutored.
CLOWNISHNESS Clown"ish*ness, n.
Defn: The manners of a clown; coarseness or rudeness of behavior. That plainness which the alamode people call clownishness. Locke.
CLOY Cloy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cloyed (kloid); p. pr. & vb. n. Cloying.] Etym: [OE. cloer to nail up, F. clouer, fr. OF. clo nail, F. clou, fr. L. clavus nail. Cf. 3d Clove.]
1. To fill or choke up; to stop up; to clog. [Obs.] The duke's purpose was to have cloyed the harbor by sinking ships, laden with stones. Speed.
2. To glut, or satisfy, as the appetite; to satiate; to fill to loathing; to surfeit. [Who can] cloy the hungry edge of appetite By bare imagination of a feast Shak. He sometimes cloys his readers instead of satisfying. Dryden.
3. To penetrate or pierce; to wound. Which, with his cruel tusk, him deadly cloyed. Spenser. He never shod horse but he cloyed him. Bacon.
4. To spike, as a cannon. [Obs.] Johnson.
5. To stroke with a claw. [Obs.] Shak.
CLOYLESS Cloy"less, a.
Defn: That does not cloy. Shak.
CLOYMENT Cloy"ment, n.
Defn: Satiety. [Obs.] Shak.
CLUB Club, n. Etym: [CF. Icel. klubba, klumba, club, klumbuf a clubfoot, SW. klubba club, Dan. klump lump, klub a club, G. klumpen clump, kolben club, and E. clump.]
1. A heavy staff of wood, usually tapering, and wielded the hand; a weapon; a cudgel. But make you ready your stiff bats and clubs; Rome and her rats are at the point of battle. Shak.
2. Etym: [Cf. the Spanish name bastos, and Sp. baston staff, club.]
Defn: Any card of the suit of cards having a figure like the trefoil or clover leaf. (pl.) The suit of cards having such figure.
3. An association of persons for the promotion of some common object, as literature, science, politics, good fellowship, etc.; esp. an association supported by equal assessments or contributions of the members. They talked At wine, in clubs, of art, of politics. Tennyson. He [Goldsmith] was one of the nine original members of that celebrated fraternity which has sometimes been called the Literary Club, but which has always disclaimed that epithet, and still glories in the simple name of the Club. Macaulay.
4. A joint charge of expense, or any person's share of it; a contribution to a common fund. They laid down the club. L'Estrange. We dined at a French house, but paid ten shillings for our part of the club. Pepys. Club law, government by violence; lynch law; anarchy. Addison. -Club moss (Bot.), an evergreen mosslike plant, much used in winter decoration. The best know species is Lycopodium clavatum, but other Lycopodia are often called by this name. The spores form a highly inflammable powder. -- Club root (Bot.), a disease of cabbages, by which the roots become distorted and the heads spoiled. -- Club topsail (Naut.), a kind of gaff topsail, used mostly by yachts having a fore-and-aft rig. It has a short "club" or "jack yard" to increase its spread.
CLUB Club, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clubbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Clubbing.]
1. To beat with a club.
2. (Mil.)
Defn: To throw, or allow to fall, into confusion. To club a battalion implies a temporary inability in the commanding officer to restore any given body of men to their natural front in line or column. Farrow.
3. To unite, or contribute, for the accomplishment of a common end; as, to club exertions.
4. To raise, or defray, by a proportional assesment; as, to club the expense. To club a musket (Mil.), to turn the breach uppermost, so as to use it as a club.
CLUB Club, v. i.
1. To form a club; to combine for the promotion of some common object; to unite. Till grosser atoms, tumbling in the stream Of fancy, madly met, and clubbed into a dream. Dryden.
2. To pay on equal or proportionate share of a common charge or expense; to pay for something by contribution. The owl, the raven, and the bat, Clubbed for a feather to his hat. Swift.
3. (Naut.)
Defn: To drift in a current with an anchor out.
CLUBBABLE Club"ba*ble, a.
Defn: Suitable for membership in a club; sociable. [Humorous.] G. W. Curtis.
CLUBBED Clubbed, a.
Defn: Shaped like a club; grasped like, or used as, a club. Skelton.
CLUBBER Club"ber, n.
1. One who clubs.
2. A member of a club. [R.] Massinger.
CLUBBISH Club"bish, a.
1. Rude; clownish. [Obs.]
2. Disposed to club together; as, a clubbish set.
CLUBBIST Club"bist, n.
Defn: A member of a club; a frequenter of clubs. [R.] Burke.
CLUBFIST Club"fist`, n.
1. A large, heavy fist.
2. A coarse, brutal fellow. [Obs.] Mir. for Mag.
CLUBFISTED Club"fist`ed, a.
Defn: Having a large fist. Howell.
CLUBFOOT Club"foot, n. Etym: [Club + foot.] (Med.)
Defn: A short, variously distorted foot; also, the deformity, usually congenital, which such a foot exhibits; talipes.
CLUBFOOTED Club"foot`ed, a.
Defn: Having a clubfoot.
CLUBHAND Club"hand`, n. (Med.)
Defn: A short, distorted hand; also, the deformity of having such a hand.
CLUBHAUL Club"haul`, v. t. (Naut.)
Defn: To put on the other tack by dropping the lee anchor as soon as the wind is out of the sails (which brings the vessel's head to the wind), and by cutting the cable as soon as she pays off on the other tack. Clubhauling is attempted only in an exigency.
CLUBHOUSE Club"house`, n.
Defn: A house occupied by a club.
CLUBROOM Club"room`, n.
Defn: The apartment in which a club meets. Addison.
CLUB-RUSH Club"-rush`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: A rushlike plant, the reed mace or cat-tail, or some species of the genus Scirpus. See Bulrush.
CLUB-SHAPED Club"-shaped, a.
Defn: Enlarged gradually at the end, as the antennæ of certain insects.
CLUCK Cluck, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Clucked; p pr. & vb. n. Clucking.] Etym: [AS. cloccian; cf. D. klokken, G. glucken, glucksen, LG. klukken, Dan. klukke; all prob. of imitative origin.]
Defn: To make the noise, or utter the call, of a brooding hen. Ray.
CLUCK Cluck, v. t.
Defn: To call together, or call to follow, as a hen does her chickens. She, poor hen, fond of no second brood, Has clucked three to the wars. Shak.
CLUCK Cluck, n.
1. The call of a hen to her chickens.
2. A click. See 3d Click, 2.
CLUCKING Cluck"ing, n.
Defn: The noise or call of a brooding hen.
CLUE Clue, n. Etym: [See Clew, n.]
Defn: A ball of thread; a thread or other means of guidance. Same as Clew. You have wound a goodly clue. Shak. This clue once found unravels all the rest. Pope. Serve as clues to guide us into further knowledge. Locke.
CLUM Clum, interj.
Defn: Silence; hush. [Obs.] Chaucer.
CLUMBER Clum"ber, n. Etym: [Named from the estate of the Duke of Newcastle.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A kind of field spaniel, with short legs and stout body, which, unlike other spaniels, hunts silently.
CLUMP Clump, n. Etym: [Cf. D. klomp lump, G. klump, klumpen, Dan. klump, Sw. kllimp; perh. akin to L. globus, E. globe. Cf. Club.]
1. An unshaped piece or mass of wood or other substance.
2. A cluster; a group; a thicket. A clump of shrubby trees. Hawthorne.
3. The compressed clay of coal strata. Brande & C.
CLUMP Clump, v. t.
Defn: To arrange in a clump or clumps; to cluster; to group. Blackmore.
CLUMP Clump, v. i.
Defn: To tread clumsily; to clamp. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
CLUMPER Clump"er, v. t. Etym: [Cf. G. klümpern to clod. See Clump, n.]
Defn: To form into clumps or masses. [Obs.] Vapors . . . clumpered in balls of clouds. Dr. H. More.
CLUMPS Clumps, n.
Defn: A game in which questions are asked for the purpose of enabling the questioners to discover a word or thing previously selected by two persons who answer the questions; -- so called because the players take sides in two "clumps" or groups, the "clump" which guesses the word winning the game.
CLUMPY Clump"y, a. Etym: [From Clump, n.]
Defn: Composed of clumps; massive; shapeless. Leigh Hunt.
CLUMSILY Clum"si*ly, adv.
Defn: In a clumsy manner; awkwardly; as, to walk clumsily.
CLUMSINESS Clum"si*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being clusy. The drudging part of life is chiefly owing to clumsiness and ignorance. Collier.
CLUMSY Clum"sy, a. [Compar. Clumsier; superl. Clumsiest.] Etym: [OE. clumsed benumbed, fr. clumsen to be benumbed; cf. Icel. klumsa lockjaw, dial. Sw. klummsen benumbed with cold. Cf. 1st Clam, and 1st Clamp.]
1. Stiff or benumbed, as with cold. [Obs.]
2. Without skill or grace; wanting dexterity, nimbleness, or readiness; stiff; awkward, as if benumbed; unwieldy; unhandy; hence; ill-made, misshapen, or inappropriate; as, a clumsy person; a clumsy workman; clumsy fingers; a clumsy gesture; a clumsy excuse. But thou in clumsy verse, unlicked, unpointed, Hast shamefully defied the Lord's anointed. Dryden.
Syn. -- See Awkward.
CLUNCH Clunch, n. Etym: [Perh. fr. clinch to make fast]
Defn: .
1. (Mining)
Defn: Indurated clay. See Bind, n., 3.
2. One of the hard beds of the lower chalk. Dana.
CLUNG Clung,
Defn: imp. & p. p. of Cling.
CLUNG Clung, a. Etym: [Prop. p. p. fr. OE. clingen to wither. See Cling, v. i.]
Defn: Wasted away; shrunken. [Obs.]
CLUNIAC Clu"ni*ac, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
Defn: A monk of the reformed branch of the Benedictine Order, founded in 912 at Cluny (or Clugny) in France. -- Also used as a.
CLUNIACENSIAN Clu`ni*a*cen"sian, a.
Defn: Cluniac.
CLUPEOID Clu"pe*oid, a. Etym: [L.clupea a kind of fish, NL., generic name of the herring + -oid.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Herring family.
CLUSTER Clus"ter, n. Etym: [AS. cluster, clyster; cf. LG. kluster (also Sw. & Dan. klase a cluster of grapes, D. klissen to be entangled.)]
1. A number of things of the same kind growing together; a bunch. Her deeds were like great clusters of ripe grapes, Which load the bunches of the fruitful vine. Spenser.
2. A number of similar things collected together or lying contiguous; a group; as, a cluster of islands. "Cluster of provinces." Motley.
3. A number of individuals grouped together or collected in one place; a crowd; a mob. As bees . . . Pour forth their populous youth about the hive In clusters. Milton. We loved him; but, like beasts And cowardly nobles, gave way unto your clusters, Who did hoot him out o' the city. Shak.
CLUSTER Clus"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Clustered; p. pr. & vb. n. Clustering.]
Defn: To grow in clusters or assemble in groups; to gather or unite in a cluster or clusters. His sunny hair Cluster'd about his temples, like a god's. Tennyson. The princes of the country clustering together. Foxe.
CLUSTER Clus"ter, v. t.
Defn: To collect into a cluster or clusters; to gather into a bunch or close body. Not less the bee would range her cells, . . . The foxglove cluster dappled bells. Tennyson. Or from the forest falls the clustered snow. Thomson. Clustered column (Arch.), a column which is composed, or appears to be composed, of several columns collected together.
CLUSTERINGLY Clus"ter*ing*ly, adv.
Defn: In clusters.
CLUSTERY Clus"ter*y, a. Etym: [From Cluster, n.]
Defn: Growing in, or full of, clusters; like clusters. Johnson.
CLUTCH Clutch (kluch; 224), n. Etym: [OE. cloche, cloke, claw, Scot. clook, cleuck, also OE. cleche claw, clechen, cleken, to seize; cf. AS. gelæccan (where ge- is a prefix) to seize. Cf. Latch a catch.]
1. A gripe or clinching with, or as with, the fingers or claws; seizure; grasp. "The clutch of poverty." Cowper. An expiring clutch at popularity. Carlyle. But Age, with his stealing steps, Hath clawed me in his clutch. Shak.
2. pl.
Defn: The hands, claws, or talons, in the act of grasping firmly; -- often figuratively, for power, rapacity, or cruelty; as, to fall into the clutches of an adversary. I must have . . . little care of myself, if I ever more come near the clutches of such a giant. Bp. Stillingfleet.
3. (Mach.)
Defn: A device which is used for coupling shafting, etc., so as to transmit motion, and which may be disengaged at pleasure.
4. Any device for gripping an object, as at the end of a chain or tackle.
5. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The nest complement of eggs of a bird. Bayonet clutch (Mach.), a clutch in which connection is made by means of bayonets attached to arms sliding on a feathered shaft. The bayonets slide through holes in a crosshead fastened on the shaft.
CLUTCH Clutch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clutched; p. pr. & vb. n. Clutching.] Etym: [OE. clucchen. See Clutch, n.]
1. To seize, clasp, or gripe with the hand, hands, or claws; -- often figuratively; as, to clutch power. A man may set the poles together in his head, and clutch the whole globe at one intellectual grasp. Collier. Is this a dagger which I see before me . . . Come, let me clutch thee. Shak.
2. To close tightly; to clinch. Not that I have the power to clutch my hand. Shak.
CLUTCH Clutch, v. i.
Defn: To reach (at something) as if to grasp; to catch or snatch; -- often followed by at. Clutching at the phantoms of the stock market. Bankroft.
CLUTTER Clut"ter, n. Etym: [Cf. W. cludair heap, pile, cludeirio to heap.]
1. A confused collection; hence, confusion; disorder; as, the room is in a clutter. He saw what a clutter there was with huge, overgrown pots, pans, and spits. L'Estrange.
2. Clatter; confused noise. Swift.
CLUTTER Clut"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cluttered; p. pr. & vb. n. Cluttering.]
Defn: To crowd together in disorder; to fill or cover with things in disorder; to throw into disorder; to disarrange; as, to clutter a room.
CLUTTER Clut"ter, v. i.
Defn: To make a confused noise; to bustle. It [the goose] cluttered here, it chuckled there. Tennyson.
CLUTTER Clut"ter, v. t. Etym: [From Clod, n.]
Defn: To clot or coagulate, as blood. [Obs.] Holland.
CLYDESDALE Clydes"dale, n.
Defn: One of a breed of heavy draft horses originally from Clydesdale, Scotland. They are about sixteen hands high and usually brown or bay.
CLYDESDALE TERRIER Clydesdale terrier.
Defn: One of a breed of small silky-haired terriers related to, but smaller than, the Skye terrier, having smaller and perfectly erect ears.
CLYPEASTROID Clyp`e*as"troid, a. Etym: [NL. Clypeaster (L. clupeus shield + aster star) + -oid.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Like or related to the genus Clupeaster; -- applied to a group of flattened sea urchins, with a rosette of pores on the upper side.
CLYPEATE Clyp"e*ate, a. Etym: [L. clupeatus, p. p. of clupeare to arm with a shield, fr. clupeus, clipeus shield.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: Shaped like a round buckler or shield; scutate.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Furnished with a shield, or a protective plate or shell.
CLYPEIFORM Clyp"e*i*form`, a. Etym: [L. clupeus shield + -form.]
Defn: Shield-shaped; clypeate.
CLYPEUS Clyp"e*us, n.; pl. Clypei. Etym: [L., a shield.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The frontal plate of the head of an insect.
CLYSMIAN Clys"mi*an, a. Etym: [Gr. Clyster.]
Defn: Connected with, or related to, the deluge, or to a cataclysm; as, clysmian changes. Smart.
CLYSMIC Clys"mic, a.
Defn: Washing; cleansing.
CLYSTER Clys"ter, n. Etym: [L., fr. G. hlutrs pure, G. lauter: cf. F. clystère] (Med.)
Defn: A liquid injected into the lower intestines by means of a syringe; an injection; an enema. Clyster pipe, a tube or pipe used for injections.
CLYTIE KNOT Cly"tie knot.
Defn: In hair dressing, a loose, low coil at the back of the head, like the knot on the head of the bust of Clytie by G. F. Watts.
CNEMIAL Cne"mi*al, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)
Defn: Pertaining to the shin bone. Cnemial crest, a crestlike prominence on the proximal end of the tibia of birds and some reptiles.
CNIDA Cni"da, n.; pl. Cnidæ. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the peculiar stinging, cells found in Coelenterata; a nematocyst; a lasso cell.
CNIDARIA Cni*da"ri*a, n., pl. Etym: [NL. See Cnida.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A comprehensive group equivalent to the true Coelenterata, i.e., exclusive of the sponges. They are so named from presence of stinging cells (cnidae) in the tissues. See Coelenterata.
CNIDOBLAST Cni"do*blast, n. Etym: [Cnida + -blast.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the cells which, in the Coelenterata, develop into cnidæ.
CNIDOCIL Cni"do*cil, n. Etym: [Cnida + cilium eyelash.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The fine filiform process of a cnidoblast.
CO- Co- (.
Defn: A form of the prefix com-, signifying with, together, in conjunction, joint. It is used before vowels and some consonants. See Com-.
COACERVATE Co`a*cer"vate, a. Etym: [L. coacervatus, p. p. of coacervare to heap up; co- + acervare. See Acervate.]
Defn: Raised into a pile; collected into a crowd; heaped. [R.] Bacon.
COACERVATE Co`a*cer"vate, v. t.
Defn: To heap up; to pile. [R.]
COACERVATION Co*ac`er*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. coacervatio.]
Defn: A heaping together. [R.] Bacon.
COACH Coach (; 224), n. Etym: [F. coche, fr. It. cocchio, dim. of cocca little boat, fr. L. concha mussel, mussel shell, Gr. çankha. Cf. Conch, Cockboat, Cockle.]
1. A large, closed, four-wheeled carriage, having doors in the sides, and generally a front and back seat inside, each for two persons, and an elevated outside seat in front for the driver.
Note: Coaches have a variety of forms, and differ in respect to the number of persons they can carry. Mail coaches and tallyho coaches often have three or more seats inside, each for two or three persons, and seats outside, sometimes for twelve or more.
2. A special tutor who assists in preparing a student for examination; a trainer; esp. one who trains a boat's crew for a race. [Colloq.] Wareham was studying for India with a Wancester coach. G. Eliot.
3. (Naut.)
Defn: A cabin on the after part of the quarterdeck, usually occupied by the captain. [Written also couch.] [Obs.] The commanders came on board and the council sat in the coach. Pepys.
4. (Railroad)
Defn: A first-class passenger car, as distinguished from a drawing- room car, sleeping car, etc. It is sometimes loosely applied to any passenger car.
COACH Coach, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coached; p. pr. & vb. n. Coaching.]
1. To convey in a coach. Pope.
2. To prepare for public examination by private instruction; to train by special instruction. [Colloq.] I coached him before he got his scholarship. G. Eliot.
COACH Coach, v. i.
Defn: To drive or to ride in a coach; -- sometimes used with it. [Colloq.] "Coaching it to all quarters." E. Waterhouse.
COACHBOX Coach"box`.
Defn: The seat of a coachman.
COACHDOG Coach"dog`. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of a breed of dogs trained to accompany carriages; the Dalmatian dog.
COACHEE Coach"ee, n.
Defn: A coachman [Slang]
COACHER Coach"er, n.
1. A coachman. [Obs.]
2. A coach horse.
3. One who coaches; specif. (Baseball),
Defn: one of the side at the bat posted near first or third base to direct a base runner.
COACHFELLOW Coach"fel`low, n.
Defn: One of a pair of horses employed to draw a coach; hence (Fig.), a comrade. Shak.
COACHMAN Coach"man, n.; pl. Coachmen.
1. A man whose business is to drive a coach or carriage.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A tropical fish of the Atlantic ocean (Dutes auriga); -- called also charioteer. The name refers to a long, lashlike spine of the dorsal fin.
COACHMANSHIP Coach"man*ship, n.
Defn: Skill in driving a coach.
COACHWHIP SNAKE Coach"whip` snake". (Zoöl.)
Defn: A large, slender, harmless snake of the southern United States (Masticophis flagelliformis).
Note: Its long and tapering tail has the scales so arranged and colored as to give it a braided appearance, whence the name.
COACT Co*act", v. t. Etym: [L. coactare, intens. fr. cogere, coactum, to force. See Cogent.]
Defn: To force; to compel; to drive. [Obs.] The faith and service of Christ ought to be voluntary and not coacted. Foxe.
COACT Co*act", v. i. Etym: [Pref. co- + act, v.i.]
Defn: To act together; to work in concert; to unite. [Obs.] But if I tell you how these two did coact. Shak.
COACTION Co*ac"tion, n. Etym: [L. coactio.]
Defn: Force; compulsion, either in restraining or impelling. Sojth.
COACTIVE Co*ac"tive, a. Etym: [In sense 1, fr. 1st Coact; in sense 2, fr. 2d Coact.]
1. Serving to compel or constrain; compulsory; restrictive. Any coactive power or the civil kind. Bp. Warburton.
2. Acting in concurrence; united in action. With what's unreal thou coactive art. Shak.
COACTIVELY Co*ac"tive*ly, adv.
Defn: In a coactive manner.
COACTIVITY Co`ac*tiv"i*ty, n.
Defn: Unity of action.
COADAPTATION Co*ad`ap*ta"tion, n.
Defn: Mutual adaption. R. Owen.
COADAPTED Co`a*dapt"ed, a.
Defn: Adapted one to another; as, coadapted pulp and tooth. R. Owen.
COADJUMENT Co*ad"ju*ment, n.
Defn: Mutual help; coöperation. [R.] Johnson.
COADJUST Co`ad*just", v. t.
Defn: To adjust by mutual adaptations. R. Owen.
COADJUSTMENT Co`ad*just"ment, n.
Defn: Mutual adjustment.
COADJUTANT Co*ad"ju*tant, a.
Defn: Mutually assisting or operating; helping. J. Philips.
COADJUTANT Co*ad"ju*tant, n.
Defn: An assistant. R. North.
COADJUTING Co*ad"ju*ting, a.
Defn: Mutually assisting. [Obs.] Drayton.
COADJUTIVE Co*ad"ju*tive, a.
Defn: Rendering mutual aid; coadjutant. Feltham.
COADJUTOR Co`ad*ju"tor, n. Etym: [L. See Co-, and Aid.]
1. One who aids another; an assistant; a coworker. Craftily outwitting her perjured coadjutor. Sheridan.
2. (R. C. Ch.)
Defn: The assistant of a bishop or of a priest holding a benefice.
COADJUTORSHIP Co`ad*ju"tor*ship, n.
Defn: The state or office of a coadjutor; joint assistance. Pope.
COADJUTRESS; COADJUTRIX Co`ad*ju"tress, Co`ad*ju"trix, n.
Defn: A female coadjutor or assistant. Holland. Smollett.
COADJUVANCY Co*ad"ju*van*cy, n.
Defn: Joint help; coöperation. Sir T. Browne.
COADJUVANT Co*ad"ju*vant, a.
Defn: Coöperating.
COADJUVANT Co*ad"ju*vant, n. (Med.)
Defn: An adjuvant.
COADUNATE Co*ad"u*nate, a. Etym: [L. coadunatus, p. p. of coadunare to unite. See Adunation.] (Bot.)
Defn: United at the base, as contiguous lobes of a leaf.
COADUNATION Co*ad`u*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. coadunatio.]
Defn: Union, as in one body or mass; unity. Jer. Taylor. The coadunation of all the civilized provinces. Coleridge.
COADUNITION Co*ad`u*ni"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. co- + pref. ad- + unition.]
Defn: Coadunation. [R.] Sir M. Hale.
COADVENTURE Co`ad*ven"ture, n.
Defn: An adventure in which two or more persons are partakers.
COADVENTURE Co`ad*ven"ture, v. i.
Defn: To share in a venture. Howell.
COADVENTURER Co`ad*ven"tur*er, n.
Defn: A fellow adventurer.
COAFFOREST Co`af*for"est, v. t.
Defn: To convert into, or add to, a forest. Howell.
COAG Coag, n.
Defn: See Coak, a kind of tenon.
COAGENCY Co*a"gen*cy, n.
Defn: Agency in common; joint agency or agent. Coleridge.
COAGENT Co*a"gent, n.
Defn: An associate in an act; a coworker. Drayton.
COAGMENT Co`ag*ment", v. t. Etym: [L. coagmentare, fr. coagmentum a joining together, fr. cogere. See Cogent.]
Defn: To join together. [Obs.] Glanvill.
COAGMENTATION Co*ag`men*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. coagmentatio.]
Defn: The act of joining, or the state of being joined, together; union. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
COAGULABILITY Co*ag`u*la*bil"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality of being coagulable; capacity of being coagulated. Ure.
COAGULABLE Co*ag"u*la*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being coagulated. Boyle.
COAGULANT Co*ag"u*lant, n. Etym: [L. coagulans, p. pr.]
Defn: That which produces coagulation.
COAGULATE Co*ag"u*late, a. Etym: [L. coagulatus, p. p. of coagulare to coagulate, fr. coagulum means of coagulation, fr. cogere, coactum, to drive together, coagulate. See Cogent.]
Defn: Coagulated. [Obs.] Shak.
COAGULATE Co*ag"u*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coagulated; p. pr. & vb. n. Coagulating.]
Defn: To cause (a liquid) to change into a curdlike or semisolid state, not by evaporation but by some kind of chemical reaction; to curdle; as, rennet coagulates milk; heat coagulates the white of an egg.
COAGULATE Co*ag"u*late, v. i.
Defn: To undergo coagulation. Boyle.
Syn. -- To thicken; concrete; curdle; clot; congeal.
COAGULATED Co*ag"u*la`ted, a.
Defn: Changed into, or contained in, a coagulum or a curdlike mass; curdled. Coagulated proteid (Physiol. Chem.), one of a class of bodies formed in the coagulation of a albuminous substance by heat, acids, or other agents.
COAGULATION Co*ag`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. coagulatio.]
1. The change from a liquid to a thickened, curdlike, insoluble state, not by evaporation, but by some kind of chemical reaction; as, the spontaneous coagulation of freshly drawn blood; the coagulation of milk by rennet, or acid, and the coagulation of egg albumin by heat. Coagulation is generally the change of an albuminous body into an insoluble modification.
2. The substance or body formed by coagulation.
COAGULATIVE Co*ag"u*la*tive, a.
Defn: Having the power to cause coagulation; as, a coagulative agent. Boyle.
COAGULATOR Co*ag"u*la`tor, n.
Defn: That which causes coagulation. Hixley.
COAGULATORY Co*ag"u*la*to*ry, a.
Defn: Serving to coagulate; produced by coagulation; as, coagulatory effects. Boyle.
COAGULUM Co*ag"u*lum, n.; pl. Coagula. Etym: [L. See Coagulate, a.]
Defn: The thick, curdy precipitate formed by the coagulation of albuminous matter; any mass of coagulated matter, as a clot of bloot.
COAITA Co*ai"ta, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The native name of certain South American monkeys of the genus Ateles, esp. A. paniscus. The black-faced coaita is Ateles ater. See Illustration in Appendix.
COAK Coak, n.
Defn: See Coke, n.
COAK Coak, n.
1. (Carp.)
Defn: A kind of tenon connecting the face of a scarfed timber with the face of another timber, or a dowel or pin of hard wood or iron uniting timbers. [Also spelt coag.]
2. A metallic bushing or strengthening piece in the center of a wooden block sheve.
COAK Coak, v. t. (Carp.)
Defn: To unite, as timbers, by means of tenons or dowels in the edges or face. Totten.
COAL Coal, n. Etym: [AS. col; akin to D. kool, OHG. chol, cholo, G. kohle, Icel. kol, pl., Sw. kol, Dan. kul; cf. Skr. jval to burn. Cf. Kiln, Collier.]
1. A thoroughly charred, and extinguished or still ignited, fragment from wood or other combustible substance; charcoal.
2. (Min.)
Defn: A black, or brownish black, solid, combustible substance, dug from beds or veins in the earth to be used for fuel, and consisting, like charcoal, mainly of carbon, but more compact, and often affording, when heated, a large amount of volatile matter.
Note: This word is often used adjectively, or as the first part of self-explaining compounds; as, coal-black; coal formation; coal scuttle; coal ship. etc.
Note: In England the plural coals is used, for the broken mineral coal burned in grates, etc.; as, to put coals on the fire. In the United States the singular in a collective sense is the customary usage; as, a hod of coal. Age of coal plants. See Age of Acrogens, under Acrogen. -- Anthracite or Glance coal. See Anthracite. -- Bituminous coal. See under Bituminous. -- Blind coal. See under Blind. -- Brown coal, or Lignite. See Lignite. -- Caking coal, a bituminous coal, which softens and becomes pasty or semi-viscid when heated. On increasing the heat, the volatile products are driven off, and a coherent, grayish black, cellular mass of coke is left. -- Cannel coal, a very compact bituminous coal, of fine texture and dull luster. See Cannel coal. -- Coal bed (Geol.), a layer or stratum of mineral coal. -- Coal breaker, a structure including machines and machinery adapted for crushing, cleansing, and assorting coal. -- Coal field (Geol.), a region in which deposits of coal occur. Such regions have often a basinlike structure, and are hence called coal basins. See Basin. -- Coal gas, a variety of carbureted hydrogen, procured from bituminous coal, used in lighting streets, houses, etc., and for cooking and heating. -- Coal heaver, a man employed in carrying coal, and esp. in putting it in, and discharging it from, ships. -- Coal measures. (Geol.) (a) Strata of coal with the attendant rocks. (b) A subdivision of the carboniferous formation, between the millstone grit below and the Permian formation above, and including nearly all the workable coal beds of the world. -- Coal oil, a general name for mineral oils; petroleum. -- Coal plant (Geol.), one of the remains or impressions of plants found in the strata of the coal formation. -- Coal tar. See in the Vocabulary. -- To haul over the coals, to call to account; to scold or censure. [Colloq.] -- Wood coal. See Lignite.
COAL Coal, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coaled; p. pr. & vb. n. Coaling.]
1. To burn to charcoal; to char. [R.] Charcoal of roots, coaled into great pieces. Bacon.
2. To mark or delineate with charcoal. Camden.
3. To supply with coal; as, to coal a steamer.
COAL Coal, v. i.
Defn: To take in coal; as, the steaer coaled at Southampton.
COAL-BLACK Coal"-black, a.
Defn: As black as coal; jet black; very black. Dryden.
COALERY Coal"er*y, n. [Obs.]
Defn: See Colliery.
COALESCE Co`a*lesce", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Coalesced; p. pr. & vb. n. Coalescing.] Etym: [L. coalescere, coalitium; co- + alescere to grow up, incho. fr. alere to nourish. See Aliment, n.]
1. To grow together; to unite by growth into one body; as, the parts separated by a wound coalesce.
2. To unite in one body or product; to combine into one body or community; as, vapors coalesce. The Jews were incapable of coalescing with other nations. Campbell. Certain combinations of ideas that, once coalescing, could not be shaken loose. De Quincey.
Syn. -- See Add.
COALESCENCE Co`a*les"cence, n.
Defn: The act or state of growing together, as similar parts; the act of uniting by natural affinity or attraction; the state of being united; union; concretion.
COALESCENT Co`a*les"cent, a. Etym: [L. coalescens, p. pr.]
Defn: Growing together; cohering, as in the organic cohesion of similar parts; uniting.
COALFISH Coal"fish`, n. Etym: [Named from the dark color of the back.] (Zoöl.) (a) The pollock; -- called also, coalsey, colemie, colmey, coal whiting, etc. See Pollock. (b) The beshow or candlefish of Alaska. (c) The cobia.
COALGOOSE Coal"goose`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The cormorant; -- so called from its black color.
COALITE Co"a*lite, v. i. Etym: [L. coalitus, p. p. of coalescere. See Coalesce.]
Defn: To unite or coalesce. [Obs.] Let them continue to coalite. Bolingbroke.
COALITE Co"a*lite, v. t.
Defn: To cause to unite or coalesce. [Obs.] Time has by degrees blended . . . and coalited the conquered with the conquerors. Burke.
COALITION Co`a*li"tion, n. Etym: [LL. coalitio: cf. F. coalition. See Coalesce.]
1. The act of coalescing; union into a body or mass, as of separate bodies or parts; as, a coalition of atoms. Bentley.
2. A combination, for temporary purposes, of persons, parties, or states, having different interests. A coalition of the puritan and the blackleg. J. Randolph. The coalition between the religious and worldly enemies of popery. Macaulay.
Syn. -- Alliance; confederation; confederacy; league; combination; conjunction; conspiracy; union.
COALITIONER Co`a*li"tion*er, n.
Defn: A coalitionist.
COALITIONIST Co`a*li"tion*ist, n.
Defn: One who joins or promotes a coalition; one who advocates coalition.
CO-ALLY Co`-al*ly", n.; pl. Co-allies.
Defn: A joint ally. Kent.
COAL-METER Coal"-me`ter, n.
Defn: A licensed or official coal measurer in London. See Meter. Simmonds.
COALMOUSE Coal"mouse`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A small species of titmouse, with a black head; the coletit.
COALPIT Coal"pit`, n.
1. A pit where coal is dug.
2. A place where charcoal is made. [U. S.]
COALSACK Coal"sack`, n. [Coal + 2d sack.] (Astron.)
Defn: Any one of the spaces in the Milky Way which are very black, owing to the nearly complete absence of stars; esp., the large space near the Southern Cross sometimes called the Black Magellanic Cloud.
COAL TAR Coal" tar`.
Defn: A thick, black, tarry liquid, obtained by the distillation of bituminous coal in the manufacture of illuminating gas; used for making printer's ink, black varnish, etc. It is a complex mixture from which many substances have been obtained, especially hydrocarbons of the benzene or aromatic series.
Note: Among its important ingredients are benzene, aniline, phenol, naphtalene, anthracene, etc., which are respectively typical of many dye stuffs, as the aniline dyes, the phthaleïns, indigo, alizarin, and many flavoring extracts whose artificial production is a matter of great commercial importance.
COAL-WHIPPER Coal"-whip`per, n.
Defn: One who raises coal out of the hold of a ship. [Eng.] Dickens.
COAL WORKS Coal" works.
Defn: A place where coal is dug, including the machinery for raising the coal.
COALY Coal"y, a. Etym: [From Coal, n.]
Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, coal; containing coal; of the nature of coal.
COAMINGS Coam"ings, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. Comb a crest.] (Naut.)
Defn: Raised pieces of wood of iron around a hatchway, skylight, or other opening in the deck, to prevent water from running bellow; esp. the fore-and-aft pieces of a hatchway frame as distinguished from the transverse head ledges. [Written also combings.]
COANNEX Co`an*nex", v. t.
Defn: To annex with something else.
COAPTATION Co`ap*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. coaptatio, fr. coaptare to fit together; co- + aptare. See Aptate.]
Defn: The adaptation or adjustment of parts to each other, as of a broken bone or dislocated joint.
COARCT; COARCTATE Co*arct", Co*arc"tate, v. t. Etym: [See Coarctate, a.]
1. To press together; to crowd; to straiten; to confine closely. [Obs.] Bacon.
2. To restrain; to confine. [Obs.] Ayliffe.
COARCTATE Co*arc"tate, a. Etym: [L. coarctatus, p. p. of coarctare to press together; co- + arctare to press together, from arctus, p. p. See Arctation.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Pressed together; closely connected; -- applied to insects having the abdomen separated from the thorax only by a constriction. Coarctate pupa (Zoöl.), a pupa closely covered by the old larval skin, as in most Diptera.
COARCTATION Co`arc*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. coarctatio.]
1. Confinement to a narrow space. [Obs.] Bacon.
2. Pressure; that which presses. [Obs.] Ray.
3. (Med.)
Defn: A stricture or narrowing, as of a canal, cavity, or orifice.
COARSE Coarse, a. [Compar. Coarser; superl. Coarsest.] Etym: [As this word was anciently written course, or cours, it may be an abbreviation of of course, in the common manner of proceeding, common, and hence, homely, made for common domestic use, plain, rude, rough, gross, e. g., "Though the threads be course." Gascoigne. See Course.]
1. Large in bulk, or composed of large parts or particles; of inferior quality or appearance; not fine in material or close in texture; gross; thick; rough; -- opposed to fine; as, coarse sand; coarse thread; coarse cloth; coarse bread.
2. Not refined; rough; rude; unpolished; gross; indelicate; as, coarse manners; coarse language. I feel Of what coarse metal ye are molded. Shak. To copy, in my coarse English, his beautiful expressions. Dryden.
Syn. -- Large; thick; rough; gross; blunt; uncouth; unpolished; inelegant; indelicate; vulgar.
COARSE-GRAINED Coarse"-grained`, a.
Defn: Having a coarse grain or texture, as wood; hence, wanting in refinement.
COARSELY Coarse"ly, adv.
Defn: In a coarse manner; roughly; rudely; inelegantly; uncivilly; meanly.
COARSEN Coars"en, v. t.
Defn: To make coarse or vulgar; as, to coarsen one's character. [R.] Graham.
COARSENESS Coarse"ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being coarse; roughness; melegance; vulgarity; grossness; as, coarseness of food, texture, manners, or language. "The coarseness of the sackcloth." Dr. H. More. Pardon the coarseness of the illustration. L'Estrange. A coarseness and vulgarity in all the proceedings. Burke.
COARTICULATION Co`ar*tic`u*la"tion, n. (Anat.)
Defn: The unoin or articulation of bones to form a joint.
CO-ASSESSOR Co`-as*sess"or, n.
Defn: A joint assessor.
COAST Coast, n. Etym: [OF. coste, F. côte, rib, hill, shore, coast, L. costa rib, side. Cf. Accost, v. t., Cutlet.]
1. The side of a thing. [Obs.] Sir I. Newton.
2. The exterior line, limit, or border of a country; frontier border. [Obs.] From the river, the river Euphrates, even to the uttermost sea, shall your coast be. Deut. xi. 24.
3. The seashore, or land near it. He sees in English ships the Holland coast. Dryden. We the Arabian coast do know At distance, when the species blow. Waller. The coast is clear, the danger is over; no enemy in sight. Dryden. Fig.: There are no obstacles. "Seeing that the coast was clear, Zelmane dismissed Musidorus." Sir P. Sidney. Coast guard. (a) A body of men originally employed along the coast to prevent smuggling; now, under the control of the admiralty, drilled as a naval reserve. [Eng.] (b) The force employed in lifesaving stations along the seacoast. [U. S.] -- Coast rat (Zoöl.), a South African mammal (Bathyergus suillus), about the size of a rabbit, remarkable for its extensive burrows; -- called also sand mole. -- Coast waiter, a customhouse officer who superintends the landing or shipping of goods for the coast trade. [Eng.]
COAST Coast, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Coasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Coasting.] Etym: [OE. costien, costeien, costen, OF. costier, costoier, F. côtoyer, fr. Of. coste coast, F. côte. See Coast, n.]
1. To draw or keep near; to approach. [Obs.] Anon she hears them chant it lustily, And all in haste she coasteth to the cry. Shak.
2. To sail by or near the shore. The ancients coasted only in their navigation. Arbuthnot.
3. To sail from port to port in the same country.
4. Etym: [Cf. OF. coste, F. côte, hill, hillside.]
Defn: To slide down hill; to slide on a sled, upon snow or ice. [Local, U. S.]
COAST Coast, v. t.
1. To draw near to; to approach; to keep near, or by the side of. [Obs.] Hakluyt.
2. To sail by or near; to follow the coast line of. Nearchus, . . . not knowing the compass, was fain to coast that shore. Sir T. Browne.
3. To conduct along a coast or river bank. [Obs.] The Indians . . . coasted me along the river. Hakluyt.
COASTAL Coast"al, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a cast.
COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Defn: A bureau of the United States government charged with the topographic and hydrographic survey of the coast and the execution of belts of primary triangulation and lines of precise leveling in the interior. It now belongs to the Department of Commerce and Labor.
COASTER Coast"er, n.
1. A vessel employed in sailing along a coast, or engaged in the coasting trade.
2. One who sails near the shore.
COASTING Coast"ing, a.
Defn: Sailing along or near a coast, or running between ports along a coast. Coasting trade, trade carried on by water between neighboring ports of the same country, as distinguished fron foreign trade or trade involving long voyages. -- Coasting vessel, a vessel employed in coasting; a coaster.
COASTING Coast"ing, n.
1. A sailing along a coast, or from port to port; a carrying on a coasting trade.
2. Sliding down hill; sliding on a sled upon snow or ice. [Local, U. S.]
COASTWISE; COASTWAYS Coast"wise`, Coast"ways`, adv.
Defn: By way of, or along, the coast.
COAT Coat (; 110), n. Etym: [OF. cote, F. cotte, petticoat, cotte d'armes coat of arms, cotte de mailles coat of mail, LL. cota, cotta, tunic, prob. of German origin; cf. OHG. chozzo coarse mantle, G. klotze, D. kot, hut, E. cot. Cf. Cot a hut.]
1. An outer garment fitting the upper part of the body; especially, such a garment worn by men. Let each His adamantine coat gird well. Milton.
2. A petticoat. [Obs.] "A child in coats." Locke.
3. The habit or vesture of an order of men, indicating the order or office; cloth. Men of his coat should be minding their prayers. Swift. She was sought by spirits of richest coat. Shak.
4. An external covering like a garment, as fur, skin, wool, husk, or bark; as, the horses coats were sleek. Fruit of all kinds, in coat Rough or smooth rined, or bearded husk, or shell. Milton.
5. A layer of any substance covering another; a cover; a tegument; as, the coats of the eye; the coats of an onion; a coat of tar or varnish.
6. Same as Coat of arms. See below. Hark, countrymen! either renew the fight, Or tear the lions out of England's coat. Shak.
7. A coat card. See below. [Obs.] Here's a trick of discarded cards of us! We were ranked with coats as long as old master lived. Massinger. Coat armor. See under Armor. -- Coat of arms (Her.), a translation of the French cotte d'armes, a garment of light material worn over the armor in the 15th and 16th centuries. This was often charged with the heraldic bearings of the wearer. Hence, an heraldic achievement; the bearings of any person, taken together. -- Coat card, a card bearing a coated figure; the king, queen, or knave of playing cards. "`I am a coat card indeed.' `Then thou must needs be a knave, for thou art neither king nor queen.'" Rowley. -- Coat link, a pair of buttons or studs joined by a link, to hold together the lappels of a double-breasted coat; or a button with a loop for a single-breasted coat. -- Coat of mail, a defensive garment of chain mail. See Chain mail, under Chain. -- Mast coat (Naut.), a piece of canvas nailed around a mast, where it passes through the deck, to prevent water from getting below. -- Sail coat (Naut.), a canvas cover laced over furled sails, and the like, to keep them dry and clean.
COAT Coat, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coated; p. pr. & vb. n. Coating.]
1. To cover with a coat or outer garment.
2. To cover with a layer of any substance; as, to coat a jar with tin foil; to coat a ceiling.
COATEE Coat*ee", n.
Defn: A coat with short flaps.
COATI Co*a"ti ( or , n. Etym: [From the native name: cf. F. coati.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A mammal of tropical America of the genus Nasua, allied to the raccoon, but with a longer body, tail, and nose.
Note: The red coati (N. socialis), called also coati mondi, inhabits Mexico and Central America. The brown coati (N. narica) is found in Surinam and Brazil.
COATING Coat"ing, n.
1. A coat or covering; a layer of any substance, as a cover or protection; as, the coating of a retort or vial.
2. Cloth for coats; as, an assortment of coatings.
COATLESS Coat"less, a.
Defn: Not wearing a coat; also, not possessing a coat.
COAX Coax (; 110), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coaxed; p. pr. & vb. n. Coaxing.] Etym: [Cf. OE. cokes fool, a person easily imposed upon, W. coeg empty, foolish; F. coquin knave, rogue.]
Defn: To persuade by gentle, insinuating courtesy, flattering, or fondling; to wheedle; to soothe.
Syn. -- To wheedle; cajole; flatter; persuade; entice.
COAX Coax, n.
Defn: A simpleton; a dupe. [Obs.] Beau & Fl.
COAXATION Co`ax*a"tion, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: The act of croaking. [R] Dr. H. More.
COAXER Coax"er, n.
Defn: One who coaxes.
COAXINGLY Coax"ing*ly, adv.
Defn: In a coaxing manner; by coaxing.
COB Cob, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. cop, copp, head, top, D. kop, G. kopf, kuppe, LL. cuppa cup (cf. E. brainpan), and also W. cob tuft, spider, cop, copa, top, summit, cobio to thump. Cf. Cop top, Cup, n.]
1. The top or head of anything. [Obs.] W. Gifford.
2. A leader or chief; a conspicuous person, esp. a rich covetous person. [Obs.] All cobbing country chuffs, which make their bellies and their bags their god, are called rich cobs. Nash.
3. The axis on which the kernels of maize or indian corn grow. [U. S.]
4. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A spider; perhaps from its shape; it being round like a head.
5. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A young herring. B. Jonson.
6. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A fish; -- also called miller's thumb.
7. A short-legged and stout horse, esp. one used for the saddle. [Eng.]
8. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A sea mew or gull; esp., the black-backed gull (Larus marinus). [Written also cobb.]
9. A lump or piece of anything, usually of a somewhat large size, as of coal, or stone.
10. A cobnut; as, Kentish cobs. See Cobnut. [Eng.]
11. Clay mixed with straw. [Prov. Eng.] The poor cottager contenteth himself with cob for his walls, and thatch for his covering. R. Carew.
12. A punishment consisting of blows inflicted on the buttocks with a strap or a flat piece of wood. Wright.
13. A Spanish coin formerly current in Ireland, worth abiut 4s. 6d. [Obs.] Wright. Cob coal, coal in rounded lumps from the size of an egg to that of a football; -- called also cobbles. Grose. -- Cob loaf, a crusty, uneven loaf, rounded at top. Wright. -- Cob money, a kind of rudely coined gold and silver money of Spanish South America in the eighteenth century. The coins were of the weight of the piece of eight, or one of its aliquot parts.
COB Cob, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cobbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Cobbing.]
1. To strike [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
2. (Mining)
Defn: To break into small pieces, as ore, so as to sort out its better portions. Raymond.
3. (Naut.)
Defn: To punish by striking on the buttocks with a strap, a flat piece of wood, or the like.
COBAEA Co*bæ"a, n. Etym: [Named after D. Cobo, a Spanish botanist.]
Defn: A genus of climbing plants, native of Mexico and South America. C. scandens is a consrvatory climber with large bell-shaped flowers.
COBALT Co"balt (; 277, 74), n. Etym: [G. kobalt, prob. fr. kobold, kobel, goblin, MHG. kobolt; perh. akin to G. koben pigsty, hut, AS. cofa room, cofgodas household gods, Icel. kofi hut. If so, the ending -old stands for older -walt, -wald, being the same as -ald in E. herald and the word would mean ruler or governor in a house, house spirit, the metal being so called by miners, because it was poisonous and troublesome. Cf. Kobold, Cove, Goblin.]
1. (Chem.)
Defn: A tough, lustrous, reddish white metal of the iron group, not easily fusible, and somewhat magnetic. Atomic weight 59.1. Symbol Co.
Note: It occurs in nature in combination with arsenic, sulphur, and oxygen, and is obtained from its ores, smaltite, cobaltite, asbolite, etc. Its oxide colors glass or any flux, as borax, a fine blue, and is used in the manufacture of smalt. It is frequently associated with nickel, and both are characteristic ingredients of meteoric iron.
2. A commercial name of a crude arsenic used as fly poison. Cobalt bloom. Same as Erythrite. -- Cobalt blue, a dark blue pigment consisting of some salt of cobalt, as the phosphate, ignited with alumina; -- called also cobalt ultramarine, and Thenard's blue. -- Cobalt crust, earthy arseniate of cobalt. -- Cobalt glance. (Min.) See Cobaltite. -- Cobalt green, a pigment consisting essentially of the oxides of cobalt and zinc; -- called also Rinman's green. -- Cobalt yellow (Chem.), a yellow crystalline powder, regarded as a double nitrite of cobalt and potassium.
COBALTIC Co*balt"ic (; 74), a. Etym: [Cf. F. cobaltique.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, cobalt; -- said especially of those compounds in which cobalt has higher valence; as, cobaltic oxide. Luteo-cobaltic compounds (Chem.), an extensive series of complex yellow compounds of ammonia and cobaltic salts. -- Roseo-cobaltic compounds (Chem.), an extensive series of complex red compounds of cobalt and ammonia. Modifications of these are the purpureo-cobaltic compounds.
COBALTIFEROUS Co`balt*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Cobalt + -ferous.] (Min.)
Defn: Containing cobalt.
COBALTINE; COBALTITE Co"balt*ine, Co"balt*ite n. (Min.)
Defn: A mineral of a nearly silver-white color, composed of arsenic, sulphur, and cobalt.
COBALTOUS Co*balt"ous, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, cobalt; -- said esp. of cobalt compounds in which the metal has its lower valence. Cobaltous chloride, a crystalline compound, CoCl2, of a pale rose color when hydrous, blue when dehydrated. Its solution is used for a sympathetic ink, the writing being nearly colorless when dried in the air, owing to absorbed moisture, and becoming bright blue when warmed.
COBBING Cob"bing, a.
Defn: Haughty; purse-proud. See Cob, n., 2. [Obs.] Withals (1608).
COBBLE Cob"ble, n.
Defn: A fishing boat. See Coble.
COBBLE Cob"ble, n. Etym: [From Cob a lump. See Cob, n., 9, and cf. Copple, Copplestone.]
1. A cobblestone. "Their slings held cobbles round." Fairfax.
2. pl.
Defn: Cob coal. See under Cob.
COBBLE Cob"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cobbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Cobbling.] Etym: [OF. cobler, copler, to join or knit together, couple, F. coupler, L. copulare to couple, join. Cf. Couple, n. & v. t.]
1. To make or mend coarsely; to patch; to botch; as, to cobble shoes. Shak. "A cobbled saddle." Thackeray.
2. To make clumsily. "Cobbled rhymes." Dryden.
3. To pave with cobblestones.
COBBLER Cob"bler, n.
1. A mender of shoes. Addison.
2. A clumsy workman. Shak.
3. A beverage. See Sherry cobbler, under Sherry. Cobbler fish (Zoöl.), a marine fish (Blepharis crinitus) of the Atlantic. The name alludes to its threadlike fin rays.
COBBLESTONE Cob"ble*stone`, n.
Defn: A large pebble; a rounded stone not too large to be handled; a small boulder; -- used for paving streets and for other purposes.
COBBY Cob"by, a. Etym: [From Cob, n.]
1. Headstrong; obstinate. [Obs.] Brockett.
2. Stout; hearty; lively. [Obs.]
COBELLIGERENT Co`bel*lig"er*ent, a.
Defn: Carryng on war in conjunction with another power.
COBELLIGERENT Co`bel*lig"er*ent, n.
Defn: A nation or state that carries on war in connection with another.
COBIA Co"bi*a, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: An oceanic fish of large size (Elacate canada); the crabeater; -- called also bonito, cubbyyew, coalfish, and sergeant fish.
COBIRON Cob"i`ron, n. Etym: [From Cob the top.]
Defn: An andiron with a knob at the top. Bacon.
COBISHOP Co`bish"op, n.
Defn: A joint or coadjutant bishop. Ayliffe.
COBLE Co"ble, n. Etym: [AS. cuopel; cf. W. ceubal skiff, ferryboat.]
Defn: A flat-floored fishing boat with a lug sail, and a drop rudder extending from two to four feet below the keel. It was originally used on the stormy coast of Yorkshire, England.
COBNUT Cob"nut`, n.
1. (Com.)
Defn: A large roundish variety of the cultivated hazelnut.
2. A game played by children with nuts.
COBOOSE Co*boose", n.
Defn: See Caboose.
COBOURG Co"bourg, n. Etym: [Named from the town of Coburg in Germany.]
Defn: A thin worsted fabric for women's dresses.
COBRA Co"bra, n.
Defn: See Copra.
COBRA Co"bra, n.
Defn: The cobra de capello.
COBRA DE CAPELLO Co"bra de ca*pel"lo. Etym: [Pg., serpent of the hood.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The hooded snake (Naia tripudians), a highly venomous serpent inhabiting India.
COBSTONE Cob"stone`, n.
Defn: Cobblestone. [Prov. Eng.]
COBSWAN Cob"swan`, n.
Defn: A large swan. B. Jonson.
COBWALL Cob"wall`, n. Etym: [Cob clay mixed with straw + wall.]
Defn: A wall made of clay mixed with straw.
COBWEB Cob"web`, n. Etym: [Cob a spider + web.]
1. The network spread by a spider to catch its prey.
2. A snare of insidious meshes designed to catch the ignorant and unwary. I can not but lament thy splendid wit Entangled in the cobwebs of the schools. Cowper.
3. That which is thin and unsubstantial, or flimsy and worthless; rubbish. The dust and cobwebs of that uncivil age. Sir P. Sidney.
4. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The European spotted flycatcher. Cobweb lawn, a fine linen, mentioned in 1640 as being in pieces of fifteen yards. Beck. Draper's Dict. Such a proud piece of cobweb lawn. Beau. & Fl. Cobweb micrometer, a micrometer in which threads of cobwed are substituted for wires.
COBWEBBED Cob"webbed`, a.
Defn: Abounding in cobwebs. "The cobwebbed cottage." Young.
COBWEBBY Cob"web`by, a.
Defn: Abounding in cobwebs, or any fine web; resembling a cobweb.
COBWORK Cob"work`, a.
Defn: Built of logs, etc., laid horizontally, with the ends dovetailed together at the corners, as in a log house; in marine work, often surrounding a central space filled with stones; as, a cobwork dock or breakwater.
COCA Co"ca, n. Etym: [Sp., fr. native name.]
Defn: The dried leaf of a South American shrub (Erythroxylon Coca). In med., called Erythroxylon.
Note: Coca leaves resemble tea leaves in size, shape, and odor, and are chewed (with an alkali) by natives of Peru and Bolivia to impart vigor in prolonged exertion, or to sustain strength in absence of food. Mexican coca, an American herb (Richardsonia scabra), yielding a nutritious fodder. Its roots are used as a substitute for ipecacuanha.
COCAGNE Coc*agne", n. Etym: [F. cocagne, pays de cocagne; of uncertian origin, cf. Prov. F. couque cake, Catal. coca, L. coquere to cook; as if the houses in this country were covered with cakes. Cf. Cook, Cockney.]
1. An imaginary country of idleness and luxury.
2. The land of cockneys; cockneydom; -- a term applied to London and its suburbs. Smart.
COCAINE Co"ca*ine, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A powerful alkaloid, C17H21NO4, obtained from the leaves of coca. It is a bitter, white, crystalline substance, and is remarkable for producing local insensibility to pain.
COCAINISM Co*ca"in*ism, n. (Med.)
Defn: A morbid condition produced by the habitual and excessive use of cocaine. -- Co*ca"in*ist, n.
COCAINIZE Co*ca"in*ize, v. t.
Defn: To treat or anæsthetize with cocaine. -- Co*ca`in*i*za"tion (#), n.
COCCIFEROUS Coc*cif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. coccum a berry + -ferous. See Coccus.]
Defn: Bearing or producing berries; bacciferous; as, cocciferrous trees or plants.
COCCINELLA Coc`ci*nel"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. coccineus scarlet-colored. See Cochoneal.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of small beetles of many species. They and their larvæ feed on aphids or plant lice, and hence are of great benefit to man. Also called ladybirds and ladybugs.
COCCOBACTERIUM Coc`co*bac*te"ri*um, n.; pl. Coccobacteria. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. bacterium. So called from its round shape.] (Biol.)
Defn: One of the round variety of bacteria, a vegetable organism, generally less than a thousandth of a millimeter in diameter.
COCCOLITE Coc"co*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite: cf. F. coccalite.] (Min.)
Defn: A granular variety of pyroxene, green or white in color.
COCCOLITH Coc"co*lith, n. Etym: [Gr. -lith.] (Biol.)
Defn: One of a kind of minute, calcareous bodies, probably vegetable, often abundant in deep-sea mud.
COCCOSPHERE Coc"co*sphere, n. Etym: [Gr. sphere.] (Biol.)
Defn: A small, rounded, marine organism, capable of braking up into coccoliths.
COCCOSTEUS Coc*cos"te*us, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Paleon.)
Defn: An extinct genus of Devonian ganoid fishes, having the broad plates about the head studded with berrylike tubercles.
COCCULUS INDICUS Coc"cu*lus In"di*cus, n. Etym: [NL. cocculus (dim. of L. coccum kermes berry) + L. Indicus of India.] (Bot.)
Defn: The fruit or berry of the Anamirta Cocculus, a climbing plant of the East Indies. It is a poisonous narcotic and stimulant.
COCCUS Coc"cus, n.; pl. Cocci. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Cochineal.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: One of the separable carpels of a dry fruit.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of hemipterous insects, including scale insects, and the cochineal insect (Coccus cacti).
3. (Biol.)
Defn: A form of bacteria, shaped like a globule.
COCCYGEAL Coc*cyg"e*al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the coccyx; as, the coccygeal vertebræ. Coccygeal glands (Zoöl.) , glands situated at the base of the tail of birds. They secrete the oil with which the plumage is dressed.
COCCYGEOUS Coc*cyg"e*ous, a.
Defn: Coccygeal. [R.]
COCCYX Coc"cyx, n.; pl. L. Coccyges. Etym: [L., cuckoo, Gr. (Anat.)
Defn: The end of the vertebral column beyond the sacrum in man and tailless monkeys. It is composed of several vertebræ more or less consolidated.
COCHINEAL Coch"i*neal, Etym: [Sp. cochinilla, dim. from L. coccineus, coccinus, scarlet, fr. coccum the kermes berry, G. Quercus coccifera; but cf. also Sp. cochinilla wood louse, dim. of cochina sow, akin to F. cochon pig.]
Defn: A dyestuff consisting of the dried bodies of females of the Coccus cacti, an insect native in Mexico, Central America, etc., and found on several species of cactus, esp. Opuntia cochinellifera.
Note: These insects are gathered from the plant, killed by the application of heat, and exposed to the sun to dry. When dried they resemble small, rough berries or seeds, of a brown or purple color, and form the cochineal of the shops, which is used for making carmine, and also as a red dye.
Note: Cochineal contains as its essential coloring matter carminic acid, a purple red amorphous substance which yields carmine red.
COCHINEAL FIG Coch"i*neal fig, (Bot.)
Defn: A plant of Central and Southern Anerica, of the Cactus familly, extensively cultivated for the sake of the cochineal insect, which lives on it.
COCHIN FOWL Co"chin fowl`, (Zoöl.)
Defn: A large variety of the domestic fowl, originally from Cochin China (Anam).
COCHLEA Coch"le*a, n. Etym: [L., a snail, or snail shell, Gr. (Anat.)
Defn: An appendage of the labyrinth of the internal ear, which is elongated and coiled into a spiral in mammals. See Ear.
COCHLEAR Coch"le*ar, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the cochlea.
COCHLEARE Coch`le*a"re, n. Etym: [L.]
1. A spoon. Andrews.
2. (Med)
Defn: A spoonful. Dungleson.
COCHLEARIFORM Coch`le*ar"i*form, a. Etym: [Cochleare + -form.]
Defn: Spoon-shaped.
COCHLEARY Coch"le*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. cochlearum penfor snails (meaning formerly given, snail shell). See Cjchlea.]
Defn: Same as Cochleate.
COCHLEATE; COCHLEATED Coch"le*ate, Coch"le*a`ted, a. Etym: [L. cochleatus spiral or screw- formed. See Cochlea.]
Defn: Having the form of a snail shell; spiral; turbinated.
COCK Cock, n. Etym: [AS. coc; of unkown origin, perh. in imitation of the cry of the cock. Cf. Chicken.]
1. The male of birds, particulary of gallinaceous or domestic fowls.
2. A vane in the shape of a cock; a weathercock. Drenched our steeples, drowned the cocks! Shak.
3. A chief man; a leader or master. [Humorous] Sir Andrew is the cock of the club, since he left us. Addison.
4. The crow of a cock, esp. the first crow in the morning; cockcrow. [Obs.] He begins at curfew, and walks till the first cock. Shak.
5. A faucet or valve.
Note: Jonsons says, "The handly probably had a cock on the top; things that were contrived to turn seem anciently to have had that form, whatever was the reason." Skinner says, because it used to be constructed in forma critæ galli, i.e., in the form of a cock's comb.
6. The style of gnomon of a dial. Chambers.
7. The indicator of a balance. Johnson.
8. The bridge piece which affords a bearing for the pivot of a balance in a clock or watch. Knight. Ball cock. See under Ball. -- Chaparral cock. See under Chaparral. -- Cock and bull story, an extravagant, boastful story; a canard. -- Cock of the plains (Zoöl.) See Sage cock. -- Cock of the rock (Zoöl.), a South American bird (Rupicola aurantia) having a beautiful crest. -- Cock of the walk, a chief or master; the hero of the hour; one who has overcrowed, or got the better of, rivals or competitors. -- Cock of the woods. See Capercailzie.
COCK Cock, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cocked; p. pr. & vb. n. Cocking.] Etym: [Cf. Gael. coc to cock.]
1. To set erect; to turn up. Our Lightfoot barks, and cocks his ears. Gay. Dick would cock his nose in scorn. Swift.
2. To shape, as a hat, by turning up the brim.
3. To set on one side in a pert or jaunty manner. They cocked their hats in each other's faces. Macaulay.
4. To turn (the eye) obliquely and partially close its lid, as an expression of derision or insinuation. Cocked hat. (a) A hat with large, stiff flaps turned up to a peaked crown, thus making its form triangular; -- called also three-cornered hat. (b) A game similar to ninepins, except that only three pins are used, which are set up at the angles of a triangle.
COCK Cock, v. i.
Defn: To strut; to swagger; to look big, pert, or menacing. Addison.
COCK Cock, n.
Defn: The act of cocking; also, the turn so given; as, a cock of the eyes; to give a hat a saucy cock.
COCK Cock, n. Etym: [It. cocca notch of an arrow.]
1. The notch of an arrow or crossbow.
2. The hammer in the lock of a firearm. At cock, At full cock, with the hammer raised and ready to fire; -- said of firearms, also, jocularly, of one prepared for instant action. -- At half cock. See under Half. -- Cock feather (Archery), the feather of an arrow at right angles to the direction of the cock or notch. Nares.
COCK Cock, v. t.
Defn: To draw the hammer of (a firearm) fully back and set it for firing.
COCK Cock, v. i.
Defn: To draw back the hammer of a firearm, and set it for firing. Cocked, fired, and missed his man. Byron.
COCK Cock, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. kökkr lump, Dan. kok heap, or E. cock to set erect.]
Defn: A small concial pile of hay.
COCK Cock, v. t.
Defn: To put into cocks or heaps, as hay. Under the cocked hay. Spenser.
COCK Cock, n. Etym: [Of. coque, F. coche, a small vessel, L. concha muscle shell, a vessel. See Coach, and cf.Cog
Defn: A small boat. Yond tall anchoring bark [appears] Diminished to her cock; her cock, a buoy Almost too small for sight. Shak.
COCK Cock, n.
Defn: A corruption or disguise of the word God, used in oaths. [Obs.] "By cock and pie." Shak.
COCKADE Cock*ade", n. Etym: [F. cocarble, fr. coquard vain, OF. coquart, fr. coq cock, prob. of imitative origin. The ornament is so named from its resemblance to the crest of a cock. Cf. Coquette.]
Defn: A badge, usually in the form of a rosette, or knot, and generally worn upon the hat; -- used as an indication of military or naval service, or party allegiance, and in England as a part of the livery to indicate that the wearer is the servant of a military or naval officer. Seduced by military liveries and cockades. Burke.
COCKADED Cock*ad"ed, a.
Defn: Wearing a cockade. Young.
COCK-A-HOOP Cock`-a-hoop", a.
Defn: Boastful; defiant; exulting. Also used adverbially.
COCKAL Cock"al, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]
1. A game played with sheep's bones instead of dice [Obs.]
2. The bone used in playing the game; -- called also huckle bone. [Obs.] Nares. A little transverse bone Which boys and bruckeled children call (Playing for points and pins) cockal. Herrick.
COCKALEEKIE Cock`a*leek"ie, n. Etym: [From cock + leek.]
Defn: A favorite soup in Scotland, made from a capon highly seasoned, and boiled with leeks and prunes.
COCKAMAROO Cock`a*ma*roo", n.
Defn: The Russian variety of bagatelle.
COCKATEEL Cock"a*teel, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: An Australian parrot (Calopsitta Novæ-Hollandiæ); -- so called from its note.
COCKATOO Cock`a*too, n. Etym: [Malayan kakatua.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A bird of the Parrot family, of the subfamily Cacatuinæ, having a short, strong, and much curved beak, and the head ornamented with a crest, which can be raised or depressed at will. There are several genera and many species; as the broad-crested (Plictolophus, or Cacatua, cristatus), the sulphur-crested (P. galeritus), etc. The palm or great black cockatoo of Australia is Microglossus aterrimus. Cock"a*trice, n. Etym: [OF. cocatrice crocodile, F. cocatrix, cocatrice. The word is a corruption from the same source as E. crocodile, but was confused with cock the bird, F. coq, whence arose the fable that the animal was produced from a cock's egg. See Crocodile.]
1. A fabulous serpent whose breath and look were said to be fatal. See Basilisk. That bare vowel, I, shall poison more Than the death-darting eye of cockatrice. Shak.
2. (Her.)
Defn: A representation of this serpent. It has the head, wings, and legs of a bird, and tail of a serpent.
3. (Script.)
Defn: A venomous serpent which which cannot now be identified. The weaned child shall put his hand on the cockatrice's
Note: [Rev. Ver. basilisk's] den. Is. xi. 8.
4. Any venomous or deadly thing. This little cockatrice of a king. Bacon.
COCKATRICE Cock"a*trice (-tris; 277), n. [OF. cocatrice crocodile, F. cocatrix, cocatrice. The word is a corruption from the same source as E. crocodile, but was confused with cock the bird, F. coq, whence arose the fable that the animal was produced from a cock's egg. See Crocodile.]
1. A fabulous serpent whose breath and look were said to be fatal. See Basilisk.
That bare vowel, I, shall poison more Than the death-darting eye of cockatrice. Shak.
2. (Her.) A representation of this serpent. It has the head, wings, and legs of a bird, and tail of a serpent.
3. (Script.) A venomous serpent which which cannot now be identified.
The weaned child shall put his hand on the cockatrice's [Rev. Ver. basilisk's] den. Is. xi. 8.
4. Any venomous or deadly thing.
This little cockatrice of a king. Bacon.
COCKBILL Cock"bill, v. t. Etym: [See Cock to set erect.] (Naut.)
Defn: To tilt up one end of so as to make almost vertical; as, to cockbill the yards as a sign of mourning. To cockbill the anchor, to suspend it from the cathead preparatory to letting it go. See Acockbill.
COCKBOAT Cock"boat`, n. Etym: [See Cock a boat.]
Defn: A small boat, esp. one used on rivers or near the shore.
COCK-BRAINED Cock"-brained`, a.
Defn: Giddy; rash. Milton.
COCKCHAFER Cock"chaf`er, n. Etym: [See Chafer the beetle.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A beetle of the genus Melolontha (esp. M. vulgaris) and allied genera; -- called also May bug, chafer, or dorbeetle.
COCKCROW; COCKCROWING Cock"crow, Cock"crow`ing, n.
Defn: The time at which cooks first crow; the early morning.
COCKER Cock"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cockered; p. pr. & vb. n. Cockering.] Etym: [OE. cokeren; cf. W. cocru to indulge, fondle, E. cock the bird, F. coqueliner to dandle (Cotgrave), to imitate the crow of a cock, to run after the girls, and E. cockle, v.]
Defn: Th treat with too great tenderness; to fondle; to indulge; to pamper. Cocker thy child and he shall make thee afraid. Ecclesiasticus xxx. 9. Poor folks cannot afford to cocker themselves up. J. Ingelow.
COCKER Cock"er, n. Etym: [From Cock the bird.]
1. One given to cockfighting. [Obs.] Steele.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A small dog of the spaniel kind, used for starting up woodcocks, etc.
COCKER Cock"er, n. Etym: [OE. coker qyiver, boot, AS. cocer quiver; akin to G. köcher quiver, and perh. originally meaning receptacle, holder. Cf. Quiver (for arrows).]
Defn: A rustic high shoe or half-boots. [Obs.] Drayton.
COCKEREL Cock"er*el, n. Etym: [Prob. a double dim. of cock.]
Defn: A young cock.
COCKER SPANIEL Cock"er span"iel.
Defn: One of a breed of small or medium-sized spaniels kept for hunting or retrieving game or for household pets. They usually weigh from eighteen to twenty-eight pounds. They have the head of fair length, with square muzzle, the ears long and set low, the legs short or of medium length, and the coat fine and silky, wavy but not curly. Various colors are bred, as black, liver, red, black and white, black and tan, etc.
COCKET Cock"et, a. Etym: [F. coquet coquettish. See Coquette, n.]
Defn: Pert; saucy. [Obs.] Halliwell.
COCKET Cock"et, n.
1. (Eng. Law)
Defn: A customhouse seal; a certified document given to a shopper as a warrant that his goods have been duly enstered and have paid duty.
2. An office in a customhouse where goods intended for export are entered. [Eng.]
3. A measure for bread. [Obs.] Blount.
COCKEYE Cock"eye`, n. Etym: [From cock to turn up.]
Defn: A squinting eye. Forby.
COCKEYE Cock"eye`, n. (Mach.)
Defn: The socket in the ball of a millstone, which sits on the cockhead.
COCKFIGHT Cock"fight`, n.
Defn: A match or contest of gamecocks.
COCKFIGHTING Cock"fight`ing, n.
Defn: The act or practice of pitting gamecocks to fight.
COCKFIGHTING Cock"fight`ing, a.
Defn: Addicted to cockfighting.
COCKHEAD Cock"head`, n. (Mach.)
Defn: The rounded or pointed top of a grinding mill spindle, forming a pivot on which the stone is balanced.
COCKHORSE Cock"horse`, n.
1. A child's rocking-horse. Ride a cockhorse to Banbury cross. Mother Goose.
2. A high or tall horse. [R.]
COCKHORSE Cock"horse`, a.
1. Lifted up, as one is on a tall horse.
2. Lofty in feeling; exultant; pround; upstart. Our painted fools and cockhorse peasantry. Marlowe.
COCKIELEEKIE Cock`ie*leek"ie, n.
Defn: Same as Cockaleekie.
COCKING Cock"ing, n.
Defn: Cockfighting. Ben Jonson.
COCKLE Coc"kle, n. Etym: [OE. cockes cockles, AS. s sea cockles, prob, from Celtic; cf. W. cocs cockles, Gael. cochull husk. Perh. influenced by EF. coquille shell, a dim. from the root of E. conch. Cf. Coach.]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A bivalve mollusk, with radiating ribs, of the genus Cardium, especially C. edule, used in Europe for food; -- sometimes applied to similar shells of other genera.
2. A cockleshell.
3. The mineral black tourmaline or schorl; -- so called by the Cornish miners. Raymond.
4. The fire chamber of a furnace. [Eng.] Knight.
5. A hop-drying kiln; an oast. Knight.
6. The dome of a heating furnace. Knight. Cockle hat, a hat ornamented with a cockleshell, the badge of a pilgrim. Shak. -- Cockle stairs, winding or spiral stairs.
COCKLE Coc"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cockled; p. pr. & vb. n. Cockling.] Etym: [Of uncertian origin.]
Defn: To cause to contract into wrinkles or ridges, as some kinds of cloth after a wetting. Cockling sea, waves dashing against each other with a short and quick motion. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
COCKLE Coc"kle, n. Etym: [AS. coccel, cocel; cf. Gael. cogall tares, husks, cockle.] (Bot.) (a) A plant or weed that grows among grain; the corn rose (Luchnis Githage). (b) The Lotium, or darnel.
COCKLEBUR Coc"kle*bur`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: A coarse, composite weed, having a rough or prickly fruit; one of several species of the genus Xanthium; -- called also clotbur.
COCKLED Coc"kled, a.
Defn: Inclosed in a shell. The tender horns of cockled snails. Shak.
COCKLED Coc"kled, a.
Defn: Wrinkled; puckered. Showers soon drench the camlet's cockled grain. Gay.
COCKLER Coc"kler, n.
Defn: One who takes and sells cockles.
COCKLESHELL Coc"kle*shell`, n.
1. One of the shells or valves of a cockle.
2. A light boat. To board the cockleshell in those plunding waters. W. Black.
COCKLOFT Cock"loft` n. Etym: [Prop., a loft where cocks roost.]
Defn: An upper loft; a garret; the highest room in a building. Dryden. Swift.
COCKMASTER Cock"mas`ter, n.
Defn: One who breeds gamecocks. L'Estrange.
COCKMATCH Cock"match`, n.
Defn: A cockfight.
COCKNEY Cock"ney, n.; pl. Cockneys. Etym: [OE. cocknay, cokenay, a spoiled child, effeminate person, an egg; prob. orig. a cock's egg, a small imperfect egg; OE. cok cock + nay, neye, for ey egg (cf. Newt), AS. æg. See 1st Cock, Egg, n.]
1. An effeminate person; a spoilt child. "A young heir or cockney, that is his mother's darling." Nash (1592). This great lubber, the world, will prove a cockney. Shak.
2. A native or resident of the city of London; -- used contemptuosly. A cockney in a rural village was stared at as much as if he had entered a kraal of Hottentots. Macaulay.
COCKNEY Cock"ney, a.
Defn: Of or relating to, or like, cockneys.
COCKNEYDOM Cock"ney*dom, n.
Defn: The region or home of cockneys; cockneys, collectively. Thackeray.
COCKNEYFY Cock"ney*fy, v. t. Etym: [Cockney + -fy.]
Defn: To form with the manners or character of a cockney. [Colloq.]
COCKNEYISH Cock"ney*ish, a.
Defn: Characteristic of, or resembling, cockneys.
COCKNEYISM Cock"ney*ism, n.
Defn: The charasteristics, manners, or dialect, of a cockney.
COCK-PADDLE Cock"-pad`dle, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Lumpfish. [Scot.]
COCK-PADLE Cock"-pad`le, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Lumpfish. [Scot.]
COCKPIT Cock"pit`, n.
1. A pit, or inclosed area, for cockfights. Henry the Eight had built . . . a cockpit. Macaulay.
2. The Privy Council room at Westminster; -- so called because built on the site of the cockpit of Whitehall palace. Brande & C.
3. (Naut.) (a) That part of a war vessel appropriated to the wounded during an engagement. (b) In yachts and other small vessels, a space lower than the rest of the deck, which affords easy access to the cabin.
COCKROACH Cock"roach, n. Etym: [Sp. cucaracha.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: An orthopterus insect of the genus Blatta, and allied genera.
Note: The species are numerous, especially in hot countries. Those most commonly infesting houses in Europe and North America are Blatta orientalis, a large species often called black beetle, and the Croton bug (Ectobia Germanica).
COCKSCOMB Cocks"comb, n. Etym: [1st cock, n. + comb crest.]
1. See Coxcomb.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: A plant (Celosia cristata), of many varieties, cultivated for its broad, fantastic spikes of brilliant flowers; -- sometimes called garden cockscomb. Also the Pedicularis, or lousewort, the Rhinanthus Crista-galli, and the Onobrychis Crista-galli.
COCKSHEAD Cocks"head`, n.
Defn: (Bot.) A leguminous herb (Onobrychis Caput-galli), having small spiny-crested pods.
COCKSHUT Cock"shut`, n.
Defn: A kind of net to catch woodcock. [Obs.] Nares. Cockshut time or light, evening twilight; nightfall; -- so called in allusion to the tome at which the cockshut used to be spread. [Obs.] Shak. B. Jonson.
COCKSHY Cock"shy`, n.
1. A game in which trinkets are set upon sticks, to be thrown at by the players; -- so called from an ancient popular sport which consisted in "shying" or throwing cudgels at live cocks.
2. An object at which stones are flung. "Making a cockshy of him," replied the hideous small boy. Dickens.
COCKSPUR Cock"spur, n. (Bot.)
Defn: A variety of Cratægus, or hawthorn (C. Crus-galli), having long, straight thorns; -- called also Cockspur thorn.
COCKSURE Cock"sure`, a.
1. Perfectly safe. [Obs.] We steal as in a castle, cocksure: . . . we walk invisible. Shak.
2. Quite certain. [Colloq.] I throught myself cocksure of the horse which he readily promised me. Pope.
COCKSWAIN Cock"swain (, colloq. ), n. Etym: [Cock a boat + swain; hence, the master of a boat.]
Defn: The steersman of a boat; a petty officer who has charge of a boat and its crew.
COCKTAIL Cock"tail`, n.
1. A beverage made of brandy, whisky, or gin, iced, flavored, and sweetened. [U. S.]
2. (Stock Breeding)
Defn: A horse, not of pure breed, but having only one eighth or one sixteenth impure blood in his veins. Darwin.
3. A mean, half-hearted fellow; a coward. [Slang, Eng.] It was in the second affair that poor little Barney showed he was a cocktail. Thackeray.
4. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A species of rove beetle; -- so called from its habit of elevating the tail.
COCKUP Cock"up, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A large, highly esteemed, edible fish of India (Lates calcarifer); -- also called begti.
COCKWEED Cock"weed, n. (Bot.)
Defn: Peppergrass. Johnson.
COCKY Cock"y, a. Etym: [See Cocket.]
Defn: Pert. [Slang]
COCKYOLLY BIRD; COCKYOLY BIRD Cock`y*ol"ly bird or Cock`y*ol"y bird. [Cf. Cock, fowl; Yellow.]
Defn: A pet name for any small bird.
COCO; COCO PALM Co"co, n. or Co"co palm.
Defn: See Cocoa.
COCOA; COCOA PALM Co"coa, n., Co"coa palm` Etym: [Sp. & Pg. coco cocoanut, in Sp. also, cocoa palm. The Portuguese name is said to have been given from the monkeylike face at the base of the nut, fr. Pg. coco a bugbear, an ugly mask to frighten children. Cf., however, Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: A palm tree producing the cocoanut (Cocos nucifera). It grows in nearly all tropical countries, attaining a height of sixty or eighty feet. The trunk is without branches, and has a tuft of leaves at the top, each being fifteen or twenty feet in length, and at the base of these the nuts hang in clusters; the cocoanut tree.
COCOA Co"coa, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. cacao.]
Defn: A preparation made from the seeds of the chocolate tree, and used in making, a beverage; also the beverage made from cocoa or cocoa shells. Cocoa shells, the husks which separate from the cacao seeds in preparing them for use.
COCOANUT Co"coa*nut`, n.
Defn: The large, hard-shelled nut of the cocoa palm. It yields an agreeable milky liquid and a white meat or albumen much used as food and in making oil.
COCOBOLO; COCOBOLAS Co`co*bo"lo, Co`co*bo"las, n. Etym: [Sp. cocobolo.] (Bot.)
Defn: A very beautiful and hard wood, obtained in the West India Islands. It is used in cabinetmaking, for the handles of tools, and for various fancy articles.
COCOON Co*coon", n. Etym: [F. cocon, dim. of coque shell of egge and insects, fr. L. concha mussel shell. See Conch.]
1. An oblong case in which the silkworn lies in its chrysalis state. It is formed of threads of silk spun by the worm just before leaving the larval state. From these the silk of commerce is prepared.
2. (Zoöl.) (a) The case constructed by any insect to contain its larva or pupa. (b) The case of silk made by spiders to protect their eggs. (c) The egg cases of mucus, etc., made by leeches and other worms.
COCOONERY Co*coon"er*y, n.
Defn: A building or apartment for silkworms, when feeding and forming cocoons.
COCTIBLE Coc"ti*ble, a. Etym: [See Coctile.]
Defn: Capable of being cooked. Blount.
COCTILE Coc"tile, a. Etym: [L. coctilis, fr. coguere. See Cook.]
Defn: Made by baking, or exposing to heat, as a brick.
COCTION Coc"tion, n. Etym: [L. coctio.]
1. Act of boiling.
2. (Med.) (a) Digestion. [Obs.] (b) The change which the humorists believed morbific matter undergoes before elimination. [Obs.] Dunglison.
COCUS WOOD Co"cus wood`.
Defn: A West Indian wood, used for making flutes and other musical instruments.
COD Cod, n. Etym: [AS. codd small bag; akin to Icel. koddi pillow, Sw. kudde cushion; cf. W. cod, ciod, bag, shell.]
1. A husk; a pod; as, a peascod. [Eng.] Mortimer.
2. A small bag or pouch. [Obs.] Halliwell.
3. The scortum. Dunglison.
4. A pillow or cushion. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
COD Cod, n. Etym: [Cf. G. gadde, and (in Heligoland) gadden, L. gadus merlangus.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: An important edible fish (Gadus morrhua), Taken in immense numbers on the northern coasts of Europe and America. It is especially abundant and large on the Grand Bank of Newfoundland. It is salted and dried in large quantities.
Note: There are several varieties; as shore cod, from shallow water; bank cod, from the distant banks; and rock cod, which is found among ledges, and is often dark brown or mottled with red. The tomcod is a distinct species of small size. The bastard, blue, buffalo, or cultus cod of the Pacific coast belongs to a distinct family. See Buffalo cod, under Buffalo. Cod fishery, the business of fishing for cod. -- Cod line, an eighteen-thread line used in catching codfish. McElrath.
CODA Co"da, n. Etym: [It., tail, fr. L. cauda.] (Mus.)
Defn: A few measures added beyond the natural termination of a composition.
CODDER Cod"der, n.
Defn: A gatherer of cods or peas. [Obs. or Prov.] Johnson.
CODDING Cod"ding, a.
Defn: Lustful. [Obs.] Shak.
CODDLE Cod"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coddled; p. pr. & vb. n. Coddling.] Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. caddle to coax, spoil, fondle, and Cade, a. & v. t.] [Written also codle.]
1. To parboil, or soften by boiling. It [the guava fruit] may be coddled. Dampier.
2. To treat with excessive tenderness; to pamper. How many of our English princes have been coddled at home by their fond papas and mammas! Thackeray. He [Lord Byron] never coddled his reputation. Southey.
CODDYMODDY Cod"dy*mod"dy, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A gull in the plumage of its first year.
CODE Code, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. codex, caudex, the stock or
1. A body of law, sanctioned by legislation, in which the rules of law to be specifically applied by the courts are set forth in systematic form; a compilation of laws by public authority; a digest.
Note: The collection of laws made by the order of Justinian is sometimes called, by way of eminence. "The Code" Wharton.
2. Any system of rules or regulations relating to one subject; as, the medical code, a system of rules for the regulation of the professional conduct of physicians; the naval code, a system of rules for making communications at sea means of signals. Code civil or Code Napoleon, a code enacted in France in 1803 and 1804, embodying the law of rights of persons and of property generally. Abbot.
CODEFENDANT Co`de*fend"ant, n.
Defn: A joint defendant. Blackstone.
CODEINE Co*de"ine, n. Etym: [Gr. cod.] (Chem.)
Defn: One of the opium alkaloids; a white crystalline substance, C18H21NO3, similar to and regarded as a derivative of morphine, but much feebler in its action; -- called also codeia.
CODETTA Co*det"ta, n. Etym: [It., dim. of coda tail.] (Mus.)
Defn: A short passage connecting two sections, but not forming part of either; a short coda.
CODEX Co"dex, n.; pl. Codices. Etym: [L. See Code.]
1. A book; a manuscript.
2. A collection or digest of laws; a code. Burrill.
3. An ancient manuscript of the Sacred Scriptures, or any part of them, particularly the New Testament.
4. A collection of canons. Shipley.
CODFISH Cod"fish, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A kind of fish. Same as Cod.
CODGER Codg"er, n. Etym: [Cf. Cadger.]
1. A miser or mean person.
2. A singular or odd person; -- a familiar, humorous, or depreciatory appellation. [Colloq.] A few of us old codgers met at the fireside. Emerson.
CODICAL Cod"i*cal, a.
Defn: Ralating to a codex, or a code.
CODICIL Cod"i*cil, n. Etym: [L. codicillus, dim. of codex: cf. F. codicille. See Code.] (Law)
Defn: A clause added to a will.
CODICILLARY Cod`i*cil"la*ry, a. Etym: [L. codicillaris, codicillarius.]
Defn: Of the nature of a codicil.
CODIFICATION Co`di*fi*ca"tion ( or ), n. Etym: [Cf. F. codification.]
Defn: The act or process of codifying or reducing laws to a code.
CODIFIER Co"di*fi`er ( or ), n.
Defn: One who codifies.
CODIFY Co"di*fy ( or ; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Codified; p. pr. & vb. n. Codifying.] Etym: [Code + -fy: cf. F. codifier.]
Defn: To reduce to a code, as laws.
CODILLA Co*dil"la, n. Etym: [Cf. L. codicula a little tail, dim. of cauda tail.] (Com.)
Defn: The coarse tow of flax and hemp. McElrath.
CODILLE Co*dille", n. Etym: [F. codile.]
Defn: A term at omber, signifying that the game is won. Pope.
CODIST Co"dist, n.
Defn: A codifier; a maker of codes. [R.]
CODLE Co"dle, v. t.
Defn: See Coddle.
CODLIN; CODLING Cod"lin, Cod"ling, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. codæppel a quince.] (a) An apple fit to stew or coddle. (b) An immature apple. A codling when 't is almost an apple. Shak. Codling moth (Zoöl.), a small moth (Carpocapsa Pomonella), which in the larval state (known as the apple worm) lives in apples, often doing great damage to the crop.
CODLING Cod"ling, n. Etym: [Dim. of cod the fish.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A young cod; also, a hake.
COD LIVER Cod" liv`er, n.
Defn: The liver of the common cod and allied species. Cod-liver oil, an oil obtained fron the liver of the codfish, and used extensively in medicine as a means of supplying the body with fat in cases of malnutrition.
CODPIECE Cod"piece`, n. Etym: [Cod, n., piece.]
Defn: A part of male dress in front of the breeches, formerly made very conspicuous. Shak. Fosbroke.
COECILIAN Coe*cil"i*an, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Cæcilian.
COEDUCATION Co*ed`u*ca"tion, n.
Defn: An educating together, as of persons of different sexes or races. Co*ed`u*ca"tion*al (, a.
COEFFICACY Co*ef"fi*ca*cy, n.
Defn: Joint efficacy.
COEFFICIENCY Co`ef*fi"cien*cy, n.
Defn: Joint efficiency; coöperation. Glanvill.
COEFFICIENT Co`ef*fi"cient, a.
Defn: Coöperating; acting together to produce an effect. Co`ef*fi"cient*ly, adv.
COEFFICIENT Co`ef*fi"cient, n.
1. That which unites in action with something else to produce the same effect.
2. Etym: [Cf. F. coefficient.] (Math.)
Defn: A number or letter put before a letter or quantity, known or unknown, to show how many times the latter is to be taken; as, 6x; bx; here 6 and b are coefficients of x.
3. (Physics)
Defn: A number, commonly used in computation as a factor, expressing the amount of some change or effect under certain fixed conditions as to temperature, length, volume, etc.; as, the coefficient of expansion; the coefficient of friction. Arbitrary coefficient (Math.), a literal coefficient placed arbitrarily in an algebraic, expression, the value of the coefficient being afterwards determined by the conditions of the problem.
COEHORN Coe"horn, n. Etym: [From its inventor, Baron Coehorn.] (Mil.)
Defn: A small bronze mortar mounted on a wooden block with handles, and light enough to be carried short distances by two men.
COELACANTH Coel"a*canth ( or , a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having hollow spines, as some ganoid fishes.
COELECTRON Co`e*lec"tron, n.
Defn: See Electron.
COELENTERA; COELENTERATA Coe*len"te*ra or Coe*len`te*ra"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A comprehensive group of Invertebrata, mostly marine, comprising the Anthozoa, Hydrozoa, and Ctenophora. The name implies that the stomach and body cavities are one. The group is sometimes enlarged so as to include the sponges.
COELENTERATE Coe*len"ter*ate, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Belonging to the Coelentra. -- n.
Defn: One of the Coelentera.
COELIA Coe"li*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)
Defn: A cavity.
Note: The word is applied to the ventricles of the brain, the different venticles being indicated by prefixes like those characterizing the parts of the brain in which the cavities are found; as, epicoelia, mesocoelia, metacoelia, procoelia, etc. B. G. Wilder.
COELIAC; CELIAC Coe"li*ac, Ce"li*ac, a. Etym: [L. coeliacus, Gr.
Defn: Relating to the abdomen, or to the cavity of the abdomen. Coeliac artery (Anat.), the artery which issues from the aorta just below the diaphragm; -- called also coeliac axis. -- Coeliac flux, Coeliac passion (Med.), a chronic flux or diarrhea of undigested food.
COELODONT Coe"lo*dont, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having hollow teeth; -- said of a group lizards. -- n.
Defn: One of a group of lizards having hollow teeth.
COELOSPERMOUS Coel`o*sper"mous ( or , a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: Hollow-seeded; having the ventral face of the seedlike carpels incurved at the ends, as in coriander seed.
COELUM Coe"lum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)
Defn: See Body cavity, under Body.
COEMPTION Co*emp"tion, n. Etym: [L. coëmptio, fr. coëmere to buy up. See Emption.]
Defn: The act of buying the whole quantity of any commodity. [R.] Bacon.
COENDOO Co*en"doo, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The Brazilian porcupine (Cercolades, or Sphingurus, prehensiles), remarkable for its prehensile tail.
COENENCHYM; COENENCHYMA Coe*nen"chym, Coe*nen"chy*ma n. Etym: [NL. coenenchyma, fr. Gr. parenchyma.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The common tissue which unites the polyps or zooids of a compound anthozoan or coral. It may be soft or more or less ossified. See Coral.
COENESTHESIS Coen`es*the"sis ( or ), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Physiol.)
Defn: Common sensation or general sensibility, as distinguished from the special sensations which are located in, or ascribed to, separate organs, as the eye and ear. It is supposed to depend on the ganglionic system.
COENOBITE Coen"o*bite ( or ), n.
Defn: See Cenobite.
COENOECIUM Coe*noe"ci*um ( or ), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The common tissue which unites the various zooids of a bryozoan.
COENOGAMY Coe*nog"a*my, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: The state of a community which permits promiscuous sexual intercourse among its members; -- as in certain primitive tribes or communistic societies. [Written also cenogamy.]
COENOSARC Coen"o*sarc ( or ), n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The common soft tissue which unites the polyps of a compound hydroid. See Hydroidea.
COENURUS Coe*nu"rus, n. Etym: [NL. fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The larval stage of a tapeworm (Tænia coenurus) which forms bladderlike sacs in the brain of sheep, causing the fatal disease known as water brain, vertigo, staggers or gid.
Note: This bladder worm has on its surface numerous small heads, each of which, when swallowed by a dog, becomes a mature tapeworm in the dog's intestine.
COEQUAL Co*e"qual, a. Etym: [L. coaequalis; co- + aequalis equal.]
Defn: Being on an equality in rank or power. -- n.
Defn: One who is on an equality with another. In once he come to be a cardinal, He'll make his cap coequal with the crown. Shak.
COEQUALITY Co`e*qual"i*ty, n.
Defn: The state of being on an equality, as in rank or power.
COEQUALLY Co*e"qual*ly, adv.
Defn: With coequality.
COERCE Co*erce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coerced; p. pr. & vb. n. Coercing.] Etym: [L. coërcere; co- + arcere to shut up, to press together. See Ark.]
1. To restrain by force, especially by law or authority; to repress; to curb. Burke. Punishments are manifold, that they may coerce this profligate sort. Ayliffe.
2. To compel or constrain to any action; as, to coerce a man to vote for a certain candidate.
3. To compel or enforce; as, to coerce obedience.
Syn. -- To Coerce, Compel. To compel denotes to urge on by force which cannot be resisted. The term aplies equally to physical and moral force; as, compelled by hunger; compelled adverse circumstances; compelled by parental affection. Coerce had at first only the negative sense of checking or restraining by force; as, to coerce a bad man by punishments or a prisoner with fetters. It has now gained a positive sense., viz., that of driving a person into the performance of some act which is required of him by another; as, to coerce a man to sign a contract; to coerce obedience. In this sense (which is now the prevailing one), coerce differs but little from compel, and yet there is a distinction between them. Coercion is usually acomplished by indirect means, as threats and intimidation, physical force being more rarely employed in coercing.
COERCIBLE Co"er"ci*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being coerced. -- Co*er"ci*ble*ness, n.
COERCION Co*er"cion, n. Etym: [L. coercio, fr. coercere. See Coerce.]
1. The act or process of coercing.
2. (Law)
Defn: The application to another of either physical or moral force. When the force is physical, and cannot be resisted, then the act produced by it is a nullity, so far as concerns the party coerced. When the force is moral, then the act, though voidable, is imputable to the party doing it, unless he be so paralyzed by terror as to act convulsively. At the same time coercion is not negatived by the fact of submission under force. "Coactus volui" (I consented under compulsion) is the condition of mind which, when there is volition forced by coercion, annuls the result of such coercion. Wharton.
COERCITIVE Co*er"ci*tive, a.
Defn: Coercive. "Coercitive power in laws." Jer. Taylor.
COERCIVE Co*er"cive, a.
Defn: Serving or intended to coerce; having power to constrain. -- Co*er"cive*ly, adv. -- Co*er"cive*ness, n. Coercive power can only influence us to outward practice. Bp. Warburton. Coercive or Coercitive force (Magnetism), the power or force which in iron or steel produces a slowness or difficulty in imparting magnetism to it, and also interposes an obstacle to the return of a bar to its natural state when active magnetism has ceased. It plainly depends on the molecular constitution of the metal. Nichol. The power of resisting magnetization or demagnization is sometimes called coercive force. S. Thompson.
COERULIGNONE Coe`ru*lig"none, n. Etym: [L. coeruleus cerulean + lignum wood + E. quinone.] (Chem.)
Defn: A bluish violet, crystalline substance obtained in the purification of crude wood vinegar. It is regarded as a complex quinone derivative of diphenyl; -- called also cedriret.
COESSENTIAL Co`es*sen"tial, a.
Defn: Partaking of the same essence. -- Co`es*sen"tial*ly, adv. We bless and magnify that coessential Spirit, eternally proceeding from both [The Father and the Son]. Hooker.
COESSENTIALITY Co`es*sen`ti*al"i*ty ( or ; 106), n.
Defn: Participation of the same essence. Johnson.
COESTABLISHMENT Co`es*tab"lish*ment, n.
Defn: Joint establishment. Bp. Watson.
COESTATE Co`es*tate", n.
Defn: Joint estate. Smolett.
COETANEAN Co`e*ta"ne*an, n.
Defn: A personcoetaneous with another; a contemporary. [R.] A . . . coetanean of the late earl of SouthamptoAubrey.
COETANEOUS Co`e*ta"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. coaetaneus; co- + aetas age.]
Defn: Of the same age; beginning to exist at the same time; contemporaneous. -- Co`e*ta"ne*ous*ly, adv. And all [members of the body] are coetaneous. Bentley.
COETERNAL Co`e*ter"nal, a.
Defn: Equally eternal. -- Co`e*ter"nal*ly, adv. Hail, holy Light, offspring of Heaven first born! Or of the Eternal coeternal beam. Milton.
COETERNITY Co`e*ter"ni*ty, n.
Defn: Existence from eternity equally with another eternal being; equal eternity.
COEVAL Co*e"val, a. Etym: [L. coaevus; co- + aevum lifetime, age. See Age, n.]
Defn: Of the same age; existing during the same period of time, especially time long and remote; -- usually followed by with. Silence! coeval with eternity! Pope. Oaks coeval spread a mournful shade. Cowper.
COEVAL Co*e"val, n.
Defn: One of the same age; a contemporary. As if it were not enough to have outdone all your coevals in wit. Pope.
COEVOUS Co*e"vous, a.
Defn: Coeaval [Obs.] South.
COEXECUTOR Co`ex*ec"u*tor, n.
Defn: A joint executor.
COEXECUTRIX Co`ex*ec"u*trix, n.
Defn: A joint executrix.
COEXIST Co`ex*ist, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Coexisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Coexisting.]
Defn: To exist at the same time; -- sometimes followed by with. Of substances no one has any clear idea, farther than of certain simple ideas coexisting together. Locke. So much purity and integrity . . . coexisting with so much decay and so many infirmities. Warburton.
COEXISTENCE Co`ex*ist"ence, n.
Defn: Existence at the same time with another; -- contemporary existence. Without the help, or so much as the coexistence, of any condition. Jer. Taylor.
COEXISTENT Co`ex*ist"ent, a.
Defn: Existing at the same time with another. -- n.
Defn: That which coexists with another. The law of coexistent vibrations. Whewell.
COEXISTING Co`ex*ist"ing, a.
Defn: Coexistent. Locke.
COEXTEND Co`ex*tend, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coextended; p. pr. & vb. n. Coextending.]
Defn: To extend through the same space or time with another; to extend to the same degree. According to which the least body may be coextended with the greatest. Boyle. Has your English language one single word that is coextended through all these significations Bentley.
COEXTENSION Co`ex*ten"sion, n.
Defn: The act of extending equally, or the state of being equally extended.
COEXTENSIVE Co`ex*ten"sive, a.
Defn: Equally extensive; having as, consciousness and knowledge are coextensive. Sir W. Hamilton. -- Co`ex*ten"sive*ly, adv. -- Co`ex*ten"sive*ness, n.
COFFEE Cof"fee, n. Etym: [Turk. qahveh, Ar. qahuah wine, coffee, a decoction of berries. Cf. Café.]
1. The "beans" or "berries" (pyrenes) obtained from the drupes of a small evergreen tree of the genus Coffea, growing in Abyssinia, Arabia, Persia, and other warm regions of Asia and Africa, and also in tropical America.
2. The coffee tree.
Note: There are several species of the coffee tree, as, Coffea Arabica, C. occidentalis, and C. Liberica. The white, fragrant flowers grow in clusters at the root of the leaves, and the fruit is a red or purple cherrylike drupe, with sweet pulp, usually containing two pyrenes, commercially called "beans" or "berries".
3. The beverage made from the roasted and ground berry. They have in Turkey a drink called coffee . . . This drink comforteth the brain and heart, and helpeth digestion. Bacon.
Note: The use of coffee is said to have been introduced into England about 1650, when coffeehouses were opened in Oxford and London. Coffee bug (Zoöl.), a species of scale insect (Lecanium coffæa), often very injurious to the coffee tree. -- Coffee rat (Zoöl.) See Musang.
COFFEEHOUSE Cof"fee*house`, n.
Defn: A house of entertainment, where guests are supplied with coffee and other refreshments, and where men meet for conversation. The coffeehouse must not be dismissed with a cursory mention. It might indeed, at that time, have been not improperly called a most important political institution . . . The coffeehouses were the chief organs through which the public opinion of the metropolis vented itself . . . Every man of the upper or middle class went daily to his coffeehouse to learn the news and discuss it. Every coffeehouse had one or more orators, to whose eloquence the crowd listened with admiration, and who soon became what the journalists of our own time have been called -- a fourth estate of the realm. Macaulay.
COFFEEMAN Cof"fee*man, n.
Defn: One who keeps a coffeehouse. Addison.
COFFEEPOT Cof"fee*pot, n.
Defn: A covered pot im which coffee is prepared,
COFFEEROOM Cof"fee*room`, n.
Defn: A public room where coffee and other refreshments may be obtained.
COFFER Cof"fer, n. Etym: [OF. cofre, F. coffre, L. cophinus basket, fr. Gr. Coffin, n.]
1. A casket, chest, or trunk; especially, one used for keeping money or other valuables. Chaucer. In ivory coffers I have stuffed my crowns. Shak.
2. Fig.: Treasure or funds; -- usually in the plural. He would discharge it without any burden to the queen's coffers, for honor sake. Bacon. Hold, here is half my coffer. Shak.
3. (Arch.)
Defn: A panel deeply recessed in the ceiling of a vault, dome, or portico; a caisson.
4. (Fort.)
Defn: A trench dug in the botton of a dry moat, and extending across it, to enable the besieged to defend it by a raking fire.
5. The chamber of a canal lock; also, a caisson or a cofferdam. Coffer dam. (Engin.) See Cofferdam, in the Vocabulary. -- Coffer fish. (Zoöl.) See Cowfish.
COFFER Cof"fer, v. t.
1. To put into a coffer. Bacon.
2. (Mining.)
Defn: To secure from leaking, as a chaft, by ramming clay behind the masonry or timbering. Raymond.
3. To form with or in a coffer or coffers; to turnish with a coffer or coffers.
COFFERDAM Cof"fer*dam, n.
Defn: A water-tight inclosure, as of piles packed with clay, from which the water is pumped to expose the bottom (of a river, etc.) and permit the laying of foundations, building of piers, etc.
COFFERER Cof"fer*er, n.
Defn: One who keeps treasures in a coffer. [R.]
COFFERWORK Cof"fer*work`, n. (Masonry)
Defn: Rubblework faced with stone. Knight.
COFFIN Cof"fin, n. Etym: [OE., a basket, receptacle, OF. cofin, fr. L. cophinus. See Coffer, n.]
1. The case in which a dead human body is inclosed for burial. They embalmed him [Joseph], and he was put in a coffin. Gen. 1. 26.
2. A basket. [Obs.] Wyclif (matt. xiv. 20).
3. A casing or crust, or a mold, of pastry, as for a pie. Of the paste a coffin I will rear. Shak.
4. A conical paper bag, used by grocers. [Obs.] Nares.
5. (Far.)
Defn: The hollow crust or hoof of a horse's foot, below the coronet, in which is the coffin bone. Coffin bone, the foot bone of the horse and allied animals, inclosed within the hoof, and corresponding to the third phalanx of the middle finger, or toe, of most mammals. -- Coffin joint, the joint next above the coffin bone.
COFFIN Cof"fin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coffined; p. pr. & vb. n. Coffining.]
Defn: To inclose in, or as in, a coffin. Would'st thou have laughed, had I come coffined home Shak. Devotion is not coffined in a cell. John Hall (1646).
COFFINLESS Cof"fin*less, a.
Defn: Having no coffin.
COFFLE Cof"fle, n. Etym: [Ar. kafala caravan.]
Defn: A gang of negro slaves being driven to market.
COG Cog, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cogged; p. pr. & vb. n. Cogging.] Etym: [Cf. W. coegio to make void, to beceive, from coeg empty, vain, foolish. Cf. Coax, v. t.]
1. To seduce, or draw away, by adulation, artifice, or falsehood; to wheedle; to cozen; to cheat. [R.] I'll . . . cog their hearts from them. Shak.
2. To obtrude or thrust in, by falsehood or deception; as, to cog in a word; to palm off. [R.] Fustian tragedies . . . have, by concerted applauses, been cogged upon the town for masterpieces. J. Dennis To cog a die, to load so as to direct its fall; to cheat in playing dice. Swift.
COG Cog, v. i.
Defn: To deceive; to cheat; to play false; to lie; to wheedle; to cajole. For guineas in other men's breeches, Your gamesters will palm and will cog. Swift.
COG Cog, n.
Defn: A trick or deception; a falsehood. Wm. Watson.
COG Cog, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. kugge a cog, or W. cocos the cogs of a wheel.]
1. (Mech.)
Defn: A tooth, cam, or catch for imparting or receiving motion, as on a gear wheel, or a lifter or wiper on a shaft; originally, a separate piece of wood set in a mortise in the face of a wheel.
2. (Carp.) (a) A kind of tenon on the end of a joist, received into a notch in a bearing timber, and resting flush with its upper surface. (b) A tenon in a scarf joint; a coak. Knight.
3. (Mining.)
Defn: One of the rough pillars of stone or coal left to support the roof of a mine.
COG Cog, v. t.
Defn: To furnish with a cog or cogs. Cogged breath sound (Auscultation), a form of interrupted respiration, in which the interruptions are very even, three or four to each inspiration. Quain.
COG Cog, n. Etym: [OE. cogge; cf. D. kog, Icel. kuggr Cf. Cock a boat.]
Defn: A small fishing boat. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
COGENCY Co"gen*cy, n. Etym: [See Cogent.]
Defn: The quality of being cogent; power of compelling conviction; conclusiveness; force. An antecedent argument of extreme cogency. J. H. Newman.
COGENIAL Co*ge"ni*al, a.
Defn: Congenial. [Obs.]
COGENT Co"gent, a. Etym: [L. cogens, p. pr. of cogere to drive together, to force; co- + agere to drive. See Agent, a., and cf. Coact to force, Coagulate, p. a.]
1. Compelling, in a physical sense; powerful. [Obs.] The cogent force of nature. Prior.
2. Having the power to compel conviction or move the will; constraining; conclusive; forcible; powerful; not easily reasisted. No better nor more cogent reason. Dr. H. More. Proofs of the most cogent description. Tyndall. The tongue whose strains were cogent as commands, Revered at home, and felt in foreign lands. Cowper.
Syn. -- Forcible; powerful; potent; urgent; strong; persuasive; convincing; conclusive; influential.
COGENTLY Co"gent*ly, adv.
Defn: In a cogent manner; forcibly; convincigly; conclusively. Locke.
COGGER Cog"ger, n. Etym: [From Cog to wheedle.]
Defn: A flatterer or deceiver; a sharper.
COGGERY Cog"ger*y, n.
Defn: Trick; deception. Bp. Watson.
COGGLE Cog"gle, n. Etym: [See Cog small boat.]
Defn: A small fishing boat. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
COGGLE Cog"gle, n. Etym: [Cf. Cobble a cobblestone.]
Defn: A cobblestone. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
COGITABILITY Cog`i*ta*bil"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality of being cogitable; conceivableness.
COGITABLE Cog"i*ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. cogitabilis, fr. cogitare to think.]
Defn: Capable of being brought before the mind as a throught or idea; conceivable; thinkable. Creation is cogitable by us only as a putting forth of divine power. Sir W. Hamilton.
COGITABUND Cog"i*ta*bund`, a. Etym: [L. cogitabundus.]
Defn: Full of thought; thoughtful. [R.] Leigh Hunt.
COGITATE Cog"i*tate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cogitated; p. pr. & vb. n. Cogitating.] Etym: [L. cogitatus, p. p. of cogitare to reflect upon, prob. fr. co- + the root of aio I say; hence, prop., to discuss with one's self. Cf. Adage.]
Defn: To engage in continuous thought; to think. He that calleth a thing into his mind, whether by impression or recordation, cogitateth and considereth, and he that employeth the faculty of his fancy also cogitateth. Bacon.
COGITATE Cog"i*tate, v. t.
Defn: To think over; to plan. He . . . is our witness, how we both day and night, revolving in our minds, did cogitate nothing more than how to satisfy the parts of a good pastor. Foxe.
COGITATION Cog`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. cogitatio: cf. F. cogitation.]
Defn: The act of thinking; thought; meditation; contemplation. "Fixed in cogitation deep." Milton.
COGITATIVE Cog"i*ta*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. cogitativus.]
1. Possessing, or pertaining to, the power of thinking or meditating. "Cogitative faculties." Wollaston.
2. Given to thought or contemplation. Sir H. Wotton.
COGMAN Cog"man, n.
Defn: A dealer in cogware or coarse cloth. [Obs.] Wright.
COGNAC Co"gnac`, n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: A kind of French brandy, so called from the town of Cognac.
COGNATE Cog"nate, a. Etym: [L. cognatus; co- + gnatus, natus, p. p. of nasci, anciently gnasci, to be born. See Nation, and cf. Connate.]
1. Allied by blood; kindred by birth; specifically (Law), related on the mother's side.
2. Of the same or a similar nature; of the same family; proceeding from the same stock or root; allied; kindred; as, a cognate language.
COGNATE Cog"nate, n.
1. (Law)
Defn: One who is related to another on the female side. Wharton.
2. One of a number of things allied in origin or nature; as, certain letters are cognates.
COGNATENESS Cog"nate*ness, n.
Defn: The state of being cognate.
COGNATI Cog*na"ti, n. pl. Etym: [L.] (Law)
Defn: Relatives by the mother's side. Wharton.
COGNATION Cog*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. cognatio.]
1. Relationship by blood; descent from the same original; kindred. As by our cognation to the body of the first Adam. Jer. Taylor.
2. Participation of the same nature. Sir T. Browne. A like temper and cognation. Sir K. Digby.
3. (Law)
Defn: That tie of consanguinity which exists between persons descended from the same mother; -- used in distinction from agnation.
COGNATUS Cog*na"tus, n. Etym: [L., a kinsman.] (Law)
Defn: A person cinnected through cognation.
COGNISOR; COGNISEE Cog`ni*sor" ( or ), Cog`ni*see, n.
Defn: See Cognizor, Cognizee.
COGNITION Cog*ni"tion, n. Etym: [L. cognitio, fr. cognoscere, cognitum, to become acquainted with, to know; co- + noscere, gnoscere, to get a knowledge of. See Know, v. t.]
1. The act of knowing; knowledge; perception. I will not be myself nor have cognation Of what I feel: I am all patience. Shak.
2. That which is known.
COGNITIVE Cog"ni*tive, a.
Defn: Knowing, or apprehending by the understanding; as, cognitive power. South.
COGNIZABLE Cog"ni*za*ble ( or , a. Etym: [F. connaissable, fr. connaître to know, L. cognoscere. See Cognition.]
1. Capable of being known or apprehended; as, cognizable causes.
2. Fitted to be a subject of judicial investigation; capable of being judicially heard and determined. Cognizable both in the ecclesiastical and secular courts. Ayliffe.
COGNIZABLY Cog"ni*za*bly, adv.
Defn: In a cognizable manner.
COGNIZANCE Cog"ni*zance ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [OF. conissance, conoissance, F. conaissance, LL. cognoscentia, fr. L. cognoscere to know. See Cognition, and cf. Cognoscence, Connoisseur.]
1. Apprehension by the understanding; perception; observation. Within the cognizance and lying under the control of their divine Governor. Bp. Hurd
2. Recollection; recognition. Who, soon as on that knight his eye did glance, Eftsoones of him had perfect cognizance. Spenser.
3. (Law) (a) Jurisdiction, or the power given by law to hear and decide controversies. (b) The hearing a matter judicially. (c) An acknowledgment of a fine of lands and tenements or confession of a thing done. [Eng.] (d) A form of defense in the action of replevin, by which the defendant insists that the goods were lawfully taken, as a distress, by defendant, acting as servant for another. [Eng.] Cowell. Mozley & W.
4. The distinguishing mark worn by an armed knight, usually upon the helmet, and by his retainers and followers: Hence, in general, a badge worn by a retainer or dependent, to indicate the person or party to which he belonged; a token by which a thing may be known. Wearing the liveries and cognizance of their master. Prescott. This pale and angry rose, As cognizance of my blood-drinking hate. Shak.
COGNIZANT Cog"ni*zant ( or ), a. Etym: [See Cognizance, and cf. Connusant.]
Defn: Having cognizance or knowledge. (of).
COGNIZE Cog"nize, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Cognizant, Recognize.]
Defn: To know or perceive; to recognize. The reasoning faculty can deal with no facts until they are cognized by it. H. Spencer.
COGNIZEE Cog`ni*zee" ( or ), n. (Law)
Defn: One to whom a fine of land was ackowledged. Blackstone.
COGNIZOR Cog`ni*zor, n. Etym: [See Cognizance.] (Law)
Defn: One who ackowledged the right of the plaintiff or cognizee in a fine; the defendant. Blackstone.
COGNOMEN Cog*no"men, n. Etym: [L.: co- + (g)nomen name.]
1. The last of the three names of a person among the ancient Romans, denoting his house or family.
2. (Eng. Law)
Defn: A surname.
COGNOMINAL Cog*nom"i*nal, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a cognomen; of the nature of a surname.
COGNOMINAL Cog*nom"i*nal, n.
Defn: One bearing the same name; a namesake. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
COGNOMINATION Cog*nom`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. cognominatio.]
Defn: A cognomen or surname. [R.] Jer. Taylor.
COGNOSCENCE Cog*nos"cence, n. Etym: [LL. cognoscentia. See Cognizance.]
Defn: Cognizance. [R.] Dr. H. More.
COGNOSCENTE Cog`nos*cen"te, n.; pl. Cognoscenti. Etym: [OIt. cognoscente, p. pr. of cognoscere, It. conoscere to know.]
Defn: A conoisseur. Mason.
COGNOSCIBILITY Cog*nos`ci*bil"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality of being cognoscible. Cudworth.
COGNOSCIBLE Cog*nos"ci*ble, a.
1. Capable of being known. "Matters intelligible and cognoscible." Sir M. Hale.
2. Liable to judicial investigation. Jer. Taylor.
COGNOSCITIVE Cog*nos"ci*tive, a.
Defn: Having the power of knowing. [Obs.] "An innate cognoscitive power." Cudworth.
COGNOVIT Cog*no"vit, n. Etym: [L., he has acknowledged.] (Law)
Defn: An instrument in writting whereby a defendant in an action acknowledges a plaintiff's demand to be just. Mozley & W.
COGON Co*gon", n. [Sp., prob. fr. a native name.]
Defn: A tall, coarse grass (Imperata arundinacea) of the Philippine Islands and adjacent countries, used for thatching.
COGUARDIAN Co*guard"i*an, n.
Defn: A joint guardian.
COGUE Cogue, n. Etym: [Cf. Cog a small boat.]
Defn: A small wooden vessel; a pail. [Scot.] Jamieson.
COGWARE Cog"ware`, n.
Defn: A coarse, narrow cloth, like frieze, used by the lower classes in the sixteenth century. Halliwell.
COGWHEEL Cog"wheel`, n.
Defn: A wheel with cogs or teeth; a gear wheel. See Illust. of Gearing.
COHABIT Co*hab"it, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cohabited; p. pr. & vb. n. Cohabiting.] Etym: [L. cohabitare; co- + habitare to dwell, to have possession of (a place), freg. of habere to have. See Habit, n. & v.]
1. To inhabit or reside in company, or in the same place or country. The Philistines were worsted by the captived ark . . . : they were not able to cohabit with that holy thing. South.
2. To dwell or live together as husband and wife. The law presumes that husband and wife cohabit together, even after a voluntary separation has taken place between them. Bouvier.
Note: By the common law as existing in the United States, marriage is presumed when a man and woman cohabit permanently together, being reputed by those who know them to be husband and wife, and admitting the relationship. Wharton.
COHABITANT Co*hab"it*ant, n. Etym: [L. cohabitans, p. pr.]
Defn: One who dwells with another, or in the same place or country. No small number of the Danes became peaceable cohabitants with the Saxons in England. Sir W. Raleigh.
COHABITATION Co*hab"i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. cohabitatio.]
1. The act or state of dwelling together, or in the same place with another. Feltham.
2. (Law)
Defn: The living together of a man and woman in supposed sexual relationship. That the duty of cohabitation is released by the cruelty of one of the parties is admitted. Lord Stowell.
COHABITER Co*hab"it*er, n.
Defn: A cohabitant. Hobbes.
COHEIR Co*heir, n.
Defn: A joint heir; one of two or more heirs; one of several entitled to an inheritance.
COHEIRESS Co*heir"ess, n.
Defn: A female heir who inherits with other heiresses; a joint heiress.
COHEIRSHIP Co*heir"ship, n.
Defn: The state of being a coheir.
COHERALD Co*her"ald, n.
Defn: A joint herald.
COHERE Co*here", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cohered; p. pr. & vb. n. Cohering.] Etym: [L. cohaerere, cohaesum; co- + haerere to stick, adhere. See Aghast, a.]
1. To stick together; to cleave; to be united; to hold fast, as parts of the same mass. Neither knows he . . . how the solid parts of the body are united or cohere together. Locke.
2. To be united or connected together in subordination to one purpose; to follow naturally and logically, as the parts of a discourse, or as arguments in a train of reasoning; to be logically consistent. They have been inserted where they best seemed to cohere. Burke.
3. To suit; to agree; to fit. [Obs.] Had time cohered with place, or place with wishing. Shak.
Syn. -- To cleave; unite; adhere; stick; suit; agree; fit; be consistent.
COHERENCE; COHERENCY Co*her"ence, Co*her"en*cy, n. Etym: [L. cohaerentia: cf. F. cohérence.]
1. A sticking or cleaving together; union of parts of the same body; cohesion.
2. Connection or dependence, proceeding from the subordination of the parts of a thing to one principle or purpose, as in the parts of a discourse, or of a system of philosophy; consecutiveness. Coherence of discourse, and a direct tendency of all the parts of it to the argument in hand, are most eminently to be found in him. Locke.
COHERENT Co*her"ent, a. Etym: [L. cohaerens, p. pr. See Cohere.]
1. Sticking together; cleaving; as the parts of bodies; solid or fluid. Arbuthnot.
2. Composed of mutually dependent parts; making a logical whole; consistent; as, a coherent plan, argument, or discourse.
3. Logically consistent; -- applied to persons; as, a coherent thinker. Watts.
4. Suitable or suited; adapted; accordant. [Obs.] Instruct my daughter how she shall persever, That time and place, with this deceit so lawful, May prove coherent. Shak.
COHERENTLY Co*her"ent*ly, adv.
Defn: In a coherent manner.
COHERER Co*her"er, n. (Elec.)
Defn: Any device in which an imperfectly conducting contact between pieces of metal or other conductors loosely resting against each other is materially improved in conductivity by the influence of Hertzian waves; -- so called by Sir O. J. Lodge in 1894 on the assumption that the impact of the electic waves caused the loosely connected parts to cohere, or weld together, a condition easily destroyed by tapping. A common form of coherer as used in wireless telegraphy consists of a tube containing filings (usually a pinch of nickel and silver filings in equal parts) between terminal wires or plugs (called conductor plugs).
COHESIBILITY Co*he`si*bil"i*ty ( or ), n.
Defn: The state of being cohesible. Good.
COHESIBLE Co*he"si*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of cohesion.
COHESION Co*he"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cohésion. See Cohere.]
1. The act or state of sticking together; close union.
2. (Physics)
Defn: That from of attraction by which the particles of a body are united throughout the mass, whether like or unlike; -- distinguished from adhesion, which unites bodies by their adjacent surfaces. Solids and fluids differ in the degree of cohesion, which, being increased, turns a fluid into a solid. Arbuthnot.
3. Logical agreement and dependence; as, the cohesion of ideas. Locke.
COHESIVE Co*he"sive, a.
1. Holding the particles of a homogeneous body together; as, cohesive attraction; producing cohesion; as, a cohesive force.
2. Cohering, or sticking together, as in a mass; capable of cohering; tending to cohere; as, cohesive clay. Cohesive attraction. See under Attraction. -- Co*he"sive*ly, adv. -- Co*he"sive*ness, n.
COHIBIT Co*hib"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cohibited; p. pr. & vb. n. Cohibiting.] Etym: [L. cohibitus, p. p. of cohibere to confine; co- + habere to hold.]
Defn: To restrain. [Obs.] Bailey.
COHIBITION Co`hi*bi"tion, n. Etym: [L. cohibitio.]
Defn: Hindrance; restraint. [Obs.]
COHOBATE Co`ho*bate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cohobated; p. pr. & vb. n. Cohobating.] Etym: [LL. cohobare; prob. of Arabic origin: cf. F. cohober.] (Anc. Chem.)
Defn: To repeat the distillation of, pouring the liquor back upon the matter remaining in the vessel. Arbuthnot.
COHOBATION Co`ho*ba"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cohobation.] (Anc. Chem.)
Defn: The process of cohobating. Grew.
COHORN Co"horn, n. (Mil.)
Defn: See Coehorn.
COHORT Co"hort, n. Etym: [L. cohors, prop. an inclosure: cf. F. cohorte. See Court, n.]
1. (Rom. Antiq.)
Defn: A body of about five or six hundred soldiers; the tenth part of a legion.
2. Any band or body of warriors. With him the cohort bright Of watchful cherubim. Milton.
3. (Bot.)
Defn: A natural group of orders of plants, less comprehensive than a class.
COHOSH Co"hosh, n. (Bot.)
Defn: A perennial American herb (Caulophyllum thalictroides), whose roostock is used in medicine; -- also called pappoose root. The name is sometimes also given to the Cimicifuga racemosa, and to two species of Actæa, plants of the Crowfoot family.
COHUNE; COHUNE PALM Co*hune", n., or Cohune palm . [Prob. fr. a native name in Honduras.]
Defn: A Central and South American pinnate-leaved palm (Attalea cohune), the very large and hard nuts of which are turned to make fancy articles, and also yield an oil used as a substitute for coconut oil.
COIF Coif (koif), n. Etym: [OF. coife, F. coiffe, LL. cofea, cuphia, fr. OHG. kuppa, kuppha, miter, perh. fr. L. cupa tub. See Cup, n. ; but cf. also Cop, Cuff the article of dress, Quoif, n.]
Defn: A cap. Specifically: (a) A close-fitting cap covering the sides of the head, like a small hood without a cape. (b) An official headdress, such as that worn by certain judges in England. [Writting also quoif.] From point and saucy ermine down To the plain coif and russet gown. H. Brocke. The judges, . . . althout they are not of the first magnitude, nor need be of the degree of the coif, yet are they considerable. Bacon.
COIF Coif (koif), v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. coiffer.]
Defn: To cover or dress with, or as with, a coif. And coif me, where I'm bald, with flowers. J. G. Cooper.
COIFED Coifed (koift), a.
Defn: Wearing a coif.
COIFFEUR Coif`feur", n. [F.]
Defn: A hairdresser.
COIFFURE Coif"fure, n. Etym: [F., fr. coiffer. See Coif.]
Defn: A headdress, or manner of dressing the hair. Addison.
COIGN Coign, n.
Defn: A var. spelling of Coin, Quoin, a corner, wedge; -- chiefly used in the phrase coign of vantage, a position advantageous for action or observation.
From some shielded nook or coign of vantage. The Century.
The lithosphere would be depressed on four faces; . . . the four projecting coigns would stand up as continents. Nature.
COIGNE Coigne (koin), n. Etym: [See Coin, n.]
Defn: A quoin. See you yound coigne of the Capitol yon corner stone Shak.
COIGNE; COIGNY Coigne, Coign"y, n.
Defn: The practice of quartering one's self as landlord on a tenant; a quartering of one's self on anybody. [Ireland] Spenser.
COIL Coil (koil), v.t. [imp. & p. p. Coiled (koild); p. pr. & vb. n. Coiling.] Etym: [OF. coillir, F. cueillir, to collect, gather together, L. coligere; col- + legere to gather. See Legend, and cf. Cull, v. t., Collect.]
1. To wind cylindrically or spirally; as, to coil a rope when not in use; the snake coiled itself before springing.
2. To encircle and hold with, or as with, coils. [Obs. or R.] T. Edwards.
COIL Coil, v. i.
Defn: To wind itself cylindrically or spirally; to form a coil; to wind; -- often with about or around. You can see his flery serpents . . . Coiting, playing in the water. Longfellow.
COIL Coil, n.
1. A ring, series of rings, or spiral, into which a rope, or other like thing, is wound. The wild grapevines that twisted their coils from trec to tree. W. Irving.
2. Fig.: Entanglement; toil; mesh; perplexity.
3. A series of connected pipes in rows or layers, as in a steam heating apparatus. Induction coil. (Elec.) See under Induction. -- Ruhmkorff's coil (Elec.), an induction coil, sometimes so called from Ruhmkorff (, a prominent manufacturer of the apparatus.
COIL Coil, n. Etym: [Of Celtic origin; cf. Gael. goil fume, rage.]
Defn: A noise, tumult, bustle, or confusion. [Obs.] Shak.
COILON Coi"lon, n. Etym: [F. See Cullion.]
Defn: A testicle. [Obs.] Chaucer.
COIN Coin (koin), n. Etym: [F. coin, formerly also coing, wedge, stamp, corner, fr. L. cuneus wedge; prob. akin to E. cone, hone. See Hone, n., and cf. Coigne, Quoin, Cuneiform.]
1. A quoin; a corner or external angle; a wegde. See Coigne, and Quoin.
2. A piece of metal on which certain characters are stamped by government authority, making it legally current as money; -- much used in a collective sense. It is alleged that it [a subsidy] exceeded all the current coin of the realm. Hallam.
3. That which serves for payment or recompense. The loss of present advantage to flesh and blood is repaid in a nobler coin. Hammond. Coin balance. See Illust. of Balance. -- To pay one in his own coin, to return to one the same kind of injury or ill treatment as has been received from him. [Colloq.]
COIN Coin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coined (koind); p. pr. & vb. n. Coining.]
1. To make of a definite fineness, and convert into coins, as a mass of metal; to mint; to manufacture; as, to coin silver dollars; to coin a medal.
2. To make or fabricate; to invent; to originate; as, to coin a word. Some tale, some new pretense, he daily coined, To soothe his sister and delude her mind. Dryden.
3. To acquire rapidly, as money; to make. Tenants cannot coin rent just at quarter day. Locke.
COIN Coin, v. i.
Defn: To manufacture counterfeit money. They cannot touch me for coining. Shak.
COINAGE Coin"age, n. Etym: [From Coin, v. t., cf. Cuinage.]
1. The act or process of converting metal into money. The care of the coinage was committed to the inferior magistrates. Arbuthnot.
2. Coins; the aggregate coin of a time or place.
3. The cost or expense of coining money.
4. The act or process of fabricating or inventing; formation; fabrication; that which is fabricated or forged. "Unnecessary coinage . . . of words." Dryden. This is the very coinage of your brain. Shak.
COINCIDE Co`in*cide", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Coincided; p. pr. & vb. n. Coinciding.] Etym: [L. co- + incidere to fall on; in + cadere to fall: cf. F. coïncider. See Chance, n.]
1. To occupy the same place in space, as two equal triangles, when placed one on the other. If the equator and the ecliptic had coincided, it would have rendered the annual revoluton of the earth useless. Cheyne.
2. To occur at the same time; to be contemporaneous; as, the fall of Granada coincided with the discovery of America.
3. To correspond exactly; to agree; to concur; as, our aims coincide. The rules of right jugdment and of good ratiocination often coincide with each other. Watts.
COINCIDENCE Co*in"ci*dence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. coïncidence.]
1. The condition of occupying the same place in space; as, the coincidence of circles, surfaces, etc. Bentley.
2. The condition or fact of happening at the same time; as, the coincidence of the deaths of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson.
3. Exact correspondence in nature, character, result, circumstances, etc.; concurrence; agreement. The very concurrence and coincidence of ao many evidences . . . carries a great weight. Sir M. Hale. Those who discourse . . . of the nature of truth . . . affirm a perfect coincidence between truth and goodness. South.
COINCIDENCY Co*in"ci*den*cy, n.
Defn: Coincidence. [R.]
COINCIDENT Co*in"ci*dent, a. Etym: [Cf. F. coïncident.]
Defn: Having coincidence; occupying the same place; contemporaneous; concurrent; -- followed by with. Christianity teaches nothing but what is perfectly suitable to, and coincident with, the ruling principles of a virtuous and well- inclined man. South.
COINCIDENT Co*in"ci*dent, n.
Defn: One of two or more coincident events; a coincidence. [R.] "Coincidents and accidents." Froude.
COINCIDENTAL Co*in`ci*den"tal, a.
Defn: Coincident.
COINCIDENTLY Co*in"ci*dent*ly, adv.
Defn: With coincidence.
COINCIDER Co`in*cid"er, n.
Defn: One who coincides with another in an opinion.
COINDICATION Co*in`di*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. coïdication.]
Defn: One of several signs or sumptoms indicating the same fact; as, a coindication of disease.
COINER Coin"er, n.
1. One who makes or stamps coin; a maker of money; -- usually, a maker of counterfeit money. Precautions such as are employed by coiners and receivers of stolen goods. Macaulay.
2. An inventor or maker, as of words. Camden.
COINHABITANT Co`in*hab"it*ant, n.
Defn: One who dwells with another, or with others. "Coinhabitants of the same element." Dr. H. More.
COINHERE Co`in*here", v. i.
Defn: To inhere or exist together, as in one substance. Sir W. Hamilton.
COINHERITANCE Co`in*her"it*ance, n.
Defn: Joint inheritance.
COINHERITOR Co`in*her"it*or, n.
Defn: A coheir.
COINITIAL Co`in*i"tial, a. (Math.)
Defn: Having a common beginning.
COINQUINATE Co*in"qui*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. coinquinatus, p. p. of coinquinare to defile. See Inquinate.]
Defn: Topollute. [Obs.] Skelton.
COINQUINATION Co*in`qui*na"tion, n.
Defn: Defilement. [Obs.]
COINSTANTANEOUS Co*in"stan*ta"ne*ous, a.
Defn: Happening at the same instant. C. Darwin.
COINSURANCE Co`in*sur"ance, n. [Co- + insurance.]
Defn: Insurance jointly with another or others; specif., that system of fire insurance in which the insurer is treated as insuring himself to the extent of that part of the risk not covered by his policy, so that any loss is apportioned between him and the insurance company on the principle of average, as in marine insurance or between other insurers.
COINTENSE Co`intense", a.
Defn: Equal in intensity or degree; as, the relations between 6 and 12, and 8 and 16, are cointense. H. Spencer.
COINTENSION Co`in*ten"sion, n.
Defn: The condition of being of equal in intensity; -- applied to relations; as, 3 : 6 and 6 : 12 are relations of cointension. Cointension . . . is chosen indicate the equality of relations in respect of the contrast between their terms. H. Spencer.
COIR Coir (koir), n. Etym: [Tamil kayiru.]
1. A material for cordage, matting, etc., consisting of the prepared fiber of the outer husk of the cocoanut. Homans.
2. Cordage or cables, made of this material.
COISTRIL Cois"tril, n. Etym: [Prob. from OF. coustillier groom or lad. Cf. Custrel.]
1. An inferior groom or lad employed by an esquire to carry the knight's arms and other necessaries. [Written also coistrel.]
2. A mean, paltry fellow; a coward. [Obs.] Shak.
COIT Coit (koit), n. Etym: [See Quoit.]
Defn: A quoit. [Obs.] Carew.
COIT Coit, v. t.
Defn: To throw, as a stone. [Obs.] See Quoit.
COITION Co*i"tion, n. Etym: [L. coitio, fr. coire to come together; co- + ire to go.]
Defn: A coming together; sexual intercourse; copulation. Grew.
COJOIN Co*join", v. t.
Defn: To join; to conjoin. [R.] Shak.
COJUROR Co*ju"ror, n.
Defn: One who swears to another's credibility. W. Wotton.
COKE Coke, n. Etym: [Perh. akin to cake, n.]
Defn: Mineral coal charred, or depriver of its bitumen, sulphur, or other volatile matter by roasting in a kiln or oven, or by distillation, as in gas works. It is lagerly used where [Written also coak.] Gas coke, the coke formed in gas retorts, as distinguished from that made in ovens.
COKE Coke, v. t.
Defn: To convert into coke.
COKENAY Coke"nay, n.
Defn: A cockney. [Obs.] Chaucer.
COKERNUT Co"ker*nut`, n. (Com.)
Defn: The cocoanut.
Note: A mode of spelling introduced by the London customhouse to distinguish more widely between this and other articles spelt much in the same manner.
COKES Cokes, n. Etym: [OE. Cf. Coax.]
Defn: A simpleton; a gull; a dupe. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
COKEWOLD Coke"wold, n.
Defn: Cuckold. [Obs.] Chaucer.
COL; COL- Col
Defn: - (with, together. See Com-.
COL Col, n. Etym: [F., neck, fr. L. collum neck.]
Defn: A short ridge connecting two higher elevations or mountains; the pass over such a ridge.
COLA Co"la, n. [NL., fr. a native name.] (Bot.) (a) A genus of sterculiaceous trees, natives of tropical Africa, esp. Guinea, but now naturalized in tropical America, esp. in the West Indies and Brazil. (b) Same as Cola nut, below.
COLA Co"la, n.,
Defn: L. pl. of Colon.
COLABORER Co*la"bor*er, n.
Defn: One who labors with another; an associate in labor.
COLANDER Col"an*der, n. Etym: [L. colans, -antis, p. pr. of colare to filter, to strain, fr. colum a strainer. Cf. Cullis, Culvert.]
Defn: A utensil with a bottom perforated with little holes for straining liquids, mashed vegetable pulp, etc.; a strainer of wickerwork, perfprated metal, or the like.
COLA NUT; COLA SEED Cola nut, Cola seed. (Bot.)
Defn: The bitter fruit of Cola acuminata, which is nearly as large as a chestnut, and furnishes a stimulant, which is used in medicine.
COLATION Co*la"tion, n. Etym: [See Colander.]
Defn: The act or process of straining or filtering. [R.]
COLATITUDE Co*lat"i*tude (; 134), n. Etym: [Formed like cosine. See Cosine.]
Defn: The complement of the latitude, or the difference between any latitude and ninety degrees.
COLATURE Col"a*ture, n. Etym: [L. colatura, from colare: cf. F. colature. See Colander.]
Defn: The process of straining; the matter strained; a strainer. [R.]
COLBERTINE Col"ber*tine, n. Etym: [From Jean Baptiste Colbert, a minister of Louis XIV., who encouraged the lace manufacture in France.]
Defn: A kind of lace. [Obs.] Pinners edged with colbertine. Swift. Difference rose between Mechlin, the queen of lace, and colbertine. Young.
COLCHICINE Col"chi*cine ( or ), n. Etym: [Cf. F. colchicine.] (Chem.)
Defn: A powerful vegetable alkaloid, C17H19NO5, extracted from the Colchicum autumnale, or meadow saffron, as a white or yellowish amorphous powder, with a harsh, bitter taste; -- called also colchicia.
COLCHICUM Col"chi*cum, n. Etym: [L., a plant with a poisonous root, fr. Colchicus Colchian, fr. Colchis, Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of bulbous-rooted plants found in many parts of Europe, including the meadow saffron.
Note: Preparations made from the poisonous bulbs and seeds, and perhaps from the flowers, of the Colchicum autumnale (meadow saffron) are used as remedies for gout and rheumatism.
COLCOTHAR Col"co*thar, n. Etym: [NL. colcothar vitrioli, fr. Ar. qolqotar.] (Chem.)
Defn: Polishing rouge; a reddish brown oxide of iron, used in polishing glass, and also as a pigment; -- called also crocus Martis.
COLD Cold, a. [Compar. Colder; superl. Coldest.] Etym: [OE. cold, cald, AS. cald, ceald; akin to OS. kald, D. koud, G. kalt, Icel. kaldr, Dan. kold, Sw. kall, Goth. kalds, L. gelu frost, gelare to freeze. Orig. p. p. of AS. calan to be cold, Icel. kala to freeze. Cf. Cool, a., Chill, n.]
1. Deprived of heat, or having a low temperature; not warm or hot; gelid; frigid. "The snowy top of cold Olympis." Milton.
2. Lacking the sensation of warmth; suffering from the absence of heat; chilly; shivering; as, to be cold.
3. Not pungent or acrid. "Cold plants." Bacon
4. Wanting in ardor, intensity, warmth, zeal, or passion; spiritless; unconcerned; reserved. A cold and unconcerned spectator. T. Burnet. No cold relation is a zealous citizen. Burke.
5. Unwelcome; disagreeable; unsatisfactory. "Cold news for me." "Cold comfort." Shak.
6. Wanting in power to excite; dull; uninteresting. What a deal of cold business doth a man misspend the better part of life in! B. Jonson. The jest grows cold . . . when in comes on in a second scene. Addison.
7. Affecting the sense of smell (as of hunting dogs) but feebly; having lost its odor; as, a cold scent.
8. Not sensitive; not acute. Smell this business with a sense as cold As is a dead man's nose. Shak.
9. Distant; -- said, in the game of hunting for some object, of a seeker remote from the thing concealed.
10. (Paint.)
Defn: Having a bluish effect. Cf. Warm, 8. Cold abscess. See under Abscess. -- Cold blast See under Blast, n., 2. Cold blood. See under Blood, n., 8. -- Cold chill, an ague fit. Wright. -- Cold chisel, a chisel of peculiar strength and hardness, for cutting cold metal. Weale. -- Cold cream. See under Cream. -- Cold slaw. See Cole slaw. -- In cold blood, without excitement or passion; deliberately. He was slain in cold blood after thefight was over. Sir W. Scott. To give one the cold shoulder, to treat one with neglect.
Syn. -- Gelid; bleak; frigid; chill; indifferent; unconcerned; passionless; reserved; unfeeling; stoical.
COLD Cold, n.
1. The relative absence of heat or warmth.
2. The sensation produced by the escape of heat; chilliness or chillness. When she saw her lord prepared to part, A deadly cold ran shivering to her heart. Dryden.
3. (Med.)
Defn: A morbid state of the animal system produced by exposure to cold or dampness; a catarrh. Cold sore (Med.), a vesicular eruption appearing about the mouth as the result of a cold, or in the course of any disease attended with fever. -- To leave one out in the cold, to overlook or neglect him. [Colloq.] Cold, v. i.
Defn: To become cold. [Obs.] Chaucer.
COLD-BLOODED Cold"-blood`ed, a.
1. Having cold blood; -- said of fish or animals whose blood is but little warmer than the water or air about them.
2. Deficient in sensibility or feeling; hard-hearted.
3. Not thoroughbred; -- said of animals, as horses, which are derived from the common stock of a country.
COLDFINCH Cold"finch`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A British wagtail.
COLD-HEARTED Cold"-heart`ed, a.
Defn: Wanting passion or feeling; indifferent. -- Cold"-heart`ed*ness, n.
COLDISH Cold"ish, a.
Defn: Somewhat cold; cool; chilly.
COLDLY Cold"ly, adv.
Defn: In a cold manner; without warmth, animation, or feeling; with indifference; calmly. Withdraw unto some private place, And reason coldly of your grievances. Shak.
COLDNESS Cold"ness, n.
Defn: The state or quality of being cold.
COLD-SHORT Cold"-short`, a.
Defn: Brittle when cold; as, cold-short iron.
COLD-SHUT Cold"-shut`, a. (Metal.)
Defn: Closed while too cold to become thoroughly welded; -- said of a forging or casting. -- n.
Defn: An imperfection caused by such insufficient welding.
COLD WAVE Cold" wave". (Meteor.)
Defn: In the terminology of the United States Weather Bureau, an unusual fall in temperature, to or below the freezing point, exceeding 16º in twenty-four hours or 20º in thirty-six hours, independent of the diurnal range.
COLE Cole, n. Etym: [OE. col, caul, AS. cawl, cawel, fr. L. caulis, the stalk or stem of a plant, esp. a cabbage stalk, cabbage, akin to Gr. Cauliflower, Kale.] (Bot.)
Defn: A plant of the Brassica or Cabbage genus; esp. that form of B. oleracea called rape and coleseed.
CO-LEGATEE Co-leg`a*tee", n.
Defn: A joint legatee.
COLEGOOSE Cole"goose`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Coalgoose.
COLEMANITE Cole"man*ite, n. Etym: [From W.T. Coleman of San Francisco.] (Min.)
Defn: A hydrous borate of lime occurring in transparent colorless or white crystals, also massive, in Southern California.
COLEMOUSE Cole"mouse`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Coletit.
COLEOPTER Co`le*op"ter, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the Coleoptera.
COLEOPTERA Co`le*op"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: An order of insects having the anterior pair of wings (elytra) hard and horny, and serving as coverings for the posterior pair, which are membranous, and folded transversely under the others when not in use. The mouth parts form two pairs of jaws (mandibles and maxillæ) adapted for chewing. Most of the Coleoptera are known as beetles and weevils.
COLEOPTERAL; COLEOPTEROUS Co`le*op"ter*al, Co`le*op"ter*ous a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having wings covered with a case or sheath; belonging to the Coleoptera.
COLEOPTERAN Co`le*op"ter*an, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the order of Coleoptera.
COLEOPTERIST Co`le*op"ter*ist, n.
Defn: One versed in the study of the Coleoptera.
COLEORHIZA Co`le*o*rhi"za, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
Defn: A sheath in the embryo of grasses, inclosing the caulicle. Gray.
COLEPERCH Cole"perch`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A kind of small black perch.
COLERA Col"e*ra, n. Etym: [L. cholera. See Choler.]
Defn: Bile; choler. [Obs.] Chaucer.
COLERIDGIAN Cole*ridg"i*an, a.
Defn: Pertaining to Samuel Taylor Coleridge, or to his poetry or metaphysics.
COLESEED Cole"seed`, n.
Defn: The common rape or cole.
COLESLAW Cole"slaw`, n. Etym: [D. kool slaa cabbage salad.]
Defn: A salad made of sliced cabbage.
CO-LESSEE Co`-les*see", n.
Defn: A partner in a lease taen.
CO-LESSOR Co`-les*sor", n.
Defn: A partner in giving a lease.
COLESTAFF Cole"staff`, n.
Defn: See Colstaff.
COLET; COLLET Col"et, Col"letEtym: [Corrupted fr. acolyte.]
Defn: An inferior church servant. [Obs.] See Acolyte.
COLETIT; COALTIT Cole"tit` or Coal"tit, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A small European titmouse (Parus ater), so named from its black color; -- called also coalmouse and colemouse.
COLEUS Co"le*us, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: A plant of several species of the Mint family, cultivated for its bright-colored or variegated leaves.
COLEWORT Cole"wort`, n. Etym: [AS. cawlwyrt; cawl cole + wyrt wort. Cf. Collards.]
1. A variety of cabbage in which the leaves never form a compact head.
2. Any white cabbage before the head has become firm.
COLFOX Col"fox`, n.
Defn: A crafty fox. [Obs.] Chaucer.
COLIC Col"ic, n. Etym: [F. colique, fr. L. colicus sick with the colic, GR. Colon.] (Med.)
Defn: A severe paroxysmal pain in the abdomen, due to spasm, obstruction, or distention of some one of the hollow viscera. Hepatic colic, the severe pain produced by the passage of a gallstone from the liver or gall bladder through the bile duct. -- Intestinal colic, or Ordinary colic, pain due to distention of the intestines by gas. -- Lead colic, Painter's colic, a violent form of intestinal colic, associated with obstinate constipation, produced by chronic lead poisoning. -- Renal colic, the severe pain produced by the passage of a calculus from the kidney through the ureter. -- Wind colic. See Intestinal colic, above.
COLIC Col"ic, a.
1. Of or pertaining to colic; affecting the bowels. Milton.
2. (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the colon; as, the colic arteries.
COLICAL Col"ic*al, a.
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of, colic. Swift.
COLICKY Col"ick*y, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or troubled with, colic; as, a colicky disorder.
COLICROOT Col"ic*root`, n.
Defn: A bitter American herb of the Bloodwort family, with the leaves all radical, and the small yellow or white flowers in a long spike (Aletris farinosa and A. aurea). Called sometimes star grass, blackroot, blazing star, and unicorn root.
COLIN Col"in, n. Etym: [F. colin; prop. a dim. of Colas, contr. fr. Nicolas Nicholas.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The American quail or bobwhite. The name is also applied to other related species. See Bobwhite.
COLISEUM Col`i*se"um, n. Etym: [NL. (cf. It. coliseo, colosseo), fr. L. colosseus colossal, fr. colossus a colossus. See Colossus, and cf. Colosseum.]
Defn: The amphitheater of Vespasian at Rome, the largest in the world. [Written also Colosseum.]
COLITIS Co*li"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)
Defn: An inflammation of the large intestine, esp. of its mucous membrane; colonitis.
COLL Coll, v. t. Etym: [OF. coler, fr. L. collum neck.]
Defn: To embrace. [Obs.] "They coll and kiss him." Latimer.
COLLABORATEUR Col*la`bo*ra*teur", n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: See Collaborator.
COLLABORATION Col*lab`o*ra"tion, n.
Defn: The act ofworking together; united labor.
COLLABORATOR Col*lab"o*ra`tor, n. Etym: [L. collaborare to labor together; col- + laborare to labor: cf. F. collaborateur.]
Defn: An associate in labor, especially in literary or scientific labor.
COLLAGEN Col"la*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Defn: The chemical basis of ordinary connective tissue, as of tendons or sinews and of bone. On being boiled in water it becomes gelatin or glue.
COLLAGENOUS Col*lag"e*nous, a. (Physiol.)
Defn: Containing or resembling collagen.
COLLAPSE Col*lapse", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Collapsed; p. pr. & vb. n. Collapsing] Etym: [L. collapsus, p. p. of collabi to collapse; col- + labi to fall, slide. See Lapse.]
1. To fall together suddenly, as the sides of a hollow vessel; to close by falling or shrinking together; to have the sides or parts of (a thing) fall in together, or be crushed in together; as, a flue in the boiler of a steam engine sometimes collapses. A balloon collapses when the gas escapes from it. Maunder.
2. To fail suddenly and completely, like something hollow when subject to too much pressure; to undergo a collapse; as, Maximilian's government collapsed soon after the French army left Mexico; many financial projects collapse after attaining some success and importance.
COLLAPSE Col*lapse", n.
1. A falling together suddenly, as of the sides of a hollow vessel.
2. A sudden and complete failure; an utter failure of any kind; a breakdown. [Colloq.]
3. (Med.)
Defn: Extreme depression or sudden failing o
COLLAPSION Col*lap"sion, n. Etym: [L. collapsio.]
Defn: Collapse. [R.] Johnson.
COLLAR Col"lar, n. Etym: [OE. coler, coller, OF. colier, F. collier, necklace, collar, fr. OF. col neck, F. cou, fr. L. collum; akin to AS. heals, G. & Goth. hals. Cf. Hals, n.]
1. Something worn round the neck, whether for use, ornament, restraint, or identification; as, the collar of a coat; a lady's collar; the collar of a dog.
2. (Arch.) (a) A ring or cinture. (b) A collar beam.
3. (Bot.)
Defn: The neck or line of junction between the root of a plant and its stem. Gray.
4. An ornament worn round the neck by knights, having on it devises to designate their rank or order.
5. (Zoöl.) (a) A ringlike part of a mollusk in connection with esophagus. (b) A colored ring round the neck of a bird or mammal.
6. (Mech.)
Defn: A ring or round flange upon, surrounding, or against an object, and used for rastraining motion within given limits, or for holding something to its place, or for hibing an opening around an object; as, a collar on a shaft, used to prevent endwise motion of the shaft; a collar surrounding a stovepipe at the place where it enters a wall. The flanges of a piston and the gland of a stuffing box are sometimes called collars.
7. (Naut.)
Defn: An eye formed in the bight or bend of a shroud or stay to go over the masthead; also, a rope to which certain parts of rigging, as dead-eyes, are secured.
8. (Mining)
Defn: A curb, or a horizontal timbering, around the mouth of a shaft. Raymond. Collar beam (Arch.), a horizontal piece of timber connecting and tying together two opposite rafters; -- also, called simply collar. -- Collar of brawn, the quantity of brawn bound up in one parcel. [Eng.] Johnson. -- Collar day, a day of great ceremony at the English court, when persons, who are dignitaries of honorary orders, wear the collars of those orders. -- To slip the collar, to get free; to disentangle one's self from difficulty, labor, or engagement. Spenser.
COLLAR Col"lar, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Collared; p. pr. & vb. n. Collaring.]
1. To seize by the collar.
2. To put a collar on. To collar beef (or other meat), to roll it up, and bind it close with a string preparatory to cooking it.
COLLAR BONE Col"lar bone`. (Anat.)
Defn: The clavicle.
COLLARDS Col"lards, n., pl. Etym: [Corrupted fr. colewort.]
Defn: Young cabbage, used as "greens"; esp. a kind cultivated for that purpose; colewort. [Colloq. Souther U. S.]
COLLARED Col"lared, a.
1. Wearing a collar. "Collared with gold." Chaucer.
2. (Her.)
Defn: Wearing a collar; -- said of a man or beast used as a bearing when a collar is represented as worn around the neck or loins.
3. Rolled up and bound close with a string; as, collared beef. See To collar beef, under Collar, v. t.
COLLARET; COLLARETTE Col`lar*et", Col`la*rette", n. [F. collerette, dim. of collier. See Collar.]
Defn: A small collar; specif., a woman's collar of lace, fur, or other fancy material.
COLLATABLE Col*lat"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being collated. Coleridge.
COLLATE Col*late", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Collated; p. pr. & vb. n. Collating.] Etym: [From Collation.]
1. To compare critically, as books or manuscripts, in order to note the points of agreement or disagreement. I must collage it, word, with the original Hebrew. Coleridge.
2. To gather and place in order, as the sheets of a book for binding.
3. (Eccl.)
Defn: To present and institute in a benefice, when the person presenting is both the patron and the ordinary; -- followed by to.
4. To bestow or confer. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
COLLATE Col*late", v. i. (Ecl.)
Defn: To place in a benefice, when the person placing is both the patron and the ordinary. If the bishop neglets to collate within six months, the right to do it devolves on the archbishop. Encyc. Brit.
COLLATERAL Col*lat"er*al, a. Etym: [LL. collateralis; col- + lateralis lateral. See Lateral.]
1. Coming from, being on, or directed toward, the side; as, collateral pressure. "Collateral light." Shak.
2. Acting in an indirect way. If by direct or by collateral hand They find us touched, we will our kingdom give . . . To you in satisfaction. Shak.
3. Related to, but not strictly a part of, the main thing or matter under consideration; hence, subordinate; not chief or principal; as, collateral interest; collateral issues. That he [Attebury] was altogether in the wrong on the main question, and on all the collateral questions springing out of it, . . . is true. Macaulay.
4. Tending toward the same conclusion or result as something else; additional; as, collateral evidence. Yet the attempt may give Collateral interest to this homely tale. Wordsworth.
5. (Genealogy)
Defn: Descending from the same stock or ancestor, but not in the same line or branch or one from the other; -- opposed to lineal.
Note: Lineal descendants proceed one from another in a direct line; collateral relations spring from a common ancestor, but from different branches of that common stirps or stock. Thus the children of brothers are collateral relations, having different fathers, but a common grandfather. Blackstone.
Collateral assurance, that which is made, over and above the deed itself. -- Collateral circulation (Med. & Physiol.), circulation established through indirect or subordinate branches when the supply through the main vessel is obstructed. -- Collateral issue. (Law) (a) An issue taken upon a matter aside from the merits of the case. (b) An issue raised by a criminal convict who pleads any matter allowed by law in bar of execution, as pardon, diversity of person, etc. (c) A point raised, on cross- examination, aside from the issue fixed by the pleadings, as to which the answer of the witness, when given, cannot subsequently be contradicted by the party asking the question. -- Collateral security, security for the performance of covenants, or the payment of money, besides the principal security,
COLLATERAL Col*lat"er*al, n.
1. A collateral relative. Ayliffe.
2. Collateral security; that which is pledged or deposited as collateral security.
COLLATERALLY Col*lat"er*al*ly, adv.
1. Side by side; by the side. These pulleys . . . placed collaterally. Bp. Wilkins.
2. In an indirect or subordinate manner; indirectly. The will hath force upon the conscience collaterally and indirectly. Jer. Taylor.
3. In collateral relation; not lineally.
COLLATERALNESS Col*lat"er*al*ness, n.
Defn: The state of being collateral.
COLLATION Col*la"tion, n. Etym: [OE. collacioun speech, conference, reflection, OF. collacion, F. collation, fr. L. collatio a bringing together, comparing, fr. collatum (used as the supine of conferre); col- + latium (used as the supine of ferre to bear), for tlatum. See Tolerate, v. t.]
1. The act of collating or comparing; a comparison of one copy er thing (as of a book, or manuscript) with another of a like kind; comparison, in general. Pope.
2. (Print.)
Defn: The gathering and examination of sheets preparatory to binding.
3. The act of conferring or bestowing. [Obs.] Not by the collation of the king . . . but by the people. Bacon.
4. A conference. [Obs.] Chaucer.
5. (Eccl. Law)
Defn: The presentation of a clergyman to a benefice by a bishop, who has it in his own gift.
6. (Law) (a) The act of comparing the copy of any paper with its original to ascertain its conformity. (b) The report of the act made by the proper officers.
7. (Scots Law)
Defn: The right which an heir has of throwing the whole heritable and movable estates of the deceased into one mass, and sharing it equaly with others who are of the same degree of kindred.
Note: This also obtains in the civil law, and is found in the code of Louisiana. Bouvier.
8. (Eccles.)
Defn: A collection of the Lives of the Fathers or other devout work read daily in monasteries.
9. A light repast or luncheon; as, a cold collation; -- first applied to the refreshment on fast days that accompanied the reading of the collation in monasteries. A collation of wine and sweetmeats. Whiston. Collation of seals (Old Law), a method of ascertaining the genuineness of a seal by comparing it with another known to be genuine. Bouvier.
COLLATION Col*la"tion, v. i.
Defn: To partake of a collation. [Obs.] May 20, 1658, I . . . collationed in Spring Garden. Evelyn.
COLLATIONER Col*la"tion*er, n. (Print.)
Defn: One who examines the sheets of a book that has just been printed, to ascertain whether they are correctly printed, paged, etc. [Eng.]
COLLATITIOUS Col`la*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. collatitius. See Collation.]
Defn: Brought together; contributed; done by contributions. [Obs.] Bailey.
COLLATIVE Col*la"tive, a. Etym: [L. collativus brought together. ]
Defn: Passing or held by collation; -- said of livings of which the bishop and the patron are the same person.
COLLATOR Col*la"tor, n. Etym: [L.]
1. One who collates manuscripts, books, etc. Addison.
2. (Eccl. Law)
Defn: One who collates to a benefice.
3. One who confers any benefit. [Obs.] Feltham.
COLLAUD Col*laud", v. t. Etym: [L. collaudare; col- + laudare to praise.]
Defn: To join in praising. [Obs.] Howell.
COLLEAGUE Col"league, n. Etym: [F. coll*gue, L. collega one chosen at the same time with another, a partner in office; col- + legare to send or choose as deputy. See Legate.]
Defn: A partner or associate in some civil or ecclesiastical office or employment. It is never used of partners in trade or manufactures.
Syn. -- Helper; assistant; coadjutor; ally; associate; companion; confederate.
COLLEAGUE Col*league", v.t & i.
Defn: To unite or associate with another or with others. [R.] Shak.
COLLEAGUESHIP Col"league*ship, n.
Defn: Partnership in office. Milton.
COLLECT Col*lect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Collected; p. pr. & vb. n. Collecting.] Etym: [L. collecrus, p. p. of collerige to bind together; col- + legere to gather: cf. OF. collecter. See Legend, and cf. Coil, v. t., Cull, v. t.]
1. To gather into one body or place; to assemble or bring together; to obtain by gathering. A band of men Collected choicely from each country. Shak. 'Tis memory alone that enriches the mind, by preserving what our labor and industry daily collect. Watts.
2. To demand and obtain payment of, as an account, or other indebtedness; as, to collect taxes.
3. To infer from observed facts; to conclude from premises. [Archaic.] Shak. Which sequence, I conceive, is very ill collected. Locke. To collect one's self, to recover from surprise, embarrassment, or fear; to regain self-control.
Syn. -- To gather; assemble; congregate; muster; accumulate; garner; aggregate; amass; infer; deduce.
COLLECT Col*lect", v. i.
1. To assemble together; as, the people collected in a crowd; to accumulate; as, snow collects in banks.
2. To infer; to conclude. [Archaic] Whence some collect that the former word imports a plurality of persons. South.
COLLECT Col"lect, n. Etym: [LL. collecta, fr. L. collecta a collection in money; an assemblage, fr. collerige: cf. F. collecte. See Collect, v. t.]
Defn: A short, comprehensive prayer, adapted to a particular day, occasion, or condition, and forming part of a liturgy. The noble poem on the massacres of Piedmont is strictly a collect in verse. Macaulay.
COLLECTANEA Col`lec*ta"ne*a, n. pl. Etym: [Neut. pl. from L. collectaneus collected, fr. colligere. See Collect, v. t.]
Defn: Passages selected from various authors, usually for purposes of instruction; miscellany; anthology.
COLLECTED Col*lect"ed, a.
1. Gathered together.
2. Self-possessed; calm; composed.
COLLECTEDLY Col*lect"ed*ly, adv.
Defn: Composedly; coolly.
COLLECTEDNESS Col*lect"ed*ness, n.
Defn: A collected state of the mind; self-possession.
COLLECTIBLE Col*lect"i*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being collected.
COLLECTION Col*lec"tion, n. Etym: [L. collectio: cf. F. collection.]
1. The act or process of collecting or of gathering; as, the collection of specimens.
2. That which is collected; as: (a) A gathering or assemblage of objects or of persons. "A collection of letters." Macaulay. (b) A gathering of money for charitable or other purposes, as by passing a contribution box for freewill offerings. "The collection for the saints." 1 Cor. xvi. 1 (c) (Usually in pl.) That which is obtained in payment of demands. (d) An accumulation of any substance. "Collections of moisture." Whewell. "A purulent collection." Dunglison.
3. The act of inferring or concluding from premises or observed facts; also, that which is inferred. [Obs.] We may safely say thus, that wrong collections have been hitherto made out of those words by modern divines. Milton.
4. The jurisdiction of a collector of excise. [Eng.]
Syn. -- Gathering; assembly; assemblage; group; crowd; congregation; mass; heap; compilation.
COLLECTIONAL Col*lec"tion*al (-al), a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to collecting. The first twenty-five [years] must have been wasted for collectional purposes. H. A. Merewether.
COLLECTIVE Col*lect"ive, a. Etym: [L. collectivus: cf. F. collectif.]
1. Formed by gathering or collecting; gathered into a mass, sum, or body; congregated or aggregated; as, the collective body of a nation. Bp. Hoadley.
2. Deducing consequences; reasoning; inferring. [Obs.] "Critical and collective reason." Sir T. Browne.
3. (Gram.)
Defn: Expressing a collection or aggregate of individuals, by a singular form; as, a collective name or noun, like assembly, army, juri, etc.
4. Tending to collect; forming a collection. Local is his throne . . . to fix a point, A central point, collective of his sons. Young.
5. Having plurality of origin or authority; as, in diplomacy, a note signed by the representatives of several governments is called a collective note. Collective fruit (Bot.), that which is formed from a mass of flowers, as the mulberry, pineapple, and the like; -- called also multiple fruit. Gray.
COLLECTIVE Col*lect"ive, n. (Gram.)
Defn: A collective noun or name.
COLLECTIVELY Col*lect"ive*ly, adv.
Defn: In a mass, or body; in a collected state; in the aggregate; unitedly.
COLLECTIVENESS Col*lect"ive*ness, n.
Defn: A state of union; mass.
COLLECTIVISM Col*lect"iv*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. collectivisme.] (Polit. Econ.)
Defn: The doctrine that land and capital should be owned by society collectively or as a whole; communism. W. G. Summer.
COLLECTIVIST Col*lect"iv*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. collectiviste.]
Defn: An advocate of collectivism. -- a.
Defn: Relating to, or characteristic of, collectivism.
COLLECTIVITY Col`lec*tiv"i*ty, n.
1. Quality or state of being collective.
2. The collective sum. aggregate, or mass of anything; specif., the people as a body; the state.
The proposition to give work by the collectivity is supposed to be in contravention of the sacred principle of monopolistic competition. W. D. Howells.
3. (Polit. Econ.) Collectivism.
COLLECTOR Col*lect"or, n. Etym: [LL. collector one who collects: cf. F. collecteur.]
1. One who collects things which are separate; esp., one who makes a business or practice of collecting works of art, objects in natural history, etc.; as, a collector of coins. I digress into Soho to explore a bookstall. Methinks I have been thirty years a collector. Lamb.
2. A compiler of books; one who collects scattered passages and puts them together in one book. Volumes without the collector's own reflections. Addison.
3. (Com.)
Defn: An officer appointed and commissioned to collect and receive customs, duties, taxes, or toll. A great part of this is now embezzled . . . by collectors, and other officers. Sir W. Temple.
4. One authorized to collect debts.
5. A bachelor of arts in Oxford, formerly appointed to superintend some scholastic proceedings in Lent. Todd.
COLLECTORATE Col*lect"or*ate, n.
Defn: The district of a collector of customs; a collectorship.
COLLECTORSHIP Col*lect"or*ship, n.
Defn: The office of a collector of customs or of taxes.
COLLEEN Col*leen", n. [Ir. cailin.]
Defn: A girl; a maiden. [Anglo-Irish]
Of all the colleens in the land Sweet Mollie is the daisy. The Century.
COLLEGATARY Col*leg"a*ta*ry, n. Etym: [L. collegetarius. See Legatary.] (Law)
Defn: A joint legatee.
COLLEGE Col"lege, n. Etym: [F. collège, L. collegium, fr. collega colleague. See Colleague.]
1. A collection, body, or society of persons engaged in common pursuits, or having common duties and interests, and sometimes, by charter, peculiar rights and privileges; as, a college of heralds; a college of electors; a college of bishops. The college of the cardinals. Shak. Then they made colleges of sufferers; persons who, to secure their inheritance in the world to come, did cut off all their portion in this. Jer. Taylor.
2. A society of scholars or friends of learning, incorporated for study or instruction, esp. in the higher branches of knowledge; as, the colleges of Oxford and Cambridge Universities, and many American colleges.
Note: In France and some other parts of continental Europe, college is used to include schools occupied with rudimentary studies, and receiving children as pupils.
3. A building, or number of buildings, used by a college. "The gate of Trinity College." Macaulay.
4. Fig.: A community. [R.] Thick as the college of the bees in May. Dryden. College of justice, a term applied in Scotland to the supreme civil courts and their principal officers. -- The sacred college, the college or cardinals at Rome.
COLLEGIAL Col*le"gi*al, n. Etym: [LL. collegialis.]
Defn: Collegiate. [R.]
COLLEGIAN Col*le"gi*an, n.
Defn: A member of a college, particularly of a literary institution so called; a student in a college.
COLLEGIATE Col*le"gi*ate, a. Etym: [L. collegiatus.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to a college; as, collegiate studies; a collegiate society. Johnson. Collegiate church. (a) A church which, although not a bishop's seat, resembles a cathedral in having a college, or chapter of canons (and, in the Church of England, a dean), as Westminster Abbey. (b) An association of churches, possessing common revenues and administered under the joint pastorate of several ministers; as, the Reformed (Dutch) Collegiate Church of New York.
COLLEGIATE Col*le"gi*ate, n.
Defn: A member of a college. Burton.
COLLEMBOLA Col*lem"bo*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The division of Thysanura which includes Podura, and allied forms.
COLLENCHYMA Col*len"chy*ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. parenchyma.] (Bot.)
Defn: A tissue of vegetable cells which are thickend at the angles and (usually) elongated.
COLLET Col"let, n. Etym: [F. collet, dim. fr. L. collum neck. See Collar.]
1. A small collar or neckband. Foxe.
2. (Mech.)
Defn: A small metal ring; a small collar fastened on an arbor; as, the collet on the balance arbor of a watch; a small socket on a stem, for holding a drill.
3. (Jewelry) (a) The part of a ring containing the bezel in which the stone is set. (b) The flat table at the base of a brilliant. See Illust. of Brilliant. How full the collet with his jewel is! Cowley.
COLLETERIAL Col`le*te"ri*al, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the colleterium of insects. R. Owen.
COLLETERIUM Col`le*te"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Colletic.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: An organ of female insects, containing a cement to unite the ejected ova.
COLLETIC Col*let"ic, a. Etym: [L. colleticus suitable for gluing, Gr.
Defn: Agglutinant. -- n.
Defn: An agglutinant.
COLLEY Col"ley, n.
Defn: See Collie.
COLLIDE Col*lide", v. i. Etym: [L. collidere, collisum; col- + laedere to strike. See Lesion.]
Defn: To strike or dash against each other; to come into collision; to clash; as, the vessels collided; their interests collided. Across this space the attraction urges them. They collide, they recoil, they oscillate. Tyndall. No longer rocking and swaying, but clashing and colliding. Carlyle.
COLLIDE Col*lide", v. t.
Defn: To strike or dash against. [Obs.] Scintillations are . . . inflammable effluencies from the bodies collided. Sir T. Browne.
COLLIDINE Col"li*dine, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)
Defn: One of a class of organic bases, C8H11N, usually pungent oily liquids, belonging to the pyridine series, and obtained from bone oil, coal tar, naphtha, and certain alkaloids.
COLLIE Col"lie, n. Etym: [Gael. cuilean whelp, puppy, dog.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The Scotch shepherd dog. There are two breeds, the rough-haired and smooth-haired. It is remarkable for its intelligence, displayed especially in caring for flocks. [Written also colly, colley.]
COLLIED Col"lied, p. & a.
Defn: Darkened. See Colly, v. t.
COLLIER Col"lier, n. Etym: [OE. colier. See Coal.]
1. One engaged in the business of digging mineral coal or making charcoal, or in transporting or dealing in coal.
2. A vessel employed in the coal trade.
COLLIERY Col"lier*y, n.; pl. Collieries. Etym: [Cf. Coalery, Collier.]
1. The place where coal is dug; a coal mine, and the buildings, etc., belonging to it.
2. The coal trade. [Obs.] Johnson.
COLLIFLOWER Col"li*flow`er, n.
Defn: See Cauliflower.
COLLIGATE Col"li*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Colligated; p. pr. & vb. n. Colligating.] Etym: [L. colligatus, p. p. of colligare to collect; co- + ligare to bind.]
1. To tie or bind together. The pieces of isinglass are colligated in rows. Nicholson.
2. (Logic)
Defn: To bring together by colligation; to sum up in a single proposition. He had discovered and colligated a multitude of the most wonderful . . . phenomena. Tundall.
COLLIGATE Col"li*gate, a.
Defn: Bound together.
COLLIGATION Col`li*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. colligatio.]
1. A binding together. Sir T. Browne.
2. (Logic)
Defn: That process by which a number of isolated facts are brought under one conception, or summed up in a general proposition, as when Kepler discovered that the various observed positions of the planet Mars were points in an ellipse. "The colligation of facts." Whewell. Colligation is not always induction, but induction is always colligation. J. S. Mill.
COLLIMATE Col"li*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Collimated; p. p. & vb. n. Collimating.] Etym: [See Collimation.] (Physics & Astron.)
Defn: To render parallel to a certain line or direction; to bring into the same line, as the axes of telescopes, etc.; to render parallel, as rays of light.
Collimating eyepiece, an eyepiece with a diagonal reflector for illumination, used to determine the error of collimation in a transit instrument by observing the image of a cross wire reflected from mercury, and comparing its position in the field with that of the same wire seen directly. -- Collimating lens (Optics), a lens used for producing parallel rays of light.
COLLIMATION Col`li*ma"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. collimation, fr. a false reading (collimare) for L. collineare to direct in a straight line; col- + linea line. Cf. Collineation.]
Defn: The act of collimating; the adjustment of the line of the sights, as the axial line of the telescope of an instrument, into its proper position relative to the other parts of the instrument. Error of collimation, the deviation of the line collimation of an astronomical instrument from the position it ought to have with respect to the axis of motion of the instrument. -- Line of collimation, the axial line of the telescope of an astronomical or geodetic instrument, or the line which passes through the optical center of the object glass and the intersection of the cross wires at its focus.
COLLIMATOR Col"li*ma`tor, n.
1. (Astron.)
Defn: A telescope arranged and used to determine errors of collimation, both vertical and horizontal. Nichol.
2. (Optics)
Defn: A tube having a convex lens at one end and at the other a small opening or slit which is at the principal focus of the lens, used for producing a beam of parallel rays; also, a lens so used.
COLLIN Col"lin, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: A very pure form of gelatin.
COLLINE Col"line, n. Etym: [F. colline, fr. L. collis a hill.]
Defn: A small hill or mount. [Obs.] And watered park, full of fine collines and ponds. Evelyn.
COLLINEATION Col*lin`e*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. collineare to direct in a straight line. See Collimation.]
Defn: The act of aiming at, or directing in a line with, a fixed object. [R.] Johnson.
COLLING Coll"ing, n. Etym: [From Coll, v. t.]
Defn: An embrace; dalliance. [Obs.] Halliwell.
COLLINGLY Coll"ing*ly, adv.
Defn: With embraces. [Obs.] Gascoigne.
COLLINGUAL Col*lin"gual, a.
Defn: Having, or pertaining to, the same language.
COLLIQUABLE Col*liq"ua*ble, a.
Defn: Liable to melt, grow soft, or become fluid. [Obs.] Harvey.
COLLIQUAMENT Col*liq"ua*ment, n.
Defn: The first rudiments of an embryo in generation. Dr. H. More.
COLLIQUATE Col"li*quate, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Colliquated; p. pr. & vb. n. Colliquating.] Etym: [Pref. col- + L. liquare, liquatum, to melt.]
Defn: To change from solid to fluid; to make or become liquid; to melt. [Obs.] The ore of it is colliquated by the violence of the fire. Boyle. [Ice] will colliquate in water or warm oil. Sir T. Browne.
COLLIQUATION Col`li*qua"tion, n.
1. A melting together; the act of melting; fusion. When sand and ashes are well melted together and suffered to cool, there is generated, by the colliquation, that sort of concretion we call "glass". Boyle.
2. (Med.)
Defn: A processive wasting or melting away of the solid parts of the animal system with copious excretions of liquids by one or more passages. [Obs.]
COLLIQUATIVE Col*liq"ua*tive, a.
Defn: Causing rapid waste or exhaustion; melting; as, collequative sweats.
COLLIQUEFACTION Col*liq`ue*fac"tion, n. Etym: [L. colliquefactus melted; col- + liquefacere; liquere to be liquid + facere to make.]
Defn: A melting together; the reduction of different bodies into one mass by fusion. The incorporation of metals by simple colliquefaction. Bacon.
COLLISH Col"lish, n. (Shoemaking)
Defn: A tool to polish the edge of a sole. Knight.
COLLISION Col*li"sion, n. Etym: [L. collisio, fr. collidere. See Collide.]
1. The act of striking together; a striking together, as of two hard bodies; a violent meeting, as of railroad trains; a clashing.
2. A state of opposition; antagonism; interference. The collision of contrary false principles. Bp. Warburton. Sensitive to the most trifling collisions. W. Irving.
Syn. -- Conflict; clashing; encounter; opposition.
COLLISIVE Col*li"sive, a.
Defn: Colliding; clashing. [Obs.]
COLLITIGANT Col*lit"i*gant, a.
Defn: Disputing or wrangling. [Obs.] -- n.
Defn: One who litigates or wrangles. [Obs.]
COLLOCATE Col"lo*cate, a. Etym: [L. collocatus, p. p. of collocare. See Couch.]
Defn: Set; placed. [Obs.] Bacon.
COLLOCATE Col"lo*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Collocated; p. pr. & vb. n. Collocating.]
Defn: To set or place; to set; to station. To marshal and collocate in order his battalions. E. Hall.
COLLOCATION Col`lo*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. collocatio.]
Defn: The act of placing; the state of being placed with something else; disposition in place; arrangement. The choice and collocation of words. Sir W. Jones.
COLLOCUTION Col`lo*cu"tion, n. Etym: [L. collocutio, fr. colloqui, -locutum, to converse; col- + loqui to speak. See Loquacious.]
Defn: A speaking or conversing together; conference; mutual discourse. Bailey.
COLLOCUTOR Col"lo*cu`tor, n. Etym: [L. collocutor]
Defn: One of the speakers in a dialogue. Derham.
COLLODION Col*lo"di*on, n. Etym: [Gr. Colloid.] (Chem.)
Defn: A solution of pyroxylin (soluble gun cotton) in ether containing a varying proportion of alcohol. It is strongly adhesive, and is used by surgeons as a containing for wounds; but its chief application is as a vehicle for the sensitive film in photography. Collodion process (Photog.), a process in which a film of sensitized collodion is used in preparing the plate for taking a picture. -- Styptic collodion, collodion containing an astringent, as tannin.
COLLODIONIZE Col*lo"di*on*ize, v. t.
Defn: To prepare or treat with collodion. R. Hunt.
COLLODIOTYPE Col*lo"di*o*type, n.
Defn: A picture obtained by the collodion process; a melanotype or ambrotype.
COLLODIUM Col*lo"di*um, n.
Defn: See Collodion.
COLLOGUE Col*logue", v. i. Etym: [Cf. L. colloqui and E. dialogue. Cf. Collocution.]
Defn: To talk or confer secretly and confidentially; to converse, especially with evil intentions; to plot mischief. [Archaic or Colloq.] Pray go in; and, sister, salve the matter, Collogue with her again, and all shall be well. Greene. He had been colloguing with my wife. Thackeray.
COLLOID Col"loid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid. Cf. Collodion.]
Defn: Resembling glue or jelly; characterized by a jellylike appearance; gelatinous; as, colloid tumors.
COLLOID Col"loid, n.
1. (Physiol. Chem.)
Defn: A substance (as albumin, gum, gelatin, etc.) which is of a gelatinous rather than a crystalline nature, and which diffuses itself through animal membranes or vegetable parchment more slowly than crystalloids do; -- opposed to crystalloid.
2. (Med.)
Defn: A gelatinous substance found in colloid degeneration and colloid cancer. Styptic colloid (Med.), a preparation of astringent and antiseptic substances with some colloid material, as collodion, for ready use.
COLLOIDAL Col*loid"al, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or of the nature of, colloids.