Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (part 24 of 60)

Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (part 24 of 60)

7. Entitled to earnest consideration; weighty; important; as, a great argument, truth, or principle.

8. Pregnant; big (with young). The ewes great with young. Ps. lxxviii. 71.

9. More than ordinary in degree; very considerable in degree; as, to use great caution; to be in great pain. We have all Great cause to give great thanks. Shak.

10. (Genealogy) Older, younger, or more remote, by single generation; -- often used before grand to indicate one degree more remote in the direct line of de scent; as, great-grandfather (a grandfather's or a grand- mother's father), great-grandson, etc. Great bear (Astron.), the constellation Ursa Major. -- Great cattle (Law), all manner of cattle except sheep and yearlings. Wharton. -- Great charter (Eng. Hist.), Magna Charta. -- Great circle of a sphere, a circle the plane of which passes through the center of the sphere. -- Great circle sailing, the process or art of conducting a ship on a great circle of the globe or on the shortest arc between two places. -- Great go, the final examination for a degree at the University of Oxford, England; -- called also greats. T. Hughes. -- Great guns. (Naut.) See under Gun. -- The Great Lakes the large fresh-water lakes (Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario) which lie on the northern borders of the United States. -- Great master. Same as Grand master, under Grand. -- Great organ (Mus.), the largest and loudest of the three parts of a grand organ (the others being the choir organ and the swell, and sometimes the pedal organ or foot keys), It is played upon by a separate keyboard, which has the middle position. -- The great powers (of Europe), in modern diplomacy, Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria, Russia, and Italy. -- Great primer. See under Type. -- Great scale (Mus.), the complete scale; -- employed to designate the entire series of musical sounds from lowest to highest. -- Great sea, the Mediterranean sea. In Chaucer both the Black and the Mediterranean seas are so called. -- Great seal. (a) The principal seal of a kingdom or state. (b) In Great Britain, the lord chancellor (who is custodian of this seal); also, his office. -- Great tithes. See under Tithes. -- The great, the eminent, distinguished, or powerful. -- The Great Spirit, among the North American Indians, their chief or principal deity. -- To be great (with one), to be intimate or familiar (with him). Bacon.

GREAT Great, n.

Defn: The whole.; the gross; as, a contract to build a ship by the great.

GREAT-BELLIED Great"-bel`lied, a.

Defn: Having a great belly, bigbellied; pregnant; teeming. Shak.

GREATCOAT Great"coat", n.

Defn: An overcoat.

GREATEN Great"en, v. t.

Defn: To make great; to aggrandize; to cause to increase in size; to expand. [R.] A minister's [business] is to greaten and exalt [his king]. Ken.

GREATEN Great"en, v. i.

Defn: To become large; to dilate. [R.] My blue eyes greatening in the looking-glass. Mrs. Browning.

GREAT-GRANDCHILD Great"-grand"child`, n.

Defn: The child of one's grandson or granddaughter.

GREAT-GRANDDAUGHTER Great"-grand"daugh`ter, n. Etym: [See Great, 10.]

Defn: A daughter of one's grandson or granddaughter.

GREAT-GRANDFATHER Great"-grand"fa`ther, n. Etym: [See Great, 10.]

Defn: The father of one's grandfather or grandmother.

GREAT-GRANDMOTHER Great"-grand"moth`er, n.

Defn: The mother of one's grandfather or grandmother.

GREAT-GRANDSON Great"-grand"son`, n. Etym: [See Great, 10.]

Defn: A son of one's grandson or granddaughter.

GREAT-HEARTED Great"-heart`ed, a.

1. High-spirited; fearless. [Obs.] Clarendon.

2. Generous; magnanimous; noble.

GREAT-HEARTEDNESS Great"-heart`ed*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being greathearted; high-mindedness; magnanimity.

GREATLY Great"ly, adv.

1. In a great degree; much. I will greatly multiply thy sorrow. Gen. iii. 16.

2. Nobly; illustriously; magnanimously. By a high fate thou greatly didst expire. Dryden.

GREATNESS Great"ness, n. Etym: [AS. greátnes.]

1. The state, condition, or quality of being great; as, greatness of size, greatness of mind, power, etc.

2. Pride; haughtiness. [Obs.]It is not of pride or greatness that he cometh not aboard your ships. Bacon.

GREAT WHITE WAY Great White Way.

Defn: Broadway, in New York City, in the neighborhood chiefly occupied by theaters, as from about 30th Street about 50th Street; -- so called from its brilliant illumination at night.

GREAVE Greave, n.

Defn: A grove. [Obs.] Spenser.

GREAVE Greave, n. Etym: [OF. greees; cf. Sp. grevas.]

Defn: Armor for the leg below the knee; -- usually in the plural.

GREAVE Greave, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greaved (grevd); p. pr. & vb. n. Greaving.] Etym: [From Greaves.] (Naut.)

Defn: To clean (a ship's bottom); to grave.

GREAVES Greaves (grevz), n. pl. Etym: [Cf. dial. Sw. grevar greaves, LG. greven, G. griebe, also AS. greofa pot. Cf. Gravy.]

Defn: The sediment of melted tallow. It is made into cakes for dogs' food. In Scotland it is called cracklings. [Written also graves.]

GREBE Grebe (greb), n. Etym: [F. grbe, fr. Armor. krib comb; akin to kriben crest, W. crib comb, crest. So called in allusion to the crest of one species.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several swimming birds or divers, of the genus Colymbus (formerly Podiceps), aud allied genera, found in the northern parts of America, Europe, and Asia. They have strong, sharp bills, and lobate toes.

GRECIAN Gre"cian", a. Etym: [Cf. Greek.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Greece; Greek. Grecian bend, among women, an affected carriage of the body, the upper part being inclined forward. [Collog.] -- Grecian fire. See Greek fire, under Greek.

GRECIAN Gre"cian, n.

1. A native or naturalized inhabitant of Greece; a Greek.

2. A jew who spoke Greek; a Hellenist. Acts vi. 1.

Note: The Greek word rendered Grecian in the Authorized Version of the New Testament is translated Grecian Jew in the Revised Version.

6. One well versed in the Greek language, literature, or history. De Quincey.

GRECISM Gre"cism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. grécisme.]

Defn: An idiom of the Greek language; a Hellenism. Addison.

GRECIZE Gre"cize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grecized; p. pr. & vb. n. Grecizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. gréciser.]

1. To render Grecian; also, to cause (a word or phrase in another language) to take a Greek form; as, the name is Grecized. T. Warton.

2. To translate into Greek.

GRECIZE; GRECIANIZE Gre"cize, Gre"cian*ize (, v. i.

Defn: To conform to the Greek custom, especially in speech.

GRECO-ROMAN Gre"co-Ro"man, a.

Defn: Having characteristics that are partly Greek and partly Roman; as, Greco-Roman architecture.

GRECQUE Grecque (grêk), n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: An ornament supposed to be of Greek origin, esp. a fret or meander,

GREE Gree, n. Etym: [F. gré. See Grateful, and cf. Agree.]

1. Good will; favor; pleasure; satisfaction; -- used esp. in such phrases as: to take in gree; to accept in gree; that is, to take favorably. [Obs.] Chaucer. Accept in gree, my lord, the words I spoke. Fairfax.

2. Rank; degree; position. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer. He is a shepherd great in gree. Spnser.

3. The prize; the honor of the day; as, to bear the gree, i. e., to carry off the prize. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer.

GREE Gree, v. i. Etym: [From Agree.]

Defn: To agree. [Obs.] Fuller.

GREE Gree, n.; pl. Grees (grez); obs. plurals Greece (gres) Grice (grs or grs), Grise, Grize (grz or grz), etc. Etym: [OF. gré, F. grade. See Grade.]

Defn: A step.

GREECE Greece, n. pl.

Defn: See Gree a step. [Obs.]

GREED Greed, n. Etym: [Akin to Goth. grdus hunger, Icel. graedhr. sq. root34. See Greedy.]

Defn: An eager desire or longing; greediness; as, a greed of gain.

GREEDILY Greed"i*ly

Defn: , adv. In a greedy manner.

GREEDINESS Greed"i*ness, n. Etym: [AS grdignes.]

Defn: The quality of being greedy; vehement and selfish desire. Fox in stealth, wolf in greediness. Shak.

Syn.-- Ravenousness; voracity; eagerness; avidity.

GREEDY Greed"y, a. [Compar. Greedier (-î-er); superl. Greediest.] Etym: [OE. gredi, AS. grdig, grdig; akin to D. gretig, OS. grdag, OHG. grtag, Dan. graadig, OSw. gradig, grdig, Icel. graugr, Goth. grdags greedy, grdn to be hungry; cf. Skr. grdh to be greedy. Cf. Greed.]

1. Having a keen appetite for food or drink; ravenous; voracious; very hungry; -- followed by of; as, a lion that is greedy of his prey.

2. Having a keen desire for anything; vehemently desirous; eager to obtain; avaricious; as, greedy of gain.

GREEDY-GUT Greed"y-gut", n.

Defn: A glutton. [Low] Todd.

GREEGREE; GRIGRI Gree"gree", Gri"gri", n.

Defn: An African talisman or Gri'gri' charm. A greegree man, an African magician or fetich priest.

GREEK Greek, a. Etym: [AS. grec, L. Graecus, Gr. : cf. F. grec. Cf. Grecian.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Greece or the Greeks; Grecian. Greek calends. See under Calends. -- Greek Church (Eccl. Hist.), the Eastern Church; that part of Christendom which separated from the Roman or Western Church in the ninth century. It comprises the great bulk of the Christian population of Russia (of which this is the established church), Greece, Moldavia, and Wallachia. The Greek Church is governed by patriarchs and is called also the Byzantine Church. -- Greek cross. See Illust. (10) Of Cross. -- Greek Empire. See Byzantine Empire. -- Greek fire, a combustible composition which burns under water, the constituents of which are supposed to be asphalt, with niter and sulphur. Ure. -- Greek rose, the flower campion.

GREEK Greek, n.

1. A native, or one of the people, of Greece; a Grecian; also, the language of Greece.

2. A swindler; a knave; a cheat. [Slang] Without a confederate the . . . game of baccarat does not . . . offer many chances for the Greek. Sat. Rev.

3. Something unintelligible; as, it was all Greek to me. [Colloq.]

GREEK CALENDAR Greek calendar.

1. Any of various calendars used by the ancient Greek states. The Attic calendar divided the year into twelve months of 29 and 30 days, as follows:

1. Hecatombæon (July-Aug.). 2. Metageitnion (Aug.-Sept.). 3. Boëdromion (Sept.-Oct.). 4. Pyanepsion (Oct.-Nov.). 5. Mæmacterion (Nov.-Dec.). 6. Poseideon (Dec.-Jan.). 7. Gamelion (Jan.-Feb.). 8. Anthesterion (Feb.-Mar.). 9. Elaphebolion (Mar.-Apr.). 10. Munychion (Apr.-May). 11. Thargelion (May-June). 12. Scirophorion (June-July).

A fixed relation to the seasons was maintained by introducing an intercalary month, "the second Poseideon," at first in an inexact way, afterward in years 3, 5, 8, 11, 13, 16, 19 of the Metonic cycle. Dates were reckoned in Olympiads.

2. The Julian calendar, used in the Greek Church.

GREEK CALENDS; GREEK KALENDS Greek calends or kalends.

Defn: A time that will never come, as the Greeks had no calends.

GREEKESS Greek"ess, n.

Defn: A female Greek. [R.]

GREEKISH Greek"ish, a. Etym: [Cf. AS. Grecisc.]

Defn: Peculiar to Greece.

GREEKLING Greek"ling, n.

Defn: A little Greek, or one of small esteem or pretensions. B. Jonson.

GREEN Green, a. [Compar. Greener (; superl. Greenest.] Etym: [OE. grene, AS. grne; akin to D. groen, OS. grni, OHG. gruoni, G. grn, Dan. & Sw. grn, Icel. grnn; fr. the root of E. grow. See Grow.]

1. Having the color of grass when fresh and growing; resembling that color of the solar spectrum which is between the yellow and the blue; verdant; emerald.

2. Having a sickly color; wan. To look so green and pale. Shak.

3. Full of life aud vigor; fresh and vigorous; new; recent; as, a green manhood; a green wound. As valid against such an old and beneficent government as against . . . the greenest usurpation. Burke.

4. Not ripe; immature; not fully grown or ripened; as, green fruit, corn, vegetables, etc.

5. Not roasted; half raw. [R.] We say the meat is green when half roasted. L. Watts.

6. Immature in age or experience; young; raw; not trained; awkward; as, green in years or judgment. I might be angry with the officious zeal which supposes that its green conceptions can instruct my gray hairs. Sir W. Scott.

7. Not seasoned; not dry; containing its natural juices; as, green wood, timber, etc. Shak. Green brier (Bot.), a thorny climbing shrub (Emilaz rotundifolia) having a yellowish green stem and thick leaves, with small clusters of flowers, common in the United States; -- called also cat brier. -- Green con (Zoöl.), the pollock. -- Green crab (Zoöl.), an edible, shore crab (Carcinus menas) of Europe and America; -- in New England locally named joe-rocker. -- Green crop, a crop used for food while in a growing or unripe state, as distingushed from a grain crop, root crop, etc. -- Green diallage. (Min.) (a) Diallage, a variety of pyroxene. (b) Smaragdite. -- Green dragon (Bot.), a North American herbaceous plant (Arisæma Dracontium), resembling the Indian turnip; -- called also dragon root. -- Green earth (Min.), a variety of glauconite, found in cavities in amygdaloid and other eruptive rock, and used as a pigment by artists; -- called also mountain green. -- Green ebony. (a) A south American tree (Jacaranda ovalifolia), having a greenish wood, used for rulers, turned and inlaid work, and in dyeing. (b) The West Indian green ebony. See Ebony. -- Green fire (Pyrotech.), a composition which burns with a green flame. It consists of sulphur and potassium chlorate, with some salt of barium (usually the nitrate), to which the color of the flame is due. -- Green fly (Zoöl.), any green species of plant lice or aphids, esp. those that infest greenhouse plants. -- Green gage, (Bot.) See Greengage, in the Vocabulary. -- Green gland (Zoöl.), one of a pair of large green glands in Crustacea, supposed to serve as kidneys. They have their outlets at the bases of the larger antennæ. -- Green hand, a novice. [Colloq.] -- Green heart (Bot.), the wood of a lauraceous tree found in the West Indies and in South America, used for shipbuilding or turnery. The green heart of Jamaica and Guiana is the Nectandra Rodioei, that of Martinique is the Colubrina ferruginosa. -- Green iron ore (Min.) dufrenite. -- Green laver (Bot.), an edible seaweed (Ulva latissima); -- called also green sloke. -- Green lead ore (Min.), pyromorphite. -- Green linnet (Zoöl.), the greenfinch. -- Green looper (Zoöl.), the cankerworm. -- Green marble (Min.), serpentine. -- Green mineral, a carbonate of copper, used as a pigment. See Greengill. -- Green monkey (Zoöl.) a West African long-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus callitrichus), very commonly tamed, and trained to perform tricks. It was introduced into the West Indies early in the last century, and has become very abundant there. -- Green salt of Magnus (Old Chem.), a dark green crystalline salt, consisting of ammonia united with certain chlorides of platinum. -- Green sand (Founding) molding sand used for a mold while slightly damp, and not dried before the cast is made. -- Green sea (Naut.), a wave that breaks in a solid mass on a vessel's deck. -- Green sickness (Med.), chlorosis. -- Green snake (Zoöl.), one of two harmless American snakes (Cyclophis vernalis, and C. æstivus). They are bright green in color. -- Green turtle (Zoöl.), an edible marine turtle. See Turtle. -- Green vitriol. (a) (Chem.) Sulphate of iron; a light green crystalline substance, very extensively used in the preparation of inks, dyes, mordants, etc. (b) (Min.) Same as copperas, melanterite and sulphate of iron. -- Green ware, articles of pottery molded and shaped, but not yet baked. -- Green woodpecker (Zoöl.), a common European woodpecker (Picus viridis); -- called also yaffle.

GREEN Green (gren), n.

1. The color of growing plants; the color of the solar spectrum intermediate between the yellow and the blue.

2. A grassy plain or plat; a piece of ground covered with verdant herbage; as, the village green. O'er the smooth enameled green. Milton.

3. Fresh leaves or branches of trees or other plants; wreaths; -- usually in the plural. In that soft season when descending showers Call forth the greens, and wake the rising flowers. Pope.

4. pl. Leaves and stems of young plants, as spinach, beets, etc., which in their green state are boiled for food.

5. Any substance or pigment of a green color. Alkali green (Chem.), an alkali salt of a sulphonic acid derivative of a complex aniline dye, resembling emerald green; -- called also Helvetia green.-- Berlin green. (Chem.) See under Berlin. -- Brilliant green (Chem.), a complex aniline dye, resembling emerald green in composition. -- Brunswick green an oxychloride of copper. -- Chrome green. See under Chrome. -- Emerald green. (Chem.) (a) A complex basic derivative of aniline produced as a metallic, green crystalline substance, and used for dyeing silk, wool, and mordanted vegetable fiber a brilliant green; - - called also aldehyde green, acid green, malachite green, Victoria green, solid green, etc. It is usually found as a double chloride, with zinc chloride, or as an oxalate. (b) See Paris green (below). -- Gaignet's green (Chem.) a green pigment employed by the French artist, Adrian Gusgnet, and consisting essentially of a basic hydrate of chromium. -- Methyl green (Chem.), an artificial rosaniline dyestuff, obtained as a green substance having a brilliant yellow luster; -- called also light-green. -- Mineral green. See under Mineral. -- Mountain green. See Green earth, under Green, a. -- Paris green (Chem.), a poisonous green powder, consisting of a mixture of several double salts of the acetate and arsenite of copper. It has found very extensive use as a pigment for wall paper, artificial flowers, etc., but particularly as an exterminator of insects, as the potato bug; -- called also Schweinfurth green, imperial green, Vienna green, emerald qreen, and mitis green. -- Scheele's green (Chem.), a green pigment, consisting essentially of a hydrous arsenite of copper; -- called also Swedish green. It may enter into various pigments called parrot green, pickel green, Brunswick green, nereid green, or emerald green.

GREEN Green, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greened (great): p. pr. & vb. n. Greening.]

Defn: To make green. Great spring before Greened all the year. Thomson.

GREEN Green, v. i.

Defn: To become or grow green. Tennyson. By greening slope and singing flood. Whittier.

GREENBACK Green"back", n.

Defn: One of the legal tender notes of the United States; -- first issued in 1862, and having the devices on the back printed with green ink, to prevent alterations and counterfeits.

GREENBACKER Green"back"er, n.

Defn: One of those who supported greenback or paper money, and opposed the resumption of specie payments. [Colloq. U. S.]

GREENBONE Green"bone, n. Etym: [So named because the bones are green when boiled.] (Zoöl.) (a) Any garfish (Belone or Tylosurus). (b) The European eelpout.

GREEN-BROOM Green"-broom`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Genista (G. tinctoria); dyer's weed; -- called also greenweed.

GREENCLOTH Green"cloth` (-klôth`; 115), n.

Defn: A board or court of justice formerly held in the counting house of the British sovereign's household, composed of the lord steward and his officers, and having cognizance of matters of justice in the household, with power to correct offenders and keep the peace within the verge of the palace, which extends two hundred yards beyond the gatees.

GREENERY Green"er*y, n.

Defn: Green plants; verdure. A pretty little one-storied abode, so rural, so smothered in greenery. J. Ingelow.

GREEN-EYED Green"-eyed, a.

1. Having green eyes.

2. Seeing everything through a medium which discolors or distorts. "Green-eyed jealousy." Shak.

GREENFINCH Green"finch`, n. (Zoöl.)

1. A European finch (Ligurinus chloris); -- called also green bird, green linnet, green grosbeak, green olf, greeny, and peasweep.

2. The Texas sparrow (Embernagra rufivirgata), in which the general color is olive green, with four rufous stripes on the head.

GREENFISH Green"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Bluefish, and Pollock.

GREENGAGE Green"gage`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of plum of medium size, roundish shape, greenish flesh, and delicious flavor. It is called in France Reine Claude, after the queen of Francis I. See Gage.

GREENGILL Green"gill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An oyster which has the gills tinged with a green pigment, said to be due to an abnormal condition of the blood.

GREENGROCER Green"gro`cer, n.

Defn: A retailer of vegetables or fruits in their fresh or green state.

GREENHEAD Green"head`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The mallard. (b) The striped bass. See Bass.

GREENHEAD; GREENHOOD Green"head, Green"hood, n.

Defn: A state of greenness; verdancy. Chaucer.

GREENHORN Green"horn`, n.

Defn: A raw, inexperienced person; one easily imposed upon. W. Irving.

GREENHOUSE Green"house`, n.

Defn: A house in which tender plants are cultivated and sheltered from the weather.

GREENING Green"ing, n.

Defn: A greenish apple, of several varieties, among which the Rhode Island greening is the best known for its fine-grained acid flesh and its excellent keeping quality.

GREENISH Green"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat green; having a tinge of green; as, a greenish yellow. -- Green"ish*ness, n.

GREENLANDER Green"land*er, n.

Defn: A native of Greenland.

GREEN-LEEK Green"-leek`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Australian parrakeet (Polytelis Barrabandi); -- called also the scarlet-breasted parrot.

GREENLET Green"let, n.

Defn: l. (Zoöl.) One of numerous species of small American singing birds, of the genus Vireo, as the solitary, or blue-headed (Vireo solitarius); the brotherly-love (V. Philadelphicus); the warbling greenlet (V. gilvus); the yellow-throated greenlet (V. flavifrons) and others. See Vireo.

2. (Zoöl,) Any species of Cyclorhis, a genus of tropical American birds allied to the tits.

GREENLY Green"ly, adv.

Defn: With a green color; newly; freshly, immaturely. -- a.

Defn: Of a green color. [Obs.]

GREENNESS Green"ness, n. Etym: [AS. grnnes. See Green.]

1. The quality of being green; viridity; verdancy; as, the greenness of grass, or of a meadow.

2. Freshness; vigor; newness.

3. Immaturity; unripeness; as, the greenness of fruit; inexperience; as, the greenness of youth.

GREENOCKITE Green"ock*ite, n. Etym: [Named after Lord Greenock.] (Min.)

Defn: Native cadmium sulphide, a mineral occurring in yellow hexagonal crystals, also as an earthy incrustation.

GREENROOM Green"room` (gren"room`), n.

Defn: The retiring room of actors and actresses in a theater.

GREENSAND Green"sand` (-s, n. (Geol.)

Defn: A variety of sandstone, usually imperfectly consolidated, consisting largely of glauconite, a silicate of iron and potash of a green color, mixed with sand and a trace of phosphate of lime.

Note: Greensand is often called marl, because it is a useful fertilizer. The greensand beds of the American Cretaceous belong mostly to the Upper Cretaceous.

GREENSHANK Green"shank`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European sandpiper or snipe (Totanus canescens); -- called also greater plover.

GREEN-STALL Green"-stall`, n.

Defn: A stall at which greens and fresh vegetables are exposed for sale.

GREENSTONE Green"stone` (gren"ston`), n. Etym: [So called from a tinge of green in the color.] (Geol.)

Defn: A name formerly applied rather loosely to certain dark-colored igneous rocks, including diorite, diabase, etc.

GREENSWARD Green"sward` (-sward') n.

Defn: Turf green with grass.

GREENTH Greenth (grenth), n. Etym: [Cf. Growth.]

Defn: The state or quality of being green; verdure. [R.] The greenth of summer. G. Eliot.

GREENWEED Green"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Greenbroom.

GREENWOOD Green"wood`, n.

Defn: A forest as it appears is spring and summer.

GREENWOOD Green"wood`, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a greenwood; as, a greenwood shade. Dryden.

GREET Greet, a.

Defn: Great. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GREET Greet, v. i. Etym: [OE. greten, AS. grtan, grlan; akin to Icel. grata, Sw. gita, Dan. grde, Goth. grctan; cf. Skr. hrd to sound, roar. sq. root50.]

Defn: To weep; to cry; to lament. [Obs. or Scot.] [Written also greit.] Spenser.

GREET Greet, n.

Defn: Mourning. [Obs.] Spenser.

GREET Greet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Greeting.] Etym: [OE. greten, AS. grtan to address, approach; akin to OS. gr, LG gröten, D. groeten, OHG. gruozzen, G. grüssen.]

1. To address with salutations or expressions of kind wishes; to salute; to hail; to welcome; to accost with friendship; to pay respects or compliments to, either personally or through the intervention of another, or by writing or token. My lord, the mayor of London comes to greet you. Shak.

2. To come upon, or meet, as with something that makes the heart glad. In vain the spring my senses greets. Addison.

3. To accost; to address. Pope.

GREET Greet, v. i.

Defn: To meet and give salutations. There greet in silence, as the dead are wont, And sleep in peace. Shak.

GREET Greet, n.

Defn: Greeting. [Obs.] F. Beaumont.

GREETER Greet"er, n.

Defn: One who greets or salutes another.

GREETER Greet"er, n.

Defn: One who weeps or mourns. [Obs.]

GREETING Greet"ing, n.

Defn: Expression of kindness or joy; salutation at meeting; a compliment from one absent. Write to him . . . gentle adieus and greetings. Shak.

Syn. -- Salutation; salute; compliment.

GREEVE Greeve, n.

Defn: See Grieve, an overseer.

GREEZE Greeze, n.

Defn: A step. See Gree, a step. [Obs.] The top of the ladder, or first greeze, is this. Latimer.

GREFFIER Gref"fi*er, n. Etym: [F., from LL. grafarius, graphiarius, fr. L. graphium, a writing style; cf. F. greffe a record office. See Graft, and cf. Graffer.]

Defn: A registrar or recorder; a notary. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

GREGAL Gre"gal, a. Etym: [L. gregalis, fr. grex, gregis, herd.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, a flock. For this gregal conformity there is an excuse. W. S. Mayo.

GREGARIAN Gre*ga"ri*an, a.

Defn: Gregarious; belonging to the herd or common sort; common. [Obs.] "The gregarian soldiers." Howell.

GREGARINE; GREGARINAE Greg`a*ri"nae, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gregarina the typical genus, fr. L. gregarius. See Gregarious.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Protozoa, allied to the Rhizopoda, and parasitic in other animals, as in the earthworm, lobster, etc. When adult, they have a small, wormlike body inclosing a nucleus, but without external organs; in one of the young stages, they are amoebiform; -- called also Gregarinida, and Gregarinaria.

GREGARINE Greg"a*rine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Gregarinæ. -- n.

Defn: One of the Gregarinæ.

GREGARINIDA Greg`a*rin"i*da

Defn: Gregarinæ.

GREGARIOUS Gre*ga"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. gregarius, fr. grex, gregis, herd; cf. Gr. jar to approach. Cf. Congregate, Egregious.]

Defn: Habitually living or moving in flocks or herds; tending to flock or herd together; not habitually solitary or living alone. Burke. No birds of prey are gregarious. Ray. -- Gre*ga"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Gre-ga'ri-ous-ness, n.

GREGE; GREGGE Grege, Greg"ge (, v. t. Etym: [OE. gregier to burden.]

Defn: To make heavy; to increase. [Obs.] Wyclif.

GREGGOE; GREGO Greg"goe, Gre"go, n. Etym: [Prob. fr, It. Greco Greek, or Sp. Griego, or Pg. Grego.]

Defn: A short jacket or cloak, made of very thick, coarse cloth, with a hood attached, worn by the Greeks and others in the Levant. [Written also griego.]

GREGORIAN Gre*go"ri*an, a. Etym: [NL. Gregorianus, fr. Gregorius Gregory, Gr. grégorien.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or originated by, some person named Gregory, especially one of the popes of that name. Gregorian calendar, the calendar as reformed by Pope Gregory XIII. in 1582, including the method of adjusting the leap years so as to harmonize the civil year with the solar, and also the regulation of the time of Easter and the movable feasts by means of epochs. See Gregorian year (below). -- Gregorian chant (Mus.), plain song, or canto fermo, a kind of unisonous music, according to the eight celebrated church modes, as arranged and prescribed by Pope Gregory I. (called "the Great") in the 6th century. -- Gregorian modes, the musical scales ordained by Pope Gregory the Great, and named after the ancient Greek scales, as Dorian, Lydian, etc. -- Gregorian telescope (Opt.), a form of reflecting telescope, named from Prof. James Gregory, of Edinburgh, who perfected it in 1663. A small concave mirror in the axis of this telescope, having its focus coincident with that of the large reflector, transmits the light received from the latter back through a hole in its center to the eyepiece placed behind it. -- Gregorian year, the year as now reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar. Thus, every year, of the current reckoning, which is divisible by 4, except those divisible by 100 aud not by 400, has 366 days; all other years have 365 days. See Bissextile, and Note under Style, n., 7.

GREILLADE Greil"lade, n. (Metal.)

Defn: Iron ore in coarse powder, prepared for reduction by the Catalan process.

GREISEN Grei"sen, n. (Min.)

Defn: A crystalline rock consisting of quarts and mica, common in the tin regions of Cornwall and Saxony.

GREIT Greit, v. i.

Defn: See Greet, to weep.

GREITH Greith, v. t. Etym: [Icel. grcta: cf. AS. gerdan to arrange; pref. ge- + r ready. Cf. Ready.]

Defn: To make ready; -- often used reflexively. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GREITH Greith, n. Etym: [Icel. grcii. See Greith, v.]

Defn: Goods; furniture. [Obs.]

Note: See Graith.

GREMIAL Gre"mi*al, a. Etym: [L. gremium lap, bosom.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the lap or bosom. [R.]

GREMIAL Gre"mi*al, n.

1. A bosom friend. [Obs.] Fuller.

2. (Ecol.)

Defn: A cloth, often adorned with gold or silver lace, placed on the bishop's lap while he sits in celebrating mass, or in ordaining priests.

GRENADE Gre*nade", n. Etym: [F. grenade a pomegranate, a grenade, or Sp. granada; orig., filled with seeds. So called from the resemblanse of its shape to a pomegranate. See Carnet, Grain a kernel, and cf. Pomegranate.] (Min.)

Defn: A hollow ball or shell of iron filled with powder of other explosive, ignited by means of a fuse, and thrown from the hand among enemies. Hand grenade. (a) A small grenade of iron or glass, usually about two and a half inches in diameter, to be thrown from the hand into the head of a sap, trenches, covered way, or upon besiegers mounting a breach. (b) A portable fire extinguisher consisting of a glass bottle containing water and gas. It is thrown into the flames. Called also fire grenade. Rampart grenades, grenades of various sizes, which, when used, are rolled over the pararapet in a trough.

GRENADIER Gren`a*dier", n. Etym: [F. grenadier. See Grenade.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: Originaly, a soldier who carried and threw grenades; afterward, one of a company attached to each regiment or battalion, taking post on the right of the line, and wearing a peculiar uniform. In modern times, a member of a special regiment or corps; as, a grenadier of the guard of Napoleon I. one of the regiment of Grenadier Guards of the British army, etc.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any marine fish of the genus Macrurus, in which the body and tail taper to a point; they mostly inhabit the deep sea; -- called also onion fish, and rat-tail fish.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bright-colored South African grosbeak (Pyromelana orix), having the back red and the lower parts black.

GRENADILLO Gren`a*dil"lo, n. Etym: [Sp. granadillo.]

Defn: A handsome tropical American wood, much used for making flutes and other wind instruments; -- called also Grenada cocos, or cocus, and red ebony.

GRENADINE Gren`a*dine", n. Etym: [F.]

1. A thin gauzelike fabric of silk or wool, for women's wear.

2. A trade name for a dyestuff, consisting essentially of impure fuchsine.

GRENADO Gre*na"do, n.

Defn: Same as Grenade.

GRENE Grene, a.

Defn: Green. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GRES Gres, n.

Defn: Grass. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GRESSORIAL; GRESSORIOUS Gres*so"ri*al, Gres*so"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. gressus, p. p. of gradi to step, go.] (Zool.)

Defn: Adapted for walking; anisodactylous; as the feet of certain birds and insects. See Illust. under Aves.

GRET; GRETE Gret, Grete (, a.

Defn: Great. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GRETTO Gret"to, obs.

Defn: imp. of Greet, to salute.

GREVE Greve, n.

Defn: A grove. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GREW Grew,

Defn: imp. of Grow.

GREWSOME; GRUESOME Grew"some

Defn: , Grue"some, a. Etym: [From a word akin to Dan. gru horror, terror + -some; cf. D. gruwzaam, G. grausam. Cf. Grisly.]

Defn: Ugly; frightful. Grewsome sights of war. C. Kingsley.

GREY Grey, a.

Defn: See Gray (the correct orthography).

GREYHOUND Grey"hound`, n. Etym: [OE. graihund, greihound, greahund, grihond, Icel. greyhundr; grey greyhound + hundr dog; cf. AS. grghund. The origin of the first syllable is unknown.]

Defn: A slender, graceful breed of dogs, remarkable for keen sight and swiftness. It is one of the oldest varieties known, and is figured on the Egyptian monuments. [Written also grayhound.]

GREYLAG Grey"lag`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Graylag.

GRIBBLE Grib"ble, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. grib to bite.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small marine isopod crustacean (Limnoria lignorum or L. terebrans), which burrows into and rapidly destroys submerged timber, such as the piles of wharves, both in Europe and America.

GRICE Grice, n. Etym: [OE. gris, grise; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. grss, Sw. gris, Dan. grus, also Gr. , Skr. ghrshvi, boar. Cf. Grise, Griskin.]

Defn: A little pig. [Written also grise.] [Scot.]

GRICE Grice, n.

Defn: See Gree, a step. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

GRID Grid, n.

Defn: A grating of thin parallel bars, similar to a gridiron.

GRIDDLE Grid"dle, n. Etym: [OE. gredil, gredl, gridel, of Celtic origin; cf. W. greidell, Ir. greideal, greideil, griddle, gridiron, greadaim I burn, scorch. Cf. Gridiron.]

1. An iron plate or pan used for cooking cakes.

2. A sieve with a wire bottom, used by miners.

GRIDDLECAKE Grid"dle*cake`, n.

Defn: A cake baked or fried on a griddle, esp. a thin batter cake, as of buckwheat or common flour.

GRIDE Gride, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grided; p. pr. & vb. n. Griding.] Etym: [For gird, properly, to strike with a rod. See Yard a measure, and cf. Grid to strike, sneer.]

Defn: To cut with a grating sound; to cut; to penetrate or pierce harshly; as, the griding sword. Milton. That through his thigh the mortal steel did gride. Spenser.

GRIDE Gride, n.

Defn: A harsh scraping or cutting; a grating. The gride of hatchets fiercely thrown. On wigwam log, and tree, and stone. Whittier.

GRIDELIN Grid"e*lin, n. Etym: [F. gris de lin gray of flax, flax gray.]

Defn: A color mixed of white, and red, or a gray violet. [Written also gredaline, grizelin.] Dryden.

GRIDIRON Grid"i`ron, n. Etym: [OE. gredire, gredirne, from tthe same source as E. griddle, but the ending wass confused with E. iron. See Griddle.]

1. A grated iron utensil for broiling flesh and fish over coals.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: An openwork frame on which vessels are placed for examination, cleaning, and repairs. 3. (Sport)

Defn: A football field. Gridiron pendulum. See under Pendulum. -- Gridiron valve (Steam Engine), a slide valve with several parallel perforations corresponding to openings in the seat on which the valve moves.

GRIEF Grief, n. Etym: [OE. grief, gref, OF. grief, gref, F. grief, L. gravis heavy; akin to Gr. , Skr. guru, Goth. karus. Cf. Barometer, Grave, a., Grieve, Gooroo.]

1. Pain of mind on account of something in the past; mental suffering arising from any cause, as misfortune, loss of friends, misconduct of one's self or others, etc.; sorrow; sadness. The mother was so afflicted at the loss of a fine boy, . . . that she died for grief of it. Addison.

2. Cause of sorrow or pain; that which afficts or distresses; trial; grievance. Be factious for redress of all these griefs. Shak.

3. Physical pain, or a cause of it; malady. [R.] This grief (cancerous ulcers) hastened the end of that famous mathematician, Mr. Harriot. Wood. To come to grief, to meet with calamity, accident, defeat, ruin, etc., causing grief; to turn out badly. [Colloq.]

Syn. -- Affiction; sorrow; distress; sadness; trial; grievance. Grief, Sorrow, Sadness. Sorrow is the generic term; grief is sorrow for some definite cause -- one which commenced, at least, in the past; sadness is applied to a permanent mood of the mind. Sorrow is transient in many cases; but the grief of a mother for the loss of a favorite child too often turns into habitual sadness. "Grief is sometimes considered as synonymous with sorrow; and in this case we speak of the transports of grief. At other times it expresses more silent, deep, and painful affections, such as are inspired by domestic calamities, particularly by the loss of friends and relatives, or by the distress, either of body or mind, experienced by those whom we love and value." Cogan.See Affliction.

GRIEFFUL Grief"ful, a.

Defn: Full of grief or sorrow. Sackvingle.

GRIEFLESS Grief"less, a.

Defn: Without grief. Huloet.

GRIEGO Grie"go, n.

Defn: See Greggoe.

GRIEVABLE Griev"a*ble, a.

Defn: Lamentable. [Obs.]

GRIEVANCE Griev"ance, n. Etym: [OF. grcvance. See Grieve, v. t.]

1. A cause of uneasiness and complaint; a wrong done and suffered; that which gives ground for remonstrance or resistance, as arising from injustice, tyranny, etc.; injury.

2. Grieving; grief; affliction. The . . . grievance of a mind unreasonably yoked. Milton.

Syn. -- Burden; oppression; hardship; trouble.

GRIEVANCER Griev"an*cer, n.

Defn: One who occasions a grievance; one who gives ground for complaint. [Obs.] Petition . . . against the bishops as grand grievancers. Fuller.

GRIEVE; GREEVE Grieve, Greeve, n. Etym: [AS. ger. Cf. Reeve an officer.]

Defn: A manager of a farm, or overseer of any work; a reeve; a manorial bailiff. [Scot.] Their children were horsewhipped by the grieve. Sir W. Scott.

GRIEVE Grieve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grieved; p. pr. & vb. n. Grieving.] Etym: [OE. greven, OF. grever, fr. L. gravare to burden, oppress, fr. gravis heavy. See Grief.]

1. To occasion grief to; to wound the sensibilities of; to make sorrowful; to cause to suffer; to affect; to hurt; to try. Grieve not the Holy Spirit of God. Eph. iv. 30. The maidens grieved themselves at my concern. Cowper,

2. To sorrow over; as, to grieve one's fate. [R.]

GRIEVE Grieve, v. i.

Defn: To feel grief; to be in pain of mind on account of an evil; to sorrow; to mourn; -- often followed by at, for, or over. Do not you grieve at this. Shak.

GRIEVER Griev"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, grieves.

GRIEVING Griev"ing, a.

Defn: Sad; sorrowful; causing grief. -- n.

Defn: The act of causing grief; the state of being grieved. -- Griev'ing-ly, adv. Shak.

GRIEVOUS Griev"ous, a. Etym: [OF. grevous, grevos, LL. gravosus. See Grief.]

1. Causing grief or sorrow; painful; afflictive; hard to bear; offensive; harmful. The famine was grievous in the land. Gen. xii. 10. The thing was very grievous in Abraham's sight. Gen. xxi 11.

2. Characterized by great atrocity; heinous; aggravated; flagitious; as, a grievous sin. Gen. xviii. 20.

3. Full of, or expressing, grief; showing great sorrow or affliction; as, a grievous cry. -- Griev"ous*ly, adv. -- Griev"ous*ness, n.

GRIFF Griff, n. Etym: [Cf. Gripe.]

1. Grasp; reach. [Obs.] A vein of gold ore within one spade's griff. Holland.

2. Etym: [Cf. F. griffe, G. griff, prop., a grasping.] (Weaving)

Defn: An arrangement of parallel bars for lifting the hooked wires which raise the warp threads in a loom for weaving figured goods. Knight.

GRIFFE Griffe, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The offspring of a mulatto woman and a negro; also, a mulatto. [Local, U. S.]

GRIFFIN Grif"fin, n.

Defn: An Anglo-Indian name for a person just arrived from Europe. H. Kingsley.

GRIFFIN; GRIFFON Grif"fin, Grif"fon, n. Etym: [OE. griffin, griffon, griffoun, F. griffon, fr. L. gryphus, equiv to gryps, Gr.

1. (Myth.)

Defn: A fabulous monster, half lion and half eagle. It is often represented in Grecian and Roman works of art.

2. (Her.)

Defn: A representation of this creature as an heraldic charge.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of large vulture (Gyps fulvus) found in the mountainous parts of Southern Europe, North Africa, and Asia Minor; - - called also gripe, and grype. It is supposed to be the "eagle" of the Bible. The bearded griffin is the lammergeir. [Written also gryphon.]

4. An English early apple.

GRIG Grig, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. kräk little creature, reptile; or D. kriek cricket, E. cricket.]

1. (Zoöl.) (a) A cricket or grasshopper. [Prov. Eng.] (b) Any small eel. (c) The broad-nosed eel See Glut. [Prov. Eng.]

2. Heath. [Prov. Eng.] Audrey. As merry as a grig Etym: [etymology uncertain], a saying supposed by some to be a corruption of "As merry as a Greek; " by others, to be an allusion to the cricket.

GRIL Gril, a. Etym: [OE. gril harsh; akin to G. grell offending the ear or eye, shrill, dazzling, MHG. grel angry; cf. AS. gallan to provoke.]

Defn: Harah; hard; severe; stern; rough. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

GRILL Grill, n. Etym: [F. gril. See Grill, v. t.]

1. A gridiron. [They] make grills of [wood] to broil their meat. Cotton.

2. That which is broiled on a gridiron, as meat, fish, etc.

GRILL Grill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Grilling.] Etym: [F. griller, fr. gril gridiron, OF. graïl, L. craticulum for craticula fine hurdlework, a small gridiron, dim. of crates hurdle. See Grate, n.]

1. To broil on a grill or gridiron. Boiling of men in caldrons, grilling them on gridirons. Marvell.

2. To torment, as if by broiling. Dickens.

GRILLADE Gril*lade" (, n. Etym: [F. See Grill, v. t.]

Defn: The act of grilling; also, that which is grilled.

GRILLAGE Gril"lage, n. Etym: [F.] (Hydraulic Eagin.)

Defn: A framework of sleepers and crossbeams forming a foundation in marshy or treacherous soil.

GRILLE Grille, a. Etym: [F. See Grill, v. t.]

Defn: A lattice or grating. The grille which formed part of the gate. L. Oliphant.

GRILLROOM Grill"room`, n.

Defn: A room specially fitted for broiling food, esp. one in a restaurant, hotel, or clubhouse, arranged for prompt service.

GRILLY Gril"ly, v. t. Etym: [See Grill, v. t.]

Defn: To broil; to grill; hence, To harass. [Obs.] Hudibras.

GRILSE Grilse, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young salmon after its first return from the sea.

GRIM Grim, a. [Compar. Grimmer (-mer); superl. Grimmest (.] Etym: [AS. grim; akin to G. grimm, equiv. to G. & D. grimmig, Dan. grim, grum, Sw. grym, Icel. grimmr, G. gram grief, as adj., hostile; cf. Gr.

Defn: Of forbidding or fear-inspiring aspect; fierce; stern; surly; cruel; frightful; horrible. Whose grim aspect sets every joint a-shaking. Shak . The ridges of grim war. Milton.

Syn.-- Fierce; ferocious; furious; horrid; horrible; frightful; ghastly; grisly; hideous; stern; sullen; sour.

GRIMACE Gri*mace", n. Etym: [F., prob. of Teutonic origin; cf. AS. gr mask, specter, Ical. gr mask, hood, perh. akin to E. grin.]

Defn: A distortion of the countenance, whether habitual, from affectation, or momentary aad occasional, to express some feeling, as contempt, disapprobation, complacency, etc.; a smirk; a made-up face. Moving his face into such a hideons grimace, that every feature of it appeared under a different distortion. Addison.

Note: "Half the French words used affectedly by Melantha in Dryden's "Marriage a-la-Mode," as innovations in our language, are now in common usa: chagrin, double--entendre, éclaircissement, embarras, équivoque, foible, grimace, naïvete, ridicule. All these words, which she learns by heart to use occasionally, are now in common use." I. Disraeli.

GRIMACE Gri*mace", v. i.

Defn: To make grimaces; to distort one's face; to make faces. H. Martineau.

GRIMACED Gri*maced", a.

Defn: Distorted; crabbed.

GRIMALKIN Gri*mal"kin, n. Etym: [For graymalkin; gray + malkin.]

Defn: An old cat, esp. a she-cat. J. Philips.

GRIME Grime, n. Etym: [Cf. Dan. grim, griim, lampblack, soot, grime, Icel. gr mask, sort of hood, OD. grijmsel, grimsel, soot, smut, and E. grimace.]

Defn: Foul matter; dirt, rubbed in; sullying blackness, deeply ingrained.

GRIME Grime, v. t.

Defn: To sully or soil deeply; to dirt. Shak.

GRIMILY Grim"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a grimy manner.

GRIMINESS Grim"i*ness n.

Defn: The state of being grimy.

GRIMLY Grim"ly, a.

Defn: Grim; hideous; stern. [R.] In glided Margaret's grimly ghost, And stood at William's feet. D. Mallet.

GRIMLY Grim"ly, adv.

Defn: In a grim manner; fiercely. Shak.

GRIMME Grimme, n. Etym: [Cf. F. grimme.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West African antelope (Cephalophus rufilotus) of a deep bay color, with a broad dorsal stripe of black; -- called also conquetoon.

GRIMNESS Grim"ness, n. Etym: [AS. grimnes.]

Defn: Fierceness of look; sternness; crabbedness; forbiddingness.

GRIMSIR Grim"sir, n.

Defn: A stern man. [Obs.] Burton.

GRIMY Grim"y, a. [Compar. Grimier; superl. Grimiest.]

Defn: Full of grime; begrimed; dirty; foul.

GRIN Grin, n. Etym: [AS. grin.]

Defn: A snare; a gin. [Obs.] Like a bird that hasteth to his grin. Remedy of Love.

GRIN Grin, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grinned; p. pr. & vb. n. Grinning.] Etym: [OE. grinnen, grennen, AS. grennian, Sw. grina; akin to D. grijnen, G. greinen, OHG. grinan, Dan. grine. Groan.]

1. To show the teeth, as a dog; to shsrl.

2. To set the teeth together and open the lips, or to open the mouth and withdraw the lips from the teeth, so as to show them, as in laughter, acorn, or pain. The pangs of death do make him grin. Shak.

GRIN Grin, v. t.

Defn: To express by grinning. Grinned horrible a ghastly smile.Milton.

GRIN Grin, n.

Defn: The act of closing the teeth and showing them, or of withdrawing the lips and showing the teeth; a hard, forced, or smeering smile. I.Watts. He showed twenty teeth at a grin. Addison.

GRIND Grind, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ground; p. pr. & vb. n. Grinding.] Etym: [AS. grindan; perh. akin to L. frendere to gnash, grind. Cf. Grist.]

1. To reduce to powder by friction, as in a mill, or with the teeth; to crush into small fragments; to produce as by the action of millstones. Take the millstones, and grind meal. Is. xivii. 2.

2. To wear down, polish, or sharpen, by friction; to make smooth, sharp, or pointed; to whet, as a knife or drill; to rub against one another, as teeth, etc.

3. To oppress by severe exactions; to harass. To grind the subject or defraud the prince. Dryden.

4. To study hard for examination. [College Slang]

GRIND Grind, v. i.

1. To perform the operation of grinding something; to turn the millstones. Send thee Into the common prison, there to grind. Milton.

2. To become ground or pulverized by friction; as, this corn grinds well.

3. To become polished or sharpened by friction; as, glass grinds smooth; steel grinds to a sharp edge.

4. To move with much difficulty or friction; to grate.

5. To perform hard aud distasteful service; to drudge; to study hard, as for an examination. Farrar.

GRIND Grind, n.

1. The act of reducing to powder, or of sharpening, by friction.

2. Any severe continuous work or occupation; esp., hard and uninteresting study. [Colloq.] T. Hughes.

3. A hard student; a dig. [College Slang]

GRINDED Grind"ed, obs. p. p. of Grind.

Defn: Ground. Sir W. Scott.

GRINDELIA Grin*de"li*a, n. Etym: [NL. Named after D. H. Grindel, a Russian.] (Med.)

Defn: The dried stems and leaves of tarweed (Grindelia), used as a remedy in asthma and bronchitis.

GRINDER Grind"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, grinds.

2. One of the double teeth, used to grind or masticate the food; a molar.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The restless flycatcher (Seisura inquieta) of Australia; -- called also restless thrush and volatile thrush. It makes a noise like a scissors grinder, to which the name alludes. Grinder's asthma, phthisis, or rot (Med.), a lung disease produced by the mechanical irritation of the particles of steel and stone given off in the operation of grinding.

GRINDERY Grind"er*y, n.

Defn: Leather workers' materials. [Eng.] Grindery warehouse, a shop where leather workers' materials and tools are kept on sale. [Eng.]

GRINDING Grind"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Grind. Grinding frame, an English name for a cotton spinning machine. -- Grinding mill. (a) A mill for grinding grain. (b) A lapidary's lathe.

GRINDINGLY Grind"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a grinding manner. [Colloq.]

GRINDLE Grin"dle, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bowfin; -- called also Johnny Grindle. [Local, U. S.]

GRINDLE STONE Grin"dle stone".

Defn: A grindstone. [Obs.]

GRINDLET Grind"let, n.

Defn: A small drain.

GRINDSTONE Grind"stone`, n.

Defn: A flat, circular stone, revolving on an axle, for grinding or sharpening tools, or shaping or smoothing objects. To hold, pat, or bring one's nose to the grindstone, to oppress one; to keep one in a condition of servitude. They might be ashamed, for lack of courage, to suffer the Lacedæmonians to hold their noses to the grindstone. Sir T. North.

GRINGO Grin"go, n. [Amer. Sp., fr. Sp. gringo gibberish; cf. griego Greek, F. grigou wretch.]

Defn: Among Spanish Americans, a foreigner, esp. an Englishman or American; -- often used as a term of reproach.

GRINNER Grin"ner, n.

Defn: One who grins. Addison.

GRINNINGLY Grin"ning*ly, adv.

Defn: In a grinning manner.

GRINT Grint,

Defn: 3d pers. sing. pres. of Grind, Etym: contr. from grindeth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GRINTE Grin"te, obs.

Defn: imp. of Grin, v. i., 1. [He] grinte with his teeth, so was he wroth. Chaucer.

GRINTING Grint"ing, n.

Defn: Grinding. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GRIP Grip, n. Etym: [L. gryps, gryphus. See Griffin, Grype.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The griffin. [Obs.]

GRIP Grip, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. grip furrow, hitch, D. greb.]

Defn: A small ditch or furrow. Ray.

GRIP Grip, v. t.

Defn: To trench; to drain.

GRIP Grip, n. Etym: [AS. gripe. Cf. Grip, v. t., Gripe, v. t.]

1. An energetic or tenacious grasp; a holding fast; strength in grasping.

2. A peculiar mode of clasping the hand, by which members of a secret association recognize or greet, one another; as, a masonic grip.

3. That by which anything is grasped; a handle or gripe; as, the grip of a sword.

4. A device for grasping or holding fast to something.

GRIP Grip, v. t. Etym: [From Grip a grasp; or P. gripper to seize; -- of German origin. See Gripe, v. t.]

Defn: To give a grip to; to grasp; to gripe.

GRIP CAR Grip car.

Defn: A car with a grip to clutch a traction cable.

GRIPE Gripe, n. Etym: [See Grype.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A vulture; the griffin. [Obs.] Like a white hind under the gripe's sharp claws. Shak. Gripe's egg, an alchemist's vessel. [Obs.] E. Jonson.

GRIPE Gripe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Griped; p. pr. & vb. n. Griping.] Etym: [AS. gripan; akin to D. grijpen, G. greifen, OHG. gr, Icel. gripa, Sw. gripe, Dan. gribe, Goth. greipan; cf. Lith. graibyti, Russ. grabite to plunder, Skr. grah, grabh, to seize. Cf. Grip, v. t., Grope.]

1. To catch with the hand; to clasp closely with the fingers; to clutch.

2. To seize and hold fast; to embrace closely. Wouldst thou gripe both gain and pleasure Robynson (More's Utopia).

3. To pinch; to distress. Specifically, to cause pinching and spasmodic pain to the bowels of, as by the effects of certain purgative or indigestible substances. How inly sorrow gripes his soul. Shak.

GRIPE Gripe, v. i.

1. To clutch, hold, or pinch a thing, esp. money, with a gripe or as with a gripe.

2. To suffer griping pains. Jocke.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: To tend to come up into the wind, as a ship which, when sailing closehauled, requires constant labor at the helm. R. H. Dana, Jr.

GRIPE Gripe, n.

1. Grasp; seizure; fast hold; clutch. A barren scepter in my gripe. Shak.

2. That on which the grasp is put; a handle; a grip; as, the gripe of a sword.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: A device for grasping or holding anything; a brake to stop a wheel.

4. Oppression; cruel exaction; affiction; pinching distress; as, the gripe of poverty.

5. Pinching and spasmodic pain in the intestines; -- chiefly used in the plural.

6. (Naut.) (a) The piece of timber which terminates the keel at the fore end; the forefoot. (b) The compass or sharpness of a ship's stern under the water, having a tendency to make her keep a good wind. (c) pl.

Defn: An assemblage of ropes, dead-eyes, and hocks, fastened to ringbolts in the deck, to secure the boats when hoisted; also, broad bands passed around a boat to secure it at the davits and prevent swinging. Gripe penny, a miser; a niggard. D. L. Mackenzie.

GRIPEFUL Gripe"ful, a.

Defn: Disposed to gripe; extortionate.

GRIPER Grip"er, a.

Defn: One who gripes; an oppressor; an extortioner. Burton.

GRIPINGLY Grip"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a griping or oppressive manner. Bacon.

GRIPMAN Grip"man, n.

Defn: The man who manipulates a grip.

GRIPPE Grippe, n. Etym: [F.] (Med.)

Defn: The influenza or epidemic catarrh. Dunglison.

GRIPPER Grip"per, n.

1. One who, or that which, grips or seizes.

2. pl.

Defn: In printing presses, the fingers or nippers.

GRIPPLE Grip"ple, n.

Defn: A grasp; a gripe. [Obs.] Spenser.

GRIPPLE Grip"ple, a. Etym: [Dim. fr. gripe.]

Defn: Griping; greedy; covetous; tenacious. [Obs.] Spenser.

GRIPPLENESS Grip"ple*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being gripple. [Obs.]

GRIPSACK Grip"sack`, n.

Defn: A traveler's handbag. [Colloq.]

GRIS Gris, a. Etym: [OF. & F., fr. LL. griseus; of German origin; cf. MHG. gris, G. greis, hoary. Cf. Grizzle.]

Defn: Gray. [R.] Chaucer.

GRIS Gris, n. Etym: [OF., fr. gris gray. Cf. G. grauwerk (lit. gray work) the gray skin of the Siberian squirrel. See Gris, a.]

Defn: A costly kind of fur. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GRIS Gris (grîs), n. sing. & pl. Etym: [See Grice a pig.]

Defn: A little pig. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

GRISAILLE Gri"saille`, n. Etym: [F., from gris gray.]

1. (Fine Arts)

Defn: Decorative painting in gray monochrome; -- used in English especially for painted glass.

2. A kind of French fancy dress goods. Knight.

GRISAMBER Gris"am`ber, n. Etym: [See Ambergris.]

Defn: Ambergris. [Obs.] Milton.

GRISE Grise (gris), n.

Defn: See Grice, a pig. [Prov. Eng.]

GRISE Grise (gris or gres), n. Etym: [Prop. pl. of gree a step.]

Defn: A step (in a flight of stairs); a degree. [Obs.] Every grise of fortune is smoothed by that below. Shak.

GRISEOUS Gris"e*ous, a. Etym: [LL. griseus. See Gris.]

Defn: Of a light color, or white, mottled with black or brown; grizzled or grizzly. Maunder.

GRISETTE Gri*sette", n. Etym: [F., fr. grisette a gray woolen cloth, fr. gris gray. Grisettes were so called because they wore gray gowns made of this stuff. See Gars.]

Defn: A French girl or young married woman of the lower class; more frequently, a young working woman who is fond of gallantry. Sterne.

GRISKIN Gris"kin, n. Etym: [Grise a pig + -kin.]

Defn: The spine of a hog. [Obs.]

GRISLED Gri"sled, a. Etym: [Obs.]

Defn: See Grizzled.

GRISLINESS Gris"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being grisly; horrid. Sir P. Sidney.

GRISLY Gris"ly, a. Etym: [OE, grisly, grislich, AS. grislic, gryslic, fr. gro shudder; cf. OD. grijselick horrible, OHG. grisenlch, and also AS. gresan to frighten, and E. gruesome.]

Defn: Frightful; horrible; dreadful; harsh; as, grisly locks; a grisly specter. "Grisly to behold." Chaucer. A man of grisly and stern gravity. Robynson (More's Utopia). Grisly bear. (Zoöl.) See under Grizzly.

GRISON Gri"son, n. Etym: [F., fr. grison gray, gray-haired, gris gray. See Gris.] (Zoöl.) (a) A South American animal of the family Mustelidae (Galictis vittata). It is about two feet long, exclusive of the tail. Its under parts are black. Also called South American glutton. (b) A South American monkey (Lagothrix infumatus), said to be gluttonous.

GRISONS Gri"sons, n. pl. Etym: [F.] (Geog.) (a) Inhabitants of the eastern Swiss Alps. (b) sing.

Defn: The largest and most eastern of the Swiss cantons.

GRIST Grist, n. Etym: [AS. grist, fr. grindan. See Grind.]

1. Ground corn; that which is ground at one time; as much grain as is carried to the mill at one time, or the meal it produces. Get grist to the mill to have plenty in store. Tusser. Q.

2. Supply; provision. Swift.

3. In rope making, a given size of rope, common grist being a rope three inches in circumference, with twenty yarns in each of the three strands. Knight. All is grist that comes to his mill, all that he has anything to do with is a source of profit. [Colloq.] -- To bring grist to the maill, to bring profitable business into one's hands; to be a source of profit. [Colloq.] Ayliffe.

GRISTLE Gris"tle, n. Etym: [OE. gristel, gristil, AS. gristl; akin to OFries. gristel, grestel. Perh. a dim. of grist but cf. OHG. krustila, krostela. Cf. Grist.] (Anat.)

Defn: Cartilage. See Cartilage. Bacon.

GRISTLY Gris"tly, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Consisting of, or containing, gristle; like gristle; cartilaginous.

GRISTMILL Grist"mill", n.

Defn: A mill for grinding grain; especially, a mill for grinding grists, or portions of grain brought by different customers; a custom mill.

GRIT Grit, n. Etym: [OE, greet, greot, sand, gravel, AS. greót grit, sant, dust; akin to OS griott, OFries. gret gravel, OHG. grioz, G. griess, Icel. grjot, and to E. groats, grout. See Groats, Grout, and cf. Grail gravel.]

1. Sand or gravel; rough, hard particles.

2. The coarse part of meal.

3. pl.

Defn: Grain, esp. oats or wheat, hulled and coarsely ground; in high milling, fragments of cracked wheat smaller than groats.

4. (Geol.)

Defn: A hard, coarse-grained siliceous sandstone; as, millstone grit; -- called also gritrock and gritstone. The name is also applied to a finer sharp-grained sandstone; as, grindstone grit.

5. Structure, as adapted to grind or sharpen; as, a hone of good grit.

6. Firmness of mind; invincible spirit; unyielding courage; fortitude. C. Reade. E. P. Whipple.

GRIT Grit, v. i.

Defn: To give forth a grating sound, as sand under the feet; to grate; to grind. The sanded floor that grits beneath the tread. Goldsmith.

GRIT Grit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gritted; p. pr. &, vb. n. Gritting.]

Defn: To grind; to rub harshly together; to grate; as, to grit the teeth. [Collog.]

GRITH Grith, n. Etym: [AS. grith peace; akin to Icel. grid.]

Defn: Peace; security; agreement. [Obs.] Gower.

GRITROCK; GRITSTONE Grit"rock`, Grit"stone` n. (Geol.)

Defn: See Grit, n., 4.

GRITTINESS Grit"ti*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being gritty.

GRITTY Grit"ty, a.

1. Containing sand or grit; consisting of grit; caused by grit; full of hard particles.

2. Spirited; resolute; unyielding. [Colloq., U. S.]

GRIVET Griv"et, n. Etym: [Cf. F. grivet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A monkey of the upper Nile and Abyssinia (Cercopithecus griseoviridis), having the upper parts dull green, the lower parts white, the hands, ears, and face black. It was known to the ancient Egyptians. Called also tota.

GRIZE Grize, n.

Defn: Same as 2d Grise. [Obs.]

GRIZELIN Griz"e*lin, a.

Defn: See Gridelin.

GRIZZLE Griz"zle, n. Etym: [F. gris: cf. grisaille hair partly gray, fr. gris gray. See Gris, and cf. Grisaille.]

Defn: Gray; a gray color; a mixture of white and black. Shak.

GRIZZLED Griz"zled, a.

Defn: Gray; grayish; sprinkled or mixed with gray; of a mixed white and black. Grizzled hair flowing in elf locks. Sir W. Scott.

GRIZZLY Griz"zly, a.

Defn: Somewhat gray; grizzled. Old squirrels that turn grizzly. Bacon. Grizzly bear (Zoöl.), a large and ferocious bear (Ursus horribilis) of Western North America and the Rocky Mountains. It is remarkable for the great length of its claws.

GRIZZLY Griz"zly, n.; pl. Grizzlies (.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A grizzly bear. See under Grizzly, a.

2. pl.

Defn: In hydraulic mining, gratings used to catch and throw out large stones from the sluices. [Local, U. S.] Raymond.

GROAN Groan, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groaned; p. pr. & vb. n. Groaning.] Etym: [OE. gronen, granen, granien, AS. gr, fr. the root of grennian to grin. *35. See 2d Grin, and cf. Grunt.]

1. To give forth a low, moaning sound in breathing; to utter a groan, as in pain, in sorrow, or in derision; to moan. For we . . . do groan, being burdened. 2 Cor. v. 4. He heard the groaning of the oak. Sir W. Scott.

2. To strive after earnestly, as with groans. Nothing but holy, pure, and clear, Or that which groaneth to be so. Herbert.

GROAN Groan, v. t.

Defn: To affect by groans.

GROAN Groan, n.

Defn: A low, moaning sound; usually, a deep, mournful sound uttered in pain or great distress; sometimes, an expression of strong disapprobation; as, the remark was received with groans. Such groans of roaring wind and rain. Shak. The wretched animal heaved forth such groans. Shak.

GROANFUL Groan"ful, a.

Defn: Agonizing; sad. [Obs.] Spenser.

GROAT Groat, n. Etym: [LG. grote, orig., great, that is, a great piece of coin, larger than other coins in former use. See Great.]

1. An old English silver coin, equal to four pence.

2. Any small sum of money.

GROATS Groats, n. pl. Etym: [OE. grot, AS. gratan; akin to Icel. grautr porridge, and to E. gritt, grout. See Grout.]

Defn: Dried grain, as oats or wheat, hulled and broken or crushed; in high milling, cracked fragments of wheat larger than grits. Embden groats, crushed oats.

GROBIAN Gro"bi*an, n. [G., fr. grob rude. Cf. Gruff, a.]

Defn: A rude or clownish person; boor; lout.

GROCER Gro"cer, n. Etym: [Formerly written grosser, orig., one who sells by the gross, or deals by wholesale, fr. F. grossier, marchand grossier, fr. gros large, great. See Gross.]

Defn: A trader who deals in tea, sugar, spices, coffee, fruits, and various other commodities. Grocer's itch (Med.), a disease of the akin, caused by handling sugar and treacle.

GROCERY Gro"cer*y, n.; pl. Groceries. Etym: [F. grosserie wholesale. See Grocer.]

1. The commodities sold by grocers, as tea, coffee, spices, etc.; -- in the United States almost always in the plural form, in this sense. A deal box . . . to carry groceries in. Goldsmith. The shops at which the best families of the neighborhood bought grocery and millinery. Macaulay.

2. A retail grocer's shop or store. [U.s.];

GROG Grog, n. Etym: [So named fronm "Old Grog" a nickmname given to Admiral Vernon, in allusion to his wearing a grogram cloak in foul weather. He is said to have been the first to dilute the rum of the sailors (about 1745).]

Defn: A mixture of spirit and water not sweetened; hence, any intoxicating liquor. Grog blossom, a redness on the nose or face of persons who drink ardent spirits to excess. [Collog.]

GROGGERY Grog"ger*y, n.; pl. Groggeries.

Defn: A grogshop. [Slang, U. S.]

GROGGINESS Grog"gi*ness, n.

1. State of being groggy.

2. (Man.)

Defn: Tenderness or stiffness in the foot of a horse, which causes him to move in a hobbling manner.

GROGGY Grog"gy, a.

1. Overcome with grog; tipsy; unsteady on the legs. [Colloq.]

2. Weakened in a fight so as to stagger; -- said of pugilists. [Cant or Slang]

3. (Man.)

Defn: Moving in a hobbling manner, owing to ten der feet; -- said of a horse. Youatt.

GROGRAM; GROGRAN Grog"ram, Grog"ran, n. Etym: [OF. gros-grain, lit., gros-grain, of a coarse texture. See Gross, and Grain a kernel, and cf. Grog.]

Defn: A coarse stuff made of silk and mohair, or of coarse silk.

GROGSHOP Grog"shop`, n.

Defn: A shop or room where strong liquors are sold and drunk; a dramshop.

GROIN Groin, n. Etym: [F. groin, fr. grogner to grunt, L. grunnire.]

Defn: The snout of a swine. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GROIN Groin, v. i. Etym: [F. grogner to grunt, grumble.]

Defn: To grunt to growl; to snarl; to murmur. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bears that groined coatinually. Spenser.

GROIN Groin, n. Etym: [Icel. grein distinction, division, branch; akin to Sw. gren, branch, space between the legs, Icel. greina to distinguish, divide, Sw. grena to branch, straddle. Cf. Grain a branch.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The line between the lower part of the abdomen and the thigh, or the region of this line; the inguen.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: The projecting solid angle formed by the meeting of two vaults, growing more obtuse as it approaches the summit.

3. (Math.)

Defn: The surface formed by two such vaults.

4. A frame of woodwork across a beach to accumulate and retain shingle. [Eng.] Weale.

GROIN Groin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Groined; p. pr. & vb. n. Groining.] (Arch.)

Defn: To fashion into groins; to build with groins. The hand that rounded Peter's dome, And groined the aisles of Christian Rome, Wrought in a sad sincerity. Emerson.

GROINED Groined, a. (Arch.)

Defn: Built with groins; as, a groined ceiling; a groined vault.

GROLIER Gro"lier`, n.

Defn: The name by which Jean Grolier de Servier (1479-1565), a French bibliophile, is commonly known; -- used in naming a certain style of binding, a design, etc.

Grolier binding, a book binding decorated with a pattern imitated from those given covers of books bound for Jean Grolier, and bearing his name and motto. --Grolier design or school, the pattern of interlacing bars, bands, or ribbons, with little scrolls of slender gold lines, assumed to be an imitation of the designs on Jean Grolier's book bindings.

GROMET Grom"et, n.

Defn: Same as Grommet.

GROMILL Grom"ill, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Gromwell.

GROMMET Grom"met, n. Etym: [F. gourmette curb, curb chain, fr. gourmer to curb, thump, beat; cf. Armor. gromm a curb, gromma to curb.]

1. A ring formed by twisting on itself a single strand of an unlaid rope; also, a metallic eyelet in or for a sail or a mailbag. Sometimes written grummet.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A ring of rope used as a wad to hold a cannon ball in place.

GROMWELL Grom"well, n. Etym: [Called also gromel, grommel, graymill, and gray millet, all prob. fr. F. grmil, cf. W. cromandi.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Lithospermum (L. arvense), anciently used, because of its stony pericarp, in the cure of gravel. The German gromwell is the Stellera. [Written also gromill.]

GROND Grond,

Defn: obs. imp. of Grind. Chaucer.

GRONTE Gron"te,

Defn: obs. imp. of Groan. Chaucer.

GROOM Groom, n. Etym: [Cf. Scot. grome, groyme, grume, gome, guym, man, lover, OD. grom boy, youth; perh. the r is an insertion as in E. bridegroom, and the word is the same as AS. guma man. See Bridegroom.]

1. A boy or young man; a waiter; a servant; especially, a man or boy who has charge of horses, or the stable. Spenser.

2. One of several officers of the English royal household, chiefly in the lord chamberlain's department; as, the groom of the chamber; the groom of the stole.

3. A man recently married, or about to be married; a bridegroom. Dryden. Groom porter, formerly an officer in the English royal household, who attended to the furnishing of the king's lodgings and had certain privileges.

GROOM Groom, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groomed; p. pr. & vb. n. Grooming.]

Defn: To tend or care for, or to curry or clean, as a, horse.

GROOMER Groom"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, grooms horses; especially, a brush rotated by a flexible or jointed revolving shaft, for cleaning horses.

GROOMSMAN Grooms"man, n.; pl. Groomsmen (.

Defn: A male attendant of a bridegroom at his wedding; -- the correlative of bridesmaid.

GROOPER Groop"er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Grouper.

GROOVE Groove, n. Etym: [D. groef, groeve; akin to E. grove. See Grove.]

1. A furrow, channel, or long hollow, such as may be formed by cutting, molding, grinding, the wearing force of flowing water, or constant travel; a depressed way; a worn path; a rut.

2. Hence: The habitual course of life, work, or affairs; fixed routine. The gregarious trifling of life in the social groove. J. Morley.

3. Etym: [See Grove.] (Mining)

Defn: A shaft or excavation. [Prov. Eng.]

GROOVE Groove, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grooved; p. pr. & vb. n. Groving.]

Defn: To cut a groove or channel in; to form into channels or grooves; to furrow.

GROOVER Groov"er, n.

1. One who or that which grooves.

2. A miner. [Prov. Eng.] Holloway.

GROOVING Groov"ing, n.

Defn: The act of forming a groove or grooves; a groove, or collection of grooves.

GROPE Grope, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groped; p. pr. & vb. n. Groping.] Etym: [OE. gropen, gropien, grapien, AS. gr to touch, grope, fr. gr to gripe. See Gripe.]

1. To feel with or use the hands; to handle. [Obs.]

2. To search or attempt to find something in the dark, or, as a blind person, by feeling; to move about hesitatingly, as in darkness or obscurity; to feel one's way, as with the hands, when one can not see. We grope for the wall like the blind. Is. lix. 10. To grope a little longer among the miseries and sensualities ot a worldly life. Buckminster.

GROPE Grope, v. t.

1. To search out by feeling in the dark; as, we groped our way at midnight.

2. To examine; to test; to sound. [Obs.] Chaucer. Felix gropeth him, thinking to have a bribe. Genevan Test. (Acts xxiv. ).

GROPER Grop"er, n.

Defn: One who gropes; one who feels his way in the dark, or searches by feeling.

GROPING-LY Grop"ing-ly, adv.

Defn: In a groping manner.

GROS Gros, n. Etym: [F. See Gross.]

Defn: A heavy silk with a dull finish; as, gros de Naples; gros de Tours.

GROSBEAK Gros"beak, n. Etym: [Gross + beak: cf. F. gros-bec.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of various species of finches having a large, stout beak. The common European grosbeak or hawfinch is Coccothraustes vulgaris.

Note: Among the best known American species are the rose-breasted (Habia Ludoviciana); the blue (Guiraca coerulea); the pine (Pinicola enucleator); and the evening grosbeak. See Hawfinch, and Cardinal grosbeak, Evening grosbeak, under Cardinal and Evening. [Written also grossbeak.] Habia Ludoviciana).

GROSCHEN Grosch"en, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: A small silver coin and money of account of Germany, worth about two cents. It is not included in the new monetary system of the empire.

GROSGRAIN Gros"grain`, a. Etym: [F. Cf. Grogram.]

Defn: Of a coarse texture; -- applied to silk with a heavy thread running crosswise.

GROSS Gross, a. [Compar. Grosser (; superl. Grossest.] Etym: [F. gros, L. grossus, perh. fr. L. crassus thick, dense, fat, E. crass, cf. Skr. grathita tied together, wound up, hardened. Cf. Engross, Grocer, Grogram.]

1. Great; large; bulky; fat; of huge size; excessively large. "A gross fat man." Shak. A gross body of horse under the Duke. Milton.

2. Coarse; rough; not fine or delicate.

3. Not easily aroused or excited; not sensitive in perception or feeling; dull; witless. Tell her of things that no gross ear can hear. Milton.

4. Expressing, Or originating in, animal or sensual appetites; hence, coarse, vulgar, low, obscene, or impure. The terms which are delicate in one age become gross in the next. Macaulay.

5. Thick; dense; not attenuated; as, a gross medium.

6. Great; palpable; serious; vagrant; shameful; as, a gross mistake; gross injustice; gross negligence.

7. Whole; entire; total; without deduction; as, the gross sum, or gross amount, the gross weight; -- opposed to net. Gross adventure (Law) the loan of money upon bottomry, i. e., on a mortgage of a ship. -- Gross average (Law), that kind of average which falls upon the gross or entire amount of ship, cargo, and freight; -- commonly called general average. Bouvier. Burrill. -- Gross receipts, the total of the receipts, before they are diminished by any deduction, as for expenses; -- distinguished from net profits. Abbott. -- Gross weight the total weight of merchandise or goods, without deduction for tare, tret, or waste; -- distinguished from neat, or net, weight.

GROSS Gross, n. Etym: [F. gros (in sense 1), grosse (in sense 2) See Gross, a.]

1. The main body; the chief part, bulk, or mass. "The gross of the enemy." Addison. For the gross of the people, they are considered as a mere herd of cattle. Burke.

2. sing. & pl.

Defn: The number of twelve dozen; twelve times twelve; as, a gross of bottles; ten gross of pens. Advowson in gross (Law), an advowson belonging to a person, and not to a manor. -- A great gross, twelve gross; one hundred and forty-four dozen. -- By the gross, by the quantity; at wholesale. -- Common in gross. (Law) See under Common, n. -- In the gross, In gross, in the bulk, or the undivided whole; all parts taken together.

GROSSBEAK Gross"beak`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Grosbeak.

GROSS-HEADED Gross"-head`ed, a.

Defn: Thick-skulled; stupid.

GROSSIFICATION Gross`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Gross + L. ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.]

1. The act of making gross or thick, or the state of becoming so.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The swelling of the ovary of plants after fertilization. Henslow.

GROSSLY Gross"ly, adv.

Defn: In a gross manner; greatly; coarsely; without delicacy; shamefully; disgracefully.

GROSSNESS Gross"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being gross; thickness; corpulence; coarseness; shamefulness. Abhor the swinish grossness that delights to wound the' ear of delicacy. Dr. T. Dwight.

GROSSULAR Gros"su*lar, a. Etym: [NL. grossularius, from Grossularia a subgenus of Ribes, including the gooseberry, fr. F. groseille. See Gooseberry.]

Defn: Pertaining too, or resembling, a gooseberry; as, grossular garnet.

GROSSULAR Gros"su*lar, n. Etym: [See Grossular, a.] (Min.)

Defn: A translucent garnet of a pale green color like that of the gooseberry; -- called also grossularite.

GROSSULARIA Gros`su*la"ria, n. Etym: [NL. See Grossular.] (Min.)

Defn: Same as Grossular.

GROSSULIN Gros"su*lin, n. Etym: [See Grossular.] (Chem.)

Defn: A vegetable jelly, resembling pectin, found in gooseberries (Ribes Grossularia) and other fruits.

GROT Grot, n. Etym: [F. grotte, It. grotta. See Grotto.]

Defn: A grotto. [Poetic] Milton.

GROT; GROTE Grot, Grote (, n.

Defn: A groat. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GROTESQUE Gro*tesque", a. Etym: [F., fr. It. grottesco, fr. grotta grotto. See Grotto.]

Defn: Like the figures found in ancient grottoes; grottolike; wildly or strangely formed; whimsical; extravagant; of irregular forms and proportions; fantastic; ludicrous; antic. "Grotesque design." Dryden. "Grotesque incidents." Macaulay.

GROTESQUE Gro*tesque, n.

1. A whimsical figure, or scene, such as is found in old crypts and grottoes. Dryden.

2. Artificial grotto-work.

GROTESQUELY Gro*tesque"ly, adv.

Defn: In a grotesque manner.

GROTESQUENESS Gro*tesque"ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being grotesque.

GROTESQUERY Gro*tesqu"er*y, n. [Written also grotesquerie.] [From Grotesque.]

Defn: Grotesque action, speech, or manners; grotesque doings. "The sustained grotesquery of Feather-top." K. L. Bates.

Vileness, on the other hand, becomes grotesquerie, wonderfully converted into a subject of laughter. George Gissing.

GROTTO Grot"to, n.; pl. Grottoes. Etym: [Formerly grotta, fr. It. grotta, LL. grupta, fr. L. crypta a con cealed subterranran passage vault, cavern, Gr. Grot, Crypt.]

Defn: A natural covered opening in the earth; a cave; also, an artificial recess, cave, or cavernlike apartment.

GROTTO-WORK Grot"to-work`, n.

Defn: Artificial and ornamental rockwork in imitation of a grotto. Cowper.

GROUND Ground, n. Etym: [OE. ground, grund, AS. grund; akin to D. grond, OS., G., Sw., & Dan. grund, Icel. grunnr bottom, Goth. grundus (in composition); perh. orig. meaning, dust, gravel, and if so perh. akin to E. grind.]

1. The surface of the earth; the outer crust of the globe, or some indefinite portion of it. There was not a man to till the ground. Gen. ii. 5. The fire ran along upon the ground. Ex. ix. 23. Hence:

Defn: A floor or pavement supposed to rest upon the earth.

2. Any definite portion of the earth's surface; region; territory; country. Hence: A territory appropriated to, or resorted to, for a particular purpose; the field or place of action; as, a hunting or fishing ground; a play ground. From . . . old Euphrates, to the brook that parts Egypt from Syrian ground. Milton.

3. Land; estate; possession; field; esp. (pl.), the gardens, lawns, fields, etc., belonging to a homestead; as, the grounds of the estate are well kept. Thy next design is on thy neighbor's grounds. Dryden. 4.

4. The basis on which anything rests; foundation. Hence: The foundation of knowledge, belief, or conviction; a premise, reason, or datum; ultimate or first principle; cause of existence or occurrence; originating force or agency; as, the ground of my hope.

5. (Paint. & Decorative Art) (a) That surface upon which the figures of a composition are set, and which relieves them by its plainness, being either of one tint or of tints but slightly contrasted with one another; as, crimson Bowers on a white ground. See Background, Foreground, and Middle-ground. (b) In sculpture, a flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief. (c) In point lace, the net of small meshes upon which the embroidered pattern is applied; as, Brussels ground. See Brussels lace, under Brussels.

6. (Etching)

Defn: A gummy composition spread over the surface of a metal to be etched, to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is made by the needle.

7. (Arch.)

Defn: One of the pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to which moldings, etc., are attached; -- usually in the plural.

Note: Grounds are usually put up first and the plastering floated flush with them.

8. (Mus.) (a) A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody. (b) The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song. Moore (Encyc.). On that ground I'll build a holy descant. Shak.

9. (Elec.)

Defn: A conducting connection with the earth, whereby the earth is made part of an electrical circuit.

10. pl.

Defn: Sediment at the bottom of liquors or liquids; dregs; lees; feces; as, coffee grounds.

11. The pit of a theater. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Ground angling, angling with a weighted line without a float. -- Ground annual (Scots Law), an estate created in land by a vassal who instead of selling his land outright reserves an annual ground rent, which becomes a perpetual charge upon the land. -- Ground ash. (Bot.) See Groutweed. -- Ground bailiff (Mining), a superintendent of mines. Simmonds. -- Ground bait, bits of bread, boiled barley or worms, etc., thrown into the water to collect the fish, Wallon. -- Ground bass or base (Mus.), fundamental base; a fundamental base continually repeated to a varied melody. -- Ground beetle (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of carnivorous beetles of the family Carabidæ, living mostly in burrows or under stones, etc. -- Ground chamber, a room on the ground floor. -- Ground cherry. (Bot.) (a) A genus (Physalis) of herbaceous plants having an inflated calyx for a seed pod: esp., the strawberry tomato (P. Alkekengi). See Alkekengl. (b) A European shrub (Prunus Chamæcerasus), with small, very acid fruit. -- Ground cuckoo. (Zoöl.) See Chaparral cock. -- Ground cypress. (Bot.) See Lavender cotton. -- Ground dove (Zoöl.), one of several small American pigeons of the genus Columbigallina, esp. C. passerina of the Southern United States, Mexico, etc. They live chiefly on the ground. -- Ground fish (Zoöl.), any fish which constantly lives on the botton of the sea, as the sole, turbot, halibut. -- Ground floor, the floor of a house most nearly on a level with the ground; -- called also in America, but not in England, the first floor. -- Ground form (Gram.), the stem or basis of a word, to which the other parts are added in declension or conjugation. It is sometimes, but not always, the same as the root. -- Ground furze (Bot.), a low slightly thorny, leguminous shrub (Ononis arvensis) of Europe and Central Asia,; -- called also rest- harrow. -- Ground game, hares, rabbits, etc., as distinguished from winged game. -- Ground hele (Bot.), a perennial herb (Veronica officinalis) with small blue flowers, common in Europe and America, formerly thought to have curative properties. -- Ground of the heavens (Astron.), the surface of any part of the celestial sphere upon which the stars may be regarded as projected. -- Ground hemlock (Bot.), the yew (Taxus baccata var. Canadensisi) of eastern North America, distinguished from that of Europe by its low, straggling stems. -- Ground hog. (Zoöl.) (a) The woodchuck or American marmot (Arctomys monax). See Woodchuck. (b) The aardvark. -- Ground hold (Naut.), ground tackle. [Obs.] Spenser. -- Ground ice, ice formed at the bottom of a body of water before it forms on the surface. -- Ground ivy. (Bot.) A trailing plant; alehoof. See Gill. -- Ground joist, a joist for a basement or ground floor; a. sleeper. -- Ground lark (Zoöl.), the European pipit. See Pipit. -- Ground laurel (Bot.). See Trailing arbutus, under Arbutus. -- Ground line (Descriptive Geom.), the line of intersection of the horizontal and vertical planes of projection. -- Ground liverwort (Bot.), a flowerless plant with a broad flat forking thallus and the fruit raised on peduncled and radiated receptacles (Marchantia polymorpha). -- Ground mail, in Scotland, the fee paid for interment in a churchyard. -- Ground mass (Geol.), the fine-grained or glassy base of a rock, in which distinct crystals of its constituents are embedded. -- Ground parrakeet (Zoöl.), one of several Australian parrakeets, of the genera Callipsittacus and Geopsittacus, which live mainly upon the ground. -- Ground pearl (Zoöl.), an insect of the family Coccidæ (Margarodes formicarum), found in ants' nests in the Bahamas, and having a shelly covering. They are strung like beads, and made into necklaces by the natives. -- Ground pig (Zoöl.), a large, burrowing, African rodent (Aulacodus Swinderianus) about two feet long, allied to the porcupines but with harsh, bristly hair, and no spines; -- called also ground rat. -- Ground pigeon (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of pigeons which live largely upon the ground, as the tooth-billed pigeon (Didunculus strigirostris), of the Samoan Islands, and the crowned pigeon, or goura. See Goura, and Ground dove (above). -- Ground pine. (Bot.) (a) A blue-flowered herb of the genus Ajuga (A. Chamæpitys), formerly included in the genus Teucrium or germander, and named from its resinous smell. Sir L. Hill. (b) A long, creeping, evergreen plant of the genus Lycopodium (L. clavatum); -- called also club moss. (c) A tree-shaped evergreen plant about eight inches in height, of the same genus (L. dendroideum) found in moist, dark woods in the northern part of the United States. Gray. -- Ground plan (Arch.), a plan of the ground floor of any building, or of any floor, as distinguished from an elevation or perpendicular section. -- Ground plane, the horizontal plane of projection in perspective drawing. -- Ground plate. (a) (Arch.) One of the chief pieces of framing of a building; a timber laid horizontally on or near the ground to support the uprights; a ground sill or groundsel. (b) (Railroads) A bed plate for sleepers or ties; a mudsill. (c) (Teleg.) A metallic plate buried in the earth to conduct the electric current thereto. Connection to the pipes of a gas or water main is usual in cities. Knight. -- Ground plot, the ground upon which any structure is erected; hence, any basis or foundation; also, a ground plan. -- Ground plum (Bot.), a leguminous plant (Astragalus caryocarpus) occurring from the Saskatchewan to Texas, and having a succulent plum-shaped pod. -- Ground rat. (Zoöl.) See Ground pig (above). -- Ground rent, rent paid for the privilege of building on another man's land. -- Ground robin. (Zoöl.) See Chewink. -- Ground room, a room on the ground floor; a lower room. Tatler. -- Ground sea, the West Indian name for a swell of the ocean, which occurs in calm weather and without obvious cause, breaking on the shore in heavy roaring billows; -- called also rollers, and in Jamaica, the North sea. -- Ground sill. See Ground plate (a) (above). -- Ground snake (Zoöl.), a small burrowing American snake (Celuta amoena). It is salmon colored, and has a blunt tail. -- Ground squirrel. (Zoöl.) (a) One of numerous species of burrowing rodents of the genera Tamias and Spermophilus, having cheek pouches. The former genus includes the Eastern striped squirrel or chipmunk and some allied Western species; the latter includes the prairie squirrel or striped gopher, the gray gopher, and many allied Western species. See Chipmunk, and Gopher. (b) Any species of the African genus Xerus, allied to Tamias. -- Ground story. Same as Ground floor (above). -- Ground substance (Anat.), the intercellular substance, or matrix, of tissues. -- Ground swell. (a) (Bot.) The plant groundsel. [Obs.] Holland. (b) A broad, deep swell or undulation of the ocean, caused by a long continued gale, and felt even at a remote distance after the gale has ceased. -- Ground table. (Arch.) See Earth table, under Earth. -- Ground tackle (Naut.), the tackle necessary to secure a vessel at anchor. Totten. -- Ground thrush (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of bright-colored Oriental birds of the family Pittidæ. See Pitta. -- Ground tier. (a) The lowest tier of water casks in a vessel's hold. Totten. (b) The lowest line of articles of any kind stowed in a vessel's hold. (c) The lowest range of boxes in a theater. -- Ground timbers (Shipbuilding) the timbers which lie on the keel and are bolted to the keelson; floor timbers. Knight. -- Ground tit. (Zoöl.) See Ground wren (below). -- Ground wheel, that wheel of a harvester, mowing machine, etc., which, rolling on the ground, drives the mechanism. -- Ground wren (Zoöl.), a small California bird (Chamæa fasciata) allied to the wrens and titmice. It inhibits the arid plains. Called also gronnd tit, and wren lit. -- To bite the ground, To break ground. See under Bite, Break. -- To come to the ground, To fall to the ground, to come to nothing; to fail; to miscarry. -- To gain ground. (a) To advance; to proceed forward in confict; as, an army in battle gains ground. (b) To obtain an advantage; to have some success; as, the army gains ground on the enemy. (c) To gain credit; to become more prosperous or influential. -- To get, or To gather, ground, to gain ground. [R.] "Evening mist . . . gathers ground fast." Milton. There is no way for duty to prevail, and get ground of them, but by bidding higher. South. -- To give ground, to recede; to yield advantage. These nine . . . began to give me ground. Shak. --To lose ground, to retire; to retreat; to withdraw from the position taken; hence, to lose advantage; to lose credit or reputation; to decline. -- To stand one's ground, to stand firm; to resist attack or encroachment. Atterbury. -- To take the ground to touch bottom or become stranded; -- said of a ship.

GROUND Ground, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Grounding.]

1. To lay, set, or run, on the ground.

2. To found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, reason, or principle; to furnish a ground for; to fix firmly. Being rooted and grounded in love. Eph. iii. 17. So far from warranting any inference to the existence of a God, would, on the contrary, ground even an argument to his negation. Sir W. Hamilton

3. To instruct in elements or first principles.

4. (Elec.)

Defn: To connect with the ground so as to make the earth a part of an electrical circuit.

5. (Fine Arts)

Defn: To cover with a ground, as a copper plate for etching (see Ground, n., 5); or as paper or other materials with a uniform tint as a preparation for ornament.

GROUND Ground, v. i.

Defn: To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed; as, the ship grounded on the bar.

GROUND Ground,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Grind. Ground cock, a cock, the plug of which is ground into its seat, as distinguished from a compression cock. Knight. -- Ground glass, glass the transparency of which has been destroyed by having its surface roughened by grinding. -- Ground joint, a close joint made by grinding together two pieces, as of metal with emery and oil, or of glass with fine sand and water.

GROUNDAGE Ground"age, n.

Defn: A local tax paid by a ship for the ground or space it occupies while in port. Bouvier.

GROUNDEDLY Ground"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a grounded or firmly established manner. Glanvill.

GROUNDEN Ground"en, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Grind. Chaucer.

GROUNDING Ground"ing, n.

Defn: The act, method, or process of laying a groundwork or foundation; hence, elementary instruction; the act or process of applying a ground, as of color, to wall paper, cotton cloth, etc.; a basis.

GROUNDLESS Ground"less, a. Etym: [AS. grundleás bottomless.]

Defn: Without ground or foundation; wanting cause or reason for support; not authorized; false; as, groundless fear; a groundless report or assertion. -- Ground"less*ly, adv. -- Ground"less*ness, n.

GROUNDLING Ground"ling, n. Etym: [Ground + -ling.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish that keeps at the bottom of the water, as the loach.

2. A spectator in the pit of a theater, which formerly was on the ground, and without floor or benches. No comic buffoon to make the groundlings laugh. Coleridge.

GROUNDLY Ground"ly, adv.

Defn: Solidly; deeply; thoroughly. [Obs.] Those whom princes do once groundly hate, Let them provide to die as sure us fate. Marston.

GROUNDNUT Ground"nut`, n. (Bot.) (a) The fruit of the Arachis hypogæa (native country uncertain); the peanut; the earthnut. (b) A leguminous, twining plant (Apios tuberosa), producing clusters of dark purple flowers and having a root tuberous and pleasant to the taste. (c) The dwarf ginseng (Aralia trifolia). [U. S.] Gray. (d) A European plant of the genus Bunium (B. flexuosum) having an edible root of a globular shape aud sweet, aromatic taste; -- called also earthnut, earth chestnut, hawknut, and pignut.

GROUNDSEL Ground"sel, n. Etym: [OE. grundswilie, AS. gpundeswylige, grundeswelge, earlier gundiswilge; gund matter, pus + swelgan to swallow. So named as being good for a running from the eye. See Swallow, v.] (Bot.)

Defn: An annual composite plant (Senecio vulgaris) one of the most common, and widely distributed weeds on the globe.

GROUNDSEL Ground"sel, n. Etym: [Ground + sill.]

Defn: See Ground

GROUNDSILL Ground"sill`

Defn:

GROUNDWORK Ground"work`, n.

Defn: That which forms the foundation or support of anything; the basis; the essential or fundamental part; first principle. Dryden.

GROUP Group, n. Etym: [F groupe, It. gruppo, groppo, cluster, bunch, packet, group; of G. origin: cf. G. krepf craw, crop, tumor, bunch. See Crop, n.]

1. A cluster, crowd, or throng; an assemblage, either of persons or things, collected without any regular form or arrangement; as, a group of men or of trees; a group of isles.

2. An assemblage of objects in a certain order or relation, or having some resemblance or common characteristic; as, groups of strata.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: A variously limited assemblage of animals or planta, having some resemblance, or common characteristics in form or structure. The term has different uses, and may be made to include certain species of a genus, or a whole genus, or certain genera, or even several orders.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: A number of eighth, sixteenth, etc., notes joined at the stems; -- sometimes rather indefinitely applied to any ornament made up of a few short notes.

GROUP Group, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grouped; p. pr. & vb. n. Grouping.] Etym: [Cf. F. grouper. See Group, n.]

Defn: To form a group of; to arrange or combine in a group or in groups, often with reference to mutual relation and the best effect; to form an assemblage of. The difficulty lies in drawing and disposing, or, as the painters term it, in grouping such a multitude of different objects. Prior. Grouped columns (Arch.), three or moro columns placed upon the same pedestal.

GROUPER Group"er, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. Pg. garupa crupper. Cf. Garbupa.] (Zoöl.) (a) One of several species of valuable food fishes of the genus Epinephelus, of the family Serranidæ, as the red grouper, or brown snapper (E. morio), and the black grouper, or warsaw (E. nigritus), both from Florida and the Gulf of Mexico. (b) The tripletail (Lobotes). (c) In California, the name is often applied to the rockfishes. [Written also groper, gruper, and trooper.]

GROUPING Group"ing, n. (Fine Arts)

Defn: The disposal or relative arrangement of figures or objects, as in, drawing, painting, and sculpture, or in ornamental design.

GROUSE Grouse, n. sing. & pl. Etym: [Prob. after the analogy of mouse, mice, fr. the earlier grice, OF. griesche meor hen: cf. F. piegrièche shrike.] (Zoöl.

Defn: ) Any of the numerous species of gallinaceous birds of the family Tetraonidæ, and subfamily Tetraoninæ, inhabiting Europe, Asia, and North America. They have plump bodies, strong, well-feathered legs, and usually mottled plumage. The group includes the ptarmigans (Lagopus), having feathered feet.

Note: Among the European species are the red grouse (Lagopus Scoticus) and the hazel grouse (Bonasa betulina). See Capercaidzie, Ptarmigan, and Heath grouse. Among the most important American species are the ruffed grouse, or New England partridge (Bonasa umbellus); the sharp-tailed grouse (Pediocætes phasianellus) of the West; the dusky blue, or pine grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) of the Rocky Mountains; the Canada grouse, or spruce partridge (D. Canadensis). See also Prairie hen, and Sage cock. The Old World sand grouse (Pterocles, etc.) belong to a very different family. See Pterocletes, and Sand grouse.

GROUSE Grouse, v. i.

Defn: To seek or shoot grouse.

GROUSER Grou"ser, n.

Defn: (Dredging, Pile Driving, etc.) A pointed timber attached to a boat and sliding vertically, to thrust into the ground as a means of anchorage.

GROUT Grout, n. Etym: [AS. grut; akin to grytt, G. grütze, griess, Icel. grautr, Lith. grudas corn, kernel, and Z. groats.]

1. Coarse meal; ground malt; pl. groats.

2. Formerly, a kind of beer or ale. [Eng.]

3. pl.

Defn: Lees; dregs; grounds. [Eng.] "Grouts of tea." Dickens.

4. A thin, coarse mortar, used for pouring into the joints of masonry and brickwork; also, a finer material, used in finishing the best ceilings. Gwilt.

GROUT Grout, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grouted; p. pr. & vb. n. Grouting.]

Defn: To fill up or finish with grout, as the joints between stones.

GROUTHEAD Grout"head`, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Growthead.

GROUTING Grout"ing, n.

Defn: The process of filling in or finishing with grout; also, the grout thus filled in. Gwilt.

GROUTNOL Grout"nol, n. Etym: [See Groat, and Noll, n.] [Obs.]

Defn: Same as Growthead. Beau. & Fl.

GROUTY Grout"y, a.

Defn: Cross; sulky; sullen. [Colloq.]

GROVE Grove, n. Etym: [AS. graf, fr. grafan to dig.

Defn: The original sense seems to have been a lane cut through trees. See Grave, v., and cf. Groove.] A smaller group of trees than a forest, and without underwood, planted, or growing naturally as if arranged by art; a wood of small extent.

Note: The Hebrew word Asherah, rendered grove in the Authorized Version of the Bible, is left untranslated in the Revised Version. Almost all modern interpreters agree that by Asherah an idol or image of some kind is intended.

GROVEL Grov"el, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groveled or Grovelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Groveling or Grovelling.] Etym: [From OE. grovelinge, grufelinge, adv., on the face, prone, which was misunderstood as a p. pr.; cf. OE. gruf, groff, in the same sense; of Scand. origin, cf. Icel. grufa, in a grufu on the face, prone, grufa to grovel.]

1. To creep on the earth, or with the face to the ground; to lie prone, or move uneasily with the body prostrate on the earth; to lie fiat on one's belly, expressive of abjectness; to crawl. To creep and grovel on the ground. Dryden.

2. To tend toward, or delight in, what is sensual or base; to be low, abject, or mean.

GROVELER Grov"el*er, n.

Defn: One who grovels; an abject wretch. [Written also groveller.]

GROVELING Grov"el*ing, a.

Defn: Lying prone; low; debased. [Written also grovelling.] "A groveling creature." Cowper.

GROVY Grov"y, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a grove; situated in, or frequenting, groves. Dampier.

GROW Grow, v. i. [imp. Grew; p. p. Grown (; p. pr. & vb. n. Growing.] Etym: [AS. grawan; akin to D. groeijen, Icel. groa, Dan. groe, Sw. gro. Cf. Green, Grass.]

1. To increase in size by a natural and organic process; to increase in bulk by the gradual assimilation of new matter into the living organism; -- said of animals and vegetables and their organs.

2. To increase in any way; to become larger and stronger; to be augmented; to advance; to extend; to wax; to accrue. Winter began to grow fast on. Knolles. Even just the sum that I do owe to you Is growing to me by Antipholus. Shak.

3. To spring up and come to matturity in a natural way; to be produced by vegetation; to thrive; to flourish; as, rice grows in warm countries. Where law faileth, error groweth. Gower.

4. To pass from one state to another; to result as an effect from a cause; to become; as, to grow pale. For his mind Had grown Suspicion's sanctuary. Byron.

5. To become attached of fixed; to adhere. Our knees shall kneel till to the ground they grow. Shak. Growing cell, or Growing slide, a device for preserving alive a minute object in water continually renewed, in a manner to permit its growth to be watched under the microscope. -- Grown over, covered with a growth. -- To grow out of, to issue from, as plants from the soil, or as a branch from the main stem; to result from. These wars have grown out of commercial considerations. A. Hamilton. -- To grow up, to arrive at full stature or maturity; as, grown up children. -- To grow together, to close and adhere; to become united by growth, as flesh or the bark of a tree severed. Howells.

Syn. -- To become; increase; enlarge; augment; improve; expand; extend.

GROW Grow, v. t.

Defn: To cause to grow; to cultivate; to produce; as, to grow a crop; to grow wheat, hops, or tobacco. Macaulay.

Syn. -- To raise; to cultivate. See Raise, v. t., 3.

GROWABLE Grow"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of growth.

GROWAN Grow"an, n. Etym: [Cf. Arm. grouan gravel, Corn. grow gravel, sand.] (Mining.)

Defn: A decomposed granite, forming a mass of gravel, as in tin lodes in Cornwall.

GROWER Grow"er, n.

Defn: One who grows or produces; as, a grower of corn; also, that which grows or increases; as, a vine may be a rank or a slow grower.

GROWL Growl, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Growled; p. pr. & vb. e. Growling.] Etym: [D. grollen to grunt, murmur, be angry; akin to G. grollen to be angry.]

Defn: To utter a deep guttural sound, sa an angry dog; to give forth an angry, grumbling sound. Gay.

GROWL Growl, v. t.

Defn: To express by growling. Thomson.

GROWL Growl, n.

Defn: The deep, threatening sound made by a surly dog; a grumbling sound.

GROWLER Growl"er, n.

1. One who growls.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The large-mouthed black bass. [Local]

3. A four-wheeled cab. [Slang, Eng.]

GROWLINGLY Growl"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a growling manner.

GROWN Grown,

Defn: p. p. of Grow.

GROWSE Growse, v. i. Etym: [Cf. gruesome, grcwsome, and G. grausen to make shudder, shiver.]

Defn: To shiver; to have chills. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Ray.

GROWTH Growth, n. Etym: [Icel. groGrow.]

1. The process of growing; the gradual increase of an animal or a vegetable body; the development from a seed, germ, or root, to full size or maturity; increase in size, number, frequency, strength, etc.; augmentation; advancement; production; prevalence or influence; as, the growth of trade; the growth of power; the growth of intemperance. Idle weeds are fast in growth. Shak.

2. That which has grown or is growing; anything produced; product; consequence; effect; result. Nature multiplies her fertile growth. Milton.

GROWTHEAD Growt"head`, n. Etym: [Lit., greathead.]

Defn: A lazy person; a blockhead. [Obs.] Tusser.

GROWTHFUL Growth"ful, a.

Defn: Having capacity of growth. [R.] J. Hamilton.

GROYNE Groyne, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Groin.

GROZING IRON Gro"zing i"ron.

1. A tool with a hardened steel point, formerly used instead of a diamond for cutting glass.

2. (Plumbing)

Defn: A tool for smoothing the solder joints of lead pipe. Knight.

GRUB Grub, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grubbed, p. pr. & vb. n. Grubbing (.] Etym: [OE. grubbin., cf. E. grab, grope.]

1. To dig in or under the ground, generally for an object that is difficult to reach or extricate; to be occupied in digging.

2. To drudge; to do menial work. Richardson.

GRUB Grub, v. t.

1. To dig; to dig up by the roots; to root out by digging; -- followed by up; as, to grub up trees, rushes, or sedge. They do not attempt to grub up the root of sin. Hare.

2. To supply with food. [Slang] Dickens.

GRUB Grub, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of an insect, especially of a beetle; -- called also grubworm. See Illust. of Goldsmith beetle, under Goldsmith. Yet your butterfly was a grub. Shak.

2. A short, thick man; a dwarf. [Obs.] Carew.

3. Victuals; food. [Slang] Halliwell. Grub ax or axe, a kind of mattock used in grubbing up roots, etc. -- Grub breaker. Same as Grub hook (below). -- Grub hoe, a heavy hoe for grubbing. -- Grub hook, a plowlike implement for uprooting stumps, breaking roots, etc. -- Grub saw, a handsaw used for sawing marble. -- Grub Street, a street in London (now called Milton Street), described by Dr. Johnson as "much inhabited by writers of small histories, dictionaries, and temporary poems, whence any mean production is called grubstreet." As an adjective, suitable to, or resembling the production of, Grub Street. I 'd sooner ballads write, and grubstreet lays. Gap.

GRUBBER Grub"ber, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, grubs; especially, a machine or tool of the nature of a grub ax, .grub hook, etc.

GRUBBLE Grub"ble, v. t. & i. Etym: [Freq. of grub, but cf. grabble.]

Defn: To feel or grope in the dark. [Obs.] Dryden.

GRUBBY Grub"by, a. Etym: [From Grub.]

Defn: Dirty; unclean. [Colloq.] The grubby game of marbles. Lond. Sat. Rev.

GRUBBY Grub"by, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Cottus; a sculpin. [Local, U. S.]

GRUBWORM Grub"worm, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Grub, n., 1. And gnats and grubworms crowded on his view. C. Smart.

GRUCCHE Grucche, v. i. Etym: [See Grudge.]

Defn: To murmur; to grumble. [Obs.] What aileth you, thus for grucche and groan. Chaucer.

GRUDGE Grudge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grudger; p. pr. & vb. n. Grudging.] Etym: [OE. grutchen, gruchen, grochen, to murmur, grumble, OF. grochier, grouchier, grocier, groucier; cf. Icel. krytja to murmur, krutr a murmur, or E. grunt.]

1. To look upon with desire to possess or to appropriate; to envy (one) the possession of; to begrudge; to covet; to give with reluctance; to desire to get back again; -- followed by the direct object only, or by both the direct and indirect objects. Tis not in thee To grudge my pleasures, to cut off my train. Shak. I have often heard the Presbyterians say, they did not grudge us our employments. Swift. They have grudged us contribution. Shak.

2. To hold or harbor with malicioua disposition or purpose; to cherish enviously. [Obs.] Perish they That grudge one thought against your majesty ! Shak.

GRUDGE Grudge, v. i.

1. To be covetous or envious; to show discontent; to murmur; to complain; to repine; to be unwilling or reluctant. Grudge not one against another. James v. 9. He eats his meat without grudging. Shak.

2. To feel compunction or grief. [Obs.] Bp. Fisher.

GRUDGE Grudge, n.

1. Sullen malice or malevolence; cherished malice, enmity, or dislike; ill will; an old cause of hatred or quarrel. Esau had conceived a mortal grudge and eumity against hie brother Jacob. South. The feeling may not be envy; it may not be imbittered by a grudge. I. Taylor.

2. Slight symptom of disease. [Obs.] Our shaken monarchy, that now lies . . . struggling againat the grudges of more dreaded calamities. Milton.

Syn. -- Pique; aversion; dislike; ill will; hatred; spite. See Pique.

GRUDGEFUL Grudge"ful, a.

Defn: Full of grudge; envious. "Grudgeful discontent." Spenser.

GRUDGEONS; GURGEONS Grud"geons, Gur"geons (, n. pl. Etym: [Prob. from P. grugir to craunch; cf. D. gruizen to crush, grind, and E. grout.]

Defn: Coarse meal. [Obs.]

GRUDGER Grudg"er, n.

Defn: One who grudges.

GRUDGINGLY Grudg"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a grudging manner.

GRUDGINGNESS Grudg"ing*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of grudging, or of being full of grudge or unwillingness.

GRUEL Gru"el, n. Etym: [OF. gruel, F. gruau; of German origin; cf. OHG. gruzzi groats, G. grütze, As. grut. See Grout.]

Defn: A light, liquid food, made by boiling meal of maize, oatmeal, or fiour in water or milk; thin porridge.

GRUELLY Gru"el*ly, a.

Defn: Like gruel; of the consistence of gruel.

GRUESOME Grue"some, a.

Defn: Same as Grewsome. [Scot.]

GRUF Gruf, adv. Etym: [Cf. Grovel.]

Defn: Forwards; with one's face to the ground. [Obs.] They fellen gruf, and cryed piteously. Chaucer.

GRUFF Gruff, a. [Compar. Gruffer (; superl. Gruffest.] Etym: [D. grof; akin to G. grob, OHG. gerob, grob, Dan. grov, Sw. grof, perh. akin to AS. rcófan to break, Z. reavc, rupture, g- standing for the AS. prefix ge-, Goth. ga-.]

Defn: Of a rough or stern manner, voice, or countenance; sour; surly; severe; harsh. Addison. Gruff, disagreeable, sarcastic remarks. Thackeray. -- Gruff"ly, adv. -- Gruff"ness, n.

GRUGRU PALM Gru"gru palm". (Bot.)

Defn: A West Indian name for several kinds of palm. See Macaw tree, under Macaw. [Written also grigri palm.]

GRUGRU WORM Gru"gru worm". (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva or grub of a large South American beetle (Calandra palmarum), which lives in the pith of palm trees and sugar cane. It is eaten by the natives, and esteemed a delicacy.

GRUM Grum, a. Etym: [Cf. Dan. grum furious, Sw. grym, AS. gram, and E. grim, and grumble.

1. Morose; severe of countenance; sour; surly; glum; grim. "Nick looked sour and grum." Arbuthnof.

2. Low; deep in the throat; guttural; rumbling; as,

GRUMBLE Grum"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grunbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Grumbling.] Etym: [Cf. LG. grummeln, grumman, D. grommelen, grommen, and F. grommeler, of German origin; cf. W. grwm, murmur, grumble, surly. sq. root35. Cf. Grum, Grim.]

1. To murmur or mutter with discontent; to make ill-natured complaints in a low voice and a surly manner. L'Avare, not using half his store, Still grumbles that he has no more. Prior.

2. To growl; to snarl in deep tones; as, a lion grumbling over his prey.

3. To rumble; to make a low, harsh, and heavy sound; to mutter; as, the distant thunder grumbles.

GRUMBLE Grum"ble, v. t.

Defn: To express or utter with grumbling.

GRUMBLE Grum"ble, n.

1. The noise of one that grumbles.

2. A grumbling, discontented disposition. A bad case of grumble. Mrs. H. H. Jacksn.

GRUMBLER Grum"bler, n.

Defn: One who grumbles.

GRUMBLINGLY Grum"bling*ly, adv.

Defn: In a grumbling manner.

GRUME Grume, n. Etym: [OF. grume, cf. F. grumeau a little heap, clot of blood, dim. fr. L. grumus.]

Defn: A thick, viscid fluid; a clot, as of blood. Quincy.

GRUMLY Grum"ly, adv.

Defn: In a grum manner.

GRUMOSE Gru*mose", a. (Bot.)

Defn: Clustered in grains at intervals; grumous.

GRUMOUS Gru"mous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. grumeleux. See Grume.]

1. Resembling or containing grume; thick; concreted; clotted; as, grumous blood.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: See Grumose.

GRUMOUSNESS Gru"mous*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being grumous.

GRUMPILY gRUMPI*LY, ADV.

Defn: In a surly manner; sullenly. [Colloq.]

GRUMPY gRUMPY, a. Etym: [Cf. Grumblle, and Grum.]

Defn: Surly; dissatisfied; grouty. [Collog.] Ferby.

GRUNDEL Grun"del, n. Etym: [See Groundling.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A groundling (fish). [Prov. Eng.]

GRUNDSEL Grundsel, n.

Defn: Grounsel. [Obs.]

GRUNDYISM Grun"dy*ism, n.

Defn: Narrow and unintelligent conventionalism. -- Grun"dy*ist, n.

GRUNT Grunt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Grunting.] Etym: [OE. grunten; akin to As. grunian, G. grunzen, Dan. grynte, Sw. grymta; all prob. of imitative; or perh. akin to E. groan.]

Defn: To make a deep, short noise, as a hog; to utter a short groan or a deep guttural sound. Who would fardels bear, To grunt and sweat under a weary life. Shak. Grunting ox (Zoöl.), the yak.

GRUNT Grunt, n.

1. A deep, guttural sound, as of a hog.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of American food fishes, of the genus Hæmulon, allied to the snappers, as, the black grunt (A. Plumieri), and the redmouth grunt (H. aurolineatus), of the Southern United States; -- also applied to allied species of the genera Pomadasys, Orthopristis, and Pristopoma. Called also pigfish, squirrel fish, and grunter; -- so called from the noise it makes when taken.

GRUNTER Grunt"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, grunts; specifically, a hog. "Bristled grunters." Tennyson.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several American marine fishes. See Sea robin, and Grunt, n., 2.

3. (Brass Founding)

Defn: A hook used in lifting a crucible.

GRUNTINGLY Grunt"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a grunting manner.

GRUNTLE Grun"tle, v. i. Etym: [Freq. of grunt.]

Defn: To grunt; to grunt repeatedly. [Obs.]

GRUNTLING Grunt"ling, n.

Defn: A young hog.

GRUTCH Grutch, v.

Defn: See Grudge. [Obs.] Hudibras.

GRUYERE CHEESE Gru"yère` cheese

Defn: '' (Gruyère, Switzerland. It is a firm cheese containing numerous cells, and is known in the United States as Schweitzerkäse.

GRY Gry, n. Etym: [Gr

1. A measure equal to one tenth of a line. [Obs.] Locke.

2. Anything very small, or of little value. [R.]

GRYDE Gryde, v. i.

Defn: To gride. See Gride. Spenser.

GRYFON Gryf"on, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Griffin. Spenser.

GRYLLUS Gryl"lus, n. Etym: [L., locust.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of insects including the common crickets.

GRYPE Grype, v. t.

Defn: To gripe. [Obs.] See Gripe. Spenser.

GRYPE Grype, n. Etym: [Gr. gry`f, grypo`s, griffin. See Griffin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A vulture; the griffin. [Written also gripe.] [Obs.]

GRYPHAEA Gry*phæ"a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. I gryphus, or qryps, gen. gryphis, a griffin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of cretaceous fossil shells allied to the oyster.

GRYPHITE Gryph"ite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. gryphite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A shell of the genus Gryphea.

GRYPHON Gryph"on, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The griffin vulture.

GRYSBOK Grys"bok n. Etym: [D. grijs gray + bok buck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small South African antelope (Neotragus melanotis). It is speckled with gray and chestnut, above; the under parts are reddish fawn.

GUACHARO Gua*cha"ro, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. guácharo sickly, dropsical, guacharaca a sort of bird.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A nocturnal bird of South America and Trinidad (Steatornis Caripensis, or S. steatornis); -- called also oilbird.

Note: It resembles the goatsuckers and nighthawks, but feeds on fruits, and nests in caverns. A pure oil, used in place of butter, is extracted from the young by the natives.

GUACHO Gua"cho, n.; pl. Guachos ( Etym: [Spanish American.]

1. One of the mixed-blood (Spanish-Indian) inhabitants of the pampas of South America; a mestizo.

2. An Indian who serves as a messenger.

GUACO Gua"co, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Bot.) (a) A plant (Aristolochia anguicida) of Carthagena, used as an antidote to serpent bites. Lindley. (b) The Mikania Guaco, of Brazil, used for the same purpose.

GUAIAC Gua"iac, a. Etym: [See Guaiacum.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, guaiacum. -- n. Guaiacum.

GUAIACOL Guai"a*col, n. [Guaiacum + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless liquid, C7H8O2, with a peculiar odor. It is the methyl ether of pyrocatechin, and is obtained by distilling guaiacum from wood-tar creosote, and in other ways. It has been used in treating pulmonary tuberculosis.

GUAIACUM Gua"ia*cum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Sp. guayaco, from native name in Hayti.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of small, crooked trees, growing in tropical America.

2. The heart wood or the resin of the Guaiacum offinale or lignum- vitæ, a large tree of the West Indies and Central America. It is much used in medicine. [Written also guaiac.]

GUAN Guan, n. ((Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of many species of large gallinaceous birds of Certal and South America, belonging to Penelope, Pipile, Ortalis, and allied genera. Several of the species are often domesticated.

GUANA Gua"na, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Iguana.

GUANACO Gua*na"co, n.; pl. Guanacos. Etym: [Sp. guanaco, Peruv. huanacu. Cf. Huanaco.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American mammal (Auchenia huanaco), allied to the llama, but of larger size and more graceful form, inhabiting the southern Andes and Patagonia. It is supposed by some to be the llama in a wild state. [Written also huanaco.]

GUANIDINE Gua"ni*dine, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A strongly alkaline base, CN3H5, formed by the oxidation of guanin, and also obtained combined with methyl in the decomposition of creatin. Boiled with dilute sulphuric acid, it yields urea and ammonia.

GUANIFEROUS Gua*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Guano + -ferous.]

Defn: Yielding guano. Ure.

GUANIN Gua"nin, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline substance (C5H5N5O) contained in guano. It is also a constituent of the liver, pancreas, and other glands in mammals.

GUANO Gua"no, n.; pl. Guanos. Etym: [Sp. guano, fr. Peruv. huanu dung.]

Defn: A substance found in great abundance on some coasts or islands frequented by sea fowls, and composed chiefly of their excrement. It is rich in phosphates and ammonia, and is used as a powerful fertilizer.

GUARA Gua"ra, n. Etym: [Braz. guará.] (Zoöl.) (a) The scarlet ibis. See Ibis. (b) A large-maned wild dog of South America (Canis jubatus) -- named from its cry.

GUARANA Gua"ra*na`, n. Etym: [Pg.] (Med.)

Defn: A preparation from the seeds of Paullinia sorbilis, a woody climber of Brazil, used in making an astringent drink, and also in the cure of headache.

GUARANINE Gua"ra*nine`, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid extracted from guarana. Same as Caffeine.

GUARANTEE Guar`an*tee", n.; pl. Guarantees. Etym: [For guaranty, prob. influenced by words like assignee, lessee, etc. See Guaranty, and cf. Warrantee.]

1. In law and common usage: A promise to answer for the payment of some debt, or the performance of some duty, in case of the failure of another person, who is, in the first instance, liable to such payment or performance; an engagement which secures or insures another against a contingency; a warranty; a security. Same as Guaranty. His interest seemed to be a guarantee for his zeal. Macaulay.

2. One who binds himself to see an undertaking of another performed; a guarantor. South.

Note: Guarantor is the correct form in this sense.

3. (Law)

Defn: The person to whom a guaranty is made; -- the correlative of guarantor.

Syn. -- Guarantee, Warranty. A guarantee is an engagement that a certain act will be done or not done in future. A warranty is an engagement as to the qualities or title of a thing at the time of the engagement.

GUARANTEE Guar"an*tee`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. guaranteed; p, pr. & vb. n. Guaranteeing.] Etym: [From Guarantee, n.]

Defn: In law and common usage: to undertake or engage for the payment of (a debt) or the performance of (a duty) by another person; to undertake to secure (a possession, right, claim, etc.) to another against a specified contingency, or at all avents; to give a guarantee concerning; to engage, assure, or secure as a thing that may be depended on; to warrant; as, to guarantee the execution of a treaty. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a republican form of government. Constitution of the U. S.

GUARANTOR Guar"an*tor`, n. Etym: [See Guaranty, and cf. Warrantor.] (Law) (a) One who makes or gives a guaranty; a warrantor; a surety. (b) One who engages to secure another in any right or possession.

GUARANTY Guar"an*ty, n.; pl. Guaranies. Etym: [OF. guarantie, garantie, F. garantie, OF. guarantir, garantir, to warrant, to guaranty, E. garantir, fr. OF. guarant, garant, a warranter, F. garant; of German origin, and from the same word as warranty. See Warrant, and cf. Warranty, Guarantee.]

Defn: In law and common usage: An undertaking to answer for the payment of some debt, or the performance of some contract or duty, of another, in case of the failure of such other to pay or perform; a guarantee; a warranty; a security.

GUARANTY Guar"an*ty, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guarantied; p. pr. & vb. n. Guarantying.] Etym: [From Guaranty, n.]

Defn: In law and common usage: To undertake or engage that another person shall perform (what he hass stipulated); to undertake to be answerable for (the debt or default of another); to engage to answer for the performance of (some promise or duty by another) in case of a failure by the latter to perform; to undertake to secure (something) to another, as in the case of a contingency. See Guarantee, v. t.

Note: Guaranty agrees in form with warranty. Both guaranty and guarantee are well authorized by legal writers in the United States. The prevailing spelling, at least for the verb, is guarantee.

GUARD Guard, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guarded; p. pr. &, vb. n. Gurding.] Etym: [OF. guarder, garder, warder, F. garder, fr. OHG. wart to be on the watch, await, G. marten. See Ward, v. & n., and cf. Guard, n.]

1. To protect from danger; to secure against surprise, attack, or injury; to keep in safety; to defend; to shelter; to shield from surprise or attack; to protect by attendance; toaccompany for protection; to vare for. For Heaven still guards the right. Shak.

2. To keep watch over, in order to prevent escape or restrain from acts of violence, or the like.

3. To protect the edge of, esp. with an ornamental border; hence, to face or ornament with lists, laces, etc. The body of your discourse it sometime guarded with fragments, and the guards are but slightly basted on neither. Shak.

4. To fasten by binding; to gird. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Syn. -- To defend, protect, shield; keep; watch.

GUARD Guard (gärd), v. i.

Defn: To watch by way of caution or defense; to be caution; to be in a state or position of defense or safety; as, careful persons guard against mistakes.

GUARD Guard, n. Etym: [OF. guarde, F. garde; of German origin; cf. OHG. wart, marto, one who watches, mata a watching, Goth. wardja watchman. See Guard, v. t.]

1. One who, or that which, guards from injury, danger, exposure, or attack; defense; protection. His greatness was no guard to bar heaven's shaft. Shak.

2. A man, or body of men, stationed to protect or control a person or position; a watch; a sentinel. The guard which kept the door of the king's house. Kings xiv. 27.

3. One who has charge of a mail coach or a railway train; a conductor. [Eng.]

4. Any fixture or attachment designed to protect or secure against injury, soiling, or defacement, theft or loss; as: (a) That part of a sword hilt which protects the hand. (b) Ornamental lace or hem protecting the edge of a garment. (c) A chain or cord for fastening a watch to one's person or dress. (d) A fence or rail to prevent falling from the deck of a vessel. (e) An extension of the deck of a vessel beyond the hull; esp., in side-wheel steam vessels, the framework of strong timbers, which curves out on each side beyond the paddle wheel, and protects it and the shaft against collision. (f) A plate of metal, beneath the stock, or the lock frame, of a gun or pistol, having a loop, called a bow, to protect the trigger. (g) (Bookbinding) An interleaved strip at the back, as in a scrap book, to guard against its breaking when filled.

5. A posture of defense in fencing, and in bayonet and saber exercise.

6. An expression or admission intended to secure against objections or censure. They have expressed themselves with as few guards and restrictions as I. Atterbury.

7. Watch; heed; care; attention; as, to keep guard.

8. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The fibrous sheath which covers the phragmacone of the Belemnites.

Note: Guard is often used adjectively or in combination; as, guard boat or guardboat; guardroom or guard room; guard duty. Advanced guard, Coast guard, etc. See under Advanced, Coast, etc. -- Grand guard (Mil.), one of the posts of the second line belonging to a system of advance posts of an army. Mahan. -- Guard boat. (a) A boat appointed to row the rounds among ships of war in a harbor, to see that their officers keep a good lookout. (b) A boat used by harbor authorities to enforce the observance of quarantine regulations. -- Guard cells (Bot.), the bordering cells of stomates; they are crescent-shaped and contain chlorophyll. -- Guard chamber, a guardroom. -- Guard detail (Mil.men from a company regiment etc., detailed for guard duty. -- Guard duty (Mil.), the duty of watching patrolling, etc., performed by a sentinel or sentinels. -- Guard lock (Engin.), a tide lock at the mouth of a dock or basin. -- Guard of honor (Mil.), a guard appointed to receive or to accompany eminent persons. -- Guard rail (Railroads), a rail placed on the inside of a main rail, on bridges, at switches, etc., as a safeguard against derailment. -- Guard ship, a war vessel appointed to superintend the marine affairs in a harbor, and also, in the English service, to receive seamen till they can be distributed among their respective ships. -- Life guard (Mil.), a body of select troops attending the person of a prince or high officer. -- Off one's guard, in a careless state; inattentive; unsuspicious of danger. -- On guard, serving in the capacity of a guard; doing duty as a guard or sentinel; watching. -- On one's guard, in a watchful state; alert; vigilant. -- To mount guard (Mil.), to go on duty as a guard or sentinel. -- To run the guard, to pass the watch or sentinel without leave.

Syn. -- Defense; shield; protection; safeguard; convoy; escort; care; attention; watch; heed.

GUARDABLE Guard"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. gardable. See Guard, v. t.]

Defn: Capable of being guarded or protected.

GUARDAGE Guard"age, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. wardage. See Guard, v. t.]

Defn: Wardship [Obs.] Shak.

GUARDANT Guard"ant, a. Etym: [OF. guardant, p. pr. of guard. See Guard, v. t.]

1. Acting as guardian. [Obs.] Shak.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Same as Gardant.

GUARDANT Guard"ant, n.

Defn: A guardian. [Obs.] Shak.

GUARDED Guard"ed, a.

Defn: Cautious; wary; circumspect; as, he was guarded in his expressions; framed or uttered with caution; as, his expressions were guarded. -- Guard"edly, adv. -- Guard"ed*ness, n.

GUARDENAGE Guard"en*age, n.

Defn: Guardianship. [Obs. & R.] " His tuition and guardenage." Holland.

GUARDER Guard"er, n.

Defn: One who guards.

GUARDFISH Guard"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The garfish.

GUARDFUL Guard"ful, a.

Defn: Cautions; wary; watchful. [Obs. or Poetic.] -- Guard"ful*ly, adv.

GUARDHOUSE Guard"house`, n. (Mil.)

Defn: A building which is occupied by the guard, and in which soldiers are confined for misconduct; hence, a lock-up.

GUARDIAN Guard"i*an, n. Etym: [OF. guardain, gardien, F. gardien, LL. guardianus. See Guard, v. t., and cf. Wasden.]

1. One who guards, preserves, or secures; one to whom any person or thing is committed for protection, security, or preservation from injury; a warden.

2. (Law)

Defn: One who has, or is entitled to, the custody of the person or property of an infant, a minor without living parents, or a person incapable of managing his own affairs. Of the several species of guardians, the first are guardians by nature. -- viz., the father and (in some cases) the mother of the child. Blockstone. Guardian ad litem ( (Law), a guardian appointed by a court of justice to conduct a particular suit. -- Guardians of the poor, the members of a board appointed or elected to care for the relief of the poor within a township, or district.

GUARDIAN Guard"i*an, a.

Defn: Performing, or appropriate to, the office of a protector; as, a guardian care. Feast of Guardian Angels (R. C. Ch.) a church festival instituted by Pope Paul V., and celebrated on October 2d. -- Guardian angel. (a) The particular spiritual being believed in some branches of the Christian church to have guardianship and protection of each human being from birth. (b) Hence, a protector or defender in general. O. W. Holmes. -- Guardian spirit, in the belief of many pagan nations, a spirit, often of a deceased relative or friend, that presides over the interests of a household, a city, or a region.

GUARDIANAGE Guard"i*an*age, n.

Defn: Guardianship. [Obs.]

GUARDIANCE Guard"i*ance, n.

Defn: Guardianship. [Obs.]

GUARDIANESS Guard"i*an*ess, n.

Defn: A female guardian. I have placed a trusty, watchful guardianess. Beau. & Fl.

GUARDIANLESS Guard"i*an*less, a.

Defn: Without a guardian. Marston.

GUARDIANSHIP Guard"i*an*ship, n.

Defn: The office, duty, or care, of a guardian; protection; care; watch.

GUARDLESS Guard"less, a.

Defn: Without a guard or defense; unguarded. Chapman.

GUARDROOM Guard"room`, n. (Mil.)

Defn: The room occupied by the guard during its term of duty; also, a room where prisoners are confined.

GUARDS Guards (gärdz), n. pl.

Defn: A body of picked troops; as, "The Household Guards."

GUARDSHIP Guard"ship, n.

Defn: Care; protection. [Obs.] Swift.

GUARDSMAN Guards"man, n.; pl. Guardsmen (.

1. One who guards; a guard.

2. A member, either officer or private, of any military body called Guards.

GUARISH Guar"ish, v. t. Etym: [OF. guarir, garir, F. guérir.]

Defn: To heal. [Obs.] Spenser.

GUATEMALA GRASS Gua`te*ma"la grass". (Bot.)

Defn: See Teosinte.

GUAVA Gua"va, n. Etym: [Sp. guayaba the guava fruit, guayabo the guava tree; prob. fr. the native West Indian name.]

Defn: A tropical tree, or its fruit, of the genus Psidium. Two varieties are well known, the P. pyriferum, or white guava, and P. pomiferum, or red guava. The fruit or berry is shaped like a pomegranate, but is much smaller. It is somewhat astringent, but makes a delicious jelly.

GUBERNANCE Gu"ber*nance, n.

Defn: Government. [Obs.]

GUBERNATE Gu"ber*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. gubernatus, p. p. of gubernare. See Govern.]

Defn: To govern. [Obs.] Cockeram.

GUBERNATION Gu"ber*na`tion, n. Etym: [L. gubernatio.]

Defn: The act of governing; government [Obs.] I. Watts.

GUBERNATIVE Gu"ber*na*tive, a.

Defn: Governing. [Obs.]

GUBERNATORIAL Gu"ber*na*to`ri*al, a. Etym: [L. gubernator governor. See Gabernate.]

Defn: Pertaining to a governor, or to government.

GUDGEON Gud"geon, n. Etym: [OE. gojon, F. goujon, from L. gobio, or gob, Gr. 1st Goby. ]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European freshwater fish (Gobio fluviatilis), allied to the carp. It is easily caught and often used for food and for bait. In America the killifishes or minnows are often called gudgeons.

2. What may be got without skill or merit. Fish not, with this melancholy bait, For this fool gudgeon, this opinion. Shak.

3. A person easily duped or cheated. Swift.

4. (Mach.)

Defn: The pin of iron fastened in the end of a wooden shaft or axle, on which it turns; formerly, any journal, or pivot, or bearing, as the pintle and eye of a hinge, but esp. the end journal of a horizontal.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: A metal eye or socket attached to the sternpost to receive the pintle of the rudder. Ball gudgeon. See under Ball.

GUDGEON Gud"geon, v. t.

Defn: To deprive fraudulently; to cheat; to dupe; to impose upon. [R.] To be gudgeoned of the opportunities which had been given you. Sir IV. Scott.

GUE Gue, n.

Defn: A sharper; a rogue. [Obs.] J. Webstar.

GUEBER; GUEBRE Gue"ber Gue"bre, n.

Defn: Same as Gheber.

GUELDERROSE Guel"der*rose, n. Etym: [Supposed to be brought from Guelderland; hence, D. Geldersche roos, G. Gelderische rose, F. rose de Gueldre, It. rose di Gueldra, Sp. rosa de Gueldres.] (Bot.)

Defn: A cultivated variety of a species of Viburnum (V. Opulus), bearing large bunches of white flowers; -- called also snowball tree.

GUELPH; GUELF Guelph, Guelf, n. Etym: [It. Guelfo, from Welf, the name of a German family.] (Hist.)

Defn: One of a faction in Germany and Italy, in the 12th and 13th centuries, which supported the House of Guelph and the pope, and opposed the Ghibellines, or faction of the German emperors.

GUELPHIC; GUELFIC Guelph"ic, Guelf"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the family or the facttion of the Guelphs.

GUENON Guenon", n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several long-tailed Oriental monkeys, of the genus Cercocebus, as the green monkey and grivet.

GUEPARDE Gue`parde", n. Etym: [Cf. F. guépard.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cheetah.

GUERDON Guer"don, n. Etym: [OF. guerdon, guerredon, LL. widerdonum (influenced by L. donum gift, cf. Donation ), fr. OHG. widarl; widar again, against (G. wider wieder) + lon reward, G. lohn, akin to AS. leán Goth. laun. See Withers.]

Defn: A reward; requital; recompense; -- used in both a good and a bad sense. Macaulay. So young as to regard men's frown or smile As loss or guerdon of a glorious lot. Byron. He shall, by thy revenging hand, at once receive the just guerdon of all his former villainies. Knolles.

GUERDON Guer"don, v. t. Etym: [OF. guerdonner, guerredonner. See Guerdon, n.]

Defn: To give guerdon to; to reward; to be a recompense for. [R.] Him we gave a costly bribe To guerdon silence. Tennyson.

GUERDONABLE Guer"don*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. guerredonable.]

Defn: Worthy of reward. Sir G. Buck.

GUERDONLESS Guer"don*less, a.

Defn: Without reward or guerdon.

GUEREZA Gue*re"za, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A beautiful Abyssinian monkey (Colobus guereza), having the body black, with a fringe of long, silky, white hair along the sides, and a tuft of the same at the end of the tail. The frontal band, cheeks, and chin are white.

GUERILLA Gue*ril"la, a.

Defn: See Guerrilla.

GUERITE Guer"ite, n. Etym: [F. guérite.] (Fort.)

Defn: A projecting turret for a sentry, as at the salient angles of works, or the acute angles of bastions.

GUERNSEY LILY Guern"sey lil"y. (Bot.)

Defn: A South African plant (Nerine Sarniensis) with handsome lilylike flowers, naturalized on the island of Guernsey.

GUERRILLA Guer*ril"la, n. Etym: [Sp., lit., a little war, skirmish, dim. of guerra war, fr. OHG. werra discord, strife. See War.]

1. An irregular mode of carrying on war, by the constant attacks of independent bands, adopted in the north of Spain during the Peninsular war.

2. One who carries on, or assists in carrying on, irregular warfare; especially, a member of an independent band engaged in predatory excursions in war time.

Note: The term guerrilla is the diminutive of the Spanish word guerra, war, and means petty war, that is, war carried on by detached parties; generally in the mountains. . . . A guerrilla party means, an irregular band of armed men, carrying on an irregular war, not being able, according to their character as a guerrilla party, to carry on what the law terms a regular war. F. Lieder.

GUERRILLA Guer*ril"la, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or engaged in, warfare carried on irregularly and by independent bands; as, a guerrilla party; guerrilla warfare.

GUESS Guess, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guessed; p. pr. & vb. n. Guessing.] Etym: [OE. gessen; akin to Dan. gisse, Sw. gissa, Icel. gizha, D. gissen: cf. Dan. giette to guess, Icel. geta to get, to guess. Probably originally, to try to get, and akin to E. get. See Get.]

1. To form an opinion concerning, without knowledge or means of knowledge; to judge of at random; to conjecture. First, if thou canst, the harder reason guess. Pope.

2. To judge or form an opinion of, from reasons that seem preponderating, but are not decisive. We may then guess how far it was from his design. Milton. Of ambushed men, whom, by their arms and dress, To be Taxallan enemies I guess. Dryden.

3. To solve by a correct conjecture; to conjecture rightly; as, he who guesses the riddle shall have the ring; he has guessed my designs.

4. To hit upon or reproduce by memory. [Obs.] Tell me their words, as near as thou canst guess them. Shak.

5. To think; to suppose; to believe; to imagine; -- followed by an objective clause. Not all together; better far, I guess, That we do make our entrance several ways. Shak. But in known images of life I guess The labor greater. Pope.

Syn. -- To conjecture; suppose; surmise; suspect; divine; think; imagine; fancy. -- To Guess, Think, Reckon. Guess denotes, to attempt to hit upon at random; as, to guess at a thing when blindfolded; to conjecture or form an opinion on hidden or very slight grounds: as, to guess a riddle; to guess out the meaning of an obscure passage. The use of the word guess for think or believe, although abundantly sanctioned by good English authors, is now regarded as antiquated and objectionable by discriminating writers. It may properly be branded as a colloguialism and vulgarism when used respecting a purpose or a thing about which there is no uncertainty; as, I guess I 'll go to bed.

GUESS Guess, v. i.

Defn: To make a guess or random judgment; to conjecture; -- with at, about, etc This is the place, as well as I may guess. Milton.

GUESS Guess, n.

Defn: An opinion as to anything, formed without sufficient or decisive evidence or grounds; an attempt to hit upon the truth by a random judgment; a conjecture; a surmise. A poet must confess His art 's like physic -- but a happy guess. Dryden.

GUESSABLE Guess"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being guessed.

GUESSER Guess"er, n.

Defn: One who guesses; one who forms or gives an opinion without means of knowing.

GUESSINGLY Guess"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of conjecture. Shak.

GUESSIVE Guess"ive, a.

Defn: Conjectural. [Obs.] Feltham.

GUESS ROPE Guess" rope". (Naut.)

Defn: A guess warp.

GUESS WARP Guess" warp". (Naut.)

Defn: A rope or hawser by which a vessel is towed or warped along; -- so called because it is necessary to guess at the length to be carried in the boat making the attachment to a distant object.

GUESSWORK Guess"work`, n.

Defn: Work performed, or results obtained, by guess; conjecture.

GUEST Guest, n. Etym: [OE. gest, AS. gæst, gest; akin to OS., D., & G. gust, Icel gestr, Sw. gäst, Dan. Gjäst, Goth. gast, Russ. goste, and to L. hostis enemy, stranger; the meaning stranger is the older one, but the root is unknown. Cf. Host an army, Hostile.]

1. A visitor; a person received and entertained in one's house or at one's table; a visitor entertained without pay. To cheer his gueste, whom he had stayed that night. Spenser. True friendship's laws are by this rule exprest. Welcome the coming, speed the parting guest. Pope.

GUEST Guest, v. t.

Defn: To receive or entertain hospitably. [Obs.] Sylvester.

GUEST Guest, v. i.

Defn: To be, or act the part of, a guest. [Obs.] And tell me, best of princes, who he was That guested here so late. Chapman.

GUEST ROPE Guest" rope". (Naut.)

Defn: The line by which a boat makes fast to the swinging boom. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

GUESTWISE Guest"wise", adv.

Defn: In the manner of a guest.

GUEVI Gue"vi, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several very small species and varieties of African antelopes, of the genus Cephalophus, as the Cape guevi or kleeneboc (C. pyg. mæa); -- called also pygmy antelope.

GUFFAW Guf*faw" (, n.

Defn: A loud burst of laughter, a horse laugh. "A hearty low guffaw." Carlyle.

GUFFER Guf"fer, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The eelpout; guffer eel.

GUGGLE Gug"gle, v. i.

Defn: See Gurgle.

GUHR Guhr, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: A loose, earthy deposit from water, found in the cavities or clefts of rocks, mostly white, but sometimes red or yellow, from a mixture of clay or ocher. P. Cleaveland.

GUIAC Gui"ac, n.

Defn: Same as Guaiac.

GUIACOL Gui"a*col, n. Etym: [Guiac + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless liquid, C6H4,OCH3.OH, resembling the phenols, found as a constituent of woodtar creosote, aud produced by the dry distillation of guaiac resin.

GUIACUM Gui"a*cum, n.

Defn: Same as Guaiacum.

GUIB Guib, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West African antelope (Tragelaphus scriptus), curiously marked with white stripes and spots on a reddish fawn ground, and hence called harnessed antelope; -- called also guiba.

GUICOWAR Gui"co*war, n.

Defn: [Mahratta gaekwar, prop., a cowherd.] The title of the sovereign of Guzerat, in Western India; -- generally called the Guicowar of Baroda, which is the capital of the country.

GUIDABLE Guid"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being guided; willing to be guided or counseled. Sprat.

GUIDAGE Guid"age, n. Etym: [See Guide.]

1. The reward given to a guide for services. [R.] Ainsworth.

2. Guidance; lead; direction. [R.] Southey.

GUIDANCE Guid"ance, n. Etym: [See Guide.]

Defn: The act or result of guiding; the superintendence or assistance of a guide; direction; government; a leading. His studies were without guidance and without plan. Macaulay.

GUIDE Guide, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guided; p. pr. & vb. n. Guiding.] Etym: [OE. guiden, gyden, F. guiaer, It. guidare; prob. of Teutonic origin; cf. Goth. ritan to watch over, give heed to, Icel. viti signal, AS. witan to know. The word prob. meant, to indicate, point to, and hence, to show the way. Cf. Wit, Guy a rope, Gye.]

1. To lead or direct in a way; to conduct in a course or path; to pilot; as, to guide a traveler. I wish . . . you 'ld guide me to your sovereign's court. Shak.

2. To regulate and manage; to direct; to order; to superintend the training or education of; to instruct and influence intellectually or morally; to train. He will guide his affairs with discretion. Ps. cxii. 5. The meek will he guide in judgment. Ps. xxv. 9.

GUIDE Guide, n. Etym: [OE. giae, F. guide, It. guida. See Guide, v. t.]

1. A person who leads or directs another in his way or course, as in a strange land; one who exhibits points of interest to strangers; a conductor; also, that which guides; a guidebook.

2. One who, or that which, directs another in his conduct or course of lifo; a director; a regulator. He will be our guide, even unto death. Ps. xlviii. 14.

3. Any contrivance, especially one having a directing edge, surface, or channel, for giving direction to the motion of anything, as water, an instrument, or part of a machine, or for directing the hand or eye, as of an operator; as: (a) (Water Wheels) A blade or channel for directing the flow of water to the wheel buckets. (b) (Surgery)

Defn: A grooved director for a probe or knife. (c) (Printing) A strip or device to direct the compositor's eye to the line of copy he is setting.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: A noncommissioned officer or soldier placed on the directiug flank of each subdivision of a column of troops, or at the end of a line, to mark the pivots, formations, marches, and alignments in tactics. Farrow. Guide bar (Mach.), the part of a steam engine on which the crosshead slides, and by which the motion of the piston rod is kept parallel to the cylinder, being a substitute for the parallel motion; -- called also guide, and slide bar. -- Guide block (Steam Engine), a block attached in to the crosshead to work in contact with the guide bar. -- Guide meridian. (Surveying) See under Meridian. -- Guide pile (Engin.), a pile driven to mark a place, as a point to work to. -- Guide pulley (Mach.), a pulley for directing or changing the line of motion of belt; an idler. Knight. -- Guide rail (Railroads), an additional rail, between the others, gripped by horizontal driving wheels on the locomotive, as a means of propulsion on steep gradients.

GUIDEBOARD Guide"board`, n.

Defn: A board, as upon a guidepost having upon it directions or information as to the road. Lowell.

GUIDEBOOK Guide"book`, n.

Defn: A book of directions and information for travelers, tourists, etc.

GUIDELESS Guide"less, a.

Defn: Without a guide. Dryden.

GUIDEPOST Guide"post`, n.

Defn: A post at the fork of a road, with a guideboard on it, to direct travelers.

GUIDER Guid"er, n.

Defn: A guide; a director. Shak.

GUIDERESS Guid"er*ess, n.

Defn: A female guide. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GUIDE ROPE Guide rope. (Aëronautics)

Defn: A rope hung from a balloon or dirigible so as trail along the ground for about half its length, used to preserve altitude automatically, by variation of the length dragging on the ground, without loss of ballast or gas.

GUIDGUID Guid"guid`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American ant bird of the genus Hylactes; -- called also barking bird.

GUIDON Gui"don, n. Etym: [F. guidon, It. guidone. See Guide, v. t.]

1. A small flag or streamer, as that carried by cavalry, which is broad at one end and nearly pointed at the other, or that used to direct the movements of a body of infantry, or to make signals at sea; also, the flag of a guild or fraternity. In the United States service, each company of cavalry has a guidon. The pendants and guidons were carried by the officer of the army. Evelyn.

2. One who carries a flag. Johnson.

3. One of a community established at Rome, by Charlemagne, to guide pilgrims to the Holy Land.

GUIGE Guige, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Gige.

GUILD Guild, n. Etym: [OE. gilds, AS. gild, gield, geld, tribute, a society or company where payment was made for its charge and support, fr. AS. gildan, gieldan, to pay. See Yield, v. t.]

1. An association of men belonging to the same class, or engaged in kindred pursuits, formed for mutual aid and protection; a business fraternity or corporation; as, the Stationers' Guild; the Ironmongers' Guild. They were originally licensed by the government, and endowed with special privileges and authority.

2. A guildhall. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. A religious association or society, organized for charitable purposes or for assistance in parish work.

GUILDABLE Guild"a*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to a tax. [Obs.]

GUILDER Guil"der, n. Etym: [D. gulden, orig., golden. Cf. Golden.]

Defn: A Dutch silver coin worth about forty cents; -- called also florin and gulden.

GUILDHALL Guild"hall`, n.

Defn: The hall where a guild or corporation usually assembles; a townhall.

GUILE Guile, n. Etym: [OE. guile, gile, OF. guile; of German origin, and the same word as E. wile. See Wile.]

Defn: Craft; deceitful cunning; artifice; duplicity; wile; deceit; treachery. Behold an Israelite indeed, in whom is no guile. John i. 47. To wage by force or guile eternal war. Milton.

GUILE Guile, v. t. Etym: [OF. guiler. See Guile, n.]

Defn: To disguise or conceal; to deceive or delude. [Obs.] Spenser.

GUILEFUL Guile"ful, a.

Defn: Full of guile; characterized by cunning, deceit, or treachery; guilty. -- Guile"ful*ly, adv. -- Guile"ful*ness, n.

GUILELESS Guile"less, a.

Defn: Free from guile; artless. -- Guile"less*ly, adv. Guile"less*ness, n.

GUILLEMET Guil"le*met`, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A quotation mark. [R.]

GUILLEMOT Guil"le*mot`, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several northern sea birds, allied to the auks. They have short legs, placed far back, and are expert divers and swimmers.

Note: The common guillemots, or murres, belong to the genus Uria (as U. troile); the black or foolish guillemot (Cepphus grylle, formerly Uria grylle), is called also sea pigeon and eligny. See Murre.

GUILLEVAT Guil`le*vat" [], n. Etym: [F. guilloire (fr. guiller to work, ferment)+ E. vat.]

Defn: A vat for fermenting liquors.

GUILLOCHE Guil"loche`, n. Etym: [F. guillochis; -- said to be fr. Guillot, the inventor of a machine for carving it.] (Arch.)

Defn: An ornament in the form of two or more bands or strings twisted over each other in a continued series, leaving circular openings which are filled with round ornaments.

GUILLOCHED Guil*loched", a.

Defn: Waved or engine-turned. Mollett.

GUILLOTINE Guil"lo*tine`, n. Etym: [F., from Guillotin, a French physician, who proposed, in the Constituent Assembly of 1789, to abolish decapitation with the ax or sword. The instrument was invented by Dr. Antoine Louis, and was called at first Louison or Louisette. Similar machines, however, were known earlier.]

1. A machine for beheading a person by one stroke of a heavy ax or blade, which slides in vertical guides, is raised by a cord, and let fall upon the neck of the victim.

2. Any machine or instrument for cutting or shearing, resembling in its action a guillotine.

GUILLOTINE Guil"lo*tine`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guillotined; p. pr. & vb. n. Guillotining.] Etym: [Cf. F. guillotiner.]

Defn: To behead with the guillotine.

GUILOR Guil"or, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. guileor.]

Defn: A deceiver; one who deludes, or uses guile. [Obs.] Spenser.

GUILT Guilt, n. Etym: [OE. gilt, gult, AS. gylt, crime; probably originally signifying, the fine or mulct paid for an offence, and afterward the offense itself, and akin to AS. gieldan to pay, E. yield. See Yield, v. t.]

1. The criminality and consequent exposure to punishment resulting from willful disobedience of law, or from morally wrong action; teh state of one who has broken a moral or political law; crime; criminality; offense against right. Satan had not answer, but stood struck With guilt of his own sin. Milton.

2. Exposure to any legal penalty or forfeiture. A ship incurs guilt by the violation of a blockade. Kent.

GUILTILY Guilt"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a guilty manner.

GUILTINESS Guilt"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being guilty.

GUILTLESS Guilt"less, a.

1. Free from guilt; innocent. The Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain. Ex. xx. 7.

2. Without experience or trial; unacquainted (with). Such gardening tools, as art, yet rude, Guiltless of fire, had formed. Milton. -- Guilt"less*ly, adv. -- Guilt"less*ness, n.

GUILT-SICK Guilt"-sick`, a.

Defn: Made sick by consciousness of guilt. "A guilt-sick conscience." Beau. c& El.

GUILTY Guilt"y, a. [Compar. Gultier; superl. Guiltiest.] Etym: [AS. gyltig liable. See Guilt.]

1. Having incurred guilt; criminal; morally delinquent; wicked; chargeable with, or responsible for, something censurable; justly exposed to penalty; -- used with of, and usually followed by the crime, sometimes by the punishment. They answered and said, He is guilty of death. Matt. xxvi. 66. Nor he, nor you, were guilty of the strife. Dryden.

2. Evincing or indicating guilt; involving guilt; as, a guilty look; a guilty act; a guilty feeling.

3. Conscious; cognizant. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

4. Condemned to payment. [Obs. & R.] Dryden.

GUILTYLIKE Guilt"y*like`, adv.

Defn: Guiltily. [Obs.] Shak.

GUIMPE Guimpe, n. [F. See 2d Gimp.]

Defn: A kind of short chemisette, worn with a low-necked dress.

GUINEA Guin"ea, n.

1. A district on the west coast of Africa (formerly noted for its export of gold and slaves) after which the Guinea fowl, Guinea grass, Guinea peach, etc., are named.

2. A gold coin of England current for twenty-one shillings sterling, or about five dollars, but not coined since the issue of sovereigns in 1817. The guinea, so called from the Guinea gold out of which it was first struck, was proclaimed in 1663, and to go for twenty shillings; but it never went for less than twenty-one shillings. Pinkerton. Guinea corn. (Bot.) See Durra. -- Guinea Current (Geog.), a current in the Atlantic Ocean setting southwardly into the Bay of Benin on the coast of Guinea.-- Guinea dropper one who cheats by dropping counterfeit guineas. [Obs.] Gay. -- Guinea fowl, Guinea hen (Zoöl.), an African gallinaceous bird, of the genus Numida, allied to the pheasants. The common domesticated species (N. meleagris), has a colored fleshy horn on each aide of the head, and is of a dark gray color, variegated with small white spots. The crested Guinea fowl (N. cristata) is a finer species.-- Guinea grains (Bot.), grains of Paradise, or amomum. See Amomum. -- Guinea grass (Bot.), a tall strong forage grass (Panicum jumentorum) introduced. from Africa into the West Indies and Southern United States. -- Guinea-hen flower (Bot.), a liliaceous flower (Fritillaria Meleagris) with petals spotted like the feathers of the Guinea hen. -- Guinea peach. See under Peach. -- Guinea pepper (Bot.), the pods of the Xylopia aromatica, a tree of the order Anonaceæ, found in tropical West Africa. They are also sold under the name of Piper Æthiopicum. --Guinea pig.

Note: [Prob. a mistake for Guiana pig.] (a) (Zoöl.) A small Brazilian rodent (Cavia cobaya), about seven inches in length and usually of a white color, with spots of orange and black. (b) A contemptuous sobriquet. Smollett. -- Guinea plum (Bot.), the fruit of Parinarium excelsum, a large West African tree of the order Chrysobalaneæ, having a scarcely edible fruit somewhat resembling a plum, which is also called gray plum and rough-skin plum. -- Guinea worm (Zoöl.), a long and slender African nematoid worm (Filaria Medinensis) of a white color. It lives in the cellular tissue of man, beneath the skin, and produces painful sores.

GUINEA-PIG DIRECTOR Guin"ea-pig` di*rec"tor.

Defn: A director (usually one holding a number of directorships) who serves merely or mainly for the fee (in England, often a guinea) paid for attendance. [Colloq.]

GUIPURE Gui*pure", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A term used for lace of different kinds; most properly for a lace of large pattern and heavy material which has no ground or mesh, but has the pattern held together by connecting threads called bars or brides.

GUIRLAND Guir"land, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Garland.

GUISE Guise, n. Etym: [OE. guise, gise, way, manner, F. guise, fr. OHG. wisa, G. weise. See Wise, n.]

1. Customary way of speaking or acting; custom; fashion; manner; behavior; mien; mode; practice; -- often used formerly in such phrases as: at his own guise; that is, in his own fashion, to suit himself. Chaucer. The swain replied, "It never was our guise To slight the poor, or aught humane despise." Pope.

2. External appearance in manner or dress; appropriate indication or expression; garb; shape. As then the guise was for each gentle swain. Spenser. A . . . specter, in a far more terrific guise than any which ever yet have overpowered the imagination. Burke.

3. Cover; cloak; as, under the guise of patriotism.

GUISER Guis"er, n. Etym: [From Guise.]

Defn: A person in disguise; a masker; a mummer. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

GUITAR Gui*tar", n. Etym: [F. guitare; cf. Pr., Sp., & Pg.guitarra, It. chitarra; all fr. Gr. cithara. Cf. Cittern, Gittern.]

Defn: A stringed instrument of music resembling the lute or the violin, but larger, and having six strings, three of silk covered with silver wire, and three of catgut, -- played upon with the fingers.

GUITGUIT Guit"guit`, n. Etym: [So called from its note.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of small tropical American birds of the family Coerebidæ, allied to the creepers; -- called also quit. See Quit.

GULA Gu"la, n.; pl. L. GulÆ, E. Gulas. Etym: [L., the throat, gullet.]

1. (Zoöl.) (a) The upper front of the neck, next to the chin; the upper throat. (b) A plate which in most insects supports the submentum.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A capping molding. Same as Cymatium.

GULAR Gu"lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. gulaire.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the gula or throat; as, gular plates. See Illust. of Bird, and Bowfin.

GULAUND Gu"laund, n. Etym: [Icel. gul-önd.]

Defn: An arctic sea bird.

GULCH Gulch, n.

1. Act of gulching or gulping. [Obs.]

2. A glutton. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

3. A ravine, or part of the deep bed of a torrent when dry; a gully.

GULCH Gulch, v. t. Etym: [OE. gulchen; cf. dial. Sw. gölka to gulch, D. gulzig greedy, or E. gulp.]

Defn: To swallow greedily; to gulp down. [Obs.]

GULD Guld, n.

Defn: A flower. See Gold. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GULDEN Gul"den, n.

Defn: See Guilder.

GULE Gule, v. t.

Defn: To give the color of gules to.

GULE Gule, n.

Defn: The throat; the gullet. [Obs.] Throats so wide and gules so gluttonous. Gauden.

GULES Gules, n. Etym: [OE. goules, F. gueules, the same word as gueule throat, OF. gole, goule, L. gula. So named from the red color of the throat. See Gullet, and cf. Gula.] (Her.)

Defn: The tincture red, indicated in seals and engraved figures of escutcheons by parallel vertical lines. Hence, used poetically for a red color or that which is red. His sev'n-fold targe a field of gules did stain In which two swords he bore; his word, "Divide and reign." P. Fletcher. Follow thy drum; With man's blood paint the ground; gules, gules. Shak. Let's march to rest and set in gules, like suns. Beau. & Fl.

GULF Gulf, n. Etym: [F. golfe, It. golfo, fr. Gr. bosom, bay, gulf, LGr.

1. A hollow place in the earth; an abyss; a deep chasm or basin, He then surveyed Hell and the gulf between. Milton. Between us and you there is a great gulf fixed. Luke xvi. 26.

2. That which swallows; the gullet. [Obs.] Shak.

3. That which swallows irretrievably; a whirlpool; a sucking eddy. Shak. A gulf of ruin, swallowing gold. Tennyson.

4. (Geog.)

Defn: A portion of an ocean or sea extending into the land; a partially land-locked sea; as, the Gulf of Mexico.

5. (Mining)

Defn: A large deposit of ore in a lode. Gulf Stream (Geog.), the warm ocean current of the North Atlantic.

Note: It originates in the westward equatorial current, due to the trade winds, is deflected northward by Cape St. Roque through the Gulf of Mexico, and flows parallel to the coast of North America, turning eastward off the island of Nantucket. Its average rate of flow is said to be about two miles an hour. The similar Japan current, or Kuro-Siwo, is sometimes called the Gulf Stream of the Pacific. -- Gulf weed (Bot.), a branching seaweed (Sargassum bacciferum, or sea grape), having numerous berrylike air vessels, -- found in the Gulf Stream, in the Sargasso Sea, and elsewhere.

GULFY Gulf"y, a.

Defn: Full of whirlpools or gulfs. Chapman.

GULGUL Gul"gul, n. Etym: [Hind. galgal.]

Defn: A cement made in India from sea shells, pulverized and mixed with oil, and spread over a ship's bottom, to prevent the boring of worms.

GULIST Gu"list, n. Etym: [L. gulo.]

Defn: A glutton. [Obs.]

GULL Gull, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gulled; p. pr. & vb. n. Gulling.] Etym: [Prob. fr. gull the bird; but cf. OSw. gylla to deceive, D. kullen, and E. cullibility.]

Defn: To deceive; to cheat; to mislead; to trick; to defraud. The rulgar, gulled into rebellion, armed. Dryden. I'm not gulling him for the emperor's service. Coleridge.

GULL Gull, n.

1. A cheating or cheat; trick; fraud. Shak.

2. One easily cheated; a dupe. Shak.

GULL Gull, n. Etym: [Of Celtic origin; cf. Corn. gullan, W. gwylan.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of many species of long-winged sea birds of the genus Larus and allied genera.

Note: Among the best known American species are the herring gull (Larus argentatus), the great black-backed gull (L. murinus) the laughing gull (L. atricilla), and Bonaparte's gull (L. Philadelphia). The common European gull is Larus canus. Gull teaser (Zoöl.), the jager; -- also applied to certain species of terns.

GULLAGE Gull"age, n.

Defn: Act of being gulled. [Obs.] Had you no quirk. To avoid gullage, sir, by such a creature B. Jonson

GULLER Gull"er, n.

Defn: One who gulls; a deceiver.

GULLERY Gull"er*y, n.

Defn: An act, or the practice, of gulling; trickery; fraud. [R.] "A mere gullery." Selden.

GULLET Gul"let, n. Etym: [OE. golet, OF. Goulet, dim. of gole, goule, throat, F. gueule, L. gula; perh. akin to Skr. gula, G. kenle; cf. F. goulet the neck of a bottle, goulotte channel gutter. Cf. Gules, Gully.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The tube by which food and drink are carried from the pharynx to the stomach; the esophagus.

2. Something shaped like the food passage, or performing similar functions; as: (a) A channel for water. (b) (Engin.) A preparatory cut or channel in excavations, of sufficient width for the passage of earth wagons. (c) A concave cut made in the teeth of some saw blades.

GULLETING Gul"let*ing, n. (Engin.)

Defn: A system of excavating by means of gullets or channels.

GULLIBLE Gul"li*ble, a.

Defn: Easily gulled; that may be duped. -- Gul"li*bii`i*ty, n. Burke.

GULLISH Gull"ish, a.

Defn: Foolish; stupid. [Obs.] Gull"ish*ness, n. [Obs.]

GULLY Gul"ly, n.; pl. Gulles. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain]

Defn: A large knife. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

GULLY Gul"ly, n.; pl. Gullies. Etym: [Formerly gullet.]

1. A channel or hollow worn in the earth by a current of water; a short deep portion of a torrent's bed when dry.

2. A grooved iron rail or tram plate. [Eng.] Gully gut, a glutton. [Obs.] Chapman. -- Gully hole, the opening through which gutters discharge surface water.

GULLY Gul"ly, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gullied; p. pr. & vb. n. Gullying.]

Defn: To wear into a gully or into gullies.

GULLY Gul"ly, v. i.

Defn: To flow noisily. [Obs.] Johnson.

GULOSITY Gu*los"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. gulositas, fr. gulosus gluttonous. See Gullet.]

Defn: Excessive appetite; greediness; voracity. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

GULP Gulp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gulped; p. pr. & vb. n. Gulping.] Etym: [D. gulpen, cf. OD. golpe gulf.]

Defn: To swallow eagerly, or in large draughts; to swallow up; to take down at one swallow. He does not swallow, but he gulps it down. Cowper. The old man . . . glibly gulped down the whole narrative. Fielding. To gulp up, to throw up from the stomach; to disgorge.

GULP Gulp, n.

1. The act of taking a large mouthful; a swallow, or as much as is awallowed at once.

2. A disgorging. [Colloq.]

GULPH Gulph, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Gulf.

GULT Gult, n.

Defn: Guilt. See Guilt. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GULTY Gult"y, a.

Defn: Guilty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GULY Gul"y, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to gules; red. "Those fatal guly dragons." Milton.

GUM Gum, n. Etym: [OE. gome, AS. gama palate; akin Co G. gaumen, OHG. goumo, guomo, Icel. g, Sw. gom; cf. Gr.

Defn: The dense tissues which invest the teeth, and cover the adjacent parts of the jaws. Gum rash (Med.), strophulus in a teething child; red gum. -- Gum stick, a smooth hard substance for children to bite upon while teething.

GUM Gum, v. t.

Defn: To deepen and enlarge the spaces between the teeth of (a worn saw). See Gummer.

GUM Gum, n. Etym: [OE. gomme, gumme, F. gomme, L. gummi and commis, fr. Gr. kam; cf. It. gomma.]

1. A vegetable secretion of many trees or plants that hardens when it exudes, but is soluble in water; as, gum arabic; gum tragacanth; the gum of the cherry tree. Also, with less propriety, exudations that are not soluble in water; as, gum copal and gum sandarac, which are really resins.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: See Gum tree, below.

3. A hive made of a section of a hollow gum tree; hence, any roughly made hive; also, a vessel or bin made of a hollow log. [Southern U. S.]

4. A rubber overshoe. [Local, U. S.] Black gum, Blue gum, British gum, etc. See under Black, Blue, etc. -- Gum Acaroidea, the resinous gum of the Australian grass tree (Xanlhorrhoea). -- Gum animal (Zoöl.), the galago of West Africa; -- so called because it feeds on gums. See Galago. -- Gum animi or animé. See Animé. -- Gum arabic, a gum yielded mostly by several species of Acacia (chiefly A. vera and A. Arabica) growing in Africa and Southern Asia; -- called also gum acacia. East Indian gum arabic comes from a tree of the Orange family which bears the elephant apple. -- Gum butea, a gum yielded by the Indian plants Butea frondosa and B. superba, and used locally in tanning and in precipitating indigo. -- Gum cistus, a plant of the genus Cistus (Cistus ladaniferus), a species of rock rose.-- Gum dragon. See Tragacanth. -- Gum elastic, Elastic gum. See Caoutchouc. -- Gum elemi. See Elemi. -- Gum juniper. See Sandarac. -- Gum kino. See under Kino. -- Gum lac. See Lac. -- Gum Ladanum, a fragrant gum yielded by several Oriental species of Cistus or rock rose. -- Gum passages, sap receptacles extending through the parenchyma of certain plants (Amygdalaceæ, Cactaceæ, etc.), and affording passage for gum. -- Gum pot, a varnish maker's utensil for melting gum and mixing other ingredients. -- Gum resin, the milky juice of a plant solidified by exposure to air; one of certain inspissated saps, mixtures of, or having properties of, gum and resin; a resin containing more or less mucilaginous and gummy matter. -- Gum sandarac. See Sandarac. -- Gum Senegal, a gum similar to gum arabic, yielded by trees (Acacia Verek and A. Adansoniä) growing in the Senegal country, West Africa. -- Gum tragacanth. See Tragacanth. -- Gum tree, the name given to several trees in America and Australia: (a) The black gum (Nyssa multiflora), one of the largest trees of the Southern States, bearing a small blue fruit, the favorite food of the opossum. Most of the large trees become hollow. (b) A tree of the genus Eucalyptus. See Eucalpytus. (c) The sweet gum tree of the United States (Liquidambar styraciflua), a large and beautiful tree with pointedly lobed leaves and woody burlike fruit. It exudes an aromatic terebinthine juice. -- Gum water, a solution of gum, esp. of gum arabic, in water. -- Gum wood, the wood of any gum tree, esp. the wood of the Eucalyptus piperita, of New South Wales.

GUM Gum, v. t. [imp. &. p. Gummed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gumming.]

Defn: To smear with gum; to close with gum; to unite or stiffen by gum or a gumlike substance; to make sticky with a gumlike substance. He frets likke a gummed velvet.Shak.

GUM Gum, v. i.

Defn: To exude or from gum; to become gummy.

GUMBO Gum"bo, n. Etym: [Written aalso gombo.]

1. A soup thickened with the mucilaginous pods of the okra; okra soup.

2. The okra plant or its pods.

GUMBOIL Gum"boil, n. (Med.)

Defn: A small suppurting inflamed spot on the gum.

GUMMA Gum"ma, n.; pl. Gummata. Etym: [NL. So called from its gummy contents See Gum.] (Med.)

Defn: A kind of soft tumor, usually of syphilitic origin.

GUMMATOUS Gum*ma"tous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, gumma.

GUMMER Gum"mer, n. Etym: [From 2d Gum.]

Defn: A punch-cutting tool, or machine for deepening and enlarging the spaces between the teeth of a worn saw.

GUMMIFEROUS Gum*mif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. gummi gum + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing gum; gum-bearing.

GUMMINESS Gum"mi*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being gummy; viscousness.

GUMMITE Gum"mite, n. Etym: [So called because it occurs in rounded or flattened pieces which look like gum.] (Min.)

Defn: A yellow amorphous mineral, essentially a hydrated oxide of uranium derived from the alteration of uraninite.

GUMMOSITY Gum*mos"i*ty, n.

Defn: Gumminess; a viscous or adhesive quality or nature. [R.] Floyer.

GUMMOUS Gum"mous, a. Etym: [L. gummosus; cf. F. gommeux.]

1. Gumlike, or composed of gum; gummy.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a gumma.

GUMMY Gum"my, a. Etym: [Compar. Gummer (Gummirst.]

Defn: Consisting of gum; viscous; adhesive; producing or containing gum; covered with gum or a substance resembling gum. Kindles the gummy bark of fir or pine. Milton. Then rubs his gummy eyes. Dryden. Gummy tumor (Med.), a gumma.

GUMP Gump, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. & Dan. gump buttocks, rump, Icel. gumprg.]

Defn: A dolt; a dunce. [Low.] Holloway.

GUMPTION Gump"tion, n. Etym: [OE. gom, gome, attention; akin to AS. geómian, gyman, to regard, observe, gyme care, OS. gomean to heed, Goth. gaumjan to see, notice.]

1. Capacity; shrewdness; common sense. [Colloq.] One does not have gumption till one has been properly cheated. Lord Lytton.

2. (Paint.) (a) The art of preparing colors. Sir W. Scott. (b) Megilp. Fairholt.

GUN Gun, n. Etym: [OE. gonne, gunne; of uncertain origin; cf. Ir., Gael.) A LL. gunna, W. gum; possibly (like cannon) fr. L. canna reed, tube; or abbreviated fr. OF. mangonnel, E. mangonel, a machine for hurling stones.]

1. A weapon which throws or propels a missile to a distance; any firearm or instrument for throwing projectiles by the explosion of gunpowder, consisting of a tube or barrel closed at one end, in which the projectile is placed, with an explosive charge behind, which is ignited by various means. Muskets, rifles, carbines, and fowling pieces are smaller guns, for hand use, and are called small arms. Larger guns are called cannon, ordnance, fieldpieces, carronades, howitzers, etc. See these terms in the Vocabulary. As swift as a pellet out of a gunne When fire is in the powder runne. Chaucer. The word gun was in use in England for an engine to cast a thing from a man long before there was any gunpowder found out. Selden.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A piece of heavy ordnance; in a restricted sense, a cannon.

3. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: Violent blasts of wind.

Note: Guns are classified, according to their construction or manner of loading as rifled or smoothbore, breech-loading or muzzle-loading, cast or built-up guns; or according to their use, as field, mountain, prairie, seacoast, and siege guns. Armstrong gun, a wrought iron breech-loading cannon named after its English inventor, Sir William Armstrong. -- Great gun, a piece of heavy ordnance; hence (Fig.), a person superior in any way. -- Gun barrel, the barrel or tube of a gun. -- Gun carriage, the carriage on which a gun is mounted or moved. -- Gun cotton (Chem.), a general name for a series of explosive nitric ethers of cellulose, obtained by steeping cotton in nitric and sulphuric acids. Although there are formed substances containing nitric acid radicals, yet the results exactly resemble ordinary cotton in appearance. It burns without ash, with explosion if confined, but quietly and harmlessly if free and open, and in small quantity. Specifically, the lower nitrates of cellulose which are insoluble in ether and alcohol in distinction from the highest (pyroxylin) which is soluble. See Pyroxylin, and cf. Xyloidin. The gun cottons are used for blasting and somewhat in gunnery: for making celluloid when compounded with camphor; and the soluble variety (pyroxylin) for making collodion. See Celluloid, and Collodion. Gun cotton is frequenty but improperly called nitrocellulose. It is not a nitro compound, but an ethereal salt of nitric acid. -- Gun deck. See under Deck. -- Gun fire, the time at which the morning or the evening gun is fired. -- Gun metal, a bronze, ordinarily composed of nine parts of copper and one of tin, used for cannon, etc. The name is also given to certain strong mixtures of cast iron. -- Gun port (Naut.), an opening in a ship through which a cannon's muzzle is run out for firing. -- Gun tackle (Naut.), the blocks and pulleys affixed to the side of a ship, by which a gun carriage is run to and from the gun port. -- Gun tackle purchase (Naut.), a tackle composed of two single blocks and a fall. Totten. -- Krupp gun, a wrought steel breech-loading cannon, named after its German inventor, Herr Krupp. -- Machine gun, a breech-loading gun or a group of such guns, mounted on a carriage or other holder, and having a reservoir containing cartridges which are loaded into the gun or guns and fired in rapid succession, sometimes in volleys, by machinery operated by turning a crank. Several hundred shots can be fired in a minute with accurate aim. The Gatling gun, Gardner gun, Hotchkiss gun, and Nordenfelt gun, named for their inventors, and the French mitrailleuse, are machine guns. -- To blow great guns (Naut.), to blow a gale. See Gun, n., 3.

GUN Gun, v. i.

Defn: To practice fowling or hunting small game; -- chiefly in participial form; as, to go gunning.

GUNA Gu"na (goo"na), n. Etym: [Skr. guna quality.]

Defn: In Sanskrit grammar, a lengthening of the simple vowels a, i, e, by prefixing an a element. The term is sometimes used to denote the same vowel change in other languages.

GUNARCHY Gu"nar*chy, n.

Defn: See Gynarchy.

GUNBOAT Gun"boat`, n. (Nav.)

Defn: A vessel of light draught, carrying one or more guns.

GUNCOTTON Gun"cot`ton.

Defn: See under Gun.

GUNDELET Gun"de*let, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Gondola. Marston.

GUNFLINT Gun"flint`, n.

Defn: A sharpened flint for the lock of a gun, to ignite the charge. It was in common use before the introduction of percussion caps.

GUNJAH Gun"jah, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Ganja.

GUNLOCK Gun"lock`, n.

Defn: The lock of a gun, for producing the discharge. See Lock.

GUNNAGE Gun"nage, n.

Defn: The number of guns carried by a ship of war.

GUNNEL Gun"nel, n. Etym: [See Gunwale.]

1. A gunwale.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, eel-shaped, marine fish of the genus Murænoides; esp., M. gunnellus of Europe and America; -- called also gunnel fish, butterfish, rock eel.

GUNNER Gun"ner, n.

1. One who works a gun, whether on land or sea; a cannoneer.

2. A warrant officer in the navy having charge of the ordnance on a vessel.

3. (Zoöl.) (a) The great northern diver or loon. See Loon. (b) The sea bream. [Prov. Eng. or Irish] Gunner's daughter, the gun to which men or boys were lashed for punishment. [Sailor's slang] W. C. Russell.

GUNNERY Gun"ner*y, n.

Defn: That branch of military science which comprehends the theory of projectiles, and the manner of constructing and using ordnance.

GUNNIE Gun"nie, n. (Mining.)

Defn: Space left by the removal of ore.

GUNNING Gun"ning, n.

Defn: The act or practice of hunting or shooting game with a gun. The art of gunning was but little practiced. Goldsmith.

GUNNY; GUNNY CLOTH Gun"ny, n., Gun"ny cloth` (. Etym: [Hind. gon, gon,, a sack, sacking.]

Defn: A strong, coarse kind of sacking, made from the fibers (called jute) of two plants of the genus Corchorus (C. olitorius and C. capsularis), of India. The fiber is also used in the manufacture of cordage. Gunny bag, a sack made of gunny, used for coarse commodities.

GUNOCRACY Gu*noc"ra*cy, n.

Defn: See Gyneocracy.

GUNPOWDER Gun"pow`der, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A black, granular, explosive substance, consisting of an intimate mechanical mixture of niter, charcoal, and sulphur. It is used in gunnery and blasting.

Note: Gunpowder consists of from 70 to 80 per cent of niter, with 10 to 15 per cent of each of the other ingredients. Its explosive energy is due to the fact that it contains the necessary amount of oxygen for its own combustion, and liberates gases (chiefly nitrogen and carbon dioxide), which occupy a thousand or fifteen hundred times more space than the powder which generated them. Gunpowder pile driver, a pile driver, the hammer of which is thrown up by the explosion of gunpowder. -- Gunpowder plot (Eng. Hist.), a plot to destroy the King, Lords, and Commons, in revenge for the penal laws against Catholics. As Guy Fawkes, the agent of the conspirators, was about to fire the mine, which was placed under the House of Lords, he was seized, Nov. 5, 1605. Hence, Nov. 5 is known in England as Guy Fawkes Day. -- Gunpowder tea, a species of fine green tea, each leaf of which is rolled into a small ball or pellet.

GUNREACH Gun"reach`, n.

Defn: The reach or distance to which a gun will shoot; gunshot.

GUNROOM Gun"room` (, n. (Naut.)

Defn: An apartment on the after end of the lower gun deck of a ship of war, usually occupied as a messroom by the commissioned officers, except the captain; -- called wardroom in the United States navy.

GUNSHOT Gun"shot`, n.

1. Act of firing a gun; a shot.

2. The distance to which shot can be thrown from a gun, so as to be effective; the reach or range of a gun. Those who are come over to the royal party are supposed to be out of gunshot. Dryden.

GUNSHOT Gun"shot`, a.

Defn: Made by the shot of a gun: as. a gunshot wound.

GUNSMITH Gun"smith, n.

Defn: One whose occupation is to make or repair small firearms; an armorer.

GUNSMITHERY; GUNSMITH; GUNSMITHING Gunsmith`er*y, Gun"smith` ing, n.

Defn: The art or business of a gunsmith.

GUNSTICK Gun"stick, n.

Defn: A stick to ram down the charge of a musket, etc.; a rammer or ramrod. [R.]

GUNSTOCK Gun"stock`, n.

Defn: The stock or wood to which the barrel of a hand gun is fastened.

GUNSTOME Gun"stome`, n.

Defn: A cannon ball; -- so called because originally made of stone. [Obs.] Shak.

GUNTER RIG Gun"ter rig`. (Naut.)

Defn: A topmast arranged with metal bands so that it will readily slide up and down the lower mast.

GUNTER'S CHAIN Gun"ter's chain`. (Surveying)

Defn: The chain ordinarily used in measuring land. See Chain, n., 4, and Gunter's scale.

GUNTER'S LINE Gun"ter's line`.

Defn: A logarithmic line on Gunter's scale, used for performing the multiplication and division of numbers mechanically by the dividers; -- called also line of lines, and line of numbers.

GUNTER'S QUADRANT Gun"ter's quad`rant.

Defn: A thin quadrant, made of brass, wood, etc., showing a stereographic projection on the plane of the equator. By it are found the hour of the day, the sun's azimuth, the altitude of objects in degrees, etc. See Gunter's scale.

GUNTER'S SCALE Gun"ter's scale`.

Defn: A scale invented by the Rev. Edmund Gunter (1581-1626), a professor of astronomy at Gresham College, London, who invented also Gunter's chain, and Gunter's quadrant.

Note: Gunter's scale is a wooden rule, two feet long, on one side of which are marked scales of equal parts, of chords, sines, tangents, rhombs, etc., and on the other side scales of logarithms of these various parts, by means of which many problems in surveying and navigation may be solved, mechanically, by the aid of dividers alone.

GUNWALE Gun"wale, n. Etym: [Gun + wale. So named because the upper guns were pointed from it.] (Naut.)

Defn: The upper edge of a vessel's or boat's side; the uppermost wale of a ship (not including the bulwarks); or that piece of timber which reaches on either side from the quarter-deck to the forecastle, being the uppermost bend, which finishes the upper works of the hull. [Written also gunnel.]

GURGE Gurge, n. Etym: [L. gurges.]

Defn: A whirlpool. [Obs.] The plain, wherein a black bituminous gurge Boils out from under ground. Milton.

GURGE Gurge, v. t. Etym: [See Gorge.]

Defn: To swallow up. [Obs.]

GURGEONS Gur"geons, n. pl. [Obs.]

Defn: See Grudgeons.

GURGLE Gur"gle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gurgled;p. pr. & vb. n. Gurgling.] Etym: [Cf. It. gorgogliare to gargle, bubble up, fr. L. gurgulio gullet. Cf. Gargle, Gorge.]

Defn: To run or flow in a broken, irregular, noisy current, as water from a bottle, or a small stream among pebbles or stones. Pure gurgling rills the lonely desert trace, And waste their music on the savage race. Young.

GURGLE Gur"gle, n.

Defn: The act of gurgling; a broken, bubbling noise. "Tinkling gurgles." W. Thompson.

GURGLET Gur"glet, n. Etym: [See Goglet.]

Defn: A porous earthen jar for cooling water by evaporation.

GURGLINGLY Gur"gling*ly`, adv.

Defn: In a gurgling manner.

GURGOYLE Gur"goyle, n.

Defn: See Gargoyle.

GURJUN Gur"jun, n.

Defn: A thin balsam or wood oil derived from the Diptcrocarpus lævis, an East Indian tree. It is used in medicine, and as a substitute for linseed oil in the coarser kinds of paint.

GURL Gurl, n.

Defn: A young person of either sex. [Obs.] See Girl. Chaucer.

GURLET Gur"let, n. (Masonry)

Defn: A pickax with one sharp point and one cutting edge. Knight.

GURMY Gur"my, n. (Mining)

Defn: A level; a working.

GURNARD; GURNET Gur"nard, Gur"net n. Etym: [OF. gornal, gournal, gornart, perh. akin to F. grogner to grunt; cf. Ir. guirnead gurnard.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One ofseveral European marine fishes, of the genus Trigla and allied genera, having a large and spiny head, with mailed cheeks. Some of the species are highly esteemed for food. The name is sometimes applied to the American sea robins. [Written also gournet.] Plyling gurnard. See under Flying.

GURNIAD Gur"ni*ad, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Gwiniad.

GURRY Gur"ry, n.

Defn: An alvine evacuation; also, refuse matter. [Obs. or Local] Holland.

GURRY Gur"ry`, n. Etym: [Hind. garhi.]

Defn: A small fort. [India]

GURT Gurt, n. (Mining)

Defn: A gutter or channel for water, hewn out of the bottom of a working drift. Page.

GURTS Gurts, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. Grout.]

Defn: Groatts. [Obs.]

GUSH Gush, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gushed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gushing.] Etym: [OE. guschen, cf. Icel. gusa and gjsa, also D. gucsen; perh. akin to AS. geótan to pour, G. giessen, Goth. giutan, E. gut. Cf. Found to cast.]

1. To issue with violence and rapidity, as a fluid; to rush forth as a fluid from confinement; to flow copiously. He smote the rock that the waters gushed out. Ps ixxviii 20. A sea of blood gushed from the gaping wound. Spenser.

2. To make a sentimental or untimely exhibition of affection; to display enthusiasm in a silly, demonstrative manner. [Colloq.]

GUSH Gush, v. t.

1. A sudden and violent issue of a fluid from an inclosed plase; an emission of a liquid in a large quantity, and with force; the fluid thus emitted; a rapid outpouring of anything; as, a gush of song from a bird. The gush of springs, An fall of lofty foundains. Byron.

2. A sentimental exhibition of affection or enthusiasm, etc.; effusive display of sentiment. [Collog.]

GUSHER Gush"er, n.

Defn: One who gushes. [Colloq.]

GUSHING Gush"ing, a.

1. Rushing forth with violence, as a fluid; flowing copiously; as, gushing waters. "Gushing blood." Milton.

2. Emitting copiously, as tears or words; weakly and unreservedly demonstrative in matters of affection; sentimental. [Colloq.]

GUSHINGLY Gush"ing*ly

Defn: , adv.

1. In a gushing manner; copiously. Byron.

2. Weakly; sentimentally; effusively. [Colloq.]

GUSSET Gus"set, n. Etym: [F. gousset armpit, fob, gusset, dim. of gousse pod, husk; cf. It. guscio shell, or W. cwysed gore, gusset.]

1. A small piece of cloth inserted in a garment, for the purpose of strengthening some part or giving it a tapering enlargement. Seam and gusset and band. Hood.

2. Anything resembling a gusset in a garment; as: (a) (Armor) A small piece of chain mail at the openings of the joints beneath the arms. (b) (Mach.) A kind of bracket, or angular piece of iron, fastened in the angles of a structure to give strength or stiffness; esp., the part joining the barrel and the fire box of a locomotive boiler.

3. (Her.)

Defn: An abatement or mark of dishonor in a coat of arms, resembling a gusset.

GUST Gust, n. Etym: [Icel. gustr a cool breeze. Cf. Gush.]

1. A sudden squall; a violent blast of wind; a sudden and brief rushing or driving of the wind. Snow, and hail, stormy gust and flaw. Milton.

2. A sudden violent burst of passion. Bacon.

GUST Gust, n. Etym: [L. gustus; cf. It. & Sp. gusto. sq. root46.]

1. The sense or pleasure of tasting; relish; gusto. An ox will relish the tender flesh of kids with as much gust and appetite. Jer. Taylor.

2. Gratification of any kind, particularly that which is exquisitely relished; enjoyment. Destroy all creatures for thy sport or gust. Pope.

3. Intellectual taste; fancy. A choice of it may be made according to the gust and manner of the ancients. Dryden.

GUST Gust, v. t. Etym: [Cf. L. gustare, It. gustare, Sp. gustar. See GUST a relish.]

Defn: To taste; to have a relish for. [Obs.]

GUSTABLE Gust"a*ble, a. Etym: [See Gust, v.] [Obs.]

1. Capable of being tasted; tastable. This position informs us of a vulgar error, terming the gall bitter; whereas there is nothing gustable sweeter. Harvey.

2. Pleasant to the taste; toothsome; savory. A gustable thing, seen or smelt, excites the appetite, and affects the glands and parts of the mouth. Derham.

GUSTABLE Gust"a*ble, n.

Defn: Anything that can be tasted. [Obs.]

GUSTARD Gus"tard, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The great bustard.

GUSTATION Gus*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. gustatio: cf. F. gustation.]

Defn: The act of tasting. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

GUSTATORY Gusta*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or subservient to, the sense of taste; as, the gustatory nerve which supplies the front of the tongue.

GUSTFUL Gust"ful, a.

Defn: Tasteful; well-tasted. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby. -- Gust"ful*ness, n. [Obs.] Barrow.

GUSTFUL Gust"ful, a.

Defn: Gusty. [R.] A gustful April morn. Tennyson.

GUSTLESS Gust"less, a.

Defn: Tasteless; insipid. [R.]

GUSTO Gus"to, n. Etym: [It. or Sp., fr. L. gustus; akin to E. choose. Cf. 2d GUST, GOUR.]

Defn: Nice or keen appreciation or enjoyment; relish; taste; fancy. Dryden.

GUSTOSO Gus*to"so, a. & adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Tasteful; in a tasteful, agreeable manner.

GUSTY Gust"y, a.

Defn: Subject to, or characterized by, gusts or squalls; windy; stormy; tempestuous. Upon a raw and gusty day. Shak.

GUT Gut, n. Etym: [OE. gut, got, AS. gut, prob. orig., a channel, and akin to geótan to pour. See FOUND to cast.]

1. A narrow passage of water; as, the Gut of Canso.

2. An intenstine; a bowel; the whole alimentary canal; the enteron; (pl.) bowels; entrails.

3. One of the prepared entrails of an animal, esp. of a sheep, used for various purposes. See Catgut.

4. The sac of silk taken from a silkworm (when ready to spin its cocoon), for the purpose of drawing it out into a thread. This, when dry, is exceedingly strong, and is used as the snood of a fish line. Blind gut. See CÆcum, n. (b).

GUT Gut, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gutting.]

1. To take out the bowels from; to eviscerate.

2. To plunder of contents; to destroy or remove the interior or contents of; as, a mob gutted the bouse. Tom Brown, of facetious memory, having gutted a proper name of its vowels, used it as freely as he pleased. Addison.

GUTTA Gut"ta, n.; pl. GuttÆ. Etym: [L.]

1. A drop.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: One of a series of ornaments, in the form of a frustum of a cone, attached to the lower part of the triglyphs, and also to the lower faces of the mutules, in the Doric order; -- called also campana, and drop. Gutta serena Etym: [L., lit. serene or clear drop] (Med.), amaurosis. -- Guttæ band (Arch.), the listel or band from which the guttæ hang.

GUTTA-PERCHA Gut"ta-per`cha, n. Etym: [Malay gutah gum + pertja the tree from which is it procured.]

Defn: A concrete juice produced by various trees found in the Malayan archipelago, especially by the Isonandra, or Dichopsis, Gutta. It becomes soft, and unpressible at the tamperature of boiling water, and, on cooling, retains its new shape. It dissolves in oils and ethers, but not in water. In many of its properties it resembles caoutchouc, and it is extensively used for many economical purposes. The Mimusops globosa of Guiana also yields this material.

GUTTATE Gut"tate, a. Etym: [L. guttatus. Cf. Gutty.]

Defn: Spotted, as if discolored by drops.

GUTTATED Gut"ta*ted, a. Etym: [See Guttate.]

Defn: Besprinkled with drops, or droplike spots. Bailey.

GUTTATRAP Gut"ta*trap, n.

Defn: The inspissated juice of a tree of the genus Artocarpus (A. incisa, or breadfruit tree), sometimes used in making birdlime, on account of its glutinous quality.

GUTTER Gut"ter, n. Etym: [OE. gotere, OF. goutiere, F. gouttière, fr. OF. gote, goute, drop, F. goutte, fr. L. gutta.]

1. A channel at the eaves of a roof for conveying away the rain; an eaves channel; an eaves trough.

2. A small channel at the roadside or elsewhere, to lead off surface water. Gutters running with ale. Macaulay.

3. Any narrow channel or groove; as, a gutter formed by erosion in the vent of a gun from repeated firing. Gutter member (Arch.), an architectural member made by treating the outside face of the gutter in a decorative fashion, or by crowning it with ornaments, regularly spaced, like a diminutive battlement. -- Gutter plane, a carpenter's plane with a rounded bottom for planing out gutters. -- Gutter snipe, a neglected boy running at large; a street Arab. [Slang] -- Gutter stick (Printing), one of the pieces of furniture which separate pages in a form.

GUTTER Gut*ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guttered; p. pr. & vb. n. Guttering.]

1. To cut or form into small longitudinal hollows; to channel. Shak.

2. To supply with a gutter or gutters. [R.] Dryden.

GUTTER Gut"ter, v. i.

Defn: To become channeled, as a candle when the flame flares in the wind.

GUTTERSNIPE Gut"ter*snipe", n. (Slang) (a) A small poster, suitable for a curbstone. (b) A curbstone broker. [U. S.]

GUTTIFER Gut"ti*fer`, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. gutta drop+ ferre to bear.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant that exudes gum or resin.

GUTTIFEROUS Gut*tif"er*ous, a. (Bot.) (a) Yielding gum or resinous substances. (b) Pertaining to a natural order of trees and shrubs (Guttiferæ) noted for their abounding in a resinous sap.

GUTTIFORM Gut"ti*form, a. Etym: [L. gutta a drop + -form.]

Defn: Drop-shaped, as a spot of color.

GUTTLE Gut"tle, v. t. & i. Etym: [From GUT, n.]

Defn: To put into the gut; to swallow greedily; to gorge; to gormandize. [Obs.] L'Estrange. Dryden.

GUTTLER Gut"tler, n.

Defn: A greedy eater; a glutton. [Obs.]

GUTTULOUS Gut"tu*lous, a. Etym: [L. guttula a little drop, dim. of gutta drop.]

Defn: In droplike form. [Obs.] In its [hail's] guttulous descent from the air. Sir T. Browne.

GUTTURAL Gut"tur*al, a. Etym: [L. guttur throat: cf. F. gutural.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the throat; formed in the throat; relating to, or characteristic of, a sound formed in the throat. Children are occasionally born with guttural swellings. W. Guthrie. In such a sweet, guttural accent. Landor.

GUTTURAL Gut"tur*al, n.

Defn: A sound formed in the throat; esp., a sound formed by the aid of the back of the tongue, much retracted, and the soft palate; also, a letter representing such a sound.

GUTTURALISM Gut"tur*al*ism, n.

Defn: The quality of being guttural; as, the gutturalism of A [in the 16th cent.] Earle.

GUTTURALITY Gut"tur*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being guttural. [R.] "The old gutturality of k." Earle.

GUTTURALIZE Gut"tur*al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To speak gutturally; to give a guttural sound to.

GUTTURALLY Gut"tur*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a guttural manner.

GUTTURALNESS Gut"tur*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being guttural.

GUTTURINE Gut"tur*ine, a. Etym: [L. guttur throat.]

Defn: Pertaining to the throat. [Obs.] "Gutturine tumor." Ray.

GUTTURIZE Gut"tur*ize, v. t. Etym: [L. guttur throat.]

Defn: To make in the throat; to gutturalize. [R.] For which the Germans gutturize a sound. Coleridge.

GUTTURO- Gut"tur*o-.

Defn: A combining form denoting relation to the throat; as, gutturo- nasal, having both a guttural and a nasal character; gutturo-palatal.

GUTTY Gut"ty, a. Etym: [L. gutta drop: cf. F. goutté. Cf. Guttated.] (Her.)

Defn: Charged or sprinkled with drops.

GUTWORT Gut"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant, Globularia Alypum, a violent purgative, found in Africa.

GUY Guy, n. Etym: [Sp. guia guide, a guy or small rope used on board of ships to keep weighty things in their places; of Teutonic origin, and the same word as E. guide. See Guide, and cf. Gye.]

Defn: A rope, chain, or rod attached to anything to steady it; as: a rope to steady or guide an object which is being hoisted or lowered; a rope which holds in place the end of a boom, spar, or yard in a ship; a chain or wire rope connecting a suspension bridge with the land on either side to prevent lateral swaying; a rod or rope attached to the top of a structure, as of a derrick, and extending obliquely to the ground, where it is fastened.

GUY Guy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Guying.]

Defn: To steady or guide with a guy.

GUY Guy, n.

1. A grotesque effigy, like that of Guy Fawkes, dressed up in England on the fifth of November, the day of the Gunpowder Plot. The lady . . . who dresses like a guy. W. S. Gilbert.

2. A person of queer looks or dress. Dickens.

GUY Guy, v. t.

Defn: To fool; to baffle; to make (a person) an object of ridicule. [Local & Collog U.S.]

GUYLE Guyle, v. t.

Defn: To guile. [Obs.] Spenser.

GUZE Guze, n. Etym: [Cf. Gules.] (Her.)

Defn: A roundlet of tincture sanguine, which is blazoned without mention of the tincture.

GUZZLE Guz"zle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Guzzled, p. pr. & vb. n. Guzzling (.] Etym: [OP. gosillier, prob. orig., to pass through the throat; akin to F. gosier throat; cf. It. gozzo a bird's crop.]

Defn: To swallow liquor greedily; to drink much or frequently. Those that came to guzzle in his wine cellar. Milton. Well-seasoned bowls the gossip's spirits raise, Who, while she guzzles, chats the doctor's praise. Roscommon. To fat the guzzling hogs with floods of whey. Gay.

GUZZLE Guz"zle, v. t.

Defn: To swallow much or often; to swallow with immoderate gust; to drink greedily or continually; as, one who guzzles beer. Dryden.

GUZZLE Guz"zle, n.

Defn: An insatiable thing or person. That sink of filth, that guzzle most impure. Marston.

GUZZLER Guz"zler, n.

Defn: An immoderate drinker.

GWINIAD Gwin"i*ad, n. Etym: [W. gwyniad a whiting, the name of various fishes, fr. gwyn white.] (Zool.)

Defn: A fish (Coregonus ferus) of North Wales and Northern Europe, allied to the lake whitefish; -- called also powan, and schelly. [Written also gwyniad, guiniad, gurniad.]

GYALL Gy"all, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Gayal.

GYB; GYBE Gyb, Gybe (, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Jib. [Obs.]

GYBE Gybe, n. & v.

Defn: See Gibe.

GYBE Gybe, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Gybed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gybing.] Etym: [See Jibe.] (Naut.)

Defn: To shift from one side of a vessel to the other; -- said of the boom of a fore-and-aft sail when the vessel is steered off the wind until the sail fills on the opposite side. [Also jibe.]

GYE Gye, v. t. Etym: [OF. guier; of German origin. See Guide, and cf. Guy.]

Defn: To guide; to govern. [Obs.] Discreet enough his country for to gye. Chaucer.

GYLE Gyle, n. Etym: [F. guiller to ferment. Cf. Guillevat.]

Defn: Fermented wort used for making vinegar. Gyle tan (Brewing), a large vat in which wort ferments.

GYMNAL Gym"nal, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Gimmal.

GYMNASIARCH Gym*na"si*arch, n. Etym: [L. gymnasiarchus, Gr. gymnasiarque.] (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: An Athenian officer who superintended the gymnasia, and provided the oil and other necessaries at his own expense.

GYMNASIUM Gym*na"si*um n.; pl. E. Gymnasiums, L. Gymnasia. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. A place or building where athletic exercises are performed; a school for gymnastics.

2. A school for the higher branches of literature and science; a preparatory school for the university; -- used esp. of German schools of this kind. More like ordinary schools of gymnasia than universities. Hallam.

GYMNAST Gym"nast (, n. Etym: [Gr. gymnaste. See Gymnasium.]

Defn: One who teaches or practices gymnastic exercises; the manager of a gymnasium; an athlete.

GYMNASTIC; GYMNASTICAL Gym*nas"tic, Gym*nas"tic*al, a. Etym: [L. gymnasticus, Gr. gymnastique. See Gymnasium.]

Defn: Pertaining to athletic exercises intended for health, defense, or diversion; -- said of games or exercises, as running, leaping, wrestling, throwing the discus, the javelin, etc.; also, pertaining to disciplinary exercises for the intellect; athletic; as, gymnastic exercises, contests, etc.

GYMNASTIC Gym*nas"tic, n.

Defn: A gymnast. [Obs.]

GYMNASTICALLY Gym*nas"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a gymnastic manner.

GYMNASTICS Gym*nas"tics, n.

Defn: Athletic or disciplinary exercises; the art of performing gymnastic exercises; also, disciplinary exercises for the intellect or character.

GYMNIC; GYMNICAL Gym"nic, Gym"nic*al a. Etym: [L. gymnicus, Gr. gymnique. See Gymmasium.]

Defn: Athletic; gymnastic. [Obs.] Have they not swordplayers, and every sort Of gymnic artists, wrestlers, riders, runners Milton.

GYMNIC Gym"nic, n.

Defn: Athletic exercise. [Obs.] Burton.

GYMNITE Gym"nite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous silicate of magnesia.

GYMNOBLASTEA Gym"no*blas`te*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Athecata; -- so called because the medusoid buds are not inclosed in a capsule.

GYMNOBLASTIC Gym"no*blas"tic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Gymnoblastea.

GYMNOCARPOUS Gym`no*car"pous, a. Etym: [Gr. gymno`s naked + (Bot.)

Defn: Naked-fruited, the fruit either smooth or not adherent to the perianth. Gray.

GYMNOCHROA Gym*noch"ro*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Hydroidea including the hydra. See Hydra.

GYMNOCLADUS Gym*noc"la*dus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of leguminous plants; the Kentucky coffee tree. The leaves are cathartic, and the seeds a substitute for coffee.

GYMNOCOPA Gym"no*co`pa, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of transparent, free-swimming Annelida, having setae only in the cephalic appendages.

GYMNOCYTE Gym"no*cyte, n. Etym: [Gr. gymno`s nake +

Defn: (Biol.) A cytode without a proper cell wall, but with a nucleus. Haeckel.

GYMNOCYTODE Gym"no*cy`tode, n. Etym: [Gr. gymno`s naked + E. cytode.] (Biol.)

Defn: A cytode without either a cell wall or a nucleus. Haeckel.

GYMNODONT Gym"no*dont, n. Etym: [Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zool.)

Defn: One of a group of plectognath fishes (Gymnodontes), having the teeth and jaws consolidated into one or two bony plates, on each jaw, as the diodonts and tetradonts. See Bur fish, Globefish, Diodon.

GYMNOGEN Gym"no*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. gymno`s naked + -gen.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of a class of plants, so called by Lindley, because the ovules are fertilized by direct contact of the pollen. Same as Gymnosperm.

GYMNOGLOSSA Gym"no*glos`sa, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of gastropods in which the odontophore is without teeth.

GYMNOLAEMA; GYMNOLAEMATA Gym"no*læ`ma, Gym*no*læ"ma*ta, n. pl. Etym: [Nl., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Bryozoa, having no epistome.

GYMNONOTI Gym"no*no`ti, n. pl. Etym: [NL. fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: The order of fishes which includes the Gymnotus or electrical eel. The dorsal fin is wanting.

GYMNOPAEDIC Gym`no*pæd"ic ((), a. Etym: [Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having young that are naked when hatched; psilopædic; -- said of certain birds.

GYMNOPHIONA Gym`no*phi"o*na, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Amphibia, having a long, annulated, snakelike body. See Ophiomorpha.

GYMNOPHTHALMATA Gym`noph*thal"ma*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of acalephs, including the naked-eyed medusæ; the hydromedusæ. Most of them are known to be the free-swimming progeny (gonophores) of hydroids.

GYMNOPLAST Gym"no*plast, n. Etym: [Gr. gymno`s naked + pla`ssein to shape, mold.] (Biol.)

Defn: A cell or mass of protoplasm devoid of an envelope, as a white blood corpuscle.

GYMNORHINAL Gym"no*rhi`nal, a. Etym: [Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having unfeathered nostrils, as certain birds.

GYMNOSOMATA Gym`no*so"ma*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the orders of Pteropoda. They have no shell.

GYMNOSOPHIST Gym*nos"o*phist, n. Etym: [Gr. gymno`s naked + gymnosophisle.]

Defn: One of a sect of philosophers, said to have been found in India by Alexander the Great, who went almost naked, denied themselves the use of flesh, renounced bodily pleasures, and employed themselves in the contemplation of nature.

GYMNOSOPHY Gym*nos"o*phy, n.

Defn: The doctrines of the Gymnosophists. Good.

GYMNOSPERM Gym"no*sperm, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant that bears naked seeds (i. e., seeds not inclosed in an ovary), as the common pine and hemlock. Cf. Angiosperm.

GYMNOSPERMOUS Gym"no*sper`mous, n. Etym: [Gr. gymno`spermos; gymno`s naked + spe`rma seed: cf. F. gymnosperme.] (Bot.) (a) Having naked seeds, or seeds not inclosed in a capsule or other vessel. (b) Belonging to the class of plants consisting of gymnosperms.

GYMNOTOKA Gym*not"o*ka, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Athecata.

GYMNOTUS Gym*no"tus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + gymnote.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of South American fresh-water fishes, including the Gymnotus electricus, or electric eel. It has a greenish, eel-like body, and is possessed of electric power. One fearful shock, fearful but momentary, like from the electric blow of the gymnotus. De Quincey.

GYN Gyn, v. i.

Defn: To begin [Obs.] See Gin.

GYNAECEUM; GYNAECIUM Gyn`æ*ce"um, Gyn`æ*ci"um, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: The part of a large house, among the ancients, exclusively appropriated to women. [Written also gyneceum, gynecium.] Tennyson.

GYNAECIAN Gy*næ"cian, a.

Defn: The same as Gynecian.

GYNAECOPHORE Gy`næ"co*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A ventral canal or groove, in which the males of some dioecious trematodes carry the female. See Illust. of Hæmatozoa.

GYNANDER Gy*nan"der, n. Etym: [See Gynandrian.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant having the stamens inserted in the pistil.

GYNANDRIA Gy*nan"dri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Gynandrian.] (Bot.)

Defn: A class of plants in the Linnaean system, whose stamens grow out of, or are united with, the pistil.

GYNANDRIAN; GYNANDROUS Gy*nan"dri*an, Gy*nan"drous, a. Etym: [Gr. gy`nandros of doubtful sex; gynh` a woman + gynandre.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having stamens inserted in the pistil; belonging to the class Gynandria.

GYNANDROMORPH Gy*nan"dro*morph, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal affected with gynandromorphism,

GYNANDROMORPHISM Gy*nan"dro*mor`phism, n. Etym: [Gr. gynh` a woman, female + (Zoöl.)

Defn: An abnormal condition of certain animals, in which one side has the external characters of the male, and the other those of the female.

GYNANDROMORPHOUS Gy*nan`dro*mor"phous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Affected, with gynandromorphism.

GYNANTHEROUS Gy*nan"ther*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. gynh` a woman + E. anther.] (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to an abnormal condition of the flower, in which the stamens are converted into pistils. A. Brown.

GYNARCHY Gyn"ar*chy, n. Etym: [Gr. gynh` a woman+ -archy.]

Defn: Government by a woman. Chesterfield.

GYNECEUM Gyn"e*ce`um, n.

Defn: See Gynæceum.

GYNECIAN Gy*ne"cian, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or relating to women.

GYNECOCRACY Gyn`e*coc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Gr. gynh`, gynaiko`s, a woman + gynécocratie. Cf. Gynocracy.]

Defn: Government by a woman, female power; gyneocracy. Bailey.

GYNECOLOGICAL Gyn"e*co*log`ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to gynecology.

GYNECOLOGY Gyn"e*col`o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. gynh`, gynaiko`s, a woman+ -logy.]

Defn: The science which treats of the structure and diseases of women. -- Gyn`e*col"o*gist.

GYNEOCRACY Gyn"e*oc`ra*cy, n.

Defn: See Gynecocracy.

GYNEOLATRY Gyn`e*ol"a*try, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The adoration or worship of woman. The sentimental gyneolatry of chivalry, which was at best but skin- deep. Lowell.

GYNEPHOBIA Gyn`e*pho"bi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: Hatred of women; repugnance to the society of women. Holmes.

GYNNO Gyn"no, v. i.

Defn: To begin. See Gin. [Obs.]

GYNOBASE Gyn"o*base, n. Etym: [Gr. base.] (Bot.)

Defn: A dilated base or receptacle, supporting a multilocular ovary.

GYNOBASIC Gyn"o*ba`sic, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or having, a gynobase.

GYNOCRACY Gy*noc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [See Gynecocracy.]

Defn: Female government; gynecocracy. The aforesaid state has repeatedly changed from absolute despotism to republicanism, not forgetting the intermediate stages of oligarchy, limited monarchy, and even gynocracy; for I myself remember Alsatia governed for nearly nine months by an old fishwoman. Sir H. Scott.

GYNODIOECIOUS Gy"no*di*oe`cious, a. Etym: [Gr. di.] (Bot.)

Defn: Dioecious, but having some hermaphrodite or perfect flowers on an individual plant which bears mostly pistillate flowers.

GYNOECIUM Gy*noe"ci*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The pistils of a flower, taken collectively. See Illust. of Carpophore.

GYNOPHORE Gyn"o*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. gynophore.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The pedicel raising the pistil or ovary above the stamens, as in the passion flower. Lindley.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the branches bearing the female gonophores, in certain Siphonophora.

GYP Gyp, n. Etym: [Said to be a sportive application of Gr.

Defn: A college servant; -- so called in Cambridge, England; at Oxford called a scout. [Cant]

GYPSE Gypse, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Gypsum. [Obs.] Pococke.

GYPSEOUS Gyp"se*ous, a. Etym: [L. gypseus. See Gypsum.]

Defn: Resembling or containing gypsum; partaking of the qualities of gypsum.

GYPSEY Gyp"sey, n.

Defn: A gypsy. See Gypsy.

GYPSIFEROUS Gyp*sif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Gypsum + -ferous: cf. F. gypsif.]

Defn: Containing gypsum.

GYPSINE Gyp"sine ((), a.

Defn: Gypseous. [R.] Chambers.

GYPSOGRAPHY Gyp*sog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gypsum + -graphy.]

Defn: The act or art of engraving on gypsum.

GYPSOPLAST Gyp"so*plast, n. Etym: [Gypsum + Gr.

Defn: A cast taken in plaster of Paris, or in white lime.

GYPSUM Gyp"sum, n. Etym: [L. gypsum, Gr. jibs plaster, mortar, Per. jabs lime.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral consisting of the hydrous sulphate of lime (calcium). When calcined, it forms plaster of Paris. Selenite is a transparent, crystalline variety; alabaster, a fine, white, massive variety.

GYPSY Gyp"sy, n.; pl. Gypsies. Etym: [OE. Gypcyan, F. gyptien Egyptian, gypsy, L. Aegyptius. See Egyptian.] [Also spelled gipsy and gypsey.]

1. One of a vagabond race, whose tribes, coming originally from India, entered Europe in 14th or 15th centry, and are now scattered over Turkey, Russia, Hungary, Spain, England, etc., living by theft, fortune telling, horsejockeying, tinkering, etc. Cf. Bohemian, Romany. Like a right gypsy, hath, at fast and loose, Beguiled me to the very heart of loss. Shak.

2. The language used by the gypsies. Shak.

3. A dark-complexioned person. Shak.

4. A cunning or crafty person [Collog.] Prior.

GYPSY Gyp"sy a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or suitable for, gypsies. Gypsy hat, a woman's or child's broad-brimmed hat, usually of straw or felt. -- Gypsy winch, a small winch, which may be operated by a crank, or by a ratchet and pawl through a lever working up and down.

GYPSY Gyp"sy, v. i.

Defn: To play the gypsy; to picnic in the woods. Mostly. Gyp"sy*ing, vb. n.

GYPSYISM Gyp"sy*ism, n.

1. The arts and practices or habits of gypsies; deception; cheating; flattery.

2. The state of a gypsy.

GYPSY MOTH; GIPSY MOTH Gyp"sy, or Gip"sy, moth .

Defn: A tussock moth (Ocneria dispar) native of the Old World, but accidentally introduced into eastern Massachusetts about 1869, where its caterpillars have done great damage to fruit, shade, and forest trees of many kinds. The male gypsy moth is yellowish brown, the female white, and larger than the male. In both sexes the wings are marked by dark lines and a dark lunule. The caterpillars, when full- grown, have a grayish mottled appearance, with blue tubercles on the anterior and red tubercles on the posterior part of the body, all giving rise to long yellow and black hairs. They usually pupate in July and the moth appears in August. The eggs are laid on tree trunks, rocks, etc., and hatch in the spring.

GYPSYWORT Gyp"sy*wort", n. (Bot.)

Defn: A labiate plant (the Lycopus Europæus). Gypsies are said to stain their skin with its juice.

GYRACANTHUS Gyr`a*can"thus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr, (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of fossil fishes, found in Devonian and carboniferous strata; -- so named from their round, sculptured spines.

GYRAL Gy"ral, a. Etym: [See Gyre.]

1. Moving in a circular path or way; whirling; gyratory.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to a gyrus, or convolution.

GYRANT Gy"rant, a.

Defn: Gyrating. [R.]

GYRATE Gy"rate, a. Etym: [L. gyratus made in a circular form, p. p. of gyrare.]

Defn: Winding or coiled round; curved into a circle; taking a circular course.

GYRATE Gy"rate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gyrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Gyrating.] Etym: [L. gyratus, p. p. of gyrare to gyrate. See Gyre, n.]

Defn: To revolve round a central point; to move spirally about an axis, as a tornado; to revolve.

GYRATION Gy*ra"tion, n.

1. The act of turning or whirling, as around a fixed center; a circular or spiral motion; motion about an axis; rotation; revolution. The gyrations of an ascending balloon. De Quincey. If a burning coal be nimbly moved round in a circle, with gyrations continually repeated, the whole circle will appear like fire. Sir I. Newton.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the whorls of a spiral univalve shell. Center of gyration. (Mech.) See under Center. -- Radius of gyration the distance between the axis of a rotating body and its center of gyration. Rankine.

GYRATORY Gy"ra*to*ry, a.

Defn: Moving in a circle, or spirally; revolving; whirling around.

GYRE Gyre, n. Etym: [L. gyrus, Gr.

Defn: A circular motion, or a circle described by a moving body; a turn or revolution; a circuit. Quick and more quick he spins in giddy gyres. Dryden. Still expanding and ascending gyres. Mrs. Browning.

GYRE Gyre, v. t. & i. Etym: [Cf. OF. gyrer, girer. See Gyrate.]

Defn: To turn round; to gyrate. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Drayton.

GYREFUL Gyre"ful, a.

Defn: Abounding in gyres. [Obs.]

GYRENCEPHALA Gyr"en*ceph`a*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL. fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The higher orders of Mammalia, in which the cerebrum is convoluted. -- Gyr"en*ceph"a*lous, a.

GYRFALCON Gyr"fal`con, n. Etym: [OE. gerfaucon, OF. gerfaucon, LL. gyrofalco, perh. fr. L. gyrus circle + falco falcon, and named from its circling flight; or cf. E. gier-eagle. See Gyre, n., Falcon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species and varieties of large Arctic falcons, esp. Falco rusticolus and the white species F. Islandicus, both of which are circumpolar. The black and the gray are varieties of the former. See Illust. of Accipiter. [Written also gerfalcon, gierfalcon, and jerfalcon.]

GYRI Gy"ri, n. pl.

Defn: See Gyrus.

GYRLAND Gyr"land, v. t. Etym: [See Garland.]

Defn: To garland. [Obs.]

GYRODUS Gyr"o*dus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of extinct oölitic fishes, having rounded teeth in several rows adapted for crushing.

GYROGONITE Gy*rog"o*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: The petrified fruit of the Chara hispida, a species of stonewort. See Stonewort. Lyell.

GYROIDAL Gy*roid"al, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid + -al.]

1. Spiral in arrangement or action.

2. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Having the planes arranged spirally, so that they incline all to the right (or left) of a vertical line; -- said of certain hemihedral forms.

3. (Opt.)

Defn: Turning the plane of polarization circularly or spirally to the right or left.

GYROLEPIS Gy*rol"e*pis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of ganoid fishes, found in strata of the new red sandetone, and the lias bone beds. Agassiz.

GYROMA Gy*ro"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A turning round. [R.]

GYROMANCY Gyr"o*man"cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy: cf. F. gyromancie.]

Defn: A kind of divination performed by drawing a ring or circle, and walking in or around it. Brande & C.

GYRON Gy"ron, n. Etym: [F. giron; of German origin. See Gore a piece of cloth,] (Her.)

Defn: A subordinary of triangular form having one of its angles at the fess point and the opposite aide at the edge of the escutcheon. When there is only one gyron on the shield it is bounded by two linea drawn from the fess point, one horizontally to the dexter side, and one to the dexter chief corner.

GYRONNY Gy"ron*ny, a. Etym: [F. gironn.] (Her.)

Defn: Covered with gyrons, or divided so as to form several gyrons; - - said of an escutcheon.

GYROPIGEON; GYRO-PIGEON Gy"ro*pi"geon, n. Etym: [L. gyrare to revolve + E. pigeon.]

Defn: A flying object simulating a pigeon in flight, when projected from a spring trap. It is used as a flying target in shooting matches. Knight.

GYROSCOPE Gy"ro*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

1. A rotating wheel, mounted in a ring or rings, for illustrating the dynamics of rotating bodies, the composition of rotations, etc. It was devised by Professor W. R. Johnson, in 1832, by whom it was called the rotascope.

2. A form of the above apparatus, invented by M. Foucault, mounted so delicately as to render visible the rotation of the earth, through the tendency of the rotating wheel to preserve a constant plane of rotation, independently of the earth's motion.

GYROSCOPIC Gy"ro*scop"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the gyroscope; resembling the motion of the gyroscope.

GYROSE Gy"rose", a. Etym: [See Gyre.] (Bot.)

Defn: Turned round like a crook, or bent to and fro. Loudon.

GYROSTAT Gy"ro*stat, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physics)

Defn: A modification of the gyroscope, consisting essentially of a fly wheel fixed inside a rigid case to which is attached a thin flange of metal for supporting the instrument. It is used in studying the dynamics of rotating bodies.

GYROSTATIC Gy"ro*stat"ic, a. (Physics)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the gyrostat or to gyrostatics.

GYROSTATICS Gy"ro*stat"ics, n. (Physics)

Defn: The doctrine or theory of the gyrostat, or of the phenomena of rotating bodies.

GYRUS Gy"rus, n.; pl. Gyri. Etym: [L. See Gyre, n.]

Defn: A convoluted ridge between grooves; a convolution; as, the gyri of the brain; the gyri of brain coral. See Brain.

GYSE Gyse, n.

Defn: Guise. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GYTE Gyte, a.

Defn: Delirious; senselessly extravagant; as, the man is clean gyte. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

GYVE Gyve, n. Etym: [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. gefyn, Ir. geibbionn, Gael. geimheal.]

Defn: A shackle; especially, one to confine the legs; a fetter. [Written also give.] Like a poor prisoner in his twisted gyves. Shak. With gyves upon his wrist. Hood.

GYVE Gyve, v. t. Etym: [imp. & p. p. Gyved (p. pr. & vb. n. Gyving.]

Defn: To fetter; to shackle; to chain. Spenser. I will gyve thee in thine own courtship. Shak.

H

Defn: the eighth letter of the English alphabet, is classed among the consonants, and is formed with the mouth organs in the same position as that of the succeeding vowel. It is used with certain consonants to form digraphs representing sounds which are not found in the alphabet, as sh, th, th, as in shall, thing, thine (for zh see §274); also, to modify the sounds of some other letters, as when placed after c and p, with the former of which it represents a compound sound like that of tsh, as in charm (written also tch as in catch), with the latter, the sound of f, as in phase, phantom. In some words, mostly derived or introduced from foreign languages, h following c and g indicates that those consonants have the hard sound before e, i, and y, as in chemistry, chiromancy, chyle, Ghent, Ghibelline, etc.; in some others, ch has the sound of sh, as in chicane. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 153, 179, 181-3, 237-8.

Note: The name (aitch) is from the French ache; its form is from the Latin, and this from the Greek H, which was used as the sign of the spiritus asper (rough breathing) before it came to represent the long vowel, Gr. ê. The Greek H is from Phoenician, the ultimate origin probably being Egyptian. Etymologically H is most closely related to c; as in E. horn, L. cornu, Gr. ke`ras; E. hele, v. t., conceal; E. hide, L. cutis, Gr. ky`tos; E. hundred, L. centum, Gr. 'e-kat-on, Skr. csata. H piece (Mining), the part of a plunger pump which contains the valve.

H H (hal). (Mus.)

Defn: The seventh degree in the diatonic scale, being used by the Germans for B natural. See B.

HA Ha (hal), interj. Etym: [AS.]

Defn: An exclamation denoting surprise, joy, or grief. Both as uttered and as written, it expresses a great variety of emotions, determined by the tone or the context. When repeated, ha, ha, it is an expression of laughter, satisfaction, or triumph, sometimes of derisive laughter; or sometimes it is equivalent to "Well, it is so." Ha-has, and inarticulate hootings of satirical rebuke. Carlyle.

HAAF Haaf, n. Etym: [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. & Sw. haf the sea, Dan. hav, perh. akin to E. haven.]

Defn: The deepsea fishing for cod, ling, and tusk, off the Shetland Isles.

HAAK Haak, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sea fish. See Hake. Ash.

HAAR Haar, n. Etym: [See Hoar.]

Defn: A fog; esp., a fog or mist with a chill wind. [Scot.] T. Chalmers.

HABEAS CORPUS Ha"be*as corpus. Etym: [L. you may have the body.] (Law)

Defn: A writ having for its object to bring a party before a court or judge; especially, one to inquire into the cause of a person's imprisonment or detention by another, with the view to protect the right to personal liberty; also, one to bring a prisoner into court to testify in a pending trial. Bouvier.

HABENDUM Ha*ben"dum, n. Etym: [L., that must be had.] (Law)

Defn: That part of a deed which follows the part called the premises, and determines the extent of the interest or estate granted; -- so called because it begins with the word Habendum. Kent.

HABERDASH Hab"er*dash, v. i. Etym: [See Haberdasher.]

Defn: To deal in small wares. [R.] To haberdash in earth's base ware. Quarles.

HABERDASHER Hab"er*dash"er, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. Icel. hapurtask trumpery, trifles, perh. through French. It is possibly akin to E. haversack, and to Icel. taska trunk, chest, pocket, G. tasche pocket, and the orig. sense was perh., peddler's wares.]

1. A dealer in small wares, as tapes, pins, needles, and thread; also, a hatter. [Obs.] The haberdasher heapeth wealth by hats. Gascoigne.

2. A dealer in drapery goods of various descriptions, as laces, silks, trimmings, etc.

HABERDASHERY Hab"er*dash"er*y, n.

Defn: The goods and wares sold by a haberdasher; also (Fig.), trifles. Burke.

HABERDINE Hab"er*dine", n. Etym: [D. abberdaan, labberdaan; or a French form, cf. OF. habordeau, from the name of a Basque district, cf. F. Labourd, adj. Labourdin. The l was misunderstood as the French article.]

Defn: A cod salted and dried. Ainsworth.

HABERGEON Ha*ber"ge*on, n. Etym: [F. haubergeon a small hauberk, dim. of OF. hauberc, F. haubert. See Hauberk.]

Defn: Properly, a short hauberk, but often used loosely for the hauberk. Chaucer.

HABILATORY Hab"i*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to clothing; wearing clothes. Ld. Lytton.

HABILE Hab"ile, a. Etym: [F. habile, L. habilis. See Able, Habit.]

Defn: Fit; qualified; also, apt. [Obs.] Spenser.

HABILIMENT Ha*bil"i*ment, n. Etym: [F. habillement, fr. habiller to dress, clothe, orig., to make fit, make ready, fr. habile apt, skillful, L. habilis. See Habile.]

1. A garment; an article of clothing. Camden.

2. pl.

Defn: Dress, in general. Shak.

HABILIMENTED Ha*bil"i*ment*ed, a.

Defn: Clothed. Taylor (1630).

HABILITATE Ha*bil"i*tate, a. Etym: [LL. habilitatus, p. p. of habilitare to enable.]

Defn: Qualified or entitled. [Obs.] Bacon.

HABILITATE Ha*bil"i*tate, v. t.

Defn: To fit out; to equip; to qualify; to entitle. Johnson.

HABILITATION Ha*bil"i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [LL. habilitatio: cf. F. habilitation.]

Defn: Equipment; qualification. [Obs.] Bacon.

HABILITY Ha*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [See Ability.]

Defn: Ability; aptitude. [Obs.] Robynson. (More's Utopia).

HABIT Hab"it n. Etym: [OE. habit, abit fr. habit fr. L. habitus state, appearance, dress, fr. habere to have, be in a condition; prob. akin to E. have. See Have, and cf. Able, Binnacle, Debt, Due, Exhibit, Malady.]

1. The usual condition or state of a person or thing, either natural or acquired, regarded as something had, possessed, and firmly retained; as, a religious habit; his habit is morose; elms have a spreading habit; esp., physical temperament or constitution; as, a full habit of body.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: The general appearance and manner of life of a living organism.

3. Fixed or established custom; ordinary course of conduct; practice; usage; hence, prominently, the involuntary tendency or aptitude to perform certain actions which is acquired by their frequent repetition; as, habit is second nature; also, peculiar ways of acting; characteristic forms of behavior. A man of very shy, retired habits. W. Irving.

4. Outward appearance; attire; dress; hence, a garment; esp., a closely fitting garment or dress worn by ladies; as, a riding habit. Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy. Shak. There are, among the states, several of Venus, in different habits. Addison.

Syn. -- Practice; mode; manner; way; custom; fashion. -- Habit, Custom. Habit is a disposition or tendency leading us to do easily, naturally, and with growing certainty, what we do often; custom is external, being habitual use or the frequent repetition of the same act. The two operate reciprocally on each other. The custom of giving produces a habit of liberality; habits of devotion promote the custom of going to church. Custom also supposes an act of the will, selecting given modes of procedure; habit is a law of our being, a kind of "second nature" which grows up within us. How use doth breed a habit in a man ! Shak. He who reigns . . . upheld by old repute, Consent, or custom. Milton.

HABIT Hab"it, v. t. [ Habited; p. pr. & vb. n. Habiting.] Etym: [OE. habiten to dwell, F. habiter, fr. L. habitare to have frequently, to dwell, intens. fr. habere to have. See Habit, n.]

1. To inhabit. [Obs.] In thilke places as they [birds] habiten. Rom. of R.

2. To dress; to clothe; to array. They habited themselves lite those rural deities. Dryden.

3. To accustom; to habituate. [Obs.] Chapman.

HABITABILITY Hab"it*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Habitableness.

HABITABLE Hab"it*a*ble, a. Etym: [F. habitable, L. habitbilis.]

Defn: Capable of being inhabited; that may be inhabited or dwelt in; as, the habitable world. -- Hab"it*a*ble*ness, n. -- Hab"it*a*bly, adv.

HABITABLE Hab"ita*ble, n Etym: [F. habitacle dwelling place, binnacle, L. habitaculum dwelling place. See Binnacle, Habit, v.]

Defn: A dwelling place. Chaucer. Southey.

HABITAN Ha`bi`tan", n.

Defn: Same as Habitant, 2. General met an emissary . . . sent . . . to ascertain the feelings of the habitans or French yeomanry. W. Irwing.

HABITANCE Hab"it*ance, n. Etym: [OF. habitance, LL. habitania.]

Defn: Dwelling; abode; residence. [Obs.] Spenser.

HABITANCY Hab"it*an*cy, n.

Defn: Same as Inhabitancy.

HABITANT Hab`it*ant, n. Etym: [F. habitant. See Habit, v.t]

1. An inhabitant; a dweller. Milton. Pope.

2. Etym: [F. pron. (]

Defn: An inhabitant or resident; -- a name applied to and denoting farmers of French descent or origin in Canada, especially in the Province of Quebec; -- usually in plural. The habitants or cultivators of the soil. Parkman.

HABITAT Hab`i*tat, n. Etym: [L., it dwells, fr. habitare. See Habit, v. t.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: The natural abode, locality or region of an animal or plant.

2. Place where anything is commonly found. This word has its habitat in Oxfordshire. Earle.

HABITATION Hab`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [F. habitation, L. habi(atio.]

1. The act of inhabiting; state of inhabiting or dwelling, or of being inhabited; occupancy. Denham.

2. Place of abode; settled dwelling; residence; house. The Lord . . . blesseth the habitation of the just. Prov. iii. 33.

HABITATOR Hab"ita`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A dweller; an inhabitant. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

HABITED Hab`it*ed, p. p. & a.

1. Clothed; arrayed; dressed; as, he was habited like a shepherd.

2. Fixed by habit; accustomed. [Obs.] So habited he was in sobriety. Fuller.

3. Inhabited. [Archaic] Another world, which is habited by the ghosts of men and women. Addison.

HABITUAL Ha*bit"ual, a. Etym: [Cf. F. habituel, LL. habituals. See Habit, n.]

1. Formed or acquired by habit or use. An habitual knowledge of certain rules and maxims. South.

2. According to habit; established by habit; customary; constant; as, the habiual practice of sin. It is the distinguishing mark of habitual piety to be grateful for the most common and ordinary blessings. Buckminster.

Syn. -- Customary; accustomed; usual; common; wonted; ordinary; regular; familiar. -- Ha*bit"u*al*ly, adv. -- Ha*bit"u*al*ness, n.

HABITUATE Ha*bit"u*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Habituated; p. pr. & vb. n. Habituating.] Etym: [L. habituatus, p. p. of habituare to bring into a condition or habit of body: cf. F. habituer. See Habit.]

1. To make accustomed; to accustom; to familiarize. Our English dogs, who were habituated to a colder clime. Sir K. Digby. Men are first corrupted . . . and next they habituate themselves to their vicious practices. Tillotson.

2. To settle as an inhabitant. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.

HABITUATE Ha*bit"u*ate, a.

Defn: Firmly established by custom; formed by habit; habitual. [R.] Hammond.

HABITUATION Ha*bit`u*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. habituation.]

Defn: The act of habituating, or accustoming; the state of being habituated.

HABITUDE Hab"i*tude, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. habitudo condition. See Habit.]

1. Habitual attitude; usual or accustomed state with reference to something else; established or usual relations. South. The same ideas having immutably the same habitudes one to another. Locke. The verdict of the judges was biased by nothing else than habitudes of thinking. Landor.

2. Habitual association, intercourse, or familiarity. To write well, one must have frequent habitudes with the best company. Dryden.

3. Habit of body or of action. Shak. It is impossible to gain an exact habitude without an infinite Dryden.

HABITUE Ha`bi`tu`e", n. Etym: [F., p. p. of habituer. See Habituate.]

Defn: One who habitually frequents a place; as, an habitué of a theater.

HABITURE Hab"i*ture, n.

Defn: Habitude. [Obs.]

HABITUS Hab"i*tus, n. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Habitude; mode of life; general appearance.

HABLE Ha"ble, a.

Defn: See Habile. [Obs.] Spenser.

HABNAB Hab"nab, adv. [Hobnob.]

Defn: By chance. [Obs.]

HACHURE Hach"ure, n. Etym: [F., fr. hacher to hack. See Hatching.] (Fine Arts)

Defn: A short line used in drawing and engraving, especially in shading and denoting different surfaces, as in map drawing. See Hatching.

HACIENDA Ha`ci*en"da ( or ), n. Etym: [Sp., fr. OSp. facienda employment, estate, fr. L. facienda, pl. of faciendum what is to be done, fr. facere to do. See Fact.]

Defn: A large estate where work of any kind is done, as agriculture, manufacturing, mining, or raising of animals; a cultivated farm, with a good house, in distinction from a farming establishment with rude huts for herdsmen, etc.; -- a word used in Spanish-American regions. 1.

HACK Hack, n. Etym: [See Hatch a half door.]

1. A frame or grating of various kinds; as, a frame for drying bricks, fish, or cheese; a rack for feeding cattle; a grating in a mill race, etc.

2. Unburned brick or tile, stacked up for drying.

HACK Hack, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hacked; p. pr. & vb. n. Hacking.] Etym: [OE. hakken; akin to D. hakken, G. hacken, Dan. hakke, Sw. hacka, and perh. to E. hew. Cf. Hew to cut, Haggle.]

1. To cut irregulary, without skill or definite purpose; to notch; to mangle by repeated strokes of a cutting instrument; as, to hack a post. My sword hacked like a handsaw. Shak.

2. Fig.: To mangle in speaking. Shak.

HACK Hack, v. i.

Defn: To cough faintly and frequently, or in a short, broken manner; as, a hacking cough.

HACK Hack, n.

1. A notch; a cut. Shak.

2. An implement for cutting a notch; a large pick used in breaking stone.

3. A hacking; a catch in speaking; a short, broken cough. Dr. H. More.

4. (Football)

Defn: A kick on the shins. T. Hughes. Hack saw, a handsaw having a narrow blade stretched in an iron frame, for cutting metal.

HACK Hack, n. Etym: [Shortened fr. hackney. See Hackney.]

1. A horse, hackneyed or let out for common hire; also, a horse used in all kinds of work, or a saddle horse, as distinguished from hunting and carriage horses.

2. A coach or carriage let for hire; particularly, a a coach with two seats inside facing each other; a hackney coach. On horse, on foot, in hacks and gilded chariots. Pope.

3. A bookmaker who hires himself out for any sort of literary work; an overworked man; a drudge. Here lies poor Ned Purdon, from misery freed, Who long was a bookseller's hack. Goldsmith.

4. A procuress.

HACK Hack, a.

Defn: Hackneyed; hired; mercenary. Wakefield. Hack writer, a hack; one who writes for hire. "A vulgar hack writer." Macaulay.

HACK Hack, v. t.

1. To use as a hack; to let out for hire.

2. To use frequently and indiscriminately, so as to render trite and commonplace. The word "remarkable" has been so hacked of late. J. H. Newman.

HACK Hack, v. i.

1. To be exposed or offered or to common use for hire; to turn prostitute. Hanmer.

2. To live the life of a drudge or hack. Goldsmith.

HACKAMORE Hack"a*more, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. jaquima headstall of a halter.]

Defn: A halter consisting of a long leather or rope strap and headstall, -- used for leading or tieing a pack animal. [Western U.S.]

HACKBERRY Hack"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees (Celtis) related to the elm, but bearing drupes with scanty, but often edible, pulp. C. occidentalis is common in the Eastern United States. Gray.

HACKBOLT Hack"bolt`, n, (Zoöl.)

Defn: The greater shearwater or hagdon. See Hagdon.

HACKBUSS Hack"buss, n.

Defn: Same as Hagbut.

HACKEE Hack"ee, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chipmunk; also, the chickaree or red squirrel. [U.S.]

HACKER Hack"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, hacks. Specifically: A cutting instrument for making notches; esp., one used for notching pine trees in collecting turpentine; a hack.

HACKERY Hack"er*y, n. Etym: [Hind. chakra.]

Defn: A cart with wooden wheels, drawn by bullocks. [Bengal] Malcom.

HACKLE Hac"kle, n. Etym: [See Heckle, and cf. Hatchel.]

1. A comb for dressing flax, raw silk, etc.; a hatchel.

2. Any flimsy substance unspun, as raw silk.

3. One of the peculiar, long, narrow feathers on the neck of fowls, most noticeable on the cock, -- often used in making artificial flies; hence, any feather so used.

4. An artificial fly for angling, made of feathers.

HACKLE Hac"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hackled; p. pr. & vb. n. Hackling.]

1. To separate, as the coarse part of flax or hemp from the fine, by drawing it through the teeth of a hackle or hatchel.

2. To tear asunder; to break in pieces. The other divisions of the kingdom being hackled and torn to pieces. Burke.

HACKLY Hac"kly, a. Etym: [From Hackle]

1. Rough or broken, as if hacked.

2. (Min.)

Defn: Having fine, short, and sharp points on the surface; as, the hackly fracture of metallic iron.

HACKMAN Hack"man, n.; pl. Hackmen (.

Defn: The driver of a hack or carriage for public hire.

HACKMATACK Hack"ma*tack`, n. Etym: [Of American Indian origin.] (Bot.)

Defn: The American larch (Larix Americana), a coniferous tree with slender deciduous leaves; also, its heavy, close-grained timber. Called also tamarack.

HACKNEY Hack"ney, n.; pl. Hackneys. Etym: [OE. haceney, hacenay; cf. F. haquenée a pacing horse, an ambling nag, OF. also haquenée, Sp. hacanea, OSp. facanea, D. hakkenei, also OF. haque horse, Sp. haca, OSp. faca; perh akin to E. hack to cut, and orig. meaning, a jolting horse. Cf. Hack a horse, Nag.]

1. A horse for riding or driving; a nag; a pony. Chaucer.

2. A horse or pony kept for hire.

3. A carriage kept for hire; a hack; a hackney coach.

4. A hired drudge; a hireling; a prostitute.

HACKNEY Hack"ney, a.

Defn: Let out for hire; devoted to common use; hence, much used; trite; mean; as, hackney coaches; hackney authors. "Hackney tongue." Roscommon.

HACKNEY Hack"ney, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hackneyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Hackneying.]

1. To devote to common or frequent use, as a horse or carriage; to wear out in common service; to make trite or commonplace; as, a hackneyed metaphor or quotation. Had I lavish of my presence been, So common-hackneyed in the eyes of men. Shak.

2. To carry in a hackney coach. Cowper.

HACKNEYMAN Hack"ney*man, n.; pl. Hackneymen (.

Defn: A man who lets horses and carriages for hire.

HACKSTER Hack"ster, n. Etym: [From Hack to cut.]

Defn: A bully; a bravo; a ruffian; an assassin. [Obs.] Milton.

HACQUETON Hac"que*ton, n.

Defn: Same as Acton. [Obs.]

HAD Had, imp. & p. p. of Have. Etym: [OE.had, hafde, hefde, AS. hæfde.]

Defn: See Have. Had as lief, Had rather, Had better, Had as soon, etc., with a nominative and followed by the infinitive without to, are well established idiomatic forms. The original construction was that of the dative with forms of be, followed by the infinitive. See Had better, under Better. And lever me is be pore and trewe. [And more agreeable to me it is to be poor and true.] C. Mundi (Trans. ). Him had been lever to be syke. [To him it had been preferable to be sick.] Fabian. For him was lever have at his bed's head Twenty bookes, clad in black or red, . . . Than robes rich, or fithel, or gay sawtrie. Chaucer.

Note: Gradually the nominative was substituted for the dative, and had for the forms of be. During the process of transition, the nominative with was or were, and the dative with had, are found. Poor lady, she were better love a dream. Shak. You were best hang yourself. Beau. & Fl. Me rather had my heart might feel your love Than my unpleased eye see your courtesy. Shak. I hadde levere than my scherte, That ye hadde rad his legende, as have I. Chaucer. I had as lief not be as live to be In awe of such a thing as I myself. Shak. I had rather be a dog and bay the moon, Than such a Roman. Shak. I had rather be a doorkeeper in the house of my God, than to dwell in the tents of wickedness. Ps. lxxxiv.10.

HADDER Had"der, n.

Defn: Heather; heath. [Obs.] Burton.

HADDIE Had"die, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The haddock. [Scot.]

HADDOCK Had"dock, n. Etym: [OE. hadoc, haddok, of unknown origin; cf. Ir. codog, Gael. adag, F. hadot.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine food fish (Melanogrammus æglefinus), allied to the cod, inhabiting the northern coasts of Europe and America. It has a dark lateral line and a black spot on each side of the body, just back of the gills. Galled also haddie, and dickie. Norway haddock, a marine edible fish (Sebastes marinus) of Northern Europe and America. See Rose fish.

HADE Hade, n. Etym: [Cf. heald inclined, bowed down, G. halde declivity.]

1. The descent of a hill. [Obs.]

2. (Mining)

Defn: The inclination or deviation from the vertical of any mineral vein.

HADE Hade, v. i. (Mining)

Defn: To deviate from the vertical; -- said of a vein, fault, or lode.

HADES Ha"des, n. Etym: [Gr.Un-, Wit.]

Defn: The nether world (according to classical mythology, the abode of the shades, ruled over by Hades or Pluto); the invisible world; the grave. And death and Hades gave up the dead which were in them. Rev. xx. 13 (Rev. Ver. ). Neither was he left in Hades, nor did his flesh see corruption. Acts ii. 31 (Rev. Ver.). And in Hades he lifted up his eyes, being in torments. Luke xvi.23 (Rev. Ver.).

HADJ Hadj, n. Etym: [Ar.hajj, fr. hajja to set out, walk, go on a pilgrimage.]

Defn: The pilgrimage to Mecca, performed by Mohammedans.

HADJI Hadj"i, n. Etym: [Ar. haji. See Hadj.]

1. A Mohammedan pilgrim to Mecca; -- used among Orientals as a respectful salutation or a title of honor. G. W. Curtis.

2. A Greek or Armenian who has visited the holy sepulcher at Jerusalem. Heyse.

HADROSAURUS Had`ro*sau"rus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "adro`s thick + say^ros lizard.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An American herbivorous dinosaur of great size, allied to the iguanodon. It is found in the Cretaceous formation.

HAECCEITY Hæc*ce`i*ty, Etym: [L. hæcce this.] (Logic)

Defn: Literally, this-ness. A scholastic term to express individuality or singleness; as, this book.

HAEMA-; HAEMATO-; HAEMO- Haem"a- (, Haem"a*to- (, Hæm"o- (. Etym: [Gr. ai^"ma, blood.]

Defn: Combining forms indicating relation or resemblance to blood, association with blood; as, hæmapod, hæmatogenesis, hæmoscope.

Note: Words from Gr. (hema-, hemato-, hemo-, as well as hæma-, hæmato-, hæmo-.

HAEMACHROME Hæm"a*chrome ( or ), n. Etym: [Hæma- + Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Hematin.

HAEMACYANIN Hæm`a*cy"a*nin, n. Etym: [Hæma- + Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A substance found in the blood of the octopus, which gives to it its blue color.

Note: When deprived of oxygen it is colorless, but becomes quickly blue in contact with oxygen, and is then generally called oxyhæmacyanin. A similar blue coloring matter has been detected in small quantity in the blood of other animals and in the bile.

HAEMACYTOMETER Hæm`a*cy*tom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Hæma + Gr. -meter.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An apparatus for determining the number of corpuscles in a given quantity of blood.

HAEMAD Hæ"mad, adv. Etym: [Hæma- + L. ad toward.] (Anat.)

Defn: Toward the hæmal side; on the hæmal side of; -- opposed to neurad.

HAEMADROMETER; HAEMADROMOMETER Hæm`a*drom"e*ter, Hæm`a*dro*mom"e*ter, n.

Defn: Same as Hemadrometer.

HAEMADROMETRY; HAEMADROMOMETRY Haem`a*drom"e*try,Haem`a*dro*mom"e*try, n.

Defn: Same as Hemadrometry.

HAEMADROMOGRAPH Hæm`a*drom"o*graph, n. Etym: [Hæma- + Gr. -graph.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for registering the velocity of the blood.

HAEMADYNAMETER; HAEMADYNAMOMETER Hae`ma*dy*nam"e*ter ( or ) Hae`ma*dy`na*mom"e*ter ( or ),

Defn: Same as Hemadynamometer.

HAEMADYNAMICS Hæma*dy*nam"ics (, n.

Defn: Same as Hemadynamics.

HAEMAL Hæ"mal, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to the blood or blood vessels; also, ventral. See Hemal.

HAEMAPHAEIN Hæm`a*phæ"in, n. Etym: [Hæma- + Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A brownish substance sometimes found in the blood, in cases of jaundice.

HAEMAPOD Hæm"a*pod ( or ), n. Etym: [Hæma + -pod.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An hæmapodous animal. G. Rolleston.

HAEMAPODOUS Hæ*map"o*dous, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Having the limbs on, or directed toward, the ventral or hemal side, as in vertebrates; -- opposed to neuropodous.

HAEMAPOIETIC Hæm`a*poi*et"ic ( or ), a. Etym: [Hæma- + Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Bloodforming; as, the hæmapoietic function of the spleen.

HAEMAPOPHYSIS Hæm`a*poph"y*sis, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Same as Hemapophysis. -- Hæm`a*po*phys"i*al, a.

HAEMASTATICS Hæm`a*stat"ics, n.

Defn: Same as Hemastatics.

HAEMATACHOMETER Hæm`a*ta*chom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Hæma- + Gr. -meter.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A form of apparatus (somewhat different from the hemadrometer) for measuring the velocity of the blood.

HAEMATACHOMETRY Hæm`a*ta*chom"e*try, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The measurement of the velocity of the blood.

HAEMATEMESIS Hæm`a*tem"e*sis, n.

Defn: Same as Hematemesis.

HAEMATIC Hæ*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the blood; sanguine; brownish red. Hæmatic acid (Physiol.), a hypothetical acid, supposed to be formed from hemoglobin during its oxidation in the lungs, and to have the power of freeing carbonic acid from the sodium carbonate of the serum. Thudichum.

HAEMATIN Hæm"a*tin, n.

Defn: Same as Hematin.

HAEMATINOMETER Hæm`a*ti*nom"e*ter, n.

Defn: Same as Hematinometer.

HAEMATINOMETRIC Hæm`a*tin`o*met"ric, a.

Defn: Same as Hematinometric.

HAEMATITE Hæm"a*tite, n.

Defn: Same as Hematite.

HAEMATITIC Hæm`a*tit"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of a blood-red color; crimson; (Bot.) brownish red.

HAEMATO- Hæm"a*to- ( or ), prefix.

Defn: See Hæma-.

HAEMATOBLAST Hæm"a*to*blast, n. Etym: [Hæmato- + -blast.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the very minute, disk-shaped bodies found in blood with the ordinary red corpuscles and white corpuscles; a third kind of blood corpuscle, supposed by some to be an early stage in the development of the red corpuscles; -- called also blood plaque, and blood plate.

HAEMATOCRYA Hæm`a*toc"ry*a, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cold-blooded vertebrates. Same as Hematocrya.

HAEMATOCRYAL Hæm`*a*toc"ry*al, a.

Defn: Cold-blooded.

HAEMATOCRYSTALLIN Hæm`a*to*crys"tal*lin, n.

Defn: Same as Hematocrystallin.

HAEMATODYNAMOMETER Hæ`ma*to*dy`na*mom"e*ter ( or ), n.

Defn: Same as Hemadynamometer.

HAEMATOGENESIS Hæm`a*to*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Hæmato- + genesis.] (Physiol.) (a) The origin and development of blood. (b) The transformation of venous arterial blood by respiration; hematosis.

HAEMATOGENIC Hæm`a*to*gen"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Relating to hæmatogenesis.

HAEMATOGENOUS Hæm`a*tog"e*nous, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Originating in the blood.

HAEMATOGLOBULIN Hæm`a*to*glob"u*lin, n.

Defn: Same as Hematoglobin.

HAEMATOID Hæm"a*toid, a.

Defn: Same as Hematoid.

HAEMATOIDIN Hæm`a*toid"in, n.

Defn: Same as Hematoidin.

HAEMATOIN Hæ*mat"o*in, n. Etym: [Hæmato- + -in.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A substance formed from the hematin of blood, by removal of the iron through the action of concentrated sulphuric acid. Two like bodies, called respectively hæmatoporphyrin and hæmatolin, are formed in a similar manner.

HAEMATOLIN Hæ*mat"o*lin, n.

Defn: See Hæmatoin.

HAEMATOLOGY Hæm`a*tol"o*gy ( or ), n.

Defn: The science which treats of the blood. Same as Hematology.

HAEMATOLYSIS Hæm`a*tol"y*sis, n. [NL.; hæmato- + Gr. a loosing, dissolving, fr. to loose, dissolve.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Dissolution of the red blood corpuscles with diminished coagulability of the blood; hæmolysis. -- Hæm`a*to*lyt"ic (#), a.

HAEMATOMETER Hæm`a*tom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Hæmato- + -meter.] (Physiol.) (a) Same as Hemadynamometer. (b) An instrument for determining the number of blood corpuscles in a given quantity of blood.

HAEMATOPHILINA Hæm`a*to*ph*i*li"na, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. -gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Cheiroptera, including the bloodsucking bats. See Vampire.

HAEMATOPLAST Hæm"a*to*plast`, n. Etym: [Hæmato- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Hæmatoblast.

HAEMATOPLASTIC Hæm`a*to*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Hæmato- + -plastic.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Blood formative; -- applied to a substance in early fetal life, which breaks up gradually into blood vessels.

HAEMATOPORPHYRIN Hæm`a*to*por"phy*rin, n. Etym: [Hæmato- + Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: See Hæmatoin.

HAEMATOSAC Hæm"a*to*sac`, n. Etym: [Hæmato- + sac.] (Anat.)

Defn: A vascular sac connected, beneath the brain, in many fishes, with the infundibulum.

HAEMATOSCOPE Hæm"a*to*scope`, n.

Defn: A hæmoscope.

HAEMATOSIN Hæm`a*to"sin ( or ), n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Hematin. [R.]

HAEMATOSIS Hæm`a*to"sis, n.

Defn: Same as Hematosis.

HAEMATOTHERMA Hæm`a*to*ther"ma, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Hematotherma.

HAEMATOTHERMAL Hæm`a*to*ther"mal, a.

Defn: Warm-blooded; homoiothermal.

HAEMATOTHORAX Hæm`a*to*tho"rax, n.

Defn: Same as Hemothorax.

HAEMATOXYLIN Hæm`a*tox"y*lin, n. Etym: [See Hæmatoxylon.] (Chem.)

Defn: The coloring principle of logwood. It is obtained as a yellow crystalline substance, C16H14O6, with a sweetish taste. Formerly called also hematin.

HAEMATOXYLON Hæm`a*tox"y*lon, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of leguminous plants containing but a single species, the H. Campechianum or logwood tree, native in Yucatan.

HAEMATOZOON; HAEMATOZOOEN Hæm`a*to*zo"ön, n.; pl. Hæmatozoa. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A parasite inhabiting the blood; esp.: (a) Certain species of nematodes of the genus Filaria, sometimes found in the blood of man, the horse, the dog, etc. (b) The trematode, Bilharzia hæmatobia, which infests the inhabitants of Egypt and other parts of Africa, often causing death.

HAEMIC Hæ"mic ( or )

Defn: ,

HAEMIN Hæ"min, n.

Defn: Same as Hemin.

HAEMO- Hæm"o- ( or ), prefix.

Defn: See Hæma-.

HAEMOCHROME Hæm"ochrome, n.

Defn: Same as Hæmachrome.

HAEMOCHROMOGEN Hæm`o*chro"mogen, n. Etym: [Hæmochrome + -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A body obtained from hemoglobin, by the action of reducing agents in the absence of oxygen.

HAEMOCHROMOMETER Hæm`o*chro*mom`e*ter, n. Etym: [Hæmochrome + -meter.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: An apparatus for measuring the amount of hemoglobin in a fluid, by comparing it with a solution of known strength and of normal color.

HAEMOCYANIN Hæm`o*cy"a*nin, n.

Defn: Same as Hæmacyanin.

HAEMOCYTOLYSIS Hæm`o*cy*tol"y*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: See Hæmocytotrypsis.

HAEMOCYTOMETER Hæm`o*cy*tom"e*ter, n.

Defn: See Hæmacytometer.

HAEMOCYTOTRYPSIS Hæm`o*cy`to*tryp"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A breaking up of the blood corpuscles, as by pressure, in distinction from solution of the corpuscles, or hæmcytolysis.

HAEMODROMOGRAPH Hæm`o*drom"o*graph, n.

Defn: Same as Hæmadromograph.

HAEMODROMOMETER Hæm`o*dro*mom"e*ter(-dro*mom"e*ter),n.

Defn: Same as Hemadrometer.

HAEMODYNAMETER Hæ`mo*dy*nam"e*ter ( or ), n.

Defn: Same as Hemadynamics.

HAEMODYNAMICS Hæ`mo*dy*nam"ics,n.

Defn: Same as Hemadynamics.

HAEMOGLOBIN Hæm`o*glo"bin, n.

Defn: Same as Hemoglobin.

HAEMOGLOBINOMETER Hæm`o*glo`bin*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Hæmoglobin + -meter.]

Defn: Same as Hemochromometer.

HAEMOL Hæ"mol, n. [Gr. blood.] (Chem.)

Defn: A dark brown powder containing iron, prepared by the action of zinc dust as a reducing agent upon the coloring matter of the blood, used medicinally as a hematinic.

HAEMOLUTEIN Hæm`o*lu"te*in, n. Etym: [Hæmo- + corpus luteum.] (Physiol.)

Defn: See Hematoidin.

HAEMOLYSIS; HAEMOLYTIC Hæ*mol"y*sis, n., Hæm`o*lyt"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Same as Hæmatolysis, Hæmatolytic.

HAEMOMANOMETER Hæm`o*ma*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Hæmo- + manometer.]

Defn: Same as Hemadynamometer.

HAEMOMETER Hæ*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Hæmo- + -meter.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Same as Hemadynamometer.

HAEMONY Hæ"mo*ny, n. Etym: [L. Hæmonia a name of Thessaly, the land of magic.]

Defn: A plant described by Milton as "of sovereign use against all enchantments."

HAEMOPLASTIC Hæmo*plas"tic, a.

Defn: Same as Hæmatoplastic.

HAEMORRHOIDAL Hæm"or*rhoid"al, a.

Defn: Same as Hemorrhoidal.

HAEMOSCOPE Hæm"o*scope ( or ), n. Etym: [Hæmo- + -scope.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument devised by Hermann, for regulating and measuring the thickness of a layer of blood for spectroscopic examination.

HAEMOSTATIC Hæm`o*stat"ic, a.

Defn: Same Hemostatic.

HAEMOTACHOMETER Hæm`o*ta*chom"e*ter, n.

Defn: Same as Hæmatachometer.

HAEMOTACHOMETRY Hæm`o*ta*chom"e*try, n.

Defn: Same as Hæmatachometry.

HAF Haf, imp. of Heave.

Defn: Hove. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HAFFLE Haf"fle, v. i. Etym: [Cf. G. haften to cling, stick to, Prov. G., to stop, stammer.]

Defn: To stammer; to speak unintelligibly; to prevaricate. [Prov.Eng.] Halliwell.

HAFT Haft, n. Etym: [AS. hæft; akin to D. & G. heft, Icel. hepti, and to E. Heave, or have. Cf. Heft.]

1. A handle; that part of an instrument or vessel taken into the hand, and by which it is held and used; -- said chiefly of a knife, sword, or dagger; the hilt. This brandish'dagger I'll bury to the haft in her fair breast. Dryden.

2. A dwelling. [Scot.] Jamieson.

HAFT Haft, v. t.

Defn: To set in, or furnish with, a haft; as, to haft a dagger.

HAFTER Haft"er, n. [haften to cling or stick to, and E. haffle.]

Defn: A caviler; a wrangler. [Obs.] Baret.

HAG Hag, n. Etym: [OE. hagge, hegge, with, hag, AS. hægtesse; akin to OHG. hagazussa, G. hexe, D. heks, Dan. hex, Sw. häxa. The first part of the word is prob. the same as E. haw, hedge, and the orig. meaning was perh., wood woman, wild woman.

1. A witch, sorceress, or enchantress; also, a wizard. [Obs.] "[Silenus] that old hag." Golding.

2. An ugly old woman.

3. A fury; a she-monster. Grashaw.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An eel-like marine marsipobranch (Myxine glutinosa), allied to the lamprey. It has a suctorial mouth, with labial appendages, and a single pair of gill openings. It is the type of the order Hyperotpeta. Called also hagfish, borer, slime eel, sucker, and sleepmarken.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hagdon or shearwater.

6. An appearance of light and fire on a horse's mane or a man's hair. Blount. Hag moth (Zoöl.), a moth (Phobetron pithecium), the larva of which has curious side appendages, and feeds on fruit trees. -- Hag's tooth (Naut.), an ugly irregularity in the pattern of matting or pointing.

HAG Hag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hagged; p. pr. & vb. n. Hagging.]

Defn: To harass; to weary with vexation. How are superstitious men hagged out of their wits with the fancy of omens. L'Estrange.

HAG Hag, n. Etym: [Scot. hag to cut; cf. E. hack.]

1. A small wood, or part of a wood or copse, which is marked off or inclosed for felling, or which has been felled. This said, he led me over hoults and hags; Through thorns and bushes scant my legs I drew. Fairfax.

2. A quagmire; mossy ground where peat or turf has been cut. Dugdale.

HAGBERRY Hag"ber"ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Prunus (P. Padus); the bird cherry. [Scot.]

HAGBORN Hag"born`, a.

Defn: Born of a hag or witch. Shak.

HAGBUT Hag"but, n. Etym: [OF. haquebute, prob. a corruption of D. haakbus; haak hook + bus gun barrel. See Hook, and 2d Box, and cf. Arquebus.]

Defn: A harquebus, of which the but was bent down or hooked for convenience in taking aim. [Written also haguebut and hackbuss.]

HAGBUTTER Hag"but*ter, n.

Defn: A soldier armed with a hagbut or arquebus. [Written also hackbutter.] Froude.

HAGDON Hag"don, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of sea birds of the genus Puffinus; esp., P. major, the greater shearwarter, and P. Stricklandi, the black hagdon or sooty shearwater; -- called also hagdown, haglin, and hag. See Shearwater.

HAGFISH Hag"fish`(-fish`),n.(Zoöl.)

Defn: See Hag, 4.

HAGGADA Hag*ga"da, n.; pl. Haggadoth. Etym: [Rabbinic haggadha, fr. Heb. higgidh to relate.]

Defn: A story, anecdote, or legend in the Talmud, to explain or illustrate the text of the Old Testament. [Written also hadaga.]

HAGGARD Hag"gard, a. Etym: [F. hagard; of German origin, and prop. meaning, of the hegde or woods, wild, untamed. See Hedge, 1st Haw, and -ard.]

1. Wild or intractable; disposed to break away from duty; untamed; as, a haggard or refractory hawk. [Obs.] Shak

2. Etym: [For hagged, fr. hag a witch, influenced by haggard wild.]

Defn: Having the expression of one wasted by want or suffering; hollow-eyed; having the features distorted or wasted, or anxious in appearance; as, haggard features, eyes. Staring his eyes, and haggard was his look. Dryden.

HAGGARD Hag"gard, n. Etym: [See Haggard, a.]

1. (Falconry)

Defn: A young or untrained hawk or falcon.

2. A fierce, intractable creature. I have loved this proud disdainful haggard. Shak.

3. Etym: [See Haggard, a., 2.]

Defn: A hag. [Obs.] Garth.

HAGGARD Hag"gard, n. Etym: [See 1st Haw, Hedge, and Yard an inclosed space.]

Defn: A stackyard. [Prov. Eng.] Swift.

HAGGARDLY Hag"gard*ly, adv.

Defn: In a haggard manner. Dryden.

HAGGED Hag"ged, a.

Defn: Like a hag; lean; ugly. [R.]

HAGGIS Hag"gis, n. Etym: [Scot. hag to hack, chop, E. hack. Formed, perhaps, in imitation of the F. hachis (E. hash), fr. hacher.]

Defn: A Scotch pudding made of the heart, liver, lights, etc., of a sheep or lamb, minced with suet, onions, oatmeal, etc., highly seasoned, and boiled in the stomach of the same animal; minced head and pluck. [Written also haggiss, haggess, and haggies.]

HAGGISH Hag"gish, a.

Defn: Like a hag; ugly; wrinkled. But on both did haggish age steal on. Shak.

HAGGISHLY Hag"gish*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a hag.

HAGGLE Hag"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Haggled; p. pr. & vb. n. Haggling.] Etym: [Freq. of Scot. hag, E. hack. See Hack to cut.]

Defn: To cut roughly or hack; to cut into small pieces; to notch or cut in an unskillful manner; to make rough or mangle by cutting; as, a boy haggles a stick of wood. Suffolk first died, and York, all haggled o'er, Comes to him, where in gore he lay insteeped. Shak.

HAGGLE Hag"gle, v. i.

Defn: To be difficult in bargaining; to stick at small matters; to chaffer; to higgle. Royalty and science never haggled about the value of blood. Walpole.

HAGGLE Hag"gle, n.

Defn: The act or process of haggling. Carlyle.

HAGGLER Hag"gler, n.

1. One who haggles or is difficult in bargaining.

2. One who forestalls a market; a middleman between producer and dealer in London vegetable markets.

HAGIARCHY Ha"gi*ar`chy, n. Etym: [Gr. -archy.]

Defn: A sacred government; by holy orders of men. Southey.

HAGIOCRACY Ha`gi*oc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Government by a priesthood; hierarchy.

HAGIOGRAPHA Ha`gi*og"ra*pha, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. The last of the three Jewish divisions of the Old Testament, or that portion not contained in the Law and the Prophets. It comprises Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Canticles, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, and Chronicles.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The lives of the saints. Brande & C.

HAGIOGRAPHAL Ha`gi*og"ra*phal

Defn: , Pertaining to the hagiographa, or to sacred writings.

HAGIOGRAPHER Ha`gi*og"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One of the writers of the hagiographa; a writer of lives of the saints. Shipley.

HAGIOGRAPHY Ha`gi*og"ra*phy (, 277), n.

Defn: Same Hagiographa.

HAGIOLATRY Ha`gi*ol"a*try, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The invocation or worship of saints.

HAGIOLOGIST Ha`gi*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who treats of the sacred writings; a writer of the lives of the saints; a hagiographer. Tylor. Hagiologists have related it without scruple. Southey.

HAGIOLOGY Ha`gi*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The history or description of the sacred writings or of sacred persons; a narrative of the lives of the saints; a catalogue of saints. J. H. Newman.

HAGIOSCOPE Ha"gi*o*scope`, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

Defn: An opening made in the interior walls of a cruciform church to afford a view of the altar to those in the transepts; -- called, in architecture, a squint. Hook.

HAG-RIDDEN Hag"-rid`den, a.

Defn: Ridden by a hag or witch; hence, afflicted with nightmare. Beattie. Cheyne.

HAGSEED Hag"seed`, n.

Defn: The offspring of a hag. Shak.

HAGSHIP Hag"ship, n.

Defn: The state or title of a hag. Middleton.

HAG-TAPER Hag"-ta`per, n. Etym: [Cf. 1st Hag, and Hig-taper.] (Bot.)

Defn: The great woolly mullein (Verbascum Thapsus).

HAGUEBUT Hague"but, n.

Defn: See Hagbut.

HAGUE TRIBUNAL Hague Tribunal.

Defn: The permanent court of arbitration created by the "International Convention for the Pacific Settle of International Disputes.", adopted by the International Peace Conference of 1899. It is composed of persons of known competency in questions of international law, nominated by the signatory powers. From these persons an arbitration tribunal is chosen by the parties to a difference submitted to the court. On the failure of the parties to agree directly on the arbitrators, each chooses two arbitrators, an umpire is selected by them, by a third power, or by two powers selected by the parties.

HAH Hah, interj.

Defn: Same as Ha.

HA-HA Ha-ha", n. Etym: [See Haw-haw.]

Defn: A sunk fence; a fence, wall, or ditch, not visible till one is close upon it. [Written also haw-haw.]

HAIDINGERITE Hai"ding*er*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral consisting of the arseniate of lime; -- so named in honor of W. Haidinger, of Vienna.

HAIDUCK Hai"duck, n. Etym: [G. haiduck, heiduck, fr. Hung. hajdu.]

Defn: Formerly, a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary, now, a halberdier of a Hungarian noble, or an attendant in German or Hungarian courts. [Written also hayduck, heiduc, heiduck, and heyduk.]

HAIK Haik, n. Etym: [Ar. haik, fr. haka to weave.]

Defn: A large piece of woolen or cotton cloth worn by Arabs as an outer garment. [Written also hyke.] Heyse.

HAIKAL Hai"kal, n.

Defn: The central chapel of the three forming the sanctuary of a Coptic church. It contains the high altar, and is usually closed by an embroidered curtain.

HAIKWAN Hai"kwan", n. [Chin. 'hai-kuan.]

Defn: Chinese maritime customs.

HAIKWAN TAEL Haikwan tael.

Defn: A Chinese weight ( 1/10 catty) equivalent to 1 1/3 oz. or 37.801 g.

HAIL Hail, n. Etym: [OE. hail, ha, AS. hægel; akin to D., G., Dan., & Sw. hagel; Icel. hagl; cf. Gr.

Defn: Small roundish masses of ice precipitated from the clouds, where they are formed by the congelation of vapor. The separate masses or grains are called hailstones. Thunder mixed with hail, Hail mixed with fire, must rend the Egyptian sky. Milton.

HAIL Hail, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Halled; p. pr. & vb. n. Halting.] Etym: [OE. hailen, AS. haqalian.]

Defn: To pour down particles of ice, or frozen vapors.

HAIL Hail, v. t.

Defn: To pour forcibly down, as hail. Shak.

HAIL Hail, a.

Defn: Healthy. See Hale (the preferable spelling).

HAIL Hail, v. t. Etym: [OE. hailen, heilen, Icel. heil hale, sound, used in greeting. See Hale sound.]

1. To call loudly to, or after; to accost; to salute; to address.

2. To name; to designate; to call. And such a son as all men hailed me happy. Milton.

HAIL Hail, v. i.

1. To declare, by hailing, the port from which a vessel sails or where she is registered; hence, to sail; to come; -- used with from; as, the steamer hails from New York.

2. To report as one's home or the place from whence one comes; to come; -- with from. [Colloq.] G. G. Halpine.

HAIL Hail, interj. Etym: [See Hail, v. t.]

Defn: An exclamation of respectful or reverent salutation, or, occasionally, of familiar greeting. "Hail, brave friend." Shak. All hail. See in the Vocabulary. -- Hail Mary, a form of prayer made use of in the Roman Catholic Church in invocation of the Virgin. See Ave Maria.

HAIL Hail, n.

Defn: A wish of health; a salutation; a loud call. "Their puissant hail." M. Arnold. The angel hail bestowed. Milton.

HAIL-FELLOW Hail"-fel`low, n.

Defn: An intimate companion. Hail-fellow well met. Lyly.

HAILSE Hailse, v. t. Etym: [OE. hailsen, Icel. heilsa. Cf. Hall to call to.]

Defn: To greet; to salute. [Obs.] P. Plowman.

HAILSHOT Hail"shot`, n. pl.

Defn: Small shot which scatter like hailstones. [Obs.] Hayward.

HAILSTONE Hail"stone`, n.

Defn: A single particle of ice falling from a cloud; a frozen raindrop; a pellet of hail.

HAILSTORM Hail"storm`, n.

Defn: A storm accompanied with hail; a shower of hail.

HAILY Hai"ly, a.

Defn: Of hail. "Haily showers." Pope.

HAIN Hain, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Sw. hägn hedge, inclosure, Dan. hegn hedge, fence. See Hedge.]

Defn: To inclose for mowing; to set aside for grass. "A ground . . . hained in." Holland.

HAIN Hain (han), v. t. [Cf. Sw. hägn hedge, inclosure, Dan. hegn hedge, fence. See Hedge.]

Defn: To inclose for mowing; to set aside for grass. "A ground . . . hained in." Holland.

HAIN'T Hain't

Defn: . A contraction of have not or has not; as, I hain't, he hain't, we hain't. [Colloq. or illiterate speech.] [Written also han't.]

HAIR Hair, n. Etym: [OE. her, heer, hær, AS. hær; akin to OFries, her, D. & G. haar, OHG. & Icel. har, Dan. haar, Sw. hår; cf. Lith. kasa.]

1. The collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body.

2. One the above-mentioned filaments, consisting, in invertebrate animals, of a long, tubular part which is free and flexible, and a bulbous root imbedded in the skin. Then read he me how Sampson lost his hairs. Chaucer. And draweth new delights with hoary hairs. Spenser.

3. Hair (human or animal) used for various purposes; as, hair for stuffing cushions.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A slender outgrowth from the chitinous cuticle of insects, spiders, crustaceans, and other invertebrates. Such hairs are totally unlike those of vertebrates in structure, composition, and mode of growth.

5. An outgrowth of the epidermis, consisting of one or of several cells, whether pointed, hooked, knobbed, or stellated. Internal hairs occur in the flower stalk of the yellow frog lily (Nuphar).

6. A spring device used in a hair-trigger firearm.

7. A haircloth. [Obc.] Chaucer.

8. Any very small distance, or degree; a hairbreadth.

Note: Hairs is often used adjectively or in combination; as, hairbrush or hair brush, hair dye, hair oil, hairpin, hair powder, a brush, a dye, etc., for the hair. Against the hair, in a rough and disagreeable manner; against the grain. [Obs.] "You go against the hair of your professions." Shak. -- Hair bracket (Ship Carp.), a molding which comes in at the back of, or runs aft from, the figurehead. -- Hair cells (Anat.), cells with hairlike processes in the sensory epithelium of certain parts of the internal ear. -- Hair compass, Hair divider, a compass or divider capable of delicate adjustment by means of a screw. -- Hair glove, a glove of horsehair for rubbing the skin. -- Hair lace, a netted fillet for tying up the hair of the head. Swift. -- Hair line, a line made of hair; a very slender line. -- Hair moth (Zoöl.), any moth which destroys goods made of hair, esp. Tinea biselliella. -- Hair pencil, a brush or fine hair, for painting; -- generally called by the name of the hair used; as, a camel's hair pencil, a sable's hair pencil, etc. -- Hair plate, an iron plate forming the back of the hearth of a bloomery fire. -- Hair powder, a white perfumed powder, as of flour or starch, formerly much used for sprinkling on the hair of the head, or on wigs. -- Hair seal (Zoöl.), any one of several species of eared seals which do not produce fur; a sea lion. -- Hair seating, haircloth for seats of chairs, etc. -- Hair shirt, a shirt, or a band for the loins, made of horsehair, and worn as a penance. -- Hair sieve, a strainer with a haircloth bottom. -- Hair snake. See Gordius. -- Hair space (Printing), the thinnest metal space used in lines of type. -- Hair stroke, a delicate stroke in writing. -- Hair trigger, a trigger so constructed as to discharge a firearm by a very slight pressure, as by the touch of a hair. Farrow. -- Not worth a hair, of no value. -- To a hair, with the nicest distinction. -- To split hairs, to make distinctions of useless nicety.

HAIRBELL Hair"bell`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Harebell.

HAIRBIRD Hair"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chipping sparrow.

HAIRBRAINED Hair"brained`, a.

Defn: See Harebrained.

HAIRBREADTH; HAIR'SBREADTH Hair"breadth`, Hair's"breadth`, a.

Defn: The diameter or breadth of a hair; a very small distance; sometimes, definitely, the forty-eighth part of an inch. Every one could sling stones at an hairbreadth and not miss. Judg. xx. 16

HAIRBREADTH Hair"breadth`, a.

Defn: Having the breadth of a hair; very narrow; as, a hairbreadth escape.

HAIR-BROWN Hair"-brown`, a.

Defn: Of a clear tint of brown, resembling brown human hair. It is composed of equal proportions of red and green.

HAIRBRUSH Hair"brush`, n.

Defn: A brush for cleansing and smoothing the hair.

HAIRCLOTH Hair"cloth`, n.

Defn: Stuff or cloth made wholly or in part of hair.

HAIRDRESSER Hair"dress`er, n.

Defn: One who dresses or cuts hair; a barber.

HAIRED Haired, a.

1. Having hair. "A beast haired like a bear." Purchas.

2. In composition: Having (such) hair; as, red-haired.

HAIREN Hai"ren, a. Etym: [AS. h.]

Defn: Hairy. [Obc.] His hairen shirt and his ascetic diet. J. Taylor.

HAIR GRASS Hair" grass`. (Bot.)

Defn: A grass with very slender leaves or branches; as the Agrostis scabra, and several species of Aira or Deschampsia.

HAIRINESS Hair"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of abounding, or being covered, with hair. Johnson.

HAIRLESS Hair"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of hair. Shak.

HAIRPIN Hair"pin` (, n.

Defn: A pin, usually forked, or of bent wire, for fastening the hair in place, -- used by women.

HAIR-SALT Hair"-salt`, n. Etym: [A translation of G. haarsalz.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of native Epsom salt occurring in silky fibers.

HAIRSPLITTER Hair"split`ter, n.

Defn: One who makes excessively nice or needless distinctions in reasoning; one who quibbles. "The caviling hairsplitter." De Quincey.

HAIRSPLITTING Hair"split`ting, a.

Defn: Making excessively nice or trivial distinctions in reasoning; subtle. -- n.

Defn: The act or practice of making trivial distinctions. The ancient hairsplitting technicalities of special pleading. Charles Sumner.

HAIRSPRING Hair"spring`, n. (Horology)

Defn: The slender recoil spring which regulates the motion of the balance in a timepiece.

HAIRSTREAK Hair"streak`, n.

Defn: A butterfly of the genus Thecla; as, the green hairstreak (T. rubi).

HAIRTAIL Hair"tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of marine fishes of the genus Trichiurus; esp., T. lepterus of Europe and America. They are long and like a band, with a slender, pointed tail. Called also bladefish.

HAIRWORM Hair"worm`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A nematoid worm of the genus Gordius, resembling a hair. See Gordius.

HAIRY Hair"y, a.

Defn: Bearing or covered with hair; made of or resembling hair; rough with hair; rough with hair; rough with hair; hirsute. His mantle hairy, and his bonnet sedge. Milton.

HAITIAN Hai"ti*an, a. & n.

Defn: See Haytian.

HAJE Ha"je, n. Etym: [Ar. hayya snake.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Egyptian asp or cobra (Naja haje.) It is related to the cobra of India, and like the latter has the power of inflating its neck into a hood. Its bite is very venomous. It is supposed to be the snake by means of whose bite Cleopatra committed suicide, and hence is sometimes called Cleopatra's snake or asp. See Asp.

HAKE Hake, n. Etym: [See Hatch a half door.]

Defn: A drying shed, as for unburned tile.

HAKE Hake, n. [Also haak.] Etym: [Akin to Norweg. hakefisk, lit., hook fish, Prov. E. hake hook, G. hecht pike. See Hook.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of marine gadoid fishes, of the genera Phycis, Merlucius, and allies. The common European hake is M. vulgaris; the American silver hake or whiting is M. bilinearis. Two American species (Phycis chuss and P. tenius) are important food fishes, and are also valued for their oil and sounds. Called also squirrel hake, and codling.

HAKE Hake, v. t.

Defn: To loiter; to sneak. [Prov. Eng.]

HAKE'S-DAME Hake's"-dame`, n.

Defn: See Forkbeard.

HAKETON Hak"e*ton, n.

Defn: Same as Acton. [Obs.]

HAKIM Ha*kim", n. Etym: [Ar. hakim.]

Defn: A wise man; a physician, esp. a Mohammedan. [India]

HAKIM Ha"kim, n. Etym: [Ar. hakim.]

Defn: A Mohammedan title for a ruler; a judge. [India]

HALACHA Ha*la"cha, n.; pl. Halachoth(Etym: [Heb. halachah.]

Defn: The general term for the Hebrew oral or traditional law; one of two branches of exposition in the Midrash. See Midrash.

HALATION Ha*la"tion, n. (Photog.)

Defn: An appearance as of a halo of light, surround the edges of dark object

HALBERD Hal"berd, n. Etym: [F. hallebarde; of German origin; cf. MHG. helmbarte, G. hellebarte; prob. orig., an ax to split a helmet, fr. G. barte a broad ax (orig. from the same source as E. beard; cf. Icel. bar, a kind of ax, skegg beard, skeggia a kind of halberd) + helm helmet; but cf. also MNG. helm, halm, handle, and E. helve. See Beard, Helmet.] (Mil.)

Defn: An ancient long-handled weapon, of which the head had a point and several long, sharp edges, curved or straight, and sometimes additional points. The heads were sometimes of very elaborate form. [Written also halbert.]

HALBERDIER Hal`berd*ier", n. Etym: [F. hallebardier.]

Defn: One who is armed with a halberd. Strype.

HALBERD-SHAPED Hal"berd-shaped`, a.

Defn: Hastate.

HALCYON Hal"cy*on, n. Etym: [L. halcyon, alcyon, Gr.halcyon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kingfisher. By modern ornithologists restricted to a genus including a limited number of species having omnivorous habits, as the sacred kingfisher (Halcyon sancta) of Australia. Amidst our arms as quiet you shall be As halcyons brooding on a winter sea. Dryden.

HALCYON Hal"cy*on, a.

1. Pertaining to, or resembling, the halcyon, which was anciently said to lay her eggs in nests on or near the sea during the calm weather about the winter solstice.

2. Hence: Calm; quiet; peaceful; undisturbed; happy. "Deep, halcyon repose." De Quincy.

HALCYONIAN Hal`cy*o"ni*an, a.

Defn: Halcyon; calm.

HALCYONOID Hal"cy*o*noid, a. & n. Etym: [Halcyon + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Alcyonoid.

HALE Hale, a. Etym: [Written also heil, Icel. heill; akin to E. whole. See Whole.]

Defn: Sound; entire; healthy; robust; not impaired; as, a hale body. Last year we thought him strong and hale. Swift.

HALE Hale, n.

Defn: Welfare. [Obs.] All heedless of his dearest hale. Spenser.

HALE Hale (hal or hall; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Haled (hald or halld); p. pr. & vb. n. Haling.]

Defn: Etym: [OE. halen, halien; cf. AS. holian, to acquire, get. See Haul.]

Defn: To pull; to drag; to haul. See Haul. Chaucer. Easier both to freight, and to hale ashore. Milton. As some dark priest hales the reluctant victim. Shelley.

HALESIA Ha*le"si*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of American shrubs containing several species, called snowdrop trees, or silver-bell trees. They have showy, white flowers, drooping on slender pedicels.

HALF Half, a. Etym: [AS. healf, half, half; as a noun, half, side, part; akin to OS., OFries., & D. half, G. halb, Sw. half, Dan. halv, Icel. halfr, Goth. halbs. Cf. Halve, Behalf.]

1. Consisting of a moiety, or half; as, a half bushel; a half hour; a half dollar; a half view.

Note: The adjective and noun are often united to form a compound.

2. Consisting of some indefinite portion resembling a half; approximately a half, whether more or less; partial; imperfect; as, a half dream; half knowledge. Assumed from thence a half consent. Tennyson. Half ape (Zoöl.), a lemur. -- Half back. (Football) See under 2d Back. -- Half bent, the first notch, for the sear point to enter, in the tumbler of a gunlock; the halfcock notch. -- Half binding, a style of bookbinding in which only the back and corners are in leather. -- Half boarder, one who boards in part; specifically, a scholar at a boarding school who takes dinner only. -- Half-breadth plan (Shipbuilding), a horizontal plan of the half a vessel, divided lengthwise, showing the lines. -- Half cadence (Mus.), a cadence on the dominant. -- Half cap, a slight salute with the cap. [Obs.] Shak. -- A half cock, the position of the cock of a gun when retained by the first notch. -- Half hitch, a sailor's knot in a rope; half of a clove hitch. -- Half hose, short stockings; socks. -- Half measure, an imperfect or weak line of action. -- Half note (Mus.), a minim, one half of a semibreve. -- Half pay, half of the wages or salary; reduced pay; as, an officer on half pay. -- Half price, half the ordinary price; or a price much reduced. -- Half round. (a) (Arch.) A molding of semicircular section. (b) (Mech.) Having one side flat and the other rounded; -- said of a file. -- Half shift (Mus.), a position of the hand, between the open position and the first shift, in playing on the violin and kindred instruments. See Shift. -- Half step (Mus.), a semitone; the smallest difference of pitch or interval, used in music. -- Half tide, the time or state of the tide equally distant from ebb and flood. -- Half time, half the ordinary time for work or attendance; as, the half-time system. -- Half tint (Fine Arts), a middle or intermediate tint, as in drawing or painting. See Demitint. -- Half truth, a statement only partially true, or which gives only a part of the truth. Mrs. Browning. -- Half year, the space of six moths; one term of a school when there are two terms in a year.

HALF Half, adv.

Defn: In an equal part or degree; in some paas, half-colored, half done, half-hearted, half persuaded, half conscious. "Half loth and half consenting." Dryden. Their children spoke halfin the speech of Ashdod. Neh. xiii. 24

HALF Half, n.; pl. Halves. Etym: [AS. healf. See Half, a.]

1. Part; side; behalf. [Obs.] Wyclif. The four halves of the house. Chaucer.

2. One of two equal parts into which anything may be divided, or considered as divided; -- sometimes followed by of; as, a half of an apple. Not half his riches known, and yet despised. Milton. A friendship so complete Portioned in halves between us. Tennyson. Better half. See under Better. -- In half, in two; an expression sometimes used improperly instead of in or into halves; as, to cut in half. [Colloq.] Dickens. -- In, or On, one's half, in one's behalf; on one's part. [Obs.] -- To cry halves, to claim an equal share with another. -- To go halves, to share equally between two.

HALF Half, v. t.

Defn: To halve. [Obs.] See Halve. Sir H. Wotton.

HALF-AND-HALF Half`-and-half", n.

Defn: A mixture of two malt liquors, esp. porter and ale, in about equal parts. Dickens.

HALFBEAK Half"beak`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any slender, marine fish of the genus Hemirhamphus, having the upper jaw much shorter than the lower; -- called also balahoo.

HALF BLOOD Half" blood`.

1. The relation between persons born of the same father or of the same mother, but not of both; as, a brother or sister of the half blood. See Blood, n., 2 and 4.

2. A person so related to another.

3. A person whose father and mother are of different races; a half- breed.

Note: In the 2d and 3d senses usually with a hyphen.

HALF-BLOODED Half"-blood`ed, a.

1. Proceeding from a male and female of different breeds or races; having only one parent of good stock; as, a half-blooded sheep.

2. Degenerate; mean.

HALF-BOOT Half"-boot`, n.

Defn: A boot with a short top covering only the ankle. See Cocker, and Congress boot, under Congress.

HALF-BOUND Half"-bound`, n.

Defn: Having only the back and corners in leather, as a book.

HALF-BRED Half"-bred`, a.

1. Half-blooded. [Obs.]

2. Imperfectly acquainted with the rules of good-breeding; not well trained. Atterbury.

HALF-BREED Half"-breed`, a.

Defn: Half-blooded.

HALF-BREED Half"-breed`, n.

Defn: A person who is blooded; the offspring of parents of different races, especially of the American Indian and the white race.

HALF-BROTHER Half"-broth`er, n.

Defn: A brother by one parent, but not by both.

HALF-CASTE Half"-caste`, n.

Defn: One born of a European parent on the one side, and of a Hindoo or Mohammedan on the other. Also adjective; as, half-caste parents.

HALF-CLAMMED Half"-clammed`, a.

Defn: Half-filled. [Obs.] Lions' half-clammed entrails roar food. Marston.

HALFCOCK Half"cock`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Halfcocked(); p. pr. & vb. n. Halfcocking.]

Defn: To set the cock of (a firearm) at the first notch. To go off halfcocked. (a) To be discharged prematurely, or with the trigger at half cock; -- said of a firearm. (b) To do or say something without due thought or care. [Colloq. or Low]

HALF-CRACKED Half"-cracked`, a.

Defn: Half-demented; half-witted. [Colloq.]

HALF-DECK Half"-deck`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A shell of the genus Crepidula; a boat shell. See Boat shell.

2. See Half deck, under Deck.

HALF-DECKED Half"-decked`, a.

Defn: Partially decked. The half-decked craft . . . used by the latter Vikings. Elton.

HALFEN Half"en, a. Etym: [From Half.]

Defn: Wanting half its due qualities. [Obs.] Spencer.

HALFENDEAL Half"en*deal`, adv. Etym: [OE. halfendele. See Half, and Deal.]

Defn: Half; by the part. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- n.

Defn: A half part. [Obs.] R. of Brunne.

HALFER Half"er, n.

1. One who possesses or gives half only; one who shares. [Obs.] Bp. Montagu.

2. A male fallow deer gelded. Pegge (1814).

HALF-FACED Half"-faced`, a.

Defn: Showing only part of the face; wretched looking; meager. Shak.

HALF-FISH Half"-fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A salmon in its fifth year of growth. [Prov. Eng.]

HALF-HATCHED Half"-hatched`, a.

Defn: Imperfectly hatched; as, half-hatched eggs. Gay.

HALF-HEARD Half"-heard`, a.

Defn: Imperfectly or partly heard to the end. And leave half-heard the melancholy tale. Pope.

HALF-HEARTED Half"-heart`ed, a.

1. Wanting in heart or spirit; ungenerous; unkind. B. Jonson.

2. Lacking zeal or courage; lukewarm. H. James.

HALF-HOURLY Half"-hour`ly, a.

Defn: Done or happening at intervals of half an hour.

HALF-LEARNED Half"-learned`, a.

Defn: Imperfectly learned.

HALF-LENGTH Half"-length`, a.

Defn: Of half the whole or ordinary length, as a picture.

HALF-MAST Half"-mast`, n.

Defn: A point some distance below the top of a mast or staff; as, a flag a half-mast (a token of mourning, etc.).

HALF-MOON Half"-moon`, n.

1. The moon at the quarters, when half its disk appears illuminated.

2. The shape of a half-moon; a crescent. See how in warlike muster they appear, In rhombs, and wedges, and half-moons, and wings. Milton.

3. (Fort.)

Defn: An outwork composed of two faces, forming a salient angle whose gorge resembles a half-moon; -- now called a ravelin.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine, sparoid, food fish of California (Cæsiosoma Californiense). The body is ovate, blackish above, blue or gray below. Called also medialuna.

HALF NELSON Half nelson. (Wrestling)

Defn: A hold in which one arm is thrust under the corresponding arm of the opponent, generally behind, and the hand placed upon the back of his neck. In the full nelson both hands are so placed.

HALFNESS Half"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being half; incompleteness. [R.] As soon as there is any departure from simplicity, and attempt at halfness, or good for me that is not good for him, my neighbor feels the wrong. Emerson.

HALFPACE Half"pace`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A platform of a staircase where the stair turns back in exactly the reverse direction of the lower flight. See Quarterpace.

Note: This term and quartepace are rare or unknown in the United States, platform or landing being used instead.

HALF-PENNY Half"-pen*ny(ha"pen*ny or häf"-; 277),n.;pl. Half-pence (-pens) or Half-pennies(-pen*niz).

Defn: An English coin of the value of half a penny; also, the value of half a penny.

HALF-PIKE Half"-pike`, n. (Mil.)

Defn: A short pike, sometimes carried by officers of infantry, sometimes used in boarding ships; a spontoon. Tatler.

HALF-PORT Half"-port`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: One half of a shutter made in two parts for closing a porthole.

HALF-RAY Half"-ray`, n. (Geom.)

Defn: A straight line considered as drawn from a center to an indefinite distance in one direction, the complete ray being the whole line drawn to an indefinite distance in both directions.

HALF-READ Half"-read`, a.

Defn: Informed by insufficient reading; superficial; shallow. Dryden.

HALF SEAS OVER Half" seas` o`ver.

Defn: Half drunk. [Slang: used only predicatively.] Spectator.

HALF-SIGHTED Half"-sight`ed, a.

Defn: Seeing imperfectly; having weak discernment. Bacon.

HALF-SISTER Half"-sis`ter, n.

Defn: A sister by one parent only.

HALF-STRAINED Half"-strained`, a.

Defn: Half-bred; imperfect. [R.] "A half-strained villain." Dryden.

HALF-SWORD Half"-sword`, n.

Defn: Half the length of a sword; close fight. "At half-sword." Shak.

HALF-TIMBERED Half"-tim`bered, a. (Arch.)

Defn: Constructed of a timber frame, having the spaces filled in with masonry; -- said of buildings.

HALF TONE; HALF-TONE Half tone, or Half"-tone`, n.

1. (Fine Arts) (a) An intermediate or middle tone in a painting, engraving, photograph, etc.; a middle tint, neither very dark nor very light. (b) A half-tone photo-engraving.

2. (Music) A half step.

HALF-TONE Half"-tone`, a.

Defn: Having, consisting of, or pertaining to, half tones; specif. (Photo-engraving),

Defn: pertaining to or designating plates, processes, or the pictures made by them, in which gradation of tone in the photograph is reproduced by a graduated system of dotted and checkered spots, usually nearly invisible to the unaided eye, produced by the interposition between the camera and the object of a screen. The name alludes to the fact that this process was the first that was practically successful in reproducing the half tones of the photograph.

HALF-TONGUE Half"-tongue`, n. (O. Law)

Defn: A jury, for the trial of a fore foreigner, composed equally of citizens and aliens.

HALFWAY Half"way`, adv.

Defn: In the middle; at half the distance; imperfectly; partially; as, he halfway yielded. Temples proud to meet their gods halfway. Young.

HALFWAY Half"way`, a.

Defn: Equally distant from the extremes; situated at an intermediate point; midway. Halfway covenant, a practice among the Congregational churches of New England, between 1657 and 1662, of permitting baptized persons of moral life and orthodox faith to enjoy all the privileges of church membership, save the partaking of the Lord's Supper. They were also allowed to present their children for baptism. -- Halfway house, an inn or place of call midway on a journey.

HALF-WIT Half"-wit`, n.

Defn: A foolish; a dolt; a blockhead; a dunce. Dryden.

HALF-WITTED Half"-wit`ted, a.

Defn: Weak in intellect; silly.

HALF-YEARLY Half"-year`ly, a.

Defn: Two in a year; semiannual. -- adv. Twice in a year; semiannually.

HALIBUT Hal"i*but (;277), n. Etym: [OE. hali holy + but, butte, flounder; akin to D. bot, G. butte; cf. D. heilbot, G. heilbutt. So named as being eaten on holidays. See Holy, Holiday.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, northern, marine flatfish (Hippoglossus vulgaris), of the family Pleuronectidæ. It often grows very large, weighing more than three hundred pounds. It is an important food fish. [Written also holibut.]

HALICHONDRIAE Hal`i*chon"dri*æ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of sponges, having simple siliceous spicules and keratose fibers; -- called also Keratosilicoidea.

HALICORE Hal"i*core (; L.), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: Same as Dugong.

HALIDOM Hal"i*dom, n. Etym: [AS. haligd holiness, sacrament, sanctuary, relics; halig holy + -d, E. -dom. See Holy.]

1. Holiness; sanctity; sacred oath; sacred things; sanctuary; -- used chiefly in oaths. [Archaic] So God me help and halidom. Piers Plowman. By my halidom, I was fast asleep. Shak.

2. Holy doom; the Last Day. [R.] Shipley.

HALIEUTICS Hal`i*eu"tics, n. Etym: [L. halieuticus pertaining to fishing, Gr.

Defn: A treatise upon fish or the art of fishing; ichthyology.

HALIMAS; HALMAS Ha`li"mas, Hal"mas, a. Etym: [See Hallowmas.]

Defn: The feast of All Saints; Hallowmas. [Obs.]

HALIOGRAPHER Ha`li*og"ra*pher ( or ), n.

Defn: One who writes about or describes the sea.

HALIOGRAPHY Ha`li*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: Description of the sea; the science that treats of the sea.

HALIOTIS Ha`li*o"tis ( or ), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine shells; the ear-shells. See Abalone.

HALIOTOID Ha"li*o*toid` ( or ), a. Etym: [Haliots + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the genus Haliotis; ear-shaped.

HALISAURIA Hal`i*sau"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: The Enaliosauria.

HALITE Ha"lite ( or ), n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Native salt; sodium chloride.

HALITUOUS Ha*lit"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. halitus breath, vapor, fr. halare to breathe: cf. F. halitueux.]

Defn: Produced by, or like, breath; vaporous. Boyle.

HALK Halk, n.

Defn: A nook; a corner. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HALL Hall, n. Etym: [OE. halle, hal, AS. heal, heall; akin to D. hal, OS. & OHG. halla, G. halle, Icel. hölt, and prob. from a root meaning, to hide, conceal, cover. See Hell, Helmet.]

1. A building or room of considerable size and stateliness, used for public purposes; as, Westminster Hall, in London.

2. (a) The chief room in a castle or manor house, and in early times the only public room, serving as the place of gathering for the lord's family with the retainers and servants, also for cooking and eating. It was often contrasted with the bower, which was the private or sleeping apartment. Full sooty was her bower and eke her hall. Chaucer. Hence, as the entrance from outside was directly into the hall: (b) A vestibule, entrance room, etc., in the more elaborated buildings of later times. Hence: (c) Any corridor or passage in a building.

3. A name given to many manor houses because the magistrate's court was held in the hall of his mansion; a chief mansion house. Cowell.

4. A college in an English university (at Oxford, an unendowed college).

5. The apartment in which English university students dine in common; hence, the dinner itself; as, hall is at six o'clock.

6. Cleared passageway in a crowd; -- formerly an exclamation. [Obs.] "A hall! a hall!" B. Jonson.

Syn. -- Entry; court; passage. See Vestibule.

HALLAGE Hall"age (; 48), n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A fee or toll paid for goods sold in a hall.

HALLELUIAH; HALLELUJAH Hal`le*lu"iah, Hal`le*lu"jah, n. & interj. Etym: [Heb. See Alleluia.]

Defn: Praise ye Jehovah; praise ye the Lord; -- an exclamation used chiefly in songs of praise or thanksgiving to God, and as an expression of gratitude or adoration. Rev. xix. 1 (Rev. Ver. ) So sung they, and the empyrean rung With Hallelujahs. Milton. In those days, as St. Jerome tells us,"any one as he walked in the fields, might hear the plowman at his hallelujahs." Sharp.

HALLELUJATIC Hal`le*lu*jat"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, hallelujahs. [R.]

HALLIARD Hal"liard, n.

Defn: See Halyard.

HALLIDOME Hal"li*dome, n.

Defn: Same as Halidom.

HALLIER Hal"li*er ( or ), n. Etym: [From Hale to pull.]

Defn: A kind of net for catching birds.

HALL-MARK Hall"-mark`, n.

Defn: The official stamp of the Goldsmiths' Company and other assay offices, in the United Kingdom, on gold and silver articles, attesting their purity. Also used figuratively; -- as, a word or phrase lacks the hall-mark of the best writers.

HALLOA Hal*loa".

Defn: See Halloo.

HALLOO Hal*loo", n. Etym: [Perh. fr. ah + lo; cf. AS. eala, G. halloh, F. haler to set (a dog) on. Cf. Hollo, interj.]

Defn: A loud exclamation; a call to invite attention or to incite a person or an animal; a shout. List! List! I hear Some far off halloo break the silent air. Milton.

HALLOO Hal*loo", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hallooed; p. pr. & vb. n. Halloing.]

Defn: To cry out; to exclaim with a loud voice; to call to a person, as by the word halloo. Country folks hallooed and hooted after me. Sir P. Sidney.

HALLOO Hal*loo", v. t.

1. To encourage with shouts. Old John hallooes his hounds again. Prior.

2. To chase with shouts or outcries. If I fly . . . Halloo me like a hare. Shak.

3. To call or shout to; to hail. Shak.

HALLOO Hal*loo", interj. Etym: [OE. halow. See Halloo, n.]

Defn: An exclamation to call attention or to encourage one.

HALLOW Hal"low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hallowed(); p. pr. & vb. n. Hallowing.] Etym: [OE. halowen, halwien, halgien, AS. halgian, fr. halig holy. See Holy.]

Defn: To make holy; to set apart for holy or religious use; to consecrate; to treat or keep as sacred; to reverence. "Hallowed be thy name." Matt. vi. 9. Hallow the Sabbath day, to do no work therein. Jer. xvii. 24. His secret altar touched with hallowed fire. Milton. In a larger sense . . . we can not hallow this ground [Gettysburg]. A. Lincoln.

HALLOWEEN Hal`low*een", n.

Defn: The evening preceding Allhallows or All Saints' Day. [Scot.] Burns.

HALLOWMAS Hal"low*mas, n. Etym: [See Mass the eucharist.]

Defn: The feast of All Saints, or Allhallows. To speak puling, like a beggar at Hallowmas. Shak.

HALLOYSITE Hal*loy"site, n. Etym: [Named after Omalius d'Halloy.] (Min.)

Defn: A claylike mineral, occurring in soft, smooth, amorphous masses, of a whitish color.

HALLSTATT; HALLSTATTIAN Hall"statt, Hall*stat"ti*an, a.

Defn: Of or pert. to Hallstatt, Austria, or the Hallstatt civilization. -- Hallstatt, or Hallstattian, civilization, a prehistoric civilization of central Europe, variously dated at from 1000 to 1500 b. c. and usually associated with the Celtic or Alpine race. It was characterized by expert use of bronze, a knowledge of iron, possession of domestic animals, agriculture, and artistic skill and sentiment in manufacturing pottery, ornaments, etc.

The Hallstattian civilization flourished chiefly in Carinthia, southern Germany, Switzerland, Bohemia, Silesia, Bosnia, the southeast of France, and southern Italy. J. Deniker.

-- H. epoch, the first iron age, represented by the Hallstatt civilization.

HALLUCAL Hal"lu*cal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the hallux.

HALLUCINATE Hal*lu"ci*nate, v. i. Etym: [L. hallucinatus, alucinatus, p. p. of hallucinari, alucinari, to wander in mind, talk idly, dream.]

Defn: To wander; to go astray; to err; to blunder; -- used of mental processes. [R.] Byron.

HALLUCINATION Hal*lu`ci*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. hallucinatio cf. F. hallucination.]

1. The act of hallucinating; a wandering of the mind; error; mistake; a blunder. This must have been the hallucination of the transcriber. Addison.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The perception of objects which have no reality, or of sensations which have no corresponding external cause, arising from disorder or the nervous system, as in delirium tremens; delusion. Hallucinations are always evidence of cerebral derangement and are common phenomena of insanity. W. A. Hammond.

HALLUCINATOR Hal*lu"ci*na`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One whose judgment and acts are affected by hallucinations; one who errs on account of his hallucinations. N. Brit. Rev.

HALLUCINATORY Hal*lu"ci*na*to*ry, a.

Defn: Partaking of, or tending to produce, hallucination.

HALLUX Hal"lux, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. hallex, allex.] (Anat.)

Defn: The first, or preaxial, digit of the hind limb, corresponding to the pollux in the fore limb; the great toe; the hind toe of birds.

HALM Halm, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Haulm.

HALMA Hal"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Greek Antiq.)

Defn: The long jump, with weights in the hands, -- the most important of the exercises of the Pentathlon.

HALO Ha"lo, n.; pl. Halos(. Etym: [L. halos, acc. halo, Gr. volvere, and E. voluble.]

1. A luminous circle, usually prismatically colored, round the sun or moon, and supposed to be caused by the refraction of light through crystals of ice in the atmosphere. Connected with halos there are often white bands, crosses, or arches, resulting from the same atmospheric conditions.

2. A circle of light; especially, the bright ring represented in painting as surrounding the heads of saints and other holy persons; a glory; a nimbus.

3. An ideal glory investing, or affecting one's perception of, an object.

4. A colored circle around a nipple; an areola.

HALO Ha"lo, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Haloed; p. pr. & vb. n. Haloing.]

Defn: To form, or surround with, a halo; to encircle with, or as with, a halo. The fire That haloed round his saintly brow. Sothey.

HALOED Ha"loed, a.

Defn: Surrounded with a halo; invested with an ideal glory; glorified. Some haloed face bending over me. C. Bronté.

HALOGEN Hal"o*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + -gen: cf. F. halogène.] (Chem.)

Defn: An electro-negative element or radical, which, by combination with a metal, forms a haloid salt; especially, chlorine, bromine, and iodine; sometimes, also, fluorine and cyanogen. See Chlorine family, under Chlorine.

HALOGENOUS Ha*log"e*nous, a.

Defn: Of the nature of a halogen.

HALOID Ha"loid ( or ), a. Etym: [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s salt + -oid: cf. F. cal.] (Chem.)

Defn: Resembling salt; -- said of certain binary compounds consisting of a metal united to a negative element or radical, and now chiefly applied to the chlorides, bromides, iodides, and sometimes also to the fluorides and cyanides. -- n.

Defn: A haloid substance.

HALOMANCY Hal"o*man`cy, n.

Defn: See Alomancy.

HALOMETER Ha*lom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the forms and angles of salts and crystals; a goniometer.

HALONES Ha*lo"nes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Alternating transparent and opaque white rings which are seen outside the blastoderm, on the surface of the developing egg of the hen and other birds.

HALOPHYTE Hal"o*phyte, n. Etym: [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + (Bot.)

Defn: A plant found growing in salt marshes, or in the sea.

HALOSCOPE Ha"lo*scope, n. Etym: [Halo + -scope.]

Defn: An instrument for exhibition or illustration of the phenomena of halos, parhelia, and the like.

HALOTRICHITE Hal*o*tri"chite, n. Etym: [Gr. "a`ls sea + fri`x, tricho`s, hair.] (Min.)

Defn: An iron alum occurring in silky fibrous aggregates of a yellowish white color.

HALOXYLINE Ha*lox"y*line, n. Etym: [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + xy`lon wood.]

Defn: An explosive mixture, consisting of sawdust, charcoal, niter, and ferrocyanide of potassium, used as a substitute for gunpowder.

HALP Halp, imp. of Help.

Defn: Helped. [Obs.]

HALPACE Hal"pace, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Haut pas.

HALS Hals, n. Etym: [AS. heals; akin to D., G., & Goth. hals. See Collar.]

Defn: The neck or throat. [Obs.] Do me hangen by the hals. Chaucer.

HALSE Halse, v. t. Etym: [AS. healsian.]

1. To embrace about the neck; to salute; to greet. [Obs.] Each other kissed glad And lovely halst. Spenser.

2. To adjure; to beseech; to entreat. [Obs.] O dere child, I halse thee, In virtue of the Holy Trinity. Chaucer.

HALSE Halse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Halsed (hlst); p. pr. & vb. n. Halsing.] Etym: [Cf. Hawser.]

Defn: To haul; to hoist. [Obs.]

HALSENING Hal"sen*ing, a.

Defn: Sounding harshly in the throat; inharmonious; rough. [Obs.] Carew.

HALSER Hals"er, n.

Defn: See Hawser. Pope.

HALT Halt,

Defn: 3d pers. sing. pres. of Hold, contraction for holdeth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HALT Halt, n. Etym: [Formerly alt, It. alto, G. halt, fr. halten to hold. See Hold.]

Defn: A stop in marching or walking, or in any action; arrest of progress. Without any halt they marched. Clarendon. [Lovers] soon in passion's war contest, Yet in their march soon make a halt. Davenant.

HALT Halt, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Halted; p. pr. & vb. n. Halting.]

1. To hold one's self from proceeding; to hold up; to cease progress; to stop for a longer or shorter period; to come to a stop; to stand still.

2. To stand in doubt whether to proceed, or what to do; to h How long halt ye between two opinions 1 Kings xviii. 21

HALT Halt, v. t. (Mil.)

Defn: To cause to cease marching; to stop; as, the general halted his troops for refreshment.

HALT Halt, a. Etym: [AS. healt; akin to OS., Dan., & Sw. halt, Icel. haltr, halltr, Goth. halts, OHG. halz.]

Defn: Halting or stopping in walking; lame. Bring in hither the poor, and the maimed, and the halt, and the blind. Luke xiv. 21.

HALT Halt, n.

Defn: The act of limping; lameness.

HALT Halt, v. i. Etym: [OE. halten, AS. healtian. See Halt, a.]

1. To walk lamely; to limp.

2. To have an irregular rhythm; to be defective. The blank verse shall halt for it. Shak.

HALTER Halt"er, n.

Defn: One who halts or limps

HALTER Hal"ter, n. Etym: [OE. halter, helter, helfter, AS. hælftre; akin to G. halfter, D. halfter, halster, and also to E. helve. See Helve.]

Defn: A strong strap or cord. Especially: (a) A rope or strap, with or without a headstall, for leading or tying a horse. (b) A rope for hanging malefactors; a noose. Shak. No man e'er felt the halter draw With good opinion of the law. Trumbull.

HALTER Hal"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Haltered; p. pr. & vb. n. Haltering.]

Defn: To tie by the neck with a rope, strap, or halter; to put a halter on; to subject to a hangman's halter. "A haltered neck." Shak.

HALTERES Hal*te"res, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Balancers; the rudimentary hind wings of Diptera.

HALTER-SACK Hal"ter-sack`, n.

Defn: A term of reproach, implying that one is fit to be hanged. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

HALTINGLY Halt"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a halting or limping manner.

HALVANS Hal"vans, n. pl. (Mining)

Defn: Impure ore; dirty ore.

HALVE Hal"ve, n.

Defn: A half. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HALVE Halve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Halved; p. pr. & vb. n. Halving.] Etym: [From Half.]

1. To divide into two equal parts; as, to halve an apple; to be or form half of. So far apart their lives are thrown From the twin soul that halves their own. M. Arnold.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: To join, as two pieces of timber, by cutting away each for half its thickness at the joining place, and fitting together.

HALVED Halved, a.

Defn: Appearing as if one side, or one half, were cut away; dimidiate.

HALVES Halves, n.,

Defn: pl. of Half. By halves, by one half at once; halfway; fragmentarily; partially; incompletely. I can not believe by halves; either I have faith, or I have it not. J. H. Newman. To go halves. See under Go.

HALWE Hal"we, n. Etym: [OE., fr. AS. halga. See Holy.]

Defn: A saint. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HAL'YARD; HALYARD Hal'yard, n. Etym: [Hale, v. t. + yard.] (Naut.)

Defn: A rope or tackle for hoisting or lowering yards, sails, flags, etc. [Written also halliard, haulyard.]

HALYSITES Hal`y*si"tes, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of Silurian fossil corals; the chain corals. See Chain coral, under Chain.

HAM Ham, n.

Defn: Home. [North of Eng.] Chaucer.

HAM Ham, n. Etym: [AS. ham; akin to D. ham, dial. G. hamme, OHG. hamma. Perh. named from the bend at the ham, and akin to E. chamber. Cf. Gammon ham.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The region back of the knee joint; the popliteal space; the hock.

2. The thigh of any animal; especially, the thigh of a hog cured by salting and smoking. A plentiful lack of wit, together with most weak ham. Shak.

HAMADRYAD Ham"a*dry`ad, n.; pl. E. Hamadryads, L. Hamadryades. Etym: [L. Hamadryas, -adis, Gr. hamadryade. See Same, and Tree.]

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A tree nymph whose life ended with that of the particular tree, usually an oak, which had been her abode.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large venomous East Indian snake (Orhiophagus bungarus), allied to the cobras.

HAMADRYAS Ha*ma"dry*as, n. Etym: [L., a hamadryad. See Hamadryad.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sacred baboon of Egypt (Cynocephalus Hamadryas).

HAMAL Ha*mal", n. [Written also hammal, hummaul, hamaul, khamal, etc.] [Turk. & Ar. hammal, fr. Ar. hamala to carry.]

Defn: In Turkey and other Oriental countries, a porter or burden bearer; specif., in Western India, a palanquin bearer.

HAMAMELIS Ham`a*me"lis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants which includes the witch-hazel (Hamamelis Virginica), a preparation of which is used medicinally.

HAMATE Ha"mate, a. Etym: [L. hamatus, fr. hamus hook.]

Defn: Hooked; bent at the end into a hook; hamous.

HAMATED Ha"ma*ted, a.

Defn: Hooked, or set with hooks; hamate. Swift.

HAMATUM Ha*ma"tum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. hamatus hooked.] (Anat.)

Defn: See Unciform.

HAMBLE Ham"ble, v. t. Etym: [OE. hamelen to mutilate, AS. hamelian; akin to OHG. hamal to mutilate, hamal mutilated, ham mutilated, Icel. hamla to mutilate. Cf.Ham to fetter.]

Defn: To hamstring. [Obs.]

HAMBURG Ham"burg, n.

Defn: A commercial city of Germany, near the mouth of the Elbe. Black Hamburg grape. See under Black. -- Hamburg , a kind of embroidered work done by machinery on cambric or muslin; -- used for trimming. -- Hamburg lake, a purplish crimson pigment resembling cochineal.

HAME Hame, n.

Defn: Home. [Scot. & O. Eng.]

HAME Hame, n. Etym: [Scot. haims, hammys, hems, OE. ham; cf. D. haam.]

Defn: One of the two curved pieces of wood or metal, in the harness of a draught horse, to which the traces are fastened. They are fitted upon the collar, or have pads fitting the horse's neck attached to them.

HAMEL Ham"el, v. t. [Obs.]

Defn: Same as Hamele.

HAMESECKEN; HAMESUCKEN Hame"seck`en, Hame"suck`en, n. Etym: [AS. hams. See Home, and Seek.] (Scots Law)

Defn: The felonious seeking and invasion of a person in his dwelling house. Bouvier.

HAMFATTER Ham"fat`ter, n. [From a negro minstrel song called "The ham-fat man."]

Defn: A low-grade actor or performer. [Theatrical Slang]

HAMIFORM Ha"mi*form, n. Etym: [L. hamus hook + -form.]

Defn: Hook-shaped.

HAMILTON PERIOD Ham"il*ton pe"ri*od. (Geol.)

Defn: A subdivision of the Devonian system of America; -- so named from Hamilton, Madison Co., New York. It includes the Marcellus, Hamilton, and Genesee epochs or groups. See the Chart of Geology.

HAMINURA Ham`i*nu"ra, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large edible river fish (Erythrinus macrodon) of Guiana.

HAMITE Ha"mite, n.Etym: [L. hamus hook.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil cephalopod of the genus Hamites, related to the ammonites, but having the last whorl bent into a hooklike form.

HAMITE Ham"ite, n.

Defn: A descendant of Ham, Noah's second son. See Gen. x. 6-20.

HAMITIC Ham*it"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Ham or his descendants. Hamitic languages, the group of languages spoken mainly in the Sahara, Egypt, Galla, and Somâli Land, and supposed to be allied to the Semitic. Keith Johnson.

HAMLET Ham"let, n. Etym: [OWE. hamelet, OF. hamelet, dim. of hamel, F. hameau, LL. hamellum, a dim. of German origin; cf. G. heim home. sq. root220. See Home.]

Defn: A small village; a little cluster of houses in the country. The country wasted, and the hamlets burned. Dryden.

Syn. -- Village; neighborhood. See Village.

HAMLETED Ham"let*ed, p. a.

Defn: Confined to a hamlet. Feltham.

HAMMER Ham"mer, n. Etym: [OE. hamer, AS. hamer, hamor; akin to D. hamer, G. & Dan. hammer, Sw. hammare, Icel. hamarr, hammer, crag, and perh. to Gr. a stone.]

1. An instrument for driving nails, beating metals, and the like, consisting of a head, usually of steel or iron, fixed crosswise to a handle. With busy hammers closing rivets up. Shak.

2. Something which in firm or action resembles the common hammer; as: (a) That part of a clock which strikes upon the bell to indicate the hour. (b) The padded mallet of a piano, which strikes the wires, to produce the tones. (c) (Anat.) The malleus. See under Ear. (Gun.)

Defn: That part of a gunlock which strikes the percussion cap, or firing pin; the cock; formerly, however, a piece of steel covering the pan of a flintlock musket and struck by the flint of the cock to ignite the priming. (e) Also, a person of thing that smites or shatters; as, St. Augustine was the hammer of heresies. He met the stern legionaries [of Rome] who had been the "massive iron hammers" of the whole earth. J. H. Newman. Atmospheric hammer, a dead-stroke hammer in which the spring is formed by confined air. -- Drop hammer, Face hammer, etc. See under Drop, Face, etc. -- Hammer fish. See Hammerhead. -- Hammer hardening, the process of hardening metal by hammering it when cold. -- Hammer shell (Zoöl.), any species of Malleus, a genus of marine bivalve shells, allied to the pearl oysters, having the wings narrow and elongated, so as to give them a hammer-shaped outline; -- called also hammer oyster. -- To bring to the hammer, to put up at auction.

HAMMER Ham"mer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hammered; p. pr. & vb. n. Hammering.]

1. To beat with a hammer; to beat with heavy blows; as, to hammer iron.

2. To form or forge with a hammer; to shape by beating. "Hammered money." Dryden.

3. To form in the mind; to shape by hard intellectual labor; -- usually with out. Who was hammering out a penny dialogue. Jeffry.

HAMMER Ham"mer, v. i.

1. To be busy forming anything; to labor hard as if shaping something with a hammer. Whereon this month I have hammering. Shak.

2. To strike repeated blows, literally or figuratively. Blood and revenge are hammering in my head. Shak.

HAMMERABLE Ham"mer*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being formed or shaped by a hammer. Sherwood.

HAMMER-BEAM Ham"mer-beam`, n. (Cothic Arch.)

Defn: A member of one description of roof truss, called hammer-beam truss, which is so framed as not to have a tiebeam at the top of the wall. Each principal has two hammer-beams, which occupy the situation, and to some extent serve the purpose, of a tiebeam.

HAMMER BREAK Ham"mer break. (Elec.)

Defn: An interrupter in which contact is broken by the movement of an automatically vibrating hammer between a contact piece and an electromagnet, or of a rapidly moving piece mechanically driven.

HAMMERCLOTH Ham"mer*cloth`, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. D. hemel heaven, canopy, tester (akin to G. himmel, and perh. also to E. heaven) + E. cloth; or perh. a corruption of hamper cloth.]

Defn: The cloth which covers a coach box.

HAMMER-DRESSED Ham"mer-dressed`, a.

Defn: Having the surface roughly shaped or faced with the stonecutter's hammer; -- said of building stone.

HAMMERER Ham"mer*er, n.

Defn: One who works with a hammer.

HAMMER-HARDEN Ham"mer-hard`en, v. t.

Defn: To harden, as a metal, by hammering it in the cold state.

HAMMERHEAD Ham"mer*head`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A shark of the genus Sphyrna or Zygæna, having the eyes set on projections from the sides of the head, which gives it a hammer shape. The Sphyrna zygæna is found in the North Atlantic. Called also hammer fish, and balance fish.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fresh-water fish; the stone-roller.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An African fruit bat (Hypsignathus monstrosus); -- so called from its large blunt nozzle.

HAMMERKOP Ham"mer*kop, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of the Heron family; the umber.

HAMMER-LESS Ham"mer-less, a. (Firearms)

Defn: Without a visible hammer; -- said of a gun having a cock or striker concealed from sight, and out of the way of an accidental touch.

HAMMER LOCK Hammer lock. (Wrestling)

Defn: A hold in which an arm of one contestant is held twisted and bent behind his back by his opponent.

HAMMERMAN Ham"mer*man, n.; pl. Hammermen (.

Defn: A hammerer; a forgeman.

HAMMOCHRYSOS Ham`mo*chry"sos, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. chryso`s gold.]

Defn: A stone with spangles of gold color in it.

HAMMOCK Ham"mock, n. Etym: [A word of Indian origin: cf. Sp. hamaca. Columbus, in the Narrative of his first voyage, says: "A great many Indians in canoes came to the ship to-day for the purpose of bartering their cotton, and hamacas, or nets, in which they sleep."]

1. A swinging couch or bed, usually made of netting or canvas about six feet wide, suspended by clews or cords at the ends.

2. A piece of land thickly wooded, and usually covered with bushes and vines. Used also adjectively; as, hammock land. [Southern U. S.] Bartlett. Hammock nettings (Naut.), formerly, nets for stowing hammocks; now, more often, wooden boxes or a trough on the rail, used for that purpose.

HAMOSE; HAMOUS Ha*mose", Ha"mous,Etym: [L. hamus hook.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the end hooked or curved.

HAMPER Ham"per, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. hanaper.]

Defn: A large basket, usually with a cover, used for the packing and carrying of articles; as, a hamper of wine; a clothes hamper; an oyster hamper, which contains two bushels.

HAMPER Ham"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hampered; p. pr. & vb. n. Hampering.]

Defn: To put in a hamper.

HAMPER Ham"per, v. t. Etym: [OE. hamperen, hampren, prob. of the same origin as E. hamble.]

Defn: To put a hamper or fetter on; to shackle; to insnare; to inveigle; hence, to impede in motion or progress; to embarrass; to encumber. "Hampered nerves." Blackmore. A lion hampered in a net. L'Estrange. They hamper and entangle our souls. Tillotson.

HAMPER Ham"per, n. Etym: [See Hamper to shackle.]

1. A shackle; a fetter; anything which impedes. W. Browne.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Articles ordinarily indispensable, but in the way at certain times. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Top hamper (Naut.), unnecessary spars and rigging kept aloft.

HAMSHACKLE Ham"shac`kle, v. t. Etym: [Ham + shackle.]

Defn: To fasten (an animal) by a rope binding the head to one of the fore legs; as, to hamshackle a horse or cow; hence, to bind or restrain; to curb.

HAMSTER Ham"ster, n. Etym: [G. hamster.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European rodent (Cricetus frumentarius). It is remarkable for having a pouch on each side of the jaw, under the skin, and for its migrations.

HAMSTRING Ham"string`, n. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the great tendons situated in each side of the ham, or space back of the knee, and connected with the muscles of the back of the thigh.

HAMSTRING Ham"string`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hamstrung; p. pr. & vb. n. Hamstringing. See String.]

Defn: To lame or disable by cutting the tendons of the ham or knee; to hough; hence, to cripple; to incapacitate; to disable. So have they hamstrung the valor of the subject by seeking to effeminate us all at home. Milton.

HAMULAR Ham"u*lar, a.

Defn: Hooked; hooklike; hamate; as, the hamular process of the sphenoid bone.

HAMULATE Ham"u*late, a.

Defn: Furnished with a small hook; hook-shaped. Gray.

HAMULE Ham"ule, n. Etym: [L. hamulus.]

Defn: A little hook.

HAMULOSE Ham"u*lose", a. Etym: [L. hamulus, dim. of hamus a hook.]

Defn: Bearing a small hook at the end. Gray.

HAMULUS Ham"u*lus, n.; pl. Hamuli (. Etym: [L., a little hook.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A hook, or hooklike process.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hooked barbicel of a feather.

HAN Han, Etym: contr. inf. & plural pres. of Haven.

Defn: To have; have. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Him thanken all, and thus they han an end. Chaucer.

HANAP Han"ap, n. Etym: [F. hanap. See Hanaper.]

Defn: A rich goblet, esp. one used on state occasions. [Obs.]

HANAPER Han"a*per, n. Etym: [LL. hanaperium a large vase, fr. hanaus vase, bowl, cup (whence F. hanap); of German origin; cf. ONG. hnapf, G. napf, akin to AS. hnæp cup, bowl. Cf. Hamper, Nappy, n.]

Defn: A kind of basket, usually of wickerwork, and adapted for the packing and carrying of articles; a hamper. Hanaper office, an office of the English court of chancery in which writs relating to the business of the public, and the returns to them, were anciently kept in a hanaper or hamper. Blackstone.

HANCE Hance, v. t. Etym: [See Enhance.]

Defn: To raise; to elevate. [Obs.] Lydgate.

HANCE; HANCH Hance, Hanch,Etym: [See Hanse.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: See Hanse.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A sudden fall or break, as the fall of the fife rail down to the gangway.

HAND Hand, n. Etym: [AS. hand, hond; akin to D., G., & Sw. hand, OHG. hant, Dan. haand, Icel. hönd, Goth. handus, and perh. to Goth. hinpan to seize (in comp.). Cf. Hunt.]

1. That part of the fore limb below the forearm or wrist in man and monkeys, and the corresponding part in many other animals; manus; paw. See Manus.

2. That which resembles, or to some extent performs the office of, a human hand; as: (a) A limb of certain animals, as the foot of a hawk, or any one of the four extremities of a monkey. (b) An index or pointer on a dial; as, the hour or minute hand of a clock.

3. A measure equal to a hand's breadth, -- four inches; a palm. Chiefly used in measuring the height of horses.

4. Side; part; direction, either right or left. On this hand and that hand, were hangings. Ex. xxxviii. 15. The Protestants were then on the winning hand. Milton.

5. Power of performance; means of execution; ability; skill; dexterity. He had a great mind to try his hand at a Spectator. Addison.

6. Actual performance; deed; act; workmanship; agency; hence, manner of performance. To change the hand in carrying on the war. Clarendon. Gideon said unto God, If thou wilt save Israel by my hand. Judges vi. 36.

7. An agent; a servant, or laborer; a workman, trained or competent for special service or duty; a performer more or less skillful; as, a deck hand; a farm hand; an old hand at speaking. A dictionary containing a natural history requires too many hands, as well as too much time, ever to be hoped for. Locke. I was always reckoned a lively hand at a simile. Hazlitt.

8. Handwriting; style of penmanship; as, a good, bad or running hand. Hence, a signature. I say she never did invent this letter; This is a man's invention and his hand. Shak. Some writs require a judge's hand. Burril.

9. Personal possession; ownership; hence, control; direction; management; -- usually in the plural. "Receiving in hand one year's tribute." Knolles. Albinus . . . found means to keep in his hands the goverment of Britain. Milton.

10. Agency in transmission from one person to another; as, to buy at first hand, that is, from the producer, or when new; at second hand, that is, when no longer in the producer's hand, or when not new.

11. Rate; price. [Obs.] "Business is bought at a dear hand, where there is small dispatch." Bacon.

12. That which is, or may be, held in a hand at once; as: (a) (Card Playing) The quota of cards received from the dealer. (b) (Tobacco Manuf.) A bundle of tobacco leaves tied together.

13. (Firearms)

Defn: The small part of a gunstock near the lock, which is grasped by the hand in taking aim.

Note: Hand is used figuratively for a large variety of acts or things, in the doing, or making, or use of which the hand is in some way employed or concerned; also, as a symbol to denote various qualities or conditions, as: (a) Activity; operation; work; -- in distinction from the head, which implies thought, and the heart, which implies affection. "His hand will be against every man." Gen. xvi. 12.(b) Power; might; supremacy; -- often in the Scriptures. "With a mighty hand . . . will I rule over you." Ezek. xx. 33.(c) Fraternal feeling; as, to give, or take, the hand; to give the right hand. (d) Contract; -- commonly of marriage; as, to ask the hand; to pledge the hand.

Note: Hand is often used adjectively or in compounds (with or without the hyphen), signifying performed by the hand; as, hand blow or hand- blow, hand gripe or hand-gripe: used by, or designed for, the hand; as, hand ball or handball, hand bow, hand fetter, hand grenade or hand-grenade, handgun or hand gun, handloom or hand loom, handmill or hand organ or handorgan, handsaw or hand saw, hand-weapon: measured or regulated by the hand; as, handbreadth or hand's breadth, hand gallop or hand-gallop. Most of the words in the following paragraph are written either as two words or in combination. Hand bag, a satchel; a small bag for carrying books, papers, parcels, etc. -- Hand basket, a small or portable basket. -- Hand bell, a small bell rung by the hand; a table bell. Bacon. -- Hand bill, a small pruning hook. See 4th Bill. -- Hand car. See under Car. -- Hand director (Mus.), an instrument to aid in forming a good position of the hands and arms when playing on the piano; a hand guide. -- Hand drop. See Wrist drop. -- Hand gallop. See under Gallop. -- Hand gear (Mach.), apparatus by means of which a machine, or parts of a machine, usually operated by other power, may be operated by hand. -- Hand glass. (a) A glass or small glazed frame, for the protection of plants. (b) A small mirror with a handle. -- Hand guide. Same as Hand director (above). -- Hand language, the art of conversing by the hands, esp. as practiced by the deaf and dumb; dactylology. -- Hand lathe. See under Lathe. -- Hand money, money paid in hand to bind a contract; earnest money. -- Hand organ (Mus.), a barrel organ, operated by a crank turned by hand. -- Hand plant. (Bot.) Same as Hand tree (below). -- Hand rail, a rail, as in staircases, to hold by. Gwilt. -- Hand sail, a sail managed by the hand. Sir W. Temple. -- Hand screen, a small screen to be held in the hand. -- Hand screw, a small jack for raising heavy timbers or weights; (Carp.) a screw clamp. -- Hand staff (pl. Hand staves), a javelin. Ezek. xxxix. 9. -- Hand stamp, a small stamp for dating, addressing, or canceling papers, envelopes, etc. -- Hand tree (Bot.), a lofty tree found in Mexico (Cheirostemon platanoides), having red flowers whose stamens unite in the form of a hand. -- Hand vise, a small vise held in the hand in doing small work. Moxon. -- Hand work, or Handwork, work done with the hands, as distinguished from work done by a machine; handiwork. -- All hands, everybody; all parties. -- At all hands, On all hands, on all sides; from every direction; generally. -- At any hand, At no hand, in any (or no) way or direction; on any account; on no account. "And therefore at no hand consisting with the safety and interests of humility." Jer. Taylor. -- At first hand, At second hand. See def. 10 (above). -- At hand. (a) Near in time or place; either present and within reach, or not far distant. "Your husband is at hand; I hear his trumpet." Shak. (b) Under the hand or bridle. [Obs.] "Horses hot at hand." Shak. -- At the hand of, by the act of; as a gift from. "Shall we receive good at the hand of God and shall we not receive evil" Job ii. 10. -- Bridle hand. See under Bridle. -- By hand, with the hands, in distinction from instrumentality of tools, engines, or animals; as, to weed a garden by hand; to lift, draw, or carry by hand. -- Clean hands, freedom from guilt, esp. from the guilt of dishonesty in money matters, or of bribe taking. "He that hath clean hands shall be stronger and stronger." Job xvii. 9. -- From hand to hand, from one person to another. -- Hand in hand. (a) In union; conjointly; unitedly. Swift. (b) Just; fair; equitable. As fair and as good, a kind of hand in hand comparison. Shak. -- Hand over hand, Hand over fist, by passing the hands alternately one before or above another; as, to climb hand over hand; also, rapidly; as, to come up with a chase hand over hand. -- Hand over head, negligently; rashly; without seeing what one does. [Obs.] Bacon. -- Hand running, consecutively; as, he won ten times hand running. -- Hand off! keep off! forbear! no interference or meddling! -- Hand to hand, in close union; in close fight; as, a hand to hand contest. Dryden. -- Heavy hand, severity or oppression. -- In hand. (a) Paid down. "A considerable reward in hand, and . . . a far greater reward hereafter." Tillotson. (b) In preparation; taking place. Chaucer. "Revels . . . in hand." Shak. (c) Under consideration, or in the course of transaction; as, he has the business in hand. -- In one's hand or hands. (a) In one's possession or keeping. (b) At one's risk, or peril; as, I took my life in my hand. -- Laying on of hands, a form used in consecrating to office, in the rite of confirmation, and in blessing persons. -- Light hand, gentleness; moderation. -- Note of hand, a promissory note. -- Off hand, Out of hand, forthwith; without delay, hesitation, or difficulty; promptly. "She causeth them to be hanged up out of hand." Spenser. -- Off one's hands, out of one's possession or care. -- On hand, in present possession; as, he has a supply of goods on hand. -- On one's hands, in one's possession care, or management. -- Putting the hand under the thigh, an ancient Jewish ceremony used in swearing. -- Right hand, the place of honor, power, and strength. -- Slack hand, idleness; carelessness; inefficiency; sloth. -- Strict hand, severe discipline; rigorous government. -- To bear a hand (Naut), to give help quickly; to hasten. -- To bear in hand, to keep in expectation with false pretenses. [Obs.] Shak. -- To be hand and glove, or in glove with. See under Glove. -- To be on the mending hand, to be convalescent or improving. -- To bring up by hand, to feed (an infant) without suckling it. -- To change hand. See Change. -- To change hands, to change sides, or change owners. Hudibras. -- To clap the hands, to express joy or applause, as by striking the palms of the hands together. -- To come to hand, to be received; to be taken into possession; as, the letter came to hand yesterday. -- To get hand, to gain influence. [Obs.] Appetites have . . . got such a hand over them. Baxter. -- To got one's hand in, to make a beginning in a certain work; to become accustomed to a particular business. -- To have a hand in, to be concerned in; to have a part or concern in doing; to have an agency or be employed in. -- To have in hand. (a) To have in one's power or control. Chaucer. (b) To be engaged upon or occupied with. -- To have one's hands full, to have in hand al that one can do, or more than can be done conveniently; to be pressed with labor or engagements; to be surrounded with difficulties. -- To have, or get, the (higher) upper hand, to have, or get, the better of another person or thing. -- To his hand, To my hand, etc., in readiness; already prepared. "The work is made to his hands." Locke. -- To hold hand, to compete successfully or on even conditions. [Obs.] Shak. -- To lay hands on, to seize; to assault. -- To lend a hand, to give assistance. -- To lift, or put forth, the hand against, to attack; to oppose; to kill. -- To live from hand to mouth, to obtain food and other necessaries as want compels, without previous provision. -- To make one's hand, to gain advantage or profit. -- To put the hand unto, to steal. Ex. xxii. 8.-- To put the last, or finishing, hand to, to make the last corrections in; to complete; to perfect. -- To set the hand to, to engage in; to undertake. That the Lord thy God may bless thee in all that thou settest thine hand to. Deut. xxiii. 20. -- To stand one in hand, to concern or affect one. -- To strike hands, to make a contract, or to become surety for another's debt or good behavior. -- To take in hand. (a) To attempt or undertake. (b) To seize and deal with; as, he took him in hand. -- To wash the hands of, to disclaim or renounce interest in, or responsibility for, a person or action; as, to wash one's hands of a business. Matt. xxvii. 24. -- Under the hand of, authenticated by the handwriting or signature of; as, the deed is executed under the hand and seal of the owner.

HAND Hand, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handed; p. pr. & vb. n. Handing.]

1. To give, pass, or transmit with the hand; as, he handed them the letter.

2. To lead, guide, or assist with the hand; to conduct; as, to hand a lady into a carriage.

3. To manage; as, I hand my oar. [Obs.] Prior.

4. To seize; to lay hands on. [Obs.] Shak.

5. To pledge by the hand; to handfast. [R.]

6. (Naut.)

Defn: To furl; -- said of a sail. Totten. To hand down, to transmit in succession, as from father to son, or from predecessor to successor; as, fables are handed down from age to age; to forward to the proper officer (the decision of a higher court); as, the Clerk of the Court of Appeals handed down its decision. -- To hand over, to yield control of; to surrender; to deliver up.

HAND Hand, v. i.

Defn: To coöperate. [Obs.] Massinger.

HANDBALL Hand"ball`, n.

1. A ball for throwing or using with the hand.

2. A game played with such a ball, as by players striking it to and fro between them with the hands, or alternately against a wall, until one side or the other fails to return the ball.

HANDBARROW Hand"bar"row, n.

Defn: A frame or barrow, without a wheel, carried by hand.

HANDBILL Hand"bill`, n.

1. A loose, printed sheet, to be distributed by hand.

2. A pruning hook. [Usually written hand bill.]

HANDBOOK Hand"book`, n. Etym: [Hand + book; cf. AS. handb, or G. handbuch.]

Defn: A book of reference, to be carried in the hand; a manual; a guidebook.

HANDBREADTH Hand"breadth`, n.

Defn: A space equal to the breadth of the hand; a palm. Ex. xxxvii. 12.

HANDCART Hand"cart`, n.

Defn: A cart drawn or pushed by hand.

HANDCLOTH Hand"cloth`, n.

Defn: A handkerchief.

HANDCRAFT Hand"craft`, n.

Defn: Same as Handicraft.

HANDCRAFTSMAN Hand"crafts`man, n.; pl. -men (.

Defn: A handicraftsman.

HANDCUFF Hand"cuff`, n. Etym: [AS. handcops; hand hand + cosp, cops, fetter. The second part was confused with E. cuffs,]

Defn: A fastening, consisting of an iron ring around the wrist, usually connected by a chain with one on the other wrist; a manacle; -- usually in the plural.

HANDCUFF Hand"cuff`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handcuffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Handcuffing.]

Defn: To apply handcuffs to; to manacle. Hay (1754).

HANDED Hand"ed, a.

1. With hands joined; hand in hand. Into their inmost bower, Handed they went. Milton.

2. Having a peculiar or characteristic hand. As poisonous tongued as handed. Shak.

Note: Handed is used in composition in the sense of having (such or so many) hands; as, bloody-handed; free-handed; heavy-handed; left- handed; single-handed.

HANDER Hand"er, n.

Defn: One who hands over or transmits; a conveyer in succession. Dryden.

HANDFAST Hand"fast`, n.

1. Hold; grasp; custody; power of confining or keeping. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Contract; specifically, espousal. [Obs.]

HANDFAST Hand"fast`, a.

Defn: Fast by contract; betrothed by joining hands. [Obs.] Bale.

HANDFAST Hand"fast`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handfasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Handfasting.]

Defn: To pledge; to bind; to betroth by joining hands, in order to cohabitation, before the celebration of marriage. [Obs.]

HANDFAST Hand"fast`, n. Etym: [G. handfest; hand hand + fest strong. See Fast.]

Defn: Strong; steadfast.[R.] Carlyle.

HANDFASTLY Hand"fast`ly, adv.

Defn: In a handfast or publicly pledged manner. [Obs.] Holinshed.

HANDFISH Hand"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The frogfish.

HANDFUL Hand"ful, n.; pl. Hand flus. Etym: [AS. handfull.]

1. As much as the hand will grasp or contain. Addison.

2. A hand's breadth; four inches. [Obs.] Knap the tongs together about a handful from the bottom. Bacon.

3. A small quantity. This handful of men were tied to very hard duty. Fuller. To have one's handful, to have one's hands full; to have all one can do. [Obs.] They had their handful to defend themselves from firing. Sir. W. Raleigh.

HAND-HOLE Hand"-hole, n. (Steam Boilers)

Defn: A small hole in a boiler for the insertion of the hand in cleaning, etc. Hand-hole plate, the cover of a hand-hole.

HANDICAP Hand"i*cap, n. Etym: [From hand in cap; -- perh. in reference to an old mode of setting a bargain by taking pieces of money from a cap.]

1. An allowance of a certain amount of time or distance in starting, granted in a race to the competitor possessing inferior advantages; or an additional weight or other hindrance imposed upon the one possessing superior advantages, in order to equalize, as much as possible, the chances of success; as, the handicap was five seconds, or ten pounds, and the like.

2. A race, for horses or men, or any contest of agility, strength, or skill, in which there is an allowance of time, distance, weight, or other advantage, to equalize the chances of the competitors.

3. An old game at cards. [Obs.] Pepys.

HANDICAP Hand"i*cap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handicapped; p. pr. & vb. n. Handicapping.]

Defn: To encumber with a handicap in any contest; hence, in general, to place at disadvantage; as, the candidate was heavily handicapped.

HANDICAPPER Hand"i*cap`per, n.

Defn: One who determines the conditions of a handicap.

HANDICRAFT Hand"i*craft, n. Etym: [For handcraft, influenced by handiwork; AS. handcræft.]

1. A trade requiring skill of hand; manual occupation; handcraft. Addison.

2. A man who earns his living by handicraft; a handicraftsman. [R.] Dryden.

HANDICRAFTSMAN Hand"i*crafts`man, n.; pl. -men (.

Defn: A man skilled or employed in handcraft. Bacon.

HANDILY Hand"i*ly, adv. Etym: [See Handy.]

Defn: In a handy manner; skillfully; conveniently.

HANDINESS Hand"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being handy.

HANDIRON Hand"i`ron, n.

Defn: See Andrion. [Obs.]

HANDIWORK Hand"i*work`, n. Etym: [OE. handiwerc, AS. handgeweorc; hand hand + geweorc work; prefix ge- + weorc. See Work.]

Defn: Work done by the hands; hence, any work done personally. The firmament showeth his handiwork. Ps. xix. 1.

HANDKERCHER Hand"ker*cher, n.

Defn: A handkerchief. [Obs. or Colloq.] Chapman (1654). Shak.

HANDKERCHIEF Hand"ker*chief (hân"ker*chîf; 277), n. Etym: [Hand + kerchief.]

1. A piece of cloth, usually square and often fine and elegant, carried for wiping the face or hands.

2. A piece of cloth shaped like a handkerchief to be worn about the neck; a neckerchief; a neckcloth.

HANDLE Han"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handled; p. pr. & vb. n. Handling .] Etym: [OE. handlen, AS. handian; akin to D. handelen to trade, G. handeln. See Hand.]

1. To touch; to feel with the hand; to use or hold with the hand. Handle me, and see; for a spirit hath not flesh. Luke xxiv. 39. About his altar, handling holy things. Milton.

2. To manage in using, as a spade or a musket; to wield; often, to manage skillfully. That fellow handles his bow like a crowkeeper. Shak.

3. To accustom to the hand; to work upon, or take care of, with the hands. The hardness of the winters forces the breeders to house and handle their colts six months every year. Sir W. Temple.

4. To receive and transfer; to have pass through one's hands; hence, to buy and sell; as, a merchant handles a variety of goods, or a large stock.

5. To deal with; to make a business of. They that handle the law knew me not. Jer. ii. 8.

6. To treat; to use, well or ill. How wert thou handled being prisoner. Shak.

7. To manage; to control; to practice skill upon. You shall see how I will handle her. Shak.

8. To use or manage in writing or speaking; to treat, as a theme, an argument, or an objection. We will handle what persons are apt to envy others. Bacon. To handle without gloves. See under Glove. [Colloq.]

HANDLE Han"dle, v. i.

Defn: To use the hands. They have hands, but they handle not. Ps. cxv. 7.

HANDLE Han"dle, n. Etym: [AS. handle. See Hand.]

1. That part of vessels, instruments, etc., which is held in the hand when used or moved, as the haft of a sword, the knob of a door, the bail of a kettle, etc.

2. That of which use is made; the instrument for effecting a purpose; a tool. South. To give a handle, to furnish an occasion or means.

HANDLEABLE Han"dle*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being handled.

HANDLESS Hand"less, a.

Defn: Without a hand. Shak.

HANDLING Han"dling, n. Etym: [AS. handlung.]

1. A touching, controlling, managing, using, etc., with the hand or hands, or as with the hands. See Handle, v. t. The heavens and your fair handling Have made you master of the field this day. Spenser.

2. (Drawing, Painting, etc.)

Defn: The mode of using the pencil or brush, etc.; style of touch. Fairholt.

HANDMADE Hand"made", a.

Defn: Manufactured by hand; as, handmade shoes.

HANDMAID; HANDMAIDEN Hand"maid", Hand"maiden, n.

Defn: A maid that waits at hand; a female servant or attendant.

HANDSAW Hand"saw` n.

Defn: A saw used with one hand.

HANDSEL Hand"sel, n. [Written also hansel.] Etym: [OE. handsal, hansal, hansel, AS. handsa giving into hands, or more prob. fr. Icel. handsal; hand hand + sal sale, bargain; akin to AS. sellan to give, deliver. See Sell, Sale. ]

1. A sale, gift, or delivery into the hand of another; especially, a sale, gift, delivery, or using which is the first of a series, and regarded as on omen for the rest; a first installment; an earnest; as the first money received for the sale of goods in the morning, the first money taken at a shop newly opened, the first present sent to a young woman on her wedding day, etc. Their first good handsel of breath in this world. Fuller. Our present tears here, not our present laughter, Are but the handsels of our joys hereafter. Herrick.

2. Price; payment. [Obs.] Spenser. Handsel Monday, the first Monday of the new year, when handsels or presents are given to servants, children, etc.

HANDSEL Hand"sel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handseled or Handseled (; p. pr. & vb. n. Handseling or Handselling.] Etym: [Written also hansel.] Etym: [OE handsellen, hansellen;cf. Isel. hadsala, handselja. See Handsel, n.]

1. To give a handsel to.

2. To use or do for the first time, esp. so as to make fortunate or unfortunate; to try experimentally. No contrivance of our body, but some good man in Scripture hath handseled it with prayer. Fuller.

HANDSOME Hand"some, a. [Compar. Handsomer; superl. Handsomest.] Etym: [Hand + -some. It at first meant, dexterous; cf. D. handzaam dexterous, ready, limber, manageable, and E. handy.]

1. Dexterous; skillful; handy; ready; convenient; -- applied to things as persons. [Obs.] That they [engines of war] be both easy to be carried and handsome to be moved and turned about. Robynson (Utopia). For a thief it is so handsome as it may seem it was first invented for him. Spenser.

2. Agreeable to the eye or to correct taste; having a pleasing appearance or expression; attractive; having symmetry and dignity; comely; -- expressing more than pretty, and less than beautiful; as, a handsome man or woman; a handsome garment, house, tree, horse.

3. Suitable or fit in action; marked with propriety and ease; graceful; becoming; appropriate; as, a handsome style, etc. Easiness and handsome address in writing. Felton.

4. Evincing a becoming generosity or nobleness of character; liberal; generous. Handsome is as handsome does. Old Proverb.

5. Ample; moderately large. He . . . accumulated a handsome sum of money. V. Knox. To do the handsome thing, to act liberally. [Colloq.]

Syn. -- Handsome, Pretty. Pretty applies to things comparatively small, which please by their delicacy and grace; as, a pretty girl, a pretty flower, a pretty cottage. Handsome rises higher, and is applied to objects on a larger scale. We admire what is handsome, we are pleased with what is pretty. The word is connected with hand, and has thus acquired the idea of training, cultivation, symmetry, and proportion, which enters so largely into our conception of handsome. Thus Drayton makes mention of handsome players, meaning those, who are well trained; and hence we speak of a man's having a handsome address, which is the result of culture; of a handsome horse or dog, which implies well proportioned limbs; of a handsome face, to which, among other qualities, the idea of proportion and a graceful contour are essential; of a handsome tree, and a handsome house or villa. So, from this idea of proportion or suitableness, we have, with a different application, the expressions, a handsome fortune, a handsome offer.

HANDSOME Hand"some, v. t.

Defn: To render handsome. [Obs.] Donne

HANDSOMELY Hand"some*ly, adv.

1. In a handsome manner.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Carefully; in shipshape style.

HANDSOMENESS Hand"some*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being handsome. Handsomeness is the mere animal excellence, beauty the mere imaginative. Hare.

HANDSPIKE Hand"spike`, n.

Defn: A bar or lever, generally of wood, used in a windlass or capstan, for heaving anchor, and, in modified forms, for various purposes.

HANDSPRING Hand"spring`, n.

Defn: A somersault made with the assistance of the hands placed upon the ground.

HAND-TIGHT Hand"-tight`, a. (Naut.)

Defn: As tight as can be made by the hand. Totten.

HANDWHEEL Hand"wheel`, n. (Mach.)

Defn: Any wheel worked by hand; esp., one the rim of which serves as the handle by which a valve, car brake, or other part is adjusted.

HAND-WINGED Hand"-winged`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having wings that are like hands in the structure and arrangement of their bones; -- said of bats. See Cheiroptera.

HANDWRITING Hand"writ`ing, n.

1. The cast or form of writing peculiar to each hand or person; chirography.

2. That which is written by hand; manuscript. The handwriting on the wall, a doom pronounced; an omen of disaster. Dan. v. 5.

HANDY Hand"y, a. [Compar. Handier; superl. Handiest.] Etym: [OE. hendi, AS. hendig (in comp.), fr. hand hand; akin to D. handig, Goth. handugs clever, wise.]

1. Performed by the hand. [Obs.] To draw up and come to handy strokes. Milton.

2. Skillful in using the hand; dexterous; ready; adroit. "Each is handy in his way." Dryden.

3. Ready to the hand; near; also, suited to the use of the hand; convenient; valuable for reference or use; as, my tools are handy; a handy volume.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: Easily managed; obedient to the helm; -- said of a vessel.

HANDY-DANDY Hand"y-dan`dy, n.

Defn: A child's play, one child guessing in which closed hand the other holds some small object, winning the object if right and forfeiting an equivalent if wrong; hence, forfeit. Piers Plowman.

HANDYFIGHT Hand"y*fight`, n.

Defn: A fight with the hands; boxing. "Pollux loves handyfights." B. Jonson.

HANDYGRIPE Hand"y*gripe`, n.

Defn: Seizure by, or grasp of, the hand; also, close quarters in fighting. Hudibras.

HANDYSTROKE Hand"y*stroke`, n.

Defn: A blow with the hand.

HANDYWORK Hand"y`work`, n.

Defn: See Handiwork.

HANG Hang, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hanged (hngd) or Hung (; p. pr. & vb. n. Hanging. The use of hanged is preferable to that of hung, when reference is had to death or execution by suspension, and it is also more common.] Etym: [OE. hangen, hangien, v. t. & i., AS. hangian, v. i., fr. h, v. t. (imp. heng, p. p. hongen); akin to OS. hang, v. i. D. hangen, v. t. & i., G. hangen, v. i, hängen, v. t, Isel hanga, v. i., Goth. hahan, v. t. (imp. haíhah), hahan, v. i. (imp. hahaida), and perh. to L. cunctari to delay. sq. root37. ]

1. To suspend; to fasten to some elevated point without support from below; -- often used with up or out; as, to hang a coat on a hook; to hang up a sign; to hang out a banner.

2. To fasten in a manner which will allow of free motion upon the point or points of suspension; -- said of a pendulum, a swing, a door, gate, etc.

3. To fit properly, as at a proper angle (a part of an implement that is swung in using), as a scythe to its snath, or an ax to its helve. [U. S.]

4. To put to death by suspending by the neck; -- a form of capital punishment; as, to hang a murderer.

5. To cover, decorate, or furnish by hanging pictures trophies, drapery, and the like, or by covering with paper hangings; -- said of a wall, a room, etc. Hung be the heavens with black. Shak. And hung thy holy roofs with savage spoils. Dryden.

6. To paste, as paper hangings, on the walls of a room.

7. To hold or bear in a suspended or inclined manner or position instead of erect; to droop; as, he hung his head in shame. Cowslips wan that hang the pensive head. Milton. To hang down, to let fall below the proper position; to bend down; to decline; as, to hang down the head, or, elliptically, to hang the head. -- To hang fire (Mil.), to be slow in communicating fire through the vent to the charge; as, the gun hangs fire; hence, to hesitate, to hold back as if in suspense.

HANG Hang, v. i.

1. To be suspended or fastened to some elevated point without support from below; to dangle; to float; to rest; to remain; to stay.

2. To be fastened in such a manner as to allow of free motion on the point or points of suspension.

3. To die or be put to death by suspension from the neck. [R.] "Sir Balaam hangs." Pope.

4. To hold for support; to depend; to cling; -- usually with on or upon; as, this question hangs on a single point. "Two infants hanging on her neck." Peacham.

5. To be, or be like, a suspended weight. Life hangs upon me, and becomes a burden. Addison.

6. To hover; to impend; to appear threateningly; -- usually with over; as, evils hang over the country.

7. To lean or incline; to incline downward. To decide which way hung the victory. Milton. His neck obliquely o'er his shoulder hung. Pope.

8. To slope down; as, hanging grounds.

9. To be undetermined or uncertain; to be in suspense; to linger; to be delayed. A noble stroke he lifted high, Which hung not, but so swift with tempest fell On the proud crest of Satan. Milton. To hang around, to loiter idly about. -- To hang back, to hesitate; to falter; to be reluctant. "If any one among you hangs back." Jowett (Thucyd.). -- To hang by the eyelids. (a) To hang by a very slight hold or tenure. (b) To be in an unfinished condition; to be left incomplete. -- To hang in doubt, to be in suspense. -- To hang on (with the emphasis on the preposition), to keep hold; to hold fast; to stick; to be persistent, as a disease. -- To hang on the lips, words, etc., to be charmed by eloquence. -- To hang out. (a) To be hung out so as to be displayed; to project. (b) To be unyielding; as, the juryman hangs out against an agreement. [Colloq.] (c) to lounge around a particular place; as, teenageers tend to hang out at the mall these days -- To hang over. (a) To project at the top. (b) To impend over. -- To hang to, to cling. -- To hang together. (a) To remain united; to stand by one another. "We are all of a piece; we hang together." Dryden. (b) To be self- consistent; as, the story does not hang together. [Colloq.] -- To hang upon. (a) To regard with passionate affection. (b) (Mil.) To hover around; as, to hang upon the flanks of a retreating enemy.

HANG Hang, n.

1. The manner in which one part or thing hangs upon, or is connected with, another; as, the hang of a scythe.

2. Connection; arrangement; plan; as, the hang of a discourse. [Colloq.]

3. A sharp or steep declivity or slope. [Colloq.] To get the hang of, to learn the method or arrangement of; hence, to become accustomed to. [Colloq.]

HANGBIRD Hang"bird`, n. (Zoöl)

Defn: The Baltimore oriole (Icterus galbula); -- so called because its nest is suspended from the limb of a tree. See Baltimore oriole.

HANG-BY Hang"-by`, n.; pl. Hang-bies (.

Defn: A dependent; a hanger-on; -- so called in contempt. B. Jonson.

HANGDOG Hang"dog`, n.

Defn: A base, degraded person; a sneak; a gallows bird.

HANGDOG Hang"dog`

Defn: , Low; sneaking; ashamed. The poor colonel went out of the room with a hangdog look. Thackeray.

HANGER Hang"er, n.

1. One who hangs, or causes to be hanged; a hangman.

2. That by which a thing is suspended. Especially: (a) A strap hung to the girdle, by which a dagger or sword is suspended. (b) (Mach.) A part that suspends a journal box in which shafting runs. See Illust. of Countershaft. (c) A bridle iron.

3. That which hangs or is suspended, as a sword worn at the side; especially, in the 18th century, a short, curved sword.

4. A steep, wooded declivity. [Eng.] Gilbert White.

HANGER-ON Hang"er-on`, n.; pl. Hangers-on (.

Defn: One who hangs on, or sticks to, a person, place, or service; a dependent; one who adheres to others' society longer than he is wanted. Goldsmith.

HANGING Hang"ing, a.

1. Requiring, deserving, or foreboding death by the halter. "What a hanging face!" Dryden.

2. Suspended from above; pendent; as, hanging shelves.

3. Adapted for sustaining a hanging object; as, the hanging post of a gate, the post which holds the hinges. Hanging compass, a compass suspended so that the card may be read from beneath. -- Hanging garden, a garden sustained at an artificial elevation by any means, as by the terraces at Babylon. -- Hanging indentation. See under Indentation. -- Hanging rail (Arch.), that rail of a door or casement to which hinges are attached. -- Hanging side (Mining), the overhanging side of an inclined or hading vein. -- Hanging sleeves. (a) Strips of the same stuff as the gown, hanging down the back from the shoulders. (b) Loose, flowing sleeves. -- Hanging stile. (Arch.) (a) That stile of a door to which hinges are secured. (b) That upright of a window frame to which casements are hinged, or in which the pulleys for sash windows are fastened. -- Hanging wall (Mining), the upper wall of inclined vein, or that which hangs over the miner's head when working in the vein.

HANGING Hang"ing, n.

1. The act of suspending anything; the state of being suspended.

2. Death by suspension; execution by a halter.

3. That which is hung as lining or drapery for the walls of a room, as tapestry, paper, etc., or to cover or drape a door or window; -- used chiefly in the plural. Nor purple hangings clothe the palace walls. Dryden.

HANGMAN Hang"man, n.; pl. Hangmen(

Defn: One who hangs another; esp., one who makes a business of hanging; a public executioner; -- sometimes used as a term of reproach, without reference to office. Shak.

HANGMANSHIP Hang"man*ship, n..

Defn: The office or character of a hangman.

HANGNAIL Hang"nail`, n. Etym: [A corruption of agnail.]

Defn: A small piece or silver of skin which hangs loose, near the root of finger nail. Holloway.

HANGNEST Hang"nest`, n.

1. A nest that hangs like a bag or pocket.

2. A bird which builds such a nest; a hangbird.

HANK Hank, n. Etym: [Cf. Dan. hank handle, Sw. hank a band or tie, Icel. hanki hasp, clasp, hönk, hangr, hank, coil, skein, G. henkel, henk, handle; ar prob. akin to E. hang. See Hang.]

1. A parcel consisting of two or more skeins of yarn or thread tied together.

2. A rope or withe for fastening a gate. [Prov. Eng.]

3. Hold; influence. When the devil hath got such a hank over him. Bp. Sanderson.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A ring or eye of rope, wood, or iron, attached to the edge of a sail and running on a stay.

HANK Hank, v. t.

1. Etym: [OE. hanken.]

Defn: To fasten with a rope, as a gate. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

2. To form into hanks.

HANKER Han"ker, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hankered; p. pr. & vb. n. Hankering.] Etym: [Prob. fr. hang; cf. D. hunkeren, hengelen.]

1. To long (for) with a keen appetite and uneasiness; to have a vehement desire; -- usually with for or after; as, to hanker after fruit; to hanker after the diversions of the town. Addison. He was hankering to join his friend. J. A. Symonds.

2. To linger in expectation or with desire. Thackeray.

HANKERINGLY Han"ker*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a hankering manner.

HANKEY-PANKEY Han"key-pan"key, n. Etym: [Cf. Hocus-pocus.]

Defn: Professional cant; the chatter of conjurers to divert attention from their tricks; hence, jugglery. [Colloq.]

HANOVERIAN Han`o*ve"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Hanover or its people, or to the House of Hanover in England.

HANOVERIAN Han`o*ve"ri*an, n.

Defn: A native or naturalized inhabitant of Hanover; one of the House of Hanover.

HANSA Han" sa, n.

Defn: See 2d Hanse.

HANSARD Han"sard, n.

Defn: An official report of proceedings in the British Parliament; -- so called from the name of the publishers.

HANSARD Han"sard, n.

Defn: A merchant of one of the Hanse towns. See the Note under 2d Hanse.

HANSE Hanse, n. Etym: [Cf. F. anse handle, anse de panier surbased arch, flat arch, vault, and E. haunch hip.] (Arch.)

Defn: That part of an elliptical or many-centered arch which has the shorter radius and immediately adjoins the impost.

HANSE Hanse, n. Etym: [G. hanse, or F. hanse (from German), OHG. & Goth. hansa; akin to AS. h band, troop.]

Defn: An association; a league or confederacy. Hanse towns (Hist.), certain commercial cities in Germany which associated themselves for the protection and enlarging of their commerce. The confederacy, called also Hansa and Hanseatic league, held its first diet in 1260, and was maintained for nearly four hundred years. At one time the league comprised eighty-five cities. Its remnants, Lübeck, Hamburg, and Bremen, are free cities, and are still frequently called Hanse towns.

HANSEATIC Han`se*at"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the Hanse towns, or to their confederacy. Hanseatic league. See under 2d Hanse.

HANSEL Han"sel, n. & v.

Defn: See Handsel.

HANSELINES Han"sel*ines, n.

Defn: A sort of breeches. [Obs..] Chaucer.

HANSOM; HANSOM CAB Han"som, n., Han"som cab` (. Etym: [From the name of the inventor.]

Defn: A light, low, two-wheeled covered carriage with the driver's seat elevated behind, the reins being passed over the top. He hailed a cruising hansom . . . " 'Tis the gondola of London," said Lothair. Beaconsfield.

HAN'T; HAIN'T Han't.

Defn: A contraction of have not, or has not, used in illiterate speech. In the United States the commoner spelling is hain't.

HANUKKA; HANUKKAH Ha"nuk*ka, or Ha"nuk*kah, n. [Heb. khanukkah.]

Defn: The Jewish Feast of the Dedication, instituted by Judas Maccabæus, his brothers, and the whole congregation of Israel, in 165 b. c., to commemorate the dedication of the new altar set up at the purification of the temple of Jerusalem to replace the altar which had been polluted by Antiochus Epiphanes (1 Maccabees i. 58, iv. 59). The feast, which is mentioned in John x. 22, is held for eight days (beginning with the 25th day of Kislev, corresponding to December), and is celebrated everywhere, chiefly as a festival of lights, by the Jews.

HANUMAN Han"u*man, n.

Defn: See Hoonoomaun.

HAP Hap, v. t. Etym: [OE.happen.]

Defn: To clothe; to wrap. The surgeon happed her up carefully. Dr. J. Brown.

HAP Hap, n. Etym: [Cf. Hap to clothe.]

Defn: A cloak or plaid. [O. Eng. & Scot.]

HAP Hap, n. Etym: [Icel. happ unexpected good luck.

Defn: That which happens or comes suddenly or unexpectedly; also, the manner of occurrence or taking place; chance; fortune; accident; casual event; fate; luck; lot. Chaucer. Whether art it was or heedless hap. Spenser. Cursed be good haps, and cursed be they that build Their hopes on haps. Sir P. Sidney. Loving goes by haps: Some Cupid kills with arrows, some with traps. Shak.

HAP Hap, v. i. Etym: [OE. happen. See Hap chance, and cf. Happen.]

Defn: To happen; to befall; to chance. Chaucer. Sends word of all that haps in Tyre. Shak.

HA'PENNY; HAP'PENNY Hap'"pen*ny, n.

Defn: A half-penny.

HAPHAZARD Hap"haz`ard, n. Etym: [Hap + hazard.]

Defn: Extra hazard; chance; accident; random. We take our principles at haphazard, upon trust. Locke.

HAPHTARAH Haph*ta"rah, n.; pl. -taroth (#). [Heb. haphtarah, prop., valedictory, fr. patar to depart.]

Defn: One of the lessons from the Nebiim (or Prophets) read in the Jewish synagogue on Sabbaths, feast days, fasts, and the ninth of Ab, at the end of the service, after the parashoth, or lessons from the Law. Such a practice is evidenced in Luke iv.17 and Acts xiii.15.

HAPLESS Hap"less, a.

Defn: Without hap or luck; luckless; unfortunate; unlucky; unhappy; as, hapless youth; hapless maid. Dryden.

HAPLESSLY Hap"less*ly, adv.

Defn: In a hapless, unlucky manner.

HAPLOMI Ha*plo"mi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of freshwater fishes, including the true pikes, cyprinodonts, and blindfishes.

HAPLOSTEMONOUS Hap`lo*stem"o*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having but one series of stamens, and that equal in number to the proper number of petals; isostemonous.

HAPLY Hap"ly, adv.

Defn: By hap, chance, luck, or accident; perhaps; it may be. Lest haply ye be found even to fight against God. Acts v. 39.

HAPPED Happed, p. a. Etym: [From 1st Hap.]

Defn: Wrapped; covered; cloaked. [Scot.] All happed with flowers in the green wood were. Hogg.

HAPPEN Hap"pen, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Happened; p. pr. & vb. n. Happening.] Etym: [OE. happenen, hapnen. See Hap to happen.]

1. To come by chance; to come without previous expectation; to fall out. There shall no evil happen to the just. Prov. xii. 21.

2. To take place; to occur. All these things which had happened. Luke xxiv. 14. To happen on, to meet with; to fall or light upon. "I have happened on some other accounts." Graunt. -- To happen in, to make a casual call. [Colloq.]

HAPPILY Hap"pi*ly, adv. Etym: [From Happy.]

1. By chance; peradventure; haply. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

2. By good fortune; fortunately; luckily. Preferred by conquest, happily o'erthrown. Waller.

3. In a happy manner or state; in happy circumstances; as, he lived happily with his wife.

4. With address or dexterity; gracefully; felicitously; in a manner to success; with success. Formed by thy converse, happily to steer From grave to gay, from lively to severe. Pope.

Syn. -- Fortunately; luckily; successfully; prosperously; contentedly; dexterously; felicitously.

HAPPINESS Hap"pi*ness, n. Etym: [From Happy.]

1. Good luck; good fortune; prosperity. All happiness bechance to thee in Milan! Shak.

2. An agreeable feeling or condition of the soul arising from good fortune or propitious happening of any kind; the possession of those circumstances or that state of being which is attended enjoyment; the state of being happy; contentment; joyful satisfaction; felicity; blessedness.

3. Fortuitous elegance; unstudied grace; -- used especially of language. Some beauties yet no precepts can declare, For there's a happiness, as well as care. Pope.

Syn. -- Happiness, Felicity, Blessedness, Bliss. Happiness is generic, and is applied to almost every kind of enjoyment except that of the animal appetites; felicity is a more formal word, and is used more sparingly in the same general sense, but with elevated associations; blessedness is applied to the most refined enjoyment arising from the purest social, benevolent, and religious affections; bliss denotes still more exalted delight, and is applied more appropriately to the joy anticipated in heaven. O happiness! our being's end and aim! Pope. Others in virtue place felicity, But virtue joined with riches and long life; In corporal pleasures he, and careless ease. Milton. His overthrow heaped happiness upon him; For then, and not till then, he felt himself, And found the blessedness of being little. Shak.

HAPPY Hap"py, a. [Compar. Happier; superl. Happiest.] Etym: [From Hap chance.]

1. Favored by hap, luck, or fortune; lucky; fortunate; successful; prosperous; satisfying desire; as, a happy expedient; a happy effort; a happy venture; a happy omen. Chymists have been more happy in finding experiments than the causes of them. Boyle.

2. Experiencing the effect of favorable fortune; having the feeling arising from the consciousness of well-being or of enjoyment; enjoying good of any kind, as peace, tranquillity, comfort; contented; joyous; as, happy hours, happy thoughts. Happy is that people, whose God is the Lord. Ps. cxliv. 15. The learned is happy Nature to explore, The fool is happy that he knows no more. Pope.

3. Dexterous; ready; apt; felicitous. One gentleman is happy at a reply, another excels in a in a rejoinder. Swift. Happy family, a collection of animals of different and hostile propensities living peaceably together in one cage. Used ironically of conventional alliances of persons who are in fact mutually repugnant. -- Happy-go-lucky, trusting to hap or luck; improvident; easy-going. "Happy-go-lucky carelessness." W. Black.

HAPUKU Ha*pu"ku, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large and valuable food fish (Polyprion prognathus) of New Zealand. It sometimes weighs one hundred pounds or more.

HAQUEBUT Haque"but, n.

Defn: See Hagbut.

HARA-KIRI Ha"ra-ki`ri, n. Etym: [Jap., stomach cutting.]

Defn: Suicide, by slashing the abdomen, formerly practiced in Japan, and commanded by the government in the cases of disgraced officials; disembowelment; -- also written, but incorrectly, hari-kari. W. E. Griffis.

HARANGUE Ha*rangue", n. Etym: [F. harangue: cf. Sp. arenda, It. aringa; lit., a speech before a multitude or on the hustings, It. aringo arena, hustings, pulpit; all fr. OHG. hring ring, anything round, ring of people, G. ring. See Ring.]

Defn: A speech addressed to a large public assembly; a popular oration; a loud address a multitude; in a bad sense, a noisy or pompous speech; declamation; ranting. Gray-headed men and grave, with warriors mixed, Assemble, and harangues are heard. Milton.

Syn. -- Harangue, Speech, Oration. Speech is generic; an oration is an elaborate and rhetorical speech; an harangue is a vehement appeal to the passions, or a noisy, disputatious address. A general makes an harangue to his troops on the eve of a battle; a demagogue harangues the populace on the subject of their wrongs.

HARANGUE Ha*rangue", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Harangued; p. pr. & vb. n. Haranguing.] Etym: [Cf. F. haranguer, It. aringare.]

Defn: To make an harangue; to declaim.

HARANGUE Ha*rangue", v. t.

Defn: To address by an harangue.

HARANGUEFUL Ha*rangue"ful, a.

Defn: Full of harangue.

HARANGUER Ha*rang"uer, n.

Defn: One who harangues, or is fond of haranguing; a declaimer. With them join'd all th' harangues of the throng, That thought to get preferment by the tongue. Dryden.

HARASS Har"ass (hâr"as), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harassed; p. pr. & vb. n. Harassing.] Etym: [F. harasser; cf. OF. harace a basket made of cords, harace, harasse,a very heavy and large shield; or harer to set (a dog) on.]

Defn: To fatigue; to tire with repeated and exhausting efforts; esp., to weary by importunity, teasing, or fretting; to cause to endure excessive burdens or anxieties; -- sometimes followed by out. [Troops] harassed with a long and wearisome march. Bacon. Nature oppressed and harass'd out with care. Addison. Vext with lawyers and harass'd with debt. Tennyson.

Syn. -- To weary; jade; tire; perplex; distress; tease; worry; disquiet; chafe; gall; annoy; irritate; plague; vex; molest; trouble; disturb; torment.

HARASS Har"ass, n.

1. Devastation; waste. [Obs.] Milton.

2. Worry; harassment. [R.] Byron.

HARASSER Har"ass*er, n.

Defn: One who harasses.

HARASSMENT Har"ass*ment, n.

Defn: The act of harassing, or state of being harassed; worry; annoyance; anxiety. Little harassments which I am led to suspect do occasionally molest the most fortunate. Ld. Lytton.

HARBEROUS Har"ber*ous, a.

Defn: Harborous. [Obs.] A bishop must be faultless, the husband of one wife, honestly appareled, harberous. Tyndale (1 Tim. iii. 2)

HARBINGER Har"bin*ger, n. Etym: [OE. herbergeour, OF. herbergeor one who provides lodging, fr. herbergier to provide lodging, F. héberger, OF. herberge lodging, inn, F. auberge; of German origin. See Harbor.]

1. One who provides lodgings; especially, the officer of the English royal household who formerly preceded the court when traveling, to provide and prepare lodgings. Fuller.

2. A forerunner; a precursor; a messenger. I knew by these harbingers who were coming. Landor.

HARBINGER Har"bin*ger, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harbingered; p. pr. & vb. n. Harbingering.]

Defn: To usher in; to be a harbinger of. "Thus did the star of religious freedom harbinger the day." Bancroft.

HARBOR Har"bor, n. [Written also harbour.] Etym: [OE herbor, herberwe, herberge, Icel. herbergi (cf. OHG. heriberga), orig., a shelter for soldiers; herr army + bjarga to save, help, defend; akin to AS. here army, G. heer, OHG. heri, Goth. harjis, and AS. beorgan to save, shelter, defend, G. bergen. See Harry, 2d Bury, and cf. Harbinger.]

1. A station for rest and entertainment; a place of security and comfort; a refuge; a shelter. [A grove] fair harbour that them seems. Spenser. For harbor at a thousand doors they knocked. Dryden.

2. Specif.: A lodging place; an inn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. (Astrol.)

Defn: The mansion of a heavenly body. [Obs.]

4. A portion of a sea, a lake, or other large body of water, either landlocked or artificially protected so as to be a place of safety for vessels in stormy weather; a port or haven.

5. (Glass Works)

Defn: A mixing box materials. Harbor dues (Naut.), fees paid for the use of a harbor. -- Harbor seal (Zoöl.), the common seal. -- Harbor watch, a watch set when a vessel is in port; an anchor watch.

HARBOR Har"bor, v. t. [Written also harbour.] [imp. & p. p. Harbored; p. pr. & vb. n. Harboring.] Etym: [OE. herberen, herberwen, herbergen; cf. Icel. herbergja. See Harbor, n.]

Defn: To afford lodging to; to enter as guest; to receive; to give a refuge to; indulge or cherish (a thought or feeling, esp. an ill thought). Any place that harbors men. Shak. The bare suspicion made it treason to harbor the person suspected. Bp. Burnet. Let not your gentle breast harbor one thought of outrage. Rowe.

HARBOR Har"bor, v. i.

Defn: To lodge, or abide for a time; to take shelter, as in a harbor. For this night let's harbor here in York. Shak.

HARBORAGE Har"bor*age, n.

Defn: Shelter; entertainment.[R.] Where can I get me harborage for the night Tennyson.

HARBORER Har"bor*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, harbors. Geneva was . . . a harborer of exiles for religion. Strype.

HARBORLESS Har"bor*less, a.

Defn: Without a harbor; shelterless.

HARBOR MASTER Har"bor mas`ter.

Defn: An officer charged with the duty of executing the regulations respecting the use of a harbor.

HARBOROUGH; HARBROUGH Har"bor*ough, Har"brough,Etym: [See Harbor.]

Defn: A shelter. [Obs]. Spenser.

HARBOROUS Har"bor*ous, a.

Defn: Hospitable. [Obs.]

HARD Hard, a. [Compar. Harder; superl. Hardest.] Etym: [OE. heard, AS. heard; akin to OS. & D. heard, G. hart, OHG. harti, Icel. har, Dan. haard, Sw. hård, Goth. hardus, Gr.,, strength, and also to E. -ard, as in coward, drunkard, -crat, -cracy in autocrat, democracy; cf. Skr. kratu strength, to do, make. Gf.Hardy.]

1. Not easily penetrated, cut, or separated into parts; not yielding to pressure; firm; solid; compact; -- applied to material bodies, and opposed to soft; as, hard wood; hard flesh; a hard apple.

2. Difficult, mentally or judicially; not easily apprehended, decided, or resolved; as a hard problem. The hard causes they brought unto Moses. Ex. xviii. 26. In which are some things hard to be understood. 2 Peter iii. 16.

3. Difficult to accomplish; full of obstacles; laborious; fatiguing; arduous; as, a hard task; a disease hard to cure.

4. Difficult to resist or control; powerful. The stag was too hard for the horse. L'Estrange. A power which will be always too hard for them. Addison.

5. Difficult to bear or endure; not easy to put up with or consent to; hence, severe; rigorous; oppressive; distressing; unjust; grasping; as, a hard lot; hard times; hard fare; a hard winter; hard conditions or terms. I never could drive a hard bargain. Burke.

6. Difficult to please or influence; stern; unyielding; obdurate; unsympathetic; unfeeling; cruel; as, a hard master; a hard heart; hard words; a hard character.

7. Not easy or agreeable to the taste; stiff; rigid; ungraceful; repelling; as, a hard style. Figures harder than even the marble itself. Dryden.

8. Rough; acid; sour, as liquors; as, hard cider.

9. (Pron.) Abrupt or explosive in utterance; not aspirated, sibilated, or pronounced with a gradual change of the organs from one position to another;- said of certain consonants, as c in came, and g in go, as distinguished from the same letters in center, general, etc.

10. Wanting softness or smoothness of utterance; harsh; as, a hard tone.

11. (Painting) (a) Rigid in the drawing or distribution of the figures; formal; lacking grace of composition. (b) Having disagreeable and abrupt contrasts in the coloring or light and shade. Hard cancer, Hard case, etc. See under Cancer, Case, etc. -- Hard clam, or Hard-shelled clam (Zoöl.), the guahog. -- Hard coal, anthracite, as distinguished from bituminous or soft coal. -- Hard and fast. (Naut.) See under Fast. -- Hard finish (Arch.), a smooth finishing coat of hard fine plaster applied to the surface of rough plastering. -- Hard lines, hardship; difficult conditions. -- Hard money, coin or specie, as distinguished from paper money. -- Hard oyster (Zoöl.), the northern native oyster. [Local, U. S.] - - Hard pan, the hard stratum of earth lying beneath the soil; hence, figuratively, the firm, substantial, fundamental part or quality of anything; as, the hard pan of character, of a matter in dispute, etc. See Pan. -- Hard rubber. See under Rubber. -- Hard solder. See under Solder. -- Hard water, water, which contains lime or some mineral substance rendering it unfit for washing. See Hardness, 3.- Hard wood, wood of a solid or hard texture; as walnut, oak, ash, box, and the like, in distinction from pine, poplar, hemlock, etc.- In hard condition, in excellent condition for racing; having firm muscles;-said of race horses.

Syn. -- Solid; arduous; powerful; trying; unyielding; stubborn; stern; flinty; unfeeling; harsh; difficult; severe; obdurate; rigid. See Solid, and Arduous.

HARD Hard, adv. Etym: [OE. harde, AS. hearde.]

1. With pressure; with urgency; hence, diligently; earnestly. And prayed so hard for mercy from the prince. Dryden. My father Is hard at study; pray now, rest yourself. Shak.

2. With difficulty; as, the vehicle moves hard.

3. Uneasily; vexatiously; slowly. Shak.

4. So as to raise difficulties. " The guestion is hard set". Sir T. Browne.

5. With tension or strain of the powers; violently; with force; tempestuously; vehemently; vigorously; energetically; as, to press, to blow, to rain hard; hence, rapidly; as, to run hard.

6. Close or near. Whose house joined hard to the synagogue. Acts xviii.7. Hard by, near by; close at hand; not far off. "Hard by a cottage chimney smokes." Milton. -- Hard pushed, Hard run, greatly pressed; as, he was hard pushed or hard run for time, money, etc. [Colloq.] -- Hard up, closely pressed by want or necessity; without money or resources; as, hard up for amusements. [Slang]

Note: Hard in nautical language is often joined to words of command to the helmsman, denoting that the order should be carried out with the utmost energy, or that the helm should be put, in the direction indicated, to the extreme limit, as, Hard aport! Hard astarboard! Hard alee! Hard aweather up! Hard is also often used in composition with a participle; as, hard-baked; hard-earned; hard-working; hard- won.

HARD Hard, v. t.

Defn: To harden; to make hard. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HARD Hard, n.

Defn: A ford or passage across a river or swamp.

HARDBAKE Hard"bake`, n.

Defn: A sweetmeat of boiled brown sugar or molasses made with almonds, and flavored with orange or lemon juice, etc. Thackeray.

HARDBEAM Hard"beam`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A tree of the genus Carpinus, of compact, horny texture; hornbeam.

HARDEN Hard"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hardened; p. pr. & vb. n. Hardening.] Etym: [OE. hardnen, hardenen.]

1. To make hard or harder; to make firm or compact; to indurate; as, to harden clay or iron.

2. To accustom by labor or suffering to endure with constancy; to strengthen; to stiffen; to inure; also, to confirm in wickedness or shame; to make unimpressionable. "Harden not your heart." Ps. xcv. 8. I would harden myself in sorrow. Job vi. 10.

HARDEN Hard"en, v. i.

1. To become hard or harder; to acquire solidity, or more compactness; as, mortar hardens by drying. The deliberate judgment of those who knew him [A. Lincoln] has hardened into tradition. The Century.

2. To become confirmed or strengthened, in either a good or a bad sense. They, hardened more by what might most reclaim. Milton.

HARDENED Hard"ened, a.

Defn: Made hard, or compact; made unfeeling or callous; made obstinate or obdurate; confirmed in error or vice.

Syn. -- Impenetrable; hard; obdurate; callous; unfeeling; unsusceptible; insensible. See Obdurate.

HARDENER Hard"en*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, hardens; specif., one who tempers tools.

HARDENING Hard"en*ing, n.

1. Making hard or harder.

2. That which hardens, as a material used for converting the surface of iron into steel.

HARDER Har"der, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South African mullet, salted for food.

HARDERIAN Har*de"ri*an, a. (Anat.)

Defn: A term applied to a lachrymal gland on the inner side of the orbit of many animals which have a third eyelid, or nictitating membrane. See Nictitating membrane, under Nictitate.

HARD-FAVORED Hard"-fa`vored, a.

Defn: Hard-featured; ill-looking; as, Vulcan was hard-favored. Dryden.

HARDFAVOREDNESS Hard"fa`vored*ness, n.

Defn: Coarseness of features.

HARD-FAVOREDNESS Hard"-fa`vored*ness, n.

Defn: Coarseness of features.

HARD-FEATURED Hard"-fea`tured, a

Defn: Having coarse, unattractive or stern features. Smollett.

HARDFERN Hard"fern`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of fern (Lomaria borealis), growing in Europe and Northwestern America.

HARD-FISTED Hard"-fist`ed, a.

1. Having hard or strong hands; as, a hard-fisted laborer.

2. Close-fisted; covetous; niggardly. Bp. Hall.

HARD-FOUGHT Hard"-fought`, a. Vigorously

Defn: contested; as, a hard-fought battle.

HARD GRASS Hard" grass` (. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several different grasses, especially to the Roltböllia incurvata, and to the species of Ægilops, from one of which it is contended that wheat has been derived.

HARDHACK Hard"hack` (, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A very astringent shrub (Spiræa tomentosa), common in pastures. The Potentilla fruticosa in also called by this name.

HARD-HANDED Hard"-hand`ed, a.

Defn: Having hard hands, as a manual laborer. Hard-handed men that work in Athens here. Shak.

HARDHEAD Hard"head`, n.

1. Clash or collision of heads in contest. Dryden.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) The menhaden. See Menhaden. [Local, U.S.] (b) Block's gurnard (Trigla gurnardus) of Europe. (c) A California salmon; the steelhead. (d) The gray whale. See Gray whale, under Gray. (e) A coarse American commercial sponge (Spongia dura).

HARD-HEADED Hard"-head`ed, a.

Defn: Having sound judgment; sagacious; shrewd. -- Hard"-head`ed*ness, n.

HARD-HEARTED Hard"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Unsympathetic; inexorable; cruel; pitiless. -- Hard"-heart`ed*ness, n.

HARDIHEAD Hard"i*head, n.

Defn: Hardihood. [Obs.]

HARDIHOOD Hard"i*hood, n. Etym: [Hardy + -hood.]

Defn: Boldness, united with firmness and constancy of mind; bravery; intrepidity; also, audaciousness; impudence. A bound of graceful hardihood. Wordsworth. It is the society of numbers which gives hardihood to iniquity. Buckminster.

Syn. -- Intrepidity; courage; pluck; resolution; stoutness; audacity; effrontery; impudence.

HARDILY Har"di*ly, adv.

1. Same as Hardly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Boldly; stoutly; resolutely. Wyclif.

HARDIMENT Har"di*ment, n. Etym: [OF. hardement. See Hardy.]

Defn: Hardihood; boldness; courage; energetic action. [Obs.] Changing hardiment with great Glendower. Shak.

HARDINESS Har"di*ness, n.

1. Capability of endurance.

2. Hardihood; boldness; firmness; assurance. Spenser. Plenty and peace breeds cowards; Hardness ever Of hardiness is mother. Shak. They who were not yet grown to the hardiness of avowing the contempt of the king. Clarendon.

3. Hardship; fatigue. [Obs.] Spenser.

HARDISH Hard"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat hard.

HARD-LABORED Hard"-la`bored, a.

Defn: Wrought with severe labor; elaborate; studied. Swift.

HARDLY Hard"ly, adv. Etym: [AS.heardlice. See Hand.]

1. In a hard or difficult manner; with difficulty. Recovering hardly what he lost before. Dryden.

2. Unwillingly; grudgingly. The House of Peers gave so hardly theiMilton.

3. Scarcely; barely; not guite; not wholly. Hardly shall you one so bad, but he desires the credit of being thought good. South.

4. Severely; harshly; roughly. He has in many things been hardly used. Swift.

5. Confidently; hardily. [Obs.] Holland.

6. Certainly; surely; indeed. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HARD-MOUTHED Hard"-mouthed`, a.

Defn: Not sensible to the bit; not easily governed; as, a hard- mouthed horse.

HARDNESS Hard"ness, n. Etym: [AS. heardness.]

1. The quality or state of being hard, literally or figuratively. The habit of authority also had given his manners some peremptory hardness. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Min.)

Defn: The cohesion of the particles on the surface of a body, determined by its capacity to scratch another, or be itself scratched;-measured among minerals on a scale of which diamond and talc form the extremes.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: The peculiar quality exhibited by water which has mineral salts dissolved in it. Such water forms an insoluble compound with soap, and is hence unfit for washing purposes.

Note: This quality is caused by the presence of calcium carbonate, causing temporary hardness which can be removed by boiling, or by calcium sulphate, causing permanent hardness which can not be so removed, but may be improved by the addition of sodium carbonate.

HARDOCK Har"dock, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Hordock.

HARDPAN Hard"pan`, n.

Defn: The hard substratum. Same as Hard pan, under Hard, a.

HARDS Hards, n. pl. Etym: [OE. herdes, AS. heordan; akin to G. hede.]

Defn: The refuse or coarse part of fiax; tow.

HARD-SHELL Hard"-shell`, a.

Defn: Unyielding; insensible to argument; uncompromising; strict. [Collog., U.S.]

HARDSHIP Hard"ship, n.

Defn: That which is hard to hear, as toil, privation, injury, injustice, etc. Swift.

HARDSPUN Hard"spun`, a.

Defn: Firmly twisted in spinning.

HARD STEEL Hard steel.

Defn: Steel hardened by the addition of other elements, as manganese, phosphorus, or (usually) carbon.

HARD-TACK Hard"-tack`, n.

Defn: A name given by soldiers and sailors to a kind of hard biscuit or sea bread.

HARDTAIL Hard"tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Jurel.

HARD-VISAGED Hard"-vis`aged, a.

Defn: Of a harsh or stern countenance; hard-featured. Burke.

HARDWARE Hard"ware`, n.

Defn: Ware made of metal, as cutlery, kitchen utensils, and the like; ironmongery.

HARDWAREMAN Hard"ware`man, n.; pl. Hardwaremen (.

Defn: One who makes, or deals in, hardware.

HARDY Har"dy, a. [Compar. Hardier; superl. Hardiest.] Etym: [F.hardi, p. p. fr. OF. hardir to make bold; of German origin, cf. OHG. hertan to harden, G. härten. See Hard, a.]

1. Bold; brave; stout; daring; resolue; intrepid. Hap helpeth hardy man alway. Chaucer.

2. Confident; full of assurance; in a bad sense, morally hardened; shameless.

3. Strong; firm; compact. [A] blast may shake in pieces his hardy fabric. South.

4. Inured to fatigue or hardships; strong; capable of endurance; as, a hardy veteran; a hardy mariner.

5. Able to withstand the cold of winter.

Note: Plants which are hardy in Virginia may perish in New England. Half-hardy plants are those which are able to withstand mild winters or moderate frosts.

HARDY Har"dy, n.

Defn: A blacksmith's fuller or chisel, having a square shank for insertion into a square hole in an anvil, called the hardy hole.

HARE Hare, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Harry, Harass.]

Defn: To excite; to tease, or worry; to harry. [Obs.] Locke.

HARE Hare, n. Etym: [AS. hara; akin to D. haas, G. hase, OHG. haso, Dan. æ Sw. hare, Icel. h, Skr. .

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A rodent of the genus Lepus, having long hind legs, a short tail, and a divided upper lip. It is a timid animal, moves swiftly by leaps, and is remarkable for its fecundity.

Note: The species of hares are numerous. The common European hare is Lepustimidus. The northern or varying hare of America (L. Americanus), and the prairie hare (L. campestris), turn white in winter. In America, the various species of hares are commonly called rabbits.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A small constellation situated south of and under the foot of Orion; Lepus. Hare and hounds, a game played by men and boys, two, called hares, having a few minutes' start, and scattering bits of paper to indicate their course, being chased by the others, called the hounds, through a wide circuit. -- Hare kangaroo (Zoöl.)., a small Australian kangaroo (Lagorchestes Leporoides), resembling the hare in size and color, -- Hare's lettuce (Bot.), a plant of the genus Sonchus, or sow thistle; -- so called because hares are said to eat it when fainting with heat. Dr. Prior. -- Jumping hare. (Zoöl.) See under Jumping. -- Little chief hare, or Crying hare. (Zoöl.) See Chief hare. -- Sea hare. (Zoöl.) See Aplysia.

HAREBELL Hare"bell`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A small, slender, branching plant (Campanula rotundifolia), having blue bell-shaped flowers; also, Scilla nutans, which has similar flowers; -- called also bluebell. [Written also hairbell.] E'en the light harebell raised its head. Sir W. Scott .

HAREBRAINED; HARE BRAINED Hare"brained`', a.

Defn: Wild; giddy; volatile; heedless. "A mad hare-brained fellow." North (Plutarch). [Written also hairbrained.]

HAREFOOT Hare"foot`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A long, narrow foot, carried (that is, produced or extending) forward; -- said of dogs.

2. (Bot)

Defn: A tree (Ochroma Laqopus) of the West Indies, having the stamens united somewhat in the form of a hare's foot. Harefoot clover (Bot.), a species of clover (Trifolium arvense) with soft and silky heads.

HARE-HEARTED Hare"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Timorous; timid; easily frightened. Ainsworth.

HAREHOUND Hare"hound`, n.

Defn: See Harrier. A. Chalmers.

HARELD Har"eld, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The long-tailed duck. See Old Squaw.

HARELIP Hare"lip`, n.

Defn: A lip, commonly the upper one, having a fissure of perpendicular division like that of a hare. -- Hare"lipped`, a.

HAREM Ha"rem, n.Etym: [Ar.haram, orig., anything forbidden of sacred, fr. harama to forbid, prohibit.] Etym: [Written also haram and hareem.]

1. The apartments or portion of the house allotted to females in Mohammedan families.

2. The family of wives and concubines belonging to one man, in Mohammedan countries; a seraglio.

HARENGIFORM Ha*ren"gi*form, a. Etym: [F. hareng herring (LL.harengus) + -form.]

Defn: Herring-shaped.

HARE'S-EAR Hare's"-ear`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An umbelliferous plant (Bupleurum rotundifolium ); -- so named from the shape of its leaves. Dr. Prior.

HARE'S-FOOT FERN Hare's"-foot` fern`. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of fern (Davallia Canariensis) with a soft, gray, hairy rootstock; -- whence the name.

HARE'S-TAIL Hare's"-tail` (-tal`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of grass (Eriophorum vaginatum). See Cotton grass, under Cotton. Hare's-tail grass (Bot.), a species of grass (Lagurus ovatus) whose head resembles a hare's tail.

HARFANG Har"fang, n. Etym: [See Hare, n., and Fang.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The snowy owl.

HARIALI GRASS Ha`ri*a"li grass`. (Bot.)

Defn: The East Indian name of the Cynodon Dactylon; dog's-grass.

HARICOT Har"i*cot, n. Etym: [F.]

1. A ragout or stew of meat with beans and other vegetables.

2. The ripe seeds, or the unripe pod, of the common string bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), used as a vegetable. Other species of the same genus furnish different kinds of haricots.

HARIER Har"i*er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Harrier.

HARIKARI Ha"ri*ka`ri, n.

Defn: See Hara-kiri.

HARIOLATION Har`i*o*la"tion, n. Etym: [See Ariolation.]

Defn: Prognostication; soothsaying. [Obs.] Cockeram.

HARISH Har"ish, a.

Defn: Like a hare. [R.] Huloet.

HARK Hark, v. i. Etym: [OE. herken. See Hearken.]

Defn: To listen; to hearken. [Now rare, except in the imperative form used as an interjection, Hark! listen.] Hudibras. Hark away! Hark back! Hark forward! (Sporting), cries used to incite and guide hounds in hunting. -- To hark back, to go back for a fresh start, as when one has wandered from his direct course, or made a digression. He must have overshot the mark, and must hark back. Haggard. He harked back to the subject. W. E. Norris.

HARKEN Hark"en, v. t. & i.

Defn: To hearken. Tennyson.

HARL Harl, n. Etym: [Cf. OHG. harluf noose, rope; E. hards refuse of flax.]

1. A filamentous substance; especially, the filaments of flax or hemp.

2. A barb, or barbs, of a fine large feather, as of a peacock or ostrich, -- used in dressing artificial flies. [Written also herl.]

HARLE Harle, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The red-breasted merganser.

HARLECH GROUP Har"lech group`. Etym: [ So called from Harlech in Wales.] (Geol.)

Defn: A minor subdivision at the base of the Cambrian system in Wales.

HARLEQUIN Har"le*quin, n. Etym: [F. arlequin,formerly written also harlequin (cf. It, arlecchino), prob. fr. OF. hierlekin, hellequin, goblin, elf, which is prob. of German or Dutch origin; cf. D. hel hell. Cf. Hell, Kin.]

Defn: A buffoon, dressed in party-colored clothes, who plays tricks, often without speaking, to divert the bystanders or an audience; a merry-andrew; originally, a droll rogue of Italian comedy. Percy Smith. As dumb harlequin is exhibited in our theaters. Johnson. Harlequin bat (Zoöl.), an Indian bat (Scotophilus ornatus), curiously variegated with white spots. -- Harlequin beetle (Zoöl.), a very large South American beetle (Acrocinus longimanus) having very long legs and antennæ. The elytra are curiously marked with red, black, and gray. -- Harlequin cabbage bug. (Zoöl.) See Calicoback. -- Harlequin caterpillar. (Zoöl.), the larva of an American bombycid moth (Euchætes egle) which is covered with black, white, yellow, and orange tufts of hair. -- Harlequin duck (Zoöl.), a North American duck (Histrionicus histrionicus). The male is dark ash, curiously streaked with white. -- Harlequin moth. (Zoöl.) See Magpie Moth. -- Harlequin opal. See Opal. -- Harlequin snake (Zoöl.), a small, poisonous snake (Elaps fulvius), ringed with red and black, found in the Southern United States.

HARLEQUIN Har"le*quin, n. i.

Defn: To play the droll; to make sport by playing ludicrous tricks.

HARLEQUIN Har"le*quin, v. t.

Defn: Toremove or conjure away, as by a harlequin's trick. And kitten,if the humor hit Has harlequined away the fit. M. Green.

HARLEQUINADE Har"le*quin*ade`, n. Etym: [F. arleguinade.]

Defn: A play or part of play in which the harlequin is conspicuous; the part of a harlequin. Macaulay.

HARLOCK Har"lock, n.

Defn: Probably a corruption either of charlock or hardock. Drayton.

HARLOT Har"lot, n. Etym: [OE.harlot, herlot, a vagabond, OF. harlot, herlot, arlot; cf. Pr. arlot, Sp. arlote, It. arlotto; of uncertain origin.]

1. A churl; a common man; a person, male or female, of low birth. [Obs.] He was a gentle harlot and a kind. Chaucer.

2. A person given to low conduct; a rogue; a cheat; a rascal. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. A woman who prostitutes her body for hire; a prostitute; a common woman; a strumpet.

HARLOT Har"lot, a.

Defn: Wanton; lewd; low; base. Shak.

HARLOT Har"lot, v. i.

Defn: To play the harlot; to practice lewdness. Milton.

HARLOTIZE Har"lot*ize, v. i.

Defn: To harlot. [Obs.] Warner.

HARLOTRY Har"lot*ry, n.

1. Ribaldry; buffoonery; a ribald story. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Chaucer.

2. The trade or practice of prostitution; habitual or customary lewdness. Dryden.

3. Anything meretricious; as, harlotry in art.

4. A harlot; a strumpet; a baggage. [Obs.] He sups to-night with a harlotry. Shak.

HARM Harm, n. Etym: [OE.harm, hearm, AS.hearm; akin to OS. harm, G. harm grief, Icel. harmr, Dan. harme, Sw. harm; cf. OSlav. & Russ. sram' shame, Skr. crama toil, fatigue.]

1. Injury; hurt; damage; detriment; misfortune.

2. That which causes injury, damage, or loss. We, ignorant of ourselves, Beg often our own harms. Shak.

Syn. -- Mischief; evil; loss; injury. See Mischief.

HARM Harm, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Harming.] Etym: [OE. harmen, AS. hearmian. See Harm, n.]

Defn: To hurt; to injure; to damage; to wrong. Though yet he never harmed me. Shak. No ground of enmity between us known Why he should mean me ill or seek to harm. Milton.

HARMALINE Har"ma*line, n. Etym: [Cf. F. harmaline See Harmel.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid found in the plant Peganum harmala. It forms bitter, yellow salts.

HARMATTAN Har*mat"tan, n. Etym: [F. harmattan, prob. of Arabic origin.]

Defn: A dry, hot wind, prevailing on the Atlantic coast of Africa, in December, January, and February, blowing from the interior or Sahara. It is usually accompanied by a haze which obscures the sun.

HARMEL Har"mel, n. Etym: [Ar. harmal.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of rue (Ruta sylvestris) growing in India. At Lahore the seeds are used medicinally and for fumigation.

HARMFUL Harm"ful, a.

Defn: Full of harm; injurious; hurtful; mischievous. " Most harmful hazards." Strype. --Harm"ful*ly, adv. -- Harm"ful*ness, n.

HARMINE Har"mine, n.Etym: [See Harmaline.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid accompanying harmaline (in the Peganum harmala), and obtained from it by oxidation. It is a white crystalline substance.

HARMLESS Harm"less, a.

1. Free from harm; unhurt; as, to give bond to save another harmless.

2. Free from power or disposition to harm; innocent; inoffensive. " The harmless deer." Drayton

Syn. -- Innocent; innoxious; innocuous; inoffensive; unoffending; unhurt; uninjured; unharmed. --Harm"less*ly, adv.- Harm"less*ness, n.

HARMONIC; HARMONICAL Har*mon"ic, Har*mon"ic*al (, a. Etym: [L. harmonicus, Gr. harmonique. See Harmony.]

1. Concordant; musical; consonant; as, harmonic sounds. Harmonic twang! of leather, horn, and brass. Pope.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: Relating to harmony, -- as melodic relates to melody; harmonious; esp., relating to the accessory sounds or overtones which accompany the predominant and apparent single tone of any string or sonorous body.

3. (Math.)

Defn: Having relations or properties bearing some resemblance to those of musical consonances; -- said of certain numbers, ratios, proportions, points, lines. motions, and the like. Harmonic interval (Mus.), the distance between two notes of a chord, or two consonant notes. -- Harmonical mean (Arith. & Alg.), certain relations of numbers and quantities, which bear an analogy to musical consonances. -- Harmonic motion, the motion of the point A, of the foot of the perpendicular PA, when P moves uniformly in the circumference of a circle, and PA is drawn perpendicularly upon a fixed diameter of the circle. This is simple harmonic motion. The combinations, in any way, of two more simple harmonic motions, make other kinds of harmonic motion. The motion of the pendulum bob of a clock is approximately simple harmonic motion. -- Harmonic proportion. See under Proportion. -- Harmonic series or progression. See under Progression. -- Spherical harmonic analysis, a mathematical method, sometimes referred to as that of Laplace's Coefficients, which has for its object the expression of an arbitrary, periodic function of two independent variables, in the proper form for a large class of physical problems, involving arbitrary data, over a spherical surface, and the deduction of solutions for every point of space. The functions employed in this method are called spherical harmonic functions. Thomson & Tait. -- Harmonic suture (Anat.), an articulation by simple apposition of comparatively smooth surfaces or edges, as between the two superior maxillary bones in man; -- called also harmonic, and harmony. -- Harmonic triad (Mus.), the chord of a note with its third and fifth; the common chord.

HARMONIC Har*mon"ic, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A musical note produced by a number of vibrations which is a multiple of the number producing some other; an overtone. See Harmonics.

HARMONICA Har*mon"i*ca, n. Etym: [Fem. fr. L. harmonicus harmonic. See Harmonic, n. ]

1. A musical instrument, consisting of a series of hemispherical glasses which, by touching the edges with the dampened finger, give forth the tones.

2. A toy instrument of strips of glass or metal hung on two tapes, and struck with hammers.

HARMONICALLY Har* mon"ic*al*ly, adv.

1. In an harmonical manner; harmoniously.

2. In respect to harmony, as distinguished from melody; as, a passage harmonically correct.

3. (Math.)

Defn: In harmonical progression.

HARMONICON Har*mon"i*con, n.

Defn: A small, flat, wind instrument of music, in which the notes are produced by the vibration of free metallic reeds.

HARMONICS Har*mon"ics, n.

1. The doctrine or science of musical sounds.

2. pl. (Mus.)

Defn: Secondary and less distinct tones which accompany any principal, and apparently simple, tone, as the octave, the twelfth, the fifteenth, and the seventeenth. The name is also applied to the artificial tones produced by a string or column of air, when the impulse given to it suffices only to make a part of the string or column vibrate; overtones.

HARMONIOUS Har*mo"ni*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. harmonieux. See Harmony.]

1. Adapted to each other; having parts proportioned to each other; symmetrical. God hath made the intellectual world harmonious and beautiful without us. Locke.

2. Acting together to a common end; agreeing in action or feeling; living in peace and friendship; as, an harmonious family.

3. Vocally or musically concordant; agreeably consonant; symphonious. -- Har*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. -- Har*mo"ni*ous*ness, n.

HARMONIPHON Har*mon"i*phon, n. Etym: [Gr. (Mus.)

Defn: An obsolete wind instrument with a keyboard, in which the sound, which resembled the oboe, was produced by the vibration of thin metallic plates, acted upon by blowing through a tube.

HARMONIST Har"mo*nist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. harmoniste.]

1. One who shows the agreement or harmony of corresponding passages of different authors, as of the four evangelists.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: One who understands the principles of harmony or is skillful in applying them in composition; a musical composer.

HARMONIST; HARMONITE Har"mo*nist, Har"mo*nite, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a religious sect, founded in Würtemburg in the last century, composed of followers of George Rapp, a weaver. They had all their property in common. In 1803, a portion of this sect settled in Pennsylvania and called the village thus established, Harmony.

HARMONIUM Har*mo"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Harmony. ]

Defn: A musical instrument, resembling a small organ and especially designed for church music, in which the tones are produced by forcing air by means of a bellows so as to cause the vibration of free metallic reeds. It is now made with one or two keyboards, and has pedals and stops.

HARMONIZATION Har`mo*ni*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of harmonizing.

HARMONIZE Har"mo*nize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Harmonized; p. pr. & vb. n. Harmonizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. harmoniser. ]

1. To agree in action, adaptation, or effect on the mind; to agree in sense or purport; as, the parts of a mechanism harmonize.

2. To be in peace and friendship, as individuals, families, or public organizations.

3. To agree in vocal or musical effect; to form a concord; as, the tones harmonize perfectly.

HARMONIZE Har"mo*nize, v. t.

1. To adjust in fit proportions; to cause to agree; to show the agreement of; to reconcile the apparent contradiction of.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: To accompany with harmony; to provide with parts, as an air, or melody.

HARMONIZER Har"mo*ni`zer, n.

Defn: One who harmonizes.

HARMONOMETER Har`mo*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. meter: cf. F. harmonometre.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the harmonic relations of sounds. It is often a monochord furnished with movable bridges.

HARMONY Har"mo*ny, n.; pl. Harmonies. Etym: [ F.harmonic, L. harmonia, Gr. Article. ]

1. The just adaptation of parts to each other, in any system or combination of things, or in things, or things intended to form a connected whole; such an agreement between the different parts of a design or composition as to produce unity of effect; as, the harmony of the universe.

2. Concord or agreement in facts, opinions, manners, interests, etc.; good correspondence; peace and friendship; as, good citizens live in harmony.

3. A literary work which brings together or arranges systematically parallel passages of historians respecting the same events, and shows their agreement or consistency; as, a harmony of the Gospels.

4. (Mus.) (a) A succession of chords according to the rules of progression and modulation. (b) The science which treats of their construction and progression. Ten thousand harps, that tuned Angelic harmonies. Milton.

5. (Anat.)

Defn: See Harmonic suture, under Harmonic. Close harmony, Dispersed harmony, etc. See under Close, Dispersed, etc. -- Harmony of the spheres. See Music of the spheres, under Music.

Syn. -- Harmony, Melody. Harmony results from the concord of two or more strains or sounds which differ in pitch and quality. Melody denotes the pleasing alternation and variety of musical and measured sounds, as they succeed each other in a single verse or strain.

HARMOST Har"most, n. Etym: [Gr. , fr. harmoste. See Harmony.] (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A governor or prefect appointed by the Spartans in the cities subjugated by them.

HARMOTOME Har"mo*tome, n. Etym: [Gr. harmotome.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous silicate of alumina and baryta, occurring usually in white cruciform crystals; cross-stone.

Note: A related mineral, called lime harmotome, and Phillipsite, contains lime in place of baryta. Dana.

HARNESS Har"ness, n. Etym: [OE. harneis, harnes, OF.harneis, F. harnais, harnois; of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. harnez old iron, armor, W. haiarn iron, Armor. houarn, Ir. iarann, Gael. iarunn. Gf. Iron.]

1. Originally, the complete dress, especially in a military sense, of a man or a horse; hence, in general, armor. At least we 'll die witch harness on our back. Shak.

2. The equipment of a draught or carriage horse, for drawing a wagon, coach, chaise, etc.; gear; tackling.

3. The part of a loom comprising the heddles, with their means of support and motion, by which the threads of the warp are alternately raised and depressed for the passage of the shuttle. To die in harness, to die with armor on; hence, colloquially, to die while actively engaged in work or duty.

HARNESS Har"ness, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harnessed; p. pr. & vb. n. Harnessing.] Etym: [OE. harneisen; cf. F. harnacher, OF. harneschier.]

1. To dress in armor; to equip with armor for war, as a horseman; to array. Harnessed in rugged steel. Rowe. A gay dagger, Harnessed well and sharp as point of spear. Chaucer.

2. Fig.: To equip or furnish for defense. Dr. H. More.

3. To make ready for draught; to equip with harness, as a horse. Also used figuratively. Harnessed to some regular profession. J. C. Shairp. Harnessed antelope. (Zoöl.) See Guib. -- Harnessed moth (Zoöl.), an American bombycid moth (Arctia phalerata of Harris), having, on the fore wings, stripes and bands of buff on a black ground.

HARNESS CASK Har"ness cask`. (Naut.)

Defn: A tub lashed to a vessel's deck and containing salted provisions for daily use; -- called also harness tub. W. C. Russell.

HARNESSER Har"ness*er, n.

Defn: One who harnesses.

HARNS Harns, n. pl. Etym: [Akin to Icel.hjarni, Dan. hierne.]

Defn: The brains. [Scot.]

HARP Harp, n. Etym: [OE. harpe, AS. hearpe; akin to D. harp, G.harfe, OHG. harpha, Dan. harpe, Icel. & Sw. harpa.]

1. A musical instrument consisting of a triangular frame furnished with strings and sometimes with pedals, held upright, and played with the fingers.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A constellation; Lyra, or the Lyre.

3. A grain sieve. [Scot.] Æolian harp. See under Æolian. Harp seal (Zoöl.), an arctic seal (Phoca Groenlandica). The adult males have a light-colored body, with a harp-shaped mark of black on each side, and the face and throat black. Called also saddler, and saddleback. The immature ones are called bluesides. -- Harp shell (Zoöl.), a beautiful marine gastropod shell of the genus Harpa, of several species, found in tropical seas. See Harpa.

HARP Harp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Harped p. pr. & vb. n. Harping.] Etym: [AS. hearpian. See Harp, n.]

1. To play on the harp. I heard the voice of harpers, harping with their harps. Rev. xiv. 2.

2. To dwell on or recur to a subject tediously or monotonously in speaking or in writing; to refer to something repeatedly or continually; -- usually with on or upon. "Harpings upon old themes." W. Irving. Harping on what I am, Not what he knew I was. Shak. To harp on one string, to dwell upon one subject with disagreeable or wearisome persistence. [Collog.]

HARP Harp, v. t.

Defn: To play on, as a harp; to play (a tune) on the harp; to develop or give expression to by skill and art; to sound forth as from a harp; to hit upon. Thou 'harped my fear aright. Shak.

HARPA Har"pa, n. Etym: [L., harp.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine univalve shells; the harp shells; -- so called from the form of the shells, and their ornamental ribs.

HARPAGON Har"pa*gon, n Etym: [L. harpago, Gr.

Defn: A grappling iron. [Obs.]

HARPER Harp"er, n. Etym: [AS. hearpere.]

1. A player on the harp; a minstrel. The murmuring pines and the hemlocks . . . Stand like harpers hoar, with beards that rest on their bosoms. Longfellow.

2. A brass coin bearing the emblem of a harp, -- formerly current in Ireland. B. Jonson.

HARPING Harp"ing, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the harp; as, harping symphonies. Milton.

HARPING IRON Harp"ing i`ron. Etym: [F.harper to grasp strongly. See Harpoon.]

Defn: A harpoon. Evelyn.

HARPINGS Harp"ings, n. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: The fore parts of the wales, which encompass the bow of a vessel, and are fastened to the stem. [Written also harpins.] Totten.

HARPIST Harp"ist, n. Etym: [Gf. F. harpiste.]

Defn: A player on the harp; a harper. W. Browne.

HARPOON Har*poon", n. Etym: [F. harpon, LL. harpo, perh. of Ger. origin, fr. the harp; cf. F. harper to take and grasp strongly, harpe a dog's claw, harpin boathook (the sense of hook coming from the shape of the harp); but cf. also Gr. harpy. Cf. Harp.]

Defn: A spear or javelin used to strike and kill large fish, as whales; a harping iron. It consists of a long shank, with a broad, fiat, triangular head, sharpened at both edges, and is thrown by hand, or discharged from a gun. Harpoon fork, a kind of hayfork, consisting of bar with hinged barbs at one end a loop for a rope at the other end, used for lifting hay from the load by horse power. -- Harpoon gun, a gun used in the whale fishery for shooting the harpoon into a whale.

HARPOON Har*poon", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harpooned; p. pr. & vb. n. Harpooning.]

Defn: To strike, catch, or kill with a harpoon.

HARPOONEER Har`poon*eer`, n.

Defn: An harpooner. Grabb.

HARPOONER Har*poon`er, n. Etym: [Gf. F. harponneur.]

Defn: One who throws the harpoon.

HARPRESS Harp`ress, n.

Defn: A female harper. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

HARPSICHON Harp"si*chon, n.

Defn: A harpsichord. [Obs.]

HARPSICHORD Harp"si*chord, n. Etym: [OF. harpechorde, in which the harpe is of German origin. See Harp, and Chord.] (Mus.)

Defn: A harp-shaped instrument of music set horizontally on legs, like the grand piano, with strings of wire, played by the fingers, by means of keys provided with quills, instead of hammers, for striking the strings. It is now superseded by the piano.

HARPY Har"py, n.; pl. Harpies. Etym: [F. harpie, L. harpyia, Gr. Rapacious.]

1. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: A fabulous winged monster, ravenous and filthy, having the face of a woman and the body of a vulture, with long claws, and the face pale with hunger. Some writers mention two, others three. Both table and provisions vanished guite. With sound of harpies' wings and talons heard. Milton.

2. One who is rapacious or ravenous; an extortioner. The harpies about all pocket the pool. Goldsmith.

3. (Zoöl.) (a) The European moor buzzard or marsh harrier (Circus æruginosus). (b) A large and powerful, double-crested, short-winged American eagle (Thrasaëtus harpyia). It ranges from Texas to Brazil. Harpy bat (Zoöl.) (a) An East Indian fruit bat of the genus Harpyia (esp. H. cerphalotes), having prominent, tubular nostrils. (b) A small, insectivorous Indian bat (Harpiocephalus harpia). Harpy fly (Zoöl.), the house fly.

HARQUEBUS; HARQUEBUSE Har"que*bus, Har"que*buse, n. Etym: [See Arquebus.]

Defn: A firearm with match holder, trigger, and tumbler, made in the second half of the 15th century. the barrel was about forty inches long. A form of the harquebus was subsequently called arquebus with matchlock.

HARRAGE Har"rage v. t.. Etym: [See Harry.]

Defn: To harass; to plunder from. [Obs.] Fuller.

HARRE Har"re, n. Etym: [OE., fr. AS. heorr, hior.]

Defn: A hinge. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HARRIDAN Har"ri*dan, n. Etym: [F. haridelle a worn-out horse, jade.]

Defn: A worn-out strumpet; a vixenish woman; a hag. Such a weak, watery, wicked old harridan, substituted for the pretty creature I had been used to see. De Quincey.

HARRIER Har"ri*er, n. Etym: [From Hare, n.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a small breed of hounds, used for hunting hares. [Written also harier.]

HARRIER Har"ri*er, n. Etym: [From Harry.]

1. One who harries.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of hawks or buzzards of the genus Circus which fly low and harry small animals or birds, -- as the European marsh harrier (Circus ærunginosus), and the hen harrier (C. cyaneus). Harrier hawk(Micrastur.

HARROW Har"row, n. Etym: [OE. harowe, harwe, AS. hearge; cf. D. hark rake, G. harke, Icel. herfi harrow, Dan. harve, Sw. harf.

1. An implement of agriculture, usually formed of pieces of timber or metal crossing each other, and set with iron or wooden teeth. It is drawn over plowed land to level it and break the clods, to stir the soil and make it fine, or to cover seed when sown.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: An obstacle formed by turning an ordinary harrow upside down, the frame being buried. Bush harrow, a kind of light harrow made of bushes, for harrowing grass lands and covering seeds, or to finish the work of a toothed harrow. -- Drill harrow. See under 6th Drill. -- Under the harrow, subjected to actual torture with a toothed instrument, or to great affliction or oppression.

HARROW Har"row, v. t.. [imp. & p. p. Harrowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Harrowing.] Etym: [OE. harowen, harwen; cf. Dan. harve. See Harrow, n.]

1. To draw a harrow over, as for the purpose of breaking clods and leveling the surface, or for covering seed; as, to harrow land. Will he harrow the valleys after thee Job xxxix. 10.

2. To break or tear, as with a harrow; to wound; to lacerate; to torment or distress; to vex. My aged muscles harrowed up with whips. Rowe. I could a tale unfold, whose lightest word Would harrow up thy soul. Shak.

HARROW Har"row, interj. Etym: [OF. harau, haro; fr. OHG. hara, hera, herot, or fr. OS. herod hither, akin to E. here.]

Defn: Help! Halloo! An exclamation of distress; a call for succor;- the ancient Norman hue and cry. "Harrow and well away!" Spenser. Harrow! alas! here lies my fellow slain. Chaucer.

HARROW Har"row, v. t.. Etym: [See Harry.]

Defn: To pillage; to harry; to oppress. [Obs.] Spenser. Meaning thereby to harrow his people. Bacon

HARROWER Har"row*er, n.

Defn: One who harrows.

HARROWER Har"row*er, n.

Defn: One who harries. [Obs.]

HARRY Har"ry, v. t.. [imp. & p. p. Harried( ); p. pr. & vb. n. Harrying.] Etym: [OF. harwen, herien, her, AS. hergisn to act as an army, to ravage, plunder, fr. here army; akin to G. here army; akin to G. heer, Icel. herr, Goth. harjis, and Lith. karas war. Gf. Harbor, Herald, Heriot.]

1. To strip; to lay waste; as, the Northmen came several times and harried the land. To harry this beautiful region. W. Irving. A red squirrel had harried the nest of a wood thrush. J. Burroughs.

2. To agitate; to worry; to harrow; to harass. Shak.

Syn. -- To ravage; plunder; pillage; lay waste; vex; tease; worry; annoy; harass.

HARRY Har"ry, v. i..

Defn: To make a predatory incursion; to plunder or lay waste. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

HARSH Harsh, a. [Compar. Harsher; superl. Harshest.] Etym: [OE. harsk; akin to G. harsch, Dan. harsk rancid, Sw. härsk; from the same source as E. hard. See Hard, a.]

1. Rough; disagreeable; grating; esp.:(a) To the touch."Harsh sand." Boyle. (b) To the taste. "Berries harsh and crude." Milton. (c) To the ear. "Harsh din." Milton.

2. Unpleasant and repulsive to the sensibilities; austere; crabbed; morose; abusive; abusive; severe; rough. Clarence is so harsh, so blunt. Shak. Though harsh the precept, yet the charmed. Dryden.

3. (Painting, Drawing, etc.)

Defn: Having violent contrasts of color, or of light and shade; lacking in harmony.

HARSHLY Harsh"ly, adv.

Defn: In a harsh manner; gratingly; roughly; rudely. 'T will sound harshly in her ears. Shak.

HARSHNESS Harsh"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being harsh. O, she is Ten times more gentle than her father 's crabbed, And he's composed of harshness. Shak. 'Tis not enough no harshness gives offense, The sound must seem an echo to the sense. Pope.

Syn. -- Acrimony; roughness; sternness; asperity; tartness. See Acrimony.

HARSLET Hars"let, n.

Defn: See Haslet.

HART Hart, n. Etym: [OE.hart, hert, heort, AS. heort, heorot; akin to D. hert, OHG. hiruz, hirz, G. hirsch, Icel. hjörtr, Dan. & Sw. hjort, L. cervus, and prob. to Gr.Horn.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A stag; the male of the red deer. See the Note under Buck. Goodliest of all the forest, hart and hind. Milton.

HARTBEEST Hart"beest`, n. Etym: [D. hertebeest. See Hart, and Beast.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large South African antelope (Alcelaphus caama), formerly much more abundant than it is now. The face and legs are marked with black, the rump with white. [Written also hartebeest, and hartebest.]

HARTEN Hart"en, v. t.

Defn: To hearten; to encourage; to incite. [Obs.] Spenser.

HARTFORD Hart"ford, n.

Defn: The Hartford grape, a variety of grape first raised at Hartford, Connecticut, from the Northern fox grape. Its large dark- colored berries ripen earlier than those of most other kinds.

HART'S CLOVER Hart's` clo`ver. (Bot.)

Defn: Melilot or sweet clover. See Melilot.

HART'S-EAR Hart's`-ear`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An Asiatic species of Cacalia (C. Kleinia), used medicinally in India.

HARTSHORN Harts"horn`, n.

1. The horn or antler of the hart, or male red deer.

2. Spirits of hartshorn (see below); volatile salts. Hartshorn plantain (Bot.), an annual species of plantain (Plantago Coronopus); -- called also duck's-horn. Booth. -- Hartshorn shavings, originally taken from the horns of harts, are now obtained chiefly by planing down the bones of calves. They afford a kind of jelly. Hebert. -- Salt of hartshorn (Chem.), an impure solid carbonate of ammonia, obtained by the destructive distillation of hartshorn, or any kind of bone; volatile salts. Brande & C.-- Spirits of hartshorn (Chem.), a solution of ammonia in water; -- so called because formerly obtained from hartshorn shavings by destructive distillation. Similar ammoniacal solutions from other sources have received the same name.

HART-TONGUE; HART'S-TONGUE Hart"-tongue`, Hart's"-tongue`, n. (Bot.) (a) A common British fern (Scolopendrium vulgare), rare in America. (b) A West Indian fern, the Polypodium Phyllitidis of Linnæus. It is also found in Florida.

HARTWORT Hart"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A coarse umbelliferous plant of Europe (Tordylium maximum).

Note: The name is often vaguely given to other plants of the same order, as species of Seseli and Bupleurum.

HARUM-SCARUM Har"um-scar"um, a. Etym: [Cf. hare,v. t., and scare, v. t.]

Defn: Wild; giddy; flighty; rash; thoughtless. [Colloq.] They had a quarrel with Sir Thomas Newcome's own son, a harum-scarum lad. Thackeray.

HARUSPICATION Ha*rus`pi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: See Haruspicy. Tylor.

HARUSPICE Ha*rus"pice, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. haruspex.]

Defn: A diviner of ancient Rome. Same as Aruspice.

HARUSPICY Ha*rus"pi*cy, n.

Defn: The art or practices of haruspices. See Aruspicy.

HARVEST Har"vest, n. Etym: [OE. harvest, hervest, AS. hærfest autumn; akin to LG. harfst, D. herfst, OHG. herbist, G. herbst, and prob. to L. carpere to pluck, Gr. Carpet.]

1. The gathering of a crop of any kind; the ingathering of the crops; also, the season of gathering grain and fruits, late summer or early autumn. Seedtime and harvest . . . shall not cease. Gen viii. 22. At harvest, when corn is ripe. Tyndale.

2. That which is reaped or ready to be reaped or gath Put ye in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe. Joel iii. 13. To glean the broken ears after the man That the main harvest reaps. Shak.

3. The product or result of any exertion or labor; gain; reward. The pope's principal harvest was in the jubilee. Fuller. The harvest of a quiet eye. Wordsworth. Harvest fish (Zoöl.), a marine fish of the Southern United States (Stromateus alepidotus); -- called whiting in Virginia. Also applied to the dollar fish. -- Harvest fly (Zoöl.), an hemipterous insect of the genus Cicada, often called locust. See Cicada. -- Harvest lord, the head reaper at a harvest. [Obs.] Tusser. -- Harvest mite (Zoöl.), a minute European mite (Leptus autumnalis), of a bright crimson color, which is troublesome by penetrating the skin of man and domestic animals; -- called also harvest louse, and harvest bug. -- Harvest moon, the moon near the full at the time of harvest in England, or about the autumnal equinox, when, by reason of the small angle that is made by the moon's orbit with the horizon, it rises nearly at the same hour for several days. -- Harvest mouse (Zoöl.), a very small European field mouse (Mus minutus). It builds a globular nest on the stems of wheat and other plants. -- Harvest queen, an image pepresenting Ceres, formerly carried about on the last day of harvest. Milton. -- Harvest spider. (Zoöl.) See Daddy longlegs.

HARVEST Har"vest, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harvested; p. pr. & vb. n. Harvesting.]

Defn: To reap or gather, as any crop.

HARVESTER Har"vest*er, n.

1. One who harvests; a machine for cutting and gathering grain; a reaper.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A harvesting ant.

HARVEST-HOME Har"vest-home", n.

1. The gathering and bringing home of the harvest; the time of harvest. Showed like a stubble land at harvest-home. Shak.

2. The song sung by reapers at the feast made at the close of the harvest; the feast itself. Dryden.

3. A service of thanksgiving, at harvest time, in the Church of England and in the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States.

4. The opportunity of gathering treasure. Shak.

HARVESTING Har"vest*ing, a. & n.

Defn: , from Harvest, v. t. Harvesting ant (Zoöl.), any species of ant which gathers and stores up seeds for food. Many species are known.

Note: The species found in Southern Europe and Palestine are Aphenogaster structor and A. barbara; that of Texas, called agricultural ant, is Pogonomyrmex barbatus or Myrmica molifaciens; that of Florida is P. crudelis. See Agricultural ant, under Agricultural.

HARVESTLESS Har"vest*less, a.

Defn: Without harvest; lacking in crops; barren. "Harvestless autumns." Tennyson.

HARVESTMAN Har"vest*man, n.; pl. Harvestmen (.

1. A man engaged in harvesting. Shak.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Daddy longlegs, 1.

HARVESTRY Har"vest*ry, n.

Defn: The act of harvesting; also, that which is harvested. Swinburne.

HARVEY PROCESS Har"vey proc"ess. (Metal.)

Defn: A process of hardening the face of steel, as armor plates, invented by Hayward A. Harvey of New Jersey, consisting in the additional carburizing of the face of a piece of low carbon steel by subjecting it to the action of carbon under long-continued pressure at a very high heat, and then to a violent chilling, as by a spray of cold water. This process gives an armor plate a thick surface of extreme hardness supported by material gradually decreasing in hardness to the unaltered soft steel at the back.

HARY Har"y, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OF. harier to harass, or E. harry, v. t.]

Defn: To draw; to drag; to carry off by vio [Obs.] Chaucer.

HAS Has,

Defn: 3d pers. sing. pres. of Have.

HASARD Has"ard, n.

Defn: Hazard. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HASE Hase, v. t. [Obs.]

Defn: See Haze, v. t.

HASH Hash, n. Etym: [Formerly hachey, hachee, F. hachis, hacher to hash; of German origin; cf. G. hippe sickle, OHG. hippa, for happia. Cf. Hatchet.]

1. That which is hashed or chopped up; meat and vegetables, especially such as have been already cooked, chopped into small pieces and mixed.

2. A new mixture of old matter; a second preparation or exhibition. I can not bear elections, and still less the hash of them over again in a first session. Walpole.

HASH Hash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Hashing.] Etym: [From Hash, n.: cf. F. hacher to hash.]

Defn: To as, to hash meat. Hudibras.

HASHEESH; HASHISH Hash"eesh, Hash"ish, n. Etym: [Ar. hashish.]

Defn: A slightly acrid gum resin produced by the common hemp (Cannabis saltiva), of the variety Indica, when cultivated in a warm climate; also, the tops of the plant, from which the resinous product is obtained. It is narcotic, and has long been used in the East for its intoxicating effect. See Bhang, and Ganja.

HASK Hask, n. Etym: [See Hassock.]

Defn: A basket made of rushes or flags, as for carrying fish. [Obs.] Spenser.

HASLET Has"let, n. Etym: [F. hâtelettes broil, for hastelettes, fr. F. haste spit; cf. L. hasta spear, and also OHG. harst gridiron.]

Defn: The edible viscera, as the heart, liver, etc., of a beast, esp. of a hog. [Written also harslet.]

HASP Hasp, n. Etym: [OE. hasp, hesp, AS. hæpse; akin to G. haspe, häspe, Sw. & Dan. haspe, Icel. hespa.]

1. A clasp, especially a metal strap permanently fast at one end to a staple or pin, while the other passes over a staple, and is fastened by a padlock or a pin; also, a metallic hook for fastening a door.

2. A spindle to wind yarn, thread, or silk on.

3. An instrument for cutting the surface of grass land; a scarifier.

HASP Hasp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hasped; p. pr. & vb. n. Hasping.] Etym: [AS. hæpsian.]

Defn: To shut or fasten with a hasp.

HASSOCK Has"sock, n. Etym: [Scot. hassock, hassik, a besom, anything bushy, a large, round turf used as a seat, OE. hassok sedgy ground, W. hesgog sedgy, hesg sedge, rushes; cf. Ir. seisg, and E. sedge.]

1. A rank tuft of bog grass; a tussock. Forby.

2. A small stuffed cushion or footstool, for kneeling on in church, or for home use. And knees and hassocks are well nigh divorced. Cowper.

HAST Hast

Defn: , 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest. [Archaic]

HASTATE; HASTATED Has"tate, Has"ta*ted, a. Etym: [L. hastatus, fr. hasta spear. Cf. Gad, n.]

Defn: Shaped like the head of a halberd; triangular, with the basal angles or lobes spreading; as, a hastate leaf.

HASTE Haste, n. Etym: [OE. hast; akin to D. haast, G., Dan., Sw., & OFries. hast, cf. OF. haste, F. hâte (of German origin); all perh. fr. the root of E. hate in a earlier sense of, to pursue. See Hate.]

1. Celerity of motion; speed; swiftness; dispatch; expedition; -- applied only to voluntary beings, as men and other animals. The king's business required haste. 1 Sam. xxi. 8.

2. The state of being urged or pressed by business; hurry; urgency; sudden excitement of feeling or passion; precipitance; vehemence. I said in my haste, All men are liars. Ps. cxvi. 11. To make haste, to hasten.

Syn. -- Speed; quickness; nimbleness; swiftness; expedition; dispatch; hurry; precipitance; vehemence; precipitation. -- Haste, Hurry, Speed, Dispatch. Haste denotes quickness of action and a strong desire for getting on; hurry includes a confusion and want of collected thought not implied in haste; speed denotes the actual progress which is made; dispatch, the promptitude and rapidity with which things are done. A man may properly be in haste, but never in a hurry. Speed usually secures dispatch.

HASTE Haste, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Hasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hasting.] Etym: [OE. hasten; akin to G. hasten, D. haasten, Dan. haste, Sw. hasta, OF. haster, F. hâter. See Haste, n.]

Defn: To hasten; to hurry. [Archaic] I 'll haste the writer. Shak. They were troubled and hasted away. Ps. xlviii. 5.

HASTEN Has"ten, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hastened; p. pr. & vb. n. Hastening.]

Defn: To press; to drive or urge forward; to push on; to precipitate; to accelerate the movement of; to expedite; to hurry. I would hasten my escape from the windy storm. Ps. lv. 8.

HASTEN Has"ten, v. i.

Defn: To move celerity; to be rapid in motion; to act speedily or quickly; to go quickly. I hastened to the spot whence the noise came. D

HASTENER Has"ten*er, n.

1. One who hastens.

2. That which hastens; especially, a stand or reflector used for confining the heat of the fire to meat while roasting before it.

HASTIF Has"tif, a. Etym: [OF. See Hastive.]

Defn: Hasty. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Has"tif*ly, adv. [Obs.]

HASTILE Has"tile, a. Etym: [L. hasta a spear.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Hastate. Gray.

HASTILY Has"ti*ly, adv. Etym: [From Hasty.]

1. In haste; with speed or quickness; speedily; nimbly.

2. Without due reflection; precipitately; rashly. We hastily engaged in the war. Swift.

3. Passionately; impatiently. Shak.

HASTINESS Has"ti*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being hasty; haste; precipitation; rashness; quickness of temper.

HASTINGS Has"tings, n. pl. Etym: [From Haste, v.]

Defn: Early fruit or vegetables; especially, early pease. Mortimer.

HASTINGS SANDS Has"tings sands". (Geol.)

Defn: The lower group of the Wealden formation; -- so called from its development around Hastings, in Sussex, England.

HASTIVE Has"tive, a. Etym: [OF. hastif. See Haste, n., and cf. Hastif.]

Defn: Forward; early; -- said of fruits. [Obs.]

HASTY Has"ty, a. [Compar. Hastier; superl. Hastiest.] Etym: [Akin to D. haastig, G., Sw., & Dan. hastig. See Haste, n.]

1. Involving haste; done, made, etc., in haste; as, a hasty sketch.

2. Demanding haste or immediate action. [R.] Chaucer. "Hasty employment." Shak.

3. Moving or acting with haste or in a hurry; hurrying; hence, acting without deliberation; precipitate; rash; easily excited; eager.

4. Made or reached without deliberation or due caution; as, a hasty conjecture, inference, conclusion, etc., a hasty resolution.

5.

Defn: Proceeding from, or indicating, a quick temper. Take no unkindness of his hasty words. Shak

6. Forward; early; first ripe. [Obs.] "As the hasty fruit before the summer." Is. xxviii. 4.

HASTY PUDDING Has"ty pud"ding.

1. A thick batter pudding made of Indian meal stirred into boiling water; mush. [U. S.]

2. A batter or pudding made of flour or oatmeal, stirred into boiling water or milk. [Eng.]

HAT Hat, a.

Defn: Hot. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HAT Hat,

Defn: sing. pres. of Hote to be called. Cf. Hatte. [Obs.] "That one hat abstinence." Piers Plowman.

HAT Hat, n. Etym: [AS. hæt, hætt; akin to Dan. hat, Sw. hatt, Icel. hattr a hat, höttr hood, D. hoed hat, G. hut, OHG. huot, and prob. to L. cassis helmet. Hood.]

Defn: A covering for the head; esp., one with a crown and brim, made of various materials, and worn by men or women for protecting the head from the sun or weather, or for ornament. Hat block, a block on which hats are formed or dressed. -- To pass around the hat, to take up a collection of voluntary contributions, which are often received in a hat. [Collog.] Lowell.

HATABLE Hat"a*ble, a. Etym: [From Hate.]

Defn: Capable of being, or deserving to be, hated; odious; detestable.

HATBAND Hat"band`, n.

Defn: A band round the crown of a hat; sometimes, a band of black cloth, crape, etc., worn as a badge of mourning.

HATBOX Hat"box`, n.

Defn: A box for a hat.

HATCH Hatch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hatched; p. pr. & vb. n. Hatching.] Etym: [F. hacher to chop, hack. See Hash.]

1. To cross with lines in a peculiar manneHatching. Shall win this sword, silvered and hatched. Chapman. Those hatching strokes of the pencil. Dryden.

2. To cross; to spot; to stain; to steep. [Obs.] His weapon hatched in blood. Beau. & Fl.

HATCH Hatch, v. t. Etym: [OE. hacchen, hetchen; akin to G. hecken, Dan. hekke; cf. MHG. hagen bull; perh. akin to E. hatch a half door, and orig. meaning, to produce under a hatch.

1. To produce, as young, from an egg or eggs by incubation, or by artificial heat; to produce young from (eggs); as, the young when hatched. Paley. As the partridge sitteth on eggs, and hatcheth them not. Jer. xvii. 11. For the hens do not sit upon the eggs; but by keeping them in a certain equal heat they [the husbandmen] bring life into them and hatch them. Robynson (More's Utopia).

2. To contrive or plot; to form by meditation, and bring into being; to originate and produce; to concoct; as, to hatch mischief; to hatch heresy. Hooker. Fancies hatched In silken-folded idleness. Tennyson.

HATCH Hatch, v. i.

Defn: To produce young; -- said of eggs; to come forth from the egg; -- said of the young of birds, fishes, insects, etc.

HATCH Hatch, n.

1. The act of hatching.

2. Development; disclosure; discovery. Shak.

3. The chickens produced at once or by one incubation; a brood.

HATCH Hatch, n. Etym: [OE. hacche, AS. hæc, cf. haca the bar of a door, D. hek gate, Sw. häck coop, rack, Dan. hekke manger, rack. Prob. akin to E. hook, and first used of something made of pieces fastened together. Cf. Heck, Hack a frame.]

1. A door with an opening over it; a half door, sometimes set with spikes on the upper edge. In at the window, or else o'er the hatch. Shak.

2. A frame or weir in a river, for catching fish.

3. A flood gate; a a sluice gate. Ainsworth.

4. A bedstead. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

5. An opening in the deck of a vessel or floor of a warehouse which serves as a passageway or hoistway; a hatchway; also; a cover or door, or one of the covers used in closing such an opening.

6. (Mining)

Defn: An opening into, or in search of, a mine. Booby hatch, Buttery hatch, Companion hatch, etc. See under Booby, Buttery, etc. -- To batten down the hatches (Naut.), to lay tarpaulins over them, and secure them with battens. -- To be under hatches, to be confined below in a vessel; to be under arrest, or in slavery, distress, etc.

HATCH Hatch, v. t.

Defn: To close with a hatch or hatches. 'T were not amiss to keep our door hatched. Shak

HATCH-BOAT Hatch"-boat`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A vessel whose deck consists almost wholly of movable hatches; -- used mostly in the fisheries.

HATCHEL Hatch"el, n. Etym: [OE. hechele, hekele; akin to D. hekel, G. hechel, Dan. hegle, Sw. häkla, and prob. to E. hook. See Hook, and cf. Hackle, Heckle.]

Defn: An instrument with long iron teeth set in a board, for cleansing flax or hemp from the tow, hards, or coarse part; a kind of large comb; -- called also hackle and heckle.

HATCHEL Hatch"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hatcheled or Hatchelled (; p. pr. & vb. n. Hatcheling or Hatchelling.] Etym: [OE. hechelen, hekelen; akin to D. hekelen, G. hecheln, Dan. hegle, Sw. häkla. See Hatchel, n.]

1. To draw through the teeth of a hatchel, as flax or hemp, so as to separate the coarse and refuse parts from the fine, fibrous parts.

2. To tease; to worry; to torment. [Colloq.]

HATCHELER Hatch"el*er, n.

Defn: One who uses a hatchel.

HATCHER Hatch"er, n.

1. One who hatches, or that which hatches; a hatching apparatus; an incubator.

2. One who contrives or originates; a plotter. A great hatcher and breeder of business. Swift.

HATCHERY Hatch"er*y, n.

Defn: A house for hatching fish, etc.

HATCHET Hatch"et, n. Etym: [F. hachette, dim. of hache Hatch, Hash.]

1. A small ax with a short handle, to be used with one hand.

2. Specifically, a tomahawk. Buried was the bloody hatchet. Longfellow.

Hatchet face, a thin, sharp face, like the edge of a hatchet; hence: Hatchet-faced, sharp-visaged. Dryden. -- To bury the hatchet, to make peace or become reconciled. -- To take up the hatchet, to make or declare war. The last two phrases are derived from the practice of the American Indians.

HATCHET MAN Hatchet man

Defn: 1. A person hired to murder or physically attack another; a hit man.

Defn: 2. A person who deliberately tries to ruin the reputation of another, often unscrupulously, by slander or other malicious communication, often with political motive, and sometimes for pay.

HATCHETTINE; HATCHETTITE Hatch"et*tine, Hatch"et*tite, n. Etym: [Named after the discoverer, Charles Hatchett.] (Min.)

Defn: Mineral t

HATCHING Hatch"ing, n. Etym: [See 1st Hatch.]

Defn: A mode of execution in engraving, drawing, and miniature painting, in which shading is produced by lines crossing each other at angles more or less acute; -- called also crosshatching.