Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (part 22 of 60)
FOVILLA Fo*vil"la, n.; pl. Fovillæ. Etym: [Dim. fr. L. fovere to cherish.] (Bot.)
Defn: One of the fine granules contained in the protoplasm of a pollen grain.
FOWL Fowl, n.
Note: Instead of the pl. Fowls the singular is often used collectively. Etym: [OE. foul, fowel, foghel, fuhel, fugel, AS. fugol; akin to OS. fugal D. & G. vogel, OHG. fogal, Icel. & Dan. fugl, Sw. fogel, fågel, Goth. fugls; of unknown origin, possibly by loss of l, from the root of E. fly, or akin to E. fox, as being a tailed animal.]
1. Any bird; esp., any large edible bird. Let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air. Gen. i. 26. Behold the fowls of the air; for they sow not. Matt. vi. 26. Like a flight of fowl Scattered by winds and high tempestuous gusts. Shak.
2. Any domesticated bird used as food, as a hen, turkey, duck; in a more restricted sense, the common domestic cock or hen (Gallus domesticus). Barndoor fowl, or Barnyard fowl, a fowl that frequents the barnyard; the common domestic cock or hen.
FOWL Fowl, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fowled; p. pr. & vb. n. Fowling.]
Defn: To catch or kill wild fowl, for game or food, as by shooting, or by decoys, nets, etc. Such persons as may lawfully hunt, fish, or fowl. Blackstone. Fowling piece, a light gun with smooth bore, adapted for the use of small shot in killing birds or small quadrupeds.
FOWLER Fowl"er, n.
Defn: A sportsman who pursues wild fowl, or takes or kills for food.
FOWLERITE Fow"ler*ite, n. Etym: [From Dr. Samuel Fowler.] (Min.)
Defn: A variety of rhodonite, from Franklin Furnace, New Jersey, containing some zinc.
FOWLER'S SOLUTION Fow"ler's so*lu"tion
Defn: . An Fowler, an English physician who first brought it into use.
FOX Fox, n.; pl. Foxes. Etym: [AS. fox; akin to D. vos, G. fuchs, OHG. fuhs, foha, Goth. faúh, Icel. f fox, fox fraud; of unknown origin, cf. Skr. puccha tail. Cf. Vixen.]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A carnivorous animal of the genus Vulpes, family Canidæ, of many species. The European fox (V. vulgaris or V. vulpes), the American red fox (V. fulvus), the American gray fox (V. Virginianus), and the arctic, white, or blue, fox (V. lagopus) are well-known species.
Note: The black or silver-gray fox is a variety of the American red fox, producing a fur of great value; the cross-gray and woods-gray foxes are other varieties of the same species, of less value. The common foxes of Europe and America are very similar; both are celebrated for their craftiness. They feed on wild birds, poultry, and various small animals. Subtle as the fox for prey. Shak.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The European dragonet.
3. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The fox shark or thrasher shark; -- called also sea fox. See Thrasher shark, under Shark.
4. A sly, cunning fellow. [Colloq.] We call a crafty and cruel man a fox. Beattie.
5. (Naut.)
Defn: Rope yarn twisted together, and rubbed with tar; -- used for seizings or mats.
6. A sword; -- so called from the stamp of a fox on the blade, or perhaps of a wolf taken for a fox. [Obs.] Thou diest on point of fox. Shak.
7. pl. (Enthnol.)
Defn: A tribe of Indians which, with the Sacs, formerly occupied the region about Green Bay, Wisconsin; -- called also Outagamies. Fox and geese. (a) A boy's game, in which one boy tries to catch others as they run one goal to another. (b) A game with sixteen checkers, or some substitute for them, one of which is called the fox, and the rest the geese; the fox, whose first position is in the middle of the board, endeavors to break through the line of the geese, and the geese to pen up the fox. -- Fox bat (Zoöl.), a large fruit bat of the genus Pteropus, of many species, inhabiting Asia, Africa, and the East Indies, esp. P. medius of India. Some of the species are more than four feet across the outspread wings. See Fruit bat. -- Fox bolt, a bolt having a split end to receive a fox wedge. -- Fox brush (Zoöl.), the tail of a fox. -- Fox evil, a disease in which the hair falls off; alopecy. -- Fox grape (Bot.), the name of two species of American grapes. The northern fox grape (Vitis Labrusca) is the origin of the varieties called Isabella, Concord, Hartford, etc., and the southern fox grape (Vitis vulpina) has produced the Scuppernong, and probably the Catawba. -- Fox hunter. (a) One who pursues foxes with hounds. (b) A horse ridden in a fox chase. -- Fox shark (Zoöl.), the thrasher shark. See Thrasher shark, under Thrasher. -- Fox sleep, pretended sleep. -- Fox sparrow (Zoöl.), a large American sparrow (Passerella iliaca); -- so called on account of its reddish color. -- Fox squirrel (Zoöl.), a large North American squirrel (Sciurus niger, or S. cinereus). In the Southern States the black variety prevails; farther north the fulvous and gray variety, called the cat squirrel, is more common. -- Fox terrier (Zoöl.), one of a peculiar breed of terriers, used in hunting to drive foxes from their holes, and for other purposes. There are rough- and smooth-haired varieties. -- Fox trot, a pace like that which is adopted for a few steps, by a horse, when passing from a walk into a trot, or a trot into a walk. -- Fox wedge (Mach. & Carpentry), a wedge for expanding the split end of a bolt, cotter, dowel, tenon, or other piece, to fasten the end in a hole or mortise and prevent withdrawal. The wedge abuts on the bottom of the hole and the piece is driven down upon it. Fastening by fox wedges is called foxtail wedging. -- Fox wolf (Zoöl.), one of several South American wild dogs, belonging to the genus Canis. They have long, bushy tails like a fox.
FOX Fox, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Foxed; p. pr. & vb. n. Foxing.] Etym: [See Fox, n., cf. Icel. fox imposture.]
1. To intoxicate; to stupefy with drink. I drank . . . so much wine that I was almost foxed. Pepys.
2. To make sour, as beer, by causing it to ferment.
3. To repair the feet of, as of boots, with new front upper leather, or to piece the upper fronts of.
FOX Fox, v. i.
Defn: To turn sour; -- said of beer, etc., when it sours in fermenting.
FOXEARTH Fox"earth`, n.
Defn: A hole in the earth to which a fox resorts to hide himself.
FRACAS Fra"cas (; F. , n. Etym: [F., crash, din, tumult, It. fracasso, fr. fracassare to break in pieces, perh. fr. fra within, among (L. infra) + cassare to annul, cashier. Cf. Cashier, v. t.]
Defn: An uproar; a noisy quarrel; a disturbance; a brawl.
FOXED Foxed, a.
1. Discolored or stained; -- said of timber, and also of the paper of books or engravings.
2. Repaired by foxing; as, foxed boots.
FOXERY Fox"e*ry, n.
Defn: Behavior like that of a fox; [Obs.] Chaucer.
FOXES Fox"es, n. pl. (Ethnol.)
Defn: See Fox, n., 7.
FOXFISH Fox"fish`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The fox shark; -- called also sea fox. See Thrasher shark, under Shark. (b) The european dragonet. See Dragonet.
FOXGLOVE Fox"glove`, n. Etym: [AS. foxes-gl, foxes-clife.] (Bot.)
Defn: Any plant of the genus Digitalis. The common English foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) is a handsome perennial or biennial plant, whose leaves are used as a powerful medicine, both as a sedative and diuretic. See Digitalis. Pan through the pastures oftentimes hath run To pluck the speckled foxgloves from their stem. W. Browne.
FOXHOUND Fox"hound`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of a special breed of hounds used for chasing foxes.
FOX-HUNTING Fox"-hunt`ing, a.
Defn: Pertaining to or engaged in the hunting of foxes; fond of hunting foxes.
FOXINESS Fox"i*ness, n.
1. The state or quality of being foxy, or foxlike; craftiness; shrewdness.
2. The state of being foxed or discolored, as books; decay; deterioration.
3. A coarse and sour taste in grapes.
FOXISH Fox"ish, a.
Defn: Foxlike. [Obs.]
FOXLIKE Fox"like`, a.
Defn: Resembling a fox in his characteristic qualities; cunning; artful; foxy.
FOXLY Fox"ly, a.
Defn: Foxlike. [Obs.] "Foxly craft." Latimer.
FOXSHIP Fox"ship, n.
Defn: Foxiness; craftiness. [R.] Shak.
FOXTAIL Fox"tail`, n.
1. The tail or brush of a fox.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: The name of several kinds of grass having a soft dense head of flowers, mostly the species of Alopecurus and Setaria.
3. (Metal.)
Defn: The last cinders obtained in the fining process. Raymond. Foxtail saw, a dovetail saw. -- Foxtail wedging. See Fox wedge, under Fox.
FOXY Fox"y, a.
1. Like or pertaining to the fox; foxlike in disposition or looks; wily. Modred's narrow, foxy face. Tennyson.
2. Having the color of a fox; of a yellowish or reddish brown color; -- applied sometimes to paintings when they have too much of this color.
3. Having the odor of a fox; rank; strong smeelling.
4. Sour; unpleasant in taste; -- said of wine, beer, etc., not properly fermented; -- also of grapes which have the coarse flavor of the fox grape.
FOY Foy, n. Etym: [F. foi, old spelling foy, faith. See Faith.]
1. Faith; allegiance; fealty. [Obs.] Spenser.
2. A feast given by one about to leave a place. [Obs.] He did at the Dog give me, and some other friends of his, his foy, he being to set sail to-day. Pepys.
FOYER Foy`er", n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. focarium fireplace. See Focus, n.]
1. A lobby in a theater; a greenroom.
2. The crucible or basin in a furnace which receives the molten metal. Knight.
FOYSON Foy"son, n. [Obs.]
Defn: See Foison.
FOZINESS Fo"zi*ness, n.
Defn: The state of being fozy; spiritlessness; dullness. [Scot.] [The Whigs'] foziness can no longer be concealed. Blackwood's.
FOZY Fo"zy, a.
Defn: Spongy; soft; fat and puffy. [Scot.]
FRA Fra, adv. & prep. Etym: [OE.]
Defn: Fro. [Old Eng. & Scot.]
FRA Fra, n. Etym: [It., for frate. See Friar.]
Defn: Brother; -- a title of a monk of friar; as, Fra Angelo. Longfellow.
FRAB Frab, v. i. & t.
Defn: To scold; to nag. [Prov. Eng.]
FRABBIT Frab"bit, a.
Defn: Crabbed; peevish. [Prov. Eng.]
FRACHO Fracho, n.
Defn: A shallow iron pan to hold glass ware while being annealed.
FRACID Frac"id, a. Etym: [L. fracidus mellow, soft.]
Defn: Rotten from being too ripe; overripe. [Obs.] Blount.
FRACT Fract, v. t. Etym: [L. fractus, p.p. of frangere to break.]
Defn: To break; to violate. [Obs.] Shak.
FRACTED Frac"ted, a. (Her.)
Defn: Having a part displaced, as if broken; -- said of an ordinary. Macaulay.
FRACTION Frac"tion, n. Etym: [F. fraction, L. fractio a breaking, fr. frangere, fractum, to break. See Break.]
1. The act of breaking, or state of being broken, especially by violence. [Obs.] Neither can the natural body of Christ be subject to any fraction or breaking up. Foxe.
2. A portion; a fragment. Some niggard fractions of an hour. Tennyson.
3. (Arith. or Alg.)
Defn: One or more aliquot parts of a unit or whole number; an expression for a definite portion of a unit or magnitude. Common, or Vulgar, fraction, a fraction in which the number of equal parts into which the integer is supposed to be divided is indicated by figures or letters, called the denominator, written below a line, over which is the numerator, indicating the number of these parts included in the fraction; as -- Complex fraction, a fraction having a fraction or mixed number in the numerator or denominator, or in both. Davies & Peck. -- Compound fraction, a fraction of a fraction; two or more fractions connected by of. -- Continued fraction, Decimal fraction, Partial fraction, etc. See under Continued, Decimal, Partial, etc. -- Improper fraction, a fraction in which the numerator is greater than the denominator. -- Proper fraction, a fraction in which the numerator is less than the denominator.
FRACTION Frac"tion, v. t. (Chem.)
Defn: To separate by means of, or to subject to, fractional distillation or crystallization; to fractionate; -- frequently used with out; as, to fraction out a certain grade of oil from pretroleum.
FRACTIONAL Frac"tion*al, a.
1. Of or pertaining to fractions or a fraction; constituting a fraction; as, fractional numbers.
2. Relatively small; inconsiderable; insignificant; as, a fractional part of the population. Fractional crystallization (Chem.), a process of gradual and approximate purification and separation, by means of repeated solution and crystallization therefrom. -- Fractional currency, small coin, or paper notes, in circulation, of less value than the monetary unit. -- Fractional distillation (Chem.), a process of distillation so conducted that a mixture of liquids, differing considerably from each other in their boiling points, can be separated into its constituents.
FRACTIONALLY Frac"tion*al*ly, adv.
Defn: By fractions or separate portions; as, to distill a liquid fractionally, that is, so as to separate different portions.
FRACTIONARY Frac"tion*a*ry, a.
Defn: Fractional. [Obs.]
FRACTIONATE Frac"tion*ate, v. t.
Defn: To separate into different portions or fractions, as in the distillation of liquids.
FRACTIOUS Frac"tious, a. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. frack forward, eager, E. freak, fridge; or Prov. E. fratch to squabble, quarrel.]
Defn: Apt to break out into a passion; apt to scold; cross; snappish; ugly; unruly; as, a fractious man; a fractious horse.
Syn. -- Snappish; peevish; waspish; cross; irritable; perverse; pettish. -- Frac"tious*ly, v. -- Frac"tious*ness, n.
FRACTURAL Frac"tur*al, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or consequent on, a fracture. [R.]
FRACTURE Frac"ture, n. Etym: [L. fractura, fr. frangere, fractum, to break: cf. F. fracture. See Fraction.]
1. The act of breaking or snapping asunder; rupture; breach.
2. (Surg.)
Defn: The breaking of a bone.
3. (Min.)
Defn: The texture of a freshly broken surface; as, a compact fracture; an even, hackly, or conchoidal fracture. Comminuted fracture (Surg.), a fracture in which the bone is broken into several parts. -- Complicated fracture (Surg.), a fracture of the bone combined with the lesion of some artery, nervous trunk, or joint. -- Compound fracture (Surg.), a fracture in which there is an open wound from the surface down to the fracture. -- Simple fracture (Surg.), a fracture in which the bone only is ruptured. It does not communicate with the surface by an open wound.
Syn. -- Fracture, Rupture. These words denote different kinds of breaking, according to the objects to which they are applied. Fracture is applied to hard substances; as, the fracture of a bone. Rupture is oftener applied to soft substances; as, the rupture of a blood vessel. It is also used figuratively. "To be an enemy and once to have been a friend, does it not embitter the rupture" South.
FRACTURE Frac"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fractured (#; 135); p. pr. & vb. n.. Fracturing.] Etym: [Cf. F. fracturer.]
Defn: To cause a fracture or fractures in; to break; to burst asunder; to crack; to separate the continuous parts of; as, to fracture a bone; to fracture the skull.
FRAENULUM Fræn"u*lum, n.; pl. Frænula. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. fraenum a bridle.] (Anat.)
Defn: A frænum.
FRAENUM; FRENUM Fræ"num, or; Fre"num, n.; pl. E. Frænums, L. Fræna. Etym: [L., a bridle.] (Anat.)
Defn: A connecting fold of membrane serving to support or restrain any part; as, the frænum of the tongue.
FRAGILE Frag"ile, a. Etym: [L. fragilis, from frangere to break; cf. F. fragile. See Break, v. t., and cf. Frail, a.]
Defn: Easily broken; brittle; frail; delicate; easily destroyed. The state of ivy is tough, and not fragile. Bacon.
Syn. -- Brittle; infirm; weak; frail; frangible; slight. -- Frag"ile*ly, adv.
FRAGILITY Fra*gil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. fragilitas: cf. F. fragilité. Cf. Frailty.]
1. The condition or quality of being fragile; brittleness; frangibility. Bacon.
2. Weakness; feebleness. An appearance of delicacy, and even of fragility, is almost essential to it [beauty]. Burke.
3. Liability to error and sin; frailty. [Obs.] The fragility and youthful folly of Qu. Fabius. Holland.
FRAGMENT Frag"ment, n. Etym: [L. fragmentum, fr. frangere to break: cf. F. fragment. See Break, v. t.]
Defn: A part broken off; a small, detached portion; an imperfect part; as, a fragment of an ancient writing. Gather up the fragments that remain. John vi. 12.
FRAGMENTAL Frag*men"tal, a.
1. Fragmentary.
2. (Geol.)
Defn: Consisting of the pulverized or fragmentary material of rock, as conglomerate, shale, etc.
FRAGMENTAL Frag*men"tal, n. (Geol.)
Defn: A fragmentary rock.
FRAGMENTARILY Frag"men*ta*ri*ly, adv.
Defn: In a fragmentary manner; piecemeal.
FRAGMENTARINESS Frag"men*ta*ri*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or property of being in fragnebts, or broken pieces, incompleteness; want of continuity. G. Eliot.
FRAGMENTARY Frag"men*ta*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. fragmentaire.]
1. Composed of fragments, or broken pieces; disconnected; not complete or entire. Donne.
2. (Geol.)
Defn: Composed of the fragments of other rocks.
FRAGMENTED Frag"ment*ed, a.
Defn: Broken into fragments.
FRAGMENTIST Frag"ment*ist, n.
Defn: A writer of fragments; as, the fragmentist of Wolfenbüttel. [R.]
FRAGOR Fra"gor (, n. Etym: [L., a breaking to pieces, fr. frangere to break.]
1. A loud and sudden sound; the report of anything bursting; a crash. I. Watts.
2.
Note: [Due to confusion with fragrant.]
Defn: A strong or sweet scent. [Obs. & Illegitimate.] Sir T. Herbert.
FRAGRANCE; FRAGRANCY Fra"grance, Fra"gran*cy, n. Etym: [L. fragrantia: cf. OF. fragrance.]
Defn: The quality of being fragrant; sweetness of smell; a sweet smell; a pleasing odor; perfume. Eve separate he spies, Veiled in a cloud of fragrance. Milton. The goblet crowned, Breathed aromatic fragrancies around. Pope.
FRAGRANT Fra"grant, a.
Defn: [fragrans. -antis, p.pr. of fragrare to emit a smell of fragrance: cf. OF. fragrant. Affecting the olfactory nerves agreeably; sweet of smell; odorous; having or emitting an agreeable perfume. Fragrant the fertile earth After soft showers. Milton.
Syn. -- Sweet-smelling; odorous; odoriferous; swetacented; redolent; ambrosial; balmy; spicy; aromatic. -- Fra"grant*ly, adv.
FRAIGHT Fraight, a.
Defn: Same as Fraught. [Obs.] Spenser.
FRAIL Frail, n. Etym: [OE. fraiel, fraile, OF. fraiel, freel, frael, fr. LL. fraellum.]
Defn: A basket made of rushes, used chiefly for containing figs and raisins.
2. The quantity of raisins -- about thirty-two, fifty-six, or seventy-five pounds, -- contained in a frail.
3. A rush for weaving baskets. Johnson.
FRAIL Frail, a. [Compar. Frailer; superl. Frailest.] Etym: [OE. frele, freile, OF. fraile, frele, F. frêle, fr. L. fragilis. See Fragile.]
1. Easily broken; fragile; not firm or durable; liable to fail and perish; easily destroyed; not tenacious of life; weak; infirm. That I may know how frail I am. Ps. xxxix. 4. An old bent man, worn and frail. Lowell.
2. Tender. [Obs.] Deep indignation and compassion. Spenser.
3. Liable to fall from virtue or be led into sin; not strong against temptation; weak in resolution; also, unchaste; -- often applied to fallen women. Man is frail, and prone to evil. Jer. Taylor.
FRAILLY Frail"ly, adv.
Defn: Weakly; infirmly.
FRAILNESS Frail"ness, n.
Defn: Frailty.
FRAILTY Frail"ty, n.; pl. Frailties. Etym: [OE. frelete, freilte, OF. fraileté, fr. L. fragilitas. See Frail, a., and cf. Fragility.]
1. The condition quality of being frail, physically, mentally, or morally, frailness; infirmity; weakness of resolution; liableness to be deceived or seduced. God knows our frailty, [and] pities our weakness. Locke.
2. A fault proceeding from weakness; foible; sin of infirmity.
Syn. -- Frailness; fragility; imperfection; failing.
FRAISCHEUR Frai"scheur, n. Etym: [OF.; F fraicheur, fr. frais, fem. fra, fresh; of German origin. See Frash, a.]
Defn: Freshness; coolness. [R.] Dryden.
FRAISE Fraise, n. Etym: [See Froise.]
Defn: A large and thick pancake, with slices of bacon in it. [Obs.] Johnson.
FRAISE Fraise, n. Etym: [F. fraise, orig., a ruff, cf. F. frise frieze, E. frieze a coarse stuff.]
1. (Fort.)
Defn: A defense consisting of pointed stakes driven into the ramparts in a horizontal or inclined position.
2. (Mech.)
Defn: A fluted reamer for enlarging holes in stone; a small milling cutter.
FRAISE Fraise, v. t. (Mil.)
Defn: To protect, as a line of troops, against an onset of cavalry, by opposing bayonets raised obliquely forward. Wilhelm.
FRAISED Fraised, a.
Defn: Fortified with a fraise.
FRAKEN Frak"en, n.
Defn: A freckle. [Obs.] A few fraknes in his face. Chaucer.
FRAMABLE Fram"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being framed.
FRAMBAESIA Fram*bæ"si*a, n. Etym: [F. & NL., fr. F. framboise raspberry.] (Med.)
Defn: The yaws. See Yaws.
FRAME Frame, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Framed; p. pr. & vb. n. Framing.] Etym: [OE. framen, fremen, to execute, build, AS. fremman to further, perform, effect, fr. fram strong, valiant; akin to E. foremost, and prob. to AS. fram from, Icel. fremja, frama, to further, framr forward, G. fromm worthy, excellent, pious. See Foremost, From, and cf. Furnish.]
1. (Arch. & Engin.)
Defn: To construct by fitting and uniting the several parts of the skeleton of any structure; specifically, in woodwork, to put together by cutting parts of one member to fit parts of another. See Dovetail, Halve, v. t., Miter, Tenon, Tooth, Tusk, Scarf, and Splice.
2. To originate; to plan; to devise; to contrive; to compose; in a bad sense, to invent or fabricate, as something false. How many excellent reasonings are framed in the mind of a man of wisdom and study in a length of years. I. Watts.
3. To fit to something else, or for some specific end; to adjust; to regulate; to shape; to conform. And frame my face to all occasions. Shak. We may in some measure frame our minds for the reception of happiness. Landor. The human mind is framed to be influenced. I. Taylor.
4. To cause; to bring about; to produce. [Obs.] Fear frames disorder, and disorder wounds. Shak.
5. To support. [Obs. & R.] That on a staff his feeble steps did frame. Spenser.
6. To provide with a frame, as a picture.
FRAME Frame, v. i.
1. To shape; to arrange, as the organs of speech. [Obs.] Judg. xii. 6.
2. To proceed; to go. [Obs.] The bauty of this sinful dame Made many princes thither frame. Shak.
FRAME Frame, n.
1. Anything composed of parts fitted and united together; a fabric; a structure; esp., the constructional system, whether of timber or metal, that gives to a building, vessel, etc., its model and strength; the skeleton of a structure. These are thy glorius works, Parent of good, Almighty! thine this universal frame. Milton.
2. The bodily structure; physical constitution; make or build of a person. Some bloody passion shakes your very frame. Shak. No frames could be strong enough to endure it. Prescott.
3. A kind of open case or structure made for admitting, inclosing, or supporting things, as that which incloses or contains a window, door, picture, etc.; that on which anything is held or stretched; as: (a) The skeleton structure which supports the boiler and machinery of a locomotive upon its wheels. (b) (Founding) A molding box or flask, which being filled with sand serves as a mold for castings. (c) The ribs and stretchers of an umbrella or other structure with a fabric covering. (d) A structure of four bars, adjustable in size, on which cloth, etc., is stretched for quilting, embroidery, etc. (e) (Hort.) A glazed portable structure for protecting young plants from frost. (f) (Print.) A stand to support the type cases for use by the compositor.
4. (Mach.)
Defn: A term applied, especially in England, to certain machines built upon or within framework; as, a stocking frame; lace frame; spinning frame, etc.
5. Form; shape; proportion; scheme; structure; constitution; system; as, a frameof government. She that hath a heart of that fine frame To pay this debt of love but to a brother. Shak. Put your discourse into some frame. Shak.
6. Particular state or disposition, as of the mind; humor; temper; mood; as, to be always in a happy frame.
7. Contrivance; the act of devising or scheming. [Obs.] John the bastard Whose spirits toil in frame of villainies. Shak. Balloon frame, Cant frames, etc. See under Balloon, Cant, etc. -- Frame building or house, a building of which the form and support is made of framed timbers. [U.S.] -- Frame level, a mason's level. -- Frame saw, a thin saw stretched in a frame to give it rigidity.
FRAMER Fram"er, n.
Defn: One who frames; as, the framer of a building; the framers of the Constitution.
FRAME-UP Frame"-up`, n.
Defn: A conspiracy or plot, esp. for a malicious or evil purpose, as to incriminate a person on false evidence. [Slang]
FRAMEWORK Frame"work`, n.
1. The work of framing, or the completed work; the frame or constructional part of anything; as, the framework of society. A staunch and solid piece of framework. Milton.
2. Work done in, or by means of, a frame or loom.
FRAMING Fram"ing, n.
1. The act, process, or style of putting together a frame, or of constructing anything; a frame; that which frames.
2. (Arch. & Engin.)
Defn: A framework, or a sy Framing chisel (Carp.), a heavy chisel with a socket shank for making mortises.
FRAMPEL; FRAMPOID Fram"pel, Fram"poid, a. Etym: [Also written frampul, frampled, framfold.] Etym: [Cf. W. fframfol passionate, ffrom angry, fretting; or perh. akin to E. frump.]
Defn: Peevish; cross; vexatious; quarrelsome. [Obs.] Shak. Is Pompey grown so malapert, so frampel Beau. & Fl.
FRANC Franc, n. Etym: [F., fr. franc a Franc. See Frank, a.]
Defn: A silver coin of France, and since 1795 the unit of the French monetary system. It has been adopted by Belgium and Swizerland. It is equivalent to about nineteen cents, or ten pence, and is divided into 100 centimes.
FRANCHISE Fran"chise ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [F., fr. franc, fem. franche, free. See Frank, a.]
1. Exemption from constraint or oppression; freedom; liberty. [Obs.] Spenser.
2. (LAw)
Defn: A particular privilege conferred by grant from a sovereign or a government, and vested in individuals; an imunity or exemption from ordinary jurisdiction; a constitutional or statutory right or privilege, esp. the right to vote. Election by universal suffrage, as modified by the Constitution, is the one crowning franchise of the American people. W. H. Seward.
3. The district or jurisdiction to which a particular privilege extends; the limits of an immunity; hence, an asylum or sanctuary. Churches and mobasteries in Spain are franchises for criminals. London Encyc.
4. Magnanimity; generosity; liberality; frankness; nobility. "Franchise in woman." [Obs.] Chaucer. Elective franchise, the privilege or right of voting in an election of public officers.
FRANCHISE Fran"chise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Franchised; p. pr. & vb. n. Franchising.] Etym: [Cf. OF. franchir to free, F., to cross.]
Defn: To make free; to enfranchise; to give liberty to. Shak.
FRANCHISEMENT Fran"chise*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. franchissement.]
Defn: Release; deliverance; freedom. Spenser.
FRANCIC Fran"cic, a. Etym: [See Frank, a.]
Defn: Pertaining to the Franks, or their language; Frankish.
FRANCISCAN Fran*cis"can, a. Etym: [LL. Franciscus Francis: cf. F. franciscain.] (R. C. Ch.)
Defn: Belonging to the Order of St. Francis of the Franciscans. Franciscan Brothers, pious laymen who devote themselves to useful works, such as manual labor schools, and other educational institutions; -- called also Brothers of the Third Order of St. Francis. -- Franciscan Nuns, nuns who follow the rule of t. Francis, esp. those of the Second Order of St. Francis, -- called also Poor Clares or Minoresses. -- Franciscan Tertiaries, the Third Order of St. Francis.
FRANCISCAN Fran*cis"can, n. (R.C.Ch.)
Defn: A monk or friar of the Order of St. Francis, a large and zealous order of mendicant monks founded in 1209 by St. Francis of Assisi. They are called also Friars Minor; and in England, Gray Friars, because they wear a gray habit.
FRANCOLIN Fran"co*lin, n. Etym: [F.; cf. It. francolino, Sp. francolin.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A spurred partidge of the genus Francolinus and allied genera, of Asia and Africa. The common species (F. vulgaris) was formerly common in southern Europe, but is now nearly restricted to Asia.
FRANCOLITE Fran"co*lite, n. (Min.)
Defn: A variety of apatite from Wheal Franco in Devonshire.
FRANC-TIREUR Franc"-ti`reur", n. [F., fr. franc free + tireur shooter, fr. tirer to shoot.] (Mil.)
Defn: A French partisan soldier, or one belonging to a corps of detached light troops engaged in forays, skirmishes, scouting, etc.
FRANGENT Fran"gent, a. Etym: [L. frangens, p.pr. of frangere. See Fraction.]
Defn: Causing fracture; breaking. [R.] H. Walpole.
FRANGIBILITY Fran`gi*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. frangibilité.]
Defn: The state or quality of being frangible. Fox.
FRANGIBLE Fran"gi*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. frangible.]
Defn: Capable of being broken; brittle; fragile; easily broken.
FRANGIPANE Fran"gi*pane, n. Etym: [F. frangipane; supposed to be called so from the inventor, the Marquis Frangipani, major general under Louis XIV.]
1. A perfume of jasmine; frangipani.
2. A species of pastry, containing cream and almonds.
FRANGIPANI; FRANGIPANNI Fran`gi*pan"i, Fran`gi*pan"ni, n. Etym: [Another spelling of frangipane.]
Defn: A perfume derived from, or imitating the odor of, the flower of the red jasmine, a West Indian tree of the genus Plumeria.
FRANGULIC; FRANGULINIC Fran*gu"lic, Fran`gu*lin"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or drived from, frangulin, or a species (Rhamnus Frangula) of the buckthorn. Frangulinic acid (Chem.), a yellow crystalline substance, resembling alizarin, and obtained by the decomposition of frangulin.
FRANGULIN Fran"gu*lin, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A yellow crystalline dyestuff, regarded as a glucoside, extracted from a species (Rhamnus Frangula) of the buckthorn; -- called also rhamnoxanthin.
FRANION Fran"ion, n. Etym: [Perh. from F. fainéant an idler.]
Defn: A paramour; a loose woman; also, a gay, idle fellow. [Obs.] Spenser.
FRANK Frank, n. Etym: [OF. franc.]
Defn: A pigsty. [Obs.]
FRANK Frank, v. t.
Defn: To shut up in a frank or sty; to pen up; hence, to cram; to fatten. [Obs.] Shak.
FRANK Frank, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The common heron; -- so called from its note. [Prov. Eng.]
FRANK Frank, a. [Compar Franker; superl. Frankest.] Etym: [F. franc free, frank, L. Francus a Frank, fr. OHG. Franko the name of a Germanic people on the Rhine, who afterward founded the French monarchy; cf. AS. franca javelin, Icel. frakka. Cf. Franc, French, a., Franchise, n.]
1. Unbounded by restrictions, limitations, etc.; free. [R.] "It is of frank gift." Spenser.
2. Free in uttering one's real sentiments; not reserved; using no disguise; candid; ingenuous; as, a frank nature, conversation, manner, etc.
3. Liberal; generous; profuse. [Obs.] Frank of civilities that cost them nothing. L'Estrange.
4. Unrestrained; loose; licentious; -- used in a bad sense. Spenser.
Syn. -- Ingenuous; candid; artless; plain; open; unreserved; undisguised; sincere. See Candid, Ingenuous.
FRANK Frank, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Franked; p. pr. & vb. n. Franking.]
1. To send by public conveyance free of expense. Dickens.
2. To extempt from charge for postage, as a letter, package, or packet, etc.
FRANK Frank, n. Etym: [See Frank, a.]
Defn: The privilege of sending letters or other mail matter, free of postage, or without charge; also, the sign, mark, or signature denoting that a letter or other mail matter is to free of postage. I have said so much, that, if I had not a frank, I must burn my letter and begin again. Cowper.
FRANK Frank, n. Etym: [Cf. F. franc. See Frank, a.]
1. (Ethnol.)
Defn: A member of one of the German tribes that in the fifth century overran and conquered Gaul, and established the kingdom of France.
2. A native or inhabitant of Western Europe; a European; -- a term used in the Levant.
3. A French coin. See Franc.
FRANKALMOIGNE Frank`al*moigne", n. Etym: [F. franc free + Norm. F. almoigne alma, for almosne, F. aumône. See Frank, a., and Almoner.] (Eng. Law)
Defn: A tenure by which a religious corporation holds lands given to them and their successors forever, usually on condition of praying for the soul of the donor and his heirs; -- called also tenure by free alms. Burrill.
FRANK-CHASE Frank"-chase`, n. Etym: [Frank free + chase.] (Eng. Law)
Defn: The liberty or franchise of having a chase; free chase. Burrill.
FRANK-FEE Frank"-fee`, n. Etym: [Frank free + fee.] (Eng. Law)
Defn: A species of tenure in fee simple, being the opposite of ancient demesne, or copyhold. Burrill.
FRANKFORT BLACK Frank"fort black`
Defn: . A black pigment used in copperplate printing, prepared by burning vine twigs, the lees of wine, etc. McElrath.
FRANKINCENSE Frank"in*cense, n. Etym: [OF. franc free, pure + encens incense.]
Defn: A fragrant, aromatic resin, or gum resin, burned as an incense in religious rites or for medicinal fumigation. The best kinds now come from East Indian trees, of the genus Boswellia; a commoner sort, from the Norway spruce (Abies excelsa) and other coniferous trees. The frankincense of the ancient Jews is still unidentified.
FRANKING Frank"ing, n. (Carp.)
Defn: A method of forming a joint at the intersection of window-sash bars, by cutting away only enough wood to show a miter.
FRANKISH Frank"ish, a.
Defn: Like, or pertaining to, the Franks.
FRANK-LAW Frank"-law`, n. Etym: [Frank free + law.] (Eng. Law)
Defn: The liberty of being sworn in courts, as a juror or witness; one of the ancient privileges of a freeman; free and common law; -- an obsolete expression signifying substantially the same as the American expression civil rights. Abbot.
FRANKLIN Frank"lin, n. Etym: [OE. frankelein; cf. LL. franchilanus. See Frank, a.]
Defn: An English freeholder, or substantial householder. [Obs.] Chaucer. The franklin, a small landholder of those days. Sir J. Stephen.
FRANKLINIC Frank*lin"ic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Benjamin Franklin. Franklinic electricity, electricity produced by friction; called also statical electricity.
FRANKLINITE Frank"lin*ite, n. (Min.)
Defn: A kind of mineral of the spinel group.
FRANKLIN STOVE Frank"lin stove`
Defn: . A kind of open stove introduced by Benjamin Franklin, the peculiar feature of which was that a current of heated air was directly supplied to the room from an air box; -- now applied to other varieties of open stoves.
FRANKLY Frank"ly, adv.
Defn: In a frank manner; freely. Very frankly he confessed his treasons. Shak.
Syn. -- Openly; ingenuously; plainly; unreservedly; undisguisedly; sincerely; candidly; artlessly; freely; readily; unhesitatingly; liberally; willingly.
FRANK-MARRIAGE Frank"-mar"riage, n. Etym: [Frank free + marriage.] (Eng. Law)
Defn: A certain tenure in tail special; an estate of inheritance given to a man his wife (the wife being of the blood of the donor), and descendible to the heirs of their two bodies begotten. [Obs.] Blackstone.
FRANKNESS Frank"ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being frank; candor; openess; ingenuousness; fairness; liberality.
FRANKPLEDGE Frank"pledge`, n. Etym: [Frank free + pledge.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) A pledge or surety for the good behavior of freemen, -- each freeman who was a member of an ancient decennary, tithing, or friborg, in England, being a pledge for the good conduct of the others, for the preservation of the public peace; a free surety. (b) The tithing itself. Bouvier. The servants of the crown were not, as now, bound in frankpledge for each other. Macaulay.
FRANTIC Fran"tic, a. Etym: [OE. frentik, frenetik, F. frentique, L. phreneticus, from Gr. Frenzy, and cf. Frenetic, Phrenetic.]
Defn: Mad; raving; furious; violent; wild and disorderly; distracted. Die, frantic wretch, for this accursed deed! Shak. Torrents of frantic abuse. Macaulay. -- Fran"tic*al*ly, adv. -- Fran"tic*ly, adv. Shak. -- Fran"tic*ness, n. Johnson.
FRAP Frap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frapped; p. pr. & vb. n. Frapping.] Etym: [Cf. F. frapper to strike, to seize ropes. Cf. Affrap.]
1. (Naut.)
Defn: To draw together; to bind with a view to secure and strengthen, as a vessel by passing cables around it; to tighten; as a tackle by drawing the lines together. Tottem.
2. To brace by drawing together, as the cords of a drum. Knoght.
FRAPE Frape, n. Etym: [Cf. frap, and Prov. E. frape to scold.]
Defn: A crowd, a rabble. [Obs.] ares.
FRAPLER Frap"ler, n.
Defn: A blusterer; a rowdy. [Obs.] Unpolished, a frapler, and base. B. Jonson.
FRAPPE Frap`pé" (fra`pa"), a. [F., p.p. of frapper to strike, to chill.]
Defn: Iced; frozen; artificially cooled; as, wine frappé. -- n.
Defn: A frappé mixture or beverage, as a water ice, variously flavored, frozen soft, and served in glasses.
FRAPPING Frap"ping, n. [From Frap.] (Naut.)
Defn: A lashing binding a thing tightly or binding things together.
FRATER Fra"ter, n. Etym: [L., a brother.] (Eccl.)
Defn: A monk; also, a frater house. [R.] Shipley. Frater house, an apartament in a convent used as an eating room; a refectory; -- called also a fratery.
FRATERNAL Fra*ter"nal, a.Etym: [F. fraternel, LL. fraternalis, fr. L. fraternus, fr. frater brother. See Brother.]
Defn: Pf, pertaining to, or involving, brethren; becoming to brothers; brotherly; as, fraternal affection; a fraternal embrace. -- Fra*ter"nal*ly, adv. An abhorred, a cursed, a fraternal war. Milton. Fraternal love and friendship. Addison.
FRATERNATE Fra*ter"nate, v. i.
Defn: To fraternize; to hold fellowship. Jefferson.
FRATERNATION; FRATERNISM Fra`ter*na"tion, Fra"ter*nism, n.
Defn: Fraternization. [R.] Jefferson.
FRATERNITY Fra*ter"ni*ty, n.; pl. Fraternities. Etym: [F. fraternité, L. fraternitas.]
1. The state or quality of being fraternal or brotherly; brotherhood.
2. A body of men associated for their common interest, business, or pleasure; a company; a brotherhood; a society; in the Roman Catholic Chucrch, an association for special religious purposes, for relieving the sick and destitute, etc.
3. Men of the same class, profession, occupation, character, or tastes. With what terms of respect knaves and sots will speak of their own fraternity! South.
FRATERNIZATION Fra`ter*ni*za"tion ( or ), n.
Defn: The act of fraternizing or uniting as brothers. I hope that no French fraternization . . . could so change the hearts of Englishmen. Burke.
FRATERNIZE Fra"ter*nize ( or ; 277), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fraternized; p. pr. & vb. n.. Fraternizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. fraterniser.]
Defn: To associate or hold fellowship as brothers, or as men of like occupation or character; to have brotherly feelings.
FRATERNIZE Fra"ter*nize, v. t.
Defn: To bring into fellowship or brotherly sympathy. Correspondence for fraternizing the two nations. Burke.
FRATERNIZER Frat"er*ni`zer, n.
Defn: One who fraternizes. Burke.
FRATERY Fra"ter*y ( or ), n. Etym: [L. frater brother: cf. It. frateria a brotherhood of monks. See Friar.]
Defn: A frater house. See under Frater.
FRATRAGE Fra"trage ( or ; 48), n. Etym: [L. frater a brother.] (Law)
Defn: A sharing among brothers, or brothers' kin. [Obs.] Crabb.
FRATRICELLI Fra`tri*cel"li, n. pl. Etym: [It. fraticelli, lit., little brothers, dim. fr. frate brother, L. frater.] (Eccl. Hist.) (a) The name which St. Francis of Assisi gave to his followers, early in the 13th century. (b) A sect which seceded from the Franciscan Order, chiefly in Italy and Sicily, in 1294, repudiating the pope as an apostate, maintaining the duty of celibacy and poverty, and discountenancing oaths. Called also Fratricellians and Fraticelli.
FRATRICIDAL Frat"ri*ci`dal, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to fratricide; of the nature of fratricide.
FRATRICIDE Frat"ri*cide, n. Etym: [L. fratricidium a brother's murder, fr. fratricida a brother's murderer; frater, fratris, brother + caedere to kill: cf. F. fratricide.]
1. The act of one who murders or kills his own brother.
2. Etym: [L. fratricida: cf. F. fratricide.]
Defn: One who murders or kills his own brother.
FRAU Frau, n.; pl. Frauen (#). [G. Cf. 1st Frow.]
Defn: In Germany, a woman; a married woman; a wife; -- as a title, equivalent to Mrs., Madam.
FRAUD Fraud, n. Etym: [F. fraude, L. fraus, fraudis; prob. akin to Skr. dh to injure, dhv to cause to fall, and E. dull.]
1. Deception deliberately practiced with a view to gaining an unlawful or unfair advantage; artifice by which the right or interest of another is injured; injurious stratagem; deceit; trick. If success a lover's toil attends, Few ask, if fraud or force attained his ends. Pope.
2. (Law)
Defn: An intentional perversion of truth for the purpose of obtaining some valuable thing or promise from another.
3. A trap or snare. [Obs.] To draw the proud King Ahab into fraud. Milton. Constructive fraud (Law), an act, statement, or omission which operates as a fraud, although perhaps not intended to be such. Mozley & W. -- Pious fraud (Ch. Hist.), a fraud contrived and executed to benefit the church or accomplish some good end, upon the theory that the end justified the means. -- Statute of frauds (Law), an English statute (1676), the principle of which is incorporated in the legislation of all the States of this country, by which writing with specific solemnities (varying in the several statutes) is required to give efficacy to certain dispositions of property. Wharton.
Syn. -- Deception; deceit; guile; craft; wile; sham; strife; circumvention; stratagem; trick; imposition; cheat. See Deception.
FRAUDFUL Fraud"ful, a.
Defn: Full of fraud, deceit, or treachery; trickish; treacherous; fraudulent; -- applied to persons or things. I. Taylor. -- Fraud"ful*ly, adv.
FRAUDLESS Fraud"less, a.
Defn: Free from fraud. -- Fraud"less*ly, adv. -- Fraud"less*ness, n.
FRAUDULENCE; FRAUDULENCY Fraud"u*lence or Fraud"u*len*cy, n. Etym: [L. fraudulentia.]
Defn: The quality of being fraudulent; deliberate deceit; trickishness. Hooker.
FRAUDULENT Fraud"u*lent, a. Etym: [L. fraudulentus, fr. fraus, fraudis, frand: cf. F. fraudulent.]
1. Using fraud; trickly; deceitful; dishonest.
2. Characterized by,, founded on, or proceeding from, fraund; as, a fraudulent bargain. He, with serpent tongue, . . . His fraudulent temptation thus began. Milton.
3. Obtained or performed by artifice; as, fraudulent conquest. Milton.
Syn. -- Deceitful; fraudful; guileful; crafty; wily; cunning; subtle; deceiving; cheating; deceptive; insidious; treacherous; dishonest; designing; unfair.
FRAUDULENTLY Fraud"u*lent*ly, adv.
Defn: In a fraudulent manner.
FRAUGHT Fraught, n. Etym: [OE.fraight, fraght; akin to Dan. fragt, Sw. frakt, D. vracht, G. fracht, cf. OHG. fr merit, reward; perh. from corresponding to E. for + The root of E. own. Cf. Freight.]
Defn: A freight; a cargo. [Obs.] Shak.
FRAUGHT Fraught, a.
Defn: Freighted; laden; filled; stored; charged. A vessel of our country richly fraught. Shak. A discourse fraught with all the commending excellences oSouth. Enterprises fraught with world-wide benefits. I. Taylor.
FRAUGHT Fraught, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fraughted or Fraught; p. pr. & vb. n. Fraughting.] Etym: [Akin to Dan. fragte, Sw. frakta, D. bevrachten, G. frachten, cf. OHG. frehton to deserve. See Fraught, n.]
Defn: To freight; to load; to burden; to fill; to crowd. [Obs.] Upon the tumbling billows fraughted ride The armed ships. Fairfax.
FRAUGHTAGE Fraught"age (; 48), n.
Defn: Freight; loading; cargo. [Obs.] Shak.
FRAUGHTING Fraught"ing, a.
Defn: Constituting the freight or cargo. [Obs.] "The fraughting souls within her." Shak.
FRAULEIN Fräu"lein, n.sing. & pl. [G., dim. of frau woman. See Frau.]
Defn: In Germany, a young lady; an unmarried woman; -- as a title, equivalent to Miss.
FRAUNHOFER LINES Fraun"ho*fer lines`. (Physics.)
Defn: The lines of the spectrun; especially and properly, the dark lines of the solar spectrum, so called because first accurately observed and interpreted by Fraunhofer, a German physicist.
FRAXIN Frax"in, n. Etym: [From Fraxinus.] (Chem.)
Defn: A colorless crystalline substance, regarded as a glucoside, and found in the bark of the ash (Fraxinus) and along with esculin in the bark of the horse-chestnut. It shows a delicate fluorescence in alkaline solutions; -- called also paviin.
FRAXINUS Frax"i*nus, n. Etym: [L., the ash tree.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of deciduous forest trees, found in the north temperate zone, and including the true ash trees.
Note: Fraxinus excelsior is the European ash; F. Americana, the white ash; F. sambucifolia, the black ash or water ash.
FRAY Fray, n. Etym: [Abbreviated from affray.]
Defn: Affray; broil; contest; combat. Who began this bloody fray Shak.
FRAY Fray, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Fraying.] Etym: [See 1st Fray, and cf. Affray.]
Defn: To frighten; to terrify; to alarm. I. Taylor. What frays ye, that were wont to comfort me affrayed Spenser.
FRAY Fray, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OF. fraier. See Defray, v. t.]
Defn: To bear the expense of; to defray. [Obs.] The charge of my most curious and costly ingredients frayed, I shall acknowledge myself amply satisfied. Massinger.
FRAY Fray, v. t. Etym: [OF. freier, fraier, froier, to rub. L. fricare; cf. friare to crumble, E. friable; perh. akin to Gr. gh to rub, scratch. Cf. Friction.]
Defn: To rub; to wear off, or wear into shreds, by rubbing; to fret, as cloth; as, a deer is said to fray her head.
FRAY Fray, v. i.
1. To rub. We can show the marks he made When 'gainst the oak his antlers frayed. Sir W. Scott.
2. To wear out or into shreads, or to suffer injury by rubbing, as when the threads of the warp or of the woof wear off so that the cross threads are loose; to ravel; as, the cloth frays badly. A suit of frayed magnificience. tennyson.
FRAY Fray, n.
Defn: A fret or chafe, as in cloth; a place injured by rubbing.
FRAYING Fray"ing, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The skin which a deer frays from his horns. B. Jonson.
FRAZZLE Fraz"zle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frazzled; p. pr. & vb. n. Frazzling.] [Cf. G. faseln, and E. fray.]
Defn: To fray; to wear or pull into tatters or tag ends; to tatter; - -used literally and figuratively. [Prov. Eng. & U. S.]
Her hair was of a reddish gray color, and its frazzled and tangled condition suggested that the woman had recently passed through a period of extreme excitement. J. C. Harris.
FRAZZLE Fraz"zle, n.
Defn: The act or result of frazzling; the condition or quality of being frazzled; the tag end; a frayed-out end. [Prov. Eng. & U. S.]
My fingers are all scratched to frazzles. Kipling.
Gordon had sent word to Lee that he "had fought his corps to a frazzle." Nicolay & Hay (Life of Lincoln).
FREAK Freak, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Freaked; p. pr. & vb. n. Freaking.] Etym: [Akin to OE. frakin, freken, freckle, Icel. freknur, pl., Sw. fräkne, Dan. fregne, Gr. prsçni variegated. Cf. Freckle, Freck.]
Defn: To variegate; to checker; to streak. [R.] Freaked with many a mingled hue. Thomson.
FREAK Freak, n. Etym: [Prob. from OE. frek bold, AS. frec bold, greedly; akin to OHG. freh greedly, G. frech insolent, Icel. frekr greedly, Goth. faíhufriks avaricious.]
Defn: A sudden causeless change or turn of the mind; a whim of fancy; a capricious prank; a vagary or caprice. She is restless and peevish, and sometimes in a freak will instantly change her habitation. Spectator.
Syn. -- Whim; caprice; folly; sport. See Whim.
FREAKING Freak"ing, a.
Defn: Freakish. [Obs.] Pepys.
FREAKISH Freak"ish, a.
Defn: Apt to change the mind suddenly; whimsical; capricious. It may be a question whether the wife or the woman was the more freakish of the two. L'Estrange. Freakish when well, and fretful when she's sick. Pope. -- Freak"ish*ly, adv. -- Freak"ish*ness, n.
FRECK Freck, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Freak, v. t., Freckle.]
Defn: To checker; to diversify. [R. & Poet.] The painted windows, frecking gloom with glow. Lowell.
FRECKLE Freck"le, n. Etym: [Dim., from the same root as freak, v. t.]
1. A small yellowish or brownish spot in the skin, particularly on the face, neck, or hands.
2. Any small spot or discoloration.
FRECKLE Frec"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Freckled; p. pr. & vb. n. Freckling.]
Defn: To spinkle or mark with freckle or small discolored spots; to spot.
FRECKLE Frec"kle, v. i.
Defn: To become covered or marked with freckles; to be spotted.
FRECKLED Frec"kled, a.
Defn: Marked with freckles; spotted. "The freckled trout." Dryden. The freckled cowslip, burnet, and green clover. Shak.
FRECKLEDNESS Frec"kled*ness, n.
Defn: The state of being freckled.
FRECKLY Frec"kly, a.
Defn: Full of or marked with freckles; sprinkled with spots; freckled.
FRED Fred, n. Etym: [AS. fri peace. See Frith inclosure.]
Defn: Peace; -- a word used in composition, especially in proper names; as, Alfred; Frederic.
FREDSTOLE Fred"stole`, n. [Obs.]
Defn: See Fridstol. Fuller.
FREE Free, a. [Compar. Freer; superl. Freest.] Etym: [OE. fre, freo, AS. freó, fri; akin to D. vrij, OS. & OHG. fri, G. frei, Icel. fri, Sw. & Dan. fri, Goth. freis, and also to Skr. prija beloved, dear, fr. pri to love, Goth. frij. Cf. Affray, Belfry, Friday, Friend, Frith inclosure.]
1. Exempt from subjection to the will of others; not under restraint, control, or compulsion; able to follow one's own impulses, desires, or inclinations; determining one's own course of action; not dependent; at liberty. That which has the power, or not the power, to operate, is that alone which is or is not free. Locke.
2. Not under an arbitrary or despotic government; subject only to fixed laws regularly and fairly administered, and defended by them from encroachments upon natural or acquired rights; enjoying political liberty.
3. Liberated, by arriving at a certain age, from the control of parents, guardian, or master.
4. Not confined or imprisoned; released from arrest; liberated; at liberty to go. Set an unhappy prisoner free. Prior.
5. Not subjected to the laws of physical necessity; capable of voluntary activity; endowed with moral liberty; -- said of the will. Not free, what proof could they have given sincere Of true allegiance, constant faith, or love. Milton.
6. Clear of offense or crime; guiltless; innocent. My hands are guilty, but my heart is free. Dryden.
7. Unconstrained by timidity or distrust; unreserved; ingenuous; frank; familiar; communicative. He was free only with a few. Milward.
8. Unrestrained; immoderate; lavish; licentious; -- used in a bad sense. The critics have been very free in their censures. Felton. A man may live a free life as to wine or women. Shelley.
9. Not close or parsimonious; liberal; open-handed; lavish; as, free with his money.
10. Exempt; clear; released; liberated; not encumbered or troubled with; as, free from pain; free from a burden; -- followed by from, or, rarely, by of. Princes declaring themselves free from the obligations of their treaties. Bp. Burnet.
11. Characteristic of one acting without restraint; charming; easy.
12. Ready; eager; acting without spurring or whipping; spirited; as, a free horse.
13. Invested with a particular freedom or franchise; enjoying certain immunities or privileges; admitted to special rights; -- followed by of. He therefore makes all birds, of every sect, Free of his farm. Dryden.
14. Thrown open, or made accessible, to all; to be enjoyed without limitations; unrestricted; not obstructed, engrossed, or appropriated; open; -- said of a thing to be possessed or enjoyed; as, a free school. Why, sir, I pray, are not the streets as free For me as for you Shak.
15. Not gained by importunity or purchase; gratuitous; spontaneous; as, free admission; a free gift.
16. Not arbitrary or despotic; assuring liberty; defending individual rights against encroachment by any person or class; instituted by a free people; -- said of a government, institutions, etc.
17. (O. Eng. Law)
Defn: Certain or honorable; the opposite of base; as, free service; free socage. Burrill.
18. (Law)
Defn: Privileged or individual; the opposite of common; as, a free fishery; a free warren. Burrill.
19. Not united or combined with anything else; separated; dissevered; unattached; at liberty to escape; as, free carbonic acid gas; free cells. Free agency, the capacity or power of choosing or acting freely, or without necessity or constraint upon the will. -- Free bench (Eng. Law), a widow's right in the copyhold lands of her husband, corresponding to dower in freeholds. -- Free board (Naut.), a vessel's side between water line and gunwale. -- Free bond (Chem.), an unsaturated or unemployed unit, or bond, of affinity or valence, of an atom or radical. -- Free-borough men (O.Eng. Law). See Friborg. -- Free chapel (Eccles.), a chapel not subject to the jurisdiction of the ordinary, having been founded by the king or by a subject specially authorized. [Eng.] Bouvier. -- Free charge (Elec.), a charge of electricity in the free or statical condition; free electricity. -- Free church. (a) A church whose sittings are for all and without charge. (b) An ecclesiastical body that left the Church of Scotland, in 1843, to be free from control by the government in spiritual matters. -- Free city, or Free town, a city or town independent in its government and franchises, as formerly those of the Hanseatic league. -- Free cost, freedom from charges or expenses. South. -- Free and easy, unconventional; unrestrained; regardless of formalities. [Colloq.] "Sal and her free and easy ways." W. Black. -- Free goods, goods admitted into a country free of duty. -- Free labor, the labor of freemen, as distinguished from that of slaves. -- Free port. (Com.) (a) A port where goods may be received and shipped free of custom duty. (b) A port where goods of all kinds are received from ships of all nations at equal rates of duty. -- Free public house, in England, a tavern not belonging to a brewer, so that the landlord is free to brew his own beer or purchase where he chooses. Simmonds. -- Free school. (a) A school to which pupils are admitted without discrimination and on an equal footing. (b) A school supported by general taxation, by endowmants, etc., where pupils pay nothing for tuition; a public school. -- Free services (O.Eng. Law), such feudal services as were not unbecoming the character of a soldier or a freemen to perform; as, to serve under his lord in war, to pay a sum of money, etc. Burrill. -- Free ships, ships of neutral nations, which in time of war are free from capture even though carrying enemy's goods. -- Free socage (O.Eng. Law), a feudal tenure held by certain services which, though honorable, were not military. Abbott. -- Free States, those of the United States before the Civil War, in which slavery had ceased to exist, or had never existed. -- Free stuff (Carp.), timber free from knots; clear stuff. -- Free thought, that which is thought independently of the authority of others. -- Free trade, commerce unrestricted by duties or tariff regulations. -- Free trader, one who believes in free trade. -- To make free with, to take liberties with; to help one's self to. [Colloq.] -- To sail free (Naut.), to sail with the yards not braced in as sharp as when sailing closehauled, or close to the wind.
FREE Free, adv.
1. Freely; willingly. [Obs.] I as free forgive you As I would be forgiven. Shak.
2. Without charge; as, children admitted free.
FREE Free, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Freed; p. pr. & vb. n. Freeing.] Etym: [OE. freen, freoien, AS. freógan. See Free, a.]
1. To make free; to set at liberty; to rid of that which confines, limits, embarrasses, oppresses, etc.; to release; to disengage; to clear; -- followed by from, and sometimes by off; as, to free a captive or a slave; to be freed of these inconveniences. Clarendon. Our land is from the rage of tigers freed. Dryden. Arise, . . . free thy people from their yoke. Milton.
2. To remove, as something that confines or bars; to relieve from the constraint of. This master key Frees every lock, and leads us to his person. Dryden.
3. To frank. [Obs.] Johnson.
FREEBOOTER Free"boot`er, n. Etym: [D. vrijbuiter, fr. vrijbuiten to plunder; vrij free + buit booty, akin to E. booty. See Free, and Booty, and cf. Filibuster.]
Defn: One who plunders or pillages without the authority of national warfare; a member of a predatory band; a pillager; a buccaneer; a sea robber. Bacon.
FREEBOOTERY Free"boot`er*y, n.
Defn: The act, practice, or gains of a freebooter; freebooting. Booth.
FREEBOOTING Free"boot`ing, n.
Defn: Robbery; plunder; a pillaging.
FREEBOOTING Free"boot`ing, a.
Defn: Acting the freebooter; practicing freebootery; robbing. Your freebooting acquaintance. Sir W. Scott.
FREEBOOTY Free"boot`y, n.
Defn: Freebootery. [Obs.]
FREEBORN Free"born`, a.
Defn: Born free; not born in vasssalage; inheriting freedom.
FREE COINAGE Free coinage.
Defn: In the fullest sense, the conversion of bullion (of any specified metal) into legal-tender coins for any person who chooses to bring it to the mint; in a modified sense, such coinage when done at a fixed charge proportionate to the cost of the operation.
FREE-DENIZEN Free"-den`i*zen, v. t.
Defn: To make free. [R.]
FREEDMAN Freed"man, n.; pl. Freedmen (.
Defn: A man who has been a slave, and has been set free.
FREEDOM Free"dom, n. Etym: [AS. freód; freófree + -dom. See Free, and -dom.]
1. The state of being free; exemption from the power and control of another; liberty; independence. Made captive, yet deserving freedom more. Milton.
2. Privileges; franchises; immunities. Your charter and your caty's freedom. Shak.
3. Exemption from necessity, in choise and action; as, the freedom of the will.
4. Ease; facility; as, he speaks or acts with freedom.
5. Frankness; openness; unreservedness. I emboldened spake and freedom used. Milton.
6. Improper familiarity; violation of the rules of decorum; license.
7. Generosity; liberality. [Obs.] Chaucer. Freedom fine, a sum paid on entry to incorporations of trades. -- Freedom of the city, the possession of the rights and privileges of a freeman of the city; formerly often, and now occasionally, conferred on one not a resident, as a mark of honorary distinction for public services.
Syn. -- See Liberty.
FREEDSTOOL Freed"stool`, n. [Obs.]
Defn: See Fridstol.
FREE-HAND Free"-hand`, a.
Defn: Done by the hand, without support, or the guidance of instruments; as, free-hand drawing. See under Drawing.
FREE-HANDED Free"-hand`ed, a.
Defn: Open-handed; liberal.
FREE-HEARTED Free"-heart`ed, a.
Defn: Open; frank; unreserved; liberal; generous; as, free-hearted mirth. -- Free"-heart`ed*ly, adv. -- Free"-heart`ed*ness, n.
FREEHOLD Free"hold`, n. (LAw)
Defn: An estate in real property, of inheritance (in fee simple or fee tail) or for life; or the tenure by which such estate is held. Kent. Burrill. To abate into a freehold. See under Abate.
FREEHOLDER Free"hold`er, n. (Law)
Defn: The possessor of a freehold.
FREE-LIVER Free"-liv`er, n.
Defn: One who gratifies his appetites without stint; one given to indulgence in eating and drinking.
FREE-LIVING Free"-liv`ing, n.
Defn: Unrestrained indulgence of the appetites.
FREE-LOVE Free"-love`, n.
Defn: The doctrine or practice of consorting with the opposite sex, at pleasure, without marriage.
FREE-LOVER Free"-lov`er, n.
Defn: One who believes in or practices free-love.
FREELTE Freel"te, n.
Defn: Frailty. [Obs.] Chaucer.
FREELY Free"ly, adv. Etym: [AS. freólice.]
Defn: In a free manner; without restraint or compulsion; abundantly; gratuitously. Of every tree of the garden thou mayst freely eat. Gen. ii. 16. Freely ye have received, freely give. Matt. x. 8. Freely they stood who stood, and fell who fell. Milton. Freely we serve Because we freely love. Milton.
Syn. -- Independently; voluntarily; spontaneously; unconditionally; unobstructedly; willingly; readily; liberally; generously; bounteously; munificently; bountifully; abundantly; largely; copiously; plentifully; plenteously.
FREEMAN Free"man, n.; pl. Freemen. Etym: [AS. freóman; freófree + mann man.]
1. One who enjoys liberty, or who is not subject to the will of another; one not a slave or vassal.
2. A member of a corporation, company, or city, possessing certain privileges; a member of a borough, town, or State, who has the right to vote at elections. See Liveryman. Burrill. Both having been made freemen on the same day. Addison.
FREE-MARTIN Free"-mar`tin, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: An imperfect female calf, twinborn with a male.
FREEMASON Free"ma`son, n.
Defn: One of an ancient and secret association or fraternity, said to have been at first composed of masons or builders in stone, but now consisting of persons who are united for social enjoyment and mutual assistance.
FREEMASONIC Free`ma*son"ic, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, the institutions or the practices of freemasons; as, a freemasonic signal.
FREEMASONRY Free"ma`son*ry, n.
Defn: The institutions or the practices of freemasons.
FREE-MILLING Free"-mill`ing, a.
Defn: Yielding free gold or silver; -- said of certain ores which can be reduced by crushing and amalgamation, without roasting or other chemical treatment. Raymond.
FREE-MINDED Free"-mind`ed, a.
Defn: Not perplexed; having a mind free from care. Bacon.
FREENESS Free"ness, n.
Defn: The state or quality of being free; freedom; liberty; openness; liberality; gratuitousness.
FREER Fre"er, n.
Defn: One who frees, or sets free.
FREE SILVER Free silver.
Defn: The free coinage of silver; often, specif., the free coinage of silver at a fixed ratio with gold, as at the ratio of 16 to 1, which ratio for some time represented nearly or exactly the ratio of the market values of gold and silver respectively.
FREE-SOIL Free"-soil`, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or advocating, the non-extension of slavery; -- esp. applied to a party which was active during the period 1846-1856. [U.S.] -- Free"soil`er, n. [U.S.] -- Free"-soil`ism, n. [U.S.]
FREE-SPOKEN Free"-spo`ken, a.
Defn: Accustomed to speak without reserve. Bacon. -- Free"-spo`ken-ness, n.
FREESTONE Free"stone`, n.
Defn: A stone composed of sand or grit; -- so called because it is easily cut or wrought.
FREESTONE Free"stone`, a.
Defn: Having the flesh readily separating from the stone, as in certain kinds of peaches.
FREE-SWIMMING Free"-swim`ming, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Swimming in the open sea; -- said of certain marine animals.
FREETHINKER Free"think`er, n.
Defn: One who speculates or forms opinions independently of the authority of others; esp., in the sphere or religion, one who forms opinions independently of the authority of revelation or of the church; an unbeliever; -- a term assumed by deists and skeptics in the eighteenth century. Atheist is an old-fashioned word: I'm a freethinker, child. Addison.
Syn. -- Infidel; skeptic; unbeliever. See Infidel.
FREETHINKING Free"think`ing, n.
Defn: Undue boldness of speculation; unbelief. Berkeley. -- a.
Defn: Exhibiting undue boldness of speculation; skeptical.
FREE-TONGUED Free"-tongued`, a.
Defn: Speaking without reserve. Bp. Hall.
FREEWHEEL Free"wheel`, n. (Mach.)
Defn: A clutch fitted in the rear hub of a cycle, which engages the rear sprocket with the rear wheel when the pedals are rotated forwards, but permits the rear wheel to run on free from the rear sprocket when the pedals are stopped or rotated backwards. Freewheelcycles are usually fitted with hub brakes or rim brakes, operated by back pedaling.
FREEWHEEL Free"wheel`, v. i.
1. (a) Of a freewheel cycle, to run on while the pedals are held still. (b) Of a person, to ride a cycle of this manner. To ride a freewheel cycle.
2. (Mach.) To operate like a freewheel, so that one part moves freely over another which normally moves with it; -- said of a clutch.
FREE WILL Free will.
1. A will free from improper coercion or restraint. To come thus was I not constrained, but did On my free will. Shak.
2. The power asserted of moral beings of willing or choosing without the restraints of physical or absolute necessity.
FREEWILL Free"will`, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to free will; voluntary; spontaneous; as, a freewill offering. Frewill Baptists. See under Baptist.
FREEZABLE Freez"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being frozen.
FREEZE Freeze, n. (Arch.)
Defn: A frieze. [Obs.]
FREEZE Freeze, v. i. [imp. Froze; p. p. Frozen; p. pr. & vb. n. Freezing.] Etym: [OE. fresen, freosen, AS. freósan; akin to D. vriezen, OHG. iosan, G. frieren, Icel. frjsa, Sw. frysa, Dan. fryse, Goth. frius cold, frost, and prob. to L. prurire to itch, E. prurient, cf. L. prna a burning coal, pruina hoarfrost, Skr. prushva ice, prush to spirt. Frost.]
1. To become congealed by cold; to be changed from a liquid to a solid state by the abstraction of heat; to be hardened into ice or a like solid body.
Note: Water freezes at 32º above zero by Fahrenheit's thermometer; mercury freezes at 40º below zero.
2. To become chilled with cold, or as with cold; to suffer loss of animation or life by lack of heat; as, the blood freezes in the veins. To freeze up (Fig.), to become formal and cold in demeanor. [Colloq.]
FREEZE Freeze, v. t.
1. To congeal; to harden into ice; to convert from a fluid to a solid form by cold, or abstraction of heat.
2. To cause loss of animation or life in, from lack of heat; to give the sensation of cold to; to chill. A faint, cold fear runs through my veins, That almost freezes up the heat of life. Shak.
FREEZE Freeze, n.
Defn: The act of congealing, or the state of being congealed. [Colloq.]
FREEZER Freez"er, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, cools or freezes, as a refrigerator, or the tub and can used in the process of freezing ice cream.
FREEZING Freez"ing, a.
Defn: Tending to freeze; for freezing; hence, cold or distant in manner. -- Frrez"ing*ly, adv. Freezing machine. See Ice machine, under Ice. -- Freezing mixture, a mixture (of salt and snow or of chemical salts) for producing intense cold. -- Freezing point, that degree of a thermometer at which a fluid begins to freeze; -- applied particularly to water, whose freezing point is at 32º Fahr., and at 0º Centigrade.
FREIESLEBENITE Frei"es*le`ben*ite, n. Etym: [Named after the German chemist Freiesleben.]
Defn: A sulphide of antimony, lead, and silver, occuring in monoclinic crystals.
FREIGHT Freight, n. Etym: [F. fret, OHG. fr merit, reward. See Fraught, n.]
1. That with which anything in fraught or laden for transportation; lading; cargo, especially of a ship, or a car on a railroad, etc.; as, a freight of cotton; a full freight.
2. (Law) (a) The sum paid by a party hiring a ship or part of a ship for the use of what is thus hired. (b) The price paid a common carrier for the carriage of goods. Wharton.
3. Freight transportation, or freight line.
FREIGHT Freight, a.
Defn: Employed in the transportation of freight; having to do with freight; as, a freight car. Freight agent, a person employed by a transportation company to receive, forward, or deliver goods. -- Freight car. See under Car. -- Freight train, a railroad train made up of freight cars; -- called in England goods train.
FREIGHT Freight, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Freighted; p. pr. & vb. n. Freighting.] Etym: [Cf. F. freter.]
Defn: To load with goods, as a ship, or vehicle of any kind, for transporting them from one place to another; to furnish with freight; as, to freight a ship; to freight a car.
FREIGHTAGE Freight"age, n.
1. Charge for transportation; expense of carriage.
2. The transportation of freight.
3. Freight; cargo; lading. Milton.
FREIGHTER Freight"er, n.
1. One who loads a ship, or one who charters and loads a ship.
2. One employed in receiving and forwarding freight.
3. One for whom freight is transported.
4. A vessel used mainly to carry freight.
FREIGHTLESS Freight"less, a.
Defn: Destitute of freight.
FREIHERR Frei"herr`, n.; pl. Freiherrn (#). [G., lit., free lord.]
Defn: In Germany and Austria, a baron.
FRELTE Frel"te, n.
Defn: Frailty. [Obs.] Chaucer.
FREMD; FREMED Fremd, Frem"ed a. Etym: [OE., from AS. fremede, fremde; akin to G. fremd.]
Defn: Strange; foreign. [Old Eng. & Scot.] Chaucer.
FREMESCENT Fre*mes"cent, a. [L. fremere to roar, murmur + -escent.]
Defn: Becoming murmurous, roaring. "Fremescent clangor." Carlyle. -- Fre*mes"cence (#), n.
FREMITUS Frem"i*tus, n., sing. & pl. [L., a murmuring, roaring.] (Med.)
Defn: Palpable vibration or thrill; as, the rhonchial fremitus.
FREN Fren, n. Etym: [OE. frenne, contr. fr. forrene foreign. See Foreign, a.]
Defn: A stranger. [Obs.] Spenser.
FRENCH French, a. Etym: [AS. frencisc, LL. franciscus, from L. Francus a Frank: cf. OF. franceis, franchois, fran, F. franFrank, a., and cf. Frankish.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to France or its inhabitants. French bean (Bot.), the common kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). -- French berry (Bot.), the berry of a species of buckthorn (Rhamnus catharticus), which affords a saffron, green or purple pigment. -- French casement (Arch.) See French window, under Window. -- French chalk (Min.), a variety of granular talc; -- used for drawing lines on cloth, etc. See under Chalk. -- French cowslip (Bot.) The Primula Auricula. See Bear's-ear. -- French fake (Naut.), a mode of coiling a rope by running it backward and forward in parallel bends, so that it may run freely. -- French honeysuckle (Bot.) a plant of the genus Hedysarum (H. coronarium); -- called also garland honeysuckle. -- French horn, a metallic wind instrument, consisting of a long tube twisted into circular folds and gradually expanding from the mouthpiece to the end at which the sound issues; -- called in France cor de chasse. -- French leave, an informal, hasty, or secret departure; esp., the leaving a place without paying one's debts. -- French pie Etym: [French (here used in sense of "foreign") + pie a magpie (in allusion to its black and white color)] (Zoöl.), the European great spotted woodpecker (Dryobstes major); -- called also wood pie. -- French polish. (a) A preparation for the surface of woodwork, consisting of gums dissolved in alcohol, either shellac alone, or shellac with other gums added. (b) The glossy surface produced by the application of the above. -- French purple, a dyestuff obtained from lichens and used for coloring woolen and silken fabrics, without the aid of mordants. Ure. -- French red rouge. -- French rice, amelcorn. -- French roof (Arch.), a modified form of mansard roof having a nearly flat deck for the upper slope. -- French tub, a dyer's mixture of protochloride of tin and logwood; -- called also plum tub. Ure. -- French window. See under Window.
FRENCH French, n.
1. The language spoken in France.
2. Collectively, the people of France.
FRENCHIFY French"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frenchified; p. pr. & vb. n. Frenchifying.] Etym: [French + -fy.]
Defn: To make French; to infect or imbue with the manners or tastes of the French; to Gallicize. Burke.
FRENCHISM French"ism, n.
Defn: A French mode or characteristic; an idiom peculiar to the French language. Earle.
FRENCHMAN French"man, n.; pl. Frenchmen (.
Defn: A native or one of the people of France.
FRENETIC Fre*net"ic, a. Etym: [See Frantic, a.]
Defn: Distracted; mad; frantic; phrenetic. Milton.
FRENETICAL Fre*net"ic*al, a.
Defn: Frenetic; frantic; frenzied. -- Frenet"ic*al*ly, adv.
FRENUM Fre"num, n.; pl. E. Frenums, L. Frena. Etym: [L., a bridle.]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A cheek stripe of color.
2. (Anat.)
Defn: Same as Frænum.
FRENZICAL Fren"zi*cal, a.
Defn: Frantic. [Obs.] Orrery.
FRENZIED Fren"zied, p. p. & a.
Defn: Affected with frenzy; frantic; maddened. -- Fren"zied-ly, adv. The people frenzied by centuries of oppression. Buckle. Up starting with a frenzied look. Sir W Scott.
FRENZY Fren"zy, n.; pl. Frenzies. Etym: [OE. frenesie, fransey, F. frénésie, L. phrenesis, fr. Gr. Frantic, Phrenitis.]
Defn: Any violent agitation of the mind approaching to distraction; violent and temporary derangement of the mental faculties; madness; rage. All else is towering frenzy and distraction. Addison. The poet's eye in a fine frenzy rolling. Shak.
Syn. -- Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangment; alienation; aberration; delirium. See Insanity.
FRENZY Fren"zy, a.
Defn: Mad; frantic. [R.] They thought that some frenzy distemper had got into his head. Bunyan.
FRENZY Fren"zy, v. t.
Defn: To affect with frenzy; to drive to madness [R.] "Frenzying anguish." Southey.
FREQUENCE Fre"quence, n. Etym: [See Frequency.]
1. A crowd; a throng; a concourse. [Archaic.] Tennyson.
2. Frequency; abundance. [R.] Bp. Hall.
FREQUENCY Fre"quen*cy, n.; pl. Frequencies. Etym: [L. frequentia numerous attendance, multitude: cf. F. fréquence. See Frequent.]
1. The condition of returning frequently; occurrence often repeated; common occurence; as, the frequency of crimes; the frequency of miracles. The reasons that moved her to remove were, because Rome was a place of riot and luxury, her soul being almost stifled with, the frequencies of ladies' visits. Fuller.
2. A crowd; a throng. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
FREQUENT Fre"quent, a. Etym: [L. frequens, -entis, crowded, frequent, akin to farcire to stuff: cf. F. fréquent. Cf. Farce, n.]
1. Often to be met with; happening at short intervals; often repeated or occurring; as, frequent visits. "Frequent feudal towers." Byron.
2. Addicted to any course of conduct; inclined to indulge in any practice; habitual; persistent. He has been loud and frequent in declaring himself hearty for the government. Swift.
3. Full; crowded; thronged. [Obs.] 'T is Cæsar's will to have a frequent senate. B. Jonson.
4. Often or commonly reported. [Obs.] 'T is frequent in the city he hath subdued The Catti and the Daci. Massinger.
FREQUENT Fre*quent", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frequented; p. pr. & vb. n. Frequenting.] Etym: [L. frequentare: cf. F. fréquenter. See Frequent, a.]
1. To visit often; to resort to often or habitually. He frequented the court of Augustus. Dryden.
2. To make full; to fill. [Obs.] With their sighs the air Frequenting, sent from hearts contrite. Milton.
FREQUENTABLE Fre*quent"a*ble, a.
Defn: Accessible. [R.] Sidney.
FREQUENTAGE Fre*quent"age, n.
Defn: The practice or habit of frequenting. [R.] Southey.
FREQUENTATION Fre"quen*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. frequentatio a crowding together, frequency: cf. F. fréquentation.]
Defn: The act or habit of frequenting or visiting often; resort. Chesterfield.
FREQUENTATIVE Fre*quent"a*tive, a. Etym: [L. frequentativus: cf. F. fréquentatif.] (Gram.)
Defn: Serving to express the frequent repetition of an action; as, a frequentative verb. -- n.
Defn: A frequentative verb.
FREQUENTER Fre*quent*er, n.
Defn: One who frequents; one who often visits, or resorts to customarily.
FREQUENTLY Fre*quent*ly, adv.
Defn: At frequent or short intervals; many times; often; repeatedly; commonly.
FREQUENTNESS Fre"quent*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being frequent.
FRERE Frère, n. Etym: [F. See Friar.]
Defn: A friar. Chaucer.
FRESCADE Fres"cade, n. Etym: [See Fresco, Fresh, a.]
Defn: A cool walk; shady place. [R.] Maunder.
FRESCO Fres"co, n.; pl. Frescoes or Frescos. Etym: [It., fr. fresco fresh; of German origin. See Fresh, a.]
1. A cool, refreshing state of the air; duskiness; coolness; shade. [R.] Prior.
2. (Fine Arts) (a) The art of painting on freshly spread plaster, before it dries. (b) In modern parlance, incorrectly applied to painting on plaster in any manner. (c) A painting on plaster in either of senses a and b.
FRESCO Fres"co, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frescoed; p. pr. & vb. n. Frescoing.]
Defn: To paint in fresco, as walls.
FRESH Fresh, a. [Compar. Fresher (; superl. Freshest.] Etym: [OE. fresch, AS. fersc; akin to D. versch, G. frisch, OHG. frisc, Sw. frisk, Dan. frisk, fersk, Icel. fr frisky, brisk, ferskr fresh; cf. It. fresco, OF. fres, freis, fem. freske, fresche, F. frais, fem. fra, which are of German origin. Cf. Fraischeur, Fresco, Frisk.]
1. Possessed of original life and vigor; new and strong; unimpaired; sound.
2. New; original; additional. "Fear of fresh mistakes." Sir W. Scott. A fresh pleasure in every fresh posture of the limbs. Landor.
3. Lately produced, gathered, or prepared for market; not stale; not dried or preserved; not wilted, faded, or tainted; in good condition; as, fresh vegetables, flowers, eggs, meat, fruit, etc.; recently made or obtained; occurring again; repeated; as, a fresh supply of goods; fresh tea, raisins, etc.; lately come or made public; as, fresh news; recently taken from a well or spring; as, fresh water.
4. Youthful; florid; as, these fresh nymphs. Shak.
5. In a raw, green, or untried state; uncultivated; uncultured; unpracticed; as, a fresh hand on a ship.
6. Renewed in vigor, alacrity, or readiness for action; as, fresh for a combat; hence, tending to renew in vigor; rather strong; cool or brisk; as, a fresh wind.
7. Not salt; as, fresh water, in distinction from that which is from the sea, or brackish; fresh meat, in distinction from that which is pickled or salted. Fresh breeze (Naut.), a breeze between a moderate and a strong breeze; one blowinq about twenty miles an hour. -- Fresh gale, a gale blowing about forty-five miles an hour. -- Fresh way (Naut.), increased speed.
Syn. -- Sound; unimpaired; recent; unfaded: ruddy; florid; sweet; good: inexperienced; unpracticed: unused; lively; vigorous; strong.
FRESH Fresh, n.; pl. Freshes (.
1. A stream or spring of fresh water. He shall drink naught but brine; for I'll not show him Where the quick freshes are. Shak.
2. A flood; a freshet. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
3. The mingling of fresh water with salt in rivers or bays, as by means of a flood of fresh water flowing toward or into the sea. Beverly.
FRESH Fresh, v. t.
Defn: To refresh; to freshen. [Obs.] Rom. of R.
FRESHEN Fresh"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Freshened; p. pr. & vb. n. Freshening]
1. To make fresh; to separate, as water, from saline ingredients; to make less salt; as, to freshen water, fish, or flesh.
2. To refresh; to revive. [Obs.] Spenser.
3. (Naut.)
Defn: To relieve, as a rope, by change of place where friction wears it; or to renew, as the material used to prevent chafing; as, to freshen a hawse. Totten. To freshen ballast (Naut.), to shift Or restore it. -- To freshen the hawse, to pay out a little more cable, so as to bring the chafe on another part. -- To freshen the way, to increase the speed of a vessel. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
FRESHEN Fresh"en, v. i.
1. To grow fresh; to lose saltness.
2. To grow brisk or strong; as, the wind freshens.
FRESHET Fresh"et, n. Etym: [OE. fresche flood + -et. See Fresh, a.]
1. A stream of fresh water. [Obs.] Milton.
2. A flood or overflowing of a stream caused by heavy rains or melted snow; a sudden inundation. Cracked the sky, as ice in rivers When the freshet is at highest. Longfellow.
FRESHLY Fresh"ly, adv.
Defn: In a fresh manner; vigorously; newly, recently; brightly; briskly; coolly; as, freshly gathered; freshly painted; the wind blows freshly. Looks he as freshly as he did Shak.
FRESHMAN Fresh"man, n.; pl. Freshmen (.
Defn: novice; one in the rudiments of knowledge; especially, a student during his fist year in a college or university. He drank his glass and cracked his joke, And freshmen wondered as he spoke. Goldsmith. Freshman class, the lowest of the four classes in an American college. [ U. S.]
FRESHMANSHIP Fresh"man*ship, n.
Defn: The state of being a freshman.
FRESHMENT Fresh"ment, n.
Defn: Refreshment. [Obs.]
FRESHNESS Fresh"ness, n.
Defn: The state of being fresh. The Scots had the advantage both for number and freshness of men. Hayward. And breathe the freshness of the open air. Dryden. Her cheeks their freshness lose and wonted grace. Granville.
FRESH-NEW Fresh"-new`, a.
Defn: Unpracticed. [Obs.] Shak.
FRESH-WATER Fresh"-wa`ter, a.
1. Of, pertaining to, or living in, water not salt; as, fresh-water geological deposits; a fresh-water fish; fresh-water mussels.
2. Accustomed to sail on fresh water only; unskilled as a seaman; as, a fresh-water sailor.
3. Unskilled; raw. [Colloq.] "Fresh-water soldiers." Knolles.
FRESNEL LAMP; FRESNEL LANTERN Fres`nel" lamp", Fres`nel" lan"tern. Etym: [From Fresnel the inventor, a French physicist.]
Defn: A lantern having a lamp surrounded by a hollow cylindrical Fresnel lens.
FRESNEL LENS Fres`nel" lens". Etym: [See Fresnel lamp.] (Optics)
Defn: See under Lens.
FRET Fret, n. [Obs.]
Defn: See 1st Frith.
FRET Fret, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fretted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fretting.] Etym: [OE. freten to eat, consume; AS. fretan, for foretan; pref. for- + etan to eat; akin to D. vreten, OHG. frezzan, G. fressen, Sw. fräta, Goth. fra-itan. See For, and Eat, v. t.]
1. To devour. [Obs.] The sow frete the child right in the cradle. Chaucer.
2. To rub; to wear away by friction; to chafe; to gall; hence, to eat away; to gnaw; as, to fret cloth; to fret a piece of gold or other metal; a worm frets the plants of a ship. With many a curve my banks I fret. Tennyson.
3. To impair; to wear away; to diminish. By starts His fretted fortunes give him hope and fear. Shak.
4. To make rough, agitate, or disturb; to cause to ripple; as, to fret the surface of water.
5. To tease; to irritate; to vex. Fret not thyself because of evil doers. Ps. xxxvii. 1.
FRET Fret, v. i.
1. To be worn away; to chafe; to fray; as, a wristband frets on the edges.
2. To eat in; to make way by corrosion. Many wheals arose, and fretted one into another with great excoriation. Wiseman.
3. To be agitated; to be in violent commotion; to rankle; as, rancor frets in the malignant breast.
4. To be vexed; to be chafed or irritated; to be angry; to utter peevish expressions. He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground. Dryden.
FRET Fret, n.
1. The agitation of the surface of a fluid by fermentation or other cause; a rippling on the surface of water. Addison.
2. Agitation of mind marked by complaint and impatience; disturbance of temper; irritation; as, he keeps his mind in a continual fret. Yet then did Dennis rave in furious fret. Pope.
3. Herpes; tetter. Dunglison.
4. pl. (Mining)
Defn: The worn sides of river banks, where ores, or stones containing them, accumulate by being washed down from the hills, and thus indicate to the miners the locality of the veins.
FRET Fret, v. t. Etym: [OE. fretten to adorn, AS. frætwan, frætwian; akin to OS. fratah, cf. Goth. us-fratwjan to make wise, also AS. frætwe ornaments, OS. fratahi adornment.]
Defn: To ornament with raised work; to variegate; to diversify. Whose skirt with gold was fretted all about. Spenser. Yon gray lines, That fret the clouds, are messengers of day. Shak.
FRET Fret, n.
1. Ornamental work in relief, as carving or embossing. See Fretwork.
2. (Arch.)
Defn: An ornament consisting of smmall fillets or slats intersecting each other or bent at right angles, as in classical designs, or at obilique angles, as often in Oriental art. His lady's cabinet is a adorned on the fret, ceiling, and chimney- piece with . . . carving. Evelyn.
3. The reticulated headdress or net, made of gold or silver wire, in which ladies in the Middle Ages confined their hair. A fret of gold she had next her hair. Chaucer. Fret saw, a saw with a long, narrow blade, used in cutting frets, scrolls, etc.; a scroll saw; a keyhole saw; a compass saw.
FRET Fret, n. Etym: [F. frette a saltire, also a hoop, ferrule, prob. a dim. of L. ferrum iron. For sense 2, cf. also E. fret to rub.]
1. (Her.)
Defn: A saltire interlaced with a mascle.
2. (Mus.)
Defn: A short piece of wire, or other material fixed across the finger board of a guitar or a similar instrument, to indicate where the finger is to be placed.
FRET Fret, v. t.
Defn: To furnish with frets, as an instrument of music.
FRETFUL Fret"ful, a. Etym: [See 2d Fret.]
Defn: Disposed to fret; ill-humored; peevish; angry; in a state of vexation; as, a fretful temper. -- Fret"ful-ly, adv. -- Fret"ful-ness, n.
Syn. -- Peevish; ill-humored; ill-natured; irritable; waspish; captious; petulant; splenetic; spleeny; passionate; angry. -- Fretful, Peevish, Cross. These words all indicate an unamiable working and expression of temper. Peevish marks more especially the inward spirit: a peevish man is always ready to find fault. Fretful points rather to the outward act, and marks a complaining impatience: sickly children are apt to be fretful. Crossness is peevishness mingled with vexation or anger.
FRETT Frett, n. Etym: [See 2d Fret.] (Mining)
Defn: The worn side of the bank of a river. See 4th Fret, n., 4.
FRETT Frett, n. Etym: [See Frit.]
Defn: A vitreous compound, used by potters in glazing, consisting of lime, silica, borax, lead, and soda.
FRETTED Fret"ted, p. p. & a. Etym: [From 2d Fret.]
1. Rubbed or worn away; chafed.
2. Agitated; vexed; worried.
FRETTED Fret"ted, p. p. & a. Etym: [See 5th Fret.]
1. Ornamented with fretwork; furnished with frets; variegated; made rough on the surface.
2. (Her.)
Defn: Interlaced one with another; -- said of charges and ordinaries.
FRETTEN Fret"ten, a. Etym: [The old p. p. of fret to rub.]
Defn: Rubbed; marked; as, pock-fretten, marked with the smallpox. [Obs.] Wright.
FRETTER Fret"ter, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, frets.
FRETTY Fret"ty, a. Etym: [See 5th Fret.]
Defn: Adorned with fretwork.
FRETUM Fre"tum, n.; pl. Freta. Etym: [L.]
Defn: A strait, or arm of the sea.
FRETWORK Fret"work, n. Etym: [6th fret + work.]
Defn: Work adorned with frets; ornamental openwork or work in relief, esp. when elaborate and minute in its parts. Heuce, any minute play of light andshade, dark and light, or the like. Banqueting on the turf in the fretwork of shade and sunshine. Macaulay.
FREYA Frey"a, n. Etym: [Icel. Freyja.] (Scand. Myth.)
Defn: The daughter of Njörd, aud goddess of love and beauty; the Scandinavian Venus; -- in Teutonic myths confounded with Frigga, but in Scandinavian, distinct. [Written also Frea, Fraying, and Ereyja.]
FRIABIIITY Fri"a*bii"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. friabilité.]
Defn: The quality of being friable; friableness. Locke.
FRIABLE Fri"a*ble, a.
Defn: [friabilis, fr. friare to rub, break, or crumble into small pieces, cf. fricare to rub, E. fray. cf. F. friable.) Easily crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder. "Friable ground." Evelyn. "Soft and friable texture." Paley. -- Fri'a-ble-ness, n.
FRIAR Fri"ar, n. Etym: [OR. frere, F. frère brother, friar, fr. L. frater brother. See Brother.]
1. (R. C. Ch.)
Defn: A brother or member of any religious order, but especially of one of the four mendicant orders, viz: (a) Minors, Gray Friars, or Franciscans. (b) Augustines. (c) Dominicans or Black Friars. (d) White Friars or Carmelites. See these names in the Vocabulary.
2. (Print.)
Defn: A white or pale patch on a printed page.
3. (Zoöl.)
Defn: An American fish; the silversides. Friar bird (Zoöl.), an Australian bird (Tropidorhynchus corniculatus), having the head destitute of feathers; -- called also coldong, leatherhead, pimlico; poor soldier, and four-o'clock. The name is also applied to several other species of the same genus. -- Friar's balsam (Med.), a stimulating application for wounds and ulcers, being an alcoholic solution of benzoin, styrax, tolu balsam, and aloes; compound tincture of benzoin. Brande & C. -- Friar's cap (Bot.), the monkshood. -- Friar's cowl (Bot.), an arumlike plant (Arisarum vulgare) with a spathe or involucral leaf resembling a cowl. -- Friar's lantern, the ignis fatuus or Will-o'-the-wisp. Milton. -- Friar skate (Zoöl.), the European white or sharpnosed skate (Raia alba); -- called also Burton skate, border ray, scad, and doctor.
FRIARLY Fri"ar*ly, a.
Defn: Like a friar; inexperienced. Bacon.
FRIARY Fri"ar*y, a. Etym: [From Friar, n.]
Defn: Like a friar; pertaining to friars or to a convent. [Obs.] Camden.
FRIARY Fri"ar*y, n. Etym: [OF. frerie, frairie, fr. frère. See Friar.]
1. A monastery; a convent of friars. Drugdale.
2. The institution or praactices of friars. Fuller.
FRIATION Fri*a"tion, n. Etym: [See Friable.]
Defn: The act of breaking up or pulverizing.
FRIBBLE Frib"ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. frivole, L. frivolus, or E. frippery.]
Defn: Frivolous; trifling; sily.
FRIBBLE Frib"ble, n.
Defn: A frivolous, contemptible fellow; a fop. A pert fribble of a peer. Thackeray.
FRIBBLE Frib"ble, v. i.
1. To act in a trifling or foolish manner; to act frivolously. The fools that are fribbling round about you. Thackeray.
2. To totter. [Obs.]
FRIBBLER Frib"bler, n.
Defn: A trifler; a fribble.
FRIBBLING Frib"bling, a.
Defn: Frivolous; trining; toolishly captious.
FRIBORG; FRIBORGH Fri"borg , Fri"borgh, n. Etym: [AS. fri, lit., peace PLAGE; fri peace + borh, borg, pledge, akin to E. borrow. The first part of the word was confused with free, the last part, with borough.] (Old Eng. Law)
Defn: The pledge and tithing, afterwards called by the Normans frankpledge. See Frankpledge. [Written also friburgh and fribourg.] Burril.
FRICACE Fric"ace, n. Etym: [See Fricassee.]
1. Meat sliced and dressed with strong sauce. [Obs.] King.
2. An unguent; also, the act of rubbing with the unguent.
FRICANDEAU; FRICANDO Fri"can`deau`, Fric"*an*do (, n. Etym: [F. fricandeau; cf. Sp. fricandó.]
Defn: A ragout or fricassee of veal; a fancy dish of veal or of boned turkey, served as an entrée, -- called also fricandel. A. J. Cooley.
FRICASSEE Fric"as*see`, n. Etym: [F. fricassée, fr. fricasser to fry, fricassee; cf. LL. fricare, perh. for frictare, fricare, frictum, to rub. Cf. Fry, Friction.]
Defn: A dish made of fowls, veal, or other meat of small animals cut into pieces, and stewed in a gravy.
FRICASSEE Fric"as*see`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fricassed; p. pr. &. vb. n. Fricasseeing.]
Defn: To dress like a fricassee.
FRICATION Fri*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. fricatio, fr. fricare, fricatum, to rub. ]
Defn: Friction. [Obs.] Bacon.
FRICATIVE Fric"a*tive, a. Etym: [See Frication.] (Phon.)
Defn: Produced by the friction or rustling of the breath, intonated or unintonated, through a narrow opening between two of the mouth organs; uttered through a close approach, but not with a complete closure, of the organs of articulation, and hence capable of being continued or prolonged; -- said of certain consonantal sounds, as f, v, s, z, etc. -- n.
Defn: A fricative consonant letter or sound. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 197-206, etc.
FRICATRICE Fric"a*trice, n. Etym: [Cf. L. frictrix, fr. fricare to rub.]
Defn: A lewd woman; a harlot. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
FRICKLE Fric"kle, n.
Defn: A bushel basket. [Obs.]
FRICTION Fric"tion, n. Etym: [L. frictio, fr. fricare, frictum,to rub: cf. F. friction. See Fray to rub, arid cf. Dentifrice.]
1. The act of rubbing the surface of one body against that of another; attrition; in hygiene, the act of rubbing the body with the hand, with flannel, or with a brush etc., to excite the skin to healthy action.
2. (Mech.)
Defn: The resistance which a body meets with from the surface on which it moves. It may be resistance to sliding motion, or to rolling motion.
3. A clashing between two persons or parties in opinions or work; a disagreement tending to prevent or retard progress. Angle of friction (Mech.), the angle which a plane onwhich a body is lying makes with a horizontal plane,when the hody is just ready to slide dewn the plane.
Note: This angle varies for different bodies, and for planes of different materials. -- Anti-friction wheels (Mach.), wheels turning freely on small pivots, and sustaining, at the angle formed by their circumferences, the pivot or journal of a revolving shaft, to relieve it of friction; -- called also friction wheels. -- Friction balls, or Friction rollers, balls or rollers placed so as to receive the pressure or weight of bodies in motion, and relieve friction, as in the hub of a bicycle wheel. -- Friction brake (Mach.), a form of dynamometer for measuring the power a motor exerts. A clamp around the revolving shaft or fly wheel of the motor resists the motion by its friction, the work thus absorbed being ascertained by observing the force required to keep the clamp from revolving with the shaft; a Prony brake. -- Friction chocks, brakes attached to the common standing garrison carriages of guns, so as to raise the trucks or wheels off the platform when the gun begins to recoil, and prevent its running back. Earrow. -- Friction clutch, Friction coupling, an engaging and disengaging gear for revolving shafts, pulleys, etc., acting by friction; esp.: (a) A device in which a piece on one shaft or pulley is so forcibly pressed against a piece on another shaft that the two will revolve together; as, in the illustration, the cone a on one shaft, when thrust forcibly into the corresponding hollow cone b on the other shaft, compels the shafts to rotate together, by the hold the friction of the conical surfaces gives. (b) A toothed clutch, one member of which, instead of being made fast on its shaft, is held by friction and can turn, by slipping, under excessive strain or in starting. -- Friction drop hammer, one in which the hammer is raised for striking by the friction of revolving rollers which nip the hammer rod. -- Friction gear. See Frictional gearing, under Frictional. -- Friction machine, an electrical machine, generating electricity by friction. -- Friction meter, an instrument for measuring friction, as in testing lubricants. -- Friction powder, Friction composition, a composition of chlorate of potassium, antimony, sulphide, etc, which readily ignites by friction. -- Friction primer, Friction tube, a tube used for firing cannon by means of the friction of a roughened wire in the friction powder or composition with which the tube is filled -- Friction wheel (Mach.), one of the wheels in frictional gearing. See under Frictional.
FRICTIONAL Fric"tion*al, a.
Defn: Relating to friction; moved by friction; produced by friction; as, frictional electricity. Frictional gearing, wheels which transmit motion by surface friction instead of teeth. The faces are sometimes made more or less V-shaped to increase or decrease friction, as required.
FRICTIONLESS Fric"tion*less, a.
Defn: Having no friction.
FRIDAY Fri"day, n. Etym: [AS. frigedæg, fr. Frigu, the gooddes of marriage; friqu love + dæg day; cf. Icel. Frigg name of a goddess, the wife of Odin or Wodan, OHG. Friatag, Isel. Frjadagr. AS. frigu is prob. from the root of E. friend, free. See Free, and Day.]
Defn: The sixth day of the week, following Thursday and preceding Saturday.
FRIDGE Fridge, v. t. Etym: [AS. frician to dance, from free bold. Cf. Freak, n.]
Defn: To rub; to fray. [Obs.] Sterne.
FRIDSTOL; FRITHSTOOL Frid"stol`, Frith`stool", n. Etym: [AS. fril. See Fred, and Stool.]
Defn: A seat in churches near the altar, to which offenders formerly fled for sanctuary. [Written variously fridstool, freedstool, etc.] [Obs.]
FRIED Fried,
Defn: imp. & p. p. of Fry.
FRIEND Friend, n. Etym: [OR. frend, freond, AS. freónd, prop. p. pr. of freón, freógan, to love; akin to D. vriend friend, OS. friund friend, friohan to love, OHG. friunt friend, G. freund, Icel. frændi kinsman, Sw. frände. Goth. frij friend, frij to love. sq. root83. See Free, and cf. Fiend.]
1. One who entertains for another suo Want gives to know the flatterer from the friend. Dryden. A friend that sticketh closer than a brother. Prov. xviii. 24.
2. One not inimical or hostile; one not a foe or enemy; also, one of the same nation, party, kin, etc., whose friendly feelings may be assumed. The word is some times used as a term of friendly address. Friend, how camest thou in hither Matt. xxii. 12.
3. One who looks propitiously on a cause, an institution, a project, and the like; a favorer; a promoter; as, a friend to commerce, to poetry, to an institution.
4. One of a religious sect characterized by disuse of outward rites and an ordained ministry, by simplicity of dress and speech, and esp. by opposition to war and a desire to live at peace with all men. They are popularly called Quakers. America was first visited by Friends in 1656. T. Chase.
5. A paramour of either sex. [Obs.] Shak. A friend at court or in court, one disposed to act as a friend in a place of special opportunity or influence. -- To be friends with, to have friendly relations with. "He's . . . friends with Cæsar." Shak. -- To make friends with, to become reconciled to or on friendly terms with. "Having now made friends with the Athenians." Jowett (Thucyd. ).
FRIEND Friend, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Friended; p. pr, & vb. n. Friending.]
Defn: To act as the friend of; to favor; to countenance; to befriend. [Obs.] Fortune friends the bold. Spenser.
FRIENDED Friend"ed, a.
1. Having friends; [Obs.]
2. Iuclined to love; well-disposed. [Obs.] Shak.
FRIENDING Friend"ing, n.
Defn: Friendliness. [Obs.] Shak.
FRIENDLESS Friend"less, a. Etym: [AS. freóndleás.]
Defn: Destitute of friends; forsaken. -- Friend"less*ness, n.
FRIENDLILY Friend"li*ly, adv.
Defn: In a friendly manner. Pope.
FRIENDLINESS Friend"li*ness, n.
Defn: The condition or quality of being friendly. Sir P. Sidney.
FRIENDLY Friend"ly, a. Etym: [AS. freéndlice.]
1. Having the temper and disposition of a friend; disposed to promote the good of another; kind; favorable.
2. Appropriate to, or implying, friendship; befitting friends; amicable. In friendly relations with his moderate opponents. Macaulay.
3. Not hostile; as, a friendly power or state.
4. Promoting the good of any person; favorable; propitious; serviceable; as, a friendly breeze or gale. On the first friendly bank he throws him down. Addison.
Syn. -- Amicable; kind; conciliatory; propitious; favorable. See Amicable.
FRIENDLY Friend"ly, adv.
Defn: In the manner of friends; amicably; like friends. [Obs.] Shak. In whom all graces that can perfect beauty Are friendly met. Beau. & Fl.
FRIENDSHIP Friend"ship, n. Etym: [AS. freóndscipe. See Friend, and -ship.]
1. The state of being friends; friendly relation, or attachment, to a person, or between persons; affection arising from mutual esteem and good will; friendliness; amity; good will. There is little friendship in the world. Bacon. There can be no friendship without confidence, and no confidence without integrity. Rambler. Preferred by friendship, and not chosen by sufficiency. Spenser.
2. Kindly aid; help; assistance, [Obs.] Some friendship will it [a hovel] lend you gainst the tempest. Shak.
3. Aptness to unite; conformity; affinity; harmony; correspondence. [Obs.] Those colors . . . have a friendship with each other. Dryden.
FRIER Fri"er, n.
Defn: One who fries.
FRIESE Friese, n.
Defn: Same as Friesic, n.
FRIESIC Fries"ic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Friesland, a province in the northern part of the Netherlands.
FRIESIC Fries"ic, n.
Defn: The language of the Frisians, a Teutonic people formerly occupying a large part of the coast of Holland and Northwestern Germany. The modern dialects of Friesic are spoken chiefly in the province of Friesland, and on some of the islands near the coast of Germany and Denmark.
FRIESISH Fries"ish, a.
Defn: Friesic. [R.]
FRIEZE Frieze, n. Etym: [Perh. the same word as frieze a, kind of cloth. Cf. Friz.] (Arch.) (a) That part of the entablature of an order which is between the architrave and cornice. It is a flat member or face, either uniform or broken by triglyphs, and often enriched with figures and other ornaments of sculpture. (b) Any sculptured or richly ornamented band in a building or, by extension, in rich pieces of furniture. See Illust. of Column. Cornice or frieze with bossy sculptures graven. Milton.
FRIEZE Frieze, n. Etym: [F. frise, perh. originally a woolen cloth or stuff from Friesland (F. Frise); cf. LL. frisii panni and frissatus pannus, a shaggy woolen cloth, F. friser to friz, curl. Cf. Friz.]
Defn: A kind of coarse woolen cloth or stuff with a shaggy or tufted (friezed) nap on one side. "Robes of frieze." Goldsmith.
FRIEZE Frieze, v. t.
Defn: To make a nap on (cloth); to friz. See Friz, v. t.,
2. Friezing machine, a machine for friezing cloth; a friezing machine.
FRIEZED Friezed, a.
Defn: Gathered, or having the map gathered, into little tufts, knots, or protuberances. Cf. Frieze, v. t., and Friz, v. t.,
2.
FRIEZER Frie"zer, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, friezes or frizzes.
FRIGATE Frig"ate, n. Etym: [F. frégate, It. fregata, prob. contracted fr. L. fabricata something constructed or. built. See Fabricate.]
1. Originally, a vessel of the Mediterranean propelled by sails and by oars. The French, about 1650, transferred the name to larger vessels, and by 1750 it had been appropriated for a class of war vessels intermediate between corvettes and ships of the line. Frigates, from about 1750 to 1850, had one full battery deck and, often, a spar deck with a lighter battery. They carried sometimes as many as fifty guns. After the application of steam to navigation steam frigates of largely increased size and power were built, and formed the main part of the navies of the world till about 1870, when the introduction of ironclads superseded them. [Formerly spelled frigat and friggot.]
2. Any small vessel on the water. [Obs.] Spenser. Frigate bird (Zoöl.), a web-footed rapacious bird, of the genus Fregata; -- called also man-of-war bird, and frigate pelican. Two species are known; that of the Southern United States and West Indies is F. aquila. They are remarkable for their long wings and powerful flight. Their food consists of fish which they obtain by robbing gulls, terns, and other birds, of their prey. They are related to the pelicans. -- Frigate mackerel (Zoöl.), an oceanic fish (Auxis Rochei) of little or no value as food, often very abundant off the coast of the United States. -- Frigate pelican. (Zoöl.) Same as Frigate bird.
FRIGATE-BUILT Frig"ate-built", a. (Naut.)
Defn: Built like a frigate with a raised quarter-deck and forecastle.
FRIGATOON Frig"a*toon`, n. Etym: [It. fregatone: cf. F.frégaton. See Frigate.] (Naut.)
Defn: A Venetian vessel, with a square stern, having only a mainmast, jigger mast, and bowsprit; also a sloop of war ship-rigged.
FRIGEFACTION Frig"e*fac`tion, n. Etym: [L. frigere to be cold + facere to make.]
Defn: The act of making cold. [Obs.]
FRIGEFACTIVE Frig"e*fac`tive, a.
Defn: Cooling. [Obs.] Boyle.
FRIGERATE Frig"er*ate, e. t. Etym: [L. frigerare, fr. frigus cold.]
Defn: To make cool. [Obs.] Blount.
FRIGG; FRIGGA Frigg, Frig"ga n. Etym: [Icel. Frigg. See Friday.] (Scand. Myth.)
Defn: The wife of Odin and mother of the gods; the supreme goddess; the Juno of the Valhalla. Cf. Freya.
FRIGHT Fright, n. Etym: [OE. frigt, freyht, AS. fyrhto, fyrhtu; akin to OS. forhta, OHG. forhta, forahta, G. furcht, Dan. frygt, Sw. fruktan, Goth. faúrhtei fear, faúrhts timid.]
1. A state of terror excited by the sudden appearance of danger; sudden and violent fear, usually of short duration; a sudden alarm.
2. Anything strange, ugly or shocking, producing a feeling of alarm or aversion. [Colloq.]
Syn. -- Alarm; terror; consternation. See Alarm.
FRIGHT Fright, v. t. [imp. Frighted; p. pr. & vb. n.. Frighting.] Etym: [OE. frigten to fear, frighten, AS. fyrhtan to frighten, forhtian to fear; akin to OS. forhtian, OHG. furihten, forahtan, G. fürchten, Sw. frukta, Dan. frygte, Goth. faurhtjan. See Fright, n., and cf. Frighten.]
Defn: To alarm suddenly; to shock by causing sudden fear; to terrify; to scare. Nor exile or danger can fright a brave spirit. Dryden.
Syn. -- To affright; dismay; daunt; intimidate.
FRIGHTEN Fright"en, v. t. [imp. Frightened; p. pr. & vb. n. Frightening.] Etym: [See Fright, v. t.]
Defn: To disturb with fear; to throw into a state of alarm or fright; to affright; to terrify. More frightened than hurt. Old Proverb.
FRIGHTFUL Fright"ful, a.
1. Full of fright; affrighted; frightened. [Obs.] See how the frightful herds run from the wood. W. Browne.
2. Full of that which causes fright; exciting alarm; impressing terror; shocking; as, a frightful chasm, or tempest; a frightful appearance.
Syn. -- Terrible; dreadful; alarming; fearful; terrific; awful; horrid; horrible; shocking. -- Frightful, Dreadful, Awful. These words all express fear. In frightful, it is a sudden emotion; in dreadful, it is deeper and more prolonged; in awful, the fear is mingled with the emotion of awe, which subdues us before the presence of some invisible power. An accident may be frightful; the approach of death is dreadful to most men; the convulsions of the earthquake are awful.
FRIGHTFULLY Fright"ful*ly, adv.
Defn: In a frightful manner; to a frightful dagree.
FRIGHTFULNESS Fright"ful*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being frightful.
FRIGHTLESS Fright"less, a.
Defn: Free from fright; fearless. [Obs.]
FRIGHTMENT Fright"ment, n.
Defn: Fear; terror. [Obs.]
FRIGID Frig"id, a. Etym: [L. frigidus, fr. frigere to be cold; prob. akin to Gr. Frill.]
1. Cold; wanting heat or warmth; of low temperature; as, a frigid climate.
2. Wanting warmth, fervor, ardor, fire, vivacity, etc.; unfeeling; forbidding in manner; dull and unanimated; stiff and formal; as, a frigid constitution; a frigid style; a frigid look or manner; frigid obedience or service.
3. Wanting natural heat or vigor sufficient to excite the generative power; impotent. Johnson. Frigid zone, that part of the earth which lies between either polar circle and its pole. It extends 23Arctic.
FRIGIDARIUM Frig"i*da`ri*um, n.; pl. Frigidaria. Etym: [L., neut. of frigidarium cooling.]
Defn: The cooling room of the Roman thermæ, furnished with a cold bath.
FRIGIDITY Fri*gid"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. frigiditas: cf. F. frigidité.]
1. The condition or quality of being frigid; coldness; want of warmth. Ice is water congealed by the frigidity of the air. Sir T. Browne.
2. Want of ardor, animation, vivacity, etc.; coldness of affection or of manner; dullness; stiffness and formality; as, frigidity of a reception, of a bow, etc.
3. Want of heat or vigor; as, the frigidity of old age.
FRIGIDLY Frig"id*ly, adv.
Defn: In a frigid manner; coldly; dully; without affection.
FRIGIDNESS Frig"id*ness, n.
Defn: The state of being frigid; want of heat, vigor, or affection; coldness; dullness.
FRIGORIFIC; FRIGORIFICAL Frig"o*rif"ic, Frig"o*rif`ic*al a. Etym: [L. frigorificus; frigus, frigoris, cold + facere to make: cf. F. frigorifique.]
Defn: Causing cold; producing or generating cold. Quincy.
FRIJOL; FRIJOLE; FREJOL Fri"jol, Fri"jole, n.; pl. Frijoles. Also Fre"jol. [Sp. fríjol, fréjol.]
1. In Mexico, the southwestern United States, and the West Indies, any cultivated bean of the genus Phaseolus, esp. the black seed of a variety of P. vulgaris.
2. The beanlike seed of any of several related plants, as the cowpea. Frijoles are an important article of diet among Spanish- American peoples, being used as an ingredient of many dishes.
FRILL Frill, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Frilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Frilling.] Etym: [OF. friller, fr. L. frigidulus somewhat cold, dim. of frigidus cold; akin to F. frileux chilly.]
1. To shake or shiver as with cold; as, the hawk frills. Johnson.
2. (Photog.)
Defn: To wrinkle; -- said of the gelatin film.
FRILL Frill, v. t.
Defn: To provide or decorate with a frill or frills; to turn back. in crimped plaits; as, to frill a cap.
FRILL Frill, n. Etym: [See Frill, v. i.]. (Zoöl.) (a) A ruffing of a bird's feathers from cold. (b) A ruffle, consisting of a fold of membrane, of hairs, or of feathers, around the neck of an animal. See Frilled lizard (below). (c) A similar ruffle around the legs or other appendages of animals. (d) A ruffled varex or fold on certain shells.
2. A border or edging secured at one edge and left free at the other, usually fluted or crimped like a very narrow flounce.
FRILLED Frilled, a.
Defn: Furnished with a frill or frills. Frilled lizard (Zoöl.), a large Australian lizard (Chlamydosaurus Kingii) about three feet long, which has a large, erectile frill on each side of the neck.
FRIM Frim, a. Etym: [Cf. AS. freme good, bold, and E. frame.]
Defn: Flourishing; thriving; fresh; in good case; vigorous. [Obs.] "Frim pastures." Drayton.
FRIMAIRE Fri"maire`, n. Etym: [F., fr. frimas hoarfrost.]
Defn: The third month of the French republican calendar. It commenced November 21, and ended December 20., See Vendémiaire.
FRINGE Fringe, n. Etym: [OF, fringe, F. frange, prob. fr. L. fimbria fiber, thread, fringe, cf. fibra fiber, E. fiber, fimbriate.]
1. An ornamental appendage to the border of a piece of stuff, originally consisting of the ends of the warp, projecting beyond the woven fabric; but more commonly made separate and sewed on, consisting sometimes of projecting ends, twisted or plaited together, and sometimes of loose threads of wool, silk, or linen, or narrow strips of leather, or the like.
2. Something resembling in any respect a fringe; a line of objects along a border or edge; a border; an edging; a margin; a confine. The confines of grace and the fringes of repentance. Jer. Taylor.
3. (Opt.)
Defn: One of a number of light or dark bands, produced by the interference of light; a diffraction band; -- called also interference fringe.
4. (Bot.)
Defn: The peristome or fringelike appendage of the capsules of most mosses. See Peristome. Fringe tree (Bot.), a small tree (Chionanthus Virginica), growing in the Southern United States, and having snow- white flowers, with long pendulous petals.
FRINGE Fringe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fringed; p. pr. & vb. a. Fringing.]
Defn: To adorn the edge of with a fringe or as with a fringe. Precipices fringed with grass. Bryant. Fringing reef. See Coral reefs, under Coral.
FRINGED Fringed, a.
Defn: Furnished with a fringe. Fringed lear (Bot.), a leaf edged with soft parallel hairs.
FRINGELESS Fringe"less, a.
Defn: Having no fringe.
FRINGENT Frin"gent, a.
Defn: Encircling like a fringe; bordering. [R.] "The fringent air." Emerson.
FRINGE TREE Fringe tree.
Defn: A small oleaceous tree (Chionanthus virginica), of the southern United States, having clusters of white flowers with slender petals. It is often cultivated.
FRINGILLA Frin*gil"la, a. Etym: [NL., fr. L. fringilla a chaffinch.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of birds, with a short, conical, pointed bill. It formerly included all the sparrows and finches, but is now restricted to certain European finches, like the chaffinch and brambling.
FRINGILLACEOUS Frin`gil*la"ceous, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Fringilline.
FRINGILLINE Frin*gil"line, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Pertaining to the family Fringillidæ; characteristic of finches; sparrowlike.
FRINGY Frin"gy, a.
Defn: Aborned with fringes. Shak.
FRIPPER Frip"per, n. Etym: [F. fripier, fr. friper to rumple, fumble, waste.]
Defn: One who deals in frippery or in old clothes. [Obs.] Bacon.
FRIPPERER Frip"per*er, n.
Defn: A fripper. [Obs.] Johnson.
FRIPPERY Frip"per*y, n. Etym: [F. friperie, fr. fruper. See Fripper.]
1. Coast-off clothes. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
2. Hence: Secondhand finery; cheap and tawdry decoration; affected elegance. Fond of gauze and French frippery. Goldsmith. The gauzy frippery of a French translation. Sir W. Scott.
3. A place where old clothes are sold. Shak.
4. The trade or traffic in old clothes.
FRIPPERY Frip"per*y, a.
Defn: Trifling; contemptible.
FRISETTE; FRIZETTE Fri*sette", Fri*zette", n. [F. frisette curl.]
Defn: a fringe of hair or curls worn about the forehead by women.
FRISEUR Fri"seur, n. Etym: [F., fr. friser to curl, frizzle. See Frizzle.]
Defn: A hairdresser.
FRISIAN Fri"sian, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Friesland, a province of the Netherlands; Friesic.
FRISIAN Fri"sian, n.
Defn: A native or inhabitant of Friesland; also, the language spoken in Friesland. See Friesic, n.
FRISK Frisk, a. Etym: [OF. frieque, cf. OHG. frise lively, brisk, fresh, Dan. & Sw. frisk, Icel. friskr. See Fresh, a.]
Defn: Lively; brisk; frolicsome; frisky. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
FRISK Frisk, a.
Defn: A frolic; a fit of wanton gayety; a gambol: a little playful skip or leap. Johnson.
FRISK Frisk, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Frisked; p. pr. & vb. n. Frisking.]
Defn: To leap, skip, dance, or gambol, in fronc and gayety. The frisking satyrs on the summits danced. Addison.
FRISKAL Frisk"al, n.
Defn: A leap or caper. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
FRISKER Frisker, n.
Defn: One who frisks; one who leaps of dances in gayety; a wanton; an inconstant or unsettled person. Camden.
FRISKET Fris"ket, n. Etym: [F. frisguette. Perh. so named from the velocity or frequency of its motion. See Frisk a.] (Print.)
Defn: The light frame which holds the sheet of paper to the tympan in printing.
FRISKFUL Frisk"ful, a.
Defn: Brisk; lively; frolicsome.
FRISKILY Frisk"i*ly, adv.
Defn: In a frisky manner.
FRISKINESS Frisk"i*ness, n.
Defn: State or quality of being frisky.
FRISKY Frisk"y, a.
Defn: Inclined to frisk; frolicsome; gay. He is too frisky for an old man. Jeffrey.
FRISLET Fris"let, n.
Defn: [Fraise a kind of defense; also Friz.) A kind of small ruffle. Halliwell.
FRIST Frist, v. t. Etym: [OE. fristen, firsten, to lend, give respite, postpone, AS. firstan to give respite to; akin to first time, G. frist, Icel. frest delay.]
Defn: To sell upon credit, as goods. [R.] Crabb.
FRISURE Fri"sure`, n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: The dressing of the hair by crisping or curling. Smollett.
FRIT Frit, n. Etym: [F. fritte, fr. frit fried, p. p. of frire to fry. See Far, v. t.]
1. (Glass Making)
Defn: The material of which glass is made, after having been calcined or partly fused in a furnace, but before vitrification. It is a composition of silex and alkali, occasionally with other ingredients. Ure.
2. (Ceramics)
Defn: The material for glaze of pottery. Frit brick, a lump of calcined glass materials, brought to a pasty condition in a reverberatory furnace, preliminary to the perfect vitrification in the melting pot.
FRIT Frit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fritted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fritting.]
Defn: To prepare by heat (the materials for making glass); to fuse partially. Ure.
FRIT Frit, v. t.
Defn: To fritter; -- with away. [R.] Ld. Lytton.
FRITFLY Frit"fly`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A small dipterous fly of the genus Oscinis, esp. O. vastator, injurious to grain in Europe, and O. Trifole, injurious to clover in America.
FRITH Frith, n. Etym: [OE. firth, Icel. fjör; akin to Sw. fjärd, Dan. fiord, E. ford. sq. root78. See Ford, n., and cf. Firth, Fiord, Fret a frith, Port a harbor.]
1. (Geog.)
Defn: A narrow arm of the sea; an estuary; the opening of a river into the sea; as, the Frith of Forth.
2. A kind of weir for catching fish. [Eng.] Carew.
FRITH Frith, n. Etym: [OE. frith peace, protection, land inclosed for hunting, park, forest, AS. fri peace; akin to freno peace, protection, asylum, G. friede peace, Icel. fri, and from the root of E. free, friend. See Free, a., and cf. Affray, Defray.]
1. A forest; a woody place. [Obs.] Drayton.
2. A small field taken out of a common, by inclosing it; an inclosure. [Obs.] Sir J. Wynne.
FRITHY Frith"y, a.
Defn: Woody. [Obs.] Skelton.
FRITILLARIA Frit"il*la`ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. fritillus dicebox: cf. F. fritillaire. So named from the checkered markings of the petals.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of liliaceous plants, of which the crown-imperial (Fritillaria imperialis) is one species, and the Guinea-hen flower (F. Meleagris) another. See Crown-imperial.
FRITILLARY Frit"il*la*ry, n.
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A plant with checkered petals, of the genus Fritillaria: the Guinea-hen flower. See Fritillaria.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of several species of butterflies belonging to Argynnis and allied genera; -- so called because the coloring of their wings resembles that of the common Fritillaria. See Aphrodite.
FRITINANCY Frit"i*nan*cy, n. Etym: [L. fritinnire to twitter.]
Defn: A chirping or creaking, as of a cricket. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
FRITTER Frit"ter, n. Etym: [OR. fritour, friture, pancake, F. friture frying, a thing fried, from frire to fry. See Far, v. t.]
1. A small quantity of batter, fried in boiling lard or in a frying pan. Fritters are of various kinds, named from the substance inclosed in the batter; as, apple fritters, clam fritters, oyster fritters.
2. A fragment; a shred; a small piece. And cut whole giants into fritters. Hudibras. Corn fritter. See under Corn.
FRITTER Frit"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frittered; p. pr. & vb. n. Frittering.]
1. To cut, as meat, into small pieces, for frying.
2. To break into small pieces or fragments. Break all nerves, and fritter all their sense. Pope. To fritter away, to diminish; to pare off; to reduce to nothing by taking away a little at a time; also, to waste piecemeal; as, to fritter away time, strength, credit, etc.
FRITTING Frit"ting, n. Etym: [See Frit to expose to heat.]
Defn: The formation of frit or slag by heat with but incipient fusion.
FRIVOL Friv"ol, v. i.
Defn: To act frivolously; to trifle. Kipling. -- Friv"ol*er (#), Friv"ol*ler, n. [All Colloq.]
FRIVOLISM Friv"o*lism, n.
Defn: Frivolity. [R.] Pristley.
FRIVOLITY Fri*vol"i*ty, n.; pl. Frivolities. Etym: [Cg. F. frivolité. See Frivolous.]
Defn: The condition or quality of being frivolous; also, acts or habits of trifling; unbecoming levity of disposition.
FRIVOLOUS Friv"o*lous, a. Etym: [L. frivolus; prob. akin to friare to rub, crumble, E. friable: cf. F. frivole.]
1. Of little weight or importance; not worth notice; slight; as, a frivolous argument. Swift.
2. Given to trifling; marked with unbecoming levity; silly; interested especially in trifling matters. His personal tastes were low and frivolous. Macaulay.
Syn. -- Trifling; trivial; slight; petty; worthless. -- Friv"o*lous*ly, adv. -- Friv"o*lous*ness, n.
FRIZ Friz, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frizzed; p. pr. & vb. n. Frizzing.] Etym: [Cf. F. friser to curl, crisp, frizzle, to raise the nap (on certain stuffs); prob.akin to OFries. frisle hair of the head. Cf. Frieze kind of cloth.] [Written also frizz.]
1. To curl or form into small curls, as hair, with a crisping pin; to crisp. With her hair frizzed short up to her ears. Pepys.
2. To form into little burs, prominences, knobs, or tufts, as the nap of cloth.
3. (Leather Manufacture)
Defn: To soften and make of even thickness by rubbing, as with pumice stone or a blunt instrument. Frizzing machine. (a) (Fabrics) A machine for frizzing the surface of cloth. (b) (Wood Working) A bench with a revolving cutter head slightly protruding above its surface, for dressing boards.
FRIZ Friz, n.; pl. Frizzes (.
Defn: That which is frizzed; anything crisped or curled, as a wig; a frizzle. [Written also frizz.] He [Dr. Johnson], who saw in his glass how his wig became his face and head, might easily infer that a similar fullbottomed, well-curled friz of words would be no less becoming to his thoughts. Hare.
FRIZE Frize, n. (Arch.)
Defn: See 1st Frieze.
FRIZEL Friz"el, a. (Firearms)
Defn: A movable furrowed piece of steel struck by the flint, to throw sparks into the pan, in an early form of flintlock. Knight.
FRIZETTE Fri*zette", n. Etym: [F. frisette curl.]
Defn: A curl of hair or silk; a pad of frizzed hair or silk worn by women under the hair to stuff it out.
FRIZZ Frizz, v. t. & n.
Defn: See Friz, v. t. & n.
FRIZZLE Friz"zle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frizzled; p. pr. & vb. n. Frizzling.] Etym: [Dim. of friz.]
Defn: To curl or crisp, as hair; to friz; to crinkle. Gay. To frizzle up, to crinkle or crisp excessively.
FRIZZLE Friz"zle, n.
Defn: A curl; a lock of hair crisped. Milton.
FRIZZLER Friz"zler`, n.
Defn: One who frizzles.
FRIZZLY; FRIZZY Friz"zly, Friz"zy, a.
Defn: Curled or crisped; as, frizzly, hair.
FRO Fro, adv. Etym: [OE. fra, fro, adv. & prep., Icel. fr, akin to Dan. fra from, E. from. See From.]
Defn: From; away; back or backward; -- now used only in oppositionto the word to, in the phrase to and fro, that is, to and from. See To and fro under To. Millon.
FRO Fro, prep.
Defn: From. [Obs.] Chaucer.
FROCK Frock, n. Etym: [F. froc a monk's cowl, coat, garment, LL. frocus, froccus, flocus, floccus, fr. L. floccus a flock of wool; hence orig., a flocky cloth or garment;cf. L. flaccus flabby, E. flaccid.]
1. A loose outer garment; especially, a gown forming a part of European modern costume for women and children; also, a coarse hirtlike garment worn by some workmen over their ther clothes; a smock frock; as, a marketman's frock.
2. A coarse gown worn by monks or friars, and supposed to take the place of all, or nearly all, other garments. It has a hood which can be drawn over the head at pleasure, and is girded by a cord. Frock coat, a body coat for men, usually doublebreasted, the skirts not being in one piece with the body, but sewed on so as to be somewhat full. -- Smock frock. See in the Vocabulary.
FROCK Frock, v. t.
1. To clothe in a frock.
2. To make a monk of. Cf. Unfrock.
FROCKED Frocked, a.
Defn: Clothed in a frock.
FROCKLESS Frock"less, a.
Defn: Destitute of a frock.
FROE Froe, n. Etym: [See Frow.]
Defn: A dirty woman; a slattern; a frow. [Obs.] "Raging frantic froes." Draylon.
FROE Froe, n. Etym: [See Frow the tool]
Defn: An iron cleaver or splitting tool; a frow. [U. S.] Bartlett.
FROEBELIAN Froe*bel"i*an, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, Friedrich Froebel, or the kindergarten system of education, which he organized. -- n.
Defn: One who teaches by, or advocates the use of, the kindergarten system.
FROG Frog, n. Etym: [AS. froggu, frocga a frog (in sensel); akin to D. vorsch, OHG. frosk, G. frosch, Icel. froskr, fraukr, Sw. & Dan. frö.]
Defn: 1. (Zoöl.) An amphibious animal of the genus Rana and related genera, of many species. Frogs swim rapidly, and take long leaps on land. Many of the species utter loud notes in the springtime.
Note: The edible frog of Europe (Rana esculenta) is extensively used as food; the American bullfrog (R. Catesbiana) is remarkable for its great size and loud voice.
2. Etym: [Perh. akin to E. fork, cf. frush frog of a horse.] (Anat.)
Defn: The triangular prominence of the hoof, in the middle of the sole of the foot of the horse, and other animals; the fourchette.
3. (Railroads)
Defn: A supporting plate having raised ribs that form continuations of the rails, to guide the wheels where one track branches from another or crosses it.
4. Etym: [Cf. fraco of wool or silk, L. floccus, E. frock.]
Defn: An oblong cloak button, covered with netted thread, and fastening into a loop instead of a button hole.
5. The loop of the scabbard of a bayonet or sword. Cross frog (Railroads), a frog adapted for tracks that cross at right angles. -- Frog cheese, a popular name for a large puffball. -- Frog eater, one who eats frogs; -- a term of contempt applied to a Frenchman by the vulgar class of English. -- Frog fly. (Zoöl.) See Frog hopper. -- Frog hopper (Zoöl.), a small, leaping, hemipterous insect living on plants. The larvæ are inclosed are frothy liquid called cuckoo spit or frog spit. -- Frog lily (Bot.), the yellow water lily (Nuphar). -- Frog spit (Zoöl.), the frothy exudation of the frog hopper; -- called also frog spittle. See Cuckoo spit, under Cuckoo.
FROG Frog, v. t.
Defn: To ornament or fasten (a coat, etc.) with trogs. See Frog, n., 4.
FROGBIT Frog"bit`, n. (Bot.) (a) A European plant (Hydrocharis Morsus-ranæ), floating on still water and propagating itself by runners. It has roundish leaves and small white flowers. (b) An American plant (Limnobium Spongia), with similar habits.
FROG-EYED Frog"-eyed`, a.
Defn: Spotted with whitish specks due to a disease, or produced artificially by spraying; -- said of tobacco used for cigar wrappers.
FROGFISH Frog"fish`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) See Angler, n., 2. (b) An oceanic fish of the genus Antennarius or Pterophrynoides; -- called also mousefish and toadfish.
FROGGED Frogged, a.
Defn: Provided or ornamented with frogs; as, a frogged coat. See Frog, n., 4. Ld. Lytton.
FROGGY Frog"gy, a.
Defn: Abounding in frogs. Sherwood.
FROGMOUTH Frog"mouth`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of several species of Asiatic and East Indian birds of the genus Batrachostomus (family Podargidæ); -- so called from their very broad, flat bills.
FROGS-BIT Frog"s`-bit", n. (Bot.)
Defn: Frogbit.
FROGSHELL Frog"shell`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of numerous species of marine gastropod shells, belonging to Ranella and allied genera.
FROISE Froise, n. Etym: [OE. froise cf. F. froisser to bruise, E. frush to bruise,]
Defn: A kind of pancake. See 1st Fraise. [Written also fraise.]
FROLIC Frol"ic, a. Etym: [D. vroolijk; akin to G. frölich, fr. froh, OHG. fr, Dan. fro, OS. fr, cf. Icel. fr swift; all perh. akin to Skr. pru to spring up.]
Defn: Full of levity; dancing, playing, or frisking about; full of pranks; frolicsome; gay; merry. The frolic wind that breathes the spring. Milton. The gay, the frolic, and the loud. Waller.
FROLIC Frol"ic, n.
1. A wild prank; a flight of levity, or of gayety and mirth. He would be at his frolic once again. Roscommon.
2. A scene of gayety and mirth, as in lively play, or in dancing; a merrymaking.
FROLIC Frol"ic, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Frolicked; p. pr. & vb. n. Frolicking.]
Defn: To play wild pranks; to play tricks of levity, mirth, and gayety; to indulge in frolicsome play; to sport. Hither, come hither, and frolic and play. Tennyson.
FROLICFUL Frol"ic*ful, a.
Defn: Frolicsome. [R.]
FROLICKY Frol"ick*y, a.
Defn: Frolicsome. [Obs.] Richardson.
FROLICLY Frol"ic*ly, adv.
Defn: In a frolicsome manner; with mirth and gayety. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
FROLICSOME Frol"ic*some, a.
Defn: Full of gayety and mirth; given to pranks; sportive. Old England, who takes a frolicsome brain fever once every two or three years, for the benefit of her doctors. Sir W. Scott. -- Frol"ic*some*ly, adv. -- Frol"ic*some*ness, n.
FROM From, prep. Etym: [AS. fram, from; akin to OS. fram out, OHG. & Icel. fram forward, Sw. fram, Dan. frem, Goth. fram from, prob. akin to E. forth. Fro, Foremost.]
Defn: Out of the neighborhood of; lessening or losing proximity to; leaving behind; by reason of; out of; by aid of; -- used whenever departure, setting out, commencement of action, being, state, occurrence, etc., or procedure, emanation, absence, separation, etc., are to be expressed. It is construed with, and indicates, the point of space or time at which the action, state, etc., are regarded as setting out or beginning; also, less frequently, the source, the cause, the occasion, out of which anything proceeds; -- the aritithesis and correlative of to; as, it, is one hundred miles from Boston to Springfield; he took his sword from his side; light proceeds from the sun; separate the coarse wool from the fine; men have all sprung from Adam, and often go from good to bad, and from bad to worse; the merit of an action depends on the principle from which it proceeds; men judge of facts from personal knowledge, or from testimony. Experience from the time past to the time present. Bacon. The song began from Jove. Drpden. From high Mæonia's rocky shores I came. Addison. If the wind blow any way from shore. Shak.
Note: From sometimes denotes away from, remote from, inconsistent with. "Anything so overdone is from the purpose of playing." Shak. From, when joined with another preposition or an adverb, gives an opportunity for abbreviating the sentence. "There followed him great multitudes of people . . . from [the land] beyond Jordan." Math. iv. 25. In certain constructions, as from forth, from out, etc., the ordinary and more obvious arrangment is inverted, the sense being more distinctly forth from, out from -- from being virtually the governing preposition, and the word the adverb. See From off, under Off, adv., and From afar, under Afar, adv. Sudden partings such as press The life from out young hearts. Byron.
FROMWARD; FROMWARDS From"ward, From"wards, prep. Etym: [AS. framweard about to depart. Cf. Froward]
Defn: A way from; -- the contrary of toward. [Obs.] Towards or fromwards the zenith. Cheyne.
FROND Frond, n. Etym: [L. frons, frondis, a leafy branch, foliage.] (Bot.)
Defn: The organ formed by the combination or union into one body of stem and leaf, and often bearing the fructification; as, the frond of a fern or of a lichen or seaweed; also, the peculiar leaf of a palm tree.
FRONDATION Fron*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. frondatio, from frons. See Frond.]
Defn: The act of stripping, as trees, of leaves or branches; a kind of pruning. Evelyn.
FRONDE Fronde, n. Etym: [F.] (F. Hist.)
Defn: A political party in France, during the minority of Louis XIV., who opposed the government, and made war upon the court party.
FRONDED Frond"ed, a.
Defn: Furnished with fronds. "Fronded palms." Whittier.
FRONDENT Fron"dent, a. Etym: [L. frondens, p. pr. of frondere to put forth leaves. See Frond.]
Defn: Covered with leaves; leafy; as, a frondent tree. [R.]
FRONDESCE Fron*desce", v. i. Etym: [L. frondescere, inchoative fr. frondere. See Frondent.]
Defn: To unfold leaves, as plants.
FRONDESCENCE Fron*des"cence, n. (Bot.) (a) The time at which each species of plants unfolds its leaves. (b) The act of bursting into leaf. Milne. Martyn.
FRONDEUR Fron"deur`, n. Etym: [F.] (F. Hist.)
Defn: A member of the Fronde.
FRONDIFEROUS Fron*dif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. frondifer frons a leafy branch + ferre to bear: cf. F. frondifere.]
Defn: Producing fronds.
FRONDLET Frond"let, n. (Bot.)
Defn: A very small frond, or distinct portion of a compound frond.
FRONDOSE Fron*dose", a. Etym: [L. frondosus leafy.] (Bot.) (a) Frond bearing; resembling a frond; having a simple expansion not separable into stem and leaves. (b) Leafy. Gray.
FRONDOUS Fron"dous, a. (Bot.)
Defn: Frondose. [R.]
FRONS Frons, n. Etym: [L., front.] (Anal.)
Defn: The forehead; the part of the cranium between the orbits and the vertex.
FRONT Front, n. Etym: [F. frant forehead, L. frons, frontis; perh. akin to E. brow.]
1. The forehead or brow, the part of the face above the eyes; sometimes, also, the whole face. Bless'd with his father's front, his mother's tongue. Pope. Grim-visaged war hath smoothed his wrinkled front. Shak. His front yet threatens, and his frowns command. Prior.
2. The forehead, countenance, or personal presence, as expressive of character or temper, and especially, of boldness of disposition, sometimes of impudence; seeming; as, a bold front; a hardened front. With smiling fronts encountering. Shak. The inhabitants showed a bold front. Macaulay.
3. The part or surface of anything which seems to look out, or to be directed forward; the fore or forward part; the foremost rank; the van; -- the opposite to back or rear; as, the front of a house; the front of an army. Had he his hurts before Ay, on the front. Shak.
4. A position directly before the face of a person, or before the foremost part of a thing; as, in front of un person, of the troops, or of a house.
5. The most conspicuous part. The very head and front of my offending. Shak.
6. That which covers the foremost part of the head: a front piece of false hair worn by women. Like any plain Miss Smith's, who wears s front. Mrs. Browning.
7. The beginning. "Summer's front." Shak. Bastioned front (Mil.), a curtain connerting two half bastions. -- Front door, the door in the front wall of a building, usually the principal entrance. -- Front of fortification, the works constructed upon any one side of a polygon. Farrow. -- Front of operations, all that part of the field of operations in front of the successive positions occupied by the army as it moves forward. Farrow. -- To come to the front, to attain prominence or leadership.
FRONT Front, a.
Defn: Of or relating to the front or forward part; having a position in front; foremost; as, a front view.
FRONT Front, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fronted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fronting.]
1. To oppose face to face; to oppose directly; to meet in a hostile manner. You four shall front them in the narrow lane. Shak.
2. To appear before; to meet. [Enid] daily fronted him In some fresh splendor. Tennyson.
3. To face toward; to have the front toward; to confront; as, the house fronts the street. And then suddenly front the changed reality. J. Morley.
4. To stand opposed or opposite to, or over against as, his house fronts the church.
5. To adorn in front; to supply a front to; as, to front a house with marble; to front a head with laurel. Yonder walls, that pertly front your town. Shak.
FRONT Front, v. t.
Defn: To have or turn the face or front in any direction; as, the house fronts toward the east.
FRONTAGE Front"age, n.
Defn: The front part of an edifice or lot; extent of front.
FRONTAL Fron"tal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. frontal.]
Defn: Belonging to the front part; being in front; esp. (Anat.),
Defn: Of or pertaining to the forehead or the anterior part of the roof of the brain case; as, the frontal bones.
FRONTAL Fron"tal, n. Etym: [F. frontal, fronteau, OF. Frontel, frontal, L. frontale an ornament for the forehead, frontlet. See Front.]
1. Something worn on the forehead or face; a frontlet; as: (a) An ornamental band for the hair. (b) (Mil.) The metal face guard of a soldier.
2. (Arch.)
Defn: A little pediment over a door or window.
3. (Eccl.)
Defn: A movable, decorative member in metal, carved wood, or, commonly, in rich stuff or in embroidery, covering the front of the altar. Frontals are usually changed according to the different ceremonies.
4. (Med.)
Defn: A medicament or application for the forehead. [Obs.] Quincy.
5. (Anat.)
Defn: The frontal bone, or one of the two frontal bones, of the cranium. Frontal hammer or helve, a forge hammer lifted by a cam, acting upon a "tongue" immediately in front of the hammer head. Raymond.
FRONTATE; FRONTATED Fron"tate, Fronta*ted, a.
Defn: Growing broader and broader, as a leaf; truncate.
FRONTED Front"ed, a.
Defn: Formed with a front; drawn up in line. "Fronted brigades." Milton.
FRONTIER Fron"tier, n. Etym: [F. frontière, LL. frontaria. See Front.]
1. That part of a country which fronts or faces another country or an unsettled region; the marches; the border, confine, or extreme part of a country, bordering on another country; the border of the settled and cultivated part of a country; as, the frontier of civilization.
2. (Fort.)
Defn: An outwork. [Obs.] Palisadoes, frontiers, parapets. Shak.
FRONTIER Fron"tier, a.
1. Lying on the exterior part; bordering; conterminous; as, a frontier town.
2. Of or relating to a frontier. "Frontier experience." W. Irving.
FRONTIER Fron"tier, v. i.
Defn: To constitute or form a frontier; to have a frontier; -- with on. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.
FRONTIERED Fron"tiered, p. a.
Defn: Placed on the frontiers. [R.]
FRONTIERSMAN Fron"tiers*man, n.; pl. Frontiersmen.
Defn: A man living on the frontier.
FRONTIGNAC; FRONTIGNAN Fron`ti*gnac", Fron`ti`gnan" (, n. Etym: [So called from Frontignan, a town in Southern France.]
1. A sweet muscadine wine made in Frontignan (Languedoc), France.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: A grape of many varieties and colors.
FRONTINGLY Front"ing*ly, adv.
Defn: In a fronting or facing position; opposingly.
FRONTINIAC Fron`tin*iac", n.
Defn: See Frontignac.
FRONTISPIECE Fron"tis*piece, n. Etym: [F. frontispice, LL. frontispicium beginning, front of a church, fr. L. frons front + spicere, specere, to look at, view: cf. It. frontispizio. See Front and Spy.]
Defn: The part which first meets the eye; as: (a) (Arch.) The principal front of a building. [Obs. or R.] (b) An ornamental figure or illustration fronting the first page, or titlepage, of a book; formerly, the titlepage itself.
FRONTLESS Front"less, a.
Defn: Without face or front; shameless; not diffident; impudent. [Obs.] "Frontless vice." Dryden. "Frontless flattery." Pope.
FRONTLESSLY Front"less*ly, adv.
Defn: Shamelessly; impudently. [Obs.]
FRONTLET Front"let, n. Etym: [OF. frontelet brow band, dim. of frontel, frontal. See Frontal, n.]
1. A frontal or brow band; a fillet or band worn on the forehead. They shall be as frontlets between thine eyes. Deut. vi. 8.
2. A frown (likened to a frontlet). [R. & Poetic] What makes that frontlet on Methinks you are too much of late i' the frown. Shak.
3. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The margin of the head, behind the bill of birds, often bearing rigid bristles.
FRONTO- Fron"to-. Etym: [L. frons, frontis, the forehead.] (Anat.)
Defn: A combining form signifying relating to the forehead or the frontal bone; as, fronto-parietal, relating to the frontal and the parietal bones; fronto-nasal, etc.
FRONTON Fron`ton", n. Etym: [F., a pediment. See Front.] (Arch.)
Defn: Same as Frontal, 2.
FROPPISH Frop"pish, a. Etym: [Cf. Frap, Frape.]
Defn: Peevish; froward. [Obs.] Clarendon.
FRORE Frore, adv. Etym: [See Frorn.]
Defn: Frostily. [Obs.] The parching air Burns frore, and cold performs the effect of fire. Milton.
FRORN Frorn, p. a. Etym: [AS. froren, p. p. of freósun to freeze. See Freeze.]
Defn: Frozen. [Obs.] Well nigh frorn I feel. Spenser.
FRORY Fro"ry, a. Etym: [AS. freórig. See Frorn.]
1. Frozen; stiff with cold. [Obs.] Spenser.
2. Covered with a froth like hoarfrost. [Archaic] The foaming steed with frory bit to steer. Fairfax.
FROST Frost, n. Etym: [OE. frost, forst, AS. forst, frost. fr. freósan to freeze; akin to D. varst, G., OHG., Icel., Dan., & Sw. frost. *18. See Freeze, v. i.]
1. The act of freezing; -- applied chiefly to the congelation of water; congelation of fluids.
2. The state or temperature of the air which occasions congelation, or the freezing of water; severe cold or freezing weather. The third bay comes a frost, a killing frost. Shak.
3. Frozen dew; -- called also hoarfrost or white frost. He scattereth the frost like ashes. Ps. cxlvii. 16.
4. Coldness or insensibility; severity or rigidity of character. [R.] It was of those moments of intense feeling when the frost of the Scottish people melts like a snow wreath. Sir W. Scott. Black frost, cold so intense as to freeze vegetation and cause it to turn black, without the formation of hoarfrost. -- Frost bearer (Physics), a philosophical instrument illustrating the freezing of water in a vacuum; a cryophous. -- Frost grape (Bot.), an American grape, with very small, acid berries. -- Frost lamp, a lamp placed below the oil tube of an Argand lamp to keep the oil limpid on cold nights; -- used especially in lighthouses. Knight. -- Frost nail, a nail with a sharp head driven into a horse's shoe to keen him from slipping. -- Frost smoke, an appearance resembling smoke, caused by congelation of vapor in the atmosphere in time of severe cold. The brig and the ice round her are covered by a strange black obscurity: it is the frost smoke of arctic winters. Kane. -- Frost valve, a valve to drain the portion of a pipe, hydrant, pump, etc., where water would be liable to freeze. -- Jack Frost, a popular personification of frost.
FROST Frost, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frostted; p. pr. & vb. n. Frosting.]
1. To injure by frost; to freeze, as plants.
2. To cover with hoarfrost; to produce a surface resembling frost upon, as upon cake, metals, or glass. While with a hoary light she frosts the ground. Wordsworth.
3. To roughen or sharpen, as the nail heads or calks of horseshoes, so as to fit them for frosty weather.
FROSTBIRD Frost"bird, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The golden plover.
FROSTBITE Frost"bite, n.
Defn: The freezing, or effect of a freezing, of some part of the body, as the ears or nose. Kane.
FROSTBITE Frost`bite", v. t.
Defn: To expose to the effect of frost, or a frosty air; to blight or nip with frost. My wife up and with Mrs. Pen to walk in the fields to frostbite themselves. Pepys.
FROST-BITTEN Frost`-bit"ten, p. a.
Defn: Nipped, withered, or injured, by frost or freezing.
FROST-BLITE Frost`-blite", n. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Atriplex; orache. Gray. (b) The lamb's-quarters (Chenopodium album). Dr. Prior.
FROSTBOW Frost"bow`, n.
Defn: A white arc or circle in the sky attending frosty weather and formed by reflection of sunlight from ice crystals floating in the air; the parhelic circle whose center is at the zenith.
FROSTED Frost"ed, a.
Defn: Covered with hoarfrost or anything resembling hoarfrost; ornamented with frosting; also, frost-bitten; as, a frosted cake; frosted glass. Frosted work is introduced as a foil or contrast to burnished work. Knight.
FROSTFISH Frost`fish", n. (Zoöl.) (a) The tomcod; -- so called because it is abundant on the New England coast in autumn at about the commencement of frost. See Tomcod. (b) The smelt. [Local, U. S.] (c) A name applied in New Zealand to the scabbard fish (Lepidotus) valued as a food fish.
FROSTILY Frost"i*ly, adv.
Defn: In a frosty manner.
FROSTINESS Frost"i*ness, n.
Defn: State or quality of being frosty.
FROSTING Frost"ing, n.
1. A composition of sugar and beaten egg, used to cover or ornament cake, pudding, etc.
2. A lusterless finish of metal or glass; the process of producing such a finish.
FROSTLESS Frost"less, a.
Defn: Free from frost; as, a frostless winter.
FROST SIGNAL Frost" sig`nal. (Meteor.)
Defn: A signal consisting of a white flag with a black center, used by the United States Weather Bureau to indicate that a local frost is expected. It is used only in Florida and along the coasts of the Pacific and the Gulf Mexico.
FROSTWEED Frost"weed`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: An American species of rockrose (Helianthemum Canadense), sometimes used in medicine as an astringent or aromatic tonic.
Note: It has large yellow flowers which are often sterile, and later it has abundant but inconspicuous flowers which bear seed. It is so called because, late in autumn, crystals of ice shoot from the cracked bark at the root; -- called also frostwort.
FROSTWORK Frost`work", n.
Defn: The figurework, often fantastic and delicate, which moisture sometimes forms in freezing, as upon a window pane or a flagstone.
FROSTWORT Frost`wort", n. (Bot.)
Defn: Same as Frostweed.
FROSTY Frost"y, a. Etym: [Cf. AS. fyrstig.]
1. Attended with, or producing, frost; having power to congeal water; cold; freezing; as, a frosty night.
2. Covered with frost; as, the grass is frosty.
3. Chill in affection; without warmth of affection or courage. Johnson.
4. Appearing as if covered with hoarfrost; white; gray-haired; as, a frosty head. Shak.
FROTE Frote, v. t. Etym: [F. frotter.]
Defn: To rub or wear by rubbing; to chafe. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
FROTERER Fro"ter*er, n.
Defn: One who frotes; one who rubs or chafes. [Obs.] Marston.
FROTH Froth, n. Etym: [OE. frothe, Icel. frotha; akin to Dan. fraade, Sw. fradga, AS. afreothan to froth.]
1. The bubbles caused in fluids or liquors by fermentation or agitation; spume; foam; esp., a spume of saliva caused by disease or nervous excitement.
2. Any empty, senseless show of wit or eloquence; rhetoric without thought. Johnson. It was a long speech, but all froth. L'Estrange.
3. Light, unsubstantial matter. Tusser. Froth insect (Zoöl.), the cuckoo spit or frog hopper; -- called also froth spit, froth worm, and froth fly. -- Froth spit. See Cuckoo spit, under Cuckoo.
FROTH Froth, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frothed; p. pr. & vb. n.. Frothing.]
1. To cause to foam.
2. To spit, vent, or eject, as froth. He . . . froths treason at his mouth. Dryden. Is your spleen frothed out, or have ye more Tennyson.
3. To cover with froth; as, a horse froths his chain.
FROTH Froth, v. i.
Defn: To throw up or out spume, foam, or bubbles; to foam; as beer froths; a horse froths.
FROTHILY Froth"i*ly, adv.
Defn: In a frothy manner.
FROTHINESS Froth"i*ness, n.
Defn: State or quality of being frothy.
FROTHING Froth"ing, n.
Defn: Exaggerated declamation; rant.
FROTHLESS Froth"less, a.
Defn: Free from froth.
FROTHY Froth"y, a. [Compar. Frothier; superl. Frothiest.]
1. Full of foam or froth, or consisting of froth or light bubbles; spumous; foamy.
2. Not firm or solid; soft; unstable. Bacon.
3. Of the nature of froth; light; empty; unsubstantial; as, a frothy speaker or harangue. Tillotson.
FROUFROU Frou"frou`, n. [F., of imitative origin.]
Defn: A rustling, esp. the rustling of a woman's dress.
FROUNCE Frounce, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Frounced; p. pr. & vb. n. Frouncing.] Etym: [OE. frouncen, fronsen, to told, wrinkle, OF. froncier, F. froncer, perh. fr. an assumed LL. frontiare to wrinkle the forehead, L. frons forehead. See Front, and cf. Flounce part of a dress.]
Defn: To gather into or adorn with plaits, as a dress; to form wrinkles in or upon; to curl or frizzle, as the hair. Not tricked and frounced, as she was wont. Milton.
FROUNCE Frounce, v. i.
Defn: To form wrinkles in the forehead; to manifest displeasure; to frown. [Obs.] The Commons frounced and stormed. Holland.
FROUNCE Frounce, n.
1. A wrinkle, plait, or curl; a flounce; -- also, a frown. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
2. An affection in hawks, in which white spittle gathers about the hawk's bill. Booth.
FROUNCELESS Frounce"less, a.
Defn: Without frounces. Rom. of R.
FROUZY Frou"zy, a. Etym: [Prov. E. frouzy froward, peevish, offensive to the eye or smell; cf. froust a musty smell, frouse to rumple, frouze to curl, and E. frounce, frowy.]
Defn: Fetid, musty; rank; disordered and offensive to the smell or sight; slovenly; dingy. See Frowzy. "Petticoats in frouzy heaps." Swift.
FROW Frow, n. Etym: [D. vrouw; akin to G. frau woman, wife, goth, fráuja master, lord, AS. freá.]
1. A woman; especially, a Dutch or German woman. Beau. & Fl.
2. A dirty woman; a slattern. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
FROW Frow, n. Etym: [Cf. Frower.]
Defn: A cleaving tool with handle at right angles to the blade, for splitting cask staves and shingles from the block; a frower.
FROW Frow, a.
Defn: Brittle. [Obs.] Evelyn.
FROWARD Fro"ward, a. Etym: [Fro + -ward. See Fro, and cf. Fromward.]
Defn: Not willing to yield or compIy with what is required or is reasonable; perverse; disobedient; peevish; as, a froward child. A froward man soweth strife. Prov. xvi. 28. A froward retention of custom is as turbulent a thing as innovation. Bacon.
Syn. -- Untoward; wayward; unyielding; ungovernable: refractory; obstinate; petulant; cross; peevish. See Perverse. -- Fro"ward*ly, adv. -- Fro"ward*ness, n.
FROWER Frow"er, n. Etym: [Cf. frow a frower, and Prov. E, frommard.]
Defn: A tool. See 2d Frow. Tusser.
FROWEY Frow"ey, a. Etym: [See Frow, a.] (Carp.)
Defn: Working smoothly, or without splitting; -- said of timber.
FROWN Frown, v. i. [imp. &, p. p. Frowned; p. pr. & vb. n. Frowning.] Etym: [OF. froignier, F. frogner, in se refrogner, se renfrogner, to knit the brow, to frown; perh. of Teutonic origin; cf. It. in frigno wrinkled, frowning, Prov. It. frignare to cringe the face, to make a wry face, dial. Sw. fryna to make a wry face,]
1. To contract the brow in displeasure, severity, or sternness; to scowl; to put on a stern, grim, or surly look. The frowning wrinkle of her brow. Shak.
2. To manifest displeasure or disapprobation; to look with disfavor or threateningly; to lower; as, polite society frowns upon rudeness. The sky doth frown and lower upon our army. Shak.
FROWN Frown, v. t.
Defn: To repress or repel by expressing displeasure or disapproval; to rebuke with a look; as, frown the impudent fellow into silence.
FROWN Frown, n.
1. A wrinkling of the face in displeasure, rebuke, etc.; a sour, severe, or stere look; a scowl. His front yet threatens, and his frowns command. Prior. Her very frowns are fairer far Than smiles of other maidens are. H. Coleridge.
2. Any expression of displeasure; as, the frowns of Providence; the frowns of Fortune.
FROWNINGLY Frown"ing*ly, adv.
Defn: In a frowning manner.
FROWNY Frown"y, a.
Defn: Frowning; scowling. [Obs.] Her frowny mother's ragged shoulder. Sir F. Palgrave.
FROWY Frow"y, a. Etym: [Cf. Frowzy, Frouzy.]
Defn: Musty. rancid; as, frowy butter. "Frowy feed." Spenser
FROWZY Frow"zy, a. Etym: [See Frouzy.]
Defn: Slovenly; unkempt; untidy; frouzy. "With head all frowzy." Spenser. The frowzy soldiers' wives hanging out clothes. W. D. Howells.
FROZE Froze,
Defn: imp. of Freeze.
FROZEN Fro"zen, a.
1. Congealed with cold; affected by freezing; as, a frozen brook. They warmed their frozen feet. Dryden.
2. Subject to frost, or to long and severe cold; chilly; as, the frozen north; the frozen zones.
3. Cold-hearted; unsympathetic; unyielding. [R.] Be not ever frozen, coy. T. Carew.
FROZENNESS Fro"zen*ness, n.
Defn: A state of being frozen.
FRUBISH Frub"ish, v. t. Etym: [See Furbish.]
Defn: To rub up: to furbish. [Obs.] Beau. c& Et.
FRUCTED Fruc"ted, a. Etym: [L. fructus fruit. See Fruit.] (Her.)
Defn: Bearing fruit; -- said of a tree or plant so represented upon an escutcheon. Cussans.
FRUCTESCENCE Fruc*tes"cence, n. Etym: [L. fructus fruit.] (Bot.)
Defn: The maturing or ripening of fruit. [R.] Martyn.
FRUCTICULOSE Fruc*tic"u*lose`, a.
Defn: Fruitful; full of fruit.
FRUCTIDOR Fruc`ti`dor", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. fructus fruit.]
Defn: The twelfth month of the French republican calendar; -- commencing August 18, and ending September 16. See Vendémiaire.
FRUCTIFERUOS Fruc*tif"er*uos, a. Etym: [L. fructifer; fructus fruit + ferre to bear; cf. F. fructifère.]
Defn: Bearing or producing fruit. Boyle.
FRUCTIFICATION Fruc`ti*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. fructificatio: cf. F. fructification.]
1. The act of forming or producing fruit; the act of fructifying, or rendering productive of fruit; fecundation. The prevalent fructification of plants. Sir T. Brown.
2. (Bot.) (a) The collective organs by which a plant produces its fruit, or seeds, or reproductive spores. (b) The process of producing fruit, or seeds, or spores.
FRUCTIFY Fruc"ti*fy, v. i. Etym: [F. fructifier, L. fructificare; fructus fruit + ficare (only in comp.), akin to L. facere to make. See Fruit, and Fact.]
Defn: To bear fruit. "Causeth the earth to fructify." Beveridge.
FRUCTIFY Fruc"ti*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fructified; p. pr. & vb. n. Fructifying.]
Defn: To make fruitful; to render productive; to fertilize; as, to fructify the earth.
FRUCTOSE Fruc*tose", n. Etym: [L. fructus fruit.] (Chem.)
Defn: Fruit sugar; levulose. [R.]
FRUCTUARY Fruc"tu*a*ry, n.; pl. Fructuaries. Etym: [L. fructuarius.]
Defn: One who enjoys the profits, income, or increase of anything. Kings are not proprietors nor fructuaries. Prynne.
FRUCTUATION Fruc"tu*a`tion, n.
Defn: Produce; fruit, [R.]
FRUCTUOUS Fruc"tu*ous, a. Etym: [L. fructuosus: cf, F. fructueux.]
Defn: Fruitful; productive; profitable. [Obs.] Nothing fructuous or profitable. Chaucer. -- Fruc"tu*ous*ly, adv. -- Fruc"tu*ous*ness, n. [Obs.]
FRUCTURE Fruc"ture, n. Etym: [L. frui, p. p. fructus, to enjoy. See Fruit, n.]
Defn: Use; fruition; enjoyment. [Obs.] Cotgrave.
FRUE VANNER Frue" van"ner. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Mining)
Defn: A moving, inclined, endless apron on which ore is concentrated by a current of water; a kind of buddle.
FRUGAL Fru"gal, a. Etym: [L. frugalis, fr. frugi, lit., for fruit; hence, fit for food, useful, proper, temperate, the dative of frux, frugis, fruit, akin to E. fruit: cf. F. frugal. See Fruit, n.]
1. Economical in the use or appropriation of resources; not wasteful or lavish; wise in the expenditure or application of force, materials, time, etc.; characterized by frugality; sparing; economical; saving; as, a frugal housekeeper; frugal of time. I oft admire How Nature, wise and frugal, could commit Such disproportions. Milton.
2. Obtained by, or appropriate to, economy; as, a frugal fortune. "Frugal fare." Dryden.
FRUGALITY Fru*gal"i*ty, n.; pl. Frugalities. Etym: [L. frugalitas: cf. F. frugalité.]
1. The quality of being frugal; prudent economy; that careful management of anything valuable which expends nothing unnecessarily, and applies what is used to a profitable purpose; thrift; --- opposed to extravagance. Frugality is founded on the principle that all riches have limits. Burke.
2. A sparing use; sparingness; as, frugality of praise.
Syn. -- Economy; parsimony. See Economy.
FRUGALLY Fru"gal*ly, adv.
Defn: Thriftily; prudently.
FRUGALNESS Fru"gal*ness
Defn: , n. Quality of being frugal; frugality.
FRUGIFEROUS Fru*gif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. frugifer; frux, frugis, fruit + ferre to bear: cf. F. frugifere.]
Defn: Producing fruit; fruitful; fructiferous. Dr. H. More.
FRUGIVORA Fru*giv"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Frugivorous.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The fruit bate; a group of the Cheiroptera, comprising the bats which live on fruits. See Eruit bat, under Fruit.
FRUGIVOROUS Fru*giv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. frux, frugis, fruit + vorare to devour.: cf. F. frugivore.]
Defn: Feeding on fruit, as birds and other animals. Pennant.
FRUIT Fruit, n. Etym: [OE. fruit, frut, F. fruit, from L. fructus enjoyment, product, fruit, from frui, p. p. fructus, to enjoy; akin to E. brook, v. t. See Broook, v. t., and cf. Fructify, Frugal.]
1. Whatever is produced for the nourishment or enjoyment of man or animals by the processes of vegetable growth, as corn, grass, cotton, flax, etc.; -- commonly used in the plural. Six years thou shalt sow thy land, and shalt gather in the fruits thereof. Ex. xxiii. 10.
2. (Hort.)
Defn: The pulpy, edible seed vessels of certain plants, especially those grown on branches above ground, as apples, oranges, grapes, melons, berries, etc. See 3.
3. (Bot.)
Defn: The ripened ovary of a flowering plant, with its contents and whatever parts are consolidated with it.
Note: Fruits are classified as fleshy, drupaceous, and -dry. Fleshy fruits include berries, gourds, and melons, orangelike fruita and pomes; drupaceous fruits are stony within and fleshy without, as peaches, plums, and chercies;and dry fruits are further divided into achenes, follicles, legumes, capsules, nuts, and several other kinds.
4. (Bot.)
Defn: The spore cases or conceptacles of flowerless plants, as of ferns, mosses, algae, etc., with the spores contained in them.
6. The produce of animals; offspring; young; as, the fruit of the womb, of the loins, of the body. King Edward's fruit, true heir to the English crown. Shak.
6. That which is produced; the effect or consequence of any action; advantageous or desirable product or result; disadvantageous or evil consequence or effect; as, the fruits of labor, of self-denial, of intemperance. The fruit of rashness. Shak. What I obtained was the fruit of no bargain. Burke. They shall eat the fruit of their doings. Is. iii 10. The fruits of this education became visible. Macaulay.
Note: Fruit is frequently used adjectively, signifying of, for, or pertaining to a fruit or fruits; as, fruit bud; fruit frame; fruit jar; fruit knife; fruit loft; fruit show; fruit stall; fruit tree; etc. Fruit bat (Zoöl.), one of the Frugivora; -- called also fruit- eating bat. -- Fruit bud (Bot.), a bud that produces fruit; -- in most oplants the same as the power bud. Fruit dot (Bot.), a collection of fruit cases, as in ferns. See Sorus. -- Fruit fly (Zoöl.), a small dipterous insect of the genus Drosophila, which lives in fruit, in the larval state. -- Fruit jar, a jar for holding preserved fruit, usually made of glass or earthenware. -- Fruit pigeon (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of pigeons of the family Carpophagidæ, inhabiting India, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. They feed largely upon fruit. and are noted for their beautiful colors. -- Fruit sugar (Chem.), a kind of sugar occurring, naturally formed, in many ripe fruits, and in honey; levulose. The name is also, though rarely, applied to invert sugar, or to the natural mixture or dextrose and levulose resembling it, and found in fruits and honey. -- Fruit tree (Hort.), a tree cultivated for its edible fruit. -- Fruit worm (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of insect larvæ: which live in the interior of fruit. They are mostly small species of Lepidoptera and Diptera. -- Small fruits (Hort.), currants, raspberries, strawberries, etc.
FRUIT Fruit, v. i.
Defn: To bear fruit. Chesterfield.
FRUITAGE Fruit"age, n. Etym: [F. fruitage.]
1. Fruit, collectively; fruit, in general; fruitery. The trees . . . ambrosial fruitage bear. Milton.
2. Product or result of any action; effect, good or ill.
FRUITER Fruit"er, a.
Defn: A ship for carrying fruit.
FRUITERER Fruit"er*er, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fruitier.]
Defn: One who deals in fruit; a seller of fruits.
FRUITERESS Fruit"er*ess, n.
Defn: A woman who sells fruit.
FRUITERY Fruit"er*y, n.; pl. Fruiteries. Etym: [F. fruiterie place where fruit is kept, in OF. also, fruitage.]
1. Fruit, taken collectively; fruitage. J. Philips.
2. A repository for fruit. Johnson.
FRUITESTERE Fruit"es*tere, n.
Defn: A fruiteress. [Obs.]
FRUITFUL Fruit"ful, a.
Defn: Full of fruit; producing fruit abundantly; bearing results; prolific; fertile; liberal; bountiful; as, a fruitful tree, or season, or soil; a fruitful wife. -- Fruit"ful*ly, adv. -- Fruit"ful*ness, n. Be fruitful and multiply and replenish the earth. Gen. i. 28. [Nature] By disburdening grows More fruitful. Milton. The great fruitfulness of the poet's fancy. Addison.
Syn. -- Fertile; prolific; productive; fecund; plentiful; rich; abundant; plenteous. See Fertile.
FRUITING Fruit"ing, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or producing, fruit.
FRUITING Fruit"ing, n.
Defn: The bearing of fruit.
FRUITION Fru*i"tion, n. Etym: [OF. fruition, L. fruitio, enjoyment, fr. L. frui, p. p. fruitus, to use or enjoy. See Fruit, n.]
Defn: Use or possession of anything, especially such as is accompanied with pleasure or satisfaction; pleasure derived from possession or use. "Capacity of fruition." Rogers. "Godlike fruition." Milton. Where I may have fruition of her love. Shak.
FRUITIVE Fru"i*tive, a. Etym: [See Fruition.]
Defn: Eujoying; possessing. [Obs.] Boyle.
FRUITLESS Fruit"less, a.
1. Lacking, or not bearing, fruit; barren; destitute of offspring; as, a fruitless tree or shrub; a fruitless marriage. Shak.
2. Productive of no advantage or good effect; vain; idle; useless; unprofitable; as, a fruitless attempt; a fruitless controversy. They in mutual accusation spent The fruitless hours. Milton.
Syn. -- Useless; barren; unprofitable; abortive; ineffectual; vain; idle; profitless. See Useless. -- Fruit"less*ly, adv. -- Fruit"lness*ness, n.
FRUITY Fruit"y, a.
Defn: Having the odor, taste, or appearance of fruit; also, fruitful. Dickens.
FRUMENTACEOUS Fru"men*ta"ceous, a. Etym: [L. frumentaceus, fr. frumentum corn or grain, from the root of frux fruit: cf. F. frumentacé. See Frugal.]
Defn: Made of, or resembling, wheat or other grain.
FRUMENTARIOUS Fru`men*ta"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. frumentarius.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to wheat or grain. [R.] Coles.
FRUMENTATION Fru`men*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. frumentatio.] (Rom. Antiq.)
Defn: A largess of grain bestowed upon the people, to quiet them when uneasy.
FRUMENTY Fru"men*ty, n. Etym: [OF. fromentée, fr. L. frumentum. See Frumentaceous.]
Defn: Food made of hulled wheat boiled in milk, with sugar, plums, etc. [Written also furmenty and furmity.] Halliwell.
FRUMP Frump, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. frumple to wrinkle, ruffle, D. frommelen.]
Defn: To insult; to flout; to mock; to snub. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
FRUMP Frump, n.
1. A contemptuous speech or piece of conduct; a gibe or flout. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
2. A cross, old-fashioned person; esp., an old woman; a gossip. [Colloq.] Halliwell.
FRUMPER Frump"er, n.
Defn: A mocker. [Obs.] Cotgrave.
FRUMPISH Frump"ish, a.
1. Cross-tempered; scornful. [Obs.]
2. Old-fashioned, as a woman's dress. Our Bell . . . looked very frumpish. Foote.
FRUSH Frush, v. t. Etym: [F. froisser to bruise. Cf. Froise.]
Defn: To batter; to break in pieces. [Obs.] I like thine armor well; I'll frush it and unlock the rivets all. Shak.
FRUSH Frush, a.
Defn: Easily broken; brittle; crisp.
FRUSH Frush, n.
Defn: Noise; clatter; crash. [R.] Southey.
FRUSH Frush, n. Etym: [Cf. OE. frosch, frosk, a frog (the animal), G. frosch frog (the animal), also carney or lampass of horses. See Frog, n., 2.]
1. (Far.)
Defn: The frog of a horse's foot.
2. A discharge of a fetid or ichorous matter from the frog of a horse's foot; -- also caled thrush.
FRUSTRABLE Frus"tra*ble, a. Etym: [L. frustrabilis: cf. F. frustable.]
Defn: Capable of beeing frustrated or defeated.
FRUSTRANEOUS Frus*tra"ne*ous, a. Etym: [See Frustrate, a.]
Defn: Vain; useless; unprofitable. [Obs.] South.
FRUSTRATE Frus"trate, a. Etym: [L. frustratus, p. p. of frustrare, frustrari, to deceive, frustrate, fr. frustra in vain, witout effect, in erorr, prob. for frudtra and akin to fraus, E. fraud.]
Defn: Vain; ineffectual; useless; unprofitable; null; voil; nugatory; of no effect. "Our frustrate search." Shak.
FRUSTRATE Frus"trate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frustrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Frustrating.]
1. To bring to nothing; to prevent from attaining a purpose; to disappoint; to defeat; to baffle; as, to frustrate a plan, design, or attempt; to frustrate the will or purpose. Shall the adversary thus obtain His end and frustrate thine Milton.
2. To make null; to nullifly; to render invalid or of no effect; as, to frustrate a conveyance or deed.
Syn. -- To balk; thwart; foil; baffle; defeat.
FRUSTRATELY Frus"trate*ly, adv.
Defn: In vain. [Obs.] Vicars.
FRUSTRATION Frus*tra"tion, n. Etym: [L. frustratio: cf. OF. frustration.]
Defn: The act of frustrating; disappointment; defeat; as, the frustration of one's designs
FRUSTRATIVE Frus"tra*tive, a.
Defn: Tending to defeat; fallacious. [Obs.] Ainsworth.
FRUSTRATORY Frus"tra*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. frustrotorius: cf. F. frustratoire.]
Defn: Making void; rendering null; as, a frustratory appeal. [Obs.] Ayliffe.
FRUSTULE Frus"tule, n. Etym: [L. frustulum, dim. fr. frustum a piece: cf. F. frustule.] (Bot.)
Defn: The siliceous shell of a diatom. It is composed of two valves, one overlapping the other, like a pill box and its cover.
FRUSTULENT Frus"tu*lent, a. Etym: [L. frustulentus. See Frustule.]
Defn: Abounding in fragments. [R.]
FRUSTUM Frus"tum, n.; pl. L. Frusta, E. Frustums. Etym: [L. fruslum piece, bit.]
1. (Geom.)
Defn: The part of a solid next the base, formed by cutting off the, top; or the part of any solid, as of a cone, pyramid, etc., between two planes, which may be either parallel or inclined to each other.
2. (Arch.)
Defn: One of the drums of the shaft of a column.
FRUTAGE Frut"age, n. Etym: [Cf. Fruitage.]
1. A picture of fruit; decoration by representation of fruit. The cornices consist of frutages and festoons. Evelyn.
2. A confection of fruit. [Obs.] Nares.
FRUTESCENT Fru*tes"cent, a. Etym: [L. frulex, fruticis, shrub, bush: cf. F. frutescent, L. fruticescens, p. pr.] (Bot.)
Defn: Somewhat shrubby in character; imperfectly shrubby, as the American species of Wistaria.
FRUTEX Fru"tex, n. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)
Defn: A plant having a woody, durable stem, but less than a tree; a shrub.
FRUTICANT Fru"ti*cant, a. Etym: [L. fruticans, p. pr. of fruticare, to become bushy, fr. frutex, fruticis, shrub.]
Defn: Full of shoots. [Obs.] Evelyn.
FRUTICOSE Fru"ti*cose`, a. Etym: [L. fruticosus, from frutex, fruticis, shrub] (Bot.)
Defn: Pertaining to a shrub or shrubs; branching like a shrub; shrubby; shrublike; as, a fruticose stem. Gray.
FRUTICOUS Fru"ti*cous, a. (Bot.)
Defn: Fruticose. [R.]
FRUTICULOSE Fru*tic"u*lose`, a. Etym: [Dim. fr. L. fruticosus bushy: cf. F. fruticuleux.] (Bot.)
Defn: Like, or pertaining to, a small shrub. Gray.
FRY Fry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fried; p. pr. & vb. n. Frying.] Etym: [OE. frien, F. frire, fr. L. frigere to roast, parch, fry, cf. Gr. bhrajj. Cf. Fritter.]
Defn: To cook in a pan or on a griddle (esp. with the use of fat, butter, or olive oil) by heating over a fire; to cook in boiling lard or fat; as, to fry fish; to fry doughnuts.
FRY Fry, v. i.
1. To undergo the process of frying; to be subject to the action of heat in a frying pan, or on a griddle, or in a kettle of hot fat.
2. To simmer; to boil. [Obs.] With crackling flames a caldron fries. Dryden The frothy billows fry. Spenser.
3. To undergo or cause a disturbing action accompanied with a sensation of heat. To keep the oil from frying in the stomach. Bacon.
4. To be agitated; to be greatly moved. [Obs.] What kindling motions in their breasts do fry. Fairfax.
FRY Fry, n.
1. A dish of anything fried.
2. A state of excitement; as, to be in a fry. [Colloq.]
FRY Fry, n. Etym: [OE. fri, fry, seed, descendants, cf. OF. froye spawning, spawn of. fishes, little fishes, fr. L. fricare tosub (see Friction), but cf. also Icel. fræ, frjo, seed, Sw. & Dan. frö, Goth. fraiw seed, descendants.]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The young of any fish.
2. A swarm or crowd, especially of little fishes; young or small things in general. The fry of children young. Spenser. To sever . . . the good fish from the other fry. Milton. We have burned two frigates, and a hundred and twenty small fry. Walpole.
FRYING Fry"ing, n.
Defn: The process denoted by the verb fry. Frying pan, an iron pan with a long handle, used for frying meat. vegetables, etc.
FU Fu, n. [Chin.]
Defn: A department in China comprising several hsein; also, the chief city of a department; -- often forming the last part of a name; as, Paoting-fu.
FUAGE Fu"age, n.
Defn: Same as Fumage.
FUAR Fu"ar, n.
Defn: Same as Feuar.
FUB; FUBS Fub, Fubs (, n. Etym: [Cf. Fob a pocket.]
Defn: A plump young person or child. [Obs.] Smart.
FUB Fub, v. t. Etym: [The same word as fob to cheat.]
Defn: To put off by trickery; to cheat. [Obs.] I have been fubbed off, and fubbed off, and fabbed off, from this day to that day. Shak.
FUBBERY Fub"ber*y, n.
Defn: Cheating; deception. Marston.
FUBBY; FUBSY Fub"by, Fub"sy a.
Defn: Plump; chubby; short and stuffy; as a fubsy sofa. [Eng.] A fubsy, good-humored, silly . . . old maid. Mme. D'Arblay.
FUCATE; FUCATED Fu"cate, Fu"ca*ted a. Etym: [L. fucatus, p. p. of fucare to color, paint, fr. fucus.]
Defn: Painted; disguised with paint, or with false show.
FUCHS Fuchs, n. Etym: [G., prop., a fox.] (German Univ.)
Defn: A student of the first year.
FUCHSIA Fuch"si*a, n.; pl. E. Fuchsias, L. Fuchslæ. Etym: [NL. Named after Leonard Fuchs, a German botanist.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of flowering plants having elegant drooping flowers, with four sepals, four petals, eight stamens, and a single pistil. They are natives of Mexico and South America. Double-flowered varieties are now common in cultivation.
FUCHSINE Fuch"sine, n. Etym: [Named by the French inventor, from Fuchs a fox, the German equivalent of his own name, Renard.] (Chem.)
Defn: Aniline red; an artificial coal-tar dyestuff, of a metallic green color superficially, resembling cantharides, but when dissolved forming a brilliant dark red. It consists of a hydrochloride or acetate of rosaniline. See Rosaniline.
FUCIVOROUS Fu*civ"o*rous, a. Etym: [Fucus + L. vorare to eat.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Eating fucus or other seaweeds.
FUCOID Fu"coid, a. Etym: [Fucus + -oid.] (Bot.) (a) Properly, belonging to an order of alga: (Fucoideæ) which are blackish in color, and produce oöspores which are not fertilized until they have escaped from the conceptacle. The common rockweeds and the gulfweed (Sargassum) are fucoid in character. (b) In a vague sense, resembling seaweeds, or of the nature of seaweeds.
FUCOID Fu"coid, n. (Bot.)
Defn: A plant, whether recent or fossil, which resembles a seaweed. See Fucoid, a.
FUCOIDAL Fu*coid"al, a.
1. (Bot.)
Defn: Fucoid.
2. (Geol.)
Defn: Containing impressions of fossil fucoids or seaweeds; as, fucoidal sandstone.
FUCUS Fu"cus, n.; pl. Fuci. Etym: [L. rock lichen, orchil, used as a red dye, red or purple color, disguise, deceit.]
1. A paint; a dye; also, false show. [Obs.]
2. (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of tough, leathery seaweeds, usually of a dull brownish green color; rockweed.
Note: Formerly most marine alg were called fuci.
FUCUSOL Fu"cu*sol, n. Etym: [Fucus + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)
Defn: An oily liquid, resembling, and possibly identical with, furfurol, and obtained from fucus, and other seaweeds.
FUD Fud, n. Etym: [Of uncertain origin.]
1. The tail of a hare, coney, etc. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Burns.
2. Woolen waste, for mixing with mungo and shoddy.
FUDDER Fud"der, n.
Defn: See Fodder, a weight.
FUDDLE Fud"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p., Fuddled; p. pr. & vb. n. Fuddling.] Etym: [Perh. formed as a kind of dim. of full. Cf. Fuzzle.]
Defn: To make foolish by drink; to cause to become intoxicated. [Colloq.] I am too fuddled to take care to observe your orders. Steele.
FUDDLE Fud"dle, v. i.
Defn: To drink to excess. [Colloq.]
FUDDLER Fud"dler, n.
Defn: A drunkard. [Colloq.] Baxter.
FUDGE Fudge, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. F. fuche, feuche, an interj. of contempt.]
Defn: A made-up story; stuff; nonsense; humbug; -- often an exclamation of contempt.
FUDGE Fudge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fudged; p. pr. & vb. n. Fudging.]
1. To make up; to devise; to contrive; to fabricate. Fudged up into such a smirkish liveliness. N. Fairfax.
2. To foist; to interpolate. That last "suppose" is fudged in. Foote .
FUDGE WHEEL Fudge" wheel". (Shoemaking)
Defn: A tool for ornamenting the edge of a sole.
FUEGIAN Fu*e"gi*an, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Terra del Fuego. -- n.
Defn: A native of Terra del Fuego.
FUEL Fu"el, n. Etym: [OF. fouail, fuail, or fouaille, fuaille, LL. focalium, focale, fr. L. focus hearth, fireplace, in LL., fire. See Focus.] [Formerly written also fewel.]
1. Any matter used to produce heat by burning; that which feeds fire; combustible matter used for fires, as wood, coal, peat, etc.
2. Anything that serves to feed or increase passion or excitement. Artificial fuel, fuel consisting of small particles, as coal dust, sawdust, etc., consolidated into lumps or blocks.
FUEL Fu"el, v. t.
1. To feed with fuel. [Obs.] Never, alas I the dreadful name, That fuels the infernal flame. Cowley.
2. To store or furnish with fuel or firing. [Obs.] Well watered and well fueled. Sir H. Wotton.
FUELER Fu"el*er, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, supplies fuel. [R.] [Written also fueller.] Donne.
FUERO Fu*e"ro, n. Etym: [Sp., fr. L. forum.] (Sp. Law) (a) A code; a charter; a grant of privileges. (b) A custom having the force of law. (c) A declaration by a magistrate. (d) A place where justice is administered. (e) The jurisdiction of a tribunal. Burrill.
FUFF Fuff, v. t. & i. Etym: [Of imitative origin. Cf. Puff.]
Defn: To puff. [Prov. Eng. A Local, U. S.] Halliwel.
FUFFY Fuff"y, a.
Defn: Light; puffy. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U. S.]
FUGA Fu"ga, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)
Defn: A fugue.
FUGACIOUS Fu*ga"cious, a. Etym: [L. fugax, fugacis, from fugere: cf. F. fugace. See Fugitive.]
1. Flying, or disposed to fly; fleeing away; lasting but a short time; volatile. Much of its possessions is so hid, so fugacious, and of so uncertain purchase. Jer. Taylor.
2. (Biol.)
Defn: Fleeting; lasting but a short time; -- applied particularly to organs or parts which are short-lived as compared with the life of the individual.
FUGACIOUSNESS Fu*ga"cious*ness, n.
Defn: Fugacity. [Obs.]
FUGACITY Fu*gac"i*ty, a. Etym: [L fugacitas: cf. F. fugacité.]
1. The quality of being fugacious; fugaclousness; volatility; as, fugacity of spirits. Boyle.
2. Uncertainty; instability. Johnson.
FUGACY Fu"ga*cy, n.
Defn: Banishment. [Obs.] Milton.
FUGATO Fu*ga"to, a. (Mus.)
Defn: in the gugue style, but not strictly like a fugue. -- n.
Defn: A composition resembling a fugue.
FUGH Fugh, interj.
Defn: An exclamation of disgust; foh; faugh. Dryden.
FUGHETTA Fu*ghet"ta, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)
Defn: a short, condensed fugue. Grove.
FUGITIVE Fu"gi*tive, a. Etym: [OE. fugitif, F. fugitif, fr. L. fugitivus, fr. fugere to flee. See Bow to bend, and cf. Feverfew.]
1. Fleeing from pursuit, danger, restraint, etc., escaping, from service, duty etc.; as, a fugitive solder; a fugitive slave; a fugitive debtor. The fugitive Parthians follow. Shak. Can a fugitive daughter enjoy herself while her parents are in tear Richardson A libellous pamphlet of a fugitive physician. Sir H. Wotton.
2. Not fixed; not durable; liable to disappear or fall away; volatile; uncertain; evanescent; liable to fade; -- applied to material and immaterial things; as, fugitive colors; a fugitive idea. The me more tender and fugitive parts, the leaves . . . of vegatables. Woodward. Fugitive compositions, Such as are short and occasional, and so published that they quickly escape notice.
Syn. -- Fleeting; unstable; wandering; uncertain; volatile; fugacious; fleeing; evanescent.
FUGITIVE Fu"gi*tive, n.
1. One who flees from pursuit, danger, restraint, service, duty, etc.; a deserter; as, a fugitive from justice.
2. Something hard to be caught or detained. Or Catch that airy fugitive called wit. Harte. Fugitive from justice (Law), one who, having committed a crime in one jurisdiction, flees or escapes into another to avoid punishment.
FUGITIVELY Fu"gi*tive*ly, adv.
Defn: In a fugitive manner.
FUGITIVENESS Fu"gi*tive*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or condition of being fugitive; evanescence; volatility; fugacity; instability.
FUGLE Fu"gle, v. i.
Defn: To maneuver; to move hither and thither. [Colloq.] Wooden arms with elbow joints jerking and fugling in the air. Carlyle.
FUGLEMAN Fu"gle*man, n.; pl. Fuglemen. Etym: [G. flügelmann file leader; flügel wing (akin to E. fly) + mann man. Cf. Flugrelman.]
1. (Mil.)
Defn: A soldier especially expert and well drilled, who takes his place in front of a military company, as a guide for the others in their exercises; a file leader. He originally stood in front of the right wing. [Written also flugelman.]
2. Hence, one who leads the way. [Jocose]
FUGUE Fugue, n. Etym: [F., fr. It. fuga, fr. L. fuga a fleeing, flight, akin to fugere to fiee. See Fugitive.] (Mus.)
Defn: A polyphonic composition, developed from a given theme or themes, according to strict contrapuntal rules. The theme is first given out by one voice or part, and then, while that pursues its way, it is repeated by another at the interval of a fifth or fourth, and so on, until all the parts have answered one by one, continuing their several melodies and interweaving them in one complex progressive whole, in which the theme is often lost and reappears. All parts of the scheme are eternally chasing each other, like the parts of a fugue. Jer. Taylor.
FUGUIST Fu"guist, n. (Mus.)
Defn: A musician who composes or performs fugues. Busby.
-FUL -ful. Etym: [See Full, a.]
Defn: A suffix signifying full of, abounding with; as, boastful, harmful, woeful.
FULAHS; FOOLAHS Fu"lahs`
Defn: , Foo"lahs` (, n. pl.; sing. Fulah, Foolan (. (Ethnol.) A peculiar African race of uncertain origin, but distinct from the negro tribes, inhabiting an extensive region of Western Soudan. Their color is brown or yellowish bronze. They are Mohammedans. Called also Fellatahs, Foulahs, and Fellani. Fulah is also used adjectively; as, Fulah empire, tribes, language.
FULBE Ful"be, n. (Ethnol.)
Defn: Same as Fulahs.
FULCIBLE Ful"ci*ble, a. Etym: [L. fulcire to prop.]
Defn: Capable of being propped up. [Obs.] Cockeram.
FULCIMENT Ful"ci*ment, n. Etym: [L. fulcimentum, fr. fulcire to prop.]
Defn: A prop; a fulcrum. [Obs.] Bp. Wilkins.
FULCRA Ful"cra, n. pl.
Defn: See Fulcrum.
FULCRATE Ful"crate, a. Etym: [See Fulcrum.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: Propped; supported by accessory organs. [R.] Gray.
2. Furnished with fulcrums.
FULCRUM Ful"crum, n.; pl. L. Fulcra, E. Fulcrums. Etym: [L., bedpost, fr. fulcire to prop.]
1. A prop or support.
2. (Mech.)
Defn: That by which a lever is sustained, or about which it turns in lifting or moving a body.
3. (Bot.)
Defn: An accessory organ such as a tendril, stipule, spine, and the like. [R.] Gray.
4. (Zoöl.) (a) The horny inferior surface of the lingua of certain insects. (b) One of the small, spiniform scales found on the front edge of the dorsal and caudal fins of many ganoid fishes.
5. (Anat.)
Defn: The connective tissue supporting the framework of the retina of the eye.
FULFILL Ful*fill", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fulfilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Fulfilling.] Etym: [OE. fulfillen, fulfullen, AS. fulfyllan; ful full + fyllan to fill. See Full, a., and Fill, v. t.] [Written also fulfil.]
1. To fill up; to make full or complete. [Obs.] "Fulfill her week" Gen. xxix. 27. Suffer thou that the children be fulfilled first, for it is not good to take the bread of children and give to hounds. Wyclif (Mark vii. 27).
2. To accomplish or carry into effect, as an intention, promise, or prophecy, a desire, prayer, or requirement, etc.; to complete by performance; to answer the requisitions of; to bring to pass, as a purpose or design; to effectuate. He will, fulfill the desire of them fear him. Ps. cxlv. 199. Here Nature seems fulfilled in all her ends. Milton. Servants must their masters' minds fulfill. Shak.
FULFILLER Ful*fill"er, n.
Defn: One who fulfills. South.
FULFILLMENT Ful*fill"ment, n. Etym: [Written also fulfilment.]
1. The act of fulfilling; accomplishment; completion; as, the fulfillment of prophecy.
2. Execution; performance; as, the fulfillment of a promise.
FULGENCY Fulgen*cy, n. Etym: [See fulgent.]
Defn: Brightness; splendor; glitter; effulgence. Bailey.
FULGENT Ful"gent, a. Etym: [L. fulgens, -entis, p. pr. of fulgere to flash, glitter, shine, akin to Gr. Phlox, Flagrant.]
Defn: Exquisitely bright; shining; dazzling; effulgent. Other Thracians . . . fulgent morions wore. Glower.
FULGENTLY Ful"gent*ly, adv.
Defn: Dazzlingly; glitteringly.
FULGID Ful"gid, a. Etym: [L. fulgidus. See Fulgent.]
Defn: Shining; glittering; dazzling. [R.] Pope.
FULGIDITY Ful*gid"i*ty, n.
Defn: Splendor; resplendence; effulgence. [R.] Bailey.
FULGOR Ful"gor, n. Etym: [L. fulgor, fr. fulgere to shine.]
Defn: Dazzling brightness; splendor. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
FULGURANT Ful"gu*rant a. Etym: [L. fulgurans, p. pr. of fulgurare.]
Defn: Lightening. [R.] Dr. H. More.
FULGURATA Ful"gu*ra"ta, n. Etym: [NL.] (Electricity)
Defn: A spectro-electric tube in which the decomposition of a liquid by the passage of an electric spark is observed. Knight.
FULGURATE Ful"gu*rate, v. i. Etym: [L. fulguratus, p. p. of fulgurare to flash, fr. fulgur lightning, fr. fulgere to shine. See Fulgent.]
Defn: To flash as lightning. [R.]
FULGURATING Ful"gu*ra`ting, a. (Med.)
Defn: Resembling lightning; -- used to describe intense lancinating painsaccompanying locomotor ataxy.
FULGURATION Ful"gu*ra`tion, n. Etym: [L. fulguratio: cf. F. fulguration.]
1. The act of lightening. [R.] Donne.
2. (Assaying)
Defn: The sudden brightening of a fused globule of gold or silver, when the last film of the oxide of lead or copper leaves its surface; -- also called blick. A phenomenon called, by the old chemists, fulguration. Ure.
FULGURITE Ful"gu*rite, n. Etym: [L. fulguritus, p. p. of fulgurire to strike with lightning, fr. fulgur lightning: cf. F. fulgurite.]
Defn: A vitrified sand tube produced by the striking of lightning on sand; a lightning tube; also, the portion of rock surface fused by a lightning discharge.
FULGURY Ful"gu*ry, n. Etym: [L. fulgur.]
Defn: Lightning. [Obs.]
FULHAM Ful"ham, n. Etym: [So named because supposed to have been chiefly made at Fulham, in Middlesex, Eng.)
Defn: A false die. [Cant] [Written also fullam.] Shak.
FULIGINOSITY Fu*lig"i*nos"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fuliginosité.]
Defn: The condition or quality of being fuliginous; sootiness; matter deposited by smoke. [R.]
FULIGINOUS Fu*lig"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. fuliginosus, from fuligo soot: cf. F. fuligineux. See Fume.]
1. Pertaining to soot; sooty; dark; dusky.
2. Pertaining to smoke; resembling smoke.
FULIGINOUSLY Fu*lig"i*nous*ly, adv.
Defn: In a smoky manner.
FULIMART Fu"li*mart, n.
Defn: Same as Foumart.
FULL Full, a. [Compar. Fuller; superl. Fullest.] Etym: [OE. & AS. ful; akin to OS. ful, D. vol, OHG. fol, G. voll, Icel. fullr, Sw. full, Dan. fuld, Goth. fulls, L. plenus, Gr. p, pr to fill, also to Gr. poly-, pref., G. viel, AS. fela. sq. root80. Cf. Complete, Fill, Plenary, Plenty.]
1. Filled up, having within its limits all that it can contain; supplied; not empty or vacant; -- said primarily of hollow vessels, and hence of anything else; as, a cup full of water; a house full of people. Had the throne been full, their meeting would not have been regular. Blackstone.
2. Abundantly furnished or provided; sufficient in. quantity, quality, or degree; copious; plenteous; ample; adequate; as, a full meal; a full supply; a full voice; a full compensation; a house full of furniture.
3. Not wanting in any essential quality; complete, entire; perfect; adequate; as, a full narrative; a person of full age; a full stop; a full face; the full moon. It came to pass, at the end of two full years, that Pharaoh dreamed. Gen. xii. 1. The man commands Like a full soldier. Shak. I can not Request a fuller satisfaction Than you have freely granted. Ford.
4. Sated; surfeited. I am full of the burnt offerings of rams. Is. i. 11.
5. Having the mind filled with ideas; stocked with knowledge; stored with information. Reading maketh a full man. Bacon.
6. Having the attention, thoughts, etc., absorbed in any matter, and the feelings more or less excited by it, as, to be full of some project. Every one is full of the miracles done by cold baths on decayed and weak constitutions. Locke.
7. Filled with emotions. The heart is so full that a drop overfills it. Lowell.
8. Impregnated; made pregnant. [Obs.] Ilia, the fair, . . . full of Mars. Dryden. At full, when full or complete. Shak. -- Full age (Law) the age at which one attains full personal rights; majority; -- in England and the United States the age of 21 years. Abbott. -- Full and by (Naut.), sailing closehauled, having all the sails full, and lying as near the wind as poesible. -- Full band (Mus.), a band in which all the instruments are employed. -- Full binding, the binding of a book when made wholly of leather, as distinguished from half binding. -- Full bottom, a kind of wig full and large at the bottom. -- Full brother or sister, a brother or sister having the same parents as another. -- Full cry (Hunting), eager chase; -- said of hounds that have caught the scent, and give tongue together. -- Full dress, the dress prescribed by authority or by etiquette to be worn on occasions of ceremony. -- Full hand (Poker), three of a kind and a pair. -- Full moon. (a) The moon with its whole disk illuminated, as when opposite to the sun. (b) The time when the moon is full. -- Full organ (Mus.), the organ when all or most stops are out. -- Full score (Mus.), a score in which all the parts for voices and instruments are given. -- Full sea, high water. -- Full swing, free course; unrestrained liberty; "Leaving corrupt nature to . . . the full swing and freedom of its own extravagant actings." South (Colloq.) -- In full, at length; uncontracted; unabridged; written out in words, and not indicated by figures. -- In full blast. See under Blast.
FULL Full, n.
Defn: Complete measure; utmost extent; the highest state or degree. The swan's-down feather, That stands upon the swell at full of tide. Shak. Full of the moon, the time of full moon.
FULL Full, adv.
Defn: Quite; to the same degree; without abatement or diminution; with the whole force or effect; thoroughly; completely; exactly; entirely. The pawn I proffer shall be full as good. Dryden. The diapason closing full in man. Dryden. Full in the center of the sacred wood. Addison.
Note: Full is placed before adjectives and adverbs to heighten or strengthen their signification. "Full sad." Milton. "Master of a full poor cell." Shak. "Full many a gem of purest ray serene." T. Gray. Full is also prefixed to participles to express utmost extent or degree; as, full-bloomed, full-blown, full-crammed full-grown, full- laden, full-stuffed, etc. Such compounds, for the most part, are self-defining.
FULL Full, v. i.
Defn: To become full or wholly illuminated; as, the moon fulls at midnight.
FULL Full, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fulled; p. pr. & vb. n. Fulling.] Etym: [OE. fullen, OF. fuler, fouler, F. fouler, LL. fullare, fr. L. fullo fuller, cloth fuller, cf. Gr. fullian to whiten as a fuller, to baptize, fullere a fuller. Cf. Defile to foul, Foil to frustrate, Fuller. n. ]
Defn: To thicken by moistening, heating, and pressing, as cloth; to mill; to make compact; to scour, cleanse, and thicken in a mill.
FULL Full, v. i.
Defn: To become fulled or thickened; as, this material fulls well.
FULLAGE Full"age, n.
Defn: The money or price paid for fulling or cleansing cloth. Johnson.
FULLAM Ful"lam, n.
Defn: A false die. See Fulham.
FULL-BLOODED Full"-blood`ed, a.
1. Having a full supply of blood.
2. Of pure blood; thoroughbred; as, a full-blooded horse.
FULL-BLOOMED Full"-bloomed`, a.
Defn: Like a perfect blossom. "Full-bloomed lips." Crashaw.
FULL-BLOWN Full"-blown`, a.
1. Fully expanded, as a blossom; as, a full-bloun rose. Denham.
2. Fully distended with wind, as a sail. Dryden.
FULL-BOTTOMED Full"-bot"tomed, a.
1. Full and large at the bottom, as wigs worn by certain civil officers in Great Britain.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: Of great capacity below the water line.
FULL-BUTT Full"-butt", adv.
Defn: With direct and violentop position; with sudden collision. [Colloq.] L'Estrange.
FULL-DRIVE Full`-drive", adv.
Defn: With full speed. [Colloq.]
FULLER Full"er, n. Etym: [AS. fullere, fr. L. fullo. See Full, v. t.]
Defn: One whose occupation is to full cloth. Fuller's earth, a variety of clay, used in scouring and cleansing cloth, to imbibe grease. -- Fuller's herb (Bot.), the soapwort (Saponaria officinalis), formerly used to remove stains from cloth. -- Fuller's thistle or weed (Bot.), the teasel (Dipsacus fullonum) whose burs are used by fullers in dressing cloth. See Teasel.
FULLER Full"er, n. Etym: [From Full, a.] (Blacksmith's Work)
Defn: A die; a half-round set hammer, used for forming grooves and spreading iron; -- called also a creaser.
FULLER Full"er, v. t.
Defn: To form a groove or channel in, by a fuller or set hammer; as, to fuller a bayonet.
FULLERY Full"er*y, n.; pl. Fulleries (.
Defn: The place or the works where the fulling of cloth is carried on.
FULL-FORMED Full"-formed`, a.
Defn: Full in form or shape; rounded out with flesh. The full-formed maids of Afric. Thomson.
FULL-GROWN Full"-grown`, a.
Defn: Having reached the limits of growth; mature. "Full-grown wings." Lowell.
FULL-HEARTED Full"-heart`ed, a.
Defn: Full of courage or confidence. Shak.
FULL-HOT Full"-hot`, a.
Defn: Very fiery. Shak.
FULL HOUSE Full house. (Poker)
Defn: A hand containing three of a kind and a pair, as three kings and two tens. It ranks above a flush and below four of a kind.
FULLING Full"ing, n.
Defn: The process of cleansing, shrinking, and thickening cloth by moisture, heat, and pressure. Fulling mill, a mill for fulling cloth as by means of pesties or stampers, which alternately fall into and rise from troughs where the cloth is placed with hot water and fuller's earth, or other cleansing materials.
FULL-MANNED Full"-manned`, a.
Defn: Completely furnished wiith men, as a ship.
FULLMART Full"mart", n.
Defn: See Foumart. B. Jonson.
FULLNESS Full"ness, n.
Defn: The state of being full, or of abounding; abundance; completeness. [Written also fulness.] "In thy presence is fullness of joy." Ps. xvi. 11.
FULLONICAL Ful*lon"i*cal, a. Etym: [L. fullonicus, from fullo a cloth fuller.]
Defn: Pertaining to a fuller of cloth. [Obs.] Blount.
FULL-ORBED Full"-orbed` (, a.
Defn: Having the orb or disk complete or fully illuminated; like the full moon.
FULL-SAILED Full"-sailed`, a.
Defn: Having all its sails set,; hence, without restriction or reservation. Massinger.
FULL-WINGED Full"-winged`, a.
1. Having large and strong or complete wings. Shak.
2. Beady for flight; eager. [Archaic] Beau. & Fl.
FULLY Ful"ly, adv.
Defn: In a full manner or degree; completely; entirely; without lack or defect; adequately; satisfactorily; as, to be fully persuaded of the truth of a proposition. Fully committed (Law), committed to prison for trial, in distinction from being detained for examination.
Syn. -- Completely; entirely; maturely; plentifuly; abundantly; plenteously; copiously; largely; amply; sufficiently; perfectly.
FULMAR Ful"mar (fûlmär), n. Etym: [Icel. fulmar. See foul, and Man a gull.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of several species of sea birds, of the family procellariidæ, allied to the albatrosses and petrels. Among the well- known species are the arctic fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) (called also fulmar petrel, malduck, and mollemock), and the giant fulmar (Ossifraga gigantea).
FULMINANT Ful"mi*nant, a. Etym: [L. fulminans, p. pr. of fulminare to lighten: cf. F. fulminant.]
Defn: Thundering; fulminating. [R.] Bailey.
FULMINATE Ful"mi*nate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fulminated; p. pr. & vb. n. Fulminating.] Etym: [L. fulminatus, p. p. of fulminare to lighten, strike with lightning, fr. fulmen thunderbolt, fr. fulgere to shine. See Fulgent, and cf. Fulmine.]
1. To thunder; hence, to make a loud, sudden noise; to detonate; to explode with a violent report.
2. To issue or send forth decrees or censures with the assumption of supreme authority; to thunder forth menaces.
FULMINATE Ful"mi*nate, v. t.
1. To cause to explode. Sprat.
2. To utter or send out with denunciations or censures; -- said especially of menaces or censures uttered by ecclesiastical authority. They fulminated the most hostile of all decrees. De Quincey.
FULMINATE Ful"mi*nate, n. Etym: [Cf. P. fulminate. See Fulminate, v. i.] (Chem.) (a) A salt of fulminic acid. See under Fulminic. (b) A fulminating powder. Fulminate of gold, an explosive compound of gold; -- called also fulminating gold, and aurum fulminans.
FULMINATING Ful"mi*na"ting, a.
1. Thundering; exploding in a peculiarly sudden or violent manner.
2. Hurling denunciations, menaces, or censures. Fulminating oil, nitroglycerin. -- Fulminating powder (Chem.) any violently explosive powder, but especially one of the fulminates, as mercuric fulminate.
FULMINATION Ful"mi*na`tion, n. Etym: [L. fulminatio a darting of lightning: cf. F. fulmination.]
1. The act of fulminating or exploding; detonation.
2. The act of thundering forth threats or censures, as with authority.
3. That which is fulminated or thundered forth; vehement menace or censure. The fulminations from the Vatican were turned into ridicule. Ayliffe.
FULMINATORY Ful"mi*na*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. fulminatoire.]
Defn: Thundering; striking terror. Cotgrave.
FULMINE Ful"mine, v. i. Etym: [F. fulminer. See Fulminate, v.]
Defn: To thunder. [Obs.] Spenser. Milton.
FULMINE Ful"mine, v. t.
Defn: To shoot; to dart like lightning; to fulminate; to utter with authority or vehemence. She fulmined out her scorn of laws Salique. Tennyson.
FULMINEOUS Ful*min"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. fulmen thunder.]
Defn: Of, or concerning thunder.
FULMINIC Ful*min"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. fulminique.]
Defn: Pertaining to fulmination; detonating; specifically (Chem.), pertaining to, derived from, or denoting, an acid, so called; as, fulminic acid. Fulminic acid (Chem.), a complex acid, H2C2N2O2, isomeric with cyanic and cyanuric acids, and not known in the free state, but forming a large class of highly explosive salts, the fulminates. Of these, mercuric fulminate, the most common, is used, mixed with niter, to fill percussion caps, charge cartridges, etc. -- Fulminic acid is made by the action of nitric acid on alcohol.
FULMINURIC Ful"mi*nu"ric, a. Etym: [Fulminic + cyanuric.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to fulminic and cyanuric acids, and designating an acid so called. Fulminuric acid (Chem.), a white, crystalline, explosive subatance, H3C3N3O3, forming well known salts, and obtained from the fulnunates. It is isomeric with cyanuric acid, and hence is also called isocyanuric acid.
FULNESS Ful"ness, n.
Defn: See Fullness.
FULNESS Ful"ness, n.
Defn: See Fullness.
FULSAMIC Ful*sam"ic, a. Etym: [See Fulsome.]
Defn: Fulsome. [Obs.]
FULSOME Ful"some, a. Etym: [Full, a. + -some.]
1. Full; abundant; plenteous; not shriveled. [Obs.] His lean, pale, hoar, and withered corpse grew fulsome, fair, and fresh. Golding.
2. Offending or disgusting by overfullness, excess, or grossness; cloying; gross; nauseous; esp., offensive from excess of praise; as, fulsome flattery. And lest the fulsome artifice should fail Themselves will hide its coarseness with a veil. Cowper.
3. Lustful; wanton; obscene; also, tending to obscenity. [Obs.] "Fulsome ewes." Shak. -- Ful"some*ly, adv. -- Ful"some*ness, n. Dryden.
FULVID Ful"vid, a. Etym: [LL. fulvidus, fr. L. fulvus.]
Defn: Fulvous. [R.] Dr. H. More.
FULVOUS Ful"vous, a. Etym: [L. fulvus.]
Defn: Tawny; dull yellow, with a mixture of gray and brown. Lindley.
FUM Fum, v. i.
Defn: To play upon a fiddle. [Obs.] Follow me, and fum as you go. B. Jonson.
FUMACIOUS Fu*ma"cious, a. Etym: [From Fume.]
Defn: Smoky; hence, fond of smoking; addicted to smoking tobacco.
FUMADE; FUMADO Fu*made", Fu*ma"do (, n.; pl. Fumades, Fumadoes. Etym: [Sp. fumodo smoked, p. p. of fumar to smoke, fr. L. fumare. See Fume, v. i.]
Defn: A salted and smoked fish, as the pilchard.
FUMAGE Fu"mage, n. Etym: [OF. fumage, fumaige, fr. L. fumus smoke.]
Defn: Hearth money. Fumage, or fuage, vulgarly called smoke farthings. Blackstone.
FUMARATE Fu"ma*rate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of fumaric acid.
FUMARIC Fu*mar"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, fumitory (Fumaria officinalis). Fumaric acid (Chem.), a widely occurring organic acid, exttracted from fumitory as a white crystallline substance, C2H2(CO2H)2, and produced artificially in many ways, as by the distillation of malic acid; boletic acid. It is found also in the lichen, Iceland moss, and hence was also called lichenic acid.
FUMARINE Fu"ma*rine, n. Etym: [L. fumus smoke, fume.] (Chem.)
Defn: An alkaloid extracted from fumitory, as a white crystalline substance.
FUMAROLE Fu"ma*role, n. Etym: [It. fumaruola, fr. fumo smoke, L. fumus: cf. F. fumerolle, fumarolle.]
Defn: A hole or spot in a volcanic or other region, from which fumes issue.
FUMATORIUM Fu`ma*to"ri*um, n.; L. pl. -ria (#). [NL., fr. L. fumare, fumatum, to smoke.]
Defn: An air-tight compartment in which vapor may be generated to destroy germs or insects; esp., the apparatus used to destroy San José scale on nursery stock, with hydrocyanic acid vapor.
FUMATORY Fu"ma*to*ry, n.
Defn: See Fumitory. [Obs.]
FUMBLE Fum"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fumbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Fumbling.] Etym: [Akin to D. fommelen to crumple, fumble, Sw. fumla to fusuble, famla to grope, Dan. famle to grope, fumble, Icel. falme, AS. folm palm of the hand. See Feel, and cf. Fanble, Palm.]
1. To feel or grope about; to make awkward attempts to do or find something. Adams now began to fumble in his pockets. Fielding.
2. To grope about in perplexity; to seek awkwardly; as, to fumble for an excuse. Dryden. My understanding flutters and my memory fumbles. Chesterfield. Alas! how he fumbles about the domains. Wordsworth.
3. To handle much; to play childishly; to turn over and over. I saw him fumble with the sheets, and play with flowers. Shak.
FUMBLE Fum"ble, v. t.
Defn: To handle or manage awkwardly; to crowd or tumble together. Shak.
FUMBLER Fum"bler, n.
Defn: One who fumbles.
FUMBLINGLY Fum"bling*ly, adv.
Defn: In the manner of one who fumbles.
FUME Fume, n. Etym: [L. fumus; akin to Skr. dh smoke, dh to shake, fan a flame, cf. Gr. fum smoke, F. fumée. Cf. Dust, n., Femerell, Thyme.]
1. Exhalation; volatile matter (esp. noxious vapor or smoke) ascending in a dense body; smoke; vapor; reek; as, the fumes of tobacco. The fumes of new shorn hay. T. Warton. The fumes of undigested wine. Dryden.
2. Rage or excitement which deprives the mind of self-control; as, the fumes of passion. South.
3. Anything vaporlike, unsubstantial, or' airy; idle conceit; vain imagination. A show of fumes and fancies. Bacon.
4. The incense of praise; inordinate flattery. To smother him with fumes and eulogies. Burton. In a fume, in ill temper, esp. from impatience.
FUME Fume, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fumed; p. pr. & vb. n. Fuming.] Etym: [Cf. F. fumer, L. fumare to smoke. See Fume, n.]
1. To smoke; to throw off fumes, as in combustion or chemical action; to rise up, as vapor. Where the golden altar fumed. Milton. Silenus lay, Whose constant cups lay fuming to his brain. Roscommon.
2. To be as in a mist; to be dulled and stupefied. Keep his brain fuming. Shak.
3. To pass off in fumes or vapors. Their parts pre kept from fuming away by their fixity. Cheyne.
4. To be in a rage; to be hot with anger. He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground. Dryden. While her mother did fret, and her father did fume. Sir W. Scott. To tame away, to give way to excitement and displeasure; to storm; also, to pass off in fumes.
FUME Fume, e. t.
1. To expose to the action of fumes; to treat with vapors, smoke, etc.; as, to bleach straw by fuming it with sulphur; to fill with fumes, vapors, odors, etc., as a room. She fumed the temple with an odorous flame. Dryden.
2. To praise inordinately; to flatter. They demi-deify and fume him so. Cowper.
3. To throw off in vapor, or as in the form of vapor. The heat will fume away most of the scent. Montimer. How vicious hearts fume frenzy to the brain! Young.
FUMED OAK Fumed oak. (Cabinetwork)
Defn: Oak given a weathered appearance by exposure in an air-tight compartment to fumes of ammonia from uncorked cans, being first given a coat of filler.
FUMELESS Fume"less, a.
Defn: Free from fumes.
FUMER Fum"er, n.
1. One that fumes.
2. One who makes or uses perfumes. [Obs.] Embroiderers, feather makers, fumers. Beau. & Fl.
FUMERELL Fu"mer*ell, n. (Arch.)
Defn: See Femerell.
FUMET Fu"met, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fumier dung, OF. femier, fr. L. fimus dung.]
Defn: The dung of deer. B. Jonson.
FUMET; FUMETTE Fu"met Fu*mette", n. Etym: [F. fumet odor, fume of wine or meat, fr. L. fumus smoke. See Fume, n.]
Defn: The stench or high flavor of game or other meat when kept long. Swift.
FUMETERE Fu"me*tere", n.
Defn: Fumitory. [Obs.]
FUMID Fu"mid, a. Etym: [L. fumidus, fr. fumus smoke. See Fume.]
Defn: Smoky; vaporous. Sir T. Broune.
FUMIDITY; FUMIDNESS Fu*mid"i*ty, Fu"mid*ness n.
Defn: The state of being fumid; smokiness.
FUMIFEROUS Fu*mif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. fumifer; fumus smoke + ferre to bear.]
Defn: Producing smoke.
FUMIFUGIST Fu*mif"u*gist, n. Etym: [L. fumus smoke + fugare to put to flight, fugere to flee.]
Defn: One who, or that which, drives away smoke or fumes.
FUMIFY Fu"mi*fy, v. t. Etym: [Fume + -fy.]
Defn: To subject to the action of smoke. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
FUMIGANT Fu"mi*gant, a. Etym: [L. fumigans, p. pr. of fumigare. See Fumigate.]
Defn: Fuming. [R.]
FUMIGATE Fu"mi*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fumigated; p. pr. & vb. n. Fumigating.] Etym: [L. fumigate, p. p. of fumigare to fumigate, fr. fumus smoke. See Fume, n.]
1. To apply smoke to; to expose to smoke or vapor; to purify, or free from infection, by the use of smoke or vapors.
2. To smoke; to perfume. Dryden.
FUMIGATION Fum`iga"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fumigation.]
1. The act of fumigating, or applying smoke or vapor, as for disinfection.
2. Vapor raised in the process of fumigating.
FUMIGATOR Fu"mi*ga`tor, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, fumigates; an apparattus for fumigating.
FUMIGATORY Fu"mi*ga*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. fumigatoire.]
Defn: Having the quality of purifying by smoke. [R.]
FUMILY Fum"i*ly, adv.
Defn: Smokily; with fume.
FUMING Fum"ing, a.
Defn: Producing fumes, or vapors. Cadet's fuming liquid (Chem.), alkarsin. -- Fuming liquor of Libsvius (Old Chem.), stannic chloride; the chloride of tin, SnCl4, forming a colorless, mobile liquid which fumes in the air. Mixed with water it solidifies to the so-called butter of tin. -- Fuming sulphuric acid. (Chem.) Same as Disulphuric acid, uder Disulphuric.
FUMINGLY Fum"ing*ly, adv.
Defn: In a fuming manner; angrily. "They answer fumingly." Hooker.
FUMISH Fum"ish, a.
Defn: Smoky; hot; choleric.
FUMISH Fum"ish, a.
Defn: Smoky; hot; choleric.
FUMISHNESS Fum"ish*ness, n.
Defn: Choler; fretfulness; passion.
FUMITER Fu"mi*ter`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: Fumitory. [Obs.]
FUMITORY Fu"mi*to*ry, n. Etym: [OE. fumetere, F. fumeterre, prop., smoke of the ground, fr. L. fumus smoke + terra earth. See Fume, and Terrace.] (Bot.)
Defn: The common uame of several species of the genus Fumaria, annual herbs of the Old World, with finely dissected leaves and small flowers in dense racemes or spikes. F. officinalis is a common species, and was formerly used as an antiscorbutic. Climbing fumitory (Bot.), the Alleghany vine (Adlumia cirrhosa); a biennial climbing plant with elegant feathery leaves and large clusters of pretty white or pinkish flowers looking like grains of rice.
FUMMEL Fum"mel, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A hinny.
FUMOSITY Fu*mos"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. fumosité.]
Defn: The fumes of drink. [Obs.] Chaucer.
FUMOUS Fum"ous, a. Etym: [L. fumosus, fr. fumus smoke: cf. F. fumeux.]
1. Producing smoke; smoky.
2. Producing fumes; full of fumes. Garlic, onions, mustard, and such-like fumous things. Barough (1625).
FUMY Fum"y, a.
Defn: Producing fumes; fumous. "Drowned in fumy wine." H. Brooke.
FUN Fun, n. Etym: [Perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. fonn pleasure.]
Defn: Sport; merriment; frolicsome amusement. "Oddity, frolic, and fun." Goldsmith. To make fan of, to hold up to, or turn into, ridicule.
FUNAMBULATE Fu*nam"bu*late, v. i. Etym: [See Funambulo.]
Defn: To walk or to dance on a rope.
FUNAMBULATION Fu*nam"bu*la`tion, n.
Defn: Ropedancing.
FUNAMBULATORY Fu*nam"bu*la`to*ry, a.
1. Performing like a ropedancer. Chambers.
2. Narrow, like the walk of a ropedancer. This funambulatory track. Sir T. Browne.
FUNAMBULIST Fu*nam"bu*list, n.
Defn: A ropewalker or ropedancer.
FUNAMBULO; FUNAMBULUS Fu*nam"bu*lo, Fu*nam"bu*lus n. Etym: [Sp. funambulo, or It. funambolo, fr. L. funambulus; funis rope (perh. akin to E. bind) + ambulare to walk. See Amble, and cf. Funambulist.]
Defn: A ropewalker or ropedancer. [Obs.] Bacon.
FUNCTION Func"tion, n. Etym: [L. functio, fr. fungi to perform, execute, akin to Skr. bhuj to enjoy, have the use of: cf. F. fonction. Cf. Defunct.]
1. The act of executing or performing any duty, office, or calling; per formance. "In the function of his public calling." Swift.
2. (Physiol.)
Defn: The appropriate action of any special organ or part of an animal or vegetable organism; as, the function of the heart or the limbs; the function of leaves, sap, roots, etc.; life is the sum of the functions of the various organs and parts of the body.
3. The natural or assigned action of any power or faculty, as of the soul, or of the intellect; the exertion of an energy of some determinate kind. As the mind opens, and its functions spread. Pope.
4. The course of action which peculiarly pertains to any public officer in church or state; the activity appropriate to any business or profession. Tradesmen . . . going about their functions. Shak. The malady which made him incapable of performing his regal functions. Macaulay.
5. (Math.)
Defn: A quantity so connected with another quantity, that if any alteration be made in the latter there will be a consequent alteration in the former. Each quantity is said to be a function of the other. Thus, the circumference of a circle is a function of the diameter. If x be a symbol to which different numerical values can be assigned, such expressions as x2, 3x, Log. x, and Sin. x, are all functions of x. Algebraic function, a quantity whose connection with the variable is expressed by an equation that involves only the algebraic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, raising to a given power, and extracting a given root; -- opposed to transcendental function. -- Arbitrary function. See under Arbitrary. -- Calculus of functions. See under Calculus. -- Carnot's function (Thermo-dynamics), a relation between the amount of heat given off by a source of heat, and the work which can be done by it. It is approximately equal to the mechanical equivalent of the thermal unit divided by the number expressing the temperature in degrees of the air thermometer, reckoned from its zero of expansion. -- Circular functions. See Inverse trigonometrical functions (below). -- Continuous function, a quantity that has no interruption in the continuity of its real values, as the variable changes between any specified limits. -- Discontinuous function. See under Discontinuous. -- Elliptic functions, a large and important class of functions, so called because one of the forms expresses the relation of the arc of an ellipse to the straight lines connected therewith. -- Explicit function, a quantity directly expressed in terms of the independently varying quantity; thus, in the equations y = 6x2, y = 10 -x3, the quantity y is an explicit function of x. -- Implicit function, a quantity whose relation to the variable is expressed indirectly by an equation; thus, y in the equation x2 + y2 = 100 is an implicit function of x. -- Inverse trigonometrical functions, or Circular function, the lengths of arcs relative to the sines, tangents, etc. Thus, AB is the arc whose sine is BD, and (if the length of BD is x) is written sin - 1x, and so of the other lines. See Trigonometrical function (below). Other transcendental functions are the exponential functions, the elliptic functions, the gamma functions, the theta functions, etc. -- One-valued function, a quantity that has one, and only one, value for each value of the variable. -- Transcendental functions, a quantity whose connection with the variable cannot be expressed by algebraic operations; thus, y in the equation y = 10x is a transcendental function of x. See Algebraic function (above). -- Trigonometrical function, a quantity whose relation to the variable is the same as that of a certain straight line drawn in a circle whose radius is unity, to the length of a corresponding are of the circle. Let AB be an arc in a circle, whose radius OA is unity let AC be a quadrant, and let OC, DB, and AF be drawnpependicular to OA, and EB and CG parallel to OA, and let OB be produced to G and F. E Then BD is the sine of the arc AB; OD or EB is the cosine, AF is the tangent, CG is the cotangent, OF is the secant OG is the cosecant, AD is the versed sine, and CE is the coversed sine of the are AB. If the length of AB be represented by x (OA being unity) then the lengths of Functions. these lines (OA being unity) are the trigonometrical functions of x, and are written sin x, cos x, tan x (or tang x), cot x, sec x, cosec x, versin x, coversin x. These quantities are also considered as functions of the angle BOA.
FUNCTION; FUNCTIONATE Func"tion, Func"tion*ate, v. i.
Defn: To execute or perform a function; to transact one's regular or appointed business.
FUNCTIONAL Func"tion*al, a.
1. Pertaining to, or connected with, a function or duty; official.
2. (Physiol.)
Defn: Pertaining to the function of an organ or part, or to the functions in general. Functional disease (Med.), a disease of which the symptoms cannot be referred to any appreciable lesion or change of structure; the derangement of an organ arising from a cause, often unknown, external to itself opposed to organic disease, in which the organ itself is affected.
FUNCTIONALIZE Func"tion*al*ize, v. t.
Defn: To assign to some function or office. [R.]
FUNCTIONALLY Func"tion*al*ly, adv.
Defn: In a functional manner; as regards normal or appropriate activity. The organ is said to be functionally disordered. Lawrence.
FUNCTIONARY Func"tion*a*ry, n.; pl. Functionaries. Etym: [Cf. F. fonctionnaire.]
Defn: One charged with the performance of a function or office; as, a public functionary; secular functionaries.
FUNCTIONLESS Func"tion*less, a.
Defn: Destitute of function, or of an appropriate organ. Darwin.
FUND Fund, n. Etym: [OF. font, fond, nom. fonz, bottom, ground, F. fond bottom, foundation, fonds fund, fr. L. fundus bottom, ground, foundation, piece of land. See Found to establish.]
1. An aggregation or deposit of resources from which supplies are or may be drawn for carrying on any work, or for maintaining existence.
2. A stock or capital; a sum of money appropriated as the foundation of some commercial or other operation undertaken with a view to profit; that reserve by means of which expenses and credit are supported; as, the fund of a bank, commercial house, manufacturing corporation, etc.
3. pl.
Defn: The stock of a national debt; public securities; evidences (stocks or bonds) of money lent to government, for which interest is paid at prescribed intervals; -- called also public funds.
4. An invested sum, whose income is devoted to a specific object; as, the fund of an ecclesiastical society; a fund for the maintenance of lectures or poor students; also, money systematically collected to meet the expenses of some permanent object.
5. A store laid up, from which one may draw at pleasure; a supply; a full provision of resources; as, a fund of wisdom or good sense. An inexhaustible fund of stories. Macaulay. Sinking fund, the aggregate of sums of money set apart and invested, usually at fixed intervals, for the extinguishment of the debt of a government, or of a corporation, by the accumulation of interest.
FUND Fund, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Funded; p. pr. & vb. n. Funding.]
1. To provide and appropriate a fund or permanent revenue for the payment of the interest of; to make permanent provision of resources (as by a pledge of revenue from customs) for discharging the interest of or principal of; as, to fund government notes.
2. To place in a fund, as money.
3. To put into the form of bonds or stocks bearing regular interest; as, to fund the floating debt.
FUNDABLE Fund"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being funded, or converted into a fund; convertible into bonds.
FUNDAMENT Fun"da*ment, n. Etym: [OE. fundament, fundement, fondement, OF. fundement, fondement, F. fondement, fr. L. fundamentum foundation, fr. fundare to lay the bottom, to found, fr. fundus bottom. See Fund.]
1. Foundation. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. The part of the body on which one sits; the buttocks; specifically (Anat.), the anus. Hume.
FUNDAMENTAL Fun`da*men"tal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. fondamental.]
Defn: Pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation. Hence: Essential, as an element, principle, or law; important; original; elementary; as, a fundamental truth; a fundamental axiom. The fundamental reasons of this war. Shak. Some fundamental antithesis in nature. Whewell. Fundamental bass (Mus.), the root note of a chord; a bass formed of the roots or fundamental tones of the chords. -- Fundamental chord (Mus.), a chord, the lowest tone of which is its root. -- Fundamental colors, red, green, and violet-blue. See Primary colors, under Color.
FUNDAMENTAL Fun"da*men`tal, n.
Defn: A leading or primary principle, rule, law, or article, which serves as the groundwork of a system; essential part, as, the fundamentals of the Christian faith.
FUNDAMENTALLY Fun`da*men"tal*ly, adv.
Defn: Primarily; originally; essentially; radically; at the foundation; in origin or constituents. "Fundamentally defective." Burke.
FUNDED Fund"ed, a.
1. Existing in the form of bonds bearing regular interest; as, funded debt.
2. Invested in public funds; as, funded money.
FUNDHOLDER Fund"hold"er, a.
Defn: One who has money invested in the public funds. J. S. Mill.
FUNDING Fund"ing, a.
1. Providing a fund for the payment of the interest or principal of a debt.
2. Investing in the public funds. Funding system, a system or scheme of finance or revenue by which provision is made for paying the interest or principal of a public debt.
FUNDLESS Fund"less, a.
Defn: Destitute of funds.
FUNDUS Fun"dus, n. Etym: [L., bottom.] (Anat.)
Defn: The bottom or base of any hollow organ; as, the fundus of the bladder; the fundus of the eye.
FUNEBRIAL Fu*ne"bri*al, a. Etym: [L. funebris belonging to a funeral, fr. funus funeral.]
Defn: Pertaining to a funeral or funerals; funeral; funereal. [Obs.] [Written also funebral.] Sir T. Browne.
FUNEBRIOUS Fu*ne"bri*ous, a.
Defn: Funebrial. [Obs.]
FUNERAL Fu"ner*al, n. Etym: [LL. funeralia, prop. neut. pl. of funeralis of a funeral, fr. L. funus, funeris, funeral: cf. F. funérailles.]
1. The solemn rites used in the disposition of a dead human body, whether such disposition be by interment, burning, or otherwise; esp., the ceremony or solemnization of interment; obsequies; burial; -- formerly used in the plural. King James his funerals were performed very solemnly in the collegiate church at Westminster. Euller.
2. The procession attending the burial of the dead; the show and accompaniments of an interment. "The long funerals." Pope.
3. A funeral sermon; -- usually in the plural. [Obs.] Mr. Giles Lawrence preached his funerals. South.
FUNERAL Fu"ner*al, a. Etym: [LL. funeralis. See Funeral, n.]
Defn: Per. taining to a funeral; used at the interment of the dead; as, funeral rites, honors, or ceremonies. Shak. Funeral pile, a structure of combustible material, upon which a dead body is placed to be reduced to ashes, as part of a funeral rite; a pyre. -- Fu"ner*al*ly, adv. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
FUNERATE Fu"ner*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. funeratus, p. p. of funerare to funerate, fr. funus. See Funeral.]
Defn: To bury with funeral rites. [Obs.] Cockeram.
FUNERATION Fu`ner*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. funeratio.]
Defn: The act of burying with funeral rites. [Obs.] Knatchbull.
FUNEREAL Fu*ne"re*al, a. Etym: [L. funereus, fr. fentus a funeral.]
Defn: Suiting a funeral; pertaining to burial; solemn. Hence: Dark; dismal; mournful. Jer. Taylor. What seem to us but sad funereal tapers May be heaven's distant lamps. Longfellow. -- Fu*ne"re*al*ly, adv.
FUNEST Fu*nest", a. Etym: [L. funestus, fr. funus a funeral, destruction: cf. F. funeste.]
Defn: Lamentable; doleful. [R.] "Funest and direful deaths." Coleridge. A forerunner of something very funest. Evelyn.
FUNGAL Fun"gal, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to fungi.
FUNGATE Fun"gate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fongate.] (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of fungic acid. [Formerly written also fungiate.]
FUNGE Funge, n. Etym: [L. fungus mushroom, dolt.]
Defn: A blockhead; a dolt; a fool. [Obs.] Burton.
FUNGI Fun"gi, n. pl. (Bot.)
Defn: See Fungus.
FUNGIA Fun"gi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. fungus mushroom: cf. F. fongie.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of simple, stony corals; -- so called because they are usually flat and circular, with radiating plates, like the gills of a mushroom. Some of them are eighteen inches in diameter.
FUNGIAN Fun"gi*an, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Fungidæ, a family of stony corals. -- n.
Defn: One of the Fungidæ.
FUNGIBLES Fun"gi*bles, n. pl. Etym: [LL. (res) fungibiles, probably fr. L. fungi to discharge. "A barbarous term, supposed to have originated in the use of the words functionem recipere in the Digeste." Bouvier. "Called fungibiles, quia una alterius vice fungitur." John Taylor (1755). Cf. Function.]
1. (Civ. Law)
Defn: Things which may be furnished or restored in kind, as distinguished from specific things; -- called also fungible things. Burrill.
2. (Scots Law)
Defn: Movable goods which may be valued by weight or measure, in contradistinction from those which must be judged of individually. Jamieson.
FUNGIC Fun"gic, a. Etym: [L. fungus mushroom: cf. F. fungique, fongique.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, mushrooms; as, fungic acid.
FUNGICIDE Fun"gi*cide`, n. Etym: [Fungi + -cide, fr. L. caedere to kill.]
Defn: Anything that kills fungi. -- Fun`gi*ci"dal, n.
FUNGIFORM Fun"gi*form, a. Etym: [Eungus + -form: cf. F. fongiforme.]
Defn: Shaped like a fungus or mushroom. Fungiform papillæ (Anat.), numerous small, rounded eminences on the upper surface of the tongue.
FUNGI IMPERFECTI Fun"gi Im`per*fec"ti, pl. [L. imperfecti imperfect.] (Bot.)
Defn: A heterogenous group of fungi of which the complete life history is not known. Some undoubtedly represent the conidium stages of various Ascomycetes. The group is divided into the orders Sphæropsidales, Melanconiales, and Moniliales.
FUNGILLIFORM Fun*gil"li*form, a.
Defn: Shaped like a small fungus.
FUNGIN Fun"gin, n. Etym: [L. fungus mushroom: cf. F, fongine, fungine.] (Chem.)
Defn: A name formerly given to cellulose found in certain fungi and mushrooms.
FUNGITE Fun"gite, n. Etym: [L. fungus mushroom: cf. F. pongite.] (Paleon.)
Defn: A fossil coral resembling Fungia.
FUNGIVOROUS Fun*giv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. fungus + vorare to eat freedily: cf. F. fangivore.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Eating fungi; -- said of certain insects and snails.
FUNGOID Fun"goid, a. Etym: [Fungus + -oil: cf. F. fongoïde.]
Defn: Like a fungus; fungous; spongy.
FUNGOLOGIST Fun*gol"o*gist, n.
Defn: A mycologist.
FUNGOLOGY Fun*gol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Fungus + --logy.]
Defn: Mycology.
FUNGOSITY Fun*gos"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fungosité, fongosité.]
Defn: The quality of that which is fungous; fungous excrescence. Dunglison.
FUNGOUS Fun"gous, a. Etym: [L. fungosus: cf. F. fungueux.]
1. Of the nature of fungi; spongy.
2. Growing suddenly, but not substantial or durable.
FUNGUS Fun"gus, n.; pl. L. Fungi, E. Funguses. Etym: [L., a mushroom; perh. akin to a doubtful Gr. sponge.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: Any one of the Fungi, a large and very complex group of thallophytes of low organization, -- the molds, mildews, rusts, smuts, mushrooms, toadstools, puff balls, and the allies of each.
Note: The fungi are all destitute of chorophyll, and, therefore, to be supplied with elaborated nourishment, must live as saprophytes or parasites. They range in size from single microscopic cells to systems of entangled threads many feet in extent, which develop reproductive bodies as large as a man's head. The vegetative system consists of septate or rarely unseptate filaments called hyphæ; the aggregation of hyphæ into structures of more or less definite form is known as the mycelium. See Fungi, in the Supplement.
2. (Med.)
Defn: A spongy, morbid growth or granulation in animal bodies, as the proud flesh of wounds. Hoblyn.
FUNIC Fu"nic, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Funicular.
FUNICLE Fu"ni*cle, n. Etym: [L. funiculus, dim. of funis cord, rope: cf. F. funicule funicle (in sense 2). Cf. Funambulo.] (Bot.)
1. A small cord, ligature, or fiber.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: The little stalk that attaches a seed to the placenta.
FUNICULAR Fu*nic"u*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. funiculaire.]
1. Consisting of a small cord or fiber.
2. Dependent on the tension of a cord.
3. (Anat.)
Defn: Pertaining to a funiculus; made up of, or resembling, a funiculus, or funiculi; as, a funicular ligament. Funicular action (Mech.), the force or action exerted by a rope in drawing together the supports to which its ends are Fastened, when acted upon by forces applied in a direction transverse to the rope, as in the archer's bow. -- Funicular curve. Same as Catenary. -- Funicular machine (Mech.), an apparatus for illustrating certain principles in statics, consisting of a cord or chain attached at one end to a fixed point, and having the other passed over a pulley and sustaining a weight, while one or more other weights are suspended from the cord at points between the fixed support and the pulley. -- Funicular polygon (Mech.), the polygonal figure assumed by a cord fastened at its extremities, and sustaining weights at different points.
FUNICULATE Fu*nic"u*late, a.
Defn: Forming a narrow ridge.
FUNICULUS Fu*nic"u*lus, n.; pl. Funiculi. Etym: [L., a little cord. See Funicle.]
1. (Anat.) A cord, baud, or bundle of fibers; esp., one of the small bundles of fibers, of which large nerves are made up; applied also to different bands of white matter in the brain and spinal cord.
2. (Zoöl.) (a) A short cord which connects the embryo of some myriapods with the amnion. (b) In Bryozoa, an organ extending back from the stomach. See Bryozoa, and Phylactolema.
FUNILIFORM Fu*nil"i*form, a. Etym: [L. funis rope + -form.] (Bot.)
Defn: Resembling a cord in toughness and flexibility, as the roots of some endogenous trees.
FUNIS Fu"nis, n. Etym: [L., a rope. ]
Defn: A cord; specifically, the umbilical cord or navel string.
FUNK Funk, n. Etym: [OE. funke a little fire; akin to Prov. E. funk touchwood, G. funke spark, and perh. to Goth. f fire.]
Defn: An offensive smell; a stench. [Low]
FUNK Funk, v. t.
Defn: To envelop with an offensive smell or smoke. [Obs.] King.
FUNK Funk, v. i.
1. To emit an offensive smell; to stink.
2. To be frightened, and shrink back; to flinch; as, to funk at the edge of a precipice. [Colloq.] C. Kingsley. To funk out, to back out in a cowardly fashion. [Colloq.] To funk right out o' political strife. Lowell (Biglow Papers).
FUNK; FUNKING Funk, Funk"ing, n.
Defn: A shrinking back through fear. [Colloq.] "The horrid panic, or funk (as the men of Eton call it)." De Quincey.
FUNKY Funk"y, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, great fear, or funking. [Colloq. Eng.]
FUNNEL Fun"nel, n. Etym: [OE. funel, fonel, prob. through OF. fr, L. fundibulum, infundibulum, funnel, fr. infundere to pour in; in in + fundere to pour; cf. Armor. founil funnel, W. ffynel air hole, chimney. See Fuse, v. t.]
1. A vessel of the shape of an inverted hollow cone, terminating below in a pipe, and used for conveying liquids into a close vessel; a tunnel.
2. A passage or avenue for a fluid or flowing substance; specifically, a smoke flue or pipe; the iron chimney of a steamship or the like. Funnel box (Mining), an apparatus for collecting finely crushed ore from water. Knight. -- Funnel stay (Naut.), one of the ropes or rods steadying a steamer's funnel.
FUNNELFORM Fun"nel*form`, a. (Bot.)
Defn: Having the form of a funnel, or tunnel; that is, expanding gradually from the bottom upward, as the corolla of some flowers; infundibuliform.
FUNNY Fun"ny, a. [Compar. Funnier; superl. Funniest.] Etym: [From Fun.]
Defn: Droll; comical; amusing; laughable. Funny bone. See crazy bone, under Crazy.
FUNNY Fun"ny, n.; pl. Funnies (.
Defn: A clinkerbuit, narrow boat for sculling. [Eng.]
FUR Fur, n. Etym: [OE. furre, OF. forre, fuerre, sheatth, case, of German origin; cf. OHG. fuotar lining, case, G. futter; akin to Icel. f lining, Goth. f, scabbard; cf. Skr. p vessel, dish. The German and Icel. words also have the sense, fodder, but this was probably a different word originally. Cf. Fodder food, Fother, v. t., Forel, n.]
1. The short, fine, soft hair of certain animals, growing thick on the skin, and distinguished from the hair, which is longer and coarser.
2. The skins of certain wild animals with the fur; peltry; as, a cargo of furs.
3. Strips of dressed skins with fur, used on garments for warmth or for ornament.
4. pl.
Defn: Articles of clothing made of fur; as, a set of furs for a lady (a collar, tippet, or cape, muff, etc.). Wrapped up in my furs. Lady M. W. Montagu.
5. Any coating considered as resembling fur; as: (a) A coat of morbid matter collected on the tongue in persons affected with fever. (b) The soft, downy covering on the skin of a peach. (c) The deposit formed on the interior of boilers and other vessels by hard water.
6. (Her.)
Defn: One of several patterns or diapers used as tinctures. There are nine in all, or, according to some writers, only six. See Tincture.
FUR Fur, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to furs; bearing or made of fur; as, a fur cap; the fur trade. Fur seal (Zoöl.) one of several species of seals of the genera Callorhinus and Arclocephalus, inhabiting the North Pacific and the Antarctic oceans. They have a coat of fine and soft fur which is highly prized. The northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) breeds in vast numbers on the Prybilov Islands, off the coast of Alaska; -- called also sea bear.
FUR Fur, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furred; p. pr. & vb. n. Furring.]
1. To line, face, or cover with fur; as, furred robes. "You fur your gloves with reason." Shak.
2. To cover with morbid matter, as the tongue.
3. (Arch.) To nail small strips of board or larger scantling upon, in order to make a level surface for lathing or boarding, or to provide for a space or interval back of the plastered or boarded surface, as inside an outer wall, by way of protection against damp. Gwill.
FURACIOUS Fu*ra"cious, a. Etym: [L. furax, -racis thievish, from fur thief.]
Defn: Given to theft; thievish. [Obs.]
FURACITY Fu*rac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. furacitas.]
Defn: Addictedness to theft; thievishness. [Obs.]
FURBELOW Fur"be*low, n. Etym: [Prov. F. farbala, equiv. to F. falbala, It. falbalà.]
Defn: A plaited or gathered flounce on a woman's garment.
FURBELOW Fur"be*low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furbelowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Furbelowing.]
Defn: To put a furbelow on; to ornament.
FURBISH Fur"bish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furbished; p. pr. & vb. n. Furbishing.] Etym: [OE. forbischen, OF. forbir, furbir, fourbir, F. fourbir, fr. OHG. furban to clean. See -ish.]
Defn: To rub or scour to brightness; to clean; to burnish; as, to furbish a sword or spear. Shak. Furbish new the name of John a Gaunt. Shak.
FURBISHABLE Fur"bish*a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being furbished.
FURBISHER Fur"bish*er, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fourbisseur.]
Defn: One who furbishes; esp., a sword cutler, who finishes sword blades and similar weapons.
FURCATE; FURCATED Fur"cate, Fur"ca*ted, a. Etym: [L. furca fork. See Fork.]
Defn: Forked; branching like a fork; as, furcate twigs.
FURCATION Fur*ca"tion, n.
Defn: A branching like a. fork.
FURCIFEROUS Fur*cif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. furcifer yoke bearer, scoundrel; furca fork, yoke, fork-shaped instrument of punishment + ferre to bear.]
Defn: Rascally; scandalous. [R.] "Furciferous knaves." De Quincey.
FURCULA Fur"cu*la, n. Etym: [L., a forked prop, dim. of furca a fork.] (Anat.)
Defn: A forked process; the wishbone or furculum.
FURCULAR Fur"cu*lar, a.
Defn: Shaped like a fork; furcate.
FURCULUM Fur"cu*lum, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. furca a fork.] (Anat.)
Defn: The wishbone or merrythought of birds, formed by the united clavicles.
FURDLE Fur"dle, v. t. Etym: [See Fardel, and cf. Furl.]
Defn: To draw up into a bundle; to roll up. [Ods.]
FURFUR Fur"fur, n. Etym: [L.]
Defn: Scurf; dandruff.
FURFURACEOUS Fur"fu*ra"ceous, a. Etym: [L. furfuraceus.]
Defn: Made of bran; like bran; scurfy.
FURFURAN Fur"fu*ran, n. Etym: [L. furfur bran.] (Chem.)
Defn: A colorless, oily substance, C4H4O, obtained by distilling certain organic substances, as pine wood, salts of pyromucic acid, etc.; -- called also tetraphenol.
FURFURATION Fur"fu*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. furfur bran, scurf.]
Defn: Falling of scurf from the head; desquamation.
FURFURINE Fur"fu*rine, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A white, crystalline base, obtained indirectly from furfurol.
FURFUROL Fur"fu*rol, n. Etym: [L. furfur bran + oleum oil.] (Chem.)
Defn: A colorless oily liquid, C4H3O.CHO, of a pleasant odor, obtained by the distillation of bran, sugar, etc., and regarded as an aldehyde derivative of furfuran; -- called also furfural.
FURFUROUS Fur"fu*rous, a.
Defn: Made of bran; furfuraceous. [R.] "Furfurous bread." Sydney Smith.
FURIAL Fu"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. furialis: cf. OF. furial.]
Defn: Furious; raging; tormenting. [Obs.] Chaucer.
FURIBUNDAL Fu`ri*bun"dal, a. Etym: [L. furibundus, fr. furere to rage.]
Defn: Full of rage. [Obs.] G. Harvey.
FURIES Fu"ries, n. pl.
Defn: See Fury, 3.
FURILE Fu"rile, n. Etym: [Furfurol + benzile.] (Chem.)
Defn: A yellow, crystalline substance, (C4H3O)2.C2O2, obtained by the oxidation of furoin. [Written also furil.]
FURILIC Fu*ril"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, furile; as, furilic acid.
FURIOSO Fu"ri*o"so, a.& adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)
Defn: With great force or vigor; vehemently.
FURIOUS Fu"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. furiosus, fr. furia rage, fury: cf. F. furieux. See Fury.]
1. Transported with passion or fury; raging; violent; as, a furious animal.
2. Rushing with impetuosity; moving with violence; as, a furious stream; a furious wind or storm.
Syn. -- Impetuous; vehement; boisterous; fierce; turbulent; tumultuous; angry; mad; frantic; frenzied. -- Fu"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Fu"ri*ous*ness, n.
FURL Furl, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furld; p. pr. & vb. n. Furling.] Etym: [Contr. fr. furdle, fr. fardel bundle: cf. F. ferler to furl, OF. fardeler to pack. See Furdle, Fardel, and cf. Farl.]
Defn: To draw up or gather into close compass; to wrap or roll, as a sail, close to the yard, stay, or mast, or, as a flag, close to or around its staff, securing it there by a gasket or line. Totten.
FURLONG Fur"long, n. Etym: [OE. furlong, furlang, AS. furlang, furlung, prop., the length of a furrow; furh furrow + lang long. See Furrow, and Long, a.]
Defn: A measure of length; the eighth part of a mile; forty rods; two hundred and twenty yards.
FURLOUGH Fur"lough, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. D. verlof, fr. a prefix akin to E. for + the root of E. lief, and akin to Dan. forlov, Sw. förlof, G. verlaub permission. See Life, a.] (Mil.)
Defn: Leave of abserice; especially, leave given to an offcer or soldier to be absent from service for a certain time; also, the document granting leave of absence.
FURLOUGH Fur"lough, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furloughed (; p. pr. & vb. n. Furloughing.] (Mil.)
Defn: To furnish with a furlough; to grant leave of absence to, as to an offcer or soldier.
FURMONTY; FURMITY Fur"mon*ty, Fur"mi*ty n.
Defn: Same as Frumenty.
FURNACE Fur"nace, n. Etym: [OE. fornais, forneis, OF. fornaise, F. fournaise, from L. fornax; akin to furnus oven, and prob. to E. forceps.]
1. An inclosed place in which heat is produced by the combustion of fuel, as for reducing ores or melting metals, for warming a house, for baking pottery, etc.; as, an iron furnace; a hot-air furnace; a glass furnace; a boiler furnace, etc.
Note: Furnaces are classified as wind or air. furnaces when the fire is urged only by the natural draught; as blast furnaces, when the fire is urged by the injection artificially of a forcible current of air; and as reverberatory furnaces, when the flame, in passing to the chimney, is thrown down by a low arched roof upon the materials operated upon.
2. A place or time of punishment, affiction, or great trial; severe experience or discipline. Deut. iv. 20. Bustamente furnace, a shaft furnace for roasting quicksilver ores. -- Furnace bridge, Same as Bridge wall. See Bridge, n., 5. -- Furnace cadmiam or cadmia, the oxide of zinc which accumulates in the chimneys of furnaces smelting zinciferous ores. Raymond. -- Furnace hoist (Iron Manuf.), a lift for raising ore, coal, etc., to the mouth of a blast furnace.
FURNACE Fur"nace, n.
1. To throw out, or exhale, as from a furnace; also, to put into a furnace. [Obs. or R.] He furnaces The thick sighe from him. Shak.
FURNIMENT Fur"ni*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fourniment. See Furnish.]
Defn: Furniture. [Obs.] Spenser.
FURNISH Fur"nish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furnished; p. pr. & vb. n. Furnishing.] Etym: [OF. furnir, fornir, to furnish, finish, F. fournir; akin to Pr. formir, furmir, fromir, to accomplish, satisfy, fr. OHG. frumjan to further, execute, do, akin to E. frame. See Frame, v. t., and - ish.]
1. To supply with anything necessary, useful, or appropriate; to provide; to equip; to fit out, or fit up; to adorn; as, to furnish a family with provisions; to furnish one with arms for defense; to furnish a Cable; to furnish the mind with ideas; to furnish one with knowledge or principles; to furnish an expedition or enterprise, a room or a house. That the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished unto all good works. 2 Tim. iii. 17,
2. To offer for use; to provide (something); to give (something); to afford; as, to furnish food to the hungry: to furnish arms for defense. Ye are they . . . that furnish the drink offering unto that number. Is. lxv. 11. His writings and his life furnish abundant proofs that he was not a man of strong sense. Macaulay.
FURNISH Fur"nish, n.
Defn: That which is furnished as a specimen; a sample; a supply. [Obs.] Greene.
FURNISHER Fur"nish*er, n.
Defn: One who supplies or fits out.
FURNISHMENT Fur"nish*ment, n.
Defn: The act of furnishing, or of supplying furniture; also, furniture. [Obs.] Daniel.
FURNITURE Fur"ni*ture, n. Etym: [F. fourniture. See Furnish, v. t.]
1. That with which anything is furnished or supplied; supplies; outfit; equipment. The form and all the furniture of the earth. Tillotson. The thoughts which make the furniture of their minds. M. Arnold.
2. Articles used for convenience or decoration in a house or apartment, as tables, chairs, bedsteads, sofas, carpets, curtains, pictures, vases, etc.
3. The necessary appendages to anything, as to a machine, a carriage, a ship, etc. (a) (Naut.) The masts and rigging of a ship. (b) (Mil.) The mountings of a gun. (c) Builders' hardware such as locks, door and window trimmings. (d) (Print) Pieces of wood or metal of a lesser height than the type, placed around the pages or other matter in a form, and, with the quoins, serving to secure the form in its place in the chase.
4. (Mus.)
Defn: A mixed or compound stop in an organ; -- sometimes called mixture.
FUROIN Fu"ro*in, n. Etym: [See Furfurol.] (Chem.)
Defn: A colorless, crystalline substance, C10H8O4, from furfurol.
FURORE Fu*ro"re, n. Etym: [It.]
Defn: Excitement; commotion; enthusiasm.
FURRIER Fur"ri*er, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fourreur.]
Defn: A dealer in furs; one who makes or sells fur goods.
FURRIERY Fur"ri*er*y, n.
1. Furs, in general. Tooke.
2. The business of a furrier; trade in furs.
FURRING Fur"ring, n.
1. (Carp.) (a) The leveling of a surface, or the preparing of an air space, by means of strips of board or of larger pieces. See Fur, v. t., 3. (b) The strips thus laid on.
2. (Shipbuilding)
Defn: Double planking of a ship's side.
3. A deposit from water, as on the inside of a boiler; also, the operation of cleaning away this deposit.
FURROW Fur"row, n. Etym: [OE. forow, forgh, furgh, AS. furh; akin to D. voor, OHG. furuh, G. furche, Dan. fure, Sw. f, Icel. for drain, L. porca ridge between two furrows.]
1. A trench in the earth made by, or as by, a plow.
2. Any trench, channel, or groove, as in wood or metal; a wrinkle on the face; as, the furrows of age. Farrow weed a weed which grows on plowed land. Shak. -- To draw a straight furrow, to live correctly; not to deviate from the right line of duty. Lowell.
FURROW Fur"row, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furrowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Furrowing.] Etym: [From Furrow, n.; cf. AS. fyrian.]
1. To cut a furrow in; to make furrows in; to plow; as, to furrow the ground or sea. Shak.
2. To mark with channels or with wrinkles. Thou canst help time to furrow me with age. Shak. Fair cheeks were furrowed with hot tears. Byron.
FURROWY Fur"row*y, a.
Defn: Furrowed. [R.] Tennyson.
FURRY Fur"ry, a. Etym: [From Fur.]
1. Covered with fur; dressed in fur. "Furry nations." Thomson.
2. Consisting of fur; as, furry spoils. Dryden.
3. Resembling fur.
FURTHER Fur"ther, adv. Etym: [A comparative of forth; OE. further, forther, AS. fur, far; akin to G. fürder. See Forth, adv.]
Defn: To a greater distance; in addition; moreover. See Farther. Carries us, I know not how much further, into familiar company. M. Arnold. They sdvanced us far as Eleusis and Thria; but no further. Jowett (Thucyd. ). Further off, not so near; apart by a greater distance.
FURTHER Fur"ther, a. compar. [Positive wanting; superl. Furthest.]
1. More remote; at a greater distance; more in advance; farther; as, the further end of the field. See Farther.
2. Beyond; additional; as, a further reason for this opinion; nothing further to suggest.
Note: The forms further and farther are in general not differentiated by writers, but further is preferred by many when application to quantity or degree is implied.
FURTHER Fur"ther", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furthered; p. pr. & vb. n. Furthering.] Etym: [OE. furthren, forthren, AS. fyredhran, fyredhrian. See Further, adv.]
Defn: To help forward; to promote; to advance; to forward; to help or assist. This binds thee, then, to further my design. Dryden. I should nothing further the weal public. Robynsom (More's Utopia).
FURTHERANCE Fur"ther*ance, n.
Defn: The act of furthering or helping forward; promotion; advancement; progress. I know that I shall abide and continue with you all for your furthersnce and joy of faith. Phil. i. 25. Built of furtherance and pursuing, Not of spent deeds, but of doing. Emerson.
FURTHERER Fur"ther*er, n.
Defn: One who furthers. or helps to advance; a promoter. Shak.
FURTHERMORE Fur"ther*more", adv.
Defn: or conj. Moreover; besides; in addition to what has been said.
FURTHERMOST Fur"ther*most", a.
Defn: Most remote; furthest.
FURTHERSOME Fur"ther*some, a.
Defn: Tending to further, advance, or promote; helpful; advantageous. [R.] You will not find it furthersome. Carlyle.
FURTHEST Fur"thest, a.
Defn: superl. Most remote; most in advance; farthest. See Further, a.
FURTHEST Fur"thest, adv.
Defn: At the greatest distance; farthest.
FURTIVE Fur"tive, a. Etym: [L. furtivus, fr. furtum theft, fr. fur thief, akin to ferre to bear: cf. F. furtif. See Fertile.]
Defn: Stolen; obtained or characterized by stealth; sly; secret; stealthy; as, a furtive look. Prior. A hasty and furtive ceremony. Hallam.
FURTIVELY Fur"tive*ly, adv.
Defn: Stealthily by theft. Lover.
FURUNCLE Fu"run*cle, n. Etym: [L. furunculus a petty thief, a boil, dim. of fur thief: cf. F. furoncle.] (Med.)
Defn: A superficial, inflammatory tumor, suppurating with a central core; a boil.
FURUNCULAR Fu*run"cu*lar, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a furuncle; marked by the presence of furuncles.
FURY Fu"ry, n. Etym: [L. fur.]
Defn: A thief. [Obs.] Have an eye to your plate, for there be furies. J. Fleteher.
FURY Fu"ry, n.; pl. Furies. Etym: [L. furia, fr. furere to rage: cf. F. furie. Cf. Furor.]
1. Violent or extreme excitement; overmastering agitation or enthusiasm. Her wit began to be with a divine fury inspired. Sir P. Sidney.
2. Violent anger; extreme wrath; rage; -- sometimes applied to inanimate things, as the wind or storms; impetuosity; violence. "Fury of the wind." Shak. I do oppose my patience to his fury. Shak.
3. pl. (Greek Myth.) The avenging deities, Tisiphone, Alecto, and Megæra; the Erinyes or Eumenides. The Furies, they said, are attendants on justice, and if the sun in heaven should transgress his path would punish him. Emerson.
4. One of the Parcæ, or Fates, esp. Atropos. [R.] Comes the blind Fury with the abhorred shears, And slits the thin- spun life. Milton.
5. A stormy, turbulent violent woman; a hag; a vixen; a virago; a termagant.
Syn. -- Anger; indignation; resentment; wrath; ire; rage; vehemence; violence; fierceness; turbulence; madness; frenzy. See Anger.
FURZE Furze, n. Etym: [OE. firs, As. fyrs.] (Bot.)
Defn: A thorny evergreen shrub (Ulex Europæus), with beautiful yellow flowers, very common upon the plains and hills of Great Britain; -- called also gorse, and whin. The dwarf furze is Ulex nanus.
FURZECHAT Furze"chat", n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The whinchat; -- called also furzechuck.
FURZELING Furze"ling, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: An English warbler (Melizophilus provincialis); -- called also furze wren, and Dartford warbler.
FURZEN Furz"en, a.
Defn: Furzy; gorsy. [Obs.] Holland.
FURZY Furz"y, a. a.
Defn: bounding in, or overgrown with, furze; characterized by furze. Gay.
FUSAIN Fu"sain", n. Etym: [F., the spindle tree; also, charcoal made from it.] (Eine Arts) (a) Fine charcoal of willow wood, used as a drawing implement. (b) A drawing made with it. See Charcoal, n. 2, and Charcoal drawing, under Charcoal.
FUSAROLE Fu"sa*role, n. Etym: [F. fusarolle, fr. It. fusaruolo, fr. fuso spindle, shaft of a column. See Fusee a conical wheel.] (Arch.)
Defn: A molding generally placed under the echinus or quarter round of capitals in the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders of architecture.
FUSCATION Fus*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. fuscare, fuscatum, to make dark, fr. fuscus dark.]
Defn: A darkening; obscurity; obfuscation. [R.] Blount.
FUSCIN Fus"cin, n. Etym: [L. fuscus dark-colored, tawny.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Defn: A brown, nitrogenous pigment contained in the retinal epithelium; a variety of melanin.
FUSCINE Fus"cine, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A dark-colored substance obtained from empyreumatic animal oil. [R.]
FUSCOUS Fus"cous, a. Etym: [L. fuscus.]
Defn: Brown or grayish black; darkish. Sad and fuscous colors, as black or brown, or deep purple and the like. Burke.
FUSE Fuse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fused (fuzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Fusing.] Etym: [L. fusus, p. p. of fundere to pour, melt, cast. See Foundo to cast, and cf. Futile.]
1. To liquefy by heat; to render fiuid; to dissolve; to melt.
2. To unite or blend, as if melted together. Whose fancy fuses old and new. Tennyson.
FUSE Fuse, v. i.
1. To be reduced from a solid to a Quid state by heat; to be melted; to melt.
2. To be blended, as if melted together. Fusing point, the degree of temperature at which a substance melts; the point of fusion.
FUSE Fuse, n. Etym: [For fusee, fusil. See 2d Fusil.] (Gunnery, Mining, etc.)
Defn: A tube or casing filled with combustible matter, by means of which a charge of powder is ignited, as in blasting; -- called also fuzee. See Fuze. Fuse hole, the hole in a shell prepared for the reception of the fuse. Farrow.
FUSEE Fu*see", n. Etym: [See 2d Fusil, and cf. Fuse, n.]
1. A flintlock gun. See 2d Fusil. [Obs.]
2. A fuse. See Fuse, n.
3. A kind of match for lighting a pipe or cigar. (Railroad)
Defn: A small packet of explosive material with wire appendages allowing it to be conveniently attached to a railroad track. It will explode with a loud report when run over by a train, and is used to provide a warning signal to the engineer.
FUSEE Fu*see", n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]
Defn: The track of a buck. Ainsworth.
FUSEE Fu*see", n. Etym: [F. fusée a spindleful, fusee, LL. fusata, fr. fusare to use a spindle, L. fusus spindle.] (a) The cone or conical wheel of a watch or clock, designed to equalize the power of the mainspring by having the chain from the barrel which contains the spring wind in a spiral groove on the surface of the cone in such a manner that the diameter of the cone at the point where the chain acts may correspond with the degree of tension of the spring. (b) A similar wheel used in other machinery.
FUSEL; FUSEL OIL Fu"sel, n., Fu"sel oil. Etym: [G. fusel bad liquor.] (Chem.)
Defn: A hot, acrid, oily liquid, accompanying many alcoholic liquors (as potato whisky, corn whisky, etc.), as an undesirable ingredient, and consisting of several of the higher alcohols and compound ethers, but particularly of amyl alcohol; hence, specifically applied to amyl alcohol.
FUSELAGE Fu"se*lage, n. (Aëronautics)
Defn: An elongated body or frame of an aëroplane or flying machine; sometimes, erroneously, any kind of frame or body. Many aëroplanes have no fuselage, properly so called.
FUSE PLUG; FUZE PLUG Fuse, or Fuze, plug .
1. (Ordnance)
Defn: A plug fitted to the fuse hole of a shell to hold the fuse.
2. A fusible plug that screws into a receptacle, used as a fuse in electric wiring.
FUSIBILITY Fu"si*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fusibilité.]
Defn: The quality of being fusible.
FUSIBLE Fu"si*ble, a. Etym: [F. fusible. See Fuse, v. t.]
Defn: CapabIe of being melted or liquefied. Fusible metal, any alloy of different metals capable of being easily fused, especially an alloy of five parts of bismuth, three of lead, and two of tin, which melts at a temperature below that of boiling water. Ure. -- Fusible plug (Steam Boiler), a piece of easily fusible alloy, placed in one of the sheets and intended to melt and blow off the steam in case of low water.
FUSIFORM Fu"si*form, a. Etym: [L. fusus spindle + -form: cf. F. fusiforme.]
Defn: Shaped like a spindle; tapering at each end; as, a fusiform root; a fusiform cell.
FUSIL Fu"sil, a. Etym: [L. fusilis molten, fluid, fr. fundere, fusum, to pour, cast. See Fuse, v. t.]
1. Capable of being melted or rendered fluid by heat; fusible. [R.] "A kind of fusil marble" Woodward.
2. Running or flowing, as a liquid. [R.] "A fusil sea." J. Philips.
3. Formed by melting and pouring into a mold; cast; founded. [Obs.] Milton.
FUSIL Fu"sil, n. Etym: [F. fusil, LL. fosile a steel for kindling fire, from L. focus hearth, fireplace, in LLL. fire. See Focus, and cf. Fusee a firelock.]
Defn: A light kind of flintlock musket, formerly in use.
FUSIL Fu"sil, n. Etym: [See 3d Fusee.] (Her.)
Defn: A bearing of a rhomboidal figure; -- named from its shape, which resembles that of a spindle.
Note: It differs from a lozenge in being longer in proportion to its width.
FUSILE Fu"sile, a.
Defn: Same as Fusil, a.
FUSILEER; FUSILIER Fu"sil*eer", Fu"sil*ier", n. Etym: [F. fusilier, fr. fusil.] (Mil.) (a) Formerly, a soldier armed with a fusil. Hence, in the plural: (b) A title now borne by some regiments and companies; as, "The Royal Fusiliers," etc.
FUSILLADE Fu"sil*lade", n. Etym: [F. fusillade, cf. It. fucilata. See Fusil a firelock.] (Mil.)
Defn: A simultaneous discharge of firearms.
FUSILLADE Fu"sil*lade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fusillader; p. pr. & vb. n. Fusillading.]
Defn: To shoot down of shoot at by a simultaneous discharge of firearms.
FUSION Fu"sion, n. Etym: [L. fusio, fr. fundere, fusum to pour, melt: cf. F. fusion. See Fuse, v. t., aud cf, Foison.]
1. The act or operation of melting or rendering fluid by heat; the act of melting together; as, the fusion of metals.
2. The state of being melted or dissolved by heat; a state of fluidity or flowing in consequence of heat; as, metals in fusion.
3. The union or blending together of things, as, melted together. The universal fusion of races, languages, and customs . . . had produced a corresponding fusion of creeds. C. Kingsley. Watery fusion (Chem.) the melting of certain crystals by heat in their own water of crystallization.
4. (Biol.)
Defn: The union, or binding together, of adjacent parts or tissues.
FUSOME Fu"some, a. Etym: [AS. f to hasten, fr. f ready, prompt, quick; akin to OS. f, OHG. funs, Icel. fuss willing; prob. from the root of E. find.]
Defn: Handy; reat; handsome; notable. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
FUSS Fuss, n. Etym: [Cf. Fusome.]
1. A tumult; a bustle; unnecessary or annoying ado about trifles. Byron. Zealously, assiduously, and with a minimum of fuss or noise Carlyle.
2. One who is unduly anxious about trifles. [R.] I am a fuss and I don't deny it. W. D. Howell.
FUSS Fuss, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fussed; p. pr. & vb. n. Fussing.]
Defn: To be overbusy or unduly anxious about trifles; to make a bustle or ado. Sir W. Scott.
FUSSILY Fuss"i*ly, adv.
Defn: In a fussy manner. Byron.
FUSSINESS Fuss"i*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being fussy.
FUSSY Fuss"y, a. [Compar. Fussier; superl Fussiest.]
Defn: Making a fuss; disposed to make an unnecessary ado about trifles; overnice; fidgety. Not at all fussy about his personal appearance. R. G. White.
FUST Fust, n. Etym: [OF. fust, F. f, fr. L. fustis stick staff.] (Arch.)
Defn: The shaft of a column, or trunk of pilaster. Gwilt.
FUST Fust, n. Etym: [OF. fust cask, F. f cask, taste or smell of the caak, fustiness, cf. sentir le f to taste of the cask. See 1st Fust.]
Defn: A strong, musty smell; mustiness.
FUST Fust, v. i.
Defn: To become moldy; to smell ill. [Obs.]
FUSTED Fust"ed, a.
Defn: Moldy; ill-smelling. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
FUSTERIC Fus"ter*ic, n.
Defn: The coloring matter of fustet. Ure.
FUSTET Fus"tet, n. Etym: [F. fustet (cf. Sp. & Pg. fustete), LL. fustetus, fr. L. fustis stick, in LL., tree, See 1st Fust, and cf. Fustic.]
Defn: The wood of the Rhus Cptinus or Venice sumach, a shrub of Southern Europe, which yields a fine orange color, which, however, is not durable without a mordant. Ure.
FUSTIAN Fus"tian, n. Etym: [OE. fustan, fustian, OF. fustaine, F. futaine, It. fustagno, fr. LL. fustaneum, fustanum; cf. Pr. fustani, Sp. fustan. So called from Fustat, i. e., Cairo, where it was made.]
1. A kind of coarse twilled cotton or cotton and linen stuff, including corduroy, velveteen, etc.
2. An inflated style of writing; a kind of writing in which high- sounding words are used,' above the dignity of the thoughts or subject; bombast. Claudius . . . has run his description into the most wretched fustian. Addison.
FUSTIAN Fus"tian, a.
1. Made of fustian.
2. Pompous; ridiculously tumid; inflated; bombastic; as, fustian history. Walpole.
FUSTIANIST Fus"tian*ist, n.
Defn: A writer of fustian. [R.] Milton.
FUSTIC Fus"tic, n. Etym: [F. fustoc, Sp. fustoc. Cf. Fustet.]
Defn: The wood of the Maclura tinctoria, a tree growing in the West Indies, used in dyeing yellow; -- called also old fustic. [Written also fustoc.]
Note: Other kinds of yellow wood are often called fustic; as that of species of Xanthoxylum, and especially the Rhus Cotinus, which is sometimes called young fustic to distinguish it from the Maclura. See Fustet.
FUSTIGATE Fus"ti*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. fustigare, fr. fustis stick. See 1st Fust.]
Defn: To cudgel. [R.] Bailey.
FUSTIGATION Fus"ti*ga"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fustigation.]
Defn: A punishment by beating with a stick or club; cudgeling. This satire, composed of actual fustigation. Motley.
FUSTILARIAN Fus"ti*la"ri*an, n. Etym: [From Fusty.]
Defn: A low fellow; a stinkard; a scoundrel. [Obs.] Shak.
FUSTILUG; FUSTILUGS Fus"ti*lug` (, Fus"ti*lugs`, n. Etym: [Fusty + lug someting heavy, to be drawn or carried.]
Defn: A gross, fat, unwieldy person. [Obs.] F. Junius.
FUSTINESS Fus"ti*ness, n.
Defn: A fusty state or quality; moldiness; mustiness; an ill smell from moldiness.
FUSTY Fusty, a. [Compar. Fustier; superl Fustiest.] Etym: [See 2d Fust.]
1. Moldy; musty; ill-smelling; rank. "A fusty plebeians." Shak.
2. Moping. [Archaic] A melancholy, fusty humor. Pepys.
FUSURE Fu"sure, n. Etym: [L. fusura, fr. fundere, fusum. See Fuse, v. t.]
Defn: Act of fusing; fusion. [R.]
FUTCHEL Futch"el, n.
Defn: The jaws between which the hinder end of a carriage tongue is inserted. Knight.
FUTHORC; FUTHORK Fu"thorc Fu"thork, n. [Written also futharc, futhark.]
Defn: The Runic alphabet; -- so called from the six letters f, u, þ (th), o (or a), r, c (=k).
The letters are called Runes and the alphabet bears the name Futhorc from the first six letters. I. Taylor.
The spelling futharc represents most accurately the original values of these six Runic letters.
FUTILE Fu"tile, a. Etym: [L. futilis that easily pours out, that easily lets loose, vain, worthless, from the root of fundere to pour out: cf. F. futile. See Fuse, v. t.]
1. Talkative; loquacious; tattling. [Obs.] Talkers and futile persons. Bacon.
2. Of no importance; answering no useful end; useless; vain; worthless. "Futile theories." I. Taylor. His reasoning . . . was singularly futile. Macaulay.
FUTILELY Fu"tile*ly, adv.
Defn: In a futile manner.
FUTILITY Fu"til`i*ty, n. Etym: [L. futilitas: cf. F. futilité.]
1. The quality of being talkative; talkativeness; loquaciousness; loquacity. [Obs.]
2. The quality of producing no valuable effect, or of coming to nothing; uselessness. The futility of this mode of philosophizing. Whewell.
FUTILOUS Fu"til*ous, a.
Defn: Futile; trifling. [Obs.]
FUTTOCK Fu"ttock, n. Etym: [Prob. corrupted fr. foothook.] (Naut.)
Defn: One of the crooked timbers which are scarfed together to form the lower part of the compound rib of a vessel; one of the crooked transverse timbers passing across and over the keel. Futtock plates (Naut.), plates of iron to which the dead-eyes of the topmast rigging are secured. -- Futtock shrouds, short iron shrouds leading from the upper part of the lower mast or of the main shrouds to the edge of the top, or through it, and connecting the topmast rigging with the lower mast. Totten.
FUTURABLE Fu"tur*a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being future; possible to occur. [R.] Not only to things future, but futurable. Fuller.
FUTURE Fu"ture, a. Etym: [F. futur, L. futurus, used as fut. p. of esse to be, but from the same root as E. be. See Be, v. i.]
Defn: That is to be or come hereafter; that will exist at any time after the present; as, the next moment is future, to the present. Future tense (Gram.), the tense or modification of a verb which expresses a future act or event.
FUTURE Fu"ture, n. Etym: [Cf. F. futur. See Future, a.]
1. Time to come; time subsequent to the present (as, the future shall be as the present); collectively, events that are to happen in time to come. "Lay the future open." Shak.
2. The possibilities of the future; -- used especially of prospective success or advancement; as, he had great future before him.
3. (Gram.)
Defn: A future tense. To deal in futures, to speculate on the future values of merchandise or stocks. [Brokers' cant]
FUTURELESS Fu"ture*less, a.
Defn: Without prospect of betterment in the future. W. D. Howells.
FUTURELY Fu"ture*ly, adv.
Defn: In time to come. [Obs.] Raleigh.
FUTURISM Fu"tur*ism, n. (Painting)
Defn: A movement or phase of post-impressionism (which see, below).
FUTURIST Fu"tur*ist, n.
1. One whose chief interests are in what is to come; one who anxiously, eagerly, or confidently looks forward to the future; an expectant.
2. (Theol.)
Defn: One who believes or maintains that the fulfillment of the prophecies of the Bible is to be in the future.
FUTURITIAL Fu`tu*ri"tial, a.
Defn: Relating to what is to come; pertaining to futurity; future. [R.]
FUTURITION Fu`tu*ri"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. futurition.]
Defn: The state of being future; futurity. [R.] Nothing . . . can have this imagined futurition, but as it is decreed. Coleridge.
FUTURITY Fu*tu"ri*ty, n.; pl. Futurities (.
1. State of being that is yet to come; future state.
2. Future time; time to come; the future.
3. Event to come; a future event. All futurities are naked before the All-seeing Eye. South.
FUZE Fuze, n.
Defn: A tube, filled with combustible matter, for exploding a shell, etc. See Fuse, n. Chemical fuze, a fuze in which substances separated until required for action are then brought into contact, and uniting chemically, produce explosion. -- Concussion fuze, a fuze ignited by the striking of the projectile. -- Electric fuze, a fuze which is ignited by heat or a spark produced by an electric current. -- Friction fuze, a fuze which is ignited by the heat evolved by friction. -- Percussion fuze, a fuze in which the ignition is produced by a blow on some fulminating compound. -- Time fuze, a fuze adapted, either by its length or by the character of its composition, to burn a certain time before producing an explosion.
FUZZ Fuzz, v. t.
Defn: To make drunk. [Obs.] Wood.
FUZZ Fuzz, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. fuzzy that ravels (of silk or cotton), D. voos spongy, fungous, G. faser filament. E. feaze to untwist.]
Defn: Fine, light particles or fibers; loose, volatile matter. Fuzz ball, a kind of fungus or mushroom, which, when pressed, bursts and scatters a fine dust; a puffball.
FUZZ Fuzz, v. i.
Defn: To fly off in minute particles.
FUZZLE Fuz"zle, v. t. Etym: [Cf. LG. fuseln to drink common liquor, fr. fusel bad liquor.]
Defn: To make drunk; to intoxicate; to fuddle. [Obs.] Burton.
FUZZY Fuzz"y, a. Etym: [See Fuzz, n.]
1. Not firmly woven; that ravels. [Written also fozy.] [Prov. Eng.]
2. Furnished with fuzz; having fuzz; like fuzz; as, the fuzzy skin of a peach.
-FY -fy. Etym: [Through French verbs in -fier, L. -ficare, akin to facere to do, make. See Fact.]
Defn: A suffix signifying to make, to form into, etc.; as, acetify, amplify, dandify, Frenchify, etc.
FY Fy, interj. Etym: [See Fie, interj.]
Defn: A word which expresses blame, dislike, disapprobation, abhorrence, or contempt. See Fie.
FYKE Fyke, n. Etym: [D. fuik a bow net.]
Defn: A long bag net distended by hoops, into which fish can pass easily, without being able to return; -- called also fyke net. Cozzens.
FYLLOT Fyl"lot, n. Etym: [Prov. fr. AS. fy, fierf, feówerf. See Four, and Foot, n.]
Defn: A rebated cross, formerly used as a secret emblem, and a common ornament. It is also called gammadion, and swastika.
FYRD; FYRDUNG Fyrd, Fyr"dung (, n. Etym: [AS.; akin to E. fare, v. i.] (Old. Eng. Hist.)
Defn: The military force of the whole nation, consisting of all men able to bear arms. The national fyrd or militia. J. R. Green.
FYTTE Fytte, n.
Defn: See Fit a song. [Archaic]
G
1. G is the seventh letter of the English alphabet, and a vocal consonant. It has two sounds; one simple, as in gave, go, gull; the other compound (like that of j), as in gem, gin, dingy. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 231-6, 155, 176, 178, 179, 196, 211, 246.
Note: The form of G is from the Latin, in the alphabet which it first appeared as a modified form of C. The name is also from the Latin, and probably comes to us through the French. Etymologically it is most closely related to a c hard, k y, and w; as in corn, grain, kernel; kin L. genus, Gr. garden, yard; drag, draw; also to ch and h; as in get, prehensile; guest, host (an army); gall, choler; gust, choose. See C.
2. (Mus.)
Defn: G is the name of the fifth tone of the natural or model scale; -- called also sol by the Italians and French. It was also originally used as the treble clef, and has gradually changed into the character represented in the margin. See Clef. G# (G sharp) is a tone intermediate between G and A.
GAB Gab, n. Etym: [Cf. Gaff.] (Steam Engine)
Defn: The hook on the end of an eccentric rod opposite the strap. See. Illust. of Eccentric.
GAB Gab, n. Etym: [OE. gabbe gabble, mocking, fr. Icel. gabb mocking, mockery, or OF. gab, gabe; perh. akin to E. gape, or gob. Cf. Gab, v. i., Gibber.]
Defn: The mouth; hence, idle prate; chatter; unmeaning talk; loquaciousness. [Colloq.] Gift of gab, facility of expression. [Colloq.]
GAB Gab, v. i. Etym: [OE. gabben to jest, lie, mock, deceive, fr. Icel. gabba to mock, or OF. gaber. See 2d Gab, and cf. Gabble.]
1. To deceive; to lie. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. To talk idly; to prate; to chatter. Holinshed.
GABARAGE Gab"ar*age, n.
Defn: A kind of coarse cloth for packing goods. [Obs.]
GABARDINE; GABERDINE Gab`ar*dine", Gab`er*dine" (, n. Etym: [Sp. gabardina; cf. It. gavardina, OF. galvardine, calvardine, gavardine, galeverdine; perh. akin to Sp. & OF. gaban a sort of cloak or coat for rainy weather, F. caban great coat with a hood and sleeves, It. gabbano and perh. to E. cabin.]
Defn: A coarse frock or loose upper garment formerly worn by Jews; a mean dress. Shak.
GABBER Gab"ber, n.
1. A liar; a deceiver. [Obs.]
2. One addicted to idle talk.
GABBLE Gab"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gabbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Gabbling.] Etym: [Freq. of gab. See Gab, v. i.]
1. To talk fast, or to talk without meaning; to prate; to jabber. Shak.
2. To utter inarticulate sounds with rapidity; as, gabbling fowls. Dryden.
GABBLE Gab"ble, n.
1. Loud or rapid talk without meaning. Forthwith a hideous gabble rises loud Among the builders. Milton.
2. Inarticulate sounds rapidly uttered; as of fowls.
GABBLER Gab"bler, n.
Defn: One who gabbles; a prater.
GABBRO Gab"bro, n. Etym: [It.] (Geol.)
Defn: A name originally given by the Italians to a kind of serpentine, later to the rock called euphotide, and now generally used for a coarsely crystalline, igneous rock consisting of lamellar pyroxene (diallage) and labradorite, with sometimes chrysolite (olivine gabbro).
GABEL Ga"bel, n. Etym: [F. gabelle, LL. gabella, gabulum, gablum; of uncertain origin. Cf.Gavel tribute.] (O. Eng. Law)
Defn: A rent, service, tribute, custom, tax, impost, or duty; an excise. Burrill. He enables St. Peter to pay his gabel by the ministry of a fish. Jer. Taylor.
GABELER Ga"bel*er, n. (O. Eng. Law)
Defn: A collector of gabels or taxes.
GABELLE Ga`belle", n. Etym: [F. See Gabel.]
Defn: A tax, especially on salt. [France] Brande & C.
GABELLEMAN Ga*belle"man, n.
Defn: A gabeler. Carlyle.
GABERDINE Gab`er*dine", n.
Defn: See Gabardine.
GABER-LUNZIE Gab"er-lun`zie, n. Etym: [Gael. gabair talker + lunndair idler.]
Defn: A beggar with a wallet; a licensed beggar. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
GABERT Gab"ert, n. Etym: [Cf.F.gabare, Arm. kobar, gobar.]
Defn: A lighter, or vessel for inland navigation. [Scot.] Jamieson.
GABION Ga"bi*on, n.Etym: [F., from It. gabbione a large cage, gabion, from gabbia cage, L. cavea. See Cage.]
1. (Fort.)
Defn: A hollow cylinder of wickerwork, like a basket without a bottom. Gabions are made of various sizes, and filled with earth in building fieldworks to shelter men from an enemy's fire.
2. (Hydraul. Engin.)
Defn: An openwork frame, as of poles, filled with stones and sunk, to assist in forming a bar dyke, etc., as in harbor improvement.
GABIONADE Ga`bi*on*ade", n. Etym: [F. gabionnade.]
1. (Fort.)
Defn: A traverse made with gabions between guns or on their flanks, protecting them from enfilading fire.
2. A structure of gabions sunk in lines, as a core for a sand bar in harbor improvements.
GABIONAGE Ga"bi*on*age, n. Etym: [F. gabionnage.] (Mil.)
Defn: The part of a fortification built of gabions.
GABIONED Ga"bi*oned, p. a.
Defn: Furnished with gabions.
GABIONNADE Ga`bion`nade", n.
Defn: See Gabionade.
GABLE Ga"ble, n.
Defn: A cable. [Archaic] Chapman.
GABLE Ga"ble, n. Etym: [OE. gable, gabil, F. gable, fr. LL. gabalum front of a building, prob. of German or Scand. origin; cf. OHG. gibil, G. giebel gable, Icel. gafl, Goth. gibla pinnacle; perh. akin to Gr. cephalic, or to G. gabel fork, AS. geafl, E. gaffle, L. gabalus a kind of gallows.] (Arch.) (a) The vertical triangular portion of the end of a building, from the level of the cornice or eaves to the ridge of the roof. Also, a similar end when not triangular in shape, as of a gambrel roof and the like. Hence: (b) The end wall of a building, as distinguished from the front or rear side. (c) A decorative member having the shape of a triangular gable, such as that above a Gothic arch in a doorway. Bell gable. See under Bell. -- Gable roof, a double sloping roof which forms a gable at each end. -- Gable wall. Same as Gable (b). -- Gable window, a window in a gable.
GABLET Ga"blet, n. (Arch.)
Defn: A small gable, or gable-shaped canopy, formed over a tabernacle, niche, etc.
GABLOCK Gab"lock, n. Etym: [See Gavelock.]
Defn: A false spur or gaff, fitted on the heel of a gamecock. Wright.
GABY Ga"by, n. Etym: [Icel. gapi a rash, reckless man. Cf. Gafe.]
Defn: A simpleton; a dunce; a lout. [Colloq.]
GAD Gad, n. Etym: [OE. gad, Icel. gaddr goad, sting; akin to Sw. gadd sting, Goth. gazds, G. gerte switch. See Yard a measure.]
1. The point of a spear, or an arrowhead.
2. A pointed or wedge-shaped instrument of metal, as a steel wedge used in mining, etc. I will go get a leaf of brass, And with a gad of steel will write these words. Shak.
3. A sharp-pointed rod; a goad.
4. A spike on a gauntlet; a gadling. Fairholt.
5. A wedge-shaped billet of iron or steel. [Obs.] Flemish steel . . . some in bars and some in gads. Moxon.
6. A rod or stick, as a fishing rod, a measuring rod, or a rod used to drive cattle with. [Prov. Eng. Local, U.S.] Halliwell. Bartlett. Upon the gad, upon the spur of the moment; hastily. [Obs.] "All this done upon the gad!" Shak.
GAD Gad, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gadded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gadding.] Etym: [Prob. fr. gad, n., and orig. meaning to drive about.]
Defn: To walk about; to rove or go about, without purpose; hence, to run wild; to be uncontrolled. "The gadding vine." Milton. Why gaddest thou about so much to change thy way Jer. ii. 36.
GADABOUT Gad"a*bout`, n.
Defn: A gadder [Colloq.]
GADBEE Gad"bee`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The gadfly.
GADDER Gad"der, n.
Defn: One who roves about idly, a rambling gossip.
GADDING Gad"ding, a. & n.
Defn: Going about much, needlessly or without purpose. Envy is a gadding passion, and walketh the streets. Bacon. The good nuns would check her gadding tongue. Tennyson. Gadding car, in quarrying, a car which carries a drilling machine so arranged as to drill a line of holes.
GADDINGLY Gad"ding*ly, adv.
Defn: In a roving, idle manner.
GADDISH Gad"dish, a.
Defn: Disposed to gad. -- Gad"dish*nes, n. "Gaddishness and folly." Abp. Leighton.
GADE Gade, n. Etym: [Cf. Cod the fish.] (Zoöl.) (a) A small British fish (Motella argenteola) of the Cod family. (b) A pike, so called at Moray Firth; -- called also gead. [Prov. Eng.]
GADERE; GADRE Gad"er*e, Gad"re (, v. t. & i.
Defn: To gather. [Obs.] Chaucer.
GADFLY Gad"fly`, n.; pl. Gadflies. Etym: [Gad + fly.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any dipterous insect of the genus Oestrus, and allied genera of botflies.
Note: The sheep gadfly (Oestrus ovis) deposits its young in the nostrils of sheep, and the larvæ develop in the frontal sinuses. The common species which infests cattle (Hypoderma bovis) deposits its eggs upon or in the skin where the larvæ or bots live and produce sores called wormels. The gadflies of the horse produce the intestinal parasites called bots. See Botfly, and Bots. The true horseflies are often erroneously called gadflies, and the true gadflies are sometimes incorrectly called breeze flies. Gadfly petrel (Zoöl.), one of several small petrels of the genus Oestrelata.
GADHELIC Gadhel"ic (gal"îk), a. Etym: [See Gaelic.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to that division of the Celtic languages, which includes the Irish, Gaelic, and Manx. J. Peile.
GADIC Gad"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, the cod (Gadus); -- applied to an acid obtained from cod-liver oil, viz., gadic acid.
GADITANIAN Gad`i*ta`ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Gaditanus, fr. Gades Cadiz.]
Defn: Of or relating to Cadiz, in Spain. -- n.
Defn: A native or inhabitant of Cadiz.
GADLING Gad"ling, n. Etym: [Gad, n. + -ling.] (Mediæval Armor) [R.]
Defn: See Gad, n., 4.
GADLING Gad"ling, a. Etym: [See Gad, v. i.]
Defn: Gadding about. [Obs.]
GADLING Gad"ling, n.
Defn: A roving vagabond. [Obs.] Rom. of R.
GADMAN Gadman, n.
Defn: A gadsman.
GADOID Ga"doid, a. Etym: [NL. gadus cod + -oid: cf. F. gadoïde gadoid, Gr. gade.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the family of fishes (Gadidæ) which includes the cod, haddock, and hake. -- n.
Defn: One of the Gadidæ. [Written also gadid.]
GADOLINIA Gad`o*lin"i*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Gadolinite.] (Chem.)
Defn: A rare earth, regarded by some as an oxide of the supposed element gadolinium, by others as only a mixture of the oxides of yttrium, erbium, ytterbium, etc.
GADOLINIC Gad`o*lin"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to or containing gadolinium.
GADOLINITE Gad"o*lin*ite, n. Etym: [Named after Gadolin, a Russian chemist.] (Min.)
Defn: A mineral of a nearly black color and vitreous luster, and consisting principally of the silicates of yttrium, cerium, and iron.
GADOLINIUM Gad`o*lin"i*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Gadolinite.] (Chem.)
Defn: A supposed rare metallic element, with a characteristic spectrum, found associated with yttrium and other rare metals. Its individuality and properties have not yet been determined.
GADSMAN Gads"man, n.
Defn: One who uses a gad or goad in driving.
GADUIN Gad"u*in, n.Etym: [NL. gadus codfish.] (Chem.)
Defn: A yellow or brown amorphous substance, of indifferent nature, found in cod-liver oil.
GADWALL Gad"wall, n. Etym: [Gad to walk about + well.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A large duck (Anas strepera), valued as a game bird, found in the northern parts of Europe and America; -- called also gray duck. [Written also gaddwell.]
GAEKWAR Gaek"war, n. [Also Gaikwar, Guicowar.] [Marathi gaekwar, prop., a cowherd.]
Defn: The title of the ruling Prince of Baroda, in Gujarat, in Bombay, India.
GAEL Gael, n.sing. & pl. Etym: [See Gaelic.] (Ethnol.)
Defn: A Celt or the Celts of the Scotch Highlands or of Ireland; now esp., a Scotch Highlander of Celtic origin.
GAELIC Gael"ic, a. Etym: [Gael. Gàidhealach, Gaelach, from Gàidheal, Gael, a Scotch Highlander.] (Ethnol.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Gael, esp. to the Celtic Highlanders of Scotland; as, the Gaelic language.
GAELIC Gael"ic, n. Etym: [Gael. Gaelig, Gàilig.]
Defn: The language of the Gaels, esp. of the Highlanders of Scotland. It is a branch of the Celtic.
GAFF Gaff, n. Etym: [OE. gaffe, F. gaffe an iron hook with which seamen pull great fishes into their ships; cf. Ir. gaf, gafa hook; perh. akin to G. gabel fork, Skr. gabhasti. CF. Gaffle, Gable.]
1. A barbed spear or a hook with a handle, used by fishermen in securing heavy fish.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: The spar upon which the upper edge of a fore-and-aft sail is extended.
3. Same as Gaffle, 1. Wright.
GAFF Gaff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gaffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gaffing.]
Defn: To strike with a gaff or barbed spear; to secure by means of a gaff; as, to gaff a salmon.
GAFFER Gaf"fer, n. Etym: [Possibly contr. fr. godfather; but prob. fr. gramfer for grandfather. Cf. Gammer.]
1. An old fellow; an aged rustic. Go to each gaffer and each goody. Fawkes.
Note: Gaffer was originally a respectful title, now degenerated into a term of familiarity or contempt when addressed to an aged man in humble life.
2. A foreman or overseer of a gang of laborers. [Prov. Eng.]
GAFFLE Gaf"fle, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. geafl fork, LG., D., Sw., & Dan. gaffel, G. gabel, W. gafl, Ir. & Gael. gabhal. Cf. Gaff.]
1. An artificial spur or gaff for gamecocks.
2. A lever to bend crossbows.
GAFF-TOPSAIL Gaff`-top"sail, n. (Naut.)
Defn: A small triangular sail having its foot extended upon the gaff and its luff upon the topmast.
GAG Gag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gagged; p. pr. & vb. n. Gagging.] Etym: [Prob. fr. W. cegio to choke or strangle, fr. ceg mouth, opening, entrance.]
1. To stop the mouth of, by thrusting sometimes in, so as to hinder speaking; hence, to silence by authority or by violence; not to allow freedom of speech to. Marvell. The time was not yet come when eloquence was to be gagged, and reason to be hood winked. Maccaulay.
2. To pry or hold open by means of a gag. Mouths gagged to such a wideness. Fortescue (Transl. ).
3. To cause to heave with nausea.
GAG Gag, v. i.
1. To heave with nausea; to retch.
2. To introduce gags or interpolations. See Gag, n., 3. [Slang] Cornill Mag.
GAG Gag, n.
1. Sometimes thrust into the mouth or throat to hinder speaking.
2. A mouthful that makes one retch; a choking bit; as, a gag of mutton fat. Lamb.
3. A speech or phrase interpolated offhand by an actor on the stage in his part as written, usually consisting of some seasonable or local allusion. [Slang] Gag rein (Harness), a rein for drawing the bit upward in the horse's mouth. -- Gag runner (Harness), a loop on the throat latch guiding the gag rein.
GAGATE Gag"ate (; 48), n. Etym: [L. gagates. See Jet a black mineral.]
Defn: Agate. [Obs.] Fuller.
GAGE Gage, n. Etym: [F. gage, LL. gadium, wadium; of German origin; cf. Goth. wadi, OHG. wetti, weti, akin to E. wed. See Wed, and cf. Wage, n.]
1. A pledge or pawn; something laid down or given as a security for the performance of some act by the person depositing it, and forfeited by nonperformance; security. Nor without gages to the needy lend. Sandys.
2. A glove, cap, or the like, cast on the ground as a challenge to combat, and to be taken up by the accepter of the challenge; a challenge; a defiance. "There I throw my gage." Shak.
GAGE Gage, n. Etym: [So called because an English family named Gage imported the greengage from France, in the last century.]
Defn: A variety of plum; as, the greengage; also, the blue gage, frost gage, golden gage, etc., having more or less likeness to the greengage. See Greengage.
GAGE Gage, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gaged; p. pr & vb. n. Gaging.] Etym: [Cf. F. gager. See Gage, n., a pledge.]
1. To give or deposit as a pledge or security for some act; to wage or wager; to pawn or pledge. [Obs.] A moiety competent Was gaged by our king. Shak.
2. To bind by pledge, or security; to engage. Great debts Wherein my time, sometimes too prodigal, Hath left me gaged. Shak.
GAGE Gage, n.
Defn: A measure or standart. See Gauge, n.
GAGE Gage, v. t.
Defn: To measure. See Gauge, v. t. You shall not gage me By what we do to-night. Shak.
GAGER Ga"ger, n.
Defn: A measurer. See Gauger.
GAGGER Gag"ger, n.
1. One who gags.
2. (Founding)
Defn: A piece of iron imbedded in the sand of a mold to keep the sand in place.
GAGGLE Gag"gle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gaggled; p. pr. & vb. n. Gaggling.] Etym: [Of imitative origin; cf. D. gaggelen, gagelen, G. gackeln, gackern, MHG. g, E. giggle, cackle.]
Defn: To make a noise like a goose; to cackle. Bacon.
GAGGLE Gag"gle, n. Etym: [Cf. Gaggle v. i.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A flock of wild geese. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
GAG LAW Gag law. (Parliamentary Law)
Defn: A law or ruling prohibiting proper or free debate, as in closure. [Colloq. or Cant]
GAGTOOTH Gag"tooth`, n.; pl. Gagteeth (.
Defn: A projecting tooth. [Obs.]
GAG-TOOTHED Gag"-toothed", a.
Defn: Having gagteeth. [Obs.]
GAHNITE Gahn"ite, n. Etym: [Named after Gahn, a Swedish chemist.] (Min.)
Defn: Zinc spinel; automolite.
GAIDIC Ga*id"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to hypogeic acid; -- applied to an acid obtained from hypogeic acid.
GAIETY Gai"e*ty, n.
Defn: Same as Gayety.
GAILER Gail"er, n.
Defn: A jailer. [Obs.] Chaucer.
GAILLARD Gail`lard", a. Etym: [F. See Galliard.]
Defn: Gay; brisk; merry; galliard. Chaucer.
GAILLIARDE Gail*liarde", n. Etym: [See Galliard a dance.]
Defn: A lively French and Italian dance.
GAILY Gai"ly, adv. Etym: [From Gay.]
Defn: Merrily; showily. See gaily.
GAIN Gain, n. Etym: [Cf. W. gan a mortise.] (Arch.)
Defn: A square or beveled notch cut out of a girder, binding joist, or other timber which supports a floor beam, so as to receive the end of the floor beam.
GAIN Gain, a. Etym: [OE. gein, gain, good, near, quick; cf. Icel. gegn ready, serviceable, and gegn, adv., against, opposite. CF. Ahain.]
Defn: Convenient; suitable; direct; near; handy; dexterous; easy; profitable; cheap; respectable. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
GAIN Gain, n. Etym: [OE. gain, gein, ga, gain, advantage, Icel. gagn; akin to Sw. gagn, Dan. gavn, cf. Goth. gageigan to gain. The word was prob. influenced by F. gain gain, OF. gaain. Cf. Gain, v. t.]
1. That which is gained, obtained, or acquired, as increase, profit, advantage, or benefit; -- opposed to loss. But what things were gain to me, those I counted loss for Christ. Phil. iii. 7. Godliness with contentment is great gain. 1 Tim. vi. 6. Every one shall share in the gains. Shak.
2. The obtaining or amassing of profit or valuable possessions; acquisition; accumulation. "The lust of gain." Tennyson.
GAIN Gain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gained; p. pr. & vb. n. Gaining.] Etym: [From gain, n. but. prob. influenced by F. gagner to earn, gain, OF. gaaignier to cultivate, OHG. weidin, weidinen to pasture, hunt, fr. weida pasturage, G. weide, akin to Icel. vei hunting, AS. wa, cf. L. venari to hunt, E. venison. See Gain, n., profit.]
1. To get, as profit or advantage; to obtain or acquire by effort or labor; as, to gain a good living. What is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul Matt. xvi. 26. To gain dominion, or to keep it gained. Milton. For fame with toil we gain, but lose with ease. Pope.
2. To come off winner or victor in; to be successful in; to obtain by competition; as, to gain a battle; to gain a case at law; to gain a prize.
3. To draw into any interest or party; to win to one's side; to conciliate. If he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. Matt. xviii. 15. To gratify the queen, and gained the court. Dryden.
4. To reach; to attain to; to arrive at; as, to gain the top of a mountain; to gain a good harbor. Forded Usk and gained the wood. Tennyson.
5. To get, incur, or receive, as loss, harm, or damage. [Obs. or Ironical] Ye should . . . not have loosed from Crete, and to have gained this harm and loss. Acts xxvii. 21. Gained day, the calendar day gained in sailing eastward around the earth. -- To gain ground, to make progress; to advance in any undertaking; to prevail; to acquire strength or extent. -- To gain over, to draw to one's party or interest; to win over. -- To gain the wind (Naut.), to reach the windward side of another ship.
Syn. -- To obtain; acquire; get; procure; win; earn; attain; achieve. See Obtain. -- To Gain, Win. Gain implies only that we get something by exertion; win, that we do it in competition with others. A person gains knowledge, or gains a prize, simply by striving for it; he wins a victory, or wins a prize, by taking it in a struggle with others.
GAIN Gain, v. i.
Defn: To have or receive advantage or profit; to acquire gain; to grow rich; to advance in interest, health, or happiness; to make progress; as, the sick man gains daily. Thou hast greedily gained of thy neighbors by extortion. Ezek. xxii. 12. Gaining twist, in rifled firearms, a twist of the grooves, which increases regularly from the breech to the muzzle. To gain on or upon. (a) To encroach on; as, the ocean gains on the land. (b) To obtain influence with. (c) To win ground upon; to move faster than, as in a race or contest. (d) To get the better of; to have the advantage of. The English have not only gained upon the Venetians in the Levant, but have their cloth in Venice itself. Addison. My good behavior had so far gained on the emperor, that I began to conceive hopes of liberty. Swift.
GAINABLE Gain"a*ble, a. Etym: [CF. F. gagnable. See Gain, v. t.]
Defn: Capable of being obtained or reached. Sherwood.
GAINAGE Gain"age (, 48), n. Etym: [OF. gaignage pasturage, crop, F. gaignage pasturage. See Gain, v. t.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) The horses, oxen, plows, wains or wagons and implements for carrying on tillage. (b) The profit made by tillage; also, the land itself. Bouvier.
GAINER Gain"er, n.
Defn: One who gains. Shak.
GAINFUL Gain"ful, a.
Defn: Profitable; advantageous; lucrative. "A gainful speculation." Macaulay. -- Gain"ful*ly, adv. -- Gain"ful*ness, n.
GAINGIVING Gain"giv`ing, n. Etym: [See Again, and Give.]
Defn: A misgiving. [Obs.]
GAINLESS Gain"less, a.
Defn: Not producing gain; unprofitable. Hammond. -- Gain"less/ness, n.
GAINLY Gain"ly, adv. Etym: [See Gain, a.]
Defn: Handily; readily; dexterously; advantageously. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
GAINPAIN Gain"pain`, n.Etym: [F. gagner to gain + pain bread.]
Defn: Bread-gainer; -- a term applied in the Middle Ages to the sword of a hired soldier.
GAINSAY Gain`say" ( or ; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gainsaid ( or ); p. pr. & vb. n. Gainsaying.] Etym: [OE. geinseien, ageinseien. See Again, and Say to utter.]
Defn: To contradict; to deny; to controvert; to dispute; to forbid. I will give you a mouth and wisdom which all your adversaries shall not be able to gainsay nor resist. Luke xxi. 15. The just gods gainsay That any drop thou borrow'dst from thy mother, My sacred aunt, should by my mortal sword Be drained. Shak.
GAINSAYER Gain`say"er, n.
Defn: One who gainsays, contradicts, or denies. "To convince the gainsayers." Tit. i. 9.
GAINSBOROUGH HAT Gains"borough hat.
Defn: A woman's broad-brimmed hat of a form thought to resemble those shown in portraits by Thomas Gainsborough, the English artist (1727- 88).
GAINSOME Gain"some, a.
1. Gainful.
2. Prepossessing; well-favored. [Obs.] Massinger.
'GAINST; GAINST Gainst, prep.
Defn: A contraction of Against.
GAINSTAND Gain"stand`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gainstood; p. pr. & vb. n. gainstanding.] Etym: [See Again, and Stand.]
Defn: To withstand; to resist. [Obs.] Durst . . . gainstand the force of so many enraged desires. Sir P. Sidney.
GAINSTRIVE Gain"strive`, v. t. & i. Etym: [See Again, and Strive.]
Defn: To strive or struggle against; to withstand. [Obs.] Spenser.
GAIRFOWL Gair"fowl`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Garefowl.
GAIRISH; GAIRISHLY; GAIRISHNESS Gair"ish, a., Gair"ish*ly, adv., Gair"ishness, n.
Defn: Same as Garish, Garishly, Garishness.
GAIT Gait, n. Etym: [See Gate a way.]
1. A going; a walk; a march; a way. Good gentleman, go your gait, and let poor folks pass. Shak.
2. Manner of walking or stepping; bearing or carriage while moving. 'T is Cinna; I do know him by his gait. Shak.
GAITED Gait"ed, a.
Defn: Having (such) a gait; -- used in composition; as, slow-gaited; heavy-gaited.
GAITER Gait"er, n. Etym: [F. guêtre, cf. Armor. gweltren; or perh. of German origin, and akin to E. wear, v.]
1. A covering of cloth or leather for the ankle and instep, or for the whole leg from the knee to the instep, fitting down upon the shoe.
2. A kind of shoe, consisting of cloth, and covering the ankle.
GAITER Gai"ter, v. t.
Defn: To dress with gaiters.
GAITRE; GAYTRE Gai"tre, Gay"tre (, n. Etym: [OE. Cf. Gatten tree.]
Defn: The dogwood tree. [Obs.] Chaucer.
GALA Ga"la, n. Etym: [F. gala show, pomp, fr. It. gala finery, gala; of German origin. See Gallant.]
Defn: Pomp, show, or festivity. Macaulay. Gala day, a day of mirth and festivity; a holiday.
GALACTA-GOGUE Ga*lac"ta-gogue, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)
Defn: An agent exciting secretion of milk.
GALACTIC Ga*lac"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. Galaxy, and cf. Lactic.]
1. Of or pertaining to milk; got from milk; as, galactic acid.
2. Of or pertaining to the galaxy or Milky Way. Galactic circle (Astron.), the great circle of the heavens, to which the course of the galaxy most nearly conforms. Herschel. -- Galactic poles, the poles of the galactic circle.
GALACTIN Ga*lac"tin, n. Etym: [Gr. Lactin.] (Chem.) (a) An amorphous, gelatinous substance containing nitrogen, found in milk and other animal fluids. It resembles peptone, and is variously regarded as a coagulating or emulsifying agent. (b) A white waxy substance found in the sap of the South American cow tree (Galactodendron). (c) An amorphous, gummy carbohydrate resembling gelose, found in the seeds of leguminous plants, and yielding on decomposition several sugars, including galactose.
GALACTODENSIMETER Ga*lac`to*den*sim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. densimeter.]
Defn: Same as Galactometer.
GALACTOMETER Gal`ac*tom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. galactomètre. Cf. Lactometer.]
Defn: An instrument for ascertaining the quality of milk (i.e., its richness in cream) by determining its specific gravity; a lactometer.
GALACTOPHAGIST Gal`ac*toph"a*gist, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: One who eats, or subsists on, milk.
GALACTOPHAGOUS Gal`ac*toph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr. galactophade.]
Defn: Feeding on milk.
GALACTOPHOROUS Gal`ac*toph"o*rous, a. Etym: [Gr. galactophore. Cf. Lactiferous.] (Anat.)
Defn: Milk-carrying; lactiferous; -- applied to the ducts of mammary glands.
GALACTOPOIETIC Ga*lac`to*poi*et"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)
Defn: Increasing the flow of milk; milk-producing. -- n. A galactopoietic substance.
GALACTOSE Ga*lac"tose, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A white, crystalline sugar, C6H12O6, isomeric with dextrose, obtained by the decomposition of milk sugar, and also from certain gums. When oxidized it forms mucic acid. Called also lactose (though it is not lactose proper).
GALAGE Ga*lage", n. (Obs.)
Defn: See Galoche. Spenser.
GALAGO Ga*la"go, n.; pl. Galagos. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of African lemurs, including numerous species.
Note: The grand galago (Galago crassicaudata) is about the size of a cat; the mouse galago (G. murinus)is about the size of a mouse.
GALANGA; GALANGAL Ga*lan"ga, Ga*lan"gal, n.Etym: [OE. galingale, OF. galingal, garingal, F. galanga (cf. Sp. galanga), prob. fr. Ar. khalanj. ]
Defn: The pungent aromatic rhizome or tuber of certain East Indian or Chinese species of Alpinia (A. Galanga and A. officinarum) and of the Kæmpferia Galanga), -- all of the Ginger family.
GALANTINE Gal"an*tine ( or ), n. Etym: [F. galantine.]
Defn: A dish of veal, chickens, or other white meat, freed from bones, tied up, boiled, and served cold. Smart.
GALAPEE TREE Gal"a*pee` tree", (Bot.)
Defn: The West Indian Sciadophyllum Brownei, a tree with very large digitate leaves.
GALATEA Gal`a*te"a, n. [After Galatea, a British man-of-war, the material being used for children's sailor suits.]
Defn: A kind of striped cotton fabric, usually of superior quality and striped with blue or red on white.
GALATIAN Ga*la"tian, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Galatia or its inhabitants. -- A native or inhabitant of Galatia, in Asia Minor; a descendant of the Gauls who settled in Asia Minor.
GALAXY Gal"ax*y, n.; pl. Galaxies. Etym: [F. galaxie, L. galaxias, fr. Gr. lac. CF. Lacteal.]
1. (Astron.)
Defn: The Milky Way; that luminous tract, or belt, which is seen at night stretching across the heavens, and which is composed of innumerable stars, so distant and blended as to be distinguishable only with the telescope. The term has recently been used for remote clusters of stars. Nichol.
2. A splendid assemblage of persons or things.
GALBAN; GALBANUM Gal"ban, Gal"ba*num, n. Etym: [L. galbanum, Gr. klekb'n: cf. F. galbanum.]
Defn: A gum resin exuding from the stems of certain Asiatic umbelliferous plants, mostly species of Ferula. The Bubon Galbanum of South Africa furnishes an inferior kind of galbanum. It has an acrid, bitter taste, a strong, unpleasant smell, and is used for medical purposes, also in the arts, as in the manufacture of varnish.
GALBE Galbe, n. [F.; OF. garbe, fr. It. garbo grace, gracefulness. See Garb dress.] (Art)
Defn: The general outward form of any solid object, as of a column or a vase.
GALE Gale, n. Etym: [Prob. of Scand.. origin; cf. Dan. gal furious, Icel. galinn, cf. Icel. gala to sing, AS. galan to sing, Icel. galdr song, witchcraft, AS. galdor charm, sorcery, E. nightingale; also, Icel. gjla gust of wind, gola breeze. Cf. Yell.]
1. A strong current of air; a wind between a stiff breeze and a hurricane. The most violent gales are called tempests.
Note: Gales have a velocity of from about eighteen ("moderate") to about eighty ("very heavy") miles an our. Sir. W. S. Harris.
2. A moderate current of air; a breeze. A little gale will soon disperse that cloud. Shak. And winds of gentlest gale Arabian odors fanned From their soft wings. Milton.
3. A state of excitement, passion, or hilarity. The ladies, laughing heartily, were fast getting into what, in New England, is sometimes called a gale. Brooke (Eastford). Topgallant gale (Naut.), one in which a ship may carry her topgallant sails.
GALE Gale, v. i. (Naut.)
Defn: To sale, or sail fast.
GALE Gale, n Etym: [OE. gal. See Gale wind.]
Defn: A song or story. [Obs.] Toone.
GALE Gale, v. i. Etym: [AS. galan. See 1st Gale.]
Defn: To sing. [Obs.] "Can he cry and gale." Court of Love.
GALE Gale, n Etym: [AS. gagel, akin to D. gagel.] (Bot.)
Defn: A plant of the genus Myrica, growing in wet places, and strongly resembling the bayberry. The sweet gale (Myrica Gale) is found both in Europe and in America.
GALE Gale, n. Etym: [Cf. Gabel.]
Defn: The payment of a rent or annuity. [Eng.] Mozley & W. Gale day, the day on which rent or interest is due.
GALEA Ga"le*a, n.Etym: [L., a helmet. ]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: The upper lip or helmet-shaped part of a labiate flower.
2. (Surg.)
Defn: A kind of bandage for the head.
3. (Pathol.)
Defn: Headache extending all over the head.
4. (Paleon.)
Defn: A genus of fossil echini, having a vaulted, helmet-shaped shell.
5. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The anterior, outer process of the second joint of the maxillae in certain insects.
GALEAS Gal"e*as, n.
Defn: See Galleass.
GALEATE; GALEATED Ga"le*ate, Ga"le*a`ted, a. Etym: [L. galeatus, p.p. of galeare helmet.]
1. Wearing a helmet; protected by a helmet; covered, as with a helmet.
2. (Biol.)
Defn: Helmeted; having a helmetlike part, as a crest, a flower, etc.; helmet-shaped.
GALEI Ga"le*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Galeus, name of one genus, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: That division of elasmobranch fishes which includes the sharks.
GALENA Ga*le"na, n.Etym: [L. galena lead ore, dross that remains after melting lead: cf. F. galène sulphide of lead ore, antidote to prison, stillness of the sea, calm, tranquility.]
1. (Med.)
Defn: A remedy or antidose for poison; theriaca. [Obs.] Parr.
2. (Min.)
Defn: Lead sulphide; the principal ore of lead. It is of a bluish gray color and metallic luster, and is cubic in crystallization and cleavage. False galena. See Blende.
GALENIC; GALENICAL Ga*len"ic, Ga*len"ic*al (, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, galena.
GALENIC; GALENICAL Ga*len"ic, Ga*len"ic*al, an. Etym: [From Galen, the physician.]
Defn: Relating to Galen or to his principles and method of treating diseases. Dunglison. Galenic pharmacy, that branch of pharmacy which relates to the preparation of medicines by infusion, decoction, etc., as distinguished from those which are chemically prepared.
GALENISM Ga"len*ism, n.
Defn: The doctrines of Galen.
GALENIST Ga*len*ist, n.
Defn: A follower of Galen.
GALENITE Ga*le"nite, n. (Min.)
Defn: Galena; lead ore.
GALEOPITHECUS Ga`le`o*pi*the"cus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of flying Insectivora, formerly called flying lemurs. See Colugo.
GALERICULATE Gal`er*ic"u*late, a. Etym: [L. galericulum, dim. of galerum a hat or cap, fr. galea helmet.]
Defn: Covered as with a hat or cap. Smart.
GALERITE Gal"er*ite, n. Etym: [L. galerum a hat, cap: cf. F. galérite.] (Paleon.)
Defn: A cretaceous fossil sea urchin of the genus Galerites.
GALICIAN Ga*li"cian, a. Etym: [Cf. Sp. Galiciano, Gallego, fr. L. Gallaecus, Gallaicus, fr. Gallaeci a people in Western Spain.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to Galicia, in Spain, or to Galicia, the kingdom of Austrian Poland. -- n.
Defn: A native of Galicia in Spain; -- called also Gallegan.
GALILEAN Gal`i*le"an, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Galileo; as, the Galilean telescope. See Telescope.
GALILEAN Gal`i*le"an, a. Etym: [L. Galilaeus, fr. Galilaea Galilee, Gr. galiléen.]
Defn: Of or relating to Galilee.
GALILEAN Gal`i*le"an, n.
1. A native or inhabitant of Galilee, the northern province of Palestine under the Romans.
2. (Jewish Hist.)
Defn: One of the party among the Jews, who opposed the payment of tribute to the Romans; -- called also Gaulonite.
3. A Christian in general; -- used as a term of reproach by Mohammedans and Pagans. Byron.
GALILEE Gal"i*lee, n. Etym: [Supposed to have been so termed in allusion to the scriptural "Galilee of the Gentiles." cf. OF. galilée.] (Arch.)
Defn: A porch or waiting room, usually at the west end of an abbey church, where the monks collected on returning from processions, where bodies were laid previous to interment, and where women were allowed to see the monks to whom they were related, or to hear divine service. Also, frequently applied to the porch of a church, as at Ely and Durham cathedrals. Gwilt.
GALIMATIAS Gal`i*ma"tias, n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: Nonsense; gibberish; confused and unmeaning talk; confused mixture. Her dress, like her talk, is a galimatias of several countries. Walpole.
GALINGALE Gal"in*gale, n. Etym: [See Galangal.] (Bot.)
Defn: A plant of the Sedge family (Cyperus longus) having aromatic roots; also, any plant of the same genus. Chaucer. Meadow, set with slender galingale. Tennyson.
GALIOT Gal"i*ot, n. Etym: [OE. galiote, F. galiote. See Galley.] (Naut.) (a) A small galley, formerly used in the Mediterranean, built mainly for speed. It was moved both by sails and oars, having one mast, and sixteen or twenty seats for rowers. (b) A strong, light-draft, Dutch merchant vessel, carrying a mainmast and a mizzenmast, and a large gaff mainsail.
GALIPOT Gal"i*pot, n. Etym: [F. galipot; cf. OF. garipot the wild pine or pitch tree.]
Defn: An impure resin of turpentine, hardened on the outside of pine trees by the spontaneous evaporation of its essential oil. When purified, it is called yellow pitch, white pitch, or Burgundy pitch.
GALL Gall, n.Etym: [OE. galle, gal, AS. gealla; akin to D. gal, OS. & OHG. galla, Icel. gall, SW. galla, Dan. galde, L. fel, Gr. yellow. Yellow, and cf. Choler]
1. (Physiol.)
Defn: The bitter, alkaline, viscid fluid found in the gall bladder, beneath the liver. It consists of the secretion of the liver, or bile, mixed with that of the mucous membrane of the gall bladder.
2. The gall bladder.
3. Anything extremely bitter; bitterness; rancor. He hath . . . compassed me with gall and travail. Lam. iii. 5. Comedy diverted without gall. Dryden.
4. Impudence; brazen assurance. [Slang] Gall bladder (Anat.), the membranous sac, in which the bile, or gall, is stored up, as secreted by the liver; the cholecystis. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus. -- Gall duct, a duct which conveys bile, as the cystic duct, or the hepatic duct. -- Gall sickness, a remitting bilious fever in the Netherlands. Dunglison. -- Gall of the earth (Bot.), an herbaceous composite plant with variously lobed and cleft leaves, usually the Prenanthes serpentaria.
GALL Gall, n. Etym: [F. galle, noix de galle, fr. L. galla.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: An excrescence of any form produced on any part of a plant by insects or their larvae. They are most commonly caused by small Hymenoptera and Diptera which puncture the bark and lay their eggs in the wounds. The larvae live within the galls. Some galls are due to aphids, mites, etc. See Gallnut.
Note: The galls, or gallnuts, of commerce are produced by insects of the genus Cynips, chiefly on an oak (Quercus infectoria or Lusitanica) of Western Asia and Southern Europe. They contain much tannin, and are used in the manufacture of that article and for making ink and a black dye, as well as in medicine. Gall insect (Zoöl.), any insect that produces galls. -- Gall midge (Zoöl.), any small dipterous insect that produces galls. -- Gall oak, the oak (Quercus infectoria) which yields the galls of commerce. -- Gall of glass, the neutral salt skimmed off from the surface of melted crown glass;- called also glass gall and sandiver. Ure.-- Gall wasp. (Zoöl.) See Gallfly.
GALL Gall, v. t. (Dyeing)
Defn: To impregnate with a decoction of gallnuts. Ure.
GALL Gall, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Galled; p. pr. & vb. n. Galling.] Etym: [OE. gallen; cf. F. galer to scratch, rub, gale scurf, scab, G. galle a disease in horses' feet, an excrescence under the tongue of horses; of uncertain origin. Cf. Gall gallnut.]
1. To fret and wear away by friction; to hurt or break the skin of by rubbing; to chafe; to injure the surface of by attrition; as, a saddle galls the back of a horse; to gall a mast or a cable. I am loth to gall a new-healed wound. Shak.
2. To fret; to vex; as, to be galled by sarcasm. They that are most galled with my folly, They most must laugh. Shak.
3. To injure; to harass; to annoy; as, the troops were galled by the shot of the enemy. In our wars against the French of old, we used to gall them with our longbows, at a greater distance than they could shoot their arrows. Addison.
GALL Gall, v. i.
Defn: To scoff; to jeer. [R.] Shak.
GALL Gall, n.
Defn: A wound in the skin made by rubbing.
GALLANT Gal"lant, a. Etym: [F. gallant, prop. p. pr. of OF. galer to rejoice, akin to OF. gale amusement, It. gala ornament; of German origin; cf. OHG. geil merry, luxuriant, wanton, G. geil lascivious, akin to AS. g wanton, wicked, OS. g merry, Goth. gailjan to make to rejoice, or perh. akin to E. weal. See Gala, Galloon.]
1. Showy; splendid; magnificent; gay; well-dressed. The town is built in a very gallant place. Evelyn. Our royal, good and gallant ship. Shak.
2. Noble in bearing or spirit; brave; high-spirited; courageous; heroic; magnanimous; as, a gallant youth; a gallant officer. That gallant spirit hath aspired the clouds. Shak. The gay, the wise, the gallant, and the grave. Waller.
Syn. -- Gallant, Courageous, Brave. Courageous is generic, denoting an inward spirit which rises above fear; brave is more outward, marking a spirit which braves or defies danger; gallant rises still higher, denoting bravery on extraordinary occasions in a spirit of adventure. A courageous man is ready for battle; a brave man courts it; a gallant man dashes into the midst of the conflict.
GALLANT Gal*lant", a.
Defn: Polite and attentive to ladies; courteous to women; chivalrous.
GALLANT Gal*lant", n.
1. A man of mettle or spirit; a gay; fashionable man; a young blood. Shak.
2. One fond of paying attention to ladies.
3. One who wooes; a lover; a suitor; in a bad sense, a seducer. Addison.
Note: In the first sense it is by some orthoëpists (as in Shakespeare) accented on the first syllable.
GALLANT Gal*lant", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gallanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gallanting.]
1. To attend or wait on, as a lady; as, to gallant ladies to the play.
2. To handle with grace or in a modish manner; as, to gallant a fan. [Obs.] Addison.
GALLANTLY Gal*lant"ly, adv.
Defn: In a polite or courtly manner; like a gallant or wooer.
GALLANTLY Gal"lant*ly, adv.
Defn: In a gallant manner.
GALLANTNESS Gal"lant*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being gallant.
GALLANTRY Gal"lant*ry, n.; pl. Gallantries. Etym: [F. galanterie.]
1. Splendor of appearance; ostentatious finery. [Archaic] Guess the gallantry of our church by this . . . when the desk whereon the priest read was inlaid with plates of silver. Fuller.
2. Bravery; intrepidity; as, the troops behaved with great gallantry.
3. Civility or polite attention to ladies; in a bed sense, attention or courtesy designed to win criminal favors from a female; freedom of principle or practice with respect to female virtue; intrigue.
4. Gallant persons, collectively. [R.] Helenus, Antenor, and all the gallantry of Troy. Shak.
Syn. -- See Courage, and Heroism.
GALLATE Gal"late, n. Etym: [Cf. F. gallate. See Gall gallnut.] (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of gallic acid.
GALLATURE Gal"la*ture, n. Etym: [From L. gallus a cock.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The tread, treadle, or chalasa of an egg.
GALLEASS Gal"le*ass, n. Etym: [F. galéasse, galéace; cf. It. galeazza, Sp. galeaza; LL. galea a galley. See Galley.] (Naut.)
Defn: A large galley, having some features of the galleon, as broadside guns; esp., such a vessel used by the southern nations of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. See Galleon, and Galley. [Written variously galeas, gallias, etc.]
Note: "The galleasses . . . were a third larger than the ordinary galley, and rowed each by three hundred galley slaves. They consisted of an enormous towering structure at the stern, a castellated structure almost equally massive in front, with seats for the rowers amidships." Motley.
GALLEGAN; GALLEGO Gal*le"gan, Gal*le"go ( or ), n. Etym: [Sp. Gallego.]
Defn: A native or inhabitant of Galicia, in Spain; a Galician.
GALLEIN Gal"le*ïn, n. Etym: [Pyrogallol + phthaleïn.] (Chem.)
Defn: A red crystalline dyestuff, obtained by heating together pyrogallic and phthalic acids.
GALLEON Gal"le*on, n. Etym: [Sp. galeon, cf. F. galion; fr. LL. galeo, galio. See Galley.] (Naut.)
Defn: A sailing vessel of the 15th and following centuries, often having three or four decks, and used for war or commerce. The term is often rather indiscriminately applied to any large sailing vessel. The gallens . . . were huge, round-stemmed, clumsy vessels, with bulwarks three or four feet thick, and built up at stem and stern, like castels. Motley.
GALLEOT Gal"le*ot, n. (Naut.)
Defn: See Galiot.
GALLERY Gal"ler*y, n.; pl Galleries. Etym: [F. galerie, It. galleria, fr. LL. galeria gallery, perh. orig., a festal hall, banquetting hall; cf. OF. galerie a rejoicing, fr. galer to rejoice. Cf. Gallant, a.]
1. A long and narrow corridor, or place for walking; a connecting passageway, as between one room and another; also, a long hole or passage excavated by a boring or burrowing animal.
2. A room for the exhibition of works of art; as, a picture gallery; hence, also, a large or important collection of paintings, sculptures, etc.
3. A long and narrow platform attached to one or more sides of public hall or the interior of a church, and supported by brackets or columns; -- sometimes intended to be occupied by musicians or spectators, sometimes designed merely to increase the capacity of the hall.
4. (Naut.)
Defn: A frame, like a balcony, projecting from the stern or quarter of a ship, and hence called stern galery or quarter gallry, -- seldom found in vessels built since 1850.
5. (Fort.)
Defn: Any communication which is covered overhead as well as at the sides. When prepared for defense, it is a defensive galery.
6. (Mining)
Defn: A working drift or level. Whispering gallery. See under Whispering.
GALLETYLE Gal"le*tyle, n. Etym: [OE. gallytile. Cf. Gallipot.]
Defn: A little tile of glazed earthenware. [Obs.] "The substance of galletyle." Bacon.
GALLEY Gal"ley, n.; pl. Galleys. Etym: [OE. gale, galeie (cf. OF. galie, galée, LL. galea, LGr.
1. (Naut.)
Defn: A vessel propelled by oars, whether having masts and sails or not; as: (a) A large vessel for war and national purposes; -- common in the Middle Ages, and down to the 17th century. (b) A name given by analogy to the Greek, Roman, and other ancient vessels propelled by oars. (c) A light, open boat used on the Thames by customhouse officers, press gangs, and also for pleasure. (d) One of the small boats carried by a man-of-war.
Note: The typical galley of the Mediterranean was from one hundred to two hundred feet long, often having twenty oars on each side. It had two or three masts rigged with lateen sails, carried guns at prow and stern, and a complement of one thousand to twelve hundred men, and was very efficient in mediaeval walfare. Galleons, galliots, galleasses, half galleys, and quarter galleys were all modifications of this type.
2. The cookroom or kitchen and cooking apparatus of a vessel; -- sometimes on merchant vessels called the caboose.
3. (Chem.)
Defn: An oblong oven or muffle with a battery of retorts; a gallery furnace.
4. Etym: [F. galée; the same word as E. galley a vessel.] (Print.) (a) An oblong tray of wood or brass, with upright sides, for holding type which has been set, or is to be made up, etc. (b) A proof sheet taken from type while on a galley; a galley proof. Galley slave, a person condemned, often as a punishment for crime, to work at the oar on board a galley. "To toil like a galley slave." Macaulay.-- Galley slice (Print.), a sliding false bottom to a large galley. Knight.
GALLEY-BIRD Gal"ley-bird`, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The European green woodpecker; also, the spotted woodpecker. [Prov. Eng.]
GALLEY-WORM Gal"ley-worm`, n. Etym: [Prob. so called because the numerous legs along the sides move rhythmically like the oars of a galley.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A chilognath myriapod of the genus Iulus, and allied genera, having numerous short legs along the sides; a milliped or "thousand legs." See Chilognatha.
GALLFLY Gall"fly`, n.; pl. Gallflies (. (Zoöl.)
Defn: An insect that deposits its eggs in plants, and occasions galls, esp. any small hymenopteran of the genus Cynips and allied genera. See Illust. of Gall.
GALLIAMBIC Gal`li*am"bic, a. Etym: [L. galliambus a song used by the priests of Cybele; Gallus (a name applied to these priests) + iambus] (Pros.)
Defn: Consisting of two iambic dimeters catalectic, the last of which lacks the final syllable; -- said of a kind of verse.
GALLIAN Gal"li*an, a. Etym: [See Gallic.]
Defn: Gallic; French. [Obs.] Shak.
GALLIARD Gal"liard, a. Etym: [OE., fr. F. gaillard, perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. galach valiant, or AS. gagol, geagl, wanton, lascivious.]
Defn: Gay; brisk; active. [Obs.]
GALLIARD Gal"liard, n.
Defn: A brisk, gay man. [Obs.] Selden is a galliard by himself. Cleveland.
GALLIARD Gal"liard, n. Etym: [F. gaillarde, cf. Sp. gallarda. See Galliard, a.]
Defn: A gay, lively dance. Cf. Gailliarde. Never a hall such a galliard did grace. Sir. W. Scott.
GALLIARDISE Gal`liard*ise, n. Etym: [F. gaillardise. See Galliard, a.]
Defn: Excessive gayety; merriment. [Obs.] The mirth and galliardise of company. Sir. T. Browne.
GALLIARDNESS Gal"liard*ness, n.
Defn: Gayety. [Obs.] Gayton.
GALLIASS Gal"li*ass, n.
Defn: Same as Galleass.
GALLIC Gal"lic, a. Etym: [From Gallium.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, gallium.
GALLIC Gal"lic (277), a. Etym: [From Gall the excrescence.]
Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, galls, nutgalls, and the like. Gallic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, very widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom, being found in the free state in galls, tea, etc., and produced artificially. It is a white, crystalline substance, C6H2(HO)3.CO2H, with an astringent taste, and is a strong reducing agent, as employed in photography. It is usually prepared from tannin, and both give a dark color with iron salts, forming tannate and gallate of iron, which are the essential ingredients of common black ink.
GALLIC Gal"lic, a. Etym: [L. Gallicus belonging to the Gauls, fr. Galli the Gauls, Gallia Gaul, now France: cf. F. gallique.]
Defn: Pertaining to Gaul or France; Gallican.
GALLICAN Gal"li*can, a. Etym: [L. Gallicanus: cf. F. gallican.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to Gaul or France; Gallic; French; as, the Gallican church or clergy.
GALLICAN Gal"li*can, n.
Defn: An adherent to, and supporter of, Gallicanism. Shipley.
GALLICANISM Gal"li*can*ism, n.
Defn: The principles, tendencies, or action of those, within the Roman Catholic Church in France, who (esp. in 1682) sought to restrict the papal authority in that country and increase the power of the national church. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.
GALLICISM Gal"li*cism, n. Etym: [F. gallicisme.]
Defn: A mode of speech peculiar to the French; a French idiom; also, in general, a French mode or custom.
GALLICIZE Gal"li*cize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gallicized; p. pr. & vb. n. Gallicizing.]
Defn: To conform to the French mode or idiom.
GALLIED Gal"lied, p. p. & a. (Naut.)
Defn: Worried; flurried; frightened. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
GALLIFORM Gal"li*form, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Like the Gallinae (or Galliformes) in structure.
GALLIGASKINS Gal`li*gas"kins, n. pl. Etym: [Prob. corrupted fr. It. Grechesco Grecian, a name which seems to have been given in Venice, and to have been afterwards confused with Gascony, as if they came from Gascony.]
Defn: Loose hose or breeches; leather leg quards. The word is used loosely and often in a jocose sense.
GALLIMATIA Gal`li*ma"ti*a ( or ), n.
Defn: Senseless talk. [Obs. or R.] See Galimatias.
GALLIMAUFRY Gal`li*mau"fry, n.; pl. Gallimaufries. Etym: [F. galimafrée a sort of ragout or mixed hash of different meats.]
1. A hash of various kinds of meats, a ragout. Delighting in hodge-podge, gallimaufries, forced meat. King.
2. Any absurd medley; a hotchpotch. The Mahometan religion, which, being a gallimaufry made up of many, partakes much of the Jewish. South.
GALLIN Gal"lin, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A substance obtained by the reduction of galleïn.
GALLINACEAE Gal"li*nace*ae, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Gallinaceous.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Same as Gallinae.
GALLINACEAN Gal`li*na"cean, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the Gallinae or gallinaceous birds.
GALLINACEOUS Gal`li*na"ceous, a.Etym: [L. gallinaceus, fr. gallina hen, fr. gallus cock.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Resembling the domestic fowls and pheasants; of or pertaining to the Gallinae.
GALLINAE Gal*li"nae, n.; pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. gallina a hen, gallus a cock.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: An order of birds, including the common domestic fowls, pheasants, grouse, quails, and allied forms; -- sometimes called Rasores.
GALLING Gall"ing, a.
Defn: Fitted to gall or chafe; vexing; harassing; irritating. -- Gall"ing*ly, adv.
GALLINIPPER Gal"li*nip`per, n.
Defn: A large mosquito.
GALLINULE Gal"li*nule, n. Etym: [L. gallinula chicken, dim. of gallina hen: cf. F. gallinule.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of several wading birds, having long, webless toes, and a frontal shield, belonging to the family Rallidae. They are remarkable for running rapidly over marshes and on floating plants. The purple gallinule of America is Ionornis Martinica, that of the Old World is Porphyrio porphyrio. The common European gallinule (Gallinula chloropus) is also called moor hen, water hen, water rail, moor coot, night bird, and erroneously dabchick. Closely related to it is the Florida gallinule (Gallinula galeata).
Note: The purple gallinule of Southern Europe and Asia was formerly believed to be able to detect and report adultery, and for that reason, chiefly, it was commonly domesticated by the ancients.
GALLIOT Gal"li*ot, n.
Defn: See Galiot.
GALLIPOLI OIL Gal*lip"o*li oil`.
Defn: An inferior kind of olive oil, brought from Gallipoli, in Italy.
GALLIPOT Gal"li*pot, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. OD. gleypot, the first part of which is possibly akin to E. glad. See Glad, and Pot.]
Defn: A glazed earthen pot or vessel, used by druggists and apothecaries for containing medicines, etc.
GALLIUM Gal"li*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. Gallia France.] (Chem.)
Defn: A rare metallic element, found in certain zinc ores. It is white, hard, and malleable, resembling aluminium, and remarcable for its low melting point (86
Note: The element was predicted with most of its properties, under the name ekaluminium, by the Russian chemist Mendelejeff, on the basis of the Periodic law. This prediction was verified in its discovery by the French chemist Lecoq de Boisbaudran by its characteristic spectrum (two violet lines), in an examination of a zinc blende from the Pyrenees.
GALLIVANT Gal"li*vant, v. i. Etym: [From Gallant.]
Defn: To play the beau; to wait upon the ladies; also, to roam about for pleasure without any definite plan. [Slang] Dickens.
GALLIVAT Gal"li*vat, n.Etym: [Prob. fr. Pg. galeota; cf. E. galiot, galley.] (Naut.)
Defn: A small armed vessel, with sails and oars, -- used on the Malabar coast. A. Chalmers.
GALLIWASP Gal"li*wasp`, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A West Indian lizard (Celestus occiduus), about a foot long, imagined by the natives to be venomous.
GALLIZE Gal"lize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gallized; p. pr. & vb. n. Gallizing.] [After Dr. L. Gall, a French chemist, who invented the process.]
Defn: In wine making, to add water and sugar to (unfermented grape juice) so as to increase the quantity of wine produced. -- Gal`li*za"tion (#), n.
GALLNUT Gall"nut`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A round gall produced on the leaves and shoots of various species of the oak tree. See Gall, and Nutgall.
GALLOMANIA Gal`lo*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [L. Galli Gauls + mania madness.]
Defn: An excessive admiration of what is French. -- Gal`lo*ma"ni*ac, n.
GALLON Gal"lon, n. Etym: [OF galon, jalon, LL. galo, galona, fr. galum a liquid measure; cf. F. jale large bowl. Cf. Gill a measure.]
Defn: A measure of capacity, containing four quarts; -- used, for the most part, in liquid measure, but sometimes in dry measure.
Note: The standart gallon of the Unites States contains 231 cubic inches, or 8.3389 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at its maximum density, and with the barometer at 30 inches. This is almost exactly equivalent to a cylinder of seven inches in diameter and six inches in height, and is the same as the old English wine gallon. The beer gallon, now little used in the United States, contains 282 cubic inches. The English imperial gallon contains 10 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at 62
GALLOON Gal*loon", n. Etym: [From F. or Sp. galon. See Gala. ]
1. A narrow tapelike fabric used for binding hats, shoes, etc., -- sometimes made ornamental.
2. A similar bordering or binding of rich material, such as gold lace. Silver and gold galloons, with the like glittering gewgaws. Addison.
GALLOONED Gal*looned`, a.
Defn: Furnished or adorned with galloon.
GALLOP Gal"lop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Galloped; p. pr. & vb. n. Galloping.] Etym: [OE. galopen, F. galoper, of German origin; cf. assumed Goth. ga-hlaupan to run, OHG. giloufen, AS. gehleápan to leap, dance, fr. root of E. leap, and a prefix; or cf. OFlem. walop a gallop. See Leap, and cf. 1st Wallop.]
1. To move or run in the mode called a gallop; as a horse; to go at a gallop; to run or move with speed. But gallop lively down the western hill. Donne.
2. To ride a horse at a gallop.
3. Fig.: To go rapidly or carelessly, as in making a hasty examination. Such superficial ideas he may collect in galloping over it. Locke.
GALLOP Gal"lop, v. t.
Defn: To cause to gallop.
GALLOP Gal"lop, n. Etym: [Cf. F. galop. See Gallop, v. i., and cf. Galop.]
Defn: A mode of running by a quadruped, particularly by a horse, by lifting alternately the fore feet and the hind feet, in successive leaps or bounds. Hand gallop, a slow or gentle gallop.
GALLOPADE Gal"lo*pade`, n. Etym: [F. galopade. See Gallop, n.]
1. I horsemanship, a sidelong or curveting kind of gallop.
2. A kind of dance; also, music to the dance; a galop.
GALLOPADE Gal`lo*pade", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gallopaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gallopading.]
1. To gallop, as on horseback.
2. To perform the dance called gallopade.
GALLOPER Gal"lop*er, n.
1. One who, or that which, gallops.
2.
(Mil.)
Defn: A carriage on which very small guns were formerly mounted, the gun resting on the shafts, without a limber. Farrow. Galloper gun, a light gun, supported on a galloper, -- formerly attached to British infantry regiments.
GALLOPIN Gal"lo*pin, n.Etym: [F. galopin. See Gallop, v. i.]
Defn: An under servant for the kitchen; a scullion; a cook's errand boy. [Obs.] Halliwell.
GALLOPING Gal"lop*ing, a.
Defn: Going at a gallop; progressing rapidly; as, a galloping horse.
GALLOTANNIC Gal`lo*tan"nic, a. Etym: [Gall nutgall + tannic.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to the tannin or nutgalls. Gallotannic acid. See Tannic acid, under Tannic.
GALLOW Gal"low, v. t. Etym: [Cf. AS. agelwan to stupefy.]
Defn: To fright or terrify. See Gally, v. t. [Obs.] Shak.
GALLOWAY Gal"lo*way, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A small horse of a breed raised at Galloway, Scotland; -- called also garran, and garron.
GALLOWGLASS Gal"low*glass`, n. Etym: [Ir. galloglach. Cf. Gillie.]
Defn: A heavy-armed foot soldier from Ireland and the Western Isles in the time of Edward Shak.
GALLOWS Gal"lows, n. sing.; pl. Gallowses or Gallows. Etym: [OE. galwes, pl., AS. galga, gealga, gallows, cross; akin to D. galg gallows, OS. & OHG. galgo, G. galgen, Icel. galgi, Sw. & Dan. galge, Goth. galga a cross. Etymologically and historically considered, gallows is a noun in the plural number, but it is used as a singular, and hence is preceded by a; as, a gallows.]
1. A frame from which is suspended the rope with which criminals are executed by hanging, usually consisting of two upright posts and a crossbeam on the top; also, a like frame for suspending anything. So they hanged Haman on the gallows. Esther vii. 10. If I hang, I'll make a fat pair of gallows. Shak. O, there were desolation of gaolers and gallowses Shak.
2. A wretch who deserves the gallows. [R.] Shak.
3. (Print.)
Defn: The rest for the tympan when raised.
4. pl.
Defn: A pair of suspenders or braces. [Colloq.] Gallows bird, a person who deserves the gallows. [Colloq.] -- Gallows bitts (Naut.), one of two or more frames amidships on deck for supporting spare spars; -- called also gallows, gallows top, gallows frame, etc. -- Gallows frame. (a) The frame supporting the beam of an engine. (b) (Naut.) Gallows bitts. -- Gallows, or Gallow tree, the gallows. At length him nailéd on a gallow tree. Spenser.
GALLSTONE Gall"stone`, n.
Defn: A concretion, or calculus, formed in the gall bladder or biliary passages. See Calculus, n., 1.
GALLY Gal"ly, v. t. Etym: [See Gallow, v. t.]
Defn: To frighten; to worry. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] T. Brown.
GALLY Gall"y, a.
Defn: Like gall; bitter as gall. Cranmer.
GALLY Gal"ly, n.
Defn: See Galley, n., 4.
GALLYGASKINS Gal`ly*gas"kins, n. pl.
Defn: See Galligaskins.
GALOCHE; GALOSHE Ga*loche", Ga*loshe" (, Etym: [OE. galoche, galache, galage, shoe, F. galoche galoche, perh. altered fr. L. gallica a Gallic shoe, or fr. LL. calopedia wooden shoe, or shoe with a wooden sole, Gr.
1. A clog or patten. [Obs.] Nor were worthy [to] unbuckle his galoche. Chaucer.
2. Hence: An overshoe worn in wet weather.
3. A gaiter, or legging, covering the upper part of the shoe and part of the leg.
GALOOT Ga*loot", n.
Defn: A noisy, swaggering, or worthless fellow; a rowdy. [Slang, U. S.]
GALOP Gal"op, n. Etym: [F.] (Mus.)
Defn: A kind of lively dance, in 2-4 time; also, the music to the dance.
GALORE Ga*lore", n. & a. Etym: [Scot. gelore, gilore, galore, fr. Gael. gu leòr, enough; gu- to, also an adverbial prefix + leòr, leòir, enough; or fr. Ir. goleor, the same word.]
Defn: Plenty; abundance; in abundance.
GALOSH Ga*losh", n.
1. Same as Galoche, Galoshe.
2. A strip of material, as leather, running around a shoe at and above the sole, as for protection or ornament.
GALOSHE Ga*loshe", n.
Defn: Same as Galoche.
GALPE Galpe, v. i.
Defn: To gape,; to yawn. [Obs.] Chaucer.
GALSOME Gal"some, a. Etym: [Gall bitterness + some.]
Defn: Angry; malignant. [Obs.] Bp. Morton.
GALT Galt, n Etym: [See Gault.]
Defn: Same as Gault.
GALVANIC Gal*van"ic, a. Etym: [From Galvani, a professor of physiology at Bologna, on account of his connection (about 1780) with the discovery of dynamical or current electricity: cf. F. galvanique.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to, or exhibiting the phenomena of, galvanism; employing or producing electrical currents. Galvanic battery (Elec.), an apparatus for generating electrical currents by the mutual action of certain liquids and metals; -- now usually called voltaic battery. See Battery. -- Galvanic circuit or circle. (Elec.) See under Circuit. -- Galvanic pile (Elec.), the voltaic pile. See under Voltaic.
GALVANISM Gal"va*nism, n Etym: [From Galvani: cf. F. galvanisme. See Galvanic.] (Physics) (a) Electricity excited by the mutual action of certain liquids and metals; dynamical electricity. (b) The branch of physical science which treats of dynamical elecricity, or the properties and effects of electrical currents.
Note: The words galvanism and galvanic, formerly in very general use, are now rarely employed. For the latter, voltaic, from the name of Volta, is commonly used.
GALVANIST Gal"va*nist, n.
Defn: One versed in galvanism.
GALVANIZATION Gal"va*niza`tion, n.
Defn: The act of process of galvanizing.
GALVANIZE Gal"va*nize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Galvanized; p pr. & vb. n. Galvanizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. galvaniser.]
1. To affect with galvanism; to subject to the action of electrical currents.
2. To plate, as with gold, silver, etc., by means of electricity.
3. To restore to consciousness by galvanic action (as from a state of suspended animation); hence, to stimulate or excite to a factitious animation or activity.
4. To coat, as iron, with zinc. See Galvanized iron. Galvanized iron, formerly, iron coated with zink by electrical deposition; now more commonly, iron coated with zink by plunging into a bath of melted zink, after its surface has been cleaned by friction with the aid of dilute acid.
GALVANIZER Gal"va*ni`zer, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, galvanize.
GALVANOCAUSTIC Gal*van`o*caus"tic, a. Etym: [Galvanic + caustic.]
Defn: Relating to the use of galvanic heat as a caustic, especially in medicine.
GALVANOCAUTERY Gal*van`o*cau"ter*y, n. (Med.)
Defn: Cautery effected by a knife or needle heated by the passage of a galvanic current.
GALVANOGLYPHY Gal`va*nog"ly*phy, n. Etym: [Galvanic + Gr.
Defn: Same as Glyphography.
GALVANOGRAPH Gal*van"o*graph, n. Etym: [Galvanic + -graph.] (Engraving)
Defn: A copperplate produced by the method of galvanography; also, a picture printed from such a plate.
GALVANOGRAPHIC Gal*van`o*graph"ic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to galvanography.
GALVANOGRAPHY Gal`va*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Galvanic + -graphy.]
1. The art or process of depositing metals by electricity; electrotypy.
2. A method of producing by means of electrotyping process (without etching) copperplates which can be printed from in the same manner as engraved plates.
GALVANOLOGIST Gal`va*nol"o*gist, n.
Defn: One who describes the phenomena of galvanism; a writer on galvanism.
GALVANOLOGY Gal`va*nol"o*gy n. Etym: [Galvanic + -logy.]
Defn: A treatise on galvanism, or a description of its phenomena.
GALVANOMETER Gal`va*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Galvanic + -meter: cf. F. galvanomètre.] (Elec.)
Defn: An instrument or apparatus for measuring the intensity of an electric current, usually by the deflection of a magnetic needle. Differential galvanometer. See under Differental, a. -- Sine galvanometer, Cosine galvanometer, Tangent galvanometer (Elec.), a galvanometer in which the sine, cosine, or tangent respectively, of the angle through which the needle is deflected, is proportional to the strength of the current passed through the instrument.
GALVANOMETRIC Gal*van`o*met"ric, a.
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or measured by, a galvanometer.
GALVANOMETRY Gal`va*nom"e*try, n.
Defn: The art or process of measuring the force of electric currents.
GALVANOPLASTIC Gal*van`o*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Galvanic + -plastic.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to the art or process of electrotyping; employing, or produced by, the process of electolytic deposition; as, a galvano-plastic copy of a medal or the like.
GALVANOPLASTY Gal*van"o*plas`ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. galanoplastie.]
Defn: The art or process of electrotypy.
GALVANOPUNCTURE Gal*van`o*punc"ture, n. (Med.)
Defn: Same as Electro-puncture.
GALVANOSCOPE Gal*van`o*scope, n. Etym: [Galvanic + -scope: cf. F. galvanoscope.] (Elec.)
Defn: An instrument or apparatus for detecting the presence of electrical currents, especially such as are of feeble intensity.
GALVANOSCOPIC Gal*van`o*scop"ic, a
Defn: Of or pertaining to a galvanoscope.
GALVANOSCOPY Gal`va*nos"co*py, n (Physiol.)
Defn: The use of galvanism in physiological experiments.
GALVANOTONUS Gal`va*not"o*nus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. E. galvanic + GR. (Physiol.)
Defn: Same as Electrotonus.
GALVANOTROPISM Gal`va*not"ro*pism, n. Etym: [Galvanic + Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: The tendency of a root to place its axis in the line of a galvanic current.
GALWES Gal"wes, n.
Defn: Gallows. [Obs.] Chaucer.
GAM Gam, n. [Orig. uncert.] (Naut.) (a) A herd, or school, of whales. (b) A visit between whalers at sea; a holding of social intercourse between those on different vessels at sea, or (Local U. S.) between persons ashore.
GAM Gam, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gammed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gam"ming.] (Naut.) (a) To gather in a gam; -- said of whales. (b) To engage in a gam, or (Local, U. S.) in social intercourse anywhere.
GAM Gam, v. t. (Naut.)
Defn: To have a gam with; to pay a visit to, esp. among whalers at sea.
GAMA GRASS Ga"ma grass`. Etym: [From Gama, a cluster of the Maldive Islands.] (Bot.)
Defn: A species of grass (Tripsacum dactyloides) tall, stout, and exceedingly productive; cultivated in the West Indies, Mexico, and the Southern States of North America as a forage grass; -- called also sesame grass.
GAMASHES Ga*mash"es, n. pl. Etym: [F. gamaches.]
Defn: High boots or buskins; in Scotland, short spatterdashes or riding trousers, worn over the other clothing.
GAMBA Gam"ba, n.
Defn: A viola da gamba.
GAMBADOES Gam*ba"does, n. pl. Etym: [I. or Sp. gamba leg. See Gambol, n.]
Defn: Same as Gamashes. His thin legs tenanted a pair of gambadoes fastened at the side with rusty clasps. Sir W. Scott.
GAMBEER Gam*beer", v. t. [Cf. F. gambier a kind of hook.] (Fishing)
Defn: To gaff, as mackerel.
GAMBESON Gam"be*son, n.
Defn: Same as Gambison.
GAMBET Gam"bet, n. Etym: [Fr. gambette, or It. gambetta.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any bird of the genuis Totanus. See Tattler.
GAMBIER Gam"bier, n. Etym: [Malayan.] (a) The inspissated juice of a plant (Uncaria Gambir) growing in Malacca. It is a powerful astringent, and, under the name of Terra Japonica, is used for chewing with the Areca nut, and is exported for tanning and dyeing. (b) Catechu. [Written also gambeer and gambir.]
GAMBISON Gam"bi*son, n. Etym: [OF. gambeson, gambaison, fr. gambais, wambais, of German origin: cf. MHG. wambeis, G. wams doublet, fr. OHG. wamba, stomach. See Womb.]
Defn: A defensive garment formerly in use for the body, made of cloth stuffed and quilted.
GAMBIST Gam"bist, n. Etym: [It. gamba leg.] (Mus.)
Defn: A performer upon the viola di gamba. See under Viola.
GAMBIT Gam"bit, n. Etym: [F. gambit, cf. It. gambitto gambit, a tripping up. See Gambol, n.] (Chess Playing)
Defn: A mode of opening the game, in which a pawn is sacrificed to gain an attacking position.
GAMBLE Gam"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gambled; p. pr. & vb. n. Gambling.] Etym: [Dim. of game. See 2d Game.]
Defn: To play or game for money or other stake.
GAMBLE Gamble, v. t.
Defn: To lose or squander by gaming; -- usually with away. "Bankrupts or sots who have gambled or slept away their estates." Ames.
GAMBLER Gam"bler, n.
Defn: One who gambles.
GAMBOGE Gam*boge", n.
Defn: A concrete juice, or gum resin, produced by several species of trees in Siam, Ceylon, and Malabar. It is brought in masses, or cylindrical rolls, from Cambodia, or Cambogia, -- whence its name. The best kind is of a dense, compact texture, and of a beatiful reddish yellow. Taking internally, it is a strong and harsh cathartic ad emetic. [Written also camboge.]
Note: There are several kinds of gamboge, but all are derived from species of Garcinia, a genus of trees of the order Guttiferæ. The best Siam gamboge is thought to come from Garcinia Hanburii. Ceylon gamboge is from G. Morella. G. pictoria, of Western India, yields gamboge, and also a kind of oil called gamboge butter.
GAMBOGIAN; GAMBOGIC Gam*bo"gi*an, Gambogic, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, resembling, or containing, gamboge.
GAMBOL Gam"bol, n. Etym: [OE. gambolde, gambaulde, F. gambade, gambol, fr. It. gambata kick, fr. L. gamba leg, akin to F. jambe, OF. also, gambe, fr. L. gamba, hoof or perh. joint: cf. Gr. cam crooked; perh. akin to E. chamber: cf.F. gambiller to kick about. Cf. Jamb, n., Gammon ham, Gambadoes.]
Defn: A skipping or leaping about in frolic; a hop; a sportive prank. Dryden.
GAMBOL Gam"bol v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gamboled, or Gambolled; p. pr. & vb. n. Gamboling or Gambolling.]
Defn: To dance and skip about in sport; to frisk; to skip; to play in frolic, like boys or lambs.
GAMBREL Gam"brel, n Etym: [OF. gambe, jambe leg, F. jambe. Cf. Cambrel, Chambrel, and see Gambol. n.]
1. The hind leg of a horse.
2. A stick crooked like a horse's hind leg; -- used by butchers in suspending slaughtered animals. Gambrel roof (Arch.), a curb roof having the same section in all parts, with a lower steeper slope and an upper and flatter one, so that each gable is pentagonal in form.
GAMBREL Gam"brel v. t.
Defn: To truss or hang up by means of a gambrel. Beau. & Fl.
GAMBROON Gam*broon", n.
Defn: A kind of twilled linen cloth for lining. Simmonds.
GAME Game, a. Etym: [Cf. W. cam crooked, and E. gambol, n.]
Defn: Crooked; lame; as, a game leg. [Colloq.]
GAME Game, n. Etym: [OE. game, gamen, AS. gamen, gomen, play, sport; akin to OS., OHG., & Icel. gaman, Dan. gammen mirth, merriment, OSw. gamman joy. Cf. Gammon a game, Backgammon, Gamble v. i.]
1. Sport of any kind; jest, frolic. We have had pastimes here, and pleasant game. Shak.
2. A contest, physical or mental, according to certain rules, for amusement, recreation, or for winning a stake; as, a game of chance; games of skill; field games, etc. But war's a game, which, were their subject wise, Kings would not play at. Cowper.
Note: Among the ancients, especially the Greeks and Romans, there were regularly recurring public exhibitions of strength, agility, and skill under the patronage of the government, usually accompanied with religious ceremonies. Such were the Olympic, the Pythian, the Nemean, and the Isthmian games.
3. The use or practice of such a game; a single match at play; a single contest; as, a game at cards. Talk the game o'er between the deal. Lloyd.
4. That which is gained, as the stake in a game; also, the number of points necessary to be scored in order to win a game; as, in short whist five points are game.
5. (Card Playing)
Defn: In some games, a point credited on the score to the player whose cards counts up the highest.
6. A scheme or art employed in the pursuit of an object or purpose; method of procedure; projected line of operations; plan; project. Your murderous game is nearly up. Blackw. Mag. It was obviously Lord Macaulay's game to blacken the greatest literary champion of the cause he had set himself to attack. Saintsbury.
7. Animals pursued and taken by sportsmen; wild meats designed for, or served at, table. Those species of animals . . . distinguished from the rest by the well-known appellation of game. Blackstone. Confidence game. See under Confidence. -- To make game of, to make sport of; to mock. Milton.
GAME Game, a.
1. Having a resolute, unyielding spirit, like the gamecock; ready to fight to the last; plucky. I was game . . . .I felt that I could have fought even to the death. W. Irving.
2. Of or pertaining to such animals as are hunted for game, or to the act or practice of hunting. Game bag, a sportsman's bag for carrying small game captured; also, the whole quantity of game taken. -- Game bird, any bird commonly shot for food, esp. grouse, partridges, quails, pheasants, wild turkeys, and the shore or wading birds, such as plovers, snipe, woodcock, curlew, and sandpipers. The term is sometimes arbitrarily restricted to birds hunted by sportsmen, with dogs and guns. -- Game egg, an egg producing a gamecock. -- Game laws, laws regulating the seasons and manner of taking game for food or for sport. -- Game preserver, a land owner who regulates the killing of game on his estate with a view to its increase. [Eng.] -- To be game. (a) To show a brave, unyielding spirit. (b) To be victor in a game. [Colloq.] -- To die game, to maintain a bold, unyielding spirit to the last; to die fighting.
GAME Game, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gaming.] Etym: [OE. gamen, game, to rejoice, AS. gamenian to play. See Game, n.]
1. To rejoice; to be pleased; -- often used, in Old English, impersonally with dative. [Obs.] God loved he best with all his whole hearte At alle times, though him gamed or smarte. Chaucer.
2. To play at any sport or diversion.
3. To play for a stake or prize; to use cards, dice, billiards, or other instruments, according to certain rules, with a view to win money or other thing waged upon the issue of the contest; to gamble.
GAMECOCK Game"cock`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The male game fowl.
GAME FOWL Game" fowl`. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A handsome breed of the common fowl, remarkable for the great courage and pugnacity of the males.
GAMEFUL Game"ful, a.
Defn: Full of game or games.
GAMEKEEPER Game"keep`er, n.
Defn: One who has the care of game, especially in a park or preserve. Blackstone.
GAMELESS Game"less, a.
Defn: Destitute of game.
GAMELY Game"ly, adv.
Defn: In a plucky manner; spiritedly.
GAMENESS Game"ness, n.
Defn: Endurance; pluck.
GAMESOME Game"some, a.
Defn: Gay; sportive; playful; frolicsome; merry. Shak. Gladness of the gamesome crowd. Byron. -- Game"some*ly, adv. -- Game"some*ness, n.
GAMESTER Game"ster, n. Etym: [Game + -ster.]
1. A merry, frolicsome person. [Obs.] Shak.
2. A person who plays at games; esp., one accustomed to play for a stake; a gambler; one skilled in games. When lenity and cruelty play for a kingdom, the gentlest gamester is the soonest winner. Shak.
3. A prostitute; a strumpet. [Obs.] Shak.
GAMETE Gam"ete (gam"et; ga*met"; the latter usually in compounds), n. [Gr. gameth` wife, or game`ths husband, fr. gamei^n to marry.] (Biol.)
Defn: A sexual cell or germ cell; a conjugating cell which unites with another of like or unlike character to form a new individual. In Bot., gamete designates esp. the similar sex cells of the lower thallophytes which unite by conjugation, forming a zygospore. The gametes of higher plants are of two sorts, sperm (male) and egg (female); their union is called fertilization, and the resulting zygote an oöspore. In Zoöl., gamete is most commonly used of the sexual cells of certain Protozoa, though also extended to the germ cells of higher forms.
GAMETOPHYTE Ga*me"to*phyte, n. [Gamete + Gr. fyto`n plant.] (Bot.)
Defn: In the alternation of generations in plants, that generation or phase which bears sex organs. In the lower plants, as the algæ, the gametophyte is the conspicuous part of the plant body; in mosses it is the so-called moss plant; in ferns it is reduced to a small, early perishing body; and in seed plants it is usually microscopic or rudimentary.
GAMIC Gam"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or resulting from, sexual connection; formed by the union of the male and female elements.
GAMIN Gam"in, n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: A neglected and untrained city boy; a young street Arab. In Japan, the gamins run after you, and say, 'Look at the Chinaman.' L. Oliphant.
GAMING Gam"ing, n.
Defn: The act or practice of playing games for stakes or wagers; gambling.
GAMMA Gam"ma, n.
Defn: The third letter (G) of the Greek alphabet.
GAMMADION Gam*ma"di*on, n.
Defn: A cross formed of four capital gammas, formerly used as a mysterious ornament on ecclesiastical vestments, etc. See Fylfot.
GAMMA RAYS Gam"ma rays. (Physics)
Defn: Very penetrating rays not appreciably deflected by a magnetic or electric field, emitted by radioactive substances. The prevailing view is that they are non-periodic ether pulses differing from Röntgen rays only in being more penetrating.
GAMMER Gam"mer, n. Etym: [Possibly contr. fr. godmother; but prob. fr. grammer for grandmother. Cf. Gaffer.]
Defn: An old wife; an old woman; -- correlative of gaffer, an old man.
GAMMON Gam"mon, n. Etym: [OF. gambon, F. jambon, fr. OF. gambe leg, F. jambe. See Gambol, n., and cf. Ham.]
Defn: The buttock or tight of a hog, salted and smoked or dried; the lower end of a flitch. Goldsmith.
GAMMON Gam"mon, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gameed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gameing.]
Defn: To make bacon of; to salt and dry in smoke.
GAMMON Gam"mon, n. Etym: [See 2d Game.]
1. Backgammon.
2. An imposition or hoax; humbug. [Colloq.]
GAMMON Gam"mon, v. t.
1. To beat in the game of backgammon, before an antagonist has been able to get his "men" or counters home and withdraw any of them from the board; as, to gammon a person.
2. To impose on; to hoax; to cajole. [Colloq.] Hood.
GAMMON Gam"mon, v. t. Etym: [Etymol. unknown.] (Naut.)
Defn: To fasten (a bowsprit) to the stem of a vessel by lashings of rope or chain, or by a band of iron. Totten.
GAMMONING Gam"mon*ing, n. Etym: [From 5th Gammon.] (Naut.)
Defn: The lashing or iron band by which the bowsprit of a vessel is secured to the stem to opposite the lifting action of the forestays. Gammoning fashion, in the style of gammoning lashing, that is, having the turns of rope crossed. -- Gammoning hole (Naut.), a hole cut through the knee of the head of a vessel for the purpose of gammoning the bowsprit.
GAMMONING Gam"mon*ing, n. Etym: [From 4th Gammon.]
Defn: The act of imposing upon or hoaxing a person. [Colloq.]
GAMOGENESIS Gam`o*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. genesis.] (Biol.)
Defn: The production of offspring by the union of parents of different sexes; sexual reproduction; -- the opposite of agamogenesis.
GAMOGENETIC Gam`o*ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.)
Defn: Relating to gamogenesis. -- Gam`o*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.
GAMOMORPHISM Gam`o*mor"phism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)
Defn: That stage of growth or development in an organism, in which the reproductive elements are generated and matured in preparation for propagating the species.
GAMOPETALOUS Gam`o*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. petalous: cf. F. gamopétale.] (Bot.)
Defn: Having the petals united or joined so as to form a tube or cup; monopetalous.
GAMOPHYLLOUS Ga*moph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: Composed of leaves united by their edges (coalescent). Gray.
GAMOSEPALOUS Gam`o*sep"al*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. sepal.] (Bot.)
Defn: Formed of united sepals; monosepalous.
GAMP Gamp, n.
Defn: A large umbrella; --said to allude to Mrs. Gamp's umbrella, in Dickens's "Martin Chuzzlewit."
GAMUT Gam"ut, n. Etym: [F. gamme + ut the name of a musical note. F. gamme is fr. the name of the Greek letter Gamma, and Ut.] (Mus.)
Defn: The scale.
GAMY Gam"y, a.
1. (Cookery)
Defn: Having the flavor of game, esp. of game kept uncooked till near the condition of tainting; high-flavored.
2. (Sporting)
Defn: Showing an unyielding spirit to the last; plucky; furnishing sport; as, a gamy trout.
GAN Gan, imp. of Gin. Etym: [See Gin, v.]
Defn: Began; commenced.
Note: Gan was formerly used with the infinitive to form compound imperfects, as did is now employed. Gan regularly denotes the singular; the plural is usually denoted by gunne or gonne. This man gan fall (i.e., fell) in great suspicion. Chaucer. The little coines to their play gunne hie (i.e., hied). Chaucer.
Note: Later writers use gan both for singular and plural. Yet at her speech their rages gan relent. Spenser.
GANANCIAL Ga*nan"cial, a. [Sp., pertaining to gain, held in common, fr. ganancia gain.] (Law)
Defn: Designating, pertaining to, or held under, the Spanish system of law (called ganancial system) which controls the title and disposition of the property acquired during marriage by the husband or wife.
GANCH Ganch, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. ganche, n., also Sp. & Pg. gancho hook, It. gancio.]
Defn: To drop from a high place upon sharp stakes or hooks, as the Turks dropped malefactors, by way of punishment. Ganching, which is to let fall from on high upon hooks, and there to hang until they die. Sandys.
GANDER Gan"der, n. Etym: [AS. gandra, ganra, akin to Prov. G. gander, ganter, and E. goose, gannet. See Goose.]
Defn: The male of any species of goose.
GANE Gane, v. i. Etym: [See Yawn.]
Defn: To yawn; to gape. [Obs.] Chaucer.
GANESA Ga*ne"sa, n. (Hind. Myth.)
Defn: The Hindoo god of wisdom or prudence.
Note: He is represented as a short, fat, red-colored man, with a large belly and the head of an elephant. Balfour.
GANG Gang, v. i. Etym: [AS. gangan, akin to OS. & OHG. gangan, Icel. ganga, Goth. gaggan; cf. Lith. to walk, Skr. ja leg. sq. root48. CF. Go.]
Defn: To go; to walk.
Note: Obsolete in English literature, but still used in the North of England, and also in Scotland.
GANG Gang, n. Etym: [Icel. gangr a going, gang, akin to AS., D., G., & Dan. gang a going, Goth. gaggs street, way. See Gang, v. i.]
1. A going; a course. [Obs.]
2. A number going in company; hence, a company, or a number of persons associated for a particular purpose; a group of laborers under one foreman; a squad; as, a gang of sailors; a chain gang; a gang of thieves.
3. A combination of similar implements arranged so as, by acting together, to save time or labor; a set; as, a gang of saws, or of plows.
4. (Naut.)
Defn: A set; all required for an outfit; as, a new gang of stays.
5. Etym: [Cf. Gangue.] (Mining)
Defn: The mineral substance which incloses a vein; a matrix; a gangue. Gang board, or Gang plank. (Naut.) (a) A board or plank, with cleats for steps, forming a bridge by which to enter or leave a vessel. (b) A plank within or without the bulwarks of a vessel's waist, for the sentinel to walk on. -- Gang cask, a small cask in which to bring water aboard ships or in which it is kept on deck. -- Gang cultivator, Gang plow, a cultivator or plow in which several shares are attached to one frame, so as to make two or more furrows at the same time. -- Gang days, Rogation days; the time of perambulating parishes. See Gang week (below). -- Gang drill, a drilling machine having a number of drills driven from a common shaft. -- Gang master, a master or employer of a gang of workmen. -- Gang plank. See Gang board (above). -- Gang plow. See Gang cultivator (above). -- Gang press, a press for operating upon a pile or row of objects separated by intervening plates. -- Gang saw, a saw fitted to be one of a combination or gang of saws hung together in a frame or sash, and set at fixed distances apart. -- Gang tide. See Gang week (below). -- Gang tooth, a projecting tooth. [Obs.] Halliwell. -- Gang week, Rogation week, when formerly processions were made to survey the bounds of parishes. Halliwell. -- Live gang, or Round gang, the Western and the Eastern names, respectively, for a gang of saws for cutting the round log into boards at one operation. Knight. -- Slabbing gang, an arrangement of saws which cuts slabs from two sides of a log, leaving the middle part as a thick beam.
GANGE Gange, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ganged; p. pr. & vb. n. Ganging.] [Of uncertain origin.]
1. To protect (the part of a line next a fishhook, or the hook itself) by winding it with wire.
2. To attach (a fishhook) to a line or snell, as by knotting the line around the shank of the hook.
GANGER Gang"er, n.
Defn: One who oversees a gang of workmen. [R.] Mayhew.
GANGETIC Gan*get"ic, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or inhabiting, the Ganges; as, the Gangetic shark.
GANG-FLOWER Gang"-flow`er, n. (Bot.)
Defn: The common English milkwort (Polygala vulgaris), so called from blossoming in gang week. Dr. Prior.
GANGION Gan"gion, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]
Defn: A short line attached to a trawl. See Trawl, n.
GANGLIAC; GANGLIAL Gan"gli*ac, Gan"gli*al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Relating to a ganglion; ganglionic.
GANGLIATE; GANGLIATED Gan"gli*ate, Gan"gli*a`ted, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Furnished with ganglia; as, the gangliated cords of the sympathetic nervous system.
GANGLIFORM; GANGLIOFORM Gan"gli*form`, Gan"gli*o*form`, a. Etym: [Ganglion + -form.] (Anat.)
Defn: Having the form of a ganglion.
GANGLION Gan"gli*on, n.; pl. L. Ganglia, E. Ganglions. Etym: [L. ganglion a sort of swelling or excrescence, a tumor under the skin, Gr. ganglion.]
1. (Anat.) (a) A mass or knot of nervous matter, including nerve cells, usually forming an enlargement in the course of a nerve. (b) A node, or gland in the lymphatic system; as, a lymphatic ganglion.
2. (Med.)
Defn: A globular, hard, indolent tumor, situated somewhere on a tendon, and commonly formed by the effusion of a viscid fluid into it; -- called also weeping sinew. Ganglion cell, a nerve cell. See Illust. under Bipolar.
GANGLIONARY Gan"gli*on*a*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ganglionnarie.] (Anat.)
Defn: Ganglionic.
GANGLIONIC Gan`gli*on"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ganglionique.] (Anat.)
Defn: Pertaining to, containing, or consisting of, ganglia or ganglion cells; as, a ganglionic artery; the ganglionic columns of the spinal cord.
GANGREL Gan"grel, a. Etym: [Cf. Gang, v. i.]
Defn: Wandering; vagrant. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
GANGRENATE Gan"gre*nate, v. t.
Defn: To gangrene. [Obs.]
GANGRENE Gan"grene, n. Etym: [F. gangrène, L. gangraena, fr. Gr. gras, gar, to devour, and E. voracious, also canker, n., in sense 3.] (Med.)
Defn: A term formerly restricted to mortification of the soft tissues which has not advanced so far as to produce complete loss of vitality; but now applied to mortification of the soft parts in any stage.
GANGRENE Gan"grene, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Gangrened; p. pr. & vb. n. Gangrening.] Etym: [Cf. F. gangréner.]
Defn: To produce gangrene in; to be affected with gangrene.
GANGRENESCENT Gan`gre*nes"cent, a.
Defn: Tending to mortification or gangrene.
GANGRENOUS Gan"gre*nous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. gangréneux.]
Defn: Affected by, or produced by, gangrene; of the nature of gangrene.
GANGUE Gangue, n. Etym: [F. gangue, fr. G. gang a metallic vein, a passage. See Gang, n.] (Mining)
Defn: The mineral or earthy substance associated with metallic ore.
GANGWAY Gang"way`, n. Etym: [See Gang, v. i.]
1. A passage or way into or out of any inclosed place; esp., a temporary way of access formed of planks.
2. In the English House of Commons, a narrow aisle across the house, below which sit those who do not vote steadly either with the government or with the opposition.
3. (Naut.)
Defn: The opening through the bulwarks of a vessel by which persons enter or leave it.
4. (Naut.)
Defn: That part of the spar deck of a vessel on each side of the booms, from the quarter-deck to the forecastle; -- more properly termed the waist. Totten. Gangway ladder, a ladder rigged on the side of a vessel at the gangway. -- To bring to the gangway, to punish (a seaman) by flogging him at the gangway.
GANIL Gan"il, n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: A kind of brittle limestone. [Prov. Eng.] Kirwan.
GANISTER; GANNISTER Gan"is*ter, Gan"nis*ter, n. (Mech.)
Defn: A refractory material consisting of crushed or ground siliceous stone, mixed with fire clay; -- used for lining Bessemer converters; also used for macadamizing roads.
GANJA Gan"ja, n. Etym: [Hind. ganjha.]
Defn: The dried hemp plant, used in India for smoking. It is extremely narcotic and intoxicating.
GANNET Gan"net, n. Etym: [OE. gant, AS. ganet, ganot, a sea fowl, a fen duck; akin to D. gent gander, OHG. ganazzo. See Gander, Goose.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of several species of sea birds of the genus Sula, allied to the pelicans.
Note: The common gannet of Europe and America (S. bassana), is also called solan goose, chandel goose, and gentleman. In Florida the wood ibis is commonly called gannet. Booby gannet. See Sula.
GANOCEPHALA Gan`o*ceph"a*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)
Defn: A group of fossil amphibians allied to the labyrinthodonts, having the head defended by bony, sculptured plates, as in some ganoid fishes.
GANOCEPHALOUS Gan`o*ceph"a*lous, a. (Paleon.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Ganocephala.
GANOID Ga"noid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to Ganoidei. -- n. One of the Ganoidei. Ganoid scale (Zoöl.), one kind of scales of the ganoid fishes, composed of an inner layer of bone, and an outer layer of shining enamel. They are often so arranged as to form a coat of mail.
GANOIDAL Ga*noid"al, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Ganoid.
GANOIDEI Ga*noi"de*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Ganoid.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the subclasses of fishes. They have an arterial cone and bulb, spiral intestinal valve, and the optic nerves united by a chiasma. Many of the species are covered with bony plates, or with ganoid scales; others have cycloid scales.
Note: They were numerous, and some of them of large size, in early geological periods; but they are represented by comparatively few living species, most of which inhabit fresh waters, as the bowfin, gar pike, bichir, Ceratodus, paddle fish, and sturgeon.
GANOIDIAN Ga*noid"i*an, a. & n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Ganoid.
GANOINE Ga"no*ine, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A peculiar bony tissue beneath the enamel of a ganoid scale.
GANSA Gan"sa, n.
Defn: Same as Ganza. Bp. Hall.
GANTLET Gant"let, n. [Gantlet is corrupted fr. gantlope; gantlope is for gatelope, Sw. gatlopp, orig., a running down a lane; gata street, lane + lopp course, career, akin to löpa to run. See Gate a way, and Leap.]
Defn: A military punishment formerly in use, wherein the offender was made to run between two files of men facing one another, who struck him as he passed. To run the gantlet, to suffer the punishment of the gantlet; hence, to go through the ordeal of severe criticism or controversy, or ill-treatment at many hands. Winthrop ran the gantlet of daily slights. Palfrey.
Note: Written also, but less properly, gauntlet.
GANTLET Gant"let, n.
Defn: A glove. See Gauntlet.
GANTLINE Gant"line`, n.
Defn: A line rigged to a mast; -- used in hoisting rigging; a girtline.
GANTLOPE Gant"lope`, n.
Defn: See Gantlet. [Obs.]
GANTRY Gan"try, n.
Defn: See Gauntree.
GANZA Gan"za, n. Etym: [Sp. gansa, ganso, goose; of Gothic origin. See Gannet, Goose.]
Defn: A kind of wild goose, by a flock of which a virtuoso was fabled to be carried to the lunar world. [Also gansa.] Johnson.
GANZ SYSTEM Ganz system
Defn: A haulage system for canal boats, in which an electric locomotive running on a monorail has its adhesion materially increased by the pull of the tow rope on a series of inclined gripping wheels.
GAOL Gaol, n. Etym: [See Jail.]
Defn: A place of confinement, especially for minor offenses or provisional imprisonment; a jail. [Preferably, and in the United States usually, written jail.] Commission of general gaol delivery, an authority conferred upon judges and others included in it, for trying and delivering every prisoner in jail when the judges, upon their circuit, arrive at the place for holding court, and for discharging any whom the grand jury fail to indict. [Eng.] -- Gaol delivery. (Law) See Jail delivery, under Jail.
GAOLER Gaol"er, n.
Defn: The keeper of a jail. See Jailer.
GAP Gap, n. Etym: [OE. gap; cf. Icel. gap an empty space, Sw. gap mouth, breach, abyss, Dan. gab mouth, opening, AS. geap expanse; as adj., wide, spacious. See Gape.]
Defn: An opening in anything made by breaking or parting; as, a gap in a fence; an opening for a passage or entrance; an opening which implies a breach or defect; a vacant space or time; a hiatus; a mountain pass. Miseries ensued by the opening of that gap. Knolles. It would make a great gap in your own honor. Shak. Gap lathe (Mach.), a turning lathe with a deep notch in the bed to admit of turning a short object of large diameter. -- To stand in the gap, to expose one's self for the protection of something; to make defense against any assailing danger; to take the place of a fallen defender or supporter. -- To stop a gap, to secure a weak point; to repair a defect.
GAP Gap, v. t.
1. To notch, as a sword or knife.
2. To make an opening in; to breach. Their masses are gapp'd with our grape. Tennyson.
GAPE Gape (; in Eng, commonly ; 277), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gaped ( or ); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaping] Etym: [OE. gapen, AS. geapan to open; akin to D. gapen to gape, G. gaffen, Icel. & Sw. gapa, Dan. gabe; cf. Skr. jabh to snap at, open the mouth. Cf. Gaby, Gap.]
1. To open the mouth wide; as: (a) Expressing a desire for food; as, young birds gape. Dryden. (b) Indicating sleepiness or indifference; to yawn. She stretches, gapes, unglues her eyes, And asks if it be time to rise. Swift. (c) Showing self-forgetfulness in surprise, astonishment, expectation, etc. With gaping wonderment had stared aghast. Byron. (d) Manifesting a desire to injure, devour, or overcome. They have gaped upon me with their mouth. Job xvi. 10.
2. To pen or part widely; to exhibit a gap, fissure, or hiatus. May that ground gape and swallow me alive! Shak.
3. To long, wait eagerly, or cry aloud for something; -- with for, after, or at. The hungry grave for her due tribute gapes. Denham.
Syn. -- To gaze; stare; yawn. See Gaze.
GAPE Gape, n.
1. The act of gaping; a yawn. Addison.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The width of the mouth when opened, as of birds, fishes, etc. GAPES; THE GAPES The gapes. (a) A fit of yawning. (b) A disease of young poultry and other birds, attended with much gaping. It is caused by a parasitic nematode worm (Syngamus trachealis), in the windpipe, which obstructs the breathing. See Gapeworm.
GAPER Gap"er, n.
1. One who gapes.
2. (Zoöl.) (a) A European fish. See 4th Comber. (b) A large edible clam (Schizothærus Nuttalli), of the Pacific coast; -- called also gaper clam. (c) An East Indian bird of the genus Cymbirhynchus, related to the broadbills.
GAPESEED Gape"seed`, n.
Defn: Any strange sight. Wright.
GAPESING Gapes"ing ( or ), n.
Defn: Act of gazing about; sightseeing. [Prov. Eng.]
GAPEWORM Gape"worm` ( or ), n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The parasitic worm that causes the gapes in birds. See Illustration in Appendix.
GAPINGSTOCK Gap"ing*stock` ( or ), n.
Defn: One who is an object of open-mouthed wonder. I was to be a gapingstock and a scorn to the young volunteers. Godwin.
GAP-TOOTHED Gap"-toothed`, a.
Defn: Having interstices between the teeth. Dryden.
GAR Gar, n. Etym: [Prob. AS. gar dart, spear, lance. The name is applied to the fish on account of its long and slender body and pointed head. Cf. Goad, Gore, v.] (Zoöl.) (a) Any slender marine fish of the genera Belone and Tylosurus. See Garfish. (b) The gar pike. See Alligator gar (under Alligator), and Gar pike. Gar pike, or Garpike (Zoöl.), a large, elongated ganoid fish of the genus Lepidosteus, of several species, inhabiting the lakes and rivers of temperate and tropical America.
GAR Gar, v. t. Etym: [Of Scand. origin. See Gear, n.]
Defn: To cause; to make. [Obs. or Scot.] Spenser.
GARAGE Ga`rage", n. [F.]
1. A place for housing automobiles.
2. (Aëronautics) A shed for housing an airship or flying machine; a hangar.
3. A side way or space in a canal to enable vessels to pass each other; a siding.
Garage is recent in English, and has as yet acquired no settled pronunciation.
GARAGE Ga`rage", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garaged; p. pr. & vb. n. Garaging.]
Defn: To keep in a garage. [Colloq.]
GARANCIN Gar"an*cin (; 104), n. Etym: [F. garance madder, LL. garantia.] (Chem.)
Defn: An extract of madder by sulphuric acid. It consists essentially of alizarin.
GARB Garb, n. Etym: [OF. garbe looks, countenance, grace, ornament, fr. OHG. garawi, garwi, ornament, dress. akin to E. gear. See Gear, n.]
1. (a) Clothing in general. (b) The whole dress or suit of clothes worn by any person, especially when indicating rank or office; as, the garb of a clergyman or a judge. (c) Costume; fashion; as, the garb of a gentleman in the 16th century.
2. External appearance, as expressive of the feelings or character; looks; fashion or manner, as of speech. You thought, because he could not speak English in the native garb, he could not therefore handle an English cudgel. Shak.
GARB Garb, n. Etym: [F. gerbe, OF. also garbe, OHG. garba, G. garbe; cf. Skr. grbh to seize, E. grab.] (Her.)
Defn: A sheaf of grain (wheat, unless otherwise specified).
GARB Garb, v. t.
Defn: To clothe; array; deck. These black dog-Dons Garb themselves bravely. Tennyson.
GARBAGE Gar"bage (; 48), n. Etym: [OE. also garbash, perh. orig., that which is purged or cleansed away; cf. OF. garber to make fine, neat, OHG. garawan to make ready, prepare, akin to E. garb dress; or perh. for garbleage, fr. garble; or cf. OF. garbage tax on sheaves, E. garb sheaf.]
Defn: Offal, as the bowels of an animal or fish; refuse animal or vegetable matter from a kitchen; hence, anything worthless, disgusting, or loathsome. Grainger.
GARBAGE Gar"bage, v. t.
Defn: To strip of the bowels; to clean. "Pilchards . . . are garbaged." Holland.
GARBED Garbed, a.
Defn: Dressed; habited; clad.
GARBEL Gar"bel, n. (Naut.)
Defn: Same as Garboard.
GARBEL Gar"bel, n. Etym: [Cf. Garble, v. t.]
Defn: Anything sifted, or from which the coarse parts have been taken. [Obs.]
GARBLE Gar"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Garbling.] Etym: [Formerly, to pick out, sort, OF. grabeler, for garbeler to examine precisely, garble spices, fr. LL. garbellare to sift; cf. Sp. garbillar to sift, garbillo a coarse sieve, L. cribellum, dim. of cribrum sieve, akin to cernere to separate, sift (cf. E. Discern); or perh. rather from Ar. gharbal, gharbil, sieve.]
1. To sift or bolt, to separate the fine or valuable parts of from the coarse and useless parts, or from dros or dirt; as, to garble spices. [Obs.]
2. To pick out such parts of as may serve a purpose; to mutilate; to pervert; as, to garble a quotation; to garble an account.
GARBLE Gar"ble, n.
1. Refuse; rubbish. [Obs.] Wolcott.
2. pl.
Defn: Impurities separated from spices, drugs, etc.; -- also called garblings.
GARBLER Gar"bler, n.
Defn: One who garbles.
GARBOARD Gar"board, n. (Naut.)
Defn: One of the planks next the keel on the outside, which form a garboard strake. Garboard strake or streak, the first range or strake of planks laid on a ship's bottom next the keel. Totten.
GARBOIL Gar"boil, n. Etym: [OF. garbouil; cf. Sp. garbullo, It. garbuglio; of uncertain origin; the last part is perh. fr. L. bullire to boil, E. boil.]
Defn: Tumult; disturbance; disorder. [Obs.] Shak.
GARCINIA Gar*cin"i*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of plants, including the mangosteen tree (Garcinia Mangostana), found in the islands of the Indian Archipelago; -- so called in honor of Dr. Garcin.
GARCON Gar`çon", n. [F.]
Defn: A boy; fellow; esp., a serving boy or man; a waiter; -- in Eng. chiefly applied to French waiters.
GARD Gard, n. Etym: [See Garde, Yard]
Defn: Garden. [Obs.] "Trees of the gard." F. Beaumont.
GARD Gard, v. & n.
Defn: See Guard.
GARDANT Gar"dant, a. Etym: [F. See Guardant.] (Her.)
Defn: Turning the head towards the spectator, but not the body; -- said of a lion or other beast.
GARDE CIVIQUE Garde` ci`vique". [F.]
Defn: See Army organization, above.
GARDEN Gar"den, n. Etym: [OE. gardin, OF. gardin, jardin, F. jardin, of German origin; cf. OHG. garto, G. garten; akin to AS. geard. See Yard an inclosure.]
1. A piece of ground appropriates to the cultivation of herbs, fruits, flowers, or vegetables.
2. A rich, well-cultivated spot or tract of country. I am arrived from fruitful Lombardy, The pleasant garden of great Italy. Shak.
Note: Garden is often used adjectively or in self-explaining compounds; as, garden flowers, garden tools, garden walk, garden wall, garden house or gardenhouse. Garden balsam, an ornamental plant (Impatiens Balsamina). -- Garden engine, a wheelbarrow tank and pump for watering gardens. -- Garden glass. (a) A bell glass for covering plants. (b) A globe of dark-colored glass, mounted on a pedestal, to reflect surrounding objects; -- much used as an ornament in gardens in Germany. -- Garden house (a) A summer house. Beau & Fl. (b) A privy. [Southern U.S.] -- Garden husbandry, the raising on a small scale of seeds, fruits, vegetables, etc., for sale. -- Garden mold or mould, rich, mellow earth which is fit for a garden. Mortimer. -- Garden nail, a cast nail used, for fastening vines to brick walls. Knight. -- Garden net, a net for covering fruits trees, vines, etc., to protect them from birds. -- Garden party, a social party held out of doors, within the grounds or garden attached to a private residence. -- Garden plot, a plot appropriated to a garden. Garden pot, a watering pot. -- Garden pump, a garden engine; a barrow pump. -- Garden shears, large shears, for clipping trees and hedges, pruning, etc. -- Garden spider, (Zoöl.), the diadem spider (Epeira diadema), common in gardens, both in Europe and America. It spins a geometrical web. See Geometric spider, and Spider web. -- Garden stand, a stand for flower pots. -- Garden stuff, vegetables raised in a garden. [Colloq.] -- Garden syringe, a syringe for watering plants, sprinkling them with solutions for destroying insects, etc. -- Garden truck, vegetables raised for the market. [Colloq.] -- Garden ware, garden truck. [Obs.] Mortimer. -- Bear garden, Botanic garden, etc. See under Bear, etc. -- Hanging garden. See under Hanging. -- Kitchen garden, a garden where vegetables are cultivated for household use. -- Market garden, a piece of ground where vegetable are cultivated to be sold in the markets for table use.
GARDEN Gar"den, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gardened; p. pr. & vb. n. Gardening.]
Defn: To lay out or cultivate a garden; to labor in a garden; to practice horticulture.
GARDEN Gar"den, v. t.
Defn: To cultivate as a garden.
GARDENER Gar"den*er, n.
Defn: One who makes and tends a garden; a horticulturist.
GARDENIA Garde"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of plants, some species of which produce beautiful and fragrant flowers; Cape jasmine; -- so called in honor of Dr. Alexander Garden.
GARDENING Gar"den*ing, n.
Defn: The art of occupation of laying out and cultivating gardens; horticulture.
GARDENLESS Gar"den*less, a.
Defn: Destitute of a garden. Shelley.
GARDENLY Gar"den*ly, a.
Defn: Like a garden. [R.] W. Marshall.
GARDENSHIP Gar"den*ship, n.
Defn: Horticulture. [Obs.]
GARDON Gar"don, n. Etym: [F] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A European cyprinoid fish; the id.
GARDYLOO Gar`dy*loo", n. Etym: [F. gare l'eau beware of the water.]
Defn: An old cry in throwing water, slops, etc., from the windows in Edingburgh. Sir. W. Scott.
GARE Gare, n. Etym: [Cf. Gear.]
Defn: Coarse wool on the legs of sheep. Blount.
GAREFOWL Gare"fowl`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The great auk; also, the razorbill. See Auk. [Written also gairfowl, and gurfel.]
GARFISH Gar"fish`, n. Etym: [See Gar, n.] (Zoöl.) (a) A European marine fish (Belone vulgaris); -- called also gar, gerrick, greenback, greenbone, gorebill, hornfish, longnose, mackerel guide, sea needle, and sea pike. (b) One of several species of similar fishes of the genus Tylosurus, of which one species (T. marinus) is common on the Atlantic coast. T. Caribbæus, a very large species, and T. crassus, are more southern; - - called also needlefish. Many of the common names of the European garfish are also applied to the American species.
GARGALIZE Gar"ga*lize, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Gargle, Gargarize.]
Defn: To gargle; to rinse. [Obs.] Marston.
GARGANEY Gar"ga*ney, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A small European duck (Anas querquedula); -- called also cricket teal, and summer teal.
GARGANTUAN Gar*gan"tu*an, a. Etym: [From Gargantua, an allegorical hero of Rabelais.]
Defn: Characteristic of Gargantua, a gigantic, wonderful personage; enormous; prodigious; inordinate.
GARGARISM Gar"ga*rism, n. Etym: [F. gargarisme, L. gargarisma. See Gargarize.] (Med.)
Defn: A gargle.
GARGARIZE Gar"ga*rize, v. t. Etym: [F. gargarizare, fr. Gr.
Defn: To gargle; to rinse or wash, as the mouth and throat. [Obs.] Bacon.
GARGET Garget, n. Etym: [OE. garget, gargate, throat, OF. gargate. Cf. Gorge. The etymol. of senses 2, 3, & 4 is not certain.]
1. The throat. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. A diseased condition of the udders of cows, etc., arising from an inflammation of the mammary glands.
3. A distemper in hogs, indicated by staggering and loss of appetite. Youatt.
4. (Bot.)
Defn: See Poke.
GARGIL Gar"gil, n. Etym: [Cf. Garget, Gargoyle.]
Defn: A distemper in geese, affecting the head.
GARGLE Gar"gle, n. (Arch.)
Defn: See Gargoyle.
GARGLE Gar"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garggled, p. pr. & vb. n. Gargling ( Etym: [F. gargouiller to dabble, paddle, gargle. Cf. Gargoyle, Gurgle.]
1. To wash or rinse, as the mouth or throat, particular the latter, agitating the liquid (water or a medicinal preparation) by an expulsion of air from the lungs.
2. To warble; to sing as if gargling [Obs.] Waller.
GARGLE Gar"gle, n.
Defn: A liquid, as water or some medicated preparation, used to cleanse the mouth and throat, especially for a medical effect.
GARGOL Gar"gol, n. Etym: [Cf. Gargil.]
Defn: A distemper in swine; garget. Mortimer.
GARGOULETTE Gar`gou*lette", n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: A water cooler or jug with a handle and spout; a gurglet. Mollett.
GARGOYLE Gar"goyle, n. Etym: [OE. garguilie, gargouille, cf. Sp. gárgola, prob. fr. the same source as F. gorge throat, influenced by L. gargarizare to gargle. See Gorge and cf. Gargle, Gargarize.] (Arch.)
Defn: A spout projecting from the roof gutter of a building, often carved grotesquely. [Written also gargle, gargyle, and gurgoyle.]
GARGYLE Gar"gyle, n. (Arch.)
Defn: See Gargoyle.
GARIBALDI Ga`ri*bal"di, n.
1. A jacket worn by women; -- so called from its resemblance in shape to the red shirt worn by the Italians patriot Garibaldi.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A California market fish (Pomancentrus rubicundus) of a deep scarlet color.
GARISH Gar"ish, a. Etym: [Cf. OE. gauren to stare; of uncertain origin. Cf. gairish.]
1. Showy; dazzling; ostentatious; attracting or exciting attention. "The garish sun." "A garish flag." Shak. "In . . . garish colors." Asham. "The garish day." J. H. Newman. Garish like the laughters of drunkenness. Jer. Taylor.
2. Gay to extravagance; flighty. It makes the mind loose and garish. South. -- Gar"ish*ly, adv. -- Garish*ness, n. Jer. Taylor.
GARLAND Gar"land, n. Etym: [OE. garland, gerlond, OF. garlande, F. guirlande; of uncertain origin; cf. OHG. wiara, wiera, crown, pure gold, MHG. wieren to adorn.]
1. The crown of a king. [Obs.] Graffon.
2. A wreath of chaplet made of branches, flowers, or feathers, and sometimes of precious stones, to be worn on the head like a crown; a coronal; a wreath. Pope.
3. The top; the thing most prized. Shak.
4. A book of extracts in prose or poetry; an anthology. They [ballads] began to be collected into little miscellanies under the name of garlands. Percy.
5. (Naut.) (a) A sort of netted bag used by sailors to keep provision in. (b) A grommet or ring of rope lashed to a spar for convenience in handling.
GARLAND Gar"land, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garlanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Garlanding.]
Defn: To deck with a garland. B. Jonson.
GARLANDLESS Gar"land*less, a.
Defn: Destitute of a garland. Shelley.
GARLIC Gar"lic, n. Etym: [OE. garlek, AS. garleác; gar spear, lance + leác leek. See Gar, n., and Leek.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A plant of the genus Allium (A. sativum is the cultivated variety), having a bulbous root, a very strong smell, and an acrid, pungent taste. Each root is composed of several lesser bulbs, called cloves of garlic, inclosed in a common membranous coat, and easily separable.
2. A kind of jig or farce. [Obs.] Taylor (1630). Garlic mustard, a European plant of the Mustard family (Alliaria officinalis) which has a strong smell of garlic. -- Garlic pear tree, a tree in Jamaica (Cratæva gynandra), bearing a fruit which has a strong scent of garlic, and a burning taste.
GARLICKY Gar"lick*y, a.
Defn: Like or containing garlic.
GARMENT Gar"ment, n. Etym: [OE. garnement, OF. garnement, garniment, fr. garnir to garnish. See Garnish.]
Defn: Any article of clothing, as a coat, a gown, etc. No man putteth a piece of new cloth unto old garment. Matt. ix. 16.
GARMENTED Gar"ment*ed, p. a.
Defn: Having on a garment; attired; enveloped, as with a garment. [Poetic] A lovely lady garmented in light From her own beauty. Shelley.
GARMENTURE Gar"men*ture, n.
Defn: Clothing; dress.
GARNER Gar"ner, n. Etym: [OE. garner, gerner, greiner, OF. gernier, grenier, F. grenier, fr. L. granarium, fr. granum. See 1st Grain, and cf. Granary.]
Defn: A granary; a building or place where grain is stored for preservation.
GARNER Gar"ner, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnered; p. pr. & vb. n. Garnering.]
Defn: To gather for preservation; to store, as in a granary; to treasure. Shak.
GARNET Gar"net, n. Etym: [OE. gernet, grenat, OF. grenet,grenat, F. grenat, LL. granatus, fr. L. granatum pomegranate, granatus having many grains or seeds, fr. granum grain, seed. So called from its resemblance in color and shape to the grains or seeds of the pomegranate. See Grain, and cf. Grenade, Pomegranate.] (Min.)
Defn: A mineral having many varieties differing in color and in their constituents, but with the same crystallization (isometric), and conforming to the same general chemical formula. The commonest color is red, the luster is vitreous, and the hardness greater than that of quartz. The dodecahedron and trapezohedron are the common forms.
Note: There are also white, green, yellow, brown, and black varieties. The garnet is a silicate, the bases being aluminia lime (grossularite, essonite, or cinnamon stone), or aluminia magnesia (pyrope), or aluminia iron (almandine), or aluminia manganese (spessartite), or iron lime (common garnet, melanite, allochroite), or chromium lime (ouvarovite, color emerald green). The transparent red varieties are used as gems. The garnet was, in part, the carbuncle of the ancients. Garnet is a very common mineral in gneiss and mica slate. Garnet berry (Bot.), the red currant; -- so called from its transparent red color. -- Garnet brown (Chem.), an artificial dyestuff, produced as an explosive brown crystalline substance with a green or golden luster. It consists of the potassium salt of a complex cyanogen derivative of picric acid.
GARNET Gar"net, n. Etym: [Etymol. unknown.] (Naut.)
Defn: A tackle for hoisting cargo in our out. Clew garnet. See under Clew.
GARNETIFEROUS Gar`net*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [1st garnet + -ferous.] (Min.)
Defn: Containing garnets.
GARNIERITE Gar"ni*er*ite, n. Etym: [Named after the French geologist Garnier.] (Min.)
Defn: An amorphous mineral of apple-green color; a hydrous silicate of nickel and magnesia. It is an important ore of nickel.
GARNISH Gar"nish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnished; p. pr. & vb. n. Garnishing.] Etym: [OE. garnischen, garnissen, OF. garnir to provide, strengthen, prepare, garnish, warn, F. garnir to provide, furnish, garnish, -- of German origin; cf. OHG. warnon to provide, equip; akin to G. wahren to watch, E. aware, ware, wary, and cf. also E. warn. See Wary, -ish, and cf. Garment, Garrison.]
1. To decorate with ornamental appendages; to set off; to adorn; to embellish. All within with flowers was garnished. Spenser.
2. (Cookery)
Defn: To ornament, as a dish, with something laid about it; as, a dish garnished with parsley.
3. To furnish; to supply.
4. To fit with fetters. [Cant] Johnson.
5. (Law)
Defn: To warn by garnishment; to give notice to; to garnishee. See Garnishee, v. t. Cowell.
GARNISH Gar"nish, n.
1. Something added for embellishment; decoration; ornament; also, dress; garments, especially such as are showy or decorated. So are you, sweet, Even in the lovely garnish of a boy. Shak. Matter and figure they produce; For garnish this, and that for use. Prior.
2. (Cookery)
Defn: Something set round or upon a dish as an embellishment. See Garnish, v. t., 2. Smart.
3. Fetters. [Cant]
4. A fee; specifically, in English jails, formerly an unauthorized fee demanded by the old prisoners of a newcomer. [Cant] Fielding. Garnish bolt (Carp.), a bolt with a chamfered or faceted head. Knight.
GARNISHEE Gar`nish*ee", n. (Law)
Defn: One who is garnished; a person upon whom garnishment has been served in a suit by a creditor against a debtor, such person holding property belonging to the debtor, or owing him money.
Note: The order by which warning is made is called a garnishee order.
GARNISHEE Gar`nish*ee", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnisheed (-ed); p. pr. & vb. n. Garnisheeing.] (Law) (a) To make (a person) a garnishee; to warn by garnishment; to garnish. (b) To attach (the fund or property sought to be secured by garnishment); to trustee.
GARNISHER Gar"nish*er, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, garnishes.
GARNISHMENT Gar"nish*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. garnissement protection, guarantee, warning.]
1. Ornament; embellishment; decoration. Sir H. Wotton.
2. (Law) (a) Warning, or legal notice, to one to appear and give information to the court on any matter. (b) Warning to a person in whose hands the effects of another are attached, not to pay the money or deliver the goods to the defendant, but to appear in court and give information as garnishee.
3. A fee. See Garnish, n., 4.
GARNITURE Gar"ni*ture, n. Etym: [F. garniture. See Garnish, v. t.]
Defn: That which garnishes; ornamental appendage; embellishment; furniture; dress. The pomp of groves and garniture of fields. Beattie.
GAROOKUH Ga*roo"kuh, n.
Defn: A small fishing vessel met with in the Persian Gulf.
GAROUS Ga"rous, a. Etym: [From Garum.]
Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, garum. Sir T. Browne.
GAR PIKE; GARPIKE Gar" pike` or; Gar"pike`. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See under Gar.
GARRAN Gar"ran, n. Etym: [Gael. garrán, gearrán, gelding, work horse, hack.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Galloway. [Scot. garron or gerron. Jamieson.]
GARRET Gar"ret, n. Etym: [OE. garite, garette, watchtower, place of lookout, OF. garite, also meaning, a place of refuge, F. guérite a place of refuge, donjon, sentinel box, fr. OF. garir to preserve, save, defend, F. guérir to cure; of German origin; cf. OHG. werian to protect, defend, hinder, G. wehren, akin to Goth. warjan to hinder, and akin to E. weir, or perhaps to wary. See Weir, and cf. Guerite.]
1. A turret; a watchtower. [Obs.] He saw men go up and down on the garrets of the gates and walls. Ld. Berners.
2. That part of a house which is on the upper floor, immediately under or within the roof; an attic. The tottering garrets which overhung the streets of Rome. Macaulay.
GARRETED Gar"ret*ed, a.
Defn: Protected by turrets. [Obs.] R. Carew.
GARRETEER Gar`ret*eer", n.
Defn: One who lives in a garret; a poor author; a literary hack. Macaulay.
GARRETING Gar"ret*ing, n.
Defn: Small splinters of stone inserted into the joints of coarse masonry. Weale.
GARRISON Gar"ri*son, n. Etym: [OE. garnisoun, F. garnison garrison, in OF. & OE. also, provision, munitions, from garnir to garnish. See Garnish.] (Mil.) (a) A body of troops stationed in a fort or fortified town. (b) A fortified place, in which troops are quartered for its security. In garrison, in the condition of a garrison; doing duty in a fort or as one of a garrison.
GARRISON Gar"ri*son, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garrisoned; p. pr. & vb. n. Garrisoning.] (Mil.) (a) To place troops in, as a fortification, for its defense; to furnish with soldiers; as, to garrison a fort or town. (b) To secure or defend by fortresses manned with troops; as, to garrison a conquered territory.
GARRON Gar"ron, n.
Defn: Same as Garran. [Scot.]
GARROT Gar"rot, n. Etym: [F. Cf. Garrote.] (Surg.)
Defn: A stick or small wooden cylinder used for tightening a bandage, in order to compress the arteries of a limb.
GARROT Gar"rot, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The European golden-eye.
GARROTE Gar*rote", n. Etym: [Sp. garrote, from garra claw, talon, of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. & W. gar leg, ham, shank. Cf. Garrot stick, Garter.]
Defn: A Spanish mode of execution by strangulation, with an iron collar affixed to a post and tightened by a screw until life become extinct; also, the instrument by means of which the punishment is inflicted.
GARROTE Gar*rote", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garroted; p. pr. & vb. n. Garroting.]
Defn: To strangle with the garrote; hence, to seize by the throat, from behind, with a view to strangle and rob.
GARROTER Gar*rot"er, n.
Defn: One who seizes a person by the throat from behind, with a view to strangle and rob him.
GARRULITY Gar*ru"li*ty, n. Etym: [L. garrulitas: cf. F. garrulité.]
Defn: Talkativeness; loquacity.
GARRULOUS Gar"ru*lous, a. Etym: [L. garrulus, fr. garrire to chatter, talk; cf. Gr. Call.]
1. Talking much, especially about commonplace or trivial things; talkative; loquacious. The most garrulous people on earth. De Quincey.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having a loud, harsh note; noisy; -- said of birds; as, the garrulous roller.
Syn. -- Garrulous, Talkative, Loquacious. A garrulous person indulges in long, prosy talk, with frequent repetitions and lengthened details; talkative implies simply a great desire to talk; and loquacious a great flow of words at command. A child is talkative; a lively woman is loquacious; an old man in his dotage is garrulous. -- Gar"ru*lous*ly, adv. -- Gar"ru*lous*ness, n.
GARRUPA Gar*ru"pa, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. Pg. garupa crupper. Cf. Grouper the fish.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of several species of California market fishes, of the genus Sebastichthys; -- called also rockfish. See Rockfish.
GARTER Gar"ter, n. Etym: [OE. gartier, F. jarretière, fr. OF. garet bend of the knee, F. jarret; akin to Sp. garra claw, Prov. garra leg. See Garrote.]
1. A band used to prevent a stocking from slipping down on the leg.
2. The distinguishing badge of the highest order of knighthood in Great Britain, called the Order of the Garter, instituted by Edward III.; also, the Order itself.
3. (Her.)
Defn: Same as Bendlet. Garter fish (Zoöl.), a fish of the genus Lepidopus, having a long, flat body, like the blade of a sword; the scabbard fish. -- Garter king-at-arms, the chief of the official heralds of England, king-at-arms to the Order of the Garter; -- often abbreviated to Garter. -- Garter snake (Zoöl.), one of several harmless American snakes of the genus Eutænia, of several species (esp. E. saurita and E. sirtalis); one of the striped snakes; -- so called from its conspicuous stripes of color.
GARTER Gar"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gartered; p. pr. & vb. n. Gartering.]
1. To bind with a garter. He . . . could not see to garter his hose. Shak.
2. To invest with the Order of the Garter. T. Warton.
GARTER STITCH Garter stitch.
Defn: The simplest stitch in knitting.
GARTH Garth, n. Etym: [Icel. gar yard. See Yard.]
1. A close; a yard; a croft; a garden; as, a cloister garth. A clapper clapping in a garth To scare the fowl from fruit. Tennyson.
2. A dam or weir for catching fish.
GARTH Garth, n. Etym: [Girth.]
Defn: A hoop or band. [Prov. Eng.]
GARUM Ga"rum, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.
Defn: A sauce made of small fish. It was prized by the ancients.
GARVIE Gar"vie, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The spart; -- called also garvie herring, and garvock. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
GAS Gas, n.; pl. Gases. Etym: [Invented by the chemist Van Helmont of Brussels, who died in 1644.]
1. An aëriform fluid; -- a term used at first by chemists as synonymous with air, but since restricted to fluids supposed to be permanently elastic, as oxygen, hydrogen, etc., in distinction from vapors, as steam, which become liquid on a reduction of temperature. In present usage, since all of the supposed permanent gases have been liquified by cold and pressure, the term has resumed nearly its original signification, and is applied to any substance in the elastic or aëriform state.
2. (Popular Usage) (a) A complex mixture of gases, of which the most important constituents are marsh gas, olefiant gas, and hydrogen, artificially produced by the destructive distillation of gas coal, or sometimes of peat, wood, oil, resin, etc. It gives a brilliant light when burned, and is the common gas used for illuminating purposes. (b) Laughing gas. (c) Any irrespirable aëriform fluid.
Note: Gas is often used adjectively or in combination; as, gas fitter or gasfitter; gas meter or gas-meter, etc. Air gas (Chem.), a kind of gas made by forcing air through some volatile hydrocarbon, as the lighter petroleums. The air is so saturated with combustible vapor as to be a convenient illuminating and heating agent. -- Gas battery (Elec.), a form of voltaic battery, in which gases, especially hydrogen and oxygen, are the active agents. -- Gas carbon, Gas coke, etc. See under Carbon, Coke, etc. -- Gas coal, a bituminous or hydrogenous coal yielding a high percentage of volatile matters, and therefore available for the manufacture of illuminating gas. R. W. Raymond. -- Gas engine, an engine in which the motion of the piston is produced by the combustion or sudden production or expansion of gas; -- especially, an engine in which an explosive mixture of gas and air is forced into the working cylinder and ignited there by a gas flame or an electric spark. -- Gas fitter, one who lays pipes and puts up fixtures for gas. -- Gas fitting. (a) The occupation of a gas fitter. (b) pl. The appliances needed for the introduction of gas into a building, as meters, pipes, burners, etc. -- Gas fixture, a device for conveying illuminating or combustible gas from the pipe to the gas-burner, consisting of an appendage of cast, wrought, or drawn metal, with tubes upon which the burners, keys, etc., are adjusted. -- Gas generator, an apparatus in which gas is evolved; as: (a) a retort in which volatile hydrocarbons are evolved by heat; (b) a machine in which air is saturated with the vapor of liquid hydrocarbon; a carburetor; (c) a machine for the production of carbonic acid gas, for aërating water, bread, etc. Knight. -- Gas jet, a flame of illuminating gas. -- Gas machine, an apparatus for carbureting air for use as illuminating gas. -- Gas meter, an instrument for recording the quantity of gas consumed in a given time, at a particular place. -- Gas retort, a retort which contains the coal and other materials, and in which the gas is generated, in the manufacture of gas. -- Gas stove, a stove for cooking or other purposes, heated by gas. -- Gas tar, coal tar. -- Gas trap, a drain trap; a sewer trap. See 4th Trap, 5. -- Gas washer (Gas Works), an apparatus within which gas from the condenser is brought in contact with a falling stream of water, to precipitate the tar remaining in it. Knight. -- Gas water, water through which gas has been passed for purification; -- called also gas liquor and ammoniacal water, and used for the manufacture of sal ammoniac, carbonate of ammonia, and Prussian blue. Tomlinson. -- Gas well, a deep boring, from which natural gas is discharged. Raymond. -- Gas works, a manufactory of gas, with all the machinery and appurtenances; a place where gas is generated for lighting cities. -- Laughing gas. See under Laughing. -- Marsh gas (Chem.), a light, combustible, gaseous hydrocarbon, CH4, produced artificially by the dry distillation of many organic substances, and occurring as a natural product of decomposition in stagnant pools, whence its name. It is an abundant ingredient of ordinary illuminating gas, and is the first member of the paraffin series. Called also methane, and in coal mines, fire damp. -- Natural gas, gas obtained from wells, etc., in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and elsewhere, and largely used for fuel and illuminating purposes. It is chiefly derived from the Coal Measures. -- Olefiant gas (Chem.). See Ethylene. -- Water gas (Chem.), a kind of gas made by forcing steam over glowing coals, whereby there results a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This gives a gas of intense heating power, but destitute of light-giving properties, and which is charged by passing through some volatile hydrocarbon, as gasoline.synthesis gas
GASALIER Gas`a*lier", n. Etym: [Formed from gas, in imitation of chandelier.]
Defn: A chandelier arranged to burn gas.
GAS-BURNER Gas"-burn`er, n.
Defn: The jet piece of a gas fixture where the gas is burned as it escapes from one or more minute orifices.
GASCOINES Gas"coines, n. pl.
Defn: See Gaskins, 1. Lyly.
GASCON Gas"con (; F. ), a. Etym: [F.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to Gascony, in France, or to the Gascons; also, braggart; swaggering. -- n.
Defn: A native of Gascony; a boaster; a bully. See Gasconade.
GASCONADE Gas`con*ade", n. Etym: [F. gasconnade, from Gascon an inhabitant of Gascony, the people of which were noted for boasting.]
Defn: A boast or boasting; a vaunt; a bravado; a bragging; braggodocio. Swift.
GASCONADE Gas`con*ade", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gasconaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gasconading.]
Defn: To boast; to brag; to bluster.
GASCONADER Gas`con*ad"er, n.
Defn: A great boaster; a blusterer.
GASCOYNES Gas"coynes, n. pl.
Defn: Gaskins. Beau & Fl.
GASEITY Gas*e"i*ty ( or ), n.
Defn: State of being gaseous. [R] Eng. Cyc.
GASELIER Gas`e*lier", n. [Formed from gas, in imitation of chandelier.]
Defn: A chandelier arranged to burn gas.
GAS ENGINE Gas engine. (Mach.)
Defn: A kind of internal-combustion engine (which see) using fixed gas; also, broadly, any internal-combustion engine.
GASEOUS Gas"e*ous ( or ; 277), a. Etym: [From Gas. Cf. F. gazeux.]
1. In the form, or of the nature, of gas, or of an aëriform fluid.
2. Lacking substance or solidity; tenuous. "Unconnected, gaseous information." Sir J. Stephen.
GASH Gash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gashing.] Etym: [For older garth or garse, OF. garser to scarify, F. gercer to chap, perh. from an assumed LL. carptiare, fr. L. carpere, carptum, to pluck, separate into parts; cf. LL. carptare to wound. Cf. Carpet.]
Defn: To make a gash, or long, deep incision in; -- applied chiefly to incisions in flesh. Grievously gashed or gored to death. Hayward.
GASH Gash, n.
Defn: A deep and long cut; an incision of considerable length and depth, particularly in flesh.
GASHFUL Gash"ful, a.
Defn: Full of gashes; hideous; frightful. [Obs.] "A gashful, horrid, ugly shape." Gayton.
GASIFICATION Gas`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [See Gasify.]
Defn: The act or process of converting into gas.
GASIFORM Gas"i*form, a.
Defn: Having a form of gas; gaseous.
GASIFY Gas"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gasified; p. pr. & vb. n. Gasifying.] Etym: [Gas + -fy.]
Defn: To convert into gas, or an aëriform fluid, as by the application of heat, or by chemical processes.
GASIFY Gas"i*fy, v. i.
Defn: To become gas; to pass from a liquid to a gaseous state. Scientific American.
GASKET Gas"ket, n. Etym: [Cf. F. garcette, It. gaschetta, Sp. cajeta caburn, garceta reef point.]
1. (Naut.)
Defn: A line or band used to lash a furled sail securely. Sea gaskets are common lines; harbor gaskets are plaited and decorated lines or bands. Called also casket.
2. (Mech.) (a) The plaited hemp used for packing a piston, as of the steam engine and its pumps. (b) Any ring or washer of packing.
GASKINS Gas"kins, n.pl. Etym: [Cf. Galligaskins.]
1. Loose hose or breeches; galligaskins. [Obs.] Shak.
2. Packing of hemp. Simmonds.
3. A horse's thighs. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.
GASLIGHT Gas"light`, n.
1. The light yielded by the combustion of illuminating gas.
2. A gas jet or burner.
GASOGEN Gas"o*gen, n. Etym: [Gas + -gen.]
1. An apparatus for the generation of gases, or for impregnating a liquid with a gas, or a gas with a volatile liquid.
2. A volatile hydrocarbon, used as an illuminant, or for charging illuminating gas.
GASOLENE Gas`o*lene, n.
Defn: See Gasoline.
GASOLIER Gas`o*lier", n.
Defn: Same as Gasalier.
GASOLINE Gas"o*line ( or ; 104), n.
Defn: A highly volatile mixture of fluid hydrocarbons, obtained from petroleum, as also by the distillation of bituminous coal. It is used in making air gas, and in giving illuminating power to water gas. See Carburetor.
GASOLINE ENGINE; GASOLENE ENGINE Gas"o*line, or Gas"o*lene, en"gine . (Mach.)
Defn: A kind of internal-combustion engine; -- in British countries called usually petrol engine.
GASOMETER Gas*om"e*ter ( or ), n. Etym: [Gas + -meter. Cf. F. gazomètre.]
Defn: An apparatus for holding and measuring of gas; in gas works, a huge iron cylinder closed at one end and having the other end immersed in water, in which it is made to rise or fall, according to the volume of gas it contains, or the pressure required.
GASOMETRIC; GASOMETRICAL Gas`o*met"ric or; Gas`o*met"ric*al, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to the measurement of gases; as, gasometric analysis.
GASOMETRY Gas*om"e*try ( or ), n.
Defn: The art or practice of measuring gases; also, the science which treats of the nature and properties of these elastic fluids. Coxe.
GASOSCOPE Gas"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gas + -scope.]
Defn: An apparatus for detecting the presence of any dangerous gas, from a gas leak in a coal mine or a dwelling house.
GASP Gasp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gasped; p. pr. & vb. n. Gasping.] Etym: [OE. gaspen, gaispen, to yawn, gasp, Icel. geispa to yawn; akin to Sw. gäspa, Dan. gispe to gasp.]
1. To open the mouth wide in catching the breath, or in laborious respiration; to labor for breath; to respire convulsively; to pant violently. She gasps and struggles hard for life. Lloyd.
2. To pant with eagerness; to show vehement desire. Quenching the gasping furrows' thirst with rain. Spenser.
GASP Gasp, v. t.
Defn: To emit or utter with gasps; -- with forth, out, away, etc. And with short sobs he gasps away his breath. Dryden.
GASP Gasp, n.
Defn: The act of opening the mouth convulsively to catch the breath; a labored respiration; a painful catching of the breath. At the last gasp, at the point of death. Addison.
GASPEREAU Gas"per*eau, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The alewife. [Local, Canada]
GASSERIAN Gas*se"ri*an, a.
Defn: Relating to Casserio (L. Gasserius), the discover of the Gasserian ganglion. Gasserian ganglion (Anat.), a large ganglion, at the root of the trigeminal, or fifth cranial, nerve.
GASSING Gas"sing, n.
1. (Manuf.)
Defn: The process of passing cotton goods between two rollers and exposing them to numerous minute jets of gas to burn off the small fibers; any similar process of singeing.
2. Boasting; insincere or empty talk. [Slang]
GASSY Gas"sy, a.
Defn: Full of gas; like gas. Hence: [Colloq.] Inflated; full of boastful or insincere talk.
GAST Gast, v. t. Etym: [OE. gasten, g to frighten, akin to Goth. usgaisjan. See Aghast, Ghastly, and cf. Gaze.]
Defn: To make aghast; to frighten; to terrify. See Aghast. [Obs.] Chaucer. Shak.
GASTER Gast"er, v. t.
Defn: To gast. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
GASTEROMYCETES Gas`te*ro*my*ce"tes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: An order of fungi, in which the spores are borne inside a sac called the peridium, as in the puffballs.
GASTEROPOD Gas"ter*o*pod, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Same as Gastropod.
GASTEROPODA Gas`te*rop`o*da, n. pl. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Same as Gastropoda.
GASTEROPODOUS Gas`ter*op"o*dous, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Same as Gastropodous.
GASTFUL; GASTLY Gast"ful, Gast"ly (, a. [Obs.]
Defn: See Ghastful, Ghastly.
GASTIGHT Gas"tight`, a.
Defn: So tightly fitted as to preclude the escape of gas; impervious to gas.
GASTNESS Gast"ness, n.
Defn: See Ghastness. [Obs.]
GASTORNIS Gas*tor"nis, n. Etym: [NL., from Gaston M. Plante, the discover + Gr. (Paleon.)
Defn: A genus of large eocene birds from the Paris basin.
GASTRAEA Gas*træ"a, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Biol.)
Defn: A primeval larval form; a double-walled sac from which, according to the hypothesis of Haeckel, man and all other animals, that in the first stages of their individual evolution pass through a two-layered structural stage, or gastrula form, must have descended. This idea constitutes the Gastræa theory of Haeckel. See Gastrula.
GASTRALGIA Gas*tral"gi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)
Defn: Pain in the stomach or epigastrium, as in gastric disorders.
GASTRIC Gas"tric, a. Etym: [Gr. gastrique.]
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or situated near, the stomach; as, the gastric artery. Gastric digestion (Physiol.), the conversion of the albuminous portion of food in the stomach into soluble and diffusible products by the solvent action of gastric juice. -- Gastric fever (Med.), a fever attended with prominent gastric symptoms; -- a name applied to certain forms of typhoid fever; also, to catarrhal inflammation of the stomach attended with fever. -- Gastric juice (Physiol.), a thin, watery fluid, with an acid reaction, secreted by a peculiar set of glands contained in the mucous membrane of the stomach. It consists mainly of dilute hydrochloric acid and the ferment pepsin. It is the most important digestive fluid in the body, but acts only on proteid foods. -- Gastric remittent fever (Med.), a form of remittent fever with pronounced stomach symptoms.
GASTRILOQUIST Gas*tril"o*quist, n. Etym: [Gr. gasth`r, gastro`s, stomach + L. loqui to speak.]
Defn: One who appears to speak from his stomach; a ventriloquist.
GASTRILOQUOUS Gas*tril"o*quous, a.
Defn: Ventriloquous. [R.]
GASTRILOQUY Gas*tril"o*quy, n.
Defn: A voice or utterance which appears to proceed from the stomach; ventriloquy.
GASTRITIS Gas*tri"tis, n. Etym: [NL., from. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)
Defn: Inflammation of the stomach, esp. of its mucuos membrane.
GASTRO- Gas"tro-.
Defn: A combining form from the Gr. gastrocolic, gastrocele, gastrotomy.
GASTROCNEMIUS Gas`troc*ne"mi*us, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Anat.)
Defn: The muscle which makes the greater part of the calf of the leg.
GASTROCOLIC Gas`tro*col"ic, a. Etym: [Gastro- + colic.] (Anat.)
Defn: Pertaining to both the stomach and the colon; as, the gastrocolic, or great, omentum.
GASTRODISC Gas`tro*disc, n. Etym: [Gastro- + disc.] (Biol.)
Defn: That part of blastoderm where the hypoblast appears like a small disk on the inner face of the epibladst.
GASTRODUODENAL Gas`tro*du"o*de"nal, a. Etym: [Gastro- + -duodenal.] (Anat.)
Defn: Pertaining to the stomach and duodenum; as, the gastroduodenal artery.
GASTRODUODENITIS Gas`tro*du`o*de*ni"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Gastroduodenal, and -itis.] (Med.)
Defn: Inflammation of the stomach and duodenum. It is one of the most frequent causes of jaundice.
GASTROELYTROTOMY Gas`tro*el`y*trot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gastro- + Gr (Surg.)
Defn: The operation of cutting into the upper part of the vagina, through the abdomen (without opening the peritoneum), for the purpose of removing a fetus. It is a substitute for the Cæsarean operation, and less dangerous.
GASTROENTERIC Gas`tro*en*te"ric, a. Etym: [Gastro- + -enteric.] (Anat. & Med.)
Defn: Gastrointestinal.
GASTROENTERITIS Gas`tro*en`te*ri"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Gastroenrteric, and -itis.] (Med.)
Defn: Inflammation of the lining membrane of the stomach and the intestines.
GASTROEPIPLOIC Gas`tro*ep`i*plo"ic, a. Etym: [Gastro- + -epiploic.] (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the stomach and omentum.
GASTROHEPATIC Gas`tro*he*pat"ic, a. Etym: [Gastro- + -hepatic.] (Med.)
Defn: Pertaining to the stomach and liver; hepatogastric; as, the gastrohepatic, or lesser, omentum.
GASTROHYSTEROTOMY Gas`tro*hys`ter*ot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gastro- + GR. to cut.] (Surg.)
Defn: Cæsarean section. See under Cæsarean.
GASTROINTESTINAL Gas`tro*in*tes"ti*nal, a. Etym: [Gastro- + -intestinal.] (Anat. & Med.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the stomach and intestines; gastroenteric.
GASTROLITH Gas`tro*lith, n. Etym: [Gastro- + -lith.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Crab's eyes, under Crab.
GASTROLOGY Gas*trol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr gastrologie.]
Defn: The science which treats of the structure and functions of the stomach; a treatise of the stomach.
GASTROMALACIA Gas`tro*ma*la"ci*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)
Defn: A softening of the coats of the stomach; -- usually a post- morten change.
GASTROMANCY Gas`tro*man"cy, n. Etym: [Gastro- + -mancy: cf. F. gastromancy.] (Antiq.) (a) A kind of divination, by means of words seemingly uttered from the stomach. (b) A species of divination, by means of glasses or other round, transparent vessels, in the center of which figures are supposed to appear by magic art.
GASTROMYCES Gas`tro*my"ces, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)
Defn: The fungoid growths sometimes found in the stomach; such as Torula, etc.
GASTROMYTH Gas"tro*myth, n. Etym: [Gastro- + Gr.
Defn: One whose voice appears to proceed from the stomach; a ventriloquist. [Obs.]
GASTRONOME; GASTRONOMER Gas"tro*nome, Gas*tron"o*mer, n. Etym: [F. gastronome, fr. Gr.
Defn: One fond of good living; an epicure. Sir W. Scott.
GASTRONOMIC; GASTRONOMICAL Gas`tro*nom"ic, Gas`tro*nom"ic*al (, a. Etym: [Cf. F. gastronomique.]
Defn: Pertaining to gastromony.
GASTRONOMIST Gas*tron"o*mist, n.
Defn: A gastromomer.
GASTRONOMY Gas*tron"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. gastronomie.]
Defn: The art or science of good eating; epicurism; the art of good cheer.
GASTROPHRENIC Gas`tro*phren"ic, a. Etym: [Gastro- + -phrenic.] (Anat.)
Defn: Pertaining to the stomach and diaphragm; as, the gastrophrenic ligament.
GASTROPNEUMATIC Gas`tro*pneu*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gastro- + pneumatic.] (Anat.)
Defn: Pertaining to the alimentary canal and air passages, and to the cavities connected with them; as, the gastropneumatic mucuos membranes.
GASTROPOD Gas"tro*pod, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the Gastropoda. [Written also gasteropod.]
GASTROPODA Gas*trop"o*da, n. pl., Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the classes of Mollusca, of great extent. It includes most of the marine spiral shells, and the land and fresh-water snails. They generally creep by means of a flat, muscular disk, or foot, on the ventral side of the body. The head usually bears one or two pairs of tentacles. See Mollusca. [Written also Gasteropoda.]
Note: The Gastropoda are divided into three subclasses; viz.: (a) The Streptoneura or Dioecia, including the Pectinibranchiata, Rhipidoglossa, Docoglossa, and Heteropoda. (b) The Euthyneura, including the Pulmonata and Opisthobranchia. (c) The Amphineura, including the Polyplacophora and Aplacophora.
GASTROPODOUS Gas*trop"o*dous, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Gastropoda.
GASTRORAPHY Gas*tror"a*phy, n. Etym: [Gr.gastrorrhaphie.] (Surg.)
Defn: The operation of sewing up wounds of the abdomen. Quincy.
GASTROSCOPE Gas"tro*scope, n. Etym: [Gastro- + -scope.] (Med.)
Defn: An instrument for viewing or examining the interior of the stomach.
GASTROSCOPIC Gas`tro*scop"ic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to gastroscopy.
GASTROSCOPY Gas*tros"co*py, n. (Med.)
Defn: Examination of the abdomen or stomach, as with the gastroscope.
GASTROSPLENIC Gas`tro*splen"ic, n. Etym: [Gastro- + splenic.] (Anat.)
Defn: Pertaining to the stomach and spleen; as, the gastrosplenic ligament.
GASTROSTEGE Gas*tros"tege, n. Etym: [Gastro- + Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the large scales on the belly of a serpent.
GASTROSTOMY Gas*tros"to*my, n. Etym: [Gastro- + Gr. (Surg.)
Defn: The operation of making a permanent opening into the stomach, for the introduction of food.
GASTROTOMY Gas*trot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gastro + Gr. gastrotomie.] (Surg.)
Defn: A cutting into, or opening of, the abdomen or the stomach.
GASTROTRICHA Gas*trot"ri*cha, n. pl., Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A group of small wormlike animals, having cilia on the ventral side. The group is regarded as an ancestral or synthetic one, related to rotifers and annelids.
GASTROTROCHA Gas*trot"ro*cha, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A form of annelid larva having cilia on the ventral side.
GASTROVASCULAR Gas`tro*vas"cu*lar, a. Etym: [Gastro- + -vascular.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having the structure, or performing the functions, both of digestive and circulatory organs; as, the gastrovascular cavity of coelenterates.
GASTRULA Gas"tru*la, n.; pl. Gastrulæ Etym: [NL., dim. fr. Gr. (Biol.)
Defn: An embryonic form having its origin in the invagination or pushing in of the wall of the planula or blastula (the blastosphere) on one side, thus giving rise to a double-walled sac, with one opening or mouth (the blastopore) which leads into the cavity (the archenteron) lined by the inner wall (the hypoblast). See Illust. under Invagination. In a more general sense, an ideal stage in embryonic development. See Gastræa. -- a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a gastrula.
GASTRULATION Gas`tru*la"tion, n. (Biol.)
Defn: The process of invagination, in embryonic development, by which a gastrula is formed.
GASTRURA Gas*tru"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Stomatopoda.
GASTRUROUS Gas*tru"rous, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Pertaining to the Gastrura.
GAT Gat,
Defn: imp. of Get. [Obs.]
GATCH Gatch, n. [Per. gach mortar.]
Defn: Plaster as used in Persian architecture and decorative art.
Gatch decoration, decoration in plaster often producing design of great beauty. -- Gatch work, work in which gatch is employed; also, articles of gatch ornamentation collectively.
GATE Gate, n. Etym: [OE. et, , giat, gate, door, AS. geat, gat, gate, door; akin to OS., D., & Icel. gat opening, hole, and perh. to E. gate a way, gait, and get, v. Cf. Gate a way in the wall, 3d Get.]
1. A large door or passageway in the wall of a city, of an inclosed field or place, or of a grand edifice, etc.; also, the movable structure of timber, metal, etc., by which the passage can be closed.
2. An opening for passage in any inclosing wall, fence, or barrier; or the suspended framework which closes or opens a passage. Also, figuratively, a means or way of entrance or of exit. Knowest thou the way to Dover Both stile and gate, horse way and footpath. Shak. Opening a gate for a long war. Knolles.
3. A door, valve, or other device, for stopping the passage of water through a dam, lock, pipe, etc.
4. (Script.)
Defn: The places which command the entrances or access; hence, place of vantage; power; might. The gates of hell shall not prevail against it. Matt. xvi. 18.
5. In a lock tumbler, the opening for the stump of the bolt to pass through or into.
6. (Founding) (a) The channel or opening through which metal is poured into the mold; the ingate. (b) The waste piece of metal cast in the opening; a sprue or sullage piece. [Written also geat and git.] Gate chamber, a recess in the side wall of a canal lock, which receives the opened gate. -- Gate channel. See Gate, 5. -- Gate hook, the hook-formed piece of a gate hinge. -- Gate money, entrance money for admission to an inclosure. -- Gate tender, one in charge of a gate, as at a railroad crossing. -- Gate valva, a stop valve for a pipe, having a sliding gate which affords a straight passageway when open. -- Gate vein (Anat.), the portal vein. -- To break gates (Eng. Univ.), to enter a college inclosure after the hour to which a student has been restricted. -- To stand in the gate, or gates, to occupy places or advantage, power, or defense.
GATE Gate, v. t.
1. To supply with a gate.
2. (Eng. Univ.) To punish by requiring to be within the gates at an earlier hour than usual.
GATE Gate, n. Etym: [Icel. gata; akin to SW. gata street, lane, Dan. gade, Goth. gatwö, G. gasse. Cf. Gate a door, Gait.]
1. A way; a path; a road; a street (as in Highgate). [O. Eng. & Scot.] I was going to be an honest man; but the devil has this very day flung first a lawyer, and then a woman, in my gate. Sir W. Scott.
2. Manner; gait. [O. Eng. & Scot.]
GATED Gat"ed, a.
Defn: Having gates. Young.
GATEHOUSE Gate"house`, n.
Defn: A house connected or associated with a gate.
GATELESS Gate"less, a.
Defn: Having no gate.
GATEMAN Gate"man, n.
Defn: A gate keeper; a gate tender.
GATEPOST Gate"post`, n.
1. A post to which a gate is hung; -- called also swinging or hinging post.
2. A post against which a gate closes; -- called also shutting post.
GATEWAY Gate"way`, n.
Defn: A passage through a fence or wall; a gate; also, a frame, arch, etc., in which a gate in hung, or a structure at an entrance or gate designed for ornament or defense.
GATEWISE Gate"wise`, adv.
Defn: In the manner of a gate. Three circles of stones set up gatewise. Fuller.
GATHER Gath"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gathered; p. pr. & vb. n. Gathering.] Etym: [OE. gaderen, AS. gaderian, gadrian, fr. gador, geador, together, fr. gæd fellowship; akin to E. good, D. gaderen to collect, G. gatte husband, MHG. gate, also companion, Goth. gadiliggs a sister's son. sq. root29. See Good, and cf. Together.]
1. To bring together; to collect, as a number of separate things, into one place, or into one aggregate body; to assemble; to muster; to congregate. And Belgium's capital had gathered them Her beauty and her chivalry. Byron. When he had gathered all the chief priests and scribes of the people together. Matt. ii. 4.
2. To pick out and bring together from among what is of less value; to collect, as a harvest; to harvest; to cull; to pick off; to pluck. A rose just gathered from the stalk. Dryden. Do men gather grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles Matt. vii. 16. Gather us from among the heathen. Ps. cvi. 47.
3. To accumulate by collecting and saving little by little; to amass; to gain; to heap up. He that by usury and unjust gain increaseth his substance, he shall gather it for him that will pity the poor. Prov. xxviii. 8. To pay the creditor . . . he must gather up money by degrees. Locke.
4. To bring closely together the parts or particles of; to contract; to compress; to bring together in folds or plaits, as a garment; also, to draw together, as a piece of cloth by a thread; to pucker; to plait; as, to gather a ruffle. Gathering his flowing robe, he seemed to stand In act to speak, and graceful stretched his hand. Pope.
5. To derive, or deduce, as an inference; to collect, as a conclusion, from circumstances that suggest, or arguments that prove; to infer; to conclude. Let me say no moreGather the sequel by that went before. Shak.
6. To gain; to win. [Obs.] He gathers ground upon her in the chase. Dryden.
7. (Arch.)
Defn: To bring together, or nearer together, in masonry, as where the width of a fireplace is rapidly diminished to the width of the flue, or the like.
8. (Naut.)
Defn: To haul in; to take up; as, to gather the slack of a rope. To be gathered to one's people, or to one's fathers to die. Gen. xxv. 8. -- To gather breath, to recover normal breathing after being out of breath; to get breath; to rest. Spenser. -- To gather one's self together, to collect and dispose one's powers for a great effort, as a beast crouches preparatory to a leap. -- To gather way (Naut.), to begin to move; to move with increasing speed.
GATHER Gath"er, v. i.
1. To come together; to collect; to unite; to become assembled; to congregate. When small humors gather to a gout. Pope. Tears from the depth of some divine despair Rise in the heart, and gather to the eyes. Tennyson.
2. To grow larger by accretion; to increase. Their snowball did not gather as it went. Bacon.
3. To concentrate; to come to a head, as a sore, and generate pus; as, a boil has gathered.
4. To collect or bring things together. Thou knewest that I reap where I sowed not, and gather where I have not strewed. Matt. xxv. 26.
GATHER Gath"er, n.
1. A plait or fold in cloth, made by drawing a thread through it; a pucker.
2. (Carriage Making)
Defn: The inclination forward of the axle journals to keep the wheels from working outward.
3. (Arch.)
Defn: The soffit or under surface of the masonry required in gathering. See Gather, v. t., 7.
GATHERABLE Gath"er*a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being gathered or collected; deducible from premises. [R.] Godwin.
GATHERER Gath"er*er, n.
1. One who gathers or collects.
2. (Sewing Machine)
Defn: An attachment for making gathers in the cloth.
GATHERING Gath"er*ing, n.
1. The act of collecting or bringing together.
2. That which is gathered, collected, or brought together; as: (a) A crowd; an assembly; a congregation. (b) A charitable contribution; a collection. (c) A tumor or boil suppurated or maturated; an abscess.
GATHERING Gath"er*ing, a.
Defn: Assembling; collecting; used for gathering or concentrating. Gathering board (Bookbinding), a table or board on which signatures are gathered or assembled, to form a book. Knight. -- Gathering coal, a lighted coal left smothered in embers over night, about which kindling wood is gathered in the morning. -- Gathering hoop, a hoop used by coopers to draw together the ends of barrel staves, to allow the hoops to be slipped over them. -- Gathering peat. (a) A piece of peat used as a gathering coal, to preserve a fire. (b) In Scotland, a fiery peat which was sent round by the Borderers as an alarm signal, as the fiery cross was by the Highlanders.
GATLING GUN Gat"ling gun` (. Etym: [From the inventor, R.J. Gatling.]
Defn: An American machine gun, consisting of a cluster of barrels which, being revolved by a crank, are automatically loaded and fired.
Note: The improved Gatling gun can be fired at the rate of 1,200 shots per minute. Farrow.
GATTEN TREE Gat"ten tree`. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. gatter bush.] (Bot.)
Defn: A name given to the small trees called guelder-rose (Viburnum Opulus), cornel (Cornus sanguinea), and spindle tree (Euonymus Europæus).
GAT-TOOTHED Gat"-toothed`, a. Etym: [OE. gat goat + tooth. See Goat the animal.]
Defn: Goat-toothed; having a lickerish tooth; lustful; wanton. [Obs.]
GAUCHE Gauche, n. Etym: [F.]
1. Left handed; hence, awkward; clumsy.
2. (Geom.)
Defn: Winding; twisted; warped; -- applied to curves and surfaces.
GAUCHERIE Gauche`rie", n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: An awkward action; clumsiness; boorishness.
GAUCHO Gau"cho, n., pl. Gauchos ( Etym: [Sp.]
Defn: On of the native inhabitants of the pampas, of Spanish-American descent. They live mostly by rearing cattle.
GAUD Gaud, n. Etym: [OE. gaude jest, trick, gaudi bead of a rosary, fr. L. gaudium joy, gladness. See Joy.]
1. Trick; jest; sport. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. Deceit; fraud; artifice; device. [Obs.] Chaucer.
3. An ornament; a piece of worthless finery; a trinket. "An idle gaud." Shak.
GAUD Gaud, v. i. Etym: [Cf. F. se gaudir to rejoice, fr. L. gaudere. See Gaud, n.]
Defn: To sport or keep festival. [Obs.] "Gauding with his familiars. " [Obs.] Sir T. North.
GAUD Gaud, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gauded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gauding.]
Defn: To bedeck gaudily; to decorate with gauds or showy trinkets or colors; to paint. [Obs.] "Nicely gauded cheeks." Shak.
GAUD-DAY Gaud"-day`, n.
Defn: See Gaudy, a feast.
GAUDERY Gaud"er*y, n.
Defn: Finery; ornaments; ostentatious display. [R.] "Tarnished gaudery." Dryden.
GAUDFUL Gaud"ful, a.
Defn: Joyful; showy. [Obs.]
GAUDILY Gaud"i*ly, adv.
Defn: In a gaudy manner. Guthrie.
GAUDINESS Gaud"i*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being gaudy. Whitlock.
GAUDISH Gaud"ish, a.
Defn: Gaudy. "Gaudish ceremonies." Bale.
GAUDLESS Gaud"less, a.
Defn: Destitute of ornament. [R.]
GAUDY Gaud"y, a. [Compar. Gaudier; superl. Gauidiest.]
1. Ostentatiously fine; showy; gay, but tawdry or meretricious. Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy, But not expressed in fancy; rich, not gaudy. Shak.
2. Gay; merry; festal. Tennyson. Let's have one other gaudy night. Shak.
GAUDY Gaud"y, n.; pl. Gaudies Etym: [See Gaud, n.]
Defn: One of the large beads in the rosary at which the paternoster is recited. [Obs.] Gower.
GAUDY Gaud"y, n.
Defn: A feast or festival; -- called also gaud-day and gaudy day. [Oxford Univ.] Conybeare.
GAUDYGREEN Gaud"y*green`, a. or n. Etym: [OE. gaude grene.]
Defn: Light green. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.
GAUFFER Gauf"fer, v. t. Etym: [F. gaufrer to figure cloth, velvet, and other stuffs, fr. gaufre honeycomb, waffle; of German origin. See Waffle, Wafer, and cf. Goffer, Gopher an animal.]
Defn: To plait, crimp, or flute; to goffer, as lace. See Goffer.
GAUFFERING Gauf"fer*ing, n.
Defn: A mode of plaiting or fluting. Gauffering iron, a kind of fluting iron for fabrics. -- Gauffering press (Flower Manuf.), a press for crimping the leaves and petals into shape.
GAUFFRE Gauf"fre, n. Etym: [See Gopher.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A gopher, esp. the pocket gopher.
GAUGE Gauge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gauged; p. pr. & vb. n. Gauging] Etym: [OF. gaugier, F. jauger, cf. OF. gauge gauge, measuring rod, F. jauge; of uncertain origin; perh. fr. an assumed L. qualificare to determine the qualities of a thing (see Qualify); but cf. also F. jalon a measuring stake in surveying, and E. gallon.] [Written also gage.]
1. To measure or determine with a gauge.
2. To measure or to ascertain the contents or the capacity of, as of a pipe, barrel, or keg.
3. (Mech.)
Defn: To measure the dimensions of, or to test the accuracy of the form of, as of a part of a gunlock. The vanes nicely gauged on each side. Derham.
4. To draw into equidistant gathers by running a thread through it, as cloth or a garment.
5. To measure the capacity, character, or ability of; to estimate; to judge of. You shall not gauge me By what we do to-night. Shak.
GAUGE Gauge, n. Etym: [Written also gage.]
1. A measure; a standard of measure; an instrument to determine dimensions, distance, or capacity; a standard. This plate must be a gauge to file your worm and groove to equal breadth by. Moxon. There is not in our hands any fixed gauge of minds. I. Taylor.
2. Measure; dimensions; estimate. The gauge and dimensions of misery, depression, and contempt. Burke.
3. (Mach. & Manuf.)
Defn: Any instrument for ascertaining or regulating the dimensions or forms of things; a templet or template; as, a button maker's gauge.
4. (Physics)
Defn: Any instrument or apparatus for measuring the state of a phenomenon, or for ascertaining its numerical elements at any moment; -- usually applied to some particular instrument; as, a rain gauge; a steam gauge.
5. (Naut.) (a) Relative positions of two or more vessels with reference to the wind; as, a vessel has the weather gauge of another when on the windward side of it, and the lee gauge when on the lee side of it. (b) The depth to which a vessel sinks in the water. Totten.
6. The distance between the rails of a railway.
Note: The standard gauge of railroads in most countries is four feet, eight and one half inches. Wide, or broad, gauge, in the United States, is six feet; in England, seven feet, and generally any gauge exceeding standard gauge. Any gauge less than standard gauge is now called narrow gauge. It varies from two feet to three feet six inches.
7. (Plastering)
Defn: The quantity of plaster of Paris used with common plaster to accelerate its setting.
8. (Building)
Defn: That part of a shingle, slate, or tile, which is exposed to the weather, when laid; also, one course of such shingles, slates, or tiles. Gauge of a carriage, car, etc., the distance between the wheels; -- ordinarily called the track. -- Gauge cock, a stop cock used as a try cock for ascertaining the height of the water level in a steam boiler. -- Gauge concussion (Railroads), the jar caused by a car-wheel flange striking the edge of the rail. -- Gauge glass, a glass tube for a water gauge. -- Gauge lathe, an automatic lathe for turning a round object having an irregular profile, as a baluster or chair round, to a templet or gauge. -- Gauge point, the diameter of a cylinder whose altitude is one inch, and contents equal to that of a unit of a given measure; -- a term used in gauging casks, etc. -- Gauge rod, a graduated rod, for measuring the capacity of barrels, casks, etc. -- Gauge saw, a handsaw, with a gauge to regulate the depth of cut. Knight. -- Gauge stuff, a stiff and compact plaster, used in making cornices, moldings, etc., by means of a templet. -- Gauge wheel, a wheel at the forward end of a plow beam, to determine the depth of the furrow. -- Joiner's gauge, an instrument used to strike a line parallel to the straight side of a board, etc. -- Printer's gauge, an instrument to regulate the length of the page. -- Rain gauge, an instrument for measuring the quantity of rain at any given place. -- Salt gauge, or Brine gauge, an instrument or contrivance for indicating the degree of saltness of water from its specific gravity, as in the boilers of ocean steamers. -- Sea gauge, an instrument for finding the depth of the sea. -- Siphon gauge, a glass siphon tube, partly filled with mercury, -- used to indicate pressure, as of steam, or the degree of rarefaction produced in the receiver of an air pump or other vacuum; a manometer. -- Sliding gauge. (Mach.) (a) A templet or pattern for gauging the commonly accepted dimensions or shape of certain parts in general use, as screws, railway-car axles, etc. (b) A gauge used only for testing other similar gauges, and preserved as a reference, to detect wear of the working gauges. (c) (Railroads) See Note under Gauge, n., 5. -- Star gauge (Ordnance), an instrument for measuring the diameter of the bore of a cannon at any point of its length. -- Steam gauge, an instrument for measuring the pressure of steam, as in a boiler. -- Tide gauge, an instrument for determining the height of the tides. -- Vacuum gauge, a species of barometer for determining the relative elasticities of the vapor in the condenser of a steam engine and the air. -- Water gauge. (a) A contrivance for indicating the height of a water surface, as in a steam boiler; as by a gauge cock or glass. (b) The height of the water in the boiler. -- Wind gauge, an instrument for measuring the force of the wind on any given surface; an anemometer. -- Wire gauge, a gauge for determining the diameter of wire or the thickness of sheet metal; also, a standard of size. See under Wire.
GAUGEABLE Gauge"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being gauged.
GAUGED Gauged, p. a.
Defn: Tested or measured by, or conformed to, a gauge. Gauged brick, brick molded, rubbed, or cut to an exact size and shape, for arches or ornamental work. -- Gauged mortar. See Gauge stuff, under Gauge, n.
GAUGER Gau"ger, n.
Defn: One who gauges; an officer whose business it is to ascertain the contents of casks.
GAUGER-SHIP Gau"ger-ship, n.
Defn: The office of a gauger.
GAUGING ROD Gau"ging rod`.
Defn: See Gauge rod, under Gauge, n.
GAUL Gaul, n. Etym: [F. Gaule, fr. L. Gallia, fr. Gallus a Gaul.]
1. The Anglicized form of Gallia, which in the time of the Romans included France and Upper Italy (Transalpine and Cisalpine Gaul).
2. A native or inhabitant of Gaul.
GAULISH Gaul"ish, a.
Defn: Pertaining to ancient France, or Gaul; Gallic. [R.]
GAULT Gault, n. Etym: [Cf. Norw. gald hard ground, Icel. gald hard snow.] (Geol.)
Defn: A series of beds of clay and marl in the South of England, between the upper and lower greensand of the Cretaceous period.
GAULTHERIA Gaul*the"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of ericaceous shrubs with evergreen foliage, and, often, edible berries. It includes the American winter-green (Gaultheria procumbens), and the larger-fruited salal of Northwestern America (Gaultheria Shallon).
GAUNT Gaunt, a. Etym: [Cf. Norw. gand a thin pointed stick, a tall and thin man, and W. gwan weak.]
Defn: Attenuated, as with fasting or suffering; lean; meager; pinched and grim. "The gaunt mastiff." Pope. A mysterious but visible pestilence, striding gaunt and fleshless across our land. Nichols.
GAUNTLET Gaunt"let, n. (Mil.)
Defn: See Gantlet.
GAUNTLET Gaunt"let, n. Etym: [F. gantelet, dim. of gant glove, LL. wantus, of Teutonic origin; cf. D. want, Sw. & Dan. vante, Icel. vöttr, for vantr.]
1. A glove of such material that it defends the hand from wounds.
Note: The gauntlet of the Middle Ages was sometimes of chain mail, sometimes of leather partly covered with plates, scales, etc., of metal sewed to it, and, in the 14th century, became a glove of small steel plates, carefully articulated and covering the whole hand except the palm and the inside of the fingers.
2. A long glove, covering the wrist.
3. (Naut.)
Defn: A rope on which hammocks or clothes are hung for drying. To take up the gauntlet, to accept a challenge. -- To throw down the gauntlet, to offer or send a challenge. The gauntlet or glove was thrown down by the knight challenging, and was taken up by the one who accepted the challenge; -- hence the phrases.
GAUNTLETTED Gaunt"lett*ed, a.
Defn: Wearing a gauntlet.
GAUNTLY Gaunt"ly, adv.
Defn: In a gaunt manner; meagerly.
GAUNTREE; GAUNTRY Gaun"tree, Gaun"try, n. Etym: [F. chantier, LL. cantarium, fr. L. canterius trellis, sort of frame.]
1. A frame for supporting barrels in a cellar or elsewhere. Sir W. Scott.
2. (Engin.)
Defn: A scaffolding or frame carrying a crane or other structure. Knight.
GAUR Gaur, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: An East Indian species of wild cattle (Bibos gauris), of large size and an untamable disposition. [Spelt also gour.]
GAURE Gaure, v. i.
Defn: To gaze; to stare. [Obs.] Chaucer.
GAUSS Gauss (gous), n. [So named after Karl F. Gauss, a German mathematician.] (Elec.)
Defn: The C.G.S. unit of density of magnetic field, equal to a field of one line of force per square centimeter, being thus adopted as an international unit at Paris in 1900; sometimes used as a unit of intensity of magnetic field. It was previously suggested as a unit of magnetomotive force.
GAUSSAGE Gauss"age, n. (Elec.)
Defn: The intensity of a magnetic field expressed in C.G.S. units, or gausses.
GAUZE Gauze, n. Etym: [F. gaze; so called because it was first introduced from Gaza, a city of Palestine.]
Defn: A very thin, slight, transparent stuff, generally of silk; also, any fabric resembling silk gauze; as, wire gauze; cotton gauze. Gauze dresser, one employed in stiffening gauze.
GAUZE Gauze, a.
Defn: Having the qualities of gauze; thin; light; as, gauze merino underclothing.
GAUZINESS Gauz"i*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being gauzy; flimsiness. Ruskin.
GAUZY Gauz"y, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, gauze; thin and slight as gauze.
GAVAGE Ga`vage" (ga`vazh"), n. [F., fr. gaver to gorge.]
Defn: Forced feeding (as of poultry or infants) by means of a tube passed through the mouth down to the stomach.
GAVE Gave,
Defn: imp. of Give.
GAVEL Gav"el, n.
Defn: A gable. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
GAVEL Gav"el, n. Etym: [OF. gavelle, F. javelle, prob. dim. from L. capulus handle, fr. capere to lay hold of, seize; or cf. W. gafael hold, grasp. Cf. Heave.]
Defn: A small heap of grain, not tied up into a bundle. Wright.
GAVEL Gav"el, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]
1. The mallet of the presiding officer in a legislative body, public assembly, court, masonic body, etc.
2. A mason's setting maul. Knight.
GAVEL Gav"el, n. Etym: [OF. gavel, AS. gafol, prob. fr. gifan to give. See Give, and cf. Gabel tribute.] (Law)
Defn: Tribute; toll; custom. [Obs.] See Gabel. Cowell.
GAVELET Gav"el*et, n. Etym: [From Gavel tribute.] (O. Eng. Law)
Defn: An ancient special kind of cessavit used in Kent and London for the recovery of rent. [Obs.]
GAVELKIND Gav"el*kind`, n. Etym: [OE. gavelkynde, gavelkende. See Gavel tribute, and Kind, n.] (O. Eng. Law)
Defn: A tenure by which land descended from the father to all his sons in equal portions, and the land of a brother, dying without issue, descended equally to his brothers. It still prevails in the county of Kent. Cowell.
GAVELOCHE Gav"e*loche, n.
Defn: Same as Gavelock.
GAVELOCK Gav"e*lock, n. Etym: [OE. gaveloc a dart, AS. gafeluc; cf. Icel. gaflok, MHG. gabil, OF. gavelot, glavelot, F. javelot, Ir. gabhla spear, W. gaflach fork, dart, E. glave, gaff]
1. A spear or dart. [R. & Obs.]
2. An iron crow or lever. [Scot. & North of Eng.]
GAVERICK Ga"ver*ick, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The European red gurnard (Trigla cuculus). [Prov. Eng.]
GAVIAE Ga"viæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. gavia a sea mew.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The division of birds which includes the gulls and terns.
GAVIAL Ga"vi*al, n. Etym: [Hind. ghariu: cf. F. gavial.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A large Asiatic crocodilian (Gavialis Gangeticus); -- called also nako, and Gangetic crocodile.
Note: The gavial has a long, slender muzzle, teeth of nearly uniform size, and feet completely webbed. It inhabits the Ganges and other rivers of India. The name is also applied to several allied fossil species.
GAVOT Gav"ot ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [F. gavotte, fr. Gavots, a people inhabiting a mountainous district in France, called Gap.] (Mus.)
Defn: A kind of difficult dance; a dance tune, the air of which has two brisk and lively, yet dignified, strains in common time, each played twice over. [Written also gavotte.]
GAWBY Gaw"by, n.
Defn: A baby; a dunce. [Prov. Eng.]
GAWK Gawk, n. Etym: [OE. gok, gowk, cuckoo, fool, Icel. gaukr cuckoo; akin to OHG. gouh, G. gauch cuckoo, fool, AS. géac cuckoo, Sw. gök, Dan. giög]
1. A cuckoo. Johnson.
2. A simpleton; a booby; a gawky. Carlyle.
GAWK Gawk, v. i.
Defn: To act like a gawky.
GAWKY Gawk"y, a. [Compar. Gawkier; superl. Gawkiest.]
Defn: Foolish and awkward; clumsy; clownish; as, gawky behavior. -- n. A fellow who is awkward from being overgrown, or from stupidity, a gawk.
GAWN Gawn, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. gallon.]
Defn: A small tub or lading vessel. [Prov. Eng.] Johnson.
GAWNTREE Gawn"tree, n.
Defn: See Gauntree.
GAY Gay, a. [Compar. Gayer; superl. Gayest.] Etym: [F. gai, perhaps fr. OHG. g swift, rapid, G. gäh, jäh, steep, hasty; or cf. OHG. w beatiful, good. Cf. Jay.]
1. Excited with merriment; manifesting sportiveness or delight; inspiring delight; livery; merry. Belinda smiled, and all the world was gay. Pope. Gay hope is theirs by fancy fed. Gray.
2. Brilliant in colors; splendid; fine; richly dressed. Why is my neighbor's wife so gay Chaucer. A bevy of fair women, richly gay In gems and wanton dressMilton.
3. Loose; dissipated; lewd. [Colloq.]
Syn. -- Merry; gleeful; blithe; airy; lively; sprightly, sportive; light- hearted; frolicsome; jolly; jovial; joyous; joyful; glad; showy; splendid; vivacious.
GAY Gay, n.
Defn: An ornament [Obs.] L'Estrange.
GAYAL Gay"al, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A Southern Asiatic species of wild cattle (Bibos frontalis).
GAYDIANG Gay"di*ang, n. (Naut.)
Defn: A vessel of Anam, with two or three masts, lofty triangular sails, and in construction somewhat resembling a Chinese junk.
GAYETY Gay"e*ty, n.; pl. Gayeties (. [Written also gaiety.] Etym: [F. gaieté. See Gay, a.]
1. The state of being gay; merriment; mirth; acts or entertainments prompted by, or inspiring, merry delight; -- used often in the plural; as, the gayeties of the season.
2. Finery; show; as, the gayety of dress.
Syn. -- Liveliness; mirth; animation; vivacity; glee; blithesomeness; sprightliness; jollity. See Liveliness.
GAYLEY PROCESS Gay"ley proc"ess. (Med.)
Defn: The process of removing moisture from the blast of an iron blast furnace by reducing its temperature so far that it will not remain suspended as vapor in the blast current, but will be deposited as snow in the cooling apparatus. The resultant uniformly dehydrated blast effects great economy in fuel consumption, and promotes regularity of furnace operation, and certainty of furnace control.
GAYLUSSITE Gay"lus*site`, n. Etym: [Named after Gay-Lussac, the French chemist.] (Min.)
Defn: A yellowish white, translucent mineral, consisting of the carbonates of lime and soda, with water.
GAYLY Gay"ly, adv.
1. With mirth and frolic; merrily; blithely; gleefully.
2. Finely; splendidly; showily; as, ladies gayly dressed; a flower gayly blooming. Pope.
GAYNE Gayne, v. i. Etym: [See Gain.]
Defn: To avail. [Obs.]
GAYNESS Gay"ness, n.
Defn: Gayety; finery. [R.]
GAYSOME Gay"some, a.
Defn: Full of gayety. Mir. for Mag.
GAYTRE Gay"tre, n. Etym: [See Gaitre.]
Defn: The dogwood tree. [Obs.] Chaucer.
GAZE Gaze, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gazed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gazing.] Etym: [OE. gasen, akin to dial. Sw. gasa, cf. Goth. us-gaisjan to terrify, us- geisnan to be terrified. Cf. Aghast, Ghastly, Ghost, Hesitate.]
Defn: To fixx the eyes in a steady and earnest look; to look with eagerness or curiosity, as in admiration, astonishment, or with studious attention. Why stand ye gazing up into heaven Acts i. 11.
Syn. -- To gape; stare; look. -- To Gaze, Gape, Stare. To gaze is to look with fixed and prolonged attention, awakened by excited interest or elevated emotion; to gape is to look fixedly, with open mouth and feelings of ignorant wonder; to stare is to look with the fixedness of insolence or of idiocy. The lover of nature gazes with delight on the beauties of the landscape; the rustic gapes with wonder at the strange sights of a large city; the idiot stares on those around with a vacant look.
GAZE Gaze, v. t.
Defn: To view with attention; to gaze on . [R.] And gazed a while the ample sky. Milton.
GAZE Gaze, n.
1. A fixed look; a look of eagerness, wonder, or admiration; a continued look of attention. With secret gaze Or open admiration him behold. Milton.
2. The object gazed on. Made of my enemies the scorn and gaze. Milton. At gaze (a) (Her.) With the face turned directly to the front; -- said of the figures of the stag, hart, buck, or hind, when borne, in this position, upon an escutcheon. (b) In a position expressing sudden fear or surprise; -- a term used in stag hunting to describe the manner of a stag when he first hears the hounds and gazes round in apprehension of some hidden danger; hence, standing agape; idly or stupidly gazing. I that rather held it better men should perish one by one, Than that earth should stand at gaze like Joshua's moon in Ajalon! Tennyson.
GAZEEBO Ga*zee"bo, n. Etym: [Humorously formed from gaze.]
Defn: A summerhouse so situated as to command an extensive prospect. [Colloq.]
GAZEFUL Gaze"ful, a.
Defn: Gazing. [R.] Spenser.
GAZEHOUND Gaze"hound`, n.
Defn: A hound that pursues by the sight rather than by the scent. Sir W. Scott.
GAZEL Ga"zel, n.
Defn: The black currant; also, the wild plum. [Prov. Eng.]
GAZEL Ga*zel", n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Gazelle.
GAZELLE Ga*zelle", n. Etym: [F. gazelle, OF. also, gazel; cf. Sp. gacela, Pr. gazella, It. gazella; all fr. Ar. ghaz a wild goat.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of several small, swift, elegantly formed species of antelope, of the genus Gazella, esp. G. dorcas; -- called also algazel, corinne, korin, and kevel. The gazelles are celebrated for the luster and soft expression of their eyes. [Written also gazel.]
Note: The common species of Northern Africa (Gazella dorcas); the Arabian gazelle, or ariel (G. Arabica); the mohr of West Africa (G. mohr); the Indian (G. Bennetti); the ahu or Persian (G. subgutturosa); and the springbok or tsebe (G. euchore) of South Africa, are the best known.
GAZEMENT Gaze"ment, n.
Defn: View. [Obs.] Spenser.
GAZER Gaz"er, n.
Defn: One who gazes.
GAZET Ga*zet, n. Etym: [It.. gazeta, gazzetta, prob. dim. of L. gaza royal treasure.]
Defn: A Venetian coin, worth about three English farthings, or one and a half cents. [Obs.]
GAZETTE Ga*zette", n. Etym: [F. gazette, It. gazzetta, perh. from gazetta a Venetian coin (see Gazet), said to have been the price of the first newspaper published at Venice; or perh. dim. of gazza magpie, a name perh. applied to the first newspaper; cf. OHG. agalstra magpie, G. elster.]
Defn: A newspaper; a printed sheet published periodically; esp., the official journal published by the British government, and containing legal and state notices.
GAZETTE Ga*zette", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gazetted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gazetting.]
Defn: To announce or publish in a gazette; to announce officially, as an appointment, or a case of bankruptcy.
GAZETTEER Gaz`et*teer", n. Etym: [Cf. F. gazetier.]
1. A writer of news, or an officer appointed to publish news by authority. Johnson.
2. A newspaper; a gazette. [Obs.] Burke.
3. A geographical dictionary; a book giving the names and descriptions, etc., of many places.
4. An alphabetical descriptive list of anything.
GAZINGSTOCK Gaz"ing*stock`, n.
Defn: A person or thing gazed at with scorn or abhorrence; an object of curiosity or contempt. Bp. Hall.
GAZOGENE Gaz"o*gene, n. Etym: [F. gazogène; gaz gas + -gène, E. -gen.]
Defn: A portable apparatus for making soda water or aërated liquids on a small scale. Knight.
GAZON Ga*zon", n. Etym: [F. gazon turf, fr. OHG. waso, G. wasen.] (Fort.)
Defn: One of the pieces of sod used to line or cover parapets and the faces of earthworks.
GE- Ge-.
Defn: An Anglo-Saxon prefix. See Y-.
GEAL Geal, v. i. Etym: [F. geler, fr. L. gelare, fr. gelu. See Gelid.]
Defn: To congeal. [Obs. or Scot.]
GEAN Gean, n. Etym: [F. guigne the fruit of the gean; cf. OHG. wihsila, G. weichsel.] (Bot.)
Defn: A species of cherry tree common in Europe (Prunus avium); also, the fruit, which is usually small and dark in color.
GEANTICLINAL Ge`an*ti*cli"nal, n. Etym: [Gr. anticlinal.] (Geol.)
Defn: An upward bend or flexure of a considerable portion of the earth's crust, resulting in the formation of a class of mountain elevations called anticlinoria; -- opposed to geosynclinal.
GEAR Gear, n. Etym: [OE. gere, ger, AS. gearwe clothing, adornment, armor, fr. gearo, gearu, ready, yare; akin to OHG. garawi, garwi ornament, dress. See Yare, and cf. Garb dress.]
1. Clothing; garments; ornaments. Array thyself in thy most gorgeous gear. Spenser.
2. Goods; property; household stuff. Chaucer. Homely gear and common ware. Robynson (More's Utopia)
3. Whatever is prepared for use or wear; manufactured stuff or material. Clad in a vesture of unknown gear. Spenser.
4. The harness of horses or cattle; trapping.
5. Warlike accouterments. [Scot.] Jamieson.
6. Manner; custom; behavior. [Obs.] Chaucer.
7. Business matters; affairs; concern. [Obs.] Thus go they both together to their gear. Spenser.
8. (Mech.) (a) A toothed wheel, or cogwheel; as, a spur gear, or a bevel gear; also, toothed wheels, collectively. (b) An apparatus for performing a special function; gearing; as, the feed gear of a lathe. (c) Engagement of parts with each other; as, in gear; out of gear.
9. pl. (Naut.)
Defn: See 1st Jeer (b).
10. Anything worthless; stuff; nonsense; rubbish. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Wright. That servant of his that confessed and uttered this gear was an honest man. Latimer. Bever gear. See Bevel gear. -- Core gear, a mortise gear, or its skeleton. See Mortise wheel, under Mortise. -- Expansion gear (Steam Engine), the arrangement of parts for cutting off steam at a certain part of the stroke, so as to leave it to act upon the piston expansively; the cut-off. See under Expansion. -- Feed gear. See Feed motion, under Feed, n. -- Gear cutter, a machine or tool for forming the teeth of gear wheels by cutting. -- Gear wheel, any cogwheel. -- Running gear. See under Running. -- To throw in, or out of, gear (Mach.), to connect or disconnect (wheelwork or couplings, etc.); to put in, or out of, working relation.
GEAR Gear v. t. [imp. & p. p. Geared; p. pr. & vb. n. Gearing.]
1. To dress; to put gear on; to harness.
2. (Mach.)
Defn: To provide with gearing. Double geared, driven through twofold compound gearing, to increase the force or speed; -- said of a machine.
GEAR Gear, v. i. (Mach.)
Defn: To be in, or come into, gear.
GEARING Gear"ing, n.
1. Harness.
2. (Mach.)
Defn: The parts by which motion imparted to one portion of an engine or machine is transmitted to another, considered collectively; as, the valve gearing of locomotive engine; belt gearing; esp., a train of wheels for transmitting and varying motion in machinery. Frictional gearing. See under Frictional. -- Gearing chain, an endless chain transmitted motion from one sprocket wheel to another. See Illust. of Chain wheel. -- Spur gearing, gearing in which the teeth or cogs are ranged round either the concave or the convex surface (properly the latter) of a cylindrical wheel; -- for transmitting motion between parallel shafts, etc.
GEASON Gea"son, a. Etym: [OE. gesen, geson, rare, scanty, AS. g barren, wanting. Cf. Geest.]
Defn: Rare; wonderful. [Obs.] Spenser.
GEAT Geat, n. Etym: [See Gate a door.] (Founding)
Defn: The channel or spout through which molten metal runs into a mold in casting. [Written also git, gate.]
GECARCINIAN Ge`car*cin"i*an, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A land crab of the genus Gecarcinus, or of allied genera.
GECK Geck, n. Etym: [D. gek fool, fop; akin to G. geck; cf. Icel. gikkr a pert, rude person.]
1. Scorn, derision, or contempt. [Prov. Eng.]
2. An object of scorn; a dupe; a gull. [Obs.] To become the geck and scorn O'the other's villainy. Shak.
GECK Geck, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OD. ghecken, G. gecken. See Geck, n.]
1. To deride; to scorn; to mock. [Prov. Eng.]
2. To cheat; trick, or gull. [Obs.] Johnson.
GECK Geck, v. i.
Defn: To jeer; to show contempt. Sir W. Scott.
GECKO Geck"o, n.; pl. Geckoes. Etym: [Cf. F. & G. gecko; -- so called from the sound which the animal utters.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any lizard of the family Geckonidæ. The geckoes are small, carnivorous, mostly nocturnal animals with large eyes and vertical, elliptical pupils. Their toes are generally expanded, and furnished with adhesive disks, by which they can run over walls and ceilings. They are numerous in warm countries, and a few species are found in Europe and the United States. See Wall gecko, Fanfoot.
GECKOTIAN Geck*o"tian, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A gecko.
GED; GEDD Ged, Gedd (, n.
Defn: The European pike.
GEE Gee, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Geed; p. pr. & vb. n. Geeing.]
1. To agree; to harmonize. [Colloq. or Prov. Eng.] Forby.
2. Etym: [Cf. G. jü, interj., used in calling to a horse, It. giò, F. dia, used to turn a horse to the left.]
Defn: To turn to the off side, or from the driver (i.e., in the United States, to the right side); -- said of cattle, or a team; used most frequently in the imperative, often with off, by drivers of oxen, in directing their teams, and opposed to haw, or hoi. [Written also jee.]
Note: In England, the teamster walks on the right-hand side of the cattle; in the United States, on the left-hand side. In all cases, however, gee means to turn from the driver, and haw to turn toward him. Gee ho, or Gee whoa. Same as Gee.
GEE Gee, v. t. Etym: [See Gee to turn.]
Defn: To cause (a team) to turn to the off side, or from the driver. [Written also jee.]
GEER; GEERING Geer, Geer"ing. [Obs.]
Defn: See Gear, Gearing.
GEESE Geese, n.,
Defn: pl. of Goose.
GEEST Geest, n. Etym: [Cf. LG. geest, geestland, sandy, dry and, OFries. gest, gast, gestlond, gastlond, fr. Fries. gast barren. Cf. Geason.]
Defn: Alluvial matter on the surface of land, not of recent origin. R. Jameson.
GEET Geet, n. Etym: [See Jet.]
Defn: Jet. [Obs.] Chaucer.
GEEZ Geez, n.
Defn: The original native name for the ancient Ethiopic language or people. See Ethiopic.
GEEZER Gee"zer, n. [Dial. corrupt. of Guiser a mummer.]
Defn: A queer old fellow; an old chap; an old woman. [Contemptuous, Slang or Dial.]
GEHENNA Ge*hen"na, n. Etym: [L. Gehenna, Gr. G.] (Jewish Hist.)
Defn: The valley of Hinnom, near Jerusalem, where some of the Israelites sacrificed their children to Moloch, which, on this account, was afterward regarded as a place of abomination, and made a receptacle for all the refuse of the city, perpetual fires being kept up in order to prevent pestilential effluvia. In the New Testament the name is transferred, by an easy metaphor, to Hell. The pleasant valley of Hinnom. Tophet thence And black Gehenna called, the type of Hell. Milton.
GEIC Ge"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, earthy or vegetable mold. Geic acid. (Chem.) See Humin.
GEIN Ge"in, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)
Defn: See Humin.
GEISHA Gei"sha (ga"sha), n.; pl. Geisha (-sha), Geishas (-shaz). [Jap.]
Defn: A Japanese singing and dancing girl.
GEISSLER TUBE Geis"sler tube`. (Elec.)
Defn: A glass tube provided with platinum electrodes, and containing some gas under very low tension, which becomes luminous when an electrical discharge is passed through it; -- so called from the name of a noted maker in germany. It is called also Plücker tube, from the German physicist who devised it.
GEITONOGAMY Gei"to*nog"a*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: Fertilization of flowers by pollen from other flowers on the same plant.
GELABLE Gel"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. gelare to congeal: cf. F. gelable. See Geal.]
Defn: Capable of being congealed; capable of being converted into jelly.
GELADA Gel"a*da, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A baboon (Gelada Ruppelli) of Abyssinia, remarkable for the length of the hair on the neck and shoulders of the adult male.
GELASTIC Ge*las"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: Pertaining to laughter; used in laughing. "Gelastic muscles." Sir T. Browne.
GELATIFICATION Ge*lat"i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Gelatin + L. -ficare. (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Defn: The formation of gelatin.
GELATIGENOUS Gel`a*tig"e*nous, n. Etym: [Gelatin + -genous.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Defn: Producing, or yielding, gelatin; gelatiniferous; as, the gelatigeneous tissues.
GELATIN; GELATINE Gel"a*tin
Defn: , Gel"a*tine (, n. Etym: [F. gélatine, fr. L. gelare to congeal. See Geal.] (Chem.) Animal jelly; glutinous material obtained from animal tissues by prolonged boiling. Specifically (Physiol. Chem.), a nitrogeneous colloid, not existing as such in the animal body, but formed by the hydrating action of boiling water on the collagen of various kinds of connective tissue (as tendons, bones, ligaments, etc.). Its distinguishing character is that of dissolving in hot water, and forming a jelly on cooling. It is an important ingredient of calf's-foot jelly, isinglass, glue, etc. It is used as food, but its nutritious qualities are of a low order.
Note: Both spellings, gelatin and gelatine, are in good use, but the tendency of writers on physiological chemistry favors the form in - in, as in the United States Dispensatory, the United States Pharmacopoeia, Fownes' Watts' Chemistry, Brande & Cox's Dictionary. Blasting gelatin, an explosive, containing about ninety-five parts of nitroglycerin and five of collodion. -- Gelatin process, a name applied to a number of processes in the arts, involving the use of gelatin. Especially: (a) (Photog.) A dry- plate process in which gelatin is used as a substitute for collodion as the sensitized material. This is the dry-plate process in general use, and plates of extreme sensitiveness are produced by it. (b) (Print.) A method of producing photographic copies of drawings, engravings, printed pages, etc., and also of photographic pictures, which can be printed from in a press with ink, or (in some applications of the process) which can be used as the molds of stereotype or electrotype plates. (c) (Print. or Copying) A method of producing facsimile copies of an original, written or drawn in aniline ink upon paper, thence transferred to a cake of gelatin softened with glycerin, from which impressions are taken upon ordinary paper. -- Vegetable gelatin. See Gliadin.
GELATINATE Ge*lat"i*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gelatinated; p. pr. & vb. n. Gelatinating.]
Defn: To convert into gelatin, or into a substance resembling jelly.
GELATINATE Ge*lat"i*nate, v. i.
Defn: To be converted into gelatin, or into a substance like jelly. Lapis lazuli, if calcined, does not effervesce, but gelatinates with the mineral acids. Kirwan.
GELATINATION Ge*lat`i*na"tion, n.
Defn: The act of process of converting into gelatin, or a substance like jelly.
GELATINE Gel"a*tine, n.
Defn: Same as Gelatin.
GELATINIFEROUS Gel`a*tin*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Gelatin + -ferous.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Defn: Yielding gelatin on boiling with water; capable of gelatination.
GELATINIFORM Gel`a*tin"i*form, a.
Defn: Having the form of gelatin.
GELATINIZATION Ge*lat`i*ni*za"tion, n.
Defn: Same as Gelatination.
GELATINIZE Ge*lat"i*nize, v. t.
1. To convert into gelatin or jelly. Same as Gelatinate, v. t.
2. (Photog.)
Defn: To coat, or otherwise treat, with gelatin.
GELATINIZE Ge*lat"i*nize, v. i.
Defn: Same as Gelatinate, v. i.
GELATINOUS Ge*lat"i*nous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. gélatineux.]
Defn: Of the nature and consistence of gelatin or the jelly; resembling jelly; viscous.
GELATION Ge*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. gelatio a freezing, fr. gelare to freeze.] (Astron.)
Defn: The process of becoming solid by cooling; a cooling and solidifying.
GELD Geld, n. Etym: [AS. gild, gield, geld, tribute, payment, fr. gieldan to pay, render. See Yield.]
Defn: Money; tribute; compensation; ransom.[Obs.]
Note: This word occurs in old law books in composition, as in danegeld, or danegelt, a tax imposed by the Danes; weregeld, compensation for the life of a man, etc.
GELD Geld, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gelded or Gelt (p. pr. & vb. n. Gelding.] Etym: [Icel. gelda to castrate; akin to Dan. gilde, Sw. gälla, and cf. AS. gilte a young sow, OHG. galt dry, not giving milk, G. gelt, Goth. gilpa siclke.]
1. To castrate; to emasculate.
2. To deprive of anything essential. Bereft and gelded of his patrimony. Shak.
3. To deprive of anything exceptionable; as, to geld a book, or a story; to expurgate. [Obs.] Dryden.
GELDABLE Geld"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being gelded.
GELDABLE Geld"a*ble, a. Etym: [From Geld money.]
Defn: Liable to taxation. [Obs.] Burrill.
GELDER Geld"er, n.
Defn: One who gelds or castrates.
GELDER-ROSE Gel"der-rose, n.
Defn: Same as Guelder-rose.
GELDING Geld"ing, n. Etym: [Icel. gelding a gelding, akin to geldingr wether, eunuch, Sw. gälling gelding, Dan. gilding eunuch. See Geld, v. t.]
Defn: A castrated animal; -- usually applied to a horse, but formerly used also of the human male. They went down both into the water, Philip and the gelding, and Philip baptized him. Wyclif (Acts viii. 38).
GELDING Geld"ing, p. pr. a. & vb. n..
Defn: from Geld, v. t.
GELID Gel"id, a. Etym: [L. gelidus, fr. gelun frost, cold. See Cold, and cf. Congeal, Gelatin, Jelly.]
Defn: Cold; very cold; frozen. "Gelid founts." Thompson.
GELIDITY Ge*lid"i*ty, n.
Defn: The state of being gelid.
GELIDLY Gel"id*ly, adv.
Defn: In a gelid manner; coldly.
GELIDNESS Gel"id*ness, n.
Defn: The state of being gelid; gelidity.
GELLY Gel"ly, n.
Defn: Jelly. [Obs.] Spenser.
GELOSCOPY Ge*los"copy, n. Etym: [Gr. -scopy.]
Defn: Divination by means of laughter.
GELOSE Ge*lose", n. Etym: [See Gelatin.] (Chem.)
Defn: An amorphous, gummy carbohydrate, found in Gelidium, agar-agar, and other seaweeds.
GELSEMIC Gel*se"mic, a.
Defn: Gelseminic.
GELSEMINE Gel"se*mine, n. (Chem.)
Defn: An alkaloid obtained from the yellow jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens), as a bitter white semicrystalline substance; -- called also gelsemia.
GELSEMINIC Gel`se*min"ic, n. (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, the yellow jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens); as, gelseminic acid, a white crystalline substance resembling esculin.
GELSEMIUM Gel*se"mium, n. Etym: [NL., fr. It. gelsomino jasmine.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of climbing plants. The yellow (false) jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens) is a native of the Southern United States. It has showy and deliciously fragrant flowers.
2. (Med.)
Defn: The root of the yellow jasmine, used in malarial fevers, etc.
GELT Gelt, n. Etym: [See 1st Geld.]
Defn: Trubute, tax. [Obs.] All these the king granted unto them . . . free from all gelts and payments, in a most full and ample manner. Fuller.
GELT Gelt, n. Etym: [See Gelt, v. t.]
Defn: A gelding. [Obs.] Mortimer.
GELT Gelt, n.
Defn: Gilding; tinsel. [Obs.] Spenser.
GEM Gem, n. Etym: [OE. gemme precious stone, F. gemme, fr. L. gemma a precious stone, bud.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A bud. From the joints of thy prolific stem A swelling knot is raised called a gem. Denham.
2. A precious stone of any kind, as the ruby, emerald, topaz, sapphire, beryl, spinel, etc., especially when cut and polished for ornament; a jewel. Milton.
3. Anything of small size, or expressed within brief limits, which is regarded as a gem on account of its beauty or value, as a small picture, a verse of poetry, a witty or wise saying. Artificial gem, an imitation of a gem, made of glass colored with metallic oxide. Cf. Paste, and Strass.
GEM Gem v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gemmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gemming]
1. To put forth in the form of buds. "Gemmed their blossoms." [R.] Milton.
2. To adorn with gems or precious stones.
3. To embellish or adorn, as with gems; as, a foliage gemmed with dewdrops. England is . . . gemmed with castles and palaces. W. Irving.
GEMARA Ge*ma"ra, n. Etym: [Heb.] (Jewish Law)
Defn: The second part of the Talmud, or the commentary on the Mishna (which forms the first part or text).
GEMARIC Ge*mar"ic, a.
Defn: Pertaining to the Gemara.
GEMARIST Ge*ma"rist, n.
Defn: One versed in the Gemara, or adhering to its teachings.
GEMEL Gem"el, a. Etym: [OF. gemel twin, F. jumeau, L. gemellus twin, doubled, dim. of geminus. See Gemini, and cf. Gimmal.] (Her.)
Defn: Coupled; paired. Bars gemel (Her.), two barrulets placed near and parallel to each other.
GEMEL Gem"el, n.
1. One of the twins. [Obs.] Wyclif.
2. (Heb.)
Defn: One of the barrulets placed parallel and closed to each other. Cf. Bars gemel, under Gemel, a. Two gemels silver between two griffins passant. Strype. Gemel hinge (Locksmithing), a hinge consisting of an eye or loop and a hook. -- Gemel ring, a ring with two or more links; a gimbal. See Gimbal. -- Gemel window, a window with two bays.
GEMELLIPA-ROUS Gem`el*lip"a-rous, a. Etym: [L. gemellipara, fem., gemellus twin + parere to bear, produce.]
Defn: Producing twins. [R.] Bailey.
GEMINAL Gem"i*nal, a. Etym: [L. geminus twin.]
Defn: A pair. [Obs.] Drayton.
GEMINATE Gem"i*nate, a. Etym: [L. geminatus, p.p. of genimare to double. See Gemini.] (Bot.)
Defn: In pairs or twains; two together; binate; twin; as, geminate flowers. Gray.
GEMINATE Gem"i*nate, v. t.
Defn: To double. [R.] B. Jonson.
GEMINATION Gem`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. geminatio.]
Defn: A doubling; duplication; repetition. [R.] Boyle.
GEMINI Gem"i*ni, n. pl. Etym: [L., twins, pl. of geminus; cf. Skr. j related as brother or sister.] (Astron.)
Defn: A constellation of the zodiac, containing the two bright stars Castor and Pollux; also, the third sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about May 20th.
GEMINIFLOROUS Gem`i*ni*flo"rous, a. Etym: [L. geminus twin + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.)
Defn: Having the flowers arranged in pairs.
GEMINOUS Gem"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. geminus.]
Defn: Double; in pairs. Sir T. Browne.
GEMINY Gemi*ny, n. Etym: [See Gemini.]
Defn: Twins; a pair; a couple. [Obs.] Shak.
GEMITORES Gem`i*to"res, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. gemere, gemitum, to sign, moan.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A division of birds including the true pigeons.
GEMMA Gem"ma, n.; pl. Gemmæ. Etym: [L., a bud.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A leaf bud, as distinguished from a flower bud.
2. (Biol.)
Defn: A bud spore; one of the small spores or buds in the reproduction of certain Protozoa, which separate one at a time from the parent cell.
GEMMACEOUS Gem*ma"ceous, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to gems or to gemmæ; of the nature of, or resembling, gems or gemmæ.
GEMMARY Gem"ma*ry, a. Etym: [L. gemmarius. See Gem.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to gems.
GEMMARY Gem"ma*ry, n.
Defn: A receptacle for jewels or gems; a jewel house; jewels or gems, collectively.
GEMMATE Gem"mate, a. Etym: [L. gemmatus, p. p. of gemmare to put forth buds, fr. gemma bud.] (Bot.)
Defn: Having buds; reproducing by buds.
GEMMATED Gem"ma*ted, a.
Defn: Having buds; adorned with gems or jewels.
GEMMATION Gem*ma"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. gemmation.]
1. (Biol.)
Defn: The formation of a new individual, either animal or vegetable, by a process of budding; an asexual method of reproduction; gemmulation; gemmiparity. See Budding.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: The arrangement of buds on the stalk; also, of leaves in the bud.
GEMMEOUS Gem"me*ous, a. Etym: [L. gemmeus. See Gem.]
Defn: Pertaining to gems; of the nature of gems; resembling gems. Pennant.
GEMMIFEROUS Gem*mif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. gemma bud + -ferous: cf. F. gemmifère.]
Defn: Producing gems or buds; (Biol.)
Defn: multiplying by buds.
GEMMIFICATION Gem`mi*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. gemma bud + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] (Biol.)
Defn: The production of a bud or gem.
GEMMIFLORATE Gem`mi*flo"rate, a. Etym: [L. gemma bud + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.)
Defn: Having flowers like buds.
GEMMINESS Gem"mi*ness, n.
Defn: The state or quality of being gemmy; spruceness; smartness.
GEMMIPARA; GEMMIPARES Gem*mip"a*ra Gem*mip"a*res n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. gemma bud + parere to produce.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Animals which increase by budding, as hydroids.
GEMMIPARITY Gem`mi*par"i*ty, n. (Biol.)
Defn: Reproduction by budding; gemmation. See Budding.
GEMMIPAROUS Gem*mip"a*rous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. gemmipare.] (Biol.)
Defn: Producing buds; reproducing by buds. See Gemmation, 1.
GEMMOSITY Gem*mos"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. gemmosus set with jewels. See Gem.]
Defn: The quality or characteristics of a gem or jewel. [Obs.] Bailey.
GEMMULATION Gem`mu*la"tion, n. Etym: [From L. gemmula, dim. of gemma bud.] (Biol.)
Defn: See Gemmation.
GEMMULE Gem"mule, n. Etym: [L. gemmula, dim. of gemma: cf. F. gemmule. See Gem.]
1. (Bot.) (a) A little leaf bud, as the plumule between the cotyledons. (b) One of the buds of mosses. (c) One of the reproductive spores of algæ. (d) An ovule.
2. (Biol.) (a) A bud produced in generation by gemmation. (b) One of the imaginary granules or atoms which, according to Darwin's hypothesis of pangenesis, are continually being thrown off from every cell or unit, and circulate freely throughout the system, and when supplied with proper nutriment multiply by self-division and ultimately develop into cells like those from which they were derived. They are supposed to be transmitted from the parent to the offspring, but are often transmitted in a dormant state during many generations and are then developed. See Pangenesis.
GEMMULIFEROUS Gem`mu*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Gemmule + -ferous.]
Defn: Bearing or producing gemmules or buds.
GEMMY Gem"my, a. Etym: [From Gem, n.]
1. Full of gems; bright; glittering like a gem. The gemmy bridle glittered free. Tennyson.
2. Spruce; smart. [Colloq. Eng.]
GEMOTE Ge*mote", n. Etym: [As. gem an assembly. See Meet, v. t.] (AS. Hist.)
Defn: A meeting; -- used in combination, as, Witenagemote, an assembly of the wise men.
GEMS Gems, n. Etym: [G.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The chamois.
GEMSBOK Gems"bok, n. Etym: [D.; akin to G. gemsbock the male or buck of the chamois; gemse chamois, goat of the Alps + bock buck.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A South African antelope (Oryx Capensis), having long, sharp, nearly straight horns.
GEMS-HORN Gems"-horn`, n. Etym: [G., prop., chamois horn.] (Mus.)
Defn: An organ stop with conical tin pipes.
GEMUL Ge*mul", n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A small South American deer (Furcifer Chilensis), with simple forked horns. [Written also guemul.]
-GEN -gen. Etym: [(1) From Gr. -gen-, from the same root as ge`nos race, stock (see Genus). (2) From Gr. suffix -genh`s born. Cf. F. -gène.]
1. A suffix used in scientific words in the sense of producing, generating: as, amphigen, amidogen, halogen.
2. A suffix meaning produced, generated; as, exogen.
GENA Ge"na, Etym: [L., the cheek.] (Zoöl.) (a) The cheek; the feathered side of the under mandible of a bird. (b) The part of the head to which the jaws of an insect are attached.
GENAPPE Ge*nappe", n. Etym: [From Genappe, in Belgium.]
Defn: A worsted yarn or cord of peculiar smoothness, used in the manufacture of braid, fringe, etc. Simmonds.
GENDARME Gen`darme", n.; pl. Gendarmes, or Gens d'armes. Etym: [F.]
1. (Mil.)
Defn: One of a body of heavy cavalry. [Obs.] [France]
2. An armed policeman in France. Thackeray.
GENDARMERY Gen*darm"er*y, n. Etym: [F. gendarmerie.]
Defn: The body of gendarmes.
GENDER Gen"der, n. Etym: [OF. genre, gendre (with excrescent d.), F.genre, fr. L. genus, generis, birth, descent, race, kind, gender, fr. the root of genere, gignere, to beget, in pass., to be born, akin to E. kin. See Kin, and cf. Generate, Genre, Gentle, Genus.]
1. Kind; sort. [Obs.] "One gender of herbs." Shak.
2. Sex, male or female. [Obs. or Colloq.]
3. (Gram.)
Defn: A classification of nouns, primarily according to sex; and secondarily according to some fancied or imputed quality associated with sex. Gender is a grammatical distinction and applies to words only. Sex is natural distinction and applies to living objects. R. Morris.
Note: Adjectives and pronouns are said to vary in gender when the form is varied according to the gender of the words to which they refer.
GENDER Gen"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gendered; p. pr. & vb. n. Gendering.] Etym: [OF. gendrer, fr. L. generare. See Gender, n.]
Defn: To beget; to engender.
GENDER Gen"der, v. i.
Defn: To copulate; to breed. [R.] Shak.
GENDERLESS Gen"der*less, a.
Defn: Having no gender.
GENEAGENESIS Gen`e*a*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. genesis.] (Biol.)
Defn: Alternate generation. See under Generation.
GENEALOGIC Gen`e*a*log"ic, a.
Defn: Genealogical.
GENEALOGICAL Gen`e*a*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. généalogique.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to genealogy; as, a genealogical table; genealogical order. -- Gen`e*a*log"ic*al*ly, adv. Genealogical tree, a family lineage or genealogy drawn out under the form of a tree and its branches.
GENEALOGIST Gen`e*al"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. généalogiste.]
Defn: One who traces genealogies or the descent of persons or families.
GENEALOGIZE Gen`e*al"o*gize, v. i.
Defn: To investigate, or relate the history of, descents.
GENEALOGY Gen`e*al"o*gy, n.; pl. Genealogies. Etym: [OE. genealogi, genelogie, OF. genelogie, F. généalogie, L. genealogia, fr. Gr. genus) +
1. An account or history of the descent of a person or family from an ancestor; enumeration of ancestors and their children in the natural order of succession; a pedigree.
2. Regular descent of a person or family from a progenitor; pedigree; lineage.
GENEARCH Gen"e*arch, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: The chief of a family or tribe.
GENERA Gen"e*ra, n. pl.
Defn: See Genus.
GENERABILITY Gen`er*a*bil"i*ty, n.
Defn: Capability of being generated. Johnstone.
GENERABLE Gen"er*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. generabilis.]
Defn: Capable of being generated or produced. Bentley.
GENERAL Gen"er*al, a. Etym: [F. général, fr. L. generalis. See Genus.]
1. Relating to a genus or kind; pertaining to a whole class or order; as, a general law of animal or vegetable economy.
2. Comprehending many species or individuals; not special or particular; including all particulars; as, a general inference or conclusion.
3. Not restrained or limited to a precise import; not specific; vague; indefinite; lax in signification; as, a loose and general expression.
4. Common to many, or the greatest number; widely spread; prevalent; extensive, though not universal; as, a general opinion; a general custom. This general applause and cheerful sShak.
5. Having a relation to all; common to the whole; as, Adam, our general sire. Milton.
6. As a whole; in gross; for the most part. His general behavior vain, ridiculous. Shak.
7. Usual; common, on most occasions; as, his general habit or method.
Note: The word general, annexed to a name of office, usually denotes chief or superior; as, attorney-general; adjutant general; commissary general; quartermaster general; vicar-general, etc. General agent (Law), an agent whom a principal employs to transact all his business of a particular kind, or to act in his affairs generally. -- General assembly. See the Note under Assembly. -- General average, General Court. See under Average, Court. -- General court-martial (Mil.), the highest military and naval judicial tribunal. -- General dealer (Com.), a shopkeeper who deals in all articles in common use. -- General demurrer (Law), a demurrer which objects to a pleading in general terms, as insufficient, without specifying the defects. Abbott. -- General epistle, a canonical epistle. -- General guides (Mil.), two sergeants (called the right, and the left, general guide) posted opposite the right and left flanks of an infantry battalion, to preserve accuracy in marching. Farrow. -- General hospitals (Mil.), hospitals established to receive sick and wounded sent from the field hospitals. Farrow. General issue (Law), an issue made by a general plea, which traverses the whole declaration or indictment at once, without offering any special matter to evade it. Bouvier. Burrill. -- General lien (Law), a right to detain a chattel, etc., until payment is made of any balance due on a general account. -- General officer (Mil.), any officer having a rank above that of colonel. -- General orders (Mil.), orders from headquarters published to the whole command. -- General practitioner, in the United States, one who practices medicine in all its branches without confining himself to any specialty; in England, one who practices both as physician and as surgeon. -- General ship, a ship not chartered or let to particular parties. -- General term (Logic), a term which is the sign of a general conception or notion. -- General verdict (Law), the ordinary comprehensive verdict in civil actions, "for the plaintiff" or "for the defendant". Burrill. -- General warrant (Law), a warrant, now illegal, to apprehend suspected persons, without naming individuals.
Syn. General, Common, Universal. Common denotes primarily that in which many share; and hence, that which is often met with. General is stronger, denoting that which pertains to a majority of the individuals which compose a genus, or whole. Universal, that which pertains to all without exception. To be able to read and write is so common an attainment in the United States, that we may pronounce it general, though by no means universal.
Syn: Gen"er*al, n. Etym: [F. général. See General., a.]
1. The whole; the total; that which comprehends or relates to all, or the chief part; -- opposed to particular. In particulars our knowledge begins, and so spreads itself by degrees to generals. Locke.
2. (Mil.)
Defn: One of the chief military officers of a government or country; the commander of an army, of a body of men not less than a brigade. In European armies, the highest military rank next below field marshal.
Note: In the United States the office of General of the Army has been created by temporary laws, and has been held only by Generals U. S. Grant, W. T. Sherman, and P. H. Sheridan. Popularly, the title General is given to various general officers, as General, Lieutenant general, Major general, Brigadier general, Commissary general, etc. See Brigadier general, Lieutenant general, Major general, in the Vocabulary.
3. (Mil.)
Defn: The roll of the drum which calls the troops together; as, to beat the general.
4. (Eccl.)
Defn: The chief of an order of monks, or of all the houses or congregations under the same rule.
5. The public; the people; the vulgar. [Obs.] Shak. In general, in the main; for the most part.
GENERALIA Gen`e*ra"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [Neut. pl., fr. L. generalis.]
Defn: Generalities; general terms. J. S. Mill.
GENERALISSIMO Gen`er*al*is"si*mo, n. Etym: [It., superl. of generale general. See General, a.]
Defn: The chief commander of an army; especially, the commander in chief of an army consisting of two or more grand divisions under separate commanders; -- a title used in most foreign countries.
GENERALITY Gen`er*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Generalities. Etym: [L. generalitas: cf. F. généralité. Cf. Generalty.]
1. The state of being general; the quality of including species or particulars. Hooker.
2. That which is general; that which lacks specificalness, practicalness, or application; a general or vague statement or phrase. Let us descend from generalities to particulars. Landor. The glittering and sounding generalities of natural right which make up the Declaration of Independence. R. Choate.
3. The main body; the bulk; the greatest part; as, the generality of a nation, or of mankind.
GENERALIZABLE Gen"er*al*i`za*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being generalized, or reduced to a general form of statement, or brought under a general rule. Extreme cases are . . . not generalizable. Coleridge
GENERALIZATION Gen`er*al*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. généralisation.]
1. The act or process of generalizing; the act of bringing individuals or particulars under a genus or class; deduction of a general principle from particulars. Generalization is only the apprehension of the one in the many. Sir W. Hamilton.
2. A general inference.
GENERALIZE Gen"er*al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Generalized; p. pr. & vb. n. Generalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. généraliser.]
1. To bring under a genus or under genera; to view in relation to a genus or to genera. Copernicus generalized the celestial motions by merely referring them to the moon's motion. Newton generalized them still more by referring this last to the motion of a stone through the air. W. Nicholson.
2. To apply to other genera or classes; to use with a more extensive application; to extend so as to include all special cases; to make universal in application, as a formula or rule. When a fact is generalized, our discontent is quited, and we consider the generality itself as tantamount to an explanation. Sir W. Hamilton.
3. To derive or deduce (a general conception, or a general principle) from particulars. A mere conclusion generalized from a great multitude of facts. Coleridge.
GENERALIZE Gen"er*al*ize, v. i.
Defn: To form into a genus; to view objects in their relations to a genus or class; to take general or comprehensive views.
GENERALIZED Gen"er*al*ized, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Comprising structural characters which are separated in more specialized forms; synthetic; as, a generalized type.
GENERALIZER Gen"er*al*i`zer (, n.
Defn: One who takes general or comprehensive views. Tyndall.
GENERALLY Gen"er*al*ly, adv.
1. In general; commonly; extensively, though not universally; most frequently.
2. In a general way, or in general relation; in the main; upon the whole; comprehensively. Generally speaking, they live very quietly. Addison.
3. Collectively; as a whole; without omissions. [Obs.] I counsel that all Israel be generally gathered unto thee. 2 Sam. xvii. ll.
GENERALNESS Gen"er*al*ness, n.
Defn: The condition or quality of being general; frequency; commonness. Sir P. Sidney.
GENERALSHIP Gen"er*al*ship, n.
1. The office of a general; the exercise of the functions of a general; -- sometimes, with the possessive pronoun, the personality of a general. Your generalship puts me in mind of Prince Eugene. Goldsmith.
2. Military skill in a general officer or commander.
3. Fig.: Leadership; management. An artful stroke of generalship in Trim to raise a dust. Sterne.
GENERALTY Gen"er*al*ty, n.
Defn: Generality. [R.] Sir M. Hale.
GENERANT Gen"er*ant, a. Etym: [L. generans, p. pr. of generare.]
Defn: Generative; producing; esp. (Geom.),
Defn: acting as a generant.
GENERANT Gen"er*ant, n.
1. That which generates. Glanvill.
2. (Geom.)
Defn: A generatrix.
GENERATE Gen"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Generated; p. pr. & vb. n. Generating.] Etym: [L. generatus, p. p. of generare to generate, fr. genus. See Genus, Gender.]
1. To beget; to procreate; to propagate; to produce (a being similar to the parent); to engender; as, every animal generates its own species.
2. To cause to be; to bring into life. Milton.
3. To originate, especially by a vital or chemical process; to produce; to cause. Whatever generates a quantity of good chyle must likewise generate milk. Arbuthnot.
4. (Math.)
Defn: To trace out, as a line, figure, or solid, by the motion of a point or a magnitude of inferior order.
GENERATION Gen`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [OE. generacioun, F. génération, fr.L. generatio.]
1. The act of generating or begetting; procreation, as of animals.
2. Origination by some process, mathematical, chemical, or vital; production; formation; as, the generation of sounds, of gases, of curves, etc.
3. That which is generated or brought forth; progeny; offspiring.
4. A single step or stage in the succession of natural descent; a rank or remove in genealogy. Hence: The body of those who are of the same genealogical rank or remove from an ancestor; the mass of beings living at one period; also, the average lifetime of man, or the ordinary period of time at which one rank follows another, or father is succeeded by child, usually assumed to be one third of a century; an age. This is the book of the generations of Adam. Gen. v. 1. Ye shall remain there [in Babylon] many years, and for a long season, namely, seven generations. Baruch vi. 3. All generations and ages of the Christian church. Hooker.
5. Race; kind; family; breed; stock. Thy mother's of my generation; what's she, if I be a dog Shak.
6. (Geom.)
Defn: The formation or production of any geometrical magnitude, as a line, a surface, a solid, by the motion, in accordance with a mathematical law, of a point or a magnitude; as, the generation of a line or curve by the motion of a point, of a surface by a line, a sphere by a semicircle, etc.
7. (Biol.)
Defn: The aggregate of the functions and phenomene which attend reproduction.
Note: There are four modes of generation in the animal kingdom: scissiparity or by fissiparous generation, gemmiparity or by budding, germiparity or by germs, and oviparity or by ova. Alternate generation (Biol.), alternation of sexual with asexual generation, in which the products of one process differ from those of the other, -- a form of reproduction common both to animal and vegetable organisms. In the simplest form, the organism arising from sexual generation produces offspiring unlike itself, agamogenetically. These, however, in time acquire reproductive organs, and from their impregnated germs the original parent form is reproduced. In more complicated cases, the first series of organisms produced agamogenetically may give rise to others by a like process, and these in turn to still other generations. Ultimately, however, a generation is formed which develops sexual organs, and the original form is reproduced. -- Spontaneous generation (Biol.), the fancied production of living organisms without previously existing parents from inorganic matter, or from decomposing organic matter, a notion which at one time had many supporters; abiogenesis.
GENERATIVE Gen"er*a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. génératif.]
Defn: Having the power of generating, propagating, originating, or producing. "That generative particle." Bentley.
GENERATOR Gen"er*a`tor, n. Etym: [L.]
1. One who, or that which, generates, begets, causes, or produces.