Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (part 46 of 60)
3. A rough, woolly, or shaggy dog. Rug gown, a gown made of rug, of or coarse, shaggy cloth. B. Johnson.
RUG Rug, v. t.
Defn: To pull roughly or hastily; to plunder; to spoil; to tear. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
RUGA Ru"ga, n.; pl. Rugæ. Etym: [L.] (Nat. Hist.)
Defn: A wrinkle; a fold; as, the rugæ of the stomach.
RUGATE Ru"gate, a. Etym: [L. rugatus, p.p. of rugare to wrinkle, fr. ruga a wrinkle.]
Defn: Having alternate ridges and depressions; wrinkled. Dana.
RUGGED Rug"ged, a. Etym: [See Rug, n.]
1. Full of asperities on the surface; broken into sharp or irregular points, or otherwise uneven; not smooth; rough; as, a rugged mountain; a rugged road. The rugged bark of some broad elm. Milton.
2. Not neat or regular; uneven. His well-proportioned beard made rough and rugged. Shak.
3. Rough with bristles or hair; shaggy. "The rugged Russian bear." Shak.
4. Harsh; hard; crabbed; austere; -- said of temper, character, and the like, or of persons. Neither melt nor endear him, but leave him as hard, rugged, and unconcerned as ever. South.
5. Stormy; turbulent; tempestuous; rude. Milton.
6. Rough to the ear; harsh; grating; -- said of sound, style, and the like. Through the harsh cadence of a rugged line. Dryden.
7. Sour; surly; frowning; wrinkled; -- said of looks, etc. "Sleek o'er your rugged looks." Shak.
8. Violent; rude; boisterrous; -- said of conduct, manners, etc.
9. Vigorous; robust; hardy; -- said of health, physique, etc. [Colloq. U.S.]
Syn. -- Rough; uneven; wrinkled; cragged; coarse; rude; harsh; hard; crabbed; severe; austere; surly; sour; frowning; violent; boisterous; tumultuous; turbulent; stormy; tempestuous; inclement. -- Rug"ged*ly, adv. -- Rug"ged*ness, n.
RUGGING Rug"ging, n.
Defn: A coarse kind of woolen cloth, used for wrapping, blanketing, etc.
RUG-GOWNED Rug"-gowned, a.
Defn: Wearing a coarse gown or shaggy garment made of rug. Beau. & Fl.
RUGGY Rug"gy, a.
Defn: Rugged; rough. [Obs.] "With ruggy, ashy hairs." Chaucer.
RUG-HEADED Rug"-head`ed, a.
Defn: Having shaggy hair; shock-headed. [Obs.] Those rough rug-headed kerns. Shak.
RUGIN Rug"in, n.
Defn: A nappy cloth. [Obs.] Wiseman.
RUGINE Ru"gine, n. Etym: [F.] (Surg.)
Defn: An instrument for scraping the periosteum from bones; a raspatory.
RUGINE Ru"gine, v. t. Etym: [F. ruginer to scrape.]
Defn: To scrape or rasp, as a bone; to scale. [R.] Wiseman.
RUGOSA Ru*go"sa, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Rugose.] (Paleon.)
Defn: An extinct tribe of fossil corals, including numerous species, many of them of large size. They are characteristic of the Paleozoic formations. The radiating septs, when present, are usually in multiples of four. See Cyathophylloid.
RUGOSE Ru*gose", a. Etym: [L. rugosus, r. ruga a wrinkle.]
Defn: Wrinkled; full of wrinkles; specifically (Bot.), having the veinlets sunken and the spaces between them elevated, as the leaves of the sage and horehound.
RUGOSITY Ru*gos"i*ty, n. Etym: [l. rugositas: cf. F. rugosité.]
Defn: The quality or state of being rugose.
RUGOUS Ru"gous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. rugueux.]
Defn: Wrinkled; rugose.
RUGULOSE Ru`gu*lose", a.
Defn: Somewhat rugose.
RUHMKORFF'S COIL Ruhm"korff's coil`. Etym: [So called from its inventor, Ruhmkorff, a german physicist.] (Elec.)
Defn: See Induction coil, under Induction.
RUIN Ru"in, n. Etym: [OE. ruine, F. ruine, fr. L. ruina, fr. ruere, rutum, to fall with violence, to rush or tumble down.]
1. The act of falling or tumbling down; fall. [Obs.] "His ruin startled the other steeds." Chapman.
2. Such a change of anything as destroys it, or entirely defeats its object, or unfits it for use; destruction; overthrow; as, the ruin of a ship or an army; the ruin of a constitution or a government; the ruin of health or hopes. "Ruin seize thee, ruthless king!" Gray.
3. That which is fallen down and become worthless from injury or decay; as, his mind is a ruin; especially, in the plural, the remains of a destroyed, dilapidated, or desolate house, fortress, city, or the like. The Veian and the Gabian towers shall fall, And one promiscuous ruin cover all; Nor, after length of years, a stone betray The place where once the very ruins lay. Addison. The labor of a day will not build up a virtuous habit on the ruins of an old and vicious character. Buckminster.
4. The state of being dcayed, or of having become ruined or worthless; as, to be in ruins; to go to ruin.
5. That which promotes injury, decay, or destruction. The errors of young men are the ruin of business. Bacon.
Syn. -- Destruction; downfall; perdition; fall; overthrow; subversion; defeat; bane; pest; mischief.
RUIN Ru"in, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ruined;p. pr. & vb. n. Ruining.] Etym: [Cf. F. ruiner, LL. ruinare. See Ruin, n.]
Defn: To bring to ruin; to cause to fall to pieces and decay; to make to perish; to bring to destruction; to bring to poverty or bankruptcy; to impair seriously; to damage essentially; to overthrow. this mortal house I'll ruin. Shak. By thee raised, I ruin all my foes. Milton. The eyes of other people are the eyes that ruin us. Franklin. By the fireside there are old men seated, Seeling ruined cities in the ashes. Longfellow.
RUIN Ru"in, v. i.
Defn: To fall to ruins; to go to ruin; to become decayed or dilapidated; to perish. [R.] Though he his house of polished marble build, Yet shall it ruin like the moth's frail cell. Sandys. If we are idle, and disturb the industrious in their business, we shall ruin the faster. Locke.
RUINABLE Ru"in*a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being ruined.
RUINATE Ru"in*ate, v. t. Etym: [LL. ruinatus, p.p. of ruinare to ruin. See Ruin.]
1. To demolish; to subvert; to destroy; to reduce to poverty; to ruin. I will not ruinate my fShak. Ruinating thereby the health of their bodies. Burton.
2. To cause to fall; to cast down. On the other side they saw that perilous rock Threatening itself on them to ruinate. Spenser.
RUINATE Ru"in*ate, v. i.
Defn: To fall; to tumble. [Obs.]
RUINATE Ru"in*ate, a. Etym: [L. ruinatus, p.p.]
Defn: Involved in ruin; ruined. My brother Edward lives in pomp and state, I in a mansion here all ruinate. J. Webster.
RUINATION Ru`in*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. ruinatio.]
Defn: The act of ruining, or the state of being ruined.
RUINER Ru"in*er, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, ruins.
RUINIFORM Ru"in*i*form, a. Etym: [Ruin + -form: cf. F. ruiniforme.]
Defn: Having the appearance of ruins, or of the ruins of houses; -- said of certain minerals.
RUINOUS Ru"in*ous, a. Etym: [L. ruinosus: cf. F. ruineux. See Ruin.]
1. Causing, or tending to cause, ruin; destructive; baneful; pernicious; as, a ruinous project. After a night of storm so ruinous. Milton.
2. Characterized by ruin; ruined; dilapidated; as, an edifice, bridge, or wall in a ruinous state.
3. Composed of, or consisting in, ruins. Behold, Damascus . . . shall be a ruinous heap. Isa. xvii. 1.
Syn. -- Dilapidated; decayed; demolished; pernicious; destructive; baneful; wasteful; mischievous. -- Ru"in*ous*ly, adv. -- Ru"in*ous*ness, n.
RUKH Rukh, n. Etym: [Srr Roc.]
1. The roc.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A large bird, supposed by some to be the same as the extinct Epiornis of Madagascar. [Obs.]
RULABLE Rul"a*ble, a.
Defn: That may be ruled; subject to rule; accordant or conformable to rule. Bacon.
RULE Rule, n. Etym: [OE. reule, riule, OF. riule, reule, F. régle, fr. L. regula a ruler, rule, model, fr. regere, rectum, to lead straight, to direct. See Right, a., and cf. Regular.]
1. That which is prescribed or laid down as a guide for conduct or action; a governing direction for a specific purpose; an authoritative enactment; a regulation; a prescription; a precept; as, the rules of various societies; the rules governing a school; a rule of etiquette or propriety; the rules of cricket. We profess to have embraced a religion which contains the most exact rules for the government of our lives. Tillotson.
2. Hence: (a) Uniform or established course of things. 'T is against the rule of nature. Shak.
(b) Systematic method or practice; as, my ule is to rise at six o'clock. (c) Ordibary course of procedure; usual way; comon state or condition of things; as, it is a rule to which there are many exeptions. (d) Conduct in general; behavior. [Obs.] This uncivil rule; she shall know of it. Shak.
3. The act of ruling; administration of law; government; empire; authority; control. Obey them that have the rule over you. Heb. xiii. 17. His stern rule the groaning land obeyed. Pope.
4. (Law)
Defn: An order regulating the practice of the courts, or an order made between parties to an action or a suit. Wharton.
5. (Math.)
Defn: A determinate method prescribed for performing any operation and producing a certain result; as, a rule for extracting the cube root.
6. (Gram.)
Defn: A general principle concerning the formation or use of words, or a concise statement thereof; thus, it is a rule in England, that s or es , added to a noun in the singular number, forms the plural of that noun; but "man" forms its plural "men", and is an exception to the rule.
7. (a) A straight strip of wood, metal, or the like, which serves as a guide in drawing a straight line; a ruler. (b) A measuring instrument consisting of a graduated bar of wood, ivory, metal, or the like, which is usually marked so as to show inches and fractions of an inch, and jointed so that it may be folded compactly. A judicious artist will use his eye, but he will trust only to his rule. South.
8. (Print.) (a) A thin plate of metal (usually brass) of the same height as the type, and used for printing lines, as between columns on the same page, or in tabular work. (b) A composing rule. See under Conposing. As a rule, as a general thing; in the main; usually; as, he behaves well, as a rule. -- Board rule, Caliber rule,etc. See under Board, Caliber, etc. -- Rule joint, a knuckle joint having shoulders that abut when the connected pieces come in line with each other, and thus permit folding in one direction only. -- Rule of three (Arith.), that rule which directs, when three terms are given, how to find a fourth, which shall have the same ratio to the third term as the second has to the first; proportion. See Proportion, 5 (b). -- Rule of thumb, any rude process or operation, like that of using the thumb as a rule in measuring; hence, judgment and practical experience as distinguished from scientific knowledge.
Syn. -- regulation; law; precept; maxim; guide; canon; order; method; direction; control; government; sway; empire.
RULE Rule, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ruled; p. pr. & vb. n. Ruling.] Etym: [Cf. OF. riuler, ruiler, L. regulare. See Rule, n., and cf. Regulate.]
1. To control the will and actions of; to exercise authority or dominion over; to govern; to manage. Chaucer. A bishop then must be blameless; . . . one that ruleth well his own house, having his children in subjection. 1 Tim. iii. 2, 4.
2. To control or direct by influence, counsel, or persuasion; to guide; -- used chiefly in the passive. I think she will be ruled In all respects by me. Shak.
3. To establish or settle by, or as by, a rule; to fix by universal or general consent, or by common practice. That's are ruled case with the schoolmen. Atterbury.
4. (Law)
Defn: To require or command by rule; to give as a direction or order of court.
5. To mark with lines made with a pen, pencil, etc., guided by a rule or ruler; to print or mark with lines by means of a rule or other contrivance effecting a similar result; as, to rule a sheet of paper of a blank book. Ruled surface (Geom.), any surface that may be described by a straight line moving according to a given law; -- called also a scroll.
RULE Rule, v. i.
1. To have power or command; to exercise supreme authority; -- often followed by over. By me princes rule, and nobles. Prov. viii. 16. We subdue and rule over all other creatures. Ray.
2. (Law)
Defn: To lay down and settle a rule or order of court; to decide an incidental point; to enter a rule. Burril. Bouvier.
3. (Com.)
Defn: To keep within a (certain) range for a time; to be in general, or as a rule; as, prices ruled lower yesterday than the day before.
RULELESS Rule"less, a.
Defn: Destitute of rule; lawless. Spenser.
RULE-MONGER Rule"-mon`ger, n.
Defn: A stickler for rules; a slave of rules [R.] Hare.
RULER Rul"er, n.
1. One who rules; one who exercises sway or authority; a governor. And he made him ruler over all the land. Gen. xii. 43. A prince and ruler of the land. Shak.
2. A straight or curved strip of wood, metal, etc., with a smooth edge, used for guiding a pen or pencil in drawing lines. Cf. Rule, n., 7 (a). Parallel ruler. See under Parallel.
RULING Rul"ing, a.
1. Predominant; chief; reigning; controlling; as, a ruling passion; a ruling sovereign.
2. Used in marking or engraving lines; as, a ruling machine or pen.
Syn. -- Predominant; chief; controlling; directing; guilding; governing; prevailing; prevalent.
RULING Rul"ing, n.
1. The act of one who rules; ruled lines.
2. (Law)
Defn: A decision or rule of a judge or a court, especially an oral decision, as in excluding evidence.
RULINGLY Rul"ing*ly, adv.
Defn: In a ruling manner; so as to rule.
RULLICHIES Rul"li*chies, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. D. rolletje alittle roll.]
Defn: Chopped meat stuffed into small bags of tripe. They are cut in slices and fried. [Local, New York]
RULY Rul"y, a. Etym: [From Rule.]
Defn: orderly; easily restrained; -- opposed to Ant: unruly. [Obs.] Gascoigne.
RUM Rum, n. Etym: [probably shortened from prov. E. rumbullion a great tumult, formerly applied in the island of Barbadoes to an intoxicating liquor.]
Defn: A kind of intoxicating liquor distilled from cane juice, or from the scumming of the boiled juice, or from treacle or molasses, or from the lees of former distillations. Also, sometimes used colloquially as a generic or a collective name for intoxicating liquor. Rum bud, a grog blossom. [Colloq.] -- Rum shrub, a drink composed of rum, water, sugar, and lime juice or lemon juice, with some flavoring extract.
RUM Rum, a. Etym: [Formerly rome, a slang word for good; possibly of Gypsy origin; cf. Gypsy rom a husband, a gypsy.]
Defn: Old-fashioned; queer; odd; as, a rum idea; a rum fellow. [Slang] Dickens.
RUM Rum, n.
Defn: A queer or odd person or thing; a country parson. [Slang, Obs.] Swift.
RUMBLE Rum"ble, v. i. Etym: [OE. romblen, akin to D. rommeln, G. rumpeln, Dan. rumle; cf. Icel. rumja to roar.]
1. To make a low, heavy, continued sound; as, the thunder rumbles at a distance. In the mean while the skies 'gan rumble sore. Surrey. The people cried and rombled up and down. Chaucer.
2. To murmur; to ripple. To rumble gently down with murmur soft. Spenser.
RUMBLE Rum"ble, n.
1. A noisy report; rumor. [Obs.] Delighting ever in rumble that is new. Chaucer.
2. A low, heavy, continuous sound like that made by heavy wagons or the reverberation of thunder; a confused noise; as, the rumble of a railboard train. Clamor and rumble, and ringing and clatter. tennyson. Merged in the rumble of awakening day. H. James.
3. A seat for servants, behind the body of a carriage. Kit, well wrapped, . . . was in the rumble behind. Dickens.
4. A rotating cask or box in which small articles are smoothed or poliched by friction against each other. rumble seat, a seat in the rear of an automobile, outside the passenger cabin, which folds out from the body
RUMBLE Rum"ble, v. t.
Defn: To cause to pass through a rumble, or shaking machine. See Rumble, n., 4.
RUMBLER Rum"bler, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, rumbles.
RUMBLING Rum"bling,
Defn: a. & n. from Rumble, v. i.
RUMBLINGLY Rum"bling*ly, adv.
Defn: In a rumbling manner.
RUMBO Rum"bo, n.
Defn: grog. [Obs.] Sir W. Scott.
RUMBOWLINE Rum*bow"line, n. (Naut.)
Defn: Same as Rombowline.
RUMEN Ru"men, n. Etym: [L. rumen, -inis, the throat.]
1. (Anat.)
Defn: The first stomach of ruminants; the paunch; the fardingbag. See Illust. below.
2. The cud of a ruminant.
RUMICIN Ru"mi*cin, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A yellow crystalline substance found in the root of yellow dock (Rumex crispus) and identical with chrysophanic acid.
RUMINAL Rumi*nal, a. Etym: [L. ruminalis.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Ruminant; ruminating. [R.]
RUMINANT Ru"mi*nant, a. Etym: [L. ruminans, -antis, p.pr.: cf. F. ruminant. See Ruminate.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Chewing the cud; characterized by chewing again what has been swallowed; of or pertaining to the Ruminantia.
RUMINANT Ru"mi*nant, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A ruminant animal; one of the Ruminantia.
RUMINANTIA Ru`mi*nan"ti*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A division of Artiodactyla having four stomachs. This division includes the camels, deer, antelopes, goats, sheep, neat cattle, and allies.
Note: The vegetable food, after the first mastication, enters the first stomach (r). It afterwards passes into the second (n), where it is moistened, and formed into pellets which the animal has the power of bringing back to the mouth to be chewed again, after which it is swallowed into the third stomach (m), whence it passes to the fourth (s), where it is finally digested.
RUMINANTLY Ru"mi*nant*ly, adv.
Defn: In a ruminant manner; by ruminating, or chewing the cud.
RUMINATE Ru"mi*nate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ruminated; p. pr. & vb. n. Ruminating.] Etym: [L. ruminatus, p.p. of ruminari, ruminare, fr. rumen, -inis, throat, akin to ructare to belch, erugere to belch out, Gr. roccettan.]
1. To chew the cud; to chew again what has been slightly chewed and swallowed. "Cattle free to ruminate." Wordsworth.
2. Fig.: To think again and again; to muse; to meditate; to ponder; to reflect. Cowper. Apart from the hope of the gospel, who is there that ruminates on the felicity of heaven I. Taylor.
RUMINATE Ru"mi*nate, v. t.
1. To chew over again.
2. Fig.: To meditate or ponder over; to muse on. Mad with desire, she ruminates her sin. Dryden. What I know Is ruminated, plotted, and set down. Shak.
RUMINATE; RUMINATED Ru"mi*nate, Ru"mi*na`ted, a. (Bot.)
Defn: Having a hard albumen penetrated by irregular channels filled with softer matter, as the nutmeg and the seeds of the North American papaw.
RUMINATION Ru`mi*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. ruminatio: cf. F. rumination.]
1. The act or process of ruminating, or chewing the cud; the habit of chewing the cud. Rumination is given to animals to enable them at once to lay up a great store of food, and afterward to chew it. Arbuthnot.
2. The state of being disposed to ruminate or ponder; deliberate meditation or reflection. Retiring full of rumination sad. Thomson.
3. (Physiol.)
Defn: The regurgitation of food from the stomach after it has been swallowed, -- occasionally oberved as a morbid phenomenon in man.
RUMINATIVE Ru"mi*na*tive, a.
Defn: Inclined to, or engaged in, rumination or meditation.
RUMINATOR Ru"mi*na`tor, n. Etym: [L.]
Defn: One who ruminates or muses; a meditator.
RUMKIN Rum"kin, n. Etym: [Cf. Rummer, and see -kin.]
Defn: A popular or jocular name for a drinking vessel. [Obs.]
RUMMAGE Rum"mage (; 48), n. Etym: [For roomage, fr. room; hence originally, a making room, a packing away closely. See Room.]
1. (Naut.)
Defn: A place or room for the stowage of cargo in a ship; also, the act of stowing cargo; the pulling and moving about of packages incident to close stowage; -- formerly written romage. [Obs.]
2. A searching carefully by looking into every corner, and by turning things over. He has such a general rummage and reform in the office of matrimony. Walpole. Rummage sale, a clearance sale of unclaimed goods in a public store, or of odds and ends which have accumulated in a shop. Simmonds.
RUMMAGE Rum"mage, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rummaged; p. pr. & vb. n. Rummaging.]
1. (Naut.)
Defn: To make room in, as a ship, for the cargo; to move about, as packages, ballast, so as to permit close stowage; to stow closely; to pack; -- formerly written roomage, and romage. [Obs.] They night bring away a great deal more than they do, if they would take pain in the romaging. Hakluyt.
2. To search or examine thoroughly by looking into every corner, and turning over or removing goods or other things; to examine, as a book, carefully, turning over leaf after leaf. He . . . searcheth his pockets, and taketh his keys, and so rummageth all his closets and trunks. Howell. What schoolboy of us has not rummaged his Greek dictionary in vain for a satisfactory account! M. Arnold.
RUMMAGE Rum"mage, v. i.
Defn: To search a place narrowly. I have often rummaged for old books in Little Britain and Duck Lane. Swift. [His house] was haunted with a jolly ghost, that . . . . . . rummaged like a rat. Tennyson.
RUMMAGER Rum"ma*ger, n.
1. One who rummages.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: A person on shipboard whose business was to take charge of stowing the cargo; -- formerly written roomager, and romager. [Obs.] The master must provide a perfect mariner, called a romager, to range and bestow all merchandise. Hakluyt .
RUMMER Rum"mer (, n. Etym: [D. roemer, romer, akin to G. römer, Sw. remmare; perhaps properly, Roman.]
Defn: A large and tall glass, or drinking cup. [Obs.] J. Philips.
RUMMY Rum"my, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to rum; characteristic of rum; as a rummy flavor.
RUMMY Rum"my, n.; pl. Rummies (.
Defn: One who drinks rum; an habitually intemperate person. [Low]
RUMMY Rum"my, a. Etym: [See Rum, a.]
Defn: Strange; odd. [Slang]
RUMNEY Rum"ney, n.
Defn: A sort of Spanish wine. [Obs.]
RUMOR Ru"mor, n. Etym: [F. rumeur, L. rumor; cf. rumificare, rumitare to rumor, Skr. ru to cry.] [Written also rumour.]
1. A flying or popular report; the common talk; hence, public fame; notoriety. This rumor of him went forth throughout all Judea, and throughout all the region round about. Luke vii. 17. Great is the rumor of this dreadful knight. Shak.
2. A current story passing from one person to another, without any known authority for its truth; -- in this sense often personified. Rumor next, and Chance, And Tumult, and Confusion, all embroiled. Milton.
3. A prolonged; indistinct noise. [Obs.] Shak.
RUMOR Ru"mor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rumored; p. pr. & vb. n. Rumoring.]
Defn: To report by rumor; to tell. 'T was rumored My father 'scaped from out the citadel. Dryden.
RUMORER Ru"mor*er, n.
Defn: A teller of news; especially, one who spreads false reports. Shak.
RUMOROUS Ru"mor*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. rumoreux, It. rumoroso, romoroso.]
1. Of or pertaining to a rumor; of the nature of rumors. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.
2. Famous; notorious. [Obs.] Bale.
3. Murmuring. [Obs. or Poetic] Drayton.
RUMP Rump, n. Etym: [OE. rumpe; akin to D. romp trunk, body, LG. rump, G. rumpf, Dan. rumpe rump, Icel. rumpr, Sw. rumpa rump, tail.]
1. The end of the backbone of an animal, with the parts adjacent; the buttock or buttoks.
2. Among butchers, the piece of beef betwen the sirloin and the aitchbone piece. See Illust. of Beef.
3. Fig.: The hind or tail end; a fag-end; a remnant. Rump Parliament, or The Rump (Eng. Hist.), the remnant of the Long Parliament after the expulsion by Cromwell in 1648 of those who opposed his purposes. It was dissolved by Cromwell in 1653, but twice revived for brief sessions, ending finally in 1659. The rump abolished the House of Lords, the army abolished the Rump, and by this army of saints Cromwell governed. Swift. -- Rump steak, a beefsteak from the rump. Goldsmith.
RUMPER Rump"er, n.
Defn: A member or a supporter of the Rump Parliament. I. Disraeli.
RUMP-FED Rump"-fed, a.
Defn: A Shakespearean word of uncertain meaning. Perhaps "fattened in the rump, pampered." "The rump-fed ronyon."
RUMPLE Rum"ple, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Rumpled p. pr. & vb. n. Rumpling (.] Etym: [Cf. rimple, and D. rimpelen to wrinkle, rompelig rough, uneven, G. rümpgen to wrinkle, MHG. rümphen, OHG. rimpfan, Gr. "ra`mfos the crooked beak of birds of prey,
Defn: To make uneven; to form into irregular inequalities; to wrinkle; to crumple; as, to rumple an apron or a cravat. They would not give a dog's ear of their most rumpled and ragged Scoth paper for twenty of your fairest assignats. Burke.
RUMPLE Rum"ple, n.
Defn: A fold or plait; a wrinkle. Dryden.
RUMPLED Rum"pled, a.
Defn: Wrinkled; crumpled. Pope.
RUMPLESS Rump"less, a.
Defn: Destitute of a rump.
RUMPLY Rum"ply, a.
Defn: Rumpled. Carlyle.
RUMPUS Rum"pus, n.
Defn: A disturbance; noise and confusion; a quarrel. [Colloq.]
RUMSELLER Rum"sell`er, n.
Defn: One who sells rum; one who deals in intoxicating liquors; especially, one who sells spirituous beverages at retail.
RUN Run, v. i. [imp. Ran or Run; p. p. Run; p. pr. & vb. n. Running.] Etym: [OE. rinnen, rennen (imp. ran, p.p. runnen, ronnen). AS. rinnan to flow (imp. ran, p.p. gerunnen), and iernan, irnan, to run (imp. orn, arn, earn, p.p. urnen); akin to D. runnen, renne, OS. & OHG. rinnan, G. rinnen, rennen, Icel. renna, rinna, Sw. rinna, ränna, Dan. rinde, rende, Goth. rinnan, and perh. to L. oriri to rise, Gr. Origin), or perh. to L. rivus brook (cf. Rival). *11. Cf. Ember, a., Rennet.]
1. To move, proceed, advance, pass, go, come, etc., swiftly, smoothly, or with quick action; -- said of things animate or inanimate. Hence, to flow, glide, or roll onward, as a stream, a snake, a wagon, etc.; to move by quicker action than in walking, as a person, a horse, a dog. Specifically: --
2. Of voluntary or personal action: (a) To go swiftly; to pass at a swift pace; to hasten. "Ha, ha, the fox!" and after him they ran. Chaucer.
(b) To flee, as from fear or danger. As from a bear a man would run for life. Shak.
(c) To steal off; to depart secretly. My conscience will serve me to run from this jew. Shak.
(d) To contend in a race; hence, to enter into a contest; to become a candidate; as, to run for Congress. Know ye not that they which run in a race run all, but one receiveth the prize So run, that ye may obtain. 1 Cor. ix. 24.
(e) To pass from one state or condition to another; to come into a certain condition; -- often with in or into; as, to run into evil practices; to run in debt. Have I not cause to rave and beat my breast, to rend my heart with grief and run distracted Addison.
(f) To exert continuous activity; to proceed; as, to run through life; to run in a circle. (g) To pass or go quickly in thought or conversation; as, to run from one subject to another. Virgil, in his first Georgic, has run into a set of precepts foreign to his subject. Addison.
(h) To discuss; to continue to think or speak about something; -- with on. (i) To make numerous drafts or demands for payment, as upon a bank; - - with on. (j) To creep, as serpents.
3. Of involuntary motion: (a) To flow, as a liquid; to ascend or descend; to course; as, rivers run to the sea; sap runs up in the spring; her blood ran cold. (b) To proceed along a surface; to extend; to spread. The fire ran along upon the ground. Ex. ix. 23.
(c) To become fluid; to melt; to fuse. As wax dissolves, as ice begins to run. Addison. Sussex iron ores run freely in the fire. Woodward.
(d) To turn, as a wheel; to revolve on an axis or pivot; as, a wheel runs swiftly round. (e) To travel; to make progress; to be moved by mechanical means; to go; as, the steamboat runs regularly to Albany; the train runs to Chicago. (f) To extend; to reach; as, the road runs from Philadelphia to New York; the memory of man runneth not the contrary. She saw with joy the line immortal run, Each sire impressed, and glaring in his son. Pope.
(g) To go back and forth from place to place; to ply; as, the stage runs between the hotel and the station. (h) To make progress; to proceed; to pass. As fast as our time runs, we should be very glad in most part of our lives that it ran much faster. Addison.
(i) To continue in operation; to be kept in action or motion; as, this engine runs night and day; the mill runs six days in the week. When we desire anything, our minds run wholly on the good circumstances of it; when it is obtained, our minds run wholly on the bad ones. Swift.
(j) To have a course or direction; as, a line runs east and west. Where the generally allowed practice runs counter to it. Locke. Little is the wisdom, where the flight So runs against all reason. Shak.
(k) To be in form thus, as a combination of words. The king's ordinary style runneth, "Our sovereign lord the king." Bp. Sanderson.
(l) To be popularly known; to be generally received. Men gave them their own names, by which they run a great while in Rome. Sir W. Temple. Neither was he ignorant what report ran of himself. Knolle
(m) To have growth or development; as, boys and girls run up rapidly. if the richness of the ground cause turnips to run to leaves. Mortimer.
(n) To tend, as to an effect or consequence; to incline. A man's nature runs either to herbs or weeds. Bacon. Temperate climates run into moderate governments. Swift.
(o) To spread and blend together; to unite; as, colors run in washing. In the middle of a rainbow the colors are . . . distinguished, but near the borders they run into one another. I. Watts.
(p) To have a legal course; to be attached; to continue in force, effect, or operation; to follow; to go in company; as, certain covenants run with the land. Customs run only upon our goods imported or exported, and that but once for all; whereas interest runs as well upon our ships as goods, and must be yearly paid. Sir J. Child.
(q) To continue without falling due; to hold good; as, a note has thirty days to run. (r) To discharge pus or other matter; as, an ulcer runs. (s) To be played on the stage a number of successive days or nights; as, the piece ran for six months. (t) (Naut.) To sail before the wind, in distinction from reaching or sailing closehauled; -- said of vessels.
4. Specifically, of horse: To move rapidly in a gait in which each leg acts in turn as a propeller and a supporter, and in which for an instant all the limbs are gathered in the air under the body. Stillman (The Horse in Motion).
5. (Athletics)
Defn: To move rapidly by springing steps so that there is an instant in each step when neither foot touches the ground; -- so distinguished from walking in athletic competition. As thing run, according to the usual order, conditions, quality, etc.; on the average; without selection or specification. -- To let run (Naut.), to allow to pass or move freely; to slacken or loosen. -- To run after, to pursue or follow; to search for; to endeavor to find or obtain; as to run after similies. Locke. -- To run away, to flee; to escape; to elope; to run without control or guidance. -- To run away with. (a) To convey away hurriedly; to accompany in escape or elopement. (b) To drag rapidly and with violence; as, a horse runs away with a carriage. -- To run down. (a) To cease to work or operate on account of the exhaustion of the motive power; -- said of clocks, watches, etc. (b) To decline in condition; as, to run down in health. -- To run down a coast, to sail along it. -- To run for an office, to stand as a candidate for an office. -- To run in or into. (a) To enter; to step in. (b) To come in collision with. -- To run in trust, to run in debt; to get credit. [Obs.] -- To run in with. (a) To close; to comply; to agree with. [R.] T. Baker. (b) (Naut.) To make toward; to near; to sail close to; as, to run in with the land. -- To run mad, To run mad after or on. See under Mad. -- To run on. (a) To be continued; as, their accounts had run on for a year or two without a settlement. (b) To talk incessantly. (c) To continue a course. (d) To press with jokes or ridicule; to abuse with sarcasm; to bear hard on. (e) (Print.) To be continued in the same lines, without making a break or beginning a new paragraph. -- To run out. (a) To come to an end; to expire; as, the lease runs out Michaelmas. (b) To extend; to spread. "Insectile animals . . . run all out into legs." Hammond. (c) To expatiate; as, to run out into beautiful digressions. (d) To be wasted or exhausted; to become poor; to become extinct; as, an estate managed without economy will soon run out. And had her stock been less, no doubt She must have long ago run out. Dryden. -- To run over. (a) To overflow; as, a cup runs over, or the liquor runs over. (b) To go over, examine, or rehearse cursorily. (c) To ride or drive over; as, to run over a child. -- To run riot, to go to excess. -- To run through. (a) To go through hastily; as to run through a book. (b) To spend wastefully; as, to run through an estate. -- To run to seed, to expend or exhaust vitality in producing seed, as a plant; figuratively and colloquially, to cease growing; to lose vital force, as the body or mind. -- To run up, to rise; to swell; to grow; to increase; as, accounts of goods credited run up very fast. But these, having been untrimmed for many years, had run up into great bushes, or rather dwarf trees. Sir W. Scott. -- To run with. (a) To be drenched with, so that streams flow; as, the streets ran with blood. (b) To flow while charged with some foreign substance. "Its rivers ran with gold." J. H. Newman.
RUN Run (, v. t.
1. To cause to run (in the various senses of Run, v. i.); as, to run a horse; to run a stage; to run a machine; to run a rope through a block.
2. To pursue in thought; to carry in contemplation. To run the world back to its first original. South. I would gladly understand the formation of a soul, and run it up to its "punctum saliens." Collier.
3. To cause to enter; to thrust; as, to run a sword into or through the body; to run a nail into the foot. You run your head into the lion's mouth. Sir W. Scott. Having run his fingers through his hair. Dickens.
4. To drive or force; to cause, or permit, to be driven. They ran the ship aground. Acts xxvii. 41. A talkative person runs himself upon great inconveniences by blabbing out his own or other's secrets. Ray. Others, accustomed to retired speculations, run natural philosophy into metaphysical notions. Locke.
5. To fuse; to shape; to mold; to cast; as, to run bullets, and the like. The purest gold must be run and washed. Felton.
6. To cause to be draw; to mark out; to indicate; to determine; as, to run a line.
7. To cause to pass, to evade, offical restrictions; to smuggle; -- said of contraband or dutiable goods. heavy impositions . . . are a strong temptation of running goods. Swift.
8. To go through or accomplish by running; as, to run a race; to run a certain career.
9. To cause to stand as a candidate for office; to support for office; as, to run some one for Congress. [Colloq. U.S.]
10. To encounter or incur, as a danger or risk; as, to run the risk of losing one's life. See To run the chance, below. "He runneth two dangers." Bacon.
11. To put at hazard; to venture; to risk. He would himself be in the Highlands to receive them, and run his fortune with them. Clarendon.
12. To discharge; to emit; to give forth copiously; to be bathed with; as, the pipe or faucet runs hot water. At the base of Pompey's statua, Which all the while ran blood, great Cæsar fell. Shak.
13. To be charged with, or to contain much of, while flowing; as, the rivers ran blood.
14. To conduct; to manage; to carry on; as, to run a factory or a hotel. [Colloq. U.S.]
15. To tease with sarcasms and ridicule. [Colloq.]
16. To sew, as a seam, by passing the needle through material in a continuous line, generally taking a series of stitches on the needle at the same time.
17. To migrate or move in schools; -- said of fish; esp., to ascend a river in order to spawn. To run a blockade, to get to, or away from, a blockaded port in safety. -- To run down. (a) (Hunting) To chase till the object pursued is captured or exhausted; as, to run down, a stag. (b) (Naut.) To run against and sink, as a vessel. (c) To crush; to overthrow; to overbear. "religion is run down by the license of these times." Berkeley. (d) To disparage; to traduce. F. W. Newman. -- To run hard. (a) To press in competition; as, to run one hard in a race. (b) To urge or press importunately. (c) To banter severely. -- To run into the ground, to carry to an absurd extreme; to overdo. [Slang, U.S.] -- To run off, to cause to flow away, as a charge of molten metal from a furnace. -- To run on (Print.), to carry on or continue, as the type for a new sentence, without making a break or commencing a new paragraph. -- To run out. (a) To thrust or push out; to extend. (b) To waste; to exhaust; as, to run out an estate. (c) (Baseball) To put out while running between two bases. -- To run the chances, or one's chances, to encounter all the risks of a certain course. -- To run through, to transfix; to pierce, as with a sword. "[He] was run through the body by the man who had asked his advice." Addison. -- To run up. (a) To thrust up, as anything long and slender. (b) To increase; to enlarge by additions, as an account.run up a bill (c) To erect hastily, as a building.
RUN Run, n.
1. The act of running; as, a long run; a good run; a quick run; to go on the run.
2. A small stream; a brook; a creek.
3. That which runs or flows in the course of a certain operation, or during a certain time; as, a run of must in wine making; the first run of sap in a maple orchard.
4. A course; a series; that which continues in a certain course or series; as, a run of good or bad luck. They who made their arrangements in the first run of misadventure . . . put a seal on their calamities. Burke.
5. State of being current; currency; popularity. it is impossible for detached papers to have a general run, or long continuance, if not diversified with humor. Addison.
6. Continued repetition on the stage; -- said of a play; as, to have a run of a hundred successive nights. A canting, mawkish play . . . had an immense run. Macaulay.
7. A continuing urgent demand; especially, a pressure on a bank or treasury for payment of its notes.
8. A range or extent of ground for feeding stock; as, a sheep run. Howitt.
9. (Naut.) (a) The aftermost part of a vessel's hull where it narrows toward the stern, under the quarter (b) The distance sailed by a ship; as, a good run; a run of fifty miles. (c) A voyage; as, run to China.
10. A pleasure excursion; a trip. [Colloq.] A think of giving her a run in London. Dickens.
11. (Mining)
Defn: The horizontal distance to which a drift may be carried, either by license of the proprietor of a mine or by the nature of the formation; also, the direction which a vein of ore or other substance takes.
12. (Mus.)
Defn: A roulade, or series of running tones.
13. (Mil.)
Defn: The greatest degree of swiftness in marching. It is executed upon the same principles as the double-quick, but with greater speed.
14. The act of migrating, or ascending a river to spawn; -- said of fish; also, an assemblage or school of fishes which migrate, or ascend a river for the purpose of spawning.
15. In baseball, a complete circuit of the bases made by a player, which enables him to score one; in cricket, a passing from one wicket to the other, by which one point is scored; as, a player made three runs; the side went out with two hundred runs. The "runs" are made from wicket to wicket, the batsmen interchanging ends at each run. R. A. Proctor.
16. A pair or set of millstones. At the long run, now, commonly, In the long run, in or during the whole process or course of things taken together; in the final result; in the end; finally. [Man] starts the inferior of the brute animals, but he surpasses them in the long run. J. H. Newman. -- Home run. (a) A running or returning toward home, or to the point from which the start was made. Cf. Home stretch. (b) (Baseball) See under Home. -- The run, or The common run, etc., ordinary persons; the generality or average of people or things; also, that which ordinarily occurs; ordinary current, course, or kind. I saw nothing else that is superior to the common run of parks. Walpole. Burns never dreamed of looking down on others as beneath him, merely because he was conscious of his own vast superiority to the common run of men. Prof. Wilson. His whole appearance was something out of the common run. W. Irving. -- To let go by the run (Naut.), to loosen and let run freely, as lines; to let fall without restraint, as a sail.
RUN Run, a.
1. Melted, or made from molten material; cast in a mold; as, run butter; run iron or lead.
2. Smuggled; as, run goods. [Colloq.] Miss Edgeworth. Run steel, malleable iron castings. See under Malleable. Raymond.
RUNAGATE Run"a*gate, n. Etym: [F. renégat, Prov. renegat. LL. renegatus; confused with E. run and gate a way. See Renegate.]
Defn: A fugitive; a vagabond; an apostate; a renegade. See Renegade. Bunyan. Wretched runagates from the jail. De Quincey. Who has not been a runagate from duty Hare.
RUN-AROUND Run"-a*round`, n. (Med.)
Defn: A whitlow running around the finger nail, but not affecting the bone. [Colloq.]
RUNAWAY Run"a*way`, n.
1. One who, or that which, flees from danger, duty, restraint, etc.; a fugitive. Thou runaway, thou coward, art thou fled Shak.
2. The act of running away, esp. of a horse or teams; as, there was a runaway yesterday.
RUNAWAY Run"a*way`, a.
1. Running away; fleeing from danger, duty, restraint, etc.; as, runaway soldiers; a runaway horse.
2. Accomplished by running away or elopment, or during flight; as, a runaway marriage. 3. (a) Won by a long lead; as, a runaway victory. (b) Very successful; accomplishing success quickly; as, a runaway bestseller.
RUNCATION Run*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. runcatio, fr. runcareto weed out.]
Defn: A weedling. [Obs.] Evelyn.
RUNCH Runch, n. (Bot.)
Defn: The wild radish. Dr. Prior.
RUNCINATE Run"ci*nate, a. Etym: [L. runcinatus, p.p. of runcinareto plane off, fr. runcina a plane.] (Bot.)
Defn: Pinnately cut with the lobes pointing downwards, as the leaf of the dandelion.
RUNDEL Run"del, n. Etym: [Cf. Rindle.]
Defn: A moat with water in it; also, a small stream; a runlet. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
RUNDEL Run"del, n. Etym: [Cf. Rundle.]
Defn: A circle. [Prov. Eng.]
RUNDLE Run"dle, n. Etym: [E. round. Cf. Rondle.]
1. A round; a step of a ladder; a rung. Duppa.
2. A ball. [Obs.] Holland.
3. Something which rotates about an axis, as a wheel, or the drum of a capstan. "An axis or cylinder having a rundle about it." Bp. Wilkins.
4. (Mach.)
Defn: One of the pins or trundles of a lantern wheel.
RUNDLET Rund"let, n. Etym: [Dim. of OF. rondele a little tun, fr. rond round. See Round, and cf. Roundlet, Runlet.]
Defn: A small barrel of no certain dimensions. It may contain from 3 to 20 gallons, but it usually holds about 14 [Written also runlet.]
RUNE Rune (run), n. Etym: [AS. run a rune, a secret, a mystery; akin to Icel. run, OHG. & Goth. runa a secret, secret colloquy, G. & Dan. rune rune, and probably to Gr. 'ereyna^n to search for. Cf. Roun to whisper.]
1. A letter, or character, belonging to the written language of the ancient Norsemen, or Scandinavians; in a wider sense, applied to the letters of the ancient nations of Northern Europe in general.
Note: The Norsemen had a peculiar alphabet, consisting of sixteen letters, or characters, called runes, the origin of which is lost in the remotest antiquity. The signification of the word rune (mystery) seems to allude to the fact that originally only a few were acquainted with the use of these marks, and that they were mostly applied to secret tricks, witchcrafts and enchantments. But the runes were also used in communication by writing.
2. pl.
Defn: Old Norse poetry expressed in runes. Runes were upon his tongue, As on the warrior's sword. Longfellow. Rune stone, a stone bearing a runic inscription.
RUNER Ru"ner, n.
Defn: A bard, or learned man, among the ancient Goths. Sir W. Temple.
RUNG Rung,
Defn: imp. & p. p. of Ring.
RUNG Rung, n. Etym: [OE. ronge, AS. hrung, a staff, rod, pole; akin to G. runge a short, thick piece of iron or wood, OD. ronghe a prop, support, Icel. röng a rib in a ship, Goth. Hrugga a staff.]
1. (Shipbuilding)
Defn: A floor timber in a ship.
2. One of the rounds of a ladder.
3. One of the stakes of a cart; a spar; a heavy staff.
4. (Mach.)
Defn: One of the radial handles projecting from the rim of a steering wheel; also, one of the pins or trundles of a lantern wheel.
RUNGHEAD Rung"head`, n. (Shipbuilding)
Defn: The upper end of a floor timber in a ship.
RUNIC Ru"nic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a rune, to runes, or to the Norsemen; as, runic verses; runic letters; runic names; runic rhyme. Runic staff. See Clog almanac, under Clog. -- Runic wand, a willow wand bearing runes, formerly thought to have been used by the heathen tribes of Northern Europe in magical ceremonies.
RUNLET Run"let, n. Etym: [Run + -let.]
Defn: A little run or stream; a streamlet; a brook. To trace out to its marshy source every runlet that has cast in its tiny pitcherful with the rest. Lowell.
RUNLET Run"let, n.
Defn: Same as Rundlet. "A stoup of sack, or a runlet of canary." Sir W. Scott.
RUNNEL Run"nel, n. Etym: [From Run. Cf. Rundle.]
Defn: A rivulet or small brook. Buddling rundels joined the sound. Collins. By the very sides of the way . . . there are slow runnels, in which one can see the minnows swimming. Masson.
RUNNER Run"ner, n. Etym: [From Run.]
1. One who, or that which, runs; a racer.
2. A detective. [Slang, Eng.] Dickens.
3. A messenger. Swift.
4. A smuggler. [Colloq.] R. North.
5. One employed to solicit patronage, as for a steamboat, hotel, shop, etc. [Cant, U.S.]
6. (Bot.)
Defn: A slender trailing branch which takes root at the joints or end and there forms new plants, as in the strawberry and the common cinquefoil.
7. The rotating stone of a set of millstones.
8. (Naut.)
Defn: A rope through a block and used to increase the mechanical power of a tackle. Totten.
9. One of the pieces on which a sled or sleigh slides; also the part or blade of a skate which slides on the ice.
10. (Founding) (a) A horizontal channel in a mold, through which the metal flows to the cavity formed by the pattern; also, the waste metal left in such a channel. (b) A trough or channel for leading molten metal from a furnace to a ladle, mold, or pig bed.
11. The movable piece to which the ribs of an umbrella are attached.
12. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A food fish (Elagatis pinnulatis) of Florida and the West Indies; -- called also skipjack, shoemaker, and yellowtail. The name alludes to its rapid successive leaps from the water.
13. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any cursorial bird.
14. (Mech.) (a) A movable slab or rubber used in grinding or polishing a surface of stone. (b) A tool on which lenses are fastened in a group, for polishing or grinding.
RUNNET Run"net, n.
Defn: See Rennet.
RUNNING Run"ning, a.
1. Moving or advancing by running. Specifically, of a horse; (a) Having a running gait; not a trotter or pacer. (b) trained and kept for running races; as, a running horse. Law.
2. Successive; one following the other without break or intervention; -- said of periods of time; as, to be away two days running; to sow land two years running.
3. Flowing; easy; cursive; as, a running hand.
4. Continuous; keeping along step by step; as, he stated the facts with a running explanation. "A running conquest." Milton. What are art and science if not a running commentary on Nature Hare.
5. (Bot.)
Defn: Extending by a slender climbing or trailing stem; as, a running vine.
6. (med.)
Defn: Discharging pus; as, a running sore. Running block (Mech.), a block in an arrangement of pulleys which rises or sinks with the weight which is raised or lowered. -- Running board, a narrow platform extending along the side of a locomotive. -- Running bowsprit (Naut.) Same as Reefing bowsprit. -- Running days (Com.), the consecutive days occupied on a voyage under working days. Simmonds. -- Running fire, a constant fire of musketry or cannon. -- Running gear, the wheels and axles of a vehicle, and their attachments, in distinction from the body; all the working parts of a locomotive or other machine, in distinction from the framework. -- Running hand, a style of rapid writing in which the letters are usually slanted and the words formed without lifting the pen; -- distinguished from round hand. -- Running part (Naut.), that part of a rope that is hauled upon, -- in distinction from the standing part. -- Running rigging (Naut.), that part of a ship's rigging or ropes which passes through blocks, etc.; -- is distinction from standing rigging. -- Running title (Print.), the title of a book or chapter continued from page to page on the upper margin.
RUNNING Run"ning, n.
Defn: The act of one who, or of that which runs; as, the running was slow.
2. That which runs or flows; the quantity of a liquid which flows in a certain time or during a certain operation; as, the first running of a still.
3. The discharge from an ulcer or other sore. At long running, in the long run. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
RUNNING LOAD Run"ning load. (Aëronautics) (a) The air pressure supported by each longitudinal foot segment of a wing. (b) Commonly, the whole weight of aëroplane and load divided by the span, or length from tip to tip.
RUNNINGLY Run"ning*ly, adv.
Defn: In a running manner.
RUNNION Run"nion n.
Defn: See Ronion.
RUNOLOGY Ru*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Rune + -logy.]
Defn: The science of runes. -- Ru*nol"o*gist, n.
RUNROUND Run"round`, n.
Defn: A felon or whitlow. [Colloq. U.S.]
RUNT Runt n. [Written also rant.] Etym: [Scot. runt an old cow. rund a bullock, an ox or Rother, a.]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any animal which is unusually small, as compared with others of its kind; -- applied particulary to domestic animals.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A variety of domestic pigeon, related to the barb and carrier.
3. A dwarf; also, a mean, despicable, boorish person; -- used opprobriously. Before I buy a bargain of such runts, I'll buy a college for bears, and live among 'em. Beau. & Fl.
4. The dead stump of a tree; also, the stem of a plant. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Neither young poles nor old runts are durable. Holland.
RUNTY Runt"y, a.
Defn: Like a runt; diminutive; mean.
RUNWAY Run"way`, n.
1. The channel of a stream.
2. The beaten path made, by deer or other animals in passing to and from their feeding grounds.
RUPEE Ru*pee", n. Etym: [Hind.r, fr. Skr. r silver, coined silver or gold, handsome.]
Defn: A silver coin, and money of account, in the East Indies.
Note: The valuation of the rupee of sixteen annas, the standard coin of India, by the United States Treasury departament, varies from time to time with the price silver. In 1889 it was rated at about thirty- two cents.
RUPELLARY Ru"pel*la*ry, n. Etym: [From L. rupes a rock.]
Defn: Rocky. [Obs.] "This rupellary nidary." Evelyn.
RUPERT'S DROP Ru"pert's drop`.
Defn: A kind of glass drop with a long tail, made by dropping melted glass into water. It is remarkable for bursting into fragments when the surface is scratched or the tail broken; -- so called from Prince Rupert, nephew of Charles I., by whom they were first brought to England. Called also Rupert's ball, and glass tear.
RUPIA Ru"pi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. G. (Med.)
Defn: An eruption upon the skin, consisting of vesicles with inflamed base and filled with serous, purulent, or bloody fluid, which dries up, forming a blackish crust.
RUPIAL Ru"pi*al, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to rupia.
RUPICOLA Ru*pic"o*la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. rupes, gen. rupis, a rock + colere to inhabit.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of beautiful South American passerine birds, including the cock of the rock.
Note: The species are remarkable for having an elevated fan-shaped crest of feathers on the head, and for the beautiful color of their plumage, which is mostly some delicate shade of yellow or orange.
RUPICOLINE Ru*pic"o*line, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Rock-inhabiting.
RUPTION Rup"tion, n. Etym: [L. ruptio, fr. rumpere, ruptum to break.]
Defn: A breaking or bursting open; breach; rupture. "By ruption or apertion." Wiseman.
RUPTUARY Rup"tu*a*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. Roturier.]
Defn: One not of noble blood; a plebeian; a roturier. [R.] The exclusion of the French ruptuaries ("roturiers," for history must find a word for this class when it speaks of other nations) from the order of nobility. Chenevix.
RUPTURE Rup"ture, n. Etym: [L. ruptura, fr. rumpere, ruptum to break: cf. F. rupture. See Reave, and cf. Rout a defeat.]
1. The act of breaking apart, or separating; the state of being asunder; as, the rupture of the skin; the rupture of a vessel or fiber; the rupture of a lutestring. Arbuthnot. Hatch from the egg, that soon, Bursting with kindly rupture, forth disclosed Their callow young. Milton.
2. Breach of peace or concord between individuals; open hostility or war between nations; interruption of friendly relations; as, the parties came to a rupture. He knew that policy would desincline Napoleon from a rupture with his family. E. Everett.
3. (Med.)
Defn: Hernia. See Hernia.
4. A bursting open, as of a steam boiler, in a less sudden manner than by explosion. See Explosion. Modulus of rupture. (Engin.) See under Modulus.
Syn. -- Fracture; breach; break; burst; disruption; dissolution. See Fracture.
RUPTURE Rup"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ruptured; p. pr. & vb. n. Rupturing.]
1. To part by violence; to break; to burst; as, to rupture a blood vessel.
2. To produce a hernia in.
RUPTURE Rup"ture, v. i.
Defn: To suffer a breach or disruption.
RUPTURED Rup"tured, a. (Med.)
Defn: Having a rupture, or hernia.
RUPTUREWORT Rup"ture*wort", n. (Bot.) (a) Same as Burstwort. (b) A West Indian plant (Alternanthera polygonoides) somewhat resembling burstwort.
RURAL Ru"ral, a. Etym: [F., fr. L.ruralis, fr. rus, ruris, the country. Cf. Room space, Rustic.]
1. Of or pertaining to the country, as distinguished from a city or town; living in the country; suitable for, or resembling, the country; rustic; as, rural scenes; a rural prospect. Here is a rural fellow; . . . He brings you figs. Shak.
2. Of or pertaining to agriculture; as, rural economy. Rural dean. (Eccl.) See under Dean. -- Rural deanery (Eccl.), the state, office, or residence, of a rural dean.
Syn. -- Rustic. -- Rural, Rustic. Rural refers to the country itself; as, rural scenes, prospects, delights, etc. Rustic refers to the character, condition, taste, etc., of the original inhabitans of the country, who were generally uncultivated and rude; as, rustic manners; a rustic dress; a rustic bridge; rustic architecture, etc. We turn To where the silver Thames first rural grows. Thomson. Lay bashfulness, that rustic virtue, by; To manly confidence thy throughts apply. Dryden.
RURALES Ru"ra"les, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The gossamer-winged butterflies; a family of small butterflies, including the hairstreaks, violets, and theclas.
RURALISM Ru"ral*ism, n.
1. The quality or state of being rural; ruralness.
2. A rural idiom or expression.
RURALIST Ru"ral*ist, n.
Defn: One who leads a rural life. Coventry.
RURALITY Ru*ral"i*ty, n.; pl. -ties. Etym: [Cf. LL. ruralitas.]
1. The quality or state of being rural.
2. A rural place. "Leafy ruralities." Carlyle.
RURALIZE Ru"ral*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ruralized; p. pr. & vb. n. Ruralizing.]
Defn: To render rural; to give a rural appearance to.
RURALIZE Ru"ral*ize, v. i.
Defn: To become rural; to go into the country; to rusticate.
RURALLY Ru"ral*ly, adv.
Defn: In a rural manner; as in the country.
RURALNESS Ru"ral*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being rural.
RURICOLIST Ru*ric"o*list, n. Etym: [L. ruricola; rus, ruris, the country + colere to inhabit.]
Defn: An inhabitant of the country. [R.] Bailey.
RURIDECANAL Ru`ri*dec"a*nal, a. Etym: [L. rus, ruris the country + decanus the chief of ten. See Dean.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to a rural dean; as, a ruridecanal district; the ruridecanal intellect. [R.]
RURIGENOUS Ru*rig"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. rurigena; rus, ruris, the country + genere, gignere, to bring forth, pass., to be born.]
Defn: Born in the country. [Obs.]
RUSE Ruse, n. Etym: [F., fr. OF. reüser, rehuser, to turn aside, to shuffle, retreat, fr. L. recusare to refuse; pref. re- again + causa cause. See Cause, and cf. Recusant.]
Defn: An artifice; trick; stratagem; wile; fraund; deceit. Ruse de guerre ( Etym: [F.], a stratagem of war.
RUSH Rush, n. Etym: [OE. rusche, rische, resche, AS. risce, akin to LG. rusk, risch, D. & G. rusch; all probably fr. L. ruscum butcher's broom; akin to Goth. raus reed, G. rohr.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A name given to many aquatic or marsh-growing endogenous plants with soft, slender stems, as the species of Juncus and Scirpus.
Note: Some species are used in bottoming chairs and plaiting mats, and the pith is used in some places for wicks to lamps and rushlights.
2. The merest trifle; a straw. John Bull's friendship is not worth a rush. Arbuthnot. Bog rush. See under Bog. -- Club rush, any rush of the genus Scirpus. -- Flowering rush. See under Flowering. -- Nut rush (a) Any plant of the genus Scleria, rushlike plants with hard nutlike fruits. (b) A name for several species of Cyperus having tuberous roots. -- Rush broom, an Australian leguminous plant (Viminaria denudata), having long, slender branches. Also, the Spanish broom. See under Candle. -- Rush grass, any grass of the genus Vilfa, grasses with wiry stems and one-flowered spikelets. -- Rush toad (Zoöl.), the natterjack. -- Scouring rush (Bot.) Same as Dutch rush, under Dutch. -- Spike rush, any rushlike plant of the genus Eleocharis, in which the flowers grow in dense spikes. -- Sweet rush, a sweet-scented grass of Arabia, etc. (Andropogon schoenanthus), used in Oriental medical practice. -- Wood rush, any plant of the genus Luzula, which differs in some technical characters from Juncus.
RUSH Rush, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rushed (; p. pr. & vb. n. Rushing.] Etym: [OE. ruschen; cf. AS. hryscan to make a noise, D. ruischen to rustle, G. rauschen, MHG. r ro rush, to rustle, LG. rusken, OSw. ruska, Icel. & Sw. ruska to shake, Dan. ruske to shake, and E. rouse.]
1. To move forward with impetuosity, violence, and tumultuous rapidity or haste; as, armies rush to battle; waters rush down a precipice. Like to an entered tide, they all rush by. Shak.
2. To enter into something with undue haste and eagerness, or without due deliberation and preparation; as, to rush business or speculation. They . . . never think it to be a part of religion to rush into the office of princes and ministers. Sprat.
RUSH Rush, v. t.
1. To push or urge forward with impetuosity or violence; to hurry forward.
2. To recite (a lesson) or pass (an examination) without an error. [College Cant, U.S.]
RUSH Rush, n.
1. A moving forward with rapidity and force or eagerness; a violent motion or course; as, a rush of troops; a rush of winds; a rush of water. A gentleman of his train spurred up his horse, and, with a violent rush, severed him from the duke. Sir H. Wotton.
2. Great activity with pressure; as, a rush of business. [Colloq.]
3. A perfect recitation. [College Cant, U.S.]
4. (Football) (a) A rusher; as, the center rush, whose place is in the center of the rush line; the end rush. (b) The act of running with the ball. Bunt rush (Football), a combined rush by main strength. -- Rush line (Football), the line composed of rushers.
RUSH-BEARING Rush"-bear`ing, n.
Defn: A kind of rural festival at the dedication of a church, when the parishioners brought rushes to strew the church. [Eng.] Nares.
RUSHBUCKLER Rush"buc`kler, n.
Defn: A bullying and violent person; a braggart; a swashbuckler. [Obs.] That flock of stout, bragging rushbucklers. Robynson (More's Utopia).
RUSHED Rushed, a.
Defn: Abounding or covered with rushes.
RUSHER Rush"er, n.
Defn: One who rushes. Whitlock.
RUSHER Rush"er, n.
Defn: One who strewed rushes on the floor at dances. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
RUSHINESS Rush"i*ness, n. Etym: [From Rushy.]
Defn: The quality or state of abounding with rushes.
RUSHINGLY Rush"ing*ly, adv.
Defn: In a rushing manner.
RUSHLIGHT Rush"light`, n.
Defn: A rush candle, or its light; hence, a small, feeble light.
RUSHLIKE Rush"like`, a.
Defn: Resembling a rush; weak.
RUSHY Rush"y, a.
1. Abounding with rushes.
2. Made of rushes. Me rushy couch and frugal fare. Goldsmith.
RUSINE Ru"sine, a. Etym: [NL. rusa, the name of the genus, Malay rusa deer.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of, like, or pertaining to, a deer of the genus Rusa, which includes the sambur deer (Rusa Aristotelis) of India. Rusine antler (Zoöl.), an antler with the brow tyne simple, and the beam forked at the tip.
RUSK Rusk, n. Etym: [Sp. rosca de mar sea rusks, a kind of biscuit, rosca properly meaning, a screw, spiral.]
1. A kind of light, soft bread made with yeast and eggs, often toasted or crisped in an oven; or a kind of sweetened biscuit.
2. A kind of light, hard cake or bread, as for stores Smart.
3. Bread or cake which has been made brown and crisp, and afterwards grated, or pulverized in a mortar.
RUSMA Rus"ma, n. Etym: [Corrupt. from Turk. khyryzma a paste used as a depilatory, fr. Gr. rusma.]
Defn: A depilatory made of orpiment and quicklime, and used by the Turks. See Rhusma.
RUSS Russ, n. sing. & pl.
1. A Russian, or the Russians. [Rare, except in poetry.]
2. The language of the Russians.
RUSS Russ, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Russians.
RUSSET Rus"set, a. Etym: [F. rousset, dim. of roux red, L. russus (for rudtus, rudhtus), akin to E. red. See Red, and cf. Roussette.]
1. Of a reddish brown color, or (by some called) a red gray; of the color composed of blue, red, and yellow in equal strength, but unequal proportions, namely, two parts of red to one each of blue and yellow; also, of a yellowish brown color. The morn, in russet mantle clad. Shak. Our summer such a russet livery wears. Dryden.
2. Coarse; homespun; rustic. [R.] Shak.
RUSSET Rus"set, n.
1. A russet color; a pigment of a russet color.
2. Cloth or clothing of a russet color.
3. A country dress; -- so called because often of a russet color. Dryden.
4. An apple, or a pear, of a russet color; as, the English russet, and the Roxbury russet.
RUSSETING Rus"set*ing, n.
Defn: See Russet, n., 2 and 4.
RUSSETY Rus"set*y, a.
Defn: Of a russet color; russet.
RUSSIA Rus"sia, n.
Defn: A country of Europe and Asia. Russia iron, a kind of sheet iron made in Russia, having a lustrous blue-black surface. -- Russia leather, a soft kind of leather, made originally in Russia but now elsewhere, having a peculiar odor from being impregnated with an oil obtained from birch bark. It is much used in bookbinding, on account of its not being subject to mold, and being proof against insects. -- Russia matting, matting manufactured in Russia from the inner bark of the linden (Tilia Europæa).
RUSSIAN Rus"sian ( or ; 277), a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Russia, its inhabitants, or language. -- n.
Defn: A native or inhabitant of Russia; the language of Russia. Russian bath. See under Bath.
RUSSIAN CHURCH Rus"sian Church.
Defn: The established church of the Russian empire. It forms a portion, by far the largest, of the Eastern Church and is governed by the Holy Synod. The czar is the head of the church, but he has never claimed the right of deciding questions of theology and dogma.
RUSSIANIZE Rus"sian*ize, v. t.
Defn: To make Russian, or more or less like the Russians; as, to Russianize the Poles.
RUSSIFICATION Rus"si*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Russia + L. -ficare (im comp.) to make. See -fy.]
Defn: The act or process of being Russified.
RUSSIFY Rus"si*fy, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. russifier. See -fy.]
Defn: To Russianize; as, to Russify conquered tribes.
RUSSOPHILE; RUSSOPHILIST Rus"so*phile, Rus"soph"i*list, n. Etym: [Russia + Gr. to love: cf. F. russophile.]
Defn: One who, not being a Russian, favors Russian policy and aggrandizement. -- Rus*soph"ilism, n. [Chiefly newspaper words.]
RUSSOPHOBE; RUSSOPHOBIST Rus"so*phobe, Rus*soph"o*bist, Etym: [Russia + Gr.
Defn: One who dreads Russia or Russian influence. [Words sometimes found in the newspapers.]
RUSSOPHOBIA Rus`so*pho"bi*a, n.
Defn: Morbid dread of Russia or of Russian influence.
RUST Rust, n. Etym: [AS. rust; akin to D. roest, G. & Sw. rost, Icel. ryth; -- named from its color, and akin to E. red. *113. See Red.]
1. (Chem.)
Defn: The reddish yellow coating formed on iron when exposed to moist air, consisting of ferric oxide or hydroxide; hence, by extension, any metallic film of corrosion.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: A minute mold or fungus forming reddish or rusty spots on the leaves and stems of cereal and other grasses (Trichobasis Rubigo- vera), now usually believed to be a form or condition of the corn mildew (Puccinia graminis). As rust, it has solitary reddish spores; as corn mildew, the spores are double and blackish.
Note: Rust is also applied to many other minute fungi which infest vegetation, such as the species of Ustilago, Uredo, and Lecythea.
3. That which resembles rust in appearance or effects. Specifically: (a) A composition used in making a rust joint. See Rust joint, below. (b) Foul matter arising from degeneration; as, rust on salted meat. (c) Corrosive or injurious accretion or influence. Sacred truths cleared from all rust and dross of human mixtures. Eikon Basilike.
Note: Rust is used in the formation of compounds of obvious meaning; as, rust-colored, rust-consumed, rust-eaten, and the like. Rust joint, a joint made between surfaces of iron by filling the space between them with a wet mixture of cast-iron borings, sal ammoniac, and sulphur, which by oxidation becomes hard, and impervious to steam, water, etc. -- Rust mite (Zoöl.), a minute mite (Phytopius oleivorus) which, by puncturing the rind, causes the rust-colored patches on oranges.
RUST Rust, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rusted; p. pr. & vb. n. Rusting.] Etym: [AS. rustian.]
1. To contract rust; to be become oxidized. If gold ruste, what shall iron do Chaucer. Our armors now may rust. Dryden.
2. To be affected with the parasitic fungus called rust; also, to acquire a rusty appearance. as plants.
3. Fig.: To degenerate in idleness; to become dull or impaired by inaction. Must I rust in Egypt never more Appear in arms, and be the chief of Greece Dryden.
RUST Rust, v. t.
1. To cause to contract rust; to corrode with rust; to affect with rust of any kind. Keep up your bright swords, for the dew will rust them. Shak.
2. Fig.: To impair by time and inactivity. Johmson.
RUSTFUL Rust"ful, a.
Defn: Full of rust; resembling rust; causing rust; rusty. "Rustful sloth." Quarles.
RUSTIC Rus"tic, a. Etym: [L. rusticus, fr. rus, ruris, the country: cf. F. rustique. See Rural.]
1. Of or pertaining to the country; rural; as, the rustic gods of antiquity. Milton. And many a holy text around she strews, That teach the rustic moralist to die. Gray. She had a rustic, woodland air. Wordsworth.
2. Rude; awkward; rough; unpolished; as, rustic manners. "A rustic muse." Spenser.
3. Coarse; plain; simple; as, a rustic entertainment; rustic dress.
4. Simple; artless; unadorned; unaffected. Pope. Rustic moth (Zoöl.), any moth belonging to Agrotis and allied genera. Their larvæ are called cutworms. See Cutworm. -- Rustic work. (a) (Arch.) Cut stone facing which has the joints worked with grooves or channels, the face of each block projecting beyond the joint, so that the joints are very conspicuous. (b) (Arch. & Woodwork) Summer houses, or furniture for summer houses, etc., made of rough limbs of trees fancifully arranged.
Syn. -- Rural; rude; unpolished; inelegant; untaught; artless; honest. See Rural.
RUSTIC Rus"tic, n.
1. An inhabitant of the country, especially one who is rude, coarse, or dull; a clown. Hence to your fields, you rustics! hence, away. Pope.
2. A rural person having a natural simplicity of character or manners; an artless, unaffected person. [Poetic]
RUSTICAL Rus`tic*al, a.
Defn: Rustic. "Rustical society." Thackeray. -- Rus"tic*al*ly, adv. -- Rus"tic*al*ness, n.
RUSTICATE Rus"ti*cate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rusticated; p. pr. & vb. n. Rusticating.] Etym: [L. rusticaticus, p. p. of rusticari to rusticate. See Rustic.]
Defn: To go into or reside in the country; to ruralize. Pope.
RUSTICATE Rus"ti*cate, v. t.
Defn: To require or compel to reside in the country; to banish or send away temporarily; to impose rustication on. The town is again beginning to be full, and the rusticated beauty sees an end of her banishment. Idler.
RUSTICATED Rus"ti*ca`ted, a. (Arch.)
Defn: resembling rustic work. See Rustic work (a), under Rustic.
RUSTICATION Rus`ti*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. rusticatio.]
1. The act of rusticating, or the state of being rusticated; specifically, the punishment of a student for some offence, by compelling him to leave the institution for a time.
2. (Arch.)
Defn: Rustic work.
RUSTICITY Rus*tic"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. rusticatus: cf. F. rusticité.]
Defn: The quality or state of being rustic; rustic manners; rudeness; simplicity; artlessness. The sweetness and rusticity of a pastoral can not be so well expressed in any other tongue as in the Greek, when rightly mixed and qualified with the Doric dialect. Addison. The Saxons were refined from their rusticity. Sir W. Scott.
RUSTICLY Rus"tic*ly, adv.
Defn: In a rustic manner; rustically. Chapman.
RUSTILY Rust"i*ly, adv.
Defn: In a rusty state.
RUSTINESS Rust"i*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being rusty.
RUSTLE Rus"tle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rustled; p. pr. & vb. n. Rustling.] Etym: [AS. hristlan to rustle; or cf. Sw. rusta to stir, make a riot, or E. rush, v.]
1. To make a quick succession of small sounds, like the rubbing or moving of silk cloth or dry leaves. He is coming; I hear his straw rustle. Shak. Prouder than rustling in unpaid-for silk. Shak.
2. To stir about energetically; to strive to succeed; to bustle about. [Slang, Western U.S.]
RUSTLE Rus"tle, v. t.
Defn: To cause to rustle; as, the wind rustles the leaves.
RUSTLE Rus"tle, n.
Defn: A quick succession or confusion of small sounds, like those made by shaking leaves or straw, by rubbing silk, or the like; a rustling. When the noise of a torrent, the rustle of a wood, the song of birds, or the play of lambs, had power to fill the attention, and suspend all perception of the course of time. Idler.
RUSTLER Rus"tler, n.
1. One who, or that which, rustles.
2. A bovine animal that can care for itself in any circumstances; also, an alert, energetic, driving person. [Slang, Western U.S.]
RUSTLESS Rust"less, a.
Defn: Free from rust.
RUSTY Rust"y, a. Etym: [AS. rustig.] [Compar. Rustier (; superl. Rustiest.]
1. Covered or affected with rust; as, a rusty knife or sword; rusty wheat.
2. Impaired by inaction, disuse, or neglect. [Hector,] in this dull and long-continued truce, Is rusty grown. Shak.
3. Discolored and rancid; reasty; as, rusty bacon.
4. Surly; morose; crusty; sullen. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "Rusty words." Piers Plowman.
5. Rust-colored; dark. "Rusty blood." Spenser.
6. Discolored; stained; not cleanly kept; filthy. The rustly little schooners that bring fire wood from the Brititsh provinces. Hawthorne.
7. (Bot.)
Defn: Resembling, or covered with a substance resembling, rust; affected with rust; rubiginous.
RUT Rut, n. Etym: [F. rut, OF. ruit, L. ruditus a roaring, fr. rugire to roar; -sp called from the noise made by deer in rutting time.]
1. (Physiol.)
Defn: Sexual desire or oestrus of deer, cattle, and various other mammals; heat; also, the period during which the oestrus exists.
2. Roaring, as of waves breaking upon the shore; rote. See Rote.
RUT Rut, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Rutting.]
Defn: To have a strong sexual impulse at the reproductive period; -- said of deer, cattle, etc.
RUT Rut, v. t.
Defn: To cover in copulation. Dryden.
RUT Rut, n. Etym: [variant of route.]
Defn: A track worn by a wheel or by habitual passage of anything; a groove in which anything runs. Also used figuratively. in a rut.
RUT Rut, v. t.
Defn: To make a rut or ruts in; -- chiefly used as a past participle or a participial adj; as, a rutted road.
RUTA-BAGA Ru`ta-ba"ga, n. (Bot.)
Defn: A kind of turnip commonly with a large and long or ovoid yellowish root; a Swedish turnip. See Turnip.
RUTACEOUS Ru*ta"ceous, a. Etym: [L. rutaceous, from ruta rue. See Rue the plant.] (Bot.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to plants of a natural order (Rutacæ) of which the rue is the type, and which includes also the orange, lemon, dittany, and buchu.
RUTATE Ru"tate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of rutic acid.
RUTH Ruth, n. Etym: [From Rue, v.: cf. Icel. hryggedh, hrygedh.]
1. Sorrow for the misery of another; pity; tenderness. [Poetic] "They weep for ruth." Chaucer. "Have ruth of the poor." Piers Plowman. To stir up gentle ruth, Both for her noble blood, and for her tender youth. Spenser.
2. That which causes pity or compassion; misery; distress; a pitiful. [Obs.] It had been hard this ruth for to see. Chaucer. With wretched miseries and woeful ruth. Spenser.
RUTHENIC Ru*then"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, ruthenium; specifically, designating those compounds in which it has a higher valence as contrasted with ruthenious compounds.
RUTHENIOUS Ru*the"ni*ous, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, ruthenium; designating those compounds in which it has a lower valence as contrasted with ruthenic compounds.
RUTHENIUM Ru*the"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL. So named from the Ruthenians, a Little Russian people, as coming from Russia, the metal having been found in the Ural mountains.] (Chem.)
Defn: A rare element of the light platinum group, found associated with platinum ores, and isolated as a hard, brittle steel-gray metal which is very infusible. Symbol Ru. Atomic weight 103.5. Specific gravity 12.26. See Platinum metals, under Platinum.
RUTHFUL Ruth"ful, a.
Defn: Full of ruth; as: (a) Pitiful; tender. (b) Full of sorrow; woeful. (c) Causing sorrow. Shak. -- Ruth"ful*ly, adv.
RUTHLESS Ruth"less, a.
Defn: Having no ruth; cruel; pitiless. Their rage the hostile bands restrain, All but the ruthless monarch of the main. Pope. -- Ruth"less*ly, adv. -- Ruth"less*ness, n.
RUTIC Ru"tic, a. Etym: [Cf. Rutaceous.] (Chem.)
Defn: pertaining to, or obtained from, rue (Ruta); as, rutic acid, now commonly called capric acid.
RUTILANT Ru"ti*lant (, a. Etym: [L. rutilans, p. pr. of rutilare to have a reddish glow, fr. rutilus red: cf. F. rutilant.]
Defn: Having a reddish glow; shining. Parchments . . . colored with this rutilant mixture. Evelin.
RUTILATE Ru"ti*late, v. i. Etym: [L. rutilare, rutilatum.]
Defn: To shine; to emit rays of light. [Obs.] Ure.
RUTILE Ru"tile, n. Etym: [L. rutilus red, inclining to golden yellow.] (Min.)
Defn: A mineral usually of a reddish brown color, and brilliant metallic adamantine luster, occurring in tetragonal crystals. In composition it is titanium dioxide, like octahedrite and brooklite.
RUTILIAN Ru*til"i*an, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any species of lamellicorn beetles belonging to Rurila and allied genera, as the spotted grapevine beetle (Pelidnota punctata).
RUTIN Ru"tin, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A glucoside resembling, but distinct from, quercitrin. Rutin is found in the leaves of the rue (Ruta graveolens) and other plants, and obtained as a bitter yellow crystalline substance which yields quercitin on decomposition.
RUTINOSE Rutinose
Defn: A disaccharide present in glycosides. Prepared from rutin by hydrolysis with rhamnodiastase. 6-O-a-L-rhamnosyl-D-glucose; C12H22O10.
RUTTER Rut"ter, n. Etym: [D. ruiter a rider. Cf. Ruttier.]
Defn: A horseman or trooper. [Obs.] Such a regiment of rutters Never defied men braver. Beau. & Fl.
RUTTER Rut"ter, n. Etym: [From Rut.]
Defn: That which ruts.
RUTTERKIN Rut"ter*kin, n.
Defn: An old crafty fox or beguiler -- a word of contempt. [Obs.] Cotgrave.
RUTTIER Rut"ti*er, n. Etym: [F. routier, fr. route a road. See Route.]
Defn: A chart of a course, esp. at sea. [Obs.]
RUTTISH Rut"tish, a.
Defn: Inclined to rut; lustful; libidinous; salacious. Shak. -- Rut"tish*ness, n.
RUTTLE Rut"tle, n.
Defn: A rattling sound in the throat arising from difficulty of breathing; a rattle. [Obs.]
RUTTY Rut"ty, a.
Defn: Ruttish; lustful.
RUTTY Rut"ty, a.
Defn: Full of ruts; as a rutty road.
RUTTY Rut"ty, a. Etym: [See Root.]
Defn: Rooty. [Obs.] Spenser.
RUTYLENE Ru"ty*lene, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A liquid hydrocarbon, C10H18, of the acetylene series. It is produced artificially.
RYAL Ry"al ( or ), a.
Defn: Royal. [Obs.] Chaucer.
RYAL Ry"al, n.
Defn: See Rial, and old English coin.
RYDER Ry"der, n.
1. A clause added to a document; a rider. See Rider. [Obs.]
2. Etym: [D. rijder, properly, a rider.]
Defn: A gold coin of Zealand [Netherlands] equal to 14 florins, about $ 5.60.
RYE Rye, n. Etym: [OE. rie, reie, AS. ryge; akin to Icel. rugr, Sw. råg, Dan. rug, D. rogge, OHG. rocco, roggo, G. rocken, roggen, Lith. rugei, Russ. roje, and perh. To Gr. 'o`ryza rice. Cf. Rice.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A grain yielded by a hardy cereal grass (Secale cereale), closely allied to wheat; also, the plant itself. Rye constitutes a large portion of the breadstuff used by man.
2. A disease in a hawk. Ainsworth. Rye grass, Italian rye grass, (Bot.) See under Grass. See also Ray grass, and Darnel. -- Wild rye (Bot.), any plant of the genus Elymus, tall grasses with much the appearance of rye.
RYND Rynd ( or ), n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]
Defn: A piece of iron crossing the hole in the upper millstone by which the stone is supported on the spindle.
RYOT Ry"ot, n. Etym: [Ar. & Hind. ra'iyat, the same word as ra'iyah, a subject, tenant, peasant. See Rayah.]
Defn: A peasant or cultivator of the soil. [India] The Indian ryot and the Egyptian fellah work for less pay than any other laborers in the world. The Nation.
RYPOPHAGOUS Ry*poph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Eating, or subsisting on, filth.
RYS Rys ( or ), n.
Defn: A branch. [Obs.] Chaucer.
RYSH Rysh, n.
Defn: Rush, a plant. [Obs.] Chaucer.
RYSIMETER Ry*sim"e*ter, n.
Defn: See Rhysimeter.
RYTH Ryth, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. ri brook.]
Defn: A ford. [Obs.]
RYTINA Ryt"i*na, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of large edentulous sirenians, allied to the dugong and manatee, including but one species (R. Stelleri); -- called also Steller's sea cow. [Written also Rhytina.]
Note: * It is now extinct, but was formerly abundant at Behring's Island, near Behring's Straits. It was twenty-five feet or more in length, with a thick, blackish, naked skin. The last were killed in 1768 for their oil and flesh.
S
Defn: the nineteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a consonanat, and is often called a sibilant, in allusion to its hissing sound. It has two principal sounds; one a more hissing, as in sack, this; the other a vocal hissing (the same as that of z), as in is, wise. Besides these it sometimes has the sounds of sh and zh, as in sure, measure. It generally has its hissing sound at the beginning of words, but in the middle and at the end of words its sound is determined by usage. In a few words it is silent, as in isle, débris. With the letter h it forms the digraph sh. See Guide to pronunciation, t\'c5 255-261.
Note: Both the form and the name of the letter S are derived from the Latin, which got the letter through the Greek from the Phænician. the ultimate origin is Egyptian. S is etymologically most nearly related to c, z, t, and r; as, in ice, OE. is; E. hence, OE. hennes; E. rase, raze; erase, razor; that, G. das; E. reason, F. raison, L. ratio; E. was, were; chair, chaise (see C, Z, T, and R.).
-S -s.
1. Etym: [OE. es, AS. as.]
Defn: The suffix used to form the plural of most words; as in roads, elfs, sides, accounts.
2. Etym: [OE. -s, for older -th, AS. -th.]
Defn: The suffix used to form the third person singular indicative of English verbs; as in the falls, tells, sends.
3. An adverbial suffix; as in towards, needs, always, -- originally the genitive, possesive, ending. See -'s.
-'S -'s Etym: [OE. -es, AS. -es.]
Defn: The suffix used to form the possessive singular of nouns; as, boy's; man's.
'S 's.
Defn: A contraction for is or (colloquially) for has. "My heart's subdued." Shak.
-'S -'s [OE. -es, AS. -es.]
The suffix used to form the possessive singular of nouns; as, boy's; man's.
SAADH Sa"adh, n.
Defn: See Sadh.
SAAN Saan, n. pl. (Ethnol.)
Defn: Same as Bushmen.
SABADILLA Sab`a*dil"la, n. Etym: [Sp. cebadilla.] (Bot.)
Defn: A Mexican liliaceous plant (Schænocaulon officinale); also, its seeds, which contain the alkaloid veratrine. It was formerly used in medicine as an emetic and purgative.
SABAEAN Sa*bæ"an, a. & n.
Defn: Same as Sabianism.
SABAEANISM Sa*bæ"an*ism, n.
Defn: Same as Sabianism.
SABAEISM; SABAISM Sa"bæ*ism, Sa"ba*ism, n.
Defn: See Sabianism.
SABAL Sa"bal, n. (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of palm trees including the palmetto of the Southern United States.
SABAOTH Sab"a*oth (sâb"ay*ôth or sa"ba*ôth; 277), n. pl. Etym: [Heb. tseba'oth, pl. of tsaba', an army or host, fr. tsaba', to go forth to war.]
1. Armies; hosts.
Note: [Used twice in the English Bible, in the phrase "The Lord of Sabaoth."]
2. Incorrectly, the Sabbath.
SABBAT Sab"bat, n. Etym: [See Sabbath.]
Defn: In mediæval demonology, the nocturnal assembly in which demons and sorcerers were thought to celebrate their orgies.
SABBATARIAN Sab`ba*ta"ri*an, n. Etym: [L. Sabbatarius: cf. F. sabbataire. See Sabbath.]
1. One who regards and keeps the seventh day of the week as holy, aggreeably to the letter of the fourth commandment in the Decalogue.
Note: There were Christians in the early church who held this opinion, and certain Christians, esp. the Seventh-day Baptists, hold it now.
2. A strict observer of the Sabbath.
SABBATARIAN Sab`ba*ta"ri*an, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Sabbath, or the tenets of Sabbatarians.
SABBATARIANISM Sab`ba*ta"ri*an*ism, n.
Defn: The tenets of Sabbatarians. Bp. Ward. (1673).
SABBATH Sab"bath, n. Etym: [OE. sabat, sabbat, F. sabbat, L. sabbatum, Gr. shabbath, fr. shabath to rest from labor. Cf. Sabbat.]
1. A season or day of rest; one day in seven appointed for rest or worship, the observance of which was enjoined upon the Jews in the Decalogue, and has been continued by the Christian church with a transference of the day observed from the last to the first day of the week, which is called also Lord's Day. Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Ex. xx. 8.
2. The seventh year, observed among the Israelites as one of rest and festival. Lev. xxv. 4.
3. Fig.: A time of rest or repose; intermission of pain, effort, sorrow, or the like. Peaceful sleep out the sabbath of the tomb. Pope. Sabbath breaker, one who violates the law of the Sabbath. -- Sabbath breaking, the violation of the law of the Sabbath. -- Sabbath-day's journey, a distance of about a mile, which, under Rabbinical law, the Jews were allowed to travel on the Sabbath.
Syn. -- Sabbath, Sunday. Sabbath is not strictly synonymous with Sunday. Sabbath denotes the institution; Sunday is the name of the first day of the week. The Sabbath of the Jews is on Saturday, and the Sabbath of most Christians on Sunday. In New England, the first day of the week has been called "the Sabbath," to mark it as holy time; Sunday is the word more commonly used, at present, in all parts of the United States, as it is in England. "So if we will be the children of our heavenly Father, we must be careful to keep the Christian Sabbathday, which is the Sunday." Homilies.
SABBATHLESS Sab"bath*less, a.
Defn: Without Sabbath, or intermission of labor; hence, without respite or rest. Bacon.
SABBATIC; SABBATICAL Sab*bat"ic, Sab*bat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. sabbatique.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Sabbath; resembling the Sabbath; enjoying or bringing an intermission of labor. Sabbatical year (Jewish Antiq.), every seventh year, in which the Israelites were commanded to suffer their fields and vineyards to rest, or lie without tillage.
SABBATISM Sab"ba*tism, n. Etym: [L. sabbatismus, Gr. sabbatisme. See Sabbath.]
Defn: Intermission of labor, as upon the Sabbath; rest. Dr. H. More.
SABBATON Sab"ba*ton, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. zapaton, a large shoe, F. sabot a wooden shoe.]
Defn: A round-toed, armed covering for the feet, worn during a part of the sixteenth century in both military and civil dress.
SABEAN Sa*be"an, a. & n.
Defn: Same as Sabian.
SABEISM Sa"be*ism, n.
Defn: Same as Sabianism.
SABELLA Sa*bel"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. sabulum gravel.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of tubiculous annelids having a circle of plumose gills around head.
SABELLIAN Sa*bel"li*an, a.
Defn: Pertaining to the doctrines or tenets of Sabellius. See Sabellian, n.
SABELLIAN Sa*bel"li*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
Defn: A follower of Sabellius, a presbyter of Ptolemais in the third century, who maintained that there is but one person in the Godhead, and that the Son and Holy Spirit are only different powers, operations, or offices of the one God the Father.
SABELLIANISM Sa*bel"li*an*ism, n. (Eccl.)
Defn: The doctrines or tenets of Sabellius. See Sabellian, n.
SABELLOID Sa*bel"loid, a. Etym: [Sabella + -oid.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Like, or related to, the genus Sabella. -- Sa*bel"loid, n.
SABER; SABRE Sa"ber, Sa"bre, n. Etym: [F. sabre, G. säbel; of uncertain origin; cf. Hung. száblya, Pol. szabla, Russ. sabla, and L. Gr.
Defn: A sword with a broad and heavy blade, thick at the back, and usually more or less curved like a scimiter; a cavalry sword. Saber fish, or Sabre fish (Zoöl.), the cutlass fish.
SABER; SABRE Sa"ber, Sa"bre, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sabered or Sabred (; p. pr. & vb. n. Sabering or Sabring (.] Etym: [Cf. F. sabrer.]
Defn: To strike, cut, or kill with a saber; to cut down, as with a saber. You send troops to saber and bayonet us into submission. Burke.
SABERBILL; SABREBILL Sa"ber*bill`, Sa"bre*bill`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The curlew.
SABIAN Sa"bi*an, a. Etym: [L. Sabaeus.] [Written also Sabean, and Sabæanism.]
1. Of or pertaining to Saba in Arabia, celebrated for producing aromatic plants.
2. Relating to the religion of Saba, or to the worship of the heavenly bodies.
SABIAN Sa"bi*an, n.
Defn: An adherent of the Sabian religion; a worshiper of the heavenly bodies. [Written also Sabæan, and Sabean.]
SABIANISM Sa"bi*an*ism, n.
Defn: The doctrine of the Sabians; the Sabian religion; that species of idolatry which consists in worshiping the sun, moon, and stars; heliolatry. [Written also Sabæanism.]
SABICU Sab"i*cu, n.
Defn: The very hard wood of a leguminous West Indian tree (Lysilona Sabicu), valued for shipbuilding.
SABINE Sa"bine, a. Etym: [L. Sabinus.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to the ancient Sabines, a people of Italy. -- n.
Defn: One of the Sabine people.
SABINE Sab"ine, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. Sabina herba, fr. Sabini the Sabines. Cf. Savin.] (Bot.)
Defn: See Savin.
SABLE Sa"ble, n. Etym: [OF. sable, F. zibeline sable (in sense 4), LL. sabellum; cf. D. sabel, Dan. sabel, zobel, Sw. sabel, sobel, G. zobel; all fr. Russ. sóbole.]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A carnivorous animal of the Weasel family (Mustela zibellina) native of the northern latitudes of Europe, Asia, and America, -- noted for its fine, soft, and valuable fur.
Note: The sable resembles the marten, but has a longer head and ears. Its fur consists of a soft under wool, with a dense coat of hair, overtopped by another still longer. It varies greatly in color and quality according to the locality and the season of the year. The darkest and most valuable furs are taken in autumn and winter in the colder parts of Siberia, Russia, and British North America.
Note: The American sable, or marten, was formerly considered a distinct species (Mustela Americana), but it differs very little from the Asiatic sable, and is now considered only a geographical variety.
2. The fur of the sable.
3. A mouring garment; a funeral robe; -- generally in the plural. "Sables wove by destiny." Young.
4. (Her.)
Defn: The tincture black; -- represented by vertical and horizontal lines each other.
SABLE Sa"ble, a.
Defn: Of the color of the sable's fur; dark; black; -- used chiefly in poetry. Night, sable goddess! from her ebon throne, In rayless majesty, now stretches forth Her leaden scepter o'er a slumbering world. Young. Sable antelope (Zoöl.), a large South African antelope (Hippotragus niger). Both sexes have long, sharp horns. The adult male is black; the female is dark chestnut above, white beneath. -- Sable iron, a superior quality of Russia iron; -- so called because originally stamped with the figure of a sable. -- Sable mouse (Zoöl.), the lemming.
SABLE Sa"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sabled; p. pr. & vb. n. Sabling.]
Defn: To render sable or dark; to drape darkly or in black. Sabled all in black the shady sky. G. Fletcher.
SABOT Sa`bot", n. Etym: [F.]
1. A kind of wooden shoe worn by the peasantry in France, Belgium, Sweden, and some other European countries.
2. (Mil.)
Defn: A thick, circular disk of wood, to which the cartridge bag and projectile are attached, in fixed ammunition for cannon; also, a piece of soft metal attached to a projectile to take the groove of the rifling.
SABOTAGE Sa`bo`tage", n. [F.] (a) Scamped work. (b) Malicious waste or destruction of an employer's property or injury to his interests by workmen during labor troubles.
SABOTIERE Sa`bo"tière, n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: A kind of freezer for ices.
SABRE Sa"bre, n. & v.
Defn: See Saber.
SABRETASCHE Sa"bre*tasche`, n. Etym: [F. sabretache, G. säbel, tasche; säbel salber + tasche a pocket.] (Mil.)
Defn: A leather case or pocket worn by cavalry at the left side, suspended from the sword belt. Campbell (Dict. Mil. Sci. ).
SABRINA WORK Sa*bri"na work`.
Defn: A variety of appliqué work for quilts, table covers, etc. Caulfeild & S. (Dict. of Needlework).
SABULOSE Sab"u*lose, a. Etym: [L. sabulosus, from sabulum, sabulo, sand.] (Bot.)
Defn: Growing in sandy places.
SABULOSITY Sab`u*los"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality of being sabulous; sandiness; grittiness.
SABULOUS Sab"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. sabulosus.]
Defn: Sandy; gritty.
SAC Sac, n. (Ethnol.)
Defn: See Sace.
SAC Sac, n. Etym: [See Sake, Soc.] (O.Eng. Law)
Defn: The privilege formerly enjoyed the lord of a manor, of holding courts, trying causes, and imposing fines. Cowell.
SAC Sac, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. saccus a sack. See Sack a bag.]
1. See 2d Sack.
2. (Biol.)
Defn: A cavity, bag, or receptacle, usually containing fluid, and either closed, or opening into another cavity to the exterior; a sack.
SACALAIT Sac"a*lait, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A kind of fresh-water bass; the crappie. [Southern U.S.]
SACAR Sa"car, n.
Defn: See Saker.
SACCADE Sac*cade", n. Etym: [F.] (Man.)
Defn: A sudden, violent check of a horse by drawing or twitching the reins on a sudden and with one pull.
SACCATE Sac"cate, a. Etym: [NL. saccatus, fr. L. saccus a sack, bag.]
1. (Biol.)
Defn: Having the form of a sack or pouch; furnished with a sack or pouch, as a petal.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Saccata, a suborder of ctenophores having two pouches into which the long tentacles can be retracted.
SACCHARATE Sac"cha*rate, n. (Chem.) (a) A salt of saccharic acid. (b) In a wider sense, a compound of saccharose, or any similar carbohydrate, with such bases as the oxides of calcium, barium, or lead; a sucrate.
SACCHARIC Sac*char"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, saccharine substances; specifically, designating an acid obtained, as a white amorphous gummy mass, by the oxidation of mannite, glucose, sucrose, etc.
SACCHARIFEROUS Sac`cha*rif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. saccharon sugar + -ferous.]
Defn: Producing sugar; as, sacchariferous canes.
SACCHARIFY Sac*char"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saccharified; p. pr. & vb. n. Saccharifing.] Etym: [L. saccharon sugar + -fy: cf. F. saccharifier.]
Defn: Toconvert into, or to impregnate with, sugar.
SACCHARILLA Sac`cha*ril"la, n.
Defn: A kind of muslin.
SACCHARIMETER Sac`cha*rim"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. saccharon sugar + -meter: cf. F. saccharimètre.]
Defn: An instrument for ascertain the quantity of saccharine matter in any solution, as the juice of a plant, or brewers' and distillers' worts. [Written also saccharometer.]
Note: The common saccharimeter of the brewer is an hydrometer adapted by its scale to point out the proportion of saccharine matter in a solution of any specific gravity. The polarizing saccharimeter of the chemist is a complex optical apparatus, in which polarized light is transmitted through the saccharine solution, and the proportion of sugar indicated by the relative deviation of the plane of polarization.
SACCHARIMETRICAL Sac`cha*ri*met"ric*al, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to saccharimetry; obtained saccharimetry.
SACCHARIMETRY Sac`cha*rim"e*try, n.
Defn: The act, process or method of determining the amount and kind of sugar present in sirup, molasses, and the like, especially by the employment of polarizing apparatus.
SACCHARIN Sac"cha*rin, n. Etym: [F., from L. saccharon sugar.] (Chem.)
Defn: A bitter white crystalline substance obtained from the saccharinates and regarded as the lactone of saccharinic acid; -- so called because formerly supposed to be isomeric with cane sugar (saccharose).
SACCHARINATE Sac"cha*ri*nate, n. (Chem.) (a) A salt of saccharinic acid. (b) A salt of saccharine.
SACCHARINE Sac"cha*rine ( or ), a. Etym: [F. saccharin, fr. L. saccharob sugar, Gr. çarkara. Cf. Sugar.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to sugar; having the qualities of sugar; producing sugar; sweet; as, a saccharine taste; saccharine matter.
SACCHARINE Sac"cha*rine ( or ), n. (Chem.)
Defn: A trade name for benzoic sulphinide. [Written also saccharin.] C7H5NO3S.
SACCHARINIC Sac"cha*rin"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, saccharin; specifically, designating a complex acid not known in the free state but well known in its salts, which are obtained by boiling dextrose and levulose (invert sugar) with milk of lime.
SACCHARIZE Sac"cha*rize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saccharized; p. pr. & vb. n. Saccharizing.]
Defn: To convert into, or to impregnate with, sugar.
SACCHAROID; SACCHAROIDAL Sac"cha*roid, Sac`cha*roid"al, a. Etym: [L. saccharon sugar + -oid: cf. F. saccharoïde.]
Defn: resembling sugar, as in taste, appearance, consistency, or composition; as, saccharoidal limestone.
SACCHAROMETER Sac`cha*rom"e*ter, n.
Defn: A saccharimeter.
SACCHAROMYCES Sac`cha*ro*my"ces, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)
Defn: A genus of budding fungi, the various species of which have the power, to a greater or less extent, or splitting up sugar into alcohol and carbonic acid. They are the active agents in producing fermentation of wine, beer, etc. Saccharomyces cerevisiæ is the yeast of sedimentary beer. Also called Torula.
SACCHAROMYCETES Sac`cha*ro*my*ce"tes, n. pl. (Biol.)
Defn: A family of fungi consisting of the one genus Saccharomyces.
SACCHARONATE Sac"cha*ro*nate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of saccharonic acid.
SACCHARONE Sac"cha*rone, n. Etym: [Saccharin + lactone,] (Chem.) (a) A white crystalline substance, C6H8O6, obtained by the oxidation of saccharin, and regarded as the lactone of saccharonic acid. (b) An oily liquid, C6H10O2, obtained by the reduction of saccharin.
SACCHARONIC Sac`cha*ron"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, saccharone; specifically, designating an unstable acid which is obtained from saccharone (a) by hydration, and forms a well-known series of salts.
SACCHAROSE Sac"cha*rose`, n. (Chem.)
Defn: Cane sugar; sucrose; also, in general, any one of the group of which saccharose, or sucrose proper, is the type. See Sucrose.
SACCHAROUS Sac"cha*rous, a.
Defn: Saccharine.
SACCHARUM Sac"cha*rum, n. Etym: [NL. See Saccharine.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of tall tropical grasses including the sugar cane.
SACCHOLACTATE Sac`cho*lac"tate, n. Etym: [See Saccharolactatic.] (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of saccholactactic acid; -- formerly called also saccholate. [Obs.] See Mucate.
SACCHOLACTIC Sac`cho*lac"tic, a. Etym: [L. saccharon sugar + lac, lactis, milk.] (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid now called mucic acid; saccholic. [Obs.]
SACCHOLIC Sac*chol"ic, a.
Defn: Saccholatic. [Obs.]
SACCHULMATE Sac*chul"mate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sacchulmic acid.
SACCHULMIC Sac*chul"mic, a. Etym: [Saccharine + ulmic.] (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained as a dark amorphous substance by the long-continued boiling of sucrose with very dilute sulphuric acid. It resembles humic acid. [Written also sacculmic.]
SACCHULMIN Sac*chul"min, n. (Chem.)
Defn: An amorphous huminlike substance resembling sacchulmic acid, and produced together with it.
SACCIFEROUS Sac*cif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. saccus a sack + -ferous.] (Biol.)
Defn: Bearing a sac.
SACCIFORM Sac"ci*form, a. Etym: [L. saccus a sack + -form.] (Biol.)
Defn: Having the general form of a sac.
SACCOGLOSSA Sac`co*glos"sa, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. saccus a sack + Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Same as Pellibranchiata.
SACCULAR Sac"cu*lar, a.
Defn: Like a sac; sacciform.
SACCULATED Sac"cu*la`ted, a.
Defn: Furnished with little sacs.
SACCULE Sac"cule, n. Etym: [L. sacculus, dim. of saccus sack.]
Defn: A little sac; specifically, the sacculus of the ear.
SACCULO-COCHLEAR Sac`cu*lo-coch"le*ar, a. (Anat.)
Defn: pertaining to the sacculus and cochlea of the ear.
SACCULO-UTRICULAR Sac`cu*lo-u*tric"u*lar, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Pertaining to the sacculus and utriculus of the ear.
SACCULUS Sac"cu*lus, n.; pl. Sacculi. Etym: [L., little sack.] (Anat.)
Defn: A little sac; esp., a part of the membranous labyrinth of the ear. See the Note under Ear.
SACCUS Sac"cus, n.; pl. Sacci. Etym: [L., a sack.] (Biol.)
Defn: A sac.
SACELLUM Sa*cel"lum, n.; pl. Sacella. Etym: [L., dim. of sacrum a sacred place.] (a) (Rom. Antiq.) An unroofed space consecrated to a divinity. (b) (Eccl.) A small monumental chapel in a church. Shipley.
SACERDOTAL Sac`er*do"tal, a. Etym: [L. sacerdotalis, fr. sacerdos, -otis, a priest, fr.sacer holy, sacred: cf. F. sacerdotal.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to priests, or to the order of priests; relating to the priesthood; priesty; as, sacerdotal dignity; sacerdotal functions. The ascendency of the sacerdotal order was long the ascendency which naturally and properly belongs to intellectual superiority. Macaulay.
SACERDOTALISM Sac`er*do"tal*ism, m.
Defn: The system, style, spirit, or character, of a priesthood, or sacerdotal order; devotion to the interests of the sacerdotal order.
SACERDOTALLY Sac`er*do"tal*ly, adv.
Defn: In a sacerdotal manner.
SACHEL Sach"el, n.
Defn: A small bag. See Satchel.
SACHEM Sa"chem, n.
Defn: A chief of a tribe of the American Indians; a sagamore.
SACHEMDOM Sa"chem*dom, n.
Defn: The government or jurisdiction of a sachem. Dr. T. Dwight.
SACHEMSHIP Sa"chem*ship, n.
Defn: Office or condition of a sachem.
SACHET Sa`chet", n. Etym: [F., dim. of sac. See Sac.]
Defn: A scent bag, or perfume cushion, to be laid among handkerchiefe, garments, etc., to perfume them.
SACIETY Sa*ci"e*ty, n.
Defn: Satiety. [Obs.] Bacon.
SACK Sack, n. Etym: [OE. seck, F. sec dry (cf. Sp. seco, It secco), from L. siccus dry, harsh; perhaps akin to Gr. sikata sand, Ir. sesc dry, W. hysp. Cf. Desiccate.]
Defn: A anme formerly given to various dry Spanish wines. "Sherris sack." Shak. Sack posset, a posset made of sack, and some other ingredients.
SACK Sack, n. Etym: [OE. sak, sek, AS. sacc, sæcc, L. saccus, Gr. sak; cf. F. sac from the Latin. Cf. Sac, Satchel, Sack to plunder.]
1. A bag for holding and carrying goods of any kind; a receptacle made of some kind of pliable material, as cloth, leather, and the like; a large pouch.
2. A measure of varying capacity, according to local usage and the substance. The American sack of salt is 215 pounds; the sack of wheat, two bushels. McElrath.
3. Etym: [Perhaps a different word.]
Defn: Originally, a loosely hanging garnment for women, worn like a cloak about the shoulders, and serving as a decorative appendage to the gown; now, an outer garment with sleeves, worn by women; as, a dressing saek. [Written also sacque.]
4. A sack coat; a kind of coat worn by men, and extending from top to bottom without a cross seam.
5. (Biol.)
Defn: See 2d Sac, 2. Sack bearer (Zoöl.). See Basket worm, under Basket. -- Sack tree (Bot.), an East Indian tree (Antiaris saccidora) which is cut into lengths, and made into sacks by turning the bark inside out, and leaving a slice of the wood for a bottom. -- To give the sack to or get the sack, to discharge, or be discharged, from employment; to jilt, or be jilted. [Slang]
SACK Sack, v. t.
1. To put in a sack; to bag; as, to sack corn. Bolsters sacked in cloth, blue and crimson. L. Wallace.
2. To bear or carry in a sack upon the back or the shoulders. [Colloq.]
SACK Sack, n. Etym: [F. sac plunder, pillage, originally, a pack, packet, booty packed up, fr. L. saccus. See Sack a bag.]
Defn: the pillage or plunder, as of a town or city; the storm and plunder of a town; devastation; ravage. The town was stormed, and delivered up to sack, -- by which phrase is to be understood the perpetration of all those outrages which the ruthless code of war allowed, in that age, on the persons and property of the defenseless inhabitants, without regard to sex or age. Prescott.
SACK Sack, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sacked; p. pr. & vb. n. Sacking.] Etym: [See Sack pillage.]
Defn: To plunder or pillage, as a town or city; to devastate; to ravage. The Romans lay under the apprehension of seeing their city sacked by a barbarous enemy. Addison.
SACKAGE Sack"age (; 48), n.
Defn: The act of taking by storm and pillaging; sack. [R.] H. Roscoe.
SACKBUT Sack"but, n. Etym: [F. saquebute, OF. saqueboute a sackbut. earlier, a sort of hook attached to the end of a lance used by foot soldiers to unhorse cavalrymen; prop. meaning, pull and push; fr. saquier, sachier, to pull, draw (perhaps originally, to put into a bag or take out from a bag; see Sack a bag) + bouter to push (see Butt to thrust). The name was given to the musical instrument from its being lengthened and shortened.] (Mus.)
Defn: A brass wind instrument, like a bass trumpet, so contrived that it can be lengthened or shortened according to the tone required; -- said to be the same as the trombone. [Written also sagbut.] Moore (Encyc. of Music).
Note: The sackbut of the Scriptures is supposed to have been a stringed instrument.
SACKCLOTH Sack"cloth`, n.
Defn: Linen or cotton cloth such a sacks are made of; coarse cloth; anciently, a cloth or garment worn in mourning, distress, mortification, or penitence. Gird you with sackcloth, and mourn before Abner. 2 Sam. iii. 31. Thus with sackcloth I invest my woe. Sandys.
SACKCLOTHED sack"clothed`, a.
Defn: Clothed in sackcloth.
SACKER Sack"er, n.
Defn: One who sacks; one who takes part in the storm and pillage of a town.
SACKFUL Sack"ful, n.; pl. Sackfuls (.
Defn: As much as a sack will hold.
SACKFUL Sack"ful, a.
Defn: Bent on plunder. [Obs.] Chapman.
SACKING Sack"ing, n. Etym: [AS. sæccing, from sæcc sack, bag.]
Defn: Stout, coarse cloth of which sacks, bags, etc., are made.
SACKLESS Sack"less, a. Etym: [AS. sacleás; sacu contention + leás loose, free from.]
Defn: Quiet; peaceable; harmless; innocent. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
SACK-WINGED Sack"-winged`, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having a peculiar pouch developed near the front edge of the wing; -- said of certain bats of the genus Saccopteryx.
SACQUE Sacque, n. Etym: [Formed after the analogy of the French. See 2d Sack.]
Defn: Same as 2d Sack, 3.
SACRAL Sa"cral, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the sacrum; in the region of the sacrum.
SACRAMENT Sac"ra*ment, n. Etym: [L. sacramentum an oath, a sacred thing, a mystery, a sacrament, fr. sacrare to declare as sacred, sacer sacred: cf. F. sacrament. See Sacred.]
1. The oath of allegiance taken by Roman soldiers; hence, a sacred ceremony used to impress an obligation; a solemn oath-taking; an oath. [Obs.] I'll take the sacrament on't. Shak.
2. The pledge or token of an oath or solemn cobenant; a sacred thing; a mystery. [Obs.] God sometimes sent a light of fire, and pillar of a cloud . . . and the sacrament of a rainbow, to guide his people through their portion of sorrows. Jer. Taylor.
3. (Theol.)
Defn: One of the solemn religious ordinances enjoined by Christ, the head of the Christian church, to be observed by his followers; hence, specifically, the eucharist; the Lord's Supper.
Syn. -- Sacrament, Eucharist. -- Protestants apply the term sacrament to baptism and the Lord's Supper, especially the latter. The R. Cath. and Greek churches have five other sacraments, viz., confirmation, penance, holy orders, matrimony, and extreme unction. As sacrament denotes an oath or vow, the word has been applied by way of emphasis to the Lord's Supper, where the most sacred vows are renewed by the Christian in commemorating the death of his Redeemer. Eucharist denotes the giving of thanks; and this term also has been applied to the same ordinance, as expressing the grateful remembrance of Christ's sufferings and death. "Some receive the sacrament as a means to procure great graces and blessings; others as an eucharist and an office of thanksgiving for what they have received." Jer. Taylor.
SACRAMENT Sac"ra*ment, v. t.
Defn: To bind by an oath. [Obs.] Laud.
SACRAMENTAL Sac`ra*men"tal, a. Etym: [L. sacramentalis: cf. F. sacramental, sacramentel.]
1. Of or pertaining to a sacrament or the sacraments; of the nature of a sacrament; sacredly or solemny binding; as, sacramental rites or elements.
2. Bound by a sacrament. The sacramental host of God's elect. Cowper.
SACRAMENTAL Sac`ra*men"tal, n.
Defn: That which relates to a sacrament. Bp. Morton.
SACRAMENTALISM Sac`ra*men"tal*ism, n.
Defn: The doctrine and use of sacraments; attashment of excessive importance to sacraments.
SACRAMENTALIST Sac`ra*men"tal*ist, n.
Defn: One who holds the doctrine of the real objective presence of Christ;s body and blood in the holy eucharist. Shipley.
SACRAMENTALLY Sac`ra*men"tal*ly, adv.
Defn: In a sacrament manner.
SACRAMENTARIAN Sac`ra*men*ta"ri*an, n. Etym: [LL. sacramentarius: cf. F. sacramentaire.]
1. (Eccl.)
Defn: A name given in the sixteenth century to those German reformers who rejected both the Roman and the Lutheran doctrine of the holy eucharist.
2. One who holds extreme opinions regarding the efficacy of sacraments.
SACRAMENTARIAN Sac`ra*men*ta"ri*an, a.
1. Of or pertaining a sacrament, or to the sacramentals; sacramental.
2. Of or pertaining to the Sacramentarians.
SACRAMENTARY Sac`ra*men"ta*ry, a.
1. Of or pertaining a sacrament or the sacraments; sacramental.
2. Of or pertaining to the Sacramentarians.
SACRAMENTARY Sac`ra*men"ta*ry, n.; pl. -ries. Etym: [LL. sacramentarium: cf. F. sacramentaire.]
1. An ancient book of the Roman Catholic Church, written by Pope Gelasius, and revised, corrected, and abridged by St. Gregory, in which were contained the rites for Mass, the sacraments, the dedication of churches, and other ceremonies. There are several ancient books of the same kind in France and Germany.
2. Same as Sacramentarian, n., 1. Papists, Anabaptists, and Sacramentaries. Jer. Taylor.
SACRAMENTIZE Sac"ra*ment*ize, v. i.
Defn: To administer the sacraments. [R.] Both to preach and sacramentize. Fuller.
SACRARIUM Sa*cra"ri*um, n.; pl. -ria. Etym: [L., fr. sacer sacred.]
1. A sort of family chapel in the houses of the Romans, devoted to a special divinity.
2. The adytum of a temple. Gwilt.
3. In a Christian church, the sanctuary.
SACRATE Sa"crate, v. t. Etym: [L. sacratus, p.p. of sacrare. See Sacred.]
Defn: To consecrate. [Obs.]
SACRATION Sa*cra"tion, n.
Defn: Consecration. [Obs.]
SACRE Sa"cre, n.
Defn: See Sakker.
SACRE Sa"cre, v. t. Etym: [F. sacrer. See Sacred.]
Defn: To consecrate; to make sacred. [Obs.] Holland.
SACRED Sa"cred, a. Etym: [Originally p.p. of OE. sacren to consecrate, F. sacrer, fr. L. sacrare, fr. sacer sacred, holy, cursed. Cf. Consecrate, Execrate, Saint, Sextion.]
1. Set apart by solemn religious ceremony; especially, in a good sense, made holy; set apart to religious use; consecrated; not profane or common; as, a sacred place; a sacred day; sacred service.
2. Relating to religion, or to the services of religion; not secular; religious; as, sacred history. Smit with the love of sacred song. Milton.
3. Designated or exalted by a divine sanction; possessing the highest title to obedience, honor, reverence, or veneration; entitled to extreme reverence; venerable. Such neighbor nearness to our sacred [royal] blood Should nothing privilege him. Shak. Poet and saint to thee alone were given, The two most sacred names of earth and heaven. Cowley.
4. Hence, not to be profaned or violated; inviolable. Secrets of marriage still are sacred held. Dryden.
5. Consecrated; dedicated; devoted; -- with to. A temple, sacred to the queen oflove. Dryden.
6. Solemnly devoted, in a bad sense, as to evil, vengeance, curse, or the like; accursed; baleful. [Archaic] But, to destruction sacred and devote. Milton.
Society of the Sacred Heart (R.C. Ch.), a religious order of women, founded in France in 1800, and approved in 1826. It was introduced into America in 1817. The members of the order devote themselves to the higher branches of female education. -- Sacred baboon. (Zoöl.) See Hamadryas. -- Sacred bean (Bot.), a seed of the Oriental lotus (Nelumbo speciosa or Nelimbium speciosum), a plant resembling a water lily; also, the plant itself. See Lotus. -- Sacred beetle (Zoöl.) See Scarab. -- Sacred canon. See Canon, n., 3. -- Sacred fish (Zoöl.), any one of fresh-water African fishes of the family Mormyridæ. Several large species inhabit the Nile and were considered sacred by the ancient Egyptians; especially Mormyris oxyrhynchus. -- Sacred ibis. See Ibis. -- Sacred monkey. (Zoöl.) (a) Any Asiatic monkey of the genus Semnopitchecus, regarded as sacred by the Hindoos; especially, the entellus. See Entellus. (b) The sacred baboon. See Hamadryas. (c) The blunder monkey. -- Sacred place (Civil Law), the place where a deceased person is buried.
Syn. -- Holy; divine; hallowed; consecrated; dedicated; devoted; religious; venerable; reverend. -- Sa"cred*ly, adv. -- Sa"cred*ness, n.
SACRIFIC; SACRIFICAL Sacrif"ic, Sa*crif"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. sacrificus, sacrificalis. See Sacrifice.]
Defn: Employed in sacrifice. [R.] Johnson.
SACRIFICABLE Sa*crif"ic*a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being offered in sacrifice. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
SACRIFICANT Sa*crif"ic*ant, n. Etym: [L. sacrificans, p.pr. See Sacrifice.]
Defn: One who offers a sacrifice. [R.]
SACRIFICATOR Sac"ri*fi*ca`tor, n. Etym: [L.]
Defn: A sacrificer; one who offers a sacrifice. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
SACRIFICATORY Sa*crif"ic`a*to*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sacrificatoire.]
Defn: Offering sacrifice. [R.] Sherwood.
SACRIFICE Sac"ri*fice, n. Etym: [OE. sacrifise, sacrifice, F. sacrifice, fr. L. sacrificium; sacer sacer + facere to make. See Sacred, and Fact.]
1. The offering of anything to God, or to a god; consecratory rite. Great pomp, and sacrifice, and praises loud, To Dagon. Milton.
2. Anything consecrated and offered to God, or to a divinity; an immolated victin, or an offering of any kind, laid upon an altar, or otherwise presented in the way of religious thanksgiving, atonement, or conciliation. Moloch, horrid king, besmeared with blood Of human sacrifice. Milton. My life, if thou preserv's my life, Thy sacrifice shall be. Addison.
3. Destruction or surrender of anything for the sake of something else; devotion of some desirable object in behalf of a higher object, or to a claim deemed more pressing; hence, also, the thing so devoted or given up; as, the sacrifice of interest to pleasure, or of pleasure to interest.
4. A sale at a price less than the cost or the actual value. [Tradesmen's Cant] Burnt sacrifice. See Burnt offering, under Burnt. -- Sacrifice hit (Baseball), in batting, a hit of such a kind that the batter loses his chance of tallying, but enables one or more who are on bases to get home or gain a base.
SACRIFICE Sac"ri*fice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sacrificed (; p. pr. & vb. n. Sacrificing (.] Etym: [From Sacrifice, n.: cf. F. sacrifier, L. sacrificare; sacer sacred, holy + -ficare (only in comp.) to make. See -fy.]
1. To make an offering of; to consecrate or present to a divinity by way of expiation or propitiation, or as a token acknowledgment or thanksgiving; to immolate on the altar of God, in order to atone for sin, to procure favor, or to express thankfulness; as, to sacrifice an ox or a sheep. Oft sacrificing bullock, lamb, or kid. Milton.
2. Hence, to destroy, surrender, or suffer to be lost, for the sake of obtaining something; to give up in favor of a higher or more imperative object or duty; to devote, with loss or suffering. Condemned to sacrifice his childish years To babbling ignorance, and to empty fears. Prior. The Baronet had sacrificed a large sum . . . for the sake of . . . making this boy his heir. G. Eliot.
3. To destroy; to kill. Johnson.
4. To sell at a price less than the cost or the actual value. [Tradesmen's Cant]
SACRIFICE Sac"ri*fice, v. i.
Defn: To make offerings to God, or to a deity, of things consumed on the altar; to offer sacrifice. O teacher, some great mischief hath befallen To that meek man, who well had sacrificed. Milton.
SACRIFICER Sac"ri*fi`cer, n.
Defn: One who sacrifices.
SACRIFICIAL Sac`ri*fi"cial, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to sacrifice or sacrifices; consisting in sacrifice; performing sacrifice. "Sacrificial rites." Jer. Taylor.
SACRILEGE Sac"ri*lege, n. Etym: [F. sacrilège, L. sacrilegium, from sacrilegus that steals, properly, gathers or picks up, sacred things; sacer sacred + legere to gather, pick up. See Sacred, and Legend.]
Defn: The sin or crime of violating or profaning sacred things; the alienating to laymen, or to common purposes, what has been appropriated or consecrated to religious persons or uses. And the hid treasures in her sacred tomb With sacrilege to dig. Spenser. Families raised upon the ruins of churches, and enriched with the spoils of sacrilege. South.
SACRILEGIOUS Sac`ri*le"gious, a. Etym: [From sacrilege: cf. L. sacrilegus.]
Defn: Violating sacred things; polluted with sacrilege; involving sacrilege; profane; impious. Above the reach of sacrilegious hands. pope. -- Sac`ri*le"gious*ly, adv. -- Sac`ri*le"gious*ness, n.
SACRILEGIST Sac"ri*le`gist, n.
Defn: One guilty of sacrilege.
SACRING Sac"ring,
Defn: a. & n. from Sacre. Sacring bell. See Sanctus bell, under Sanctus.
SACRIST Sa"crist, n. Etym: [LL. sacrista. See Sacristan.]
Defn: A sacristan; also, a person retained in a cathedral to copy out music for the choir, and take care of the books.
SACRISTAN Sac"ris*tan, n. Etym: [F. sacristian, LL. sacrista, fr. L. sacer. See Sacred, and cf. Sexton.]
Defn: An officer of the church who has the care of the utensils or movables, and of the church in general; a sexton.
SACRISTY Sac"ris*ty, n.; pl. Sacristies. Etym: [F. sacristie, LL. sacristia, fr. L. sacer. See Sacred.]
Defn: A apartment in a church where the sacred utensils, vestments, etc., are kept; a vestry.
SACRO- Sa"cro- (. (Anat.)
Defn: A combining form denoting connection with, or relation to, the sacrum, as in sacro-coccyageal, sacro-iliac, sacrosciatic.
SACROSANCT Sac"ro*sanct, a. Etym: [L. sucrosanctus.]
Defn: Sacred; inviolable. [R.] Dr. H. More.
SACROSCIATIC Sa`cro*sci*at"ic, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to both the sacrum and the hip; as, the sacrosciatic formina formed by the sacrosciatic ligaments which connect the sacrum and hip bone.
SACROVERTEBRAL Sa`cro*ver"te*bral, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the sacrum and that part of the vertebral column immediately anterior to it; as, the sacrovertebral angle.
SACRUM sa"crum, n.; pl. sacra (. Etym: [NL., fr. L. sacer sacred, os sacrum the lowest bone of the spine.] (Anat.)
Defn: That part of the vertebral column which is directly connected with, or forms a part of, the pelvis.
Note: It may consist of a single vertebra or of several more or less consolidated. In man it forms the dorsal, or posterior, wall of the pelvis, and consists of five united vertebræ, which diminish in size very rapidly to the posterior extremity, which bears the coccyx.
SACS Sacs, n. pl.; sing. Sac (. (Ethnol.)
Defn: A tribe of Indians, which, together with the Foxes, formerly occupied the region about Green Bay, Wisconsin. [Written also Sauks.]
SAD Sad, a. [Compar. Sadder; supperl. Saddest.] Etym: [OE. sad sated, tired, satisfied, firm, steadfast, AS. sæd satisfied, sated; akin to D. zat, OS. sad, G. tt, OHG. sat, sa, saddr, Goth. saps, Lith. sotus, L. sat, satis, enough, satur sated, Gr. Assets, Sate, Satiate, Satisfy Satire.]
1. Sated; satisfied; weary; tired. [Obs.] Yet of that art they can not waxen sad, For unto them it is a bitter sweet. Chaucer.
2. Heavy; weighty; ponderous; close; hard. [Obs., except in a few phrases; as, sad bread.] His hand, more sad than lump of lead. Spenser. Chalky lands are naturally cold and sad. Mortimer.
3. Dull; grave; dark; somber; -- said of colors. "Sad-colored clothes." Walton. Woad, or wade, is used by the dyers to lay the foundation of all sad colors. Mortimer.
4. Serious; grave; sober; steadfast; not light or frivolous. [Obs.] "Ripe and sad courage." Bacon. Which treaty was wisely handled by sad and discrete counsel of both parties. Ld. Berners.
5. Affected with grief or unhappiness; cast down with affliction; downcast; gloomy; mournful. First were we sad, fearing you would not come; Now sadder, that you come so unprovided. Shak. The angelic guards ascended, mute and sad. Milton.
6. Afflictive; calamitous; causing sorrow; as, a sad accident; a sad misfortune.
7. Hence, bad; naughty; troublesome; wicked. [Colloq.] "Sad tipsy fellows, both of them." I. Taylor.
Note: Sad is sometimes used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, sad-colored, sad-eyed, sad-hearted, sad-looking, and the like. Sad bread, heavy bread. [Scot. & Local, U.S.] Bartlett.
Syn. -- Sorrowful; mournful; gloomy; dejected; depressed; cheerless; downcast; sedate; serious; grave; grievous; afflictive; calamitous.
SAD Sad, v. t.
Defn: To make sorrowful; to sadden. [Obs.] How it sadded the minister's spirits! H. Peters.
SADDA Sad"da, n. Etym: [Per. sad-dar the hundred gates or ways; sad a hundred + dar door, way.]
Defn: A work in the Persian tongue, being a summary of the Zend- Avesta, or sacred books.
SADDEN Sad"den, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saddened; p. pr. & vb. n. Saddening.]
Defn: To make sad. Specifically: (a) To render heavy or cohesive. [Obs.] Marl is binding, and saddening of land is the great prejudice it doth to clay lands. Mortimer.
(b) To make dull- or sad-colored, as cloth. (c) To make grave or serious; to make melancholy or sorrowful. Her gloomy presence saddens all the scene. Pope.
SADDEN Sad"den, v. i.
Defn: To become, or be made, sad. Tennyson.
SADDER Sad"der, n.
Defn: Same as Sadda.
SADDLE Sad"dle, n. Etym: [OE. sadel, AS. sadol; akin to D. zadel, G. sattel, OHG. satal, satul, Icel. söedhull, Dan. & Sw. sadel; cf. Russ. siedlo; all perh. ultimately from the root of E. sit.]
1. A seat for a rider, -- usually made of leather, padded to span comfortably a horse's back, furnished with stirrups for the rider's feet to rest in, and fastened in place with a girth; also, a seat for the rider on a bicycle or tricycle.
2. A padded part of a harness which is worn on a horse's back, being fastened in place with a girth. It serves various purposes, as to keep the breeching in place, carry guides for the reins, etc.
3. A piece of meat containing a part of the backbone of an animal with the ribs on each side; as, a saddle of mutton, of venison, etc.
4. (Naut.)
Defn: A block of wood, usually fastened to some spar, and shaped to receive the end of another spar.
5. (Mach.)
Defn: A part, as a flange, which is hollowed out to fit upon a convex surface and serve as a means of attachment or support.
6. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The clitellus of an earthworm.
7. (Arch.)
Defn: The threshold of a door, when a separate piece from the floor or landing; -- so called because it spans and covers the joint between two floors. Saddle bar (Arch.), one the small iron bars to which the lead panels of a glazed window are secured. Oxf. Gloss. -- Saddle gall (Far.), a sore or gall upon a horse's back, made by the saddle. -- Saddle girth, a band passing round the body of a horse to hold the saddle in its place. -- saddle horse, a horse suitable or trained for riding with a saddle. -- Saddle joint, in sheet-metal roofing, a joint formed by bending up the edge of a sheet and folding it downward over the turned-up edge of the next sheet. -- Saddle roof (Arch.), a roof having two gables and one ridge; -- said of such a roof when used in places where a different form is more common; as, a tower surmounted by a saddle roof. Called also saddleback roof. -- Saddle shell (Zoöl.), any thin plicated bivalve shaell of the genera Placuna and Anomia; -- so called from its shape. Called also saddle oyster.
SADDLE Sad"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saddled; p. pr. & vb. n. Saddling.] Etym: [AS. sadelian.]
1. To put a saddle upon; to equip (a beast) for riding. "saddle my horse." Shak. Abraham rose up early saddled his ass. Gen. xxii. 3.
2. Hence: To fix as a charge or burden upon; to load; to encumber; as, to saddle a town with the expense of bridges and highways.
SADDLEBACK Sad"dle*back`, a.
Defn: Same as Saddle-backed. Saddleback roof. (Arch.) See Saddle roof, under Saddle.
SADDLEBACK Sad"dle*back`, n.
1. Anything saddle-backed; esp., a hill or ridge having a concave outline at the top.
2. (Zoöl.) (a) The harp seal. (b) The great blackbacked gull (Larus marinus). (c) The larva of a bombycid moth (Empretia stimulea) which has a large, bright green, saddle-shaped patch of color on the back.
SADDLE-BACKED Sad"dle-backed`, a.
1. Having the outline of the upper part concave like the seat of a saddle.
2. Having a low back and high neck, as a horse.
SADDLEBAGS Sad"dle*bags, n. pl.
Defn: Bags, usually of leather, united by straps or a band, formerly much used by horseback riders to carry small articles, one bag hanging on each side.
SADDLEBOW Sad"dle*bow`, n. Etym: [AS. sadelboga.]
Defn: The bow or arch in the front part of a saddle, or the pieces which form the front.
SADDLECLOTH Sad"dle*cloth`, n.
Defn: A cloth under a saddle, and extending out behind; a housing.
SADDLED Sad"dled, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having a broad patch of color across the back, like a saddle; saddle-backed.
SADDLER Sad"dler, n. .
Defn: One who makes saddles.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A harp seal.
SADDLERY Sad"dler*y, n.
1. The materials for making saddles and harnesses; the articles usually offered for sale in a saddler's shop.
2. The trade or employment of a saddler.
SADDLE-SHAPED Sad"dle-shaped`, a.
Defn: Shaped like a saddle. Specifically: (a) (Bot.) Bent down at the sides so as to give the upper part a rounded form. Henslow. (b) (Geol.) Bent on each side of a mountain or ridge, without being broken at top; -- said of strata.
SADDLETREE Sad"dle*tree`, n.
Defn: The frame of a saddle. For saddletree scarce reached had he, His journey to begin. Cowper.
SADDUCAIC Sad`du*ca"ic, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or like, the Sadducees; as, Sadducaic reasonings.
SADDUCEE Sad"du*cee, n. Etym: [L. Sadducaei, p., Gr. Tsaddukim; -- so called from Tsadok, the founder of the sect.]
Defn: One of a sect among the ancient Jews, who denied the resurrection, a future state, and the existence of angels. -- Sad`du*ce"an, a.
SADDUCEEISM; SADDUCISM Sad"du*cee`ism, Sad"du*cism, n.
Defn: The tenets of the Sadducees.
SADDUCIZE Sad"du*cize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sadducized; p. pr. & vb. n. Sadducizing.]
Defn: To adopt the principles of the Sadducees. Atterbury.
SADH Sadh, n. Etym: [Skr. sadhu perfect, pure.]
Defn: A member of a monotheistic sect of Hindoos. Sadhs resemble the Quakers in many respects. Balfour (cyc. of India).
SADIRON Sad"i`ron, n. Etym: [Probably sad heavy + iron.]
Defn: An iron for smoothing clothes; a flatiron.
SADLY Sad"ly, adv.
1. Wearily; heavily; firmly. [Obs.] In go the spears full sadly in arest. Chaucer.
2. Seriously; soberly; gravely. [Obs.] To tell thee sadly, shepherd, without blame Or our neglect, we lost her as we came. Milton.
3. Grievously; deeply; sorrowfully; miserably. "He sadly suffers in their grief." Dryden.
SADNESS Sad"ness, n.
1. Heaviness; firmness. [Obs.]
2. Seriousness; gravity; discretion. [Obs.] Her sadness and her benignity. Chaucer.
3. Quality of being sad, or unhappy; gloominess; sorrowfulness; dejection. Dim sadness did not spare That time celestial visages. Milton.
Syn. -- Sorrow; heaviness; dejection. See Grief.
SADR Sadr, n. (Bot.)
Defn: A plant of the genus Ziziphus (Z. lotus); -- so called by the Arabs of Barbary, who use its berries for food. See Lotus (b).
SAENGERBUND Saeng"er*bund`, n.; G. pl. -bünde (#). [G. sängerbund.] (Music)
Defn: A singers' union; an association of singers or singing clubs, esp. German.
SAENGERFEST Saeng"er*fest, n. Etym: [G. sängerfest.]
Defn: A festival of singers; a German singing festival.
SAFE Safe, a. [Compar. Safer; superl. Safest.] Etym: [OE. sauf, F. sauf, fr. L. salvus, akin to salus health, welfare, safety. Cf. Salute, Salvation, Sage a plant, Save, Salvo an exception.]
1. Free from harm, injury, or risk; untouched or unthreatened by danger or injury; unharmed; unhurt; secure; whole; as, safe from disease; safe from storms; safe from foes. "And ye dwelled safe." 1 Sam. xii. 11. They escaped all safe all safe to land. Acts xxvii. 44. Established in a safe, unenvied throne. Milton.
2. Conferring safety; securing from harm; not exposing to danger; confining securely; to be relied upon; not dangerous; as, a safe harbor; a safe bridge, etc. "The man of safe discretion." Shak. The King of heaven hath doomed This place our dungeon, not our safe retreat. Milton.
3. Incapable of doing harm; no longer dangerous; in secure care or custody; as, the prisoner is safe. But Banquo's safe Ay, my good lord, safe in a ditch he bides. Shak. Safe hit (Baseball), a hit which enables the batter to get to first base even if no error is made by the other side.
Syn. -- Secure; unendangered; sure.
SAFE Safe, n.
Defn: A place for keeping things in safety. Specifically: (a) A strong and fireproof receptacle (as a movable chest of steel, etc., or a closet or vault of brickwork) for money, valuable papers, or the like. (b) A ventilated or refrigerated chest or closet for securing provisions from noxious animals or insects.
SAFE Safe, v. t.
Defn: To render safe; to make right. [Obs.] Shak.
SAFE-CONDUCT Safe"-con"duct, n. Etym: [Safe + conduct: cf. F. sauf-conduit.]
Defn: That which gives a safe, passage; either (a) a convoy or guard to protect a person in an enemy's country or a foreign country, or (b) a writing, pass, or warrant of security, given to a person to enable him to travel with safety. Shak.
SAFE-CONDUCT Safe`-con*duct", v. t.
Defn: To conduct safely; to give safe-conduct to. [POetic] He him by all the bonds of love besought To safe-conduct his love. Spenser.
SAFEGUARD Safe"guard`, n. Etym: [Safe = guard: cf. F. sauvegarde.]
1. One who, or that which, defends or protects; defense; protection. Shak. Thy sword, the safeguard of thy brother's throne. Granwille.
2. A convoy or guard to protect a traveler or property.
3. A pass; a passport; a safe-conduct. Shak.
SAFEGUARD Safe"guard`, v. t.
Defn: To guard; to protect. Shak.
SAFE-KEEPING Safe"-keep"ing, n. Etym: [Safe + keep.]
Defn: The act of keeping or preserving in safety from injury or from escape; care; custody.
SAFELY Safe"ly, adv.
Defn: In a safe manner; danger, injury, loss, or evil consequences.
SAFENESS Safe"ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being safe; freedom from hazard, danger, harm, or loss; safety; security; as the safeness of an experiment, of a journey, or of a possession.
SAFE-PLEDGE Safe"-pledge", n. (Law)
Defn: A surety for the appearance of a person at a given time. Bracton.
SAFETY Safe"ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sauveté.]
1. The condition or state of being safe; freedom from danger or hazard; exemption from hurt, injury, or loss. Up led by thee, Into the heaven I have presumed, An earthly guest . . . With like safety guided down, Return me to my native element. Milton.
2. Freedom from whatever exposes one to danger or from libility to cause danger or harm; safeness; hence, the quality of making safe or secure, or of giving confidence, justifying trust, insuring against harm or loss, etc. Would there were any safety in thy sex, That I might put a thousand sorrows off. Beau. & Fl.
3. Preservation from escape; close custody. Imprison him, . . . Deliver him to safety; and return. Shak.
4. (Football)
Defn: Same as Safety touchdown, below. Safety arch (Arch.), a discharging arch. See under Discharge, v. t. -- Safety belt, a belt made of some buoyant material, or which is capable of being inflated, so as to enable a person to float in water; a life preserver. -- Safety buoy, a buoy to enable a person to float in water; a safety belt. -- Safety cage (Mach.), a cage for an elevator or mine lift, having appliances to prevent it from dropping if the lifting rope should break. -- Safety lamp. (Mining) See under Lamp. -- Safety match, a match which can be ignited only on a surface specially prepared for the purpose. -- Safety pin, a pin made in the form of a clasp, with a guard covering its point so that it will not prick the wearer. -- safety plug. See Fusible plug, under Fusible. -- Safety switch. See Switch. -- Safety touchdown (Football), the act or result of a player's touching to the ground behind his own goal line a ball which received its last impulse from a man on his own side; -- distinguished from touchback. See Touchdown. -- Safety tube (Chem.), a tube to prevent explosion, or to control delivery of gases by an automatic valvular connection with the outer air; especially, a bent funnel tube with bulbs for adding those reagents which produce unpleasant fumes or violent effervescence. -- Safety valve, a valve which is held shut by a spring or weight and opens automatically to permit the escape of steam, or confined gas, water, etc., from a boiler, or other vessel, when the pressure becomes too great for safety; also, sometimes, a similar valve opening inward to admit air to a vessel in which the pressure is less than that of the atmosphere, to prevent collapse.
SAFETY BICYCLE Safety bicycle.
Defn: A bicycle with equal or nearly equal wheels, usually 28 inches diameter, driven by pedals connected to the rear (driving) wheel by a multiplying gear.
SAFETY CHAIN Safety chain. (a) (Railroads) A normally slack chain for preventing excessive movement between a truck and a car body in sluing. (b) An auxiliary watch chain, secured to the clothes, usually out of sight, to prevent stealing of the watch. (c) A chain of sheet metal links with an elongated hole through each broad end, made up by doubling the first link on itself, slipping the next link through and doubling, and so on.
SAFFLOW Saf"flow, n. (Bot.)
Defn: The safflower. [Obs.]
SAFFLOWER Saf"flow`er, n. Etym: [F. safeur, safior, for safran, influenced by fleur flower. See Saffron, and Flower.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: An annual composite plant (Carthamus tinctorius), the flowers of which are used as a dyestuff and in making rouge; bastard, or false, saffron.
2. The died flowers of the Carthamus tinctorius.
3. A dyestuff from these flowers. See Safranin (b). Oil of safflower, a purgative oil expressed from the seeds of the safflower.
SAFFRON Saf"fron, n. Etym: [OE. saffran, F. safran; cf. It. zafferano, Sp. azafran, Pg. açafrao; all fr. Ar. & Per. za' faran.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A bulbous iridaceous plant (Crocus sativus) having blue flowers with large yellow stigmas. See Crocus.
2. The aromatic, pungent, dried stigmas, usually with part of the stile, of the Crocus sativus. Saffron is used in cookery, and in coloring confectionery, liquors, varnishes, etc., and was formerly much used in medicine.
3. An orange or deep yellow color, like that of the stigmas of the Crocus sativus. Bastard saffron, Dyer's saffron. (Bot.) See Safflower. -- Meadow saffron (Bot.), a bulbous plant (Colchichum autumnate) of Europe, resembling saffron. -- Saffron wood (Bot.), the yellowish wood of a South African tree (Elæodendron croceum); also, the tree itself. -- Saffron yellow, a shade of yellow like that obtained from the stigmas of the true saffron (Crocus sativus).
SAFFRON Saf"fron, a.
Defn: Having the color of the stigmas of saffron flowers; deep orange-yellow; as, a saffron face; a saffron streamer.
SAFFRON Saf"fron, v. t.
Defn: To give color and flavor to, as by means of saffron; to spice. [Obs.] And in Latyn I speak a wordes few, To saffron with my predication. Chaucer.
SAFFRONY Saf"fron*y, a.
Defn: Having a color somewhat like saffron; yellowish. Lord (1630).
SAFRANIN Saf"ra*nin, n. (Chem.) (a) An orange-red dyestuff extracted from the saffron. [R.] (b) A red dyestuff extracted from the safflower, and formerly used in dyeing wool, silk, and cotton pink and scarlet; -- called also Spanish red, China lake, and carthamin. (c) An orange-red dyestuff prepared from certain nitro compounds of creosol, and used as a substitute for the safflower dye.
SAFRANINE Saf"ra*nine ( or ), n. Etym: [So called because used as a substitute for safranin.] (Chem.)
Defn: An orange-red nitrogenous dyestuff produced artificailly by oxidizing certain aniline derivatives, and used in dyeing silk and wool; also, any one of the series of which safranine proper is the type.
SAG Sag, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sagged; p. pr. & vb. n. Sagging.] Etym: [Akin to Sw. sacka to settle, sink down, LG.sacken, D. zakken. Cf. Sink, v. i.]
1. To sink, in the middle, by its weight or under applied pressure, below a horizontal line or plane; as, a line or cable supported by its ends sags, though tightly drawn; the floor of a room sags; hence, to lean, give way, or settle from a vertical position; as, a building may sag one way or another; a door sags on its hinges.
2. Fig.: To lose firmness or elasticity; to sink; to droop; to flag; to bend; to yield, as the mind or spirits, under the pressure of care, trouble, doubt, or the like; to be unsettled or unbalanced. [R.] the mind I sway by, and the heart I bear, Shall never sag with doubt nor shake with fear. Shak.
3. To loiter in walking; to idle along; to drag or droop heavily. To sag to leeward (Naut.), to make much leeway by reason of the wind, sea, or current; to drift to leeward; -- said of a vessel. Totten.
SAG Sag, v. t.
Defn: To cause to bend or give way; to load.
SAG Sag, n.
Defn: State of sinking or bending; sagging.
SAGA Sa"ga, n.; pl. Sagas. Etym: [Icel., akin to E. saw a saying. See Say, and cf. Saw.]
Defn: A Scandinavian legend, or heroic or mythic tradition, among the Norsemen and kindred people; a northern European popular historical or religious tale of olden time. And then the blue-eyed Norseman told A saga of the days of old. Longfellow.
SAGACIOUS Sa*ga"cious, a. Etym: [L. sagax, sagacis, akin to sagire to perceive quickly or keenly, and probably to E. seek. See Seek, and cf. Presage.]
1. Of quick sense perceptions; keen-scented; skilled in following a trail. Sagacious of his quarry from so far. Milton.
2. Hence, of quick intellectual perceptions; of keen penetration and judgment; discerning and judicious; knowing; far-sighted; shrewd; sage; wise; as, a sagacious man; a sagacious remark. Instinct . . . makes them, many times, sagacious above our apprehension. Dr. H. More. Only sagacious heads light on these observations, and reduce them into general propositions. Locke.
Syn. -- See Shrewd. -- Sa*ga"cious*ly, adv. -- Sa-ga"cious*ness, n.
SAGACITY Sa*gac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. sagacitas. See Sagacious.]
Defn: The quality of being sagacious; quickness or acuteness of sense perceptions; keenness of discernment or penetration with soundness of judgment; shrewdness. Some [brutes] show that nice sagacity of smell. Cowper. Natural sagacity improved by generous education. V. Knox.
Syn. -- Penetration; shrewdness; judiciousness. -- Sagacity, Penetration. Penetration enables us to enter into the depths of an abstruse subject, to detect motives, plans, etc. Sagacity adds to penetration a keen, practical judgment, which enables one to guard against the designs of others, and to turn everything to the best possible advantage.
SAGAMORE Sag"a*more, n.
1. Etym: [Cf. Sachem.]
Defn: The head of a tribe among the American Indians; a chief; -- generally used as synonymous with sachem, but some writters distinguished between them, making the sachem a chief of the first rank, and a sagamore one of the second rank. "Be it sagamore, sachem, or powwow." Longfellow.
2. A juice used in medicine. [Obs.] Johnson.
SAGAPEN Sag"a*pen, n.
Defn: Sagapenum.
SAGAPENUM Sag`a*pe"num, n. Etym: [L. sagapenon, sacopenium, Gr. sagapin, gomme sagapin, sagapénum, Ar. sikbinaj, Per. sakbinah, sikbinah.] (Med.)
Defn: A fetid gum resin obtained from a species of Ferula. It has been used in hysteria, etc., but is now seldom met with. U. S. Disp.
SAGATHY Sag"a*thy, n. Etym: [F. sagatis: cf. Sp. sagatí, saetí.]
Defn: A mixed woven fabric of silk and cotton; or silk and wool; sayette; also, a light woolen fabric.
SAGE Sage, n. Etym: [OE. sauge, F. sauge, L. salvia, from salvus saved, in allusion to its reputed healing virtues. See Safe.] (Bot.) (a) A suffriticose labiate plant (Salvia officinalis) with grayish green foliage, much used in flavoring meats, etc. The name is often extended to the whole genus, of which many species are cultivated for ornament, as the scarlet sage, and Mexican red and blue sage. (b) The sagebrush. Meadow sage (Bot.), a blue-flowered species of salvia (S. pratensis) growing in meadows in Europe. -- Sage cheese, cheese flavored with sage, and colored green by the juice of leaves of spanish and other plants which are added to the milk. -- Sage cock (Zoöl.), the male of the sage grouse; in a more general sense, the specific name of the sage grouse. -- Sage green, of a dull grayish green color, like the leaves of garden sage. -- Sage grouse (Zoöl.), a very large American grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), native of the dry sagebrush plains of Western North America. Called also cock of the plains. The male is called sage cock, and the female sage hen. -- Sage hare, or Sage rabbit (Zoöl.), a species of hare (Lepus Nuttalli, or artemisia) which inhabits the regions of Western North America and lives among sagebrush. By recent writers it is considered to be merely a variety of the common cottontail, or wood rabbit. -- Sage hen (Zoöl.), the female of the sage grouse. Sage sparrow (Zoöl.), a small sparrow (Amphispiza Belli, var Nevadensis) which inhabits the dry plains of the Rocky Mountain region, living among sagebrush. -- Sage thrasher (Zoöl.), a singing bird (Oroscoptes montanus) which inhabits the sagebrush plains of Western North America. -- Sage willow (Bot.), a species of willow (Salix tristis) forming a low bush with nearly sessile grayish green leaves.
SAGE Sage, a. [Compar. Sager; superl. Sagest.] Etym: [F., fr. L. sapius (only in nesapius unwise, foolish), fr. sapere to be wise; perhaps akin to E. sap. Cf. Savor, Sapient, Insipid.]
1. Having nice discernment and powers of judging; prudent; grave; sagacious. All you sage counselors, hence! Shak.
2. Proceeding from wisdom; well judged; shrewd; well adapted to the purpose. Commanders, who, cloaking their fear under show of sage advice, counseled the general to retreat. Milton.
3. Grave; serious; solemn. [R.] "[Great bards.] in sage and solemn tunes have sung." Milton.
Syn. -- Wise; sagacious; sapient; grave; prudent; judicious.
SAGE Sage, n.
Defn: A wise man; a man of gravity and wisdom; especially, a man venerable for years, and of sound judgment and prudence; a grave philosopher. At his birth a star, Unseen before in heaven, proclaims him come, And guides the Eastern sages. Milton.
SAGEBRUSH Sage"brush`, n.
Defn: A low irregular shrub (Artemisia tridentata), of the order Compositæ, covering vast tracts of the dry alkaline regions of the American plains; -- called also sagebush, and wild sage.
SAGEBRUSH STATE Sagebrush State.
Defn: Nevada; -- a nickname.
SAGELY Sage"ly, adv.
Defn: In a sage manner; wisely.
SAGENE Sa*gene", n. Etym: [Russ. sajene.]
Defn: A Russian measure of length equal to about seven English feet.
SAGENESS Sage"ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being sage; wisdom; sagacity; prudence; gravity. Ascham.
SAGENITE Sag"e*nite, n. Etym: [F. sagénite, fr. L. sagena a large net. See Saine.] (Min.)
Defn: Acicular rutile occurring in reticulated forms imbedded in quartz.
SAGENITIC Sag`e*nit"ic, a. (Min.)
Defn: Resembling sagenite; -- applied to quartz when containing acicular crystals of other minerals, most commonly rutile, also tourmaline, actinolite, and the like.
SAGGER Sag"ger, n. Etym: [See Segger.]
1. A pot or case of fire clay, in which fine stoneware is inclosed while baking in the kiln; a segga.
2. The clay of which such pots or cases are made.
SAGGING Sag"ging, n.
Defn: A bending or sinking between the ends of a thing, in consequence of its own, or an imposed, weight; an arching downward in the middle, as of a ship after straining. Cf. Hogging.
SAGINATE Sag"i*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. saginatus, p.p. of saginare to fat, fr. sagina stuffing.]
Defn: To make fat; to pamper. [R.] "Many a saginated boar." Cowper.
SAGINATION Sag`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. saginatio.]
Defn: The act of fettening or pampering. [R.] Topsell.
SAGITTA Sa*git"ta, n. Etym: [L., an arrow.]
1. (Astron.)
Defn: A small constellation north of Aquila; the Arrow.
2. (Arch.)
Defn: The keystone of an arch. [R.] gwitt.
3. (Geom.)
Defn: The distance from a point in a curve to the chord; also, the versed sine of an arc; -- so called from its resemblance to an arrow resting on the bow and string. [Obs.]
4. (Anat.)
Defn: The larger of the two otoliths, or ear bones, found in most fishes.
5. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of transparent, free-swimming marine worms having lateral and caudal fins, and capable of swimming rapidly. It is the type of the class Chætognatha.
SAGITTAL Sag"it*tal, a. Etym: [L. sagitta an arrow: cf. F. saguttal.]
1. Of or pertaining to an arrow; resembling an arrow; furnished with an arowlike appendage.
2. (Anat.) (a) Of or pertaining to the sagittal suture; in the region of the sagittal suture; rabdoidal; as, the sagittal furrow, or groove, on the inner surface of the roof of the skull. (b) In the mesial plane; as, a sagittal section of an animal. Sagittal suture (Anat.), the suture between the two parietal bones in the top of the skull; -- called also rabdoidal suture, and interparietal suture.
SAGITTARIUS Sag`it*ta"ri*us, n. Etym: [L., literally, an archer, fr. sagittarius belonging to an arrow, fr. sagitta an arrow.] (Astron.) (a) The ninth of the twelve signs of the zodiac, which the sun enters about November 22, marked thus [&sagittarius;] in almanacs; the Archer. (b) A zodiacal constellation, represented on maps and globes as a centaur shooting an arrow.
SAGITTARY Sag"it*ta"ry, n. Etym: [See Sagittarius.]
1. (Myth.)
Defn: A centaur; a fabulous being, half man, half horse, armed with a bow and quiver. Shak.
2. The Arsenal in Venice; -- so called from having a figure of an archer over the door. Shak.
SAGITTARY Sag"it*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. sagittarius.]
Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, an arrow. Sir T. Browne.
SAGITTATE Sag"it*tate, a. Etym: [NL. sagittatus, fr. L. sagitta an arrow.]
Defn: Shaped like an arrowhead; triangular, with the two basal angles prolonged downward.
SAGITTATED Sag"it*ta`ted, a.
Defn: Sagittal; sagittate.
SAGITTOCYST Sag"it*to*cyst, n. Etym: [See Sagitta, and Cyst.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A defensive cell containing a minute rodlike structure which may be expelled. Such cells are found in certain Turbellaria.
SAGO Sa"go, n. Etym: [Malay. sagu.]
Defn: A dry granulated starch imported from the East Indies, much used for making puddings and as an article of diet for the sick; also, as starch, for stiffening textile fabrics. It is prepared from the stems of several East Indian and Malayan palm trees, but chiefly from the Metroxylon Sagu; also from several cycadaceous plants (Cycas revoluta, Zamia integrifolia, atc.). Portland sago, a kind of sago prepared from the corms of the cuckoopint (Arum maculatum). -- Sago palm. (Bot.) (a) A palm tree which yields sago. (b) A species of Cycas (Cycas revoluta). -- Sago spleen (Med.), a morbid condition of the spleen, produced by amyloid degeneration of the organ, in which a cross section shows scattered gray translucent bodies looking like grains of sago.
SAGOIN Sa*goin", n. Etym: [F. sagouin(formed from the native South American name).] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A marmoset; -- called also sagouin.
SAGUM Sa"gum, n.; pl. Saga. Etym: [L. sagum, sagus; cf. Gr. Say a kind of serge.] (Rom. Antiq.)
Defn: The military cloak of the Roman soldiers.
SAGUS sa"gus, n. Etym: [NL. See Sago.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of palms from which sago is obtained.
SAGY Sa"gy, a.
Defn: Full of sage; seasoned with sage.
SAHIB; SAHEB Sa"hib, sa"heb, n. Etym: [Ar. çahib master, lord, fem. çahibah.]
Defn: A respectful title or appelation given to Europeans of rank. [India]
SAHIBAH Sa"hi*bah, n. Etym: [See Sahib.]
Defn: A lady; mistress. [India]
SAHIDIC Sa*hid"ic, a.
Defn: Same as Thebaic.
SAHLITE Sah"lite, n. (Min.)
Defn: See Salite.
SAHUI Sa*hui", n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A marmoset.
SAI Sa"i, n. Etym: [Cf. Pg. sahi.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Capuchin, 3 (a).
SAIBLING Sai"bling, n. Etym: [Dial. G.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A European mountain trout (Salvelinus alpinus); -- called also Bavarian charr.
SAIC Sa"ic, n. Etym: [F. saïque, turk. shaïka.] (Naut.)
Defn: A kind of ketch very common in the Levant, which has neither topgallant sail nor mizzen topsail.
SAID Said,
Defn: imp. & p. p. of Say.
SAID Said, a.
Defn: before-mentioned; already spoken of or specified; aforesaid; -- used chiefly in legal style.
SAIGA Sai"ga, n. Etym: [Russ. saika.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: An antelope (Saiga Tartarica) native of the plains of Siberia and Eastern Russia. The male has erect annulated horns, and tufts of long hair beneath the eyes and ears.
SAIKYR Sai"kyr, n. (Mil.)
Defn: Same as Saker. [Obs.]
SAIL Sail, n. Etym: [OE. seil, AS. segel, segl; akin to D. zeil, OHG. segal, G. & Sw. segel, Icel. segl, Dan. seil. sq. root 153.]
1. An extent of canvas or other fabric by means of which the wind is made serviceable as a power for propelling vessels through the water. Behoves him now both sail and oar. Milton.
2. Anything resembling a sail, or regarded as a sail.
3. A wing; a van. [Poetic] Like an eagle soaring To weather his broad sails. Spenser .
4. the extended surface of the arm of a windmill.
5. A sailing vessel; a vessel of any kind; a craft.
Note: In this sense, the plural has usually the same forms as the singular; as, twenty sail were in sight.
6. A passage by a sailing vessel; a journey or excursion upon the water.
Note: Sails are of two general kinds, fore-and-aft sails, and square sails. Square sails are always bent to yards, with their foot lying across the line of the vessel. Fore-and-aft sails are set upon stays or gaffs with their foot in line with the keel. A fore-and-aft sail is triangular, or quadrilateral with the after leech longer than the fore leech. Square sails are quardrilateral, but not necessarily square. See Phrases under Fore, a., and Square, a.; also, Bark, Brig, Schooner, Ship, Stay. Sail burton (Naut.), a purchase for hoisting sails aloft for bending. -- Sail fluke (Zoöl.), the whiff. -- Sail hook, a small hook used in making sails, to hold the seams square. -- Sail loft, a loft or room where sails are cut out and made. -- Sail room (Naut.), a room in a vessel where sails are stowed when not in use. -- Sail yard (Naut.), the yard or spar on which a sail is extended. -- Shoulder-of-mutton sail (Naut.), a triangular sail of peculiar form. It is chiefly used to set on a boat's mast. -- To crowd sail. (Naut.) See under Crowd. -- To loose sails (Naut.), to unfurl or spread sails. -- To make sail (Naut.), to extend an additional quantity of sail. -- To set a sail (Naut.), to extend or spread a sail to the wind. -- To set sail (Naut.), to unfurl or spread the sails; hence, to begin a voyage. -- To shorten sail (Naut.), to reduce the extent of sail, or take in a part. -- To strike sail (Naut.), to lower the sails suddenly, as in saluting, or in sudden gusts of wind; hence, to acknowledge inferiority; to abate pretension. -- Under sail, having the sails spread.
SAIL Sail, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sailed; p. pr. & vb. n. Sailing.] Etym: [AS. segelian, seglian. See Sail, n.]
1. To be impelled or driven forward by the action of wind upon sails, as a ship on water; to be impelled on a body of water by the action of steam or other power.
2. To move through or on the water; to swim, as a fish or a water fowl.
3. To be conveyed in a vessel on water; to pass by water; as, they sailed from London to Canton.
4. To set sail; to begin a voyage.
5. To move smoothly through the air; to glide through the air without apparent exertion, as a bird. As is a winged messenger of heaven, . . . When he bestrides the lazy pacing clouds, And sails upon the bosom of the air. Shak.
SAIL Sail, v. t.
1. To pass or move upon, as in a ship, by means of sails; hence, to move or journey upon(the water) by means of steam or other force. A thousand ships were manned to sail the sea. Dryden.
2. To fly through; to glide or move smoothly through. Sublime she sails The aërial space, and mounts the winged gales. Pope.
3. To direct or manage the motion of, as a vessel; as, to sail one's own ship. Totten.
SAILABLE Sail"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being sailed over; navigable; as, a sailable river.
SAILBOAT Sail"boat`, n.
Defn: A boat propelled by a sail or sails.
SAILCLOTH Sail"cloth`, n.
Defn: Duck or canvas used in making sails.
SAILER Sail"er, n.
1. A sailor. [R.] Sir P. Sidney.
2. A ship or other vessel; -- with qualifying words descriptive of speed or manner of sailing; as, a heavy sailer; a fast sailer.
SAILFISH Sail"fish, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The banner fish, or spikefish (Histiophorus.) (b) The basking, or liver, shark. (c) The quillback.
SAILING Sail"ing, n.
1. The act of one who, or that which, sails; the motion of a vessel on water, impelled by wind or steam; the act of starting on a voyage.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: The art of managing a vessel; seamanship; navigation; as, globular sailing; oblique sailing.
Note: For the several methods of sailing, see under Circular, Globular, Oblique, Parallel, etc. Sailing master (U. S. Navy), formerly, a warrant officer, ranking next below a lieutenant, whose duties were to navigate the vessel; and under the direction of the executive officer, to attend to the stowage of the hold, to the cables, rigging, etc. The grade was merged in that of master in 1862.
SAILLESS Sail"less, a.
Defn: Destitute of sails. Pollok.
SAILMAKER Sail"mak`er, n.
Defn: One whose occupation is to make or repair sails. -- Sail"mak`ing, n.
SAILOR Sail"or, n.
Defn: One who follows the business of navigating ships or other vessels; one who understands the practical management of ships; one of the crew of a vessel; a mariner; a common seaman.
Syn. -- Mariner; seaman; seafarer. Sailor's choice. (Zoöl.) (a) An excellent marine food fish (Diplodus, or Lagodon, rhomboides) of the Southern United States; -- called also porgy, squirrel fish, yellowtail, and salt-water bream. (b) A species of grunt (Orthopristis, or Pomadasys, chrysopterus), an excellent food fish, common on the southern coasts of the United States; -- called also hogfish, and pigfish.
SAILY Sail"y, a.
Defn: Like a sail. [R.] Drayton.
SAIM Saim, n. Etym: [OF. sain, LL. saginum, fr. L. sagina a fattening.]
Defn: Lard; grease. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
SAIMIR Sai*mir", n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The squirrel monkey.
SAIN Sain, obs. p. p. of Say, for sayen.
Defn: Said. Shak.
SAIN Sain, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Saint, Sane.]
Defn: To sanctify; to bless so as to protect from evil influence. [R.] Sir W. Scott.
SAINFOIN Sain"foin, n. Etym: [F., fr. sain wholesome (L. sanus; see Sane.) + foin hay (L. fænum); or perh. fr. saint sacred (L. sanctus; see Saint) + foin hay.] (Bot.) (a) A leguminous plant (Onobrychis sativa) cultivated for fodder. [Written also saintfoin.] (b) A kind of tick trefoil (Desmodium Canadense). [Canada]
SAINT Saint, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. santcus sacred, properly p.p. of sancire to render sacred by a religious act, to appoint as sacred; akin to sacer sacred. Cf. Sacred, Sanctity, Sanctum, Sanctus.]
1. A person sanctified; a holy or godly person; one eminent for piety and virtue; any true Christian, as being redeemed and consecrated to God. Them that are sanctified in Christ Jesus, called to be saints. 1 Cor. i. 2.
2. One of the blessed in heaven. Then shall thy saints, unmixed, and from the impure Far separate, circling thy holy mount, Unfeigned hallelujahs to thee sing. Milton.
3. (Eccl.)
Defn: One canonized by the church. [Abbrev. St.] Saint Andrew's cross (a) A cross shaped like the letter X. See Illust. 4, under Cross. (b) (Bot.) A low North American shrub (Ascyrum Crux-Andræ, the petals of which have the form of a Saint Andrew's cross. Gray. -- Saint Anthony's cross, a T-shaped cross. See Illust. 6, under Cross. -- Saint Anthony's fire, the erysipelas; -- popularly so called because it was supposed to have been cured by the intercession of Saint Anthony. -- Saint Anthony's nut (Bot.), the groundnut (Bunium flexuosum); -- so called because swine feed on it, and St. Anthony was once a swineherd. Dr. Prior. -- Saint Anthony's turnip (Bot.), the bulbous crowfoot, a favorite food of swine. Dr. Prior. -- Saint Barnaby's thistle (Bot.), a kind of knapeweed (Centaurea solstitialis) flowering on St. Barnabas's Day, June 11th. Dr. Prior. -- Saint Bernard (Zoöl.), a breed of large, handsome dogs celebrated for strength and sagacity, formerly bred chiefly at the Hospice of St. Bernard in Switzerland, but now common in Europe and America. There are two races, the smooth-haired and the rough-haired. See Illust. under Dog. -- Saint Catharine's flower (Bot.), the plant love-a-mist. See under Love. -- Saint Cuthbert's beads (Paleon.), the fossil joints of crinoid stems. -- Saint Dabeoc's heath (Bot.), a heatherlike plant (Dabæcia polifolia), named from an Irish saint. -- Saint Distaff's Day. See under Distaff. -- Saint Elmo's fire, a luminious, flamelike appearance, sometimes seen in dark, tempestuous nights, at some prominent point on a ship, particularly at the masthead and the yardams. It has also been observed on land, and is due to the discharge of electricity from elevated or pointed objects. A single flame is called a Helena, or a Corposant; a double, or twin, flame is called a Castor and Pollux, or a double Corposant. It takes its name from St. Elmo, the patron saint of sailors. -- Saint George's cross (Her.), a Greek cross gules upon a field argent, the field being represented by a narrow fimbriation in the ensign, or union jack, of Great Britain. -- Saint George's ensign, a red cross on a white field with a union jack in the upper corner next the mast. It is the distinguishing badge of ships of the royal navy of England; -- called also the white ensign. Brande & C. -- Saint George's flag, a smaller flag resembling the ensign, but without the union jack; used as the sign of the presence and command of an admiral. [Eng.] Brande & C. -- Saint Gobain glass (Chem.), a fine variety of soda-lime plate glass, so called from St.Gobain in France, where it was manufactured. -- Saint Ignatius's bean (Bot.), the seed of a tree of the Philippines (Strychnos Ignatia), of properties similar to the nux vomica. -- Saint Jame's shell (Zoöl.), a pecten (Vola Jacobæus) worn by piligrims to the Holy Land. See Illust. under Scallop. -- Saint Jame's wort (Bot.), a kind of ragwort (Senecio Jacobæa). -- Saint John's bread. (Bot.) See Carob. -- Saint John's-wort (Bot.), any plant of the genus Hypericum, most species of which have yellow flowers; -- called also John's-wort. -- Saint Leger, the name of a race for three-year-old horses run annually in September at Doncaster, England; -- instituted in 1776 by Col. St. Leger. -- Saint Martin's herb (Bot.), a small tropical American violaceous plant (Sauvagesia erecta). It is very mucilaginous and is used in medicine.
-- Saint Martin's summer, a season of mild, damp weather frequently prevailing during late autumn in England and the Mediterranean countries; -- so called from St. Martin's Festival, occuring on November 11. It corresponds to the Indian summer in America. Shak. Whitier. -- Saint Patrick's cross. See Illust 4, under Cross. -- Saint Patrick's Day, the 17th of March, anniversary of the death (about 466) of St. Patrick, the apostle and patron saint of Ireland. -- Saint Peter's fish. (Zoöl.) See John Dory, under John. -- Saint Peter's-wort (Bot.), a name of several plants, as Hypericum Ascyron, H. quadrangulum, Ascyrum stans, etc. -- Saint Peter's wreath (Bot.), a shrubby kind of Spiræa (S. hypericifolia), having long slender branches covered with clusters of small white blossoms in spring. -- Saint's bell. See Sanctus bell, under Sanctus. -- Saint Vitus's dance (Med.), chorea; -- so called from the supposed cures wrought on intercession to this saint.
SAINT Saint, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sainted; p. pr. & vb. n. Sainting.]
Defn: To make a saint of; to enroll among the saints by an offical act, as of the pope; to canonize; to give the title or reputation of a saint to (some one). A large hospital, erected by a shoemaker who has been beatified, though never sainted. Addison. To saint it, to act as a saint, or with a show of piety. Whether the charmer sinner it or saint it. Shak.
SAINT Saint, v. i.
Defn: To act or live as a saint. [R.] Shak.
SAINTDOM Saint"dom, n.
Defn: The state or character of a saint. [R.] Tennyson.
SAINTED Saint"ed, a.
1. Consecrated; sacred; holy; pious. "A most sainted king." Shak. Amongst the enthroned gods on sainted seats. Milton.
2. Entered into heaven; -- a euphemism for dead.
SAINTESS Saint"ess, n.
Defn: A female saint. [R.] Bp. Fisher.
SAINTHOOD Saint"hood, n.
1. The state of being a saint; the condition of a saint. Walpole.
2. The order, or united body, of saints; saints, considered collectively. It was supposed he felt no call to anu expedition that might sainthood. Sir W. Scott.
SAINTISH Saint"ish, a.
Defn: Somewhat saintlike; -- used ironically.
SAINTISM Saint"ism, n.
Defn: The character or quality of saints; also, hypocritical pretense of holiness. Wood.
SAINTLIKE Saint"like`, a.
Defn: Resembling a saint; suiting a saint; becoming a saint; saintly. Glossed over only with a saintlike show. Dryden.
SAINTLINESS Saint"li*ness, n.
Defn: Quality of being saintly.
SAINTLY Saint"ly, a. [Compar. Saintlier; superl. Saintliest.]
Defn: Like a saint; becoming a holy person. So dear to Heaven is saintly chastity. Milton.
SAINTOLOGIST Saint*ol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Saint + -logy + -ist.] (Theol.)
Defn: One who writes the lives of saints. [R.]
SAINTSHIP Saint"ship, n.
Defn: The character or qualities of a saint.
SAINT-SIMONIAN Saint`-Si*mo"ni*an, n.
Defn: A follower of the Count de St. Simon, who died in 1825, and who maintained that the principle of property held in common, and the just division of the fruits of common labor among the members of society, are the true remedy for the social evils which exist. Brande & C.
SAINT-SIMONIANISM Saint`-Si*mo"ni*an*ism, n.
Defn: The principles, doctrines, or practice of the Saint-Simonians; -- called also Saint-Simonism.
SAINT-SIMONISM Saint-Si"mon*ism, n.
Defn: A system of socialism in which the state owns all the property and the laborer is entitled to share according to the quality and amount of his work, founded by Saint Simon (1760-1825).
SAITH Saith,
Defn: 3d pers. sing. pres. of Say. [Archaic]
SAITHE Saithe, n. Etym: [Gael. saoidheam.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The pollock, or coalfish; -- called also sillock. [Scot.]
SAIVA Sai"va ( or ), n. Etym: [Skr. çaiva devoted to Siva.]
Defn: One of an important religious sect in India which regards Siva with peculiar veneration.
SAIVISM Sai"vism, n.
Defn: The worship of Siva.
SAJENE Sa*jene", n.
Defn: Same as Sagene.
SAJOU Sa"jou (; F. , n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Same as Sapajou.
SAKE Sake, n. Etym: [OE. sake cause, also, lawsuit, fault, AS. sacu strife, a cause or suit at law; akin to D. zaak cause, thing, affair, G. sache thing, cause in law, OHG. sahha, Icel. sök, Sw. sak, Dan. sag, Goth. sakj strife, AS. sacan to contend, strive, Goth. sakan, Icel. saka to contend, strive, blame, OHG. sahhan, MHG. sachen, to contend, strive, defend one's right, accuse, charge in a lawsuit, and also to E. seek. Cf. Seek.]
Defn: Final cause; end; purpose of obtaining; cause; motive; reason; interest; concern; account; regard or respect; -- used chiefly in such phrases as, for the sake, for his sake, for man's sake, for mercy's sake, and the like; as, to commit crime for the sake of gain; to go abroad for the sake of one's health. Moved with wrath and shame and ladies; sake. Spenser. I will not again curse the ground any more for man's sake. Gen. viii. 21. Will he draw out, For anger's sake, finite to infinite Milton. Knowledge is for the sake of man, and not man for the sake of knowledge. Sir W. Hamilton.
Note: The -s of the possessive case preceding sake is sometimes omitted for euphony; as, for goodness sake. "For conscience sake." 1 Cor. x. 28. The plural sakes is often used with a possessive plural. "For both our sakes." Shak.
SAKER Sa"ker, n. Etym: [F. sacre (cf. It. sagro, Sp. & Pg. sacre), either fr. L. sacer sacred, holy, as a translation of Gr. hawk.] [Written also sacar, sacre.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A falcon (Falco sacer) native of Southern Europe and Asia, closely resembling the lanner.
Note: The female is called chargh, and the male charghela, or sakeret. (b) The peregrine falcon. [Prov. Eng.]
2. (Mil.)
Defn: A small piece of artillery. Wilhelm. On the bastions were planted culverins and sakers. Macaulay. The culverins and sakers showing their deadly muzzles over the rampart. Hawthorne.
SAKERET Sa"ker*et, n. Etym: [F. sacret. See Saker.] (Zo\'94l.)
Defn: The male of the saker (a).
SAKI Sa"ki, n. Etym: [Cf. F. & Pg. saki; probably from the native name.] (Zo\'94l.)
Defn: Any one of several species of South American monkeys of the genus Pithecia. They have large ears, and a long hairy tail which is not prehensile.
Note: The black saki (Pithecia satanas), the white-headed (P.leucocephala), and the red-backed, or hand-drinking, saki (P.chiropotes), are among the best-known.
SAKI Sa"ki, n.
Defn: The alcoholic drink of Japan. It is made from rice.sake
SAKIEH; SAKIYEH Sak"i*eh, Sak"i*yeh, n. [Ar. saqiah canal, trench.]
Defn: A kind of water wheel used in Egypt for raising water, from wells or pits, in buckets attached to its periphery or to an endless rope.
SAKTI Sak"ti, n. Etym: [Skr.] (Hind. Myth.)
Defn: The divine energy, personified as the wife of a deity (Brahma, Vishnu, Siva, etc.); the female principle.
SAL Sal (sall), n. Etym: [Hind. s\'bel, Skr. ç\'bela.] (Bot.)
Defn: An East Indian timber tree (Shorea robusta), much used for building purposes. It is of a light brown color, close-grained, and durable. [Written also saul.]
SAL Sal (sâl), n. Etym: [L. See Salt.] (Chem. & Pharm.)
Defn: Salt. Sal absinthii Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), an impure potassium carbonate obtained from the ashes of wormwood (Artemisia Absinthium). -- Sal acetosell\'91 Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), salt of sorrel. -- Sal alembroth. (Old Chem.) See Alembroth. -- Sal ammoniac (Chem.), ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, a white crystalline volatile substance having a sharp salty taste, obtained from gas works, from nitrogenous matter, etc. It is largely employed as a source of ammonia, as a reagent, and as an expectorant in bronchitis. So called because originally made from the soot from camel's dung at the temple of Jupiter Ammon in Africa. Called also muriate of ammonia. -- Sal catharticus Etym: [NL.] (Old Med. Chem.), Epsom salts. -- Sal culinarius Etym: [L.] (Old Chem.), common salt, or sodium chloride. -- Sal Cyrenaicus. Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.) See Sal ammoniac above. -- Sal de duobus, Sal duplicatum Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), potassium sulphate; -- so called because erroneously supposed to be composed of two salts, one acid and one alkaline. -- Sal diureticus Etym: [NL.] (Old Med. Chem.), potassium acetate. -- Sal enixum Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), acid potassium sulphate. -- Sal gemm\'91 Etym: [NL.] (Old Min.), common salt occuring native. -- Sal Jovis Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), salt tin, or stannic chloride; -- the alchemical name of tin being Jove. -- Sal Martis Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), green vitriol, or ferrous sulphate; -- the alchemical name of iron being. Mars. -- Sal microcosmicum Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.) See Microcosmic salt, under Microcosmic. -- Sal plumbi Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), sugar of lead. -- Sal prunella. (Old Chem.) See Prunella salt, under 1st Prunella. -- Sal Saturni Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), sugar of lead, or lead acetate; -- the alchemical name of lead being Saturn. -- Sal sedativus Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), sedative salt, or boric acid. -- Sal Seignette Etym: [F. seignette, sel de seignette] (Chem.), Rochelle salt. -- Sal soda (Chem.), sodium carbonate. See under Sodium. -- Sal vitrioli Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), white vitriol; zinc sulphate. -- Sal volatile. Etym: [NL.] (a) (Chem.) See Sal ammoniac, above. (b) Spirits of ammonia.
SALAAM Sa*laam", n.
Defn: Same as Salam. Finally, Josiah might have made his salaam to the exciseman just as he was folding up that letter. Prof. Wilson.
SALAAM Sa*laam", v. i.
Defn: To make or perform a salam. I have salaamed and kowtowed to him. H. James.
SALABILITY Sal`a*bil"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality or condition of being salable; salableness. Duke of Argyll.
SALABLE Sal"a*ble, a. Etym: [From Sale.]
Defn: Capable of being sold; fit to be sold; finding a ready market. -- Sal"a*ble*ness, n. -- Sal"a*bly, adv.
SALACIOUS Sa*la"cious, n. Etym: [L. salax, -acis, fond of leaping, lustful, fr. salire to leap. See Salient.]
Defn: Having a propensity to venery; lustful; lecherous. Dryden. -- Sa*la"cious*ly, dv. -- Sa*la"cious*ness, n.
SALACITY Sa*lac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. salacitas: cf. F. salacité]
Defn: Strong propensity to venery; lust; lecherousness.
SALAD Sal"ad, n. Etym: [F. salade, OIt. salata, It. insalata, fr. salare to salt, fr. L. sal salt. See Salt, and cf. Slaw.]
1. A preparation of vegetables, as lettuce, celery, water cress, onions, etc., usually dressed with salt, vinegar, oil, and spice, and eaten for giving a relish to other food; as, lettuce salad; tomato salad, etc. Leaves eaten raw termed salad. I. Watts.
2. A dish composed of chopped meat or fish, esp. chicken or lobster, mixed with lettuce or other vegetables, and seasoned with oil, vinegar, mustard, and other condiments; as, chicken salad; lobster salad. Salad burnet (Bot.), the common burnet (Poterium Sanguisorba), sometimes eaten as a salad in Italy.
SALADE Sal"ade, n.
Defn: A helmet. See Sallet.
SALADING Sal"ad*ing, n.
Defn: Vegetable for salad.
SALAERATUS Sal`æ*ra"tus, n.
Defn: See Saleratus.
SALAGANE Sal"a*gane, n. Etym: [From the Chinese name.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The esculent swallow. See under Esculent.
SALAL-BERRY Sal"al-ber`ry, n. Etym: [Probably of American Indian origin.] (Bot.)
Defn: The edible fruit of the Gaultheria Shallon, an ericaceous shrub found from California northwards. The berries are about the size of a common grape and of a dark purple color.
SALAM Sa*lam (sa*läm"), n. Etym: [Ar. salam peace, safety.]
Defn: A salutation or compliment of ceremony in the east by word or act; an obeisance, performed by bowing very low and placing the right palm on the forehead. [Written also salaam.]
SALAMANDER Sal"a*man`der, n. Etym: [F. salamandre, L. salamandra, Gr. samander, samandel.]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of Urodela, belonging to Salamandra, Amblystoma, Plethodon, and various allied genera, especially those that are more or less terrestrial in their habits.
Note: The salamanders have, like lizards, an elongated body, four feet, and a long tail, but are destitute of scales. They are true Amphibia, related to the frogs. Formerly, it was a superstition that the salamander could live in fire without harm, and even extinguish it by the natural coldness of its body. I have maintained that salamander of yours with fire any time this two and thirty years. Shak. Whereas it is commonly said that a salamander extinguisheth fire, we have found by experience that on hot coals, it dieth immediately. Sir T. Browne.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The pouched gopher (Geomys tuza) of the Southern United States.
3. A culinary utensil of metal with a plate or disk which is heated, and held over pastry, etc., to brown it.
4. A large poker. [prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
5. (Metal.)
Defn: Solidofied material in a furnace hearth. Giant salamander. (Zoöl.) See under Giant. -- Salamander's hair or wool (Min.), a species of asbestus or mineral flax. [Obs.] Bacon.
SALAMANDRINA Sal`a*man*dri"na, n.; pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A suborder of Urodela, comprising salamanders.
SALAMANDRINE Sal`a*man"drine, a.
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a salamander; enduring fire. Addison.
SALAMANDROID Sal`a*man"droid, a Etym: [Salamander + -oid.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Like or pertaining to the salamanders.
SALAMANDROIDEA sal`a*man*droi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A division of Amphibia including the Salamanders and allied groups; the Urodela.
SALAMSTONE Sal"am*stone` ( or ), n. (Min.)
Defn: A kind of blue sapphire brought from Ceylon. Dana.
SALANGANA Sa*lan"ga*na, n.
Defn: The salagane.
SALARIED Sal"a*ried, a.
Defn: Receiving a salary; paid by a salary; having a salary attached; as, a salaried officer; a salaried office.
SALARY Sal"a*ry, a. Etym: [L. salarius.]
Defn: Saline [Obs.]
SALARY Sal"a*ry, n.; pl. Salaries. Etym: [F. salarie, L. salarium, originally, salt money, the money given to the Roman soldiers for salt, which was a part of thir pay, fr. salarius belonging to salt, fr. sal salt. See Salt.]
Defn: The recompense or consideration paid, or stipulated to be paid, to a person at regular intervals for services; fixed wages, as by the year, quarter, or month; stipend; hire. This is hire and salary, not revenge. Shak.
Note: Recompense for services paid at, or reckoned by, short intervals, as a day or week, is usually called wages.
Syn. -- Stipend; pay; wages; hire; allowance.
SALARY Sal"a*ry v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salaried; p. pr. & vb. n. Salarying.]
Defn: To pay, or agree to pay, a salary to; to attach salary to; as, to salary a clerk; to salary a position.
SALE Sale, n.
Defn: See 1st Sallow. [Obs.] Spenser.
SALE Sale, n. Etym: [Icel. sala, sal, akin to E.sell. See Sell, v. t.]
1. The act of selling; the transfer of property, or a contract to transfer the ownership of property, from one person to another for a valuable consideration, or for a price in money.
2. Opportunity of selling; demand; market. They shall have ready sale for them. Spenser.
3. Public disposal to the highest bidder, or exposure of goods in market; auction. Sir W. Temple. Bill of sale. See under Bill. -- Of sale, On sale, For sale, to be bought or sold; offered to purchasers; in the market. -- To set to sale, to offer for sale; to put up for purchase; to make merchandise of. [Obs.] Milton.
SALEABLE; SALEABLY Sale"a*ble, a., Sale"a*bly, adv., etc.
Defn: See Salable, Salably, etc.
SALEB Sal"eb, n. (Med.)
Defn: See Salep.
SALEBROSITY Sal`e*bros"i*ty, n.
Defn: Roughness or ruggedness. [Obs.] Feltham.
SALEBROUS Sal"e*brous, a. Etym: [L. salebosus, fr. salebra a rugged road, fr. salire to leap.]
Defn: Rough; rugged. [Obs.]
SALEP Sal"ep, n. Etym: [Ar. sahleb, perhaps a corruption of an Arabic word for fox, one Ar. name of the orchis signifying literally, fox's testicles: cf. F. salep.] [Written also saleb, salop, and saloop.]
Defn: The dried tubers of various species of Orchis, and Eulophia. It is used to make a nutritious beverage by treating the powdered preparation with hot water. U. S. Disp.
SALERATUS Sal`e*ra"tus, n. Etym: [NL. sal aëratus; -- so called because it is a source of fixed air (carbon dioxide). See Sal, and and Aërated.] (Old Chem.)
Defn: Aërated salt; a white crystalline substance having an alkaline taste and reaction, consisting of sodium bicarbonate (see under Sodium.) It is lagerly used in cooking, with sour milk (lactic acid) or cream of tartar as a substitute for yeast. It is also an ingridient of most baking powders, and is used in the preparation of effervescing drinks.
SALESMAN Sales"man, n.; pl. Salesmen. Etym: [Sale + man.]
Defn: One who sells anything; one whose occupation is to sell goods or merchandise.
SALESWOMAN Sales"wom`an, n.; pl. Saleswomen (.
Defn: A woman whose occupation is to sell goods or merchandise.
SALEWORK Sale"work`, n.
Defn: Work or things made for sale; hence, work done carelessly or slightingly. Shak.
SALIAN Sa"lian, a.
Defn: Denoting a tribe of Franks who established themselves early in the fourth century on the river Sala [now Yssel]; Salic. -- n.
Defn: A Salian Frank.
SALIANT Sa"li*ant, a. (Her.)
Defn: Same as Salient.
SALIAUNCE Sal"i*aunce, a. Etym: [See Sally.]
Defn: Salience; onslaught. [Obs.] "So fierce saliaunce." Spenser.
SALIC Sal"ic, a. Etym: [F. salique, fr. the Salian Franks, who, in the fifth century, formed a body of laws called in latin leges Salicæ.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Salian Franks, or to the Salic law so called. [Also salique.] Salic law. (a) A code of laws formed by the Salian Franks in the fifth century. By one provision of this code women were excluded from the inheritance of landed property. (b) Specifically, in modern times, a law supposed to be a special application of the above-mentioned provision, in accordance with which males alone can inherit the throne. This law has obtained in France, and at times in other countries of Europe, as Spain.
SALICACEOUS Sal`i*ca"ceous, a. Etym: [L. salix, -icis, the willow.]
Defn: Belonging or relating to the willow.
SALICIN Sal"i*cin, n. Etym: [L. salix, -icis, a willow: cf. F. salicine. See Sallow the tree.] (Chem.)
Defn: A glucoside found in the leaves of several species of willow (Salix) and poplar, and extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance.salicyl alcohol glucoside, salicyl alcohol b-D- glucopyranoside, saligenin b-D-glucopyranoside, C13H18O7. It is used in biochemistry as a standard substrate for evaluating the potency of b-glucosidase in enzymatic preparations. It is also an analgesic.
SALICYL Sal"i*cyl, n. Etym: [Salicin + -yl.] (Chem.)
Defn: The hypothetical radical of salicylic acid and of certain related compounds.
SALICYLAL Sal"i*cyl`al, n. Etym: [Salicylic + aldehide.] (Chem.)
Defn: A thin, fragrant, colorless oil, HO.C6H4.CHO, found in the flowers of meadow sweet (Spiræa), and also obtained by oxidation of saligenin, etc. It reddens on exposure. Called also salycylol, salicylic aldehyde, and formerly salicylous, or spiroylous, acid.
SALICYLATE Sal"i*cyl`ate (-ayt), n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of salicylic acid.
SALICYLIC Sal`i*cyl"ic, n. (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid formerly obtained by fusing salicin with potassium hydroxide, and now made in large quantities from phenol (carbolic acid) by the action of carbon dioxide on heated sodium phenolate. It is a white crystalline substance. It is used as an antiseptic, and in its salts in the treatment of rheumatism. Called also hydroxybenzoic acid.
SALICYLIDE Sal"i*cyl`ide, n. Etym: [Salicylic + anhydride.] (Chem.)
Defn: A white crystalline substance obtained by dehydration of salicylic acid.
SALICYLITE Sal"i*cyl`ite, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A compound of salicylal; -- named after the analogy of a salt.
SALICYLOL Sal"i*cyl`ol, n. Etym: [Salicylic + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)
Defn: Same as Salicylal.
SALICYLOUS Sa*lic"y*lous ( or ), a. (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a substance called salicylous acid, and now salicylal. [Obs.]
SALIENCE Sa"li*ence, n. Etym: [See Salient.]
1. That quality or condition of being salient; a leaping; a springing forward; an assaulting.
2. The quality or state of projecting, or being projected; projection; protrusion. Sir W. Hamilton.
SALIENCY Sa"li*en*cy, n.
Defn: Quality of being salient; hence, vigor. "A fatal lack of poetic saliency." J. Morley.
SALIENT Sa"li*ent, a. Etym: [L. saliens, -entis, p.pr. of salire to leap; cf. F. saillant. See Sally, n. & v. i..]
1. Moving by leaps or springs; leaping; bounding; jumping. "Frogs and salient animals." Sir T. Browne.
2. Shooting out up; springing; projecting. He had in himself a salient, living spring of generous and manly action. Burke.
3. Hence, figuratively, forcing itself on the attention; prominent; conspicuous; noticeable. He [Grenville] had neither salient traits, nor general comprehensiveness of mind. Bancroft.
4. (Math. & Fort.)
Defn: Projectiong outwardly; as, a salient angle; -- opposed to reëntering. See Illust. of Bastion.
5. (Her.)
Defn: Represented in a leaping position; as, a lion salient. Salient angle. See Salient, a., 4. -- Salient polygon (Geom.), a polygon all of whose angles are salient. -- Salient polyhedron (Geom.), a polyhedron all of whose solid angles are salient.
SALIENT Sa"li*ent, a. (Fort.)
Defn: A salient angle or part; a projection.
SALIENTLY Sa"li*ent*ly, adv.
Defn: In a salient manner.
SALIFEROUS Sa*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. sal salt + -ferous.]
Defn: Producing, or impregnated with, salt. Saliferous rocks (Geol.), the New Red Sandstone system of some geologists; -- so called because, in Europe, this formation contains beds of salt. The saliferous beds of New York State belong largely to the Salina period of the Upper Silurian. See the Chart of Geology.
SALIFIABLE Sal"i*fi`a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. salifiable. See Salify.] (Chem.)
Defn: Capable of neutralizing an acid to form a salt; -- said of bases; thus, ammonia is salifiable.
SALIFICATION Sal`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. salification.] (Chem.)
Defn: The act, process, or result of salifying; the state of being salified.
SALIFY Sal"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salified; p. pr. & vb. n. Salifying.] Etym: [F. salifier; from L. sal salt + -ficare (only in comp.) to make. See -fy.] (Chem.) (a) To combine or impregnate with a salt. (b) To form a salt with; to convert into a salt; as, to salify a base or an acid.
SALIGENIN Sa*lig"e*nin, n. Etym: [Salicin + -gen.] (Chem.)
Defn: A phenol alcohol obtained, by the decomposition of salicin, as a white crystalline substance; -- called also hydroxy-benzyl alcohol.
SALIGOT Sal"i*got, n. Etym: [F.] (Bot.)
Defn: The water chestnut (Trapa natans).
SALIMETER Sal*im"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. sal salt + -meter.]
Defn: An instrument for measuring the amount of salt present in any given solution. [Written also salometer.]
SALIMETRY Sal*im"e*try, n.
Defn: The art or process of measuring the amount of salt in a substance.
SALINA Sa*li"na, n. Etym: [Cf. L. salinae, pl., salt works, from sal salt. See Saline, a.]
1. A salt marsh, or salt pond, inclosed from the sea.
2. Salt works.
SALINA PERIOD Sa*li"na pe"ri*od. Etym: [So called from Salina, a town in New York.] (Geol.)
Defn: The period in which the American Upper Silurian system, containing the brine-producing rocks of central New York, was formed. See the Chart of Geology.
SALINATION Sal`i*na"tion, n.
Defn: The act of washing with salt water. [R. & Obs..] Greenhill.
SALINE Sa"line ( or ; 277), a. Etym: [F. salin, fr. L. sal salt: cf. L. salinae salt works, salinum saltcellar. See Salt.]
1. Consisting of salt, or containing salt; as, saline particles; saline substances; a saline cathartic.
2. Of the quality of salt; salty; as, a saline taste.
SALINE Sa"line ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [Cf. F. saline. See Saline, a.]
Defn: A salt spring; a place where salt water is collected in the earth.
SALINE Sal"ine, n.
1. (Chem.)
Defn: A crude potash obtained from beet-root residues and other similar sources. [Written also salin.]
2. (Med. Chem.)
Defn: A metallic salt; esp., a salt of potassium, sodium, lithium, or magnesium, used in medicine.
SALINENESS Sa*line"ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being salt; saltness.
SALINIFEROUS Sal`i*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Saline + -ferous.]
Defn: Same as Saliferous.
SALINIFORM Sa*lin"i*form, a.
Defn: Having the form or the qualities of a salt, especially of common salt.
SALINITY Sa*lin"i*ty, n.
Defn: Salineness. Carpenter.
SALINOMETER Sal`i*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Saline + -meter.]
Defn: A salimeter.
SALINOUS Sa*lin"ous, a.
Defn: Saline. [Obs.]
SALIQUE Sal"ique ( or ), a. Etym: [F.]
Defn: Salic. Shak. She fulmined out her scorn of laws salique. Tennyson.
SALIRETIN Sal`i*re"tin, n. Etym: [Saligenin + Gr. (Chem.)
Defn: A yellow amorphous resinoid substance obtained by the action of dilute acids on saligenin.
SALISBURIA Sal`is*bu"ri*a, n. Etym: [Named after R. A. Salisbury, an English botanist.] (Bot.)
Defn: The ginkgo tree (Ginkgo biloba, or Salisburia adiantifolia).
SALITE Sal"ite, v. t. Etym: [L. salitus, p.p. of salire to salt, fr. sal salt.]
Defn: To season with salt; to salt. [Obs.]
SALITE Sa"lite, n. Etym: [So called from Sala, a town in Sweden.] (Min.)
Defn: A massive lamellar variety of pyroxene, of a dingy green color. [Written also sahlite.]
SALIVA Sa*li"va, n. Etym: [L.; cf. Gr. (Physiol.)
Defn: The secretion from the salivary glands.
Note: In man the saliva is a more or less turbid and slighty viscid fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. The secretions from the individual salivary glands have their own special characteristics, and these are not the same in all animals. In man and many animals mixed saliva, i.e., saliva composed of the secretions of all three of the salivary glands, is an important degestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin.
SALIVAL Sa*li"val, a.
Defn: Salivary.
SALIVANT Sal"i*vant, a. Etym: [L. salivans, p.pr. of salivare. See Salivate.]
Defn: Producing salivation.
SALIVANT Sal"i*vant, n.
Defn: That which produces salivation.
SALIVARY Sal"i*va*ry, a. Etym: [L. salivarius slimy, clammy: cf. F. salivaire.] (Physiol.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to saliva; producing or carrying saliva; as, the salivary ferment; the salivary glands; the salivary ducts, etc.
SALIVATE Sal"i*vate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salivated; p. pr. & vb. n. Salivating.] Etym: [L. salivatus, p.p. of salivare to salivate. See Saliva.]
Defn: To produce an abnormal flow of saliva in; to produce salivation or ptyalism in, as by the use of mercury. over.; as, salivate over the prospects of high profits from an enterprise.
Note: Probably influenced by the experiments of Pavlov, who trained dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell, by previously ringing the bell immediately prior to feeding them.
SALIVATION Sal`i*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. salivatio: cf. F. salivation.] (Physiol.)
Defn: The act or process of salivating; an excessive secretion of saliva, often accompained with soreness of the mouth and gums; ptyalism.
Note: It may be induced by direct chemical or mechanical stimulation, as in mastication of some tasteless substance like rubber, or indirectly by some agent which affects the whole system, as mercury compounds.
SALIVOUS Sa*li"vous, a. Etym: [L. salivosus: cf. F. saliveux.]
Defn: Pertaining to saliva; of the nature of saliva.
SALIX Sa"lix, n.; pl. Salices. Etym: [L., the willow.] (Bot.) (a) A genus of trees or shrubs including the willow, osier, and the like, growing usually in wet grounds. (b) A tree or shrub of any kind of willow.
SALLENDERS Sal"len*ders, n. pl. Etym: [F. solandres, solandre.] (Far.)
Defn: An eruption on the hind leg of a horse. [Written also sellanders, and sellenders.] On the inside of the hock, or a little below it, as well as at the bend of the knee, there is occasionally a scurfy eruption called "mallenders" in the fore leg, and "sallenders" in the hind leg. Youatt.
SALLET Sal"let, n. Etym: [F. salade, Sp. celada, or It. celata, fr. L. (cassis) caelata, fr. caelare, caelatum, to engrave in relief. So called from the figures engraved upon it.]
Defn: A light kind of helmet, with or without a visor, introduced during the 15th century. [Written also salade.] Then he must have a sallet wherewith his head may be saved. Latimer.
SALLET; SALLETING Sal"let, Sal"let*ing, n.
Defn: Salad. [Obs.] Shak.
SALLIANCE Sal"li*ance, n.
Defn: Salience. [Obs.]
SALLOW Sal"low, n. Etym: [OE. salwe, AS. sealth; akin to OHG. salaha, G. salwiede, Icel. selja L. salix, Ir. sail, saileach, Gael. seileach, W. helyg, Gr.
1. The willow; willow twigs. [Poetic] Tennyson. And bend the pliant sallow to a shield. Fawkes. The sallow knows the basketmaker's thumb. Emerson.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: A name given to certain species of willow, especially those which do not have flexible shoots, as Salix caprea, S. cinerea, etc. Sallow thorn (Bot.), a European thorny shrub (Hippophae rhamnoides) much like an Elæagnus. The yellow berries are sometimes used for making jelly, and the plant affords a yellow dye.
SALLOW Sal"low, a. [Compar. Sallower; superl. Sallowest.] Etym: [AS. salu; akin to D. zaluw, OHG. salo, Icel. sölr yellow.]
Defn: Having a yellowish color; of a pale, sickly color, tinged with yellow; as, a sallow skin. Shak.
SALLOW Sal"low, v. t.
Defn: To tinge with sallowness. [Poetic] July breathes hot, sallows the crispy fields. Lowell.
SALLOWISH Sal"low*ish, a.
Defn: Somewhat sallow. Dickens.
SALLOWNESS Sal"low*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or condition of being sallow. Addison.
SALLY Sal"ly, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sallied; p. pr. & vb. n. Sallying.] Etym: [F. saillir, fr. L. salire to leap, spring, akin to gr. Sallient, Assail, Assault, Exult, Insult, Saltation, Saltire.]
Defn: To leap or rush out; to burst forth; to issue suddenly; as a body of troops from a fortified place to attack besiegers; to make a sally. They break the truce, and sally out by night. Dryden. The foe retires, -- she heads the sallying host. Byron.
SALLY Sal"ly, n.; pl. Sallies. Etym: [F. saillie, fr. sailir. See Sally, v.]
1. A leaping forth; a darting; a spring.
2. A rushing or bursting forth; a quick issue; a sudden eruption; specifically, an issuing of troops from a place besieged to attack the besiegers; a sortie. Sallies were made by the Spaniards, but they were beaten in with loss. Bacon.
3. An excursion from the usual track; range; digression; deviation. Every one shall know a country better that makes often sallies into it, and traverses it up and down, than he that . . . goes still round in the same track. Locke.
4. A flight of fancy, liveliness, wit, or the like; a flashing forth of a quick and active mind. The unaffected mirth with which she enjoyed his sallies. Sir W. Scott.
5. Transgression of the limits of soberness or steadiness; act of levity; wild gayety; frolic; escapade. The excursion was esteemed but a sally of youth. Sir H. Wotton. Sally port. (a) (Fort.) A postern gate, or a passage underground, from the inner to the outer works, to afford free egress for troops in a sortie. (b) (Naval) A large port on each quarter of a fireship, for the escape of the men into boats when the train is fired; a large port in an old-fashioned three-decker or a large modern ironclad.
SALLY LUNN Sal"ly Lunn". Etym: [From a woman, Sally Lunn, who is said to have first made the cakes, and sold them in the streets of Bath, Eng.]
Defn: A tea cake slighty sweetened, and raised with yeast, baked in the form of biscuits or in a thin loaf, and eaten hot with butter.
SALLYMAN Sal"ly*man, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The velella; -- called also saleeman.
SALM Salm, n.
Defn: Psalm. [Obs.] Piers plowman.
SALMAGUNDI Sal`ma*gun"di, n. Etym: [F. salmigondis of uncertain origin; perhaps from L. salgama condita, pl.; salgama pickles + condita preserved (see Condite); or from the Countess Salmagondi, lady of honor to Maria de Medici, who is said to have invented it; or cf. It. salame salt meat, and F. salmis a ragout.]
1. A mixture of chopped meat and pickled herring, with oil, vinegar, pepper, and onions. Johnson.
2. Hence, a mixture of various ingredients; an olio or medley; a potpourri; a miscellany. W. Irving.
SALMI Sal"mi, n. (Cookery)
Defn: Same as Salmis.
SALMIAC Sal"mi*ac, n. Etym: [Cf. F. salmiac, G. salmiak.] (Old Chem.)
Defn: Sal ammoniac. See under Sal.
SALMIS Sal`mis", n. Etym: [F.] (Cookery)
Defn: A ragout or partky roasted game stewed with sauce, wine, bread, and condiments suited to provoke appetite.
SALMON Salm"on, n.; pl. Salmons or (collectively) Salmon. Etym: [OE. saumoun, salmon, F. saumon, fr. L. salmo, salmonis perhaps from salire to leap. Cf. Sally, v.]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of several species of fishes of the genus Salmo and allied genera. The common salmon (Salmo salar) of Northern Europe and Eastern North America, and the California salmon, or quinnat, are the most important species. They are extensively preserved for food. See Quinnat.
Note: The salmons ascend rivers and penetrate to their head streams to spawn. They are remarkably strong fishes, and will even leap over considerable falls which lie in the way of their progress. The common salmon has been known to grow to the weight of seventy-five pounds; more generally it is from fifteen to twenty-five pounds. Young salmon are called parr, peal, smolt, and grilse. Among the true salmons are: Black salmon, or Lake salmon, the namaycush. -- Dog salmon, a salmon of Western North America (Oncorhynchus keta). -- Humpbacked salmon, a Pacific-coast salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). -- King salmon, the quinnat. -- Landlocked salmon, a variety of the common salmon (var. Sebago), long confined in certain lakes in consequence of obstructions that prevented it from returning to the sea. This last is called also dwarf salmon. Among fishes of other families which are locally and erroneously called salmon are: the pike perch, called jack salmon; the spotted, or southern, squeteague; the cabrilla, called kelp salmon; young pollock, called sea salmon; and the California yellowtail.
2. A reddish yellow or orange color, like the flesh of the salmon. Salmon berry (Bot.), a large red raspberry growing from Alaska to California, the fruit of the Rubus Nutkanus. -- Salmon killer (Zoöl.), a stickleback (Gasterosteus cataphractus) of Western North America and Northern Asia. -- Salmon ladder, salmon stair. See Fish ladder, under Fish. -- Salmon peel, a young salmon. -- Salmon pipe, a certain device for catching salmon. Crabb. -- Salmon trout. (Zoöl.) (a) The European sea trout (Salmo trutta). It resembles the salmon, but is smaller, and has smaller and more numerous scales. (b) The American namaycush. (c) A name that is also applied locally to the adult black spotted trout (Salmo purpuratus), and to the steel head and other large trout of the Pacific coast.
SALMON Salm"on, a.
Defn: Of a reddish yellow or orange color, like that of the flesh of the salmon.
SALMONET Salm"on*et, n. Etym: [Cf. Samlet.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A salmon of small size; a samlet.
SALMONOID Sal"mon*oid, a. Etym: [Salmon + -oid.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Like, or pertaining to, the Salmonidæ, a family of fishes including the trout and salmon. -- n.
Defn: Any fish of the family Salmonidæ.
SALOGEN Sal"o*gen, n. Etym: [L. sal salt + -gen.] (Chem.)
Defn: A halogen. [Obs.]
SALOL Sal"ol, n. Etym: [Salicylic + -ol.] (Chem.)
Defn: A white crystalline substance consisting of phenol salicylate.
SALOMETER sa*lom"e*ter, n.
Defn: See Salimeter.
SALOMETRY Sa*lom"e*try, n.
Defn: Salimetry.
SALON Sa`lon", n. Etym: [F. See Saloon.]
Defn: An apartment for the reception of company; hence, in the plural, faschionable parties; circles of fashionable society.
SALON Sa`lon", n.
Defn: An apartment for the reception and exhibition of works of art; hence, an annual exhibition of paintings, sculptures, etc., held in Paris by the Society of French Artists; -- sometimes called the Old Salon. New Salon is a popular name for an annual exhibition of paintings, sculptures, etc., held in Paris at the Champs de Mars, by the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts (National Society of Fine Arts), a body of artists who, in 1890, seceded from the Société des Artistes Français (Society of French Artists).
SALOON Sa*loon", n. Etym: [F. salon (cf. It. salone), fr. F. salle a large room, a hall, of German or Dutch origin; cf. OHG. sal house, hall, G. saal; akin to AS. sæl, sele, D. zaal, Icel. salr, Goth. saljan to dwell, and probably to L. solum ground. Cf. Sole of the foot, Soil ground, earth.]
1. A spacious and elegant apartment for the reception of company or for works of art; a hall of reception, esp. a hall for public entertainments or amusements; a large room or parlor; as, the saloon of a steamboat. The gilden saloons in which the first magnates of the realm . . . gave banquets and balls. Macaulay.
2. Popularly, a public room for specific uses; esp., a barroom or grogshop; as, a drinking saloon; an eating saloon; a dancing saloon. We hear of no hells, or low music halls, or low dancing saloons [at Athens.] J. P. Mahaffy.
SALOOP Sa*loop", n.
Defn: An aromatic drink prepared from sassafras bark and other ingredients, at one time much used in London. J. Smith (Dict. econ. Plants). Saloop bush (Bot.), an Australian shrub (Rhagodia hastata) of the Goosefoot family, used for fodder.
SALP Salp, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any species of Salpa, or of the family Salpidæ.
SALPA Sal"pa, n.; pl. L. Salpæ, E. Salpas. Etym: [NL.: cf. L. salpa a kind of stockfish.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of transparent, tubular, free-swimming oceanic tunicates found abundantly in all the warmer latitudes. See Illustration in Appendix.
Note: Each species exists in two distinct forms, one of which lives solitary, and produces, by budding from an internal organ, a series of the other kind. These are united together, side by side, so as to form a chain, or cluster, often of large size. Each of the individuals composing the chain carries a single egg, which develops into the solitary kind.
SALPIAN; SALPID Sal"pi*an, Sal"pid, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A salpa.
SALPICON Sal"pi*con, n. Etym: [F. salpicon, Sp. salpicon.]
Defn: Chopped meat, bread, etc., used to stuff legs of veal or other joints; stuffing; farce. Bacon.
SALPINGITIS Sal`pin*gi"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Salpinx, and -itis.] (Med.)
Defn: Inflammation of the salpinx.
SALPINX Sal"pinx, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Old Anat.)
Defn: The Eustachian tube, or the Fallopian tube.
SALSAFY Sal"sa*fy, n. (Bot.)
Defn: See Salsify.
SALSAMENTARIOUS Sal`sa*men*ta"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. salsamentarius, fr. salsamentum brine, pickled fish, fr. salsus salted, p.p. of salire to salt.]
Defn: Salt; salted; saline. [R.]
SALSE Salse, n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: A mud volcano, the water of which is often impregnated with salts, whence the name.
SALSIFY Sal"si*fy, n. Etym: [F. salsifis.] (Bot.)
Defn: See Oyster plant (a), under Oyster.
SALSO-ACID Sal"so-ac`id, a. Etym: [L. salsus salted, salt + acidus acid.]
Defn: Having a taste compounded of saltness and acidity; both salt and acid. [R.]
SALSODA Sal`so"da, n.
Defn: See Sal soda, under Sal.
SALSOLA Sal"so*la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. salsus salt, because they contain alkaline salts.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of plants including the glasswort. See Glasswort.
SALSUGINOUS sal*su"gi*nous, a. Etym: [L. salsugo, -ginis, saltness from salsus salted, salt: cf. F. salsugineux.] (Bot.)
Defn: Growing in brackish places or in salt marches.
SALT Salt, n. Etym: [AS. sealt; akin to OS. & OFries. salt, D. zout, G. salz, Icel., Sw., & Dan. salt, L. sal, Gr. sole, Ir. & Gael. salann, W. halen, of unknown origin. Cf. Sal, Salad, Salary, Saline, Sauce, Sausage.]
1. The chloride of sodium, a substance used for seasoning food, for the preservation of meat, etc. It is found native in the earth, and is also produced, by evaporation and crystallization, from sea water and other water impregnated with saline particles.
2. Hence, flavor; taste; savor; smack; seasoning. Though we are justices and doctors and churchmen . . . we have some salt of our youth in us. Shak.
3. Hence, also, piquancy; wit; sense; as, Attic salt.
4. A dish for salt at table; a saltcellar. I out and bought some things; among others, a dozen of silver salts. Pepys.
5. A sailor; -- usually qualified by old. [Colloq.] Around the door are generally to be seen, laughing and gossiping, clusters of old salts. Hawthorne.
6. (Chem.)
Defn: The neutral compound formed by the union of an acid base; thus, sulphuric acid and iron form the salt sulphate of iron or green vitriol.
Note: Except in case of ammonium salts, accurately speaking, it is the acid radical which unites with the base or basic radical, with the elimination of hydrogen, of water, or of analogous compounds as side products. In the case of diacid and triacid bases, and of dibasic and tribasic acids, the mutual neutralization may vary in degree, producing respectively basic, neutral, or acid salts See Phrases below.
7. Fig.: That which preserves from corruption or error; that which purifies; a corrective; an antiseptic; also, an allowance or deduction; as, his statements must be taken with a grain of salt. Ye are the salt of the earth. Matt. v. 13.
8. pl.
Defn: Any mineral salt used as an aperient or cathartic, especially Epsom salts, Rochelle salt, or Glauber's salt.
9. pl.
Defn: Marches flooded by the tide. [Prov. Eng.] Above the salt, Below the salt, phrases which have survived the old custom, in the houses of people of rank, of placing a large saltcellar near the middle of a long table, the places above which were assigned to the guests of distinction, and those below to dependents, inferiors, and poor relations. See Saltfoot. His fashion is not to take knowledge of him that is beneath him in clothes. He never drinks below the salt. B. Jonson. -- Acid salt (Chem.) (a) A salt derived from an acid which has several replaceable hydrogen atoms which are only partially exchanged for metallic atoms or basic radicals; as, acid potassium sulphate is an acid salt. (b) A salt, whatever its constitution, which merely gives an acid reaction; thus, copper sulphate, which is composed of a strong acid united with a weak base, is an acid salt in this sense, though theoretically it is a neutral salt. -- Alkaline salt (Chem.), a salt which gives an alkaline reaction, as sodium carbonate. -- Amphid salt (Old Chem.), a salt of the oxy type, formerly regarded as composed of two oxides, an acid and a basic oxide. [Obsolescent] -- Basic salt (Chem.) (a) A salt which contains more of the basic constituent than is required to neutralize the acid. (b) An alkaline salt. -- Binary salt (Chem.), a salt of the oxy type conveniently regarded as composed of two ingredients (analogously to a haloid salt), viz., a metal and an acid radical. -- Double salt (Chem.), a salt regarded as formed by the union of two distinct salts, as common alum, potassium aluminium sulphate. See under Double. -- Epsom salts. See in the Vocabulary. -- Essential salt (Old Chem.), a salt obtained by crystalizing plant juices. -- Ethereal salt. (Chem.) See under Ethereal. -- Glauber's salt or salts. See in Vocabulary. -- Haloid salt (Chem.), a simple salt of a halogen acid, as sodium chloride. -- Microcosmic salt. (Chem.). See under Microcosmic. -- Neutral salt. (Chem.) (a A salt in which the acid and base (in theory) neutralize each other. (b) A salt which gives a neutral reaction. -- Oxy salt (Chem.), a salt derived from an oxygen acid. -- Per salt (Old Chem.), a salt supposed to be derived from a peroxide base or analogous compound. [Obs.] -- Permanent salt, a salt which undergoes no change on exposure to the air. -- Proto salt (Chem.), a salt derived from a protoxide base or analogous compound. -- Rochelle salt. See under Rochelle. -- Salt of amber (Old Chem.), succinic acid. -- Salt of colcothar (Old Chem.), green vitriol, or sulphate of iron. -- Salt of hartshorn. (Old Chem.) (a) Sal ammoniac, or ammonium chloride. (b) Ammonium carbonate. Cf. Spirit of hartshorn, under Hartshorn. -- Salt of lemons. (Chem.) See Salt of sorrel, below. -- Salt of Saturn (Old Chem.), sugar of lead; lead acetate; -- the alchemical of lead being Saturn. -- Salt of Seignette. Same as Rochelle salt. -- Salt of soda (Old Chem.), sodium carbonate. -- Salt of sorrel (Old Chem.), acid potassium oxalate, or potassium quadroxalate, used as a solvent for ink stains; -- so called because found in the sorrel, or Oxalis. Also sometimes inaccurately called salt of lemon. -- Salt of tartar (Old Chem.), potassium carbonate; -- so called because formerly made by heating cream of tartar, or potassium tartrate. [Obs.] -- Salt of Venus (Old Chem.), blue vitriol; copper sulphate; -- the alchemical name of copper being Venus. -- Salt of wisdom. See Alembroth. -- Sedative salt (Old Med. Chem.), boric acid. -- Sesqui salt (Chem.), a salt derived from a sesquioxide base or analogous compound. -- Spirit of salt. (Chem.) See under Spirit. -- Sulpho salt (Chem.), a salt analogous to an oxy salt, but containing sulphur in place of oxygen.
SALT Salt, a. [Compar. Salter; superl. Saltest.] Etym: [AS. sealt, salt. See Salt, n.]
1. Of or relating to salt; abounding in, or containing, salt; prepared or preserved with, or tasting of, salt; salted; as, salt beef; salt water. "Salt tears." Chaucer.
2. Overflowed with, or growing in, salt water; as, a salt marsh; salt grass.
3. Fig.: Bitter; sharp; pungent. I have a salt and sorry rheum offends me. Shak.
4. Fig.: Salacious; lecherous; lustful. Shak. Salt acid (Chem.), hydrochloric acid. -- Salt block, an apparatus for evaporating brine; a salt factory. Knight. -- Salt bottom, a flat piece of ground covered with saline efforescences. [Western U.S.] bartlett. -- Salt cake (Chem.), the white caked mass, consisting of sodium sulphate, which is obtained as the product of the first stage in the manufacture of soda, according to Leblanc's process. -- Salt fish. (a) Salted fish, especially cod, haddock, and similar fishes that have been salted and dried for food. (b) A marine fish. -- Salt garden, an arrangement for the natural evaporation of sea water for the production of salt, employing large shallow basins excavated near the seashore. -- Salt gauge, an instrument used to test the strength of brine; a salimeter. -- Salt horse, salted beef. [Slang] -- Salt junk, hard salt beef for use at sea. [Slang] -- Salt lick. See Lick, n. -- Salt marsh, grass land subject to the overflow of salt water. -- Salt-marsh caterpillar (Zoöl.), an American bombycid moth (Spilosoma acreæ which is very destructive to the salt-marsh grasses and to other crops. Called also wooly bear. See Illust. under Moth, Pupa, and Woolly bear, under Woolly. -- Salt-marsh fleabane (Bot.), a strong-scented composite herb (Pluchea camphorata) with rayless purplish heads, growing in salt marshes. -- Salt-marsh hen (Zoöl.), the clapper rail. See under Rail. -- Salt-marsh terrapin (Zoöl.), the diamond-back. -- Salt mine, a mine where rock salt is obtained. -- Salt pan. (a) A large pan used for making salt by evaporation; also, a shallow basin in the ground where salt water is evaporated by the heat of the sun. (b) pl. Salt works. -- Salt pit, a pit where salt is obtained or made. -- Salt rising, a kind of yeast in which common salt is a principal ingredient. [U.S.] -- Salt raker, one who collects salt in natural salt ponds, or inclosures from the sea. -- Salt sedative (Chem.), boracic acid. [Obs.] -- Salt spring, a spring of salt water. -- Salt tree (Bot.), a small leguminous tree (Halimodendron argenteum) growing in the salt plains of the Caspian region and in Siberia. -- Salt water, water impregnated with salt, as that of the ocean and of certain seas and lakes; sometimes, also tears. Mine eyes are full of tears, I can not see; And yet salt water blinds them not so much But they can see a sort of traitors here. Shak. -- Salt-water sailor, an ocean mariner. -- Salt-water tailor. (Zoöl.) See Bluefish.
SALT Salt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salted; p. pr. & vb. n. Salting.]
1. To sprinkle, impregnate, or season with salt; to preserve with salt or in brine; to supply with salt; as, to salt fish, beef, or pork; to salt cattle.
2. To fill with salt between the timbers and planks, as a ship, for the preservation of the timber. To salt a mine, to artfully deposit minerals in a mine in order to deceive purchasers regarding its value. [Cant] -- To salt away, To salt down, to prepare with, or pack in, salt for preserving, as meat, eggs, etc.; hence, colloquially, to save, lay up, or invest sagely, as money.
SALT Salt, v. i.
Defn: To deposit salt as a saline solution; as, the brine begins to salt.
SALT Salt, n. Etym: [L. saltus, fr. salire to leap.]
Defn: The act of leaping or jumping; a leap. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
SALTANT Sal"tant, a. Etym: [L. saltans, p.pr. of saltare to dance, v. intens. fr. salire to leap: cf. F. sautant. See Sally, v.]
1. Leaping; jumping; dancing.
2. (Her.)
Defn: In a leaping position; springing forward; -- applied especially to the squirrel, weasel, and rat, also to the cat, greyhound, monkey, etc.
SALTARELLA Sal`ta*rel"la, n.
Defn: See Saltarello.
SALTARELLO Sal`ta*rel"lo, n. Etym: [It., fr. L. saltare to jump.]
Defn: A popular Italian dance in quick 3-4 or 6-8 time, running mostly in triplets, but with a hop step at the beginning of each measure. See Tarantella.
SALTATE Sal"tate, v. i. Etym: [See Saltant.]
Defn: To leap or dance. [R.]
SALTATION Sal*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. saltatio: cf. F. saltation.]
1. A leaping or jumping. Continued his saltation without pause. Sir W. Scott.
2. Beating or palpitation; as, the saltation of the great artery.
3. (Biol.)
Defn: An abrupt and marked variation in the condition or appearance of a species; a sudden modification which may give rise to new races. We greatly suspect that nature does make considerable jumps in the way of variation now and then, and that these saltations give rise to some of the gaps which appear to exist in the series of known forms. Huxley.
SALTATORIA Sal`ta*to"ri*a, n.; pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A division of Orthoptera including grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets.
SALTATORIAL Sal`ta*to"ri*al, a.
1. Relating to leaping; saltatory; as, saltatorial exercises.
2. (Zoöl.) (a) Same as Saltatorious. (b) Of or pertaining to the Saltatoria.
SALTATORIOUS Sal`ta*to"ri*ous, a.
Defn: Capable of leaping; formed for leaping; saltatory; as, a saltatorious insect or leg.
SALTATORY Sal"ta*to"ry, a. Etym: [L. saltatorius. See Saltant, and cf. Saltire.]
Defn: Leaping or dancing; having the power of, or used in, leaping or dancing. Saltatory evolution (Biol.), a theory of evolution which holds that the transmutation of species is not always gradual, but that there may come sudden and marked variations. See Saltation. -- Saltatory spasm (Med.), an affection in which pressure of the foot on a floor causes the patient to spring into the air, so as to make repeated involuntary motions of hopping and jumping. J. Ross.
SALTBUSH Salt"bush`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: An Australian plant (Atriplex nummularia) of the Goosefoot family.
SALTCAT Salt"cat`, n.
Defn: A mixture of salt, coarse meal lime, etc., attractive to pigeons.
SALTCELLAR Salt"cel*lar, n. Etym: [OE. saltsaler; salt + F. salière saltcellar, from L. sal salt. See Salt, and cf. Salary.]
Defn: Formerly a large vessel, now a small vessel of glass or other material, used for holding salt on the table.
SALTER Salt"er, n.
Defn: One who makes, sells, or applies salt; one who salts meat or fish.
SALTERN Salt"ern, n.
Defn: A building or place where salt is made by boiling or by evaporation; salt works.
SALTFOOT Salt"foot`, n.
Defn: A large saltcellar formerly placed near the center of the table. The superior guests were seated above the saltfoot.
SALT-GREEN Salt"-green, a.
Defn: Sea-green in color. Shak.
SALTIE Salt"ie, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The European dab.
SALTIER Sal"tier, n.
Defn: See Saltire.
SALTIGRADAE Sal`ti*gra"dæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Saltigrade.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A tribe of spiders including those which lie in wait and leap upon their prey; the leaping spiders.
SALTIGRADE Sal"ti*grade, a. Etym: [L. saltus a leap + gradi to walk, go: cf. F. saltigrade.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having feet or legs formed for leaping.
SALTIGRADE Sal"ti*grade, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the Saltigradæ a tribe of spiders which leap to seize their prey.
SALTIMBANCO Sal`tim*ban"co, n. Etym: [It., literally, one who leaps or mounts upon a bench; saltare to leap + in in, upon + banco a bench.]
Defn: A mountebank; a quack. [Obs.] [Written also santibanco.] Saltimbancos, quacksalvers, and charlatans. Sir T. browne.
SALTING Salt"ing, n.
1. The act of sprinkling, impregnating, or furnishing, with salt.
2. A salt marsh.
SALTIRE Sal"tire, n. Etym: [F. sautoir, fr. LL. saltatorium a sort of stirrup, fr. L. saltatorius saltatory. See Saltatory, Sally, v.] (Her.)
Defn: A St. Andrew's cross, or cross in the form of an X, -- one of the honorable ordinaries.
SALTIREWISE Sal"tire*wise`, adv. (Her.)
Defn: In the manner of a saltire; -- said especially of the blazoning of a shield divided by two lines drawn in the direction of a bend and a bend sinister, and crossing at the center.
SALTISH Salt"ish, a.
Defn: Somewhat salt. -- Salt"ish*ly, adv. -- Salt"ish*ness, n.
SALTLESS Salt"less, a.
Defn: Destitute of salt; insipid.
SALTLY Salt"ly, adv.
Defn: With taste of salt; in a salt manner.
SALTMOUTH Salt"mouth`, n.
Defn: A wide-mouthed bottle with glass stopper for holding chemicals, especially crystallized salts.
SALTNESS Salt"ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being salt, or state of being salt, or impregnated with salt; salt taste; as, the saltness of sea water.
SALTPETER; SALTPETRE Salt`pe"ter, Salt`pe"tre, (, n. Etym: [F. salpêtre, NL. sal petrae, literally, rock salt, or stone salt; Salt, and Petrify.] (Chem.)
Defn: Potassium nitrate; niter, a white crystalline substance, KNO3, having a cooling saline taste, obtained by leaching from certain soils in which it is produced by the process of nitrification (see Nitrification, 2). It is a strong oxidizer, is the chief constituent of gunpowder, and is also used as an antiseptic in curing meat, and in medicine as a diuretic, diaphoretic, and refrigerant. Chili salpeter (Chem.), sodium nitrate (distinguished from potassium nitrate, or true salpeter), a white crystalline substance, NaNO3, having a cooling, saline, slightly bitter taste. It is obtained by leaching the soil of the rainless districts of Chili and Peru. It is deliquescent and cannot be used in gunpowder, but is employed in the production of nitric acid. Called also cubic niter. -- Saltpeter acid (Chem.), nitric acid; -- sometimes so called because made from saltpeter.
SALTPETROUS Salt`pe"trous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. salpêtreux.]
Defn: Pertaining to saltpeter, or partaking of its qualities; impregnated with saltpeter. [Obs.]
SALT RHEUM Salt" rheum. (Med.)
Defn: A popular name, esp. in the United States, for various cutaneous eruptions, particularly for those of eczema. See Eczema.
SALTWORT Salt`wort`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: A name given to several plants which grow on the seashore, as the Batis maritima, and the glasswort. See Glasswort. Black saltwort, the sea milkwort.
SALTY Salt"y, a.
Defn: Somewhat salt; saltish.
SALUBRIOUS Sa*lu"bri*ous, a. Etym: [L. salubris, or saluber, fr. salus health; akin to salvus safe, sound, well. See Safe.]
Defn: Favorable to health; healthful; promoting health; as, salubrious air, water, or climate.
Syn. -- Healthful; wholesome; healthy; salutary. -- Sa-lu"bri*ous*ly, adv. -- Sa*lu"bri*ous*ness, n.
SALUBRITY Sa*lu"bri*ty, n. Etym: [L. salubritas: cf. F. salubrité See Salubrious.]
Defn: The quality of being salubrious; favorableness to the preservation of health; salubriousness; wholesomeness; healthfulness; as, the salubrity of the air, of a country, or a climate. "A sweet, dry small of salubrity." G. W. Cable.
SALUE Sa*lue", v. t. Etym: [F. saluer. See Salute.]
Defn: To salute. [Obs.] There was no "good day" and no saluyng. Chaucer.
SALUTARY Sal"u*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. salutaris, from salus, -utis, health safety: cf. F. salutaire. See Salubrious.]
1. Wholesome; healthful; promoting health; as, salutary exercise.
2. Promotive of, or contributing to, some beneficial purpose; beneficial; advantageous; as, a salutary design.
Syn. -- Wholesome; healthful; salubrious; beneficial; useful; advantageous; profitable. -- Sal"u*ta*ri*ly, adv. -- Sal"u*ta*ri*ness, n.
SALUTATION Sal`u*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. salutatio: cf. F. salutation. See Salute.]
Defn: The act of saluting, or paying respect or reverence, by the customary words or actions; the act of greeting, or expressing good will or courtesy; also, that which is uttered or done in saluting or greeting. In all public meetings or private addresses, use those forms of salutation, reverence, and decency usual amongst the most sober persons. Jer. Taylor.
Syn. -- Greeting; salute; address. -- Salutation, Greeting, Salute, Greeting is the general word for all manner of expressions of recognition, agreeable or otherwise, made when persons meet or communicate with each other. A greeting may be hearty and loving, chilling and offensive, or merely formal, as in the opening sentence of legal documents. Salutation more definitely implies a wishing well, and is used of expressions at parting as well as at meeting. It is used especially of uttered expressions of good will. Salute, while formerly and sometimes still in the sense of either greeting or salutation, is now used specifically to denote a conventional demonstration not expressed in words. The guests received a greeting which relieved their embrassment, offered their salutations in well-chosen terms, and when they retired, as when they entered, made a deferential salute. Woe unto you, Pharisees! for ye love the uppermost seats in the synagogues, and greetings in the markets. Luke xi. 43. When Elisabeth heard the salutation of Mary, the babe leaped in her womb. Luke i. 41. I shall not trouble my reader with the first salutes of our three friends. Addison.
SALUTATORIAN Sa*lu`ta*to"ri*an, n.
Defn: The student who pronounces the salutatory oration at the annual Commencement or like exercises of a college, -- an honor commonly assigned to that member of the graduating class who ranks second in scholarship. [U.S.]
SALUTATORILY Sa*lu"ta*to*ri*ly, adv.
Defn: By way of salutation.
SALUTATORY Sa*lu"ta*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. salutatorius. See Salute.]
Defn: Containing or expressing salutations; speaking a welcome; greeting; -- applied especially to the oration which introduces the exercises of the Commencements, or similar public exhibitions, in American colleges.
SALUTATORY Sa*lu"ta*to*ry, n.
1. A place for saluting or greeting; a vestibule; a porch. [Obs.] Milton.
2. (American Colleges)
Defn: The salutatory oration.
SALUTE Sa*lute", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saluted; p. pr. & vb. n. Saluting.] Etym: [L. salutare, salutatum, from salus, -utis, health, safety. See Salubrious.]
1. To adress, as with expressions of kind wishes and courtesy; to greet; to hail. I salute you with this kingly title. Shak.
2. Hence, to give a sign of good will; to compliment by an act or ceremony, as a kiss, a bow, etc. You have the prettiest tip of a finger . . . I must take the freedom to salute it. Addison.
3. (Mil. & Naval)
Defn: To honor, as some day, person, or nation, by a discharge of cannon or small arms, by dipping colors, by cheers, etc.
4. To promote the welfare and safety of; to benefit; to gratify. [Obs.] "If this salute my blood a jot." Shak.
SALUTE Sa*lute", n. Etym: [Cf. F. salut. See Salute, v.]
1. The act of saluting, or expressing kind wishes or respect; salutation; greeting.
2. A sign, token, or ceremony, expressing good will, compliment, or respect, as a kiss, a bow, etc. Tennyson.
3. (Mil. & Naval)
Defn: A token of respect or honor for some distinguished or official personage, for a foreign vessel or flag, or for some festival or event, as by presenting arms, by a discharge of cannon, volleys of small arms, dipping the colors or the topsails, etc.
SALUTER Sa*lut"er, n.
Defn: One who salutes.
SALUTIFEROUS Sal`u*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. salutifer; salus, -utis, health + ferre to bring.]
Defn: Bringing health; healthy; salutary; beneficial; as, salutiferous air. [R.] Innumerable powers, all of them salutiferous. Cudworth.
Syn. -- Healthful; healthy; salutary; salubrious.
SALUTIFEROUSLY Sal`u*tif"er*ous*ly, adv.
Defn: Salutarily. [R.]
SALVABILITY Sal`va*bil"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality or condition of being salvable; salvableness. [R.] In the Latin scheme of redemption, salvability was not possible outside the communion of the visible organization. A. V. G. Allen.
SALVABLE Sal"va*ble, a. Etym: [L. salvare to save, from salvus safe. Cf. Savable.]
Defn: Capable of being saved; admitting of salvation. Dr. H. More. -- Sal"va*ble*ness, n. -- Sal"va*bly, adv.
SALVAGE Sal"vage (; 48), n. Etym: [F. salvage, OF. salver to save, F. sauver, fr. L. salvare. See Save.]
1. The act of saving a vessel, goods, or life, goods, or life, from perils of the sea. Salvage of life from a british ship, or a foreign ship in British waters, ranks before salvage of goods. Encyc. Brit.
2. (Maritime Law) (a) The compensation allowed to persons who voluntarily assist in saving a ship or her cargo from peril. (b) That part of the property that survives the peril and is saved. Kent. Abbot.
SALVAGE Sal"vage, a. & n.
Defn: Savage. [Obs.] Spenser.
SALVATION Sal*va"tion, n. Etym: [OE. salvacioun, sauvacion, F. salvation, fr. L. salvatio, fr. salvare to save. See Save.]
1. The act of saving; preservation or deliverance from destruction, danger, or great calamity.
2. (Theol.)
Defn: The redemption of man from the bondage of sin and liability to eternal death, and the conferring on him of everlasting happiness. To earn salvation for the sons of men. Milton. Godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation. 2. Cor. vii. 10.
3. Saving power; that which saves. Fear ye not; stand still, and see the salvation of the Lord, which he will show to you to-day. Ex. xiv. 13. Salvation Army, an organization for prosecuting the work of Christian evangelization, especially among the degraded populations of cities. It is virtually a new sect founded in London in 1861 by William Booth. The evangelists, male and female, have military titles according to rank, that of the chief being "General." They wear a uniform, and in their phraseology and mode of work adopt a quasi military style.
SALVATIONIST Sal*va"tion*ist, n.
Defn: An evangelist, a member, or a recruit, of the Salvation Army.
SALVATORY Sal"va*to*ry, n. Etym: [LL. salvatorium, fr. salvare to save.]
Defn: A place where things are preserved; a repository. [R.] Sir M. Hale.
SALVE Sal"ve, interj. Etym: [L., hail, God save you, imperat. of salvere to be well. Cf. Salvo a volley.]
Defn: Hail!
SALVE Sal"ve ( or ), v. t.
Defn: To say "Salve" to; to greet; to salute. [Obs.] By this that stranger knight in presence came, And goodly salved them. Spenser.
SALVE Salve, n. Etym: [AS. sealf ointment; akin to LG. salwe, D. zalve, zalf, OHG. salba, Dan. salve, Sw. salva, Goth. salb to anoint, and probably to Gr. (Hesychius) sapris clarified butter. sq. root155, 291.]
1. An adhesive composition or substance to be applied to wounds or sores; a healing ointment. Chaucer.
2. A soothing remedy or antidote. Counsel or consolation we may bring. Salve to thy sores. Milton. Salve bug (Zoöl.), a large, stout isopod crustacean (Æga psora), parasitic on the halibut and codfish, -- used by fishermen in the preparation of a salve. It becomes about two inches in length.
SALVE Salve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salved; p. pr. & vb. n. Salving.] Etym: [AS. sealfian to anoint. See Salve, n.]
1. To heal by applications or medicaments; to cure by remedial traetment; to apply salve to; as, to salve a wound. Shak.
2. To heal; to remedy; to cure; to make good; to soothe, as with an ointment, especially by some device, trick, or quibble; to gloss over. But Ebranck salved both their infamies With noble deeds. Spenser. What may we do, then, to salve this seeming inconsistence Milton.
SALVE Salve, v. t. & i. Etym: [See Salvage]
Defn: To save, as a ship or goods, from the perils of the sea. [Recent]
SALVER Salv"er, n.
Defn: One who salves, or uses salve as a remedy; hence, a quacksalver, or quack. [Obs.]
SALVER Sal"ver, n. Etym: [Cf. Salvage.]
Defn: A salvor. Skeat.
SALVER Sal"ver, n. Etym: [Sp. salva pregustation, the tasting of viands before they are served, salver, fr. salvar to save, to taste, to prove the food or drink of nobles, from L. salvare to save. See Save.]
Defn: A tray or waiter on which anything is presented.
SALVER-SHAPED Sal"ver-shaped`, a. (Bot.)
Defn: Tubular, with a speading border. See Hypocraterimorphous.
SALVIA Sal"vi*a, n. Etym: [L., sage.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of plants including the sage. See Sage.
SALVIFIC Sal*vif"ic, a. Etym: [L. salficus saving; salvus saved, safe + facere to make.]
Defn: Tending to save or secure safety. [Obs.]
SALVO Sal"vo, n.; pl. Salvos. Etym: [L. salvo jure, literally, the right being reserved. See Safe.]
Defn: An exception; a reservation; an excuse. They admit many salvos, cautions, and reservations. Eilon Basilike.
SALVO Sal"vo, n. Etym: [F. salve a discharge of heavy cannon, a volley, L. salve hail, imperat. of salvere to be well, akin to salvus well. See Safe.]
1. (Mil.)
Defn: A concentrated fire from pieces of artillery, as in endeavoring to make a break in a fortification; a volley.
2. A salute paid by a simultaneous, or nearly simultaneous, firing of a number of cannon.
SALVOR Sal"vor, n. Etym: [See Salvation, Save] (Law)
Defn: One who assists in saving a ship or goods at sea, without being under special obligation to do so. Wheaton.
SAM Sam, adv. Etym: [AS. same. See Same, a.]
Defn: Together. [Obs.] "All in that city sam." Spenser.
SAMARA Sa*ma"ra ( or ), n. Etym: [L. samara, samera, the seed of the elm.] (Bot.)
Defn: A dry, indehiscent, usually one-seeded, winged fruit, as that of the ash, maple, and elm; a key or key fruit.
SAMARE Sam"are, n.
Defn: See Simar.
SAMARITAN Sa*mar"i*tan, a. Etym: [L. Samaritanus.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to Samaria, in Palestine. -- n.
Defn: A native or inhabitant of Samaria; also, the language of Samaria.
SAMARIUM Sa*ma"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. E. samarskite.] (Chem.)
Defn: A rare metallic element of doubtful identity.
Note: Samarium was discovered, by means of spectrum analysis, in certain minerals (samarskite, cerite, etc.), in which it is associated with other elements of the earthy group. It has been confounded with the donbtful elements decipium, philippium, etc., and is possibly a complex mixture of elements not as yet clearly identified. Symbol Sm. Provisional atomic weight 150.2.
SAMAROID Sam"a*roid, a. Etym: [Samara + -oid.] (Bot.)
Defn: Resembling a samara, or winged seed vessel.
SAMARRA Sa*mar"ra, n.
Defn: See Simar.
SAMARSKITE Sa*mar"skite, a. Etym: [After Samarski, a Russian.] (Min.)
Defn: A rare mineral having a velvet-black color and submetallic luster. It is a niobate of uranium, iron, and the yttrium and cerium metals.
SAMBO Sam"bo, n. Etym: [Sp. zambo, sambo.]
Defn: A colloquial or humorous appelation for a negro; sometimes, the offspring of a black person and a mulatto; a zambo.
SAMBOO Sam"boo, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Same as Sumbur.
SAMBUCUS Sam*bu"cus, n. Etym: [L., an elder tree.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of shrubs and trees; the elder.
SAMBUKE Sam"buke, n. Etym: [L. sambuca, Gr. (Mus.)
Defn: An ancient stringed instrument used by the Greeks, the particular construction of which is unknown.
SAMBUR Sam"bur, n. Etym: [Hind. sambar, sabar.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: An East Indian deer (Rusa Aristotelis) having a mane on its neck. Its antlers have but three prongs. Called also gerow. The name is applied to other species of the genus Rusa, as the Bornean sambur (R. equina).
SAME Same, a. Etym: [AS. same. adv.; akin to OS. sama, samo, adv., OHG. sam, a., sama, adv., Icel. samr, a., Sw. samme, samma, Dan. samme, Goth. sama, Russ. samui, Gr. sama, Gr. simul at the same time, similis like, and E. some, a., -some. sq. root191. Cf. Anomalous, Assemble, Homeopathy, Homily, Seem, v. i., Semi-, Similar, Some.]
1. Not different or other; not another or others; identical; unchanged. Thou art the same, and thy years shall have no end. Ps. cii. 27.
2. Of like kind, species, sort, dimensions, or the like; not differing in character or in the quality or qualities compared; corresponding; not discordant; similar; like. The ethereal vigor is in all the same. Dryden.
3. Just mentioned, or just about to be mentioned. What ye know, the same do I know. Job. xiii. 2. Do but think how well the same he spends, Who spends his blood his country to relieve. Daniel.
Note: Same is commonly preceded by the, this, or that and is often used substantively as in the citations above. In a comparative use it is followed by as or with. Bees like the same odors as we do. Lubbock. [He] held the same political opinions with his illustrious friend. Macaulay.
SAMELINESS Same"li*ness, n.
Defn: Sameness, 2. [R.] Bayne.
SAMENESS Same"ness, n.
1. The state of being the same, identity; abscence of difference; near resemblance; correspondence; similarity; as, a sameness of person, of manner, of sound, of appearance, and the like. "A sameness of the terms." Bp. Horsley.
2. Hence, want of variety; tedious monotony.
Syn. -- Identity; identicalness; oneness.
SAMETTE Sa*mette", n.
Defn: See Samite. [Obs.]
SAMIAN Sa"mi*an, a. Etym: [L. Samius.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to the island of Samos. Fill high the cup with Samian wine. Byreon. Samian earth, a species of clay from Samoa, formerly used in medicine as an astringent.
SAMIAN Sa"mi*an, n.
Defn: A native or inhabitant of Samos.
SAMIEL Sa"mi*el, n. Etym: [Turk. sam-yeli; Ar. samm poison + Turk. yel wind. Cf. Simoom.]
Defn: A hot and destructive wind that sometimes blows, in Turkey, from the desert. It is identical with the simoom of Arabia and the kamsin of Syria.
SAMIOT Sa"mi*ot, a. & n. Etym: [Cf. F. samiote.]
Defn: Samian.
SAMISEN Sam"i*sen, n. [Jap.] (Mus.)
Defn: A Japanese musical instrument with three strings, resembling a guitar or banjo.
SAMITE Sa"mite, a. Etym: [OF. samit, LL. samitum, examitum, from LGr. Six, and cf. Dimity.]
Defn: A species of silk stuff, or taffeta, generally interwoven with gold. Tennyson. In silken samite she was light arrayed. Spenser.
SAMLET Sam"let, n. Etym: [Cf. Salmonet.]
Defn: The parr.
SAMMIER Sam"mi*er, n.
Defn: A machine for pressing the water from skins in tanning. Knight.
SAMOAN Sa*mo"an, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Samoan Islands (formerly called Navigators' Islands) in the South Pacific Ocean, or their inhabitants. -- n.
Defn: An inhabitant of the Samoan Islands.
SAMOVAR Sa"mo*var, n. Etym: [Russ. samovar'.]
Defn: A metal urn used in Russia for making tea. It is filled with water, which is heated by charcoal placed in a pipe, with chimney attached, which passes through the urn.
SAMOYEDES Sam`oy*edes", n. pl.; sing. Samoyede (. (Ethnol.)
Defn: An ignorant and degraded Turanian tribe which occupies a portion of Northern Russia and a part of Siberia.Samoyeds.
SAMP Samp, n. Etym: [From American Indian sapac, saupac, made soft, or thinned.]
Defn: An article of food consisting of maize broken or bruised, which is cooked by by boiling, and usually eaten with milk; coarse hominy.
SAMPAN Sam"pan, n. (Naut.)
Defn: A Chinese boat from twelve to fifteen feet long, covered with a house, and sometimes used as a permanent habitation on the inland waters. [Written also sanpan.]
SAMPHIRE Sam"phire ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [F. l'herbe de Saint Pierre. See Saint, and Petrel.] (Bot.) (a) A fleshy, suffrutescent, umbelliferous European plant (Crithmum maritimum). It grows among rocks and on cliffs along the seacoast, and is used for pickles. Hangs one that gathers samphire, dreadful trade! Scak.
(b) The species of glasswort (Salicornia herbacea); -- called in England marsh samphire. (c) A seashore shrub (Borrichia arborescens) of the West Indies. Golden samphire. See under Golden.
SAMPLE Sam"ple, n. Etym: [OE. sample, asaumple, OF. essample, example, fr. L. exemplum. See Example, and cf. Ensample, Sampler.]
1. Example; pattern. [Obs.] Spenser. "A sample to the youngest." Shak. Thus he concludes, and every hardy knight His sample followed. Fairfax.
2. A part of anything presented for inspection, or shown as evidence of the quality of the whole; a specimen; as, goods are often purchased by samples. I design this but for a sample of what I hope more fully to discuss. Woodward.
Syn. -- Specimen; example. See Specimen.
SAMPLE Sam"ple, v. t.
1. To make or show something similar to; to match. Bp. Hall.
2. To take or to test a sample or samples of; as, to sample sugar, teas, wools, cloth.
SAMPLER Sam"pler, n. Etym: [See Exampler, Exemplar.]
1. One who makes up samples for inspection; one who examines samples, or by samples; as, a wool sampler.
2. A pattern; a specimen; especially, a collection of needlework patterns, as letters, borders, etc., to be used as samples, or to display the skill of the worker. Susie dear, bring your sampler and Mrs. Schumann will show you how to make that W you bothered over. E. E. Hale.
SAMSHOO; SAMSHU Sam"shoo, Sam"shu (, n. Etym: [Chinese san-shao thrice fired.]
Defn: A spirituous liquor distilled by the Chinese from the yeasty liquor in which boiled rice has fermented under pressure. S. W. Williams.
SAMSON Sam"son, n.
Defn: An Israelite of Bible record (see Judges xiii.), distinguished for his great strength; hence, a man of extraordinary physical strength. Samson post. (a) (Naut.) A strong post resting on the keelson, and supporting a beam of the keelson, and supporting a beam of the deck; also, a temporary or movable pilar carrying a leading block or pulley for various purposes. Brande & C. (b) In deepwell boring, the post which supports the walking beam of the apparatus.
SAMURAI Sa"mu*rai`, n. pl. & sing. [Jap.]
Defn: In the former feudal system of Japan, the class or a member of the class, of military retainers of the daimios, constituting the gentry or lesser nobility. They possessed power of life and death over the commoners, and wore two swords as their distinguishing mark. Their special rights and privileges were abolished with the fall of feudalism in 1871.
SANABILITY San`a*bil"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being sanable; sanableness; curableness.
SANABLE San"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. sanabilis, fr. sanare to heal, fr. sanus sound, healthy. See Sane.]
Defn: Capable of being healed or cured; susceptible of remedy.
Syn. -- Remediable; curable; healable.
SANABLENESS San"a*ble*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being sanable.
SANATION Sa*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. sanatio. See Sanable.]
Defn: The act of healing or curing. [Obs.] Wiseman.
SANATIVE San"a*tive, a. Etym: [LL. sanativus.]
Defn: Having the power to cure or heal; healing; tending to heal; sanatory. -- San"a*tive*ness, n.
SANATORIUM San`a*to"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Sanatory.]
Defn: An establishment for the treatment of the sick; a resort for invalids. See Sanitarium.
SANATORY San"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [LL. sanatorius, fr. L. sa to heal. See Sanable.]
Defn: Conducive to health; tending to cure; healing; curative; sanative. Sanatory ordinances for the protection of public health, such as quarantine, fever hospitals, draining, etc. De Quincey.
Note: Sanatory and sanitary should not be confounded. Sanatory signifies conducive to health, while sanitary has the more general meaning of pertaining to health.
SANBENITO San`be*ni"to, n. Etym: [Sp. & Pg. sambenito, contr. from L. saccus sack + benedictus blessed.]
1. Anciently, a sackcloth coat worn by penitens on being reconciled to the church.
2. A garnment or cap, or sometimes both, painted with flames, figures, etc., and worn by persons who had been examined by the Inquisition and were brought forth for punishment at the auto-da-fé.
SANCE-BELL; SANCTE BELL Sance"-bell", Sanc"te bell", n.
Defn: See Sanctus bell, under Sanctus.
SANCHO San"cho, n. [Sp., a proper name.] (Card Playing)
Defn: The nine of trumps in sancho pedro.
SANCHO PEDRO Sancho pedro. [Sp. Pedro Peter.] (Card Playing)
Defn: A variety of auction pitch in which the nine (sancho) and five (pedro) of trumps are added as counting cards at their pip value, and the ten of trumps counts game.
SANCTIFICATE Sanc"ti*fi*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. sanctificatus, p.p. of sanctificare.]
Defn: To sanctify. [Obs.] Barrow.
SANCTIFICATION Sanc`ti*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. sanctificatio: cf. F. sanctification.]
1. The act of sanctifying or making holy; the being sanctified or made holy; esp. (Theol.), the act of God's grace by which the affections of men are purified, or alienated from sin and the world, and exalted to, a supreme love to God; also, the state of being thus purified or sanctified. God hath from the baginning chosen you to salvation through sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth. 2 Thess. ii. 13.
2. The act of consecrating, or of setting apart, for a sacred purpose; consecration. Bp. Burnet.
SANCTIFIED Sanc"ti*fied, a.
Defn: Made holy; also, made to have the air of sanctity; sanctimonious.
SANCTIFIER Sanc"ti*fi`er, n.
Defn: One who sanctifies, or makes holy; specifically, the Holy Spirit.
SANCTIFY Sanc"ti*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sanctified; p. pr. & vb. n. Sanctifying.] Etym: [F. sanctifier, L. sanctificare; sanctus holy + - ficare (in comp.) to make. See Saint, and -fy.]
1. To make sacred or holy; to set apart to a holy or religious use; to consecrate by appropriate rites; to hallow. God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it. Gen. ii. 3. Moses . . . sanctified Aaron and his garnment. Lev. viii. 30.
2. To make free from sin; to cleanse from moral corruption and pollution; to purify. Sanctify them through thy truth. John xvii. 17.
3. To make efficient as the means of holiness; to render productive of holiness or piety. A means which his mercy hath sanctified so to me as to make me repent of that unjust act. Eikon Basilike.
4. To impart or impute sacredness, venerableness, inviolability, title to reverence and respect, or the like, to; to secure from violation; to give sanction to. The holy man, amazed at what he saw, Made haste to sanctify the bliss by law. Dryden. Truth guards the poet, sanctifies the line. Pope.
SANCTIFYINGLY Sanc"ti*fy`ing*ly, adv.
Defn: In a manner or degree tending to sanctify or make holy.
SANCTILOQUENT Sanc*til"o*quent, a. Etym: [L. sanctus holy + loquens, p. pr. of loqui to speak.]
Defn: Discoursing on heavenly or holy things, or in a holy manner.
SANCTIMONIAL Sanc`ti*mo"ni*al, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. sanctimonialis. ]
Defn: Sanctimonius. [Obs.]
SANCTIMONIOUS Sanc`ti*mo"ni*ous, a. Etym: [See Sanctimony.]
1. Possessing sanctimony; holy; sacred; saintly. Shak.
2. Making a show of sanctity; affecting saintliness; hypocritically devout or pious. "Like the sanctimonious pirate." Shak. -- Sanc`ti*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. -- Sanc`ti*mo"ni*ous*ness, n.
SANCTIMONY Sanc"ti*mo*ny, n. Etym: [L. sanctimonia, fr. sanctus holy: cf. OF. sanctimonie. See Saint.]
Defn: Holiness; devoutness; scrupulous austerity; sanctity; especially, outward or artificial saintliness; assumed or pretended holiness; hypocritical devoutness. Her pretense is a pilgrimage; . . . which holy undertaking with most austere sanctimony she accomplished. Shak.
SANCTION Sanc"tion, n. Etym: [L. sanctio, from sancire, samctum to render sacred or inviolable, to fix unalternably: cf. F. sanction. See Saint.]
1. Solemn or ceremonious ratification; an official act of a superior by which he ratifies and gives validity to the act of some other person or body; establishment or furtherance of anything by authority to it; confirmation; approbation. The strictest professors of reason have added the sanction of their testimony. I. Watts.
2. Anything done or said to enforce the will, law, or authority of another; as, legal sanctions.
Syn. -- Ratification; authorization; authoruty; countenance; support.
SANCTION Sanc"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sanctioned; p. pr. & vb. n. Sanctioning.]
Defn: To give sanction to; to ratify; to confirm; to approve. Would have counseled, or even sanctioned, such perilous experiments. De Quincey.
Syn. -- To ratify; confirm; authorize; countenance.
SANCTIONARY Sanc"tion*a*ry, a.
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or giving, sanction.
SANCTITUDE Sanc"ti*tude, a. Etym: [L. sanctitudo.]
Defn: Holiness; sacredness; sanctity. [R.] milton.
SANCTITY Sanc"ti*ty, n.; pl. Sanctities. Etym: [L. sanctitas, from sanctus holy. See Saint.]
1. The state or quality of being sacred or holy; holiness; saintliness; moral purity; godliness. To sanctity she made no pretense, and, indeed, narrowly escaped the imputation of irreligion. Macaulay.
2. Sacredness; solemnity; inviolability; religious binding force; as, the sanctity of an oath.
3. A saint or holy being. [R.] About him all the sanctities of heaven. Milton.
Syn. -- Holiness; godliness; piety; devotion; goodness; purity; religiousness;sacredness; solemnity. See the Note under Religion.
SANCTUARIZE Sanc"tu*a*rize, v. t.
Defn: To shelter by means of a sanctuary or sacred privileges. [Obs.] Shak.
SANCTUARY Sanc"tu*a*ry, n.; pl. Sanctuaries. Etym: [OE. seintuare, OF. saintuaire, F. sanctuaire, fr. L. sanctuarium, from sanctus sacred, holy. See Saint.]
Defn: A sacred place; a consecrated spot; a holy and inviolable site. Hence, specifically: (a) The most retired part of the temple at Jerusalem, called the Holy of Holies, in which was kept the ark of the covenant, and into which no person was permitted to enter except the high priest, and he only once a year, to intercede for the people; also, the most sacred part of the tabernacle; also, the temple at Jerusalem. (b) (Arch.) The most sacred part of any religious building, esp. that part of a Christian church in which the altar is placed. (c) A house consecrated to the worship of God; a place where divine service is performed; a church, temple, or other place of worship. (d) A sacred and inviolable asylum; a place of refuge and protection; shelter; refuge; protection. These laws, whoever made them, bestowed on temples the privelege of sanctuary. Milton . These admirable works of painting were made fuel for the fire; but some relics of it took sanctuary under ground, and escaped the common destiny. Dryden. Wildlife sanctuary, a tract of land set aside by law for the preservation of wildlife, in which no hunting is permitted.
SANCTUM Sanc"tum, n. Etym: [L., p.p. of sanctire to consecrate.]
Defn: A sacred place; hence, a place of retreat; a room reserved for personal use; as, an editor's sanctum. Sanctum sanctorum Etym: [L.] , the Holy of Holies; the most holy place, as in the Jewish temple.
SANCTUS Sanc"tus, n. Etym: [L. sanctus, p.p. of sancire.]
1. (Eccl.)
Defn: A part of the Mass, or, in Protestant churches, a part of the communion service, of which the first words in Latin are Sanctus, sanctus, sanctus [Holy, holy, holy]; -- called also Tersanctus.
2. (Mus.)
Defn: An anthem composed for these words. Sanctus bell, a small bell usually suspended in a bell cot at the apex of the nave roof, over the chancel arch, in mediæval churches, but a hand bell is now often used; -- so called because rung at the singing of the sanctus, at the conclusion of the ordinary of the Mass, and again at the elevation of the host. Called also Mass bell, sacring bell, saints' bell, sance- bell, sancte bell.
SAND Sand, n. Etym: [AS. sand; akin to D. zand, G. sand, OHG. sant, Icel. sandr, Dan. & Sw. sand, Gr.
1. Fine particles of stone, esp. of siliceous stone, but not reduced to dust; comminuted stone in the form of loose grains, which are not coherent when wet. That finer matter, called sand, is no other than very small pebbles. Woodsward.
2. A single particle of such stone. [R.] Shak.
3. The sand in the hourglass; hence, a moment or interval of time; the term or extent of one's life. The sands are numbered that make up my life. Shak.
4. pl.
Defn: Tracts of land consisting of sand, like the deserts of Arabia and Africa; also, extensive tracts of sand exposed by the ebb of the tide. "The Libyan sands." Milton. "The sands o'Dee." C. Kingsley.
5. Courage; pluck; grit. [Slang] Sand badger (Zoöl.), the Japanese badger (Meles ankuma). -- Sand bag (a) A bag filled with sand or earth, used for various purposes, as in fortification, for ballast, etc. (b) A long bag filled with sand, used as a club by assassins. -- Sand ball, soap mixed with sand, made into a ball for use at the toilet. -- Sand bath. (a) (Chem.) A vessel of hot sand in a laboratory, in which vessels that are to be heated are partially immersed. (b) A bath in which the body is immersed in hot sand. -- Sand bed, a thick layer of sand, whether deposited naturally or artificially; specifically, a thick layer of sand into which molten metal is run in casting, or from a reducing furnace. -- Sand birds (Zoöl.), a collective name for numerous species of limicoline birds, such as the sandpipers, plovers, tattlers, and many others; -- called also shore birds. -- Sand blast, a process of engraving and cutting glass and other hard substances by driving sand against them by a steam jet or otherwise; also, the apparatus used in the process. -- Sand box. (a) A box with a perforated top or cover, for sprinkling paper with sand. (b) A box carried on locomotives, from which sand runs on the rails in front of the driving wheel, to prevent slipping. -- Sand-box tree (Bot.), a tropical American tree (Hura crepitans). Its fruit is a depressed many-celled woody capsule which, when completely dry, bursts with a loud report and scatters the seeds. See Illust. of Regma. -- Sand bug (Zoöl.), an American anomuran crustacean (Hippa talpoidea) which burrows in sandy seabeaches. It is often used as bait by fishermen. See Illust. under Anomura. -- Sand canal (Zoöl.), a tubular vessel having a calcareous coating, and connecting the oral ambulacral ring with the madreporic tubercle. It appears to be excretory in function. -- Sand cock (Zoöl.), the redshank. [Prov. Eng.] -- Sand collar. (Zoöl.) Same as Sand saucer, below. -- Sand crab. (Zoöl.) (a) The lady crab. (b) A land crab, or ocypodian. -- Sand crack (Far.), a crack extending downward from the coronet, in the wall of a horse's hoof, which often causes lameness. -- Sand cricket (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large terrestrial crickets of the genus Stenophelmatus and allied genera, native of the sandy plains of the Western United States. -- Sand cusk (Zoöl.), any ophidiod fish. See Illust. under Ophidiod. -- Sand dab (Zoöl.), a small American flounder (Limanda ferruginea); -- called also rusty dab. The name is also applied locally to other allied species. -- Sand darter (Zoöl.), a small etheostomoid fish of the Ohio valley (Ammocrypta pellucida). -- Sand dollar (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small flat circular sea urchins, which live on sandy bottoms, especially Echinarachnius parma of the American coast. -- Sand drift, drifting sand; also, a mound or bank of drifted sand. -- Sand eel. (Zoöl.) (a) A lant, or launce. (b) A slender Pacific Ocean fish of the genus Gonorhynchus, having barbels about the mouth. -- Sand flag, sandstone which splits up into flagstones. -- Sand flea. (Zoöl.) (a) Any species of flea which inhabits, or breeds in, sandy places, especially the common dog flea. (b) the chigoe. (c) Any leaping amphipod crustacean; a beach flea, or orchestian. See Beach flea, under Beach. -- Sand flood, a vast body of sand borne along by the wind. James Bruce. -- Sand fluke. (Zoöl.) (a) The sandnecker. (b) The European smooth dab (Pleuronectes microcephalus); -- called also kitt, marysole, smear dab, town dab. -- Sand fly (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small dipterous flies of the genus Simulium, abounding on sandy shores, especially Simulium nocivum of the United States. They are very troublesome on account of their biting habits. Called also no-see-um, punky, and midge. -- Sand gall (Geol.) See Sand pipe, below. -- Sand grass (Bot.), any species of grass which grows in sand; especially, a tufted grass (Triplasis purpurea) with numerous bearded joints, and acid awl-shaped leaves, growing on the Atlantic coast.
-- Sand grouse (Zoöl.), any one of many species of Old World birds belonging to the suborder Pterocletes, and resembling both grouse and pigeons. Called also rock grouse, rock pigeon, and ganga. They mostly belong to the genus Pterocles, as the common Indian species (P. exustus). The large sand grouse (P. arenarius), the painted sand grouse (P. fasciatus), and the pintail sand grouse (P. alchata) are also found in India. See Illust. under Pterocletes. -- Sand hill, a hill of sand; a dune. -- Sand-hill crane (Zoöl.), the American brown crane (Grus Mexicana). -- Sand hopper (Zoöl.), a beach flea; an orchestian. -- Sand hornet (Zoöl.), a sand wasp. -- Sand lark. (Zoöl.) (a) A small lark (Alaudala raytal), native of India. (b) A small sandpiper, or plover, as the ringneck, the sanderling, and the common European sandpiper. (c) The Australian red-capped dotterel (Ægialophilus ruficapillus); -- called also red- necked plover. -- Sand launce (Zoöl.), a lant, or launce. -- Sand lizard (Zoöl.), a common European lizard (Lacerta agilis). -- Sand martin (Zoöl.), the bank swallow. -- Sand mole (Zoöl.), the coast rat. -- Sand monitor (Zoöl.), a large Egyptian lizard (Monitor arenarius) which inhabits dry localities. -- Sand mouse (Zoöl.), the dunlin. [Prov. Eng.] -- Sand myrtle. (Bot.) See under Myrtle. -- Sand partridge (Zoöl.), either of two small Asiatic partridges of the genus Ammoperdix. The wings are long and the tarsus is spurless. One species (A. Heeji) inhabits Palestine and Arabia. The other species (A. Bonhami), inhabiting Central Asia, is called also seesee partridge, and teehoo. -- Sand picture, a picture made by putting sand of different colors on an adhesive surface. -- Sand pike. (Zoöl.) (a) The sauger. (b) The lizard fish. -- Sand pillar, a sand storm which takes the form of a whirling pillar in its progress in desert tracts like those of the Sahara and Mongolia. -- Sand pipe (Geol.), a tubular cavity, from a few inches to several feet in dept, occurring especially in calcareous rocks, and often filled with gravel, sand, etc.; -- called also sand gall. -- Sand pride (Zoöl.), a small british lamprey now considered to be the young of larger species; -- called also sand prey. -- Sand pump, in artesian well boring, a long, slender bucket with a valve at the bottom for raising sand from the well. -- Sand rat (Zoöl.), the pocket gopher. -- Sand rock, a rock made of cemented sand. -- Sand runner (Zoöl.), the turnstone. -- Sand saucer (Zoöl.), the mass of egg capsules, or oöthecæ, of any mollusk of the genus Natica and allied genera. It has the shape of a bottomless saucer, and is coated with fine sand; -- called also sand collar. -- Sand screw (Zoöl.), an amphipod crustacean (Lepidactylis arenarius), which burrows in the sandy seabeaches of Europe and America. -- Sand shark (Zoöl.), an American shark (Odontaspis littoralis) found on the sandy coasts of the Eastern United States; -- called also gray shark, and dogfish shark. See Illust. under Remora. -- Sand skink (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Old World lizards belonging to the genus Seps; as, the ocellated sand skink (Seps ocellatus) of Southern Europe. -- Sand skipper (Zoöl.), a beach flea, or orchestian. -- Sand smelt (Zoöl.), a silverside. -- Sand snake. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of harmless burrowing snakes of the genus Eryx, native of Southern Europe, Africa, and Asia, especially E. Jaculus of India and E. Johnii, used by snake charmers. (b) Any innocuous South African snake of the genus Psammophis, especially P. sibilans. -- Sand snipe (Zoöl.), the sandpiper. -- Sand star (Zoöl.), an ophiurioid starfish living on sandy sea bottoms; a brittle star. -- Sand storm, a cloud of sand driven violently by the wind. -- Sand sucker, the sandnecker. -- Sand swallow (Zoöl.), the bank swallow. See under Bank. -- Sand tube, a tube made of sand. Especially: (a) A tube of vitrified sand, produced by a stroke of lightning; a fulgurite. (b) (Zoöl.) Any tube made of cemented sand. (c) (Zoöl. ) In starfishes, a tube having calcareous particles in its wall, which connects the oral water tube with the madreporic plate. -- Sand viper. (Zoöl.) See Hognose snake. -- Sand wasp (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of hymenopterous insects belonging to the families Pompilidæ and Spheridæ, which dig burrows in sand. The female provisions the nest with insects or spiders which she paralyzes by stinging, and which serve as food for her young.
SAND Sand, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Sanding.]
1. To sprinkle or cover with sand.
2. To drive upon the sand. [Obs.] Burton.
3. To bury (oysters) beneath drifting sand or mud.
4. To mix with sand for purposes of fraud; as, to sand sugar. [Colloq.]
SANDAL San"dal, n.
Defn: Same as Sendal. Sails of silk and ropes of sandal. Longfellow.
SANDAL San"dal, n.
Defn: Sandalwood. "Fans of sandal." Tennyson.
SANDAL San"dal, n. Etym: [F. sandale, L. sandalium, Gr. sandal.] (a) A kind of shoe consisting of a sole strapped to the foot; a protection for the foot, covering its lower surface, but not its upper. (b) A kind of slipper. (c) An overshoe with parallel openings across the instep.
SANDALED San"daled, a.
1. Wearing sandals. The measured footfalls of his sandaled feet. Longfellow.
2. Made like a sandal.
SANDALIFORM San*dal"i*form, a. Etym: [Sandal + -form.] (Bot.)
Defn: Shaped like a sandal or slipper.
SANDALWOOD San"dal*wood, n. Etym: [F. sandal, santal, fr. Ar. çandal, or Gr. sa`ntalon; both ultimately fr. Skr. candana. Cf. Sanders.] (Bot.) (a) The highly perfumed yellowish heartwood of an East Indian and Polynesian tree (Santalum album), and of several other trees of the same genus, as the Hawaiian Santalum Freycinetianum and S. pyrularium, the Australian S. latifolium, etc. The name is extended to several other kinds of fragrant wood. (b) Any tree of the genus Santalum, or a tree which yields sandalwood. (c) The red wood of a kind of buckthorn, used in Russia for dyeing leather (Rhamnus Dahuricus). False sandalwood, the fragrant wood of several trees not of the genus Santalum, as Ximenia Americana, Myoporum tenuifolium of Tahiti. -- Red sandalwood, a heavy, dark red dyewood, being the heartwood of two leguminous trees of India (Pterocarpus santalinus, and Adenanthera pavonina); -- called also red sanderswood, sanders or saunders, and rubywood.
SANDARACH; SANDARAC San"da*rach, San"da*rac, (, n. Etym: [L. sandaraca, Gr.
1. (Min.)
Defn: Realgar; red sulphide of arsenic. [Archaic]
2. (Bot. Chem.)
Defn: A white or yellow resin obtained from a Barbary tree (Callitris quadrivalvis or Thuya articulata), and pulverized for pounce; -- probably so called from a resemblance to the mineral.
SANDBAGGER Sand"bag`ger, n.
Defn: An assaulter whose weapon is a sand bag. See Sand bag, under Sand.
SAND-BLIND Sand"-blind", a. Etym: [For sam blind half blind; AS. sam- half (akin to semi-) + blind.]
Defn: Having defective sight; dim-sighted; purblind. Shak.
SANDED Sand"ed, a.
1. Covered or sprinkled with sand; sandy; barren. Thomson.
2. Marked with small spots; variegated with spots; speckled; of a sandy color, as a hound. Shak.
3. Short-sighted. [Prov. Eng.]
SANDEMANIAN San`de*ma"ni*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
Defn: A follower of Robert Sandeman, a Scotch sectary of the eighteenth century. See Glassite.
SANDEMANIANISM San`de*ma"ni*an*ism, n.
Defn: The faith or system of the Sandemanians. A. Fuller.
SANDERLING San"der*ling, n. Etym: [Sand + 0ling. So called because it obtains its food by searching the moist sands of the seashore.] (Zo\'94l.)
Defn: A small gray and brown sandpiper (Calidris arenaria) very common on sandy beaches in America, Europe, and Asia. Called also curwillet, sand lark, stint, and ruddy plover.
SANDERS San"ders, n. Etym: [See Sandal.]
Defn: An old name of sandalwood, now applied only to the red sandalwood. See under Sandalwood.
SANDERS-BLUE San"ders-blue", n.
Defn: See Saundersblue.
SANDEVER San"de*ver, n.
Defn: See Sandiver. [Obs.]
SANDFISH Sand"fish`, n. (Zo\'94l.)
Defn: A small marine fish of the Pacific coast of North America (Trichodon trichodon) which buries itself in the sand.
SANDGLASS Sand"glass`, n.
Defn: An instrument for measuring time by the running of sand. See Hourglass.
SANDHILLER Sand"hill`er, n.
Defn: A nickname given to any "poor white" living in the pine woods which cover the sandy hills in Georgia and South Carolina. [U.S.]
SANDINESS Sand"i*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being sandy, or of being of a sandy color.
SANDISH Sand"ish, a.
Defn: Approaching the nature of sand; loose; not compact. [Obs.] Evelyn.
SANDIVER San"di*ver, n. Etym: [Perh. fr. OF. sa\'8bn grease, fat + de of + verre glass (cf. Saim), or fr. F. sel de verre sandiver.]
Defn: A whitish substance which is cast up, as a scum, from the materials of glass in fusion, and, floating on the top, is skimmed off; -- called also glass gall. [Formerly written also sandever.]
SANDIX San"dix, n. Etym: [L. sandix, sandyx, vermilion, or a color like vermilion, Gr.
Defn: A kind of minium, or red lead, made by calcining carbonate of lead, but inferior to true minium. [Written also sandyx.] [Obs.]
SAND-LOT Sand"-lot`, a.
Defn: Lit., of or pert. to a lot or piece of sandy ground, -- hence, pert. to, or characteristic of, the policy or practices of the socialistic or communistic followers of the Irish agitator Denis Kearney, who delivered many of his speeches in the open sand lots about San Francisco; as, the sand-lot constitution of California, framed in 1879, under the influence of sand-lot agitation.
SANDMAN Sand"man`, n.
Defn: A mythical person who makes children sleepy, so that they rub their eyes as if there were sand in them.
SANDNECKER Sand"neck`er, n. (Zo\'94l.)
Defn: A European flounder (Hippoglossoides limandoides); -- called also rough dab, long fluke, sand fluke, and sand sucker.
SANDPAPER Sand"pa`per, n.
Defn: Paper covered on one side with sand glued fast, -- used for smoothing and polishing.
SANDPAPER Sand"pa`per, v. t.
Defn: To smooth or polish with sandpaper; as, to sandpaper a door.
SANDPIPER Sand"pi`per, n.
1. (Zo\'94l.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of small limicoline game birds belonging to Tringa, Actodromas, Ereunetes, and various allied genera of the family Tringid\'91.
Note: The most important North American species are the pestoral sandpiper (Tringa maculata), called also browback, grass snipe, and jacksnipe; the red-backed, or black-breasted, sandpiper, or dunlin (T. alpina); the purple sandpiper (T.maritima: the red-breasted sandpiper, or knot (T. canutus); the semipalmated sandpiper (Ereunetes pusillus); the spotted sandpiper, or teeter-tail (Actitis macularia); the buff-breasted sandpiper (Tryngites subruficollis), and the Bartramian sandpiper, or upland plover. See under Upland. Among the European species are the dunlin, the knot, the ruff, the sanderling, and the common sandpiper (Actitis, or tringoides, hypoleucus), called also fiddler, peeper, pleeps, weet-weet, and summer snipe. Some of the small plovers and tattlers are also called sandpipers.
2. (Zo\'94l.)
Defn: A small lamprey eel; the pride. Curlew sandpiper. See under Curlew. -- Stilt sandpiper. See under Stilt.
SANDPIT Sand"pit`, n.
Defn: A pit or excavation from which sand is or has been taken.
SANDRE San"dre, n. (Zo\'94l.)
Defn: A Russian fish (Lucioperca sandre) which yields a valuable oil, called sandre oil, used in the preparation of caviare.
SANDSTONE Sand"stone`, n.
Defn: A rock made of sand more or less firmly united. Common or siliceous sandstone consists mainly of quartz sand.
Note: Different names are aplied to the various kinds of sandstone according to their composition; as, granitic, argillaceous, micaceous, etc. Flexible sandstone (Min.), the finer-grained variety of itacolumite, which on account of the scales of mica in the lamination is quite flexible. -- Red sandstone, a name given to two extensive series of British rocks in which red sandstones predominate, one below, and the other above, the coal measures. These were formerly known as the Old and the New Red Sandstone respectively, and the former name is still retained for the group preceding the Coal and referred to the Devonian age, but the term New Red Sandstone is now little used, some of the strata being regarded as Permian and the remained as Triassic. See the Chart of Geology.
SANDWICH Sand"wich, n. Etym: [Named from the Earl of Sandwich.]
Defn: Two pieces of bread and butter with a thin slice of meat, cheese, or the like, between them.
SANDWICH Sand"wich, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sandwiched; p. pr. & vb. n. Sandwiching.]
Defn: To make into a sandwich; also, figuratively, to insert between portions of something dissimilar; to form of alternate parts or things, or alternating layers of a different nature; to interlard.
SANDWORM Sand"worm`, n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of numerous species of annelids which burrow in the sand of the seashore. (b) Any species of annelids of the genus Sabellaria. They construct firm tubes of agglutinated sand on rocks and shells, and are sometimes destructive to oysters. (c) The chigoe, a species of flea.
SANDWORT Sand"wort`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: Any plant of the genus Arenaria, low, tufted herbs (order Caryophyllace\'91.)
SANDY Sand"y, a. [Compar. Sandier; superl. Sandiest.] Etym: [AS. sandig.]
1. Consisting of, abounding with, or resembling, sand; full of sand; covered or sprinkled with sand; as, a sandy desert, road, or soil.
2. Of the color of sand; of a light yellowish red color; as, sandy hair.
SANDYX San"dyx, n. Etym: [L.]
Defn: See Sandix.
SANE Sane, a. Etym: [L. sanus; cf. Gr. Sound, a.]
1. Being in a healthy condition; not deranged; acting rationally; -- said of the mind.
2. Mentally sound; possessing a rational mind; having the mental faculties in such condition as to be able to anticipate and judge of the effect of one's actions in an ordinary maner; -- said of persons.
Syn. -- Sound; healthy; underanged; unbroken.
SANENESS Sane"ness, n.
Defn: The state of being sane; sanity.
SANG Sang,
Defn: imp. of Sing.
SANGA; SANGU San"ga, San"gu, n. (Zo\'94l.)
Defn: The Abyssinian ox (Bos or Bibos, Africanus), noted for the great length of its horns. It has a hump on its back.
SANGAREE San`ga*ree", n. Etym: [Sp. sangria, lit., bleeding, from sangre, blood, L. sanguis.]
Defn: Wine and water sweetened and spiced, -- a favorite West Indian drink.
SANG-FROID Sang`-froid", n. Etym: [F., cold blood.]
Defn: Freedom from agitation or excitement of mind; coolness in trying circumstances; indifference; calmness. Burke.
SANGIAC San"gi*ac, n.
Defn: See Sanjak.
SANGRAAL; SANGREAL San`graal", San"gre*al, n. Etym: [See Saint, and Grail.]
Defn: See Holy Grail, under Grail.
SANGUIFEROUS San*guif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. sanguis blood + -ferous.] (Physiol.)
Defn: Conveying blood; as, sanguiferous vessels, i. e., the arteries, veins, capillaries.
SANGUIFICATION San`gui*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sanguification. See Sanguify.] (Physiol.)
Defn: The production of blood; the conversion of the products of digestion into blood; hematosis.
SANGUIFIER San"gui*fi`er, n.
Defn: A producer of blood.
SANGUIFLUOUS San*guif"lu*ous, a. Etym: [L. sanguis blood + fluere to flow.]
Defn: Flowing or running with blood.
SANGUIFY San"gui*fy, v. t. Etym: [L. sanguis blood + -fy: cf. F. sanguifier.]
Defn: To produce blood from.
SANGUIGENOUS San*guig"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. sanguis + -genous.]
Defn: Producing blood; as, sanguigenous food.
SANGUINACEOUS San`gui*na"ceous, n.
Defn: Of a blood-red color; sanguine.
SANGUINARIA San`gui*na"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Sanguinary, a. & n.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of plants of the Poppy family.
Note: Sanguinaria Canadensis, or bloodroot, is the only species. It has a perennial rootstock, which sends up a few roundish lobed leaves and solitary white blossoms in early spring. See Bloodroot.
2. The rootstock of the bloodroot, used in medicine as an emetic, etc.
SANGUINARILY San"gui*na*ri*ly, adv.
Defn: In a sanguinary manner.
SANGUINARINESS San"gui*na*ri*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being sanguinary.
SANGUINARY San"gui*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. sanguinarius, fr. sanguis blood: cf. F.sanguinaire.]
1. Attended with much bloodshed; bloody; murderous; as, a sanguinary war, contest, or battle. We may not propagate religion by wars, or by sanguinary persecutions to force consciences. Bacon.
2. Bloodthirsty; cruel; eager to shed blood. Passion . . . makes us brutal and sanguinary. Broome.
SANGUINARY San"gui*na*ry, n. Etym: [L. herba sanguinaria an herb that stanches blood: cf. F. sanguinaire. See Sanguinary, a.] (Bot.) (a) The yarrow. (b) The Sanguinaria.
SANGUINE San"guine, a. Etym: [F. sanguin, L. sanguineus, fr. sanguis blood. Cf. Sanguineous.]
1. Having the color of blood; red. Of his complexion he was sanguine. Chaucer. Like to that sanguine flower inscribed with woe. Milton.
2. Characterized by abundance and active circulation of blood; as, a sanguine bodily temperament.
3. Warm; ardent; as, a sanguine temper.
4. Anticipating the best; not desponding; confident; full of hope; as, sanguine of success.
Syn. -- Warm; ardent; lively; confident; hopeful.
SANGUINE San"guine, n.
1. Blood color; red. Spenser.
2. Anything of a blood-red, as cloth. [Obs.] In sanguine and in pes he clad was all. Chaucer.
3. (Min.)
Defn: Bloodstone.
4. Red crayon. See the Note under Crayon, 1.
SANGUINE San"guine, v. t.
Defn: To stain with blood; to impart the color of blood to; to ensanguine.
SANGUINE San"guine, adv.
Defn: In a sanguine manner. I can not speculate quite so sanguinely as he does. Burke.
SANGUINELESS San"guine*less, a.
Defn: Destitute of blood; pale. [R.]
SANGUINELY San"guine*ly, adv.
Defn: In a sanguine manner.
I can not speculate quite so sanguinely as he does. Burke.
SANGUINENESS San"guine*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being sanguine.
SANGUINEOUS San*guin"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. sanguineus. See Sanguine.]
1. Abounding with blood; sanguine.
2. Of or pertaining to blood; bloody; constituting blood. Sir T. Browne.
3. Blood-red; crimson. Keats.
SANGUINITY san*guin"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality of being sanguine; sanguineness. Swift.
SANGUINIVOROUS San"gui*niv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. sanguis + vorare to devour.]
Defn: Subsisting on blood.
SANGUINOLENCY San*guin"o*len*cy, n.
Defn: The state of being sanguinolent, or bloody.
SANGUINOLENT San*guin"o*lent, a. Etym: [L. sanguinolentus, from sanguis blood: cf. F. sanguinolent.]
Defn: Tinged or mingled with blood; bloody; as, sanguinolent sputa.
SANGUISUGE San"gui*suge, n. Etym: [L. sanguisuga; sanguis blood + sugere to suck.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A bloodsucker, or leech.
SANGUIVOROUS San*guiv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. sanguis blood + vorare to devour.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Subsisting upon blood; -- said of certain blood-sucking bats and other animals. See Vampire.
SANHEDRIN; SANHEDRIM San"he*drin, San"he*drim, n. Etym: [Heb. sanhedrin, fr. Gr. Sit.] (Jewish Antiq.)
Defn: the great council of the Jews, which consisted of seventy members, to whom the high priest was added. It had jurisdiction of religious matters.
SANHEDRIST San"he*drist, n.
Defn: A member of the sanhedrin. Schaeffer (Lange's Com. ).
SANHITA San"hi*ta, n. Etym: [Skr. samhita, properly, combination.]
Defn: A collection of vedic hymns, songs, or verses, forming the first part of each Veda.
SANICLE San"i*cle, n. Etym: [F., from L. sanare to heal.] (Bot.)
Defn: Any plant of the umbelliferous genus Sanicula, reputed to have healing powers.
SANIDINE San"i*dine, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)
Defn: A variety of orthoclase feldspar common in certain eruptive rocks, as trachyte; -- called also glassy feldspar.
SANIES Sa"ni*es, n. Etym: [L.] (Med.)
Defn: A thin, serous fluid commonly discharged from ulcers or foul wounds.
SANIOUS Sa"ni*ous, a. Etym: [L. sanious, fr. sanies: cf. F. sanieux.]
1. (Med.)
Defn: pertaining to sanies, or partaking of its nature and appearance; thin and serous, with a slight bloody tinge; as, the sanious matter of an ulcer.
2. (med.)
Defn: Discharging sanies; as, a sanious ulcer.
SANITARIAN San`i*ta"ri*an, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to health, or the laws of health; sanitary.
SANITARIAN San`i*ta"ri*an, n.
Defn: An advocate of sanitary measures; one especially interested or versed in sanitary measures.
SANITARIST San"i*ta*rist, n.
Defn: A sanitarian.
SANITARIUM San`i*ta"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Sanitary.]
Defn: A health station or retreat; a sanatorium. "A sanitarium for troops." L. Oliphant.
SANITARY San"i*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. sanitas health: cf. F. sanitaire. See Sanity.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to health; designed to secure or preserve health; relating to the preservation or restoration of health; hygienic; as, sanitary regulations. See the Note under Sanatory. Sanitary Commission. See under Commission.
SANITATION San`i*ta"tion, n.
Defn: The act of rendering sanitary; the science of sanitary conditions; the preservation of health; the use of sanitary measures; hygiene. How much sanitation has advanced during the last half century. H. Hartshorne.
SANITY San"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. saniras, from sanus sound, healthy. See Sane.]
Defn: The condition or quality of being sane; soundness of health of body or mind, especially of the mind; saneness.
SANJAK San"jak, n. Etym: [Turk. sanjag.]
Defn: A district or a subvision of a vilayet. [Turkey]
SAN JOSE SCALE San Jo*sé" scale.
Defn: A very destructive scale insect (Aspidiotus perniciosus) that infests the apple, pear, and other fruit trees. So called because first introduced into the United States at San José, California.
SANK Sank,
Defn: imp. of Sink.
SANKHA Sank"ha, n. Etym: [Skr. çankha a shell.]
Defn: A chank shell (Turbinella pyrum); also, a shell bracelet or necklace made in India from the chank shell.
SANKHYA Sankh"ya, n.
Defn: A Hindoo system of philosophy which refers all things to soul and a rootless germ called prakriti, consisting of three elements, goodness, passion, and darkness. Whitworth.
SANNOP San"nop (sân"nôp), n.
Defn: same as Sannup. Bancroft.
SANNUP San"nup (-nûp), n.
Defn: A male Indian; a brave; -- correlative of squaw.
SANNY San"ny, n.
Defn: The sandpiper. [prov. Eng.]
SANS Sans (sän; E. sânz), prep. Etym: [F., from L. sine without.]
Defn: Without; deprived or destitute of. Rarely used as an English word. "Sans fail." Chaucer. Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything. Shak.
SANSCRIT San"scrit, n.
Defn: See Sanskrit.
SANS-CULOTTE Sans`-cu`lotte" (F. ; E. , n. Etym: [F., without breeches.]
1. A fellow without breeches; a ragged fellow; -- a name of reproach given in the first French revolution to the extreme republican party, who rejected breeches as an emblem peculiar to the upper classes or aristocracy, and adopted pantaloons.
2. Hence, an extreme or radical republican; a violent revolutionist; a Jacobin.
SANS-CULOTTIC Sans`-cu*lot"tic, a.
Defn: pertaining to, or involving, sans-culottism; radical; revolutionary; Jacobinical. Carlyle.
SANS-CULOTTISM Sans`-cu*lot"tism, n. Etym: [F. sans-culottisme.]
Defn: Extreme republican principles; the principles or practice of the sans-culottes.
SANSKRIT San"skrit, n. Etym: [Skr. Samskrsta the Sanskrit language, literally, the perfect, polished, or classical language, fr. samskrsta prepared, wrought, made,excellent, perfect; sam together (akin to E. same) + krsta made. See Same, Create.] [Written also Sanscrit.]
Defn: The ancient language of the Hindoos, long since obsolete in vernacular use, but preserved to the present day as the literary and sacred dialect of India. It is nearly allied to the Persian, and to the principal languages of Europe, classical and modern, and by its more perfect preservation of the roots and forms of the primitive language from which they are all descended, is a most important assistance in determining their history and relations. Cf. Prakrit, and Veda.
SANSKRIT San"skrit, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Sanskrit; written in Sanskrit; as, a Sanskrit dictionary or inscription.
SANSKRITIC San*skrit"ic, a.
Defn: Sanskrit.
SANSKRITIST San"skrit*ist, n.
Defn: One versed in Sanskrit.
SANS-SOUCI Sans`-sou`ci, adv. Etym: [F.]
Defn: Without care; free and easy.
SANTAL San"tal, n. Etym: [Santalum + piperonal.] (Chem.)
Defn: A colorless crystalline substance, isomeric with piperonal, but having weak acid properties. It is extracted from sandalwood.
SANTALACEOUS San`ta*la"ceous, a. (Bot.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Santalaceæ), of which the genus Santalum is the type, and which includes the buffalo nut and a few other North American plants, and many peculiar plants of the southern hemisphere.
SANTALIC San*tal"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, sandalwood (Santalum); -- used specifically to designate an acid obtained as a resinous or red crystalline dyestuff, which is called also santalin.
SANTALIN San"ta*lin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. santaline.] (Chem.)
Defn: Santalic acid. See Santalic.
SANTALUM San"ta*lum, n. Etym: [NL. See Sandalwood.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of trees with entire opposite leaves and small apetalous flowers. There are less than a dozen species, occuring from India to Australia and the Pacific Islands. See Sandalwood.
SANTEES San`tees", n. pl.; sing. Santee (. (Ethnol.)
Defn: One of the seven confederated tribes of Indians belonging to the Sioux, or Dakotas.
SANTER San"ter, v. i.
Defn: See Saunter.
SANTON San"ton, n. Etym: [Sp. santon, augment fr. santo holy, L. sanctus.]
Defn: A Turkish saint; a kind of dervish, regarded by the people as a saint: also, a hermit.
SANTONATE San"to*nate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of santonic acid.
SANTONIC San*ton"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid (distinct from santoninic acid) obtained from santonin as a white crystalline substance.
SANTONIN San"to*nin, n. Etym: [L. herba santonica, a kind of plant, fr. Santoni a people of Aquitania; cf. Gr. santonine.] (Chem.)
Defn: A white crystalline substance having a bitter taste, extracted from the buds of levant wormseed and used as an anthelmintic. It occassions a peculiar temporary color blindness, causing objects to appear as if seen through a yellow glass.
SANTONINATE San"to*nin`ate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of santoninic acid.
SANTONINIC San`to*nin"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to santonin; -- used specifically to designate an acid not known in the free state, but obtained in its salts.
SAO Sa"o, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any marine annelid of the genus Hyalinæcia, especially H. tubicola of Europe, which inhabits a transparent movable tube resembling a quill in color and texture.
SAP Sap, n. Etym: [AS. sæp; akin to OHG. saf, G. saft, Icel. safi; of uncertain origin; possibly akin to L. sapere to taste, to be wise, sapa must or new wine boiled thick. Cf. Sapid, Sapient.]
1. The juice of plants of any kind, especially the ascending and descending juices or circulating fluid essential to nutrition.
Note: The ascending is the crude sap, the assimilation of which takes place in the leaves, when it becomes the elaborated sap suited to the growth of the plant.
2. The sapwood, or alburnum, of a tree.
3. A simpleton; a saphead; a milksop. [Slang] Sap ball (Bot.), any large fungus of the genus Polyporus. See Polyporus. -- Sap green, a dull light green pigment prepared from the juice of the ripe berries of the Rhamnus catharticus, or buckthorn. It is used especially by water-color artists. -- Sap rot, the dry rot. See under Dry. -- Sap sucker (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small American woodpeckers of the genus Sphyrapicus, especially the yellow-bellied woodpecker (S. varius) of the Eastern United States. They are so named because they puncture the bark of trees and feed upon the sap. The name is loosely applied to other woodpeckers. -- Sap tube (Bot.), a vessel that conveys sap.
SAP Sap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saped; p. pr. & vb. n. Sapping.] Etym: [F. saper (cf. Sp. zapar, It. zapare), fr. sape a sort of scythe, LL. sappa a sort of mattock.]
1. To subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine; to undermine; to destroy the foundation of. Nor safe their dwellings were, for sapped by floods, Their houses fell upon their household gods. Dryden.
2. (Mil.)
Defn: To pierce with saps.
3. To make unstable or infirm; to unsettle; to weaken. Ring out the grief that saps the mind. Tennyson.
SAP Sap, v. i.
Defn: To proceed by mining, or by secretly undermining; to execute saps. W. P. Craighill. Both assaults carried on by sapping. Tatler.
SAP Sap, n. (Mil.)
Defn: A narrow ditch or trench made from the foremost parallel toward the glacis or covert way of a besieged place by digging under cover of gabions, etc. Sap fagot (Mil.), a fascine about three feet long, used in sapping, to close the crevices between the gabions before the parapet is made. -- Sap roller (Mil.), a large gabion, six or seven feet long, filled with fascines, which the sapper sometimes rolls along before him for protection from the fire of an enemy.
SAPADILLO Sap`a*dil"lo, n.
Defn: See Sapodila.
SAPAJO Sap"a*jo, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The sapajou.
SAPAJOU Sap"a*jou, n. Etym: [F. sapajou, sajou, Braz. sajuassu.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of several species of South American monkeys of the genus Cebus, having long and prehensile tails. Some of the species are called also capuchins. The bonnet sapajou (C. subcristatus), the golden-handed sapajou (C. chrysopus), and the white-throated sapajou (C. hypoleucus) are well known species. See Capuchin.
SAPAN WOOD Sa*pan" wood. Etym: [Malay sapang.] (Bot.)
Defn: A dyewood yielded by Cæsalpinia Sappan, a thorny leguminous tree of Southern Asia and the neighboring islands. It is the original Brazil wood. [Written also sappan wood.]
SAPFUL Sap"ful, a.
Defn: Abounding in sap; sappy.
SAPHEAD Sap"head`, n.
Defn: A weak-minded, stupid fellow; a milksop. [Low]
SAPHENOUS Sa*phe"nous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.) (a) Manifest; -- applied to the two principal superficial veins of the lower limb of man. (b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the saphenous veins; as, the saphenous nerves; the saphenous opening, an opening in the broad fascia of the thigh through which the internal saphenous vein passes.
SAPID Sap"id, a. Etym: [L. sapidus, fr. sapere to taste: cf. F. sapide. See Sapient, Savor.]
Defn: Having the power of affecting the organs of taste; possessing savor, or flavor. Camels, to make the water sapid, do raise the mud with their feet. Sir T. Browne.
SAPIDITY Sa*pid"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sapidité.]
Defn: The quality or state of being sapid; taste; savor; savoriness. Whether one kind of sapidity is more effective than another. M. S. Lamson.
SAPIDNESS Sap"id*ness, n.
Defn: Quality of being sapid; sapidity. When the Israelites fancied the sapidness and relish of the fleshpots, they longed to taste and to return. Jer. Taylor.
SAPIENCE Sa"pi*ence, n. Etym: [L. sapientia: cf. F. sapience. See Sapient..]
Defn: The quality of being sapient; wisdom; sageness; knowledge. Cowper. Woman, if I might sit beside your feet, And glean your scattered sapience. Tennyson.
SAPIENT Sa"pi*ent, a. Etym: [L. sapiens, -entis, p.pr. of sapere to taste to have sense, to know. See Sage, a.]
Defn: Wise; sage; discerning; -- often in irony or contempt. Where the sapient king Held dalliance with his fair Egyptian spouse. Milton.
Syn. -- Sage; sagacious; knowing; wise; discerning.
SAPIENTIAL Sa`pi*en"tial, a. Etym: [L. sapientialis.]
Defn: Having or affording wisdom. -- Sa`pi*en"tial*ly, adv. The sapiential books of the Old [Testament]. Jer. Taylor.
SAPIENTIOUS Sa`pi*en"tious, a.
Defn: Sapiential. [Obs.]
SAPIENTIZE Sa"pi*ent*ize, v. t.
Defn: To make sapient. [R.] Coleridge.
SAPIENTLY Sa"pi*ent*ly, adv.
Defn: In a sapient manner.
SAPINDACEOUS Sap`in*da"ceous, a. (Bot.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to an order of trees and shrubs (Sapindaceæ), including the (Typical) genus Sapindus, the maples, the margosa, and about seventy other genera.
SAPINDUS Sa*pin"dus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. sapo soap + Indicus Indian.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of tropical and subtropical trees with pinnate leaves and panicled flowers. The fruits of some species are used instead of soap, and their round black seeds are made into necklaces.
SAPLESS Sap"less, a.
1. Destitute of sap; not juicy.
2. Fig.: Dry, old; husky; withered; spiritless. "A somewhat sapless womanhood." Lowell. Now sapless on the verge of death he stands. Dryden.
SAPLING sap"ling, n.
Defn: A young tree. Shak.
SAPODILLA Sap`o*dil"la, n. Etym: [Sp. zapote, sapotillo, zapotillo, Mexican cochit-zapotl. Cf. Sapota.] (Bot.)
Defn: A tall, evergeen, tropical American tree (Achras Sapota); also, its edible fruit, the sapodilla plum. [Written also sapadillo, sappadilo, sappodilla, and zapotilla.] Sapodilla plum (Bot.), the fruit of Achras Sapota. It is about the size of an ordinary quince, having a rough, brittle, dull brown rind, the flesh being of a dirty yellowish white color, very soft, and deliciously sweet. Called also naseberry. It is eatable only when it begins to be spotted, and is much used in desserts.
SAPOGENIN Sa*pog"e*nin, n. Etym: [Saponin + -gen + in.] (Chem.)
Defn: A white crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of saponin.
SAPONACEOUS Sap`o*na"ceous, a. Etym: [L. sapo, -onis, soap, of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. soap. See Soap.]
Defn: Resembling soap; having the qualities of soap; soapy.
Note: Saponaceous bodies are compounds of an acid and a base, and are in reality a kind of salt.
SAPONACITY Sap`o*nac"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being saponaceous.
SAPONARY Sap"o*na*ry, a.
Defn: Saponaceous. Boyle.
SAPONIFIABLE Sa*pon*i*fi`a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of conversion into soap; as, a saponifiable substance.
SAPONIFICATION Sa*pon`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. saponification. See Saponify.]
Defn: The act, process, or result, of soap making; conversion into soap; specifically (Chem.), the decomposition of fats and other ethereal salts by alkalies; as, the saponification of ethyl acetate.
SAPONIFIER Sa*pon"i*fi`er, n. (Chem.)
Defn: That which saponifies; any reagent used to cause saponification.
SAPONIFY Sa*pon"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saponified; p. pr. & vb. n. Saponifying.] Etym: [L. sapo, -onis, soap + -fy: cf. F. saponifier.]
Defn: To convert into soap, as tallow or any fat; hence (Chem.), to subject to any similar process, as that which ethereal salts undergo in decomposition; as, to saponify ethyl acetate.
SAPONIN Sap"o*nin, n. Etym: [L. sapo, -onis soap: cf. F. saponine.] (Chem.)
Defn: A poisonous glucoside found in many plants, as in the root of soapwort (Saponaria), in the bark of soap bark (Quillaia), etc. It is extracted as a white amorphus powder, which occasions a soapy lather in solution, and produces a local anæstesia. Formerly called also struthiin, quilaiin, senegin, polygalic acid, etc. By extension, any one of a group of related bodies of which saponin proper is the type.
SAPONITE Sap"o*nite, n. Etym: [Sw. saponit, fr. L. sapo, -onis, soap.] (Min.)
Defn: A hydrous silicate of magnesia and aluminia. It occurs in soft, soapy, amorphous masses, filling veins in serpentine and cavities in trap rock.
SAPONUL Sap"o*nul, n. Etym: [F. saponule, fr. L. sapo, -onis, soap.] (Old Chem.)
Defn: A soapy mixture obtained by treating an essential oil with an alkali; hence, any similar compound of an essential oil. [Written also saponule.] [Obs.]
SAPOR Sa"por, n. Etym: [L. See Savor.]
Defn: Power of affecting the organs of taste; savor; flavor; taste. There is some sapor in all aliments. Sir T. Browne.
SAPORIFIC Sap`o*rif"ic, a. Etym: [L. sapor taste + facere to make.]
Defn: Having the power to produce the sensation of taste; producing taste, flavor, or relish.
SAPOROSITY Sap`o*ros"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality of a body by which it excites the sensation of taste.
SAPOROUS Sap"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. saporius that relishes well, savory, fr. sapor taste.]
Defn: Having flavor or taste; yielding a taste. [R.] Bailey.
SAPOTA Sa*po"ta, n. Etym: [NL., from Sp. sapote, zapote. See Sapodilla.] (Bot.)
Defn: The sapodilla.
SAPOTACEOUS Sap`o*ta"ceous, a. (Bot.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order (Sapotaceæ) of (mostly tropical) trees and shrubs, including the star apple, the Lucuma, or natural marmalade tree, the gutta-percha tree (Isonandra), and the India mahwa, as well as the sapodilla, or sapota, after which the order is named.
SAPPAN WOOD Sap*pan" wood".
Defn: Sapan wood.
SAPPARE Sap"pare, n. Etym: [F. sappare; -- so called by Saussure.] (Min.)
Defn: Kyanite. [Written also sappar.]
SAPPER Sap"per, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sapeur.]
Defn: One who saps; specifically (Mil.), one who is employed in working at saps, building and repairing fortifications, and the like.
SAPPHIC Sap"phic, a. Etym: [L. Sapphicus, Gr.
1. Of or pertaining to Sappho, the Grecian poetess; as, Sapphic odes; Sapphic verse.
2. (Pros.)
Defn: Belonging to, or in the manner of, Sappho; -- said of a certain kind of verse reputed to have been invented by Sappho, consisting of five feet, of which the first, fourth, and fifth are trochees, the second is a spondee, and the third a dactyl.
SAPPHIC Sap"phic, n. (Pros.)
Defn: A Sapphic verse.
SAPPHIRE Sap"phire ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [OE. saphir, F. saphir, L. sapphirus, Gr. sappir.]
1. (Min.)
Defn: Native alumina or aluminium sesquioxide, Al2O3; corundum; esp., the blue transparent variety of corundum, highly prized as a gem. of rubies, sapphires, and of pearlés white. Chaucer.
Note: Sapphire occurs in hexagonal crystals and also in granular and massive forms. The name sapphire is usually restricted to the blue crystals, while the bright red crystals are called Oriental rubies (see under Ruby), the amethystine variety Oriental amethyst (see under Amethyst), and the dull massive varieties corundum (a name which is also used as a general term to include all varieties). See Corundum.
2. The color of the gem; bright blue.
3. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any humming bird of the genus Hylocharis, native of South America. The throat and breast are usually bright blue. Star sapphire, or Asteriated sapphire (Min.), a kind of sapphire which exhibits asterism.
SAPPHIRE Sap"phire, a.
Defn: Of or resembling sapphire; sapphire; blue. "The sapphire blaze." Gray.
SAPPHIRINE Sap"phir*ine, n.
Defn: Resembling sapphire; made of sapphire; having the color, or any quality of sapphire. "Sapphirine degree of hardness." Boyle.
SAPPHO Sap"pho, n. Etym: [See Sapphic.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of several species of brilliant South American humming birds of the genus Sappho, having very bright-colored and deeply forked tails; -- called also firetail.
SAPPINESS Sap"pi*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being sappy; juiciness.
SAPPODILLA Sap`po*dil"la, n. (Bot.)
Defn: See Sapodilla.
SAPPY Sap"py, a. [Compar. Sappier; superl. Sappiest.] Etym: [From 1st Sap.]
1. Abounding with sap; full of sap; juisy; succulent.
2. Hence, young, not firm; weak, feeble. When he had passed this weak and sapy age. Hayward.
3. Weak in intellect. [Low]
4. (Bot.)
Defn: Abounding in sap; resembling, or consisting lagerly of, sapwood.
SAPPY Sap"py, a. [Written also sapy.] Etym: [Cf. L. sapere to taste.]
Defn: Musty; tainted. [Obs.]
SAPROPHAGAN Sa*proph"a*gan, n. Etym: [Gr. saprophage.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of a tribe of beetles which feed upon dacaying animal and vegetable substances; a carrion beetle.
SAPROPHAGOUS Sa*proph"a*gous, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Feeding on carrion.
SAPROPHYTE Sap"ro*phyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: Any plant growing on dacayed animal or vegetable matter, as most fungi and some flowering plants with no green color, as the Indian pipe.
SAPROPHYTIC Sap`ro*phyt"ic, a.
Defn: Feeding or growing upon decaying anomal or vegetable matter; pertaining to a saprophyte or the saprophytes.
SAPROPHYTISM Sap"ro*phyt*ism, n.
Defn: State or fact of being saprophytic.
SAPSAGO Sap"sa*go, n. Etym: [G. schabzieger; schaben to shave, to scrape + zieger a sort of hey.]
Defn: A kind of Swiss cheese, of a greenish color, flavored with melilot.
SAPSKULL Sap"skull`, n.
Defn: A saphead. [Low]
SAPUCAIA Sap`u*ca"ia (; Pg. , n. Etym: [Pg. sapucaya.] (Bot.)
Defn: A Brazilian tree. See Lecythis, and Monkey-pot. [Written also sapucaya.] Sapucaia nut (Bot.), the seed of the sapucaia; -- called also paradise nut.
SAPWOOD Sap"wood`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: The alburnum, or part of the wood on any exogenous tree next to the bark, being that portion of the tree through which the sap flows most freely; -- distinguished from Heartwood.
SARABAITE Sar"a*bai*te, n. Etym: [LL. Sarabaïtae, pl.] (Eccl. Hist.)
Defn: One of certain vagrant or heretical Oriental monks in the early church.
SARABAND Sar"a*band, n. Etym: [F. sarabande, Sp. zarabanda, fr. Per. serbend a song.]
Defn: A slow Spanish dance of Saracenic origin, to an air in triple time; also, the air itself. She has brought us the newest saraband from the court of Queen Mab. Sir W. Scott.
SARACEN Sar"a*cen, n. Etym: [l. Saracenus perhaps fr. Ar. sharqi, pl. sharqiin, Oriental Eastern, fr. sharaga to rise, said of the sun: cf. F. sarrasin. Cf. Sarcenet, Sarrasin, Sirocco.]
Defn: Anciently, an Arab; later, a Mussulman; in the Middle Ages, the common term among Christians in Europe for a Mohammedan hostile to the crusaders. Saracen's consound (Bot.), a kind of ragewort (Senecio Saracenicus), anciently used to heal wounds.
SARACENIC; SARACENICAL Sar`a*cen"ic, Sar`a*cen"ic*al, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Saracens; as, Saracenic architecture. "Saracenic music." Sir W. Scott.
SARASIN Sar"a*sin, n. (Arch.)
Defn: See Sarrasin.
SARASWATI Sa`ras*wa"ti, n. Etym: [Skr. Sarasvati.] (Hind. Myth.)
Defn: The sakti or wife of Brahma; the Hindoo goddess of learning, music, and poetry.
SARCASM Sar"casm, n. Etym: [F. sarcasme, L. sarcasmu, Gr.
Defn: A keen, reproachful expression; a satirical remark uttered with some degree of scorn or contempt; a taunt; a gibe; a cutting jest. The sarcasms of those critics who imagine our art to be a matter of inspiration. Sir J. Reynolds.
Syn. -- Satire; irony; ridicule; taunt; gibe.
SARCASMOUS Sar*cas"mous, a.
Defn: Sarcastic. [Obs.] "Sarcasmous scandal." Hubidras.
SARCASTIC; SARCASTICAL Sar*cas"tic, Sar*cas"tic*al, a.
Defn: Expressing, or expressed by, sarcasm; characterized by, or of the nature of, sarcasm; given to the use of sarcasm; bitterly satirical; scornfully severe; taunting. What a fierce and sarcastic reprehension would this have drawn from the friendship of the world! South.
SARCASTICALLY Sar*cas"tic*al*ly, adv.
Defn: In a sarcastic manner.
SARCEL Sar"cel, n. Etym: [OF. cercel, F. cerceau, L. circellus, dim. of circulus. See Circle.]
Defn: One of the outer pinions or feathers of the wing of a bird, esp. of a hawk.
SARCELED Sar"celed, a. (her.)
Defn: Cut through the middle.
SARCELLE Sar`celle", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. querquedula.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The old squaw, or long-tailed duck.
SARCENET Sarce"net, n. Etym: [OF. sacenet; cf. LL. saracenium cloth made by Saracens. See Saracen.]
Defn: A species of fine thin silk fabric, used for linings, etc. [Written also sarsenet.] Thou green sarcenet flap for a sore eye. Shak.
SARCIN Sar"cin, n.
Defn: Same as Hypoxanthin.
SARCINA Sar*ci"na, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)
Defn: A genus of bacteria found in various organic fluids, especially in those those of the stomach, associated with certain diseases. The individual organisms undergo division along two perpendicular partitions, so that multiplication takes place in two directions, giving groups of four cubical cells. Also used adjectively; as, a sarcina micrococcus; a sarcina group. Sarcina form (Biol.), the tetrad form seen in the division of a dumb-bell group of micrococci into four; -- applied particularly to bacteria. See micrococcus.
SARCLE Sar"cle, v. t. Etym: [F. sarcler to weed, fr. L. sarculare to hoe, fr. sarculum hoe.]
Defn: To weed, or clear of weeds, with a hoe. [Obs.] Ainsworth.
SARCO; SARCO- Sar"co.
Defn: A combining form from Gr. flesh; as, sarcophagous, flesh- eating; sarcology.
SARCOBASIS Sar*cob"a*sis, n.; pl. Sarcobases. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: A fruit consisting of many dry indehiscent cells, which contain but few seeds and cohere about a common style, as in the mallows.
SARCOBLAST Sar"co*blast, n. Etym: [Sarco- + -blast.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A minute yellowish body present in the interior of certain rhizopods.
SARCOCARP Sar"co*carp, n. Etym: [Sacro- + Gr. sarcocarpe.] (Bot.)
Defn: the fleshy part of a stone fruit, situated between the skin, or epicarp, and the stone, or endocarp, as in a peach. See Illust. of Endocarp.
Note: The term has also been used to denote, any fruit which is fleshy throughout. M. T. Masters.
SARCOCELE Sar"co*cele, n. Etym: [Gr. sacrocèle.] (Med.)
Defn: Any solid tumor of the testicle.
SARCOCOL; SARCOCOLLA Sar"co*col, Sar`co*col"la, n. Etym: [L. sarcoccolla, from Gr. sacrocolle.]
Defn: A gum resin obtained from certain shrubs of Africa (Penæa), -- formerly thought to cause healing of wounds and ulcers.
SARCODE Sar"code, n. Etym: [Gr. Sarcoid.] (Biol.)
Defn: A name applied by Dujardin in 1835 to the gelatinous material forming the bodies of the lowest animals; protoplasm.
SARCODERM; SARCODERMA Sar"co*derm, sar`co*der"ma, n. Etym: [NL. sacroderma. See Sarco-, and Derm.] (Bot.) (a) A fleshy covering of a seed, lying between the external and internal integuments. (b) A sarcocarp.
SARCODIC Sar*cod"ic ( or ), a. (Biol.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to sarcode.
SARCOID Sar"coid, a. Etym: [Gr. Sarcode.] (Biol.)
Defn: Resembling flesh, or muscle; composed of sarcode.
SARCOLACTIC Sar`co*lac"tic, a. Etym: [Sarco- + lactic.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Defn: relating to muscle and milk; as, sarcolactic acid. See Lactic acid, under Lactic.
SARCOLEMMA Sar`co*lem"ma, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Anat.)
Defn: The very thin transparent and apparently homogenous sheath which incloses a striated muscular fiber; the myolemma.
SARCOLINE Sar"co*line, a. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)
Defn: Flesh-colored.
SARCOLOGIC; SARCOLOGICAL Sar`co*log"ic, Sar`co*log"ic*al, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to sarcology.
SARCOLOGY Sar*col"o*gy, n. Etym: [Sarco- + -logy: cf. F. sarcologie.]
Defn: That part of anatomy which treats of the soft parts. It includes myology, angiology, neurology, and splanchnology.
SARCOMA Sar*co"ma, n.; pl. L. Sarcomata (# or #), E. sarcomas. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Med.)
Defn: A tumor of fleshy consistence; -- formerly applied to many varieties of tumor, now restricted to a variety of malignant growth made up of cells resembling those of fetal development without any proper intercellular substance.
SARCOMATOUS Sar*com"a*tous ( or ), a. (Med.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to sarcoma; resembling sarcoma.
SARCOPHAGA Sar*coph"a*ga, n. pl. Etym: [NL., neut. pl. See Sarcophagus.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A suborder of carnivorous and insectivorous marsupials including the dasyures and the opossums.
SARCOPHAGA Sar*coph"a*ga, n. Etym: [NL., frm. sing. See Sarcophagus.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of Diptera, including the flesh flies.
SARCOPHAGAN Sar*coph"a*gan, n.
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any animal which eats flesh, especially any carnivorous marsupial.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any fly of the genus Sarcophaga.
SARCOPHAGOUS Sar*coph"a*gous, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Feeding on flesh; flesh-eating; carnivorous.
SARCOPHAGUS Sar*coph"a*gus, n.; pl. L. Sarcophagi, E. Sarcophaguses. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Sarcasm.]
1. A species of limestone used among the Greeks for making coffins, which was so called because it consumed within a few weeks the flesh of bodies deposited in it. It is otherwise called lapis Assius, or Assian stone, and is said to have been found at Assos, a city of Lycia. Holland.
2. A coffin or chest-shaped tomb of the kind of stone described above; hence, any stone coffin.
3. A stone shaped like a sarcophagus and placed by a grave as a memorial.
SARCOPHAGY Sar*coph"a*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. Sarcophagus.]
Defn: The practice of eating flesh.
SARCOPHILE Sar"co*phile, n. Etym: [Sacro- + Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A flesh-eating animal, especially any one of the carnivorous marsupials.
SARCOPTES Sar*cop"tes, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of parasitic mites including the itch mites.
SARCOPTID Sar*cop"tid, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any species of the genus Sarcoptes and related genera of mites, comprising the itch mites and mange mites. -- a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to the itch mites.
SARCORHAMPHI Sar`co*rham"phi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A division of raptorial birds composing the vultures.
SARCOSEPTUM Sar`co*sep"tum, n.; pl. Sarcosepta. Etym: [Sarco- + septum.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the mesenteries of an anthozoan.
SARCOSIN Sar"co*sin, n. (Physiol. Chem.)
Defn: A crystalline nitrogenous substance, formed in the decomposition of creatin (one of the constituents of muscle tissue). Chemically, it is methyl glycocoll.
SARCOSIS Sar*co"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) (a) Abnormal formation of flesh. (b) Sarcoma.
SARCOTIC Sar*cot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. sarcotique.] (Med.)
Defn: Producing or promoting the growth of flesh. [R.] -- n.
Defn: A sarcotic medicine. [R.]
SARCOUS Sar"cous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)
Defn: Fleshy; -- applied to the minute stryctural elements, called sarcous elements, or sarcous disks, of which striated muscular fiber is composed.
SARCULATION Sar`cu*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. sarculatio. See Sarcle.]
Defn: A weeding, as with a hoe or a rake.
SARD Sard, n. Etym: [L. sarda, Gr. sarde. Cf. Sardius.] (Min.)
Defn: A variety of carnelian, of a rich reddish yellow or brownish red color. See the Note under Chalcedony.
SARDACHATE Sar"da*chate, n. Etym: [L. sardachates: cf. F. Sardachate. See Sard, and Agate.] (Min.)
Defn: A variety of agate containing sard.
SARDAN; SARDEL Sar"dan, Sar"del, n. Etym: [It. sardella. See Sardine a fish.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A sardine. [Obs.]
SARDEL Sar"del, n.
Defn: A precious stone. See Sardius.
SARDINE Sar"dine ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [F. sardine (cf. Sp. sardina, sarda, It. sardina, sardella), L. sardina, sarda; cf. Gr. sardinia, Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of several small species of herring which are commonly preserved in olive oil for food, especially the pilchard, or European sardine (Clupea pichardus). The California sardine (Clupea sagax) is similar. The American sardines of the Atlantic coast are mostly the young of the common herring and of the menhaden.
SARDINE Sar"dine ( or ; 277), n.
Defn: See Sardius.
SARDINIAN Sar*din"i*an, a. Etym: [L. Sardinianus.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to the island, kingdom, or people of Sardinia. -- n.
Defn: A native or inhabitant of Sardinia.
SARDIUS Sar"di*us, n. Etym: [L. sardius, lapis sardinus, Gr. Sard.]
Defn: A precious stone, probably a carnelian, one of which was set in Aaron's breastplate. Ex. xxviii. 17.
SARDOIN Sar"doin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sardoine.] (Min.)
Defn: Sard; carnelian.
SARDONIAN Sar*do"ni*an, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sardonien.]
Defn: Sardonic. [Obs.] "With Sardonian smile." Spenser.
SARDONIC Sar*don"ic, a. Etym: [F. sardonique, L. sardonius, Gr. Sardinia, Gr.
Defn: Forced; unnatural; insincere; hence, derisive, mocking, malignant, or bitterly sarcastic; -- applied only to a laugh, smile, or some facial semblance of gayety. Where strained, sardonic smiles are glozing still, And grief is forced to laugh against her will. Sir H. Wotton. The scornful, ferocious, sardonic grin of a bloody ruffian. Burke. Sardonic grin or laugh, an old medical term for a spasmodic affection of the muscles of the face, giving it an appearance of laughter.
SARDONIC Sar*don"ic, a.
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a kind of linen made at Colchis.
SARDONYX Sar"do*nyx, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Sard, and Onyx.] (Min.)
Defn: A variety of onyx consisting of sard and white chalcedony in alternate layers.
SAREE Sa"ree, n. Etym: [Hind.
Defn: The principal garment of a Hindoo woman. It consists of a long piece of cloth, which is wrapped round the middle of the body, a portion being arranged to hang down in front, and the remainder passed across the bosom over the left shoulder.
SARGASSO Sar*gas"so, n. Etym: [Sp. sargazo seaweed.] (Bot.)
Defn: The gulf weed. See under Gulf. Sargasso Sea, a large tract of the North Atlantic Ocean where sargasso in great abundance floats on the surface.
SARGASSUM Sar*gas"sum, n. Etym: [NL.]
Defn: A genus of algæ including the gulf weed.
SARGO Sar"go, n. Etym: [Sp. sargo, L. sargus a kind of fish.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of several species of sparoid fishes belonging to Sargus, Pomodasys, and related genera; -- called also sar, and saragu.
SARI Sa"ri, n.
Defn: Same as Saree.
SARIGUE Sa*rigue", n. Etym: [F., from Braz. çarigueia, çarigueira.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A small South American opossum (Didelphys opossum), having four white spots on the face.
SARK Sark, n. Etym: [AS. serce, syrce, ashirt; akin to Icel. serkr, Sw. särk.]
Defn: A shirt. [Scot.]
SARK Sark, v. t. (Carp.)
Defn: To cover with sarking, or thin boards.
SARKIN Sar"kin, n. Etym: [Gr. ( (Physiol. Chem.)
Defn: Same as Hypoxanthin.
SARKING Sark"ing, n. Etym: [From Sark shirt.] (Carp.)
Defn: Thin boards for shealting, as above the rafters, and under the shingles or slates, and for similar purposes.
SARLAC; SARLYK Sar"lac, Sar"lyk, n. Etym: [Mongolian sarlyk.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The yak.
SARMATIAN; SARMATIC Sar*ma"tian, Sar*mat"ic, a. Etym: [L. Sarmaticus.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to Sarmatia, or its inhabitants, the ancestors of the Russians und the Poles.
SARMENT Sar"ment, n. Etym: [L. sarmentum a twig, fr. sarpere to cut off, to trim: cf. F. sarment.] (Bot.)
Defn: A prostrate filiform stem or runner, as of the strawbwrry. See Runner.
SARMENTACEOUS Sar`men*ta"ceous, a. (Bot.)
Defn: Bearing sarments, or runners, as the strawberry.
SARMENTOSE Sar`men*tose" ( or ), a. Etym: [L. sarmentosus: cf. F. sarmenteux. See Sarment.] (Bot.) (a) Long and filiform, and almost naked, or having only leaves at the joints where it strikes root; as, a sarmentose stem. (b) Bearing sarments; sarmentaceous.
SARMENTOUS Sar*men"tous, a. (Bot.)
Defn: Sarmentose.
SARN Sarn, n. Etym: [W. sarn a causeway, paving.]
Defn: A pavement or stepping-stone. [Prov. Eng.] Johnson.
SARONG Sa"rong, n. Etym: [Malay sarung.]
Defn: A sort of petticoat worn by both sexes in Java and the Malay Archipelago. Balfour (Cyc. of India)
SAROS Sa"ros, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Astron)
Defn: A Chaldean astronomical period or cycle, the length of which has been variously estimated from 3,600 years to 3,600 days, or a little short of 10 years. Brande & C.
SARPLAR Sar"plar, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. sarplare. See Sarplier.]
Defn: A large bale or package of wool, containing eighty tods, or 2,240 pounds, in weight. [Eng.]
SARPLIER Sar"plier, n. Etym: [F. serpillière; cf. Pr. sargelheira, LL. serpelleria, serpleria, Catalan sarpallera, Sp. arpillera.]
Defn: A coarse cloth made of hemp, and used for packing goods, etc. [Written also sarpelere.] Tyrwhitt.
SARPO Sar"po, n. Etym: [Corruption of Sp. sapo a toad.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A large toadfish the Southern United States and the Gulf of Mexico (Batrachus tau, var. pardus).
SARRACENIA Sar`ra*ce"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL. So named after a Dr. Sarrazin of Quebec.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of American perrenial herbs growing in bogs; the American pitcher plant.
Note: They have hollow pitcher-shaped or tubular leaves, and solitary flowers with an umbrella-shaped style. Sarracenia purpurea, the sidesaddle flower, is common at the North; S. flava, rubra, Drummondii, variolaris, and psittacina are Southern species. All are insectivorous, catching and drowning insects in their curious leaves. See Illust. of Sidesaddle flower, under Sidesaddle.
SARRASIN; SARRASINE Sar"ra*sin, Sar"ra*sine, n. Etym: [F. sarrasine, LL. saracina. See Saracen.] (Fort.)
Defn: A portcullis, or herse. [Written also sarasin.]
SARSA Sar"sa, n.
Defn: Sarsaparilla. [Written also sarza.]
SARSAPARILLA Sar`sa*pa*ril"la, n. Etym: [Sp. zarzaparrilla; zarza a bramble (perhaps fr. Bisc. zartzia) + parra a vine, or Parillo, a physician said to have discovered it.] (Bot.) (a) Any plant of several tropical American species of Smilax. (b) The bitter mucilaginous roots of such plants, used in medicine and in sirups for soda, etc.
Note: The name is also applied to many other plants and their roots, especially to the Aralia nudicaulis, the wild sarsaparilla of the United States.
SARSAPARILLIN Sar`sa*pa*ril"lin, n.
Defn: See Parillin.
SARSE Sarse, n. Etym: [F. sas, OF. saas, LL. setatium, fr. L. seta a stiff hair.]
Defn: A fine sieve; a searce. [Obs.]
SARSE Sarse, v. t.
Defn: To sift through a sarse. [Obs.]
SARSEN Sar"sen, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain; perhaps for saracen stone, i.e., a heathen or pagan stone or monument.]
Defn: One of the large sandstone blocks scattered over the English chalk downs; -- called also sarsen stone, and Druid stone. [Eng.]
SARSENET Sarse"net, n.
Defn: See Sarcenet.
SART Sart, n.
Defn: An assart, or clearing. [Obs.] Bailey.
SARTORIAL Sar*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [See Sartorius.]
1. Of or pertaining to a tailor or his work. Our legs skulked under the table as free from sartorial impertinences as those of the noblest savages. Lowell.
2. (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to thesartorius muscle.
SARTORIUS Sar*to"ri*us, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. sartor a patcher, tailor, fr. sarcire, sartum, to patch, mend.] (Anat.)
Defn: A muscle of the thigh, called the tailor's muscle, which arises from the hip bone and is inserted just below the knee. So named because its contraction was supposed to produce the position of the legs assumed by the tailor in sitting.
SARUM USE Sa"rum use`. (Ch. of Eng.)
Defn: A liturgy, or use, put forth about 1087 by St. Osmund, bishop of Sarum, based on Anglo-Saxon and Norman customs.
SASH Sash, n. Etym: [Pers. shast a sort of girdle.]
Defn: A scarf or band worn about the waist, over the shoulder, or otherwise; a belt; a girdle, -- worn by women and children as an ornament; also worn as a badge of distinction by military officers, members of societies, etc.
SASH Sash, v. t.
Defn: To adorn with a sash or scarf. Burke.
SASH Sash, n. Etym: [F. sh a frame, sash, fr. sh a shrine, reliquary, frame, L. capsa. See Case a box.]
1. The framing in which the panes of glass are set in a glazed window or door, including the narrow bars between the panes.
2. In a sawmill, the rectangular frame in which the saw is strained and by which it is carried up and down with a reciprocating motion; - - also called gate. French sash, a casement swinging on hinges; -- in distinction from a vertical sash sliding up and down.
SASH Sash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Sashing.]
Defn: To furnish with a sash or sashes; as, to sash a door or a window.
SASHERY Sash"er*y, n. Etym: [From 1st Sash.]
Defn: A collection of sashes; ornamentation by means of sashes. [R.] Distinguished by their sasheries and insignia. Carlyle.
SASHOON Sash"oon, n. Etym: [Etymology uncertain.]
Defn: A kind of pad worn on the leg under the boot. [Obs.] Nares.
SASIN Sa"sin, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The Indian antelope (Antilope bezoartica, or cervicapra), noted for its beauty and swiftness. It has long, spiral, divergent horns.
SASSABY; SASSABYE Sas"sa*by, Sas"sa*bye, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A large African antelope (Alcelaphus tunata), similar to the hartbeest, but having its horns regularly curved.
SASSAFRAS Sas"sa*fras, n. Etym: [F. sassafras (cf. It. sassafrasso, sassafras, Sp. sasafras, salsafras, salsifrax, salsifragia, saxifragia), fr. L. saxifraga saxofrage. See Saxifrage.] (Bot.)
Defn: An American tree of the Laurel family (Sassafras officinale); also, the bark of the roots, which has an aromatic smell and taste. Australian sassafras, a lofty tree (Doryophora Sassafras) with aromatic bark and leaves. -- Chilian sassafras, an aromatic tree (Laurelia sempervirens). -- New Zealand sassafras, a similar tree (Laurelia Novæ Zelandiæ). -- Sassafras nut. See Pichurim bean. -- Swamp sassafras, the sweet bay (Magnolia glauca). See Magnolia.
SASSANAGE Sas"sa*nage, n. Etym: [See Sarse a sieve.]
Defn: Stones left after sifting. Smart.
SASSARARA Sas`sa*ra"ra, n. Etym: [Perh. a corruption of certiorari, the name of a writ.]
Defn: A word used to emphasize a statement. [Obs.] Out she shall pack, with a sassarara. Goldsmith.
SASSE Sasse, n. Etym: [D. sas, fr. F. sas the basin of a waterfall.]
Defn: A sluice or lock, as in a river, to make it more navigable. [Obs.] Pepys.
SASSENACH Sas"sen*ach, n. Etym: [Gael. sasunnach.]
Defn: A Saxon; an Englishman; a Lowlander. [Celtic] Sir W. Scott.
SASSOLIN; SASSOLINE Sas"so*lin, Sas"so*line, n. Etym: [From Sasso, a town in Italy: cf. F. sassolin.] (Min.)
Defn: Native boric acid, found in saline incrustations on the borders of hot springs near Sasso, in the territory of Florence.
SASSOROL; SASSOROLLA Sas"so*rol, Sas`so*rol"la, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The rock pigeon. See under Pigeon.
SASSY BARK Sas"sy bark`. (Bot.)
Defn: The bark of a West African leguminous tree (Erythrophlæum Guineense, used by the natives as an ordeal poison, and also medicinally; -- called also mancona bark.
SASTRA Sas"tra, n.
Defn: Same as Shaster.
SASTRUGI Sas*tru"gi.
Defn: Incorrect, but common, var. of Zastrugi.
SAT Sat,
Defn: imp. of Sit. [Written also sate.]
SATAN Sa"tan, n. Etym: [Heb. satan an adversary, fr. satan to be adverse, to persecute: cf. GR. Satan, Satanas.]
Defn: The grand adversary of man; The Devil, or Prince of darkness; the chief of the fallen angels; the archfiend. I beheld Satan as lightning fall from heaven. Luke x. 18.
SATANIC; SATANICAL Sa*tan"ic, Sa*tan"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. satanique, GR.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Satan; having the qualities of Satan; resembling Satan; extremely malicious or wicked; devilish; infernal. "Satanic strength." "Satanic host." Milton. Detest the slander which, with a Satanic smile, exults over the character it has ruined. Dr. T. Dwight. -- Sa*tan"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Sa*tan"ic*al*ness, n.
SATANISM Sa"tan*ism, n.
Defn: The evil and malicious disposition of Satan; a diabolical sprit. [R.]
SATANIST Sa"tan*ist, n.
Defn: A very wicked-person. [R.] Granger.
SATANOPHANY Sa`tan*oph"a*ny, n. Etym: [Satan + Gr.
Defn: An incarnation of Satan; a being possessed by a demon. [R.] O. A. Brownson.
SATCHEL Satch"el n. Etym: [OF. sachel, fr. L. saccellus, dim. of saccus. See Sack a bag.]
Defn: A little sack or bag for carrying papers, books, or small articles of wearing apparel; a hand bag. [Spelled also sachel.] The whining schoolboy with his satchel. Shak.
SATE Sate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sated; p. pr. & vb. n. Sating.] Etym: [Probably shortened fr. satiate: cf. L. satus full. See Satiate.]
Defn: To satisfy the desire or appetite of; to satiate; to glut; to surfeit. Crowds of wanderers sated with the business and pleasure of great cities. Macaulay.
SATE Sate,
Defn: imp. of Sit. But sate an equal guest at every board. Lowell.
SATEEN Sat*een", n. Etym: [Cf. Satin.]
Defn: A kind of dress goods made of cotton or woolen, with a glossy surface resembling satin.
SATELESS Sate"less, a.
Defn: Insatiable. [R.] Young.
SATELLITE Sat"el*lite, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. Stelles, -itis, an attendant.]
1. An attendant attached to a prince or other powerful person; hence, an obsequious dependent. "The satellites of power." I. Disraeli.
2. (Astron.)
Defn: A secondary planet which revolves about another planet; as, the moon is a satellite of the earth. See Solar system, under Solar. Satellite moth (Zoöl.), a handsome European noctuid moth (Scopelosoma satellitia).
SATELLITE Sat"el*lite, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated near; accompanying; as, the satellite veins, those which accompany the arteries.
SATELLITIOUS Sat`el*li"tious, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or consisting of, satellites. [R.] Cheyne.
SATHANAS Sath"an*as, n. [L. Satanas. See Satan]
Defn: Satan. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wyclif.
SATIATE Sa"ti*ate, a. Etym: [L. satiatus, p. p. of satiare to satisfy, from sat, satis, enough. See Sad, a., and cf. Sate.]
Defn: Filled to satiety; glutted; sated; -- followed by with or of. "Satiate of applause." Pope.
SATIATE Sa"ti*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Satiated; p. pr. & vb. n. Satiating.]
1. To satisfy the appetite or desire of; tho feed to the full; to furnish enjoyment to, to the extent of desire; to sate; as, to satiate appetite or sense. These [smells] rather woo the sense than satiate it. Bacon. I may yet survive the malice of my enemies, although they should be satiated with my blood. Eikon Basilike.
2. To full beyond matural desire; to gratify to repletion or loathing; to surfeit; to glut.
3. To saturate. [Obs.] Sir I. Newton.
Syn. -- To satisfy; sate; suffice; cloy; gorge; overfill; surfeit; glut. -- Satiate, Satisfy, Content. These words differ principally in degree. To Content is to make contented, even though every desire or appetite is not fully gratified. To satisfy is to appease fully the longings of desire. To satiate is to fill so completely that it is not possible to receive or enjoy more; hence, to overfill; to cause disgust in. Content with science in the vale of peace. Pope. His whole felicity is endless strife; No peace, no satisfaction, crowns his life. Beaumont. He may be satiated, but not satisfied. Norris.
SATIATION Sa`ti*a"tion, n.
Defn: Satiety.
SATIETY Sa*ti"e*ty, n. Etym: [L. satietas, from satis, sat, enough: cf. F. satiété.]
Defn: The state of being satiated or glutted; fullness of gratification, either of the appetite or of any sensual desire; fullness beyond desire; an excess of gratification which excites wearisomeness or loathing; repletion; satiation. In all pleasures there is satiety. Hakewill. But thy words, with grace divine Imbued, bring to their sweetness no satiety. Milton.
Syn. -- Repletion; satiation; surfeit; cloyment.
SATIN Sat"in, n. Etym: [F. satin (cf. Pg. setim), fr. It. setino, from seta silk, L. saeta, seta, a thick, stiff hair, a bristle; or possibly ultimately of Chinese origin; cf. Chin. sz-tün, sz-twan. Cf. Sateen.]
Defn: A silk cloth, of a thick, close texture, and overshot woof, which has a glossy surface. Cloths of gold and satins rich of hue. Chaucer. Denmark satin, a kind of lasting; a stout worsted stuff, woven with a satin twill, used for women's shoes. -- Farmer's satin. See under Farmer. -- Satin bird (Zoöl.), an Australian bower bird. Called also satin grackle. -- Satin flower (Bot.) See Honesty, 4. -- Satin spar. (Min.) (a) A fine fibrous variety of calcite, having a pearly luster. (b) A similar variety of gypsum. -- Satin sparrow (Zoöl.), the shining flycatcher (Myiagra nitida) of Tasmania and Australia. The upper surface of the male is rich blackish green with a metallic luster. -- Satin stone, satin spar.
SATINET Sat`i*net", n. Etym: [F., fr. satin. See Satin.]
1. A thin kind of satin.
2. A kind of cloth made of cotton warp and woolen filling, used chiefly for trousers.
SATINETTE Sat`i*nette", n.
Defn: One of a breed of fancy frilled pigeons allied to the owls and turbits, having the body white, the shoulders tricolored, and the tail bluish black with a large white spot on each feather.
SATIN WEAVE Sat"in weave.
Defn: A style of weaving producing smooth-faced fabric in which the warp interlaces with the filling at points distributed over the surface.
SATINWOOD sat"in*wood`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: The hard, lemon-colored, fragrant wood of an East Indian tree (Chloroxylon Swietnia). It takes a lustrous finish, and is used in cabinetwork. The name is also given to the wood of a species of prickly ash (Xanthoxylum Caribæum) growing in Florida and the West Indies.
SATINY Sat"in*y, a.
Defn: Like or composed of satin; glossy; as, to have a satiny appearance; a satiny texture.
SATION Sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. satio, fr. serere, satum, to sow.]
Defn: A sowing or planting. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
SATIRE Sat"ire (; in Eng. often , n. Etym: [L. satira, satura, fr. satura (sc. lanx) a dish filled with various kinds of fruits, food composed of various ingredients, a mixture, a medley, fr. satur full of food, sated, fr. sat, satis, enough: cf. F. satire. See Sate, Sad, a., and cf. Saturate.]
1. A composition, generally poetical, holding up vice or folly to reprobation; a keen or severe exposure of what in public or private morals deserves rebuke; an invective poem; as, the Satires of Juvenal.
2. Keeness and severity of remark; caustic exposure to reprobation; trenchant wit; sarcasm.
Syn. -- Lampoon; sarcasm; irony; ridicule; pasquinade; burlesque; wit; humor.
SATIRIC; SATIRICAL Sa*tir"ic, Sa*tir"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. satiricus: cf. F. satirique.]
1. Of or pertaining to satire; of the nature of satire; as, a satiric style.
2. Censorious; severe in language; sarcastic; insulting. "Satirical rogue." Shak.
Syn. -- Cutting; caustic; poignant; sarcastic; ironical; bitter; reproachful; abusive. -- Sa*tir"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Sa*tir"ic*al*ness, n.
SATIRIST Sat"ir*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. satiriste.]
Defn: One who satirizes; especially, one who writes satire. The mighty satirist, who . . . had spread through the Whig ranks. Macaulay.
SATIRIZE Sat"ir*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Satirized; p. pr. & vb. n. Satirizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. satiriser.]
Defn: To make the object of satire; to attack with satire; to censure with keenness or severe sarcasm. It is as hard to satirize well a man of distinguished vices, as to praise well a man of distinguished virtues. Swift.
SATISFACTION Sat`is*fac"tion, n. Etym: [OE. satisfaccioum, F. satisfaction, fr. L. satisfactio, fr. satisfacere to satisfy. See Satisfy.]
1. The act of satisfying, or the state of being satisfied; gratification of desire; contentment in possession and enjoyment; repose of mind resulting from compliance with its desires or demands. The mind having a power to suspend the execution and satisfaction of any of its desires. Locke.
2. Settlement of a claim, due, or demand; payment; indemnification; adequate compensation. We shall make full satisfaction. Shak.
3. That which satisfies or gratifiles; atonement. Die he, or justice must; unless or him Some other, able, and as willing, pay The rigid satisfaction, death for death. Milton.
Syn. -- Contentment; content; gratification; pleasure; recompence; compensation; amends; remuneration; indemnification; atonement.
SATISFACTIVE Sat`is*fac"tive, a.
Defn: Satisfactory. [Obs.] Satisfactive discernment of fish. Sir T. Browne.
SATISFACTORY Sat`is*fac"to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. satisfactoire.]
1. Giving or producing satisfaction; yielding content; especially, relieving the mind from doubt or uncertainty, and enabling it to rest with confidence; sufficient; as, a satisfactory account or explanation.
2. Making amends, indemnification, or recompense; causing to cease from claims and to rest content; compensating; atoning; as, to make satisfactory compensation, or a satisfactory apology. A most wise and sufficient means of redemption and salvation, by the satisfactory and meritorius death and obedience of the incarnate Son of God, Jesus Christ. Bp. Sanderson. -- Sat`is*fac"to*ri*ty, adv. -- Sat`is*fac"to*ri*ness, n.
SATISFIABLE Sat"is*fi`a*ble, a.
Defn: That may be satisfied.
SATISFIER Sat"is*fi`er, n.
Defn: One who satisfies.
SATISFY Sat"is*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Satisfied; p. pr. & vb. n. Satisfying.] Etym: [OF. satisfier; L. satis enough + -ficare (in comp.) to make; cf. F. satisfaire, L. satisfacere. See Sad, a., and Fact.]
1. In general, to fill up the measure of a want of (a person or a thing); hence, to grafity fully the desire of; to make content; to supply to the full, or so far as to give contentment with what is wished for. Death shall . . . with us two Be forced to satisfy his ravenous maw. Milton.
2. To pay to the extent of chaims or deserts; to give what is due to; as, to satisfy a creditor.
3. To answer or discharge, as a claim, debt, legal demand, or the like; to give compensation for; to pay off; to requitte; as, to satisfy a claim or an execution.
4. To free from doubrt, suspense, or uncertainty; to give assurance to; as, to satisfy one's self by inquiry. The standing evidences of the truth of the gospel are in themselves most firm, solid, and satisfying. Atterbury.
Syn. -- To satiate; sate; content; grafity; compensate. See Satiate.
SATISFY Sat"is*fy, v. i.
1. To give satisfaction; to afford gratification; to leave nothing to be desire.
2. To make payment or atonement; to atone. Milton.
SATISFYINGLY Sat"is*fy`ing*ly, adv.
Defn: So as to satisfy; satisfactorily.
SATIVE Sa"tive, a. Etym: [L. sativus, fr. serere, satum, to sow.]
Defn: Sown; propagated by seed. [Obs.] Evelyn.
SATLE Sa"tle, v. t. & i.
Defn: To settle. [Obs.] Chaucer.
SATRAP Sa"trap ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [L. satrapes, Gr. khsatrapavan ruler: cf. F. satrape.]
Defn: The governor of a province in ancient Persia; hence, a petty autocrat despot.
SATRAPAL Sa"trap*al ( or ), a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a satrap, or a satrapy.
SATRAPESS Sa"trap*ess ( or ), n.
Defn: A female satrap.
SATRAPICAL Sa*trap"ic`al, a.
Defn: Satrapal. [R.]
SATRAPY Sa"trap*y, n.; pl. Satrapies. Etym: [L. satrapia, satrapea, Gr. satrapie.]
Defn: The government or jurisdiction of a satrap; a principality. Milton.
SATSUMA WARE Sat"su*ma ware" ( or ). (Fine Arts)
Defn: A kind of ornamental hard-glazed pottery made at Satsuma in Kiushu, one of the Japanese islands.
SATURABLE Sat"u*ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. saturabilis: cf. F. saturable.]
Defn: Capable of being saturated; admitting of saturation. -- Sat`u*ra*bil"i*ty, n.
SATURANT Sat"u*rant, a. Etym: [L. saturans, p. pr. See Saturate.]
Defn: Impregnating to the full; saturating.
SATURANT Sat"u*rant, n.
1. (Chem.)
Defn: A substance used to neutralize or saturate the affinity of another substance.
2. (Med.)
Defn: An antacid, as magnesia, used to correct acidity of the stomach.
SATURATE Sat"u*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saturated; p. pr. & vb. n. Saturating.] Etym: [L. saturatus, p.p. of saturate to saturate, fr. satur full of food, sated. See Satire.]
1. To cause to become completely penetrated, impregnated, or soaked; to fill fully; to sate. Innumerable flocks and herbs covered that vast expanse of emerald meadow saturated with the moisture of the Atlantic. Macaulay. Fill and saturate each kind With good according to its mind. Emerson.
2. (Chem.)
Defn: To satisfy the affinity of; to cause to become inert by chemical combination with all that it can hold; as, to saturate phosphorus with chlorine.
SATURATE Sat"u*rate, p. a. Etym: [L. saturatus, p. p.]
Defn: Filled to repletion; saturated; soaked. Dries his feathers saturate with dew. Cowper. The sand beneath our feet is saturate With blood of martyrs. Longfellow.
SATURATED Sat"u*ra`ted, a.
1. Filled to repletion; holding by absorption, or in solution, all that is possible; as, saturated garments; a saturated solution of salt.
2. (Chem.)
Defn: Having its affinity satisfied; combined with all it can hold; - - said of certain atoms, radicals, or compounds; thus, methane is a saturated compound. Contrasted with unsaturated.
Note: A saturated compound may exchange certain ingredients for others, but can not take on more without such exchange. Saturated color (Optics), a color not diluted with white; a pure unmixed color, like those of the spectrum.
SATURATION Sat`u*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. saturatio: cf. F. saturation.]
1. The act of saturating, or the state of being saturating; complete penetration or impregnation.
2. (Chem.)
Defn: The act, process, or result of saturating a substance, or of combining it to its fullest extent.
3. (Optics)
Defn: Freedom from mixture or dilution with white; purity; -- said of colors.
Note: The degree of saturation of a color is its relative purity, or freedom from admixture with white.
SATURATOR sat"u*ra`tor, n. Etym: [L.]
Defn: One who, or that which, saturates.
SATURDAY Sat"ur*day (; 48), n. Etym: [OE. Saterday, AS. Sæterdæg, Sæterndæg, Sæternesdæg, literally, Saturn's day, fr. L. Saturnus Saturn + AS. dæg day; cf. L. dies Saturni.]
Defn: The seventh or last day of the week; the day following Friday and preceding Sunday.
SATURITY Sa*tu"ri*ty, n. Etym: [L. saturitas, fr. satur full of food, sated.]
Defn: The state of being saturated; fullness of supply. [Obs.] Warner.
SATURN Sa"turn, n. Etym: [L. Saturnus, literally, the saower, fr. serere, satum, to sow. See Season.]
1. (Roman Myth.)
Defn: One of the elder and principal deities, the son of Coelus and Terra (Heaven and Earth), anf the father of Jupiter. The corresponding Greek divinity was Kro`nos, later CHro`nos, Time.
2. (Astron.)
Defn: One of the planets of the solar system, next in magnitude to Jupiter, but more remote from the sun. Its diameter is seventy thousand miles, its mean distance from the sun nearly eight hundred and eighty millions of miles, and its year, or periodical revolution round the sun, nearly twenty-nine years and a half. It is surrounded by a remarkable system of rings, and has eight satellites.
3. (Alchem.)
Defn: The metal lead. [Archaic]
SATURNALIA Sat`ur*na"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [L. See Saturn.]
1. (Rom. Antiq.)
Defn: the festival of Saturn, celebrated in December, originally during one day, but afterward during seven days, as a period of unrestrained license and merriment for all classes, extending even to the slaves.
2. Hence: A period or occasion of general licemse, in which the passions or vices have riotous indulgence.
SATURNALIAN Sat`ur*na"li*an, a.
1. Of or pertaining to the Saturnalia.
2. Of unrestrained and intemperate jollity; riotously merry; dissolute. "Saturnalian amusement." Burke.
SATURNIAN Sa*tur"ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Saturnius.]
1. (Roman Myth.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to Saturn, whose age or reign, from the mildness and wisdom of his government, is called the golden age.
2. Hence: Resembling the golden age; distinguished for peacefulness, happiness, contentment. Augustus, born to bring Saturnian times. Pope.
3. (Astron.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the planet Saturn; as, the Saturnian year. Saturnian verse (Pros.), a meter employed by early Roman satirists, consisting of three iambics and an extra syllable followed by three trochees, as in the line: --Thê queen | wâs isn | thê kistch | ên eatîng | bread ând | honêy.
SATURNIAN Sa*tur"ni*an, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of large handsome moths belonging to Saturnia and allied genera. The Luna moth, polyphemus, and promethea, are examples. They belong to the Silkworn family, and some are raised for their silk. See Polyphemus.
SATURNICENTRIC Sat`urn*i*cen"tric, a. (Astron.)
Defn: Appearing as if seen from the center of the planet Saturn; relating or referred to Saturn as a center.
SATURNINE Sat"ur*nine, a. Etym: [L. Saturnus the god Saturn, also, the planet Saturn: cf. F. saturnin of or pertaining to lead (Saturn, in old chemistry, meaning lead),saturnien saturnine, saturnian. See Saturn.]
1. Born under, or influenced by, the planet Saturn.
2. Heavy; grave; gloomy; dull; -- the opposite of mercurial; as, a saturnine person or temper. Addison.
3. (Old Chem.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to lead; characterized by, or resembling, lead, which was formerly called Saturn. [Archaic] Saturnine colic (Med.), lead colic.
SATURNISM Sat"ur*nism, n. (Med.)
Defn: Plumbum. Quain.
SATURNIST Sat"ur*nist, n.
Defn: A person of a dull, grave, gloomy temperament. W. browne.
SATYR Sa"tyr, n. Etym: [L. satyrus, Gr. satyre.]
1. (Class. Myth.)
Defn: A sylvan deity or demigod, represented as part man and part goat, and characterized by riotous merriment and lasciviousness. Rough Satyrs danced; and Fauns, with cloven heel, From the glad sound would not be absent long. Milton.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of many species of butterflies belonging to the family Nymphalidæ. Their colors are commonly brown and gray, often with ocelli on the wings. Called also meadow browns.
3. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The orangoutang.
SATYRIASIS Sat`y*ri"a*sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Satyr.]
Defn: Immoderate venereal appetite in the male. Quain.
SATYRIC; SATYRICAL Sa*tyr"ic, Sa*tyr"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. satyricus, Gr.
Defn: Of or pertaining to satyrs; burlesque; as, satyric tragedy. P. Cyc.
SATYRION Sa*tyr"i*on, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: Any one of several kinds of orchids. [Obs.]
SAUBA ANT Sau"ba ant`. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A South American ant (Ecodoma cephalotes) remarkable for having two large kinds of workers besides the ordinary ones, and for the immense size of its formicaries. The sauba ant cuts off leaves of plants and carries them into its subterranean nests, and thus often does great damage by defoliating trees and cultivated plants.
SAUCE Sauce, n. Etym: [F., fr. OF. sausse, LL. salsa, properly, salt pickle, fr. L. salsus salted, salt, p.p. of salire to salt, fr. sal salt. See Salt, and cf. Saucer, Souse pickle, Souse to plunge.]
1. A composition of condiments and appetizing ingredients eaten with food as a relish; especially, a dressing for meat or fish or for puddings; as, mint sauce; sweet sauce, etc. "Poignant sauce." Chaucer. High sauces and rich spices fetched from the Indies. Sir S. Baker.
2. Any garden vegetables eaten with meat. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.] Forby. Bartlett. Roots, herbs, vine fruits, and salad flowers . . . they dish up various ways, and find them very delicious sauce to their meats, both roasted and boiled, fresh and salt. Beverly.
3. Stewed or preserved fruit eaten with other food as a relish; as, apple sauce, cranberry sauce, etc. [U.S.] "Stewed apple sauce." Mrs. Lincoln (Cook Book).
4. Sauciness; impertinence. [Low.] Haliwell. To serve one the same sauce, to retaliate in the same kind. [Vulgar]
SAUCE Sauce, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. saucer.] [imp. & p. p. Sauced (; p. pr. & vb. n. Saucing (.]
1. To accompany with something intended to give a higher relish; to supply with appetizing condiments; to season; to flavor.
2. To cause to relish anything, as if with a sauce; to tickle or gratify, as the palate; to please; to stimulate; hence, to cover, mingle, or dress, as if with sauce; to make an application to. [R.] Earth, yield me roots; Who seeks for better of thee, sauce his palate With thy most operant poison! Shak.
3. To make poignant; to give zest, flavor or interest to; to set off; to vary and render attractive. Then fell she to sauce her desires with threatenings. Sir P. Sidney.
4. To treat with bitter, pert, or tart language; to be impudent or sancy to. [Colloq. or Low] I'll sauce her with bitter words. Shak.
SAUCE Sauce, n. Etym: [F.] (Fine Art)
Defn: A soft crayon for use in stump drawing or in shading with the stump.
SAUCE-ALONE Sauce"-a*lone`, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.)
Defn: Jack-by-the-hedge. See under Jack.
SAUCEBOX Sauce"box`, n. Etym: [See Sauce, and Saucy.]
Defn: A saucy, impudent person; especially, a pert child. Saucebox, go, meddle with your lady's fan, And prate not here! A. Brewer.
SAUCEPAN Sauce"pan`, n.
Defn: A small pan with a handle, in which sauce is prepared over a fire; a stewpan.
SAUCER Sau"cer, n. Etym: [F. saucière, from sauce. see Sauce.]
1. A small pan or vessel in which sauce was set on a table. [Obs.] Bacon.
2. A small dish, commonly deeper than a plate, in which a cup is set at table.
3. Something resembling a saucer in shape. Specifically: (a) A flat, shallow caisson for raising sunken ships. (b) A shallow socket for the pivot of a capstan. Flying saucer, a type of Unidentified Flying Object, having a biconvex discoid shape; such objects are occasionally reported to have been sighted, but no example of one has been reliably shown to exist. They are believed by ufologists to originate in outer space, but they are generally presumed to be misinterpretations of ordinary phenomena, illusions or imaginary objects. Fraudulent photographs purporting to show flying saucers are published from time to time.
SAUCILY Sau"ci*ly, adv.
Defn: In a saucy manner; impudently; with impertinent boldness. Addison.
SAUCINESS Sau"ci*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being saucy; that which is saucy; impertinent boldness; contempt of superiors; impudence. Your sauciness will jest upon my love. Shak.
Syn. -- Impudence; impertinence; rudeness; insolence. see Impudence.
SAUCISSON; SAUCISSE Sau`cis`son", Sau`cisse", n. Etym: [F., fr. saucisse sausage. See Sausage.]
1. (Mining or Gun.)
Defn: A long and slender pipe or bag, made of cloth well pitched, or of leather, filled with powder, and used to communicate fire to mines, caissons, bomb chests, etc.
2. (Fort.)
Defn: A fascine of more than ordinary length.
SAUCY Sau"cy, a. [Compar. Saucier; superl. Sauciest.] Etym: [From Sauce.]
1. Showing impertinent boldness or pertness; transgressing the rules of decorum; treating superiors with contempt; impudent; insolent; as, a saucy fellow. Am I not protector, saucy priest Shak.
2. Expressive of, or characterized by, impudence; impertinent; as, a saucy eye; saucy looks. We then have done you bold and sausy wrongs. Shak.
Syn. -- Impudent; insolent; impertinent; rude.
SAUERKRAUT Sauer"kraut`, n. Etym: [G., fr. sauer sour + kraut herb, cabbage.]
Defn: Cabbage cut fine and allowed to ferment in a brine made of its own juice with salt, -- a German dish.
SAUF Sauf, a.
Defn: Safe. [Obs.] haucer.
SAUF Sauf, conj. & prep.
Defn: Save; except. [Obs.] "Sauf I myself." Chaucer.
SAUFLY Sauf"ly, adv.
Defn: Safely. [Obs.] Chaucer.
SAUGER Sau"ger, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: An American fresh-water food fish (Stizostedion Canadense); -- called also gray pike, blue pike, hornfish, land pike, sand pike, pickering, and pickerel.
SAUGH; SAUH Saugh, Sauh, obs.
Defn: imp. sing. of See. Chaucer.
SAUKS Sauks, n. pl. (Ethnol.)
Defn: Same as Sacs.
SAUL Saul, n.
Defn: Soul. [Obs.]
SAUL Saul, n.
Defn: Same as Sal, the tree.
SAULIE Sau"lie, n.
Defn: A hired mourner at a funeral. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
SAULT Sault, n. Etym: [OF., F. saut, fr. L. saltus See Salt a leap.]
Defn: A rapid in some rivers; as, the Sault Ste. Marie. [U.S.] Bartlett.
SAUNDERS Saun"ders, n.
Defn: See Sandress.
SAUNDERS-BLUE Saun"ders-blue`, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. F. cendres bleues blue ashes.]
Defn: A kind of color prepared from calcined lapis lazuli; ultramarine; also, a blue prepared from carbonate of copper. [Written also sanders-blue.]
SAUNTER Saun"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sauntered; p. pr. & vb. n. Sauntering.] Etym: [Written also santer.] Etym: [Probably fr. F. s'aventurer to adventure (one's self), through a shortened form s'auntrer. See Adventure, n. & v.]
Defn: To wander or walk about idly and in a leisurely or lazy manner; to lounge; to stroll; to loiter. One could lie under elm trees in a lawn, or saunter in meadows by the side of a stream. Masson.
Syn. -- To loiter; linger; stroll; wander.
SAUNTER Saun"ter, n.
Defn: A sauntering, or a sauntering place. That wheel of fops, that saunter of the town. Young.
SAUNTERER Saun"ter*er, n.
Defn: One who saunters.
SAUR Saur, n. Etym: [Contracted from Gael. salachar filth, nastiness, fr. salach nasty, fr. sal filth, refuse.]
Defn: Soil; dirt; dirty water; urine from a cowhouse. [Prov. Eng.]
SAUREL Sau"rel, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any carangoid fish of the genus Trachurus, especially T. trachurus, or T. saurus, of Europe and America, and T. picturatus of California. Called also skipjack, and horse mackarel.
SAURIA Sau"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A division of Reptilia formerly established to include the Lacertilia, Crocodilia, Dinosauria, and other groups. By some writers the name is restricted to the Lacertilia.
SAURIAN Sau"ri*an, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to, or of the nature of, the Sauria. -- n.
Defn: One of the Sauria.
SAURIOID Sau"ri*oid, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Same as Sauroid.
SAUROBATRACHIA Sau"ro*ba*tra"chi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Sauria, and Batrachia.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The Urodela.
SAUROGNATHOUS Sau*rog"na*thous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having the bones of the palate arranged as in saurians, the vomer consisting of two lateral halves, as in the woodpeckers. (Pici).
SAUROID Sau"roid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid: cf. Gr. (Zoöl.) (a) Like or pertaining to the saurians. (b) Resembling a saurian superficially; as, a sauroid fish.
SAUROIDICHNITE Sau`roid*ich"nite, n. Etym: [See Sauroid, and Ichnite.] (Paleon.)
Defn: The fossil track of a saurian.
SAUROPODA Sau*rop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Paleon.)
Defn: An extinct order of herbivorous dinosaurs having the feet of a saurian type, instead of birdlike, as they are in many dinosaurs. It includes the Largest Known land animals, belonging to Brontosaurus, Camarasaurus, and alied genera. See Illustration in Appendix.
SAUROPSIDA Sau*rop"si*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A comprehensive group of vertebrates, comprising the reptiles and birds.
SAUROPTERYGIA Sau*rop`te*ryg"i*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)
Defn: Same as Plesiosauria.
SAURURAE Sau*ru"ræ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)
Defn: An extinct order of birds having a long vertebrated tail with quills along each side of it. Archæopteryx is the type. See Archæopteryx, and Odontornithes.
SAURY Sau"ry, n.; pl. Sauries. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A slender marine fish (Scombresox saurus) of Europe and America. It has long, thin, beaklike jaws. Called also billfish, gowdnook, gawnook, skipper, skipjack, skopster, lizard fish, and Egypt herring.
SAUSAGE Sau"sage (; 48), n. Etym: [F. saucisse, LL. salcitia, salcicia, fr. salsa. See Sauce.]
1. An article of food consisting of meat (esp. pork) minced and highly seasoned, and inclosed in a cylindrical case or skin usually made of the prepared intestine of some animal.
2. A saucisson. See Saucisson. Wilhelm.
SAUSEFLEM Sau"se*flem, a. Etym: [OF. saus salt (L. salsus) + flemme phlegm.]
Defn: Having a red, pimpled face. [Obs.] [Written also sawceflem.] Chaucer.
SAUSSURITE Saus"sur*ite, n. Etym: [F. So called from M. Saussure.] (Min.)
Defn: A tough, compact mineral, of a white, greenish, or grayish color. It is near zoisite in composition, and in part, at least, has been produced by the alteration of feldspar.
SAUT; SAUTE Saut, Saute, n.
Defn: An assault. [Obs.]
SAUTE Sau`te",
Defn: p. p. of Sauter. C. Owen.
SAUTER Sau`ter", v. t. Etym: [F., properly, to jump.]
Defn: To fry lightly and quickly, as meat, by turning ot tossing it over frequently in a hot pan greased with a little fat.
SAUTER Sau"ter, n.
Defn: Psalter. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
SAUTERELLE Sau`te*relle, n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: An instrument used by masons and others to trace and form angles.
SAUTERNE Sau`terne", n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: A white wine made in the district of sauterne, France.
SAUTRIE Sau"trie, n.
Defn: Psaltery. [Obs.] Chaucer.
SAUVEGARDE Sau`ve*garde", n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The monitor.
SAVABLE Sav"a*ble, a. Etym: [From Save. Cf. Salvable.]
Defn: capable of, or admitting of, being saved. In the person prayed for there ought to be the great disposition of being in a savable condition. Jer. Taylor.
SAVABLENESS Sav"a*ble*ness, n.
Defn: Capability of being saved.
SAVACIOUN Sa*va"ci*oun`, n.
Defn: Salvation. [Obs.]
SAVAGE Sav"age (; 48), a. Etym: [F. sauvage, OF. salvage, fr. L. silvaticus belonging to a wood, wild, fr. silva a wood. See Silvan, and cf. Sylvatic.]
1. Of or pertaining to the forest; remote from human abodes and cultivation; in a state of nature; nature; wild; as, a savage wilderness.
2. Wild; untamed; uncultivated; as, savage beasts. Cornels, and savage berries of the wood. Dryden.
3. Uncivilized; untaught; unpolished; rude; as, savage life; savage manners. What nation, since the commencement of the Christian era, ever rose from savage to civilized without Christianity E. D. Griffin.
4. Characterized by cruelty; barbarous; fierce; ferocious; inhuman; brutal; as, a savage spirit.
Syn. -- Ferocious; wild; uncultivated; untamed; untaught; uncivilized; unpolished; rude; brutish; brutal; heathenish; barbarous; cruel; inhuman; fierce; pitiless; merciless; unmerciful; atrocious. See Ferocious.
SAVAGE Sav"age, n.
1. A human being in his native state of rudeness; one who is untaught; uncivilized, or without cultivation of mind or manners.
2. A man of extreme, unfeeling, brutal cruelty; a barbarian.
SAVAGE Sav"age (; 48), v. t.
Defn: To make savage. [R.] Its bloodhounds, savaged by a cross of wolf. South
SAVAGELY Sav"age*ly, adv.
Defn: In a savage manner.
SAVAGENESS Sav"age*ness, n.
Defn: The state or quality of being savage. Wolves and bears, they say, Casting their savageness aside have done Like offices of pity. Shak.
SAVAGERY Sav"age*ry, n. Etym: [F. sauvagerie.]
1. The state of being savage; savageness; savagism. A like work of primeval savagery. C. Kingsley.
2. An act of cruelty; barbarity. The wildest savagery, the vilest stroke, That ever wall-eyed wrath or staring rage Presented to the tears of soft remorse. Shak.
3. Wild growth, as of plants. Shak.
SAVAGISM Sav"a*gism, n.
Defn: The state of being savage; the state of rude, uncivilized men, or of men in their native wildness and rudeness.
SAVANILLA Sav`a*nil"la, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The tarpum. [Local, U.S.]
SAVANNA Sa*van"na, n. Etym: [Of American Indian origin; cf. Sp. sabana, F. savane.]
Defn: A tract of level land covered with the vegetable growth usually found in a damp soil and warm climate, -- as grass or reeds, -- but destitute of trees. [Spelt also savannah.] Savannahs are clear pieces land without woods. Dampier. Savanna flower (Bot.), a West Indian name for several climbing apocyneous plants of the genus Echites. -- Savanna sparrow (Zoöl.), an American sparrow (Ammodramus sandwichensis or Passerculus savanna) of which several varieties are found on grassy plains from Alaska to the Eastern United States. -- Savanna wattle (Bot.), a name of two West Indian trees of the genus Citharexylum.
SAVANT Sa`vant", n.; pl. Savants (F. . Etym: [F., fr. savoir to know, L. sapere. See Sage, a.]
Defn: A man of learning; one versed in literature or science; a person eminent for acquirements.
SAVE Save, n. Etym: [See Sage the herb.]
Defn: The herb sage, or salvia. [Obs.] Chaucer.
SAVE Save, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saved; p. pr. & vb. n. Saving.] Etym: [OE. saven, sauven, salven, OF. salver, sauver, F. sauver, L. salvare, fr. salvus saved, safe. See Safe, a.]
1. To make safe; to procure the safety of; to preserve from injury, destruction, or evil of any kind; to rescue from impending danger; as, to save a house from the flames. God save all this fair company. Chaucer. He cried, saying, Lord, save me. Matt. xiv. 30. Thou hast . . . quitted all to save A world from utter loss. Milton.
2. (Theol.)
Defn: Specifically, to deliver from and its penalty; to rescue from a state of condemnation and spiritual death, and bring into a state of spiritual life. Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners. 1 Tim. i. 15.
3. To keep from being spent or lost; to secure from waste or expenditure; to lay up; to reserve. Now save a nation, and now save a groat. Pope.
4. To rescue from something undesirable or hurtful; to prevent from doing something; to spare. I'll save you That labor, sir. All's now done. Shak.
5. To hinder from doing, suffering, or happening; to obviate the necessity of; to prevent; to spare. Will you not speak to save a lady's blush Dryden.
6. To hold possession or use of; to escape loss of. Just saving the tide, and putting in a stock of merit. Swift. To save appearance, to preserve a decent outside; to avoid exposure of a discreditable state of things.
Syn. -- To preserve; rescue; deliver; protect; spare; reserve; prevent.
SAVE Save, v. i.
Defn: To avoid unnecessary expense or expenditure; to prevent waste; to be economical. Brass ordnance saveth in the quantity of the material. Bacon.
SAVE Save, prep. or conj. Etym: [F. sauf, properly adj., safe. See Safe, a.]
Defn: Except; excepting; not including; leaving out; deducting; reserving; saving. Five times received I forty stripes save one. 2 Cor. xi. 24.
Syn. -- See Except.
SAVE Save, conj.
Defn: Except; unless.
SAVEABLE Save"a*ble, a.
Defn: See Savable.
SAVE-ALL Save"-all`, n. Etym: [Save + all.]
Defn: Anything which saves fragments, or prevents waste or loss. Specifically: (a) A device in a candlestick to hold the ends of candles, so that they be burned. (b) (Naut.) A small sail sometimes set under the foot of another sail, to catch the wind that would pass under it. Totten. (c) A trough to prevent waste in a paper-making machine.
SAVELOY Sav"e*loy, n. Etym: [F. cervelas, It. cervellata, fr. cervello brain, L. cerebellum, dim. of cerebrum brain. See Cerebral.]
Defn: A kind of dried sausage. McElrath.
SAVELY Save"ly, adv.
Defn: Safely. [Obs.] Chaucer.
SAVEMENT Save"ment, n.
Defn: The act of saving. [Obs.]
SAVER Sav"er, n.
Defn: One who saves.
SAVIN; SAVINE Sav"in, Sav"ine, n. Etym: [OE. saveine, AS. safinæ, savine, L. sabina herba. Cf. Sabine.] [Written also sabine.] (Bot.) (a) A coniferous shrub (Juniperus Sabina) of Western Asia, occasionally found also in the northern parts of the United States and in British America. It is a compact bush, with dark-colored foliage, and produces small berries having a glaucous bloom. Its bitter, acrid tops are sometimes used in medicine for gout, amenorrhoea, etc. (b) The North American red cedar (Juniperus Virginiana.)
SAVING Sav"ing, a.
Defn: 1. Preserving; rescuing. He is the saving strength of his anointed. Ps. xxviii. 8.
2. Avoiding unnecessary expense or waste; frugal; not lavish or wasteful; economical; as, a saving cook.
3. Bringing back in returns or in receipts the sum expended; incurring no loss, though not gainful; as, a saving bargain; the ship has made a saving voyage.
4. Making reservation or exception; as, a saving clause.
Note: saving is often used with a noun to form a compound adjective; as, labor-saving, life-saving, etc.
SAVING Sav"ing, prep. or conj.; but properly a participle.
Defn: With the exception of; except; excepting; also, without disrespect to. "Saving your reverence." Shak. "Saving your presence." Burns. None of us put off clothes, saving that every one put them off for washing. Neh. iv. 23. And in the stone a new name written, which no man knoweth saving he that receiveth it. Rev. ii. 17.
SAVING Sav"ing, n.
1. Something kept from being expended or lost; that which is saved or laid up; as, the savings of years of economy.
2. Exception; reservation. Contend not with those that are too strong for us, but still with a saving to honesty. L'Estrange. Savings bank, a bank in which savings or earnings are deposited and put at interest.
SAVINGLY Sav"ing*ly, adv.
1. In a saving manner; with frugality or parsimony.
2. So as to be finally saved from eternal death. Savingly born of water and the Spirit. Waterland.
SAVINGNESS Sav"ing*ness, n.
1. The quality of being saving; carefulness not to expend money uselessly; frugality; parsimony. Mrs. H. H. Jackson.
2. Tendency to promote salvation. Johnson.
SAVIOR Sav"ior, n. Etym: [OE. saveour, OF. salveor, F. sauveur, fr. L. salvator to save. See Save, v.] [Written also saviour.]
1. One who saves, preserves, or delivers from destruction or danger.
2. Specifically: The (or our, your, etc.) Savior, he who brings salvation to men; Jesus Christ, the Redeemer.
SAVIORESS Sav"ior*ess, n.
Defn: A female savior. [Written also saviouress.] [R.] Bp. Hall.
SAVOR Sa"vor, n. Etym: [OE. savour, savor, savur, OF. savor, savour, F. saveur, fr. L. sapor, fr. sapere to taste, savor. See Sage, a., and cf. Sapid, Insipid, Sapor.] [Written also savour.]
1. That property of a thing which affects the organs of taste or smell; taste and odor; flavor; relish; scent; as, the savor of an orange or a rose; an ill savor. I smell sweet savors and I feel soft things. Shak.
2. Hence, specific flavor or quality; characteristic property; distinctive temper, tinge, taint, and the like. Why is not my life a continual joy, and the savor of heaven perpetually upon my spirit Baxter.
3. Sense of smell; power to scent, or trace by scent. [R.] "Beyond my savor." Herbert.
4. Pleasure; delight; attractiveness. [Obs.] She shall no savor have therein but lite. Chaucer.
Syn. -- Taste; flavor; relish; odor; scent; smell.
SAVOR Sa"vor, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Savored; p. pr. & vb. n. Savoring.] Etym: [Cf. OF. savorer, F. savourer. See Savor, n.] [Written also savour.]
1. To have a particular smell or taste; -- with of.
2. To partake of the quality or nature; to indicate the presence or influence; to smack; -- with of. This savors not much of distraction. Shak. I have rejected everything that savors of party. Addison.
3. To use the sense of taste. [Obs.] By sight, hearing, smelling, tasting or savoring, and feeling. Chaucer.
SAVOR Sa"vor, v. t.
1. To perceive by the smell or the taste; hence, to perceive; to note. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
2. To have the flavor or quality of; to indicate the presence of. [R.] That cuts us off from hope, and savors only Rancor and pride, impatience and despite. Milton.
3. To taste or smell with pleasure; to delight in; to relish; to like; to favor. [R.] Shak.
SAVORILY Sa"vor*i*ly, adv.
Defn: In a savory manner.
SAVORINESS Sa"vor*i*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being savory.
SAVORLESS Sa"vor*less, a.
Defn: Having no savor; destitute of smell or of taste; insipid.
SAVORLY Sa"vor*ly, a.
Defn: Savory. [Obs.]
SAVORLY Sa"vor*ly, adv.
Defn: In a savory manner. [Obs.] Barrow.
SAVOROUS Sa"vor*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. savoureux, OF. saveros, L. saporosus. Cf. Saporous, and see Savor, n.]
Defn: Having a savor; savory. [Obs.] Rom. of R.
SAVORY Sa"vor*y, a. Etym: [From Savor.]
Defn: Pleasing to the organs of taste or smell. [Written also savoury.] The chewing flocks Had ta'en their supper on the savory herb. Milton.
SAVORY; SAVOURY Sa"vo*ry, n. Etym: [F. savorée; cf. It. santoreggia, satureja, L. satureia,] (Bot.)
Defn: An aromatic labiate plant (Satireia hortensis), much used in cooking; -- also called summer savory. [Written also savoury.]
SAVOY Sa*voy", n. Etym: [F. chou de Savoie cabbage of Savoy.] (Bot.)
Defn: A variety of the common cabbage (Brassica oleracea major), having curled leaves, -- much cultivated for winter use.
SAVOYARD Sav`oy*ard", n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: A native or inhabitant of Savoy.
SAVVY; SAVVEY Sav"vy, Sav"vey, v. t. & i. [Written also savey.] [Sp. saber to know, sabe usted do you know]
Defn: To understand; to comprehend; know. [Slang, U. S.]
SAVVY; SAVVEY Sav"vy, Sav"vey, n.
Defn: Comprehension; knowledge of affairs; mental grasp. [Slang, U. S.]
SAW Saw,
Defn: imp. of See.
SAW Saw, n. Etym: [OE. sawe, AS. sagu; akin to secgan to say. See Say, v. t. and cf. Saga.]
1. Something said; speech; discourse. [Obs.] "To hearken all his sawe." Chaucer.
2. A saying; a proverb; a maxim. His champions are the prophets and apostles, His weapons holy saws of sacred writ. Shak.
3. Dictate; command; decree. [Obs.] [Love] rules the creatures by his powerful saw. Spenser.
SAW Saw, n. Etym: [OE. sawe, AS. sage; akin to D. zaag, G. säge, OHG. sega, saga, Dan. sav, sw. såg, Icel. sög, L. secare to cut, securis ax, secula sickle. Cf. Scythe, Sickle, Section, Sedge.]
Defn: An instrument for cutting or dividing substances, as wood, iron, etc., consisting of a thin blade, or plate, of steel, with a series of sharp teeth on the edge, which remove successive portions of the material by cutting and tearing.
Note: Saw is frequently used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound. Band saw, Crosscut saw, etc. See under Band, Crosscut, etc. -- Circular saw, a disk of steel with saw teeth upon its periphery, and revolved on an arbor. -- Saw bench, a bench or table with a flat top for for sawing, especially with a circular saw which projects above the table. -- Saw file, a three-cornered file, such as is used for sharpening saw teeth. -- Saw frame, the frame or sash in a sawmill, in which the saw, or gang of saws, is held. -- Saw gate, a saw frame. -- Saw gin, the form of cotton gin invented by Eli Whitney, in which the cotton fibers are drawn, by the teeth, of a set of revolving circular saws, through a wire grating which is too fine for the seeds to pass. -- Saw grass (Bot.), any one of certain cyperaceous plants having the edges of the leaves set with minute sharp teeth, especially the Cladium effusum of the Southern United States. Cf. Razor grass, under Razor. -- Saw log, a log of suitable size for sawing into lumber. -- Saw mandrel, a mandrel on which a circular saw is fastened for running. -- Saw pit, a pit over which timbor is sawed by two men, one standing below the timber and the other above. Mortimer. -- Saw sharpener (Zoöl.), the great titmouse; -- so named from its harsh call note. [Prov. Eng.] -- Saw whetter (Zoöl.), the marsh titmouse (Parus palustris); -- so named from its call note. [Prov. Eng.] -- Scroll saw, a ribbon of steel with saw teeth upon one edge, stretched in a frame and adapted for sawing curved outlines; also, a machine in which such a saw is worked by foot or power.
SAW Saw, v. t. [imp. Sawed; p. p. Sawed or Sawn (; p. pr. & vb. n. Sawing.]
1. To cut with a saw; to separate with a saw; as, to saw timber or marble.
2. To form by cutting with a saw; as, to saw boards or planks, that is, to saw logs or timber into boards or planks; to saw shingles; to saw out a panel.
3. Also used figuratively; as, to saw the air.
SAW Saw, v. i.
1. To use a saw; to practice sawing; as, a man saws well.
2. To cut, as a saw; as, the saw or mill saws fast.
3. To be cut with a saw; as, the timber saws smoothly.
SAWARRA NUT Sa*war"ra nut`.
Defn: See Souari nut.
SAWBELLY Saw"bel`ly, n.
Defn: The alewife. [Local, U.S.]
SAWBILL Saw"bill`, n.
Defn: The merganser. [Prov. Eng.]
SAWBONES Saw"bones`, n.
Defn: A nickname for a surgeon.
SAWBUCK Saw"buck`, n.
Defn: A sawhorse.
SAWCEFLEM SAw"ce*flem, a.
Defn: See Sauseflem. [Obs.]
SAWDER Saw"der, n.
Defn: A corrupt spelling and pronunciation of solder. Soft sawder, seductive praise; flattery; blarney. [Slang]
SAWDUST Saw"dust`, n.
Defn: Dust or small fragments of wood 9or of stone, etc.) made by the cutting of a saw.
SAWER Saw"er`, n.
Defn: One who saws; a sawyer.
SAWFISH Saw"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of several species of elasmobranch fishes of the genus Pristis. They have a sharklike form, but are more nearly allied to the rays. The flattened and much elongated snout has a row of stout toothlike structures inserted along each edge, forming a sawlike organ with which it mutilates or kills its prey.
SAWFLY Saw"fly`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of hymenopterous insects belonging to the family Tenthredinidæ. The female usually has an ovipositor containing a pair of sawlike organs with which she makes incisions in the leaves or stems of plants in which to lay the eggs. The larvæ resemble those of Lepidoptera.
SAWHORSE Saw"horse`, n.
Defn: A kind of rack, shaped like a double St. Andrew's cross, on which sticks of wood are laid for sawing by hand; -- called also buck, and sawbuck.
SAWMILL Saw"mill`, n.
Defn: A mill for sawing, especially one for sawing timber or lumber.
SAWNEB Saw"neb`, n.
Defn: A merganser. [Prov. Eng.]
SAW PALMETTO Saw" pal*met"to.
Defn: See under Palmetto.
SAW-SET Saw"-set`, n.
Defn: An instrument used to set or turn the teeth of a saw a little sidewise, that they may make a kerf somewhat wider than the thickness of the blade, to prevent friction; -- called also saw-wrest.
SAWTOOTH Saw"tooth`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: An arctic seal (Lobodon carcinophaga), having the molars serrated; -- called also crabeating seal.
SAW-TOOTHED Saw"-toothed", a.
Defn: Having a tooth or teeth like those of a saw; serrate.
SAWTRY Saw"try, n.
Defn: A psaltery. [Obs.] Dryden.
SAW-WHET saw"-whet`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A small North American owl (Nyctale Acadica), destitute of ear tufts and having feathered toes; -- called also Acadian owl.
SAW-WORT Saw"-wort`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: Any plant of the composite genus Serratula; -- so named from the serrated leaves of most of the species.
SAW-WREST Saw"-wrest`, n.
Defn: See Saw-set.
SAWYER Saw"yer, n. Etym: [Saw + -yer, as in lawyer. Cf. Sawer.]
1. One whose occupation is to saw timber into planks or boards, or to saw wood for fuel; a sawer.
2. A tree which has fallen into a stream so that its branches project above the surface, rising and falling with a rocking or swaying motion in the current. [U.S.]
3. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The bowfin. [Local, U.S.]
SAX Sax, n. Etym: [AS. seax a knife.]
Defn: A kind of chopping instrument for trimming the edges of roofing slates.
SAXATILE Sax"a*tile, a. Etym: [L. saxatilis, fr. saxum a rock: cf. F. saxalite.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to rocks; living among rocks; as, a saxatile plant.
SAXHORN Sax"horn`, n. (Mus.)
Defn: A name given to a numerous family of brass wind instruments with valves, invented by Antoine Joseph Sax (known as Adolphe Sax), of Belgium and Paris, and much used in military bands and in orchestras.
SAXICAVA Sax`i*ca"va, n.; pl. E. saxicavas, L. Saxicavæ. Etym: [NL. See Saxicavous.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any species of marine bivalve shells of the genus Saxicava. Some of the species are noted for their power of boring holes in limestone and similar rocks.
SAXICAVID Sax`i*ca"vid, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the saxicavas. -- n.
Defn: A saxicava.
SAXICAVOUS Sax`i*ca"vous, a. Etym: [L. saxum rock + cavare to make hollow, fr. cavus hollow: cf. F. saxicave.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Boring, or hollowing out, rocks; -- said of certain mollusks which live in holes which they burrow in rocks. See Illust. of Lithodomus.
SAXICOLINE Sax*ic"o*line, a. Etym: [L. saxum a rock + colere to inhabit.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Stone-inhabiting; pertaining to, or having the characteristics of, the stonechats.
SAXICOLOUS Sax*ic"o*lous, a. Etym: [See Saxicoline.] (Bot.)
Defn: Growing on rocks.
SAXIFRAGA Sax*if"ra*ga, n. Etym: [L., saxifrage. See Saxifrage.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of exogenous polypetalous plants, embracing about one hundred and eighty species. See Saxifrage.
SAXIFRAGACEOUS Sax`i*fra*ga"ceous, a. (Bot.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Saxifragaceæ) of which saxifrage is the type. The order includes also the alum root, the hydrangeas, the mock orange, currants and gooseberries, and many other plants.
SAXIFRAGANT Sax*if"ra*gant, a. Etym: [See Saxifrage.]
Defn: Breaking or destroying stones; saxifragous. [R.] -- n.
Defn: That which breaks or destroys stones. [R.]
SAXIFRAGE Sax"i*frage (; 48), n. Etym: [L. saxifraga, from saxifragus stone- breaking; saxum rock + frangere to break: cf. F. saxifrage. See Fracture, and cf. Sassafras, Saxon.] (Bot.)
Defn: Any plant of the genus Saxifraga, mostly perennial herbs growing in crevices of rocks in mountainous regions. Burnet saxifrage, a European umbelliferous plant (Pimpinella Saxifraga). -- Golden saxifrage, a low half-sacculent herb (Chrysosplenium oppositifolium) growing in rivulets in Europe; also, C. Americanum, common in the United States. See also under Golden. -- Meadow saxifrage, or Pepper saxifrage. See under Meadow.
SAXIFRAGOUS Sax*if"ra*gous, a. Etym: [L. saxifragus: cf. F. saxifrage. See Saxifrage.]
Defn: Dissolving stone, especially dissolving stone in the bladder.
SAXON Sax"on, n. Etym: [l. Saxo, pl. Saxones, from the Saxon national name; cf. AS. pl. Seaxe, Seaxan, fr. seax a knife, a short sword, a dagger (akin to OHG. sahs, and perhaps to L. saxum rock, stone, knives being originally made of stone); and cf. G. Sachse, pl. Sachsen. Cf. Saxifrage.]
1. (a) One of a nation or people who formerly dwelt in the nothern part of Germany, and who, with other Teutonic tribes, invaded and conquered England in the fifth and sixth centuries. (b) Also used in the sense of Anglo-Saxon. (c) A native or inhabitant of modern Saxony.
2. The language of the Saxons; Anglo-Saxon. old Saxon, the saxon of the continent of Europe in the old form of the language, as shown particularly in the "Heliand", a metrical narration of the gospel history preserved in manuscripts of the 9th century.
SAXON Sax"on, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Saxons, their country, or their language. (b) Anglo-Saxon. (c) Of or pertaining to Saxony or its inhabitants. Saxon blue (Dyeing), a deep blue liquid used in dyeing, and obtained by dissolving indigo in concentrated sulphuric acid. Brande & C. -- Saxon green (Dyeing), a green color produced by dyeing with yellow upon a ground of Saxon blue.
SAXONIC Sax*on"ic, a.
Defn: relating to the saxons or Anglo-Saxons.
SAXONISM Sax"on*ism, n.
Defn: An idiom of the Saxon or Anglo-Saxon language. T. Warton.
SAXONIST Sax"on*ist, n.
Defn: One versed in the Saxon language.
SAXONITE Sax"on*ite, n. (Min.)
Defn: See Mountain soap, under Mountain.
SAXONY Sax"o*ny, n. [So named after the kingdom of Saxony, reputed to produce fine wool.]
1. A kind of glossy woolen cloth formerly much used.
2. Saxony yarn, or flannel made of it or similar yarn.
SAXONY YARN Saxony yarn.
Defn: A fine grade of woolen yarn twisted somewhat harder and smoother than zephyr yarn.
SAXOPHONE Sax"o*phone, n. Etym: [A.A.J. Sax, the inventor (see Saxhorn) + Gr. (Mus.)
Defn: A wind instrument of brass, containing a reed, and partaking of the qualities both of a brass instrument and of a clarinet.
SAX-TUBA Sax"-tu`ba, n. Etym: [See Saxhorn, and Tube.] (Mus.)
Defn: A powerful instrument of brass, curved somewhat like the Roman buccina, or tuba.
SAY Say, obs. imp. of See.
Defn: Saw. Chaucer.
SAY Say, n. Etym: [Aphetic form of assay.]
1. Trial by sample; assay; sample; specimen; smack. [Obs.] if those principal works of God . . . be but certain tastes and saus, as if were, of that final benefit. Hooker. Thy tongue some say of breeding breathes. Shak.
2. Tried quality; temper; proof. [Obs.] he found a sword of better say. Spenser.
3. Essay; trial; attempt. [Obs.] To give a say at, to attempt. B. Jonson.
SAY Say, v. t.
Defn: To try; to assay. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
SAY Say, n. Etym: [OE. saie, F. saie, fr. L. saga, equiv. to sagum, sagus, a coarse woolen mantle; cf. Gr. Sagum.]
1. A kind of silk or satin. [Obs.] Thou say, thou serge, nay, thou buckram lord! Shak.
2. A delicate kind of serge, or woolen cloth. [Obs.] His garment neither was of silk nor say. Spenser.
SAY Say, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Said, contracted from sayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Saying.] Etym: [OE. seggen, seyen, siggen, sayen, sayn, AS. secgan; akin to OS. seggian, D. zeggen, LG. seggen, OHG. sag, G. sagen, Icel. segja, Sw. säga, Dan. sige, Lith. sakyti; cf. OL. insece teil, relate, Gr. Saga, Saw a saying.]
1. To utter or express in words; to tell; to speak; to declare; as, he said many wise things. Arise, and say how thou camest here. Shak.
2. To repeat; to rehearse; to recite; to pronounce; as, to say a lesson. Of my instruction hast thou nothing bated In what thou hadst to say Shak. After which shall be said or sung the following hymn. Bk. of Com. Prayer.
3. To announce as a decision or opinion; to state positively; to assert; hence, to form an opinion upon; to be sure about; to be determined in mind as to. But what it is, hard is to say. Milton.
4. To mention or suggest as an estimate, hypothesis, or approximation; hence, to suppose; -- in the imperative, followed sometimes by the subjunctive; as, he had, say fifty thousand dollars; the fox had run, say ten miles. Say, for nonpayment that the debt should double, Is twenty hundred kisses such a trouble Shak. It is said, or They say, it is commonly reported; it is rumored; people assert or maintain. -- That is to say, that is; in other words; otherwise.
SAY Say, v. i.
Defn: To speak; to express an opinion; to make answer; to reply. You have said; but whether wisely or no, let the forest judge. Shak. To this argument we shall soon have said; for what concerns it us to hear a husband divulge his household privacies Milton.
SAY Say, n. Etym: [From Say, v. t.; cf. Saw a saying.]
Defn: A speech; something said; an expression of opinion; a current story; a maxim or proverb. [Archaic or Colloq.] He no sooner said out his say, but up rises a cunning snap. L'Estrange. That strange palmer's boding say, That fell so ominous and drear Full on the object of his fear. Sir W. Scott.
SAYER Say"er, n.
Defn: One who says; an utterer. Mr. Curran was something much better than a sayer of smart sayings. Jeffrey.
SAYETTE Sa*yette", n. Etym: [F. Cf. Say a kind of serge.]
Defn: A mixed stuff, called also sagathy. See Sagathy.
SAYING Say"ing, n.
Defn: That which is said; a declaration; a statement, especially a proverbial one; an aphorism; a proverb. Many are the sayings of the wise, In ancient and in modern books enrolled. Milton.
Syn. -- Declaration; speech; adage; maxim; aphorism; apothegm; saw; proverb; byword.
SAYMAN Say"man, n. Etym: [Say sample + man.]
Defn: One who assays. [Obs.]
SAYMASTER Say"mas`ter, n.
Defn: A master of assay; one who tries or proves. [Obs.] "Great saymaster of state." D. Jonson.
SAYND Saynd,
Defn: obs. p. p. of Senge, to singe. Chaucer.
'SBLOOD 'Sblood, interj.
Defn: An abbreviation of God's blood; -- used as an oath. [Obs.] Shak.
SCAB Scab, n. Etym: [OE. scab, scabbe, shabbe; cf. AS. scæb, sceabb, scebb, Dan. & Sw. skab, and also L. scabies, tr. scabere to scratch, akin to E. shave. See Shave, and cf. Shab, Shabby.]
1. An incrustation over a sore, wound, vesicle, or pustule, formed by the drying up of the discharge from the diseased part.
2. The itch in man; also, the scurvy. [Colloq. or Obs.]
3. The mange, esp. when it appears on sheep. Chaucer.
4. A disease of potatoes producing pits in their surface, caused by a minute fungus (Tiburcinia Scabies).
5. (Founding)
Defn: A slight iregular protuberance which defaces the surface of a casting, caused by the breaking away of a part of the mold.
6. A mean, dirty, paltry fellow. [Low] Shak.
7. A nickname for a workman who engages for lower wages than are fixed by the trades unions; also, for one who takes the place of a workman on a strike. [Cant]
SCAB Scab, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Scabbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Scabbing.]
Defn: To become covered with a scab; as, the wound scabbed over.
SCABBARD Scab"bard, n. Etym: [OE. scaubert, scauberk, OF. escaubers, escauberz, pl., scabbards, probably of German or Scan. origin; cf. Icel. skalpr scabbard, and G. bergen to conceal. Cf. Hauberk.]
Defn: The case in which the blade of a sword, dagger, etc., is kept; a sheath. Nor in thy scabbard sheathe that famous blade. Fairfax. Scabbard fish (Zoöl.), a long, compressed, silver-colored tænioid fish (Lepidopus caudatus, or argyreus), found on the European coasts, and more abundantly about New Zealand, where it is called frostfish and considered an excellent food fish.
SCABBARD Scab"bard, v. t.
Defn: To put in a scabbard.
SCABBARD PLANE Scab"bard plane`.
Defn: See Scaleboard plane, under Scaleboard.
SCABBED Scab"bed ( or ), a.
1. Abounding with scabs; diseased with scabs.
2. Fig.: Mean; paltry; vile; worthless. Bacon.
SCABBEDNESS Scab"bed*ness, n.
Defn: Scabbiness.
SCABBILY Scab"bi*ly, adv.
Defn: In a scabby manner.
SCABBINESS Scab"bi*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being scabby.
SCABBLE Scab"ble, v. t.
Defn: See Scapple.
SCABBY Scab"by, a. [Compar. Scabbier (; superl. Scabbiest.]
1. Affected with scabs; full of scabs.
2. Diseased with the scab, or mange; mangy. Swift.
SCABIES Sca"bi*es, n. (Med.)
Defn: The itch.
SCABIOUS Sca"bi*ous, a. Etym: [L. scabious, from scabies the scab: cf. F. scabieux.]
Defn: Consisting of scabs; rough; itchy; leprous; as, scabious eruptions. Arbuthnot.
SCABIOUS Sca"bi*ous, n. Etym: [Cf. F. scabieuse. See Scabious, a.] (Bot.)
Defn: Any plant of the genus Scabiosa, several of the species of which are common in Europe. They resemble the Compositæ, and have similar heads of flowers, but the anthers are not connected. Sweet scabious (a) Mourning bride. (b) A daisylike plant (Erigeron annuus) having a stout branching stem.
SCABLING Scab"ling, n. Etym: [See Scapple.]
Defn: A fragment or chip of stone. [Written also scabline.]
SCABREDITY Sca*bred"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. scabredo, fr. scaber rough.]
Defn: Roughness; ruggedness. [Obs.] Burton.
SCABROUS Sca"brous, a. Etym: [L. scabrosus, fr. scaber rough: cf. F. scabreux.]
1. Rough to the touch, like a file; having small raised dots, scales, or points; scabby; scurfy; scaly. Arbuthnot.
2. Fig.: Harsh; unmusical. [R.] His verse is scabrous and hobbling. Dryden.
SCABROUSNESS Sca"brous*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being scabrous.
SCABWORT Scab"wort`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: Elecampane.
SCAD Scad, n. Etym: [Gael. & ir. sgadan a herring.] (Zoöl.) (a) A small carangoid fish (Trachurus saurus) abundant on the European coast, and less common on the American. The name is applied also to several allied species. (b) The goggler; -- called also big-eyed scad. See Goggler. (c) The friar skate. [Scot.] (d) The cigar fish, or round robin.
SCAFFOLD Scaf"fold, n. Etym: [OF. eschafault, eschafaut, escafaut, escadafaut, F. échafaud; probably oiginally the same word as E. & F. catafalque, It. catafafalco. See Catafalque.]
1. A temporary structure of timber, boards, etc., for various purposes, as for supporting workmen and materials in building, for exhibiting a spectacle upon, for holding the spectators at a show, etc. Pardon, gentles all, The flat, unraised spirits that have dared On this unworthy scaffold to bring forth So great an object. Shak.
2. Specifically, a stage or elevated platform for the execution of a criminal; as, to die on the scaffold. That a scaffold of execution should grow a scaffold of coronation. Sir P. Sidney.
3. (Metal.)
Defn: An accumulation of adherent, partly fused material forming a shelf, or dome-shaped obstruction, above the tuyères in a blast furnace.
SCAFFOLD Scaf"fold, v. t.
Defn: To furnish or uphold with a scaffold.
SCAFFOLDAGE Scaf"fold*age, n.
Defn: A scaffold. [R.] Shak.
SCAFFOLDING Scaf"fold*ing, n.
1. A scaffold; a supporting framework; as, the scaffolding of the body. Pope.
2. Materials for building scaffolds.
SCAGLIA Scagl"ia, n. Etym: [It. scaglia a scale, a shell, a ship of marble.]
Defn: A reddish variety of limestone.
SCAGLIOLA Scagl*io"la, n. Etym: [It. scagliuola, dim. of scaglia. See Scaglia.]
Defn: An imitation of any veined and ornamental stone, as marble, formed by a substratum of finely ground gypsum mixed with glue, the surface of which, while soft, is variegated with splinters of marble, spar, granite, etc., and subsequently colored and polished.
SCALA Sca"la, n.; pl. Scalæ. Etym: [L., a ladder.]
1. (Surg.)
Defn: A machine formerly employed for reducing dislocations of the humerus.
2. (Anat.)
Defn: A term applied to any one of the three canals of the cochlea.
SCALABLE Scal"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being scaled.
SCALADE; SCALADO Sca*lade", Sca*la"do, n. (Mil.)
Defn: See Escalade. Fairfax.
SCALAR Sca"lar, n. (Math.)
Defn: In the quaternion analysis, a quantity that has magnitude, but not direction; -- distinguished from a vector, which has both magnitude and direction.
SCALARIA Sca*la"ri*a, n. Etym: [L., flight of steps.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of marine gastropods of the genus Scalaria, or family Scalaridæ, having elongated spiral turreted shells, with rounded whorls, usually crossed by ribs or varices. The color is generally white or pale. Called also ladder shell, and wentletrap. See Ptenoglossa, and Wentletrap.
SCALARIFORM Sca*lar"i*form, a. Etym: [L. scalare, scalaria, staircase, ladder + - form: cf. F. scalariforme.]
1. Resembling a ladder in form or appearance; having transverse bars or markings like the rounds of a ladder; as, the scalariform cells and scalariform pits in some plants.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Like or pertaining to a scalaria.
SCALARY Sca"la*ry, a. Etym: [L. scalaris, fr. scale, pl. scala, staircase, ladder.]
Defn: Resembling a ladder; formed with steps. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
SCALAWAG Scal"a*wag, n.
Defn: A scamp; a scapegrace. [Spelt also scallawag.] [Slang, U.S.] Bartlett.
SCALD Scald, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scaled; p. pr. & vb. n. Scalding.] Etym: [OF. eschalder, eschauder, escauder, F. échauder, fr. L. excaldare; ex + caldus, calidus, warm, hot. See Ex, and Calderon.]
1. To burn with hot liquid or steam; to pain or injure by contact with, or imersion in, any hot fluid; as, to scald the hand. Mine own tears Do scald like molten lead. Shak. Here the blue flames of scalding brimstone fall. Cowley.
2. To expose to a boiling or violent heat over a fire, or in hot water or other liquor; as, to scald milk or meat.
SCALD Scald, n.
Defn: A burn, or injury to the skin or flesh, by some hot liquid, or by steam.
SCALD Scald, a. Etym: [For scalled. See Scall.]
1. Affected with the scab; scaby. Shak.
2. Scurry; paltry; as, scald rhymers. [Obs.] Shak. Scald crow (Zoöl.), the hooded crow. [Ireland] -- Scald head (Med.), a name popularly given to several diseases of the scalp characterized by pustules (the dried discharge of which forms scales) and by falling out of the hair.
SCALD Scald, n.
Defn: Scurf on the head. See Scall. Spenser.
SCALD Scald ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [Icel. skald.]
Defn: One of the ancient Scandinavian poets and historiographers; a reciter and singer of heroic poems, etc., among the Norsemen; more rarely, a bard of any of the ancient Teutonic tribes. [Written also skald.] A war song such as was of yore chanted on the field of battle by the scalds of the yet heathen Saxons. Sir W. Scott.
SCALDER Scald"er, n.
Defn: A Scandinavian poet; a scald.
SCALDFISH Scald"fish`, n. Etym: [Scald, a. + fish.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A European flounder (Arnoglosus laterna, or Psetta arnoglossa); -- called also megrin, and smooth sole.
SCALDIC Scald"ic ( or ), a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to the scalds of the Norsemen; as, scaldic poetry.
SCALE Scale, n. Etym: [AS. scale; perhaps influenced by the kindred Icel. skal balance, dish, akin also to D. schaal a scale, bowl, shell, G. schale, OHG. scala, Dan. skaal drinking cup, bowl, dish, and perh. to E. scale of a fish. Cf. Scale of a fish, Skull the brain case.]
1. The dish of a balance; hence, the balance itself; an instrument or machine for weighing; as, to turn the scale; -- chiefly used in the plural when applied to the whole instrument or apparatus for weighing. Also used figuratively. Long time in even scale The battle hung. Milton. The scales are turned; her kindness weighs no more Now than my vows. Waller.
2. (Astron.)
Defn: The sign or constellation Libra. Platform scale. See under Platform. tip the scales, influence an action so as to change an outcome from one likely result to another.
SCALE Scale, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scaled; p. pr. & vb. n. Scaling.]
Defn: To weigh or measure according to a scale; to measure; also, to grade or vary according to a scale or system. Scaling his present bearing with his past. Shak. To scale, or scale down, a debt, wages, etc., to reduce a debt, etc., according to a fixed ratio or scale. [U.S.]
SCALE Scale, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. scealu, scalu, a shell, parings; akin to D. schaal, G. schale, OHG. scala, Dan. & Sw. skal a shell, Dan. skiæl a fish scale, Goth. skalja tile, and E. shale, shell, and perhaps also to scale of a balance; butperhaps rather fr. OF. escale, escaile, F. écaille scale of a fish, and écale shell of beans, pease, egs, nuts, of German origin, and akin to Goth. skalja, G. schale. See Shale.]
1. (Anat.)
Defn: One of the small, thin, membranous, bony or horny pieces which form the covering of many fishes and reptiles, and some mammals, belonging to the dermal part of the skeleton, or dermoskeleton. See Cycloid, Ctenoid, and Ganoid. Fish that, with their fins and shining scales, Glide under the green wave. Milton.
2. Hence, any layer or leaf of metal or other material, resembling in size and thinness the scale of a fish; as, a scale of iron, of bone, etc.
3. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the small scalelike structures covering parts of some invertebrates, as those on the wings of Lepidoptera and on the body of Thysanura; the elytra of certain annelids. See Lepidoptera.
4. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A scale insect. (See below.)
5. (Bot.)
Defn: A small appendage like a rudimentary leaf, resembling the scales of a fish in form, and often in arrangement; as, the scale of a bud, of a pine cone, and the like. The name is also given to the chaff on the stems of ferns.
6. The thin metallic side plate of the handle of a pocketknife. See Illust. of Pocketknife.
7. An incrustation deposit on the inside of a vessel in which water is heated, as a steam boiler.
8. (Metal.)
Defn: The thin oxide which forms on the surface of iron forgings. It consists esentially of the magnetic oxide, Fe3O4. Also, a similar coating upon other metals. Covering scale (Zoöl.), a hydrophyllium. -- Ganoid scale (Zoöl.) See under Ganoid. -- Scale armor (Mil.), armor made of small metallic scales overlapping, and fastened upon leather or cloth. -- Scale beetle (Zoöl.), the tiger beetle. -- Scale carp (Zoöl.), a carp having normal scales. -- Scale insect (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of small hemipterous insects belonging to the family Coccidæ, in which the females, when adult, become more or less scalelike in form. They are found upon the leaves and twigs of various trees and shrubs, and often do great damage to fruit trees. See Orange scale,under Orange. -- Scale moss (Bot.), any leafy-stemmed moss of the order Hepaticæ; -- so called from the small imbricated scalelike leaves of most of the species. See Hepatica, 2, and Jungermannia.
SCALE Scale, v. t.
1. To strip or clear of scale or scales; as, to scale a fish; to scale the inside of a boiler.
2. To take off in thin layers or scales, as tartar from the teeth; to pare off, as a surface. "If all the mountaines were scaled, and the earth made even." T. Burnet.
3. To scatter; to spread. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
4. (Gun.)
Defn: To clean, as the inside of a cannon, by the explosion of a small quantity of powder. Totten.
SCALE Scale, v. i.
1. To separate and come off in thin layers or laminæ; as, some sandstone scales by exposure. Those that cast their shell are the lobster and crab; the old skins are found, but the old shells never; so it is likely that they scale off. Bacon.
2. To separate; to scatter. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
SCALE Scale, n. Etym: [L. scalae, pl., scala staircase, ladder; akin to scandere to climb. See Scan; cf. Escalade.]
1. A ladder; a series of steps; a means of ascending. [Obs.]
2. Hence, anything graduated, especially when employed as a measure or rule, or marked by lines at regular intervals. Specifically: (a) A mathematical instrument, consisting of a slip of wood, ivory, or metal, with one or more sets of spaces graduated and numbered on its surface, for measuring or laying off distances, etc., as in drawing, plotting, and the like. See Gunter's scale. (b) A series of spaces marked by lines, and representing proportionately larger distances; as, a scale of miles, yards, feet, etc., for a map or plan. (c) A basis for a numeral system; as, the decimal scale; the binary scale, etc. (d) (Mus.) The graduated series of all the tones, ascending or descending, from the keynote to its octave; -- called also the gamut. It may be repeated through any number of octaves. See Chromatic scale, Diatonic scale, Major scale, and Minor scale, under Chromatic, Diatonic, Major, and Minor.
3. Gradation; succession of ascending and descending steps and degrees; progressive series; scheme of comparative rank or order; as, a scale of being. There is a certain scale of duties . . . which for want of studying in right order, all the world is in confusion. Milton.
4. Relative dimensions, without difference in proportion of parts; size or degree of the parts or components in any complex thing, compared with other like things; especially, the relative proportion of the linear dimensions of the parts of a drawing, map, model, etc., to the dimensions of the corresponding parts of the object that is represented; as, a map on a scale of an inch to a mile. Scale of chords, a graduated scale on which are given the lengths of the chords of arcs from 0º to 90º in a circle of given radius, -- used in measuring given angles and in plotting angles of given numbers of degrees.
SCALE Scale, v. t. Etym: [Cf. It. scalare, fr. L. scale, scala. See Scale a ladder.]
Defn: To climb by a ladder, or as if by a ladder; to ascend by steps or by climbing; to clamber up; as, to scale the wall of a fort. Oft have I scaled the craggy oak. Spenser.
SCALE Scale, v. i.
Defn: To lead up by steps; to ascend. [Obs.] Satan from hence, now on the lower stair, That scaled by steps of gold to heaven-gate, Looks down with wonder. Milton.
SCALEBACK Scale"back`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of marine annelids of the family Polynoidæ, and allies, which have two rows of scales, or elytra, along the back. See Illust. under Chætopoda.
SCALEBEAM Scale"beam`, n.
1. The lever or beam of a balance; the lever of a platform scale, to which the poise for weighing is applied.
2. A weighing apparatus with a sliding weight, resembling a steelyard.
SCALEBOARD Scale"board` (; commonly , n. Etym: [3d scale + board.]
1. (Print.)
Defn: A thin slip of wood used to justify a page. [Obs.] Crabb.
2. A thin veneer of leaf of wood used for covering the surface of articles of firniture, and the like. Scaleboard plane, a plane for cutting from a board a wide shaving forming a scaleboard.
SCALED Scaled, a.
1. Covered with scales, or scalelike structures; -- said of a fish, a reptile, a moth, etc.
2. Without scales, or with the scales removed; as, scaled herring.
3. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having feathers which in form, color, or arrangement somewhat resemble scales; as, the scaled dove. Scaled dove (Zoöl.), any American dove of the genus Scardafella. Its colored feather tips resemble scales.
SCALELESS Scale"less, a.
Defn: Destitute of scales.
SCALENE Sca*lene", a. Etym: [L. scalenus, Gr. scalène.]
1. (Geom.) (a) Having the sides and angles unequal; -- said of a triangle. (b) Having the axis inclined to the base, as a cone.
2. (Anat.) (a) Designating several triangular muscles called scalene muscles. (b) Of or pertaining to the scalene muscles. Scalene muscles (Anat.), a group of muscles, usually three on each side in man, extending from the cervical vertebræ to the first and second ribs.
SCALENE Sca*lene", n. (Geom.)
Defn: A triangle having its sides and angles unequal.
SCALENOHEDRAL Sca*le`no*he"dral, a. (Crystallog.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to a scalenohedron.
SCALENOHEDRON Sca*le`no*he"dron, n. Etym: [Gr. (Crystallog.)
Defn: A pyramidal form under the rhombohedral system, inclosed by twelve faces, each a scalene triangle.
SCALER Scal"er, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, scales; specifically, a dentist's instrument for removing tartar from the teeth.
SCALE-WINGED Scale"-winged`, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having the wings covered with small scalelike structures, as the lepidoptera; scaly-winged.
SCALINESS Scal"i*ness, n.
Defn: The state of being scaly; roughness.
SCALING Scal"ing, a.
1. Adapted for removing scales, as from a fish; as, a scaling knife; adapted for removing scale, as from the interior of a steam boiler; as, a scaling hammer, bar, etc.
2. Serving as an aid in clambering; as, a scaling ladder, used in assaulting a fortified place.
SCALIOLA Scal*io"la, n.
Defn: Same as Scagliola.
SCALL Scall, n. Etym: [Icel. skalli a bald head. Cf. Scald, a.]
Defn: A scurf or scabby disease, especially of the scalp. It is a dry scall, even a leprosy upon the head. Lev. xiii. 30.
SCALL Scall, a.
Defn: Scabby; scurfy. [Obs.] Shak.
SCALLED Scalled, a.
Defn: Scabby; scurfy; scall. [Obs.] "With scalled brows black." Chaucer. Scalled head. (Med.) See Scald head, under Scald, a.
SCALLION Scal"lion, n. Etym: [OF. escalone, escaloingne, L. caepa Ascalonius of Ascalon, fr. Ascalo Ascalon, a town in Palestine. Cf. Shallot.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A kind of small onion (Allium Ascalonicum), native of Palestine; the eschalot, or shallot.
2. Any onion which does not "bottom out," but remains with a thick stem like a leek. Amer. Cyc.
SCALLOP Scal"lop, n. Etym: [OF. escalope a shell, probably of German or Dutch origin, and akin to E. scale of a fish; cf. D. schelp shell. See Scale of a fish, and cf. Escalop.] [Written also scollop.]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of marine bivalve mollusks of the genus Pecten and allied genera of the family Pectinidæ. The shell is usually radially ribbed, and the edge is therefore often undulated in a characteristic manner. The large adductor muscle of some the species is much used as food. One species (Vola Jacobæus) occurs on the coast of Palestine, and its shell was formerly worn by pilgrims as a mark that they had been to the Holy Land. Called also fan shell. See Pecten, 2.
Note: The common edible scallop of the Eastern United States is Pecten irradians; the large sea scallop, also used as food, is P. Clontonius, or tenuicostastus.
2. One of series of segments of circles joined at their extremities, forming a border like the edge or surface of a scallop shell.
3. One of the shells of a scallop; also, a dish resembling a scallop shell.
SCALLOP Scal"lop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scalloped; p. pr. & vb. n. Scalloping.]
1. To mark or cut the edge or border of into segments of circles, like the edge or surface of a scallop shell. See Scallop, n., 2.
2. (Cookery)
Defn: To bake in scallop shells or dishes; to prepare with crumbs of bread or cracker, and bake. See Scalloped oysters, below.
SCALLOPED Scal"loped, a.
1. Furnished with a scallop; made or done with or in a scallop.
2. Having the edge or border cut or marked with segments of circles. See Scallop, n., 2.
3. (Cookery)
Defn: Baked in a scallop; cooked with crumbs. Scalloped oysters (Cookery), opened oysters baked in a deep dish with alternate layers of bread or cracker crumbs, seasoned with pepper, nutmeg, and butter. This was at first done in scallop shells.
SCALLOPER Scal"lop*er, n.
Defn: One who fishes for scallops.
SCALLOPING Scal"lop*ing, n.
Defn: Fishing for scallops.
SCALP Scalp, n. Etym: [Cf. Scallop.]
Defn: A bed of oysters or mussels. [Scot.]
SCALP Scalp, n. Etym: [Perhaps akin to D. schelp shell. Cf. Scallop.]
1. That part of the integument of the head which is usually covered with hair. By the bare scalp of Robin Hodd's fat friar, This fellow were a king for our wild faction! Shak.
2. A part of the skin of the head, with the hair attached, cut or torn off from an enemy by the Indian warriors of North America, as a token of victory.
3. Fig.: The top; the summit. Macaulay. Scalp lock, a long tuft of hair left on the crown of the head by the warriors of some tribes of American Indians.
SCALP Scalp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scalped; p. pr. & vb. n. Scalping.]
1. To deprive of the scalp; to cut or tear the scalp from the head of.
2. (Surg.)
Defn: To remove the skin of. We must scalp the whole lid [of the eye]. J. S. Wells.
3. (Milling.)
Defn: To brush the hairs of fuzz from, as wheat grains, in the process of high milling. Knight.
SCALP Scalp, v. i.
Defn: To make a small, quick profit by slight fluctuations of the market; -- said of brokers who operate in this way on their own account. [Cant]
SCALPEL Scal"pel, n. Etym: [L scalpellum, dim. of scalprum a knife, akin to scalpere to cut, carve, scrape: cf. F. scalpel.] (Surg.)
Defn: A small knife with a thin, keen blade, -- used by surgeons, and in dissecting.
SCALPER Scalper, n.
1. One who, or that which, scalps.
2. (Surg.)
Defn: Same as Scalping iron, under Scalping.
3. A broker who, dealing on his own account, tries to get a small and quick profit from slight fluctuations of the market. [Cant]
4. A person who buys and sells the unused parts of railroad tickets. [Cant]
SCALPING Scalp"ing,
Defn: a. & n. from Scalp. Scalping iron (Surg.), an instrument used in scraping foul and carious bones; a raspatory. -- Scalping knife, a knife used by north American Indians in scalping.
SCALPRIFORM Scal"pri*form, a. Etym: [L. scalprum chisel, knife + -form.] (Anat.)
Defn: Shaped like a chisel; as, the scalpriform incisors of rodents.
SCALY Scal"y, a.
1. Covered or abounding with scales; as, a scaly fish. "Scaly crocodile." Milton.
2. Resembling scales, laminæ, or layers.
3. Mean; low; as, a scaly fellow. [Low]
4. (Bot.)
Defn: Composed of scales lying over each other; as, a scaly bulb; covered with scales; as, a scaly stem. Scaly ant-eater (Zoöl.), the pangolin.
SCALY-WINGED Scal"y-winged`, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Scale-winged.
SCAMBLE Scam"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Scambled; p. pr. & vb. n. Scambling.] Etym: [Cf. OD. schampelen to deviate, to slip, schampen to go away, escape, slip, and E. scamper, shamble.]
1. To move awkwardly; to be shuffling, irregular, or unsteady; to sprawl; to shamble. "Some scambling shifts." Dr. H. More. "A fine old hall, but a scambling house." Evelyn.
2. To move about pushing and jostling; to be rude and turbulent; to scramble. "The scambling and unquiet time did push it out of . . . question." Shak.
SCAMBLE Scam"ble, v. t.
Defn: To mangle. [Obs.] Mortimer.
SCAMBLER Scam"bler, n.
Defn: 1. One who scambles.
2. A bold intruder upon the hospitality of others; a mealtime visitor. [Scot.]
SCAMBLINGLY Scam"bling*ly, adv.
Defn: In a scambling manner; with turbulence and noise; with bold intrusiveness.
SCAMELL; SCAMMEL Scam"ell, or; Scam"mel, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The female bar-tailed godwit. [Prov. Eng.]
Note: Whether this is the scamel mentioned by Shakespeare ["Tempest," ii. 2] is not known.
SCAMILLUS Sca*mil"lus, n.; pl. Scamilli. Etym: [L., originally, a little bench, dim. of scamnum bench, stool.] (Arch.)
Defn: A sort of second plinth or block, below the bases of Ionic and Corinthian columns, generally without moldings, and of smaller size horizontally than the pedestal.
SCAMMONIATE Scam*mo"ni*ate, a.
Defn: Made from scammony; as, a scammoniate aperient.
SCAMMONY Scam"mo*ny, n. Etym: [F. scammonée, L. scammonia, scammonea, Gr.
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A species of bindweed or Convolvulus (C. Scammonia).
2. An inspissated sap obtained from the rot of the Convolvulus Scammonia, of a blackish gray color, a nauseous smell like that of old cheese, and a somewhat acrid taste. It is used in medicine as a cathartic.
SCAMP Scamp, n. Etym: [OF. escamper to run away, to make one's escape. originally, one who runs away, a fugitive, a vagabond. See Scamper.]
Defn: A rascal; a swindler; a rogue. De Quincey.
SCAMP Scamp, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Scamp,n., or Scant, a., and Skimp.]
Defn: To perform in a hasty, neglectful, or imperfect manner; to do superficially. [Colloq.] A workman is said to scamp his work when he does it in a superficial, dishonest manner. Wedgwood. Much of the scamping and dawdling complained of is that of men in establishments of good repute. T. Hughes.
SCAMPAVIA Scam`pa*vi"a, n. Etym: [It.]
Defn: A long, low war galley used by the Neapolitans and Sicilians in the early part of the nineteenth century.
SCAMPER Scam"per, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Scampered; p. pr. & vb. n. Scampering.] Etym: [OF. escamper to escape, to save one's self; L. ex from + campus the field (sc. of battle). See Camp, and cf. Decamp, Scamp, n., Shamble, v. t.]
Defn: To run with speed; to run or move in a quick, hurried manner; to hasten away. Macaulay. The lady, however, . . . could not help scampering about the room after a mouse. S. Sharpe.
SCAMPER Scam"per, n.
Defn: A scampering; a hasty flight.
SCAMPERER Scam"per*er, n.
Defn: One who scampers. Tyndell.
SCAMPISH Scamp"ish, a.
Defn: Of or like a scamp; knavish; as, scampish conduct.
SCAN Scan, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scanned; p. pr. & vb. n. Scanning.] Etym: [L. scandere, scansum, to climb, to scan, akin to Skr. skand to spring, leap: cf. F. scander. Cf. Ascend, Descend, Scale a ladder.]
1. To mount by steps; to go through with step by step. [Obs.] Nor stayed till she the highest stage had scand. Spenser.
2. Specifically (Pros.), to go through with, as a verse, marking and distinguishing the feet of which it is composed; to show, in reading, the metrical structure of; to recite metrically.
3. To go over and examine point by point; to examine with care; to look closely at or into; to scrutinize. The actions of men in high stations are all conspicuous, and liable to be scanned and sifted. Atterbury.
SCANDAL Scan"dal, n. Etym: [F. scandale, fr. L. scandalum, Gr. scandle, OF. escandle. See Slander.]
1. Offense caused or experienced; reproach or reprobation called forth by what is regarded as wrong, criminal, heinous, or flagrant: opprobrium or disgrace. O, what a scandal is it to our crown, That two such noble peers as ye should jar! Shak. [I] have brought scandal To Israel, diffidence of God, and doubt In feeble hearts. Milton.
2. Reproachful aspersion; opprobrious censure; defamatory talk, uttered heedlessly or maliciously. You must not put another scandal on him. Shak. My known virtue is from scandal free. Dryden.
3. (Equity)
Defn: Anything alleged in pleading which is impertinent, and is reproachful to any person, or which derogates from the dignity of the court, or is contrary to good manners. Daniell.
Syn. -- Defamation; detraction; slander; calumny; opprobrium; reproach; shame; disgrace.
SCANDAL Scan"dal, v. t.
1. To treat opprobriously; to defame; to asperse; to traduce; to slander. [R.] I do faws on men and hug them hard And after scandal them. Shak.
2. To scandalize; to offend. [Obs.] Bp. Story.
Syn. -- To defame; traduce; reproach; slander; calumniate; asperse; vilify; disgarce.
SCANDALIZE Scan"dal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scandalized (; p. pr. & vb. n. Scandalizing (.] Etym: [F. scandaliser, L. scandalizare, from Gr. skandali`zein.]
1. To offend the feelings of the conscience of (a person) by some action which is considered immoral or criminal; to bring shame, disgrace, or reproach upon. I demand who they are whom we scandalize by using harmless things. Hooker. the congregation looked on in silence, the better class scandalized, and the lower orders, some laughing, others backing the soldier or the minister, as their fancy dictated. Sir W. Scott.
2. To reproach; to libel; to defame; to slander. To tell his tale might be interpreted into scandalizing the order. Sir W. Scott.
SCANDALOUS Scan"dal*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. scandaleux.]
1. Giving offense to the conscience or moral feelings; exciting reprobation; calling out condemnation. Nothing scandalous or offensive unto any. Hooker.
2. Disgraceful to reputation; bringing shame or infamy; opprobrious; as, a scandalous crime or vice.
3. Defamatory; libelous; as, a scandalous story.
SCANDALOUSLY Scan"dal*ous*ly, adv.
1. In a manner to give offense; shamefully. His discourse at table was scandalously unbecoming the digmity of his station. Swift.
2. With a disposition to impute immorality or wrong. Shun their fault, who, scandalously nice, Will needs mistake an author into vice. Pope.
SCANDALOUSNESS Scan"dal*ous*ness, n.
Defn: Quality of being scandalous.
SCANDALUM MAGNATUM Scan"da*lum mag*na"tum`. Etym: [L., scandal of magnates.] (Law)
Defn: A defamatory speech or writing published to the injury of a person of dignity; -- usually abbreviated scan. mag.
SCANDENT Scan"dent, a. Etym: [L. scandens, -entis, p.pr. of scandere to climb.]
Defn: Climbing.
Note: Scandent plants may climb either by twining, as the hop, or by twisted leafstalks, as the clematis, or by tendrils, as the passion flower, or by rootlets, as the ivy.
SCANDIA Scan"di*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Scandium.] (Chem.)
Defn: A chemical earth, the oxide of scandium.
SCANDIC Scan"dic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to scandium; derived from, or containing, scandium.
SCANDINAVIAN Scan`di*na"vi*an, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Scandinavia, that is, Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. -- n.
Defn: A native or inhabitant of Scandinavia.
SCANDIUM Scan"di*um, n. Etym: [NL. So called because found in Scandinavian minerals] (Chem.)
Defn: A rare metallic element of the boron group, whose existence was predicated under the provisional name ekaboron by means of the periodic law, and subsequently discovered by spectrum analysis in certain rare Scandinavian minerals (euxenite and gadolinite). It has not yet been isolated. Symbol Sc. Atomic weight 44
SCANSION Scan"sion, n. Etym: [L. scansio, fr. scandere, scansum, to climb. See Scan.] (Pros.)
Defn: The act of scanning; distinguishing the metrical feet of a verse by emphasis, pauses, or otherwise.
SCANSORES Scan*so"res, n.; pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. scandere, scansum, to climb.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: An artifical group of birds formerly regarded as an order. They are distributed among several orders by modern ornithologists.
Note: The toes are in pairs, two before and two behind, by which they are enabled to cling to, and climb upon, trees, as the woodpeckers, parrots, cuckoos, and trogons. See Illust. under Aves.
SCANSORIAL Scan*so"ri*al, a. (Zoöl.) (a) Capable of climbing; as, the woodpecker is a scansorial bird; adapted for climbing; as, the scansorial foot. (b) Of or pertaining to the Scansores. See Illust. under Aves. Scansorial tail (Zoöl.), a tail in which the feathers are stiff and sharp at the tip, as in the woodpeckers.
SCANT Scant, a. [Compar. Scanter; superl. Scantest.] Etym: [Icel. skamt, neuter of skamr, skammr, short; cf. skamta to dole out, to portion.]
1. Not full, large, or plentiful; scarcely sufficient; less than is wanted for the purpose; scanty; meager; not enough; as, a scant allowance of provisions or water; a scant pattern of cloth for a garment. His sermon was scant, in all, a quarter of an hour. Ridley.
2. Sparing; parsimonious; chary. Be somewhat scanter of your maiden presence. Shak.
Syn. -- See under Scanty.
SCANT Scant, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Scanting.]
1. To limit; to straiten; to treat illiberally; to stint; as, to scant one in provisions; to scant ourselves in the use of necessaries. Where man hath a great living laid together and where he is scanted. Bacon. I am scanted in the pleasure of dwelling on your actions. Dryden.
2. To cut short; to make small, narrow, or scanty; to curtail. "Scant not my cups." Shak.
SCANT Scant, v. i.
Defn: To fail, of become less; to scantle; as, the wind scants.
SCANT Scant, adv.
Defn: In a scant manner; with difficulty; scarcely; hardly. [Obs.] Bacon. So weak that he was scant able to go down the stairs. Fuller.
SCANT Scant, n.
Defn: Scantness; scarcity. [R.] T. Carew.
SCANTILY Scant"i*ly, adv.
Defn: In a scanty manner; not fully; not plentifully; sparingly; parsimoniously. His mind was very scantily stored with materials. Macaulay.
SCANTINESS Scant"i*ness, n.
Defn: Quality condition of being scanty.
SCANTLE Scan"tle, v. i. Etym: [Dim. of scant, v.]
Defn: To be deficient; to fail. [Obs.] Drayton.
SCANTLE Scan"tle, v. t. Etym: [OF. escanteler, eschanteler, to break into contles; pref. es- (L. ex) + cantel, chantel, corner, side, piece. Confused with E. scant. See Cantle.]
Defn: To scant; to be niggard of; to divide into small pieces; to cut short or down. [Obs.] All their pay Must your discretion scantle; keep it back. J. Webster.
SCANTLET Scant"let, n. Etym: [OF. eschantelet corner.]
Defn: A small pattern; a small quantity. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.
SCANTLING Scant"ling, a. Etym: [See Scant, a.]
Defn: Not plentiful; small; scanty. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
SCANTLING Scant"ling, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. eschantillon, F. échantillon, a sample, pattern, example. In some senses confused with scant insufficient. See Scantle, v. t.]
1. A fragment; a bit; a little piece. Specifically: (a) A piece or quantity cut for a special purpose; a sample. [Obs.] Such as exceed not this scantling; -- to be solace to the sovereign and harmless to the people. Bacon. A pretty scantling of his knowledge may taken by his deferring to be baptized so many years. Milton.
(b) A small quantity; a little bit; not much. [Obs.] Reducing them to narrow scantlings. Jer. Taylor.
2. A piece of timber sawed or cut of a small size, as for studs, rails, etc.
3. The dimensions of a piece of timber with regard to its breadth and thickness; hence, the measure or dimensions of anything.
4. A rough draught; a rude sketch or outline.
5. A frame for casks to lie upon; a trestle. Knight.
SCANTLY Scant"ly, adv.
1. In a scant manner; not fully or sufficiently; narrowly; penuriously. Dryden.
2. Scarcely; hardly; barely. Scantly they durst their feeble eyes dispread Upon that town. Fairfax. We hold a tourney here to-morrow morn, And there is scantly time for half the work. Tennyson.
SCANTNESS Scant"ness, n.
Defn: The quality or condition of being scant; narrowness; smallness; insufficiency; scantiness. "Scantness of outward things." Barrow.
SCANTY Scant"y, a. [Compar. Scantier; superl. Scantiest.] Etym: [From Scant, a.]
1. Wanting amplitude or extent; narrow; small; not abundant. his dominions were very narrow and scanty. Locke. Now scantier limits the proud arch confine. Pope.
2. Somewhat less than is needed; insufficient; scant; as, a scanty supply of words; a scanty supply of bread.
3. Sparing; niggardly; parsimonius. In illustrating a point of difficulty, be not too scanty of words. I. Watts.
Syn. -- Scant; narrow; small; poor; deficient; meager; scarce; chary; sparing; parsimonious; penurious; niggardly; grudging.
SCAPE Scape, n. Etym: [L. scapus shaft, stem, stalk; cf. Gr. scape. Cf. Scepter.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A peduncle rising from the ground or from a subterranean stem, as in the stemless violets, the bloodroot, and the like.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The long basal joint of the antennæ of an insect.
3. (Arch.) (a) The shaft of a column. (b) The apophyge of a shaft.
SCAPE Scape, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Scaped; p. pr. & vb. n. Scaping.] Etym: [Aphetic form of escape.]
Defn: To escape. [Obs. or Poetic.] Milton. Out of this prison help that we may scape. Chaucer.
SCAPE Scape, n.
1. An escape. [Obs.] I spake of most disastrous chances, . . . Of hairbreadth scapes in the imminent, deadly breach. Shak.
2. Means of escape; evasion. [Obs.] Donne.
3. A freak; a slip; a fault; an escapade. [Obs.] Not pardoning so much as the scapes of error and ignorance. Milton.
4. Loose act of vice or lewdness. [Obs.] Shak.
SCAPEGALLOWS Scape"gal`lows, n.
Defn: One who has narrowly escaped the gallows for his crimes. [Colloq.] Dickens.
SCAPEGOAT Scape"goat`, n. Etym: [Scape (for escape) + goat.]
1. (Jewish Antiq.)
Defn: A goat upon whose head were symbolically placed the sins of the people, after which he was suffered to escape into the wilderness. Lev. xvi. 10.
2. Hence, a person or thing that is made to bear blame for others. Tennyson.
SCAPEGRACE Scape"grace`, n.
Defn: A graceless, unprincipled person; one who is wild and reckless. Beaconsfield.
SCAPELESS Scape"less, a. (Bot.)
Defn: Destitute of a scape.
SCAPEMENT Scape"ment, n. Etym: [See Scape, v., Escapement.]
Defn: Same as Escapement, 3.
SCAPE-WHEEL Scape"-wheel`, n. (Horol.)
Defn: the wheel in an escapement (as of a clock or a watch) into the teeth of which the pallets play.
SCAPHANDER Sca*phan"der, n. Etym: [Gr. scaphandre.]
Defn: The case, or impermeable apparel, in which a diver can work while under water.
SCAPHISM Scaph"ism, n. Etym: [Gr. ska`fh a trough.]
Defn: An ancient mode of punishing criminals among the Persians, by confining the victim in a trough, with his head and limbs smeared with honey or the like, and exposed to the sun and to insects until he died.
SCAPHITE Scaph"ite, n. Etym: [L. scapha a boat, fr. Gr. (Paleon.)
Defn: Any fossil cephalopod shell of the genus Scaphites, belonging to the Ammonite family and having a chambered boat-shaped shell. Scaphites are found in the Cretaceous formation.
SCAPHOCEPHALIC Scaph`o*ce*phal"ic, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or affected with, scaphocephaly.
SCAPHOCEPHALY Scaph`o*ceph"a*ly, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)
Defn: A deformed condition of the skull, in which the vault is narrow, clongated, and more or less boat-shaped.
SCAPHOCERITE Scaph`o*ce"rite, n. Etym: [Gr. cerite.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A flattened plate or scale attached to the second joint of the antennæ of many Crustacea.
SCAPHOGNATHITE Sca*phog"na*thite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A thin leafike appendage (the exopodite) of the second maxilla of decapod crustaceans. It serves as a pumping organ to draw the water through the gill cavity.
SCAPHOID Scaph"oid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid: cf. F. scaphoïde.] (Anat.)
Defn: Resembling a boat in form; boat-shaped. -- n.
Defn: The scaphoid bone. Scaphoid bone (a) One of the carpal bones, which articulates with the radius; the radiale. (b) One of the tarsal bones; the navicular bone. See under Navicular.
SCAPHOLUNAR Scaph`o*lu"nar, a. Etym: [Scaphoid + lunar.] (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the scaphoid and lunar bones of the carpus. -- n.
Defn: The scapholunar bone. Scapholunar bone, a bone formed by the coalescence of the scaphoid and lunar in the carpus of carnivora.
SCAPHOPODA Sca*phop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A class of marine cephalate Mollusca having a tubular shell open at both ends, a pointed or spadelike foot for burrowing, and many long, slender, prehensile oral tentacles. It includes Dentalium, or the tooth shells, and other similar shells. Called also Prosopocephala, and Solenoconcha.
SCAPIFORM Sca"pi*form, a. (Bot.)
Defn: Resembling scape, or flower stm.
SCAPOLITE Scap"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. scapus a stem, sta-lite: cf. F. scapolite.] (Mon.)
Defn: A grayish white mineral occuring in tetragonal crystals and in cleavable masses. It is esentially a silicate of aluminia and soda.
Note: The scapolite group includes scapolite proper, or wernerite, also meionite, dipyre, etc.
SCAPPLE Scap"ple, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OF. eskaper, eschapler, to cut, hew, LL. scapellare. Cf. Scabble.] (a) To work roughly, or shape without finishing, as stone before leaving the quarry. (b) To dress in any way short of fine tooling or rubbing, as stone. Gwilt.
SCAPULA Scap"u*la, n.; pl. L. Scapulæ, E. Scapuolas. Etym: [L.]
1. (Anat.)
Defn: The principal bone of the shoulder girdle in mammals; the shoulder blade.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the plates from which the arms of a crinoid arise.
SCAPULAR Scap"u*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. scapulaire. Cf. Scapulary.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to the scapula or the shoulder Scapular arch (Anat.), the pectoral arch. See under pectoral. -- Scapular region, or Scapular tract (Zoöl.), a definite longitudinal area over the shoulder and along each side of the back of a bird, from which the scapular feathers arise.
SCAPULAR Scap"u*lar, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of a special group of feathers which arise from each of the scapular regions and lie along the sides of the back.
SCAPULAR; SCAPULARY Scap"u*lar, Scap"u*la*ry, n. Etym: [F. scapulaire, LL. scapularium, scapulare, fr. L.scapula shoulder blade.]
1. (R.C.Ch.) (a) A loose sleeveless vestment falling in front and behind, worn by certain religious orders and devout persons. (b) The name given to two pieces of cloth worn under the ordinary garb and over the shoulders as an act of devotion. Addis & Arnold.
2. (Surg.)
Defn: A bandage passing over the shoulder to support it, or to retain another bandage in place.
SCAPULARY Scap"u*la*ry, a.
Defn: Same as Scapular, a.
SCAPULARY Scap"u*la*ry, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Same as 2d and 3d Scapular.
SCAPULET Scap"u*let, n. Etym: [Dim. of scapula.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A secondary mouth fold developed at the base of each of the armlike lobes of the manubrium of many rhizostome medusæ. See Illustration in Appendix.
SCAPULO- Scap"u*lo- (.
Defn: A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, the scapula or the shoulder; as, the scapulo- clavicular articulation, the articulation between the scapula and clavicle.
SCAPUS Sca"pus, n. Etym: [L.]
Defn: See 1st Scape.
SCAR Scar, n. Etym: [OF. escare, F. eschare an eschar, a dry slough (cf. It. & Sp. escara), L. eschara, fr. Gr. Eschar.]
1. A mark in the skin or flesh of an animal, made by a wound or ulcer, and remaining after the wound or ulcer is healed; a cicatrix; a mark left by a previous injury; a blemish; a disfigurement. This earth had the beauty of youth, . . . and not a wrinkle, scar, or fracture on all its body. T. Burnet.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: A mark left upon a stem or branch by the fall of a leaf, leaflet, or frond, or upon a seed by the separation of its support. See Illust. under Axillary.
SCAR Scar, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scarred; p. pr. & vb. n. Scarring.]
Defn: To mark with a scar or scars. Yet I'll not shed her blood; Nor scar that whiter skin of hers than snow. Shak. His cheeks were deeply scarred. Macaulay.
SCAR Scar, v. i.
Defn: To form a scar.
SCAR Scar, n. Etym: [Scot. scar, scaur, Icel. sker a skerry, an isolated rock in the sea; akin to Dan. skiær, Sw. skär. Cf. Skerry.]
Defn: An isolated or protruding rock; a steep, rocky eminence; a bare place on the side of a mountain or steep bank of earth. [Written also scaur.] O sweet and far, from cliff and scar, The horns of Elfland faintly blowing. Tennyson.
SCAR Scar, n. Etym: [L. scarus, a kind of fish, Gr. ska`ros.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A marine food fish, the scarus, or parrot fish.
SCARAB; SCARABEE Scar"ab, Scar"a*bee, n. Etym: [L. scarabeus; cf. F. scarabée.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of lamellicorn beetles of the genus Scarabæus, or family Scarabæidæ, especially the sacred, or Egyptian, species (Scarabæus sacer, and S. Egyptiorum).
SCARABAEUS Scar`a*bæ"us, n. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Same as Scarab.
SCARABOID Scar"a*boid, a. Etym: [Scarab + -oid.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the family Scarabæidæ, an extensive group which includes the Egyptian scarab, the tumbleding, and many similar lamellicorn beetles.
SCARABOID Scar"a*boid, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A scaraboid beetle.
SCARAMOUCH Scar"a*mouch`, n. Etym: [F. scaramouche, It.scaramuccio, scaramuccia, originally the name of a celebrated Italian comedian; cf. It. scaramuccia, scaramuccio, F. escarmouche, skirmish. Cf. Skirmish.]
Defn: A personage in the old Italian comedy (derived from Spain) characterized by great boastfulness and poltroonery; hence, a person of like characteristics; a buffoon.
SCARCE Scarce, a. [Compar. Scarcer; superl. Scarcest.] Etym: [OE. scars, OF. escars, eschars, LL. scarpsus, for L. excerptus, p. p. of excerpere to pick out, and hence to contract, to shorten; ex (see Ex-) + carpere. See Carpet, and cf. Excerp.]
1. Not plentiful or abundant; in small quantity in proportion to the demand; not easily to be procured; rare; uncommon. You tell him silver is scarcer now in England, and therefore risen one fifth in value. Locke. The scarcest of all is a Pescennius Niger on a medallion well preserved. Addison.
2. Scantily supplied (with); deficient (in); -- with of. [Obs.] "A region scarce of prey." Milton.
3. Sparing; frugal; parsimonious; stingy. [Obs.] "Too scarce ne too sparing." Chaucer. To make one's self scarce, to decamp; to depart. [Slang]
Syn. -- Rare; infrequent; deficient. See Rare.
SCARCE; SCARCELY Scarce, Scarce"ly, adv.
1. With difficulty; hardly; scantly; barely; but just. With a scarce well-lighted flame. Milton. The eldest scarcely five year was of age. Chaucer. Slowly she sails, and scarcely stems the tides. Dryden. He had scarcely finished, when the laborer arrived who had been sent for my ransom. W. Irwing.
2. Frugally; penuriously. [Obs.] haucer.
SCARCEMENT Scarce"ment, n. (Arch. & Engin.)
Defn: An offset where a wall or bank of earth, etc., retreats, leaving a shelf or footing.
SCARCENESS; SCARCITY Scarce"ness, Scar"ci*ty, n.
Defn: The quality or condition of being scarce; smallness of quantity in proportion to the wants or demands; deficiency; lack of plenty; short supply; penury; as, a scarcity of grain; a great scarcity of beauties. Chaucer. A scarcity of snow would raise a mutiny at Naples. Addison. Praise . . . owes its value to its scarcity. Rambler. The value of an advantage is enhanced by its scarceness. Collier.
Syn. -- Deficiency; lack; want; penury; dearth; rareness; rarity; infrequency.
SCARD Scard, n.
Defn: A shard or fragment. [Obs.]
SCARE Scare, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scared; p. pr. & vb. n. Scaring.] Etym: [OE. skerren, skeren, Icel. skirra to bar, prevent, skirrask to shun , shrink from; or fr. OE. skerre, adj., scared, Icel. skjarr; both perhaps akin to E. sheer to turn.]
Defn: To frighten; to strike with sudden fear; to alarm. The noise of thy crossbow Will scare the herd, and so my shoot is lost. Shak. To scare away, to drive away by frightening. -- To scare up, to find by search, as if by beating for game. [Slang]
Syn. -- To alarm; frighten; startle; affright; terrify.
SCARE Scare, n.
Defn: Fright; esp., sudden fright produced by a trifling cause, or originating in mistake. [Colloq.]
SCARECROW Scare"crow`, n.
1. Anything set up to frighten crows or other birds from cornfields; hence, anything terifying without danger. A scarecrow set to frighten fools away. Dryden.
2. A person clad in rags and tatters. No eye hath seen such scarecrows. I'll not march with them through Coventry, that's flat. Shak.
3. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The black tern. [Prov. Eng.]
SCAREFIRE Scare"fire`, n.
1. An alarm of fire. [Obs.]
2. A fire causing alarm. [Obs.] Fuller.
SCARF Scarf, n. Etym: [Icel. skarfr.]
Defn: A cormorant. [Scot.]
SCARF Scarf, n.; pl. Scarfs, rarely Scarves. Etym: [Cf. OF. escharpe a piligrim's scrip, or wallet (handing about the neck.), F. écharpe sash, scarf; probably from OHG. scharpe pocket; also (from the French) Dan. skiærf; Sw. skärp, Prov. G. schärfe, LG. scherf, G. schärpe; and also AS. scearf a fragment; possibly akin to E. scrip a wallet. Cf. Scarp a scarf.]
Defn: An article of dress of a light and decorative character, worn loosely over the shoulders or about the neck or the waist; a light shawl or handkerchief for the neck; also, a cravat; a neckcloth. Put on your hood and scarf. Swift. With care about the banners, scarves, and staves. R. Browning.
SCARF Scarf, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scarfed; p. pr. & vb. n. Scarfing.]
1. To throw on loosely; to put on like a scarf. "My sea-gown scarfed about me." Shak.
2. To dress with a scarf, or as with a scarf; to cover with a loose wrapping. Shak.
SCARF Scarf, v. t. Etym: [Sw. skarfva to eke out, to join together, skarf a seam, joint; cf. Dan. skarre to joint, to unite timber, Icel. skara to clinich the planks of a boat, G. scharben to chop, to cut small.] (a) To form a scarf on the end or edge of, as for a joint in timber, metal rods, etc. (b) To unite, as two pieces of timber or metal, by a scarf joint.
SCARF Scarf, n. (a) In a piece which is to be united to another by a scarf joint, the part of the end or edge that is tapered off, rabbeted, or notched so as to be thinner than the rest of the piece. (b) A scarf joint. Scarf joint (a) A joint made by overlapping and bolting or locking together the ends of two pieces of timber that are halved, notched, or cut away so that they will fit each other and form a lengthened beam of the same size at the junction as elsewhere. (b) A joint formed by welding, riveting, or brazing together the overlapping scarfed ends, or edges, of metal rods, sheets, etc. -- Scarf weld. See under Weld.
SCARFSKIN Scarf"skin`, n. (Anat.)
Defn: See Epidermis.
SCARIFICATION Scar`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. scarificatio: cf. F. scarification.]
Defn: The act of scarifying.
SCARIFICATOR Scar"i*fi*ca`tor, n. Etym: [Cf. F. scarificateur.] (Surg.)
Defn: An instrument, principally used in cupping, containing several lancets moved simultaneously by a spring, for making slight incisions.
SCARIFIER Scar"i*fi`er, n.
1. One who scarifies.
2. (Surg.)
Defn: The instrument used for scarifying.
3. (Agric.)
Defn: An implement for stripping and loosening the soil, without bringing up a fresh surface. You have your scarifiers to make the ground clean. Southey.
SCARIFY Scar"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scarified; p. pr. & vb. n. Scarifying.] Etym: [F. scarifier, L. scarificare, scarifare, fr. Gr.
1. To scratch or cut the skin of; esp. (Med.), to make small incisions in, by means of a lancet or scarificator, so as to draw blood from the smaller vessels without opening a large vein.
2. (Agric.)
Defn: To stir the surface soil of, as a field.
SCARIOSE; SCARIOUS Sca"ri*ose, Sca"ri*ous, a. Etym: [F. scarieux, NL. scariosus. Cf. Scary.] (Bot.)
Defn: Thin, dry, membranous, and not green. Gray.
SCARLATINA Scar`la*ti"na, n. Etym: [NL.: cf. F. scarlatine. See Scarlet.] (Med.)
Defn: Scarlet fever. -- Scar`la*ti"nal, a. -- Scar*lat"i*nous (# or #), a.
SCARLESS Scar"less, a.
Defn: Free from scar. Drummond.
SCARLET Scar"let, n. Etym: [OE. scarlat, scarlet, OF. escarlate, F. écarlate (cf. Pr. escarlat, escarlata, Sp. & Pg. escarlata, It. scarlatto, LL. scarlatum), from Per. sakirlat.]
Defn: A deep bright red tinged with orange or yellow, -- of many tints and shades; a vivid or bright red color.
2. Cloth of a scarlet color. All her household are clothed with scarlet. Prov. xxxi. 21.
SCARLET Scar"let, a.
Defn: Of the color called scarlet; as, a scarlet cloth or thread. Scarlet admiral (Zoöl.), the red admiral. See under Red. -- Scarlet bean (Bot.), a kind of bean (Phaseolus multiflorus) having scarlet flowers; scarlet runner. -- Scarlet fever (Med.), a contagious febrile disease characterized by inflammation of the fauces and a scarlet rash, appearing usually on the second day, and ending in desquamation about the sixth or seventh day. -- Scarlet fish (Zoöl.), the telescope fish; -- so called from its red color. See under Telescope. -- Scarlet ibis (Zoöl.) See under Ibis. -- Scarlet maple (Bot.), the red maple. See Maple. -- Scarlet mite (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of bright red carnivorous mites found among grass and moss, especially Thombidium holosericeum and allied species. The young are parasitic upon spiders and insects. -- Scarlet oak (Bot.), a species of oak (Quercus coccinea) of the United States; -- so called from the scarlet color of its leaves in autumn. -- Scarlet runner (Bot.), the scarlet bean. -- Scarlet tanager. (Zoöl.) See under Tanager.
SCARLET Scar"let, v. t.
Defn: To dye or tinge with scarlet. [R.] The ashy paleness of my cheek Is scarleted in ruddy flakes of wrath. Ford.
SCARMAGE; SCARMOGE Scar"mage, Scar"moge, n.
Defn: A slight contest; a skirmish. See Skirmish. [Obs.] Such cruel game my scarmoges disarms. Spenser.
SCARN Scarn, n. Etym: [Icel. skarn; akin to AS. scearn. Cf. Shearn.]
Defn: Dung. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Ray. Scarn bee (Zoöl.), a dung beetle.
SCAROID Sca"roid, a. Etym: [Scarus + -oid.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Scaridæ, a family of marine fishes including the parrot fishes.
SCARP Scarp, n. Etym: [OF. escharpe. See 2d Scarf.] (Her.)
Defn: A band in the same position as the bend sinister, but only half as broad as the latter.
SCARP Scarp, n. Etym: [Aphetic form of Escarp.]
1. (Fort.)
Defn: The slope of the ditch nearest the parapet; the escarp.
2. A steep descent or declivity.
SCARP Scarp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scarped; p. pr. & vb. n. Scarping.]
Defn: To cut down perpendicularly, or nearly so; as, to scarp the face of a ditch or a rock. From scarped cliff and quarried stone. Tennyson. Sweep ruins from the scarped mountain. Emerson.
SCARRING Scar"ring, n.
Defn: A scar; a mark. We find upon the limestone rocks the scarrings of the ancient glacier which brought the bowlder here. Tyndall.
SCARRY Scar"ry, a.
Defn: Bearing scars or marks of wounds.
SCARRY Scar"ry, a. Etym: [See 4th Scar.]
Defn: Like a scar, or rocky eminence; containing scars. Holinshed.
SCARUS Sca"rus, n. Etym: [L. See Scar a kind of fish.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A Mediterranean food fish (Sparisoma scarus) od excellent quality and highly valued by the Romans; -- called also parrot fish.
SCARY Sca"ry, n. Etym: [Prov. E. scare scraggy.]
Defn: Barren land having only a thin coat of grass. [Prov. Eng.]
SCARY Scar"y, a. Etym: [From Scare.]
1. Subject to sudden alarm. [Colloq.U.S.] Whittier.
2. Causing fright; alarming. [Colloq.U.S.]
SCASELY Scase"ly, adv.
Defn: Scarcely; hardly. [Obs. or Colloq.] Robynson (More's Utopia)
SCAT Scat, interj.
Defn: Go away; begone; away; -- chiefly used in driving off a cat.
SCAT; SCATT Scat, Scatt, n. Etym: [Icel. scattr.]
Defn: Tribute. [R.] "Seizing scatt and treasure." Longfellow.
SCAT Scat, n.
Defn: A shower of rain. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.
SCATCH Scatch, n. Etym: [F. escache.]
Defn: A kind of bit for the bridle of a horse; -- called also scatchmouth. Bailey.
SCATCHES Scatch"es, n.; pl. Etym: [OF. eschaces, F. échasses, fr. D. schaats a high-heeled shoe, a skate. See Skate, for the foot.]
Defn: Stilts. [Prov. Eng.]
SCATE Scate, n.
Defn: See Skate, for the foot.
SCATEBROUS Scat"e*brous, a. Etym: [L. scatebra a gushing up of water, from scatere to bubble, gush.]
Defn: Abounding with springs. [Obs.]
SCATH Scath, n. Etym: [Icel. skathi; akin to Dan. skade, Sw. skada, AS. sceatha, scatha, foe, injurer, OS. skatho, D. schade, schaden; cf. Gr. Scathe, v.]
Defn: Harm; damage; injury; hurt; waste; misfortune. [Written also scathe.] But she was somedeal deaf, and that was skathe. Chaucer. Great mercy, sure, for to enlarge a thrall, Whose freedom shall thee turn to greatest scath. Spenser. Wherein Rome hath done you any scath, Let him make treble satisfaction. Shak.
SCATHE; SCATH Scathe, Scath, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scathed; p. pr. & vb. n. Scathing.] Etym: [Icel. skatha; akin to AS. sceathan, sceth\'eban, Dan. skade, Sw. skada, D. & G. schaden, OHG. scadon, Goth. skaÞjan.]
Defn: To do harm to; to injure; to damage; to waste; to destroy. As when heaven's fire Hath scathed the forest oaks or mountain pines. Milton. Strokes of calamity that scathe and scorch the soul. W. Irwing.
SCATHFUL Scath"ful, a.
Defn: Harmful; doing damage; pernicious. Shak. -- Scath"ful*ness, n.
SCATHLESS Scath"less, a.
Defn: Unharmed. R. L. Stevenson. He, too, . . . is to be dismissed scathless. Sir W. Scott.
SCATHLY Scath"ly, a.
Defn: Injurious; scathful. [Obs.]
SCATTER Scat"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scattered; p. pr. & vb. n. Scattering.] Etym: [OE. scateren. See Shatter.]
1. To strew about; to sprinkle around; to throw down loosely; to deposit or place here and there, esp. in an open or sparse order. And some are scattered all the floor about. Chaucer. Why should my muse enlarge on Libyan swains, Their scattered cottages, and ample plains Dryden. Teach the glad hours to scatter, as they fly, Soft quiet, gentle love, and endless joy. Prior.
2. To cause to separate in different directions; to reduce from a close or compact to a loose or broken order; to dissipate; to disperse. Scatter and disperse the giddy Goths. Shak.
3. Hence, to frustrate, disappoint, and overthrow; as, to scatter hopes, plans, or the like.
Syn. -- To disperse; dissipate; spread; strew.
SCATTER Scat"ter, v. i.
Defn: To be dispersed or dissipated; to disperse or separate; as, clouds scatter after a storm.
SCATTER-BRAIN Scat"ter-brain`, n.
Defn: A giddy or thoughtless person; one incapable of concentration or attention. [Written also scatter-brains.]
SCATTER-BRAINED Scat"ter-brained`, a.
Defn: Giddy; thoughtless.
SCATTERED Scat"tered, a.
1. Dispersed; dissipated; sprinkled, or loosely spread.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: Irregular in position; having no regular order; as, scattered leaves. -- Scat"tered*ly, adv. -- Scat"tered*ness, n.
SCATTERGOOD Scat"ter*good`, n.
Defn: One who wastes; a spendthrift.
SCATTERING Scat"ter*ing, a.
Defn: Going or falling in various directions; not united or agregated; divided among many; as, scattering votes.
SCATTERING Scat"ter*ing, n.
Defn: Act of strewing about; something scattered. South.
SCATTERINGLY Scat"ter*ing*ly, adv.
Defn: In a scattering manner; dispersedly.
SCATTERLING Scat"ter*ling, n. Etym: [Scatter + -ling.]
Defn: One who has no fixed habitation or residence; a vagabond. [Obs.] "Foreign scatterlings." Spenser.
SCATURIENT Sca*tu"ri*ent, a.Etym: [L. scaturiens, p.pr. of scaturire gush out, from scatere to bubble, gush.]
Defn: Gushing forth; full to overflowing; effusive. [R.] A pen so scaturient and unretentive. Sir W. Scott.
SCATURIGINOUS Scat`u*rig"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. skaturiginosus, fr. scaturigo gushing water. See Scaturient.]
Defn: Abounding with springs. [Obs.]
SCAUP Scaup, n. Etym: [See Scalp a bed of oysters or mussels.]
1. A bed or stratum of shellfish; scalp. [Scot.]
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A scaup duck. See below. Scaup duck (Zoöl.), any one of several species of northern ducks of the genus Aythya, or Fuligula. The adult males are, in large part, black. The three North American species are: the greater scaup duck (Aythya marila, var. nearctica), called also broadbill, bluebill, blackhead, flock duck, flocking fowl, and raft duck; the lesser scaup duck (A. affinis), called also little bluebill, river broadbill, and shuffler; the tufted, or ring-necked, scaup duck (A. collaris), called also black jack, ringneck, ringbill, ringbill shuffler, etc. See Illust. of Ring-necked, under Ring- necked. The common European scaup, or mussel, duck (A.marila), closely resembles the American variety.
SCAUPER Scaup"er, n. Etym: [Cf. Scalper.]
Defn: A tool with a semicircular edge, -- used by engravers to clear away the spaces between the lines of an engraving. Fairholt.
SCAUR Scaur, n.
Defn: A precipitous bank or rock; a scar.
SCAVAGE Scav"age (; 48), n. Etym: [LL. scavagium, fr. AS. sceáwian to lock at to inspect. See Show.] (O.Eng. Law)
Defn: A toll duty formerly exacted of merchant strangers by mayors, sheriffs, etc., for goods shown or offered for sale within their precincts. Cowell.
SCAVENGE Scav"enge, v. t.
Defn: To cleanse, as streets, from filth. C. Kingsley.
SCAVENGER Scav"en*ger, n. Etym: [OE. scavager an officer with various duties, orginally attending to scavage, fr. OE. & E. scavage. See Scavage, Show, v.]
Defn: A person whose employment is to clean the streets of a city, by scraping or sweeping, and carrying off the fifth. The name is also applied to any animal which devours refuse, carrion, or anything injurious to health. Scavenger beetle (Zoöl.), any beetle which feeds on decaying substances, as the carrion beetle. -- Scavanger crab (Zoöl.), any crab which feeds on dead animals, as the spider crab. -- Scavenger's daughter Etym: [corrupt. of Skevington's daughter], an instrument of torture invented by Sir W. Skevington, which so compressed the body as to force the blood to flow from nostrils. and sometimes from the hands and feet. Am. Cyc.
SCAVENGING Scav"eng*ing, p. pr. & vb. n. of Scavenge. Hence, n. (Internal- combustion Engines)
Defn: Act or process of expelling the exhaust gases from the cylinder by some special means, as, in many four-cycle engines, by utilizing the momentum of the exhaust gases in a long exhaust pipe.
SCAZON Sca"zon, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. to limp.] (Lat. Pros.)
Defn: A choliamb.
SCELERAT Scel"er*at, n. Etym: [F. scéléra from L. sceleratus, p.p. of scelerare to pollute, from scelus, sceleris, a crime.]
Defn: A villian; a criminal. [Obs.] Cheyne.
SCELESTIC Sce*les"tic, a. Etym: [L. scelestus, from scelus wickedness.]
Defn: Evil; wicked; atrocious. [Obs.] "Scelestic villainies." Feltham.
SCELET Scel"et, n. Etym: [See Skeleton.]
Defn: A mummy; a skeleton. [Obs.] olland.
SCENA Sce"na, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.) (a) A scene in an opera. (b) An accompanied dramatic recitative, interspersed with passages of melody, or followed by a full aria. Rockstro.
SCENARIO Sce*na"ri*o, n. Etym: [It.]
Defn: A preliminary sketch of the plot, or main incidents, of an opera.
SCENARY Scen"a*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. L. scenarius belonging to the stage.]
Defn: Scenery. [Obs.] Dryden.
SCENE Scene, n. Etym: [L. scaena, scena, Gr.
1. The structure on which a spectacle or play is exhibited; the part of a theater in which the acting is done, with its adjuncts and decorations; the stage.
2. The decorations and fittings of a stage, representing the place in which the action is supposed to go on; one of the slides, or other devices, used to give an appearance of reality to the action of a play; as, to paint scenes; to shift the scenes; to go behind the scenes.
3. So much of a play as passes without change of locality or time, or important change of character; hence, a subdivision of an act; a separate portion of a play, subordinate to the act, but differently determined in different plays; as, an act of four scenes. My dismal scene I needs must act alone. Shak.
4. The place, time, circumstance, etc., in which anything occurs, or in which the action of a story, play, or the like, is laid; surroundings amid which anything is set before the imagination; place of occurence, exhibition, or action. "In Troy, there lies the scene." Shak. The world is a vast scene of strife. J. M. Mason.
5. An assemblage of objects presented to the view at once; a series of actions and events exhibited in their connection; a spectacle; a show; an exhibition; a view. Through what new scenes and changes must we pass! Addison.
6. A landscape, or part of a landscape; scenery. A sylvan scene with various greens was drawn, Shades on the sides, and in the midst a lawn. Dryden.
7. An exhibition of passionate or strong feeling before others; often, an artifical or affected action, or course of action, done for effect; a theatrical display. Probably no lover of scenes would have had very long to wait De Quincey. Behind the scenes, behind the scenery of a theater; out of the view of the audience, but in sight of the actors, machinery, etc.; hence, conversant with the hidden motives and agencies of what appears to public view.
SCENE Scene, v. t.
Defn: To exhibit as a scene; to make a scene of; to display. [Obs.] Abp. Sancroft.
SCENEFUL Scene"ful, a.
Defn: Having much scenery. [R.]
SCENEMAN Scene"man, n.; pl. Scenemen (.
Defn: The man who manages the movable scenes in a theater.
SCENERY Scen"er*y, n.
1. Assemblage of scenes; the scenes of a play; the disposition and arrangement of the scenes in which the action of a play, poem, etc., is laid; representation of place of action or occurence.
2. Sum of scenes or views; general aspect, as regards variety and beauty or the reverse, in a landscape; combination of natural views, as woods, hills, etc. Never need an American look beyond his own country for the sublime and beautiful of natural scenery. W. Irving.
SCENESHIFTER Scene"shift`er, n.
Defn: One who moves the scenes in a theater; a sceneman.
SCENIC; SCENICAL Scen"ic, Scen"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. scaenicus, scenicus, Gr. scénique. See Scene.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to scenery; of the nature of scenery; theatrical. All these situations communicate a scenical animation to the wild romance, if treated dramatically. De Quincey.
SCENOGRAPH Scen"o*graph, n. Etym: [See Scenography.]
Defn: A perspective representation or general view of an object.
SCENOGRAPHIC; SCENOGRAPHICAL Scen`o*graph"ic, Scen`o*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. scénographique, Gr.
Defn: Of or pertaining to scenography; drawn in perspective. -- Scen`o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.
SCENOGRAPHY Sce*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [L. scenographia, Gr. scénographie.]
Defn: The art or act of representing a body on a perspective plane; also, a representation or description of a body, in all its dimensions, as it appears to the eye. Greenhill.
SCENT Scent, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scented; p. pr. & vb. n. Scenting.] Etym: [Originally sent, fr. F. sentir to feel, to smell. See Sense.]
1. To perceive by the olfactory organs; to smell; as, to scent game, as a hound does. Methinks I scent the morning air. Shak.
2. To imbue or fill with odor; to perfume. Balm from a silver box distilled around, Shall all bedew the roots, and scent the sacred ground. Dryden.
SCENT Scent, v. i.
1. To have a smell. [Obs.] Thunderbolts . . . do scent strongly of brimstone. Holland.
2. To hunt animals by means of the sense of smell.
SCENT Scent, n.
1. That which, issuing from a body, affects the olfactory organs of animals; odor; smell; as, the scent of an orange, or of a rose; the scent of musk. With lavish hand diffuses scents ambrosial. prior.
2. Specifically, the odor left by an animal on the ground in passing over it; as, dogs find or lose the scent; hence, course of pursuit; track of discovery. He gained the observations of innumerable ages, and traveled upon the same scent into Ethiopia. Sir W. Temple.
3. The power of smelling; the sense of smell; as, a hound of nice scent; to divert the scent. I. Watts.
SCENTFUL Scent"ful, a.
1. Full of scent or odor; odorous. "A scentful nosegay." W. Browne.
2. Of quick or keen smell. The scentful osprey by the rock had fished. W. Browne.
SCENTINGLY Scent"ing*ly, adv.
Defn: By scent. [R.] Fuller.
SCENTLESS Scent"less, a.
Defn: Having no scent. The scentless and the scented rose. Cowper.
SCEPSIS Scep"sis, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. skepsis. See Skeptic.]
Defn: Skepticism; skeptical philosophy. [R.] Among their products were the system of Locke, the scepsis of Hume, the critical philosophy of kant. J. martineau.
SCEPTER; SCEPTRE Scep"ter, Scep"tre, n. Etym: [F. sceptre, L. sceptrum, from Gr. shaft. See Shaft, and cf. Scape a stem, shaft.]
1. A staff or baton borne by a sovereign, as a ceremonial badge or emblem of authority; a royal mace. And the king held out Esther the golden scepter that was in his hand. Esther v. 2.
2. Hence, royal or imperial power or authority; sovereignty; as, to assume the scepter. The scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shilon come. Gen. xlix. 10.
SCEPTER; SCEPTRE Scep"ter, Scep"tre, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sceptered or Sceptred (p. pr. & vb. n. Sceptering or Sceptring (.]
Defn: To endow with the scepter, or emblem of authority; to invest with royal authority. To Britain's queen the sceptered suppliant bends. Tickell.
SCEPTERELLATE Scep`ter*el"late, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having a straight shaft with whorls of spines; -- said of certain sponge spicules. See Illust. under Spicule.
SCEPTERLESS; SCEPTRELESS Scep"ter*less, Scep"tre*less, a.
Defn: Having no scepter; without authority; powerless; as, a scepterless king.
SCEPTIC; SCEPTICAL; SCEPTICISM Scep"tic, Scep"tic*al, Scep"ti*cism,
Defn: etc. See Skeptic, Skeptical, Skepticism, etc.
SCEPTRAL Scep"tral, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a scepter; like a scepter.
SCERN Scern, v. t.
Defn: To discern; to perceive. [Obs.]
SCHADE Schade, n.
Defn: Shade; shadow. [Obs.]
Note: English words now beginning with sh, like shade, were formerly often spelled with a c between the s and h; as, schade; schame; schape; schort, etc.
SCHAH Schah, n.
Defn: See Shah.
SCHAPPE Schap"pe, n. [G. dial. (Swiss), waste, impurity.]
Defn: A silk yarn or fabric made out of carded spun silk.
SCHATCHEN Schat"chen, n. [Yiddish, fr. NHeb. shadkhan, fr. shadakh to bring about a marriage, orig., to persuade.]
Defn: A person whose business is marriage brokage; a marriage broker, esp. among certain Jews.
SCHEDIASM Sche"di*asm, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: Cursory writing on a loose sheet. [R.]
SCHEDULE Sched"ule (; in England commonly ; 277), n. Etym: [F. cédule, formerly also spelt schedule, L. schedula, dim. of scheda, scida, a strip of papyrus bark, a leaf of paper; akin to (or perh. from) Gr. scindere to cleave, Gr. Schism, and cf. Cedule.]
Defn: A written or printed scroll or sheet of paper; a document; especially, a formal list or inventory; a list or catalogue annexed to a larger document, as to a will, a lease, a statute, etc.
Syn. -- Catalogue; list; inventory. see List.
SCHEDULE Sched"ule, v. t.
Defn: To form into, or place in, a schedule.
SCHEELE'S GREEN Scheele's" green`. Etym: [See Scheelite.] (Chem.)
Defn: See under Green.
SCHEELIN Scheel"in, n. (Chem.)
Defn: Scheelium. [Obs.]
SCHEELITE Scheel"ite (, n. Etym: [From C.W.Scheele, a Swedish chemist.] (Min.)
Defn: Calcium tungstate, a mineral of a white or pale yellowish color and of the tetragonal system of crystallization.
SCHEELIUM Schee"li*um, n. Etym: [NL. From C.W.Scheele, who discovered it.] (Chem.)
Defn: The metal tungsten. [Obs.]
SCHEIK Scheik (shek or shak), n.
Defn: See Sheik.
SCHELLY Schel"ly, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The powan. [Prov. Eng.]
SCHEMA Sche"ma, n.; pl. Schemata, E. Schemas. Etym: [G. See Scheme.] (Kantian Philos.)
Defn: An outline or image universally applicable to a general conception, under which it is likely to be presented to the mind; as, five dots in a line are a schema of the number five; a preceding and succeeding event are a schema of cause and effect.
SCHEMATIC Sche*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. Gr.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a scheme or a schema.
SCHEMATISM Sche"ma*tism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. schématisme (cf. L. schematismos florid speech), fr. Gr. Scheme.]
1. (Astrol.)
Defn: Combination of the aspects of heavenly bodies.
2. Particular form or disposition of a thing; an exhibition in outline of any systematic arrangement. [R.]
SCHEMATIST Sche"ma*tist, n.
Defn: One given to forming schemes; a projector; a schemer. Swift.
SCHEMATIZE Sche"ma*tize, v. i. Etym: [Cf. F. schématiser, Gr.
Defn: To form a scheme or schemes.
SCHEME Scheme, n. Etym: [L. schema a rhetorical figure, a shape, figure, manner, Gr. sah to be victorious, to endure, to hold out, AS. sige victory, G. sieg. Cf. Epoch, Hectic, School.]
1. A combination of things connected and adjusted by design; a system. The appearance and outward scheme of things. Locke. Such a scheme of things as shall at once take in time and eternity. Atterbury. Arguments . . . sufficient to support and demonstrate a whole scheme of moral philosophy. J. Edwards. The Revolution came and changed his whole scheme of life. Macaulay.
2. A plan or theory something to be done; a design; a project; as, to form a scheme. The stoical scheme of supplying our wants by lopping off our desires, is like cuttig off our feet when we want shoes. Swift.
3. Any lineal or mathematical diagram; an outline. To draw an exact scheme of Constantinople, or a map of France. South.
4. (Astrol.)
Defn: A representation of the aspects of the celestial bodies for any moment o at a given event. A blue case, from which was drawn a scheme of nativity. Sir W. Scott.
Syn. -- Plan; project; contrivance; purpose; device; plot. -- Scheme, Plan. Scheme and plan are subordinate to design; they propose modes of carrying our designs into effect. Scheme is the least definite of the two, and lies more in speculation. A plan is drawn out into details with a view to being carried into effect. As schemes are speculative, they often prove visionary; hence the opprobrious use of the words schemer and scheming. Plans, being more practical, are more frequently carried into effect. He forms the well-concerted scheme of mischief; 'T is fixed, 't is done, and both are doomed to death. Rowe. Artists and plans relieved my solemn hours; I founded palaces, and planted bowers. prior.
SCHEME Scheme, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Schemed; p. pr. & vb. n. Scheming.]
Defn: To make a scheme of; to plan; to design; to project; to plot. That wickedness which schemed, and executed, his destruction. G. Stuart.
SCHEME Scheme, v. i.
Defn: To form a scheme or schemes.
SCHEMEFUL Scheme"ful, a.
Defn: Full of schemes or plans.
SCHEMER Schem"er, n.
Defn: One who forms schemes; a projector; esp., a plotter; an intriguer. Schemers and confederates in guilt. Paley.
SCHEMING Schem"ing, a.
Defn: Given to forming schemes; artful; intriguing. -- Schem"ing*ly, adv.
SCHEMIST Schem"ist, n.
Defn: A schemer. [R.] Waterland.
SCHENE Schene, n. Etym: [L. schoenus, Gr. schène.] (Antiq.)
Defn: An Egyptian or Persian measure of length, varying from thirthy- two to sixty stadia.
SCHENKBEER Schenk"beer`, n. Etym: [G. schenkbier; schenken to pour out + bier beer; -- so called because put on draught soon after it is made.]
Defn: A mild German beer.
SCHERBET Scher"bet, n.
Defn: See Sherbet.
SCHERIF Scher"if ( or ), n.
Defn: See Sherif.
SCHERZANDO Scher*zan"do, adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)
Defn: In a playful or sportive manner.
SCHERZO Scher"zo, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)
Defn: A playful, humorous movement, commonly in 3-4 measure, which often takes the place of the old minuet and trio in a sonata or a symphony.
SCHESIS Sche"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Scheme.]
1. General state or disposition of the body or mind, or of one thing with regard to other things; habitude. [Obs.] Norris.
2. (Rhet.)
Defn: A figure of speech whereby the mental habitude of an adversary or opponent is feigned for the purpose of arguing against him. Crabb.
SCHETIC; SCHETICAL Schet"ic, Schet"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. Gr.
Defn: Of or pertaining to the habit of the body; constitutional. [Obs.] Cudworth.
SCHIEDAM Schie*dam", n. Etym: [Short for Schiedam schnapps.]
Defn: Holland gin made at Schiedam in the Netherlands.
SCHILLER Schil"ler, n. Etym: [G., play of colors.] (Min.)
Defn: The peculiar bronzelike luster observed in certain minerals, as hypersthene, schiller spar, etc. It is due to the presence of minute inclusions in parallel position, and in sometimes of secondary origin. Schiller spar (Min.), an altered variety of enstatite, exhibiting, in certain positions, a bronzelike luster.
SCHILLERIZATION Schil`ler*i*za"tion, n. (Min.)
Defn: The act or process of producing schiller in a mineral mass.
SCHILLING Schil"ling, n. Etym: [G. See Shilling.]
Defn: Any one of several small German and Dutch coins, worth from about one and a half cents to about five cents.
SCHINDYLESIS Schin`dy*le"sis, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Anat.)
Defn: A form of articulation in which one bone is received into a groove or slit in another.
SCHIRRHUS Schir"rhus, n.
Defn: See Scirrhus.
SCHISM Schism, n. Etym: [OE. scisme, OF. cisme, scisme, F. schisme, L. schisma, Gr. scindere, Skr. child, and prob. to E. shed, v.t. (which see); cf. Rescind, Schedule, Zest.]
Defn: Division or separation; specifically (Eccl.), permanent division or separation in the Christian church; breach of unity among people of the same religious faith; the offense of seeking to produce division in a church without justifiable cause. Set bounds to our passions by reason, to our errors by truth, and to our schisms by charity. Eikon Basilike.
Greek schism (Eccl.), the separation of the Greek and Roman churches. -- Great schism, or Western schism (Eccl.) a schism in the church in the latter part of the 14th century, on account of rival claimants to the papal throne. -- Schism act (Law), an act of the English Parliament requiring all teachers to conform to the Established Church, -- passed in 1714, repealed in 1719.
SCHISMA Schis"ma, n. Etym: [L., a spilt, separation, Gr. schisma. See Schism.] (Anc. Mus.)
Defn: An interval equal to half a comma.
SCHISMATIC Schis*mat"ic (sîz*mât"îk; so nearly all orthoëpists), a. Etym: [L. schismaticus, Gr. schismatique.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to schism; implying schism; partaking of the nature of schism; tending to schism; as, schismatic opinions or proposals.
SCHISMATIC Schis*mat"ic, n.
Defn: One who creates or takes part in schism; one who separates from an established church or religious communion on account of a difference of opinion. "They were popularly classed together as canting schismatics." Macaulay.
Syn. -- Heretic; partisan. See Heretic.
SCHISMATICAL Schis*mat"ic*al, a.
Defn: Same as Schismatic. -- Schismat"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Schis*mat"ic*al*ness, n.
SCHISMATIZE Schis"ma*tize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Schismatized; p. pr. & vb. n. Schismatizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. schismatiser.]
Defn: To make part in schism; to make a breach of communion in the church.
SCHISMLESS Schism"less, a.
Defn: Free from schism.
SCHIST Schist (shîst), n. Etym: [Gr. schiste. See Schism.] (Geol.)
Defn: Any crystalline rock having a foliated structure (see Foliation) and hence admitting of ready division into slabs or slates. The common kinds are mica schist, and hornblendic schist, consisting chiefly of quartz with mica or hornblende and often feldspar.
SCHISTACEOUS Schis*ta"ceous, a.
Defn: Of a slate color.
SCHISTIC Schist"ic, a.
Defn: Schistose.
SCHISTOSE; SCHISTOUS Schis*tose", Schist*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. schisteux.] (Geol.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to schist; having the structure of a schist.
SCHISTOSITY Schis*tos"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. schistosité.] (Geol.)
Defn: The quality or state of being schistose.
SCHIZO- Schiz"o-. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: A combining form denoting division or cleavage; as, schizogenesis, reproduction by fission or cell division.
SCHIZOCARP Schiz"o*carp, n. Etym: [Schizo- + Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: A dry fruit which splits at maturity into several closed one- seeded portions.
SCHIZOCOELE Schiz"o*coele, n. Etym: [Schizo- + Gr. (Anat.)
Defn: See Enterocoele.
SCHIZOCOELOUS Schiz`o*coe"lous, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a schizocoele.
SCHIZOGENESIS Schiz`o*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Schizo- + genesis.] (Biol.)
Defn: reproduction by fission. Haeckel.
SCHIZOGNATH Schiz"og*nath, n. Etym: [See Schizognathous.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any bird with a schizognathous palate.
SCHIZOGNATHAE Schi*zog"na*thæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The schizognathous birds.
SCHIZOGNATHISM Schi*zog"na*thism, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: the condition of having a schizognathous palate.
SCHIZOGNATHOUS Schi*zog"na*thous, a. Etym: [Schize- + Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having the maxillo-palatine bones separate from each other and from the vomer, which is pointed in front, as in the gulls, snipes, grouse, and many other birds.
SCHIZOMYCETES Schiz`o*my*ce"tes, n. pl., Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)
Defn: An order of Schizophyta, including the so-called fission fungi, or bacteria. See Schizophyta, in the Supplement.
SCHIZONEMERTEA Schiz`o*ne*mer"te*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Schizo-, and Nemertes.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A group of nemerteans comprising those having a deep slit along each side of the head. See Illust. in Appendix.
SCHIZONT Schi"zont (ski"zont or skiz"ont), n. [Gr. , , p.pr., cleaving.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: In certain Sporozoa, a cell formed by the growth of a sporozoite or merozoite (in a cell or corpuscle of the host) which segment by superficial cleavage, without encystment or conjugation, into merozoites.
SCHIZOPELMOUS Schiz`o*pel"mous, a. Etym: [Schizo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having the two flexor tendons of the toes entirely separate, and the flexor hallicus going to the first toe only.
SCHIZOPHYTE Schiz"o*phyte, n. Etym: [Schizo- + Gr. (Biol.)
Defn: One of a class of vegetable organisms, in the classification of Cohn, which includes all of the inferior forms that multiply by fission, whether they contain chlorophyll or not.
SCHIZOPOD Schiz"o*pod, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: one of the Schizopoda. Also used adjectively.
SCHIZOPOD; SCHIZOPODOUS Schiz"o*pod, Schi*zop"o*dous, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a schizopod, or the Schizopoda.
SCHIZOPODA Schi*zop"o*da, n. pl., Etym: [NL. See Schizo-, and -poda.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A division of shrimplike Thoracostraca in which each of the thoracic legs has a long fringed upper branch (exopodite) for swimming.
SCHIZORHINAL Schiz`o*rhi"nal, a. Etym: [Schizo- + rhinal.]
1. (Anat.)
Defn: Having the nasal bones separate.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having the anterior nostrils prolonged backward in the form of a slit.
SCHLICH Schlich, n. Etym: [G.; akin to LG. slik mud, D. slijk, MHG. sl.] (Metal.)
Defn: The finer portion of a crushed ore, as of gold, lead, or tin, separated by the water in certain wet processes. [Written also slich, slick.]
SCHMELZE Schmel"ze, n. Etym: [G. schmelz, schmelzglas.]
Defn: A kind of glass of a red or ruby color, made in Bohemia.
SCHNAPPS Schnapps, n. Etym: [G., a dram of spirits.]
Defn: Holland gin. [U.S.]
SCHNEIDERIAN Schnei*de"ri*an (, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Discovered or described by C. V. Schneider, a German anatomist of the seventeenth century. Schneiderian membrane, the mucous membrane which lines the nasal chambers; the pituitary membrane.
SCHNORRER Schnor"rer, n. [Yiddish, fr. G. schnurrer, fr. schnurren to hum, whir, hence, from the sound of the musical instrument used by strolling beggars, to beg.]
Defn: Among the Jews, a beggar.
SCHOHARIE GRIT Scho*har"ie grit`. (Geol.)
Defn: The formation belonging to the middle of the three subdivisions of the Corniferous period in the American Devonian system; -- so called from Schoharie, in New York, where it occurs. See the Chart of Geology.
SCHOLAR Schol"ar, n. Etym: [OE. scoler, AS. scolere, fr. L. scholaris belonging to a school, fr. schola a school. See School.]
1. One who attends a school; one who learns of a teacher; one under the tuition of a preceptor; a pupil; a disciple; a learner; a student. I am no breeching scholar in the schools. Shak.
2. One engaged in the pursuits of learning; a learned person; one versed in many branches, of knowledge; a person of high literary or scientific attainments; a savant. Shak. Locke.
3. A man of books. Bacon.
4. In English universities, an undergraduate who belongs to the foundation of a college, and receives support in part from its revenues.
Syn. -- Pupil; learner; disciple. -- Scholar, Pupil. Scholar refers to the instruction, and pupil to the care and government, of a teacher. A scholar is one who is under instruction; a pupil is one who is under the immediate and personal care of an instructor; hence we speak of a bright scholar, and an obedient pupil.
SCHOLARITY Scho*lar"i*ty, n. Etym: [OF. scholarité, or LL. scholaritias.]
Defn: Scholarship. [Obs.] . Jonson.
SCHOLARLIKE Schol"ar*like`, a.
Defn: Scholarly. Bacon.
SCHOLARLY Schol"ar*ly, a.
Defn: Like a scholar, or learned person; showing the qualities of a scholar; as, a scholarly essay or critique. -- adv.
Defn: In a scholarly manner.
SCHOLARSHIP Schol"ar*ship, n.
1. The character and qualities of a scholar; attainments in science or literature; erudition; learning. A man of my master's . . . great scholarship. Pope.
2. Literary education. [R.] Any other house of scholarship. Milton.
3. Maintenance for a scholar; a foundation for the support of a student. T. Warton.
Syn. -- Learning; erudition; knowledge.
SCHOLASTIC Scho*las"tic, a. Etym: [L. scholasticus, Gr. scholastique, scolastique. See School.]
1. Pertaining to, or suiting, a scholar, a school, or schools; scholarlike; as, scholastic manners or pride; scholastic learning. Sir K. Digby.
2. Of or pertaining to the schoolmen and divines of the Middle Ages (see Schoolman); as, scholastic divinity or theology; scholastic philosophy. Locke.
3. Hence, characterized by excessive subtilty, or needlessly minute subdivisions; pedantic; formal.
SCHOLASTIC Scho*las"tic, n.
1. One who adheres to the method or subtilties of the schools. Milton.
2. (R.C.Ch.)
Defn: See the Note under Jesuit.
SCHOLASTICAL Scho*las"tic*al, a. & n.
Defn: Scholastic.
SCHOLASTICALLY Scho*las"tic*al*ly, adv.
Defn: In a scholastic manner.
SCHOLASTICISM Scho*las"ti*cism, n.
Defn: The method or subtitles the schools of philosophy; scholastic formality; scholastic doctrines or philosophy. The spirit of the old scholasticism . . . spurned laborious investigation and slow induction. J. P. Smith.
SCHOLIA Scho"li*a, n. pl.
Defn: See Scholium.
SCHOLIAST Scho"li*ast, n. Etym: [Gr. scoliate. See Scholium.]
Defn: A maker of scholia; a commentator or annotator. No . . . quotations from Talmudists and scholiasts . . . ever marred the effect of his grave temperate discourses. Macaulay.
SCHOLIASTIC Scho`li*as"tic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a scholiast, or his pursuits. Swift.
SCHOLIAZE Scho"li*aze, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Gr.
Defn: To write scholia. [Obs.] Milton.
SCHOLICAL Schol"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. scholicus, Gr. School.]
Defn: Scholastic. [Obs.] ales.
SCHOLION Scho"li*on, n. Etym: [NL.]
Defn: A scholium. A judgment which follows immediately from another is sometimes called a corollary, or consectary . . . One which illustrates the science where it appears, but is not an integral part of it, is a scholion. Abp. Thomson (Laws of Thought).
SCHOLIUM Scho"li*um, n.; pl. L. Scholia, E. Scholiums. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. School.]
1. Marginal anotation; an explanatory remark or comment; specifically, an explanatory comment on the text of a classic author by an early grammarian.
2. A remark or observation subjoined to a demonstration or a train of reasoning.
SCHOLY Scho"ly, n.
Defn: A scholium. [Obs.] Hooker.
SCHOLY Scho"ly, v. i. & t.
Defn: To write scholia; to annotate. [Obs.]
SCHOOL School, n. Etym: [For shool a crowd; prob. confuced with school for learning.]
Defn: A shoal; a multitude; as, a school of fish.
SCHOOL School, n. Etym: [OE. scole, AS. sc, L. schola, Gr. Scheme.]
1. A place for learned intercourse and instruction; an institution for learning; an educational establishment; a place for acquiring knowledge and mental training; as, the school of the prophets. Disputing daily in the school of one Tyrannus. Acts xix. 9.
2. A place of primary instruction; an establishment for the instruction of children; as, a primary school; a common school; a grammar school. As he sat in the school at his primer. Chaucer.
3. A session of an institution of instruction. How now, Sir Hugh! No school to-day Shak.
4. One of the seminaries for teaching logic, metaphysics, and theology, which were formed in the Middle Ages, and which were characterized by academical disputations and subtilties of reasoning. At Cambridge the philosophy of Descartes was still dominant in the schools. Macaulay.
5. The room or hall in English universities where the examinations for degrees and honors are held.
6. An assemblage of scholars; those who attend upon instruction in a school of any kind; a body of pupils. What is the great community of Christians, but one of the innumerable schools in the vast plan which God has instituted for the education of various intelligences Buckminster.
7. The disciples or followers of a teacher; those who hold a common doctrine, or accept the same teachings; a sect or denomination in philosophy, theology, science, medicine, politics, etc. Let no man be less confident in his faith . . . by reason of any difference in the several schools of Christians. Jer. Taylor.
8. The canons, precepts, or body of opinion or practice, sanctioned by the authority of a particular class or age; as, he was a gentleman of the old school. His face pale but striking, though not handsome after the schools. A. S. Hardy.
9. Figuratively, any means of knowledge or discipline; as, the school of experience. Boarding school, Common school, District school, Normal school, etc. See under Boarding, Common, District, etc. -- High school, a free public school nearest the rank of a college. [U.S.] -- School board, a corporation established by law in every borough or parish in England, and elected by the burgesses or ratepayers, with the duty of providing public school accomodation for all children in their dictrict. -- School commitee, School board, an elected commitee of citizens having charge and care of the public schools in any district, town, or city, and responsible control of the money appropriated for school purposes. [U.S.] -- School days, the period in which youth are sent to school. -- School district, a division of a town or city for establishing and conducting schools. [U.S.] -- Sunday school, or Sabbath school, a school held on Sunday for study of the Bible and for religious instruction; the pupils, or the teachers and pupils, of such a school, collectively.
SCHOOL School, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Schooled; p. pr. & vb. n. Schooling.]
1. To train in an institution of learning; to educate at a school; to teach. He's gentle, never schooled, and yet learned. Shak.
2. To tutor; to chide and admonish; to reprove; to subject to systematic disciplene; to train. It now remains for you to school your child, And ask why God's Anointed be reviled. Dryden. The mother, while loving her child with the intensity of a sole affection, had schooled herself to hope for little other return than the waywardness of an April breeze. Hawthorne.
SCHOOLBOOK School"book`, n.
Defn: A book used in schools for learning lessons.
SCHOOLBOY School"boy`, n.
Defn: A boy belonging to, or attending, a school.
SCHOOLDAME School"dame`. n.
Defn: A schoolmistress.
SCHOOLERY School"er*y (, n.
Defn: Something taught; precepts; schooling. [Obs.] penser.
SCHOOLFELLOW School"fel`low, n.
Defn: One bred at the same school; an associate in school.
SCHOOLGIRL School"girl`, n.
Defn: A girl belonging to, or attending, a school.
SCHOOLHOUSE School"house`, n.
Defn: A house appropriated for the use of a school or schools, or for instruction.
SCHOOLING School"ing, n.
1. Instruction in school; tuition; education in an institution of learning; act of teaching.
2. Discipline; reproof; reprimand; as, he gave his son a good schooling. Sir W. Scott.
3. Compensation for instruction; price or reward paid to an instructor for teaching pupils.
SCHOOLING School"ing, a. Etym: [See School a shoal.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Collecting or running in schools or shoals. Schooling species like the herring and menhaden. G. B. Goode.
SCHOOLMA'AM School"ma'am, n.
Defn: A schoolmistress. [Colloq.U.S.]
SCHOOLMAID School"maid`, n.
Defn: A schoolgirl. Shak.
SCHOOLMAN School"man`, n.; pl. Schoolmen (.
Defn: One versed in the niceties of academical disputation or of school divinity.
Note: The schoolmen were philosophers and divines of the Middle Ages, esp. from the 11th century to the Reformation, who spent much time on points of nice and abstract speculation. They were so called because they taught in the mediæval universities and schools of divinity.
SCHOOLMASTER School"mas`ter, n.
1. The man who presides over and teaches a school; a male teacher of a school. Let the soldier be abroad if he will; he can do nothing in this age. There is another personage abroad, -- a person less imposing, -- in the eyes of some, perhaps, insignificant. The schoolmaster is abroad; and I trust to him, armed with his primer, against the soldier in full military array. Brougham.
2. One who, or that which, disciplines and directs. The law was our schoolmaster, to bring us into Christ. Gal. iii. 24.
SCHOOLMATE School"mate`, n.
Defn: A pupil who attends the same school as another.
SCHOOLMISTRESS School"mis`tress, n.
Defn: A woman who governs and teaches a school; a female school- teacher.
SCHOOLROOM School"room`, n.
Defn: A room in which pupils are taught.
SCHOOLSHIP School"ship`, n.
Defn: A vessel employed as a nautical training school, in which naval apprentices receive their education at the expense of the state, and are trained for service as sailors. Also, a vessel used as a reform school to which boys are committed by the courts to be disciplined, and instructed as mariners.
SCHOOL-TEACHER School"-teach`er, n.
Defn: One who teaches or instructs a school. -- School"-teach`ing, n.
SCHOOLWARD School"ward, adv.
Defn: Toward school. Chaucer.
SCHOONER Schoon"er, n. Etym: [See the Note below. Cf. Shun.] (Naut.)
Defn: Originally, a small, sharp-built vessel, with two topsails on one or both masts and was called a topsail schooner. About 1840, longer vesels with three masts, fore-and-aft rigged, came into use, and since that time vesels with four masts and even with six masts, so rigged, are built. Schooners with more than two masts are designated three-masted schooners, four-masted schooners, etc. See Illustration in Appendix.
Note: The fist schooner ever constructed is said to have between built in Gloucester, Massachusetts, about theyar 1713, by a Captain Andrew Robinson, and to have received its name from the following trivial circumstance: When the vessel went off the stocks into the water, a bystander cried out,"O, how she scoons!" Robinson replied, " A scooner let her be;" and, from that time, vessels thus masted and rigged have gone by this name. The word scoon is popularly used in some parts of New England to denote the act of making stones skip along the surface of water. The Scottish scon means the same thing. Both words are probably allied to the Icel. skunda, skynda, to make haste, hurry, AS. scunian to avoid, shun, Prov. E. scun. In the New England records, the word appears to have been originally written scooner. Babson, in his "History of Gloucester," gives the following extract from a letter written in that place Sept. 25, 1721, by Dr. Moses Prince, brother of the Rev. Thomas Prince, the annalist of New England: "This gentleman (Captain Robinson) was first contriver of schooners, and built the first of that sort about eight years since."
SCHOONER Schoon"er, n. Etym: [D.]
Defn: A large goblet or drinking glass, -- used for lager beer or ale. [U.S.]
SCHORL Schorl (shôrl), n. Etym: [G. schörl; cf. Sw. skörl.] (Min.)
Defn: Black tourmaline. [Written also shorl.]
SCHORLACEOUS Schor*la"ceous, a.
Defn: Partaking of the nature and character of schorl; resembling schorl.
SCHORLOUS Schorl"ous, a.
Defn: Schorlaceous.
SCHORLY Schorl"y, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, schorl; as, schorly granite.
SCHOTTISH; SCHOTTISCHE Schot"tish, Schot"tische, (, n. Etym: [F. schottish, schotisch from G. schottisch Scottish, Scotch.]
Defn: A Scotch round dance in 2-4 time, similar to the polka, only slower; also, the music for such a dance; -- not to be confounded with the Écossaise.
SCHREIBERSITE Schrei"bers*ite, n. Etym: [Named after Carl von Schreibers, of Vienna.] (Min.)
Defn: A mineral occurring in steel-gray flexible folia. It contains iron, nickel, and phosphorus, and is found only in meteoric iron.
SCHRODE Schrode, n.
Defn: See Scrod.
SCHWANN'S SHEATH Schwann's" sheath`. Etym: [So called from Theodor Schwann, a German anatomist of the 19th century.] (Anat.)
Defn: The neurilemma.
SCHWANN'S WHITE SUBSTANCE Schwann's white" sub"stance. (Anat.)
Defn: The substance of the medullary sheath.
SCHWANPAN Schwan"pan`, n.
Defn: Chinese abacus.
SCHWEITZERKASE; SCHWEITZERKAESE Schweit"zer*kä"se, n. Etym: [G. schweizerkäse Swiss cheese.]
Defn: Gruyère cheese.
SCHWENKFELDER; SCHWENKFELDIAN Schwenk"feld`er, Schwenk"feld`i*an, n.
Defn: A member of a religious sect founded by Kaspar von Schwenkfeld, a Silesian reformer who disagreed with Luther, especially on the deification of the body of Christ.
SCIAENOID Sci*æ"noid, a. Etym: [L. sciæna a kind of fish (fr. Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Sciænidæ, a family of marine fishes which includes the meagre, the squeteague, and the kingfish.
SCIAGRAPH Sci"a*graph, n. Etym: [See Sciagraphy.]
1. (Arch.)
Defn: An old term for a vertical section of a building; -- called also sciagraphy. See Vertical section, under Section.
2. (Phys.)
Defn: A radiograph. [Written also skiagraph.]
SCIAGRAPHICAL Sci`a*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sciagraphique, Gr.
Defn: Pertaining to sciagraphy. -- Sci`a*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.
SCIAGRAPHY Sci*ag"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. sciagraphie.]
1. The art or science of projecting or delineating shadows as they fall in nature. Gwilt.
2. (Arch.)
Defn: Same as Siagraph.
SCIAMACHY Sci*am"a*chy, n.
Defn: See Sciomachy.
SCIATHERIC; SCIATHERICAL Sci`a*ther"ic, Sci`a*ther"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: Belonging to a sundial. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. -- Sci`a*ther"ic*al*ly, adv. [Obs.] J. Gregory.
SCIATIC Sci*at"ic, a. Etym: [F. sciatique, LL. sciaticus, from L. inschiadicus, Gr. Ischiadic.] (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the hip; in the region of, or affecting, the hip; ischial; ischiatic; as, the sciatic nerve, sciatic pains.
SCIATIC Sci*at"ic, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sciatique.] (Med.)
Defn: Sciatica.
SCIATICA Sci*at"i*ca, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)
Defn: Neuralgia of the sciatic nerve, an affection characterized by paroxysmal attacks of pain in the buttock, back of the thing, or in the leg or foot, following the course of the branches of the sciatic nerve. The name is also popularly applied to various painful affections of the hip and the parts adjoininhg. See Ischiadic passion, under Ischiadic.
SCIATICAL Sci*at"ic*al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Sciatic.
SCIATICALLY Sci*at"ic*al*ly, adv.
Defn: With, or by means of, sciatica.
SCIBBOLETH Scib"bo*leth, n.
Defn: Shibboleth. [Obs.]
SCIENCE Sci"ence, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. scientia, fr. sciens, -entis, p.pr. of scire to know. Cf. Conscience, Conscious, Nice.]
1. Knowledge; knowledge of principles and causes; ascertained truth of facts. If we conceive God's or science, before the creation, to be extended to all and every part of the world, seeing everything as it is, . . . his science or sight from all eternity lays no necessity on anything to come to pass. Hammond. Shakespeare's deep and accurate science in mental philosophy. Coleridge.
2. Accumulated and established knowledge, which has been systematized and formulated with reference to the discovery of general truths or the operation of general laws; knowledge classified and made available in work, life, or the search for truth; comprehensive, profound, or philosophical knowledge. All this new science that men lere [teach]. Chaucer. Science is . . . a complement of cognitions, having, in point of form, the character of logical perfection, and in point of matter, the character of real truth. Sir W. Hamilton.
3. Especially, such knowledge when it relates to the physical world and its phenomena, the nature, constitution, and forces of matter, the qualities and function of living tissues, etc.; -- called also natural science, and physical science. Voltaire hardly left a single corner of the field entirely unexplored in science, poetry, history, philosophy. J. Morley.
4. Any branch or departament of systematized knowledge considered as a distinct field of investigation or object of study; as, the science of astronomy, of chemistry, or of mind.
Note: The ancients reckoned seven sciences, namely, grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy; -- the first three being included in the Trivium, the remaining four in the Quadrivium. Good sense, which only is the gift of Heaven, And though no science, fairly worth the seven. Pope.
5. Art, skill, or expertness, regarded as the result of knowledge of laws and principles. His science, coolness, and great strength. G. A. Lawrence.
Note: Science is applied or pure. Applied science is a knowledge of facts, events, or phenomena, as explained, accounted for, or produced, by means of powers, causes, or laws. Pure science is the knowledge of these powers, causes, or laws, considered apart, or as pure from all applications. Both these terms have a similar and special signification when applied to the science of quantity; as, the applied and pure mathematics. Exact science is knowledge so systematized that prediction and verification, by measurement, experiment, observation, etc., are possible. The mathematical and physical sciences are called the exact sciences. Comparative sciences, Inductive sciences. See under Comparative, and Inductive.
Syn. -- Literature; art; knowledge. -- Science, Literature, Art. Science is literally knowledge, but more usually denotes a systematic and orderly arrangement of knowledge. In a more distinctive sense, science embraces those branches of knowledge of which the subject-matter is either ultimate principles, or facts as explained by principles or laws thus arranged in natural order. The term literature sometimes denotes all compositions not embraced under science, but usually confined to the belles-lettres. [See Literature.] Art is that which depends on practice and skill in performance. "In science, scimus ut sciamus; in art, scimus ut producamus. And, therefore, science and art may be said to be investigations of truth; but one, science, inquires for the sake of knowledge; the other, art, for the sake of production; and hence science is more concerned with the higher truths, art with the lower; and science never is engaged, as art is, in productive application. And the most perfect state of science, therefore, will be the most high and accurate inquiry; the perfection of art will be the most apt and efficient system of rules; art always throwing itself into the form of rules." Karslake.
SCIENCE Sci"ence, v. t.
Defn: To cause to become versed in science; to make skilled; to instruct. [R.] Francis.
SCIENT Sci"ent, a. Etym: [L. sciens, -entis, p.pr.]
Defn: Knowing; skillful. [Obs.] Cockeram.
SCIENTER Sci*en"ter, adv. Etym: [L.] (Law)
Defn: Knowingly; willfully. Bouvier.
SCIENTIAL Sci*en"tial, a. Etym: [LL. scientialis, fr. L. scientic.]
Defn: Pertaining to, or producing, science. [R.] Milton.
SCIENTIFIC Sci`en*tif"ic, a. Etym: [F. scientifique; L. scientia science + facere to make.]
1. Of or pertaining to science; used in science; as, scientific principles; scientific apparatus; scientific observations.
2. Agreeing with, or depending on, the rules or principles of science; as, a scientific classification; a scientific arrangement of fossils.
3. Having a knowledge of science, or of a science; evincing science or systematic knowledge; as, a scientific chemist; a scientific reasoner; a scientific argument. Bossuet is as scientific in the structure of his sentences. Lander. Scientific method, the method employed in exact science and consisting of: (a) Careful and abundant observation and experiment. (b) generalization of the results into formulated "Laws" and statements.
SCIENTIFICAL Sci`en*tif"ic*al, a.
Defn: Scientific. Locke.
SCIENTIFICALLY Sci`en*tif"ic*al*ly, adv.
Defn: In a scientific manner; according to the rules or principles of science. It is easier to believe than to be scientifically instructed. Locke.
SCIENTIST Sci"en*tist, n.
Defn: One learned in science; a scientific investigator; one devoted to scientific study; a savant. [Recent]
Note: Twenty years ago I ventured to propose one [a name for the class of men who give their lives to scientific study] which has been slowly finding its way to general adoption; and the word scientist, though scarcely euphonious, has gradually assumed its place in our vocabulary. B. A. Gould (Address, 1869).
SCILICET Scil"i*cet, adv. Etym: [L., fr. scire licet you may know.]
Defn: To wit; namely; videlicet; -- often abbreviated to sc., or ss.
SCILLAIN Scil"la*in, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A glucoside extracted from squill (Scilla) as a light porous substance.
SCILLITIN Scil"li*tin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. scilistine.] (Chem.)
Defn: A bitter principle extracted from the bulbs of the squill (Scilla), and probably consisting of a complex mixture of several substances.
SCIMITER; SCIMITAR Scim"i*ter , Scim"i*tar, n. Etym: [F. cimeterre, cf. It. scimitarra, Sp. cimitarra; fr. Biscayan cimetarry with a sharp edge; or corrupted from Per. shimshir.]
1. A saber with a much curved blade having the edge on the convex side, -- in use among Mohammedans, esp., the Arabs and persians. [Written also cimeter, and scymetar.]
2. A long-handled billhook. See Billhook. Scimiter pods (Bot.), the immense curved woody pods of a leguminous woody climbing plant (Entada scandens) growing in tropical India and America. They contain hard round flattish seeds two inches in diameter, which are made into boxes.
SCINCOID Scin"coid, a. Etym: [L. scincus a kind of lizard (fr. Gr. -oid. Cf. Skink.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the family Scincidæ, or skinks. -- n.
Defn: A scincoidian.
SCINCOIDEA Scin*coi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A tribe of lizards including the skinks. See Skink.
SCINCOIDIAN Scin*coid"i*an, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of lizards of the family Scincidæ or tribe Scincoidea. The tongue is not extensile. The body and tail are covered with overlapping scales, and the toes are margined. See Illust. under Skink.
SCINIPH Scin"iph, n. Etym: [L. scinifes, cinifes, or ciniphes, pl., Gr.
Defn: Some kind of stinging or biting insect, as a flea, a gnat, a sandly, or the like. Ex. viii. 17 (Douay version).
SCINK Scink, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A skink.
SCINK Scink, n.
Defn: A slunk calf. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
SCINTILLA Scin*til"la, n. Etym: [L.]
Defn: A spark; the least particle; an iota; a tittle. R. North.
SCINTILLANT Scin"til*lant, a. Etym: [L. scintillans, p.pr. of scintillare to sparkle. See Scintillate.]
Defn: Emitting sparks, or fine igneous particles; sparkling. M. Green.
SCINTILLATE Scin"til*late, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Scintillated; p. pr. & vb. n. Scintillating.] Etym: [L. scintillare, scintillatum, from scintilla a spark. Cf. Stencil.]
1. To emit sparks, or fine igneous particles. As the electrical globe only scintillates when rubbed against its cushion. Sir W. Scott.
2. To sparkle, as the fixed stars.
SCINTILLATION Scin`til*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. scintillatio: cf. F. scintillation.]
1. The act of scintillating.
2. A spark of flash emitted in scintillating. These scintillations are . . . the inflammable effluences discharged from the bodies collided. Sir T. Browne.
SCINTILLOUS Scin"til*lous, a.
Defn: Scintillant. [R.]
SCINTILLOUSLY Scin"til*lous*ly, adv.
Defn: In a scintillant manner. [R.]
SCIOGRAPHY Sci*og"ra*phy, n.
Defn: See Sciagraphy.
SCIOLISM Sci"o*lism, n. Etym: [See Sciolist.]
Defn: The knowledge of a sciolist; superficial knowledge.
SCIOLIST Sci"o*list, n. Etym: [L. sciolus. See Sciolous.]
Defn: One who knows many things superficially; a pretender to science; a smatterer. These passages in that book were enough to humble the presumption of our modern sciolists, if their pride were not as great as their ignorance. Sir W. Temple. A master were lauded and scolists shent. R. Browning.
SCIOLISTIC Sci`o*lis"tic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to sciolism, or a sciolist; partaking of sciolism; resembling a sciolist.
SCIOLOUS Sci"o*lous, a. Etym: [L. scilus, dim. of scius knowing, fr. scire to know. See Science.]
Defn: Knowing superficially or imperfectly. Howell.
SCIOMACHY Sci*om"a*chy, n. Etym: [Gr. sciomachie, sciamachie.]
Defn: A fighting with a shadow; a mock contest; an imaginary or futile combat. [Written also scimachy.] Cowley.
SCIOMANCY Sci"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy: cf. F. sciomance, scaimancie.]
Defn: Divination by means of shadows.
SCION Sci"on, n. Etym: [OF. cion, F. scion, probably fron scier to saw, fr. L. secare to cut. Cf. Section.]
1. (Bot.) (a) A shoot or sprout of a plant; a sucker. (b) A piece of a slender branch or twig cut for grafting. [Formerly written also cion, and cyon.]
2. Hence, a descendant; an heir; as, a scion of a royal stock.