Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (part 17 of 60)

Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (part 17 of 60)

Defn: Cudweed, a species of Gnaphalium.

DOWNWEIGH Down`weigh", v. t.

Defn: To weigh or press down. A different sin downweighs them to the bottom. Longfellow.

DOWN-WIND Down"-wind`, adv.

Defn: With the wind.

DOWNY Down"y, a.

1. Covered with down, or with pubescence or soft hairs. "A downy feather." Shak. Plants that . . . have downy or velvet rind upon their leaves. Bacon.

2. Made of, or resembling, down. Hence, figuratively: Soft; placid; soothing; quiet. "A downy shower." Keble. "Downy pillow." Pope. Time steals on with downy feet. Young.

3. Cunning; wary. [Slang, Eng.] Latham.

DOWRAL Dow"ral, a.

Defn: Of or relating to a dower. [R.]

DOWRESS Dow"ress, n.

Defn: A woman entitled to dower. Bouvier.

DOWRY Dow"ry, n.; pl. Dowries. Etym: [Contr. from dowery; cf. LL. dotarium. See Dower.]

1. A gift; endowment. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. The money, goods, or estate, which a woman brings to her husband in marriage; a bride's portion on her marriage. See Note under Dower. Shak. Dryden.

3. A gift or presents for the bride, on espousal. See Dower. Ask me never so much dowry and gift, and I will give . . .; but give me the damsel to wife. Gen. xxxiv. 12.

DOWSE Dowse, v. t. Etym: [Cf. 1st Douse.]

1. To plunge, or duck into water; to immerse; to douse.

2. Etym: [Cf. OD. doesen to strike, Norw. dusa to break.]

Defn: To beat or thrash. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

DOWSE Dowse, v. i.

Defn: To use the dipping or divining rod, as in search of water, ore, etc. Adams had the reputation of having dowsed successfully for more than a hundred wells. Eng. Cyc.

DOWSE Dowse, n.

Defn: A blow on the face. [Low] Colman.

DOWSER Dows"er, n.

1. A divining rod used in searching for water, ore, etc., a dowsing rod. [Colloq.]

2. One who uses the dowser or divining rod. Eng. Cyc.

DOWST Dowst, n.

Defn: A dowse. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

DOWVE Dow"ve, n.

Defn: A dove. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DOXOLOGICAL Dox`o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to doxology; giving praise to God. Howell.

DOXOLOGIZE Dox*ol"o*gize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Doxologized; p. pr. & vb. n. Doxologizing.]

Defn: To give glory to God, as in a doxology; to praise God with doxologies.

DOXOLOGY Dox*ol"o*gy, n.; pl. Doxologies. Etym: [LL. doxologia, Gr. doxologie. See Dogma, and Legend.]

Defn: In Christian worship: A hymn expressing praise and honor to God; a form of praise to God designed to be sung or chanted by the choir or the congregation. David breaks forth into these triumphant praises and doxologies. South.

DOXY Dox"y, n.; pl. Doxies. Etym: [See Duck a pet.]

Defn: A loose wench; a disreputable sweetheart. Shak.

DOYEN Doy`en", n. [F. See Dean.]

Defn: Lit., a dean; the senior member of a body or group; as, the doyen of French physicians. "This doyen of newspapers." A. R. Colquhoun.

DOYLY Doy"ly, n.

Defn: See Doily.

DOZE Doze, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dozed; p. pr. & vb. n. Dozing.] Etym: [Prob. akin to daze, dizzy: cf. Icel. d to doze, Dan. döse to make dull, heavy, or drowsy, dös dullness, drowsiness, dösig drowsy, AS. dw dull, stupid, foolish. Dizzy.]

Defn: To slumber; to sleep lightly; to be in a dull or stupefied condition, as if half asleep; to be drowsy. If he happened to doze a little, the jolly cobbler waked him. L'Estrange.

DOZE Doze, v. t.

1. To pass or spend in drowsiness; as, to doze away one's time.

2. To make dull; to stupefy. [Obs.] I was an hour . . . in casting up about twenty sums, being dozed with much work. Pepys. They left for a long time dozed and benumbed. South.

DOZE Doze, n.

Defn: A light sleep; a drowse. Tennyson.

DOZEN Doz"en, n.; pl. Dozen (before another noun), Dozens (. Etym: [OE. doseine, dosein, OF. doseine, F. douzaine, fr. douze twelve, fr. L. duodecim; duo two + decem ten. See Two, Ten, and cf. Duodecimal.]

1. A collection of twelve objects; a tale or set of twelve; with or without of before the substantive which follows. "Some six or seven dozen of Scots." "A dozen of shirts to your back." "A dozen sons." "Half a dozen friends." Shak.

2. An indefinite small number. Milton. A baker's dozen, thirteen; -- called also a long dozen.

DOZENTH Doz"enth, a.

Defn: Twelfth. [R.]

DOZER Doz"er, n.

Defn: One who dozes or drowses.

DOZINESS Doz"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being dozy; drowsiness; inclination to sleep.

DOZY Doz"y, a.

Defn: Drowsy; inclined to doze; sleepy; sluggish; as, a dozy head. Dryden.

DOZZLED Doz"zled, a. [

Defn: Stupid; heavy. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

DRAB Drab, n. Etym: [AS. drabbe dregs, lees; akin to D. drab, drabbe, dregs, G. treber; for sense 1, cf. also Gael. drabag a slattern, drabach slovenly. Cf. Draff.]

1. A low, sluttish woman. King.

2. A lewd wench; a strumpet. Shak.

3. A wooden box, used in salt works for holding the salt when taken out of the boiling pans.

DRAB Drab, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drabbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Drabbing.]

Defn: To associate with strumpets; to wench. Beau. & Fl.

DRAB Drab, n. Etym: [F. drap cloth: LL. drappus, trapus, perh. orig., a firm, solid stuff, cf. F. draper to drape, also to full cloth; prob. of German origin; cf. Icel. drepa to beat, strike, AS. drepan, G. treffen; perh. akin to E. drub. Cf. Drape, Trappings.]

1. A kind of thick woolen cloth of a dun, or dull brownish yellow, or dull gray, color; -- called also drabcloth.

2. A dull brownish yellow or dull gray color.

DRAB Drab, a.

Defn: Of a color between gray and brown. -- n.

Defn: A drab color.

DRABBER Drab"ber, n.

Defn: One who associates with drabs; a wencher. Massinger.

DRABBET Drab"bet, n.

Defn: A coarse linen fabric, or duck.

DRABBISH Drab"bish, a.

Defn: Somewhat drab in color.

DRABBISH Drab"bish, a.

Defn: Having the character of a drab or low wench. "The drabbish sorceress." Drant.

DRABBLE Drab"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Drabbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Drabbling.] [Drab, Draff.]

Defn: To draggle; to wet and befoul by draggling; as, to drabble a gown or cloak. Halliwell.

DRABBLE Drab"ble, v. i.

Defn: To fish with a long line and rod; as, to drabble for barbels.

DRABBLER Drab"bler, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A piece of canvas fastened by lacing to the bonnet of a sail, to give it a greater depth, or more drop.

DRABBLE-TAIL Drab"ble-tail`, n.

Defn: A draggle-tail; a slattern. Halliwell.

DRACAENA Dra*cæ"na, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of liliaceous plants with woody stems and funnel-shaped flowers.

Note: Dracæna Draco, the source of the dragon's blood of the Canaries, forms a tree, sometimes of gigantic size.

DRACANTH Dra"canth, n.

Defn: A kind of gum; -- called also gum tragacanth, or tragacanth. See Tragacanth.

DRACHM Drachm, n. Etym: [See Drachma.]

1. A drachma.

2. Same as Dram.

DRACHMA Drach"ma, n.; pl. E. Drachmas, L. Drachmæ. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Dram.]

1. A silver coin among the ancient Greeks, having a different value in different States and at different periods. The average value of the Attic drachma is computed to have been about 19 cents.

2. A gold and silver coin of modern Greece worth 19.3 cents.

3. Among the ancient Greeks, a weight of about 66.5 grains; among the modern Greeks, a weight equal to a gram.

DRACHME Drach"me, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Drachma.

DRACIN Dra"cin, n.Etym: [Cf. F. dracine.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Draconin.

DRACO Dra"co, n. Etym: [L. See Dragon.]

1. (Astron.)

Defn: The Dragon, a northern constellation within which is the north pole of the ecliptic.

2. A luminous exhalation from marshy grounds.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of lizards. See Dragon, 6.

DRACONIAN Dra*co"ni*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Draco, a famous lawgiver of Athens, 621 b. c. Draconian code, or Draconian laws, a code of laws made by Draco. Their measures were so severe that they were said to be written in letters of blood; hence, any laws of excessive rigor.

DRACONIC Dra*con"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to Draco, the Athenian lawgiver; or to the constellation Draco; or to dragon's blood.

DRACONIN Dra*co"nin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. draconine. See Draco.] (Chem.)

Defn: A red resin forming the essential basis of dragon's blood; -- called also dracin.

DRACONTIC Dra*con"tic, a. Etym: [From L. draco dragon, in allusion to the terms dragon's head and dragon's tail.] (Astron.)

Defn: Belonging to that space of time in which the moon performs one revolution, from ascending node to ascending node. See Dragon's head, under Dragon. [Obs.] "Dracontic month." Crabb.

DRACONTINE Dra*con"tine, a. Etym: [L. draco dragon.]

Defn: Belonging to a dragon. Southey.

DRACUNCULUS Dra*cun"cu*lus, n.; pl. Dracunculi. Etym: [L., dim. of draco dragon.] (Zoöl.) (a) A fish; the dragonet. (b) The Guinea worm (Filaria medinensis).

DRAD Drad, p. p. & a.

Defn: Dreaded. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DRADDE Drad"de, imp.

Defn: of Dread. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DRADGE Dradge, n. (Min.)

Defn: Inferior ore, separated from the better by cobbing. Raymond.

DRAFF Draff, n. Etym: [Cf. D. draf the sediment of ale, Icel. draf draff, husks. Cf. 1st Drab.]

Defn: Refuse; lees; dregs; the wash given to swine or cows; hogwash; waste matter. Prodigals lately come from swine keeping, from eating draff and husks. Shak. The draff and offal of a bygone age. Buckle. Mere chaff and draff, much better burnt. Tennyson.

DRAFF Draff, n. Etym: [The same word as draught. OE. draught, draht, fr. AS. dragan to draw. See Draw, and cf. Draught.]

1. The act of drawing; also, the thing drawn. Same as Draught. Everything available for draft burden. S. G. Goodrich.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A selecting or detaching of soldiers from an army, or from any part of it, or from a military post; also from any district, or any company or collection of persons, or from the people at large; also, the body of men thus drafted. Several of the States had supplied the deficiency by drafts to serve for the year. Marshall.

3. An order from one person or party to another, directing the payment of money; a bill of exchange. I thought it most prudent to deter the drafts till advice was received of the progress of the loan. A. Hamilton.

4. An allowance or deduction made from the gross veight of goods. Simmonds.

5. A drawing of lines for a plan; a plan delineated, or drawn in outline; a delineation. See Draught.

6. The form of any writing as first drawn up; the first rough sketch of written composition, to be filled in, or completed. See Draught.

7. (Masonry) (a) A narrow border left on a finished stone, worked differently from the rest of its face. (b) A narrow border worked to a plane surface along the edge of a stone, or across its face, as a guide to the stone-cutter.

8. (Milling)

Defn: The slant given to the furrows in the dress of a millstone.

9. (Naut.)

Defn: Depth of water necessary to float a ship. See Draught.

10. A current of air. Same as Draught.

DRAFFISH Draff"ish, a.

Defn: Worthless; draffy. Bale.

DRAFFY Draff"y, a.

Defn: Dreggy; waste; worthless. The dregs and draffy part. Beau. & Fl.

DRAFT Draft, a.

1. Pertaining to, or used for, drawing or pulling (as vehicles, loads, etc.). Same as Draught.

2. Relating to, or characterized by, a draft, or current of air. Same as Draught.

Note: The forms draft and draught, in the senses above-given, are both on approved use. Draft box, Draft engine, Draft horse, Draft net, Draft ox, Draft tube. Same as Draught box, Draught engine, etc. See under Draught.

DRAFT Draft, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Drafted; p. pr. & vb. n. Drafting.]

1. To draw the outline of; to delineate.

2. To compose and write; as, to draft a memorial.

3. To draw from a military band or post, or from any district, company, or society; to detach; to select. Some royal seminary in Upper Egypt, from whence they drafted novices to supply their colleges and temples. Holwell.

4. To transfer by draft. All her rents been drafted to London. Fielding.

DRAFTSMAN Drafts"man, n.

Defn: See Draughtsman.

DRAG Drag, n. Etym: [See 3d Dredge.]

Defn: A confection; a comfit; a drug. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DRAG Drag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dragged; p. pr. & vb. n. Dragging.] Etym: [OE. draggen; akin to Sw. dragga to search with a grapnel, fr. dragg grapnel, fr. draga to draw, the same word as E. draw. Draw.]

1. To draw slowly or heavily onward; to pull along the ground by main force; to haul; to trail; -- applied to drawing heavy or resisting bodies or those inapt for drawing, with labor, along the ground or other surface; as, to drag stone or timber; to drag a net in fishing. Dragged by the cords which through his feet were thrust. Denham. The grossness of his nature will have weight to drag thee down. Tennyson. A needless Alexandrine ends the song That, like a wounded snake, drags its slow length along. Pope.

2. To break, as land, by drawing a drag or harrow over it; to harrow; to draw a drag along the bottom of, as a stream or other water; hence, to search, as by means of a drag. Then while I dragged my brains for such a song. Tennyson.

3. To draw along, as something burdensome; hence, to pass in pain or with difficulty. Have dragged a lingering life. Dryden. To drag an anchor (Naut.), to trail it along the bottom when the anchor will not hold the ship.

Syn. -- See Draw.

DRAG Drag, v. i.

1. To be drawn along, as a rope or dress, on the ground; to trail; to be moved onward along the ground, or along the bottom of the sea, as an anchor that does not hold.

2. To move onward heavily, laboriously, or slowly; to advance with weary effort; to go on lingeringly. The day drags through, though storms keep out the sun. Byron. Long, open panegyric drags at best. Gay.

3. To serve as a clog or hindrance; to hold back. A propeller is said to drag when the sails urge the vessel faster than the revolutions of the screw can propel her. Russell.

4. To fish with a dragnet.

DRAG Drag, n. Etym: [See Drag, v. t., and cf. Dray a cart, and 1st Dredge.]

1. The act of dragging; anything which is dragged.

2. A net, or an apparatus, to be drawn along the bottom under water, as in fishing, searching for drowned persons, etc.

3. A kind of sledge for conveying heavy bodies; also, a kind of low car or handcart; as, a stone drag.

4. A heavy coach with seats on top; also, a heavy carriage. [Collog.] Thackeray.

5. A heavy harrow, for breaking up ground.

6. (a) Anything towed in the water to retard a ship's progress, or to keep her head up to the wind; esp., a canvas bag with a hooped mouth, so used. See Drag sail (below). (b) Also, a skid or shoe, for retarding the motion of a carriage wheel. (c) Hence, anything that retards; a clog; an obstacle to progress or enjoyment. My lectures were only a pleasure to me, and no drag. J. D. Forbes.

7. Motion affected with slowness and difficulty, as if clogged. "Had a drag in his walk." Hazlitt.

8. (Founding)

Defn: The bottom part of a flask or mold, the upper part being the cope.

9. (Masonry)

Defn: A steel instrument for completing the dressing of soft stone.

10. (Marine Engin.)

Defn: The difference between the speed of a screw steamer under sail and that of the screw when the ship outruns the screw; or between the propulsive effects of the different floats of a paddle wheel. See Citation under Drag, v. i., 3. Drag sail (Naut.), a sail or canvas rigged on a stout frame, to be dragged by a vessel through the water in order to keep her head to the wind or to prevent drifting; -- called also drift sail, drag sheet, drag anchor, sea anchor, floating anchor, etc. -- Drag twist (Mining), a spiral hook at the end of a rod for cleaning drilled holes.

DRAGANTINE Dra*gan"tine, n. Etym: [See Dracanth.]

Defn: A mucilage obtained from, or containing, gun tragacanth.

DRAGBAR Drag"bar`, n.

Defn: Same as Drawbar (b). Called also draglink, and drawlink. [U. S.]

DRAGBOLT Drag"bolt`, n.

Defn: A coupling pin. See under Coupling. [U. S.]

DRAGEES Dra`gées", n. pl. Etym: [F. See 3d Dredge.] (Pharmacy)

Defn: Sugar-coated medicines.

DRAGGLE Drag"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Draggled; p. pr. & vb. n. Draggling.] Etym: [Freq. of drag. Drawl.]

Defn: To wet and soil by dragging on the ground, mud, or wet grass; to drabble; to trail. Gray. With draggled nets down-hanging to the tide. Trench.

DRAGGLE Drag"gle, v. i.

Defn: To be dragged on the ground; to become wet or dirty by being dragged or trailed in the mud or wet grass. Hudibras.

DRAGGLE-TAIL Drag"gle-tail`, n.

Defn: A slattern who suffers her gown to trail in the mire; a drabble-tail.

DRAGGLE-TAILED Drag"gle-tailed`, a.

Defn: Untidy; sluttish; slatternly. W. Irving.

DRAG LINE; DRAG ROPE Drag line or drag rope . (Aëronautics)

Defn: A guide rope.

DRAGLINK Drag"link`, n. (Mach.) (a) A link connecting the cranks of two shafts. (b) A drawbar.

DRAGMAN Drag"man, n.; pl. Dragmen (.

Defn: A fisherman who uses a dragnet. Sir M. Hale.

DRAGNET Drag"net`, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. drægnet.]

Defn: A net to be drawn along the bottom of a body of water, as in fishing.

DRAGOMAN Drag"o*man, n.; pl. Dragomans. Etym: [From F. dragoman, or Sp. dragoman, or It. dragomanno; all fr. LGr. tarjuman, from the same source as E. targum. Cf. Drogman, Truchman.]

Defn: An interpreter; -- so called in the Levant and other parts of the East.

DRAGON Drag"on, n. Etym: [F. dragon, L. draco, fr. Gr. dar to see), and so called from its terrible eyes. Cf. Drake a dragon, Dragoon.]

1. (Myth.)

Defn: A fabulous animal, generally represented as a monstrous winged serpent or lizard, with a crested head and enormous claws, and regarded as very powerful and ferocious. The dragons which appear in early paintings and sculptures are invariably representations of a winged crocodile. Fairholt.

Note: In Scripture the term dragon refers to any great monster, whether of the land or sea, usually to some kind of serpent or reptile, sometimes to land serpents of a powerful and deadly kind. It is also applied metaphorically to Satan. Thou breakest the heads of the dragons in the waters. Ps. lxxiv. 13. Thou shalt tread upon the lion and adder; the young lion and the dragon shalt thou trample under feet. Ps. xci. 13. He laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil and Satan, and bound him a thousand years. Rev. xx. 2.

2. A fierce, violent person, esp. a woman. Johnson.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: A constellation of the northern hemisphere figured as a dragon; Draco.

4. A luminous exhalation from marshy grounds, seeming to move through the air as a winged serpent.

5. (Mil. Antiq.)

Defn: A short musket hooked to a swivel attached to a soldier's belt; -- so called from a representation of a dragon's head at the muzzle. Fairholt.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small arboreal lizard of the genus Draco, of several species, found in the East Indies and Southern Asia. Five or six of the hind ribs, on each side, are prolonged and covered with weblike skin, forming a sort of wing. These prolongations aid them in making long leaps from tree to tree. Called also flying lizard.

7. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A variety of carrier pigeon.

8. (Her.)

Defn: A fabulous winged creature, sometimes borne as a charge in a coat of arms.

Note: Dragon is often used adjectively, or in combination, in the sense of relating to, resembling, or characteristic of, a dragon. Dragon arum (Bot.), the name of several species of Arisæma, a genus of plants having a spathe and spadix. See Dragon root(below). -- Dragon fish (Zoöl.), the dragonet. -- Dragon fly (Zoöl.), any insect of the family Libellulidæ. They have finely formed, large and strongly reticulated wings, a large head with enormous eyes, and a long body; -- called also mosquito hawks. Their larvæ are aquatic and insectivorous. -- Dragon root (Bot.), an American aroid plant (Arisæma Dracontium); green dragon. -- Dragon's blood, a resinous substance obtained from the fruit of several species of Calamus, esp. from C. Rotang and C. Draco, growing in the East Indies. A substance known as dragon's blood is obtained by exudation from Dracæna Draco; also from Pterocarpus Draco, a tree of the West Indies and South America. The color is red, or a dark brownish red, and it is used chiefly for coloring varnishes, marbles, etc. Called also Cinnabar Græcorum. -- Dragon's head. (a) (Bot.) A plant of several species of the genus Dracocephalum. They are perennial herbs closely allied to the common catnip. (b) (Astron.) The ascending node of a planet, indicated, chiefly in almanacs, by the symbol Encyc. Brit. -- Dragon shell (Zoöl.), a species of limpet. -- Dragon's skin, fossil stems whose leaf scars somewhat resemble the scales of reptiles; -- a name used by miners and quarrymen. Stormonth. -- Dragon's tail (Astron.), the descending node of a planet, indicated by the symbol Dragon's head (above). -- Dragon's wort (Bot.), a plant of the genus Artemisia (A. dracunculus). -- Dragon tree (Bot.), a West African liliaceous tree (Dracæna Draco), yielding one of the resins called dragon's blood. See Dracæna. -- Dragon water, a medicinal remedy very popular in the earlier half of the 17th century. "Dragon water may do good upon him." Randolph (1640). -- Flying dragon, a large meteoric fireball; a bolide.

DRAGONET Drag"on*et, n.

1. A little dragon. Spenser.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small British marine fish (Callionymuslyra); -- called also yellow sculpin, fox, and gowdie.

DRAGONISH Drag"on*ish, a.

Defn: resembling a dragon. Shak.

DRAGONLIKE Drag"on*like`, a.

Defn: Like a dragon. Shak.

DRAGONNADE Drag`on*nade", n. Etym: [F., fr. dragon dragoon, because Louis XIV., in persecuting the Protestants of his kingdom, quartered dragoons upon them.]

Defn: The severe persecution of French Protestants under Louis XIV., by an armed force, usually of dragoons; hence, a rapid and devastating incursion; dragoonade. He learnt it as he watched the dragonnades, the tortures, the massacres of the Netherlands. C. Kingsley.

DRAGON'S BLOOD; DRAGON'S HEAD; DRAGON'S TAIL Drag"on's blood, Drag"on's head, Drag"on's tail.

Defn: See Dragon's blood, Dragon's head, etc., under Dragon.

DRAGOON Dra*goon", n. Etym: [F. dragon dragon, dragoon, fr. L. draco dragon, also, a cohort's standard (with a dragon on it). The name was given from the sense standard. See Dragon.]

1. ((Mil.)

Defn: Formerly, a soldier who was taught and armed to serve either on horseback or on foot; now, a mounted soldier; a cavalry man.

2. A variety of pigeon. Clarke. Dragoon bird (Zoöl.), the umbrella bird.

DRAGOON Dra*goon", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dragooned; p. pr. & vb. n. Dragooning.]

1. To harass or reduce to subjection by dragoons; to persecute by abandoning a place to the rage of soldiers.

2. To compel submission by violent measures; to harass; to persecute. The colonies may be influenced to anything, but they can be dragooned to nothing. Price. Lewis the Fourteenth is justly censured for trying to dragoon his subjects to heaven. Macaulay.

DRAGOONADE Drag`oon*ade", n.

Defn: See Dragonnade.

DRAGOONER Dra*goon"er, n.

Defn: A dragoon. [Obs.]

DRAIL Drail, v. t. & i. [

Defn: To trail; to draggle. [Obs.] South.

DRAIN Drain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Drained; p. pr. & vb. n. Draining.] Etym: [AS. drehnigean to drain, strain; perh. akin to E. draw.]

1. To draw off by degrees; to cause to flow gradually out or off; hence, to cause the exhaustion of. Fountains drain the water from the ground adjacent. Bacon. But it was not alone that the he drained their treasure and hampered their industry. Motley.

2. To exhaust of liquid contents by drawing them off; to make gradually dry or empty; to remove surface water, as from streets, by gutters, etc.; to deprive of moisture; hence, to exhaust; to empty of wealth, resources, or the like; as, to drain a country of its specie. Sinking waters, the firm land to drain, Filled the capacious deep and formed the main. Roscommon.

3. To filter. Salt water, drained through twenty vessels of earth, hath become fresh. Bacon.

DRAIN Drain, v. i.

1. To flow gradually; as, the water of low ground drains off.

2. To become emptied of liquor by flowing or dropping; as, let the vessel stand and drain.

DRAIN Drain, n.

1. The act of draining, or of drawing off; gradual and continuous outflow or withdrawal; as, the drain of specie from a country.

2. That means of which anything is drained; a channel; a trench; a water course; a sewer; a sink.

3. pl.

Defn: The grain from the mashing tub; as, brewers' drains. [Eng.] Halliwell. Box drain, Counter drain. See under Box, Counter. -- Right of drain (Law), an easement or servitude by which one man has a right to convey water in pipes through or over the estate of another. Kent.

DRAINABLE Drain"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being drained.

DRAINAGE Drain"age, n.

1. A draining; a gradual flowing off of any liquid; also, that which flows out of a drain.

2. The mode in which the waters of a country pass off by its streams and rivers.

3. (Engin.)

Defn: The system of drains and their operation, by which superfluous water is removed from towns, railway beds, mines, and other works.

4. Area or district drained; as, the drainage of the Po, the Thames, etc. Latham.

5. (Surg.)

Defn: The act, process, or means of drawing off the pus or fluids from a wound, abscess, etc. Drainage tube (Surg.), a tube introduced into a wound, etc., to draw off the discharges.

DRAINE Draine, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The missel thrush.

DRAINER Drain"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, drains.

DRAINING Drain"ing, vb. n. Etym: of Drain, v. t. (Agric.)

Defn: The art of carrying off surplus water, as from land. Draining tile. Same as Draintile.

DRAINPIPE Drain"pipe`, n.

Defn: A pipe used for carrying off surplus water.

DRAINTILE Drain"tile`, n.

Defn: A hollow tile used in making drains; -- called also draining tile.

DRAINTRAP Drain"trap`, n.

Defn: See 4th Trap, 5.

DRAKE Drake, n. Etym: [Akin to LG. drake, OHG. antrache, anetrecho, G. enterich, Icel. andriki, Dan. andrik, OSw. andrak, andrage, masc., and fr. AS. ened, fem., duck; akin to D. eend, G. ente, Icel. önd, Dan. and, Sw. and, Lith. antis, L. anas, Gr. ati a water fowl. rich. Cf. Gulaund.]

1. The male of the duck kind.

2. Etym: [Cf. Dragon fly, under Dragon.]

Defn: The drake fly. The drake will mount steeple height into the air. Walton. Drake fly, a kind of fly, sometimes used in angling. The dark drake fly, good in August. Walton.

DRAKE Drake, n. Etym: [AS. draca dragon, L. draco. See Dragon.]

1. A dragon. [Obs.] Beowulf resolves to kill the drake. J. A. Harrison (Beowulf).

2. A small piece of artillery. [Obs.] Two or three shots, made at them by a couple of drakes, made them stagger. Clarendon.

DRAKE Drake, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dravik, W. drewg, darnel, cockle, etc.]

Defn: Wild oats, brome grass, or darnel grass; -- called also drawk, dravick, and drank. [Prov. Eng.] Dr. Prior.

DRAKESTONE Drake"stone, n.

Defn: A flat stone so thrown along the surface of water as to skip from point to point before it sinks; also, the sport of so throwing stones; -- sometimes called ducks and drakes. Internal earthquakes, that, not content with one throe, run along spasmodically, like boys playing at what is called drakestone. De Quincey.

DRAM Dram, n. Etym: [OF. drame, F. drachme, L. drachma, drachm, drachma, fr. Gr. Drachm, Drachma.]

1. A weight; in Apothecaries' weight, one eighth part of an ounce, or sixty grains; in Avoirdupois weight, one sixteenth part of an ounce, or 27.34375 grains.

2. A minute quantity; a mite. Were I the chooser, a dram of well-doing should be preferred before many times as mush the forcible hindrance of evildoing. Milton.

3. As much spirituous liquor as is usually drunk at once; as, a dram of brandy; hence, a potation or potion; as, a dram of poison. Shak.

4. (Numis.)

Defn: A Persian daric. Ezra ii. 69. Fluid dram, or Fluid drachm. See under Fluid.

DRAM Dram, v. i. & t.

Defn: To drink drams; to ply with drams. [Low] Johnson. Thackeray.

DRAMA Dra"ma, n. Etym: [L. drama, Gr. daryti.]

1. A composition, in prose or poetry, accommodated to action, and intended to exhibit a picture of human life, or to depict a series of grave or humorous actions of more than ordinary interest, tending toward some striking result. It is commonly designed to be spoken and represented by actors on the stage. A divine pastoral drama in the Song of Solomon. Milton.

2. A series of real events invested with a dramatic unity and interest. "The drama of war." Thackeray. Westward the course of empire takes its way; The four first acts already past, A fifth shall close the drama with the day; Time's noblest offspring is the last. Berkeley. The drama and contrivances of God's providence. Sharp.

3. Dramatic composition and the literature pertaining to or illustrating it; dramatic literature.

Note: The principal species of the drama are tragedy and comedy; inferior species are tragi-comedy, melodrama, operas, burlettas, and farces. The romantic drama, the kind of drama whose aim is to present a tale or history in scenes, and whose plays (like those of Shakespeare, Marlowe, and others) are stories told in dialogue by actors on the stage. J. A. Symonds.

DRAMATIC; DRAMATICAL Dra*mat"ic, Dra*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. dramatique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the drama; appropriate to, or having the qualities of, a drama; theatrical; vivid. The emperor . . . performed his part with much dramatic effect. Motley.

DRAMATICALLY Dra*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dramatic manner; theatrically; vividly.

DRAMATIS PERSONAE Dram"a*tis per*so"næ. Etym: [L.]

Defn: The actors in a drama or play.

DRAMATIST Dram"a*tist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dramatiste.]

Defn: The author of a dramatic composition; a writer of plays.

DRAMATIZABLE Dram"a*ti`za*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being dramatized.

DRAMATIZATION Dram`a*ti*za"tion, n.

Defn: Act of dramatizing.

DRAMATIZE Dram"a*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dramatized; p. pr. & vb. n. Dramatizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. dramatiser.]

Defn: To compose in the form of the drama; to represent in a drama; to adapt to dramatic representation; as, to dramatize a novel, or an historical episode. They dramatized tyranny for public execration. Motley.

DRAMATURGIC Dram`a*tur"gic, a.

Defn: Relating to dramaturgy.

DRAMATURGIST Dram"a*tur`gist, n.

Defn: One versed in dramaturgy. Carlyle.

DRAMATURGY Dram"a*tur`gy, n. Etym: [Gr. work: cf. F. dramaturgie.]

Defn: The art of dramatic composition and representation.

DRAMMING Dram"ming, n.

Defn: The practice of drinking drams.

DRAMSELLER Dram"sell`er, n.

Defn: One who sells distilled liquors by the dram or glass.

DRAMSHOP Dram"shop`, n.

Defn: A shop or barroom where spirits are sold by the dram.

DRANK Drank, imp.

Defn: of Drink.

DRANK Drank, n. Etym: [Cf. 3d Drake.]

Defn: Wild oats, or darnel grass. See Drake a plant. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

DRAP D'ETE Drap` d'é*té". Etym: [F., clot of summer.]

Defn: A thin woolen fabric, twilled like merino.

DRAPE Drape, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Draped; p. pr. & vb. n. Draping.] Etym: [F. draper, fr. drap cloth. See 3d Drab.]

1. To cover or adorn with drapery or folds of cloth, or as with drapery; as, to drape a bust, a building, etc. The whole people were draped professionally. De Quincey. These starry blossoms, [of the snow] pure and white, Soft falling, falling, through the night, Have draped the woods and mere. Bungay.

2. To rail at; to banter. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.

DRAPE Drape, v. i.

1. To make cloth. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. To design drapery, arrange its folds, etc., as for hangings, costumes, statues, etc.

DRAPER Dra"per, n. Etym: [F. drapier.]

Defn: One who sells cloths; a dealer in cloths; as, a draper and tailor.

DRAPERIED Dra"per*ied, a.

Defn: Covered or supplied with drapery. [R.] Byron.

DRAPERY Dra"per*y, n.; pl. Draperies. Etym: [F. draperie.]

1. The occupation of a draper; cloth-making, or dealing in cloth. Bacon.

2. Cloth, or woolen stuffs in general. People who ought to be weighing out grocery or measuring out drapery. Macaulay.

3. A textile fabric used for decorative purposes, especially when hung loosely and in folds carefully disturbed; as: (a) Garments or vestments of this character worn upon the body, or shown in the representations of the human figure in art. (b) Hangings of a room or hall, or about a bed. Like one that wraps the drapery of his couch About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams. Bryant. All the decent drapery of life is to be rudely torn off. Burke. Casting of draperies. See under Casting. The casting of draperies . . . is one of the most important of an artist's studies. Fairholt.

DRAPET Dra"pet, n. Etym: [Dim. of drap.]

Defn: Cloth. [Obs.] Spenser.

DRASTIC Dras"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. drastique. See Drama.] (Med.)

Defn: Acting rapidly and violently; efficacious; powerful; -- opposed to bland; as, drastic purgatives. -- n. (Med.)

Defn: A violent purgative. See Cathartic.

DRASTY Dras"ty, a. Etym: [AS. dærstan, dresten, dregs.]

Defn: Filthy; worthless. [Obs.] "Drasty ryming." Chaucer.

DRAUGH Draugh, n.

Defn: See Draft. [Obs.]

DRAUGHT Draught, n. Etym: [The same as draft, the spelling with gh indicating an older pronunciation. See Draft, n., Draw.]

1. The act of drawing or pulling; as: (a) The act of moving loads by drawing, as by beasts of burden, and the like. A general custom of using oxen for all sort of draught would be, perhaps, the greatest improvement. Sir W. Temple.

(b) The drawing of a bowstring. [Obs.] She sent an arrow forth with mighty draught. Spenser.

(c) Act of drawing a net; a sweeping the water for fish. Upon the draught of a pond, not one fish was left. Sir M. Hale.

(d) The act of drawing liquor into the mouth and throat; the act of drinking. In his hands he took the goblet, but a while the draught forbore. Trench.

(e) A sudden attack or drawing upon an enemy. [Obs.] By drawing sudden draughts upon the enemy when he looketh not for you. Spenser. (f) (Mil.)

Defn: The act of selecting or detaching soldiers; a draft (see Draft, n., 2) (g) The act of drawing up, marking out, or delineating; representation. Dryden.

2. That which is drawn; as: (a) That which is taken by sweeping with a net. Launch out into the deep, and let down your nets for a draught. Luke v. 4. He laid down his pipe, and cast his net, which brought him a very great draught. L'Estrange. (b) (Mil.)

Defn: The force drawn; a detachment; -- in this sense usually written draft. (c) The quantity drawn in at once in drinking; a potion or potation. Disguise thyself as thou wilt, still, Slavery, . . . still thou art a bitter draught. Sterne. Low lies that house where nut-brown draughts inspired. Goldsmith.

(d) A sketch, outline, or representation, whether written, designed, or drawn; a delineation. A draught of a Toleration Act was offered to the Parliament by a private member. Macaulay. No picture or draught of these things from the report of the eye. South. (e) (Com.)

Defn: An order for the payment of money; -- in this sense almost always written draft. (f) A current of air moving through an inclosed place, as through a room or up a chimney. Thackeray. He preferred to go and sit upon the stairs, in . . . a strong draught of air, until he was again sent for. Dickens.

3. That which draws; as: (a) A team of oxen or horses. Blackstone. (b) A sink or drain; a privy. Shak. Matt. xv. 17. (c) pl. (Med.)

Defn: A mild vesicatory; a sinapism; as, to apply draughts to the feet.

4. Capacity of being drawn; force necessary to draw; traction. The Hertfordshire wheel plow . . . is of the easiest draught. Mortimer.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: The depth of water necessary to float a ship, or the depth a ship sinks in water, especially when laden; as, a ship of twelve feet draught.

6. (Com.)

Defn: An allowance on weighable goods. [Eng.] See Draft,

4.

7. A move, as at chess or checkers. [Obs.] Chaucer.

8. The bevel given to the pattern for a casting, in order that it may be drawn from the sand without injury to the mold.

9. (Masonry)

Defn: See Draft, n.,

7. Angle of draught, the angle made with the plane over which a body is drawn by the line in which the pulling force acts, when the latter has the direction best adapted to overcome the obstacles of friction and the weight of the body. -- Black draught. See under Black, a. -- Blast draught, or Forced draught, the draught produced by a blower, as by blowing in air beneath a fire or drawing out the gases from above it. -- Natural draught, the draught produced by the atmosphere flowing, by its own weight, into a chimney wherein the air is rarefied by heat. -- On draught, so as to be drawn from the wood (as a cask, barrel, etc.) in distinction from being bottled; as, ale on draught. -- Sheer draught. See under Sheer.

DRAUGHT Draught, a.

1. Used for drawing vehicles, loads, etc.; as, a draught beast; draught hooks.

2. Relating to, or characterized by, a draft, or current of air.

3. Used in making drawings; as, draught compasses.

4. Drawn directly from the barrel, or other receptacle, in distinction from bottled; on draught; -- said of ale, cider, and the like.

Note: This word, especially in the first and second meanings, is often written draft, a spelling which is approved by many authorities. Draught box. See Draught tube, below. -- Draught engine (Mining), an engine used for pumping, raising heavy weights, and the like. -- Draught hook (Mil.), one of the hooks on a cannon carriage, used in drawing the gun backward and forward. -- Draught horse, a horse employed in drawing loads, plowing, etc., as distinguished from a saddle horse or carriage horse. -- Draught net, a seine or hauling net. -- Draught ox, an ox employed in hauling loads, plowing, etc. -- Draught tube (Water Wheels), an airtight pipe extending downward into the tailrace from a turbine wheel located above it, to make whole fall available; -- called also draught box.

DRAUGHT Draught (draft), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Draughted; p. pr. & vb. n. Draughting.]

1. To draw out; to call forth. See Draft. Addison.

2. To diminish or exhaust by drawing. [R.] The Parliament so often draughted and drained. Sir W. Scott.

3. To draw in outline; to make a draught, sketch, or plan of, as in architectural and mechanical drawing. Draughting room, a room draughtsmen to work in, and where plans are kept.

DRAUGHTBOARD Draught"board`, n.

Defn: A checkered board on which draughts are played. See Checkerboard.

DRAUGHTHOUSE Draught"house`, n.

Defn: A house for the reception of waste matter; a privy. [Obs.] 2 Kings x. 27.

DRAUGHTS Draughts, n. pl.

Defn: A mild vesicatory. See Draught, n., 3 (c).

DRAUGHTS Draughts, n. pl.

Defn: A game, now more commonly called checkers. See Checkers.

Note: Polish draughts is sometimes played with 40 pieces on a board divided into 100 squares. Am. Cyc.

DRAUGHTSMAN Draughts"man, n.; pl. Draughtsmen (.

1. One who draws pleadings or other writings.

2. One who draws plans and sketches of machinery, structures, and places; also, more generally, one who makes drawings of any kind.

3. A "man" or piece used in the game of draughts.

4. One who drinks drams; a tippler. [Obs.] Tatler.

DRAUGHTSMANSHIP Draughts"man*ship, n.

Defn: The office, art, or work of a draughtsman.

DRAUGHTY Draught"y, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a draught, or current of air; as, a draughtly, comfortless room.

DRAVE Drave

Defn: , old imp. of Drive. [Obs.]

DRAVIDA Dra"vi*da, n. pl. Etym: [Skr. Dravi, prob. meaning, Tamil.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: A race Hindostan, believed to be the original people who occupied the land before the Hindoo or Aryan invasion.

DRAVIDIAN Dra*vid"i*an, a. Etym: [From Skr. Dravi, the name of the southern portion of the peninsula of India.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Dravida. Dravidian languages, a group of languages of Southern India, which seem to have been the idioms of the natives, before the invasion of tribes speaking Sanskrit. Of these languages, the Tamil is the most important.

DRAW Draw, v. t. [imp. Drew; p. p. Drawn; p. pr. & vb. n. Drawing.] Etym: [OE. dra, drahen, draien, drawen, AS. dragan; akin to Icel. & Sw. draga, Dan. drage to draw, carry, and prob. to OS. dragan to bear, carry, D. dragen, G. tragen, Goth. dragan; cf. Skr. dhraj to move along, glide; and perh. akin to Skr. dhar to hold, bear. Drag, Dray a cart, 1st Dredge.]

1. To cause to move continuously by force applied in advance of the thing moved; to pull along; to haul; to drag; to cause to follow. He cast him down to ground, and all along Drew him through dirt and mire without remorse. Spenser. He hastened to draw the stranger into a private room. Sir W. Scott. Do not rich men oppress you, and draw you before the judgment seats James ii. 6. The arrow is now drawn to the head. Atterbury.

2. To influence to move or tend toward one's self; to exercise an attracting force upon; to call towards itself; to attract; hence, to entice; to allure; to induce. The poet Did feign that Orpheus drew trees, stones, and floods. Shak. All eyes you draw, and with the eyes the heart. Dryden.

3. To cause to come out for one's use or benefit; to extract; to educe; to bring forth; as: (a) To bring or take out, or to let out, from some receptacle, as a stick or post from a hole, water from a cask or well, etc. The drew out the staves of the ark. 2 Chron. v. 9. Draw thee waters for the siege. Nahum iii. 14. I opened the tumor by the point of a lancet without drawing one drop of blood. Wiseman.

(b) To pull from a sheath, as a sword. I will draw my sword, my hand shall destroy them. Ex. xv. 9.

(c) To extract; to force out; to elicit; to derive. Spirits, by distillations, may be drawn out of vegetable juices, which shall flame and fume of themselves. Cheyne. Until you had drawn oaths from him. Shak.

(d) To obtain from some cause or origin; to infer from evidence or reasons; to deduce from premises; to derive. We do not draw the moral lessons we might from history. Burke.

(e) To take or procure from a place of deposit; to call for and receive from a fund, or the like; as, to draw money from a bank. (f) To take from a box or wheel, as a lottery ticket; to receive from a lottery by the drawing out of the numbers for prizes or blanks; hence, to obtain by good fortune; to win; to gain; as, he drew a prize. (g) To select by the drawing of lots. Provided magistracies were filled by men freely chosen or drawn. Freeman.

4. To remove the contents of; as: (a) To drain by emptying; to suck dry. Sucking and drawing the breast dischargeth the milk as fast as it can generated. Wiseman.

(b) To extract the bowels of; to eviscerate; as, to draw a fowl; to hang, draw, and quarter a criminal. In private draw your poultry, clean your tripe. King.

5. To take into the lungs; to inhale; to inspire; hence, also, to utter or produce by an inhalation; to heave. "Where I first drew air." Milton. Drew, or seemed to draw, a dying groan. Dryden.

6. To extend in length; to lengthen; to protract; to stretch; to extend, as a mass of metal into wire. How long her face is drawn! Shak. And the huge Offa's dike which he drew from the mouth of Wye to that of Dee. J. R. Green.

7. To run, extend, or produce, as a line on any surface; hence, also, to form by marking; to make by an instrument of delineation; to produce, as a sketch, figure, or picture.

8. To represent by lines drawn; to form a sketch or a picture of; to represent by a picture; to delineate; hence, to represent by words; to depict; to describe. A flattering painter who made it his care To draw men as they ought to be, not as they are. Goldsmith. Can I, untouched, the fair one's passions move, Or thou draw beauty and not feel its power Prior.

9. To write in due form; to prepare a draught of; as, to draw a memorial, a deed, or bill of exchange. Clerk, draw a deed of gift. Shak.

10. To require (so great a depth, as of water) for floating; -- said of a vessel; to sink so deep in (water); as, a ship draws ten feet of water.

11. To withdraw. [Obs.] Chaucer. Go wash thy face, and draw the action. Shak.

12. To trace by scent; to track; -- a hunting term.

Note: Draw, in most of its uses, retains some shade of its original sense, to pull, to move forward by the application of force in advance, or to extend in length, and usually expresses an action as gradual or continuous, and leisurely. We pour liquid quickly, but we draw it in a continued stream. We force compliance by threats, but we draw it by gradual prevalence. We may write a letter with haste, but we draw a bill with slow caution and regard to a precise form. We draw a bar of metal by continued beating. To draw a bow, to bend the bow by drawing the string for discharging the arrow. -- To draw a cover, to clear a cover of the game it contains. -- To draw a curtain, to cause a curtain to slide or move, either closing or unclosing. "Night draws the curtain, which the sun withdraws." Herbert. -- To draw a line, to fix a limit or boundary. -- To draw back, to receive back, as duties on goods for exportation. -- To draw breath, to breathe. Shak. -- To draw cuts or lots. See under Cut, n. -- To draw in. (a) To bring or pull in; to collect. (b) To entice; to inveigle. -- To draw interest, to produce or gain interest. -- To draw off, to withdraw; to abstract. Addison. -- To draw on, to bring on; to occasion; to cause. "War which either his negligence drew on, or his practices procured." Hayward. -- To draw (one) out, to elicit cunningly the thoughts and feelings of another. -- To draw out, to stretch or extend; to protract; to spread out. -- "Wilt thou draw out thine anger to all generations" Ps. lxxxv. 5. "Linked sweetness long drawn out." Milton. -- To draw over, to cause to come over, to induce to leave one part or side for the opposite one. -- To draw the longbow, to exaggerate; to tell preposterous tales. -- To draw (one) to or on to (something), to move, to incite, to induce. "How many actions most ridiculous hast thou been drawn to by thy fantasy" Shak. -- To draw up. (a) To compose in due form; to draught; to form in writing. (b) To arrange in order, as a body of troops; to array. "Drawn up in battle to receive the charge." Dryden.

Syn. -- To Draw, Drag. Draw differs from drag in this, that drag implies a natural inaptitude for drawing, or positive resistance; it is applied to things pulled or hauled along the ground, or moved with toil or difficulty. Draw is applied to all bodies moved by force in advance, whatever may be the degree of force; it commonly implies that some kind of aptitude or provision exists for drawing. Draw is the more general or generic term, and drag the more specific. We say, the horses draw a coach or wagon, but they drag it through mire; yet draw is properly used in both cases.

DRAW Draw, v. i.

1. To pull; to exert strength in drawing anything; to have force to move anything by pulling; as, a horse draws well; the sails of a ship draw well.

Note: A sail is said to draw when it is filled with wind.

2. To draw a liquid from some receptacle, as water from a well. The woman saith unto him, Sir, thou hast nothing to draw with, and the well is deep. John iv. 11.

3. To exert an attractive force; to act as an inducement or enticement. Keep a watch upon the particular bias of their minds, that it may not draw too much. Addison.

4. (Med.)

Defn: To have efficiency as an epispastic; to act as a sinapism; -- said of a blister, poultice, etc.

5. To have draught, as a chimney, flue, or the like; to furnish transmission to smoke, gases, etc.

6. To unsheathe a weapon, especially a sword. So soon as ever thou seest him, draw; and as thou drawest, swear horrible. Shak.

7. To perform the act, or practice the art, of delineation; to sketch; to form figures or pictures. "Skill in drawing." Locke.

8. To become contracted; to shrink. "To draw into less room." Bacon.

9. To move; to come or go; literally, to draw one's self; -- with prepositions and adverbs; as, to draw away, to move off, esp. in racing, to get in front; to obtain the lead or increase it; to draw back, to retreat; to draw level, to move up even (with another); to come up to or overtake another; to draw off, to retire or retreat; to draw on, to advance; to draw up, to form in array; to draw near, nigh, or towards, to approach; to draw together, to come together, to collect.

10. To make a draft or written demand for payment of money deposited or due; -- usually with on or upon. You may draw on me for the expenses of your journey. Jay.

11. To admit the action of pulling or dragging; to undergo draught; as, a carriage draws easily.

12. To sink in water; to require a depth for floating. "Greater hulks draw deep." Shak. To draw to a head. (a) (Med.) To begin to suppurate; to ripen, as a boil. (b) Fig.: To ripen, to approach the time for action; as, the plot draws to a head.

DRAW Draw, n.

1. The act of drawing; draught.

2. A lot or chance to be drawn.

3. A drawn game or battle, etc. [Colloq.]

4. That part of a bridge which may be raised, swung round, or drawn aside; the movable part of a drawbridge. See the Note under Drawbridge. [U.S.]

DRAWABLE Draw"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being drawn.

DRAWBACK Draw"back`, n.

1. A lose of advantage, or deduction from profit, value, success, etc.; a discouragement or hindrance; objectionable feature. The avaridrawback from the wisdom ascribed to him. Hallam.

2. (Com.)

Defn: Money paid back or remitted; especially, a certain amount of duties or customs, sometimes the whole, and sometimes only a part, remitted or paid back by the government, on the exportation of the commodities on which they were levied. M

DRAWBAR Draw"bar`, n. (Railroad) (a) An openmouthed bar at the end of a car, which receives a coupling link and pin by which the car is drawn. It is usually provided with a spring to give elasticity to the connection between the cars of a train. (b) A bar of iron with an eye at each end, or a heavy link, for coupling a locomotive to a tender or car.

DRAWBENCH Draw"bench`, n. (Med.)

Defn: A machine in which strips of metal are drawn through a drawplate; especially, one in which wire is thus made; -- also called drawing bench.

DRAWBOLT Draw"bolt`, n. (Engin.)

Defn: A coupling pin. See under Coupling.

DRAWBORE Draw"bore`, n. (Joinery)

Defn: A hole bored through a tenon nearer to the shoulder than the holes through the cheeks are to the edge or abutment against which the shoulder is to rest, so that a pin or bolt, when driven into it, will draw these parts together. Weale.

DRAWBORE Draw"bore`, v. t.

1. To make a drawbore in; as, to drawbore a tenon.

2. To enlarge the bore of a gun barrel by drawing, instead of thrusting, a revolving tool through it.

DRAWBOY Draw"boy`, n. (Weaving)

Defn: A boy who operates the harness cords of a hand loom; also, a part of power loom that performs the same office.

DRAWBRIDGE Draw"bridge`, n.

Defn: A bridge of which either the whole or a part is made to be raised up, let down, or drawn or turned aside, to admit or hinder communication at pleasure, as before the gate of a town or castle, or over a navigable river or canal.

Note: The movable portion, or draw, is called, specifically, a bascule, balance, or lifting bridge, a turning, swivel, or swing bridge, or a rolling bridge, according as it turns on a hinge vertically, or on a pivot horizontally, or is pushed on rollers.

DRAWCANSIR Draw"can*sir, n. Etym: [From the name of a bullying braggart character in the play by George Villiers called "The Rehearsal."]

Defn: A blustering, bullying fellow; a pot-valiant braggart; a bully. The leader was of an ugly look and gigantic stature; he acted like a drawcansir, sparing neither friend nor foe. Addison.

DRAW-CUT Draw"-cut`, n.

Defn: A single cut with a knife.

DRAWEE Draw*ee", n. (Law)

Defn: The person on whom an order or bill of exchange is drawn; -- the correlative of drawer.

DRAWER Draw"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, draws; as: (a) One who draws liquor for guests; a waiter in a taproom. Shak. (b) One who delineates or depicts; a draughtsman; as, a good drawer. (c) (Law) One who draws a bill of exchange or order for payment; -- the correlative of drawee.

2. That which is drawn; as: (a) A sliding box or receptacle in a case, which is opened by pulling or drawing out, and closed by pushing in. (b) pl.

Defn: An under-garment worn on the lower limbs. Chest of drawers. See under Chest.

DRAWFILING Draw"fil`ing, n.

Defn: The process of smooth filing by working the file sidewise instead of lengthwise.

DRAWGEAR Draw"gear`, n.

1. A harness for draught horses.

2. (Railroad)

Defn: The means or parts by which cars are connected to be drawn.

DRAWGLOVES Draw"gloves`, n. pl.

Defn: An old game, played by holding up the fingers. Herrick.

DRAWHEAD Draw"head`, n. (Railroad)

Defn: The flanged outer end of a drawbar; also, a name applied to the drawgear.

DRAWING Draw"ing, n.

1. The act of pulling, or attracting.

2. The act or the art of representing any object by means of lines and shades; especially, such a representation when in one color, or in tints used not to represent the colors of natural objects, but for effect only, and produced with hard material such as pencil, chalk, etc.; delineation; also, the figure or representation drawn.

3. The process of stretching or spreading metals as by hammering, or, as in forming wire from rods or tubes and cups from sheet metal, by pulling them through dies.

4. (Textile Manuf.)

Defn: The process of pulling out and elongating the sliver from the carding machine, by revolving rollers, to prepare it for spinning.

5. The distribution of prizes and blanks in a lottery.

Note: Drawing is used adjectively or as the first part of compounds in the sense of pertaining to drawing, for drawing (in the sense of pulling, and of pictorial representation); as, drawing master or drawing-master, drawing knife or drawing-knife, drawing machine, drawing board, drawing paper, drawing pen, drawing pencil, etc. A drawing of tea, a small portion of tea for steeping. -- Drawing knife. See in the Vocabulary. -- Drawing paper (Fine Arts), a thick, sized paper for draughtsman and for water-color painting. -- Drawing slate, a soft, slaty substance used in crayon drawing; -- called also black chalk, or drawing chalk. -- Free-hand drawing, a style of drawing made without the use of guiding or measuring instruments, as distinguished from mechanical or geometrical drawing; also, a drawing thus executed.

DRAWING KNIFE; DRAWKNIFE Draw"ing knife", Draw"knife`, n.

1. A joiner's tool having a blade with a handle at each end, used to shave off surfaces, by drawing it toward one; a shave; -- called also drawshave, and drawing shave.

2. (Carp.)

Defn: A tool used for the purpose of making an incision along the path a saw is to follow, to prevent it from tearing the surface of the wood.

DRAWING-ROOM Draw"ing-room`, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. withdraw-ing-room.]

1. A room appropriated for the reception of company; a room to which company withdraws from the dining room.

2. The company assembled in such a room; also, a reception of company in it; as, to hold a drawing-room. He [Johnson] would amaze a drawing-room by suddenly ejaculating a clause of the Lord's Prayer. Macaulay. Drawing-room car. See Palace car, under Car.

DRAWL Drawl, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Drawled; p. pr. & vb. n. Drawling.] Etym: [Prob. fr. draw: cf. D. dralen to linger, tarry, Icel. dralla to loiter. See Draw, and cf. Draggle.]

Defn: To utter in a slow, lengthened tone.

DRAWL Drawl, v. i.

Defn: To speak with slow and lingering utterance, from laziness, lack of spirit, affectation, etc. Theologians and moralists . . . talk mostly in a drawling and dreaming way about it. Landor.

DRAWL Drawl, n.

Defn: A lengthened, slow monotonous utterance.

DRAWLATCH Draw"latch`, n.

Defn: A housebreaker or thief. [Obs.] Old Play (1631).

DRAWLING Drawl"ing, n.

Defn: The act of speaking with a drawl; a drawl. -- Drawl"ing*ly, adv. Bacon.

DRAWLINK Draw"link`, n.

Defn: Same as Drawbar (b).

DRAWLOOM Draw"loom`, n.

1. A kind of loom used in weaving figured patterns; -- called also drawboy.

2. A species of damask made on the drawloom.

DRAWN Drawn, p. p. & a.

Defn: See Draw, v. t. & i. Drawn butter, butter melter and prepared to be used as a sort of gravy. -- Drawn fowl, an eviscerated fowl. -- Drawn game or battle, one in which neither party wins; one equally contested. -- Drawn fox, one driven from cover. Shak. -- Drawn work, ornamental work made by drawing out threads from fine cloth, and uniting the cross threads, to form a pattern.

DRAWNET Draw"net`, n.

Defn: A net for catching the larger sorts of birds; also, a dragnet. Crabb.

DRAWPLATE Draw"plate`, n.

Defn: A hardened steel plate having a hole, or a gradation of conical holes, through which wires are drawn to be reduced and elongated.

DRAWROD Draw"rod`, n. (Railroad)

Defn: A rod which unites the drawgear at opposite ends of the car, and bears the pull required to draw the train.

DRAWSHAVE Draw"shave`, n.

Defn: See Drawing knife.

DRAWSPRING Draw"spring`, n. (Railroad)

Defn: The spring to which a drawbar is attached.

DRAY Dray, n.

Defn: A squirrel's nest. Cowper.

DRAY Dray, n. Etym: [AS. dræge a dragnet, fr. dragan. . See Draw, and cf. 2d Drag, 1st Dredge.]

1. A strong low cart or carriage used for heavy burdens. Addison.

2. A kind of sledge or sled. Halliwell. Dray cart, a dray. -- Dray horse, a heavy, strong horse used in drawing a dray.

DRAYAGE Dray"age, n.

1. Use of a dray.

2. The charge, or sum paid, for the use of a dray.

DRAYMAN Dray"man, n.; pl. Draymen (.

Defn: A man who attends a dray.

DRAZEL Draz"el, n. Etym: [Cf. Dross, Drossel.]

Defn: A slut; a vagabond wench. Same as Drossel. [Obs.] Hudibras.

DREAD Dread, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dreaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Dreading.] Etym: [AS. dr, in comp.; akin to OS. dradan, OHG. tratan, both only in comp.]

Defn: To fear in a great degree; to regard, or look forward to, with terrific apprehension. When at length the moment dreaded through so many years came close, the dark cloud passed away from Johnson's mind. Macaulay.

DREAD Dread, v. i.

Defn: To be in dread, or great fear. Dread not, neither be afraid of them. Deut. i. 29.

DREAD Dread, n.

1. Great fear in view of impending evil; fearful apprehension of danger; anticipatory terror. The secret dread of divine displeasure. Tillotson. The dread of something after death. Shak.

2. Reverential or respectful fear; awe. The fear of you, and the dread of you, shall be upon every beast of the earth. Gen. ix. 2. His scepter shows the force of temporal power, The attribute to awe and majesty, Wherein doth sit the dread and fear of kings. Shak.

3. An object of terrified apprehension.

4. A person highly revered. [Obs.] "Una, his dear dread." Spenser.

5. Fury; dreadfulness. [Obs.] Spenser.

6. Doubt; as, out of dread. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Syn. -- Awe; fear; affright; terror; horror; dismay; apprehension. See Reverence.

DREAD Dread, a.

1. Exciting great fear or apprehension; causing terror; frightful; dreadful. A dread eternity! how surely mine. Young.

2. Inspiring with reverential fear; awful' venerable; as, dread sovereign; dread majesty; dread tribunal.

DREADABLE Dread"a*ble, a.

Defn: Worthy of being dreaded.

DREAD-BOLTED Dread"-bolt`ed, a.

Defn: Armed with dreaded bolts. "Dread-bolted thunder." [Poetic] Shak.

DREADER Dread"er, n.

Defn: One who fears, or lives in fear.

DREADFUL Dread"ful, a.

1. Full of dread or terror; fearful. [Obs.] "With dreadful heart." Chaucer.

2. Inspiring dread; impressing great fear; fearful; terrible; as, a dreadful storm. " Dreadful gloom." Milton. For all things are less dreadful than they seem. Wordsworth.

3. Inspiring awe or reverence; awful. [Obs.] "God's dreadful law." Shak.

Syn. -- Fearful; frightful; terrific; terrible; horrible; horrid; formidable; tremendous; awful; venerable. See Frightful.

DREADFULLY Dread"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dreadful manner; terribly. Dryden.

DREADFULNESS Dread"ful*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being dreadful.

DREADINGLY Dread"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With dread. Warner.

DREADLESS Dread"less, a.

1. Free from dread; fearless; intrepid; dauntless; as, dreadless heart. "The dreadless angel." Milton.

2. Exempt from danger which causes dread; secure. " safe in his dreadless den." Spenser.

DREADLESS Dread"less, adv.

Defn: Without doubt. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DREADLESSNESS Dread"less*ness, n.

Defn: Freedom from dread.

DREADLY Dread"ly, a.

Defn: Dreadful. [Obs.] "Dreadly spectacle." Spenser. -- adv.

Defn: With dread. [Obs.] "Dreadly to shake." Sylvester (Du Bartas).

DREADNAUGHT Dread"naught`, n.

1. A fearless person.

2. Hence: A garment made of very thick cloth, that can defend against storm and cold; also, the cloth itself; fearnaught.

DREADNOUGHT Dread"nought`, n.

1. A British battleship, completed in 1906 -- 1907, having an armament consisting of ten 12-inch guns, and of twenty-four 12-pound quick-fire guns for protection against torpedo boats. This was the first battleship of the type characterized by a main armament of big guns all of the same caliber. She has a displacement of 17,900 tons at load draft, and a speed of 21 knots per hour.

2. Any battleship having its main armament entirely of big guns all of one caliber. Since the Dreadnought was built, the caliber of the heaviest guns has increased from 12 in. to 13½ in., 14 in., and 15 in., and the displacement of the largest batteships from 18,000 tons to 30,000 tons and upwards. The term superdreadnought is popularly applied to battleships with such increased displacement and gun caliber.

DREAM Dream, n. Etym: [Akin to OS. dr, D. droom, G. traum, Icel. draumr, Dan. & Sw. dröm; cf. G. trügen to deceive, Skr. druh to harm, hurt, try to hurt. AS. dreám joy, gladness, and OS. dr joy are, perh., different words; cf. Gr.

1. The thoughts, or series of thoughts, or imaginary transactions, which occupy the mind during sleep; a sleeping vision. Dreams are but interludes which fancy makes. Dryden. I had a dream which was not all a dream. Byron.

2. A visionary scheme; a wild conceit; an idle fancy; a vagary; a revery; -- in this sense, applied to an imaginary or anticipated state of happiness; as, a dream of bliss; the dream of his youth. There sober thought pursued the amusing theme, Till Fancy colored it and formed a dream. Pope. It is not them a mere dream, but a very real aim which they propose. J. C. Shairp.

DREAM Dream, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dreamed or Dreamt (p. pr. & vb. n. Dreaming.] Etym: [Cf. AS. dr, dr, to rejoice. See Dream, n.]

1. To have ideas or images in the mind while in the state of sleep; to experience sleeping visions; -- often with of; as, to dream of a battle, or of an absent friend.

2. To let the mind run on in idle revery or vagary; to anticipate vaguely as a coming and happy reality; to have a visionary notion or idea; to imagine. Here may we sit and dream Over the heavenly theme. Keble. They dream on in a constant course of reading, but not digesting. Locke.

DREAM Dream, v. t.

Defn: To have a dream of; to see, or have a vision of, in sleep, or in idle fancy; -- often followed by an objective clause. Your old men shall dream dreams. Acts ii. 17. At length in sleep their bodies they compose, And dreamt the future fight. Dryden. And still they dream that they shall still succeed. Cowper. To dream away, out, through, etc., to pass in revery or inaction; to spend in idle vagaries; as, to dream away an hour; to dream through life. " Why does Antony dream out his hours" Dryden.

DREAMER Dream"er, n.

1. One who dreams.

2. A visionary; one lost in wild imaginations or vain schemes of some anticipated good; as, a political dreamer.

DREAMFUL Dream"ful, a.

Defn: Full of dreams. " Dreamful ease." Tennyson. -- Dream"ful*ly, adv.

DREAMILY Dream"i*ly, adv.

Defn: As if in a dream; softly; slowly; languidly. Longfellow.

DREAMINESS Dream"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being dreamy.

DREAMINGLY Dream"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dreamy manner.

DREAMLAND Dream"land`, n.

Defn: An unreal, delightful country such as in sometimes pictured in dreams; region of fancies; fairyland. [He] builds a bridge from dreamland for his lay. Lowell.

DREAMLESS Dream"less, a.

Defn: Free from, or without, dreams. Camden. -- Dream"less*ly, adv.

DREAMY Dream"y, a. [Compar. Dreamier; superl. Dreamiest.]

Defn: Abounding in dreams or given to dreaming; appropriate to, or like, dreams; visionary. "The dreamy dells." Tennyson.

DREAR Drear, a. Etym: [See Dreary.]

Defn: Dismal; gloomy with solitude. "A drear and dying sound." Milton.

DREAR Drear, n.

Defn: Sadness; dismalness. [Obs.] Spenser.

DREARIHEAD; DREARIHOOD Drear"i*head, Drear"i*hood, n.

Defn: Affliction; dreariness. [Obs.] Spenser.

DREARILY Drear"i*ly, adv.

Defn: Gloomily; dismally.

DREARIMENT Drear"i*ment, n.

Defn: Dreariness. [Obs.] Spenser.

DREARINESS Drear"i*ness, n.

1. Sorrow; wretchedness. [Obs.]

2. Dismalness; gloomy solitude.

DREARING Drear"ing, n.

Defn: Sorrow. [Obs.] Spenser.

DREARISOME Drear"i*some, a.

Defn: Very dreary. Halliwell.

DREARY Drear"y, a. [Compar. Drearier; superl. Dreariest.] Etym: [OE. dreori, dreri, AS. dreórig, sad; akin to G. traurig, and prob. to AS. dreósan to fall, Goth. driusan. Cf. Dross, Drear, Drizzle, Drowse.]

1. Sorrowful; distressful. [Obs.] " Dreary shrieks." Spenser.

2. Exciting cheerless sensations, feelings, or associations; comfortless; dismal; gloomy. " Dreary shades." Dryden. "The dreary ground." Prior. Full many a dreary anxious hour. Keble. Johnson entered on his vocation in the most dreary part of that dreary interval which separated two ages of prosperity. Macaulay.

DRECCHE Drec"che, v. t. Etym: [AS. dreccan, dreccean.]

1. To vex; to torment; to trouble. [Obs.] As man that in his dream is drecched sore. Chaucer.

DRECCHE Drec"che, v. i.

Defn: To delay. [Obs.] Gower.

DREDGE Dredge, n. Etym: [F. drège, dreige, fish net, from a word akin to E. draw; cf. D. dreg, dregge, small anchor, dregnet dragnet. Draw.]

1. Any instrument used to gather or take by dragging; as: (a) A dragnet for taking up oysters, etc., from their beds. (b) A dredging machine. (c) An iron frame, with a fine net attached, used in collecting animals living at the bottom of the sea.

2. (Mining)

Defn: Very fine mineral matter held in suspension in water. Raymond.

DREDGE Dredge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dredged; p. pr. & vb. n. Dredging.]

Defn: To catch or gather with a dredge; to deepen with a dredging machine. R. Carew. Dredging machine, a machine (commonly on a boat) used to scoop up mud, gravel, or obstructions from the bottom of rivers, docks, etc., so as to deepen them.

DREDGE Dredge, n. Etym: [OE. dragge, F. dragée, dredge, also, sugar plum; cf. Prov. dragea, It. treggea; corrupted fr. LL. tragemata, pl., sweetmeats, Gr.

Defn: A mixture of oats and barley. [Obs.] Kersey.

DREDGE Dredge, v. t.

Defn: To sift or sprinkle flour, etc., on, as on roasting meat. Beau. & Fl. Dredging box. (a) Same as 2d Dredger. (b) (Gun.) A copper box with a perforated lid; -- used for sprinkling meal powder over shell fuses. Farrow.

DREDGER Dredg"er, n.

1. One who fishes with a dredge.

2. A dredging machine.

DREDGER Dredg"er, n. (Cookery)

Defn: A box with holes in its lid; -- used for sprinkling flour, as on meat or a breadboard; -- called also dredging box, drudger, and drudging box.

DREE Dree, v. t. Etym: [AS. dreógan to bear, endure, complete.]

Defn: To endure; to suffer. [Scot.]

DREE Dree, v. i.

Defn: To be able to do or endure. [Obs.]

DREE Dree, a.

Defn: Wearisome; tedious. [Prov. Eng.]

DREG Dreg, n. Etym: [Prob. from Icel. dregg; akin to Sw. drägg, cf. Icel. & Sw. draga to draw. Cf. Draw.]

Defn: Corrupt or defiling matter contained in a liquid, or precipitated from it; refuse; feculence; lees; grounds; sediment; hence, the vilest and most worthless part of anything; as, the dregs of society. We, the dregs and rubbish of mankind. Dryden.

Note: Used formerly (rarely) in the singular, as by Spenser and Shakespeare, but now chiefly in the plural.

DREGGINESS Dreg"gi*ness, n.

Defn: Fullness of dregs or lees; foulness; feculence.

DREGGISH Dreg"gish, a.

Defn: Foul with lees; feculent. Harvey.

DREGGY Dreg"gy, a.

Defn: Containing dregs or lees; muddy; foul; feculent. Boyle.

DREIBUND Drei"bund`, n. [G., fr. drei three + bund league.]

Defn: A triple alliance; specif., the alliance of Germany, Austria, and Italy, formed in 1882.

DREIN Drein, v. i.

Defn: To drain. [Obs.] Congreve.

DREINTE; DREINT Drein"te, imp., Dreint (,

Defn: p. p. of Drench to drown. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DREISSENA Dreis"se*na, n. Etym: [NL. Named after Dreyssen, a Belgian physician.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of bivalve shells of which one species (D. polymorpha) is often so abundant as to be very troublesome in the fresh waters of Europe.

DRENCH Drench, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Drenched; p. pr. & vb. n. Drenching.] Etym: [AS. drencan to give to drink, to drench, the causal of drincan to drink; akin to D. drenken, Sw. dränka, G. tränken. See Drink.]

1. To cause to drink; especially, to dose by force; to put a potion down the throat of, as of a horse; hence. to purge violently by physic. As "to fell," is "to make to fall," and "to lay," to make to lie." so "to drench," is "to make to drink." Trench.

2. To steep in moisture; to wet thoroughly; to soak; to saturate with water or other liquid; to immerse. Now dam the ditches and the floods restrain; Their moisture has already drenched the plain. Dryden.

DRENCH Drench, n. Etym: [AS. drenc. See Drench, v. t.]

Defn: A drink; a draught; specifically, a potion of medicine poured or forced down the throat; also, a potion that causes purging. "A drench of wine." Dryden. Give my roan horse a drench. Shak.

DRENCH Drench, n. Etym: [AS. dreng warrior, soldier, akin to Icel. drengr.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A military vassal mentioned in Domesday Book. [Obs.] Burrill.

DRENCHE Drench"e, v. t. & i.

Defn: To drown. [Obs.] In the sea he drenched. Chaucer.

DRENCHER Drench"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, west or steeps.

2. One who administers a drench.

DRENGAGE Dren"gage, n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: The tenure by which a drench held land. [Obs.] Burrill.

DRENT Drent, p. p. Etym: [See Dreinte.]

Defn: Drenched; drowned. [Obs.] "Condemned to be drent." Spenser.

DRESDEN WARE Dres"den ware`.

Defn: A superior kind of decorated porcelain made near Dresden in Saxony.

DRESS Dress, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dressed or Drest; p. pr. & vb. n. Dressing.] Etym: [OF. drecier to make straight, raise, set up, prepare, arrange, F. dresser. (assumed) LL. directiare, fr. L. dirigere, directum, to direct; dis- + regere to rule. See Right, and cf. Address, Adroit, Direct, Dirge.]

1. To direct; to put right or straight; to regulate; to order. [Obs.] At all times thou shalt bless God and pray Him to dress thy ways. Chaucer.

Note: Dress is used reflexively in Old English, in sense of "to direct one's step; to addresss one's self." To Grisild again will I me dresse. Chaucer.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: To arrange in exact continuity of line, as soldiers; commonly to adjust to a straight line and at proper distance; to align; as, to dress the ranks.

3. (Med.)

Defn: To treat methodically with remedies, bandages, or curative appliances, as a sore, an ulcer, a wound, or a wounded or diseased part.

4. To adjust; to put in good order; to arrange; specifically: (a) To prepare for use; to fit for any use; to render suitable for an intended purpose; to get ready; as, to dress a slain animal; to dress meat; to dress leather or cloth; to dress or trim a lamp; to dress a garden; to dress a horse, by currying and rubbing; to dress grain, by cleansing it; in mining and metallurgy, to dress ores, by sorting and separating them.

And the Lord God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it. Gen. ii. 15. When he dresseth the lamps he shall burn incense. Ex. xxx. 7. Three hundred horses . . . smoothly dressed. Dryden. Dressing their hair with the white sea flower. Tennyson . If he felt obliged to expostulate, he might have dressed his censures in a kinder form. Carlyle.

(b) To cut to proper dimensions, or give proper shape to, as to a tool by hammering; also, to smooth or finish. (c) To put in proper condition by appareling, as the body; to put clothes upon; to apparel; to invest with garments or rich decorations; to clothe; to deck. Dressed myself in such humility. Shak. Prove that ever Idress myself handsome till thy return. Shak.

(d) To break and train for use, as a horse or other animal. To dress up or out, to dress elaborately, artificially, or pompously. "You see very often a king of England or France dressed up like a Julius Cæsar." Addison. -- To dress a ship (Naut.), to ornament her by hoisting the national colors at the peak and mastheads, and setting the jack forward; when dressed full, the signal flags and pennants are added. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Syn. -- To attire; apparel; clothe; accouter; array; robe; rig; trim; deck; adorn; embellish.

DRESS Dress, v. i.

1. (Mil.)

Defn: To arrange one's self in due position in a line of soldiers; -- the word of command to form alignment in ranks; as, Right, dress!

2. To clothe or apparel one's self; to put on one's garments; to pay particular regard to dress; as, to dress quickly. "To dress for a ball." Latham. To flaunt, to dress, to dance, to thrum. Tennyson . To dress to the right, To dress to the left, To dress on the center (Mil.), to form alignment with reference to the soldier on the extreme right, or in the center, of the rank, who serves as a guide.

DRESS Dress, n.

1. That which is used as the covering or ornament of the body; clothes; garments; habit; apparel. "In your soldier's dress." Shak.

2. A lady's gown; as, silk or a velvet dress.

3. Attention to apparel, or skill in adjusting it. Men of pleasure, dress, and gallantry. Pope.

4. (Milling)

Defn: The system of furrows on the face of a millstone. Knight. Dress circle. See under Circle. -- Dress parade (Mil.), a parade in full uniform for review.

DRESS CIRCLE Dress circle.

Defn: A gallery or circle in a theater, generally the first above the floor, in which originally dress clothes were customarily worn.

DRESS COAT Dress" coat`.

Defn: A coat with skirts behind only, as distinct from the frock coat, of which the skirts surround the body. It is worn on occasions of ceremony. The dress coat of officers of the United States army is a full-skirted frock coat.

DRESSER Dress"er, n.

1. One who dresses; one who put in order or makes ready for use; one who on clothes or ornaments.

2. (Mining)

Defn: A kind of pick for shaping large coal.

3. An assistant in a hospital, whose office it is to dress wounds, sores, etc.

4. Etym: [F. dressoir. See Dress, v. t.] (a) A table or bench on which meat and other things are dressed, or prepared for use. (b) A cupboard or set of shelves to receive dishes and cooking utensils. The pewter plates on the dresser Caught and reflected the flame, as shields of armies the sunshine. Longfellow.

DRESS GOODS Dress" goods".

Defn: A term applied to fabrics for the gowns of women and girls; -- most commonly to fabrics of mixed materials, but also applicable to silks, printed linens, and calicoes.

DRESSINESS Dress"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being dressy.

DRESSING Dress"ing, n.

1. Dress; raiment; especially, ornamental habiliment or attire. B. Jonson.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: An application (a remedy, bandage, etc.) to a sore or wound. Wiseman.

3. Manure or compost over land. When it remains on the surface, it is called a top-dressing.

4. (Cookery) (a) A preparation to fit food for use; a condiment; as, a dressing for salad. (b) The stuffing of fowls, pigs, etc.; forcemeat.

5. Gum, starch, and the like, used in stiffening or finishing silk, linen, and other fabrics.

6. An ornamental finish, as a molding around doors, windows, or on a ceiling, etc.

7. Castigation; scolding; -- often with down. [Colloq.] Dressing case, a case of toilet utensils. -- Dressing forceps, a variety of forceps, shaped like a pair of scissors, used in dressing wounds. -- Dressing gown, a light gown, such as is used by a person while dressing; a study gown. -- Dressing room, an apartment appropriated for making one's toilet. -- Dressing table, a table at which a person may dress, and on which articles for the toilet stand. -- Top-dressing, manure or compost spread over land and not worked into the soil.

DRESSMAKER Dress"mak`er, n.

Defn: A maker of gowns, or similar garments; a mantuamaker.

DRESSMAKING Dress"mak`ing, n.

Defn: The art, process, or occupation, of making dresses.

DRESSY Dress"y, a.

Defn: Showy in dress; attentive to dress. A dressy flaunting maidservant. T. Hook. A neat, dressy gentleman in black. W. Irving.

DREST Drest, p. p.

Defn: of Dress.

DRETCH Dretch, v. t. & i.

Defn: See Drecche. [Obs.]

DREUL Dreul, v. i.

Defn: To drool. [Obs.]

DREVIL Drev"il, n.

Defn: A fool; a drudge. See Drivel.

DREW Drew, imp.

Defn: of Draw.

DREY Drey, n.

Defn: A squirrel's nest. See Dray. [Obs.]

DREYE Dreye, a.

Defn: Dry. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DREYNTE; DREYNT Dreyn"te, imp., Dreynt (,

Defn: p. p., of Drench to drown. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DRIB Drib, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dribbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Dribbing.] Etym: [Cf. Drip.]

Defn: To do by little and little; as: (a) To cut off by a little at a time; to crop. (b) To appropriate unlawfully; to filch; to defalcate. He who drives their bargain dribs a part. Dryden.

(c) To lead along step by step; to entice. With daily lies she dribs thee into cost. Dryden.

DRIB Drib, v. t. & i. (Archery)

Defn: To shoot (a shaft) so as to pierce on the descent. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

DRIB Drib, n.

Defn: A drop. [Obs.] Swift.

DRIBBER Drib"ber, n.

Defn: One who dribs; one who shoots weakly or badly. [Obs.] Ascham.

DRIBBLE Drib"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dribbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Dribbing.] Etym: [Freq. of drib, which is a variant of drip.]

1. To fall in drops or small drops, or in a quick succession of drops; as, water dribbles from the eaves.

2. To slaver, as a child or an idiot; to drivel.

3. To fall weakly and slowly. [Obs.] "The dribbling dart of love." Shak. (Meas. for Meas. , i. 3, 2). [Perhaps an error for dribbing.]

DRIBBLE Drib"ble, v. t.

Defn: To let fall in drops. Let the cook . . . dribble it all the way upstairs. Swift.

DRIBBLE Drib"ble, n.

Defn: A drizzling shower; a falling or leaking in drops. [Colloq.]

DRIBBLER Drib"bler, n.

Defn: One who dribbles.

DRIBBLET; DRIBLET Drib"blet, Drib"let, n. Etym: [From Dribble.]

Defn: A small piece or part; a small sum; a small quantity of money in making up a sum; as, the money was paid in dribblets. When made up in dribblets, as they could, their best securities were at an interest of twelve per cent. Burke.

DRIE Drie, v. t. Etym: [See Dree.]

Defn: To endure. [Obs.] So causeless such drede for to drie. Chaucer.

DRIED Dried, imp. & p. p.

Defn: of Day. Also adj.; as, dried apples.

DRIER Dri"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, dries; that which may expel or absorb moisture; a desiccative; as, the sun and a northwesterly wind are great driers of the earth.

2. (Paint.)

Defn: Drying oil; a substance mingled with the oil used in oil painting to make it dry quickly.

DRIER; DRIEST Dri"er, compar., Dri"est, superl.,

Defn: of Dry, a.

DRIFT Drift, n. Etym: [From drive; akin to LG. & D. drift a driving, Icel. drift snowdrift, Dan. drift, impulse, drove, herd, pasture, common, G. trift pasturage, drove. See Drive.]

1. A driving; a violent movement. The dragon drew him [self] away with drift of his wings. King Alisaunder (1332).

2. The act or motion of drifting; the force which impels or drives; an overpowering influence or impulse. A bad man, being under the drift of any passion, will follow the impulse of it till something interpose. South.

3. Course or direction along which anything is driven; setting. "Our drift was south." Hakluyt.

4. The tendency of an act, argument, course of conduct, or the like; object aimed at or intended; intention; hence, also, import or meaning of a sentence or discourse; aim. He has made the drift of the whole poem a compliment on his country in general. Addison. Now thou knowest my drift. Sir W. Scott.

5. That which is driven, forced, or urged along; as: (a) Anything driven at random. "Some log . . . a useless drift." Dryden. (b) A mass of matter which has been driven or forced onward together in a body, or thrown together in a heap, etc., esp. by wind or water; as, a drift of snow, of ice, of sand, and the like. Drifts of rising dust involve the sky. Pope. We got the brig a good bed in the rushing drift [of ice]. Kane.

(c) A drove or flock, as of cattle, sheep, birds. [Obs.] Cattle coming over the bridge (with their great drift doing much damage to the high ways). Fuller.

6. (Arch.)

Defn: The horizontal thrust or pressure of an arch or vault upon the abutments. [R.] Knight.

7. (Geol.)

Defn: A collection of loose earth and rocks, or boulders, which have been distributed over large portions of the earth's surface, especially in latitudes north of forty degrees, by the agency of ice.

8. In South Africa, a ford in a river.

9. (Mech.)

Defn: A slightly tapered tool of steel for enlarging or shaping a hole in metal, by being forced or driven into or through it; a broach.

10. (Mil.) (a) A tool used in driving down compactly the composition contained in a rocket, or like firework. (b) A deviation from the line of fire, peculiar to oblong projectiles.

11. (Mining)

Defn: A passage driven or cut between shaft and shaft; a driftway; a small subterranean gallery; an adit or tunnel.

12. (Naut.) (a) The distance through which a current flows in a given time. (b) The angle which the line of a ship's motion makes with the meridian, in drifting. (c) The distance to which a vessel is carried off from her desired course by the wind, currents, or other causes. (d) The place in a deep-waisted vessel where the sheer is raised and the rail is cut off, and usually terminated with a scroll, or driftpiece. (e) The distance between the two blocks of a tackle.

13. The difference between the size of a bolt and the hole into which it is driven, or between the circumference of a hoop and that of the mast on which it is to be driven.

Note: Drift is used also either adjectively or as the first part of a compound. See Drift, a. Drift of the forest (O. Eng. Law), an examination or view of the cattle in a forest, in order to see whose they are, whether they are commonable, and to determine whether or not the forest is surcharged. Burrill.

DRIFT Drift, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drifted; p. pr. & vb. n. Drifting.]

1. To float or be driven along by, or as by, a current of water or air; as, the ship drifted astern; a raft drifted ashore; the balloon drifts slowly east. We drifted o'er the harbor bar. Coleridge.

2. To accumulate in heaps by the force of wind; to be driven into heaps; as, snow or sand drifts.

3. (mining)

Defn: to make a drift; to examine a vein or ledge for the purpose of ascertaining the presence of metals or ores; to follow a vein; to prospect. [U.S.]

DRIFT Drift, v. t.

1. To drive or carry, as currents do a floating body. J. H. Newman.

2. To drive into heaps; as, a current of wind drifts snow or sand.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: To enlarge or shape, as a hole, with a drift.

DRIFT Drift, a.

Defn: That causes drifting or that is drifted; movable by wind or currents; as, drift currents; drift ice; drift mud. Kane. Drift anchor. See Sea anchor, and also Drag sail, under Drag, n. -- Drift epoch (Geol.), the glacial epoch. -- Drift net, a kind of fishing net. -- Drift sail. Same as Drag sail. See under Drag, n.

DRIFTAGE Drift"age, n.

1. Deviation from a ship's course due to leeway.

2. Anything that drifts.

DRIFTBOLT Drift"bolt`, n.

Defn: A bolt for driving out other bolts.

DRIFTLESS Drift"less, a.

Defn: Having no drift or direction; without aim; purposeless.

DRIFTPIECE Drift"piece", n. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: An upright or curved piece of timber connecting the plank sheer with the gunwale; also, a scroll terminating a rail.

DRIFTPIN Drift"pin`, n. (Mech.)

Defn: A smooth drift. See Drift, n., 9.

DRIFTWAY Drift"way`, n.

1. A common way, road, or path, for driving cattle. Cowell. Burrill.

2. (Mining)

Defn: Same as Drift, 11.

DRIFTWEED Drift"weed`, n.

Defn: Seaweed drifted to the shore by the wind. Darwin.

DRIFTWIND Drift"wind`, n.

Defn: A driving wind; a wind that drives snow, sand, etc., into heaps. Beau. & Fl.

DRIFTWOOD Drift"wood`, n.

1. Wood drifted or floated by water.

2. Fig.: Whatever is drifting or floating as on water. The current of humanity, with its heavy proportion of very useless driftwood. New Your Times.

DRIFTY Drift"y, a.

Defn: Full of drifts; tending to form drifts, as snow, and the like.

DRILL Drill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Drilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Drilling.] Etym: [D. drillen to bore, drill (soldiers); probably akin to AS. pyrlian, pyrelian, to pierce. See Thrill.]

1. To pierce or bore with a drill, or a with a drill; to perforate; as, to drill a hole into a rock; to drill a piece of metal.

2. To train in the military art; to exercise diligently, as soldiers, in military evolutions and exercises; hence, to instruct thoroughly in the rudiments of any art or branch of knowledge; to discipline. He [Frederic the Great] drilled his people, as he drilled his grenadiers. Macaulay.

DRILL Drill, v. i.

Defn: To practice an exercise or exercises; to train one's self.

DRILL Drill, n.

1. An instrument with an edged or pointed end used for making holes in hard substances; strictly, a tool that cuts with its end, by revolving, as in drilling metals, or by a succession of blows, as in drilling stone; also, a drill press.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: The act or exercise of training soldiers in the military art, as in the manual of arms, in the execution of evolutions, and the like; hence, diligent and strict instruction and exercise in the rudiments and methods of any business; a kind or method of military exercises; as, infantry drill; battalion drill; artillery drill.

3. Any exercise, physical or mental, enforced with regularity and by constant repetition; as, a severe drill in Latin grammar.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine gastropod, of several species, which kills oysters and other bivalves by drilling holes through the shell. The most destructive kind is Urosalpinx cinerea. Bow drill, Breast drill. See under Bow, Breast. -- Cotter drill, or Traverse drill, a machine tool for drilling slots. -- Diamond drill. See under Diamond. -- Drill jig. See under Jig. -- Drill pin, the pin in a lock which enters the hollow stem of the key. -- Drill sergeant (Mil.), a noncommissioned officer whose office it is to instruct soldiers as to their duties, and to train them to military exercises and evolutions. -- Vertical drill, a drill press.

DRILL Drill, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Trill to trickle, Trickle, Dribble, and W. rhillio to put in a row, drill.]

1. To cause to flow in drills or rills or by trickling; to drain by trickling; as, waters drilled through a sandy stratum. [R.] Thomson.

2. To sow, as seeds, by dribbling them along a furrow or in a row, like a trickling rill of water.

3. To entice; to allure from step; to decoy; -- with on. [Obs.] See drilled him on to five-fifty. Addison.

4. To cause to slip or waste away by degrees. [Obs.] This accident hath drilled away the whole summer. Swift.

DRILL Drill, v. i.

1. To trickle. [Obs. or R.] Sandys.

2. To sow in drills.

DRILL Drill, n.

1. A small trickling stream; a rill. [Obs.] Springs through the pleasant meadows pour their drills. Sandys.

2. (Agr.) (a) An implement for making holes for sowing seed, and sometimes so formed as to contain seeds and drop them into the hole made. (b) A light furrow or channel made to put seed into sowing. (c) A row of seed sown in a furrow.

Note: Drill is used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound; as, drill barrow or drill-barrow; drill husbandry; drill plow or drill-plow. Drill barrow, a wheeled implement for planting seed in drills. -- Drill bow, a small bow used for the purpose of rapidly turning a drill around which the bowstring takes a turn. -- Drill harrow, a harrow used for stirring the ground between rows, or drills. -- Drill plow, or Drill plough, a sort plow for sowing grain in drills.

DRILL Drill, n. Etym: [Cf. Mandrill.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large African baboon (Cynocephalus leucophæus).

DRILL Drill, n. Etym: [Usually in pl.] (Manuf.)

Defn: Same as Drilling. Imperial drill, a linen fabric having two threads in the warp and three in the filling.

DRILLER Drill"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, drills.

DRILLING Drill"ing, n.

1. The act of piercing with a drill.

2. A training by repeated exercises.

DRILLING Drill"ing, n.

Defn: The act of using a drill in sowing seeds.

DRILLING Drill"ing, n. Etym: [G. drillich, fr. L. trilix having three threads, fr. the of tres three + licium a thread of the warm. See Three, and cf. Twill.] (Manuf.)

Defn: A heavy, twilled fabric of linen or cotton.

DRILLMASTER Drill"mas`ter, n.

Defn: One who teaches drill, especially in the way of gymnastics. Macaulay.

DRILL PRESS Drill" press` .

Defn: A machine for drilling holes in metal, the drill being pressed to the metal by the action of a screw.

DRILLSTOCK Drill"stock`, n. (Mech.)

Defn: A contrivance for holding and turning a drill. Knight.

DRILY Dri"ly, adv.

Defn: See Dryly. Thackeray.

DRIMYS Dri"mys, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of magnoliaceous trees. Drimys aromatica furnishes Winter's bark.

DRINK Drink, v. i. [imp. Drank, formerly Drunk (; & p. p. Drunk, Drunken (; p. pr. & vb. n. Drinking. Drunken is now rarely used, except as a verbal adj. in sense of habitually intoxicated; the form drank, not infrequently used as a p. p., is not so analogical.] Etym: [AS. drincan; akin to OS. drinkan, D. drinken, G. trinken, Icel. drekka, Sw. dricka, Dan. drikke, Goth. drigkan. Cf. Drench, Drunken, Drown.]

1. To swallow anything liquid, for quenching thirst or other purpose; to imbibe; to receive or partake of, as if in satisfaction of thirst; as, to drink from a spring. Gird thyself, and serve me, till have eaten and drunken; and afterward thou shalt eat and drink. Luke xvii. 8. He shall drink of the wrath the Almighty. Job xxi. 20. Drink of the cup that can not cloy. Keble.

2. To quaff exhilarating or intoxicating liquors, in merriment or feasting; to carouse; to revel; hence, to lake alcoholic liquors to excess; to be intemperate in the Pope. And they drank, and were merry with him. Gem. xliii. 34. Bolingbroke always spoke freely when he had drunk freely. Thackeray. To drink to, to salute in drinking; to wish well to, in the act of taking the cup; to pledge in drinking. I drink to the general joy of the whole table, And to our dear friend Banquo. Shak.

DRINK Drink, v. t.

1. To swallow (a liquid); to receive, as a fluid, into the stomach; to imbibe; as, to drink milk or water. There lies she with the blessed gods in bliss, There drinks the nectar with ambrosia mixed. Spenser. The bowl of punch which was brewed and drunk in Mrs. Betty's room. Thackeray.

2. To take in (a liquid), in any manner; to suck up; to absorb; to imbibe. And let the purple violets drink the stream. Dryden.

3. To take in; to receive within one, through the senses; to inhale; to hear; to see. To drink the cooler air, Tennyson. My ears have not yet drunk a hundred words Of that tongue's utterance. Shak. Let me . . . drink delicious poison from thy eye. Pope.

4. To smoke, as tobacco. [Obs.] And some men now live ninety years and past, Who never drank to tobacco first nor last. Taylor (1630. ) To drink down, to act on by drinking; to reduce or subdue; as, to drink down unkindness. Shak. -- To drink in, to take into one's self by drinking, or as by drinking; to receive and appropriate as in satisfaction of thirst. "Song was the form of literature which he [Burns] had drunk in from his cradle." J. C. Shairp. -- To drink off or up, to drink the whole at a draught; as, to drink off a cup of cordial. -- To drink the health of, or To drink to the health of, to drink while expressing good wishes for the health or welfare of.

DRINK Drink, n.

1. Liquid to be swallowed; any fluid to be taken into the stomach for quenching thirst or for other purposes, as water, coffee, or decoctions. Give me some drink, Titinius. Shak.

2. Specifically, intoxicating liquor; as, when drink is on, wit is out. Drink money, or Drink penny, an allowance, or perquisite, given to buy drink; a gratuity. -- Drink offering (Script.), an offering of wine, etc., in the Jewish religious service. -- In drink, drunk. "The poor monster's in drink." Shak. -- Strong drink, intoxicating liquor; esp., liquor containing a large proportion of alcohol. " Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging." Prov. xx. 1.

DRINKABLE Drink"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being drunk; suitable for drink; potable. Macaulay. Also used substantively, esp. in the plural. Steele.

DRINKABLENESS Drink"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: State of being drinkable.

DRINKER Drink"er, n.

Defn: One who drinks; as, the effects of tea on the drinker; also, one who drinks spirituous liquors to excess; a drunkard. Drinker moth (Zoöl.), a large British moth (Odonestis potatoria).

DRINKING Drink"ing, n.

1. The act of one who drinks; the act of imbibing.

2. The practice of partaking to excess of intoxicating liquors.

3. An entertainment with liquors; a carousal.

Note: Drinking is used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound; as, a drinking song, drinking cup, drinking glass, drinking house, etc. Drinking horn, a drinking vessel made of a horn.

DRINKLESS Drink"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of drink. Chaucer.

DRIP Drip, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dripped or Dript; p. pr. & vb. n. Dripping.] Etym: [Akin to LG. drippen, Dan. dryppe, from a noun. See Drop.]

1. To fall in drops; as, water drips from the eaves.

2. To let fall drops of moisture or liquid; as, a wet garment drips. The dark round of the dripping wheel. Tennyson.

DRIP Drip, v. t.

Defn: To let fall in drops. Which from the thatch drips fast a shower of rain. Swift.

DRIP Drip, n.

1. A falling or letting fall in drops; a dripping; that which drips, or falls in drops. The light drip of the suspended oar. Byron.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: That part of a cornice, sill course, or other horizontal member, which projects beyond the rest, and is of such section as to throw off the rain water. Right of drip (Law), an easement or servitude by which a man has the right to have the water flowing from his house fall on the land of his neighbor.

DRIPPING Drip"ping, n.

1. A falling in drops, or the sound so made.

2. That which falls in drops, as fat from meat in roasting. Dripping pan, a pan for receiving the fat which drips from meat in roasting.

DRIPPLE Drip"ple, a. Etym: [From Drip, cf. Dribble.]

Defn: Weak or rare. [Obs.]

DRIPSTONE Drip"stone`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A drip, when made of stone. See Drip, 2.

DRIVE Drive, v. t. [imp. Drove, formerly Drave (p. p. Driven; p. pr. & vb. n. Driving.] Etym: [AS. drifan; akin to OS. driban, D. drijven, OHG. triban, G. treiben, Icel. drifa, Goth. dreiban. Cf. Drift, Drove.]

1. To impel or urge onward by force in a direction away from one, or along before one; to push forward; to compel to move on; to communicate motion to; as, to drive cattle; to drive a nail; smoke drives persons from a room. A storm came on and drove them into Pylos. Jowett (Thucyd. ). Shield pressed on shield, and man drove man along. Pope. Go drive the deer and drag the finny prey. Pope.

2. To urge on and direct the motions of, as the beasts which draw a vehicle, or the vehicle borne by them; hence, also, to take in a carriage; to convey in a vehicle drawn by beasts; as, to drive a pair of horses or a stage; to drive a person to his own door. How . . . proud he was to drive such a brother! Thackeray.

3. To urge, impel, or hurry forward; to force; to constrain; to urge, press, or bring to a point or state; as, to drive person by necessity, by persuasion, by force of circumstances, by argument, and the like. " Enough to drive one mad." Tennyson. He, driven to dismount, threatened, if I did not do the like, to do as much for my horse as fortune had done for his. Sir P. Sidney.

4. To carry or; to keep in motion; to conduct; to prosecute. [Now used only colloquially.] Bacon. The trade of life can not be driven without partners. Collier.

5. To clear, by forcing away what is contained. To drive the country, force the swains away. Dryden.

6. (Mining)

Defn: To dig Horizontally; to cut a horizontal gallery or tunnel. Tomlinson.

7. To pass away; -- said of time. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Note: Drive, in all its senses, implies forcible or violent action. It is the reverse of to lead. To drive a body is to move it by applying a force behind; to lead is to cause to move by applying the force before, or in front. It takes a variety of meanings, according to the objects by which it is followed; as, to drive an engine, to direct and regulate its motions; to drive logs, to keep them in the current of a river and direct them in their course; to drive feathers or down, to place them in a machine, which, by a current of air, drives off the lightest to one end, and collects them by themselves. "My thrice-driven bed of down." Shak.

DRIVE Drive, v. i.

1. To rush and press with violence; to move furiously. Fierce Boreas drove against his flying sails. Dryden. Under cover of the night and a driving tempest. Prescott. Time driveth onward fast, And in a little while our lips are dumb. Tennyson.

2. To be forced along; to be impelled; to be moved by any physical force or agent; to be driven. The hull drives on, though mast and sail be torn. Byron. The chaise drives to Mr. Draper's chambers. Thackeray.

3. To go by carriage; to pass in a carriage; to proceed by directing or urging on a vehicle or the animals that draw it; as, the coachman drove to my door.

4. To press forward; to aim, or tend, to a point; to make an effort; to strive; -- usually with at. Let them therefore declare what carnal or secular interest he drove at. South.

5. To distrain for rent. [Obs.] To let drive, to aim a blow; to strike with force; to attack. "Four rogues in buckram let drive at me." Shak.

DRIVE Drive, p. p.

Defn: Driven. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DRIVE Drive, n.

1. The act of driving; a trip or an excursion in a carriage, as for exercise or pleasure; -- distinguished from a ride taken on horseback.

2. A place suitable or agreeable for driving; a road prepared for driving.

3. Violent or rapid motion; a rushing onward or away; esp., a forced or hurried dispatch of business. The Murdstonian drive in business. M. Arnold.

4. In type founding and forging, an impression or matrix, formed by a punch drift.

5. A collection of objects that are driven; a mass of logs to be floated down a river. [Colloq.]

Syn. -- See Ride.

DRIVEBOLT Drive"bolt`, n.

Defn: A drift; a tool for setting bolts home.

DRIVEL Driv"el, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Driveled or Drivelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Driveling or Drivelling.] Etym: [Cf. OE. dravelen, drabelen, drevelen, drivelen, to slaver, and E. drabble. Cf. Drool.]

1. To slaver; to let spittle drop or flow from the mouth, like a child, idiot, or dotard.

2. Etym: [Perh. a different word: cf. Icel. drafa to talk thick.]

Defn: To be weak or foolish; to dote; as, a driveling hero; driveling love. Shak. Dryden.

DRIVEL Driv"el, n.

1. Slaver; saliva flowing from the mouth.

2. Inarticulate or unmeaning utterance; foolish talk; babble.

3. A driveler; a fool; an idiot. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

4. A servant; a drudge. [Obs.] Huloet.

DRIVELER Driv"el*er, n.

Defn: A slaverer; a slabberer; an idiot; a fool. [Written also driveller.]

DRIVEN Driv"en, p. p.

Defn: of Drive. Also adj. Driven well, a well made by driving a tube into the earth to an aqueous stratum; -- called also drive well.

DRIVEPIPE Drive"pipe`, n.

Defn: A pipe for forcing into the earth.

DRIVER Driv"er, n. Etym: [From Drive.]

1. One who, or that which, drives; the person or thing that urges or compels anything else to move onward.

2. The person who drives beasts or a carriage; a coachman; a charioteer, etc.; hence, also, one who controls the movements of a locomotive.

3. An overseer of a gang of slaves or gang of convicts at their work.

4. (Mach.)

Defn: A part that transmits motion to another part by contact with it, or through an intermediate relatively movable part, as a gear which drives another, or a lever which moves another through a link, etc. Specifically: (a) The driving wheel of a locomotive. (b) An attachment to a lathe, spindle, or face plate to turn a carrier. (c) A crossbar on a grinding mill spindle to drive the upper stone.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: The after sail in a ship or bark, being a fore-and-aft sail attached to a gaff; a spanker. Totten. Driver ant (Zoöl.), a species of African stinging ant; one of the visiting ants (Anomma arcens); -- so called because they move about in vast armies, and drive away or devour all insects and other small animals.

DRIVEWAY Drive"way` (, n.

Defn: A passage or way along or through which a carriage may be driven.

DRIVING Driv"ing, a.

1. Having great force of impulse; as, a driving wind or storm.

2. Communicating force; impelling; as, a driving shaft. Driving axle, the axle of a driving wheel, as in a locomotive. -- Driving box (Locomotive), the journal box of a driving axle. See Illust. of Locomotive. -- Driving note (Mus.), a syncopated note; a tone begun on a weak part of a measure and held through the next accented part, thus anticipating the accent and driving it through. -- Driving spring, a spring fixed upon the box of the driving axle of a locomotive engine to support the weight and deaden shocks. [Eng.] Weale. -- Driving wheel (Mach.), a wheel that communicates motion; one of the large wheels of a locomotive to which the connecting rods of the engine are attached; -- called also, simply, driver. See Illust. of Locomotive.

DRIVING Driv"ing, n.

1. The act of forcing or urging something along; the act of pressing or moving on furiously.

2. Tendency; drift. [R.]

DRIZZLE Driz"zle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drizzled; p. pr. & vb. n. Drizzling.] Etym: [Prop. freq. of AS. dreósan to fall. See Dreary.]

Defn: To rain slightly in very small drops; to fall, as water from the clouds, slowly and in fine particles; as, it drizzles; drizzling drops or rain. "Drizzling tears." Spenser.

DRIZZLE Driz"zle, v. t.

Defn: To shed slowly in minute drops or particles. "The air doth drizzle dew." Shak.

DRIZZLE Driz"zle, n.

Defn: Fine rain or mist. Halliwell.

DRIZZLY Driz"zly, a.

Defn: Characterized by small rain, or snow; moist and disagreeable. "Winter's drizzly reign." Dryden.

DROCK Drock, n.

Defn: A water course. [Prov. Eng.]

DROFLAND; DRYFLAND Drof"land, Dryf"land, n. Etym: [See Drove.] (Law)

Defn: An ancient yearly payment made by some tenants to the king, or to their landlords, for the privilege of driving their cattle through a manor to fairs or markets. Cowell.

DROGHER Dro"gher, n. Etym: [Cf. Drag.]

Defn: A small craft used in the West India Islands to take off sugars, rum, etc., to the merchantmen; also, a vessel for transporting lumber, cotton, etc., coastwise; as, a lumber drogher. [Written also droger.] Ham. Nar. Encyc.

DROGMAN; DROGOMAN Drog"man, Drog"o*man, n.

Defn: See Dragoman.

DROGUE Drogue, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Drag, n.,

6, and Drag sail, under Drag, n.

DROH Droh, imp.

Defn: of Draw. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DROIL Droil, v. i. Etym: [D. druilen to mope.]

Defn: To work sluggishly or slowly; to plod. [Obs.]

DROIL Droil, n. Etym: [D. druil sluggard. Cf. Droll.]

1. A drudge. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. Mean labor; toil.[Obs.]

DROIT Droit, n. Etym: [F. See Direct.]

Defn: A right; law in its aspect of the foundation of rights; also, in old law, the writ of right. Abbott. Droit d'aubaine. See under Aubaine. -- Droits of the Admiralty (Eng. Law), rights or perquisites of the Admiralty, arising from seizure of an enemy's ships in port on the breaking out of war, or those coming into port in ignorance of hostilities existing, or from such ships as are taken by noncommissioned captors; also, the proceeds of wrecks, and derelict property at sea. The droits of admiralty are now paid into the Exchequer for the public benefit.

DROITURAL Droi"tu*ral, a. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: relating to the mere right of property, as distinguished from the right of possession; as, droitural actions. [Obs.] Burrill.

DROITZSCHKA Droitzsch"ka, n.

Defn: See Drosky.

DROLL Droll, a. [Compar. Droller; superl. Drollest.] Etym: [F. drôle; cf. G. & D. drollig, LG. drullig, D. drol a thick and short person, a droll, Sw. troll a magical appearance, demon, trolla to use magic arts, enchant, Dan. trold elf, imp, Icel. tröll giant, magician, evil spirit, monster. If this is the origin, cf. Trull.]

Defn: Queer, and fitted to provoke laughter; ludicrous from oddity; amusing and strange.

Syn. -- Comic; comical; farcical; diverting; humorous; ridiculous; queer; odd; waggish; facetious; merry; laughable; ludicrous. -- Droll, Laughable, Comical. Laughable is the generic term, denoting anything exciting laughter or worthy of laughter; comical denotes something of the kind exhibited in comedies, something humorous of the kind exhibited in comedies, something, as it were, dramatically humorous; droll stands lower on the scale, having reference to persons or things which excite laughter by their buffoonery or oddity. A laughable incident; a comical adventure; a droll story.

DROLL Droll, n.

1. One whose practice it is to raise mirth by odd tricks; a jester; a buffoon; a merry-andrew. Prior.

2. Something exhibited to raise mirth or sport, as a puppet, a farce, and the like.

DROLL Droll, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drolled; p. pr. & vb. n. Drolling.]

Defn: To jest; to play the buffoon. [R.]

DROLL Droll, v. t.

1. To lead or influence by jest or trick; to banter or jest; to cajole. Men that will not be reasoned into their senses, may yet be laughed or drolled into them. L'Estrange.

2. To make a jest of; to set in a comical light. [R.] This drolling everything is rather fatiguing. W. D. Howells.

DROLLER Droll"er, n.

Defn: A jester; a droll. [Obs.] Glanvill.

DROLLERY Droll"er*y, n.; pl. Drolleries. Etym: [F. drôlerie. See Droll.]

1. The quality of being droll; sportive tricks; buffoonery; droll stories; comical gestures or manners. The rich drollery of "She Stoops to Conquer." Macaulay.

2. Something which serves to raise mirth; as: (a) A puppet show; also, a puppet. [Obs.] Shak. (b) A lively or comic picture. [Obs.] I bought an excellent drollery, which I afterward parted with to my brother George of Wotton. Evelyn.

DROLLINGLY Droll"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a jesting manner.

DROLLISH Droll"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat droll. Sterne.

DROLLIST Droll"ist, n.

Defn: A droll. [R.] Glanvill.

DROMAEOGNATHOUS Dro`mæ*og"na*thous, a. Etym: [NL. dromaius emu + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the structure of the palate like that of the ostrich and emu.

DROMATHERIUM Drom`a*the"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Dromedary.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A small extinct triassic mammal from North Carolina, the earliest yet found in America.

DROME Drome, n. Etym: [F., fr. Gr. Dromedary.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The crab plover (Dromas ardeola), a peculiar North African bird, allied to the oyster catcher.

DROMEDARY Drom"e*da*ry, n.; pl. Dromedaries. Etym: [F. dromadaire, LL. dromedarius, fr. L. dromas (sc. camelus), fr. Gr. dram to run.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius), having one hump or protuberance on the back, in distinction from the Bactrian camel, which has two humps.

Note: In Arabia and Egypt the name is restricted to the better breeds of this species of camel. See Deloul.

DROMOND; DROMON Drom"ond, or Drom"on. Etym: [OF. dromont, L. dromo, fr. Gr.Dromedary.]

Defn: In the Middle Ages, a large, fast-sailing galley, or cutter; a large, swift war vessel. [Hist. or Archaic] Fuller. The great dromond swinging from the quay. W. Morris.

DRONE Drone, n. Etym: [OE. drane a dronebee, AS. dran; akin to OS. dran, OHG. treno, G. drohne, Dan. drone, cf. Gr. Drone, v. i.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The male of bees, esp. of the honeybee. It gathers no honey. See Honeybee. All with united force combine to drive The lazy drones from the laborious hive. Dryden.

2. One who lives on the labors of others; a lazy, idle fellow; a sluggard. By living as a drone,to be an unprofitable and unworthy member of so noble and learned a society. Burton.

3. That which gives out a grave or monotonous tone or dull sound; as: (a) A drum. [Obs.] Halliwell. (b) The part of the bagpipe containing the two lowest tubes, which always sound the key note and the fifth.

4. A humming or deep murmuring sound. The monotonous drone of the wheel. Longfellow.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: A monotonous bass, as in a pastoral composition.

DRONE Drone, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Droned; p. pr. & vb. n. Droning.] Etym: [Cf. (for sense 1) D. dreunen, G. dröhnen, Icel. drynja to roar, drynr a roaring, Sw. dröna to bellow, drone, Dan. dröne, Goth. drunjus sound, Gr. dhran to sound. Cf. Drone, n.]

1. To utter or make a low, dull, monotonous, humming or murmuring sound. Where the beetle wheels his droning flight. T. Gray.

2. To love in idleness; to do nothing. "Race of droning kings." Dryden.

DRONE BEE Drone" bee`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The male of the honeybee; a drone.

DRONE FLY Drone" fly`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A dipterous insect (Eristalis tenax), resembling the drone bee. See Eristalis.

DRONEPIPE Drone"pipe`, n.

Defn: One of the low-toned tubes of a bagpipe.

DRONGO Dron"go, n.; pl. Drongos (. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A passerine bird of the family Dicruridæ. They are usually black with a deeply forked tail. They are natives of Asia, Africa, and Australia; -- called also drongo shrikes.

DRONISH Dron"ish, a.

Defn: Like a drone; indolent; slow. Burke. -- Dron"ish*ly, adv. -- Dron"ish*ness, n.

DRONKELEWE Dron"ke*lewe, a. Etym: [See Drink.]

Defn: Given to drink; drunken. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DRONTE Dron"te, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The dodo.

DRONY Dron"y, a.

Defn: Like a drone; sluggish; lazy.

DROOL Drool, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drooled; p. pr. & vb. n. Drooling.] Etym: [Contr. fr. drivel.]

Defn: To drivel, or drop saliva; as, the child drools. His mouth drooling with texts. T. Parker.

DROOP Droop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drooped; p. pr. & vb. n. Drooping.] Etym: [Icel. dr; akin to E. drop. See Drop.]

1. To hang bending downward; to sink or hang down, as an animal, plant, etc., from physical inability or exhaustion, want of nourishment, or the like. "The purple flowers droop." "Above her drooped a lamp." Tennyson. I saw him ten days before he died, and observed he began very much to droop and languish. Swift.

2. To grow weak or faint with disappointment, grief, or like causes; to be dispirited or depressed; to languish; as, her spirits drooped. I'll animate the soldier's drooping courage. Addison.

3. To proceed downward, or toward a close; to decline. "Then day drooped." Tennyson.

DROOP Droop, v. t.

Defn: To let droop or sink. [R.] M. Arnold. Like to a withered vine That droops his sapless branches to the ground. Shak.

DROOP Droop, n.

Defn: A drooping; as, a droop of the eye.

DROOPER Droop"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, droops.

DROOPINGLY Droop"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a drooping manner.

DROP Drop, n. Etym: [OE. drope, AS. dropa; akin to OS. dropo, D. drop, OHG. tropo, G. tropfen, Icel. dropi, Sw. droppe; and Fr. AS. dreópan to drip, drop; akin to OS. driopan, D. druipen, OHG. triofan, G. triefen, Icel. drj. Cf. Drip, Droop.]

1. The quantity of fluid which falls in one small spherical mass; a liquid globule; a minim; hence, also, the smallest easily measured portion of a fluid; a small quantity; as, a drop of water. With minute drops from off the eaves. Milton. As dear to me as are the ruddy drops That visit my sad heart. Shak. That drop of peace divine. Keble.

2. That which resembles, or that which hangs like, a liquid drop; as a hanging diamond ornament, an earring, a glass pendant on a chandelier, a sugarplum (sometimes medicated), or a kind of shot or slug.

3. (Arch.) (a) Same as Gutta. (b) Any small pendent ornament.

4. Whatever is arranged to drop, hang, or fall from an elevated position; also, a contrivance for lowering something; as: (a) A door or platform opening downward; a trap door; that part of the gallows on which a culprit stands when he is to be hanged; hence, the gallows itself. (b) A machine for lowering heavy weights, as packages, coal wagons, etc., to a ship's deck. (c) A contrivance for temporarily lowering a gas jet. (d) A curtain which drops or falls in front of the stage of a theater, etc. (e) A drop press or drop hammer. (f) (Mach.) The distance of the axis of a shaft below the base of a hanger.

5. pl.

Defn: Any medicine the dose of which is measured by drops; as, lavender drops.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: The depth of a square sail; -- generally applied to the courses only. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

7. Act of dropping; sudden fall or descent. Ague drop, Black drop. See under Ague, Black. -- Drop by drop, in small successive quantities; in repeated portions. "Made to taste drop by drop more than the bitterness of death." Burke. -- Drop curtain. See Drop, n.,

4. (d). -- Drop forging. (Mech.) (a) A forging made in dies by a drop hammer. (b) The process of making drop forgings. -- Drop hammer (Mech.), a hammer for forging, striking up metal, etc., the weight being raised by a strap or similar device, and then released to drop on the metal resting on an anvil or die. -- Drop kick (Football), a kick given to the ball as it rebounds after having been dropped from the hands. -- Drop lake, a pigment obtained from Brazil wood. Mollett. -- Drop letter, a letter to be delivered from the same office where posted. -- Drop press (Mech.), a drop hammer; sometimes, a dead-stroke hammer; -- also called drop. -- Drop scene, a drop curtain on which a scene is painted. See Drop, n., 4. (d). -- Drop seed. (Bot.) See the List under Glass. -- Drop serene. (Med.) See Amaurosis.

DROP Drop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dropped or Dropt; p. pr. & vb. n. Dropping.] Etym: [OE. droppen, AS. dropan, v. i. See Drop, n.]

1. To pour or let fall in drops; to pour in small globules; to distill. "The trees drop balsam." Creech. The recording angel, as he wrote it down, dropped a tear upon the word and blotted it out forever. Sterne.

2. To cause to fall in one portion, or by one motion, like a drop; to let fall; as, to drop a line in fishing; to drop a courtesy.

3. To let go; to dismiss; to set aside; to have done with; to discontinue; to forsake; to give up; to omit. They suddenly drop't the pursuit. S. Sharp. That astonishing ease with which fine ladies drop you and pick you up again. Thackeray. The connection had been dropped many years. Sir W. Scott. Dropping the too rough H in Hell and Heaven. Tennyson.

4. To bestow or communicate by a suggestion; to let fall in an indirect, cautious, or gentle manner; as, to drop hint, a word of counsel, etc.

5. To lower, as a curtain, or the muzzle of a gun, etc.

6. To send, as a letter; as, please drop me a line, a letter, word.

7. To give birth to; as, to drop a lamb.

8. To cover with drops; to variegate; to bedrop. Show to the sun their waved coats dropped with gold. Milton. To drop a vessel (Naut.), to leave it astern in a race or a chase; to outsail it.

DROP Drop, v. i.

1. To fall in drops. The kindly dew drops from the higher tree, And wets the little plants that lowly dwell. Spenser.

2. To fall, in general, literally or figuratively; as, ripe fruit drops from a tree; wise words drop from the lips. Mutilations of which the meaning has dropped out of memory. H. Spencer. When the sound of dropping nuts is heard. Bryant.

3. To let drops fall; to discharge itself in drops. The heavens . . . dropped at the presence of God. Ps. lxviii. 8.

4. To fall dead, or to fall in death. Nothing, says Seneca, so soon reconciles us to the thoughts of our own death, as the prospect of one friend after another dropping round us. Digby.

5. To come to an end; to cease; to pass out of mind; as, the affair dropped. Pope.

6. To come unexpectedly; -- with in or into; as, my old friend dropped in a moment. Steele. Takes care to drop in when he thinks you are just seated. Spectator.

7. To fall or be depressed; to lower; as, the point of the spear dropped a little.

8. To fall short of a mark. [R.] Often it drops or overshoots by the disproportion of distance. Collier.

9. To be deep in extent; to descend perpendicularly; as, her main topsail drops seventeen yards. To drop astern (Naut.), to go astern of another vessel; to be left behind; to slacken the speed of a vessel so as to fall behind and to let another pass a head. -- To drop down (Naut.), to sail, row, or move down a river, or toward the sea. -- To drop off, to fall asleep gently; also, to die. [Colloq.]

DROPLET Drop"let, n.

Defn: A little drop; a tear. Shak.

DROPLIGHT Drop"light`, n.

Defn: An apparatus for bringing artificial light down from a chandelier nearer to a table or desk; a pendant.

DROPMEAL; DROPMELE Drop"meal`, Drop"mele`, adv. Etym: [AS. drop-m; dropa drop + m portion. Cf. Piecemeal.]

Defn: By drops or small portions. [Obs.] Distilling dropmeal, a little at once. Holland.

DROPPER Drop"per, n.

1. One who, or that which, drops. Specif.: (Fishing) A fly that drops from the leaden above the bob or end fly.

2. A dropping tube.

3. (Mining)

Defn: A branch vein which drops off from, or leaves, the main lode.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A dog which suddenly drops upon the ground when it sights game, -- formerly a common, and still an occasional, habit of the setter.

DROPPING Drop"ping, n.

1. The action of causing to drop or of letting drop; falling.

2. pl.

Defn: That which falls in drops; the excrement or dung of animals. Dropping bottle, an instrument used to supply small quantities of a fluid to a test tube or other vessel. -- Dropping fire, a continued irregular discharge of firearms. -- Dropping tube, a tube for ejecting any liquid in drops.

DROPPINGLY Drop"ping*ly, adv.

Defn: In drops.

DROPSICAL Drop"si*cal, a. Etym: [From Dropsy.]

1. Diseased with dropsy; hydropical; tending to dropsy; as, a dropsical patient.

2. Of or pertaining to dropsy.

DROPSICALNESS Drop"si*cal*ness, n.

Defn: State of being dropsical.

DROPSIED Drop"sied, a.

Defn: Diseased with drops. Shak.

DROPSY Drop"sy, n.; pl. Dropsies. Etym: [OE. dropsie, dropesie, OF. idropisie, F. hydropisie, L. hydropisis, fr. Gr. Water, and cf. Hydropsy.] (Med.)

Defn: An unnatural collection of serous fluid in any serous cavity of the body, or in the subcutaneous cellular tissue. Dunglison.

DROPT Dropt,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Drop, v. G. Eliot.

DROPWISE Drop"wise`, adv.

Defn: After the manner of a drop; in the form of drops. Trickling dropwise from the cleft. Tennyson.

DROPWORM Drop"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of any geometrid moth, which drops from trees by means of a thread of silk, as the cankerworm.

DROPWORT Drop"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An Old World species of Spiræa (S. filipendula), with finely cut leaves.

DROSERA Dros"e*ra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of low perennial or biennial plants, the leaves of which are beset with gland-tipped bristles. See Sundew. Gray.

DROSKY Dros"ky, n.; pl. Droskies. Etym: [Russ. drojki, dim. of drogi a kind of carriage, prop. pl. of droga shaft or pole of a carriage.]

Defn: A low, four-wheeled, open carriage, used in Russia, consisting of a kind of long, narrow bench, on which the passengers ride as on a saddle, with their feet reaching nearly to the ground. Other kinds of vehicles are now so called, esp. a kind of victoria drawn by one or two horses, and used as a public carriage in German cities. [Written also droitzschka, and droschke.]

DROSOMETER Dro*som"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. drosométre.] (Meteorol.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the quantity of dew on the surface of a body in the open air. It consists of a balance, having a plate at one end to receive the dew, and at the other a weight protected from the deposit of dew.

DROSS Dross, n. Etym: [AS. dros, fr. dreósan to fall. See Dreary.]

1. The scum or refuse matter which is thrown off, or falls from, metals in smelting the ore, or in the process of melting; recrement.

2. Rust of metals. [R.] Addison.

3. Waste matter; any worthless matter separated from the better part; leavings; dregs; refuse. All world's glory is but dross unclean. Spenser. At the devil's booth are all things sold, Each ounce of dross coats its ounce of gold. Lowell.

DROSSEL Dros"sel, n. Etym: [Cf. Drazel.]

Defn: A slut; a hussy; a drazel. [Obs.] Warner.

DROSSLESS Dross"less, a.

Defn: Free from dross. Stevens.

DROSSY Dross"y, a. [Compar. Drossier; superl. Drossiest.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, resembling, dross; full of dross; impure; worthless. " Drossy gold." Dryden. "Drossy rhymes." Donne. -- Dross"i*ness, n.

DROTCHEL Drotch"el, n.

Defn: See Drossel. [Obs.]

DROUGH Drough, imp.

Defn: of Draw. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DROUGHT Drought, n. Etym: [OE. droght, drougth, dru, AS. druga, from drugian to dry. See Dry, and cf. Drouth, which shows the original final sound.]

1. Dryness; want of rain or of water; especially, such dryness of the weather as affects the earth, and prevents the growth of plants; aridity. The drought of March hath pierced to the root. Chaucer. In a drought the thirsty creatures cry. Dryden.

2. Thirst; want of drink. Johnson.

3. Scarcity; lack. A drought of Christian writers caused a dearth of all history. Fuller.

DROUGHTINESS Drought"i*ness, n.

Defn: A state of dryness of the weather; want of rain.

DROUGHTY Drought"y, a.

1. Characterized by drought; wanting rain; arid; adust. Droughty and parched countries. Ray.

2. Dry; thirsty; wanting drink. Thy droughty throat. Philips.

DROUMY Drou"my, a. Etym: [Cf. Scot. drum, dram, melancholy, Icel prumr a moper, W. trwm heavy, sad.]

Defn: Troubled; muddy. [Obs.] Bacon.

DROUTH Drouth, n.

Defn: Same as Drought. Sandys. Another ill accident is drouth at the spindling of corn. Bacon. One whose drouth [thirst], Yet scarce allayed, still eyes the current stream. Milton. In the dust and drouth of London life. Tennyson.

DROUTHY Drouth"y, a.

Defn: Droughty.

DROVE Drove, imp.

Defn: of Drive.

DROVE Drove, n. Etym: [AS. draf, fr. drifan to drive. See Drive.]

1. A collection of cattle driven, or cattle collected for driving; a number of animals, as oxen, sheep, or swine, driven in a body.

2. Any collection of irrational animals, moving or driving forward; as, a finny drove. Milton.

3. A crowd of people in motion. Where droves, as at a city gate, may pass. Dryden.

4. A road for driving cattle; a driftway. [Eng.]

5. (Agric.)

Defn: A narrow drain or channel used in the irrigation of land. Simmonds.

6. (Masonry) (a) A broad chisel used to bring stone to a nearly smooth surface; -- called also drove chisel. (b) The grooved surface of stone finished by the drove chisel; -- called also drove work.

DROVEN Dro"ven, p. p.

Defn: of Drive. [Obs.]

DROVER Dro"ver, n.

1. One who drives cattle or sheep to market; one who makes it his business to purchase cattle, and drive them to market. Why, that's spoken like an honest drover; so they sell bullocks. Shak.

2. A boat driven by the tide. [Obs.] Spenser.

DROVY Dro"vy, a. Etym: [AS. dr dirty; cf. D. droef, G. trübe, Goth. dr to trouble.]

Defn: Turbid; muddy; filthy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DROW Drow, imp.

Defn: of Draw. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DROWN Drown, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drowned; p. pr. & vb. n. Drowning.] Etym: [OE. drunen, drounen, earlier drunknen, druncnien, AS. druncnian to be drowned, sink, become drunk, fr. druncen drunken. See Drunken, Drink.]

Defn: To be suffocated in water or other fluid; to perish in water. Methought, what pain it was to drown. Shak.

DROWN Drown, v. t.

1. To overwhelm in water; to submerge; to inundate. "They drown the land." Dryden.

2. To deprive of life by immersion in water or other liquid.

3. To overpower; to overcome; to extinguish; -- said especially of sound. Most men being in sensual pleasures drowned. Sir J. Davies. My private voice is drowned amid the senate. Addison. To drown up, to swallow up. [Obs.] Holland.

DROWNAGE Drown"age, n.

Defn: The act of drowning. [R.]

DROWNER Drown"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, drowns.

DROWSE Drowse, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drowsed; p. pr. & vb. n. Drowsing.] Etym: [AS. dr, dr, to sink, become slow or inactive; cf. OD. droosen to be sleepy, fall asleep, LG. dr, druusken, to slumber, fall down with a noise; prob, akin to AS. dreósan to fall. See Dreary.]

Defn: To sleep imperfectly or unsoundly; to slumber; to be heavy with sleepiness; to doze. "He drowsed upon his couch." South. In the pool drowsed the cattle up to their knees. Lowell.

DROWSE Drowse, v. t.

Defn: To make heavy with sleepiness or imperfect sleep; to make dull or stupid. Milton.

DROWSE Drowse, n.

Defn: A slight or imperfect sleep; a doze. But smiled on in a drowse of ecstasy. Mrs. Browning.

DROWSIHEAD Drow"si*head, n.

Defn: Drowsiness. Thomson.

DROWSIHED Drow"si*hed, n.

Defn: Drowsihead. [Obs.] Spenser.

DROWSILY Drow"si*ly, adv.

Defn: In a drowsy manner.

DROWSINESS Drow"si*ness, n.

Defn: State of being drowsy. Milton.

DROWSY Drow"sy, a. [Compar. Drowsier; superl. Drowsiest.]

1. Inclined to drowse; heavy with sleepiness; lethargic; dozy. "When I am drowsy." Shak. Dapples the drowsy east with spots of gray. Shak. To our age's drowsy blood Still shouts the inspiring sea. Lowell.

2. Disposing to sleep; lulling; soporific. The drowsy hours, dispensers of all good. Tennyson.

3. Dull; stupid. " Drowsy reasoning." Atterbury.

Syn. -- Sleepy; lethargic; dozy; somnolent; comatose; dull heavy; stupid.

DROWTH Drowth, n.

Defn: See Drought. Bacon.

DROYLE Droyle, v. i.

Defn: See Droil. [Obs.] Spenser.

DRUB Drub, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Drubbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Drubbing.] Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. drab to beat, Icel. & Sw. drabba to hit, beat, Dan. dræbe to slay, and perh. OE. drepen to strike, kill, AS. drepan to strike, G. & D. freffen to hit, touch, Icel. drepa to strike, kill.]

Defn: To beat with a stick; to thrash; to cudgel. Soundly Drubbed with a good honest cudgel. L'Estrange.

DRUB Drub, n.

Defn: A blow with a cudgel; a thump. Addison.

DRUBBER Drub"ber, n.

Defn: One who drubs. Sir W. Scott.

DRUDGE Drudge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drudged; p. pr. & vb. n. Drudging.] Etym: [OE. druggen; prob not akin to E. drag, v. t., but fr. Celtic; cf. Ir. drugaire a slave or drudge.]

Defn: To perform menial work; to labor in mean or unpleasant offices with toil and fatigue. He gradually rose in the estimation of the booksellers for whom he drudged. Macaulay.

DRUDGE Drudge, v. t.

Defn: To consume laboriously; -- with away. Rise to our toils and drudge away the day. Otway.

DRUDGE Drudge, n.

Defn: One who drudges; one who works hard in servile employment; a mental servant. Milton.

DRUDGER Drudg"er, n.

1. One who drudges; a drudge.

2. A dredging box.

DRUDGERY Drudg"er*y, n.

Defn: The act of drudging; disagreeable and wearisome labor; ignoble or slavish toil. The drudgery of penning definitions. Macaulay. Paradise was a place of bliss . . . without drudgery and with out sorrow. Locke.

Syn. -- See Toll.

DRUDGING BOX Drudg"ing box`.

Defn: See Dredging box.

DRUDGINGLY Drudg"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a drudging manner; laboriously.

DRUERY Dru"er*y, n. Etym: [OF. druerie.]

Defn: Courtship; gallantry; love; an object of love. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DRUG Drug, v. i. Etym: [See 1st Drudge.]

Defn: To drudge; to toil laboriously. [Obs.] "To drugge and draw." Chaucer.

DRUG Drug, n.

Defn: A drudge. Shak. (Timon iv. 3, 253).

DRUG Drug, n. Etym: [F. drogue, prob. fr. D. droog; akin to E. dry; thus orig., dry substance, hers, plants, or wares. See Dry.]

1. Any animal, vegetable, or mineral substance used in the composition of medicines; any stuff used in dyeing or in chemical operations. Whence merchants bring Their spicy drugs. Milton.

2. Any commodity that lies on hand, or is not salable; an article of slow sale, or in no demand. "But sermons are mere drugs." Fielding. And virtue shall a drug become. Dryden.

DRUG Drug, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drugged; p. pr. & vb. n. Drugging.] Etym: [Cf. F. droguer.]

Defn: To prescribe or administer drugs or medicines. B. Jonson.

DRUG Drug, v. t.

1. To affect or season with drugs or ingredients; esp., to stupefy by a narcotic drug. Also Fig. The laboring masses . . . [were] drugged into brutish good humor by a vast system of public spectacles. C. Kingsley. Drug thy memories, lest thou learn it. Tennyson.

2. To tincture with something offensive or injurious. Drugged as oft, With hatefullest disrelish writhed their jaws. Milton.

3. To dose to excess with, or as with, drugs. With pleasure drugged, he almost longed for woe. Byron.

DRUGGER Drug"ger, n.

Defn: A druggist. [Obs.] Burton.

DRUGGET Drug"get, n. Etym: [F. droguet, prop. dim. of drogue trash, stuff, perh, the same word as drogue drug, but cf. also W. drwg evil, bad, Ir. & Gael. droch, Arm. droug, drouk. See 3d Drug.] (a) A coarse woolen cloth dyed of one color or printed on one side; generally used as a covering for carpets. (b) By extension, any material used for the same purpose.

DRUGGIST Drug"gist, n. Etym: [F. droguiste, fr. drogue. See 3d Drug.]

Defn: One who deals in drugs; especially, one who buys and sells drugs without compounding them; also, a pharmaceutist or apothecary.

Note: The same person often carries on the business of the druggist and the apothecary. See the Note under Apothecary.

DRUGSTER Drug"ster, n.

Defn: A druggist. [Obs.] Boule.

DRUID Dru"id, n. Etym: [L. Druides; of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. draoi, druidh, magician, Druid, W. derwydd Druid.]

1. One of an order of priests which in ancient times existed among certain branches of the Celtic race, especially among the Gauls and Britons.

Note: The Druids superintended the affairs of religion and morality, and exercised judicial functions. They practiced divination and magic, and sacrificed human victims as a part of their worship. They consisted of three classes; the bards, the vates or prophets, and the Druids proper, or priests. Their most sacred rites were performed in the depths of oak forests or of caves.

2. A member of a social and benevolent order, founded in London in 1781, and professedly based on the traditions of the ancient Druids. Lodges or groves of the society are established in other countries. Druid stones, a name given, in the south of England, to weatherworn, rough pillars of gray sandstone scattered over the chalk downs, but in other countries generally in the form of circles, or in detached pillars.

DRUIDESS Dru"id*ess, n.

Defn: A female Druid; a prophetess.

DRUIDIC; DRUIDICAL Dru*id"ic, Dru*id"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, the Druids. Druidical circles. See under Circle.

DRUIDISH Dru"id*ish, a.

Defn: Druidic.

DRUIDISM Dru"id*ism, n.

Defn: The system of religion, philosophy, and instruction, received and taught by the Druids; the rites and ceremonies of the Druids.

DRUM Drum, n. Etym: [Cf. D. trom, trommel, LG. trumme, G. trommel, Dan. tromme, Sw. trumma, OHG. trumba a trumpet, Icel. pruma a clap of thunder, and as a verb, to thunder, Dan. drum a booming sound, drumme to boom; prob. partly at least of imitative origin; perh. akin to E. trum, or trumpet.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument of percussion, consisting either of a hollow cylinder, over each end of which is stretched a piece of skin or vellum, to be beaten with a stick; or of a metallic hemisphere (kettledrum) with a single piece of skin to be so beaten; the common instrument for marking time in martial music; one of the pair of tympani in an orchestra, or cavalry band. The drums cry bud-a-dub. Gascoigne.

2. Anything resembling a drum in form; as: (a) A sheet iron radiator, often in the shape of a drum, for warming an apartment by means of heat received from a stovepipe, or a cylindrical receiver for steam, etc. (b) A small cylindrical box in which figs, etc., are packed. (c) (Anat.) The tympanum of the ear; -- often, but incorrectly, applied to the tympanic membrane. (d) (Arch.)

Defn: One of the cylindrical, or nearly cylindrical, blocks, of which the shaft of a column is composed; also, a vertical wall, whether circular or polygonal in plan, carrying a cupola or dome. (e) (Mach.)

Defn: A cylinder on a revolving shaft, generally for the purpose of driving several pulleys, by means of belts or straps passing around its periphery; also, the barrel of a hoisting machine, on which the rope or chain is wound.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Drumfish.

4. A noisy, tumultuous assembly of fashionable people at a private house; a rout. [Archaic] Not unaptly styled a drum, from the noise and emptiness of the entertainment. Smollett.

Note: There were also drum major, rout, tempest, and hurricane, differing only in degrees of multitude and uproar, as the significant name of each declares.

5. A tea party; a kettledrum. G. Eliot. Bass drum. See in the Vocabulary. -- Double drum. See under Double.

DRUM Drum, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drummed; p. pr. & vb. n. Drumming.]

1. To beat a drum with sticks; to beat or play a tune on a drum.

2. To beat with the fingers, as with drumsticks; to beat with a rapid succession of strokes; to make a noise like that of a beaten drum; as, the ruffed grouse drums with his wings. Drumming with his fingers on the arm of his chair. W. Irving.

3. To throb, as the heart. [R.] Dryden.

4. To go about, as a drummer does, to gather recruits, to draw or secure partisans, customers, etc,; -- with for.

DRUM Drum, v. t.

1. To execute on a drum, as a tune.

2. (With out) To expel ignominiously, with beat of drum; as, to drum out a deserter or rogue from a camp, etc.

3. (With up) To assemble by, or as by, beat of drum; to collect; to gather or draw by solicitation; as, to drum up recruits; to drum up customers.

DRUMBEAT Drum"beat`, n.

Defn: The sound of a beaten drum; drum music. Whose morning drumbeat, following the sun, and keeping company with the hours, circles the earth with one continuous and unbroken strain of the martial airs of England. D. Webster.

DRUMBLE Drum"ble, v. i. Etym: [See Drumly.]

1. To be sluggish or lazy; to be confused. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To mumble in speaking. [Obs.]

DRUMFISH Drum"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: any fish of the family Sciænidæ, which makes a loud noise by means of its air bladder; -- called also drum.

Note: The common drumfish (Pogonias chromis) is a large species, common south of New Jersey. The southern red drum or red horse (Sciæna ocellata), and the fresh-water drum or croaker (Aplodionotus grunniens), are related species.

DRUMHEAD Drum"head`, n.

1. The parchment or skin stretched over one end of a drum.

2. The top of a capstan which is pierced with sockets for levers used in turning it. See Illust. of Capstan. Drumhead court-martial (Mil.), a summary court-martial called to try offenses on the battlefield or the line of march, when, sometimes, a drumhead has to do service as a writing table.

DRUMLIN Drum"lin, n. Etym: [Gael. druim the ridge of a hill.] (Geol.)

Defn: A hill of compact, unstratified, glacial drift or till, usually elongate or oval, with the larger axis parallel to the former local glacial motion.

DRUMLY Drum"ly, a. Etym: [Cf. Droumy.]

Defn: Turbid; muddy. [Scot. & Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Wodroephe (1623). Burns.

DRUM MAJOR Drum" ma"jor

Defn: .

1. The chief or first drummer of a regiment; an instructor of drummers.

2. The marching leader of a military band. [U.S.]

3. A noisy gathering. [R.] See under Drum, n.,

4.

DRUMMER Drum"mer, n.

1. One whose office is to best the drum, as in military exercises and marching.

2. One who solicits custom; a commercial traveler. [Colloq. U.S.] Bartlett.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish that makes a sound when caught; as: (a) The squeteague. (b) A California sculpin.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large West Indian cockroach (Blatta gigantea) which drums on woodwork, as a sexual call.

DRUMMING Drum"ming, n.

Defn: The act of beating upon, or as if upon, a drum; also, the noise which the male of the ruffed grouse makes in spring, by beating his wings upon his sides.

DRUMMOND LIGHT Drum"mond light`. Etym: [From Thomas Drummond, a British naval officer.]

Defn: A very intense light, produced by turning two streams of gas, one oxygen and the other hydrogen, or coal gas, in a state of ignition, upon a ball of lime; or a stream of oxygen gas through a flame of alcohol upon a ball or disk of lime; -- called also oxycalcium light, or lime light.

Note: The name is also applied sometimes to a heliostat, invented by Drummond, for rendering visible a distant point, as in geodetic surveying, by reflecting upon it a beam of light from the sun.

DRUMSTICK Drum"stick`, n.

1. A stick with which a drum is beaten.

2. Anything resembling a drumstick in form, as the tibiotarsus, or second joint, of the leg of a fowl.

DRUM WINDING Drum winding. (Elec.)

Defn: A method of armature winding in which the wire is wound upon the outer surface of a cylinder or drum from end to end of the cylinder; -- distinguished from ring winding, etc.

DRUNK Drunk, a. Etym: [OE. dronke, drunke, dronken, drunken, AS. druncen. Orig. the same as drunken, p. p. of drink. See Drink.]

1. Intoxicated with, or as with, strong drink; inebriated; drunken; - - never used attributively, but always predicatively; as, the man is drunk (not, a drunk man). Be not drunk with wine, where in is excess. Eph. v. 18. Drunk with recent prosperity. Macaulay.

2. Drenched or saturated with moisture or liquid. I will make mine arrows drunk with blood. Deut. xxxii. 42.

DRUNK Drunk, n.

Defn: A drunken condition; a spree. [Slang]

DRUNKARD Drunk"ard, n. Etym: [Drunk + -ard.]

Defn: One who habitually drinks strong liquors immoderately; one whose habit it is to get drunk; a toper; a sot. The drunkard and glutton shall come to poverty. Prov. xxiii. 21.

DRUNKEN Drunk"en, a. Etym: [AS. druncen, prop., that has drunk, p. p. of drincan, taken as active. See Drink, v. i., and cf. Drunk.]

1. Overcome by strong drink; intoxicated by, or as by, spirituous liquor; inebriated. Drunken men imagine everything turneth round. Bacon.

2. Saturated with liquid or moisture; drenched. Let the earth be drunken with our blood. Shak.

3. Pertaining to, or proceeding from, intoxication. The drunken quarrels of a rake. Swift.

DRUNKENHEAD Drunk"en*head, n.

Defn: Drunkenness. [Obs.]

DRUNKENLY Drunk"en*ly, adv.

Defn: In a drunken manner. [R.] Shak.

DRUNKENNESS Drunk"en*ness, n.

1. The state of being drunken with, or as with, alcoholic liquor; intoxication; inebriety; -- used of the casual state or the habit. The Lacedemonians trained up their children to hate drunkenness by bringing a drunken man into their company. I. Watts.

2. Disorder of the faculties, resembling intoxication by liquors; inflammation; frenzy; rage. Passion is the drunkenness of the mind. South.

Syn. -- Intoxication; inebriation; inebriety. -- Drunkenness, Intoxication, Inebriation. Drunkenness refers more to the habit; intoxication and inebriation, to specific acts. The first two words are extensively used in a figurative sense; a person is intoxicated with success, and is drunk with joy. "This plan of empire was not taken up in the first intoxication of unexpected success." Burke.

DRUNKENSHIP; DRUNKSHIP Drunk"en*ship, Drunk"ship, n.

Defn: The state of being drunk; drunkenness. [Obs.] Gower.

DRUPACEOUS Dru*pa"ceous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. drupacé.] (Bot.)

Defn: Producing, or pertaining to, drupes; having the form of drupes; as, drupaceous trees or fruits.

DRUPAL Drup"al, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Drupaceous.

DRUPE Drupe, n. Etym: [F. drupe, L. drupa an overripe, wrinkled olive, fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A fruit consisting of pulpy, coriaceous, or fibrous exocarp, without valves, containing a nut or stone with a kernel. The exocarp is succulent in the plum, cherry, apricot, peach, etc.; dry and subcoriaceous in the almond; and fibrous in the cocoanut.

DRUPEL; DRUPELET Drup"el, Drupe"let, n. Etym: [Dim. of Drupe.] (Bot.)

Defn: A small drupe, as one of the pulpy grains of the blackberry.

DRUSE Druse, n. Etym: [Cf. G. druse bonny, crystallized piece of ore, Bohem. druza. Cf. Dross.] (Min.)

Defn: A cavity in a rock, having its interior surface studded with crystals and sometimes filled with water; a geode.

DRUSE Druse, n.

Defn: One of a people and religious sect dwelling chiefly in the Lebanon mountains of Syria. The Druses separated from the Mohammedan Arabs in the 9th century. Their characteristic dogma is the unity of God. Am. Cyc.

DRUSY; DRUSED Dru"sy, Drused, a. (Min.)

Defn: Covered with a large number of minute crystals.

DRUXEY; DRUXY Drux"ey, Drux"y, a. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: Having decayed spots or streaks of a whitish color; -- said of timber. Weale.

DRY Dry, a. [Compar. Drier; superl. Driest.] Etym: [OE. dru, druye, drie, AS. dryge; akin to LG. dröge, D. droog, OHG. trucchan, G. trocken, Icel. draugr a dry log. Cf. Drought, Drouth, 3d Drug.]

1. Free from moisture; having little humidity or none; arid; not wet or moist; deficient in the natural or normal supply of moisture, as rain or fluid of any kind; -- said especially: (a) Of the weather: Free from rain or mist. The weather, we agreed, was too dry for the season. Addison.

(b) Of vegetable matter: Free from juices or sap; not succulent; not green; as, dry wood or hay. (c) Of animals: Not giving milk; as, the cow is dry. (d) Of persons: Thirsty; needing drink. Give the dry fool drink. Shak

(e) Of the eyes: Not shedding tears. Not a dry eye was to be seen in the assembly. Prescott. (f) (Med.)

Defn: Of certain morbid conditions, in which there is entire or comparative absence of moisture; as, dry gangrene; dry catarrh.

2. Destitute of that which interests or amuses; barren; unembellished; jejune; plain. These epistles will become less dry, more susceptible of ornament. Pope.

3. Characterized by a quality somewhat severe, grave, or hard; hence, sharp; keen; shrewd; quaint; as, a dry tone or manner; dry wit. He was rather a dry, shrewd kind of body. W. Irving.

4. (Fine Arts)

Defn: Exhibiting a sharp, frigid preciseness of execution, or the want of a delicate contour in form, and of easy transition in coloring. Dry area (Arch.), a small open space reserved outside the foundation of a building to guard it from damp. -- Dry blow. (a) (Med.) A blow which inflicts no wound, and causes no effusion of blood. (b) A quick, sharp blow. -- Dry bone (Min.), Smithsonite, or carbonate of zinc; -- a miner's term. -- Dry castor (Zoöl.) a kind of beaver; -- called also parchment beaver. -- Dry cupping. (Med.) See under Cupping. -- Dry dock. See under Dock. -- Dry fat. See Dry vat (below). -- Dry light, pure unobstructed light; hence, a clear, impartial view. Bacon. The scientific man must keep his feelings under stern control, lest they obtrude into his researches, and color the dry light in which alone science desires to see its objects. J. C. Shairp. -- Dry masonry. See Masonry. -- Dry measure, a system of measures of volume for dry or coarse articles, by the bushel, peck, etc. -- Dry pile (Physics), a form of the Voltaic pile, constructed without the use of a liquid, affording a feeble current, and chiefly useful in the construction of electroscopes of great delicacy; -- called also Zamboni's , from the names of the two earliest constructors of it. -- Dry pipe (Steam Engine), a pipe which conducts dry steam from a boiler. -- Dry plate (Photog.), a glass plate having a dry coating sensitive to light, upon which photographic negatives or pictures can be made, without moistening. -- Dry-plate process, the process of photographing with dry plates. -- Dry point. (Fine Arts) (a) An engraving made with the needle instead of the burin, in which the work is done nearly as in etching, but is finished without the use acid. (b) A print from such an engraving, usually upon paper. (c) Hence: The needle with which such an engraving is made. -- Dry rent (Eng. Law), a rent reserved by deed, without a clause of distress. Bouvier. -- Dry rot, a decay of timber, reducing its fibers to the condition of a dry powdery dust, often accompanied by the presence of a peculiar fungus (Merulius lacrymans), which is sometimes considered the cause of the decay; but it is more probable that the real cause is the decomposition of the wood itself. D. C. Eaton. Called also sap rot, and, in the United States, powder post. Hebert. -- Dry stove, a hothouse adapted to preserving the plants of arid climates. Brande & C. -- Dry vat, a vat, basket, or other receptacle for dry articles. -- Dry wine, that in which the saccharine matter and fermentation were so exactly balanced, that they have wholly neutralized each other, and no sweetness is perceptible; -- opposed to sweet wine, in which the saccharine matter is in excess.

DRY Dry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dried; p. pr. & vb. n. Drying.] Etym: [AS. drygan; cf. drugian to grow dry. See Dry, a.]

Defn: To make dry; to free from water, or from moisture of any kind, and by any means; to exsiccate; as, to dry the eyes; to dry one's tears; the wind dries the earth; to dry a wet cloth; to dry hay. To dry up. (a) To scorch or parch with thirst; to deprive utterly of water; to consume. Their honorable men are famished, and their multitude dried up with thirst. Is. v. 13. The water of the sea, which formerly covered it, was in time exhaled and dried up by the sun. Woodward. (b) To make to cease, as a stream of talk. Their sources of revenue were dried up. Jowett (Thucyd. ) -- To dry, or dry up, a cow, to cause a cow to cease secreting milk. Tylor.

DRY Dry, v. i.

1. To grow dry; to become free from wetness, moisture, or juice; as, the road dries rapidly.

2. To evaporate wholly; to be exhaled; -- said of moisture, or a liquid; -- sometimes with up; as, the stream dries, or dries up.

3. To shrivel or wither; to lose vitality. And his hand, which he put forth against him, dried up, so that he could not pull it in again to him. I Kings xiii. 4.

DRYAD Dry"ad, n. Etym: [L. dryas, pl. dryades, Gr. Tree.] (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A wood nymph; a nymph whose life was bound up with that of her tree.

DRYANDRA Dry*an"dra, n. Etym: [NL. Named after J. Dryander.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs growing in Australia, having beautiful, hard, dry, evergreen leaves.

DRYAS Dry"as, n.; pl. Dryades. Etym: [L. See Dryad.] (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A dryad.

DRY-BEAT Dry"-beat`, v. t.

Defn: To beat severely. Shak.

DRY-BONED Dry"-boned`, a.

Defn: Having dry bones, or bones without flesh.

DRY DOCK Dry" dock`. (Naut.)

Defn: See under Dock.

DRYER Dry"er, n.

Defn: See Drier. Sir W. Temple.

DRY-EYED Dry"-eyed`, a.

Defn: Not having tears in the eyes.

DRY-FISTED Dry"-fist`ed, a.

Defn: Niggardly.

DRYFOOT Dry"foot, n.

Defn: The scent of the game, as far as it can be traced. [Obs.] Shak.

DRY GOODS Dry" goods`.

Defn: A commercial name for textile fabrics, cottons, woolens, linen, silks, laces, etc., -- in distinction from groceries. [U.S.]

DRYING Dry"ing, a.

1. Adapted or tending to exhaust moisture; as, a drying wind or day; a drying room.

2. Having the quality of rapidly becoming dry. Drying oil, an oil which, either naturally or after boiling with oxide of lead, absorbs oxygen from the air and dries up rapidly. Drying oils are used as the bases of many paints and varnishes.

DRYLY Dry"ly, adv.

Defn: In a dry manner; not succulently; without interest; without sympathy; coldly.

DRYNESS Dry"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being dry. See Dry.

DRY NURSE Dry" nurse`.

Defn: A nurse who attends and feeds a child by hand; -- in distinction from a wet nurse, who suckles it.

DRYNURSE Dry"nurse`, v. t.

Defn: To feed, attend, and bring up without the breast. Hudibras.

DRYOBALANOPS Dry`o*bal"a*nops, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The genus to which belongs the single species D. Camphora, a lofty resinous tree of Borneo and Sumatra, yielding Borneo camphor and camphor oil.

DRY-RUB Dry"-rub`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dry-rubbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Dry- rubbing.]

Defn: To rub and cleanse without wetting. Dodsley.

DRYSALTER Dry"salt`er, n.

Defn: A dealer in salted or dried meats, pickles, sauces, etc., and in the materials used in pickling, salting, and preserving various kinds of food Hence drysalters usually sell a number of saline substances and miscellaneous drugs. Brande & C.

DRYSALTERY Dry"salt`er*y, n.

Defn: The articles kept by a drysalter; also, the business of a drysalter.

DRY-SHOD Dry"-shod`, a.

Defn: Without wetting the feet.

DRY-STONE Dry"-stone`, a.

Defn: Constructed of uncemented stone. "Dry-stone walls." Sir W. Scott.

DRYTH; DRITH Dryth, or Drith, n.

Defn: Drought. [Obs.] Tyndale.

DUAD Du"ad, n. Etym: [See Dyad.]

Defn: A union of two; duality. [R.] Harris.

DUAL Du"al, a. Etym: [L. dualis, fr. duo two. See Two.]

Defn: Expressing, or consisting of, the number two; belonging to two; as, the dual number of nouns, etc. , in Greek. Here you have one half of our dual truth. Tyndall.

DUALIN Du"a*lin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An explosive substance consisting essentially of sawdust or wood pulp, saturated with nitroglycerin and other similar nitro compounds. It is inferior to dynamite, and is more liable to explosion.

DUALISM Du"al*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dualisme.]

Defn: State of being dual or twofold; a twofold division; any system which is founded on a double principle, or a twofold distinction; as: (a) (Philos.) A view of man as constituted of two original and independent elements, as matter and spirit. (Theol.) (b) A system which accepts two gods, or two original principles, one good and the other evil. (c) The doctrine that all mankind are divided by the arbitrary decree of God, and in his eternal foreknowledge, into two classes, the elect and the reprobate. (d) (Physiol.) The theory that each cerebral hemisphere acts independently of the other. An inevitable dualism bisects nature, so that each thing is a half, and suggests another thing to make it whole. Emerson.

DUALIST Du"al*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dualiste.]

1. One who believes in dualism; a ditheist.

2. One who administers two offices. Fuller.

DUALISTIC Du`al*is"tic, a.

Defn: Consisting of two; pertaining to dualism or duality. Dualistic system or theory (Chem.), the theory, originated by Lavoisier and developed by Berzelius, that all definite compounds are binary in their nature, and consist of two distinct constituents, themselves simple or complex, and possessed of opposite chemical or electrical affinities.

DUALITY Du"al"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. dualitas: cf. F. dualité.]

Defn: The quality or condition of being two or twofold; dual character or usage.

DUAN Du"an, n. Etym: [Gael. & Ir.]

Defn: A division of a poem corresponding to a canto; a poem or song. [R.]

DUARCHY Du"ar*chy, n. Etym: [Gr. -archy.]

Defn: Government by two persons.

DUB Dub, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dubbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Dubbing.] Etym: [AS. dubban to strike, beat ("dubbade his sunu . . . to ridere." AS. Chron. an 1086); akin to Icel. dubba; cf. OF. adouber (prob. fr. Icel.) a chevalier, Icel. dubba til riddara.]

1. To confer knight.

Note: The conclusion of the ceremony was marked by a tap on the shoulder with the sword.

2. To invest with any dignity or new character; to entitle; to call. A man of wealth is dubbed a man of worth. Pope.

3. To clothe or invest; to ornament; to adorn. [Obs.] His diadem was dropped down Dubbed with stones. Morte d'Arthure.

4. To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab; as: (a) To dress with an adz; as, to dub a stick of timber smooth.

(b) To strike cloth with teasels to raise a nap. Halliwell. (c) To rub or dress with grease, as leather in the process of cyrrying it. Tomlinson. (d) To prepare for fighting, as a gamecock, by trimming the hackles and cutting off the comb and wattles. To dub a fly, to dress a fishing fly. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. -- To dub out (Plastering), to fill out, as an uneven surface, to a plane, or to carry out a series of small projections.

DUB Dub, v. i.

Defn: To make a noise by brisk drumbeats. "Now the drum dubs." Beau. & Fl.

DUB Dub, n.

Defn: A blow. [R.] Hudibras.

DUB Dub, n. Etym: [Cf. Ir. dób mire, stream, W. dwvr water.]

Defn: A pool or puddle. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

DUBB Dubb, n. Etym: [Ar.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Syrian bear. See under Bear. [Written also dhubb, and dub.]

DUBBER Dub"ber, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, dubs.

DUBBER Dub"ber, n. Etym: [Hind. dabbah.]

Defn: A globular vessel or bottle of leather, used in India to hold ghee, oil, etc. [Also written dupper.] M'Culloch.

DUBBING Dub"bing, n.

1. The act of dubbing, as a knight, etc.

2. The act of rubbing, smoothing, or dressing; a dressing off smooth with an adz.

3. A dressing of flour and water used by weavers; a mixture of oil and tallow for dressing leather; daubing.

4. The body substance of an angler's fly. Davy.

DUBIETY Du*bi"e*ty, n.; pl. Dubieties. Etym: [L. dubietas, fr. dubius. See Dubious.]

Defn: Doubtfulness; uncertainty; doubt. [R.] Lamb. "The dubiety of his fate." Sir W. Scott.

DUBIOSITY Du`bi*os"i*ty, n.; pl. Dubiosities. Etym: [L. dubiosus.]

Defn: The state of being doubtful; a doubtful statement or thing. [R.] Men often swallow falsities for truths, dubiosities for certainties, possibilities for feasibilities. Sir T. Browne.

DUBIOUS Du"bi*ous, a. Etym: [L. dubius, dubiosus, fr. duo two. See Two, and cf. Doubt.]

1. Doubtful or not settled in opinion; being in doubt; wavering or fluctuating; undetermined. "Dubious policy." Sir T. Scott. A dubious, agitated state of mind. Thackeray.

2. Occasioning doubt; not clear, or obvious; equivocal; questionable; doubtful; as, a dubious answer. Wiping the dingy shirt with a still more dubious pocket handkerchief. Thackeray.

3. Of uncertain event or issue; as, in dubious battle.

Syn. -- Doubtful; doubting; unsettled; undetermined; equivocal; uncertain. Cf. Doubtful.

DUBIOUSLY Du"bi*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dubious manner.

DUBIOUSNESS Du"bi*ous*ness, n.

Defn: State of being dubious.

DUBITABLE Du"bi*ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. dubitabilis. Cf. Doubtable.]

Defn: Liable to be doubted; uncertain. [R.] Dr. H. More. -- Du"bi*ta*bly, adv. [R.]

DUBITANCY Du"bi*tan*cy, n. Etym: [LL. dubitantia.]

Defn: Doubt; uncertainty. [R.] Hammond.

DUBITATE Du"bi*tate, v. i. Etym: [L. dubitatus, p. p. of dubitare. See Doubt.]

Defn: To doubt. [R.] If he . . . were to loiter dubitating, and not come. Carlyle.

DUBITATION Du`bi*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. dubitatio.]

Defn: Act of doubting; doubt. [R.] Sir T. Scott.

DUBITATIVE Du"bi*ta*tive, a. Etym: [L. dubitativus: cf. F. dubitatif.]

Defn: Tending to doubt; doubtful. [R.] -- Du"bi*ta*tive*ly, adv. [R.] . Eliot.

DUBOISIA Du*bois"i*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: Same as Duboisine.

DUBOISINE Du*bois"ine, n. (Med.)

Defn: An alkaloid obtained from the leaves of an Australian tree (Duboisia myoporoides), and regarded as identical with hyoscyamine. It produces dilation of the pupil of the eye.

DUCAL Du"cal, a. Etym: [F. ducal. See Duke.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a duke. His ducal cap was to be exchanged for a kingly crown. Motley.

DUCALLY Du"cal*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a duke, or in a manner becoming the rank of a duke.

DUCAT Duc"at, n. Etym: [F. ducat, It. ducato, LL. ducatus, fr. dux leader or commander. See Duke.]

Defn: A coin, either of gold or silver, of several countries in Europe; originally, one struck in the dominions of a duke.

Note: The gold ducat is generally of the value of nine shillings and four pence sterling, or somewhat more that two dollars. The silver ducat is of about half this value.

DUCATOON Duc`a*toon", n. Etym: [F. or Sp. ducaton, fr. ducat.]

Defn: A silver coin of several countries of Europe, and of different values.

DUCES TECUM Du"ces te"cum. Etym: [L., bring with thee.]

Defn: A judicial process commanding a person to appear in court and bring with him some piece of evidence or other thing to be produced to the court.

DUCHESS Duch"ess, n. Etym: [F. duchesse, fr. duc duke.]

Defn: The wife or widow of a duke; also, a lady who has the sovereignty of a duchy in her own right.

DUCHESSE D'ANGOULEME Du`chesse" d'An`gou`lême". Etym: [F.] (Bot.)

Defn: A variety of pear of large size and excellent flavor.

DUCHESSE LACE Du`chesse" lace.

Defn: A beautiful variety of Brussels pillow lace made originally in Belgium and resembling Honiton guipure. It is worked with fine thread in large sprays, usually of the primrose pattern, with much raised work.

DUCHY Duch"y, n.; pl. Duchies. Etym: [F. duché, OF. duchée, (assumed) LL. ducitas, fr. L. dux. See Duke.]

Defn: The territory or dominions of a duke; a dukedom.

DUCK Duck, n. Etym: [Cf. Dan. dukke, Sw. docka, OHG. doccha, G. docke. Cf. Doxy.]

Defn: A pet; a darling. Shak.

DUCK Duck, n. Etym: [D. doek cloth, canvas, or Icel. d cloth; akin to OHG. tuoh, G. tuch, Sw. duk, Dan. dug.]

1. A linen (or sometimes cotton) fabric, finer and lighter than canvas, -- used for the lighter sails of vessels, the sacking of beds, and sometimes for men's clothing.

2. (Naut.) pl.

Defn: The light clothes worn by sailors in hot climates. [Colloq.]

DUCK Duck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ducked; p. pr. & vb. n. Ducking.] Etym: [OE. duken, douken, to dive; akin to D. duiken, OHG. t, MHG. tucken, tücken, t, G. tuchen. Cf. 5th Duck.]

1. To thrust or plunge under water or other liquid and suddenly withdraw. Adams, after ducking the squire twice or thrice, leaped out of the tub. Fielding.

2. To plunge the head of under water, immediately withdrawing it; as, duck the boy.

3. To bow; to bob down; to move quickly with a downward motion. " Will duck his head aside. Swift.

DUCK Duck, v. i.

1. To go under the surface of water and immediately reappear; to dive; to plunge the head in water or other liquid; to dip. In Tiber ducking thrice by break of day. Dryden.

2. To drop the head or person suddenly; to bow. The learned pate Ducks to the golden fool. Shak.

DUCK Duck, n. Etym: [OE. duke, doke. See Duck, v. t. ]

1. (Zool.)

Defn: Any bird of the subfamily Anatinæ, family Anatidæ.

Note: The genera and species are numerous. They are divided into river ducks and sea ducks. Among the former are the common domestic duck (Anas boschas); the wood duck (Aix sponsa); the beautiful mandarin duck of China (Dendronessa galeriliculata); the Muscovy duck, originally of South America (Cairina moschata). Among the sea ducks are the eider, canvasback, scoter, etc.

2. A sudden inclination of the bead or dropping of the person, resembling the motion of a duck in water. Here be, without duck or nod, Other trippings to be trod. Milton. Bombay duck (Zoöl.), a fish. See Bummalo. -- Buffel duck, or Spirit duck. See Buffel duck. -- Duck ant (Zoöl.), a species of white ant in Jamaica which builds large nests in trees. -- Duck barnacle. (Zoöl.) See Goose barnacle. -- Duck hawk. (Zoöl.) (a) In the United States: The peregrine falcon. (b) In England: The marsh harrier or moor buzzard. -- Duck mole (Zoöl.), a small aquatic mammal of Australia, having webbed feet and a bill resembling that of a duck (Ornithorhynchus anatinus). It belongs the subclass Monotremata and is remarkable for laying eggs like a bird or reptile; -- called also duckbill, platypus, mallangong, mullingong, tambreet, and water mole. -- To make ducks and drakes, to throw a flat stone obliquely, so as to make it rebound repeatedly from the surface of the water, raising a succession of jets; hence: To play at ducks and drakes, with property, to throw it away heedlessly or squander it foolishly and unprofitably. -- Lame duck. See under Lame.

DUCKBILL Duck"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Duck mole, under Duck, n.

DUCK-BILLED Duck"-billed`, a.

Defn: Having a bill like that of a duck..

DUCKER Duck"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, ducks; a plunger; a diver.

2. A cringing, servile person; a fawner.

DUCKING Duck"ing, n. & a.

Defn: , from Duck, v. t. & i. Ducking stool, a stool or chair in which common scolds were formerly tied, and plunged into water, as a punishment. See Cucking stool. The practice of ducking began in the latter part of the 15th century, and prevailed until the early part of the 18th, and occasionally as late as the 19th century. Blackstone. Chambers.

DUCK-LEGGED Duck"-legged`, a.

Defn: Having short legs, like a waddling duck; short-legged. Dryden.

DUCKLING Duck"ling, n.

Defn: A young or little duck. Gay.

DUCKMEAT; DUCK'S-MEAT Duck"meat`, or Duck's"-meat`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Duckweed.

DUCK'S-BILL Duck's"-bill`, a.

Defn: Having the form of a duck's bill. Duck's-bill limpet (Zoöl.), a limpet of the genus Parmaphorus; -- so named from its shape.

DUCK'S-FOOT Duck's"-foot`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The May apple (Podophyllum peltatum).

DUCKWEED Duck"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus (Lemna) of small plants, seen floating in great quantity on the surface of stagnant pools fresh water, and supposed to furnish food for ducks; -- called also duckmeat.

DUCT Duct, n. Etym: [L. ductus a leading, conducting, conduit, fr. ducere, ductum, to lead. See Duke, and cf. Douche.]

1. Any tube or canal by which a fluid or other substance is conducted or conveyed.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the vessels of an animal body by which the products of glandular secretion are conveyed to their destination.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A large, elongated cell, either round or prismatic, usually found associated with woody fiber.

Note: Ducts are classified, according to the character of the surface of their walls, or their structure, as annular, spiral, scalariform, etc.

4. Guidance; direction. [Obs.] Hammond.

DUCTIBLE Duc"ti*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being drawn out [R.] Feltham.

DUCTILE Duc"tile, a. Etym: [L. ductilis, fr. ducere to lead: cf. F. ductile. See Duct.]

1. Easily led; tractable; complying; yielding to motives, persuasion, or instruction; as, a ductile people. Addison. Forms their ductile minds To human virtues. Philips.

2. Capable of being elongated or drawn out, as into wire or threads. Gold . . . is the softest and most ductile of all metals. Dryden. -- Duc"tile*ly, adv. -- Duc"tile*ness, n.

DUCTILIMETER Duc`ti*lim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Ductile + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for accurately determining the ductility of metals.

DUCTILITY Duc*til"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ductilité.]

1. The property of a metal which allows it to be drawn into wires or filaments.

2. Tractableness; pliableness. South.

DUCTION Duc"tion, n. Etym: [L. ductio, fr. ducere to lead.]

Defn: Guidance. [Obs.] Feltham.

DUCTLESS Duct"less, a.

Defn: Having to duct or outlet; as, a ductless gland.

DUCTOR Duc"tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. ducere to lead.]

1. One who leads. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A contrivance for removing superfluous ink or coloring matter from a roller. See Doctor, 4. Knight. Ductor roller (Printing), the roller which conveys or supplies ink to another roller. Knight.

DUCTURE Duc"ture, n.

Defn: Guidance. [Obs.] South.

DUDDER Dud"der, v. t. Etym: [In Suffolk, Eng., to shiver, shake, tremble; also written dodder.]

Defn: To confuse or confound with noise. Jennings.

DUDDER Dud"der, v. i.

Defn: To shiver or tremble; to dodder. I dudder and shake like an aspen leaf. Ford.

DUDDER Dud"der, n. Etym: [From Duds.]

Defn: A peddler or hawker, especially of cheap and flashy goods pretended to be smuggled; a duffer. [Eng.]

DUDDERY Dud"der*y, n.

Defn: A place where rags are bought and kept for sale. [Eng.]

DUDE Dude, n.

Defn: A kind of dandy; especially, one characterized by an ultrafashionable style of dress and other affectations. [Recent] The social dude who affects English dress and English drawl. The American.

DUDEEN Du*deen", n.

Defn: A short tobacco pipe. [Written also dudheen.] [Irish]

DUDGEON Dudg"eon, n.

1. The root of the box tree, of which hafts for daggers were made. Gerarde (1597).

2. The haft of a dagger. Shak.

3. A dudgeon-hafted dagger; a dagger. Hudibras.

DUDGEON Dudg"eon, n. Etym: [W. dygen anger, grudge.]

Defn: Resentment; ill will; anger; displeasure. I drink it to thee in dudgeon and hostility. Sir T. Scott.

DUDGEON Dudg"eon, a.

Defn: Homely; rude; coarse. [Obs.] By my troth, though I am plain and dudgeon, I would not be an ass. Beau. & Fl.

DUDISH Dud"ish, a.

Defn: Like, or characterized of, a dude.

DUDS Duds, n. pl. Etym: [Scot. dud rag, pl. duds clothing of inferior quality.]

1. Old or inferior clothes; tattered garments. [Colloq.]

2. Effects, in general.[Slang]

DUE Due, a. Etym: [OF. deu, F. dû, p. p. of devoir to owe, fr. L. debere. See Debt, Habit, and cf. Duty.]

1. Owed, as a debt; that ought to be paid or done to or for another; payable; owing and demandable.

2. Justly claimed as a right or property; proper; suitable; becoming; appropriate; fit. Her obedience, which is due to me. Shak. With dirges due, in sad array, Slow through the churchway path we saw him borne. Gray.

3. Such as (a thing) ought to be; fulfilling obligation; proper; lawful; regular; appointed; sufficient; exact; as, due process of law; due service; in due time.

4. Appointed or required to arrive at a given time; as, the steamer was due yesterday.

5. Owing; ascribable, as to a cause. This effect is due to the attraction of the sun. J. D. Forbes.

DUE Due, adv.

Defn: Directly; exactly; as, a due east course.

DUE Due, n.

1. That which is owed; debt; that which one contracts to pay, or do, to or for another; that which belongs or may be claimed as a right; whatever custom, law, or morality requires to be done; a fee; a toll. He will give the devil his due. Shak. Yearly little dues of wheat, and wine, and oil. Tennyson.

2. Right; just title or claim. The key of this infernal pit by due . . . I keep. Milton.

DUE Due, v. t.

Defn: To endue. [Obs.] Shak.

DUEBILL Due"bill`, n. (Com.)

Defn: A brief written acknowledgment of a debt, not made payable to order, like a promissory note. Burrill.

DUEFUL Due"ful, a.

Defn: Fit; becoming. [Obs.] Spenser.

DUEL Du"el, n. Etym: [It. duello, fr. L. duellum, orig., a contest between two, which passed into the common form bellum war, fr. duo two: cf. F. duel. See Bellicose, Two, and cf. Duello.]

Defn: A combat between two persons, fought with deadly weapons, by agreement. It usually arises from an injury done or an affront given by one to the other. Trial by duel (Old Law), a combat between two persons for proving a cause; trial by battel.

DUEL Du"el, v. i. & t.

Defn: To fight in single combat. [Obs.]

DUELER Du"el*er, n.

Defn: One who engages in a duel. [R.] [Written also dueller.] South.

DUELING Du"el*ing, n.

Defn: e act or practice of fighting in single combat. Also adj. [Written also duelling.]

DUELIST Du"el*ist, n. Etym: [F. duelliste.]

Defn: One who fights in single combat. [Written also duellist.] A duelist . . . always values himself upon his courage, his sense of honor, his fidelity and friendship. Hume.

DUELO Du*e"lo, n. Etym: [It. See Duel.]

Defn: A duel; also, the rules of dueling. [Obs.] Shak.

DUENA; DUENYA Du*e"ña, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: See Doña.

DUENESS Due"ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being due; debt; what is due or becoming. T. Goodwin.

DUENNA Du*en"na, n.; pl. Duennas. Etym: [Sp. dueña, doña, fr. L. domina. See Dame.]

1. The chief lady in waiting on the queen of Spain. Brande.

2. An elderly lady holding a station between a governess and companion, and appointed to have charge over the younger ladies in a Spanish or a Portuguese family. Brande & C.

3. Any old woman who is employed to guard a younger one; a governess. Arbuthnot.

DUET Du*et", n. Etym: [Duetto.] (Mus.)

Defn: A composition for two performers, whether vocal or instrumental.

DUETTINO Du`et*ti"no, n. Etym: [It ., dim. fr. duetto a duet.]

Defn: A duet of short extent and concise form.

DUETTO Du*et"to, n. Etym: [It., fr. It & L. duo two. See Two.]

Defn: See Duet.

DUFF Duff, n. Etym: [From OE. dagh. . See Dough.]

1. Dough or paste. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. A stiff flour pudding, boiled in a bag; -- a term used especially by seamen; as, plum duff.

DUFFEL Duf"fel, n. Etym: [D. duffel, from Duffel, a town not far from Antwerp.]

Defn: A kind of coarse woolen cloth, having a thick nap or frieze. [Written also duffle.] Good duffel gray and flannel fine. Wordsworth.

DUFFEL BAG Duffel bag.

Defn: A sack to hold miscellaneous articles, as tools, supplies, or the like.

DUFFER Duf"fer, n.

1. A peddler or hawker, especially of cheap, flashy articles, as sham jewelry; hence, a sham or cheat. [Slang, Eng.] Halliwell.

2. A stupid, awkward, inefficient person.[Slang]

DUFFLE Duf"fle, n.

Defn: See Duffel.

DUFRENITE Du*fren"ite, n. Etym: [From Dufrénoy, a French geologist.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a blackish green color, commonly massive or in nodules. It is a hydrous phosphate of iron.

DUG Dug, n. Etym: [Akin to Sw. dägga to suckle (a child), Dan. dægge, and prob. to Goth. daddjan.

Defn: A teat, pap, or nipple; -- formerly that of a human mother, now that of a cow or other beast. With mother's dug between its lips. Shak.

DUG Dug, imp. & p. p.

Defn: of Dig.

DUGONG Du*gong", n. Etym: [Malayan d, or Javan. duyung.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An aquatic herbivorous mammal (Halicore dugong), of the order Sirenia, allied to the manatee, but with a bilobed tail. It inhabits the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, East Indies, and Australia. [Written also duyong.]

DUGOUT Dug"out`, n.

1. A canoe or boat dug out from a large log. [U.S.] A man stepped from his slender dugout. G. W. Cable.

2. A place dug out.

3. A house made partly in a hillside or slighter elevation. [Western U.S.] Bartlett.

DUGWAY Dug"way`, n.

Defn: A way or road dug through a hill, or sunk below the surface of the land. [U.S.]

DUKE Duke n. Etym: [F. duc, fr. L. dux, ducis, leader, commander, fr. ducere to lead; akin to AS. teón to draw; cf. AS. heretoga (here army) an army leader, general, G. herzog duke. See Tue, and cf. Doge, Duchess, Ducat, Duct, Adduce, Deduct.]

1. A leader; a chief; a prince. [Obs.] Hannibal, duke of Carthage. Sir T. Elyot. All were dukes once, who were "duces" -- captains or leaders of their people. Trench.

2. In England, one of the highest order of nobility after princes and princesses of the royal blood and the four archbishops of England and Ireland.

3. In some European countries, a sovereign prince, without the title of king. Duke's coronet. See Illust. of Coronet. -- To dine with Duke Humphrey, to go without dinner. See under Dine.

DUKE Duke, v. i.

Defn: To play the duke. [Poetic] Lord Angelo dukes it well in his absence. Shak.

DUKEDOM Duke"dom, n.

1. The territory of a duke.

2. The title or dignity of a duke. Shak.

DUKELING Duke"ling, n.

Defn: A little or insignificant duke. Ford.

DUKESHIP Duke"ship, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being a duke; also, the personality of a duke. Massinger.

DUKHOBORS; DUKHOBORTSY Du*kho*bors", Du*kho*bor"tsy, n. pl. [Russ. dukhobortsy spirit wrestlers; dukh spirit + bortsy wrestlers.]

Defn: A Russian religious sect founded about the middle of the 18th century at Kharkov. They believe that Christ was wholly human, but that his soul reappears from time to time in mortals. They accept the Ten Commandments and the "useful" portions of the Bible, but deny the need of rulers, priests, or churches, and have no confessions, icons, or marriage ceremonies. They are communistic, opposed to any violence, and unwilling to use the labor of animals. Driven out of Russia proper, many have emigrated to Cyprus and Canada. See Raskolnik, below.

DULCAMARA Dul`ca*ma"ra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. dulcis sweet + amarus bitter.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Solanum Dulcamara). See Bittersweet, n.,

3 (a).

DULCAMARIN Dul`ca*ma"rin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside extracted from the bittersweet (Solanum Dulcamara), as a yellow amorphous substance. It probably occasions the compound taste. See Bittersweet, 3(a).

DULCE Dulce, v. t.

Defn: To make sweet; to soothe. [Obs.]

DULCENESS Dulce"ness, n.

Defn: Sweetness. [Obs.] Bacon.

DULCET Dul"cet, a. Etym: [OF. doucet, dim. of dous sweet, F. doux, L. dulcis; akin to Gr. Doucet.]

1. Sweet to the taste; luscious. [Obs.] She tempers dulcet creams. Milton.

2. Sweet to the ear; melodious; harmonious. Their dainty lays and dulcet melody. Spenser.

DULCIANA Dul`ci*an"a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. dulcis sweet.] (Mus.)

Defn: A sweet-toned stop of an organ.

DULCIFICATION Dul`ci*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dulcification.]

Defn: The act of dulcifying or sweetening. Boyle.

DULCIFIED Dul"ci*fied, a.

Defn: Sweetened; mollified. Dulcified spirit or spirits, a compound of alcohol with mineral acids; as, dulcified spirits of niter.

DULCIFLUOUS Dul*cif"lu*ous, a. Etym: [L. dulcis sweet + fluere to flow.]

Defn: Flowing sweetly. [R.]

DULCIFY Dul"ci*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dulcified; p. pr. & vb. n. Dulcifying.] Etym: [L. dulcis sweet + -fy: cf. F. dulcifier.]

1. (Pharm.)

Defn: To sweeten; to free from acidity, saltness, or acrimony. Wiseman.

2. Fig. : To mollify; to sweeten; to please. As she . . . was further dulcified by her pipe of tobacco. Hawthorne.

DULCILOQUY Dul*cil"o*quy, n. Etym: [L. dulcis sweet + loqui to speak.]

Defn: A soft manner of speaking.

DULCIMER Dul"ci*mer, n. Etym: [It. dolcemele,r Sp. dulcemele, fr. L. dulcis sweet + melos song, melody, Gr. doulcemele. See Dulcet, and Melody.] (Mus.) (a) An instrument, having stretched metallic wires which are beaten with two light hammers held in the hands of the performer. (b) An ancient musical instrument in use among the Jews. Dan. iii. 5. It is supposed to be the same with the psaltery.

DULCINEA Dul*cin"e*a, n. Etym: [Sp., from Dulcinea del Toboso the mistress of the affections of Don Quixote.]

Defn: A mistress; a sweetheart. I must ever have some Dulcinea in my head. Sterne.

DULCINESS Dul"ci*ness, n.

Defn: See Dulceness. [Obs.]

DULCINO Dul*ci"no, n. (Mus.)

Defn: See Dolcino.

DULCITE Dul"cite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dulcite, fr. L. dulcis sweet.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white, sugarlike substance, C6H8.(OH)2, occurring naturally in a manna from Madagascar, and in certain plants, and produced artificially by the reduction of galactose and lactose or milk sugar.

DULCITUDE Dul"ci*tude, n. Etym: [L. dulcitudo, fr. dulcis sweet.

Defn: Sweetness. [R.] Cockeram.

DULCORATE Dul"co*rate, v. t. Etym: [L. dulcoratus, p. p. of dulcorare, fr. dulcor sweetness, fr. dulcis sweet.]

Defn: To sweeten; to make less acrimonious. [R.] Bacon.

DULCORATION Dul`co*ra"tion, n. Etym: [LL. dulcoratio.]

Defn: The act of sweetening. [R.] Bacon.

DULEDGE Du"ledge, n. (Mil.)

Defn: One of the dowels joining the ends of the fellies which form the circle of the wheel of a gun carriage. Wilhelm.

DULIA Du*li"a, n. Etym: [LL., fr. Gr. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: An inferior kind of veneration or worship, given to the angels and saints as the servants of God.

DULL Dull, a. [Compar. Duller; superl. Dullest.] Etym: [AS. dol foolish; akin to gedwelan to err, D. dol mad, dwalen to wander, err, G. toll mad, Goth. dwals foolish, stupid, cf. Gr. dhvr to cause to fall. Cf. Dolt, Dwale, Dwell, Fraud.]

1. Slow of understanding; wanting readiness of apprehension; stupid; doltish; blockish. "Dull at classical learning." Thackeray. She is not bred so dull but she can learn. Shak.

2. Slow in action; sluggish; unready; awkward. This people's heart is waxed gross, and their ears are dull of hearing. Matt. xiii. 15. O, help my weak wit and sharpen my dull tongue. Spenser.

3. Insensible; unfeeling. Think me not So dull a devil to forget the loss Of such a matchless wife. Beau. & Fl.

4. Not keen in edge or point; lacking sharpness; blunt. "Thy scythe is dull." Herbert.

5. Not bright or clear to the eye; wanting in liveliness of color or luster; not vivid; obscure; dim; as, a dull fire or lamp; a dull red or yellow; a dull mirror.

6. Heavy; gross; cloggy; insensible; spiritless; lifeless; inert. "The dull earth." Shak. As turning the logs will make a dull fire burn, so changes of study a dull brain. Longfellow.

7. Furnishing little delight, spirit, or variety; uninteresting; tedious; cheerless; gloomy; melancholy; depressing; as, a dull story or sermon; a dull occupation or period; hence, cloudy; overcast; as, a dull day. Along life's dullest, dreariest walk. Keble.

Syn. -- Lifeless; inanimate; dead; stupid; doltish; heavy; sluggish; sleepy; drowsy; gross; cheerless; tedious; irksome; dismal; dreary; clouded; tarnished; obtuse. See Lifeless.

DULL Dull, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Duller; p. pr. & vb. n. Dulling.]

1. To deprive of sharpness of edge or point. "This . . . dulled their swords." Bacon. Borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry. Shak.

2. To make dull, stupid, or sluggish; to stupefy, as the senses, the feelings, the perceptions, and the like. Those [drugs] she has Will stupefy and dull the sense a while. Shak. Use and custom have so dulled our eyes. Trench.

3. To render dim or obscure; to sully; to tarnish. "Dulls the mirror." Bacon.

4. To deprive of liveliness or activity; to render heavy; to make inert; to depress; to weary; to sadden. Attention of mind . . . wasted or dulled through continuance. Hooker.

DULL Dull, v. i.

Defn: To become dull or stupid. Rom. of R.

DULLARD Dull"ard, n. Etym: [Dull + -ard.]

Defn: A stupid person; a dunce. Shak. -- a.

Defn: Stupid. Bp. Hall.

DULL-BRAINED Dull"-brained`, a.

Defn: Stupid; doltish. Shak.

DULL-BROWED Dull"-browed`, a.

Defn: Having a gloomy look.

DULLER Dull"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, dulls.

DULL-EYED Dull"-eyed`, a.

Defn: Having eyes wanting brightness, liveliness, or vivacity. Shak.

DULLHEAD Dull"head`, n.

Defn: A blockhead; a dolt. Ascham.

DULLISH Dull"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat dull; uninteresting; tiresome. "A series of dullish verses." Prof. Wilson.

DULLNESS Dull"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being dull; slowness; stupidity; heaviness; drowsiness; bluntness; obtuseness; dimness; want of luster; want of vividness, or of brightness. [Written also dulness.] And gentle dullness ever loves a joke. Pope.

DULL-SIGHTED Dull"-sight`ed, a.

Defn: Having poor eyesight.

DULLSOME Dull"some, a.

Defn: Dull. [R.] Gataker.

DULL-WITTED Dull"-wit`ted, a.

Defn: Stupid.

DULLY Dul"ly, adv.

Defn: In a dull manner; stupidly; slowly; sluggishly; without life or spirit. Supinely calm and dully innocent. G. Lyttelton.

DULOCRACY Du*loc"ra*cy, n.

Defn: See Doulocracy.

DULSE Dulse, n. Etym: [Cf. Gael. duileasg; duille leaf + uisge water. Cf. Whisky.] (Bot.)

Defn: A seaweed of a reddish brown color, which is sometimes eaten, as in Scotland. The true dulse is Sarcophyllis edulis; the common is Rhodymenia. [Written also dillisk.] The crimson leaf of the dulse is seen To blush like a banner bathed in slaughter. Percival.

DULWILLY Dul"wil*ly, n. Etym: [Prob. imitative.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ring plover. [Prov. Eng.]

DULY Du"ly, adv.

Defn: In a due, fit, or becoming manner; as it (anything) ought to be; properly; regularly.

DUMAL Du"mal, a. Etym: [L. dumus bramble.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or set with, briers or bushes; brambly. [R.]

DUMB Dumb, a. Etym: [AS. dumb; akin to D. dom stupid, dumb, Sw. dumb, Goth. dumbs; cf. Gr. Deaf, and cf. Dummy.]

1. Destitute of the power of speech; unable; to utter articulate sounds; as, the dumb brutes. To unloose the very tongues even of dumb creatures. Hooker.

2. Not willing to speak; mute; silent; not speaking; not accompanied by words; as, dumb show. This spirit, dumb to us, will speak to him. Shak. To pierce into the dumb past. J. C. Shairp.

3. Lacking brightness or clearness, as a color. [R.] Her stern was painted of a dumb white or dun color. De Foe. Deaf and dumb. See Deaf-mute. -- Dumb ague, or Dumb chill, a form of intermittent fever which has no well-defined "chill." [U.S.] -- Dumb animal, any animal except man; -- usually restricted to a domestic quadruped; -- so called in contradistinction to man, who is a "speaking animal." -- Dumb cake, a cake made in silence by girls on St. Mark's eve, with certain mystic ceremonies, to discover their future husbands. Halliwell. -- Dumb cane (Bot.), a west Indian plant of the Arum family (Dieffenbachia seguina), which, when chewed, causes the tongue to swell, and destroys temporarily the power of speech. -- Dumb crambo. See under crambo. -- Dumb show. (a) Formerly, a part of a dramatic representation, shown in pantomime. "Inexplicable dumb shows and noise." Shak. (b) Signs and gestures without words; as, to tell a story in dumb show. -- To strike dumb, to confound; to astonish; to render silent by astonishment; or, it may be, to deprive of the power of speech.

Syn. -- Silent; speechless; noiseless. See Mute.

DUMB Dumb, v. t.

Defn: To put to silence. [Obs.] Shak.

DUMB-BELL Dumb"-bell`, n.

Defn: A weight, consisting of two spheres or spheroids, connected by a short bar for a handle; used (often in pairs) for gymnastic exercise.

DUMBLEDOR Dum"ble*dor`, n. Etym: [The first part is prob. of imitative origin. See Dor a beetle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bumblebee; also, a cockchafer. [Prov. Eng.]

DUMBLY Dumb"ly, adv.

Defn: In silence; mutely.

DUMBNESS Dumb"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being dumb; muteness; silence; inability to speak.

DUMB-WAITER Dumb"-wait`er, n.

Defn: A framework on which dishes, food, etc., are passed from one room or story of a house to another; a lift for dishes, etc.; also, a piece of furniture with movable or revolving shelves.

DUMDUM BULLET Dum"dum bul"let. (Mil.)

Defn: A kind of manstopping bullet; -- so named from Dumdum, in India, where bullets are manufactured for the Indian army.

DUMETOSE Du"me*tose`, a. Etym: [From L. dumetum a thicket.] (Bot.)

Defn: Dumose.

DUMFOUND Dum"found`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dumfounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Dumfounding.]

Defn: To strike dumb; to confuse with astonishment. [Written also dumbfound.] Spectator.

DUMFOUNDER Dum"found`er, v. t.

Defn: To dumfound; to confound. [Written also dumbfounder.]

DUMMADOR Dum"ma*dor`, n.

Defn: A dumbledor.

DUMMERER Dum"mer*er, n.

Defn: One who feigns dumbness. [Obs.] Burton.

DUMMY Dum"my, a. Etym: [See Dumb.]

1. Silent; mute; noiseless; as a dummy engine.

2. Fictitious or sham; feigned; as, a dummy watch. Dummy car. See under Car.

DUMMY Dum"my, n.; pl. Dummies (.

1. One who is dumb. H. Smith.

2. A sham package in a shop, or one which does not contain what its exterior indicates.

3. An imitation or copy of something, to be used as a substitute; a model; a lay figure; as, a figure on which clothing is exhibited in shop windows; a blank paper copy used to show the size of the future book, etc.

4. (Drama)

Defn: One who plays a merely nominal part in any action; a sham character.

5. A thick-witted person; a dolt. [Colloq.]

6. (Railroad)

Defn: A locomotive with condensing engines, and, hence, without the noise of escaping steam; also, a dummy car.

7. (Card Playing)

Defn: The fourth or exposed hand when three persons play at a four- handed game of cards.

8. A floating barge connected with a pier. Knight. To play dummy, to play the exposed or dummy hand in cards. The partner of the dummy plays it.

DUMOSE; DUMOUS Du`mose", Du"mous, a. Etym: [L. dumosus, fr. dumus a thornbush, a bramble.]

1. Abounding with bushes and briers.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a compact, bushy form.

DUMP Dump, n. Etym: [See Dumpling.]

Defn: A thick, ill-shapen piece; a clumsy leaden counter used by boys in playing chuck farthing. [Eng.] Smart.

DUMP Dump, n. Etym: [Cf. dial. Sw. dumpin melancholy, Dan.dump dull, low, D. dompig damp, G. dumpf damp, dull, gloomy, and E. damp, or rather perh. dump, v. t. Cf. Damp, or Dump, v. t.]

1. A dull, gloomy state of the mind; sadness; melancholy; low spirits; despondency; ill humor; -- now used only in the plural. March slowly on in solemn dump. Hudibras. Doleful dumps the mind oppress. Shak. I was musing in the midst of my dumps. Bunyan.

Note: The ludicrous associations now attached to this word did not originally belong to it. "Holland's translation of Livy represents the Romans as being `in the dumps' after the battle of Cannæ." Trench.

2. Absence of mind; revery. Locke.

3. A melancholy strain or tune in music; any tune. [Obs.] "Tune a deploring dump." "Play me some merry dump." Shak.

4. An old kind of dance. [Obs.] Nares.

DUMP Dump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dumped; p. pr. & vb. n. Dumping.] Etym: [OE. dumpen to throw down, fall down, cf. Icel. dumpa to thump, Dan. dumpe to fall suddenly, rush, dial. Sw. dimpa to fall down plump. Cf. Dump sadness.]

1. To knock heavily; to stump. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. To put or throw down with more or less of violence; hence, to unload from a cart by tilting it; as, to dump sand, coal, etc. [U.S.] Bartlett. Dumping car or cart, a railway car, or a cart, the body of which can be tilted to empty the contents; -- called also dump car, or dump cart.

DUMP Dump, n.

1. A car or boat for dumping refuse, etc.

2. A ground or place for dumping ashes, refuse, etc.

3. That which is dumped.

4. (Mining)

Defn: A pile of ore or rock.

DUMPAGE Dump"age, n.

1. The act of dumping loads from carts, especially loads of refuse matter; also, a heap of dumped matter.

2. A fee paid for the privilege of dumping loads.

DUMPINESS Dump"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being dumpy.

DUMPISH Dump"ish, a.

Defn: Dull; stupid; sad; moping; melancholy. " A . . . dumpish and sour life." Lord Herbert. -- Dump"ish*ly, adv. -- Dump"ish*ness, n.

DUMPLE Dum"ple, v. t. Etym: [See Dumpling.]

Defn: To make dumpy; to fold, or bend, as one part over another. [R.] He was a little man, dumpled up together. Sir W. Scott.

DUMPLING Dump"ling, n. Etym: [Dimin. of dump an illshapen piece; cf. D. dompelen to plunge, dip, duck, Scot. to dump in to plunge into, and E. dump, v. t.]

Defn: A roundish mass of dough boiled in soup, or as a sort of pudding; often, a cover of paste inclosing an apple or other fruit, and boiled or baked; as, an apple dumpling.

DUMPY Dump"y, a. [Compar. Dumpier; superl. Dumpiest.] Etym: [

1. From Dump a short ill-shapen piece.

2. From Dump sadness.]

1. Short and thick; of low stature and disproportionately stout.

2. Sullen or discontented. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

DUMPY LEVEL Dump"y lev"el. (Surv.)

Defn: A level having a short telescope (hence its name) rigidly fixed to a table capable only of rotatory movement in a horizontal plane. The telescope is usually an inverting one. It is sometimes called the Troughton level, from the name of the inventor, and a variety improved by one Gavatt is known as the Gavatt level.

DUN Dun, n. Etym: [See Dune.]

Defn: A mound or small hill.

DUN Dun, v. t.

Defn: To cure, as codfish, in a particular manner, by laying them, after salting, in a pile in a dark place, covered with salt grass or some like substance.

DUN Dun, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Dunned; p. pr. & vb. n. Dunning.] Etym: [AS. dyne noise, dynian to make a noise, or fr. Icel. dynr, duna, noise, thunder, duna to thunder; the same word as E. din. Din.]

Defn: To ask or beset, as a debtor, for payment; to urge importunately. Hath she sent so soon to dun Swift.

DUN Dun, n.

1. One who duns; a dunner. To be pulled by the sleeve by some rascally dun. Arbuthnot.

2. An urgent request or demand of payment; as, he sent his debtor a dun.

DUN Dun, a. Etym: [AS. dunn. of Celtic origin; cf. W. dwn, Ir. & Gael. donn.]

Defn: Of a dark color; of a color partaking of a brown and black; of a dull brown color; swarthy. Summer's dun cloud comes thundering up. Pierpont. Chill and dun Falls on the moor the brief November day. Keble. Dun crow (Zoöl.), the hooded crow; -- so called from its color; -- also called hoody, and hoddy. -- Dun diver (Zoöl.), the goosander or merganser.

DUNBIRD Dun"bird`, n. Etym: [Named from its color.] (Zoöl.) (a) The pochard; -- called also dunair, and dunker, or dun-curre. (b) An American duck; the ruddy duck.

DUNCE Dunce, n. Etym: [From Joannes Duns Scotus, a schoolman called the Subtle Doctor, who died in 1308. Originally in the phrase "a Duns man". See Note below.]

Defn: One backward in book learning; a child or other person dull or weak in intellect; a dullard; a dolt. I never knew this town without dunces of figure. Swift.

Note: The schoolmen were often called, after their great leader Duns Scotus, Dunsmen or Duncemen. In the revival of learning they were violently opposed to classical studies; hence, the name of Dunce was applied with scorn and contempt to an opposer of learning, or to one slow at learning, a dullard.

DUNCEDOM Dunce"dom, n.

Defn: The realm or domain of dunces. [Jocose] Carlyle.

DUNCERY Dun"cer*y, n.

Defn: Dullness; stupidity.

DUNCICAL Dun"ci*cal, a.

Defn: Like a dunce; duncish. The most dull and duncical commissioner. Fuller.

DUNCIFY Dun"ci*fy, v. t. Etym: [Dunce + -fy.]

Defn: To make stupid in intellect. [R.] Bp. Warburton.

DUNCISH Dun"cish, a.

Defn: Somewhat like a dunce. [R.] -- Dun"cish*ness, n. [R.]

DUNDER Dun"der, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. redundar to overflow.]

Defn: The lees or dregs of cane juice, used in the distillation of rum. [West Indies] The use of dunder in the making of rum answers the purpose of yeast in the fermentation of flour. B. Edwards.

DUNDERHEAD Dun"der*head`, n. Etym: [Prov. Eng. also dunderpoll, from dunder, same as thunder.]

Defn: A dunce; a numskull; a blockhead. Beau. & Fl.

DUNDER-HEADED Dun"der-head`ed, a.

Defn: Thick-headed; stupid.

DUNDERPATE Dun"der*pate`, n.

Defn: See Dunderhead.

DUNE Dune, n. Etym: [The same word as down: cf. D. duin. See Down a bank of sand.]

Defn: A low hill of drifting sand usually formed on the coats, but often carried far inland by the prevailing winds. [Written also dun.] Three great rivers, the Rhine, the Meuse, and the Scheldt, had deposited their slime for ages among the dunes or sand banks heaved up by the ocean around their mouths. Motley.

DUNFISH Dun"fish, n.

Defn: Codfish cured in a particular manner, so as to be of a superior quality.

DUNG Dung, n. Etym: [AS. dung; akin to G. dung, dünger, OHG. tunga, Sw. dynga; cf. Icel. dyngja heap, Dan. dynge, MHG. tunc underground dwelling place, orig., covered with dung. Cf. Dingy.]

Defn: The excrement of an animal. Bacon.

DUNG Dung, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dunged; p. pr. & vb. n. Dunging.]

1. To manure with dung. Dryden.

2. (Calico Print.)

Defn: To immerse or steep, as calico, in a bath of hot water containing cow dung; -- done to remove the superfluous mordant.

DUNG Dung, v. i.

Defn: To void excrement. Swift.

DUNGAREE Dun`ga*ree", n.

Defn: A coarse kind of unbleached cotton stuff. [Written also dungari.] [India]

DUNGEON Dun"geon, n. Etym: [OE. donjoun highest tower of a castle, tower, prison, F. donjon tower or platform in the midst of a castle, turret, or closet on the top of a house, a keep of a castle, LL. domnio, the same word as LL. dominus lord. See Dame, Don, and cf. Dominion, Domain, Demesne, Danger, Donjon.]

Defn: A close, dark prison, commondonjon or keep of a castle, these being used as prisons. Down with him even into the deep dungeon. Tyndale. Year after year he lay patiently in a dungeon. Macaulay.

DUNGEON Dun"geon, v. t.

Defn: To shut up in a dungeon. Bp. Hall.

DUNGFORK Dung"fork`, n.

Defn: A fork for tossing dung.

DUNGHILL Dung"hill`, n.

1. A heap of dung.

2. Any mean situation or condition; a vile abode. He . . . lifteth up the beggar from the dunghill. 1. Sam. ii. 8. Dunghill fowl, a domestic fowl of common breed.

DUNGMEER Dung"meer`, n. Etym: [Dung + (prob.) meer a pool.]

Defn: A pit where dung and weeds rot for manure.

DUNGY Dung"y, a.

Defn: Full of dung; filthy; vile; low. Shak.

DUNGYARD Dung"yard`, n.

Defn: A yard where dung is collected.

DUNKER Dun"ker, n. Etym: [G. tunken to dip.]

Defn: One of a religious denomination whose tenets and practices are mainly those of the Baptists, but partly those of the Quakers; -- called also Tunkers, Dunkards, Dippers, and, by themselves, Brethren, and German Baptists.

Note: The denomination was founded in Germany in 1708, but after a few years the members emigrated to the United States. Seventh-day Dunkers, a sect which separated from the Dunkers and formed a community, in 1728. They keep the seventh day or Saturday as the Sabbath.

DUNLIN Dun"lin, n. Etym: [Prob. of Celtic origin; cf. Gael. dun hill (E. dune), and linne pool, pond, lake, E. lin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of sandpiper (Tringa alpina); -- called also churr, dorbie, grass bird, and red-backed sandpiper. It is found both in Europe and America.

DUNNAGE Dun"nage, n. Etym: [Cf. Dun a mound.] (Naut.)

Defn: Fagots, boughs, or loose materials of any kind, laid on the bottom of the hold for the cargo to rest upon to prevent injury by water, or stowed among casks and other cargo to prevent their motion.

DUNNER Dun"ner, n. Etym: [From Dun to ask payment from.]

Defn: One employed in soliciting the payment of debts.

DUNNISH Dun"nish, a.

Defn: Inclined to a dun color. Ray.

DUNNOCK Dun"nock, n. Etym: [Cf. Dun,a.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hedge sparrow or hedge accentor. [Local, Eng.]

DUNNY Dun"ny, a.

Defn: Deaf; stupid.[Prov. Eng.] My old dame Joan is something dunny, and will scarce know how to manage. Sir W. Scott.

DUNT Dunt, n. Etym: [Dint.]

Defn: A blow. [Obs.] R. of Glouc.

DUNTED Dunt"ed, a.

Defn: Beaten; hence, blunted. [Obs.] Fencer's swords . . . having the edge dunted. Fuller.

DUNTER Dun"ter, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A porpoise. [Scott.] Dunter goose (Zoöl.) the eider duck. J. Brand.

DUO Du"o, n. Etym: [It. duo, fr. L. duo two. See Duet.] (Mus.)

Defn: A composition for two performers; a duet.

DUODECAHEDRAL; DUODECAHEDRON Du`o*dec`a*he"dral, a., Du`o*dec`a*he"dron (, n.

Defn: See Dodecahedral, and Dodecahedron.

DUODECENNIAL Du`o*de*cen"ni*al, a. Etym: [L. duodecennis; duodecim twelve + annus year.]

Defn: Consisting of twelve years. [R.] Ash.

DUODECIMAL Du`o*dec"i*mal, a. Etym: [L. duodecim twelve. See Dozen.]

Defn: Proceeding in computation by twelves; expressed in the scale of twelves. -- Du`o*dec"i*mal*ly, adv.

DUODECIMAL Du`o*dec"i*mal, n.

1. A twelfth part; as, the duodecimals of an inch.

2. pl. (Arch.)

Defn: A system of numbers, whose denominations rise in a scale of twelves, as of feet and inches. The system is used chiefly by artificers in computing the superficial and solid contents of their work.

DUODECIMFID Du`o*dec"im*fid, a. Etym: [L. duodecim twelve + findere to cleave.]

Defn: Divided into twelve parts.

DUODECIMO Du`o*dec"i*mo, a. Etym: [L. in duodecimo in twelfth, fr. duodecimus twelfth, fr. duodecim twelve. See Dozen.]

Defn: Having twelve leaves to a sheet; as, a duodecimo from, book, leaf, size, etc.

DUODECIMO Du*o*dec"i*mo, n.; pl. Duodecimos (.

Defn: A book consisting of sheets each of which is folded into twelve leaves; hence, indicating, more or less definitely, a size of a book; -- usually written 12mo or 12º.

DUODECUPLE Du`o*dec"u*ple, a. Etym: [L. duo two + decuple.]

Defn: Consisting of twelves. Arbuthnot.

DUODENAL Du`o*de"nal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. duodénal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the duodenum; as, duodenal digestion.

DUODENARY Du`o*den"a*ry, a. Etym: [L. duodenarius, fr. duodeni twelve each: cf. F. duodénaire.]

Defn: Containing twelve; twelvefold; increasing by twelves; duodecimal.

DUODENUM Du`o*de"num, n. Etym: [NL., fr. duodeni twelve each: cf. F. duodenum. So called because its length is about twelve fingers' breadth.] (Anat.)

Defn: The part of the small intestines between the stomach and the jejunum. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus, under Digestive.

DUOGRAPH Du"o*graph, n. [L. duo two + -graph.] (Photo-engraving)

Defn: A picture printed from two half-tone plates made with the screen set at different angles, and usually printed in two shades of the same color or in black and one tint.

DUOLITERAL Du`o*lit"er*al, a. Etym: [L. duo two + E. literal.]

Defn: Consisting of two letters only; biliteral. Stuart.

DUOMO Duo"mo, n. Etym: [It. See Done.]

Defn: A cathedral. See Dome, 2. Of tower or duomo, sunny sweet. Tennyson.

DUOTONE Du"o*tone, n. [L. duo two + tone.] (Photoengraving)

Defn: Any picture printed in two shades of the same color, as duotypes and duographs are usually printed.

DUOTYPE Du"o*type, n. [L. duo two + type.] (Photoengraving)

Defn: A print made from two half-tone plates made from the same negative, but etched differently.

DUP Dup, v. t. Etym: [Contr. fr. do up, that is, to lift up the latch. Cf. Don, Doff.]

Defn: To open; as, to dup the door. [Obs.] Shak.

DUPABLE Dup"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being duped.

DUPE Dupe, n. Etym: [F., prob. from Prov. F. dupe, dube; of unknown origin; equiv. to F. huppe hoopoe, a foolish bird, easily caught. Cf. Armor. houpérik hoopoe, a man easily deceived. Cf. also Gull, Booby.]

Defn: One who has been deceived or who is easily deceived; a gull; as, the dupe of a schemer.

DUPE Dupe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Duped; p. pr. & vb. n. Duping.] Etym: [Cf. F. duper, fr. dupe. See Dupe, n.]

Defn: To deceive; to trick; to mislead by imposing on one's credulity; to gull; as, dupe one by flattery. Ne'er have I duped him with base counterfeits. Coleridge.

DUPER Dup"er, n.

Defn: One who dupes another.

DUPERY Dup"er*y, n. Etym: [F. duperie, fr. duper.]

Defn: The act or practice of duping. [R.]

DUPION Du"pi*on, n. Etym: [F. doupion, It. doppione, fr. doppio double, L. duplus. See Double, and cf. Doubloon.]

Defn: A double cocoon, made by two silkworms.

DUPLE Du"ple, a. Etym: [L. duplus. See Double.]

Defn: Double. Duple ratio (Math.), that in which the antecedent term is double the consequent, as of 2 to 1, 8 to 4, etc.

DUPLEX Du"plex, a. Etym: [L., fr. duo two + plicare to fold. See Two, and Complex.]

Defn: Double; twofold. Duplex escapement, a peculiar kind of watch escapement, in which the scape-wheel has two sets of teeth. See Escapement. -- Duplex lathe, one for turning off, screwing, and surfacing, by means of two cutting tools, on opposite sides of the piece operated upon. -- Duplex pumping engine, a steam pump in which two steam cylinders are placed side by side, one operating the valves of the other. -- Duplex querela Etym: [L., double complaint] (Eccl. Law), a complaint in the nature of an appeal from the ordinary to his immediate superior, as from a bishop to an archbishop. Mozley & W. -- Duplex telegraphy, a system of telegraphy for sending two messages over the same wire simultaneously. -- Duplex watch, one with a duplex escapement.

DUPLICATE Du"pli*cate, a. Etym: [L. duplicatus, p. p. of duplicare to double, fr. duplex double, twofold. See Duplex.]

Defn: Double; twofold. Duplicate proportion or ratio (Math.), the proportion or ratio of squares. Thus, in geometrical proportion, the first term to the third is said to be in a duplicate ratio of the first to the second, or as its square is to the square of the second. Thus, in 2, 4, 8, 16, the ratio of 2 to 8 is a duplicate of that of 2 to 4, or as the square of 2 is to the square of 4.

DUPLICATE Du"pli*cate, n.

1. That which exactly resembles or corresponds to something else; another, correspondent to the first; hence, a copy; a transcript; a counterpart. I send a duplicate both of it and my last dispatch. Sir W. Temple.

2. (Law)

Defn: An original instrument repeated; a document which is the same as another in all essential particulars, and differing from a mere copy in having all the validity of an original. Burrill.

DUPLICATE Du"pli*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Duplicated; p. pr. & vb. n. Duplicating.]

1. To double; to fold; to render double.

2. To make a duplicate of (something); to make a copy or transcript of. Glanvill.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: To divide into two by natural growth or spontaneous action; as, infusoria duplicate themselves.

DUPLICATION Du`pli*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. duplicatio: cf. F. duplication.]

1. The act of duplicating, or the state of being duplicated; a doubling; a folding over; a fold.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: The act or process of dividing by natural growth or spontaneous action; as, the duplication of cartilage cells. Carpenter. Duplication of the cube (Math.), the operation of finding a cube having a volume which is double that of a given cube.

DUPLICATIVE Du"pli*ca*tive, a.

1. Having the quality of duplicating or doubling.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Having the quality of subdividing into two by natural growth. "Duplicative subdivision." Carpenter.

DUPLICATURE Du"pli*ca*ture, n. Etym: [Cf. F. duplicature.]

Defn: A doubling; a fold, as of a membrane.

DUPLICITY Du*plic"i*ty, n.; pl. Duplicities. Etym: [F. duplicité, L. duplicitas, fr. duplex double. See Duplex.]

1. Doubleness; a twofold state. [Archaic] Do not affect duplicities nor triplicities, nor any certain number of parts in your division of things. I. Watts.

2. Doubleness of heart or speech; insincerity; a sustained form of deception which consists in entertaining or pretending to entertain one of feelings, and acting as if influenced by another; bad faith. Far from the duplicity wickedly charged on him, he acted his part with alacrity and resolution. Burke.

3. (Law) (a) The use of two or more distinct allegations or answers, where one is sufficient. Blackstone. (b) In indictments, the union of two incompatible offenses. Wharton.

Syn. -- Double dealing; dissimulation; deceit; guile; deception; falsehood.

DUPPER Dup"per, n.

Defn: See 2d Dubber.

DUR Dur, a. Etym: [G., fr. L. durus hard, firm, vigorous.] (Mus.)

Defn: Major; in the major mode; as, C dur, that is, C major.

DURA Du"ra, n.

Defn: Short form for Dura mater.

DURABILITY Du`ra*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. durabilitas.]

Defn: The state or quality of being durable; the power of uninterrupted or long continuance in any condition; the power of resisting agents or influences which tend to cause changes, decay, or dissolution; lastingness. A Gothic cathedral raises ideas of grandeur in our minds by the size, its height, . . . its antiquity, and its durability. Blair.

DURABLE Du"ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. durabilis, fr. durare to last: cf. F. durable. See Dure.]

Defn: Able to endure or continue in a particular condition; lasting; not perishable or changeable; not wearing out or decaying soon; enduring; as, durable cloth; durable happiness. Riches and honor are with me; yea, durable riches and righteousness. Prov. viii. 18. An interest which from its object and grounds must be so durable. De Quincey.

Syn. -- Lasting; permanent; enduring; firm; stable; continuing; constant; persistent. See Lasting.

DURABLENESS Du"ra*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Power of lasting, enduring, or resisting; durability. The durableness of the metal that supports it. Addison.

DURABLY Du"ra*bly, adv.

Defn: In a lasting manner; with long continuance.

DURAL Du"ral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the dura, or dura mater.

DURA MATER Du"ra ma"ter. Etym: [L., lit., hard mother. The membrane was called mater, or mother, because it was formerly thought to give rise to every membrane of the body.] (Anat.)

Defn: The tough, fibrous membrane, which lines the cavity of the skull and spinal column, and surrounds the brain and spinal cord; -- frequently abbreviated to dura.

DURAMEN Du*ra"men, n. Etym: [L., hardness, a hardened, i. e., ligneous, vine branch, fr. durare to harden. See Dure.] (Bot.)

Defn: The heartwood of an exogenous tree.

DURANCE Dur"ance, n. Etym: [OF. durance duration, fr. L. durans, -antis, p. pr. durare to endure, last. See Dure, and cf. Durant.]

1. Continuance; duration. See Endurance. [Archaic] Of how short durance was this new-made state! Dryden.

2. Imprisonment; restraint of the person; custody by a jailer; duress. Shak. "Durance vile." Burns. In durance, exile, Bedlam or the mint. Pope.

3. (a) A stout cloth stuff, formerly made in imitation of buff leather and used for garments; a sort of tammy or everlasting. Where didst thou buy this buff let me not live but I will give thee a good suit of durance. J. Webster.

(b) In modern manufacture, a worsted of one color used for window blinds and similar purposes.

DURANCY Dur"an*cy, n.

Defn: Duration. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

DURANT Dur"ant, n. Etym: [F. durant, p. pr. of durer to last. Cf. Durance.]

Defn: See Durance, 3.

DURANTE Du*ran"te, prep. Etym: [L., abl. case of the p. pr. of durare to last.] (Law)

Defn: During; as, durante vita, during life; durante bene placito, during pleasure.

DURATION Du*ra"tion, n. Etym: [OF. duration. See Dure.]

Defn: The state or quality of lasting; continuance in time; the portion of time during which anything exists. It was proposed that the duration of Parliament should be limited. Macaulay. Soon shall have passed our own human duration. D. Webster.

DURATIVE Dur"a*tive, a.

Defn: Continuing; not completed; implying duration. Its durative tense, which expresses the thought of it as going on. J. Byrne.

DURBAR Dur"bar, n. Etym: [Hind. darbar, fr. Per dar house, court, hall of audience; dar door, gate + bar court, assembly.]

Defn: An audience hall; the court of a native prince; a state levee; a formal reception of native princes, given by the governor general of India. [India] [Written also darbar.]

DURE Dure, a. Etym: [L. durus; akin to Ir. & Gael. dur , stubborn, W. dir certain, sure, cf. Gr.

Defn: Hard; harsh; severe; rough; toilsome. [R.] The winter is severe, and life is dure and rude. W. H. Russell.

DURE Dure, v. i. Etym: [F. durer, L. durare to harden, be hardened, to endure, last, fr. durus hard. See Dure, a.]

Defn: To last; to continue; to endure. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh. Yet hath he not root in himself, but dureth for a while. Matt. xiii. 21.

DUREFUL Dure"ful, a.

Defn: Lasting. [Obs.] Spenser.

DURELESS Dure"less, a.

Defn: Not lasting. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

DURENE Du"rene, n. Etym: [L. durus hard; -- so called because solid at ordinary temperatures.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, crystalline, aromatic hydrocarbon, C6H2(CH3)4, off artificial production, with an odor like camphor.

DURESS Du"ress, n. Etym: [OF. duresse, du, hardship, severity, L. duritia, durities, fr. durus hard. See Dure.]

1. Hardship; constraint; pressure; imprisonment; restraint of liberty. The agreements . . . made with the landlords during the time of slavery, are only the effect of duress and force. Burke.

2. (Law)

Defn: The state of compulsion or necessity in which a person is influenced, whether by the unlawful restrain of his liberty or by actual or threatened physical violence, to incur a civil liability or to commit an offense.

DURESS Du*ress", v. t.

Defn: To subject to duress. "The party duressed." Bacon.

DURESSOR Du*ress"or, n. (Law)

Defn: One who subjects another to duress Bacon.

DURGA Dur"ga, n. (Myth.)

Defn: Same as Doorga.

DURHAM Dur"ham, n.

Defn: One or a breed of short-horned cattle, originating in the county of Durham, England. The Durham cattle are noted for their beef-producing quality.

DURIAN; DURION Du"ri*an, or Du"ri*on, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The fruit of the durio. It is oval or globular, and eight or ten inches long. It has a hard prickly rind, containing a soft, cream-colored pulp, of a most delicious flavor and a very offensive odor. The seeds are roasted and eaten like chestnuts.

DURING Dur"ing, prep. Etym: [Orig., p. pr. of dure.]

Defn: In the time of; as long as the action or existence of; as, during life; during the space of a year.

DURIO Du"ri*o, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Malay d thorn.] (Bot.)

Defn: A fruit tree (D. zibethinus, the only species known) of the Indian Archipelago. It bears the durian.

DURITY Du"ri*ty, n. Etym: [L. duritas, fr. durus hard.] [Obs.]

1. Hardness; firmness. Sir T. Browne.

2. Harshness; cruelty. Cockeram.

DUROMETER Du*rom"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. durus hard + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the degree of hardness; especially, an instrument for testing the relative hardness of steel rails and the like.

DUROUS Du"rous, a. Etym: [L. durus.]

Defn: Hard. [Obs. & R.]

DURRA Dur"ra, n. Etym: [Ar. dhorra.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of millet, cultivated throughout Asia, and introduced into the south of Europe; a variety of Sorghum vulgare; -- called also Indian millet, and Guinea corn. [Written also dhoorra, dhurra, doura, etc.]

DURST Durst, imp.

Defn: of Dare. See Dare, v. i.

DURUKULI Du`ru*ku"li, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, nocturnal, South American monkey (Nyctipthecus trivirgatus). [Written also douroucouli.]

DURYLIC Du*ryl"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, allied to, or derived from, durene; as, durylic acid.

DUSE Duse, n.

Defn: A demon or spirit. See Deuce.

DUSK Dusk, a. Etym: [OE. dusc, dosc, deosc; cf. dial. Sw. duska to drizzle, dusk a slight shower.

Defn: Tending to darkness or blackness; moderately dark or black; dusky. A pathless desert, dusk with horrid shades. Milton.

DUSK Dusk, n.

1. Imperfect obscurity; a middle degree between light and darkness; twilight; as, the dusk of the evening.

2. A darkish color. Whose duck set off the whiteness of the skin. Dryden.

DUSK Dusk, v. t.

Defn: To make dusk. [Archaic] After the sun is up, that shadow which dusketh the light of the moon must needs be under the earth. Holland.

DUSK Dusk, v. i.

Defn: To grow dusk. [R.] Chaucer.

DUSKEN Dusk"en, v. t.

Defn: To make dusk or obscure. [R.] Not utterly defaced, but only duskened. Nicolls.

DUSKILY Dusk"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dusky manner. Byron.

DUSKINESS Dusk"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being dusky.

DUSKISH Dusk"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat dusky. " Duskish smoke." Spenser. -- Dusk"ish*ly, adv. -- Dusk"ish*ness, n.

DUSKNESS Dusk"ness, n.

Defn: Duskiness. [R.] Sir T. Elyot.

DUSKY Dusk"y, a.

1. Partially dark or obscure; not luminous; dusk; as, a dusky valley. Through dusky lane and wrangling mart. Keble.

2. Tending to blackness in color; partially black; dark-colored; not bright; as, a dusky brown. Bacon. When Jove in dusky clouds involves the sky. Dryden. The figure of that first ancestor invested by family tradition with a dim and dusky grandeur. Hawthorne.

3. Gloomy; sad; melancholy. This dusky scene of horror, this melancholy prospect. Bentley.

4. Intellectually clouded. Though dusky wits dare scorn astrology. Sir P. Sidney.

DUST Dust, n. Etym: [AS. dust; cf. LG. dust, D. duist meal dust, OD. doest, donst, and G. dunst vapor, OHG. tunist, dunist, a blowing, wind, Icel. dust dust, Dan. dyst mill dust; perh. akin to L. fumus smoke, E. fume. .]

1. Fine, dry particles of earth or other matter, so comminuted that they may be raised and wafted by the wind; that which is crumbled too minute portions; fine powder; as, clouds of dust; bone dust. Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return. Gen. iii. 19. Stop! -- for thy tread is on an empire's dust. Byron.

2. A single particle of earth or other matter. [R.] "To touch a dust of England's ground." Shak.

3. The earth, as the resting place of the dead. For now shall sleep in the dust. Job vii. 21.

4. The earthy remains of bodies once alive; the remains of the human body. And you may carve a shrine about my dust. Tennyson.

5. Figuratively, a worthless thing. And by the merit of vile gold, dross, dust. Shak.

6. Figuratively, a low or mean condition. [God] raiseth up the poor out of the dust. 1 Sam. ii. 8.

7. Gold dust; hence: (Slang)

Defn: Coined money; cash. Down with the dust, deposit the cash; pay down the money. [Slang] "My lord, quoth the king, presently deposit your hundred pounds in gold, or else no going hence all the days of your life. . . . The Abbot down with his dust, and glad he escaped so, returned to Reading." Fuller. -- Dust brand (Bot.), a fungous plant (Ustilago Carbo); -- called also smut. -- Gold dust, fine particles of gold, such as are obtained in placer mining; -- often used as money, being transferred by weight. -- In dust and ashes. See under Ashes. -- To bite the dust. See under Bite, v. t. -- To raise, or kick up, dust, to make a commotion. [Colloq.] -- To throw dust in one's eyes, to mislead; to deceive. [Colloq.]

DUST Dust, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dusted; p. pr. & vb. n. Dusting.]

1. To free from dust; to brush, wipe, or sweep away dust from; as, to dust a table or a floor.

2. To sprinkle with dust.

3. To reduce to a fine powder; to levigate. Sprat. To dyst one's jacket, to give one a flogging. [Slang.]

DUSTBRUSH Dust"brush`, n.

Defn: A brush of feathers, bristles, or hair, for removing dust from furniture.

DUSTER Dust"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, dusts; a utensil that frees from dust. Specifically: (a) (Paper Making) A revolving wire-cloth cylinder which removes the dust from rags, etc. (b) (Milling)

Defn: A blowing machine for separating the flour from the bran.

2. A light over-garment, worn in traveling to protect the clothing from dust. [U.S.]

DUSTINESS Dust"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being dusty.

DUSTLESS Dust"less, a.

Defn: Without dust; as a dustless path.

DUSTMAN Dust"man, p.; pl. Dustmen (.

Defn: One whose employment is to remove dirt and defuse. Gay.

DUSTPAN Dust"pan, n.

Defn: A shovel-like utensil for conveying away dust brushed from the floor.

DUST-POINT Dust"-point`, n.

Defn: An old rural game. With any boy at dust-point they shall play. Peacham (1620).

DUSTY Dust"y, a. [Compar. Dustier; superl. Dustiest.] Etym: [AS. dystig. See Dust.]

1. Filled, covered, or sprinkled with dust; clouded with dust; as, a dusty table; also, reducing to dust. And all our yesterdays have lighted fools The way to dusty death. Shak.

2. Like dust; of the color of dust; as a dusty white. Dusty miller (Bot.), a plant (Cineraria maritima); -- so called because of the ashy-white coating of its leaves.

DUTCH Dutch, a. Etym: [D. duitsch German; or G. deutsch, orig., popular, national, OD. dietsc, MHG. diutsch, tiutsch, OHG. diutisk, fr. diot, diota, a people, a nation; akin to AS. peód, OS. thiod, thioda, Goth. piuda; cf. Lith. tauta land, OIr. tuath people, Oscan touto. The English have applied the name especially to the Germanic people living nearest them, the Hollanders. Cf. Derrick, Teutonic.]

Defn: Pertaining to Holland, or to its inhabitants. Dutch auction. See under Auction. -- Dutch cheese, a small, pound, hard cheese, made from skim milk. -- Dutch clinker, a kind of brick made in Holland. It is yellowish, very hard, and long and narrow in shape. -- Dutch clover (Bot.), common white clover (Trifolium repens), the seed of which was largely imported into England from Holland. -- Dutch concert, a so-called concert in which all the singers sing at the same time different songs. [Slang] -- Dutch courage, the courage of partial intoxication. [Slang] Marryat. -- Dutch door, a door divided into two parts, horizontally, so arranged that the lower part can be shut and fastened, while the upper part remains open. -- Dutch foil, Dutch leaf, or Dutch gold, a kind of brass rich in copper, rolled or beaten into thin sheets, used in Holland to ornament toys and paper; -- called also Dutch mineral, Dutch metal, brass foil, and bronze leaf. -- Dutch liquid (Chem.), a thin, colorless, volatile liquid, C2H4Cl2, of a sweetish taste and a pleasant ethereal odor, produced by the union of chlorine and ethylene or olefiant gas; -- called also Dutch oil. It is so called because discovered (in 1795) by an association of four Hollandish chemists. See Ethylene, and Olefiant. -- Dutch oven, a tin screen for baking before an open fire or kitchen range; also, in the United States, a shallow iron kettle for baking, with a cover to hold burning coals. -- Dutch pink, chalk, or whiting dyed yellow, and used in distemper, and for paper staining. etc. Weale. -- Dutch rush (Bot.), a species of horsetail rush or Equisetum (E. hyemale) having a rough, siliceous surface, and used for scouring and polishing; -- called also scouring rush, and shave grass. See Equisetum. -- Dutch tile, a glazed and painted ornamental tile, formerly much exported, and used in the jambs of chimneys and the like.

Note: Dutch was formerly used for German. Germany is slandered to have sent none to this war [the Crusades] at this first voyage; and that other pilgrims, passing through that country, were mocked by the Dutch, and called fools for their pains. Fuller.

DUTCH Dutch, n.

1. pl.

Defn: The people of Holland; Dutchmen.

2. The language spoken in Holland.

DUTCHMAN Dutch"man, n.; pl. Dutchmen (.

Defn: A native, or one of the people, of Holland. Dutchman's breeches (Bot.), a perennial American herb (Dicentra cucullaria), with peculiar double-spurred flowers. See Illust. of Dicentra. -- Dutchman's laudanum (Bot.), a West Indian passion flower (Passiflora Murucuja); also, its fruit. -- Dutchman's pipe (Bot.), an American twining shrub (Aristolochia Sipho). Its flowers have their calyx tubes curved like a tobacco pipe.

DUTEOUS Du"te*ous, a. Etym: [From Duty.]

1. Fulfilling duty; dutiful; having the sentiments due to a superior, or to one to whom respect or service is owed; obedient; as, a duteous son or daughter.

2. Subservient; obsequious. Duteous to the vices of thy mistress. Shak. -- Du"te*ous*ly, adv. -- Du"te*ous*ness, n.

DUTIABLE Du"ti*a*ble, a. Etym: [From Duty.]

Defn: Subject to the payment of a duty; as dutiable goods. [U.S.] All kinds of dutiable merchandise. Hawthorne.

DUTIED Du"tied, a.

Defn: Subjected to a duty. Ames.

DUTIFUL Du"ti*ful, a.

1. Performing, or ready to perform, the duties required by one who has the right to claim submission, obedience, or deference; submissive to natural or legal superiors; obedient, as to parents or superiors; as, a dutiful son or daughter; a dutiful ward or servant; a dutiful subject.

2. Controlled by, proceeding from, a sense of duty; respectful; deferential; as, dutiful affection.

Syn. -- Duteous; obedient; reverent; reverential; submissive; docile; respectful; compliant. -- Du"ti*ful*ly, adv. -- Du"ti*ful*ness, n.

DUTY Du"ty, n.; pl. Duties. Etym: [From Due.]

1. That which is due; payment. [Obs. as signifying a material thing.] When thou receivest money for thy labor or ware, thou receivest thy duty. Tyndale.

2. That which a person is bound by moral obligation to do, or refrain from doing; that which one ought to do; service morally obligatory. Forgetting his duty toward God, his sovereign lord, and his country. Hallam.

3. Hence, any assigned service or business; as, the duties of a policeman, or a soldier; to be on duty. With records sweet of duties done. Keble. To employ him on the hardest and most imperative duty. Hallam. Duty is a graver term than obligation. A duty hardly exists to do trivial things; but there may be an obligation to do them. C. J. Smith.

4. Specifically, obedience or submission due to parents and superiors. Shak.

5. Respect; reverence; regard; act of respect; homage. "My duty to you." Shak.

6. (Engin.)

Defn: The efficiency of an engine, especially a steam pumping engine, as measured by work done by a certain quantity of fuel; usually, the number of pounds of water lifted one foot by one bushel of coal (94 lbs. old standard), or by 1 cwt. (112 lbs., England, or 100 lbs., United States).

7. (Com.)

Defn: Tax, toll, impost, or customs; excise; any sum of money required by government to be paid on the importation, exportation, or consumption of goods.

Note: An impost on land or other real estate, and on the stock of farmers, is not called a duty, but a direct tax. [U.S.] Ad valorem duty, a duty which is graded according to the cost, or market value, of the article taxed. See Ad valorem. -- Specific duty, a duty of a specific sum assessed on an article without reference to its value or market. -- On duty, actually engaged in the performance of one's assigned task.

DUUMVIR Du*um"vir, n.; pl. E. Duumvirs, L. Duumviri. Etym: [L., fr. duo two + vir man.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: One of two Roman officers or magistrates united in the same public functions.

DUUMVIRAL Du*um"vi*ral, a. Etym: [L. duumviralis.]

Defn: Of or belonging to the duumviri or the duumvirate.

DUUMVIRATE Du*um"vi*rate, n. Etym: [L. duumviratus, fr. duumvir.]

Defn: The union of two men in the same office; or the office, dignity, or government of two men thus associated, as in ancient Rome.

DUX Dux, n. Etym: [L., leader.] (Mus.)

Defn: The scholastic name for the theme or subject of a fugue, the answer being called the comes, or companion.

DUYKERBOK Duy"ker*bok, n. Etym: [D. duiker diver + bok a buck, lit., diver buck. So named from its habit of diving suddenly into the bush.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small South African antelope (Cephalous mergens); -- called also impoon, and deloo.

DUYOUNG Du*young", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Dugong.

D VALVE D" valve`. (Mech.)

Defn: A kind of slide valve. See Slide valve, under Slide.

DVERGR Dver"gr, n.; pl. Dvergar. Etym: [See Dwarf.] (Scand. Myth.)

Defn: A dwarf supposed to dwell in rocks and hills and to be skillful in working metals.

DWALE Dwale, n. Etym: [OE. dwale, dwole, deception, deadly nightshade, AS. dwala, dwola, error, doubt; akin to E. dull. See Dull, a.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The deadly nightshade (Atropa Belladonna), having stupefying qualities.

2. (Her.)

Defn: The tincture sable or black when blazoned according to the fantastic system in which plants are substituted for the tinctures.

3. A sleeping potion; an opiate. Chaucer.

DWANG Dwang, n. Etym: [Cf. D. dwingen to force, compel.]

1. (Carp.)

Defn: A piece of wood set between two studs, posts, etc., to stiffen and support them.

2. (Mech.) (a) A kind of crowbar. (b) A large wrench. Knight.

DWARF Dwarf, n.; pl Dwarfs. Etym: [OE. dwergh, dwerf, dwarf, AS. dweorg, dweorh; akin to D. dwerg, MHG. twerc, G. zwerg, Icel. dvergr, Sw. & Dan. dverg; of unknown origin.]

Defn: An animal or plant which is much below the ordinary size of its species or kind; especially, a diminutive human being.

Note: During the Middle Ages dwarfs as well as fools shared the favor of courts and the nobility.

Note: Dwarf is used adjectively in reference to anything much below the usual or normal size; as, dwarf tree; dwarf honeysuckle. Dwarf elder (Bot.), danewort. -- Dwarf wall (Arch.), a low wall, not as high as the story of a building, often used as a garden wall or fence. Gwilt.

DWARF Dwarf, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dwarfed; p. pr. & vb. n. Dwarfing.]

Defn: To hinder from growing to the natural size; to make or keep small; to stunt. Addison. Even the most common moral ideas and affections . . . would be stunted and dwarfed, if cut off from a spiritual background. J. C. Shairp.

DWARF Dwarf, v. i.

Defn: To become small; to diminish in size. Strange power of the world that, the moment we enter it, our great conceptions dwarf. Beaconsfield.

DWARFISH Dwarf"ish, a.

Defn: Like a dwarf; below the common stature or size; very small; petty; as, a dwarfish animal, shrub. -- Dwarf"ish*ly, adv. -- Dwarf"ish*ness, n.

DWARFLING Dwarf"ling, n.

Defn: A diminutive dwarf.

DWARFY Dwarf"y, a.

Defn: Much undersized. [R.] Waterhouse.

DWAUL; DWAULE Dwaul, Dwaule, v. i. Etym: [See Dull, Dwell.]

Defn: To be delirious. [Obs.] Junius.

DWELL Dwell, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dwelled, usually contracted into Dwelt (p. pr. & vb. n. Dwelling.] Etym: [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dvæle to linger, and to E. dull. See Dull, and cf. Dwale.]

1. To delay; to linger. [Obs.]

2. To abide; to remain; to continue. I 'll rather dwell in my necessity. Shak. Thy soul was like a star and dwelt apart. Wordsworth.

3. To abide as a permanent resident, or for a time; to live in a place; to reside. The parish in which I was born, dwell, and have possessions. Peacham. The poor man dwells in a humble cottage near the hall where the lord of the domain resides. C. J. Smith. To dwell in, to abide in (a place); hence, to depend on. "My hopes in heaven to dwell." Shak. -- To dwell on or upon, to continue long on or in; to remain absorbed with; to stick to; to make much of; as, to dwell upon a subject; a singer dwells on a note. They stand at a distance, dwelling on his looks and language, fixed in amazement. Buckminster.

Syn. -- To inhabit; live; abide; sojourn; reside; continue; stay; rest.

DWELL Dwell, v. t.

Defn: To inhabit. [R.] Milton.

DWELLER Dwell"er, n.

Defn: An inhabitant; a resident; as, a cave dweller. "Dwellers at Jerusalem." Acts i. 19.

DWELLING Dwell"ing, n.

Defn: Habitation; place or house in which a person lives; abode; domicile. Hazor shall be a dwelling for dragons. Jer. xlix. 33. God will deign To visit oft the dwellings of just men. Milton. Philip's dwelling fronted on the street. Tennyson. Dwelling house, a house intended to be occupied as a residence, in distinction from a store, office, or other building. -- Dwelling place, place of residence.

DWELT Dwelt, imp. & p. p.

Defn: of Dwell.

DWINDLE Dwin"dle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dwindled; p. pr. & vb. n. Dwindling.] Etym: [From OE. dwinen to languish, waste away, AS. dwinan; akin to LG. dwinen, D. dwijnen to vanish, Icel. dvina to cease, dwindle, Sw. tvina; of uncertain origin. The suffix -le, preceded by d excrescent after n, is added to the root with a diminutive force.]

Defn: To diminish; to become less; to shrink; to waste or consume away; to become degenerate; to fall away. Weary sennights nine times nine Shall he dwindle, peak and pine. Shak. Religious societies, though begun with excellent intentions, are said to have dwindled into factious clubs. Swift.

DWINDLE Dwin"dle, v. t.

1. To make less; to bring low. Our drooping days are dwindled down to naught. Thomson.

2. To break; to disperse. [R.] Clarendon.

DWINDLE Dwin"dle, n.

Defn: The process of dwindling; dwindlement; decline; degeneracy. [R.] Johnson.

DWINDLEMENT Dwin"dle*ment, n.

Defn: The act or process of dwindling; a dwindling. [R.] Mrs. Oliphant.

DWINE Dwine, v. i. Etym: [See Dwindle.]

Defn: To waste away; to pine; to languish. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Gower.

DYAD Dy"ad, n. Etym: [L. dyas, dyadis, the number two. Gr. dyade. See two, and cf. Duad.]

1. Two units treated as one; a couple; a pair.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: An element, atom, or radical having a valence or combining power of two.

DYAD Dy"ad, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Having a valence or combining power of two; capable of being substituted for, combined with, or replaced by, two atoms of hydrogen; as, oxygen and calcium are dyad elements. See Valence.

DYADIC Dy*ad"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to the number two; of two parts or elements. Dyadic arithmetic, the same as binary arithmetic.

DYAKS Dy"aks, n. pl.

Defn: ; sing. Dyak. (Ethnol.) The aboriginal and most numerous inhabitants of Borneo. They are partially civilized, but retain many barbarous practices.

DYAS Dy"as, n. Etym: [L. dyas the number two.] (Geol.)

Defn: A name applied in Germany to the Permian formation, there consisting of two principal groups.

DYE Dye, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Dyeing.] Etym: [OE. deyan, dyen, AS. deágian.]

Defn: To stain; to color; to give a new and permanent color to, as by the application of dyestuffs. Cloth to be dyed of divers colors. Trench. The soul is dyed by its thoughts. Lubbock. To dye in the grain, To dye in the wool (Fig.), to dye firmly; to imbue thoroughly. He might truly be termed a legitimate son of the revenue system dyed in the wool. Hawthorne.

Syn. -- See Stain.

DYE Dye, n.

1. Color produced by dyeing.

2. Material used for dyeing; a dyestuff.

DYE Dye, n.

Defn: Same as Die, a lot. Spenser.

DYEHOUSE Dye"house`, n.

Defn: A building in which dyeing is carried on.

DYEING Dye"ing, n.

Defn: The process or art of fixing coloring matters permanently and uniformly in the fibers of wool, cotton, etc.

DYER Dy"er, n.

Defn: One whose occupation is to dye cloth and the like. Dyer's broom, Dyer's rocket, Dyer's weed. See Dyer's broom, under Broom.

DYESTUFF Dye"stuff`, n.

Defn: A material used for dyeing.

DYEWOOD Dye"wood`, n.

Defn: Any wood from which coloring matter is extracted for dyeing.

DYING Dy"ing, a.

1. In the act of dying; destined to death; mortal; perishable; as, dying bodies.

2. Of or pertaining to dying or death; as, dying bed; dying day; dying words; also, simulating a dying state.

DYING Dy"ing, n.

Defn: The act of expiring; passage from life to death; loss of life.

DYINGLY Dy"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dying manner; as if at the point of death. Beau. & Fl.

DYINGNESS Dy"ing*ness, n.

Defn: The state of dying or the stimulation of such a state; extreme languor; languishment. [R.] Tenderness becomes me best, a sort of dyingness; you see that picture, Foible, -- a swimmingness in the eyes; yes, I'll look so. Congreve.

DYKE Dyke, n.

Defn: See Dike. The spelling dyke is restricted by some to the geological meaning.

DYNACTINOMETER Dy*nac`ti*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. actinometer.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the intensity of the photogenic (light-producing) rays, and computing the power of object glasses.

DYNAM Dy"nam, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dyname. See Dynamic.]

Defn: A unit of measure for dynamical effect or work; a foot pound. See Foot pound. Whewell.

DYNAMETER Dy*nam"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. dynamètre. Cf. Dynamometer.]

1. A dynamometer.

2. (Opt.)

Defn: An instrument for determining the magnifying power of telescopes, consisting usually of a doubleimage micrometer applied to the eye end of a telescope for measuring accurately the diameter of the image of the object glass there formed; which measurement, compared with the actual diameter of the glass, gives the magnifying power.

DYNAMETRICAL Dy`na*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a dynameter.

DYNAMIC; DYNAMICAL Dy*nam"ic, Dy*nam"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. durus hard, E. dure: cf. F. dynamique.]

1. Of or pertaining to dynamics; belonging to energy or power; characterized by energy or production of force. Science, as well as history, has its past to show, -- a past indeed, much larger; but its immensity is dynamic, not divine. J. Martineau. The vowel is produced by phonetic, not by dynamic, causes. J. Peile.

2. Relating to physical forces, effects, or laws; as, dynamical geology. As natural science has become more dynamic, so has history. Prof. Shedd. Dynamical electricity. See under Electricity.

DYNAMICALLY Dy*nam"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In accordance with the principles of dynamics or moving forces. J. Peile.

DYNAMICS Dy*nam"ics, n.

1. That branch of mechanics which treats of the motion of bodies (kinematics) and the action of forces in producing or changing their motion (kinetics). Dynamics is held by some recent writers to include statics and not kinematics.

2. The moving moral, as well as physical, forces of any kind, or the laws which relate to them.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: That department of musical science which relates to, or treats of, the power of tones.

DYNAMISM Dy"na*mism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dynamisme. See Dynamics.]

Defn: The doctrine of Leibnitz, that all substance involves force.

DYNAMIST Dy"na*mist, n.

Defn: One who accounts for material phenomena by a theory of dynamics. Those who would resolve matter into centers of force may be said to constitute the school of dynamists. Ward (Dyn. Sociol. ).

DYNAMITARD Dy"na*mi`tard, n.

Defn: A political dynamiter.

Note: [A form found in some newspapers.]

DYNAMITE Dy"na*mite, n. Etym: [Gr. Dynamic.] (Chem.)

Defn: An explosive substance consisting of nitroglycerin absorbed by some inert, porous solid, as infusorial earth, sawdust, etc. It is safer than nitroglycerin, being less liable to explosion from moderate shocks, or from spontaneous decomposition.

DYNAMITER Dy"na*mi`ter, n.

Defn: One who uses dynamite; esp., one who uses it for the destruction of life and property.

DYNAMITING Dy"na*mi`ting, n.

Defn: Destroying by dynamite, for political ends. Dynamiting is not the American way. The Century.

DYNAMITISM Dy"na*mi`tism, n.

Defn: The work of dynamiters.

DYNAMIZATION Dy"na*mi*za`tion, Etym: [Gr. Dynamic.] (Homeop.)

Defn: The act of setting free the dynamic powers of a medicine, as by shaking the bottle containing it.

DYNAMO Dy"na*mo, n.

Defn: A dynamo-electric machine.

DYNAMO-ELECTRIC Dy`na*mo-e*lec"tric, a. Etym: [Gr. electric. See Dynamic.]

Defn: Pertaining to the development of electricity, especially electrical currents, by power; producing electricity or electrical currents by mechanical power.

DYNAMOGRAPH Dy*nam"o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph. See Dynamic.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A dynamometer to which is attached a device for automatically registering muscular power.

DYNAMOMETER Dy`na*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dynamomètre. See Dynameter.]

Defn: An apparatus for measuring force or power; especially, muscular effort of men or animals, or the power developed by a motor, or that required to operate machinery.

Note: It usually embodies a spring to be compressed or weight to be sustained by the force applied, combined with an index, or automatic recorder, to show the work performed.

DYNAMOMETRIC; DYNAMOMETRICAL Dy`na*mo*met"ric, Dy`na*mo*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Relating to a dynamometer, or to the measurement of force doing work; as, dynamometrical instruments.

DYNAMOMETRY Dy`na*mom"e*try, n.

Defn: The art or process of measuring forces doing work.

DYNAST Dy"nast, n. Etym: [L. dynastes, Gr. dynaste. See Dynamic.]

1. A ruler; a governor; a prince.

2. A dynasty; a government. [Obs.]

DYNASTA Dy*nas"ta, n. Etym: [NL. See Dynast.]

Defn: A tyrant. [Obs.] Milton.

DYNASTIC Dy*nas"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. dunastique.]

Defn: Of or relating to a dynasty or line of kings. Motley.

DYNASTICAL Dy*nas"tic*al, a.

Defn: Dynastic.

DYNASTIDAN Dy*nas"ti*dan, n. Etym: [Gr. Dynast. The name alludes to the immense size of some species.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a group of gigantic, horned beetles, including Dynastus Neptunus, and the Hercules beetle (D. Hercules) of tropical America, which grow to be six inches in length.

DYNASTY Dy"nas*ty, n.; pl. Dynasties. Etym: [Gr. dynastie dynasty. See Dynast.]

1. Sovereignty; lordship; dominion. Johnson.

2. A race or succession of kings, of the same line or family; the continued lordship of a race of rulers.

DYNE Dyne, n. Etym: [Formed fr. Gr. Dynamic.] (Physics)

Defn: The unit of force, in the C. G. S. (Centimeter Gram Second) system of physical units; that is, the force which, acting on a gram for a second, generates a velocity of a centimeter per second.

DYS- Dys-.

Defn: An inseparable prefix, fr. the Greek ill, bad, hard, difficult, and the like; cf. the prefixes, Skr. dus-, Goth. tuz-, OHG. zur-, G. zer-, AS. to-, Icel. tor-, Ir. do-.

DYSAESTHESIA Dys`æs*the"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Impairment of any of the senses, esp. of touch.

DYSCRASIA Dys*cra"si*a, n. Etym: [NL. dyscrasia, fr. Gr. dycrasie.] (Med.)

Defn: An ill habit or state of the constitution; -- formerly regarded as dependent on a morbid condition of the blood and humors.

DYSCRASITE Dys"cra*site, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral consisting of antimony and silver.

DYSCRASY Dys"cra*sy, n.; pl. Discrasies (.

Defn: Dycrasia. Sin is a cause of dycrasies and distempers. Jer. Taylor.

DYSENTERIC; DYSENTERICAL Dys`en*ter"ic, Dys`en*ter"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. dysentericus, Gr. dysentérigue.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to dysentery; having dysentery; as, a dysenteric patient. "Dysenteric symptoms." Copland.

DYSENTERY Dys"en*ter*y, n. Etym: [L. dysenteria, Gr. in: cf. F. dysenterie. See Dys, and In.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease attended with inflammation and ulceration of the colon and rectum, and characterized by griping pains, constant desire to evacuate the bowels, and the discharge of mucus and blood.

Note: When acute, dysentery is usually accompanied with high fevers. It occurs epidemically, and is believed to be communicable through the medium of the alvine discharges.

DYSGENESIC Dys`ge*nes"ic, a.

Defn: Not procreating or breeding freely; as, one race may be dysgenesic with respect to another. Darwin.

DYSGENESIS Dys*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Pref. dys- + genesis.] (Biol.)

Defn: A condition of not generating or breeding freely; infertility; a form homogenesis in which the hybrids are sterile among themselves, but are fertile with members of either parent race.

DYSLOGISTIC Dys`lo*gis"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Unfavorable; not commendatory; -- opposed to eulogistic. There is no course of conduct for which dyslogistic or eulogistic epithets may be found. J. F. Stephen. The paternity of dyslogistic -- no bantling, but now almost a centenarian -- is adjudged to that genius of common sense, Jeremy Bentham. Fitzed. Hall.

DYSLUITE Dys"lu*ite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of the zinc spinel or gahnite.

DYSLYSIN Dys"ly*sin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A resinous substance formed in the decomposition of cholic acid of bile; -- so called because it is difficult to solve.

DYSMENORRHEA Dys*men`or*rhe"a, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Difficult and painful menstruation.

DYSNOMY Dys"no*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Bad legislation; the enactment of bad laws. Cockeram.

DYSODILE Dys"o*dile, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: An impure earthy or coaly bitumen, which emits a highly fetid odor when burning.

DYSPEPSIA; DYSPEPSY Dys*pep"si*a, Dys*pep"sy,Etym: [L. dyspepsia, Gr. cook: cf. F. dyspepsie. See Dys-, and 3d Cook.] (Med.)

Defn: A kind of indigestion; a state of the stomach in which its functions are disturbed, without the presence of other diseases, or, if others are present, they are of minor importance. Its symptoms are loss of appetite, nausea, heartburn, acrid or fetid eructations, a sense of weight or fullness in the stomach, etc. Dunglison.

DYSPEPTIC; DYSPEPTICAL Dys*pep"tic, Dys*pep"tic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to dyspepsia; having dyspepsia; as, a dyspeptic or dyspeptical symptom.

DYSPEPTIC Dys*pep"tic, n.

Defn: A person afflicted with dyspepsia.

DYSPEPTONE Dys*pep"tone, n. Etym: [Pref. dys- + peptone.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: An insoluble albuminous body formed from casein and other proteid substances by the action of gastric juice. Meissner.

DYSPHAGIA; DYSPHAGY Dys*pha"gi*a, Dys"pha*gy, n. Etym: [NL. dysphagia, fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Difficulty in swallowing.

DYSPHONIA; DYSPHONY Dys*pho"ni*a, Dys"pho*ny, n. Etym: [NL. dysphonia, Gr. dysphonie.] (Med.)

Defn: A difficulty in producing vocal sounds; enfeebled or depraved voice.

DYSPHORIA Dys*pho"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. dysphorie.] (Med.)

Defn: Impatience under affliction; morbid restlessness; dissatisfaction; the fidgets.

DYSPNEA; DYSPNOEA Dysp*nea, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. dyspnée.] (Med.)

Defn: Difficulty of breathing.

DYSPNOIC Dysp*no"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Affected with shortness of breath; relating to dyspn

DYSPROSIUM Dys*pro"si*um, n. [NL., fr. Gr. dyspro`sitos hard to get at.] (Chem.)

Defn: An element of the rare earth-group. Symbol Dy; at. wt., 162.5.

DYSTELEOLOGY Dys*te`le*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Pref. dys- + teleology.] (Biol.)

Defn: The doctrine of purposelessness; a term applied by Haeckel to that branch of physiology which treats of rudimentary organs, in view of their being useless to the life of the organism. To the doctrine of dysteleology, or the denial of final causes, a proof of the real existence of such a thing as instinct must necessarily be fatal. Word (Dynamic Sociology).

DYSTOCIA Dys*to"ci*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Difficult delivery pr parturition.

DYSTOME Dys"tome, a. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Cleaving with difficulty.

Note: Datolite was called dystome spar by Mohs.

DYSURIA; DYSURY Dys*u"ri*a, Dys"u*ry, n. Etym: [L. dysuria, Gr. dysurie.] (Med.)

Defn: Difficult or painful discharge of urine.

DYSURIC Dys*u"ric, a. Etym: [Gr. dysurique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or afflicted with, dysury.

DZEREN; DZERON Dze"ren, Dze"ron, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Chinese yellow antelope (Procapra gutturosa), a remarkably swift-footed animal, inhabiting the deserts of Central Asia, Thibet, and China.

DZIGGETAI Dzig"ge*tai, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The kiang, a wild horse or wild ass of Thibet (Asinus hemionus).

Note: The name is sometimes applied also to the koulan or onager. See Koulan.

E

1. The fifth letter of the English alphabet.

Note: It derives its form, name, and value from the Latin, the form and value being further derived from the Greek, into which it came from the Phoenician, and ultimately, probably, from the Egyptian. Its etymological relations are closest with the vowels i, a, and o, as illustrated by to fall, to fell; man, pl. men; drink, drank, drench; dint, dent; doom, deem; goose, pl. geese; beef, OF. boef, L. bos; and E. cheer, OF. chiere, LL. cara.

Note: The letter e has in English several vowel sounds, the two principal being its long or name sound, as in eve, me, and the short, as in end, best. Usually at the end of words it is silent, but serves to indicate that the preceding vowel has its long sound, where otherwise it would be short, as in mane, as in cane, m, which without the final e would be pronounced m, c, m. After c and g, the final e indicates that these letters are to be pronounced as s and j; respectively, as in lace, rage. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 74-97.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: E is the third tone of the model diatonic scale. E (E flat) is a tone which is intermediate between D and E.

E- E-.

Defn: A Latin prefix meaning out, out of, from; also, without. See Ex-.

EACH Each, a. or a. pron. Etym: [OE. eche, ælc, elk, ilk, AS. ælc; a always + gelic like; akin to OD. ieg, OHG. , MHG. iegelich. Aye, Like, and cf. Either, Every, Ilk.]

1. Every one of the two or more individuals composing a number of objects, considered separately from the rest. It is used either with or without a following noun; as, each of you or each one of you. "Each of the combatants." Fielding.

Note: To each corresponds other. "Let each esteem other better than himself." Each other, used elliptically for each the other. It is our duty to assist each other; that is, it is our duty, each to assist the other, each being in the nominative and other in the objective case. It is a bad thing that men should hate each other; but it is far worse that they should contract the habit of cutting one another's throats without hatred. Macaulay. Let each His adamantine coat gird well. Milton. In each cheek appears a pretty dimple. Shak. Then draw we nearer day by day, Each to his brethren, all to God. Keble. The oak and the elm have each a distinct character. Gilpin.

2. Every; -- sometimes used interchangeably with every. Shak. I know each lane and every alley green. Milton. In short each man's happiness depends upon himself. Sterne.

Note: This use of each for every, though common in Scotland and in America, is now un-English. Fitzed. Hall.

Syn. -- See Every.

EACHWHERE Each"where`, adv.

Defn: Everywhere. [Obs.] The sky eachwhere did show full bright and fair. Spenser.

EADISH Ead"ish, n.

Defn: See Eddish.

EAGER Ea"ger, a. Etym: [OE. egre sharp, sour, eager, OF. agre, aigre, F. aigre, fr. L. acer sharp, sour, spirited, zealous; akin to Gr. a point; fr. a root signifying to be sharp. Cf. Acrid, Edge.]

1. Sharp; sour; acid. [Obs.] "Like eager droppings into milk." Shak.

2. Sharp; keen; bitter; severe. [Obs.] "A nipping and an eager air." "Eager words." Shak.

3. Excited by desire in the pursuit of any object; ardent to pursue, perform, or obtain; keenly desirous; hotly longing; earnest; zealous; impetuous; vehement; as, the hounds were eager in the chase. And gazed for tidings in my eager eyes. Shak. How eagerly ye follow my disgraces! Shak. When to her eager lips is brought Her infant's thrilling kiss. Keble. A crowd of eager and curious schoolboys. Hawthorne. Conceit and grief an eager combat fight. Shak.

4. Brittle; inflexible; not ductile. [Obs.] Gold will be sometimes so eager, as artists call it, that it will as little endure the hammer as glass itself. Locke.

Syn. -- Earnest; ardent; vehement; hot; impetuous; fervent; intense; impassioned; zealous; forward. See Earnest. -- Eager, Earnest. Eager marks an excited state of desire or passion; thus, a child is eager for a plaything, a hungry man is eager for food, a covetous man is eager for gain. Eagerness is liable to frequent abuses, and is good or bad, as the case may be. It relates to what is praiseworthy or the contrary. Earnest denotes a permanent state of mind, feeling, or sentiment. It is always taken in a good sense; as, a preacher is earnest in his appeals to the conscience; an agent is earnest in his solicitations.

EAGER Ea"ger, n.

Defn: Same as Eagre.

EAGERLY Ea"ger*ly, adv.

Defn: In an eager manner.

EAGERNESS Ea"ger*ness, n.

1. The state or quality of being eager; ardent desire. "The eagerness of love." Addison.

2. Tartness; sourness. [Obs.]

Syn. -- Ardor; vehemence; earnestness; impetuosity; heartiness; fervor; fervency; avidity; zeal; craving; heat; passion; greediness.

EAGLE Ea"gle, n. Etym: [OE. egle, F. aigle, fr. L. aquila; prob. named from its color, fr. aquilus dark-colored, brown; cf. Lith. aklas blind. Cf. Aquiline.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any large, rapacious bird of the Falcon family, esp. of the genera Aquila and Haliæetus. The eagle is remarkable for strength, size, graceful figure, keenness of vision, and extraordinary flight. The most noted species are the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaëtus); the imperial eagle of Europe (A. mogilnik or imperialis); the American bald eagle (Haliæetus leucocephalus); the European sea eagle (H. albicilla); and the great harpy eagle (Thrasaetus harpyia). The figure of the eagle, as the king of birds, is commonly used as an heraldic emblem, and also for standards and emblematic devices. See Bald eagle, Harpy, and Golden eagle.

2. A gold coin of the United States, of the value of ten dollars.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: A northern constellation, containing Altair, a star of the first magnitude. See Aquila.

4. The figure of an eagle borne as an emblem on the standard of the ancient Romans, or so used upon the seal or standard of any people. Though the Roman eagle shadow thee. Tennyson.

Note: Some modern nations, as the United States, and France under the Bonapartes, have adopted the eagle as their national emblem. Russia, Austria, and Prussia have for an emblem a double-headed eagle. Bald eagle. See Bald eagle. -- Bold eagle. See under Bold. -- Double eagle, a gold coin of the United States worth twenty dollars. -- Eagle hawk (Zoöl.), a large, crested, South American hawk of the genus Morphnus. -- Eagle owl (Zoöl.), any large owl of the genus Bubo, and allied genera; as the American great horned owl (Bubo Virginianus), and the allied European species (B. maximus). See Horned owl. -- Eagle ray (Zoöl.), any large species of ray of the genus Myliobatis (esp. M. aquila). -- Eagle vulture (Zoöl.), a large West African bid (Gypohierax Angolensis), intermediate, in several respects, between the eagles and vultures.

EAGLE-EYED Ea"gle-eyed`, a.

Defn: Sharp-sighted as an eagle. "Inwardly eagle-eyed." Howell.

EAGLE-SIGHTED Ea"gle-sight`ed, a.

Defn: Farsighted and strong-sighted; sharp-sighted. Shak.

EAGLESS Ea"gless, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. aiglesse.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A female or hen eagle. [R.] Sherwood.

EAGLESTONE Ea"gle*stone, n. (Min.)

Defn: A concretionary nodule of clay ironstone, of the size of a walnut or larger, so called by the ancients, who believed that the eagle transported these stones to her nest to facilitate the laying of her eggs; aëtites.

EAGLET Ea"glet, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. aiglet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young eagle, or a diminutive eagle.

EAGLE-WINGED Ea"gle-winged`, a.

Defn: Having the wings of an eagle; swift, or soaring high, like an eagle. Shak.

EAGLEWOOD Ea"gle*wood`, n. Etym: [From Skr. aguru, through Pg. aguila; cf. F. bois d'aigle.]

Defn: A kind of fragrant wood. See Agallochum.

EAGRASS Ea"grass, n.

Defn: See Eddish. [Obs.]

EAGRE Ea"gre, n. Etym: [AS. eágor, , in comp., water, sea, eágor-streám water stream, sea.]

Defn: A wave, or two or three successive waves, of great height and violence, at flood tide moving up an estuary or river; -- commonly called the bore. See Bore.

EALDERMAN; EALDORMAN Eal"der*man, Eal"dor*man, n.

Defn: An alderman. [Obs.]

EALE Eale, n. Etym: [See Ale.]

Defn: Ale. [Obs.] Shak.

EAME Eame, n. Etym: [AS. eám; akin to D. oom, G. ohm, oheim; cf. L. avunculus.]

Defn: Uncle. [Obs.] Spenser.

EAN Ean, v. t. & i. Etym: [AS. eánian. See Yean.]

Defn: To bring forth, as young; to yean. "In eaning time." Shak.

EANLING Ean"ling, n. Etym: [See Ean, Yeanling.]

Defn: A lamb just brought forth; a yeanling. Shak.

EAR Ear, n. Etym: [AS. eáre; akin to OFries. áre, ár, OS. , D. oor, OHG. , G. ohr, Icel. eyra, Sw. öra, Dan. öre, Goth. auso, L. auris, Lith. ausis, Russ. ukho, Gr. audire to hear, Gr. av to favor , protect. Cf. Auricle, Orillon.]

1. The organ of hearing; the external ear.

Note: In man and the higher vertebrates, the organ of hearing is very complicated, and is divisible into three parts: the external ear, which includes the pinna or auricle and meatus or external opening; the middle ear, drum, or tympanum; and the internal ear, or labyrinth. The middle ear is a cavity connected by the Eustachian tube with the pharynx, separated from the opening of the external ear by the tympanic membrane, and containing a chain of three small bones, or ossicles, named malleus, incus, and stapes, which connect this membrane with the internal ear. The essential part of the internal ear where the fibers of the auditory nerve terminate, is the membranous labyrinth, a complicated system of sacs and tubes filled with a fluid (the endolymph), and lodged in a cavity, called the bony labyrinth, in the periotic bone. The membranous labyrinth does not completely fill the bony labyrinth, but is partially suspended in it in a fluid (the perilymph). The bony labyrinth consists of a central cavity, the vestibule, into which three semicircular canals and the canal of the cochlea (spirally coiled in mammals) open. The vestibular portion of the membranous labyrinth consists of two sacs, the utriculus and sacculus, connected by a narrow tube, into the former of which three membranous semicircular canals open, while the latter is connected with a membranous tube in the cochlea containing the organ of Corti. By the help of the external ear the sonorous vibrations of the air are concentrated upon the tympanic membrane and set it vibrating, the chain of bones in the middle ear transmits these vibrations to the internal ear, where they cause certain delicate structures in the organ of Corti, and other parts of the membranous labyrinth, to stimulate the fibers of the auditory nerve to transmit sonorous impulses to the brain.

2. The sense of hearing; the perception of sounds; the power of discriminating between different tones; as, a nice ear for music; -- in the singular only. Songs . . . not all ungrateful to thine ear. Tennyson.

3. That which resembles in shape or position the ear of an animal; any prominence or projection on an object, -- usually one for support or attachment; a lug; a handle; as, the ears of a tub, a skillet, or dish. The ears of a boat are outside kneepieces near the bow. See Illust. of Bell.

4. (Arch.) (a) Same as Acroterium (a). (b) Same as Crossette.

5. Privilege of being kindly heard; favor; attention. Dionysius . . . would give no ear to his suit. Bacon. Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears. Shak. About the ears, in close proximity to; near at hand. -- By the ears, in close contest; as, to set by the ears; to fall together by the ears; to be by the ears. -- Button ear (in dogs), an ear which falls forward and completely hides the inside. -- Ear finger, the little finger. -- Ear of Dionysius, a kind of ear trumpet with a flexible tube; -- named from the Sicilian tyrant, who constructed a device to overhear the prisoners in his dungeons. -- Ear sand (Anat.), otoliths. See Otolith. -- Ear snail (Zoöl.), any snail of the genus Auricula and allied genera. -- Ear stones (Anat.), otoliths. See Otolith. -- Ear trumpet, an instrument to aid in hearing. It consists of a tube broad at the outer end, and narrowing to a slender extremity which enters the ear, thus collecting and intensifying sounds so as to assist the hearing of a partially deaf person. -- Ear vesicle (Zoöl.), a simple auditory organ, occurring in many worms, mollusks, etc. It consists of a small sac containing a fluid and one or more solid concretions or otocysts. -- Rose ear (in dogs), an ear which folds backward and shows part of the inside. -- To give ear to, to listen to; to heed, as advice or one advising. "Give ear unto my song." Goldsmith. -- To have one's ear, to be listened to with favor. -- Up to the ears, deeply submerged; almost overwhelmed; as, to be in trouble up to one's ears. [Colloq.]

EAR Ear, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eared; p. pr. & vb. n. Earing.]

Defn: To take in with the ears; to hear. [Sportive] "I eared her language." Two Noble Kinsmen.

EAR Ear, n. Etym: [AS. ear; akin to D. aar, OHG. ahir, G. ähre, Icel., Sw., & Dan. ax, Goth. ahs. . Cf. Awn, Edge.]

Defn: The spike or head of any cereal (as, wheat, rye, barley, Indian corn, etc.), containing the kernels. First the blade, then the ear, after that the full corn in the ear. Mark iv. 28.

EAR Ear, v. i.

Defn: To put forth ears in growing; to form ears, as grain; as, this corn ears well.

EAR Ear, v. t. Etym: [OE. erien, AS. erian; akin to OFries. era, OHG. erran, MHG. eren, ern, Prov. G. aren, ären, Icel. erja, Goth. arjan, Lith. arti, OSlav. orati, L. arare, Gr. Arable.]

Defn: To plow or till; to cultivate. "To ear the land." Shak.

EARABLE Ear"a*ble, a.

Defn: Arable; tillable. [Archaic]

EARACHE Ear"ache`, n.

Defn: Ache or pain in the ear.

EARAL Ear"al, a.

Defn: Receiving by the ear. [Obs.] Hewyt.

EAR-BORED Ear"-bored`, a.

Defn: Having the ear perforated.

EARCAP Ear"cap`, n.

Defn: A cap or cover to protect the ear from cold.

EARCOCKLE Ear"coc`kle, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A disease in wheat, in which the blackened and contracted grain, or ear, is filled with minute worms.

EARDROP Ear"drop`, n.

1. A pendant for the ear; an earring; as, a pair of eardrops.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of primrose. See Auricula.

EARDRUM Ear"drum`, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The tympanum. See Illust. of Ear.

EARED Eared, a.

1. Having (such or so many) ears; -- used in composition; as, long- eared-eared; sharp-eared; full-eared; ten-eared.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having external ears; having tufts of feathers resembling ears. Eared owl (Zoöl.), an owl having earlike tufts of feathers, as the long-eared owl, and short-eared owl. -- Eared seal (Zoöl.), any seal of the family Otariidæ, including the fur seals and hair seals. See Seal.

EARINESS Ear"i*ness, n. Etym: [Scotch ery or eiry affected with fear.]

Defn: Fear or timidity, especially of something supernatural. [Written also eiryness.] The sense of eariness, as twilight came on. De Quincey.

EARING Ear"ing, n. (Naut.) (a) A line used to fasten the upper corners of a sail to the yard or gaff; -- also called head earing. (b) A line for hauling the reef cringle to the yard; -- also called reef earing. (c) A line fastening the corners of an awning to the rigging or stanchions.

EARING Ear"ing, n.

Defn: Coming into ear, as corn.

EARING Ear"ing, n.

Defn: A plowing of land. [Archaic] Neither earing nor harvest. Gen. xlv. 6.

EARL Earl, n. Etym: [OE. eorl, erl, AS. eorl man, noble; akin to OS. erl boy, man, Icel. jarl nobleman, count, and possibly to Gr. arshan man. Cf. Jarl.]

Defn: A nobleman of England ranking below a marquis, and above a viscount. The rank of an earl corresponds to that of a count (comte) in France, and graf in Germany. Hence the wife of an earl is still called countess. See Count.

EARL Earl, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The needlefish. [Ireland]

EARLAP Ear"lap`, n.

Defn: The lobe of the ear.

EARLDOM Earl"dom, n. Etym: [AS. eorl-d; eorl man, noble + -d -dom.]

1. The jurisdiction of an earl; the territorial possessions of an earl.

2. The status, title, or dignity of an earl. He [Pulteney] shrunk into insignificancy and an earldom. Chesterfield.

EARLDORMAN Earl"dor*man, n.

Defn: Alderman. [Obs.]

EARLDUCK Earl"duck`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The red-breasted merganser (Merganser serrator).

EARLES PENNY Earles" pen`ny. Etym: [Cf. Arles, 4th Earnest.]

Defn: Earnest money. Same as Arles penny. [Obs.]

EARLESS Ear"less, a.

Defn: Without ears; hence, deaf or unwilling to hear. Pope.

EARLET Ear"let, n. Etym: [Ear + -let.]

Defn: An earring. [Obs.] The Ismaelites were accustomed to wear golden earlets. Judg. viii. 24 (Douay version).

EARLINESS Ear"li*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being early or forward; promptness.

EARL MARSHAL Earl" mar"shal.

Defn: An officer of state in England who marshals and orders all great ceremonials, takes cognizance of matters relating to honor, arms, and pedigree, and directs the proclamation of peace and war. The court of chivalry was formerly under his jurisdiction, and he is still the head of the herald's office or college of arms.

EARLOCK Ear"lock`, n. Etym: [AS. eár-locca.]

Defn: A lock or curl of hair near the ear; a lovelock. See Lovelock.

EARLY Ear"ly, adv. Etym: [OE. erli, erliche, AS. ; sooner + lic like. See Ere, and Like.]

Defn: Soon; in good season; seasonably; betimes; as, come early. Those that me early shall find me. Prov. viii. 17. You must wake and call me early. Tennyson.

EARLY Ear"ly, a. [Compar. Earlier; superl. Earliest.] Etym: [OE. earlich. Early, adv.]

1. In advance of the usual or appointed time; in good season; prior in time; among or near the first; -- opposed to Ant: late; as, the early bird; an early spring; early fruit. Early and provident fear is the mother of safety. Burke. The doorsteps and threshold with the early grass springing up about them. Hawthorne.

2. Coming in the first part of a period of time, or among the first of successive acts, events, etc. Seen in life's early morning sky. Keble. The forms of its earlier manhood. Longfellow. The earliest poem he composed was in his seventeenth summer. J. C. Shairp. Early English (Philol.) See the Note under English. -- Early English architecture, the first of the pointed or Gothic styles used in England, succeeding the Norman style in the 12th and 13th centuries.

Syn. -- Forward; timely; not late; seasonable.

EARMARK Ear"mark`, n.

1. A mark on the ear of sheep, oxen, dogs, etc., as by cropping or slitting.

2. A mark for identification; a distinguishing mark. Money is said to have no earmark. Wharton. Flying, he [a slave] should be described by the rounding of his head, and his earmark. Robynson (More's Utopia). A set of intellectual ideas . . . have earmarks upon them, no tokens of a particular proprietor. Burrow.

EARMARK Ear"mark`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Earmarked; p. pr. & vb. n. Earmarking.]

Defn: To mark, as sheep, by cropping or slitting the ear.

EAR-MINDED Ear"-mind"ed, a. (Physiol. Psychol.)

Defn: Thinking chiefly or most readily through, or in terms related to, the sense of hearing; specif., thinking words as spoken, as a result of familiarity with speech or of mental peculiarity; -- opposed to eye-minded.

EARN Earn, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Ern, n. Sir W. Scott.

EARN Earn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Earned; p. pr. & vb. n. Earning.] Etym: [AS. earnian; akin to OHG. arn to reap, aran harvest, G. ernte, Goth. asans harvest, asneis hireling, AS. esne; cf. Icel. önn working season, work.]

1. To merit or deserve, as by labor or service; to do that which entitles one to (a reward, whether the reward is received or not). The high repute Which he through hazard huge must earn. Milton.

2. To acquire by labor, service, or performance; to deserve and receive as compensation or wages; as, to earn a good living; to earn honors or laurels. I earn that [what] I eat. Shak. The bread I have earned by the hazard of my life or the sweat of my brow. Burke. Earned run (Baseball), a run which is made without the assistance of errors on the opposing side.

Syn. -- See Obtain.

EARN Earn, v. t. & i. Etym: [See 1st Yearn.]

Defn: To grieve. [Obs.]

EARN Earn, v. i. Etym: [See 4th Yearn.]

Defn: To long; to yearn. [Obs.] And ever as he rode, his heart did earn To prove his puissance in battle brave. Spenser.

EARN Earn, v. i. Etym: [AS. irnan to run. Rennet, and cf. Yearnings.]

Defn: To curdle, as milk. [Prov. Eng.]

EARNEST Ear"nest, n. Etym: [AS. eornost, eornest; akin to OHG. ernust, G. ernst; cf. Icel. orrosta battle, perh. akin to Gr. oriri to rise.]

Defn: Seriousness; reality; fixed determination; eagerness; intentness. Take heed that this jest do not one day turn to earnest. Sir P. Sidney. And given in earnest what I begged in jest. Shak. In earnest, serious; seriously; not in jest; earnestly.

EARNEST Ear"nest, a.

1. Ardent in the pursuit of an object; eager to obtain or do; zealous with sincerity; with hearty endeavor; heartfelt; fervent; hearty; -- used in a good sense; as, earnest prayers. An earnest advocate to plead for him. Shak.

2. Intent; fixed closely; as, earnest attention.

3. Serious; important. [Obs.] They whom earnest lets do often hinder. Hooker.

Syn. -- Eager; warm; zealous; ardent; animated; importunate; fervent; sincere; serious; hearty; urgent. See Eager.

EARNEST Ear"nest, v. t.

Defn: To use in earnest. [R.] To earnest them [our arms] with men. Pastor Fido (1602).

EARNEST Ear"nest, n. Etym: [Prob. corrupted fr. F. arrhes, L. arra, arrha, arrhabo, Gr. ; or perh. fr. W. ernes, akin to Gael. earlas, perh. fr. L. arra. Cf. Arles, Earles penny.]

1. Something given, or a part paid beforehand, as a pledge; pledge; handsel; a token of what is to come. Who hath also sealed us, and given the earnest of the Spirit in our hearts. 2 Cor. i. 22. And from his coffers Received the golden earnest of our death. Shak.

2. (Law)

Defn: Something of value given by the buyer to the seller, by way of token or pledge, to bind the bargain and prove the sale. Kent. Ayliffe. Benjamin. Earnest money (Law), money paid as earnest, to bind a bargain or to ratify and prove a sale.

Syn. -- Earnest, Pledge. These words are here compared as used in their figurative sense. Earnest is not so strong as pledge. An earnest, like first fruits, gives assurance, or at least a high probability, that more is coming of the same kind; a pledge, like money deposited, affords security and ground of reliance for the future. Washington gave earnest of his talent as commander by saving his troops after Braddock's defeat; his fortitude and that of his soldiers during the winter at Valley Forge might rightly be considered a pledge of their ultimate triumph.

EARNESTFUL Ear"nest*ful, a.

Defn: Serious. [Obs.] Chaucer.

EARNESTLY Ear"nest*ly, adv.

Defn: In an earnest manner.

EARNESTNESS Ear"nest*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being earnest; intentness; anxiety. An honest earnestness in the young man's manner. W. Irving.

EARNFUL Earn"ful, a. Etym: [From Earn to yearn.]

Defn: Full of anxiety or yearning. [Obs.] P. Fletcher.

EARNING Earn"ing, n.; pl. Earnings (.

Defn: That which is earned; wages gained by work or services; money earned; -- used commonly in the plural. As to the common people, their stock is in their persons and in their earnings. Burke.

EARPICK Ear"pick`, n.

Defn: An instrument for removing wax from the ear.

EAR-PIERCER Ear"-pier`cer, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The earwig.

EARREACH Ear"reach`, n.

Defn: Earshot. Marston.

EARRING Ear"ring`, n.

Defn: An ornament consisting of a ring passed through the lobe of the ear, with or without a pendant.

EARSH Earsh, n.

Defn: See Arrish.

EAR-SHELL Ear"-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A flattened marine univalve shell of the genus Haliotis; -- called also sea-ear. See Abalone.

EARSHOT Ear"shot`, n.

Defn: Reach of the ear; distance at which words may be heard. Dryden.

EARSHRIFT Ear"shrift`, n.

Defn: A nickname for auricular confession; shrift. [Obs.] Cartwright.

EARSORE Ear"sore`, n.

Defn: An annoyance to the ear. [R.] The perpetual jangling of the chimes . . . is no small earsore Sir T. Browne.

EAR-SPLITTING Ear"-split`ting, a.

Defn: Deafening; disagreeably loud or shrill; as, ear-splitting strains.

EARST Earst, adv.

Defn: See Erst. [Obs.] Spenser.

EARTH Earth, n. Etym: [AS. eor; akin to OS. ertha, OFries. irthe, D. aarde, OHG. erda, G. erde, Icel. jör, Sw. & Dan. jord, Goth. airpa, OHG. ero, Gr. ear to plow.]

1. The globe or planet which we inhabit; the world, in distinction from the sun, moon, or stars. Also, this world as the dwelling place of mortals, in distinction from the dwelling place of spirits. That law preserves the earth a sphere And guides the planets in their course. S. Rogers. In heaven, or earth, or under earth, in hell. Milton.

2. The solid materials which make up the globe, in distinction from the air or water; the dry land. God called the dry land earth. Gen. i. 10. He is pure air and fire, and the dull elements of earth and water never appear in him. Shak.

3. The softer inorganic matter composing part of the surface of the globe, in distinction from the firm rock; soil of all kinds, including gravel, clay, loam, and the like; sometimes, soil favorable to the growth of plants; the visible surface of the globe; the ground; as, loose earth; rich earth. Give him a little earth for charity. Shak.

4. A part of this globe; a region; a country; land. Would I had never trod this English earth. Shak.

5. Worldly things, as opposed to spiritual things; the pursuits, interests, and allurements of this life. Our weary souls by earth beguiled. Keble.

6. The people on the globe. The whole earth was of one language. Gen. xi. 1.

7. (Chem.) (a) Any earthy-looking metallic oxide, as alumina, glucina, zirconia, yttria, and thoria. (b) A similar oxide, having a slight alkaline reaction, as lime, magnesia, strontia, baryta.

8. A hole in the ground, where an animal hides himself; as, the earth of a fox. Macaulay. They [ferrets] course the poor conies out of their earths. Holland.

Note: Earth is used either adjectively or in combination to form compound words; as, earth apple or earth-apple; earth metal or earth- metal; earth closet or earth-closet. Adamic earth, Bitter earth, Bog earth, Chian earth, etc. See under Adamic, Bitter, etc. -- Alkaline earths. See under Alkaline. -- Earth apple. (Bot.) (a) A potato. (b) A cucumber. -- Earth auger, a form of auger for boring into the ground; -- called also earth borer. -- Earth bath, a bath taken by immersing the naked body in earth for healing purposes. -- Earth battery (Physics), a voltaic battery the elements of which are buried in the earth to be acted on by its moisture. -- Earth chestnut, the pignut. -- Earth closet, a privy or commode provided with dry earth or a similar substance for covering and deodorizing the fæcal discharges. -- Earth dog (Zoöl.), a dog that will dig in the earth, or enter holes of foxes, etc. -- Earth hog, Earth pig (Zoöl.), the aard-vark. -- Earth hunger, an intense desire to own land, or, in the case of nations, to extend their domain. -- Earth light (Astron.), the light reflected by the earth, as upon the moon, and corresponding to moonlight; -- called also earth shine. Sir J. Herschel. -- Earth metal. See 1st Earth,

7. (Chem.) -- Earth oil, petroleum. -- Earth pillars or pyramids (Geol.), high pillars or pyramids of earth, sometimes capped with a single stone, found in Switzerland. Lyell. -- Earth pitch (Min.), mineral tar, a kind of asphaltum. -- Earth quadrant, a fourth of the earth's circumference. -- Earth table (Arch.), the lowest course of stones visible in a building; the ground table. -- On earth, an intensive expression, oftenest used in questions and exclamations; as, What on earth shall I do Nothing on earth will satisfy him. [Colloq.]

EARTH Earth, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Earthed; p. pr. & vb. n. Earthing.]

1. To hide, or cause to hide, in the earth; to chase into a burrow or den. "The fox is earthed." Dryden.

2. To cover with earth or mold; to inter; to bury; -- sometimes with up. The miser earths his treasure, and the thief, Watching the mole, half beggars him ere noon. Young. Why this in earthing up a carcass R. Blair.

EARTH Earth, v. i.

Defn: To burrow. Tickell.

EARTH Earth, n. Etym: [From Ear to plow.]

Defn: A plowing. [Obs.] Such land as ye break up for barley to sow, Two earths at the least, ere ye sow it, bestow. Tusser.

EARTHBAG Earth"bag`, n. (Mil.)

Defn: A bag filled with earth, used commonly to raise or repair a parapet.

EARTHBANK Earth"bank`, n.

Defn: A bank or mound of earth.

EARTHBOARD Earth"board`, n. (Agric.)

Defn: The part of a plow, or other implement, that turns over the earth; the moldboard.

EARTHBORN Earth"born`, a.

1. Born of the earth; terrigenous; springing originally from the earth; human. Some earthborn giant. Milton.

2. Relating to, or occasioned by, earthly objects. All earthborn cares are wrong. Goldsmith.

EARTHBRED Earth"bred`, a.

Defn: Low; grovelling; vulgar.

EARTHDIN Earth"din`, n.

Defn: An earthquake. [Obs.]

EARTHDRAKE Earth"drake`, n.

Defn: A mythical monster of the early Anglo-Saxon literature; a dragon. W. Spalding.

EARTHEN Earth"en, a.

Defn: Made of earth; made of burnt or baked clay, or other like substances; as, an earthen vessel or pipe.

EARTHEN-HEARTED Earth"en-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Hard-hearted; sordid; gross. [Poetic] Lowell.

EARTHENWARE Earth"en*ware`, n.

Defn: Vessels and other utensils, ornaments, or the like, made of baked clay. See Crockery, Pottery, Stoneware, and Porcelain.

EARTH FLAX Earth" flax`. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of asbestus. See Amianthus.

EARTHFORK Earth"fork`, n.

Defn: A pronged fork for turning up the earth.

EARTHINESS Earth"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being earthy, or of containing earth; hence, grossness.

EARTHLIGHT Earth"light`, n. (Astron.)

Defn: The sunlight reflected from the earth to the moon, by which we see faintly, when the moon is near the sun (either before or after new moon), that part of the moon's disk unillumined by direct sunlight, or "the old moon in the arms of the new."

EARTHLINESS Earth"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being earthly; worldliness; grossness; perishableness.

EARTHLING Earth"ling, n. Etym: [Earth + -ling.]

Defn: An inhabitant of the earth; a mortal. Earthings oft her deemed a deity. Drummond.

EARTHLY Earth"ly, a.

1. Pertaining to the earth; belonging to this world, or to man's existence on the earth; not heavenly or spiritual; carnal; worldly; as, earthly joys; earthly flowers; earthly praise. This earthly load Of death, called life. Milton. Whose glory is in their shame, who mind earthly things. Phil. iii. 19.

2. Of all things on earth; possible; conceivable. What earthly benefit can be the result Pope.

3. Made of earth; earthy. [Obs.] Holland.

Syn. -- Gross; material; sordid; mean; base; vile; low; unsubstantial; temporary; corrupt; groveling.

EARTHLY Earth"ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of the earth or its people; worldly. Took counsel from his guiding eyes To make this wisdom earthly wise. Emerson.

EARTHLY-MINDED Earth"ly-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Having a mind devoted to earthly things; worldly-minded; -- opposed to spiritual-minded. -- Earth"ly-mind`ed*ness, n.

EARTHMAD Earth"mad`, n. Etym: [Earth + mad an earthworm.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The earthworm. [Obs.] The earthmads and all the sorts of worms . . . are without eyes. Holland.

EARTHNUT Earth"nut`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to various roots, tubers, or pods grown under or on the ground; as to: (a) The esculent tubers of the umbelliferous plants Bunium flexuosum and Carum Bulbocastanum. (b) The peanut. See Peanut.

EARTHPEA Earth"pea`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of pea (Amphicarpæa monoica). It is a climbing leguminous plant, with hairy underground pods.

EARTHQUAKE Earth"quake`, n.

Defn: A shaking, trembling, or concussion of the earth, due to subterranean causes, often accompanied by a rumbling noise. The wave of shock sometimes traverses half a hemisphere, destroying cities and many thousand lives; -- called also earthdin, earthquave, and earthshock. Earthquake alarm, a bell signal constructed to operate on the theory that a few seconds before the occurrence of an earthquake the magnet temporarily loses its power.

EARTHQUAKE Earth"quake`, a.

Defn: Like, or characteristic of, an earthquake; loud; starling. The earthquake voice of victory. Byron.

EARTHQUAVE Earth"quave`, n.

Defn: An earthquake.

EARTH SHINE Earth" shine`.

Defn: See Earth light, under Earth.

EARTHSHOCK Earth"shock`, n.

Defn: An earthquake.

EARTHSTAR Earth"star`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A curious fungus of the genus Geaster, in which the outer coating splits into the shape of a star, and the inner one forms a ball containing the dustlike spores.

EARTH-TONGUE Earth"-tongue`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A fungus of the genus Geoglossum.

EARTHWARD; EARTHWARDS Earth"ward, Earth"wards (, adv.

Defn: Toward the earth; -- opposed to heavenward or skyward.

EARTHWORK Earth"work`, n.

1. (Mil.)

Defn: Any construction, whether a temporary breastwork or permanent fortification, for attack or defense, the material of which is chiefly earth.

2. (Engin.) (a) The operation connected with excavations and embankments of earth in preparing foundations of buildings, in constructing canals, railroads, etc. (b) An embankment or construction made of earth.

EARTHWORM Earth"worm`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any worm of the genus Lumbricus and allied genera, found in damp soil. One of the largest and most abundant species in Europe and America is L. terrestris; many others are known; -- called also angleworm and dewworm.

2. A mean, sordid person; a niggard. Norris.

EARTHY Earth"y, a.

1. Consisting of, or resembling, earth; terrene; earthlike; as, earthy matter. How pale she looks, And of an earthy cold! Shak. All over earthy, like a piece of earth. Tennyson.

2. Of or pertaining to the earth or to, this world; earthly; terrestrial; carnal. [R.] "Their earthy charge." Milton. The first man is of the earth, earthy; the second man is from heaven. As is the earthy, such are they also that are earthy. 1 Cor. xv. 47, 48 (Rev. Ver. ) Earthy spirits black and envious are. Dryden.

3. Gross; low; unrefined. "Her earthy and abhorred commands." Shak.

4. (Min.)

Defn: Without luster, or dull and roughish to the touch; as, an earthy fracture.

EARWAX Ear"wax`, n. (Anat.)

Defn: See Cerumen.

EARWIG Ear"wig`, n. Etym: [AS. eárwicga; eáre ear + wicga beetle, worm: cf. Prov. E. erri-wiggle.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any insect of the genus Forticula and related genera, belonging to the order Euplexoptera.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: In America, any small chilopodous myriapod, esp. of the genus Geophilus.

Note: Both insects are so called from the supposition that they creep into the human ear.

3. A whisperer of insinuations; a secret counselor. Johnson.

EARWIG Ear"wig`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Earwigged; p. pr. & vb. n. Earwigging.]

Defn: To influence, or attempt to influence, by whispered insinuations or private talk. "No longer was he earwigged by the Lord Cravens." Lord Campbell.

EARWITNESS Ear"wit`ness, n.

Defn: A witness by means of his ears; one who is within hearing and does hear; a hearer. Fuller.

EASE Ease, n. Etym: [OE. ese, eise, F. aise; akin to Pr. ais, aise, OIt. asio, It. agio; of uncertain origin; cf. L. ansa handle, occasion, opportunity. Cf. Agio, Disease.]

1. Satisfaction; pleasure; hence, accommodation; entertainment. [Obs.] They him besought Of harbor and or ease as for hire penny. Chaucer.

2. Freedom from anything that pains or troubles; as: (a) Relief from labor or effort; rest; quiet; relaxation; as, ease of body. Usefulness comes by labor, wit by ease. Herbert. Give yourself ease from the fatigue of watching. Swift.

(b) Freedom from care, solicitude, or anything that annoys or disquiets; tranquillity; peace; comfort; security; as, ease of mind. Among these nations shalt thou find no ease. Deut. xxviii. 65. Take thine ease, eat, drink, and be merry. Luke xii. 19.

(c) Freedom from constraint, formality, difficulty, embarrassment, etc.; facility; liberty; naturalness; -- said of manner, style, etc.; as, ease of style, of behavior, of address. True ease in writing comes from art, not chance. Pope. Whate'er he did was done with so much ease, In him alone 't was natural to please. Dryden. At ease, free from pain, trouble, or anxiety. "His soul shall dwell at ease." Ps. xxv. 12. -- Chapel of ease. See under Chapel. -- Ill at ease, not at ease, disquieted; suffering; anxious. -- To stand at ease (Mil.), to stand in a comfortable attitude in one's place in the ranks. -- With ease, easily; without much effort.

Syn. -- Rest; quiet; repose; comfortableness; tranquility; facility; easiness; readiness.

EASE Ease, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Eased; p. pr. & vb. n. Easing.] Etym: [OE. esen, eisen, OF. aisier. See Ease, n.]

1. To free from anything that pains, disquiets, or oppresses; to relieve from toil or care; to give rest, repose, or tranquility to; - - often with of; as, to ease of pain; ease the body or mind. Eased [from] the putting off These troublesome disguises which we wear. Milton. Sing, and I 'll ease thy shoulders of thy load. Dryden.

2. To render less painful or oppressive; to mitigate; to alleviate. My couch shall ease my complaint. Job vii. 13.

3. To release from pressure or restraint; to move gently; to lift slightly; to shift a little; as, to ease a bar or nut in machinery.

4. To entertain; to furnish with accommodations. [Obs.] Chaucer. To ease off, To ease away (Naut.), to slacken a rope gradually. -- To ease a ship (Naut.), to put the helm hard, or regulate the sail, to prevent pitching when closehauled. -- To ease the helm (Naut.), to put the helm more nearly amidships, to lessen the effect on the ship, or the strain on the wheel rope. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Syn. -- To relieve; disburden; quiet; calm; tranquilize; assuage; alleviate; allay; mitigate; appease; pacify.

EASEFUL Ease"ful, a.

Defn: Full of ease; suitable for affording ease or rest; quiet; comfortable; restful. Shak. -- Ease"ful*ly, adv. -- Ease"ful*ness, n.

EASEL Ea"sel, n. Etym: [D. ezel ass, donkey, hence, easel, or G. esel; akin to E. ass. See Ass.]

Defn: A frame (commonly) of wood serving to hold a canvas upright, or nearly upright, for the painter's convenience or for exhibition. Easel picture, Easel piece, a painting of moderate size such as is made while resting on an easel, as distinguished from a painting on a wall or ceiling.

EASELESS Ease"less, a.

Defn: Without ease. Donne.

EASEMENT Ease"ment, n. Etym: [OF. aisement. See Ease, n.]

1. That which gives ease, relief, or assistance; convenience; accommodation. In need of every kind of relief and easement. Burke.

2. (Law)

Defn: A liberty, privilege, or advantage, which one proprietor has in the estate of another proprietor, distinct from the ownership of the soil, as a way, water course, etc. It is a species of what the civil law calls servitude. Kent.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: A curved member instead of an abrupt change of direction, as in a baseboard, hand rail, etc.

EASILY Eas"i*ly, adv. Etym: [From Easy.]

1. With ease; without difficulty or much effort; as, this task may be easily performed; that event might have been easily foreseen.

2. Without pain, anxiety, or disturbance; as, to pass life well and easily. Sir W. Temple.

3. Readily; without reluctance; willingly. Not soon provoked, she easily forgives. Prior.

4. Smoothly; quietly; gently; gracefully; without

5. Without shaking or jolting; commodiously; as, a carriage moves easily.

EASINESS Eas"i*ness, n.

1. The state or condition of being easy; freedom from distress; rest.

2. Freedom from difficulty; ease; as the easiness of a task.

3. Freedom from emotion; compliance; disposition to yield without opposition; unconcernedness. Give to him, and he shall but laugh at your easiness. South.

4. Freedom from effort, constraint, or formality; -- said of style, manner, etc. With painful care, but seeming easiness. Roscommon.

5. Freedom from jolting, jerking, or straining.

EAST East, n. Etym: [OE. est, east, AS. eást; akin to D. oost, oosten, OHG. , G. ost, osten, Icel. austr, Sw. ost, Dan. öst, östen, Lith. auszra dawn, L. aurora (for ausosa), Gr. ushas; cf. Skr. ush to burn, L. urere. Aurora, Easter, Sterling.]

1. The point in the heavens where the sun is seen to rise at the equinox, or the corresponding point on the earth; that one of the four cardinal points of the compass which is in a direction at right angles to that of north and south, and which is toward the right hand of one who faces the north; the point directly opposite to the west. The east began kindle. E. Everett.

2. The eastern parts of the earth; the regions or countries which lie east of Europe; the orient. In this indefinite sense, the word is applied to Asia Minor, Syria, Chaldea, Persia, India, China, etc.; as, the riches of the East; the diamonds and pearls of the East; the kings of the East. The gorgeous East, with richest hand, Showers on her kings barbaric pearl and gold. Milton.

3. (U. S. Hist. and Geog.)

Defn: Formerly, the part of the United States east of the Alleghany Mountains, esp. the Eastern, or New England, States; now, commonly, the whole region east of the Mississippi River, esp. that which is north of Maryland and the Ohio River; -- usually with the definite article; as, the commerce of the East is not independent of the agriculture of the West. East by north, East by south, according to the notation of the mariner's compass, that point which lies 11 -- East-northeast, East-southeast, that which lie 22Illust. of Compass.

EAST East, a.

Defn: Toward the rising sun; or toward the point where the sun rises when in the equinoctial; as, the east gate; the east border; the east side; the east wind is a wind that blows from the east.

EAST East, adv.

Defn: Eastward.

EAST East, v. i.

Defn: To move toward the east; to veer from the north or south toward the east; to orientate.

EASTER Eas"ter, n. Etym: [AS. eáster, eástran, paschal feast, Easter; akin to G. ostern; fr. AS. Eástre, a goddess of light or spring, in honor of whom a festival was celebrated in April; whence this month was called in AS. Eásterm. From the root of E. east. See East.]

1. An annual church festival commemorating Christ's resurrection, and occurring on Sunday, the second day after Good Friday. It corresponds to the pasha or passover of the Jews, and most nations still give it this name under the various forms of pascha, pasque, pâque, or pask.

2. The day on which the festival is observed; Easter day.

Note: Easter is used either adjectively or as the first element of a compound; as, Easter day or Easter-day, Easter Sunday, Easter week, Easter gifts. Sundays by thee more glorious break, An Easter day in every week. Keble.

Note: Easter day, on which the rest of the movable feasts depend, is always the first Sunday after the fourteenth day of the calendar moon which (fourteenth day) falls on, or next after, the 21st of March, according to the rules laid down for the construction of the calendar; so that if the fourteenth day happen on a Sunday, Easter day is the Sunday after. Eng. Cyc. Easter dues (Ch. of Eng.), money due to the clergy at Easter, formerly paid in communication of the tithe for personal labor and subject to exaction. For Easter dues, Easter offerings, voluntary gifts, have been substituted. -- Easter egg. (a) A painted or colored egg used as a present at Easter. (b) An imitation of an egg, in sugar or some fine material, sometimes made to serve as a box for jewelry or the like, used as an Easter present.

EASTER East"er, v. i. (Naut.)

Defn: To veer to the east; -- said of the wind. Russell.

EASTER LILY Eas"ter lil`y. (Bot.) Any one of various lilies or lilylike flowers which bloom about Easter; specif.: (a) The common white lily (Lilium candidum), called also Annunciation lily. (b) The larger white lily (Lilium longiflorum eximium, syn. L. Harrisii) called also Bermuda lily. (c) The daffodil (Narcissus Pseudo-Narcissus). (d) The Atamasco lily.

EASTERLING East"er*ling, n. Etym: [Cf. Sterling.]

1. A native of a country eastward of another; -- used, by the English, of traders or others from the coasts of the Baltic. Merchants of Norway, Denmark, . . . called . . . Easterlings because they lie east in respect of us. Holinshed.

2. A piece of money coined in the east by Richard II. of England. Crabb.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The smew.

EASTERLING East"er*ling, a.

Defn: Relating to the money of the Easterlings, or Baltic traders. See Sterling.

EASTERLY East"er*ly, a.

1. Coming from the east; as, it was easterly wind.

2. Situated, directed, or moving toward the east; as, the easterly side of a lake; an easterly course or voyage.

EASTERLY East"er*ly, adv.

Defn: Toward, or in the direction of, the east.

EASTERN East"ern, a. Etym: [AS. eástern.]

1. Situated or dwelling in the east; oriental; as, an eastern gate; Eastern countries. Eastern churches first did Christ embrace. Stirling.

2. Going toward the east, or in the direction of east; as, an eastern voyage. Eastern Church. See Greek Church, under Greek.

EASTERN CHURCH Eastern Church.

Defn: That portion of the Christian church which prevails in the countries once comprised in the Eastern Roman Empire and the countries converted to Christianity by missionaries from them. Its full official title is The Orthodox Catholic Apostolic Eastern Church. It became estranged from the Western, or Roman, Church over the question of papal supremacy and the doctrine of the filioque, and a separation, begun in the latter part of the 9th century, became final in 1054. The Eastern Church consists of twelve (thirteen if the Bulgarian Church be included) mutually independent churches (including among these the Hellenic Church, or Church of Greece, and the Russian Church), using the vernacular (or some ancient form of it) in divine service and varying in many points of detail, but standing in full communion with each other and united as equals in a great federation. The highest five authorities are the patriarch of Constantinople, or ecumenical patriarch (whose position is not one of supremacy, but of precedence), the patriarch of Alexandria, the patriarch of Jerusalem, the patriarch of Antioch, and the Holy Synod of Russia. The Eastern Church accepts the first seven ecumenical councils (and is hence styled only schismatic, not heretical, by the Roman Catholic Church), has as its creed the Niceno- Constantinopolitan (without the later addition of the filioque, which, with the doctrine it represents, the church decisively rejects), baptizes infants with trine immersion, makes confirmation follow immediately upon baptism, administers the Communion in both kinds (using leavened bread) and to infants as well as adults, permits its secular clergy to marry before ordination and to keep their wives afterward, but not to marry a second time, selects its bishops from the monastic clergy only, recognizes the offices of bishop, priest, and deacon as the three necessary degrees of orders, venerates relics and icons, and has an elaborate ritual.

EASTERNMOST East"ern*most`, a.

Defn: Most eastern.

EAST INDIAN East" In"di*an (; see Indian).

Defn: Belonging to, or relating to, the East Indies. -- n.

Defn: A native of, or a dweller in, the East Indies.

EASTING East"ing, n. (Naut. & Surv.)

Defn: The distance measured toward the east between two meridians drawn through the extremities of a course; distance of departure eastward made by a vessel.

EAST-INSULAR East`-in"su*lar, a.

Defn: Relating to the Eastern Islands; East Indian. [R.] Ogilvie.

EASTWARD; EASTWARDS East"ward, East"wards, adv.

Defn: Toward the east; in the direction of east from some point or place; as, New Haven lies eastward from New York.

EASY Eas"y, a. [Compar. Easier; superl. Easiest.] Etym: [OF. aisié, F. aisé, prop. p. p. of OF. aisier. See Ease, v. t.]

1. At ease; free from pain, trouble, or constraint; as: (a) Free from pain, distress, toil, exertion, and the like; quiet; as, the patient is easy. (b) Free from care, responsibility, discontent, and the like; not anxious; tranquil; as, an easy mind. (c) Free from constraint, harshness, or formality; unconstrained; smooth; as, easy manners; an easy style. "The easy vigor of a line." Pope.

2. Not causing, or attended with, pain or disquiet, or much exertion; affording ease or rest; as, an easy carriage; a ship having an easy motion; easy movements, as in dancing. "Easy ways to die." Shak.

3. Not difficult; requiring little labor or effort; slight; inconsiderable; as, an easy task; an easy victory. It were an easy leap. Shak.

4. Causing ease; giving freedom from care or labor; furnishing comfort; commodious; as, easy circumstances; an easy chair or cushion.

5. Not making resistance or showing unwillingness; tractable; yielding; complying; ready. He gained their easy hearts. Dryden. He is too tyrannical to be an easy monarch. Sir W. Scott.

6. Moderate; sparing; frugal. [Obs.] Chaucer.

7. (Com.)

Defn: Not straitened as to money matters; as, the market is easy; -- opposed to tight. Honors are easy (Card Playing), said when each side has an equal number of honors, in which case they are not counted as points.

Syn. -- Quiet; comfortable; manageable; tranquil; calm; facile; unconcerned.

EASY-CHAIR Eas"y-chair`, n.

Defn: An armichair for ease or repose. "Laugh . . . in Rabelais' easy-chair." Pope.

EASY-GOING Eas"y-go`ing, a.

Defn: Moving easily; hence, mild-tempered; ease-loving; inactive.

EAT Eat, v. t. [imp. Ate, Obsolescent & Colloq. Eat (; p. p. Eaten, Obs. or Colloq. Eat (p. pr. & vb. n. Eating.] Etym: [OE. eten, AS. etan; akin to OS. etan, OFries. eta, D. eten, OHG. ezzan, G. essen, Icel. eta, Sw. äta, Dan. æde, Goth. itan, Ir. & Gael. ith, W. ysu, L. edere, Gr. ad. Etch, Fret to rub, Edible.]

1. To chew and swallow as food; to devour; -- said especially of food not liquid; as, to eat bread. "To eat grass as oxen." Dan. iv. 25. They . . . ate the sacrifices of the dead. Ps. cvi. 28. The lean . . . did eat up the first seven fat kine. Gen. xli. 20. The lion had not eaten the carcass. 1 Kings xiii. 28. With stories told of many a feat, How fairy Mab junkets eat. Milton. The island princes overbold Have eat our substance. Tennyson. His wretched estate is eaten up with mortgages. Thackeray.

2. To corrode, as metal, by rust; to consume the flesh, as a cancer; to waste or wear away; to destroy gradually; to cause to disappear. To eat humble pie. See under Humble. -- To eat of (partitive use). "Eat of the bread that can not waste." Keble. -- To eat one's words, to retract what one has said. (See the Citation under Blurt.) -- To eat out, to consume completely. "Eat out the heart and comfort of it." Tillotson. -- To eat the wind out of a vessel (Naut.), to gain slowly to windward of her.

Syn. -- To consume; devour; gnaw; corrode.

EAT Eat, v. i.

1. To take food; to feed; especially, to take solid, in distinction from liquid, food; to board. He did eat continually at the king's table. 2 Sam. ix. 13.

2. To taste or relish; as, it eats like tender beef.

3. To make one's way slowly. To eat, To eat in or into, to make way by corrosion; to gnaw; to consume. "A sword laid by, which eats into itself." Byron. -- To eat to windward (Naut.), to keep the course when closehauled with but little steering; -- said of a vessel.

EATABLE Eat"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being eaten; fit to be eaten; proper for food; esculent; edible. -- n.

Defn: Something fit to be eaten.

EATAGE Eat"age (; 48), n.

Defn: Eatable growth of grass for horses and cattle, esp. that of aftermath.

EATER Eat"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, eats.

EATH Eath, a. & adv. Etym: [AS. eá.]

Defn: Easy or easily. [Obs.] "Eath to move with plaints." Fairfax.

EATING Eat"ing, n.

1. The act of tasking food; the act of consuming or corroding.

2. Something fit to be eaten; food; as, a peach is good eating. [Colloq.] Eating house, a house where cooked provisions are sold, to be eaten on the premises.

EAU DE COLOGNE Eau` de Co*logne". Etym: [F. eau water (L. aqua) + de of + Cologne.]

Defn: Same as Cologne.

EAU DE VIE Eau` de vie". Etym: [F., water of life; eau (L. aqua) water + de of + vie (L. vita) life.]

Defn: French name for brandy. Cf. Aqua vitæ, under Aqua. Bescherelle.

EAU FORTE Eau` forte" (o` fort"). [F., strong water, nitric acid (which is used in etching plates).] (Art)

Defn: An etching or a print from an etched plate.

EAVEDROP Eave"drop`, n.

Defn: A drop from the eaves; eavesdrop. [R.] Tennyson.

EAVES Eaves, n. pl. Etym: [OE. evese, pl. eveses, AS. efese eaves, brim, brink; akin to OHG. obisa, opasa, porch, hall, MHG. obse eaves, Icel. ups, Goth. ubizwa porch; cf. Icel. upsar-dropi, OSw. opsä-drup water dropping from the eaves. Probably from the root of E. over. The s of eaves is in English regarded as a plural ending, though not so in Saxon. See Over, and cf. Eavesdrop.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: The edges or lower borders of the roof of a building, which overhang the walls, and cast off the water that falls on the roof.

2. Brow; ridge. [Obs.] "Eaves of the hill." Wyclif.

3. Eyelids or eyelashes. And closing eaves of wearied eyes. Tennyson. Eaves board (Arch.), an arris fillet, or a thick board with a feather edge, nailed across the rafters at the eaves of a building, to raise the lower course of slates a little, or to receive the lowest course of tiles; -- called also eaves catch and eaves lath. -- Eaves channel, Eaves gutter, Eaves trough. Same as Gutter,

1. -- Eaves molding (Arch.), a molding immediately below the eaves, acting as a cornice or part of a cornice. -- Eaves swallow (Zoöl.). (a) The cliff swallow; -- so called from its habit of building retort-shaped nests of mud under the eaves of buildings. See Cliff swallow, under Cliff. (b) The European swallow.

EAVESDROP Eaves"drop`, v. i. Etym: [Eaves + drop.]

Defn: To stand under the eaves, near a window or at the door, of a house, to listen and learn what is said within doors; hence, to listen secretly to what is said in private. To eavesdrop in disguises. Milton.

EAVESDROP Eaves"drop`, n.

Defn: The water which falls in drops from the eaves of a house.

EAVESDROPPER Eaves"drop`per, n.

Defn: One who stands under the eaves, or near the window or door of a house, to listen; hence, a secret listener.

EAVESDROPPING Eaves"drop`ping, n. (Law)

Defn: The habit of lurking about dwelling houses, and other places where persons meet fro private intercourse, secretly listening to what is said, and then tattling it abroad. The offense is indictable at common law. Wharton.

EBB Ebb, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European bunting.

EBB Ebb, n. Etym: [AS. ebba; akin to Fries. ebba, D. eb, ebbe, Dan. & G. ebbe, Sw. ebb, cf. Goth. ibuks backward; prob. akin to E. even.]

1. The reflux or flowing back of the tide; the return of the tidal wave toward the sea; -- opposed to flood; as, the boats will go out on the ebb. Thou shoreless flood which in thy ebb and flow Claspest the limits of morality! Shelley.

2. The state or time of passing away; a falling from a better to a worse state; low state or condition; decline; decay. "Our ebb of life." Roscommon. Painting was then at its lowest ebb. Dryden. Ebb and flow, the alternate ebb and flood of the tide; often used figuratively. This alternation between unhealthy activity and depression, this ebb and flow of the industrial. A. T. Hadley.

EBB Ebb, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ebbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Ebbing.] Etym: [AS. ebbian; akin to D. & G. ebben, Dan. ebbe. See 2d Ebb.]

1. To flow back; to return, as the water of a tide toward the ocean; -- opposed to flow. That Power who bids the ocean ebb and flow. Pope.

2. To return or fall back from a better to a worse state; to decline; to decay; to recede. The hours of life ebb fast. Blackmore.

Syn. -- To recede; retire; withdraw; decay; decrease; wane; sink; lower.

EBB Ebb, v. t.

Defn: To cause to flow back. [Obs.] Ford.

EBB Ebb, a.

Defn: Receding; going out; falling; shallow; low. The water there is otherwise very low and ebb. Holland.

EBB TIDE Ebb" tide`.

Defn: The reflux of tide water; the retiring tide; -- opposed to flood tide.

EBIONITE E"bi*o*nite, n. Etym: [Heb. ebyonim poor people.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect of heretics, in the first centuries of the church, whose doctrine was a mixture of Judaism and Christianity. They denied the divinity of Christ, regarding him as an inspired messenger, and rejected much of the New Testament.

EBIONITISM E"bi*o*ni`tism, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: The system or doctrine of the Ebionites.

EBLANIN Eb"la*nin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Pyroxanthin.

EBLIS Eb"lis, n. Etym: [Ar. iblis.] (Moham. Myth.)

Defn: The prince of the evil spirits; Satan. [Written also Eblees.]

EBON Eb"on, a.

1. Consisting of ebony.

2. Like ebony, especially in color; black; dark. Night, sable goddess! from her ebon throne. Young.

EBON Eb"on, n.

Defn: Ebony. [Poetic] "Framed of ebon and ivory." Sir W. Scott.

EBONIST Eb"on*ist, n.

Defn: One who works in ebony.

EBONITE Eb"on*ite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A hard, black variety of vulcanite. It may be cut and polished, and is used for many small articles, as combs and buttons, and for insulating material in electric apparatus.

EBONIZE Eb"on*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ebonized; p. pr. & vb. n. Ebonizing.]

Defn: To make black, or stain black, in imitation of ebony; as, to ebonize wood.

EBONY Eb"on*y, n.; pl. Ebonies. Etym: [F. ébène, L. ebenus, fr. Gr. hobnim, pl. Cf. Ebon.]

Defn: A hard, heavy, and durable wood, which admits of a fine polish or gloss. The usual color is black, but it also occurs red or green.

Note: The finest black ebony is the heartwood of Diospyros reticulata, of the Mauritius. Other species of the same genus (D. Ebenum, Melanoxylon, etc.), furnish the ebony of the East Indies and Ceylon. The West Indian green ebony is from a leguminous tree (Brya Ebenus), and from the Excæcaria glandulosa.

EBONY Eb"on*y, a.

Defn: Made of ebony, or resembling ebony; black; as, an ebony countenance. This ebony bird beguiling my sad fancy into smiling. Poe.

EBRACTEATE E*brac"te*ate, a. Etym: [Pref. e- + bracteate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Without bracts.

EBRACTEOLATE E*brac"te*o*late, a. Etym: [Pref. e- + bracteolate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Without bracteoles, or little bracts; -- said of a pedicel or flower stalk.

EBRAUKE E*brau"ke, a. Etym: [L. Hebraicus: cf. F. Hébraïque.]

Defn: Hebrew. [Obs.] Chaucer.

EBRIETY E*bri"e*ty, n.; pl. Ebrieties. Etym: [L. ebrietas, from. ebrius intoxicated: cf. F. ébriéte. Cf. So.]

Defn: Drunkenness; intoxication by spirituous liquors; inebriety. "Ruinous ebriety." Cowper.

EBRILLADE E*bril"lade, n. Etym: [F.] (Man.)

Defn: A bridle check; a jerk of one rein, given to a horse when he refuses to turn.

EBRIOSITY E`bri*os"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. ebriositas, from ebriousus given to drinking, fr. ebrius. See Ebriety.]

Defn: Addiction to drink; habitual drunkenness.

EBRIOUS E"bri*ous, a. Etym: [L. ebrius.]

Defn: Inclined to drink to excess; intoxicated; tipsy. [R.] M. Collins.

EBULLIATE E*bul"li*ate, v. i.

Defn: To boil or bubble up. [Obs.] Prynne.

EBULLIENCE; EBULLIENCY E*bul"lience, E*bul"lien*cy, n.

Defn: A boiling up or over; effervescence. Cudworth.

EBULLIENT E*bul"lient, a. Etym: [L. ebulliens, -entis, p. pr. of ebullire to boil up, bubble up; e out, from + bullire to boil. See 1st Boil.]

Defn: Boiling up or over; hence, manifesting exhilaration or excitement, as of feeling; effervescing. "Ebullient with subtlety." De Quincey. The ebullient enthusiasm of the French. Carlyle.

EBULLIOSCOPE E*bul"li*o*scope, n. Etym: [L. ebullire to boil up + -scope.] (Phys. Chem.)

Defn: An instrument for observing the boiling point of liquids, especially for determining the alcoholic strength of a mixture by the temperature at which it boils.

EBULLITION Eb`ul*li"tion, n. Etym: [F. ébullition, L. ebullitio, fr. ebullire. See Ebullient.]

1. A boiling or bubbling up of a liquid; the motion produced in a liquid by its rapid conversion into vapor.

2. Effervescence occasioned by fermentation or by any other process which causes the liberation of a gas or an aëriform fluid, as in the mixture of an acid with a carbonated alkali. [Formerly written bullition.]

3. A sudden burst or violent display; an outburst; as, an ebullition of anger or ill temper.

EBURIN Eb"ur*in, n.

Defn: A composition of dust of ivory or of bone with a cement; -- used for imitations of valuable stones and in making moldings, seals, etc. Knight.

EBURNATION E`bur*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. eburnus of ivory, fr. ebur ivory: cf. F. éburnation. See Ivory.] (Med.)

Defn: A condition of bone cartilage occurring in certain diseases of these tissues, in which they acquire an unnatural density, and come to resemble ivory.

EBURNEAN E*bur"ne*an, a. Etym: [L. eburneus, fr. ebur ivory. See Ivory.]

Defn: Made of or relating to ivory.

EBURNIFICATION E*bur`ni*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. eburnus of ivory (fr. ebur ivory) + facere to make.]

Defn: The conversion of certain substances into others which have the appearance or characteristics of ivory.

EBURNINE Eb"ur*nine, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ivory. "[She] read from tablet eburnine." Sir W. Scott.

ECARDINES E*car"di*nes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. e out, without + cardo a hinge.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Brachiopoda; the Lyopomata. See Brachiopoda.

ECARTE É`car`té", n. Etym: [F., prop. fr. écarter to reject, discard.]

Defn: A game at cards, played usually by two persons, in which the players may discard any or all of the cards dealt and receive others from the pack.

ECAUDATE E*cau"date, a. Etym: [Pref. e- + caudate.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Without a tail or spur.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Tailless.

ECBALLIUM Ec*bal"li*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Ecbole.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of cucurbitaceous plants consisting of the single species Ecballium agreste (or Elaterium), the squirting cucumber. Its fruit, when ripe, bursts and violently ejects its seeds, together with a mucilaginous juice, from which elaterium, a powerful cathartic medicine, is prepared.

ECBASIS Ec"ba*sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure in which the orator treats of things according to their events consequences.

ECBATIC Ec*bat"ic, a. Etym: [See Ecbasis.] (Gram.)

Defn: Denoting a mere result or consequence, as distinguished from telic, which denotes intention or purpose; thus the phrase so that it was fulfilled," is ecbatic; if rendered "in order that it might be." etc., is telic.

ECBOLE Ec"bo*le, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A digression in which a person is introduced speaking his own words.

ECBOLIC Ec*bol"ic, n. Etym: [See Ecbole.] (Med.)

Defn: A drug, as ergot, which by exciting uterine contractions promotes the expulsion of the contents of the uterus.

ECBOLINE Ec"bo*line (; 104), n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid constituting the active principle of ergot; -- so named from its power of producing abortion.

ECCALEOBION Ec`ca*le*o"bi*on, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A contrivance for hatching eggs by artificial heat.

ECCE HOMO Ec"ce ho"mo. Etym: [L., behold the man. See John xix. 5.] (Paint.)

Defn: A picture which represents the Savior as given up to the people by Pilate, and wearing a crown of thorns.

ECCENTRIC Ec*cen"tric, a. Etym: [F. excentrique, formerly also spelled eccentrique, fr. LL. eccentros out of the center, eccentric, Gr. Ex-, and Center, and cf. Excentral.]

1. Deviating or departing from the center, or from the line of a circle; as, an eccentric or elliptical orbit; pertaining to deviation from the center or from true circular motion.

2. Not having the same center; -- said of circles, ellipses, spheres, etc., which, though coinciding, either in whole or in part, as to area or volume, have not the same center; -- opposed to concentric.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: Pertaining to an eccentric; as, the eccentric rod in a steam engine.

4. Not coincident as to motive or end. His own ends, which must needs be often eccentric to those of his master. Bacon.

5. Deviating from stated methods, usual practice, or established forms or laws; deviating from an appointed sphere or way; departing from the usual course; irregular; anomalous; odd; as, eccentric conduct. "This brave and eccentric young man." Macaulay. He shines eccentric, like a comet's blaze. Savage. Eccentric anomaly. (Astron.) See Anomaly. -- Eccentric chuck (Mach.), a lathe chuck so constructed that the work held by it may be altered as to its center of motion, so as to produce combinations of eccentric combinations of eccentric circles. -- Eccentric gear. (Mach.) (a) The whole apparatus, strap, and other parts, by which the motion of an eccentric is transmitted, as in the steam engine. (b) A cogwheel set to turn about an eccentric axis used to give variable rotation. -- Eccentric hook or gab, a hook-shaped journal box on the end of an eccentric rod, opposite the strap. -- Eccentric rod, the rod that connects as eccentric strap with any part to be acted upon by the eccentric. -- Eccentric sheave, or Eccentric pulley, an eccentric. -- Eccentric strap, the ring, operating as a journal box, that encircles and receives motion from an eccentric; -- called also eccentric hoop.

Syn. -- Irregular; anomalous; singular; odd; peculiar; erratic; idiosyncratic; strange; whimsical.

ECCENTRIC Ec*cen"tric, n.

1. A circle not having the same center as another contained in some measure within the first.

2. One who, or that which, deviates from regularity; an anomalous or irregular person or thing.

3. (Astron.) (a) In the Ptolemaic system, the supposed circular orbit of a planet about the earth, but with the earth not in its center. (b) A circle described about the center of an elliptical orbit, with half the major axis for radius. Hutton.

4. (Mach.)

Defn: A disk or wheel so arranged upon a shaft that the center of the wheel and that of the shaft do not coincide. It is used for operating valves in steam engines, and for other purposes. The motion derived is precisely that of a crank having the same throw. Back eccentric, the eccentric that reverses or backs the valve gear and the engine. -- Fore eccentric, the eccentric that imparts a forward motion to the valve gear and the engine.

ECCENTRICAL Ec*cen"tric*al, a.

Defn: See Eccentric.

ECCENTRICALLY Ec*cen"tric*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an eccentric manner. Drove eccentrically here and there. Lew Wallace.

ECCENTRICITY Ec`cen*tric"i*ty, n.; pl. Eccentricities. Etym: [Cf. F. excentricité.]

1. The state of being eccentric; deviation from the customary line of conduct; oddity.

2. (Math.)

Defn: The ratio of the distance between the center and the focus of an ellipse or hyperbola to its semi-transverse axis.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: The ratio of the distance of the center of the orbit of a heavenly body from the center of the body round which it revolves to the semi-transverse axis of the orbit.

4. (Mech.)

Defn: The distance of the center of figure of a body, as of an eccentric, from an axis about which it turns; the throw.

ECCHYMOSE Ec"chy*mose, v. t. (Med.)

Defn: To discolor by the production of an ecchymosis, or effusion of blood, beneath the skin; -- chiefly used in the passive form; as, the parts were much ecchymosed.

ECCHYMOSIS Ec`chy*mo"sis, n.; pl. Ecchymoses (. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A livid or black and blue spot, produced by the extravasation or effusion of blood into the areolar tissue from a contusion.

ECCHYMOTIC Ec`chy*mot"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to ecchymosis.

ECCLE Ec"cle, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European green woodpecker; -- also called ecall, eaquall, yaffle. [Prov. Eng.]

ECCLESIA Ec*cle"si*a, n.; pl. Ecclesiæ (. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: The public legislative assembly of the Athenians.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: A church, either as a body or as a building.

ECCLESIAL Ec*cle"si*al, a.

Defn: Ecclesiastical. [Obs.] Milton.

ECCLESIARCH Ec*cle"si*arch, n. Etym: [LL. ecclesiarcha, fr. Gr. ecclésiarque.]

Defn: An official of the Eastern Church, resembling a sacrist in the Western Church.

ECCLESIAST Ec*cle"si*ast, n.

1. An ecclesiastic. Chaucer.

2. The Apocryphal book of Ecclesiasticus. [Obs.]

ECCLESIASTES Ec*cle`si*as"tes, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Ecclesiastic, a.]

Defn: One of the canonical books of the Old Testament.

ECCLESIASTIC Ec*cle`si*as"tic, a. Etym: [L. ecclesiasticus, Gr. Ex-, and Hale, v. t., Haul.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the church. See Ecclesiastical. "Ecclesiastic government." Swift.

ECCLESIASTIC Ec*cle`si*as"tic, n.

Defn: A person in holy orders, or consecrated to the service of the church and the ministry of religion; a clergyman; a priest. From a humble ecclesiastic, he was subsequently preferred to the highest dignities of the church. Prescott.

ECCLESIASTICAL Ec*cle`si*as"tic*al, a. Etym: [See Ecclesiastical, a.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the church; relating to the organization or government of the church; not secular; as, ecclesiastical affairs or history; ecclesiastical courts. Every circumstance of ecclesiastical order and discipline was an abomination. Cowper. Ecclesiastical commissioners for England, a permanent commission established by Parliament in 1836, to consider and report upon the affairs of the Established Church. -- Ecclesiastical courts, courts for maintaining the discipline of the Established Church; -- called also Christian courts. [Eng.] -- Ecclesiastical law, a combination of civil and canon law as administered in ecclesiastical courts. [Eng.] -- Ecclesiastical modes (Mus.), the church modes, or the scales anciently used. -- Ecclesiastical States, the territory formerly subject to the Pope of Rome as its temporal ruler; -- called also States of the Church.

ECCLESIASTICALLY Ec*cle`si*as"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ecclesiastical manner; according ecclesiastical rules.

ECCLESIASTICISM Ec*cle`si*as"ti*cism, n.

Defn: Strong attachment to ecclesiastical usages, forms, etc.

ECCLESIASTICUS Ec*cle`si*as"ti*cus, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A book of the Apocrypha.

ECCLESIOLOGICAL Ec*cle`si*o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Belonging to ecclesiology.

ECCLESIOLOGIST Ec*cle`si*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in ecclesiology.

ECCLESIOLOGY Ec*cle`si*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Ecclesia + -logy.]

Defn: The science or theory of church building and decoration.

ECCRITIC Ec*crit"ic, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A remedy which promotes discharges, as an emetic, or a cathartic.

ECDERON Ec"der*on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: See Ecteron. -- Ec`der*on"ic, a.

ECDYSIS Ec"dy*sis, n.; pl. Ecdyses. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`kdysis a getting out, fr. 'ekdy`ein, to put off; 'ek out + dy`ein to enter.] (Biol.)

Defn: The act of shedding, or casting off, an outer cuticular layer, as in the case of serpents, lobsters, etc.; a coming out; as, the ecdysis of the pupa from its shell; exuviation.

ECGONINE Ec"go*nine (; 104), n. Etym: [Gr. 'e`kgonos sprung from.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, crystalline, nitrogenous base, obtained by the decomposition of cocaine.

ECHAUGUETTE (), n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A small chamber or place of protection for a sentinel, usually in the form of a projecting turret, or the like. See Castle.

ECHE Ech"e, a. or a. pron.

Defn: Each. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ECHELON Ech"e*lon, n. Etym: [F., fr. échelle ladder, fr. L. scala.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: An arrangement of a body of troops when its divisions are drawn up in parallel lines each to the right or the left of the one in advance of it, like the steps of a ladder in position for climbing. Also used adjectively; as, echelon distance. Upton (Tactics).

2. (Naval)

Defn: An arrangement of a fleet in a wedge or Encyc. Dict. Echelon lens (Optics), a large lens constructed in several parts or layers, extending in a succession of annular rings beyond the central lens; - - used in lighthouses.

ECHELON Ech"e*lon, v. t. (Mil.)

Defn: To place in echelon; to station divisions of troops in echelon.

ECHELON Ech"e*lon, v. i.

Defn: To take position in echelon. Change direction to the left, echelon by battalion from the right. Upton (Tactics).

ECHIDNA E*chid"na, n. Etym: [L., a viper, adder, Gr.

1. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: A monster, half maid and half serpent.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Monotremata found in Australia, Tasmania, and New Guinea. They are toothless and covered with spines; -- called also porcupine ant-eater, and Australian ant-eater.

ECHIDNINE E*chid"nine (; 104), n. Etym: [See Echidna.] (Chem.)

Defn: The clear, viscid fluid secreted by the poison glands of certain serpents; also, a nitrogenous base contained in this, and supposed to be the active poisonous principle of the virus. Brande & C.

ECHINATE; ECHINATED Ech"i*nate, Ech"i*na`ted, a. Etym: [L. echinatus. See Echinus.]

Defn: Set with prickles; prickly, like a hedgehog; bristled; as, an echinated pericarp.

ECHINID E*chi"nid, a. & n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Echinoid.

ECHINIDAN E*chin"i*dan, n. Etym: [Cf. F. échinide.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One the Echinoidea.

ECHINITAL E*chin"i*tal, a.

Defn: Of, or like, an echinite.

ECHINITE Ech"i*nite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. échinite. See Echinus.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil echinoid.

ECHINOCOCCUS E*chi`no*coc"cus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A parasite of man and of many domestic and wild animals, forming compound cysts or tumors (called hydatid cysts) in various organs, but especially in the liver and lungs, which often cause death. It is the larval stage of the Tænia echinococcus, a small tapeworm peculiar to the dog.

ECHINODERM E*chin"o*derm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Echinodermata.

ECHINODERMAL E*chi`no*der"mal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Relating or belonging to the echinoderms.

ECHINODERMATA E*chi`no*der"ma*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom. By many writers it was formerly included in the Radiata. [Written also Echinoderma.]

Note: The species usually have an exterior calcareous skeleton, or shell, made of many pieces, and often covered with spines, to which the name. They may be star-shaped, cylindrical, disk-shaped, or more or less spherical. The body consists of several similar parts (spheromeres) repeated symmetrically around a central axis, at one end of which the mouth is situated. They generally have suckers for locomotion. The group includes the following classes: Crinoidea, Asterioidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, and Holothurioidea. See these words in the Vocabulary, and also Ambulacrum.

ECHINODERMATOUS E*chi`no*der"ma*tous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Relating to Echinodermata; echinodermal.

ECHINOID E*chi"noid, a. Etym: [Echinus + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Echinoidea. -- n.

Defn: One of the Echinoidea.

ECHINOIDEA Ech`i*noi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Echinus, and -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The class Echinodermata which includes the sea urchins. They have a calcareous, usually more or less spheroidal or disk-shaped, composed of many united plates, and covered with movable spines. See Spatangoid, Clypeastroid. [Written also Echinidea, and Echinoida.]

ECHINOZOA E*chi`no*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Echinodermata.

ECHINULATE E*chin"u*late, a. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Set with small spines or prickles.

ECHINUS E*chi"nus, n.; pl. Echini. Etym: [L., a hedgehog, sea urchin, Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hedgehog.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of echinoderms, including the common edible sea urchin of Europe.

3. (Arch.) (a) The rounded molding forming the bell of the capital of the Grecian Doric style, which is of a peculiar elastic curve. See Entablature. (b) The quarter-round molding (ovolo) of the Roman Doric style. See Illust. of Column (c) A name sometimes given to the egg and anchor or egg and dart molding, because that ornament is often identified with Roman Doric capital. The name probably alludes to the shape of the shell of the sea urchin.

ECHIUROIDEA Ech`i*u*roi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. echiurus, the name of one genus (Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Annelida which includes the genus Echiurus and allies. They are often classed among the Gephyrea, and called the armed Gephyreans.

ECHO Ech"o, n.; pl. Echoes. Etym: [L. echo, Gr. va to sound, bellow; perh. akin to E. voice: cf. F. écho.]

1. A sound reflected from an opposing surface and repeated to the ear of a listener; repercussion of sound; repetition of a sound. The babbling echo mocks the hounds. Shak. The woods shall answer, and the echo ring. Pope.

2. Fig.: Sympathetic recognition; response; answer. Fame is the echo of actions, resounding them. Fuller. Many kind, and sincere speeches found an echo in his heart. R. L. Stevenson.

3. (a) (Myth. & Poetic) A wood or mountain nymph, regarded as repeating, and causing the reverberation of them. Sweet Echo, sweetest nymph, that liv'st unseen Within thy airy shell. Milton. (b) (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: A nymph, the daughter of Air and Earth, who, for love of Narcissus, pined away until nothing was left of her but her voice. Compelled me to awake the courteous Echo To give me answer from her mossy couch. Milton. Echo organ (Mus.), a set organ pipes inclosed in a box so as to produce a soft, distant effect; -- generally superseded by the swell. -- Echo stop (Mus.), a stop upon a harpsichord contrived for producing the soft effect of distant sound. -- To applaud to the echo, to give loud and continuous applause. M. Arnold. I would applaud thee to the very echo, That should applaud again. Shak.

ECHO Ech"o, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Echoed; p. pr. & vb. n. Echoing. -- 3d pers. sing. pres. Echoes (.]

1. To send back (a sound); to repeat in sound; to reverberate. Those peals are echoed by the Trojan throng. Dryden. The wondrous sound Is echoed on forever. Keble.

2. To repeat with assent; to respond; to adopt. They would have echoed the praises of the men whom they Macaulay.

ECHO Ech"o, v. i.

Defn: To give an echo; to resound; to be sounded back; as, the hall echoed with acclamations. "Echoing noise." Blackmore.

ECHOER Ech"o*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, echoes.

ECHOLESS Ech"o*less, a.

Defn: Without echo or response.

ECHOMETER E*chom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. échomètre.] (Mus)

Defn: A graduated scale for measuring the duration of sounds, and determining their different, and the relation of their intervals. J. J. Rousseau.

ECHOMETRY E*chom"e*try, n. Etym: [Cf. F. échométrie.]

1. The art of measuring the duration of sounds or echoes.

2. The art of constructing vaults to produce echoes.

ECHON; ECHOON Ech*on", Ech*oon", pron.

Defn: Each one. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ECHOPATHY E*chop"a*thy, n. [Echo + -pathy, as in homeopathy.] (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition characterized by automatic and purposeless repetition of words or imitation of actions.

ECHOSCOPE Ech"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.] (Med.)

Defn: An instrument for intensifying sounds produced by percussion of the thorax. Knight.

ECLAIR e`clair", n. Etym: [F.] (Cookery)

Defn: A kind of frosted cake, containing flavored cream.

ECLAIRCISE E*clair"cise, v. t. Etym: [F. éclaircir; pref. es- (L. ex) + clair clear, L. clarus.]

Defn: To make clear; to clear up what is obscure or not understood; to explain.

ECLAIRCISSEMENT E*clair"cisse*ment, n. Etym: [F., fr. éclaircir. See Eclaircise, v. t.]

Defn: The clearing up of anything which is obscure or not easily understood; an explanation. The eclaircissement ended in the discovery of the informer. Clarendon.

ECLAMPSIA Ec*lamp"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A fancied perception of flashes of light, a symptom of epilepsy; hence, epilepsy itself; convulsions.

Note: The term is generally restricted to a convulsive affection attending pregnancy and parturition, and to infantile convulsions.

ECLAMPSY Ec*lamp"sy, n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Eclampsia.

ECLAT E*clat", n. Etym: [F. éclat a fragment, splinter, explosion, brilliancy, splendor, fr. éclater to splinter, burst, explode, shine brilliantly, prob. of German origin; cf. OHG. sleizan to slit, split, fr. slizan, G. schleissen; akin to E. slit.]

1. Brilliancy of success or effort; splendor; brilliant show; striking effect; glory; renown. "The eclat of Homer's battles." Pope.

2. Demonstration of admiration and approbation; applause. Prescott.

ECLECTIC Ec*lec"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. éclectique. See Eclogue, and cf. Elect.]

1. Selecting; choosing (what is true or excellent in doctrines, opinions, etc.) from various sources or systems; as, an eclectic philosopher.

2. Consisting, or made up, of what is chosen or selected; as, an eclectic method; an eclectic magazine. Eclectic physician, one of a class of practitioners of medicine, who select their modes of practice and medicines from all schools; formerly, sometimes the same as botanic physician. [U.S.] -- Eclectic school. (Paint.) See Bolognese school, under Bolognese.

ECLECTIC Ec*lec"tic, n.

Defn: One who follows an eclectic method.

ECLECTICALLY Ec*lec"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an eclectic manner; by an eclectic method.

ECLECTICISM Ec*lec"ti*cism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. éclecticisme. Cf. Electicism.]

Defn: Theory or practice of an eclectic.

ECLEGM Ec*legm", n. Etym: [F. éclegme, L. ecligma, fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine made by mixing oils with sirups. John Quincy.

ECLIPSE E*clipse", n. Etym: [F. éclipse, L. eclipsis, fr. Gr. Ex-, and Loan.]

1. (Astron.)

Defn: An interception or obscuration of the light of the sun, moon, or other luminous body, by the intervention of some other body, either between it and the eye, or between the luminous body and that illuminated by it. A lunar eclipse is caused by the moon passing through the earth's shadow; a solar eclipse, by the moon coming between the sun and the observer. A satellite is eclipsed by entering the shadow of its primary. The obscuration of a planet or star by the moon or a planet, though of the nature of an eclipse, is called an occultation. The eclipse of a small portion of the sun by Mercury or Venus is called a transit of the planet.

Note: In ancient times, eclipses were, and among unenlightened people they still are, superstitiously regarded as forerunners of evil fortune, a sentiment of which occasional use is made in literature. That fatal and perfidious bark, Built in the eclipse, and rigged with curses dark. Milton.

2. The loss, usually temporary or partial, of light, brilliancy, luster, honor, consciousness, etc.; obscuration; gloom; darkness. All the posterity of our fist parents suffered a perpetual eclipse of spiritual life. Sir W. Raleigh. As in the soft and sweet eclipse, When soul meets soul on lovers' lips. Shelley. Annular eclipse. (Astron.) See under Annular. -- Cycle of eclipses. See under Cycle.

ECLIPSE E*clipse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eclipsed; p. pr. & vb. n. Eclipsing.]

1. To cause the obscuration of; to darken or hide; -- said of a heavenly body; as, the moon eclipses the sun.

2. To obscure, darken, or extinguish the beauty, luster, honor, etc., of; to sully; to cloud; to throw into the shade by surpassing. "His eclipsed state." Dryden. My joy of liberty is half eclipsed. Shak.

ECLIPSE E*clipse", v. i.

Defn: To suffer an eclipse. While the laboring moon Eclipses at their charms. Milton.

ECLIPTIC E*clip"tic, n. Etym: [Cf. F. écliptique, L. linea ecliptica, Gr. Ecliptic, a.]

1. (Astron.)

Defn: A great circle of the celestial sphere, making an angle with the equinoctial of about 23º 28'. It is the apparent path of the sun, or the real path of the earth as seen from the sun.

2. (Geog.)

Defn: A great circle drawn on a terrestrial globe, making an angle of 23º 28' with the equator; -- used for illustrating and solving astronomical problems.

ECLIPTIC E*clip"tic, a. Etym: [L. eclipticus belonging to an eclipse, Gr. Eclipse.]

1. Pertaining to the ecliptic; as, the ecliptic way.

2. Pertaining to an eclipse or to eclipses. Lunar ecliptic limit (Astron.), the space of 12º on the moon's orbit from the node, within which, if the moon happens to be at full, it will be eclipsed. -- Solar ecliptic limit, the space of 17º from the lunar node, within which, if a conjunction of the sun and moon occur, the sun will be eclipsed.

ECLOGITE Ec"lo*gite, n. Etym: [See Ecloque.] (Min.)

Defn: A rock consisting of granular red garnet, light green smaragdite, and common hornblende; -- so called in reference to its beauty.

ECLOGUE Ec"logue, n. Etym: [L. ecloga, Gr. égloque, écloque. See Ex-, and Legend.]

Defn: A pastoral poem, in which shepherds are introduced conversing with each other; a bucolic; an idyl; as, the Ecloques of Virgil, from which the modern usage of the word has been established.

ECONOMIC; ECONOMICAL E`co*nom"ic, E`co*nom"ic*al, a. Etym: [F. économique, L. oeconomicus orderly, methodical, Gr. Economy.]

1. Pertaining to the household; domestic. "In this economical misfortune [of ill-assorted matrimony.]" Milton.

2. Relating to domestic economy, or to the management of household affairs. And doth employ her economic art And busy care, her household to preserve. Sir J. Davies.

3. Managing with frugality; guarding against waste or unnecessary expense; careful and frugal in management and in expenditure; -- said of character or habits. Just rich enough, with economic care, To save a pittance. Harte.

4. Managed with frugality; not marked with waste or extravagance; frugal; -- said of acts; saving; as, an economical use of money or of time.

5. Relating to the means of living, or the resources and wealth of a country; relating to political economy; as, economic purposes; economical truths. These matters economical and political. J. C. Shairp. There was no economical distress in England to prompt the enterprises of colonization. Palfrey. Economic questions, such as money, usury, taxes, lands, and the employment of the people. H. C. Baird.

6. Regulative; relating to the adaptation of means to an end. Grew.

Note: Economical is the usual form when meaning frugal, saving; economic is the form commonly used when meaning pertaining to the management of a household, or of public affairs.

ECONOMICALLY E`co*nom"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: With economy; with careful management; with prudence in expenditure.

ECONOMICS E`co*nom"ics, n. Etym: [Gr. Economic.]

1. The science of household affairs, or of domestic management.

2. Political economy; the science of the utilities or the useful application of wealth or material resources. See Political economy, under Political. "In politics and economics." V. Knox.

ECONOMIST E*con"o*mist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. économiste.]

1. One who economizes, or manages domestic or other concerns with frugality; one who expends money, time, or labor, judiciously, and without waste. "Economists even to parsimony." Burke.

2. One who is conversant with political economy; a student of economics.

ECONOMIZATION E*con`o*mi*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or practice of using to the best effect. [R.] H. Spenser.

ECONOMIZE E*con"o*mize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Economized; p. pr. & vb. n. Economizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. économiser.]

Defn: To manage with economy; to use with prudence; to expend with frugality; as, to economize one's income. [Written also economise.] Expenses in the city were to be economized. Jowett (Thucyd. ). Calculating how to economize time. W. Irving.

ECONOMIZE E*con"o*mize, v. i.

Defn: To be prudently sparing in expenditure; to be frugal and saving; as, to economize in order to grow rich. [Written also economise.] Milton.

ECONOMIZER E*con"o*mi`zer, n.

1. One who, or that which, economizes.

2. Specifically: (Steam Boilers) An arrangement of pipes for heating feed water by waste heat in the gases passing to the chimney.

ECONOMY E*con"o*my, n.; pl. Economies. Etym: [F. économie, L. oeconomia household management, fr. Gr. vicus village, E. vicinity) + Vicinity, Nomad.]

1. The management of domestic affairs; the regulation and government of household matters; especially as they concern expense or disbursement; as, a careful economy. Himself busy in charge of the household economies. Froude.

2. Orderly arrangement and management of the internal affairs of a state or of any establishment kept up by production and consumption; esp., such management as directly concerns wealth; as, political economy.

3. The system of rules and regulations by which anything is managed; orderly system of regulating the distribution and uses of parts, conceived as the result of wise and economical adaptation in the author, whether human or divine; as, the animal or vegetable economy; the economy of a poem; the Jewish economy. The position which they [the verb and adjective] hold in the general economy of language. Earle. In the Greek poets, as also in Plautus, we shall see the economy . . . of poems better observed than in Terence. B. Jonson. The Jews already had a Sabbath, which, as citizens and subjects of that economy, they were obliged to keep. Paley.

4. Thrifty and frugal housekeeping; management without loss or waste; frugality in expenditure; prudence and disposition to save; as, a housekeeper accustomed to economy but not to parsimony. Political economy. See under Political.

Syn. -- Economy, Frugality, Parsimony. Economy avoids all waste and extravagance, and applies money to the best advantage; frugality cuts off indulgences, and proceeds on a system of saving. The latter conveys the idea of not using or spending superfluously, and is opposed to lavishness or profusion. Frugality is usually applied to matters of consumption, and commonly points to simplicity of manners; parsimony is frugality carried to an extreme, involving meanness of spirit, and a sordid mode of living. Economy is a virtue, and parsimony a vice.

I have no other notion of economy than that it is the parent to liberty and ease. Swift. The father was more given to frugality, and the son to riotousness [luxuriousness]. Golding.

ECORCHE (), n. Etym: [F.] (Fine Arts)

Defn: A manikin, or image, representing an animal, especially man, with the skin removed so that the muscles are exposed for purposes of study.

ECOSSAISE e`cos`saise", n. Etym: [F.] (Mus.)

Defn: A dancing tune in the Scotch style.

ECOSTATE E*cos"tate, a. Etym: [Pref. e- + costate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having no ribs or nerves; -- said of a leaf.

ECOUTE e`coute", n. Etym: [F., a listening place.] (Mil.)

Defn: One of the small galleries run out in front of the glacis. They serve to annoy the enemy's miners.

ECPHASIS Ec"pha*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: An explicit declaration.

ECPHONEMA Ec`pho*ne"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A breaking out with some interjectional particle.

ECPHONEME Ec"pho*neme, n. Etym: [See Ecphonema.]

Defn: A mark (!) used to indicate an exclamation. G. Brown.

ECPHONESIS Ec`pho*ne"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Ecphonema.] (Rhet.)

Defn: An animated or passionate exclamation. The feelings by the ecphonesis are very various. Gibbs.

ECPHRACTIC Ec*phrac"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. ecphractique.] (Med.)

Defn: Serving to dissolve or attenuate viscid matter, and so to remove obstructions; deobstruent. -- n.

Defn: An ecphractic medicine. Harvey.

ECRASEMENT e`crase`ment", n. Etym: [F.] (Surg.)

Defn: The operation performed with an écraseur.

ECRASEUR e`cra`seur", n. Etym: [F., fr. écraser to crush.] (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument intended to replace the knife in many operations, the parts operated on being severed by the crushing effect produced by the gradual tightening of a steel chain, so that hemorrhage rarely follows.

ECRU e`cru", a. Etym: [F., fr. L. crudus raw.]

Defn: Having the color or appearance of unbleached stuff, as silk, linen, or the like.

ECSTASY Ec"sta*sy, n.; pl. Ecstasies. Etym: [F. extase, L. ecstasis, fr. Gr. Ex-, and Stand.] [Also written extasy.]

1. The state of being beside one's self or rapt out of one's self; a state in which the mind is elevated above the reach of ordinary impressions, as when under the influence of overpowering emotion; an extraordinary elevation of the spirit, as when the soul, unconscious of sensible objects, is supposed to contemplate heavenly mysteries. Like a mad prophet in an ecstasy. Dryden. This is the very ecstasy of love. Shak.

2. Excessive and overmastering joy or enthusiasm; rapture; enthusiastic delight. He on the tender grass Would sit, and hearken even to ecstasy. Milton.

3. Violent distraction of mind; violent emotion; excessive grief of anxiety; insanity; madness. [Obs.] That unmatched form and feature of blown youth Blasted with ecstasy. Shak. Our words will but increase his ecstasy. Marlowe.

4. (Med.)

Defn: A state which consists in total suspension of sensibility, of voluntary motion, and largely of mental power. The body is erect and inflexible; the pulsation and breathing are not affected. Mayne.

ECSTASY Ec"sta*sy, v. t.

Defn: To fill ecstasy, or with rapture or enthusiasm. [Obs.] The most ecstasied order of holy . . . spirits. Jer. Taylor.

ECSTATIC Ec*stat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. extatique. See Ecstasy, n.]

1. Pertaining to, or caused by, ecstasy or excessive emotion; of the nature, or in a state, of ecstasy; as, ecstatic gaze; ecstatic trance. This ecstatic fit of love and jealousy. Hammond.

2. Delightful beyond measure; rapturous; ravishing; as, ecstatic bliss or joy.

ECSTATIC Ec*stat"ic, n.

Defn: An enthusiast. [R.] Gauden.

ECSTATICAL Ec*stat"ic*al, a.

1. Ecstatic. Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. Tending to external objects. [R.] Norris.

ECSTATICALLY Ec*stat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Rapturously; ravishingly.

ECT-; ECTO- Ect-, Ec"to-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A combining form signifying without, outside, external.

ECTAD Ec"tad, adv. Etym: [Ect- + L. ad towards.] (Anat.)

Defn: Toward the outside or surface; -- opposed to entad. B. G. Wilder.

ECTAL Ec"tal, a. Etym: [See Ect-.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or situated near, the surface; outer; -- opposed to ental. B. G. Wilder.

ECTASIA Ec*ta"si*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Ectasis.] (Med.)

Defn: A dilatation of a hollow organ or of a canal.

ECTASIS Ec"ta*sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Pros.)

Defn: The lengthening of a syllable from short to long.

ECTENTAL Ec*ten"tal, a. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to, or connected with, the two primitive germ layers, the ectoderm and ectoderm; as, the "ectental line" or line of juncture of the two layers in the segmentation of the ovum. C. S. Minot.

ECTERON Ec"ter*on, n. Etym: [See Ect-.] (Anat.)

Defn: The external layer of the skin and mucous membranes; epithelium; ecderon. -- Ec`ter*on"ic, a.

ECTETHMOID Ec*teth"moid, a. Etym: [Ect- + ethmoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: External to the ethmoid; prefrontal.

ECTHLIPSIS Ec*thlip"sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. The dropping out or suppression from a word of a consonant, with or without a vowel.

2. (Lat. Pros.)

Defn: The elision of a final m, with the preceding vowel, before a word beginning with a vowel.

ECTHOREUM Ec`tho*re"um, n.; pl. Ecthorea. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The slender, hollow thread of a nettling cell or cnida. See Nettling cell. [Written also ecthoræum.]

ECTHYMA Ec*thy"ma, n.; pl. Ecthymata. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A cutaneous eruption, consisting of large, round pustules, upon an indurated and inflamed base. Dunglison.

ECTO- Ec"to-.

Defn: See Ect-.

ECTOBLAST Ec"to*blast, n. Etym: [Ecto- + Gr. (Biol.) (a) The outer layer of the blastoderm; the epiblast; the ectoderm. (b) The outer envelope of a cell; the cell wall. Agassiz.

ECTOBRONCHIUM Ec`to*bron"chi*um, n.; pl. Ectobronchia. Etym: [NL. See Ecto-, and Bronchia.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the dorsal branches of the main bronchi in the lungs of birds.

ECTOCUNERIFORM; ECTOCUNIFORM Ec`to*cu*ne"ri*form, Ec`to*cu"ni*form, n. Etym: [Ecto- + cuneiform, cuniform.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the bones of the tarsus. See Cuneiform.

ECTOCYST Ec"to*cyst, n. Etym: [Ecto- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The outside covering of the Bryozoa.

ECTODERM Ec"to*derm, n. Etym: [Ecto- + -derm.] (Biol.) (a) The outer layer of the blastoderm; epiblast. (b) The external skin or outer layer of an animal or plant, this being formed in an animal from the epiblast. See Illust. of Blastoderm.

ECTODERMAL; ECTODERMIC Ec`to*der"mal, Ec`to*der"mic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or relating to the ectoderm.

ECTOLECITHAL Ec`to*lec"i*thal, a. Etym: [Ecto- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Having the food yolk, at the commencement of segmentation, in a peripheral position, and the cleavage process confined to the center of the egg; as, ectolecithal ova.

ECTOMERE Ec"to*mere, n. Etym: [Ecto- + -mere.] (Biol.)

Defn: The more transparent cells, which finally become external, in many segmenting ova, as those of mammals.

ECTOPARASITE Ec`to*par"a*site, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any parasite which lives on the exterior of animals; -- opposed to endoparasite. -- Ec`to*par`a*sit"ic, a.

ECTOPIA Ec*to"pi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid displacement of parts, especially such as is congenial; as, ectopia of the heart, or of the bladder.

ECTOPIC Ec*top"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Out of place; congenitally displaced; as, an ectopic organ.

ECTOPLASM Ec"to*plasm, n. Etym: [Ecto- + Gr. (Biol.) (a) The outer transparent layer of protoplasm in a developing ovum. (b) The outer hyaline layer of protoplasm in a vegetable cell. (c) The ectosarc of protozoan.

ECTOPLASTIC Ec`to*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Ecto- + Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to, or composed of, ectoplasm.

ECTOPROCTA Ec`to*proc"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Bryozoa in which the anus lies outside the circle of tentacles.

ECTOPY Ec"to*py, n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Ectopia.

ECTORGANISM Ect*or"gan*ism, n. Etym: [Ect- + organism.] (Biol.)

Defn: An external parasitic organism.

ECTOSARC Ec"to*sarc, n. Etym: [Ecto- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The semisolid external layer of protoplasm in some unicellular organisms, as the amoeba; ectoplasm; exoplasm.

ECTOSTEAL Ec*tos"te*al, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to ectostosis; as, ectosteal ossification.

ECTOSTOSIS Ec`tos*to"sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Ect-, and Ostosis.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A process of bone formation in which ossification takes place in the perichondrium and either surrounds or gradually replaces the cartilage.

ECTOZOIC Ec`to*zo"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Epizoic.

ECTOZOON; ECTOZOOEN Ec`to*zo"ön, n.; pl. Ectozoa. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Epizoön.

ECTROPION Ec*tro"pi*on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: An unnatural eversion of the eyelids.

ECTROPIUM Ec*tro"pi*um, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: Same as Ectropion.

ECTROTIC Ec*trot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Having a tendency to prevent the development of anything, especially of a disease.

ECTYPAL Ec"ty*pal, a. Etym: [L. ectypus worked in high relief, Gr. Type.]

Defn: Copied, reproduced as a molding or cast, in contradistinction from the original model.

ECTYPE Ec"type, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ectype. See Ectypal.]

1. (Classical Archæol.) (a) A copy, as in pottery, of an artist's original work. Hence: (b) A work sculptured in relief, as a cameo, or in bas-relief (in this sense used loosely).

2. A copy from an original; a type of something that has previously existed. Some regarded him [Klopstock] as an ectype of the ancient prophets. Eng. Cyc. .

ECTYPOGRAPHY Ec`ty*pog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Ectype + -graphy.]

Defn: A method of etching in which the design upon the plate is produced in relief.

ECUMENIC; ECUMENICAL Ec`u*men"ic, Ec`u*men"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. oecumenicus, Gr. Economy.]

Defn: General; universal; in ecclesiastical usage, that which concerns the whole church; as, an ecumenical council. [Written also .] Ecumenical Bishop, a title assumed by the popes. -- Ecumenical council. See under Council.

ECURIE Ec"u*rie, n. Etym: [F. See Equerry.]

Defn: A stable.

ECZEMA Ec"ze*ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`kzema; "ek out + zei^n to boil.] (Med.)

Defn: An inflammatory disease of the skin, characterized by the presence of redness and itching, an eruption of small vesicles, and the discharge of a watery exudation, which often dries up, leaving the skin covered with crusts; -- called also tetter, milk crust, and salt rheum.

ECZEMATOUS Ec*zem"a*tous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to eczema; having the characteristic of eczema.

-ED -ed.

Defn: The termination of the past participle of regular, or weak, verbs; also, of analogous participial adjectives from nouns; as, pigmented; talented.

EDACIOUS E*da"cious, a. Etym: [L. edax, edacis, fr. edere to eat.]

Defn: Given to eating; voracious; devouring. Swallowed in the depths of edacious Time. Carlyle. -- E*da"cious*ly, adv. -- E*da"cious*ness, n.

EDACITY E*dac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. edacitas.]

Defn: Greediness; voracity; ravenousness; rapacity. Bacon.

EDAM; EDAM CHEESE E"dam, n., or Edam cheese.

Defn: A Dutch pressed cheese of yellow color and fine flavor, made in balls weighing three or four pounds, and usually colored crimson outside; -- so called from the village of Edam, near Amsterdam. Also, cheese of the same type, wherever made.

EDDA Ed"da, n.; pl. Eddas. Etym: [Icel., lit. great-grandmother (i. e., of Scandinavian poetry), so called by Bishop Brynjúlf Sveinsson, who brought it again to light in 1643.]

Defn: The religious or mythological book of the old Scandinavian tribes of German origin, containing two collections of Sagas (legends, myths) of the old northern gods and heroes.

Note: There are two Eddas. The older, consisting of 39 poems, was reduced to writing from oral tradition in Iceland between 1050 and 1133. The younger or prose Edda, called also the Edda of Snorri, is the work of several writers, though usually ascribed to Snorri Sturleson, who was born in 1178.

EDDAIC; EDDIC Ed*da"ic, Ed"dic, a.

Defn: Relating to the Eddas; resembling the Eddas.

EDDER Ed"der, n. Etym: [See Adder.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An adder or serpent. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

EDDER Ed"der, n. Etym: [AS. edor hedge, fence; akin to etar.]

Defn: Flexible wood worked into the top of hedge stakes, to bind them together. [Obs.] Tusser.

EDDER Ed"der, v. t.

Defn: To bind the top interweaving edder; as, to edder a hedge. [Obs.]

EDDISH Ed"dish, n. Etym: [AS. edisc; cf. AS. pref. ed- again, anew. Cf. Eddy, and Arrish.]

Defn: Aftermath; also, stubble and stubble field. See Arrish. [Eng.]

EDDOES Ed"does, n. pl. (Bot.)

Defn: The tubers of Colocasia antiquorum. See Taro.

EDDY Ed"dy, n.; pl. Eddies. Etym: [Prob. fr. Icel. i; cf. Icel. pref. i back, AS. ed-, OS. idug-, OHG. ita-; Goth. id-.]

1. A current of air or water running back, or in a direction contrary to the main current.

2. A current of water or air moving in a circular direction; a whirlpool. And smiling eddies dimpled on the main. Dryden. Wheel through the air, in circling eddies play. Addison.

Note: Used also adjectively; as, eddy winds. Dryden.

EDDY Ed"dy, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Eddied; p. pr. & vb. n. Eddying.]

Defn: To move as an eddy, or as in an eddy; to move in a circle. Eddying round and round they sink. Wordsworth.

EDDY Ed"dy, v. t.

Defn: To collect as into an eddy. [R.] The circling mountains eddy in From the bare wild the dissipated storm. Thomson.

EDDY CURRENT Ed"dy cur"rent. (Elec.)

Defn: An induced electric current circulating wholly within a mass of metal; -- called also Foucault current.

EDDY KITE Ed"dy kite. Called also Malay kite. [After William A. Eddy, American kite expert.]

Defn: A quadrilateral, tailless kite, with convex surfaces exposed to the wind. This kite was extensively used by Eddy in his famous meteorological experiments. It is now generally superseded by the box kite.

EDELWEISS E"del*weiss, n. Etym: [G., fr. edel noble + weiss white.] (Bot.)

Defn: A little, perennial, white, woolly plant (Leontopodium alpinum), growing at high elevations in the Alps.

EDEMA E*de"ma, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: Same as oedema.

EDEMATOUS; EDEMATOSE E*de"ma*tous, or E*de"ma*tose`, a. (Med.)

Defn: Same as oedematous.

EDEN E"den, n. Etym: [Heb. eden delight, pleasure; also, a place of pleasure, Eden.]

Defn: The garden where Adam and Eve first dwelt; hence, a delightful region or residence.

EDENIC E*den"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Eden; paradisaic. "Edenic joys." Mrs. Browning.

EDENITE E"den*ite, n. Etym: [From Edenville, N. Y.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of amphibole. See Amphibole.

EDENIZED E"den*ized, a.

Defn: Admitted to a state of paradisaic happiness. [R.] Davies (Wit's Pilgr. ).

EDENTAL E*den"tal, a.

Defn: See Edentate, a. -- n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Edentata.

EDENTALOUS E*den"tal*ous, a.

Defn: See Edentate, a.

EDENTATA E`den*ta"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., neut. pl. from L. edentatus, p. p. of edentare to render toothless; e out + dens, dentis, tooth.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of mammals including the armadillos, sloths, and anteaters; -- called also Bruta. The incisor teeth are rarely developed, and in some groups all the teeth are lacking.

EDENTATE E*den"tate, a.

1. Destitute of teeth; as, an edentate quadruped; an edentate leaf.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Edentata.

EDENTATE E*den"tate, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Edentata.

EDENTATED E*den`ta*ted, a.

Defn: Same as Edentate, a.

EDENTATION E`den*ta"tion, n.

Defn: A depriving of teeth. [R.] Cockeram.

EDENTULOUS E*den"tu*lous, a. Etym: [L. edentulus; e out + dens, dentis, tooth.]

Defn: Toothless.

EDGE Edge, n. Etym: [OE. eg, egge, AS. ecg; akin to OHG. ekka, G. ecke, Icel. & Sw. egg, Dan. eg, and to L. acies, Gr. a edge. Egg, v. t., Eager, Ear spike of corn, Acute.]

1. The thin cutting side of the blade of an instrument; as, the edge of an ax, knife, sword, or scythe. Hence, figuratively, that which cuts as an edge does, or wounds deeply, etc. He which hath the sharp sword with two edges. Rev. ii. 12. Slander, Whose edge is sharper than the sword. Shak.

2. Any sharp terminating border; a margin; a brink; extreme verge; as, the edge of a table, a precipice. Upon the edge of yonder coppice. Shak. In worst extremes, and on the perilous edge Of battle. Milton. Pursue even to the very edge of destruction. Sir W. Scott.

3. Sharpness; readiness of fitness to cut; keenness; intenseness of desire. The full edge of our indignation. Sir W. Scott. Death and persecution lose all the ill that they can have, if we do not set an edge upon them by our fears and by our vices. Jer. Taylor.

4. The border or part adjacent to the line of division; the beginning or early part; as, in the edge of evening. "On the edge of winter." Milton. Edge joint (Carp.), a joint formed by two edges making a corner. -- Edge mill, a crushing or grinding mill in which stones roll around on their edges, on a level circular bed; -- used for ore, and as an oil mill. Called also Chilian mill. -- Edge molding (Arch.), a molding whose section is made up of two curves meeting in an angle. -- Edge plane. (a) (Carp.) A plane for edging boards. (b) (Shoemaking) A plane for edging soles. -- Edge play, a kind of swordplay in which backswords or cutlasses are used, and the edge, rather than the point, is employed. -- Edge rail. (Railroad) (a) A rail set on edge; -- applied to a rail of more depth than width. (b) A guard rail by the side of the main rail at a switch. Knight. -- Edge railway, a railway having the rails set on edge. -- Edge stone, a curbstone. -- Edge tool. (a) Any tool instrument having a sharp edge intended for cutting. (b) A tool for forming or dressing an edge; an edging tool. -- To be on edge, to be eager, impatient, or anxious. -- To set the teeth on edge, to cause a disagreeable tingling sensation in the teeth, as by bringing acids into contact with them. Bacon.

EDGE Edge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Edged; p. pr. & vb. n. Edging.]

1. To furnish with an edge as a tool or weapon; to sharpen. To edge her champion's sword. Dryden.

2. To shape or dress the edge of, as with a tool.

3. To furnish with a fringe or border; as, to edge a dress; to edge a garden with box. Hills whose tops were edged with groves. Pope.

4. To make sharp or keen, figuratively; to incite; to exasperate; to goad; to urge or egg on. [Obs.] By such reasonings, the simple were blinded, and the malicious edged. Hayward.

5. To move by little and little or cautiously, as by pressing forward edgewise; as, edging their chairs forwards. Locke.

EDGE Edge, v. i.

1. To move sideways; to move gradually; as, edge along this way.

2. To sail close to the wind. I must edge up on a point of wind. Dryden. To edge away or off (Naut.), to increase the distance gradually from the shore, vessel, or other object. -- To edge down (Naut.), to approach by slow degrees, as when a sailing vessel approaches an object in an oblique direction from the windward. -- To edge in, to get in edgewise; to get in by degrees. -- To edge in with, as with a coast or vessel (Naut.), to advance gradually, but not directly, toward it.

EDGEBONE Edge"bone`, n.

Defn: Same as Aitchbone.

EDGELESS Edge"less, a.

Defn: Without an edge; not sharp; blunt; obtuse; as, an edgeless sword or weapon.

EDGELONG Edge"long, adv.

Defn: In the direction of the edge. [Obs.] Three hundred thousand pieces have you stuck Edgelong into the ground. B. Jonson.

EDGESHOT Edge"shot, a. (Carp.)

Defn: Having an edge planed, -- said of a board. Knight.

EDGEWAYS; EDGEWISE Edge"ways, Edge"wise, adv.

Defn: With the edge towards anything; in the direction of the edge. Glad to get in a word, as they say, edgeways. Sir W. Scott.

EDGING Edg"ing, n.

1. That which forms an edge or border, as the fringe, trimming, etc., of a garment, or a border in a garden. Dryden.

2. The operation of shaping or dressing the edge of anything, as of a piece of metal. Edging machine, a machine tool with a revolving cutter, for dressing edges, as of boards, or metal plates, to a pattern or templet.

EDGINGLY Edg"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: Gradually; gingerly. [R.]

EDGY Edg"y, a. Etym: [From Edge.]

1. Easily irritated; sharp; as, an edgy temper.

2. (Fine Arts)

Defn: Having some of the forms, such as drapery or the like, too sharply defined. "An edgy style of sculpture." Hazlitt.

EDH Edh, n.

Defn: The name of the Anglo-Saxon letter edh, capital form th in a similar word: oedher, other, dôedh, doth." March.

EDIBILITY Ed`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Suitableness for being eaten; edibleness.

EDIBLE Ed"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. edibilis, fr. edere to eat. See Eat.]

Defn: Fit to be eaten as food; eatable; esculent; as, edible fishes. Bacon. -- n.

Defn: Anything edible. Edible bird's nest. See Bird's nest,

2. -- Edible crab (Zoöl.), any species of crab used as food, esp. the American blue crab (Callinectes hastatus). See Crab. -- Edible frog (Zoöl.), the common European frog (Rana esculenta), used as food. -- Edible snail (Zoöl.), any snail used as food, esp. Helix pomatia and H. aspersa of Europe.

EDIBLENESS Ed"i*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Suitableness for being eaten.

EDICT E"dict, n. Etym: [L. edictum, fr. edicere, edictum, to declare, proclaim; e out + dicere to say: cf. F. édit. See Diction.]

Defn: A public command or ordinance by the sovereign power; the proclamation of a law made by an absolute authority, as if by the very act of announcement; a decree; as, the edicts of the Roman emperors; the edicts of the French monarch. It stands as an edict in destiny. Shak. Edict of Nantes (French Hist.), an edict issued by Henry IV. (A. D. 1598), giving toleration to Protestants. Its revocation by Louis XIV. (A. D. 1685) was followed by terrible persecutions and the expatriation of thousands of French Protestants.

Syn. -- Decree; proclamation; law; ordinance; statute; rule; order; manifesti; command. See Law.

EDICTAL E*dic"tal, a.

Defn: Relating to, or consisting of, edicts; as, the Roman edictal law.

EDIFICANT Ed"i*fi*cant, a. Etym: [L. aedificans, -antis, p. pr. of aedificare. See Edify.]

Defn: Building; constructing. [R.] Dugard.

EDIFICATION Ed`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. aedificatio: cf. F. édification. See Edify.]

1. The act of edifying, or the state of being edified; a building up, especially in a moral or spiritual sense; moral, intellectual, or spiritual improvement; instruction. The assured edification of his church. Bp. Hall. Out of these magazines I shall supply the town with what may tend to their edification. Addison.

2. A building or edifice. [Obs.] Bullokar.

EDIFICATORY Ed"i*fi*ca`to*ry, a.

Defn: Tending to edification. Bp. Hall.

EDIFICE Ed"i*fice, n. Etym: [L. aedificium, fr. aedificare: cf. F. édifice. See Edify.]

Defn: A building; a structure; an architectural fabric; -- chiefly applied to elegant houses, and other large buildings; as, a palace, a church, a statehouse.

EDIFICIAL Ed`i*fi"cial, a. Etym: [L. aedificialis.]

Defn: Pertaining to an edifice; structural.

EDIFIER Ed"i*fi`er, n.

1. One who builds. [Obs.]

2. One who edifies, builds up, or strengthens another by moral or religious instruction.

EDIFY Ed"i*fy, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Edified; p. pr. & vb. n. Edifying.] Etym: [F. édifier, L. aedificare; aedes a building, house, orig., a fireplace (akin to Gr. idh to kindle, OHG. eit funeral pile, AS. ad, OIr. aed fire) + facere to make. See Fact, -fy.]

1. To build; to construct. [Archaic] There was a holy chapel edified. Spenser.

2. To instruct and improve, especially in moral and religious knowledge; to teach. It does not appear probable that our dispute [about miracles] would either edify or enlighten the public. Gibbon.

3. To teach or persuade. [Obs.] Bacon.

EDIFY Ed"i*fy, v. i.

Defn: To improve. [R.] Swift.

EDIFYING Ed"i*fy`ing, a.

Defn: Instructing; improving; as, an edifying conversation. -- Ed"i*fy`ing*ly, adv. -- Ed"i*fy`ing*ness, n.

EDILE E"dile, n. Etym: [L. aedilis: cf. F. édile. Cf. Ædile.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: See Ædile.

EDILESHIP E"dile*ship, n.

Defn: The office of ædile. T. Arnold.

EDINGTONITE Ed"ing*ton*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A grayish white zeolitic mineral, in tetragonal crystals. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and baryta.

EDIT Ed"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Edited; p. pr. & vb. n. Editing.] Etym: [F. éditer, or L. editus, p. p. of edere to give out, put forth, publish; e out + dare to give. See Date a point of time.]

Defn: To superintend the publication of; to revise and prepare for publication; to select, correct, arrange, etc., the matter of, for publication; as, to edit a newspaper. Philosophical treatises which have never been edited. Enfield.

EDITION E*di"tion, n. Etym: [L. editio, fr. edere to publish; cf. F. édition. See Edit.]

1. A literary work edited and published, as by a certain editor or in a certain manner; as, a good edition of Chaucer; Chalmers' edition of Shakespeare.

2. The whole number of copies of a work printed and published at one time; as, the first edition was soon sold.

EDITION DE LUXE É`di`tion" de luxe". Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Luxe.

EDITIONER E*di`tion*er, n.

Defn: An editor. [Obs.]

EDITOR Ed"i*tor, n. Etym: [L., that which produces, from edere to publish: cf. F. éditeur.]

Defn: One who edits; esp., a person who prepares, superintends, revises, and corrects a book, magazine, or newspaper, etc., for publication.

EDITORIAL Ed`i*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an editor; written or sanctioned by an editor; as, editorial labors; editorial remarks. editorial content

EDITORIAL Ed`i*to"ri*al, n.

Defn: A leading article in a newspaper or magazine; an editorial article; an article published as an expression of the views of the editor.

EDITORIALLY Ed`i*to"ri*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner or character of an editor or of an editorial article.

EDITORSHIP Ed"i*tor*ship, n.

Defn: The office or charge of an editor; care and superintendence of a publication.

EDITRESS Ed"i*tress, n.

Defn: A female editor.

EDITUATE E*dit"u*ate, v. t. Etym: [LL. aedituatus, p. p. of aedituare, fr. L. aedituus a temple warden; aedes building, temple + tueri to guard.]

Defn: To guard as a churchwarden does. [Obs.] J. Gregory.

EDOMITE E"dom*ite, n.

Defn: One of the descendants of Esau or Edom, the brother of Jacob; an Idumean.

EDRIOPHTHALMA Ed`ri*oph*thal"ma, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Crustacea in which the eyes are without stalks; the Arthrostraca. [Written also Edriophthalmata.]

EDRIOPHTHALMOUS Ed`ri*oph*thal"mous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Edriophthalma.

EDUCABILITY Ed`u*ca*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. éducabilité.]

Defn: Capability of being educated.

EDUCABLE Ed"u*ca*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. éducable.]

Defn: Capable of being educated. "Men are educable." M. Arnold.

EDUCATE Ed"u*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Educated; p. pr. & vb. n. Educating.] Etym: [L. educatus, p. p. of educare to bring up a child physically or mentally, to educate, fr. educere to Educe.]

Defn: To bring as, to educate a child; to educate the eye or the taste.

Syn. -- To develop; instruct; teach; inform; enlighten; edify; bring up; train; breed; rear; discipline; indoctrinate.

EDUCATED Ed"u*ca`ted, a.

Defn: Formed or developed by education; as, an educated man.

EDUCATION Ed`u*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. educatio; cf. F. éducation.]

Defn: The act or process of educating; the result of educating, as determined by the knowledge skill, or discipline of character, acquired; also, the act or process of training by a prescribed or customary course of study or discipline; as, an education for the bar or the pulpit; he has finished his education. To prepare us for complete living is the function which education has to discharge. H. Spenser.

Syn. -- Education, Instruction, Teaching, Training, Breeding. Education, properly a drawing forth, implies not so much the communication of knowledge as the discipline of the intellect, the establishment of the principles, and the regulation of the heart. Instruction is that part of education which furnishes the mind with knowledge. Teaching is the same, being simply more familiar. It is also applied to practice; as, teaching to speak a language; teaching a dog to do tricks. Training is a department of education in which the chief element is exercise or practice for the purpose of imparting facility in any physical or mental operation. Breeding commonly relates to the manners and outward conduct.

EDUCATIONAL Ed`u*ca"tion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to education. "His educational establishment." J. H. Newman.

EDUCATIONIST Ed`u*ca"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in the theories of, or who advocates and promotes, education.

EDUCATIVE Ed"u*ca*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. éducatif.]

Defn: Tending to educate; that gives education; as, an educative process; an educative experience.

EDUCATOR Ed"u*ca`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who educates; a teacher.

EDUCE E*duce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Educed; p. pr. & vb. n. Educing.] Etym: [L. educere; e out + ducere to lead. See Duke.]

Defn: To bring or draw out; to cause to appear; to produce against counter agency or influence; to extract; to evolve; as, to educe a form from matter. The eternal art educing good from ill. Pope. They want to educe and cultivate what is best and noblest in themselves. M. Arnold.

EDUCIBLE E*du"ci*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being educed.

EDUCT E"duct, n. Etym: [L. eductum, fr. educere.]

Defn: That which is educed, as by analysis. Sir W. Hamilton.

EDUCTION E*duc"tion, n. Etym: [L. eductio.]

Defn: The act of drawing out or bringing into view. Eduction pipe, and Eduction port. See Exhaust pipe and Exhaust port, under Exhaust, a.

EDUCTIVE E*duc"tive, a.

Defn: Tending to draw out; extractive.

EDUCTOR E*duc"tor, n. Etym: [L., tutor.]

Defn: One who, or that which, brings forth, elicits, or extracts. Stimulus must be called an eductor of vital ether. E. Darwin.

EDULCORANT E*dul"co*rant, a. Etym: [See Edulcorate.]

Defn: Having a tendency to purify or to sweeten by removing or correcting acidity and acrimony.

EDULCORANT E*dul"co*rant, n.

Defn: An edulcorant remedy.

EDULCORATE E*dul"co*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Edulcorated; p. pr. & vb. n. Edulcorating.] Etym: [L. e oudulcoratus, p. p. of dulcorare to sweeten, fr. dulcor sweetness, fr. dulcis sweet: cf. F. édulcorer.]

1. To render sweet; to sweeten; to free from acidity. Succory . . . edulcorated with sugar and vinegar. Evelyn.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: To free from acids, salts, or other soluble substances, by washing; to purify. [R.]

EDULCORATION E*dul`co*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. édulcoration.]

1. The act of sweetening or edulcorating.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: The act of freeing from acids or any soluble substances, by affusions of water. [R.] Ure.

EDULCORATIVE E*dul"co*ra*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to

EDULCORATOR E*dul"co*ra`tor, n.

Defn: A contrivance used to supply small quantities of sweetened liquid, water, etc., to any mixture, or to test tubes, etc.; a dropping bottle.

EDULIOUS E*du"li*ous, a. Etym: [L. edulis, fr. edere to eat.]

Defn: Edible. [Obs.] "Edulious pulses." Sir T. Browne.

-EE -ee. Etym: [Formed on the F. p. p. ending -é, masc.]

Defn: A suffix used, chiefly in law terms, in a passive signification, to indicate the direct or indirect object of an action, or the one to whom an act is done or on whom a right is conferred; as in assignee, donee, alienee, grantee, etc. It is correlative to -or, the agent or doer.

EEK; EEKE Eek, Eeke, v. t.

Defn: See Eke. [Obs.] Spenser.

EEL Eel, n. Etym: [AS. ; akin to D., G., & Dan. aal, Icel. all, Sw. ål.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An elongated fish of many genera and species. The common eels of Europe and America belong to the genus Anguilla. The electrical eel is a species of Gymnotus. The so called vinegar eel is a minute nematode worm. See Conger eel, Electric eel, and Gymnotus.

EELBUCK Eel"buck`, n.

Defn: An eelpot or eel basket.

EELFARE Eel"fare`, n. Etym: [Eel + fare a journey or passage.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A brood of eels. [Prov. Eng.]

EELGRASS Eel"grass`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Zostera marina), with very long and narrow leaves, growing abundantly in shallow bays along the North Atlantic coast.

EEL-MOTHER Eel"-moth`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The eelpout.

EELPOT Eel"pot`, n.

Defn: A boxlike structure with funnel-shaped traps for catching eels; an eelbuck.

EELPOUT Eel"pout`, n. Etym: [AS. .] (Zoöl.) (a) A European fish (Zoarces viviparus), remarkable for producing living young; -- called also greenbone, guffer, bard, and Maroona eel. Also, an American species (Z. anguillaris), -- called also mutton fish, and, erroneously, congo eel, ling, and lamper eel. Both are edible, but of little value. (b) A fresh-water fish, the burbot.

EELSPEAR Eel"spear`, n.

Defn: A spear with barbed forks for spearing eels.

E'EN E'en, adv.

Defn: A contraction for even. See Even. I have e'en done with you. L'Estrange.

EEN Een, n.

Defn: The old plural of Eye. And eke with fatness swollen were his een. Spenser.

E'ER E'er, adv.

Defn: A contraction for ever. See Ever.

EERIE; EERY Ee"rie, Ee"ry, a. Etym: [Scotch, fr. AS. earh timid.]

1. Serving to inspire fear, esp. a dread of seeing ghosts; wild; weird; as, eerie stories. She whose elfin prancer springs By night to eery warblings. Tennyson.

2. Affected with fear; affrighted. Burns.

EERILY Ee"ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a strange, unearthly way.

EERISOME Ee"ri*some, a.

Defn: Causing fear; eerie. [Scot.]

EET Eet, obs. imp.

Defn: of Eat. Chaucer.

EFFABLE Ef"fa*ble, a. Etym: [L. effabilis; ex out + fari to speak.]

Defn: Capable of being uttered or explained; utterable. Barrow.

EFFACE Ef*face", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effaced; p. pr. & vb. n. Effacing.] Etym: [F. effacer; pref. es- (L. ex) + face face; prop., to destroy the face or form. See Face, and cf. Deface.]

1. To cause to disappear (as anything impresses or inscribed upon a surface) by rubbing out, striking out, etc.; to erase; to render illegible or indiscernible; as, to efface the letters on a monument, or the inscription on a coin.

2. To destroy, as a mental impression; to wear away. Efface from his mind the theories and notions vulgarly received. Bacon.

Syn. -- To blot out; expunge; erase; obliterate; cancel; destroy. -- Efface, Deface. To deface is to injure or impair a figure; to efface is to rub out or destroy, so as to render invisible.

EFFACEABLE Ef*face"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being effaced.

EFFACEMENT Ef*face"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. effacement.]

Defn: The act if effacing; also, the result of the act.

EFFASCINATE Ef*fas"ci*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. effascinare.]

Defn: To charm; to bewitch. [Obs.] Heywood.

EFFASCINATION Ef*fas`ci*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. effascinatio.]

Defn: A charming; state of being bewitched or deluded. [Obs.]

EFFECT Ef*fect", n. Etym: [L. effectus, fr. efficere, effectum, to effect; ex + facere to make: cf. F. effet, formerly also spelled effect. See Fact.]

1. Execution; performance; realization; operation; as, the law goes into effect in May. That no compunctious visitings of nature Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between The effect and it. Shak.

2. Manifestation; expression; sign. All the large effects That troop with majesty. Shak.

3. In general: That which is produced by an agent or cause; the event which follows immediately from an antecedent, called the cause; result; consequence; outcome; fruit; as, the effect of luxury. The effect is the unfailing index of the amount of the cause. Whewell.

4. Impression left on the mind; sensation produced. Patchwork . . . introduced for oratorical effect. J. C. Shairp. The effect was heightened by the wild and lonely nature of the place. W. Irving.

5. Power to produce results; efficiency; force; importance; account; as, to speak with effect.

6. Consequence intended; purpose; meaning; general intent; -- with to. They spake to her to that effect. 2 Chron. xxxiv. 22.

7. The purport; the sum and substance. "The effect of his intent." Chaucer.

8. Reality; actual meaning; fact, as distinguished from mere appearance. No other in effect than what it seems. Denham.

9. pl.

Defn: Goods; movables; personal estate; -- sometimes used to embrace real as well as personal property; as, the people escaped from the town with their effects. For effect, for an exaggerated impression or excitement. -- In effect, in fact; in substance. See 8, above. -- Of no effect, Of none effect, To no effect, or Without effect, destitute of results, validity, force, and the like; vain; fruitless. "Making the word of God of none effect through your tradition." Mark vii. 13. "All my study be to no effect." Shak. -- To give effect to, to make valid; to carry out in practice; to push to its results. -- To take effect, to become operative, to accomplish aims. Shak.

Syn. -- Effect, Consequence, Result. These words indicate things which arise out of some antecedent, or follow as a consequent. Effect, which may be regarded as the generic term, denotes that which springs directly from something which can properly be termed a cause. A consequence is more remote, not being strictly caused, nor yet a mere sequence, but following out of and following indirectly, or in the train of events, something on which it truly depends. A result is still more remote and variable, like the rebound of an elastic body which falls in very different directions. We may foresee the effects of a measure, may conjecture its consequences, but can rarely discover its final results. Resolving all events, with their effects And manifold results, into the will And arbitration wise of the Supreme. Cowper. Shun the bitter consequence, for know, The day thou eatest thereof, . . . thou shalt die. Milton.

EFFECT Ef*fect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effected; p. pr. & vb. n. Effecting.]

1. To produce, as a cause or agent; to cause to be. So great a body such exploits to effect. Daniel.

2. To bring to pass; to execute; to enforce; to achieve; to accomplish. To effect that which the divine counsels had decreed. Bp. Hurd. They sailed away without effecting their purpose. Jowett (Th. ).

Syn. -- To accomplish; fulfill; achieve; complete; execute; perform; attain. See Accomplish.

EFFECTER Ef*fect"er, n.

Defn: One who effects.

EFFECTIBLE Ef*fect"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being done or achieved; practicable; feasible. Sir T. Browne.

EFFECTION Ef*fec"tion, n. Etym: [L. effectio: cf. F. effection.]

Defn: Creation; a doing. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

EFFECTIVE Ef*fect"ive, a. Etym: [L. effectivus: cf. F. effectif.]

Defn: Having the power to produce an effect or effects; producing a decided or decisive effect; efficient; serviceable; operative; as, an effective force, remedy, speech; the effective men in a regiment. They are not effective of anything, nor leave no work behind them. Bacon. Whosoever is an effective, real cause of doing his heighbor wrong, is criminal. Jer. Taylor.

Syn. -- Efficient; forcible; active; powerful; energetic; competent. See Effectual.

EFFECTIVE Ef*fect"ive, n.

1. That which produces a given effect; a cause. Jer. Taylor.

2. One who is capable of active service. He assembled his army -- 20,000 effectives -- at Corinth. W. P. Johnston.

3. Etym: [F. effectif real, effective, real amount.] (Com.)

Defn: Specie or coin, as distinguished from paper currency; -- a term used in many parts of Europe. Simmonds.

EFFECTIVELY Ef*fect"ive*ly, adv.

Defn: With effect; powerfully; completely; thoroughly.

EFFECTIVENESS Ef*fect"ive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being effective.

EFFECTLESS Ef*fect"less, a.

Defn: Without effect or advantage; useless; bootless. Shak. -- Ef*fect"less*ly, adv.

EFFECTOR Ef*fect"or, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: An effecter. Derham.

EFFECTUAL Ef*fec"tu*al, a. Etym: [See Effect, n.]

Defn: Producing, or having adequate power or force to produce, an intended effect; adequate; efficient; operative; decisive. Shak. Effectual steps for the suppression of the rebellion. Macaulay. Effectual calling (Theol.), a doctrine concerning the work of the Holy Spirit in producing conviction of sin and acceptance of salvation by Christ, -- one of the five points of Calvinism. See Calvinism.

Syn. -- Effectual, Efficacious, Effective. An efficacious remedy is had recourse to, and proves effective if it does decided good, effectual if it does all the good desired. C. J. Smith.

EFFECTUALLY Ef*fec"tu*al*ly, adv.

1. With effect; efficaciously.

2. Actually; in effect. [Obs.] Fuller.

EFFECTUALNESS Ef*fec"tu*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being effectual.

EFFECTUATE Ef*fec"tu*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effectuated; p. pr. & vb. n. Effectuating.] Etym: [Cf. F. effectuer. See Effect, n. & v. t.]

Defn: To bring to pass; to effect; to achieve; to accomplish; to fulfill. A fit instrument to effectuate his desire. Sir P. Sidney. In order to effectuate the thorough reform. G. T. Curtis.

EFFECTUATION Ef*fec`tu*a"tion, n.

Defn: Act of effectuating.

EFFECTUOSE; EFFECTUOUS Ef*fec"tu*ose`, Ef*fec"tu*ous, a.

Defn: Effective. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

EFFECTUOUSLY Ef*fec"tu*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: Effectively. [Obs.]

EFFEMINACY Ef*fem"i*na*cy, n.; pl. Effeminacies. Etym: [From Effeminate.]

Defn: Characteristic quality of a woman, such as softness, luxuriousness, delicacy, or weakness, which is unbecoming a man; womanish delicacy or softness; -- used reproachfully of men. Milton.

EFFEMINATE Ef*fem"i*nate, a. Etym: [L. effeminatus, p. p. of effeminare to make a woman of; ex out + femina a woman. See Feminine, a.]

1. Having some characteristic of a woman, as delicacy, luxuriousness, etc.; soft or delicate to an unmanly degree; womanish; weak. The king, by his voluptuous life and mean marriage, became effeminate, and less sensible of honor. Bacon. An effeminate and unmanly foppery. Bp. Hurd.

2. Womanlike; womanly; tender; -- in a good sense. Gentle, kind, effeminate remorse. Shak.

Note: Effeminate and womanish are generally used in a reproachful sense; feminine and womanly, applied to women, are epithets of propriety or commendation.

EFFEMINATE Ef*fem"i*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effeminated; p. pr. & vb. n. Effeminating.]

Defn: To make womanish; to make soft and delicate; to weaken. It will not corrupt or effeminate children's minds. Locke.

EFFEMINATE Ef*fem"i*nate, v. i.

Defn: To grow womanish or weak. In a slothful peace both courage will effeminate and manners corrupt. Pope.

EFFEMINATELY Ef*fem"i*nate*ly, adv.

1. In an effeminate or womanish manner; weakly; softly; delicately. "Proud and effeminately gay." Fawkes.

2. By means of a woman; by the power or art of a woman. [R.] "Effeminately vanquished." Milton.

EFFEMINATENESS Ef*fem"i*nate*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being effeminate; unmanly softness. Fuller.

EFFEMINATION Ef*fem`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. effeminatio.]

Defn: Effeminacy; womanishness. [Obs.] Bacon.

EFFEMINIZE Ef*fem"i*nize, v. t.

Defn: To make effeminate. [Obs.]

EFFENDI Ef*fen"di, n. Etym: [Turk. efendi, fr. Modern Gr. Authentic.]

Defn: Master; sir; -- a title of a Turkish state official and man of learning, especially one learned in the law.

EFFERENT Ef"fe*rent, a. Etym: [L. efferens, -entis, p. pr. of effere to bear out; ex out + ferre to bear.] (Physiol.) (a) Conveying outward, or discharging; -- applied to certain blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, etc. (b) Conveyed outward; as, efferent impulses, i. e., such as are conveyed by the motor or efferent nerves from the central nervous organ outwards; -- opposed to afferent.

EFFERENT Ef"fe*rent, n.

Defn: An efferent duct or stream.

EFFEROUS Ef"fer*ous, a. Etym: [L. efferus savage; ex (intens.) + ferus wild.]

Defn: Like a wild beast; fierce. [Obs.]

EFFERVESCE Ef`fer*vesce", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Effervesced; p. pr. & vb. n. Effervescing.] Etym: [L. effervescere; ex + fervescere to begin boiling, incho., fr. fervere to boil. See Fervent.]

1. To be in a state of natural ebullition; to bubble and hiss, as fermenting liquors, or any fluid, when some part escapes in a gaseous form.

2. To exhibit, in lively natural expression, feelings that can not be repressed or concealed; as, to effervesce with joy or merriment.

EFFERVESCENCE; EFFERVESCENCY Ef`fer*ves"cence, Ef`fer*ves"cen*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. effervescence.]

Defn: A kind of natural ebullition; that commotion of a fluid which takes place when some part of the mass flies off in a gaseous form, producing innumerable small bubbles; as, the effervescence of a carbonate with citric acid.

EFFERVESCENT Ef`fer*ves"cent, a. Etym: [L. effervescences, p. pr. of effervescere: cf. F. effervescent.]

Defn: Gently boiling or bubbling, by means of the disengagement of gas

EFFERVESCIBLE Ef`fer*ves"ci*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of effervescing.

EFFERVESCIVE Ef`fer*ves"cive, a.

Defn: Tending to produce effervescence. "An effervescive force." Hickok.

EFFET Ef"fet, n. Etym: [See Eft, n.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common newt; -- called also asker, eft, evat, and ewt.

EFFETE Ef*fete", a. Etym: [L. effetus that has brought forth, exhausted; ex + fetus that has brought forth. See Fetus.]

Defn: No longer capable of producing young, as an animal, or fruit, as the earth; hence, worn out with age; exhausted of energy; incapable of efficient action; no longer productive; barren; sterile. Effete results from virile efforts. Mrs. Browning If they find the old governments effete, worn out, . . . they may seek new ones. Burke.

EFFICACIOUS Ef`fi*ca"cious, a. Etym: [L. eficax, -acis, fr. efficere. See Effect, n.]

Defn: Possessing the quality of being effective; productive of, or powerful to produce, the effect intended; as, an efficacious law.

Syn. -- See Effectual. -- Ef`fi*ca"cious*ly, adv. -- Ef`fi*ca"cious*ness, n.

EFFICACITY Ef`fi*cac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. efficacitas: cf. F. efficacité.]

Defn: Efficacy. [R.] J. Fryth.

EFFICACY Ef"fi*ca*cy, n. Etym: [L. efficacia, fr. efficax. See Efficacious.]

Defn: Power to produce effects; operation or energy of an agent or force; production of the effect intended; as, the efficacy of medicine in counteracting disease; the efficacy of prayer. "Of noxious efficacy." Milton.

Syn. -- Virtue; force; energy; potency; efficiency.

EFFICIENCE; EFFICIENCY Ef*fi"cience, Ef*fi"cien*cy, n. Etym: [L. efficientia.]

1. The quality of being efficient or producing an effect or effects; efficient power; effectual agency. The manner of this divine efficiency being far above us. Hooker.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: The ratio of useful work to energy expended. Rankine. Efficiency of a heat engine, the ratio of the work done an engine, to the work due to the heat supplied to it.

EFFICIENT Ef*fi"cient, a. Etym: [L. efficiens, -entis, p. pr. of efficere to effect: cf. F. efficient. See Effect, n.]

Defn: Causing effects; producing results; that makes the effect to be what it is; actively operative; not inactive, slack, or incapable; characterized by energetic and useful activity; as, an efficient officer, power. The efficient cause is the working cause. Wilson.

Syn. -- Effective; effectual; competent; able; capable; material; potent.

EFFICIENT Ef*fi"cient, n.

Defn: An efficient cause; a prime mover. God . . . moveth mere natural agents as an efficient only. Hooker.

EFFICIENTLY Ef*fi"cient*ly, adv.

Defn: With effect; effectively.

EFFIERCE Ef*fierce", v. t. Etym: [Pref. ex- (intens.) + fierce.]

Defn: To make fierce. [Obs.] Spenser.

EFFIGIAL Ef*fig"i*al, a.

Defn: Relating to an effigy.

EFFIGIATE Ef*fig"i*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. effigiatus, p. p. of effigiare to form, fr. effigies. See Effigy.]

Defn: To form as an effigy; hence, to fashion; to adapt. [He must] effigiate and conform himself to those circumstances. Jer. Taylor.

EFFIGIATION Ef*fig`i*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. effigiatio.]

Defn: The act of forming in resemblance; an effigy. Fuller.

EFFIGIES Ef*fig"i*es, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Effigy. Dryden.

EFFIGY Ef"fi*gy, n.; pl. Effigies. Etym: [L. effigies, fr. effingere to form, fashion; ex + fingere to form, shape, devise. See Feign.]

Defn: The image, likeness, or representation of a person, whether a full figure, or a part; an imitative figure; -- commonly applied to sculptured likenesses, as those on monuments, or to those of the heads of princes on coins and medals, sometimes applied to portraits. To burn, or To hang, in effigy, to burn or to hang an image or picture of a person, as a token of public odium.

EFFLAGITATE Ef*flag"i*tate, v. t. Etym: [L. efflagitatus, p. p. of efflagitare.]

Defn: To ask urgently. [Obs.] Cockeram.

EFFLATE Ef*flate", v. t. Etym: [L. efflatus, p. p. of efflare to blow or breathe out; ex + flare to blow.]

Defn: To fill with breath; to puff up. Sir T. Herbert.

EFFLATION Ef*fla"tion, n.

Defn: The act of filling with wind; a breathing or puffing out; a puff, as of wind. A soft efflation of celestial fire. Parnell.

EFFLORESCE Ef`flo*resce", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Effloresced; p. pr. & vb. n. Efflorescing.] Etym: [L. efflorescere to bloom, blossom; ex + florescere to begin to blossom, incho., fr. florere to blossom, fr. flos a flower. See Flower.]

1. To blossom forth. Carlyle.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: To change on the surface, or throughout, to a whitish, mealy, or crystalline powder, from a gradual decomposition, esp. from the loss of water, on simple exposure to the air; as, Glauber's salts, and many others, effloresce.

3. To become covered with a whitish crust or light crystallization, from a slow chemical change between some of the ingredients of the matter covered and an acid proceeding commonly from an external source; as, the walls of limestone caverns sometimes effloresce with nitrate of calcium in consequence of the action in consequence of nitric acid formed in the atmosphere.

EFFLORESCENCE Ef`flo*res"cence, n. Etym: [F. efflorescence.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Flowering, or state of flowering; the blooming of flowers; blowth.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A redness of the skin; eruption, as in rash, measles, smallpox, scarlatina, etc.

3. (Chem.) (a) The formation of the whitish powder or crust on the surface of efflorescing bodies, as salts, etc. (b) The powder or crust thus formed.

EFFLORESCENCY Ef`flo*res"cen*cy, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being efflorescent; efflorescence.

EFFLORESCENT Ef`flo*res"cent, a. Etym: [F. efflorescent, L. efflorescens, -entis, blooming, p. pr. of efflorescere. See Effloresce, v. i.]

1. That effloresces, or is liable to effloresce on exposure; as, an efflorescent salt.

2. Covered with an efflorescence.

EFFLOWER Ef*flow"er, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. effleurer.] (Leather Making)

Defn: To remove the epidermis of (a skin) with a concave knife, blunt in its middle part, -- as in making chamois leather.

EFFLUENCE Ef"flu*ence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. effluence.]

1. A flowing out, or emanation.

2. That which flows or issues from any body or substance; issue; efflux. Bright effluence of bright essence increate! Milton. And, as if the gloom of the earth and sky had been but the effluence of these two mortal hearts, it vanished with their sorrow. Hawthorne.

EFFLUENCY Ef"flu*en*cy, n.

Defn: Effluence.

EFFLUENT Ef"flu*ent, a. Etym: [L. effluens, -entis, p. pr. of effluere to flow out; ex + fluere to flow: cf. F. effluent. See Fluent.]

Defn: Flowing out; as, effluent beams. Parnell.

EFFLUENT Ef"flu*ent, n. (Geog.)

Defn: A stream that flows out of another stream or lake.

EFFLUVIABLE Ef*flu"vi*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being given off as an effluvium. "Effluviable matter." Boyle.

EFFLUVIAL Ef*flu"vi*al, a.

Defn: Belonging to effluvia.

EFFLUVIATE Ef*flu"vi*ate, v. i.

Defn: To give forth effluvium. [R.] "An effluviating power." Boyle.

EFFLUVIUM Ef*flu"vi*um, n.; pl. Effluvia. Etym: [L., a flowing out, fr. effluere to flow out. See Effluent, a.]

Defn: Subtile or invisible emanation; exhalation perceived by the sense of smell; especially, noisome or noxious exhalation; as, the effluvium from diseased or putrefying bodies, or from ill drainage.

EFFLUX Ef"flux, n. Etym: [See Effluent, Flux.]

1. The act or process of flowing out, or issuing forth; effusion; outflow; as, the efflux of matter from an ulcer; the efflux of men's piety. It is then that the devout affections . . . are incessantly in efflux. I. Taylor.

2. That which flows out; emanation; effluence. Prime cheerer, light! . . . Efflux divine. Thomson.

EFFLUX Ef*flux", v. i.

Defn: To run out; to flow forth; to pass away. [Obs.] Boyle.

EFFLUXION Ef*flux"ion, n. Etym: [From Efflux.]

1. The act of flowing out; effusion.

2. That which flows out; effluvium; emanation. Some light effluxions from spirit to spirit. Bacon.

EFFODIENT Ef*fo"di*ent, a. Etym: [L. effodiens, p. pr. of effodere to dig out; ex + fodere to dig.]

Defn: Digging up.

EFFORCE Ef*force, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Efforced; p. pr. & vb. n. Efforcing.] Etym: [OF. esforcier (F. s'efforcer to exert one's self), LL. exforciare; L. ex + fortis strong. See Force.]

Defn: To force; to constrain; to compel to yield. [Obs.] Spenser.

EFFORM Ef*form", v. t. Etym: [Pref. ex- + form.]

Defn: To form; to shape. [Obs.] Efforming their words within their lips. Jer. Taylor.

EFFORMATION Ef`for*ma"tion, n.

Defn: The act of giving shape or form. [Obs.] Ray.

EFFORT Ef"fort, n. Etym: [F. effort, OF. esfort, for esfors, esforz, fr. esforcier. See Efforce.]

1. An exertion of strength or power, whether physical or mental, in performing an act or aiming at an object; more or less strenuous endeavor; struggle directed to the accomplishment of an object; as, an effort to scale a wall. We prize the stronger effort of his power. Pope.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: A force acting on a body in the direction of its motion. Rankine.

Syn. -- Endeavor; exertion; struggle; strain; straining; attempt; trial; essay. See Attempt.

EFFORT Ef"fort, v. t.

Defn: To stimulate. [Obs.] "He efforted his spirits." Fuller.

EFFORTLESS Ef"fort*less, a.

Defn: Making no effort. Southey.

EFFOSSION Ef*fos"sion, n. Etym: [L. effossio. See Effodient.]

Defn: A digging out or up. [R.] "The effossion of coins." Arbuthnot.

EFFRANCHISE Ef*fran"chise, v. t. Etym: [Pref. ex- + franchise: cf. OF. esfranchir.]

Defn: To enfranchise.

EFFRAY Ef*fray", v. t. Etym: [F. effrayer. See Affray.]

Defn: To frighten; to scare. [Obs.] Spenser.

EFFRAYABLE Ef*fray"a*ble, a.

Defn: Frightful. [Obs.] Harvey.

EFFRENATION Ef`fre*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. effrenatio, fr. effrenare to unbridle; ex + frenum a bridle.]

Defn: Unbridled license; unruliness. [Obs.] Cockeram.

EFFRONT Ef*front", v. t.

Defn: To give assurance to. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

EFFRONTERY Ef*front"er*y, n.; pl. Effronteries. Etym: [F. effronterie, fr. effronté shameless, fr. L. effrons, -ontis, putting forth the forehead, i. e., barefaced, shameless; ex + frons the forehead. See Front.]

Defn: Impudence or boldness in confronting or in transgressing the bounds of duty or decorum; insulting presumptuousness; shameless boldness; barefaced assurance. Corruption lost nothing of its effrontery. Bancroft.

Syn. -- Impudence; sauciness. See Impudence.

EFFRONTIT Ef*front"it, a. Etym: [F. effronté.]

Defn: Marked by impudence. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

EFFRONTUOUSLY Ef*fron"tu*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: Impudently. [Obs.] R. North.

EFFULGE Ef*fulge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effulged; p. pr. & vb. n. Effulging.] Etym: [L. effulgere to shine forth; ex + fulgere to flash, shine. See Fulgent.]

Defn: To cause to shine with abundance of light; to radiate; to beam. [R.] His eyes effulging a peculiar fire. Thomson.

EFFULGE Ef*fulge", v. i.

Defn: To shine forth; to beam.

EFFULGENCE Ef*ful"gence, n.

Defn: The state of being effulgent; extreme brilliancy; a flood of light; great luster or brightness; splendor. The effulgence of his glory abides. Milton. The bright and the balmy effulgence of morn. Beattie.

EFFULGENT Ef*ful"gent, a. Etym: [L. effulgens, -entis, p. pr. of effulgere.]

Defn: Diffusing a flood of light; shining; luminous; beaming; bright; splendid. "Effulgent rays of light." Cowper.

EFFULGENTLY Ef*ful"gent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an effulgent manner.

EFFUMABILITY Ef*fu`ma*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The capability of flying off in fumes or vapor. [Obs.] Boyle.

EFFUME Ef*fume", v. t. Etym: [L. effumare to emit smoke; ex + fumare to smoke, fr. fumus smoke.]

Defn: To breathe or puff out. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

EFFUND Ef*fund", v. t. Etym: [L. effundere. See Effuse.]

Defn: To pour out. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

EFFUSE Ef*fuse", a. Etym: [L. effusus, p. p. of effundere to pour out; ex + fundere to pour. See Fuse to melt.]

1. Poured out freely; profuse. [Obs.] So should our joy be very effuse. Barrow.

2. Disposed to pour out freely; prodigal. [Obs.] Young.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Spreading loosely, especially on one side; as, an effuse inflorescence. Loudon.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the lips, or edges, of the aperture abruptly spreading; -- said of certain shells.

EFFUSE Ef*fuse", n.

Defn: Effusion; loss. "Much effuse of blood." Shak.

EFFUSE Ef*fuse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effused; p. pr. & vb. n. Effusing.]

Defn: To pour out like a stream or freely; to cause to exude; to shed. [R.] With gushing blood effused. Milton.

EFFUSE Ef*fuse", v. i.

Defn: To emanate; to issue. Thomson.

EFFUSION Ef*fu"sion, n. Etym: [L. effusio: cf. F. effusion.]

1. The act of pouring out; as, effusion of water, of blood, of grace, of words, and the like. To save the effusion of my people's blood. Dryden.

2. That which is poured out, literally or figuratively. Wash me with that precious effusion, and I shall be whiter than sow. Eikon Basilike. The light effusions of a heedless boy. Byron.

3. (Pathol.) (a) The escape of a fluid out of its natural vessel, either by rupture of the vessel, or by exudation through its walls. It may pass into the substance of an organ, or issue upon a free surface. (b) The liquid escaping or exuded.

EFFUSIVE Ef*fu"sive, a.

Defn: Pouring out; pouring forth freely. "Washed with the effusive wave." Pope. Effusive rocks (Geol.), volcanic rocks, in distinction from so-called intrusive, or plutonic, rocks. -- Ef*fu"sive*ly, adv. -- Ef*fu"sive*ness, n.

EFREET Ef"reet, n.

Defn: See Afrit.

EFT Eft, n. Etym: [AS. efete lizard. See Newt.] (Zoöl.) (a) A European lizard of the genus Seps. (b) A salamander, esp. the European smooth newt (Triton punctatus).

EFT Eft, adv. Etym: [AS. eft, æft, again, back, afterward. See Aft, After.]

Defn: Again; afterwards; soon; quickly. [Obs.] I wold never eft comen into the snare. Spenser.

EFTSOON; EFTSOONS Eft*soon", Eft*soons", adv. Etym: [OE. eftsone, eftsones; AS. eft + s soon. See Eft, and Soon.]

Defn: Again; anew; a second time; at once; speedily. [Archaic] And, if he fall from his capel [horse] eftsone. Chaucer. The champion stout eftsoons dismounted. Spenser.

EGAD E*gad", interj. Etym: [Euphemistic corruption of the oath, "by God."]

Defn: An exclamation expressing exultation or surprise, etc.

EGAL E"gal, a. Etym: [F. égal. See Equal.]

Defn: Equal; impartial. [Obs.] Shak.

EGALITY E*gal"i*ty, n. Etym: [OE. egalite, F. égalité.]

Defn: Equality. Chaucer. Tennyson.

EGEAN E*ge"an, a.

Defn: See Ægean.

EGENCE E"gence, n. Etym: [L. egens, -entis, p. pr. of egere to be needy, suffer want.]

Defn: The state of needing, or of suffering a natural want. [R.] J. Grote.

EGER; EGRE E"ger, E"gre, a. Etym: [See Eager.]

Defn: Sharp; bitter; acid; sour. [Obs.] The egre words of thy friend. Chaucer.

EGER E"ger, n.

Defn: An impetuous flood; a bore. See Eagre.

EGERMINATE E*ger"mi*nate, v. i. Etym: [From L. egerminare to sprout.]

Defn: To germinate. [Obs.]

EGEST E*gest", v. t. Etym: [L. egestus, p. p. of egerere to carry out, to discharge; e out + gerere to carry.] (Physiol.)

Defn: To cast or throw out; to void, as excrement; to excrete, as the indigestible matter of the food; in an extended sense, to excrete by the lungs, skin, or kidneys.

EGESTA E*ges"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., neut. pl. from p. p. of L. egere. See Egest.] (Physiol.)

Defn: That which is egested or thrown off from the body by the various excretory channels; excrements; -- opposed to ingesta.

EGESTION E*ges"tion, n. Etym: [L. egestio.]

Defn: Act or process of egesting; a voiding. Sir M. Hale.

EGG Egg, n. Etym: [OE., fr. Icel. egg; akin to AS. æg (whence OE. ey), Sw. ägg, Dan. æg, G. & D. ei, and prob. to OSlav. aje, jaje, L. ovum, Gr. ugh, Gael. ubh, and perh. to L. avis bird. Cf. Oval.]

1. (Popularly)

Defn: The oval or roundish body laid by domestic poultry and other birds, tortoises, etc. It consists of a yolk, usually surrounded by the "white" or albumen, and inclosed in a shell or strong membrane.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A simple cell, from the development of which the young of animals are formed; ovum; germ cell.

3. Anything resembling an egg in form.

Note: Egg is used adjectively, or as the first part of self- explaining compounds; as, egg beater or egg-beater, egg case, egg ladle, egg-shaped, etc. Egg and anchor (Arch.), an egg-shaped ornament, alternating with another in the form of a dart, used to enrich the ovolo; -- called also egg and dart, and egg and tongue. See Anchor, n., 5. Ogilvie. -- Egg cleavage (Biol.), a process of cleavage or segmentation, by which the egg undergoes endogenous division with formation of a mass of nearly similar cells, from the growth and differentiation of which the new organism is ultimately formed. See Segmentation of the ovum, under Segmentation. -- Egg development (Biol.), the process of the development of an egg, by which the embryo is formed. -- Egg mite (Zoöl.), any mite which devours the eggs of insects, as Nothrus ovivorus, which destroys those of the canker worm. -- Egg parasite (Zoöl.), any small hymenopterous insect, which, in the larval stage, lives within the eggs of other insects. Many genera and species are known.

EGG Egg, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Egged; p. pr. & vb. n. Egging.] Etym: [OE. eggen, Icel. eggja, fr. egg edge. Edge.]

Defn: To urge on; to instigate; to incite Adam and Eve he egged to ill. Piers Plowman. [She] did egg him on to tell How fair she was. Warner.

EGGAR Eg"gar, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bombycid moth of the genera Eriogaster and Lasiocampa; as, the oak eggar (L. roboris) of Europe.

EGG-BIRD Egg"-bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of tern, esp. the sooty tern (Sterna fuliginosa) of the West Indies. In the Bahama Islands the name is applied to the tropic bird, Phaëthon flavirostris.

EGG-CUP Egg"-cup`, n.

Defn: A cup used for holding an egg, at table.

EGGEMENT Eg"ge*ment, n. Etym: [Egg, v. t. + -ment.]

Defn: Instigation; incitement. [Obs.] Chaucer.

EGGER Egg"er, n. Etym: [See Egg, n.]

Defn: One who gathers eggs; an eggler.

EGGER Egg"er, n. Etym: [See Egg, v. t.]

Defn: One who eggs or incites.

EGGERY Egg"er*y, n.

Defn: A place where eggs are deposited (as by sea birds) or kept; a nest of eggs. [R.]

EGG-GLASS Egg"-glass`, n.

Defn: A small sandglass, running about three minutes, for marking time in boiling eggs; also, a small glass for holding an egg, at table.

EGGHOT Egg"hot`, n.

Defn: A kind of posset made of eggs, brandy, sugar, and ale. Lamb.

EGGLER Egg"ler, n.

Defn: One who gathers, or deals in, eggs.

EGGNOG Egg`nog", n.

Defn: A drink consisting of eggs beaten up with sugar, milk, and (usually) wine or spirits.

EGGPLANT Egg"plant`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Solanum Melongena), of East Indian origin, allied to the tomato, and bearing a large, smooth, edible fruit, shaped somewhat like an egg; mad-apple.

EGG-SHAPED Egg"-shaped`, a.

Defn: Resembling an egg in form; ovoid.

EGGSHELL Egg"shell`, n.

1. The shell or exterior covering of an egg. Also used figuratively for anything resembling an eggshell.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A smooth, white, marine, gastropod shell of the genus Ovulum, resembling an egg in form.

EGG SQUASH Egg" squash`.

Defn: A variety of squash with small egg-shaped fruit.

EGHEN E"ghen, n. pl.

Defn: Eyes. [Obs.] Chaucer.

EGILOPICAL Eg`i*lop"ic*al, a. Etym: [See Ægilops.] (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to, of the nature of, or affected with, an ægilops, or tumor in the corner of the eye.

EGILOPS Eg"i*lops, n.

Defn: See Ægilops.

EGLANDULOSE; EGLANDULOUS E*glan"du*lose`, E*glan"du*lous, a. Etym: [Pref. e- + glandulose, glandulosus.]

Defn: Destitute of glands.

EGLANTINE Eg"lan*tine, n. Etym: [F. églantine, fr. OF. aiglent brier, hip tree, fr. (assumed) LL. acuculentus, fr. a dim. of L. acus needle; cf. F. aiguille needle. Cf. Aglet.] (Bot.) (a) A species of rose (Rosa Eglanteria), with fragrant foliage and flowers of various colors. (b) The sweetbrier (R. rubiginosa).

Note: Milton, in the following lines, has applied the name to some twinning plant, perhaps the honeysuckle. Through the sweetbrier, or the vine, Or the twisted eglantine. L'Allegro, 47. "In our early writers and in Gerarde and the herbalists, it was a shrub with white flowers." Dr. Prior.

EGLATERE Eg"la*tere, n.

Defn: Eglantine. [Obs. or R.] [Written also eglantere.] Tennyson.

EGLING Eg"ling, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European perch when two years old. [Prov. Eng.]

EGLOMERATE E*glom"er*ate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. e- + glomerate.]

Defn: To unwind, as a thread from a ball. [R.]

EGO E"go, n. Etym: [L., I.] (Met.)

Defn: The conscious and permanent subject of all psychical experiences, whether held to be directly known or the product of reflective thought; -- opposed to non-ego.

EGOICAL E*go"i*cal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to egoism. [R.]

EGOISM E"go*ism, n. Etym: [F. égoïsme, fr. L. -ego I. See I, and cf. Egotism.]

1. (Philos.)

Defn: The doctrine of certain extreme adherents or disciples of Descartes and Johann Gottlieb Fichte, which finds all the elements of knowledge in the ego and the relations which it implies or provides for.

2. Excessive love and thought of self; the habit of regarding one's self as the center of every interest; selfishness; -- opposed to altruism.

EGOIST E"go*ist, n. Etym: [F. égoïste. See Egoism.]

1. One given overmuch to egoism or thoughts of self. I, dullard egoist, taking no special recognition of such nobleness. Carlyle.

2. (Philos.)

Defn: A believer in egoism.

EGOISTIC; EGOISTICAL E`go*is"tic, E`go*is"tic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to egoism; imbued with egoism or excessive thoughts of self; self-loving. Ill-natured feeling, or egoistic pleasure in making men miserable. G. Eliot.

EGOISTICALLY E`go*is"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an egoistic manner.

EGOITY E*go"i*ty, n.

Defn: Personality. [R.] Swift.

EGOMISM E"go*mism, n.

Defn: Egoism. [R.] A. Baxter.

EGOPHONIC E`go*phon"ic, a.

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, egophony.

EGOPHONY E*goph"o*ny, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The sound of a patient's voice so modified as to resemble the bleating of a goat, heard on applying the ear to the chest in certain diseases within its cavity, as in pleurisy with effusion.

EGOTHEISM E"go*the`ism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The deification of self. [R.]

EGOTISM E"go*tism, n. Etym: [L. ego I + ending -tism for -ism, prob. influenced by other English words in -tism fr. the Greek, where t is not part of the ending, as baptism. See Egoism.]

Defn: The practice of too frequently using the word I; hence, a speaking or writing overmuch of one's self; self-exaltation; self- praise; the act or practice of magnifying one's self or parading one's own doings. The word is also used in the sense of egoism. His excessive egotism, which filled all objects with himself. Hazlitt.

Syn. -- Egotism, Self-conceit, Vanity, Egoism. Self-conceit is an overweening opinion of one's talents, capacity, attractions, etc.; egotism is the acting out of self-conceit, or self-importance, in words and exterior conduct; vanity is inflation of mind arising from the idea of being thought highly of by others. It shows itself by its eagerness to catch the notice of others. Egoism is a state in which the feelings are concentrated on one's self. Its expression is egotism.

EGOTIST E"go*tist, n. Etym: [L. ego I + ending -tist for -ist. See Egotism, and cf. Egoist.]

Defn: One addicted to egotism; one who speaks much of himself or magnifies his own achievements or affairs.

EGOTISTIC; EGOTISTICAL E`go*tis"tic, E`go*tis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Addicted to, or manifesting, egotism.

Syn. -- Conceited; vain; self-important; opinionated.

EGOTISTICALLY E`go*tis"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: With egotism.

EGOTIZE E"go*tize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Egotized; p. pr. & vb. n. Egotizing.] Etym: [See Egotism.]

Defn: To talk or write as an egotist. Cowper.

EGRANULOSE E*gran"u*lose`, a. Etym: [Pref. e- + granule.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having no granules, as chlorophyll in certain conditions. R. Brown.

EGRE E"gre, a. & n.

Defn: See Eager, and Eagre. [Obs.]

EGREGIOUS E*gre"gious, a. Etym: [L. egregius; lit., separated or chosen from the herd, i. e., distinguished, excellent; e out + grex, gregis, herd. See Gregarious.]

Defn: Surpassing; extraordinary; distinguished (in a bad sense); -- formerly used with words importing a good quality, but now joined with words having a bad sense; as, an egregious rascal; an egregious ass; an egregious mistake. The egregious impudence of this fellow. Bp. Hall. His [Wyclif's] egregious labors are not to be neglected. Milton.

EGREGIOUSLY E*gre"gious*ly, adv.

Defn: Greatly; enormously; shamefully; as, egregiously cheated.

EGREGIOUSNESS E*gre"gious*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being egregious.

EGREMOIN Eg"re*moin, n. Etym: [See Agrimony.]

Defn: Agrimony (Agrimonia Eupatoria). [Obs.] Chaucer.

EGRESS E"gress, n. Etym: [L. egressus, fr. egredi to go out; e out + gradi to go. See Grade.]

1. The act of going out or leaving, or the power to leave; departure. Embarred from all egress and regress. Holland. Gates of burning adamant, Barred over us, prohibit all egress. Milton.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The passing off from the sun's disk of an inferior planet, in a transit.

EGRESS E*gress", v. i.

Defn: To go out; to depart; to leave.

EGRESSION E*gres"sion, n. Etym: [L. egressio.]

Defn: The act of going; egress. [R.] B. Jonson.

EGRESSOR E*gress"or, n.

Defn: One who goes out. [R.]

EGRET E"gret, n. Etym: [See Aigret, Heron.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The name of several species of herons which bear plumes on the back. They are generally white. Among the best known species are the American egret (Ardea, or Herodias, egretta); the great egret (A. alba); the little egret (A. garzetta), of Europe; and the American snowy egret (A. candidissima). A bunch of egrets killed for their plumage. G. W. Cable.

2. A plume or tuft of feathers worn as a part of a headdress, or anything imitating such an ornament; an aigrette.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The flying feathery or hairy crown of seeds or achenes, as the down of the thistle.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of ape.

EGRETTE E*grette", n. Etym: [See Aigrette.]

Defn: Same as Egret, n.,

2.

EGRIMONY Eg"ri*mo*ny, Etym: [Corrupted fr. agrimony.] (Bot.)

Defn: The herb agrimony. [Obs.]

EGRIMONY Eg"ri*mo*ny, n. Etym: [L. aegrimonia.]

Defn: Sorrow. [Obs.]

EGRIOT E"gri*ot, n. Etym: [F. aigrette, griotte, formerly agriote; cf. aigre sour.]

Defn: A kind of sour cherry. Bacon.

EGRITUDE E"gri*tude, n. Etym: [L. aegritudo, fr. aeger sick.]

Defn: Sickness; ailment; sorrow. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

EGYPTIAN E*gyp"tian, a. Etym: [L. Aegyptius, Gr. Aegyptus) Egypt: cf. F. égyptien. Cf. Gypsy.]

Defn: Pertaining to Egypt, in Africa. Egyptian bean. (Bot.) (a) The beanlike fruit of an aquatic plant (Nelumbium speciosum), somewhat resembling the water lily. (b) See under Bean,

1. -- Egyptian cross. See Illust. (No. 6) of Cross. -- Egyptian thorn (Bot.), a medium-sized tree (Acacia vera). It is one of the chief sources of the best gum arabic.

EGYPTIAN E*gyp"tian, n.

1. A native, or one of the people, of Egypt; also, the Egyptian language.

2. A gypsy. [Obs.] Shak.

EGYPTIZE E"gypt*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Egyptized; p. pr. & vb. n. Egyptizing.]

Defn: To give an Egyptian character or appearance to. Fairbairn.

EGYPTOLOGER; EGYPTOLOGIST E`gyp*tol"o*ger, E`gyp*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One skilled in the antiquities of Egypt; a student of Egyptology.

EGYPTOLOGICAL E*gyp`to*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or devoted to, Egyptology.

EGYPTOLOGY E`gyp*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Egypt + -logy.]

Defn: The science or study of Egyptian antiquities, esp. the hieroglyphics.

EH Eh, interj. Etym: [OE. ei, ey.]

Defn: An expression of inquiry or slight surprise.

EHLITE Eh"lite, n. Etym: [From Ehl near Linz, where it occurs.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a green color and pearly luster; a hydrous phosphate of copper.

EIDER Ei"der, n. Etym: [Of Scand. origin, cf. Icel æ; akin to Sw. eider, Dan. ederfugl.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of sea duck of the genus Somateria, esp. Somateria mollissima, which breeds in the northern parts of Europe and America, and lines its nest with fine down (taken from its own body) which is an article of commerce; -- called also eider duck. The American eider (S. Dresseri), the king eider (S. spectabilis), and the spectacled eider (Arctonetta Fischeri) are related species. Eider down. Etym: [Cf. Icel. æ\'ebardun, Sw. eiderdun, Dan. ederduun.] Down of the eider duck, much sought after as an article of luxury.

EIDOGRAPH Ei"do*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. graph.]

Defn: An instrument for copying drawings on the same or a different scale; a form of the pantograph.

EIDOLON Ei*do"lon, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Idol.]

Defn: An image or representation; a form; a phantom; an apparition. Sir W. Scott.

EIGH Eigh, interj.

Defn: An exclamation expressing delight.

EIGHT Eight, n. Etym: [See Ait.]

Defn: An island in a river; an ait. [Obs.] "Osiers on their eights." Evelyn.

EIGHT Eight, a. Etym: [AS. eahta; akin to OS. ahto, OFries. achta, D. & G. acht, OHG. ahto, Icel. atta, Sw. åtta, Dan. otte, Goth. ahtau, Lith. aszt, Ir. & Gael. ochd, W. wyth, Armor. eich, eiz, L. octo, Gr. ash. Octave.]

Defn: Seven and one; as, eight years.

EIGHT Eight, n.

1. The number greater by a unit than seven; eight units or objects.

2. A symbol representing eight units, as 8 or viii.

EIGHTEEN Eight"een`, a. Etym: [AS. eahtat, eahtat. See Eight, and Ten, and cf. Eighty.]

Defn: Eight and ten; as, eighteen pounds.

EIGHTEEN Eight"een`, n.

1. The number greater by a unit than seventeen; eighteen units or objects.

2. A symbol denoting eighteen units, as 18 or xviii.

EIGHTEENMO Eight`een"mo, a. & n.

Defn: See Octodecimo.

EIGHTEENTH Eight"eenth`, a. Etym: [From Eighteen.]

1. Next in order after the seventeenth.

2. Consisting of one of eighteen equal parts or divisions of a thing.

EIGHTEENTH Eight"eenth`, n.

1. The quotient of a unit divided by eighteen; one of eighteen equal parts or divisions.

2. The eighth after the tenth.

EIGHTETETHE Eight"e*teth`e, a. Etym: [OE., fr. AS. eahtateó; eahta eight + teó tenth. Cf. Eighteenth, Tenth.]

Defn: Eighteenth. [Obs.]

EIGHTFOLD Eight"fold`, a.

Defn: Eight times a quantity.

EIGHTH Eighth, a. Etym: [AS. eahto.]

1. Next in order after the seventh.

2. Consisting of one of eight equal divisions of a thing. Eighth note (Mus.), the eighth part of a whole note, or semibreve; a quaver.

EIGHTH Eighth, n.

1. The quotient of a unit divided by eight; one of eight equal parts; an eighth part.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The interval of an octave.

EIGHTHLY Eighth"ly, adv.

Defn: As the eighth in order.

EIGHTIETH Eight"i*eth, a. Etym: [From Eighty.]

1. The next in order after seventy-ninth.

2. Consisting of one of eighty equal parts or divisions.

EIGHTIETH Eight"i*eth, n.

Defn: The quotient of a unit divided by eighty; one of eighty equal parts.

EIGHTLING Eight"ling, n. Etym: [Eight + -ling.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: A compound or twin crystal made up of eight individuals.

EIGHTSCORE Eight"score`, a. & n.

Defn: Eight times twenty; a hundred and sixty.

EIGHTY Eight"y, a. Etym: [AS. eahtatig, where the ending -tig is akin to English ten; cf. G. achtzig. See Eight, and Ten.]

Defn: Eight times ten; fourscore.

EIGHTY Eight"y, n.

1. The sum of eight times ten; eighty units or objects.

2. A symbol representing eighty units, or ten eight times repeated, as 80 or lxxx.

EIGNE Eigne, a. Etym: [OF. aisné, ainsné, F. aîné, fr. L. ante natus born before. Cf. Esnecy.]

1. (Law)

Defn: Eldest; firstborn. Blackstone.

2. Entailed; belonging to the eldest son. [Obs.] Bastard eigne, a bastard eldest son whose parents afterwards intermarry.

EIKING Eik"ing, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Eking.

EIKON Ei"kon, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: An image or effigy; -- used rather in an abstract sense, and rarely for a work of art.

EIKONOGEN Ei*kon"o*gen, n. [Gr. e'ikw`n, e'iko`nos, image + root of gi`gnesqai to be born.] (Photog. & Chem.)

Defn: The sodium salt of a sulphonic acid of a naphthol, C10H5(OH)(NH2)SO3Na used as a developer.

EIKOSANE Ei"ko*sane, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A solid hydrocarbon, C20H42, of the paraffine series, of artificial production, and also probably occurring in petroleum.

EIKOSYLENE Ei*kos"y*lene, n. Etym: [Gr. ylene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid hydrocarbon, C20H38, of the acetylene series, obtained from brown coal.

EILD Eild, n. Etym: [See Eld.]

Defn: Age. [Obs.] Fairfax.

EIRE Eire, n.

Defn: Air. [Obs.] Chaucer.

EIRENARCH Ei`re*narch, n. Etym: [See Irenarch.] (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A justice of the peace; irenarch.

EIRENIC Ei*ren"ic, a.

Defn: Pacific. See Irenic.

EIRIE Ei"rie, n.