Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (part 31 of 60)

Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (part 31 of 60)

Note: The active form of the infinitive of let, as of many other English verbs, is often used in a passive sense; as, a house to let (i. e., for letting, or to be let). This form of expression conforms to the use of the Anglo-Saxon gerund with to (dative infinitive) which was commonly so employed. See Gerund, 2. " Your elegant house in Harley Street is to let." Thackeray. In the imperative mood, before the first person plural, let has a hortative force. " Rise up, let us go." Mark xiv. 42. " Let us seek out some desolate shade." Shak. To let alone, to leave; to withdraw from; to refrain from interfering with. -- To let blood, to cause blood to flow; to bleed. -- To let down. (a) To lower. (b) To soften in tempering; as to let down tools, cutlery, and the like. -- To let drive or fly, to discharge with violence, as a blow, an arrow, or stone. See under Drive, and Fly. -- To let in or into. (a) To permit or suffer to enter; to admit. (b) To insert, or imbed, as a piece of wood, in a recess formed in a surface for the purpose. To let loose, to remove restraint from; to permit to wander at large. -- To let off (a) To discharge; to let fly, as an arrow; to fire the charge of, as a gun. (b) To release, as from an engagement or obligation. [Colloq.] To let out. (a) To allow to go forth; as, to let out a prisoner. (b) To extend or loosen, as the folds of a garment; to enlarge; to suffer to run out, as a cord. (c) To lease; to give out for performance by contract, as a job. (d) To divulge. -- To let slide, to let go; to cease to care for. [Colloq.] " Let the world slide." Shak.

LET Let, v. i.

1. To forbear. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. To be let or leased; as, the farm lets for $500 a year. See note under Left, v. i. To let on, to tell; to tattle; to divulge something. [Low] -- To let up, to become less severe; to diminish; to cease; as, when the storm lets up. [Colloq.]

LET-ALONE Let"-a*lone", a.

Defn: Letting alone. The let-alone principle, doctrine, or policy. (Polit. Econ.) See Laissez faire.

LETCH Letch, v. & n.

Defn: See Leach.

LETCH Letch, n. Etym: [See Lech, Lecher.]

Defn: Strong desire; passion. (Archaic.) Some people have a letch for unmasking impostors, or for avenging the wrongs of others. De Quincey.

LETCHY Letch"y, a.

Defn: See Leachy.

LETE Lete, v. t.

Defn: To let; to leave. [Obs.]

LETEN Let"en, obs. p. p.

Defn: of Lete. Chaucer.

LETHAL Leth"al, n. Etym: [Lauric + ether + alcohol.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of the higher alcohols of the paraffine series obtained from spermaceti as a white crystalline solid. It is so called because it occurs in the ethereal salt of lauric acid.

LETHAL Le"thal, a. Etym: [L. lethalis, letalis, fr. lethum, letum, death: cf. F. léthal.]

Defn: Deadly; mortal; fatal. "The lethal blow." W. Richardson. -- Le"thal*ly, adv.

LETHALITY Le*thal"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. léthalité.]

Defn: The quality of being lethal; mortality.

LETHARGIC; LETHARGICAL Le*thar"gic, Le*thar"gic*al, a. Etym: [L. lethargicus, Gr. léthargique. See Lethargy.]

Defn: Pertaining to, affected with, or resembling, lethargy; morbidly drowsy; dull; heavy. -- Le*thar"gic*al*ly, v. -- Le*thar"gic*al*ness, n. -- Le*thar"gic*ness, n.

LETHARGIZE Leth"ar*gize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lethargized; p. pr. & vb. n. Lethargizing.]

Defn: To make lethargic. All bitters are poison, and act by stilling, and depressing, and lethargizing the irritability. Coleridge.

LETHARGY Leth"ar*gy, n.; pl. -gies. Etym: [F. léthargie, L. letgargia, Gr. Lethe.]

1. Morbid drowsiness; continued or profound sleep, from which a person can scarcely be awaked.

2. A state of inaction or indifference. Europe lay then under a deep lethargy. Atterbury.

LETHARGY Leth"ar*gy, v. t.

Defn: To lethargize. [Obs.] Shak.

LETHE Le"the, n. Etym: [See Lethal.]

Defn: Death.[Obs.] Shak.

LETHE Le"the (le"the), n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A river of Hades whose waters when drunk caused forgetfulness of the past.

2. Oblivion; a draught of oblivion; forgetfulness.

LETHEAN Le*the"an, a. Etym: [L. Letha, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Lethe; resembling in effect the water of Lethe. Milton. Barrow.

LETHEED Le"theed, a.

Defn: Caused by Lethe. " Letheed dullness." [Obs.] Shak.

LETHEON Le"the*on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Sulphuric ether used as an anæsthetic agent. [R.]

LETHEONIZE Le"the*on*ize, v. t.

Defn: To subject to the influence of letheon. [R. or Obs.]

LETHIFEROUS Le*thif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. lethifer, letifer, fr. lethum, letum, death + ferre to bear, to bring: cf. F. léthifère.]

Defn: Deadly; bringing death or destruction.

LETHY Le"thy, a.

Defn: Lethean. [Obs.] Marston.

LET-OFF Let"-off`, n. (Mach.)

Defn: A device for letting off, releasing, or giving forth, as the warp from the cylinder of a loom.

LETTE Let"te, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Letted.]

Defn: To let; to hinder. See Let, to hinder. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LETTER Let"ter, n. Etym: [From Let to permit.]

Defn: One who lets or permits; one who lets anything for hire.

LETTER Let"ter, n. Etym: [From Let to hinder.]

Defn: One who retards or hinders. [Archaic.]

LETTER Let"ter, n. Etym: [OE. lettre, F. lettre, OF. letre, fr. L.littera, litera, a letter; pl., an epistle, a writing, literature, fr. linere, litum, to besmear, to spread or rub over; because one of the earliest modes of writing was by graving the characters upon tablets smeared over or covered with wax. Pliny, xiii. 11. See Leniment, and cf. Literal.]

1. A mark or character used as the representative of a sound, or of an articulation of the human organs of speech; a first element of written language. And a superscription also was written over him in letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew. Luke xxiii. 38.

2. A written or printed communication; a message expressed in intelligible characters on something adapted to conveyance, as paper, parchment, etc.; an epistle. The style of letters ought to be free, easy, and natural. Walsh.

3. A writing; an inscription. [Obs.] None could expound what this letter meant. Chaucer.

4. Verbal expression; literal statement or meaning; exact signification or requirement. We must observe the letter of the law, without doing violence to the reason of the law and the intention of the lawgiver. Jer. Taylor. I broke the letter of it to keep the sense. Tennyson.

5. (Print.)

Defn: A single type; type, collectively; a style of type. Under these buildings . . . was the king's printing house, and that famous letter so much esteemed. Evelyn.

6. pl.

Defn: Learning; erudition; as, a man of letters.

7. pl.

Defn: A letter; an epistle. [Obs.] Chaucer. Dead letter, Drop letter, etc. See under Dead, Drop, etc. -- Letter book, a book in which copies of letters are kept. -- Letter box, a box for the reception of letters to be mailed or delivered. -- Letter carrier, a person who carries letters; a postman; specif., an officer of the post office who carries letters to the persons to whom they are addressed, and collects letters to be mailed. -- Letter cutter, one who engraves letters or letter punches. -- Letter lock, a lock that can not be opened when fastened, unless certain movable lettered rings or disks forming a part of in are in such a position (indicated by a particular combination of the letters) as to permit the bolt to be withdrawn. A strange lock that opens with AMEN. Beau. & Fl. -- Letter paper, paper for writing letters on; especially, a size of paper intermediate between note paper and foolscap. See Paper. -- Letter punch, a steel punch with a letter engraved on the end, used in making the matrices for type. -- Letters of administration (Law), the instrument by which an administrator or administratrix is authorized to administer the goods and estate of a deceased person. -- Letter of attorney, Letter of credit, etc. See under Attorney, Credit, etc. -- Letter of license, a paper by which creditors extend a debtor's time for paying his debts. -- Letters close or clause (Eng. Law.), letters or writs directed to particular persons for particular purposes, and hence closed or sealed on the outside; -- distinguished from letters patent. Burrill. -- Letters of orders (Eccl.), a document duly signed and sealed, by which a bishop makes it known that he has regularly ordained a certain person as priest, deacon, etc. -- Letters patent, overt, or open (Eng. Law), a writing executed and sealed, by which power and authority are granted to a person to do some act, or enjoy some right; as, letters patent under the seal of England. -- Letter-sheet envelope, a stamped sheet of letter paper issued by the government, prepared to be folded and sealed for transmission by mail without an envelope. -- Letters testamentary (Law), an instrument granted by the proper officer to an executor after probate of a will, authorizing him to act as executor. -- Letter writer. (a) One who writes letters. (b) A machine for copying letters. (c) A book giving directions and forms for the writing of letters.

LETTER Let"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lettered; p. pr. & vb. n. Lettering.]

Defn: To impress with letters; to mark with letters or words; as, a book gilt and lettered.

LETTERED Let"tered, a.

1. Literate; educated; versed in literature. " Are you not lettered" Shak. The unlettered barbarians willingly accepted the aid of the lettered clergy, still chiefly of Roman birth, to reduce to writing the institutes of their forefathers. Milman.

2. Of or pertaining to learning or literature; learned. " A lettered education." Collier.

3. Inscribed or stamped with letters. Addison.

LETTERER Let"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who makes, inscribes, or engraves, alphabetical letters.

LETTERGRAM Let"ter*gram, n.

Defn: See Letter, above.

LETTERING Let"ter*ing, n.

1. The act or business of making, or marking with, letters, as by cutting or painting.

2. The letters made; as, the lettering of a sign.

LETTERLESS Let"ter*less, a.

1. Not having a letter.

2. Illiterate. [Obs.] E. Waterhouse.

LETTERN Let"tern, n.

Defn: See Lecturn.

LETTERPRESS Let"ter*press", n.

Defn: Print; letters and words impressed on paper or other material by types; -- often used of the reading matter in distinction from the illustrations. Letterpress printing, printing directly from type, in distinction from printing from plates.

LETTERURE Let"ter*ure, n.

Defn: Letters; literature. [Obs.] "To teach him letterure and courtesy." Chaucer.

LETTERWOOD Let"ter*wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The beautiful and highly elastic wood of a tree of the genus Brosimum (B. Aubletii), found in Guiana; -- so called from black spots in it which bear some resemblance to hieroglyphics; also called snakewood, and leopardwood. It is much used for bows and for walking sticks.

LETTIC Let"tic, a. (a) Of or pertaining to the Letts; Lettish. (b) Of or pertaining to a branch of the Slavic family, subdivided into Lettish, Lithuanian, and Old Prussian. -- n. (a) The language of the Letts; Lettish. (b) The language of the Lettic race, including Lettish, Lithuanian, and Old Prussian.

LETTISH Let"tish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Letts. -- n.

Defn: The language spoken by the Letts. See Lettic.

LETTRURE Let"trure, n.

Defn: See Letterure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LETTS Letts, n. pl.; sing. Lett (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: An Indo-European people, allied to the Lithuanians and Old Prussians, and inhabiting a part of the Baltic provinces of Russia.

LETTUCE Let"tuce, n. Etym: [OE. letuce, prob. through Old French from some Late Latin derivative of L. lactuca lettuce, which, according to Varro, is fr. lac, lactis, milk, on account of the milky white juice which flows from it when it is cut: cf. F. laitue. Cf. Lacteal, Lactucic.] (Bot.)

Defn: A composite plant of the genus Lactuca (L. sativa), the leaves of which are used as salad. Plants of this genus yield a milky juice, from which lactucarium is obtained. The commonest wild lettuce of the United States is L. Canadensis. Hare's lettuce, Lamb's lettuce. See under Hare, and Lamb. -- Lettuce opium. See Lactucarium. -- Sea lettuce, certain papery green seaweeds of the genus Ulva.

LETUARY Let"u*a*ry, n.

Defn: Electuary. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LET-UP Let"-*up`, n. Etym: [See Let to forbear.]

Defn: Abatement; also, cessation; as, it blew a gale for three days without any let-up. [Colloq.]

LEUC- Leuc-

Defn: . Same as Leuco-.

LEUCADENDRON Leu`ca*den"dron, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of evergreen shrubs from the Cape of Good Hope, having handsome foliage. Leucadendron argenteum is the silverboom of the colonists.

LEUCANILINE Leu*can"i*line, n. Etym: [Leuc- + aniline.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, crystalline, organic base, obtained from rosaniline by reduction, and also from other sources. It forms colorless salts.

LEUCHAEMIA Leu*chæ"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: See Leucocythæmia. -- Leu*chæm"ic, a. [Written also leukæmia, leukæmic.]

LEUCIC; LEUCINIC Leu"cic, Leu*cin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from leucin, and called also oxycaproic acid.

LEUCIN Leu"cin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance formed in the decomposition of albuminous matter by pancreatic digestion, by the action of boiling dilute sulphuric acid, and by putrefaction. It is also found as a constituent of various tissues and organs, as the spleen, pancreas, etc., and likewise in the vegetable kingdom. Chemically it is to be considered as amido-caproic acid. (CH3)2CH.CH2.CH(NH2)-COOH. L-leucine, the natural form, is present in most proteins.

LEUCITE Leu"cite, n. Etym: [Gr.leucite.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral having a glassy fracture, occurring in translucent trapezohedral crystals. It is a silicate of alumina and potash. It is found in the volcanic rocks of Italy, especially at Vesuvius.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A leucoplast.

LEUCITIC Leu*cit"ic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Containing leucite; as, leucitic rocks.

LEUCITOID Leu"ci*toid, n. Etym: [Leucite + -oid.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: The trapezohedron or tetragonal trisoctahedron; -- so called as being the form of the mineral leucite.

LEUCO-; LEUC- Leu"co-, Leuc-.Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A combining form signifying white, colorless; specif. (Chem.), denoting an extensive series of colorless organic compounds, obtained by reduction from certain other colored compounds; as, leucaniline, leucaurin, etc.

LEUCOCYTE Leu"co*cyte, n. Etym: [Leuco- + Cr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A colorless corpuscle, as one of the white blood corpuscles, or those found in lymph, marrow of hone, connective tissue, etc.

Note: They all consist of more or less spherical masses of protoplasm, without any surrounding membrane or wall, and are capable of motion.

LEUCOCYTHAEMIA; LEUCOCYTHEMIA Leu`co*cy*thæ"mi*a, Leu`co*cy*the"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A disease in which the white corpuscles of the blood are largely increased in number, and there is enlargement of the spleen, or the lymphatic glands; leuchæmia.

LEUCOCYTOGENESIS Leu`co*cy`to*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Leucocyte + genesis.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The formation of leucocytes.

LEUCOETHIOPIC Leu`co*e`thi*op"ic, a. Etym: [Leuco- + Ethiopic.]

Defn: White and black; -- said of a white animal of a black species, or the albino of the negro race.

LEUCOETHIOPS Leu`co*e"thi*ops, n. Etym: [Leuco- + Aethiops.]

Defn: An albino. [Also written leucoethiops.]

LEUCOLINE Leu"co*line, n. Etym: [Leuc- + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous organic base from coal tar, and identical with quinoline. Cf. Quinoline.

LEUCOMA Leu*co"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A white opacity in the cornea of the eye; -- called also albugo.

LEUCOMAINE Leu*co"ma*ine, n. Etym: [Leuco- + -maine, as in ptomaine.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: An animal base or alkaloid, appearing in the tissue during life; hence, a vital alkaloid, as distinguished from a ptomaine or cadaveric poison.

LEUCONIC Leu*con"ic, a. Etym: [Leuc- + croconic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a complex organic acid, obtained as a yellowish white gum by the oxidation of croconic acid.

LEUCOPATHY Leu*cop"a*thy, n. Etym: [Leuco- + Gr.

Defn: The state of an albino, or of a white child of black parents.

LEUCOPHANE Leu"co*phane, n. Etym: [Gr. leukophan.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a greenish yellow color; it is a silicate of glucina, lime, and soda with fluorine. Called also leucophanite.

LEUCOPHLEGMACY Leu`co*phleg"ma*cy, n. Etym: [Gr. leucophlegmasie.] (Med.)

Defn: A dropsical habit of body, or the commencement of anasarca; paleness, with viscid juices and cold sweats.

LEUCOPHLEGMATIC Leu`co*phleg*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. leucophlegmatique, Gr.

Defn: Having a dropsical habit of body, with a white bloated skin.

LEUCOPHYLL Leu"co*phyll, n. Etym: [Leuco- + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless substance isomeric with chlorophyll, contained in parts of plants capable of becoming green. Watts.

LEUCOPHYLLOUS Leu*coph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having white or silvery foliage.

LEUCOPLAST; LEUCOPLASTID Leu"co*plast, Leu`co*plas"tid, n. Etym: [Leuco- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: One of certain very minute whitish or colorless granules occurring in the protoplasm of plants and supposed to be the nuclei around which starch granules will form.

LEUCOPYRITE Leu*cop"y*rite, n. Etym: [Leuco- + pyrites.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a color between white and steel-gray, with a metallic luster, and consisting chiefly of arsenic and iron.

LEUCORRHOEA Leu`cor*rhoe"a, n. Etym: [Leuco- + Gr. "rei^n to flow.] (Med.)

Defn: A discharge of a white, yellowish, or greenish, viscid mucus, resulting from inflammation or irritation of the membrane lining the genital organs of the female; the whites. Dunglison.

LEUCORYX Leu"co*ryx, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large antelope of North Africa (Oryx leucoryx), allied to the gemsbok.

LEUCOSCOPE Leu"co*scope, n. Etym: [Leuco- + -scope.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument, devised by Professor Helmholtz, for testing the color perception of the eye, or for comparing different lights, as to their constituent color or their relative whiteness.

LEUCOSOID Leu"co*soid, a. Etym: [NL. Leucosia, the typical genus (fr. Gr. - oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the Leucosoidea, a tribe of marine crabs including the box crab or Calappa.

LEUCOSPHERE Leu"co*sphere, n. Etym: [Leuco- + sphere.] (Astron.)

Defn: The inner corona. [R.]

LEUCOTURIC Leu`co*tu"ric, a. Etym: [Leuco- + allantoic + uric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a nitrogenous organic substance of the uric acid group, called leucoturic acid or oxalantin. See Oxalantin.

LEUCOUS Leu"cous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: White; -- applied to albinos, from the whiteness of their skin and hair.

LEUCOXENE Leu*cox"ene, n. Etym: [Leuco- + Gr. xe`nos stranger.] (Min.)

Defn: A nearly opaque white mineral, in part identical with titanite, observed in some igneous rocks as the result of the alteration of titanic iron.

LEUKAEMIA Leu*kæ"mi*a, n.

Defn: Leucocythæmia.

LEUKE; LEUKENESS Leuke, a., Leuke"ness, n.

Defn: See Luke, etc.

LEUKOPLAST Leu"ko*plast, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Leucoplast.

LEUKOPLAST Leu"ko*plast (lu"ko*plast), n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Leucoplast.

LEVANA Le*va"na, n. Etym: [L., fr. levare to raise.] (Rom. Myth.)

Defn: A goddess who protected newborn infants.

LEVANT Le"vant, a. Etym: [F., p. pr. of lever to raise.] (Law)

Defn: Rising or having risen from rest; -- said of cattle. See Couchant and levant, under Couchant.

LEVANT Le*vant", n. Etym: [It. levante the point where the sum rises, the east, the Levant, fr.levare to raise, levarsi to rise: cf. F. levant. See Lever.]

1. The countries washed by the eastern part of the Mediterranean and its contiguous waters.

2. A levanter (the wind so called).

LEVANT Le"vant, a.

Defn: Eastern. [Obs.] Forth rush the levant and the ponent winds. Milton.

LEVANT Le*vant", v. i. Etym: [Cf. Sp. levantar to raise, go from one place to another.]

Defn: To run away from one's debts; to decamp. [Colloq. Eng.] Thackeray.

LEVANTER Le*vant"er, n. Etym: [From Levant, v.]

Defn: One who levants, or decamps. [Colloq. Eng.]

LEVANTER Le*vant"er, n. Etym: [From Levant, n.]

Defn: A strong easterly wind peculiar to the Mediterranean. W. H. Russell.

LEVANTINE Le*vant"ine, a. Etym: [F. levantin, or It. levantino. See Levant, n.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Levant. J. Spencer.

LEVANTINE Le*vant"ine, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of the Levant.

2. Etym: [F. levantine, or It. levantina.]

Defn: A stout twilled silk fabric, formerly made in the Levant.

LEVARI FACIAS Le*va`ri fa"ci*as. Etym: [Law L., cause to be levied.]

Defn: A writ of execution at common law.

LEVATION Le*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. levatio.]

Defn: The act of raising; elevation; upward motion, as that produced by the action of a levator muscle.

LEVATOR Le*va"tor, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. levare to raise. See Lever, n.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle that serves to raise some part, as the lip or the eyelid.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: A surgical instrument used to raise a depressed part of the skull.

LEVE Leve, a.

Defn: Dear. See Lief. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LEVE Leve, n. & v.

Defn: Same as 3d & 4th Leave. [Obs.]

LEVE Leve, v. i.

Defn: To live. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LEVE Leve, v. t. Etym: [OE., fr. AS. l, abbrev. fr. gel. See Believe.]

Defn: To believe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LEVE Leve, v. t. Etym: [OE. leven, AS. l, l. See Leave permission.]

Defn: To grant; -- used esp. in exclamations or prayers followed by a dependent clause. [Obs.] God leve all be well. Chaucer.

LEVECHE Le*ve"che, n. [Sp. Cf. Lebeccio.] (Meteor.)

Defn: A dry sirocco of Spain.

LEVEE Lev"ee, n. Etym: [F. lever, fr. lever to raise, se lever to rise. See Lever, n.]

1. The act of rising. " The sun's levee." Gray.

2. A morning assembly or reception of visitors, -- in distinction from a soirée, or evening assembly; a matinée; hence, also, any general or somewhat miscellaneous gathering of guests, whether in the daytime or evening; as, the president's levee.

Note: In England a ceremonious day reception, when attended by both ladies and gentlemen, is called a drawing-room.

LEVEE Lev"ee, v. t.

Defn: To attend the levee or levees of. He levees all the great. Young.

LEVEE Lev"ee, n. Etym: [F. levée, fr. lever to raise. See Lever, and cf. Levy.]

Defn: An embankment to prevent inundation; as, the levees along the Mississippi; sometimes, the steep bank of a river. [U. S. ]

LEVEE Lev"ee, v. t.

Defn: To keep within a channel by means of levees; as, to levee a river. [U. S.]

LEVEE EN MASSE Le*vée" en` masse". Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Levy in mass, under Levy, n.

LEVEFUL Leve"ful, a. Etym: [Leve, n. + -ful.]

Defn: Allowable; permissible; lawful. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LEVEL Lev"el, n. Etym: [OE. level, livel, OF. livel, F. niveau, fr. L. libella level, water level, a plumb level, dim. of libra pound, measure for liquids, balance, water poise, level. Cf. Librate, Libella.]

1. A line or surface to which, at every point, a vertical or plumb line is perpendicular; a line or surface which is everywhere parallel to the surface of still water; -- this is the true level, and is a curve or surface in which all points are equally distant from the center of the earth, or rather would be so if the earth were an exact sphere.

2. A horizontal line or plane; that is, a straight line or a plane which is tangent to a true level at a given point and hence parallel to the horizon at that point; -- this is the apparent level at the given point.

3. An approximately horizontal line or surface at a certain degree of altitude, or distance from the center of the earth; as, to climb from the level of the coast to the l of the plateau and then descent to the level of the valley or of the sea. After draining of the level in Northamptonshire. Sir M. Hale. Shot from the deadly level of a gun. Shak.

4. Hence, figuratively, a certain position, rank, standard, degree, quality, character, etc., conceived of as in one of several planes of different elevation. Providence, for the most part, sets us on a level. Addison. Somebody there of his own level. Swift. Be the fair level of thy actions laid As temperance wills and prudence may persuade. Prior.

5. A uniform or average height; a normal plane or altitude; a condition conformable to natural law or which will secure a level surface; as, moving fluids seek a level. When merit shall find its level. F. W. Robertson.

6. (Mech. & Surv.) (a) An instrument by which to find a horizontal line, or adjust something with reference to a horizontal line. (b) A measurement of the difference of altitude of two points, by means of a level; as, to take a level.

7. A horizontal passage, drift, or adit, in mine. Air level, a spirit level. See Spirit level (below). -- Box level, a spirit level in which a glass-covered box is used instead of a tube. -- Garpenter's level, Mason's level, either the plumb level or a straight bar of wood, in which is imbedded a small spirit level. -- Level of the sea, the imaginary level from which heights and depths are calculated, taken at a mean distance between high and low water. -- Line of levels, a connected series of measurements, by means of a level, along a given line, as of a railroad, to ascertain the profile of the ground. -- Plumb level, one in which a horizontal bar is placed in true position by means of a plumb line, to which it is at right angles. -- Spirit level, one in which the adjustment to the horizon is shown by the position of a bubble in alcohol or ether contained in a nearly horizontal glass tube, or a circular box with a glass cover. -- Surveyor's level, a telescope, with a spirit level attached, and with suitable screws, etc., for accurate adjustment, the whole mounted on a tripod, for use in leveling; -- called also leveling instrument. -- Water level, an instrument to show the level by means the surface of water in a trough, or in upright tubes connected by a pipe.

LEVEL Lev"el, a.

1. Even; flat; having no part higher than another; having, or conforming to, the curvature which belongs to the undisturbed liquid parts of the earth's surface; as, a level field; level ground; the level surface of a pond or lake. Ample spaces o'er the smooth And level pavement. Milton.

2. Coinciding or parallel with the plane of the horizon; horizontal; as, the telescope is now level.

3. Even with anything else; of the same height; on the same line or plane; on the same footing; of equal importance; -- followed by with, sometimes by to. Young boys and girls Are level now with men; the odds is gone. Shak. Everything lies level to our wish. Shak.

4. Straightforward; direct; direct; clear; open. A very plain and level account. M. Arnold.

5. Well balanced; even; just; steady; impartial; as, a level head; a level understanding. [Colloq.] " A level consideration." Shak.

6. (Phonetics)

Defn: Of even tone; without rising or falling inflection. H. Sweet. Level line (Shipbuilding), the outline of a section which is horizontal crosswise, and parallel with the rabbet of the keel lengthwise. Level surface (Physics), an equipotential surface at right angles at every point to the lines of force.

LEVEL Lev"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Leveled or Levelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Leveling or Levelling.]

1. To make level; to make horizontal; to bring to the condition of a level line or surface; hence, to make flat or even; as, to level a road, a walk, or a garden.

2. To bring to a lower level; to overthrow; to topple down; to reduce to a flat surface; to lower. And their proud structures level with the ground. Sandys. He levels mountains and he raises plains. Dryden.

3. To bring to a horizontal position, as a gun; hence, to point in taking aim; to aim; to direct. Bertram de Gordon, standing on the castle wall, leveled a quarrel out of a crossbow. Stow.

4. Figuratively, to bring to a common level or plane, in respect of rank, condition, character, privilege, etc.; as, to level all the ranks and conditions of men.

5. To adjust or adapt to a certain level; as, to level remarks to the capacity of children. For all his mind on honor fixed is, To which he levels all his purposes. Spenser.

LEVEL Lev"el, v. i.

1. To be level; to be on a level with, or on an equality with, something; hence, to accord; to agree; to suit. [Obs.] With such accommodation and besort As levels with her breeding. Shak.

2. To aim a gun, spear, etc., horizontally; hence, to aim or point a weapon in direct line with the mark; fig., to direct the eye, mind, or effort, directly to an object. The foeman may with as great aim level at the edge of a penknife. Shak. The glory of God and the good of his church . . . ought to be the mark whereat we also level. Hooker. She leveled at our purposes. Shak.

LEVELER Lev"el*er, n. Etym: [Written also leveller.]

1. One who, or that which, levels.

2. One who would remove social inequalities or distinctions; a socialist.

LEVELING Lev"el*ing, n. Etym: [Written also levelling.]

1. The act or operation of making level.

2. (Surveying)

Defn: The art or operation of using a leveling instrument for finding a horizontal line, for ascertaining the differences of level between different points of the earth's surface included in a survey, for establishing grades, etc., as in finding the descent of a river, or locating a line of railroad. Leveling instrument. See Surveyor's level, under Level, n. -- Leveling staff, a graduated rod or staff used in connection with a leveling instrument for measuring differences of level between points.

LEVELISM Lev"el*ism, n.

Defn: The disposition or endeavor to level all distinctions of rank in society.

LEVELLY Lev"el*ly, adv.

Defn: In an even or level manner.

LEVELNESS Lev"el*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being level.

LEVEN Lev"en, n. Etym: [See Levin.]

Defn: Lightning. [Obs.] Wild thunder dint and fiery leven. Chaucer.

LEVER Lev"er, a. Etym: [Old compar. of leve or lief.]

Defn: More agreeable; more pleasing. [Obs.] Chaucer. To be lever than. See Had as lief, under Had.

LEVER Lev"er, adv.

Defn: Bather. [Obs.] Chaucer. For lever had I die than see his deadly face. Spenser.

LEVER Le"ver, n. Etym: [OE. levour, OF. leveor, prop., a lifter, fr. F. lever to raise, L. levare; akin to levis light in weight, E. levity, and perh. to E. light not heavy: cf. F. levier. Cf. Alleviate, Elevate, Leaven, Legerdemain, Levy, n.]

1. (Mech.)

Defn: A rigid piece which is capable of turning about one point, or axis (the fulcrum), and in which are two or more other points where forces are applied; -- used for transmitting and modifying force and motion. Specif., a bar of metal, wood, or other rigid substance, used to exert a pressure, or sustain a weight, at one point of its length, by receiving a force or power at a second, and turning at a third on a fixed point called a fulcrum. It is usually named as the first of the six mechanical powers, and is three kinds, according as either the fulcrum F, the weight W, or the power P. respectively, is situated between the other two, as in the figures.

2. (Mach.) (a) A bar, as a capstan bar, applied to a rotatory piece to turn it. (b) An arm on a rock shaft, to give motion to the shaft or to obtain motion from it. Compound lever, a machine consisting of two or more levers acting upon each other. -- Lever escapement. See Escapement. -- Lever jack. See Jack, n., 5. -- Lever watch, a watch having a vibrating lever to connect the action of the escape wheel with that of the balance. Universal lever, a machine formed by a combination of a lever with the wheel and axle, in such a manner as to convert the reciprocating motion of the lever into a continued rectilinear motion of some body to which the power is applied.

LEVERAGE Lev"er*age, n.

Defn: The action of a lever; mechanical advantage gained by the lever. Leverage of a couple (Mech.), the perpendicular distance between the lines of action of two forces which act in parallel and opposite directions. -- Leverage of a force, the perpendicular distance from the line in which a force acts upon a body to a point about which the body may be supposed to turn.

LEVERET Lev"er*et, n. Etym: [F. levraut, dim. of lièvre hare, L. lepus. Cf. Leporine.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hare in the first year of its age.

LEVEROCK Lev"er*ock, n. Etym: [See Lark.]

Defn: A lark. [Scot.]

LEVERWOOD Lev"er*wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The American hop hornbeam (Ostrya Virginica), a small tree with very tough wood.

LEVESEL Lev"e*sel, n. Etym: [AS. leáf a leaf + sæl, sel, a room, a hall.]

Defn: A leafy shelter; a place covered with foliage. [Obs.] Behind the mill, under a levesel. Chaucer.

LEVET Lev"et, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lever to raise.]

Defn: A trumpet call for rousing soldiers; a reveille. [Obs.] Hudibras.

LEVIABLE Lev"i*a*ble, a. Etym: [From Levy to assess.]

Defn: Fit to be levied; capable of being assessed and collected; as, sums leviable by course of law. Bacon.

LEVIATHAN Le*vi"a*than, n. Etym: [Heb. livyathan.]

1. An aquatic animal, described in the book of Job, ch. xli., and mentioned on other passages of Scripture.

Note: It is not certainly known what animal is intended, whether the crocodile, the whale, or some sort of serpent.

2. The whale, or a great whale. Milton.

LEVIER Lev"i*er, n.

Defn: One who levees. Cartwright.

LEVIGABLE Lev"i*ga*ble a. Etym: [See Levigate, v. t.]

Defn: Capable of being levigated.

LEVIGATE Lev"i*gate, a. Etym: [L. levigatus, p. p. of levigare to lighten, fr. l light.]

Defn: Made less harsh or burdensome; alleviated. [Obs.] Sir. T. Elyot.

LEVIGATE Lev"i*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Levigated; p. pr. & vb. n. Levigating.] Etym: [L. levigatus, p. p. of levigare to make smooth, fr. l smooth; akin to Gr.

Defn: To make smooth in various senses: (a) To free from grit; to reduce to an impalpable powder or paste. (b) To mix thoroughly, as liquids or semiliquids. (c) To polish. (d) To make smooth in action. " When use hath levigated the organs." Barrow. (e) Technically, to make smooth by rubbing in a moist condition between hard surfaces, as in grinding pigments.

LEVIGATE Lev"i*gate, a. Etym: [L. levigatus, p. p.]

Defn: Made smooth, as if polished.

LEVIGATION Lev"i*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. levigatio a smoothing: cf. F. lévigation.]

Defn: The act or operation of levigating.

LEVIN Lev"in, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain. Cf. Leven.]

Defn: Lightning. [Obs.] Spenser. Levin brand, a thunderbolt. [Obs.] Spenser.

LEVINER Lev"in*er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A swift hound.

LEVIR Le"vir, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A husband's brother; -- used in reference to levirate marriages.

LEVIRATE; LEVIRATICAL Lev"i*rate, Lev`i*rat"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. levir a husband's brother, brother-in-law; akin to Gr. lévirat leviration.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or in accordance with, a law of the ancient Israelites and other tribes and races, according to which a woman, whose husband died without issue, was married to the husband's brother. The firstborn son of a leviratical marriage was reckoned and registered as the son of the deceased brother. Alford.

LEVIRATION Lev`i*ra"tion, n.

Defn: Levirate marriage or marriages. Kitto.

LEVIROSTRES Lev`i*ros"tres, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. levis light + rostrum beak.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of birds, including the hornbills, kingfishers, and related forms.

LEVITATE Lev"i*tate, v. i. Etym: [L. levitas, -atis, lightness. See Levity.]

Defn: To rise, or tend to rise, as if lighter than the surrounding medium; to become buoyant; -- opposed to gravitate. Sir. J. Herschel.

LEVITATE Lev"i*tate, v. i. (Spiritualism)

Defn: To make buoyant; to cause to float in the air; as, to levitate a table. [Cant]

LEVITATION Lev`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. levis light in weight.]

1. Lightness; buoyancy; act of making light. Paley.

2. The act or process of making buoyant.

LEVITE Le"vite, n. Etym: [L. Levites, Gr. Levi, one of the sons of Jacob.]

1. (Bib. Hist.)

Defn: One of the tribe or family of Levi; a descendant of Levi; esp., one subordinate to the priests (who were of the same tribe) and employed in various duties connected with the tabernacle first, and afterward the temple, such as the care of the building, bringing of wood and other necessaries for the sacrifices, the music of the services, etc.

2. A priest; so called in contempt or ridicule.

LEVITICAL Le*vit"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. Leviticus, Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to a Levite or the Levites.

2. Priestly. " Levitical questions." Milton.

3. Of or pertaining to, or designating, the law contained in the book of Leviticus. Ayliffe. Levitical degrees, degrees of relationship named in Leviticus, within which marriage is forbidden.

LEVITICALLY Le*vit"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: After the manner of the Levites; in accordance with the levitical law.

LEVITICUS Le*vit"i*cus, n. Etym: [See Levitical.]

Defn: The third canonical book of the Old Testament, containing the laws and regulations relating to the priests and Levites among the Hebrews, or the body of the ceremonial law.

LEVITY Lev"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. levitas, fr. levis light in weight; akin to levare to raise. See Lever, n.]

1. The quality of weighing less than something else of equal bulk; relative lightness, especially as shown by rising through, or floating upon, a contiguous substance; buoyancy; -- opposed to gravity. He gave the form of levity to that which ascended; to that which descended, the form of gravity. Sir. W. Raleigh. This bubble by reason of its comparative levity to the fluidity that incloses it, would ascend to the top. Bentley.

2. Lack of gravity and earnestness in deportment or character; trifling gayety; frivolity; sportiveness; vanity. " A spirit of levity and libertinism." Atterbury. He never employed his omnipotence out of levity. Calamy.

3. Lack of steadiness or constancy; disposition to change; fickleness; volatility. The levity that is fatigued and disgusted with everything of which it is in possession. Burke.

Syn. -- Inconstancy; thoughtlessness; unsteadiness; inconsideration; volatility; flightiness. -- Levity, Volatility, Flightiness. All these words relate to outward conduct. Levity springs from a lightness of mind which produces a disregard of the proprieties of time and place.Volatility is a degree of levity which causes the thoughts to fly from one object to another, without resting on any for a moment. Flightiness is volatility carried to an extreme which often betrays its subject into gross impropriety or weakness. Levity of deportment, of conduct, of remark; volatility of temper, of spirits; flightiness of mind or disposition.

LEVO- Le"vo-.

Defn: A prefix from L. laevus, meaning: (a) Pertaining to, or toward, the left; as, levorotatory. (b) (Chem. & Opt.) Turning the plane of polarized light to the left; as, levotartaric acid; levoracemic acid; levogyratory crystals, etc. [Written also lævo-.]

LEVOGYRATE Le`vo*gy"rate, a. Etym: [Levo- + gyrate.] (Chem. & Physics)

Defn: Turning or twisting the plane of polarization towards the left, as levulose, levotartaric acid, etc. [Written also lævogyrate.]

LEVOROTATION Le`vo*ro*ta"tion, n. [Written also lævorotation.] [Levo- + rotation.] (Physics & Chem.)

Defn: Rotation in the direction of an outgoing right-handed screw; counter-clockwise rotation; -- applied chiefly to the turning of the plane of polarization of light.

LEVOROTATORY Le`vo*ro"ta*to*ry, a. Etym: [Levo- + rotatory.] (Chem. & Physics)

Defn: Turning or rotating the plane of polarization towards the left; levogyrate, as levulose, left handed quartz crystals, etc. [Written also lævorotatory.]

LEVULIN Lev"u*lin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance resembling dextrin, obtained from the bulbs of the dahlia, the artichoke, and other sources, as a colorless, spongy, amorphous material. It is so called because by decomposition it yields levulose. [Written also lævulin.]

LEVULINIC Lev`u*lin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or denoting, an acid (called also acetyl- propionic acid), C5H8O3, obtained by the action of dilute acids on various sugars (as levulose). [Written also lævulinic.]

LEVULOSAN Lev`u*lo"san, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An unfermentable carbohydrate obtained by gently heating levulose.

LEVULOSE Lev"u*lose`, n. Etym: [See Levo-.] (Chem.)

Defn: A sirupy variety of sugar, rarely obtained crystallized, occurring widely in honey, ripe fruits, etc., and hence called also fruit sugar. It is called levulose, because it rotates the plane of polarization to the left. [Written also lævulose.]C6H12O6.

Note: It is obtained, together with an equal quantity of dextrose, by the inversion of ordinary cane or beet sugar, and hence, as being an ingredient of invert sugar, is often so called. It is fermentable, nearly as sweet as cane sugar, and is metameric with dextrose. Cf. Dextrose.

LEVY Lev"y, n.; pl. Levies. Etym: [A contr. of elevenpence or elevenpenny bit.]

Defn: A name formerly given in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia to the Spanish real of one eight of a dollar (or 12

LEVY Lev"y, n. Etym: [F. levée, fr. lever to raise. See Lever, and cf. Lever.]

1. The act of levying or collecting by authority; as, the levy of troops, taxes, etc. A levy of all the men left under sixty. Thirlwall.

2. That which is levied, as an army, force, tribute, etc. " The Irish levies." Macaulay.

3. (Law)

Defn: The taking or seizure of property on executions to satisfy judgments, or on warrants for the collection of taxes; a collecting by execution. Levy in mass Etym: [F. levée en masse], a requisition of all able-bodied men for military service.

LEVY Lev"y, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Levied; p. pr. & vb. n. Levying.]

1. To raise, as a siege. [Obs.] Holland.

2. To raise; to collect; said of troops, to form into an army by enrollment, conscription. etc. Augustine . . . inflamed Ethelbert, king of Kent, to levy his power, and to war against them. Fuller.

3. To raise or collect by assessment; to exact by authority; as, to levy taxes, toll, tribute, or contributions. If they do this . . . my ransom, then, Will soon be levied. Shak.

4. (Law) (a) To gather or exact; as, to levy money. (b) To erect, build, or set up; to make or construct; to raise or cast up; as, to levy a mill, dike, ditch, a nuisance, etc. [Obs.] Cowell. Blackstone. (c) To take or seize on execution; to collect by execution. To levy a fine, to commence and carry on a suit for assuring the title to lands or tenements. Blackstone. -- To levy war, to make or begin war; to take arms for attack; to attack.

LEVY Lev"y, v. i.

Defn: To seize property, real or personal, or subject it to the operation of an execution; to make a levy; as, to levy on property; the usual mode of levying, in England, is by seizing the goods. To levy on goods and chattels, to take into custody or seize specific property in satisfaction of a writ.

LEVYNE; LEVYNITE Lev"yne, Lev"yn*ite, n. Etym: [From Mr. Levy, an English mineralogist.] (Min.)

Defn: A whitish, reddish, or yellowish, transparent or translucent mineral, allied to chabazite.

LEW Lew, a. Etym: [Cf. lee a calm or sheltered place, lukewarm.]

Defn: Lukewarm; tepid. [Obs.] Wyclif.

LEWD Lewd, a. [Compar. Lewder; superl. Lewdest.] Etym: [OE.lewed, lewd, lay, ignorant, vile, AS. l laical, belonging to the laity.]

1. Not clerical; laic; laical; hence, unlearned; simple. [Obs.] For if priest be foul, on whom we trust, No wonder is a lewed man to rust. Chaucer. So these great clerks their little wisdom show To mock the lewd, as learn'd in this as they. Sit. J. Davies.

2. Belonging to the lower classes, or the rabble; idle and lawless; bad; vicious. [Archaic] Chaucer. But the Jews, which believed not, . . . took unto them certain lewd fellows of the baser sort, . . . and assaulted the house of Jason. Acts xvii. 5. Too lewd to work, and ready for any kind of mischief. Southey .

3. Given to the promiscuous indulgence of lust; dissolute; lustful; libidinous. Dryden.

4. Suiting, or proceeding from, lustfulness; involving unlawful sexual desire; as, lewd thoughts, conduct, or language.

Syn. -- Lustful; libidinous; licentious; profligate; dissolute; sensual; unchaste; impure; lascivious; lecherous; rakish; debauched. -- Lewd"ly, adv. -- Lewd"ness, n.

LEWDSTER Lewd"ster, n.

Defn: A lewd person. [Obs.] Shak.

LEWIS; LEWISSON Lew"is, Lew"is*son, n.

1. An iron dovetailed tenon, made in sections, which can be fitted into a dovetail mortise; -- used in hoisting large stones, etc.

2. A kind of shears used in cropping woolen cloth. Lewis hole, a hole wider at the bottom than at the mouth, into which a lewis is fitted. De Foe.

LEX Lex, n.; pl. Leges. Etym: [L. See Legal.]

Defn: Law; as, lex talionis, the law of retaliation; lex terræ, the law of the land; lex fori, the law of the forum or court; lex loci, the law of the place; lex mercatoria, the law or custom of merchants.

LEXICAL Lex"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a lexicon, to lexicography, or words; according or conforming to a lexicon. -- Lex"ic*al*ly, adv.

LEXICOGRAPHER Lex`i*cog"ra*pher, n. Etym: [Gr. lexicographe. See Lexicon.]

Defn: The author or compiler of a lexicon or dictionary. Every other author may aspire to praise; the lexicographer can only hope to escape reproach; and even this negative recompense has been yet granted to very few. Johnson.

LEXICOGRAPHIC; LEXICOGRAPHICAL Lex`i*co*graph"ic, Lex`i*co*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. lexicographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or according to, lexicography. -- Lex`i*co*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

LEXICOGRAPHIST Lex`i*cog"ra*phist, n.

Defn: A lexicographer. [R.] Southey.

LEXICOGRAPHY Lex`i*cog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lexicographie.]

Defn: The art, process, or occupation of making a lexicon or dictionary; the principles which are applied in making dictionaries.

LEXICOLOGIST Lex`i*col"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in lexicology.

LEXICOLOGY Lex`i*col"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. lexicologie.]

Defn: The science of the derivation and signification of words; that branch of learning which treats of the signification and application of words.

LEXICON Lex"i*con, n. Etym: [Gr. Legend.]

Defn: A vocabulary, or book containing an alphabetical arrangement of the words in a language or of a considerable number of them, with the definition of each; a dictionary; especially, a dictionary of the Greek, Hebrew, or Latin language.

LEXICONIST Lex"i*con*ist, n.

Defn: A writer of a lexicon. [R.]

LEXIGRAPHIC Lex`i*graph"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. lexigraphique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to lexigraphy.

LEXIGRAPHY Lex*ig"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. lexigraphie.]

Defn: The art or practice of defining words; definition of words.

LEXIPHANIC Lex`i*phan"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Using, or interlarded with, pretentious words; bombastic; as, a lexiphanic writer or speaker; lexiphanic writing.

LEXIPHANICISM Lex`i*phan"i*cism, n.

Defn: The use of pretentious words, language, or style.

LEXIPHARMIC Lex`i*phar"mic, a.

Defn: See Alexipharmic.

LEY Ley, v. i.

Defn: , & i. To lay; to wager. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LEY Ley, n. Etym: [OF.]

Defn: Law. Abbott.

LEY Ley, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Lye.

LEY Ley, n.

Defn: Grass or meadow land; a lea.

LEY Ley, a.

Defn: Fallow; unseeded. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

LEYDEN JAR; LEYDEN PHIAL Ley"den jar", Ley"den phi"al, (Elec.)

Defn: A glass jar or bottle used to accumulate electricity. It is coated with tin foil, within and without, nearly to its top, and is surmounted by a brass knob which communicates with the inner coating, for the purpose of charging it with electricity. It is so named from having been invented in Leyden, Holland.

LEYSER Ley"ser, n.

Defn: Leisure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LEZE MAJESTY Leze` maj"es*ty. Etym: [F. lese-majesté, fr. L. laesus, fem. laesa, injured (see Lesion) + majestas majesty; that is, crimen laesae majestatis.] [Written also lese majesty.] (Law)

Defn: Any crime committed against the sovereign power.

LHERZOLITE Lher"zo*lite, n. Etym: [From Lherz, a place in the Pyrenees + -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: An igneous rock consisting largely of chrysolite, with pyroxene and picotite (a variety of spinel containing chromium).

LI Li, n.

1. Chinese measure of distance, being a little more that one third of a mile.

2. A Chinese copper coin; a cash. See Cash.

LIABILITY Li`a*bil"i*ty, n.; pl. Liabilities (.

1. The state of being liable; as, the liability of an insurer; liability to accidents; liability to the law.

2. That which one is under obligation to pay, or for which one is liable. Specifically, in the pl.,

Defn: the sum of one's pecuniary obligations; -- opposed to assets. Limited liability. See Limited company, under Limited.

LIABLE Li"a*ble, a. Etym: [From F. lier to bind, L. ligare. Cf. Ally, v. t., Ligature.]

1. Bound or obliged in law or equity; responsible; answerable; as, the surety is liable for the debt of his principal.

2. Exposed to a certain contingency or casualty, more or less probable; -- with to and an infinitive or noun; as, liable to slip; liable to accident.

Syn. -- Accountable; responsible; answerable; bound; subject; obnoxious; exposed. -- Liable, Subject. Liable refers to a future possible or probable happening which may not actually occur; as, horses are liable to slip; even the sagacious are liable to make mistakes. Subject refers to any actual state or condition belonging to the nature or circumstances of the person or thing spoken of, or to that which often befalls one. One whose father was subject to attacks of the gout is himself liable to have that disease. Men are constantly subject to the law, but liable to suffer by its infraction. Proudly secure, yet liable to fall. Milton. All human things are subject to decay. Dryden.

LIABLENESS Li"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being liable; liability.

LIAGE Li"age, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. liage a bond. See Liable.]

Defn: Union by league; alliance. [Obs.]

LIAISON Li`ai`son", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. ligatio, fr. ligare to bind. See Ligature, and cf. Ligation.]

Defn: A union, or bond of union; an intimacy; especially, an illicit intimacy between a man and a woman.

LIANE; LIANA Li*ane", Li*a"na, n. Etym: [F. liane; prob. akin to lien a band, fr. L. ligamen, fr. ligare to bind. Cf. Lien, n. ] (Bot.)

Defn: A luxuriant woody plant, climbing high trees and having ropelike stems. The grapevine often has the habit of a liane. Lianes are abundant in the forests of the Amazon region.

LIAR Li"ar, n. Etym: [OE. liere. See Lie to falsify.]

Defn: A person who knowingly utters falsehood; one who lies.

LIARD Li"ard, a. Etym: [OF. liart, LL. liardus gray, dappie.]

Defn: Gray. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Note: Used by Chaucer as an epithet of a gray or dapple gray horse. Also used as a name for such a horse.

LIARD Liard, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A French copper coin of one fourth the value of a sou.

LIAS Li"as, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lias, fr. liais sort of limestone, OF. also liois; perh. of Celtic origin, cf. Armor. liach, leach, a stone, Gael. leac, W. llech. Cf. Cromlech.] (Geol.)

Defn: The lowest of the three divisions of the Jurassic period; a name given in England and Europe to a series of marine limestones underlying the Oölite. See the Chart of Geology.

LIASSIC Li*as"sic, a. (Geol.)

Defn: Of the age of the Lias; pertaining to the Lias Formation. -- n.

Defn: Same as Lias.

LIB Lib, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Glib to geld.]

Defn: To castrate. [Obs.]

LIBAMENT Lib"a*ment, n. Etym: [L. libamentum.]

Defn: Libation. [Obs.] Holland.

LIBANT Li"bant, a. Etym: [L. libans, p. pr. of libare to taste, touch.]

Defn: Sipping; touching lightly. [R.] Landor.

LIBATION Li*ba"tion, n. Etym: [L. libatio, fr. libare to take a little from anything, to taste, to pour out as an offering: cf. F. libation.]

Defn: The act of pouring a liquid or liquor, usually wine, either on the ground or on a victim in sacrifice, in honor of some deity; also, the wine or liquid thus poured out. Dryden. A heathen sacrifice or libation to the earth. Bacon.

LIBATORY Li"ba*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to libation.

LIBBARD Lib"bard, n. Etym: [See Leopard.]

Defn: A leopard. [Obs. or Poetic] Spenser. Keats.

LIBBARD'S BANE Lib"bard's bane`

Defn: . Leopard's bane. [Obs.]

LIBEL Li"bel, n. Etym: [L. libellus a little book, pamphlet, libel, lampoon, dim. of liber the liber or inner bark of a tree; also (because the ancients wrote on this bark), paper, parchment, or a roll of any material used to write upon, and hence, a book or treatise: cf. F. libelle.]

1. A brief writing of any kind, esp. a declaration, bill, certificate, request, supplication, etc. [Obs.] Chaucer. A libel of forsaking [divorcement]. Wyclif (Matt. v. 31).

2. Any defamatory writing; a lampoon; a satire.

3. (Law)

Defn: A malicious publication expressed either in print or in writing, or by pictures, effigies, or other signs, tending to expose another to public hatred, contempt, or ridicule. Such publication is indictable at common law.

Note: The term, in a more extended sense, includes the publication of such writings, pictures, and the like, as are of a blasphemous, treasonable, seditious, or obscene character. These also are indictable at common law.

4. (Law)

Defn: The crime of issuing a malicious defamatory publication.

5. (Civil Law & Courts of Admiralty)

Defn: A written declaration or statement by the plaintiff of his cause of action, and of the relief he seeks.

LIBEL Li"bel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Liebeled or Libelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Libeling or Libelling.]

1. To defame, or expose to public hatred, contempt, or ridicule, by a writing, picture, sign, etc.; to lampoon. Some wicked wits have libeled all the fair. Pope.

2. (Law)

Defn: To proceed against by filing a libel, particularly against a ship or goods.

LIBEL Li"bel, v. i.

Defn: To spread defamation, written or printed; -- with against. [Obs.] What's this but libeling against the senate Shak. [He] libels now 'gainst each great man. Donne.

LIBELANT Li"bel*ant, n.

Defn: One who libels; one who institutes a suit in an ecclesiastical or admiralty court. [Written also libellant.] Cranch.

LIBELER Li"bel*er, n.

Defn: One who libels. [Written also libeller.] " Libelers of others." Buckkminster.

LIBELIST Li"bel*ist, n.

Defn: A libeler.

LI BELLA Li *bel"la, n. Etym: [L., dim. of libra balance. See Level, n.]

1. A small balance.

2. A level, or leveling instrument.

LIBELLEE Li`bel*lee", n. (Law) (a) The party against whom a libel has been filed; -- corresponding to defendant in a common law action. (b) The defendant in an action of libel.

LIBELLULID Li*bel"lu*lid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A dragon fly.

LIBELLULOID Li*bel"lu*loid, a. Etym: [NL. Libellula, the name of the typical genus + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the dragon fi

LIBELOUS Li"bel*ous, a.

Defn: Containing or involving a libel; defamatory; containing that which exposes some person to public hatred, contempt, or ridicule; as, a libelous pamphlet. [Written also libellous.] -- Li"bel*ous*ly, adv.

LIBER Li"ber, n. Etym: [L. See Libel.] (Bot.)

Defn: The inner bark of plants, lying next to the wood. It usually contains a large proportion of woody, fibrous cells, and is, therefore, the part from which the fiber of the plant is obtained, as that of hemp, etc. Liber cells, elongated woody cells found in the liber.

LIBERAL Lib"er*al, a. Etym: [F. libéral, L. liberalis, from liber free; perh. akin to libet, lubet,it pleases, E. lief. Cf. Deliver.]

1. Free by birth; hence, befitting a freeman or gentleman; refined; noble; independent; free; not servile or mean; as, a liberal ancestry; a liberal spirit; liberal arts or studies. " Liberal education." Macaulay. " A liberal tongue." Shak.

2. Bestowing in a large and noble way, as a freeman; generous; bounteous; open-handed; as, a liberal giver. " Liberal of praise." Bacon. Infinitely good, and of his good As liberal and free as infinite. Milton.

3. Bestowed in a large way; hence, more than sufficient; abundant; bountiful; ample; profuse; as, a liberal gift; a liberal discharge of matter or of water. His wealth doth warrant a liberal dower. Shak.

4. Not strict or rigorous; not confined or restricted to the literal sense; free; as, a liberal translation of a classic, or a liberal construction of law or of language.

5. Not narrow or contracted in mind; not selfish; enlarged in spirit; catholic.

6. Free to excess; regardless of law or moral restraint; licentious. " Most like a liberal villain." Shak.

7. Not bound by orthodox tenets or established forms in political or religious philosophy; independent in opinion; not conservative; friendly to great freedom in the constitution or administration of government; having tendency toward democratic or republican, as distinguished from monarchical or aristocratic, forms; as, liberal thinkers; liberal Christians; the Liberal party. I confess I see nothing liberal in this " order of thoughts," as Hobbes elsewhere expresses it. Hazlitt.

Note: Liberal has of, sometimes with, before the thing bestowed, in before a word signifying action, and to before a person or object on which anything is bestowed; as, to be liberal of praise or censure; liberal with money; liberal in giving; liberal to the poor. The liberal arts. See under Art. -- Liberal education, education that enlarges and disciplines the mind and makes it master of its own powers, irrespective of the particular business or profession one may follow.

Syn. -- Generous; bountiful; munificent; beneficent; ample; large; profuse; free. -- Liberal, Generous. Liberal is freeborn, and generous is highborn. The former is opposed to the ordinary feelings of a servile state, and implies largeness of spirit in giving, judging, acting, etc. The latter expresses that nobleness of soul which is peculiarly appropriate to those of high rank, -- a spirit that goes out of self, and finds its enjoyment in consulting the feelings and happiness of others. Generosity is measured by the extent of the sacrifices it makes; liberality, by the warmth of feeling which it manifests.

LIBERAL Lib"er*al, n.

Defn: One who favors greater freedom in political or religious matters; an opponent of the established systems; a reformer; in English politics, a member of the Liberal party, so called. Cf. Whig.

LIBERALISM Lib"er*al*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. libéralisme.]

Defn: Liberal principles; the principles and methods of the liberals in politics or religion; specifically, the principles of the Liberal party.

LIBERALIST Lib"er*al*ist, n.

Defn: A liberal.

LIBERALISTIC Lib`er*al*is"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, liberalism; as, liberalistic opinions.

LIBERALITY Lib`er*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Liberalities. Etym: [L. liberalitas: cf. F. libéralité.]

1. The quality or state of being liberal; liberal disposition or practice; freedom from narrowness or prejudice; generosity; candor; charity. That liberality is but cast away Which makes us borrow what we can not pay. Denham.

2. A gift; a gratuity; -- sometimes in the plural; as, a prudent man is not impoverished by his liberalities.

LIBERALIZATION Lib`er*al*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of liberalizing.

LIBERALIZE Lib"er*al*ize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Liberalized; p. pr. & vb. n. Liberalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. libéraliser.]

Defn: To make liberal; to free from narrow views or prejudices. To open and to liberalize the mind. Burke.

LIBERALIZER Lib"er*al*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, liberalizes. Emerson.

LIBERALLY Lib"er*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a liberal manner.

LIBERATE Lib"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Liberated; p. pr. & vb. n. Liberating.] Etym: [L. liberatus, p. p. of liberare to free, fr. liber free. See Liberal, a., and cf. Deliver.]

Defn: To release from restraint or bondage; to set at liberty; to free; to manumit; to disengage; as, to liberate a slave or prisoner; to liberate the mind from prejudice; to liberate gases.

Syn. -- To deliver; free; release. See Deliver.

LIBERATION Lib`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. liberatio: cf. F. libération. Cf. Livraison.]

Defn: The act of liberating or the state of being liberated. This mode of analysis requires perfect liberation from all prejudged system. Pownall.

LIBERATOR Lib"er*a`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who, or that which, liberates; a deliverer.

LIBERATORY Lib"er*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Tending, or serving, to liberate. [R.]

LIBERTARIAN Lib`er*ta"ri*an, a. Etym: [See Liberty.]

Defn: Pertaining to liberty, or to the doctrine of free will, as opposed to the doctrine of necessity.

LIBERTARIAN Lib`er*ta"ri*an, n.

Defn: One who holds to the doctrine of free will.

LIBERTARIANISM Lib`er*ta"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: Libertarian principles or doctrines.

LIBERTICIDE Lib"er*ti*cide, n. Etym: [L. libertas liberty + caedere to kill: cf. (for sense 2) F. liberticide.]

1. The destruction of civil liberty.

2. A destroyer of civil liberty. B. F. Wade.

LIBERTINAGE Lib"er*tin*age n. Etym: [Cf. F. libertinage. See Libertine.]

Defn: Libertinism; license. [R.]

LIBERTINE Lib"er*tine, n. Etym: [L. libertinus freedman, from libertus one made free, fr. liber free: cf. F. libertin. See Liberal.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A manumitted slave; a freedman; also, the son of a freedman.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect of Anabaptists, in the fifteenth and early part of the sixteenth century, who rejected many of the customs and decencies of life, and advocated a community of goods and of women.

3. One free from restraint; one who acts according to his impulses and desires; now, specifically, one who gives rein to lust; a rake; a debauchee. Like a puffed and reckless libertine, Himself the primrose path of dalliance treads. Shak.

4. A defamatory name for a freethinker. [Obsoles.]

LIBERTINE Lib"er*tine, a. Etym: [L. libertinus of a freedman: cf. F. libertin. See Libertine, n. ]

1. Free from restraint; uncontrolled. [Obs.] You are too much libertine. Beau. & Fl.

2. Dissolute; licentious; profligate; loose in morals; as, libertine principles or manners. Bacon.

LIBERTINISM Lib"er*tin*ism, n.

1. The state of a libertine or freedman. [R.] Hammond.

2. Licentious conduct; debauchery; lewdness.

3. Licentiousness of principle or opinion. That spirit of religion and seriousness vanished all at once, and a spirit of liberty and libertinism, of infidelity and profaneness, started up in the room of it. Atterbury.

LIBERTY Lib"er*ty, n.; pl. Liberties (. Etym: [OE. liberte, F. liberté, fr. L. libertas, fr. liber free. See Liberal.]

1. The state of a free person; exemption from subjection to the will of another claiming ownership of the person or services; freedom; -- opposed to slavery, serfdom, bondage, or subjection. But ye . . . caused every man his servant, and every man his handmaid whom he had set at liberty at their pleasure, to return, and brought them into subjection. Jer. xxxiv. 16. Delivered fro the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the sons of God. Bible, 1551. Rom. viii. 21.

2. Freedom from imprisonment, bonds, or other restraint upon locomotion. Being pent from liberty, as I am now. Shak.

3. A privilege conferred by a superior power; permission granted; leave; as, liberty given to a child to play, or to a witness to leave a court, and the like.

4. Privilege; exemption; franchise; immunity enjoyed by prescription or by grant; as, the liberties of the commercial cities of Europe. His majesty gave not an entire county to any; much less did he grant . . . any extraordinary liberties. Sir J. Davies.

5. The place within which certain immunities are enjoyed, or jurisdiction is exercised. [Eng.] Brought forth into some public or open place within the liberty of the city, and there . . . burned. Fuller.

6. A certain amount of freedom; permission to go freely within certain limits; also, the place or limits within which such freedom is exercised; as, the liberties of a prison.

7. A privilege or license in violation of the laws of etiquette or propriety; as, to permit, or take, a liberty. He was repeatedly provoked into striking those who had taken liberties with him. Macaulay.

8. The power of choice; freedom from necessity; freedom from compulsion or constraint in willing. The idea of liberty is the idea of a power in any agent to do or forbear any particular action, according to the determination or thought of the mind, whereby either of them is preferred to the other. Locke. This liberty of judgment did not of necessity lead to lawlessness. J. A. Symonds.

9. (Manege)

Defn: A curve or arch in a bit to afford room for the tongue of the horse.

10. (Naut.)

Defn: Leave of absence; permission to go on shore. At liberty. (a) Unconfined; free. (b) At leisure. -- Civil liberty, exemption from arbitrary interference with person, opinion, or property, on the part of the government under which one lives, and freedom to take part in modifying that government or its laws. -- Liberty bell. See under Bell. -- Liberty cap. (a) The Roman pileus which was given to a slave at his manumission. (b) A limp, close-fitting cap with which the head of representations of the goddess of liberty is often decked. It is sometimes represented on a spear or a liberty pole. -- Liberty of the press, freedom to print and publish without official supervision. Liberty party, the party, in the American Revolution, which favored independence of England; in more recent usage, a party which favored the emancipation of the slaves. -- Liberty pole, a tall flagstaff planted in the ground, often surmounted by a liberty cap. [U. S.] -- Moral liberty, that liberty of choice which is essential to moral responsibility. -- Religious liberty, freedom of religious opinion and worship.

Syn. -- Leave; permission; license. -- Liberty, Freedom. These words, though often interchanged, are distinct in some of of their applications. Liberty has reference to previous restraint; freedom, to the simple, unrepressed exercise of our powers. A slave is set at liberty; his master had always been in a state of freedom. A prisoner under trial may ask liberty (exemption from restraint) to speak his sentiments with freedom (the spontaneous and bold utterance of his feelings), The liberty of the press is our great security for freedom of thought.

LIBETHENITE Li*beth"en*ite, n. Etym: [From Libethen, in Hungary, where it was first found.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of an olive-green color, commonly in orthorhombic crystals. It is a hydrous phosphate of copper.

LIBIDINIST Li*bid"i*nist, n. Etym: [See Libidinous.]

Defn: One given to lewdness.

LIBIDINOSITY Li*bid`i*nos"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being libidinous; libidinousness. Skelton.

LIBIDINOUS Li*bid"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. libidinosus, fr. libido, libidinis, pleasure, desire, lust, fr. libet, lubet, it pleases: cf. F. libidineux. See Lief.]

Defn: Having lustful desires; characterized by lewdness; sensual; lascivious. -- Li*bid"i*nous*ly, adv. -- Li*bid"i*nous*ness, n.

Syn. -- Lewd; lustful; lascivious; unchaste; impure; sensual; licentious; lecherous; salacious.

LIBKEN; LIBKIN Lib"ken, Lib"kin, n. Etym: [AS. libban, F. live, v. i. + -kin.]

Defn: A house or lodging. [Old Slang] B. Jonson.

LIBRA Li"bra, n.; pl. Libræ. Etym: [L., a balance.] (Astron.) (a) The Balance; the seventh sign in the zodiac, which the sun enters at the autumnal equinox in September, marked thus libra in almanacs, etc. (b ) A southern constellation between Virgo and Scorpio.

LIBRAL Li"bral, a. Etym: [L. libralis, fr. libra the Roman pound.]

Defn: Of a pound weight. [Obs.] Johnson.

LIBRARIAN Li*bra"ri*an, n. Etym: [See Library.]

1. One who has the care or charge of a library.

2. One who copies manuscript books. [Obs.] Broome.

LIBRARIANSHIP Li*bra"ri*an*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a librarian.

LIBRARY Li"bra*ry, n.; pl. Libraries. Etym: [OE. librairie, F. librairie bookseller's shop, book trade, formerly, a library, fr. libraire bookseller, L. librarius, from liber book; cf. libraria bookseller's shop, librarium bookcase, It. libreria. See Libel.]

1. A considerable collection of books kept for use, and not as merchandise; as, a private library; a public library.

2. A building or apartment appropriated for holding such a collection of books. Holland.

LIBRATE Li"brate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Librated p. pr. & & vb. n. Librating.] Etym: [L. libratus, p. p. of librare to balance, to make even, fr. libra.Cf. Level, Deliberate, Equilibrium.]

Defn: To vibrate as a balance does before resting in equilibrium; hence, to be poised. Their parts all liberate on too nice a beam. Clifton.

LIBRATE Li"brate, v. i.

Defn: To poise; to balance.

LIBRATION Li*bra"tion, n. Etym: [L. libratio: cf. F. libration.]

1. The act or state of librating. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A real or apparent libratory motion, like that of a balance before coming to rest. Libration of the moon, any one of those small periodical changes in the position of the moon's surface relatively to the earth, in consequence of which narrow portions at opposite limbs become visible or invisible alternately. It receives different names according to the manner in which it takes place; as: (a) Libration in longitude, that which, depending on the place of the moon in its elliptic orbit, causes small portions near the eastern and western borders alternately to appear and disappear each month. (b) Libration in latitude, that which depends on the varying position of the moon's axis in respect to the spectator, causing the alternate appearance and disappearance of either pole. (c) Diurnal or parallactic libration, that which brings into view on the upper limb, at rising and setting, some parts not in the average visible hemisphere.

LIBRATORY Li"bra*to*ry, a.

Defn: Balancing; moving like a balance, as it tends to an equipoise or level.

LIBRETTIST Li*bret"tist, n.

Defn: One who makes a libretto.

LIBRETTO Li*bret"to, n.; pl. E. Librettos, It. Libretti. Etym: [It., dim. of libro book, L. liber. See Libel.] (Mus.) (a) A book containing the words of an opera or extended piece of music. (b) The words themselves.

LIBRIFORM Li"bri*form, a. Etym: [Liber + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the form of liber, or resembling liber. Libriform cells, peculiar wood cells which are very slender and relatively thick- walled, and occasionally are furnished with bordered pits. Goodale.

LIBYAN Lib"y*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Libya, the ancient name of that part of Africa between Egypt and the Atlantic Ocean, or of Africa as a whole.

LICE Lice, n.;

Defn: pl. of Louse.

LICENSABLE Li"cens*a*ble, a.

Defn: That can be licensed.

LICENSE Li"cense, n. [Written also licence.] Etym: [F. licence, L. licentia, fr. licere to be permitted, prob. orig., to be left free to one; akin to linquere to leave. See Loan, and cf. Illicit, Leisure.]

1. Authority or liberty given to do or forbear any act; especially, a formal permission from the proper authorities to perform certain acts or to carry on a certain business, which without such permission would be illegal; a grant of permission; as, a license to preach, to practice medicine, to sell gunpowder or intoxicating liquors. To have a license and a leave at London to dwell. P. Plowman.

2. The document granting such permission. Addison.

3. Excess of liberty; freedom abused, or used in contempt of law or decorum; disregard of law or propriety. License they mean when they cry liberty. Milton.

4. That deviation from strict fact, form, or rule, in which an artist or writer indulges, assuming that it will be permitted for the sake of the advantage or effect gained; as, poetic license; grammatical license, etc.

Syn. -- Leave; liberty; permission.

LICENSE Li"cense, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Licensed; p. pr. & vb. n. Licensing.]

Defn: To permit or authorize by license; to give license to; as, to license a man to preach. Milton. Shak.

LICENSED Li"censed, a.

Defn: Having a license; permitted or authorized by license; as, a licensed victualer; a licensed traffic. Licensed victualer, one who has a license to keep an in or eating house; esp., a victualer who has a license to sell intoxicating liquors.

LICENSEE Li`cen*see", n. (Law)

Defn: The person to whom a license is given.

LICENSER Li"cens*er, n.

Defn: One who gives a license; as, a licenser of the press.

LICENSURE Li"cen*sure, n.

Defn: A licensing. [R.]

LICENTIATE Li*cen"ti*ate, n. Etym: [LL. licentiatus, fr. licentiare to allow to do anything, fr. L. licentia license. See License, n.]

1. One who has a license to exercise a profession; as, a licentiate in medicine or theology. The college of physicians, in July, 1687, published an edict, requiring all the fellows, candidates, and licentiates, to give gratuitous advice to the neighboring poor. Johnson.

2. A friar authorized to receive confessions and grant absolution in all places, independently of the local clergy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. One who acts without restraint, or takes a liberty, as if having a license therefor. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

4. On the continent of Europe, a university degree intermediate between that of bachelor and that of doctor.

LICENTIATE Li*cen"ti*ate, v. t.

Defn: To give a license to. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

LICENTIOUS Li*cen"tious, a. Etym: [L. licentiosus: cf. F. licencieux. See License.]

1. Characterized by license; passing due bounds; excessive; abusive of freedom; wantonly offensive; as, a licentious press. A wit that no licentious pertness knows. Savage.

2. Unrestrained by law or morality; lawless; immoral; dissolute; lewd; lascivious; as, a licentious man; a licentious life. "Licentious wickedness." Shak.

Syn. -- Unrestrained; uncurbed; uncontrolled; unruly; riotous; ungovernable; wanton; profligate; dissolute; lax; loose; sensual; impure; unchaste; lascivious; immoral. -- Li*cen"tious*ly, adv. -- Li*cen"tious*ness, n.

LICH Lich, a.

Defn: Like. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

LICH Lich, n. Etym: [AS.lic body. See Like, a.]

Defn: A dead body; a corpse. [Obs.] Lich fowl (Zoöl.), the European goatsucker; -- called also lich owl. -- Lich gate, a covered gate through which the corpse was carried to the church or burial place, and where the bier was placed to await clergyman; a corpse gate. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. -- Lich wake, the wake, or watching, held over a corpse before burial. [Prov Eng.] Chaucer. -- Lich wall, the wall of a churchyard or burying ground. -- Lich way, the path by which the dead are carried to the grave. [Prov. Eng.]

LICHEN Li"chen, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: One of a class of cellular, flowerless plants, (technically called Lichenes), having no distinction of leaf and stem, usually of scaly, expanded, frond-like forms, but sometimes erect or pendulous and variously branched. They derive their nourishment from the air, and generate by means of spores. The species are very widely distributed, and form irregular spots or patches, usually of a greenish or yellowish color, upon rocks, trees, and various bodies, to which they adhere with great tenacity. They are often improperly called rock moss or tree moss.

Note: A favorite modern theory of lichens (called after its inventor the Schwendener hypothesis), is that they are not autonomous plants, but that they consist of ascigerous fungi, parasitic on algæ. Each lichen is composed of white filaments and green, or greenish, rounded cells, and it is argued that the two are of different nature, the one living at the expense of the other. See Hyphæ, and Gonidia.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A name given to several varieties of skin disease, esp. to one characterized by the eruption of small, conical or flat, reddish pimples, which, if unchecked, tend to spread and produce great and even fatal exhaustion.

LICHENED Li"chened, a.

Defn: Belonging to, or covered with, lichens. Tennyson.

LICHENIC Li*chen"ic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, lichens. Lichenic acid. (a) An organic acid, C14H24O3 obtained from Iceland moss. (b) An old name of fumaric acid.

LICHENIFORM Li*chen"i*form, a.

Defn: Having the form of a lichen.

LICHENIN Li"chen*in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance isomeric with starch, extracted from several species of moss and lichen, esp. from Iceland moss.

LICHENOGRAPHIC; LICHENOGRAPHICAL Li"chen*o*graph"ic, Li`chen*o*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. lichénographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to lichenography.

LICHENOGRAPHIST Li`chen*og"ra*phist, n.

Defn: One who describes lichens; one versed in lichenography.

LICHENOGRAPHY Li`chen*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Lichen + -graphy: cf. F. lichénographie.]

Defn: A description of lichens; the science which illustrates the natural history of lichens.

LICHENOLOGIST Li`chen*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in lichenology.

LICHENOLOGY Li`chen*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Lichen + -logy.]

Defn: The science which treats of lichens.

LICHENOUS Li"chen*ous, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, lichens; abounding in lichens; covered with lichens. G. Eliot.

LICHI Li"chi`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Litchi.

LICHWALE Lich"wale`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The gromwell.

LICHWORT Lich"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An herb, the wall pellitory. See Pellitory.

LICIT Lic"it, a. Etym: [L.licitus permitted, lawful, from licere: cf. F. licite. See License.]

Defn: Lawful. "Licit establishments." Carlyle. -- Lic"it*ly, adv. -- Lic"it*ness, n.

LICITATION Lic`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. licitatio, fr. licitari, liceri, to bid, offer a price.]

Defn: The act of offering for sale to the highest bidder. [R.]

LICK Lick, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Licked; p. pr. & vb. n. Licking.] Etym: [AS. liccian; akin to OS. likk, D. likken, OHG. lecch, G. lecken, Goth. bi-laig, Russ. lizate, L. lingere, Gr. lih, rih. . Cf. Lecher, Relish.]

1. To draw or pass the tongue over; as, a dog licks his master's hand. Addison.

2. To lap; to take in with the tongue; as, a dog or cat licks milk. Shak. To lick the dust, to be slain; to fall in battle. "His enemies shall lick the dust." Ps. lxxii. 9. -- To lick into shape, to give proper form to; -- from a notion that the bear's cubs are born shapeless and subsequently formed by licking. Hudibras. -- To lick the spittle of, to fawn upon. South. -- To lick up, to take all of by licking; to devour; to consume entirely. Shak. Num. xxii. 4.

LICK Lick, n. Etym: [See Lick, v.]

1. A stroke of the tongue in licking. "A lick at the honey pot." Dryden.

2. A quick and careless application of anything, as if by a stroke of the tongue, or of something which acts like a tongue; as, to put on colors with a lick of the brush. Also, a small quantity of any substance so applied. [Colloq.] A lick of court white wash. Gray.

3. A place where salt is found on the surface of the earth, to which wild animals resort to lick it up; -- often, but not always, near salt springs. [U. S.]

LICK Lick, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OSw. lägga to place, strike, prick.]

Defn: To strike with repeated blows for punishment; to flog; to whip or conquer, as in a pugilistic encounter. [Colloq. or Low] Carlyle. Thackeray.

LICK Lick, n.

Defn: A slap; a quick stroke.[Colloq.] "A lick across the face." Dryden.

LICKER Lick"er, n. Etym: [Cf. Lecher.]

Defn: One who, or that which, licks. Licker in (Carding Machine), the drum, or cylinder, by which the lap is taken from the feed rollers.

LICKERISH Lick"er*ish, a. Etym: [Cf. Lecherous.]

1. Eager; craving; urged by desire; eager to taste or enjoy; greedy. "The lickerish palate of the glutton." Bp. Hall.

2. Tempting the appetite; dainty. "Lickerish baits, fit to insnare a brute." Milton.

3. lecherous; lustful. Robert of Brunne. -- Lick"er*ish*ly, adv. -- Lick"er*ish*ness, n.

LICKEROUS Lick"er*ous, a.

Defn: Lickerish; eager; lustful. [Obs.] -- Lick"er*ous*ness, n. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LICKING Lick"ing, n.

1. A lapping with the tongue.

2. A flogging or castigation. [Colloq. or Low]

LICKPENNY Lick"pen`ny, n.

Defn: A devourer or absorber of money. "Law is a lickpenny." Sir W. Scott.

LICK-SPIGOT Lick"-spig`ot, n.

Defn: A tapster. [Obs.]

LICK-SPITTLE Lick"-spit`tle, n.

Defn: An abject flatterer or parasite. Theodore Hook.

LICORICE Lic"o*rice, n. Etym: [OE. licoris, though old French, fr. L. liquiritia, corrupted fr. glycyrrhiza, Gr. Glycerin, Glycyrrhiza, Wort.] [Written also liquorice.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Glycyrrhiza (G. glabra), the root of which abounds with a juice, and is much used in demulcent compositions.

2. The inspissated juice of licorice root, used as a confection and medicinal purposes. Licorice fern (Bot.), a name of several kinds of polypody which have rootstocks of a sweetish flavor. -- Licorice sugar. (Chem.) See Glycyrrhizin. -- Licorice weed (Bot.), the tropical plant Scapania aulcis. -- Mountain licorice (Bot.), a kind of clover (Trifolium alpinum), found in the Alps. It has large purplish flowers and a sweetish perennial rootstock. -- Wild licorice. (Bot.) (a) The North American perennial herb Glycyrrhiza lepidota. (b) Certain broad-leaved cleavers (Galium circæzans and G. lanceolatum). (c) The leguminous climber Abrus precatorius, whose scarlet and black seeds are called black-eyed Susans. Its roots are used as a substitute for those of true licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra).

LICOROUS Lic"o*rous, a.

Defn: See Lickerish. -- Lic"o*rous*ness, n. [Obs.] Herbert.

LICOUR Lic"our, n.

Defn: Liquor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LICTOR Lic"tor, n. Etym: [L.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: An officer who bore an ax and fasces or rods, as ensigns of his office. His duty was to attend the chief magistrates when they appeared in public, to clear the way, and cause due respect to be paid to them, also to apprehend and punish criminals. Lictors and rods, the ensigns of their power. Milton.

LID Lid, n. Etym: [AS. hlid, fr. hlidan (in comp.) to cover, shut; akin to OS. hlidan (in comp.), D. lid, OHG. hlit, G. augenlid eyelid, Icel. hli gate, gateway.

1. That which covers the opening of a vessel or box, etc. ; a movable cover; as, the lid of a chest or trunk.

2. The cover of the eye; an eyelid. Shak. Tears, big tears, gushed from the rough soldier's lid. Byron.

3. (Bot.) (a) The cover of the spore cases of mosses. (b) A calyx which separates from the flower, and falls off in a single piece, as in the Australian Eucalypti. (c) The top of an ovary which opens transversely, as in the fruit of the purslane and the tree which yields Brazil nuts.

LIDDED Lid"ded, a.

Defn: Covered with a lid. Keats.

LIDGE Lidge, n.

Defn: Same Ledge.[Obs.] Spenser.

LIDLESS Lid"less, a.

Defn: Having no lid, or not covered with the lids, as the eyes; hence, sleepless; watchful. A lidless watcher of the public weal. Tennyson.

LIE Lie, n.

Defn: See Lye.

LIE Lie, n. Etym: [AS. lyge; akin to D. leugen, OHG. lugi, G. lüge, lug, Icel. lygi, Dan. & Sw. lögn, Goth. liugn. See Lie to utter a falsehood.]

1. A falsehood uttered or acted for the purpose of deception; an intentional violation of truth; an untruth spoken with the intention to deceive. It is willful deceit that makes a lie. A man may act a lie, as by pointing his finger in a wrong direction when a traveler inquires of him his road. Paley.

2. A fiction; a fable; an untruth. Dryden.

3. Anything which misleads or disappoints. Wishing this lie of life was o'er. Trench. To give the lie to. (a) To charge with falsehood; as, the man gave him the lie. (b) To reveal to be false; as, a man's actions may give the lie to his words. -- White lie, a euphemism for such lies as one finds it convenient to tell, and excuses himself for telling.

Syn. -- Untruth; falsehood; fiction; deception. -- lie, Untruth. A man may state what is untrue from ignorance or misconception; hence, to impute an untruth to one is not necessarily the same as charging him with a lie. Every lie is an untruth, but not every untruth is a lie. Cf. Falsity.

LIE Lie, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lied; p. pr. & vb. n. Lying.] Etym: [OE. lien, li, le, leo, AS. leógan; akin to D. liegen, OS. & OHG. liogan, G. lügen, Icel. lj, Sw. ljuga, Dan.lyve, Goth. liugan, Russ. lgate.]

Defn: To utter falsehood with an intention to deceive; to say or do that which is intended to deceive another, when he a right to know the truth, or when morality requires a just representation.

LIE Lie, v. i. [imp. Lay; p. p. Lain, (Lien (, [Obs.]); p. pr. & vb. n. Lying.] Etym: [OE. lien, liggen, AS. licgan; akin to D. liggen, OHG. ligen, licken, G. liegen, Icel. liggja, Sw. ligga, Dan. ligge, Goth. ligan, Russ. lejate, L. lectus bed, Gr. Lair, Law, Lay, v. t., Litter, Low, adj.]

1. To rest extended on the ground, a bed, or any support; to be, or to put one's self, in an horizontal position, or nearly so; to be prostate; to be stretched out; -- often with down, when predicated of living creatures; as, the book lies on the table; the snow lies on the roof; he lies in his coffin. The watchful traveler . . . Lay down again, and closed his weary eyes. Dryden.

2. To be situated; to occupy a certain place; as, Ireland lies west of England; the meadows lie along the river; the ship lay in port.

3. To abide; to remain for a longer or shorter time; to be in a certain state or condition; as, to lie waste; to lie fallow; to lie open; to lie hid; to lie grieving; to lie under one's displeasure; to lie at the mercy of the waves; the paper does not lie smooth on the wall.

4. To be or exist; to belong or pertain; to have an abiding place; to consist; -- with in. Envy lies between beings equal in nature, though unequal in circumstances. Collier. He that thinks that diversion may not lie in hard labor, forgets the early rising and hard riding of huntsmen. Locke.

5. To lodge; to sleep. Whiles I was now trifling at home, I saw London, . . . where I lay one night only. Evelyn. Mr. Quinion lay at our house that night. Dickens.

6. To be still or quiet, like one lying down to rest. The wind is loud and will not lie. Shak.

7. (Law)

Defn: To be sustainable; to be capable of being maintained. "An appeal lies in this case." Parsons.

Note: Through ignorance or carelessness speakers and writers often confuse the forms of the two distinct verbs lay and lie. Lay is a transitive verb, and has for its preterit laid; as, he told me to lay it down, and I laid it down. Lie is intransitive, and has for its preterit lay; as, he told me to lie down, and I lay down. Some persons blunder by using laid for the preterit of lie; as, he told me to lie down, and I laid down. So persons often say incorrectly, the ship laid at anchor; they laid by during the storm; the book was laying on the shelf, etc. It is only necessary to remember, in all such cases, that laid is the preterit of lay, and not of lie. To lie along the shore (Naut.), to coast, keeping land in sight. -- To lie at the door of, to be imputable to; as, the sin, blame, etc., lies at your door. -- To lie at the heart, to be an object of affection, desire, or anxiety. Sir W. Temple. -- To lie at the mercy of, to be in the power of. -- To lie by. (a) To remain with; to be at hand; as, he has the manuscript lying by him. (b) To rest; to intermit labor; as, we lay by during the heat of the day. -- To lie hard or heavy, to press or weigh; to bear hard. -- To lie in, to be in childbed; to bring forth young. -- To lie in one, to be in the power of; to belong to. "As much as lieth in you, live peaceably with all men." Rom. xii. 18. -- To lie in the way, to be an obstacle or impediment. -- To lie in wait , to wait in concealment; to lie in ambush. -- To lie on or upon. (a) To depend on; as, his life lies on the result. (b) To bear, rest, press, or weigh on. -- To lie low, to remain in concealment or inactive. [Slang] -- To lie on hand, To lie on one's hands, to remain unsold or unused; as, the goods are still lying on his hands; they have too much time lying on their hands. -- To lie on the head of, to be imputed to. What he gets more of her than sharp words, let it lie on my head. Shak. -- To lie over. (a) To remain unpaid after the time when payment is due, as a note in bank. (b) To be deferred to some future occasion, as a resolution in a public deliberative body. -- To lie to (Naut.), to stop or delay; especially, to head as near the wind as possible as being the position of greatest safety in a gale; -- said of a ship. Cf. To bring to, under Bring. -- To lie under, to be subject to; to suffer; to be oppressed by. -- To lie with. (a) To lodge or sleep with. (b) To have sexual intercourse with. (c) To belong to; as, it lies with you to make amends.

LIE Lie, n.

Defn: The position or way in which anything lies; the lay, as of land or country. J. H. Newman. He surveyed with his own eyes . . . the lie of the country on the side towards Thrace. Jowett (Thucyd.).

LIEBERKUHN; LIEBERKUEHN Lie"ber*kühn, n. Etym: [Named after a German physician and instrument maker, J. n. Lieberkühn.] (Optics)

Defn: A concave metallic mirror attached to the object-glass end of a microscope, to throw down light on opaque objects; a reflector.

LIEBERKUHN'S GLANDS; LIEBERKUEHN'S GLANDS Lie"ber*kühn's glands`. Etym: [See Lieberkühn.] (Anat.)

Defn: The simple tubular glands of the small intestines; -- called also crypts of Lieberkühn.

LIED Lied, n. ; pl. Lieder. Etym: [G.] (Mus.)

Defn: A lay; a German song. It differs from the French chanson, and the Italian canzone, all three being national. The German Lied is perhaps the most faithful reflection of the national sentiment. Grove.

LIEDERKRANZ Lie"der*kranz, n. [G. See Lied, and Grants.] (Mus.)

Defn: Lit., wreath of songs; -- used as the title of a group of songs, and esp. as the common name for German vocal clubs of men.

LIEDERTAFEL Lie"der*ta`fel, n. Etym: [G., lit., a song table.] (Mus.)

Defn: A popular name for any society or club which meets for the practice of male part songs.

LIEF Lief, n.

Defn: Same as Lif.

LIEF Lief, a. [Written also lieve.] Etym: [OE. leef, lef, leof, AS. leóf; akin to OS.liof, OFries. liaf, D. lief, G. lieb, OHG. liob, Icel. lj, Sw.ljuf, Goth. liubs, and E. love. sq. root124. See Love, and cf. Believe, Leave, n., Furlough, Libidinous.]

1. Dear; beloved. [Obs., except in poetry.] "My liefe mother." Chaucer. "My liefest liege." Shak. As thou art lief and dear. Tennyson.

2.

Note: (Used with a form of the verb to be, and the dative of the personal pronoun.)

Defn: Pleasing; agreeable; acceptable; preferable. [Obs.] See Lief, adv., and Had as lief, under Had. Full lief me were this counsel for to hide. Chaucer. Death me liefer were than such despite. Spenser.

3. Willing; disposed. [Obs.] I am not lief to gab. Chaucer. He up arose, however lief or loth. Spenser.

LIEF Lief, n.

Defn: A dear one; a sweetheart. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LIEF Lief, adv.

Defn: Gladly; willingly; freely; -- now used only in the phrases, had as lief, and would as lief; as, I had, or would, as lief go as not. All women liefest would Be sovereign of man's love. Gower. I had as lief the town crier spoke my lines. Shak. Far liefer by his dear hand had I die. Tennyson.

Note: The comparative liefer with had or would, and followed by the infinitive, either with or without the sign to, signifies prefer, choose as preferable, would or had rather. In the 16th century rather was substituted for liefer in such constructions in literary English, and has continued to be generally so used. See Had as lief, Had rather, etc. , under Had.

LIEFSOME Lief"some, a.

Defn: Pleasing; delightful. [Obs.]

LIEGANCE Lieg"ance, n.

Defn: Same as Ligeance.

LIEGE Liege, a. Etym: [OE. lige, lege, F. lige, LL. ligius, legius, liege, unlimited, complete, prob. of German origin; cf. G. ledig free from bonds and obstacles, MHG. ledec, ledic, lidic, freed, loosed, and Charta Ottonis de Benthem, ann. ligius homo quod Teutonicè dicitur ledigman," i. e., uni soli homagio obligatus, free from all obligations to others; influenced by L.ligare to bind. G. ledig perh. orig. meant, free to go where one pleases, and is perh. akin to E.lead to conduct. Cf. Lead to guide.]

1. Sovereign; independent; having authority or right to allegiance; as, a liege lord. Chaucer. She looked as grand as doomsday and as grave; And he, he reverenced his liege lady there. Tennyson.

2. serving an independent sovereign or master; bound by a feudal tenure; obliged to be faithful and loyal to a superior, as a vassal to his lord; faithful; loyal; as, a liege man; a liege subject.

3. (Old Law)

Defn: Full; perfect; complete; pure. Burrill. Liege homage (Feudal Custom), that homage of one sovereign or prince to another which acknowledged an obligation of fealty and services. -- Liege poustie Etym: [L. legitima potestas] (Scots Law), perfect, i. e., legal, power; specif., having health requisite to do legal acts. -- Liege widowhood, perfect, i. e., pure, widowhood. [Obs.]

LIEGE Liege, n.

1. A free and independent person; specif., a lord paramount; a sovereign. Mrs. Browning. The anointed sovereign of sighs and groans, Liege of all loiterers and malcontents. Shak.

2. The subject of a sovereign or lord; a liegeman. A liege lord seems to have been a lord of a free band; and his lieges, though serving under him, were privileged men, free from all other obligations, their name being due to their freedom, not to their service. Skeat.

LIEGEMAN Liege"man, n.; pl. Liegemen (.

Defn: Same as Liege, n., 2. Chaucer. Spenser.

LIEGER Lie"ger, n. Etym: [See Leger, Ledger.]

Defn: A resident ambassador. [Obs.] See Leger. Denham.

LIEGIANCY Lie"gian*cy, n.

Defn: See Ligeance.

LIEN Li"en, obs. p. p.

Defn: of Lie. See lain. Ps. lxviii. 13.

LIEN Lien, n. Etym: [F. lien band, bond, tie, fr. L. ligamen, fr. ligare to bind. Cf. League a union, Leam a string, Leamer, Ligament.] (Law)

Defn: A legal claim; a charge upon real or personal property for the satisfaction of some debt or duty; a right in one to control or hold and retain the property of another until some claim of the former is paid or satisfied.

LIENAL Li*e"nal, a. Etym: [L. lien the spleen.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the spleen; splenic.

LIENCULUS Li*en"cu*lus, n.; pl. Lienculi. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. lien the spleen.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the small nodules sometimes found in the neighborhood of the spleen; an accessory or supplementary spleen.

LIENO-INTESTINAL Li*e`no-in*tes"ti*nal, a. Etym: [l. lien the spleen + E. intestinal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the spleen and intestine; as, the lieno- intestinal vein of the frog.

LIENTERIC Li`en*ter"ic, a. Etym: [L. lientericus, Gr. lientérique. See Lientery.] (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or of the nature of, a lientery. -- n. (Med.)

Defn: A lientery. Grew.

LIENTERY Li"en*ter*y, n. Etym: [Gr. lientérie.] (Med.)

Defn: A diarrhea, in which the food is discharged imperfectly digested, or with but little change. Dunglison.

LIER Li"er, n. Etym: [From Lie. ]

Defn: One who lies down; one who rests or remains, as in concealment. There were liers in a ambush against him. Josh. viii. 14.

LIERNE RIB Lierne" rib`. Etym: [F. lierne.] (Arch.)

Defn: In Gothic vaulting, any rib which does not spring from the impost and is not a ridge rib, but passes from one boss or intersection of the principal ribs to another.

LIEU Lieu, n. Etym: [F., OF. also liu, leu, lou, fr. L. locus place. See Local, Locus.]

Defn: Place; room; stead; -- used only in the phrase in lieu of, that is, instead of. The plan of extortion had been adopted in lieu of the scheme of confiscation. Burke.

LIEUTENANCY Lieu*ten"an*cy, n.

1. The office, rank, or commission, of a lieutenant.

2. The body of lieutenants or subordinates. [Obs.] The list of the lieutenancy of our metropolis. Felton.

LIEUTENANT Lieu*ten"ant, n. Etym: [F., fr. lieu place + tenant holding, p. pr. of tenir to hold, L. tenere. See Lieu, and Tenant, and cf. Locum tenens.]

1. An officer who supplies the place of a superior in his absence; a representative of, or substitute for, another in the performance of any duty. The lawful magistrate, who is the vicegerent or lieutenant of God. Abp. Bramhall.

2. (a) A commissioned officer in the army, next below a captain. (b) A commissioned officer in the British navy, in rank next below a commander. (c) A commissioned officer in the United States navy, in rank next below a lieutenant commander.

Note: Lieutenant is often used, either adjectively or in hyphened compounds, to denote an officer, in rank next below another, especially when the duties of the higher officer may devolve upon the lower one; as, lieutenant general, or lieutenant-general; lieutenant colonel, or lieutenant-colonel; lieutenant governor, etc. Deputy lieutenant, the title of any one of the deputies or assistants of the lord lieutenant of a county. [Eng.] -- Lieutenant colonel, an army officer next in rank above major, and below colonel. -- Lieutenant commander, an officer in the United States navy, in rank next below a commander and next above a lieutenant. -- Lieutenant general. See in Vocabulary. -- Lieutenant governor. (a) An officer of a State, being next in rank to the governor, and in case of the death or resignation of the latter, himself acting as governor. [U. S.] (b) A deputy governor acting as the chief civil officer of one of several colonies under a governor general. [Eng.]

LIEUTENANT GENERAL Lieu*ten"ant gen"er*al

Defn: . An army officer in rank next below a general and next above a major general.

Note: In the United States, before the civil war, this rank had been conferred only on George Washington and (in brevet) on Winfield Scott. In 1864 it was revived by Congress and conferred on Ulysses S. Grant, and subsequently, by promotion, on William T. Sherman and Philip H. Sheridan, each of whom was advanced to the rank of general of the army. When Sheridan was made general (in 1888) the rank of lieutenant general was suffered to lapse. See General.

LIEUTENANTRY Lieu*ten"ant*ry, n.

Defn: See Lieutenancy. [Obs.]

LIEUTENANTSHIP Lieu*ten"ant*ship, n.

Defn: Same as Lieutenancy, 1.

LIEVE Lieve, a.

Defn: Same as Lief.

LIF Lif, n. Etym: [Written also lief.]

Defn: The fiber by which the petioles of the date palm are bound together, from which various kinds of cordage are made.

LIFE Life, n.; pl. Lives. Etym: [AS. l; akin to D. lijf body, G. leib body, MHG. l life, body, OHG. l life, Icel. l, life, body, Sw. lif, Dan. liv, and E. live, v. Live, and cf. Alive.]

1. The state of being which begins with generation, birth, or germination, and ends with death; also, the time during which this state continues; that state of an animal or plant in which all or any of its organs are capable of performing all or any of their functions; -- used of all animal and vegetable organisms.

2. Of human being: The union of the soul and body; also, the duration of their union; sometimes, the deathless quality or existence of the soul; as, man is a creature having an immortal life. She shows a body rather than a life. Shak.

3. (Philos)

Defn: The potential principle, or force, by which the organs of animals and plants are started and continued in the performance of their several and coöperative functions; the vital force, whether regarded as physical or spiritual.

4. Figuratively: The potential or animating principle, also, the period of duration, of anything that is conceived of as resembling a natural organism in structure or functions; as, the life of a state, a machine, or a book; authority is the life of government.

5. A certain way or manner of living with respect to conditions, circumstances, character, conduct, occupation, etc.; hence, human affairs; also, lives, considered collectively, as a distinct class or type; as, low life; a good or evil life; the life of Indians, or of miners. That which before us lies in daily life. Milton. By experience of life abroad in the world. Ascham. Lives of great men all remind us We can make our lives sublime. Longfellow. 'T is from high life high characters are drawn. Pope

6. Animation; spirit; vivacity; vigor; energy. No notion of life and fire in fancy and in words. Felton. That gives thy gestures grace and life. Wordsworth.

7. That which imparts or excites spirit or vigor; that upon which enjoyment or success depends; as, he was the life of the company, or of the enterprise.

8. The living or actual form, person, thing, or state; as, a picture or a description from, the life.

9. A person; a living being, usually a human being; as, many lives were sacrificed.

10. The system of animal nature; animals in general, or considered collectively. Full nature swarms with life. Thomson.

11. An essential constituent of life, esp: the blood. The words that I speak unto you . . . they are life. John vi. 63. The warm life came issuing through the wound. Pope

12. A history of the acts and events of a life; a biography; as, Johnson wrote the life of Milton.

13. Enjoyment in the right use of the powers; especially, a spiritual existence; happiness in the favor of God; heavenly felicity.

14. Something dear to one as one's existence; a darling; -- used as a term of endearment.

Note: Life forms the first part of many compounds, for the most part of obvious meaning; as, life-giving, life-sustaining, etc. Life annuity, an annuity payable during one's life. -- Life arrow, Life rocket, Life shot, an arrow, rocket, or shot, for carrying an attached line to a vessel in distress in order to save life. -- Life assurance. See Life insurance, below. -- Life buoy. See Buoy. -- Life car, a water-tight boat or box, traveling on a line from a wrecked vessel to the shore. In it person are hauled through the waves and surf. -- Life drop, a drop of vital blood. Byron. -- Life estate (Law), an estate which is held during the term of some certain person's life, but does not pass by inheritance. -- Life everlasting (Bot.), a plant with white or yellow persistent scales about the heads of the flowers, as Antennaria, and Gnaphalium; cudweed. -- Life of an execution (Law), the period when an execution is in force, or before it expires. -- Life guard. (Mil.) See under Guard. -- Life insurance, the act or system of insuring against death; a contract by which the insurer undertakes, in consideration of the payment of a premium (usually at stated periods), to pay a stipulated sum in the event of the death of the insured or of a third person in whose life the insured has an interest. -- Life interest, an estate or interest which lasts during one's life, or the life of another person, but does not pass by inheritance. -- Life land (Law), land held by lease for the term of a life or lives. -- Life line. (a) (Naut.) A line along any part of a vessel for the security of sailors. (b) A line attached to a life boat, or to any life saving apparatus, to be grasped by a person in the water. -- Life rate, rate of premium for insuring a life. -- Life rent, the rent of a life estate; rent or property to which one is entitled during one's life. -- Life school, a school for artists in which they model, paint, or draw from living models. -- Lifetable, a table showing the probability of life at different ages. -- To lose one's life, to die. -- To seek the life of, to seek to kill. -- To the life, so as closely to resemble the living person or the subject; as, the portrait was drawn to the life.

LIFEBLOOD Life"blood`, n.

1. The blood necessary to life; vital blood. Dryden.

2. Fig.: That which gives strength and energy. Money [is] the lifeblood of the nation. Swift.

LIFEBOAT Life"boat`, n.

Defn: A strong, buoyant boat especially designed for saving the lives of shipwrecked people.

LIFEFUL Life"ful, a.

Defn: Full of vitality. Spenser.

LIFE-GIVING Life"-giv`ing, a.

Defn: Giving life or spirit; having power to give life; inspiriting; invigorating.

LIFEHOLD Life"hold`, n.

Defn: Land held by a life estate.

LIFELESS Life"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of life, or deprived of life; not containing, or inhabited by, living beings or vegetation; dead, or apparently dead; spiritless; powerless; dull; as, a lifeless carcass; lifeless matter; a lifeless desert; a lifeless wine; a lifeless story. -- Life"less*ly, adv. -- Life"less*ness, n.

Syn. -- Dead; soulless; inanimate; torpid; inert; inactive; dull; heavy; unanimated; spiritless; frigid; pointless; vapid; flat; tasteless. -- Lifeless, Dull, Inanimate, Dead. In a moral sense, lifeless denotes a want of vital energy; inanimate, a want of expression as to any feeling that may be possessed; dull implies a torpor of soul which checks all mental activity; dead supposes a destitution of feeling. A person is said to be lifeless who has lost the spirits which he once had; he is said to be inanimate when he is naturally wanting in spirits; one is dull from an original deficiency of mental power; he who is dead to moral sentiment is wholly bereft of the highest attribute of his nature.

LIFELIKE Life"like`, a. Etym: [Cf. Lively.]

Defn: Like a living being; resembling life; giving an accurate representation; as, a lifelike portrait. -- Life"like`ness, n. Poe.

LIFELONG Life"long, a. Etym: [Life + long. Cf. Livelong.]

Defn: Lasting or continuing through life. Tennyson.

LIFELY Life"ly, adv. Etym: [Cf. Lively, a.]

Defn: In a lifelike manner. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LIFEMATE Life"mate`, n.

Defn: Companion for life. Hawthorne.

LIFEN Lif"en, v. t.

Defn: To enliven. [Obs.] Marston.

LIFE-PRESERVER Life"-pre*serv`er, n.

Defn: An apparatus, made in very various forms, and of various materials, for saving one from drowning by buoying up the body while in the water. -- Life"-pre*serv`ing, a.

LIFE-SAVING Life"-sav`ing, a.

Defn: That saves life, or is suited to save life, esp. from drowning; as, the life-saving service; a life-saving station.

LIFE-SIZE Life"-size`, a.

Defn: Of full size; of the natural size.

LIFESOME Life"some, a.

Defn: Animated; sprightly. [Poetic] Coleridge. -- Life"some*ness, n.

LIFESPRING Life"spring`, n.

Defn: Spring or source of life.

LIFESTRING Life"string", n.

Defn: A nerve, or string, that is imagined to be essential to life. Daniel.

LIFETIME Life"time` (, n.

Defn: The time that life continues.

LIFE-WEARY Life"-wea`ry, a.

Defn: Weary of living. Shak.

LIFLODE Lif"lode, n.

Defn: Livelihood. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LIFT Lift, n.Etym: [AS.lyft air. See Loft.]

Defn: The sky; the atmosphere; the firmament. [Obs. or Scot.]

LIFT Lift, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lifted; p. pr. & vb. n. Lifting.] Etym: [Icel. lypta, fr. lopt air; akin to Sw.lyfta to lift, Dan. löfte, G. lüften; -- prop., to raise into the air. See Loft, and cf. 1st Lift.]

1. To move in a direction opposite to that of gravitation; to raise; to elevate; to bring up from a lower place to a higher; to upheave; sometimes implying a continued support or holding in the higher place; -- said of material things; as, to lift the foot or the hand; to lift a chair or a burden.

2. To raise, elevate, exalt, improve, in rank, condition, estimation, character, etc.; -- often with up. The Roman virtues lift up mortal man. Addison. Lest, being lifted up with pride. I Tim. iii. 6.

3. To bear; to support. [Obs.] Spenser.

4. To collect, as moneys due; to raise.

5. Etym: [Perh. a different word, and akin to Goth. hliftus thief, hlifan to steal, L. clepere, Gr. Shoplifter.]

Defn: To steal; to carry off by theft (esp. cattle); as, to lift a drove of cattle.

Note: In old writers, lift is sometimes used for lifted. He ne'er lift up his hand but conquered. Shak. To lift up, to raise or elevate; in the Scriptures, specifically, to elevate upon the cross. John viii. 28. -- To lift up the eyes. To look up; to raise the eyes, as in prayer. Ps. cxxi. 1. -- To lift up the feet, to come speedily to one's relief. Ps. lxxiv. 3. -- To lift up the hand. (a) To take an oath. Gen. xiv. 22. (b) To pray. Ps. xxviii. 2. (c) To engage in duty. Heb. xii. 12. -- To lift up the hand against, to rebel against; to assault; to attack; to injure; to oppress. Job xxxi. 21. -- To lift up one's head, to cause one to be exalted or to rejoice. Gen. xl. 13. Luke xxi. 28. -- To lift up the heel against, to treat with insolence or unkindness. John xiii.18. -- To lift up the voice, to cry aloud; to call out. Gen. xxi. 16.

LIFT Lift, v. i.

1. To try to raise something; to exert the strength for raising or bearing. Strained by lifting at a weight too heavy. Locke.

2. To rise; to become or appear raised or elevated; as, the fog lifts; the land lifts to a ship approaching it.

3. Etym: [See Lift, v. t., 5.]

Defn: To live by theft. Spenser.

LIFT Lift, n.

1. Act of lifting; also, that which is lifted.

2. The space or distance through which anything is lifted; as, a long lift. Bacon.

3. Help; assistance, as by lifting; as, to give one a lift in a wagon. [Colloq.] The goat gives the fox a lift. L'Estrange.

4. That by means of which a person or thing lifts or is lifted; as: (a) A hoisting machine; an elevator; a dumb waiter. (b) An exercising machine.

5. A rise; a degree of elevation; as, the lift of a lock in canals.

6. A lift gate. See Lift gate, below. [Prov. Eng.]

7. (Naut.)

Defn: A rope leading from the masthead to the extremity of a yard below; -- used for raising or supporting the end of the yard.

8. (Mach.)

Defn: One of the steps of a cone pulley.

9. (Shoemaking)

Defn: A layer of leather in the heel.

10. (Horology)

Defn: That portion of the vibration of a balance during which the impulse is given. Saunier. Dead lift. See under Dead. Swift. -- Lift bridge, a kind of drawbridge, the movable part of which is lifted, instead of being drawn aside. -- Lift gate, a gate that is opened by lifting. -- Lift hammer. See Tilt hammer. -- Lift lock, a canal lock. -- Lift pump, a lifting pump. -- Lift tenter (Windmills), a governor for regulating the speed by adjusting the sails, or for adjusting the action of grinding machinery according to the speed. -- Lift wall (Canal Lock), the cross wall at the head of the lock.

LIFTABLE Lift"a*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be lifted.

LIFTER Lift"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, lifts.

2. (Founding)

Defn: A tool for lifting loose sand from the mold; also, a contrivance attached to a cope, to hold the sand together when the cope is lifted.

LIFTING Lift"ing, a.

Defn: Used in, or for, or by, lifting. Lifting bridge, a lift bridge. -- Lifting jack. See 2d Jack, 5. -- Lifting machine. See Health lift, under Health. -- Lifting pump. (Mach.) (a) A kind of pump having a bucket, or valved piston, instead of a solid piston, for drawing water and lifting it to a high level. (b) A pump which lifts the water only to the top of the pump, or delivers it through a spout; a lift pump. -- Lifting rod, a vertical rod lifted by a rock shaft, and imparting motion to a puppet valve; -- used in the engines of river steamboats. -- Lifting sail (Naut.), one which tends to lift a vessel's bow out of water, as jibs and square foresails.

LIG Lig, v. i. Etym: [See Lie to be prostrate.]

Defn: To recline; to lie still. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer. Spenser.

LIGAMENT Lig"a*ment, n. Etym: [L. ligamentum, fr. ligare to bind; cf. f. ligament. Cf. Lien, n., Ligature.]

1. Anything that ties or unites one thing or part to another; a bandage; a bond. Hawthorne. Interwoven is the love of liberty with every ligament of your hearts. Washington.

2. (Anat.) (a) A tough band or plate of dense, fibrous, connective tissue or fibrocartilage serving to unite bones or form joints. (b) A band of connective tissue, or a membranous fold, which supports or retains an organ in place; as, the gastrophrenic ligament, connecting the diaphragm and stomach.

LIGAMENTAL; LIGAMENTOUS Lig`a*men"tal, Lig"a*men"tous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ligamenteux.]

Defn: Composing a ligament; of the nature of a ligament; binding; as, a strong ligamentous membrane.

LIGAN Li"gan, n.Etym: [Cf. L. ligare to bind, to tie, ligamen band, bandage, E. ligament, or ligsam.] (Law)

Defn: Goods sunk in the sea, with a buoy attached in order that they may be found again. See Jetsam and Flotsam. [Written also lagan.] Blackstone.

LIGATE Li"gate, v. t. Etym: [L. ligatus, p. p. of ligare.]

Defn: To tie with a ligature; to bind around; to bandage.

LIGATION Li*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. ligatio, fr. ligare to bind. Cf. Liaison.]

1. The act of binding, or the state of being bound.

2. That which binds; bond; connection. Tied with tape, and sealed at each fold and ligation. Sir W. Scott.

LIGATOR Li*ga"tor n. Etym: [See Ligate.] (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument for ligating, or for placing and fastening a ligature.

LIGATURE Lig"a*ture, n. Etym: [L. ligatura, fr. ligare, ligatum, to bind: cf. f. ligature. Cf. Ally, League, Legatura, Liable, Legament.]

1. The act of binding.

2. Anything that binds; a band or bandage.

3. (Surg.) (a) A thread or string for tying the blood vessels, particularly the arteries, to prevent hemorrhage. (b) A thread or wire used to remove tumors, etc.

4. The state of being bound or stiffened; stiffness; as, the ligature of a joint.

5. Impotence caused by magic or charms. [Obs.]

6. (Mus.)

Defn: A curve or line connecting notes; a slur.

7. (Print.)

Defn: A double character, or a type consisting of two or more letters or characters united, as æ, fi, ffl.

LIGATURE Lig"a*ture, v. t. (Surg.)

Defn: To ligate; to tie.

LIGE Lig"e, v. t. & i.

Defn: To lie; to tell lies. [Obs.]

LIGEANCE Li"geance, n. Etym: [OF. ligeance, ligance. See Liege.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: The connection between sovereign and subject by which they were mutually bound, the former to protection and the securing of justice, the latter to faithful service; allegiance. [Written also ligeancy and liegance.] Chaucer.

LIGEMENT Lige"ment, n.

Defn: See Ledgment

LIGGE Lig"ge, v. i.

Defn: To lie or recline. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LIGGER Lig"ger, n.

1. A baited line attached to a float, for night fishing. See Leger, a.

2. See Ledger, 2.

LIGHT Light, n. Etym: [OE.light, liht, AS. leót; akin to OS. lioht, D. & G. licht, OHG. lioht, Goth. liuhap, Icel. lj, L. lux light, lucere to shine, Gr. ruc to shine. Lucid, Lunar, Luminous, Lynx.]

1. That agent, force, or action in nature by the operation of which upon the organs of sight, objects are rendered visible or luminous.

Note: Light was regarded formerly as consisting of material particles, or corpuscules, sent off in all directions from luminous bodies, and traversing space, in right lines, with the known velocity of about 186,300 miles per second; but it is now generally understood to consist, not in any actual transmission of particles or substance, but in the propagation of vibrations or undulations in a subtile, elastic medium, or ether, assumed to pervade all space, and to be thus set in vibratory motion by the action of luminous bodies, as the atmosphere is by sonorous bodies. This view of the nature of light is known as the undulatory or wave theory; the other, advocated by Newton (but long since abandoned), as the corpuscular, emission, or Newtonian theory. A more recent theory makes light to consist in electrical oscillations, and is known as the electro-magnetic theory of light.

2. That which furnishes, or is a source of, light, as the sun, a star, a candle, a lighthouse, etc. Then he called for a light, and sprang in. Acts xvi. 29. And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night. Gen. i. 16.

3. The time during which the light of the sun is visible; day; especially, the dawn of day. The murderer, rising with the light, killeth the poor and needy. Job xxiv. 14.

4. The brightness of the eye or eyes. He seemed to find his way without his eyes; For out o'door he went without their helps, And, to the last, bended their light on me. Shak.

5. The medium through which light is admitted, as a window, or window pane; a skylight; in architecture, one of the compartments of a window made by a mullion or mullions. There were windows in three rows, and light was against light in three ranks. I Kings vii.4.

6. Life; existence. O, spring to light, auspicious Babe, be born ! Pope.

7. Open view; a visible state or condition; public observation; publicity. The duke yet would have dark deeds darkly answered; he would never bring them to light. Shak.

8. The power of perception by vision. My strength faileth me; as for the light of my eyes, it also is gone from me. Ps. xxxviii. 10.

9. That which illumines or makes clear to the mind; mental or spiritual illumination; enlightenment; knowledge; information. He shall never know That I had any light of this from thee. Shak.

10. Prosperity; happiness; joy; felicity. Then shall thy light break forth as the morning, and thy health shall spring forth speedily. Is. lviii. 8.

11. (Paint.)

Defn: The manner in which the light strikes upon a picture; that part of a picture which represents those objects upon which the light is supposed to fall; the more illuminated part of a landscape or other scene; -- opposed to shade. Cf. Chiaroscuro.

12. Appearance due to the particular facts and circumstances presented to view; point of view; as, to state things fairly and put them in the right light. Frequent consideration of a thing . . . shows it in its several lights and various ways of appearance. South.

13. One who is conspicuous or noteworthy; a model or example; as, the lights of the age or of antiquity. Joan of Are, A light of ancient France. Tennyson.

14. (Pyrotech.)

Defn: A firework made by filling a case with a substance which burns brilliantly with a white or colored flame; as, a Bengal light.

Note: Light is used figuratively to denote that which resembles physical light in any respect, as illuminating, benefiting, enlightening, or enlivening mankind. Ancient lights (Law), Calcium light, Flash light, etc. See under Ancient, Calcium, etc. -- Light ball (Mil.), a ball of combustible materials, used to afford light; -- sometimes made so as to fired from a cannon or mortar, or to be carried up by a rocket. -- Light barrel (Mil.), an empty power barrel pierced with holes and filled with shavings soaked in pitch, used to light up a ditch or a breach. --Light dues (Com.), tolls levied on ships navigating certain waters, for the maintenance of lighthouses. -- Light iron, a candlestick. [Obs.] -- Light keeper, a person appointed to take care of a lighthouse or light-ship. -- Light money, charges laid by government on shipping entering a port, for the maintenance of lighthouses and light-ships. -- The light of the countenance, favor; kindness; smiles. Lord, lift thou up the light of thy countenance upon us. Ps. iv. 6. -- Northern lights. See Aurora borealis, under Aurora. -- To bring to light, to cause to be disclosed. -- To come to light, to be disclosed. -- To see the light, to come into the light; hence, to come into the world or public notice; as, his book never saw the light. -- To stand in one's own light, to take a position which is injurious to one's own interest.

LIGHT Light, a. Etym: [AS. leóht. See Light, n.] [Compar. Lighter; superl. Lightest.]

1. Having light; not dark or obscure; bright; clear; as, the apartment is light.

2. White or whitish; not intense or very marked; not of a deep shade; moderately colored; as, a light color; a light brown; a light complexion.

LIGHT Light, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lighted or Lit (p. pr. & vb. n. Lighting.] Etym: [AS. l, lihtan, to shine. Light, n.]

1. To set fire to; to cause to burn; to set burning; to ignite; to kindle; as, to light a candle or lamp; to light the gas; -- sometimes with up. If a thousand candles be all lighted from one. Hakewill. And the largest lamp is lit. Macaulay. Absence might cure it, or a second mistress Light up another flame, and put out this. Addison.

2. To give light to; to illuminate; to fill with light; to spread over with light; -- often with up. Ah, hopeless, lasting flames I like those that burn To light the dead. Pope. One hundred years ago, to have lit this theater as brilliantly as it is now lighted would have cost, I suppose, fifty pounds. F. Harrison. The sun has set, and Vesper, to supply His absent beams, has lighted up the sky. Dryden.

3. To attend or conduct with a light; to show the way to by means of a light. His bishops lead him forth, and light him on. Landor. To light a fire, to kindle the material of a fire.

LIGHT Light, v. i.

1. To become ignited; to take fire; as, the match will not light.

2. To be illuminated; to receive light; to brighten; -- with up; as, the room light up very well.

LIGHT Light, a. [Compar. Lighted; superl. Lightest.] Etym: [OE. light, liht, AS. liht, leóht; akin to D. ligt, G. leicht, OHG.lihti, Icel. l, Dan. let, Sw. lätt, Goth. leihts, and perh. to L. levis (cf. Levity), Gr. laghu light.

1. Having little, or comparatively little, weight; not tending to be the center of gravity with force; not heavy. These weights did not exert their natural gravity . . . insomuch that I could not guess which was light or heavy whilst I held them in my hand. Addison.

2. Not burdensome; easy to be lifted, borne, or carried by physical strength; as, a light burden, or load. Ye shall find rest unto your souls. For my yoke is easy, and my burden is light. Matt. xi. 29. 30.

3. Easy to be endured or performed; not severe; not difficult; as, a light affliction or task. Chaucer. Light sufferings give us leisure to complain. Dryden.

4. Easy to be digested; not oppressive to the stomach; as, light food; also, containing little nutriment.

5. Not heavily armed; armed with light weapons; as, light troops; a troop of light horse.

6. Not encumbered; unembarrassed; clear of impediments; hence, active; nimble; swift. Unmarried men are best friends, best masters . . . but not always best subjects, for they are light to run away. Bacon.

7. Not heavily burdened; not deeply laden; not sufficiently ballasted; as, the ship returned light.

8. Slight; not important; as, a light error. Shak.

9. Well leavened; not heavy; as, light bread.

10. Not copious or heavy; not dense; not inconsiderable; as, a light rain; a light snow; light vapors.

11. Not strong or violent; moderate; as, a light wind.

12. Not pressing heavily or hard upon; hence, having an easy graceful manner; delicate; as, a light touch; a light style of execution.

13. Easy to admit influence; inconsiderate; easily influenced by trifling considerations; unsteady; unsettled; volatile; as, a light, vain person; a light mind. There is no greater argument of a light and inconsiderate person than profanely to scoff at religion. Tillotson.

14. Indulging in, or inclined to, levity; wanting dignity or solemnity; trifling; gay; frivolous; airy; unsubstantial. Seneca can not be too heavy, nor Plautus too light. Shak. Specimens of New England humor laboriously light and lamentably mirthful. Hawthorne.

15. Not quite sound or normal; somewhat impaired or deranged; dizzy; giddy. Are his wits safe Is he not light of brain Shak.

16. Easily bestowed; inconsiderately rendered. To a fair semblance doth light annex. Spenser.

17. Wanton; unchaste; as, a woman of light character. A light wife doth make a heavy husband. Shak.

18. Not of the legal, standard, or usual weight; clipped; diminished; as, light coin.

19. Loose; sandy; easily pulverized; as, a light soil. Light cavalry, Light horse (Mil.), light-armed soldiers mounted on strong and active horses. -- Light eater, one who eats but little. -- Light infantry, infantry soldiers selected and trained for rapid evolutions. -- Light of foot. (a) Having a light step. (b) Fleet. -- Light of heart, gay, cheerful. -- Light oil (Chem.), the oily product, lighter than water, forming the chief part of the first distillate of coal tar, and consisting largely of benzene and toluene. -- Light sails (Naut.), all the sails above the topsails, with, also, the studding sails and flying jib. Dana. -- Light sleeper, one easily wakened. -- Light weight, a prize fighter, boxer, wrestler, or jockey, who is below a standard medium weight. Cf. Feather weight, under Feather. [Cant] -- To make light of, to treat as of little consequence; to slight; to disregard. -- To set light by, to undervalue; to slight; to treat as of no importance; to despise.

LIGHT Light, adv.

Defn: Lightly; cheaply. Hooker.

LIGHT Light, v. t. Etym: [See Light not heavy, and cf. Light to alight, and Lighten to make less heavy.]

Defn: To lighten; to ease of a burden; to take off. [Obs.] From his head the heavy burgonet did light. Spenser.

LIGHT Light, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lighted or Lit (p. pr. & vb. n. Lighting.] Etym: [AS. lihtan to alight orig., to relieve (a horse) of the rider's burden, to make less heavy, fr. liht light. See Light not heavy, and cf. Alight, Lighten to make light.]

1. To dismount; to descend, as from a horse or carriage; to alight; - - with from, off, on, upon, at, in. When she saw Isaac, she lighted off the camel. Gen. xxiv. 64. Slowly rode across a withered heath, And lighted at a ruined inn. Tennyson.

2. To feel light; to be made happy. [Obs.] It made all their hearts to light. Chaucer.

3. To descend from flight, and rest, perch, or settle, as a bird or insect. [The bee] lights on that, and this, and tasteth all. Sir. J. Davies. On the tree tops a crested peacock lit. Tennyson.

4. To come down suddenly and forcibly; to fall; -- with on or upon. On me, me only, as the source and spring Of all corruption, all the blame light due. Milton.

5. To come by chance; to happen; -- with on or upon; formerly with into. The several degrees of vision, which the assistance of glasses (casually at first lit on) has taught us to conceive. Locke. They shall light into atheistical company. South. And here we lit on Aunt Elizabeth, And Lilia with the rest. Tennyson.

LIGHTABLE Light"a*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be lighted.

LIGHT-ARMED Light"-armed`, a.

Defn: Armed with light weapons or accouterments.

LIGHT-BOAT Light"-boat`, n.

Defn: Light-ship.

LIGHTE Light"e, obs. imp.

Defn: of Light, to alight. Chaucer.

LIGHTEN Light"en, v. i. Etym: [See Light to alight.]

Defn: To descend; to light. O Lord, let thy mercy lighten upon us. Book of Common Prayer [Eng. Ed.]

LIGHTEN Light"en, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lightened; p. pr. & vb. n. Lightening.] Etym: [OE. lightenen. See Light to kindle, illuminate.]

1. To burst forth or dart, as lightning; to shine with, or like, lightning; to display a flash or flashes of lightning; to flash. This dreadful night, That thunders, lightens, opens graves, and roars As doth the lion. Shak.

2. To grow lighter; to become less dark or lowering; to brighten; to clear, as the sky.

LIGHTEN Light"en, v. t. Etym: [See Light to illuminate.]

1. To make light or clear; to light; to illuminate; as, to lighten an apartment with lamps or gas; to lighten the streets. [In this sense less common than light.] A key of fire ran all along the shore, And lightened all the river with a blaze. Dryden.

2. To illuminate with knowledge; to enlighten. [In this sense less common than enlighten.] Lighten my spirit with one clear heavenly ray. Sir J. Davies.

3. To emit or disclose in, or as in, lightning; to flash out, like lightning. His eye . . . lightens forth Controlling majesty. Shak.

4. To free from trouble and fill with joy. They looked unto him, were lightened. Ps. xxxiv. 5.

LIGHTEN Light"en, v. t. Etym: [See Light not heavy.]

1. To make lighter, or less heavy; to reduce in weight; to relieve of part of a load or burden; as, to lighten a ship by unloading; to lighten a load or burden.

2. To make less burdensome or afflictive; to alleviate; as, to lighten the cares of life or the burden of grief.

3. To cheer; to exhilarate. Lighens my humor with his merry jests. Shak.

LIGHTER Light"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, lights; as, a lighter of lamps.

LIGHTER Light"er, n. Etym: [D. ligter, fr. ligt light. See Light not heavy.] (Naut.)

Defn: A large boat or barge, mainly, used in unloading or loading vessels which can not reach the wharves at the place of shipment or delivery. Lighter screw (Mach.), a screw for adjusting the distance between the stones in a grinding mill by raising or lowering the bridgetree.

LIGHTER Light"er, v. t.

Defn: To convey by a lighter, as to or from the shore; as, to lighter the cargo of a ship.

LIGHTERAGE Light"er*age, n.

1. The price paid for conveyance of goods on a lighter.

2. The act of unloading into a lighter, or of conveying by a lighter.

LIGHTERMAN Light"er*man, n.; pl. Lightermen (.

Defn: A person employed on, or who manages, a lighter.

LIGHT-FINGERED Light"-fin`gered, a.

Defn: Dexterous in taking and conveying away; thievish; pilfering; addicted to petty thefts. Fuller.

LIGHT-FOOT; LIGHT-FOOTED Light"-foot`, Light"-foot`ed, a.

Defn: Having a light, springy step; nimble in running or dancing; active; as, light-foot Iris. Tennyson.

LIGHTFUL Light"ful, a.

Defn: Full of light; bright. [R.] "Lightful presence." Marston.

LIGHT-HANDED Light"-hand`ed, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Not having a full complement of men; as, a vessel light-handed.

LIGHT-HEADED Light"-head`ed, a.

1. Disordered in the head; dilirious. Walpole.

2. Thoughtless; heedless; volatile; unsteady; fickle; loose. "Light- headed, weak men." Clarendon. -- Light"-head`ed*ness, n.

LIGHT-HEARTED Light"-heart"ed, a.

Defn: Free from grief or anxiety; gay; cheerful; merry. -- Light"-heart`ed*ly, adv. -- Light"-heart"ed*ness, n.

LIGHT-HEELED Light"-heeled`, a.

Defn: Lively in walking or running; brisk; light-footed.

LIGHT-HORSEMAN Light"-horse`man, n.; pl. -men (.

1. A soldier who serves in the light horse. See under 5th Light.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West Indian fish of the genus Ephippus, remarkable for its high dorsal fin and brilliant colors.

LIGHTHOUSE Light"house` n.; pl.Lighthouses (.

Defn: A tower or other building with a powerful light at top, erected at the entrance of a port, or at some important point on a coast, to serve as a guide to mariners at night; a pharos.

LIGHTING Light"ing, n. (Metal.)

Defn: A name sometimes applied to the process of annealing metals.

LIGHT-LEGGED Light"-legged`, a.

Defn: Nimble; swift of foot. Sir P. Sidney.

LIGHTLESS Light"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of light; dark. Shak.

LIGHTLY Light"ly, adv.

1. With little weight; with little force; as, to tread lightly; to press lightly. Yet shall thy grave with rising flowers be drest, And the green turf lie lightly on thy breast. Pope. Him thus intent Ithuriel with his spear Touched lightly. Milton.

2. Swiftly; nimbly; with agility. So mikle was that barge, it might not lightly sail. R. of Brunne. Watch what thou seest and lightly bring me word. Tennyson.

3. Without deep impression. The soft ideas of the cheerful note, Lightly received, were easily forgot. Prior.

4. In a small degree; slightly; not severely. At the first he lightly afflicted the land of Zebulun . . . and afterward did more grievously afflict her. Is. ix. 1.

5. With little effort or difficulty; easily; readily. That lightly come, shall lightly go. Old Proverb. They come lightly by the malt, and need not spare it. Sir W. Scott.

6. Without reason, or for reasons of little weight. Flatter not the rich, neither do thou willingly or lightly appear before great personages. Jer. Taylor.

7. Commonly; usually. [Obs.] Bp. Fisher. The great thieves of a state are lightly the officers of the crown. B. Jonson.

8. Without dejection; cheerfully. "Seeming to bear it lightly." Shak.

9. Without heed or care; with levity; gayly; airily. Matrimony . . . is not by any to be enterprised, nor taken in hand, unadvisedly, lightly, or wantonly. Book of Common Prayer [Eng. Ed.].

10. Not chastely; wantonly. Swift.

LIGHTMAN Light"man, n. ; pl. -men (

Defn: A man who carries or takes care of a light. T. Brown.

LIGHT-MINDED Light"-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Unsettled; unsteady; volatile; not considerate. -- Light"-mind`ed*ness, n.

LIGHTNESS Light"ness, n. Etym: [From Light not heavy.]

Defn: The state, condition, or quality, of being light or not heavy; buoyancy; levity; fickleness; delicacy; grace.

Syn. -- Levity; volatility; instability; inconstancy; unsteadiness; giddiness; flightiness; airiness; gayety; liveliness; agility; nimbleness; sprightliness; briskness; swiftness; ease; facility.

LIGHTNESS Light"ness, n. Etym: [From Light bright.]

1. Illumination, or degree of illumination; as, the lightness of a room. Chaucer.

2. Absence of depth or of duskiness in color; as, the lightness of a tint; lightness of complexion.

LIGHTNING Light"ning, n. Etym: [For lightening, fr. lighten to flash.]

1. A discharge of atmospheric electricity, accompanied by a vivid flash of light, commonly from one cloud to another, sometimes from a cloud to the earth. The sound produced by the electricity in passing rapidly through the atmosphere constitutes thunder.

2. The act of making bright, or the state of being made bright; enlightenment; brightening, as of the mental powers. [R.] Ball lightning, a rare form of lightning sometimes seen as a globe of fire moving from the clouds to the earth. -- Chain lightning, lightning in angular, zigzag, or forked flashes. -- Heat lightning, more or less vivid and extensive flashes of electric light, without thunder, seen near the horizon, esp. at the close of a hot day. -- Lightning arrester (Telegraphy), a device, at the place where a wire enters a building, for preventing injury by lightning to an operator or instrument. It consists of a short circuit to the ground interrupted by a thin nonconductor over which lightning jumps. Called also lightning discharger. -- Lightning bug (Zoöl.), a luminous beetle. See Firefly. -- Lightning conductor, a lightning rod. -- Lightning glance, a quick, penetrating glance of a brilliant eye. -- Lightning rod, a metallic rod set up on a building, or on the mast of a vessel, and connected with the earth or water below, for the purpose of protecting the building or vessel from lightning. -- Sheet lightning, a diffused glow of electric light flashing out from the clouds, and illumining their outlines. The appearance is sometimes due to the reflection of light from distant flashes of lightning by the nearer clouds.

LIGHTNING Light"ning, vb. n.

Defn: Lightening. [R.]

LIGHT-O'-LOVE Light"-o'-love`, n.

1. An old tune of a dance, the name of which made it a proverbial expression of levity, especially in love matters. Nares. "Best sing it to the tune of light-o'-love." Shak.

2. Hence: A light or wanton woman. Beau. & Fl.

LIGHTROOM Light"room`, n.

Defn: A small room from which the magazine of a naval vessel is lighted, being separated from the magazine by heavy glass windows.

LIGHTS lights, n. pl. Etym: [So called from their lightness.]

Defn: The lungs of an animal or bird; -- sometimes coarsely applied to the lungs of a human being.

LIGHT-SHIP Light"-ship`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A vessel carrying at the masthead a brilliant light, and moored off a shoal or place of dangerous navigation as a guide for mariners.

LIGHTSOME Light"some, a.

1. Having light; lighted; not dark or gloomy; bright. White walls make rooms more lightsome than black. Bacon.

2. Gay; airy; cheering; exhilarating. That lightsome affection of joy. Hooker. -- Light"some*ly, adv. -- Light"some*ness, n. Happiness may walk soberly in dark attire, as well as dance lightsomely in a gala dress. Hawthorne.

LIGHTSTRUCK Light"*struck`, a. (Photog.)

Defn: Damaged by accidental exposure to light; light-fogged; -- said of plates or films.

LIGHTWEIGHT Light"weight`, n. One of less than average weight; specif.: (a) In boxing, wrestling, etc., one weighingnot more than 133 pounds (U. S. amateur rules 135 pounds, Eng. 140 pounds). (b) A person of small impotance or mental ability. [Colloq., Chiefly U. S.]

LIGHTWEIGHT Light"weight`, a.

Defn: Light in weight, as a coin; specif., applied to a man or animal who is a lightweight.

LIGHT-WINGED Light"-winged`, a.

Defn: Having light and active wings; volatile; fleeting. Shak.

LIGHTWOOD Light"wood`, n.

Defn: Pine wood abounding in pitch, used for torches in the Southern United States; pine knots, dry sticks, and the like, for kindling a fire quickly or making a blaze.

LIGHTY Light"y, a.

Defn: Illuminated. [Obs.] Wyclif.

LIGHT YEAR Light year. (Astron.)

Defn: The distance over which light can travel in a year's time; -- used as a unit in expressing stellar distances. It is more than 63,000 times as great as the distance from the earth to the sun.

LIGN-ALOES Lign`-al"oes, n. Etym: [OE. ligne aloes, fr. L. lignum wood + aloe aloe.]

1. Aloes wood, or agallochum. See Agallochum.

2. A fragrant tree mentioned in the Bible. Num. xxiv. 6.

LIGNEOUS Lig"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. ligneus, fr. lignum wood. Cf. Lignous.]

Defn: Made of wood; consisting of wood; of the nature of, or resembling, wood; woody. It should be tried with shoots of vines and roots of red roses; for it may be they, being of a moreligneous nature, will incorporate with the tree itself. Bacon. Ligneous marble, wood coated or prepared so as to resemble marble.

LIGNIFEROUS Lig*nif`er*ous, a. Etym: [L. lignifer; lignum wood + ferre to bear: cf. F. lignifère.]

Defn: Yielding or producing wood.

LIGNIFICATION Lig`ni*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lignification. See Lignify.] (Bot.)

Defn: A change in the character of a cell wall, by which it becomes harder. It is supposed to be due to an incrustation of lignin.

LIGNIFORM Lig"ni*form, a. Etym: [L. lignum wood + -form: cf. F. ligniforme.]

Defn: Like wood.

LIGNIFY Lig"ni*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lignified; p. pr. & vb. n. Lignifying.] Etym: [L. lignum wood + -fy: cf. F. lignifier.] (Bot.)

Defn: To convert into wood or into a ligneous substance.

LIGNIFY Lig"ni*fy, v. i. (Bot.)

Defn: To become wood.

LIGNIN Lig"nin, n. Etym: [L. lignum wood: cf. F. lignine.] (Bot.)

Defn: A substance characterizing wood cells and differing from cellulose in its conduct with certain chemical reagents.

Note: Recent authors have distinguished four forms of this substance, naming them lignose, lignin, lignone, and lignireose.

LIGNIPERDOUS Lig`ni*per"dous, a. Etym: [L. lignum wood + perdere to destroy: cf. F. ligniperde.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Wood-destroying; -- said of certain insects.

LIGNIREOSE Lig*nir"e*ose`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Lignin.

LIGNITE Lig"nite, n. Etym: [L. lignum wood: cf. F. lignite.] (Min.)

Defn: Mineral coal retaining the texture of the wood from which it was formed, and burning with an empyreumatic odor. It is of more recent origin than the anthracite and bituminous coal of the proper coal series. Called also brown coal, wood coal.

LIGNITIC Lig*nit"ic, a.

Defn: Containing lignite; resembling, or of the nature of, lignite; as, lignitic clay. Lignitic group. See Laramie group.

LIGNITIFEROUS Lig`ni*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Lignite + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing or containing lignite; lignitic.

LIGNOCERIC Lig`no*cer"ic, a. Etym: [L. lignum wood + cera wax.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid of the formic acid series, found in the tar, wax, or paraffine obtained by distilling certain kinds of wood, as the beech.

LIGNONE Lig"none`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Lignin.

LIGNOSE; LIGNOUS Lig*nose`, Lig"nous, a. Etym: [L. lignosus, fr. lignum wood: cf. F. ligneux. Cf. Ligneous.]

Defn: Ligneous. [R.] Evelyn.

LIGNOSE Lig"nose`, n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: See Lignin.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: An explosive compound of wood fiber and nitroglycerin. See Nitroglycerin.

LIGNUM RHODIUM Lig"num rho"di*um. Etym: [NL., fr. L. lignum wood + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The fragrant wood of several shrubs and trees, especially of species of Rhodorhiza from the Canary Islands, and of the West Indian Amyris balsamifera.

LIGNUM-VITAE Lig"num-vi"tae, n. Etym: [L., wood of life; lignum wood + vita, genitive vitæ, life.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tree (Guaiacum officinale) found in the warm latitudes of America, from which the guaiacum of medicine is procured. Its wood is very hard and heavy, and is used for various mechanical purposes, as for the wheels of ships' blocks, cogs, bearings, and the like. See Guaiacum.

Note: In New Zealand the Metrosideros buxifolia is called lignum- vitæ, and in Australia a species of Acacia. The bastard lignum-vitæ is a West Indian tree (Sarcomphalus laurinus).

LIGROIN Lig"ro*in, n.

Defn: A trade name applied somewhat indefinitely to some of the volatile products obtained in refining crude petroleum. It is a complex and variable mixture of several hydrocarbons, generally boils below 170º Fahr., and is more inflammable than safe kerosene. It is used as a solvent, as a carburetant for air gas, and for illumination in special lamps.

LIGSAM Lig"sam, n. Etym: [Cf. D. liggen to lie, E. lie to be prostrate, and E. flotsam, jetsam, or ligan.]

Defn: Same as Ligan. Brande & C.

LIGULA Lig"u*la, n.; pl. L. Ligulæ, E. Ligulas. Etym: [L., a little tongue. See Ligule.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: See Ligule.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) The central process, or front edge, of the labium of insects. It sometimes serves as a tongue or proboscis, as in bees. [See Illust. under Labium, and Hymenoptera.] (b) A tongue-shaped lobe of the parapodia of annelids. See Parapodium.

LIGULATE; LIGULATED Lig"u*late, Lig"u*la`ted, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ligulé. See Ligule, and cf. Lingulate.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Like a bandage, or strap; strap-shaped.

2. Composed of ligules. Ligulate flower, a species of compound flower, the florets of which have their corollets flat, spreading out toward the end, with the base only tubular.

LIGULE Lig"ule, n. Etym: [L.ligula, little tongue, dim of lingua tongue : cf. F. ligule.]

1. (Bot.) (a) The thin and scarious projection from the upper end of the sheath of leaf of grass. (b) A strap-shaped corolla of flowers of Compositæ.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A band of white matter in the wall of fourth ventricle of the brain.

LIGULIFLOROUS Lig`u*li*flo"rous, a. Etym: [Ligule + L. flos, floris, a flower.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing only ligulate flowers; -- said of a large suborder of composite plants, such as the dandelion, hawkweed, etc.

LIGURE Lig"ure, n. Etym: [L. ligurius, Gr. leshem.]

Defn: A kind of precious stone. The third row a ligure, an agate, and an amethyst. Ex. xxviii. 19.

LIGUSTRIN Li*gus"trin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter principle found in the bark of the privet (Ligustrum vulgare), and extracted as a white crystalline substance with a warm, bitter taste; -- called also ligustron.

LIKABLE Lik"a*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be liked; such as to attract liking; as, a likable person. Thackeray.

LIKE Like, a. [Compar. Liker; superl. Likest.] Etym: [OE. lik, ilik, gelic, AS. gelic, fr. pref. ge- + lic body, and orig. meaning, having the same body, shape, or appearance, and hence, like; akin to OS. gilik, D. gelijk, G. gleich, OHG. gilih, Icel. likr, glikr, Dan. lig, Sw. lik, Goth. galeiks, OS. lik body, D. lijk, G. leiche, Icel. lik, Sw. lik, Goth. leik. The English adverbial ending-ly is from the same adjective. Cf. Each, Such, Which.]

1. Having the same, or nearly the same, appearance, qualities, or characteristics; resembling; similar to; similar; alike; -- often with in and the particulars of the resemblance; as, they are like each other in features, complexion, and many traits of character. 'The as like you As cherry is to cherry. Shak. Like master, like man. Old Prov. He giveth snow like wool; he scattereth the hoar-frost like ashes. Ps. cxlvii. 16.

Note: To, which formerly often followed like, is now usually omitted.

2. Equal, or nearly equal; as, fields of like extent. More clergymen were impoverished by the late war than ever in the like space before. Sprat.

3. Having probability; affording probability; probable; likely. [Likely is more used now.] Shak. But it is like the jolly world about us will scoff at the paradox of these practices. South. Many were not easy to be governed, nor like to conform themselves to strict rules. Clarendon.

4. Inclined toward; disposed to; as, to feel like taking a walk. Had like (followed by the infinitive), had nearly; came little short of. Had like to have been my utter overthrow. Sir W. Raleigh Ramona had like to have said the literal truth, . . . but recollected herself in time. Mrs. H. H. Jackson. Like figures (Geom.), similar figures.

Note: Like is used as a suffix, converting nouns into adjectives expressing resemblance to the noun; as, manlike, like a man; childlike, like a child; godlike, like a god, etc. Such compounds are readily formed whenever convenient, and several, as crescentlike, serpentlike, hairlike, etc., are used in this book, although, in some cases, not entered in the vocabulary. Such combinations as bell-like, ball-like, etc., are hyphened.

LIKE Like, n.

1. That which is equal or similar to another; the counterpart; an exact resemblance; a copy. He was a man, take him for all in all, I shall not look upon his like again. Shak.

2. A liking; a preference; inclination; -- usually in pl.; as, we all have likes and dislikes.

LIKE Like, adv. Etym: [AS. gelice. See Like, a.]

1. In a manner like that of; in a manner similar to; as, do not act like him. He maketh them to stagger like a drunken man. Job xii. 25.

Note: Like, as here used, is regarded by some grammarians as a preposition.

2. In a like or similar manner. Shak. Like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth them that fear him. Ps. ciii. 13.

3. Likely; probably. "Like enough it will." Shak.

LIKE Like, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Liked; p. pr. & vb. n. Liking.] Etym: [OE. liken to please, AS. lician, gelician, fr.gelic. See Like, a.]

1. To suit; to please; to be agreeable to. [Obs.] Cornwall him liked best, therefore he chose there. R. of Gloucester. I willingly confess that it likes me much better when I find virtue in a fair lodging than when I am bound to seek it in an ill-favored creature. Sir P. Sidney.

2. To be pleased with in a moderate degree; to approve; to take satisfaction in; to enjoy. He proceeded from looking to liking, and from liking to loving. Sir P. Sidney.

3. To liken; to compare.[Obs.] Like me to the peasant boys of France. Shak.

LIKE Like, v. i.

1. To be pleased; to choose. He may either go or stay, as he best likes. Locke.

2. To have an appearance or expression; to look; to seem to be (in a specified condition). [Obs.] You like well, and bear your years very well. Shak.

3. To come near; to avoid with difficulty; to escape narrowly; as, he liked to have been too late. Cf. Had like, under Like, a. [Colloq.] He probably got his death, as he liked to have done two years ago, by viewing the troops for the expedition from the wall of Kensington Garden. Walpole. To like of, to be pleased with. [Obs.] Massinger.

LIKEABLE Like"a*ble (lik"a*b'l), a.

Defn: See Likable.

LIKEHOOD Like"hood, n.

Defn: Likelihood. [Obs.] South.

LIKELIHOOD Like"li*hood, n. Etym: [Likely + -hood.]

1. Appearance; show; sign; expression. [Obs.] What of his heart perceive you in his face By any likelihood he showed to-day Shak.

2. Likeness; resemblance. [Obs.] There is no likelihood between pure light and black darkness, or between righteousness and reprobation. Sir W. Raleigh.

3. Appearance of truth or reality; probability; verisimilitude. Tennyson.

LIKELINESS Like"li*ness, n.

1. Likelihood; probability.

2. Suitableness; agreeableness. [Obs.]

LIKELY Like"ly, a. [Compar. Likelier; superl. Likeliest.] Etym: [That is, like-like. See Like, a.]

1. Worthy of belief; probable; credible; as, a likely story. It seems likely that he was in hope of being busy and conspicuous. Johnson.

2. Having probability; having or giving reason to expect; -- followed by the infinitive; as, it is likely to rain.

3. Similar; like; alike. [Obs.] Spenser.

4. Such as suits; good-looking; pleasing; agreeable; handsome. Shak. Milton.

5. Having such qualities as make success probable; well adapted to the place; promising; as, a likely young man; a likely servant.

LIKELY Like"ly, adv.

Defn: In all probability; probably. While man was innocent he was likely ignorant of nothing that imported him to know. Glanvill.

LIKE-MINDED Like"-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Having a like disposition or purpose; of the same mind. Tillotson.

LIKEN Lik"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Likened; p. pr. & vb. n. Likening.] Etym: [OE. liknen. See Like, a.]

1. To allege, or think, to be like; to represent as like; to compare; as, to liken life to a pilgrimage. Whosoever heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth them, I will liken him unto a wise man which built his house upon a rock. Matt. vii. 24.

2. To make or cause to be like. [R.] Brougham.

LIKENESS Like"ness, n. Etym: [AS. gelicnes.]

1. The state or quality of being like; similitude; resemblance; similarity; as, the likeness of the one to the other is remarkable.

2. Appearance or form; guise. An enemy in the likeness of a friend. L'Estrange.

3. That which closely resembles; a portrait. [How he looked] the likenesses of him which still remain enable us to imagine. Macaulay.

4. A comparison; parable; proverb. [Obs.] He said to them, Soothly ye shall say to me this likeness, Leech, heal thyself. Wyclif (Luke iv. 23).

Syn. -- Similarity; parallel; similitude; representation; portrait; effigy.

LIKEROUS; LIKEROUSNESS Lik"er*ous, a., Lik"er*ous*ness, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Lickerish, Lickerishness. Chaucer.

LIKEWISE Like"wise`, adv. & conj. Etym: [See Wise, n.]

Defn: In like manner; also; moreover; too. See Also. Go, and do thou likewise. Luke x. 37. For he seeth that wise men die; likewise the fool and the brutish person perish. Ps. xlix. 10.

LIKIN Li"kin`, n. [Written also lekin.] [ Chin. li kin; li the thousandth part of a tael + kin money.]

Defn: A Chinese provincial tax levied at many inland stations upon imports or articles in transit.

"Likin," which used to be regarded as illegal, as one of the many, "squeezes" imposed by the mandarins, is, in Jamieson's opinion, just as legal as any other form of taxation. A. R. Colquhoun.

LIKING Lik"ing, p. a.

Defn: Looking; appearing; as, better or worse liking. See Like, to look. [Obs.] Chaucer. Why should he see your faces worse liking than the children which are of your sort Dan. i. 10.

LIKING Lik"ing, n.

1. The state of being pleasing; a suiting. See On liking, below. [Obs. or Prov. End.]

2. The state of being pleased with, or attracted toward, some thing or person; hence, inclination; desire; pleasure; preference; -- often with for, formerly with to; as, it is an amusement I have no liking for. If the human intellect hath once taken a liking to any doctrine, . . . it draws everything else into harmony with that doctrine, and to its support. Bacon.

3. Appearance; look; figure; state of body as to health or condition. [Archaic] I shall think the worse of fat men, as long as I have an eye to make difference of men's liking. Shak. Their young ones are in good liking. Job. xxxix. 4. On liking, on condition of being pleasing to or suiting; also, on condition of being pleased with; as, to hold a place of service on liking; to engage a servant on liking. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Would he be the degenerate scion of that royal line . . . to be a king on liking and on sufferance Hazlitt.

LILAC Li"lac, n. [Also lilach.] Etym: [Sp. lilac, lila, Ar.lilak, fr. Per. lilaj, lilanj, lilang, nilaj, nil, the indigo plant, or from the kindred lilak bluish, the flowers being named from the color. Cf. Anil.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A shrub of the genus Syringa. There are six species, natives of Europe and Asia. Syringa vulgaris, the common lilac, and S. Persica, the Persian lilac, are frequently cultivated for the fragrance and beauty of their purplish or white flowers. In the British colonies various other shrubs have this name.

2. A light purplish color like that of the flower of the purplish lilac. California lilac (Bot.), a low shrub with dense clusters of purplish flowers (Ceanothus thyrsiflorus).

LILACIN Lil"a*cin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Syringin.

LILIACEOUS Lil`i*a"ceous, a. Etym: [L. liliaceus, fr. lilium lily. See Lily.] (Bot.) (a) Of or pertaining to a natural order of which the lily, tulip, and hyacinth are well-known examples. (b) Like the blossom of a lily in general form.

LILIAL Lil"i*al, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a general resemblance to lilies or to liliaceous plants.

LILIED Lil"ied, a.

Defn: Covered with, or having many, lilies. By sandy Ladon's lilied banks. Milton.

LILL Lill, v. i.

Defn: To loll. [Obs. or Prov.] Spenser.

LILLIPUTIAN Lil`li*pu"tian, n.

1. One belonging to a very diminutive race described in Swift's "Voyage to Lilliput."

2. Hence:

Defn: A person or thing of very small size.

LILLIPUTIAN Lil`li*pu"tian, a.

1. Of or having to the imaginary island of Lilliput described by Swift, or to its inhabitants.

2. Hence:

Defn: Of very small size; diminutive; dwarfed.

LILLY-PILLY Lil"ly-pil`ly, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An Australian myrtaceous tree (Eugenia Smithii), having smooth ovate leaves, and panicles of small white flowers. The wood is hard and fine-grained.

LILT Lilt, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Norw. lilla, lirla, to sing in a high tone.]

1. To do anything with animation and quickness, as to skip, fly, or hop. [Prov. Eng.] Wordsworth.

2. To sing cheerfully. [Scot.]

LILT Lilt, v. t.

Defn: To utter with spirit, animation, or gayety; to sing with spirit and liveliness. A classic lecture, rich in sentiment, With scraps of thundrous epic lilted out By violet-hooded doctors. Tennyson.

LILT Lilt, n.

1. Animated, brisk motion; spirited rhythm; sprightliness. The movement, the lilt, and the subtle charm of the verse. F. Harrison.

2. A lively song or dance; a cheerful tune. The housewife went about her work, or spun at her wheel, with a lilt upon her lips. J. C. Shairp.

LILY Lil"y, n.; pl. Lilies. Etym: [AS. lilie, L. lilium, Gr. Flower-de- luce.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant and flower of the genus Lilium, endogenous bulbous plants, having a regular perianth of six colored pieces, six stamens, and a superior three-celled ovary.

Note: There are nearly fifty species, all found in the North Temperate zone. Lilium candidum and L. longiflorum are the common white lilies of gardens; L. Philadelphicum is the wild red lily of the Atlantic States. L. Chalcedonicum is supposed to be the "lily of the field" in our Lord's parable; L. auratum is the great gold-banded lily of Japan.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to handsome flowering plants of several genera, having some resemblance in color or form to a true lily, as Pancratium, Crinum, Amaryllis, Nerine, etc.

3. That end of a compass needle which should point to the north; -- so called as often ornamented with the figure of a lily or fleur-de- lis. But sailing further, it veers its lily to the west. Sir T. Browne. African lily (Bot.), the blue-flowered Agapanthus umbellatus. -- Atamasco lily (Bot.), a plant of the genus Zephyranthes (Z. Atamasco), having a white and pink funnelform perianth, with six petal-like divisions resembling those of a lily. Gray. -- Blackberry lily (Bot.), the Pardanthus Chinensis, the black seeds of which form a dense like a blackberry. -- Bourbon lily (Bot.), Lilium candidum. See Illust. -- Butterfly lily. (Bot.) Same as Mariposa lily, in the Vocabulary. -- Lily daffodil (Bot.), a plant of the genus Narcissus, and its flower. -- Lily encrinite (Paleon.), a fossil encrinite, esp. Encrinus liliiformis. See Encrinite. -- Lily hyacinth (Bot.), a plant of the genus Hyacinthus. -- Lily iron, a kind of harpoon with a detachable head of peculiar shape, used in capturing swordfish. -- Lily of the valley (Bot.), a low perennial herb (Convallaria majalis), having a raceme of nodding, fragrant, white flowers. -- Lily pad, the large floating leaf of the water lily. [U. S.] Lowell. -- Tiger lily (Bot.), Lilium tigrinum, the sepals of which are blotched with black. -- Turk's-cap lily (Bot.) Lilium Martagon, a red lily with recurved sepals; also, the similar American lily, L. superbum. -- Water lily (Bot.), the Nymphæa, a plant with floating roundish leaves, and large flowers having many petals, usually white, but sometimes pink, red, blue, or yellow. [See Illust. of Nymphæa.]

LILY-HANDED Lil"y-hand`ed, a.

Defn: Having white, delicate hands.

LILY-LIVERED Lil"y-liv`ered, a.

Defn: White-livered; cowardly.

LILYWORT Lil"y*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the Lily family or order. Lindley.

LIM Lim, n. Etym: [See Limb.]

Defn: A limb. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LIMA Li"ma, n.

Defn: The capital city of Peru, in South America. Lima bean. (Bot.) (a) A variety of climbing or pole bean (Phaseolus lunatus), which has very large flattish seeds. (b) The seed of this plant, much used for food. -- Lima wood (Bot.), the beautiful dark wood of the South American tree Cæsalpinia echinata.

LIMACEOUS Li*ma"ceous, a. Etym: [L. limax, limacis, slug, snail: cf. F. limacé.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, Limax, or the slugs.

LIMACINA Lim`a*ci"na, n. Etym: [NL., From L. limax, limacis, a slug.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small spiral pteropods, common in the Arctic and Antarctic seas. It contributes to the food of the right whales.

LIMACON Li`ma`con", n. Etym: [F. limacon, lit., a snail.] (Geom.)

Defn: A curve of the fourth degree, invented by Pascal. Its polar equation is r = a cos + b.

LIMAILLE Li"maille, n. Etym: [F., fr. limer to file. See Limation.]

Defn: Filings of metal. [Obs.] "An ounce . . . of silver lymaille." Chaucer.

LIMAN Li"man, n. Etym: [F. limon, fr. L. limus slime.]

Defn: The deposit of slime at the mouth of a river; slime.

LIMATION Li*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. limatus, p. p. of limare to file, fr. lima file : cf. F. limation.]

Defn: The act of filing or polishing.

LIMATURE Li"ma*ture, n. Etym: [L. limatura. See Limation.]

1. The act of filing.

2. That which is filed off; filings. Johnson.

LIMAX Li"max, n. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of airbreathing mollusks, including the common garden slugs. They have a small rudimentary shell. The breathing pore is on the right side of the neck. Several species are troublesome in gardens. See Slug.

LIMB Limb, n. Etym: [OE. lim, AS. lim; akin to Icel. limr limb, lim branch of a tree, Sw. & Dan. lem limb; cf. also AS. li, OHG. lid, gilid, G. glied, Goth. lipus. Cf. Lith, Limber.]

1. A part of a tree which extends from the trunk and separates into branches and twigs; a large branch.

2. An arm or a leg of a human being; a leg, arm, or wing of an animal. A second Hector for his grim aspect, And large proportion of his strong-knit limbs. Shak.

3. A thing or person regarded as a part or member of, or attachment to, something else. Shak. That little limb of the devil has cheated the gallows. Sir W. Scott.

4. An elementary piece of the mechanism of a lock. Limb of the law, a lawyer or an officer of the law. [Colloq.] Landor.

LIMB Limb, v. t.

1. To supply with limbs. [R.] Milton.

2. To dismember; to tear off the limbs of.

LIMB Limb, n. Etym: [L. limbus border. Cf. Limbo, Limbus.]

Defn: A border or edge, in certain special uses. (a) (Bot.) The border or upper spreading part of a monopetalous corolla, or of a petal, or sepal; blade. (b) (Astron.) The border or edge of the disk of a heavenly body, especially of the sun and moon. (c) The graduated margin of an arc or circle, in an instrument for measuring angles.

LIMBAT Lim"bat, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A cooling periodical wind in the Isle of Cyprus, blowing from the northwest from eight o'clock, A. M., to the middle of the day or later.

LIMBATE Lim"bate, a. Etym: [L. limbatus, fr. limbus border, edge. See Limbus.] (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Bordered, as when one color is surrounded by an edging of another.

LIMBEC Lim"bec, n. Etym: [Abbrev. of alembic.]

Defn: An alembic; a still. [Obs.] Spenser. Shak.

LIMBEC Lim"bec, v. t.

Defn: To distill. [Obs.] Dryden.

LIMBED Limbed, a.

Defn: Having limbs; -- much used in composition; as, large-limbed; short-limbed. Innumerous living creatures, perfect forms, Limbed and full grown. Milton.

LIMBER Lim"ber, n. Etym: [For limmer, Icel. limar branches, boughs, pl. of lim; akin to E. limb. See Limb a branch.]

1. pl.

Defn: The shafts or thills of a wagon or carriage. [Prov. Eng.]

2. (Mil.)

Defn: The detachable fore part of a gun carriage, consisting of two wheels, an axle, and a shaft to which the horses are attached. On top is an ammunition box upon which the cannoneers sit.

3. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: Gutters or conduits on each side of the keelson to afford a passage for water to the pump well. Limber boards (Naut.), short pieces of plank forming part of the lining of a ship's floor immediately above the timbers, so as to prevent the limbers from becoming clogged. -- Limber box or chest (Mil.), a box on the limber for carrying ammunition. -- Limber rope, Limber chain or Limber clearer (Naut.), a rope or chain passing through the limbers of a ship, by which they may be cleared of dirt that chokes them. Totten. -- Limber strake (Shipbuilding), the first course of inside planking next the keelson.

LIMBER Lim"ber v. t. [imp. & p. p. Limbered; p. pr. & vb. n. Limbering.] (Mil.)

Defn: To attach to the limber; as, to limber a gun. To limber up, to change a gun carriage into a four-wheeled vehicle by attaching the limber.

LIMBER Lim"ber, a. Etym: [Akin to lim, a. Limp, a.]

Defn: Easily bent; flexible; pliant; yielding. Milton. The bargeman that doth row with long and limber oar. Turbervile.

LIMBER Lim"ber, v. t.

Defn: To cause to become limber; to make flexible or pliant. Richardson.

LIMBERNESS Lim"ber*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being limber; flexibleness. Boyle.

LIMBLESS Limb"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of limbs.

LIMBMEAL Limb"meal`, adv. Etym: [See Limb, and Piecemeal.]

Defn: Piecemeal. [Obs.] "To tear her limbmeal." Shak.

LIMBO; LIMBUS Lim"bo, Lim"bus, n. Etym: [L. limbus border, edge in limbo on the border. Cf. Limb border.]

1. (Scholastic Theol.)

Defn: An extramundane region where certain classes of souls were supposed to await the judgment. As far from help as Limbo is from bliss. Shak. A Limbo large and broad, since called The Paradise of fools. Milton.

Note: The limbus patrum was considered as a place for the souls of good men who lived before the coming of our Savior. The limbus infantium was said to be a similar place for the souls of unbaptized infants. To these was added, in the popular belief, the limbus fatuorum, or fool's paradise, regarded as a receptacle of all vanity and nonsense.

2. Hence: Any real or imaginary place of restraint or confinement; a prison; as, to put a man in limbo.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: A border or margin; as, the limbus of the cornea. Etym: Jamaican E limba to bend, fr. E. limber (1950)]. Often performed at celebrations, such as weddings. (1950-1996)

LIMBOUS Lim"bous, a. Etym: [See Limbus.] (Anat.)

Defn: With slightly overlapping borders; -- said of a suture.

LIMBURG CHEESE; LIMBURGER; LIMBURGER CHEESE Lim"burg cheese, Lim"burg*er, n., Lim"burg*er cheese.

Defn: A soft cheese made in the Belgian province of Limburg (Limbourg), and usually not eaten until the curing has developed a peculiar and, to most people, unpleasant odor.

LIME Lime, n. Etym: [See Leam a string.]

Defn: A thong by which a dog is led; a leash. Halliwell.

LIME Lime, n. Etym: [Formerly line, for earlier lind. See Linden.] (Bot.)

Defn: The linden tree. See Linden.

LIME Lime, n. Etym: [F. lime; of Persian origin. See Lemon.] (Bot.)

Defn: A fruit allied to the lemon, but much smaller; also, the tree which bears it. There are two kinds; Citrus Medica, var. acida which is intensely sour, and the sweet lime (C. Medica, var. Limetta) which is only slightly sour.

LIME Lime, n. Etym: [AS. lim; akin to D. lijm, G. leim, OHG. lim, L. limus mud, linere to smear, and E. loam. . Cf. Loam, Liniment.]

1. Birdlime. Like the lime That foolish birds are caught with. Wordsworth.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Oxide of calcium; the white or gray, caustic substance, usually called quicklime, obtained by calcining limestone or shells, the heat driving off carbon dioxide and leaving lime. It develops great heat when treated with water, forming slacked lime, and is an essential ingredient of cement, plastering, mortar, etc.CaO

Note: Lime is the principal constituent of limestone, marble, chalk, bones, shells, etc. Caustic lime, calcium hydrate or slacked lime; also, in a less technical sense, calcium oxide or quicklime. -- Lime burner, one who burns limestone, shells, etc., to make lime. -- Lime light. See Calcium light under Calcium. -- Lime pit, a limestone quarry. -- Lime rod, Lime twig, a twig smeared with birdlime; hence, that which catches; a snare. Chaucer.

LIME Lime, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Limed; p. pr. & vb. n. Liming.] Etym: [Cf. AS. geliman to glue or join together. See Lime a viscous substance.]

1. To smear with a viscous substance, as birdlime. These twigs, in time, will come to be limed. L'Estrange.

2. To entangle; to insnare. We had limed ourselves With open eyes, and we must take the chance. Tennyson.

3. To treat with lime, or oxide or hydrate of calcium; to manure with lime; as, to lime hides for removing the hair; to lime sails in order to whiten them. Land may be improved by draining, marling, and liming. Sir J. Child.

4. To cement. "Who gave his blood to lime the stones together." Shak.

LIMEHOUND Lime"hound`, n. Etym: [Lime a leash + hound.]

Defn: A dog used in hunting the wild boar; a leamer. Spenser.

LIMEKILN Lime"kiln`, n.

Defn: A kiln or furnace in which limestone or shells are burned and reduced to lime.

LIMELIGHT Lime"light`, n. (Theat.)

Defn: That part of the stage upon which the limelight as cast, usually where the most important action is progressing or where the leading player or players are placed and upon which the attention of the spectators is therefore concentrated. Hence, consspicuous position before the public; as, politicians who are never happy except in the limelight.

LIMENEAN Li*men"e*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Lima, or to the inhabitants of Lima, in Peru. -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Lima.

LIMER Lim"er, n.

Defn: A limehound; a limmer. Chaucer.

LIMERICK Lim"er*ick, n. [Said to be from a song with the same verse construction, current in Ireland, the refrain of which contains the place name Limerick.]

Defn: A nonsense poem of five anapestic lines, of which lines 1, 2, and 5 are of there feet, and rime, and lines 3 and 4 are of two feet, and rime; as --

There was a young lady, Amanda, Whose Ballades Lyriques were quite fin de Siècle, I deem But her Journal Intime Was what sent her papa to Uganda.

LIMESTONE Lime"stone`, n.

Defn: A rock consisting chiefly of calcium carbonate or carbonate of lime. It sometimes contains also magnesium carbonate, and is then called magnesian or dolomitic limestone. Crystalline limestone is called marble.

LIME TWIG Lime twig

Defn: . See under 4th Lime.

LIME-TWIGGED Lime"-twigged`, a.

Defn: Beset with snares; insnared, as with birdlime. L. Addison.

LIMEWATER Lime"wa`ter, n.

Defn: Water impregnated with lime; esp., an artificial solution of lime for medicinal purposes.

LIMICOLAE Li*mic"o*læ, n. pl. Etym: [L. limicola a dweller in the mud; limus mud + colere to dwell.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of shore birds, embracing the plovers, sandpipers, snipe, curlew, etc. ; the Grallæ.

LIMICOLINE Li*mic"o*line, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Shore-inhabiting; of or pertaining to the Limicolæ.

LIMINESS Lim"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being limy.

LIMIT Lim"it, n. Etym: [From L. limes, limitis: cf. F.limite; -or from E. limit, v. See Limit, v. t.]

1. That which terminates, circumscribes, restrains, or confines; the bound, border, or edge; the utmost extent; as, the limit of a walk, of a town, of a country; the limits of human knowledge or endeavor. As eager of the chase, the maid Beyond the forest's verdant limits strayed. Pope.

2. The space or thing defined by limits. The archdeacon hath divided it Into three limits very equally. Shak.

3. That which terminates a period of time; hence, the period itself; the full time or extent. The dateless limit of thy dear exile. Shak. The limit of your lives is out. Shak.

4. A restriction; a check; a curb; a hindrance. I prithee, give no limits to my tongue. Shak.

5. (Logic & Metaph.)

Defn: A determining feature; a distinguishing characteristic a differentia.

6. (Math.)

Defn: A determinate quantity, to which a variable one continually approaches, and may differ from it by less than any given difference, but to which, under the law of variation, the variable can never become exactly equivalent. Elastic limit. See under Elastic. -- Prison limits, a definite, extent of space in or around a prison, within which a prisoner has liberty to go and come.

Syn. -- Boundary; border; edge; termination; restriction; bound; confine.

LIMIT Lim"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Limited; p. pr. & vb. n. Limiting.] Etym: [F. limiter, L. limitare, fr. limes, limitis, limit; prob. akin to limen threshold, E. eliminate; cf. L. limus sidelong.]

Defn: To apply a limit to, or set a limit for; to terminate, circumscribe, or restrict, by a limit or limits; as, to limit the acreage of a crop; to limit the issue of paper money; to limit one's ambitions or aspirations; to limit the meaning of a word. Limiting parallels (Astron.), those parallels of latitude between which only an occultation of a star or planet by the moon, in a given case, can occur.

LIMIT Lim"it, v. i.

Defn: To beg, or to exercise functions, within a certain limited region; as, a limiting friar. [Obs.]

LIMITABLE Lim"it*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being limited.

LIMITANEOUS Lim`i*ta"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. limitancus. See Limit, v. t.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a limit. [Obs.]

LIMITARIAN Lim`i*ta"ri*an, a.

Defn: Tending to limit.

LIMITARY Lim"i*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L.limitaris. See Limit , v. t.]

1. Placed at the limit, as a guard. "Proud limitary cherub." Milton.

2. Confined within limits; limited in extent, authority, power, etc. "The limitary ocean." Trench. The poor, limitary creature calling himself a man of the world. De Quincey.

3. Limiting, or tending to limit; restrictive. Doctrines limitary, if not subversive of the papal power. Milman.

LIMITARY Lim"i*ta*ry, n.; pl. -ries (.

1. That which serves to limit; a boundary; border land. [Obs.] Fuller.

2. A limiter. See Limiter, 2.

LIMITATE Lim"i*tate, a. Etym: [L. limitatus, p. p. of limitare to limit. See Limit, v. t. ]

Defn: Bounded by a distinct line.

LIMITATION Lim`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. limitatio: cf. F. Limitation. See Limit, v. t.]

1. The act of limiting; the state or condition of being limited; as, the limitation of his authority was approved by the council. They had no right to mistake the limitation . . . of their own faculties, for an inherent limitation of the possible modes of existence in the universe. J. S. Mill.

2. That which limits; a restriction; a qualification; a restraining condition, defining circumstance, or qualifying conception; as, limitations of thought. The cause of error is ignorance what restraints and limitations all principles have in regard of the matter whereunto they are applicable. Hooker.

3. A certain precinct within which friars were allowed to beg, or exercise their functions; also, the time during which they were permitted to exercise their functions in such a district. Chaucer. Latimer.

4. A limited time within or during which something is to be done. You have stood your limitation, and the tribunes Endue you with the people's voice. Shak.

5. (Law) (a) A certain period limited by statute after which the claimant shall not enforce his claims by suit. (b) A settling of an estate or property by specific rules. (c) A restriction of power; as, a constitutional limitation. Wharton. Bouvier. To know one's own limitations, to know the reach and limits of one's abilities. A. R. Wallace.

LIMITED Lim"it*ed, a.

Defn: Confined within limits; narrow; circumscribed; restricted; as, our views of nature are very limited. Limited company, a company in which the liability of each shareholder is limited by the number of shares he has taken, so that he can not be called on to contribute beyond the amount of his shares. [Eng.] Mozley & W.

LIMITEDLY Lim"it*ed*ly, adv.

Defn: With limitation.

LIMITEDNESS lim"it*ed*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being limited.

LIMITER Lim"it*er, n.

1. One who, or that which, limits.

2. A friar licensed to beg within certain bounds, or whose duty was limited to a certain district. [Formerly written also limitour.] Chaucer. A limitour of the Gray Friars, in the time of his limitation, preached many times, and had one sermon at all times. Latimer.

LIMITIVE Lim"it*ive, a.

Defn: Involving a limit; as, a limitive law, one designed to limit existing powers. [R.]

LIMITLESS Lim"it*less, a.

Defn: Having no limits; unbounded; boundless. Davies (Wit's Pilgr.).

LIMITOUR Lim"it*our, n.

Defn: See Limiter, 2.

LIMMER Lim"mer, a.

Defn: Limber. [Obs.] Holland.

LIMMER Lim"mer, n. Etym: [F. limier. See Leamer.]

1. A limehound; a leamer.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A mongrel, as a cross between the mastiff and hound.

3. A low, base fellow; also, a prostitute. [Scot.] Thieves, limmers, and broken men of the Highlands. Sir W. Scott.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A man rope at the side of a ladder.

LIMN Limn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Limned; p. pr. & vb. n. Limning.] Etym: [OE. limnen, fr. luminen, for enluminen, F. enluminer to illuminate, to limn, LL. illuminare to paint. Illuminate, Luminous.]

1. To draw or paint; especially, to represent in an artistic way with pencil or brush. Let a painter carelessly limn out a million of faces, and you shall find them all different. Sir T. Browne.

2. To illumine, as books or parchments, with ornamental figures, letters, or borders.

LIM NAEA Lim *næ"a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fresh-water air-breathing mollusks, abundant in ponds and streams; -- called also pond snail. [Written also Lymnæa.]

LIMNER Lim"ner, n. Etym: [F. enlumineur, LL. illuminator. See Limn, and cf. Alluminor.]

Defn: A painter; an artist; esp.: (a) One who paints portraits. (b) One who illuminates books. [Archaic]

LIMNIAD Lim"ni*ad, n. Etym: [Gr. (Myth.)

Defn: See Limoniad.

LIMNING Lim"ning, n.

Defn: The act, process, or art of one who limns; the picture or decoration so produced. Adorned with illumination which we now call limning. Wood.

LIMOGES Li*moges", n.

Defn: A city of Southern France. Limoges enamel, a kind of enamel ware in which the enamel is applied to the whole surface of a metal plaque, vase, or the like, and painted in enamel colors. The art was brought to a high degree of perfection in Limoges in the 16th century. -- Limoges ware. (a) Articles decorated with Limoges enamel. (b) Articles of porcelain, etc., manufactured at Limoges.

LIMONIAD Li*mo"ni*ad, n. Etym: [L. limoniades, pl., Gr. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A nymph of the meadows; -- called also Limniad.

LIMONIN Li*mo"nin, n. Etym: [From NL. Citrus Medica, var. Limonum, the scientific name of the lemon.] (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter, white, crystalline substance found in orange and lemon seeds.

LIMONITE Li"mon*ite, n. Etym: [Gr. limonite, G. limonit.] (Min.)

Defn: Hydrous sesquixoide of iron, an important ore of iron, occurring in stalactitic, mammillary, or earthy forms, of a dark brown color, yellowish brown powder. It includes bog iron. Also called brown hematite.

LIMOSIS Li*mo"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A ravenous appetite caused by disease; excessive and morbid hunger.

LIMOUS Li"mous, a. Etym: [L. limosus, fr. limus slime, mud.]

Defn: Muddy; slimy; thick. Sir T. Browne.

LIMOUSINE Li`mou*sine", n. [Cf. F. limousine a kind of cloak, fr. Limousin, an old province in central France.]

Defn: An automobile body with seats and permanent top like a coupé, and with the top projecting over the driver and a projecting front; also, an automobile with such a body.

LIMP Limp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Limped; p. pr. & vb. n. Limping.] Etym: [Cf. AS. lemphealt lame, OHG. limphen to limp, be weak; perh. akin to E. lame, or to limp, a

Defn: To halt; to walk lamely. Also used figuratively. Shak.

LIMP Limp, n.

Defn: A halt; the act of limping.

LIMP Limp, n. (Ore Washing)

Defn: A scraper for removing poor ore or refuse from the sieve.

LIMP Limp, a. Etym: [Cf. Icel. limpa limpness, weakness, and E.lap, n., lop, v. t. Cf. Limber, a.]

1. Flaccid; flabby, as flesh. Walton.

2. Lacking stiffness; flimsy; as, a limp cravat.

LIMPER Limp"er, n.

Defn: One who limps.

LIMPET Lim"pet, n. Etym: [Prob. through French fr. L. lepas, -adis, Gr. (Zoöl.)

1. In a general sense, any hatshaped, or conical, gastropod shell.

2. Any one of many species of marine shellfish of the order Docoglossa, mostly found adhering to rocks, between tides.

Note: The common European limpets of the genus Patella (esp. P. vulgata) are extensively used as food. The common New England species is Acmæa testudinalis. Numerous species of limpets occur on the Pacific coast of America, some of them of large size.

3. Any species of Siphonaria, a genus of limpet-shaped Pulmonifera, living between tides, on rocks.

4. A keyhole limpet. See Fissurella.

LIMPID Lim"pid, a. Etym: [L.limpidus; akin to Gr. limpide. Cf. Lamp.]

Defn: Characterized by clearness or transparency; clear; as, a limpid stream. Springs which were clear, fresh, and limpid. Woodward.

Syn. -- Clear; transparent; pellucid; lucid; pure; crystal; translucent; bright.

LIMPIDITY Lim*pid"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. limpiditas: cf. F. limpidité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being limpid.

LIMPIDNESS Lim"pid*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being limpid; limpidity.

LIMPIN Lim"pin, n.

Defn: A limpet. [Obs.] Holland.

LIMPINGLY Limp"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a limping manner.

LIMPITUDE Limp"i*tude, n.

Defn: Limpidity. [Obs.]

LIMPKIN Limp"kin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Either one of two species of wading birds of the genus Aramus, intermediate between the cranes and rails. The limpkins are remarkable for the great length of the toes. One species (A. giganteus) inhabits Florida and the West Indies; the other (A. scolopaceus) is found in South America. Called also courlan, and crying bird.

LIMPNESS Limp"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being limp.

LIMPSY; LIMSY Limp"sy, Lim"sy, a. Etym: [See Limp, a., and cf. W. llymsi having a fickle motion, weak. Cf. Flimsy.]

Defn: Limp; flexible; flimsy. [Local, U. S.]

LIMU Li"mu, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The Hawaiian name for seaweeds. Over sixty kinds are used as food, and have species names, as Limu Lipoa, Limu palawai, etc.

LIMULE Lim"ule, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A limulus.

LIMULOIDEA Lim`u*loi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Limulus, and -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Merostomata, including among living animals the genus Limulus, with various allied fossil genera, mostly of the Carboniferous period. Called also Xiphosura.

Note: There are six pairs of leglike organs, surrounding the mouth, most of which terminate in claws; those of the first pair (probably mandibles) are the smallest; the others have the basal joints thickened and spinose, to serve as jaws, while the terminal joints serve as legs. This group is intermediate, in some characteristics, between crustaceans and certain arachnids (scorpions), but the respiration is by means of lamellate gills borne upon the five posterior abdominal appendages, which are flat and united in pairs by their inner edges, and are protected by the lidlike anterior pair, which also bear the genital orifices.

LIMULUS Lim"u*lus, n.; pl. Limuli (-li). Etym: [L., dim. of limus sidelong, askance.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The only existing genus of Merostomata. It includes only a few species from the East Indies, and one (Limulus polyphemus) from the Atlantic coast of North America. Called also Molucca crab, king crab, horseshoe crab, and horsefoot.

LIMY Lim"y, a. Etym: [See 4th Lime.]

1. Smeared with, or consisting of, lime; viscous. "Limy snares.' Spenser.

2. Containing lime; as, a limy soil.

3. Resembling lime; having the qualities of lime.

LIN Lin, v. i. Etym: [AS. linnan. See Lithe.]

Defn: To yield; to stop; to cease. [Obs. or Scot.] Marsion.

LIN Lin, n. Etym: [Ir. linn, or Gael. linne; akin to W. llyn a pool, pond, lake, but in senses 2 and 3 prob. from AS.hlynn torrent. Cf. Dunlin.]

1. A pool or collection of water, particularly one above or below a fall of water.

2. A waterfall, or cataract; as, a roaring lin.

3. A steep ravine.

Note: Written also linn and lyn.

LINAGE Lin"age, n.

Defn: See Lineage. [Obs.] Holland.

LINAMENT Lin"a*ment, n. Etym: [L. linamentum, fr. linum flax.] (Surg.)

Defn: Lint; esp., lint made into a tent for insertion into wounds or ulcers.

LINARITE Li*nar`ite, n. Etym: [So called because formerly supposed to occur at Linares, in Spain.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous sulphate of lead and copper occurring in bright blue monoclinic crystals.

LINCH Linch, n. Etym: [AS. hlinc a hill.]

Defn: A ledge; a right-angled projection.

LINCHI Lin"chi, n. Etym: [Native Chinese name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An esculent swallow.

LINCHPIN Linch"pin`, n. Etym: [AS. lynis the axletree; akin to D. luns linchpin, OS. lunisa, LG. lunse, G. lünse, OHG. lun peg, bolt.]

Defn: A pin used to prevent the wheel of a vehicle from sliding off the axletree.

LINCOLN GREEN Lin"coln green"

Defn: . A color of cloth formerly made in Lincoln, England; the cloth itself.

LINCTURE; LINCTUS Linc"ture, Linc"tus, n. Etym: [L. lingere, linctum, to lick.]

Defn: Medicine taken by licking with the tongue.

LIND Lind, n.

Defn: The linden. See Linden. Chaucer.

LINDEN Lin"den, n. Etym: [Orig. an adj. from lind linden tree, AS. lind; akin to D. & G. linde, OHG. linta, Icel., Sw., & Dan. lind. Cf. Lime linden.] (Bot.) (a) A handsome tree (Tilia Europæa), having cymes of light yellow flowers, and large cordate leaves. The tree is common in Europe. (b) In America, the basswood, or Tilia Americana.

LINDIA Lin"di*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A peculiar genus of rotifers, remarkable for the absence of ciliated disks. By some zoölogists it is thought to be like the ancestral form of the Arthropoda.

LINDIFORM Lin"di*form, a. Etym: [Lindia + -form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling the genus Lindia; -- said of certain apodous insect larvæ. [See Illust. under Larva.]

LINE Line, n. Etym: [OE. lin. See Linen.]

1. Flax; linen. [Obs.] "Garments made of line." Spenser.

2. The longer and fiber of flax.

LINE Line, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lined; p. pr. & vb. n. Lining.]

1. To cover the inner surface of; as, to line a cloak with silk or fur; to line a box with paper or tin. The inside lined with rich carnation silk. W. Browne.

2. To put something in the inside of; to fill; to supply, as a purse with money. The charge amounteth very high for any one man's purse, except lined beyond ordinary, to reach unto. Carew. Till coffee has her stomach lined. Swift.

3. To place persons or things along the side of for security or defense; to strengthen by adding; to fortify; as, to line works with soldiers. Line and new repair our towns of war With men of courage and with means defendant. Shak.

4. To impregnate; -- applied to brute animals. Creech. Lined gold, gold foil having a lining of another metal.

LINE Line, n. Etym: [OE. line, AS. line cable, hawser, prob. from L. linea a linen thread, string, line, fr. linum flax, thread, linen, cable; but the English word was influenced by F. ligne line, from the same L. word linea. See Linen.]

1. linen thread or string; a slender, strong cord; also, a cord of any thickness; a rope; a hawser; as, a fishing line; a line for snaring birds; a clothesline; a towline. Who so layeth lines for to latch fowls. Piers Plowman.

2. A more or less threadlike mark of pen, pencil, or graver; any long mark; as, a chalk line.

3. The course followed by anything in motion; hence, a road or route; as, the arrow descended in a curved line; the place is remote from lines of travel.

4. Direction; as, the line sight or vision.

5. A row of letters, words, etc., written or printed; esp., a row of words extending across a page or column.

6. A short letter; a note; as, a line from a friend.

7. (Poet.)

Defn: A verse, or the words which form a certain number of feet, according to the measure. In the preceding line Ulysses speaks of Nausicaa. Broome.

8. Course of conduct, thought, occupation, or policy; method of argument; department of industry, trade, or intellectual activity. He is uncommonly powerful in his own line, but it is not the line of a first-rate man. Coleridge.

9. (Math.)

Defn: That which has length, but not breadth or thickness.

10. The exterior limit of a figure, plat, or territory; boundary; contour; outline. Eden stretched her line From Auran eastward to the royal towers Of great Seleucia. Milton.

11. A threadlike crease marking the face or the hand; hence, characteristic mark. Though on his brow were graven lines austere. Byron. He tipples palmistry, and dines On all her fortune-telling lines. Cleveland.

12. Lineament; feature; figure. "The lines of my boy's face." Shak.

13. A straight row; a continued series or rank; as, a line of houses, or of soldiers; a line of barriers. Unite thy forces and attack their lines. Dryden.

14. A series or succession of ancestors or descand ants of a given person; a family or race; as, the ascending or descending line; the line of descent; the male line; a line of kings. Of his lineage am I, and his offspring By very line, as of the stock real. Chaucer.

15. A connected series of public conveyances, and hence, an established arrangement for forwarding merchandise, etc. ; as, a line of stages; an express line.

16. (Geog.) (a) A circle of latitude or of longitude, as represented on a map. (b) The equator; -- usually called the line, or equinoctial line; as, to cross the line.

17. A long tape, or a narrow ribbon of steel, etc., marked with subdivisions, as feet and inches, for measuring; a tapeline.

18. (Script.) (a) A measuring line or cord. He marketh it out with a line. Is. xliv. 13.

(b) That which was measured by a line, as a field or any piece of land set apart; hence, allotted place of abode. The lines are fallen unto me in pleasant places; yes. I have a goodly heritage. Ps. xvi. 6.

(c) Instruction; doctrine. Their line is gone out through all the earth. Ps. xix. 4.

19. (Mach.)

Defn: The proper relative position or adjustment of parts, not as to design or proportion, but with reference to smooth working; as, the engine is in line or out of line or out of line.

20. The track and roadbed of a railway; railroad.

21. (Mil.) (a) A row of men who are abreast of one another, whether side by side or some distance apart; -- opposed to column. (b) The regular infantry of an army, as distinguished from militia, guards, volunteer corps, cavalry, artillery, etc.

22. (Fort.) (a) A trench or rampart. (b) pl.

Defn: Dispositions made to cover extended positions, and presenting a front in but one direction to an enemy.

23. pl. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: form of a vessel as shown by the outlines of vertical, horizontal, and obique sections.

24. (Mus.)

Defn: One of the straight horizontal and parallel prolonged strokes on and between which the notes are placed.

25. (Stock Exchange)

Defn: A number of shares taken by a jobber.

26. (Trade)

Defn: A series of various qualities and values of the same general class of articles; as, a full line of hosiery; a line of merinos, etc. McElrath.

27. The wire connecting one telegraphic station with another, or the whole of a system of telegraph wires under one management and name.

28. pl.

Defn: The reins with which a horse is guided by his driver. [U. S.]

29. A measure of length; one twelfth of an inch. Hard lines, hard lot. C. Kingsley. [See Def. 18.] -- Line breeding (Stockbreeding), breeding by a certain family line of descent, especially in the selection of the dam or mother. -- Line conch (Zoöl.), a spiral marine shell (Fasciolaria distans), of Florida and the West Indies. It is marked by narrow, dark, revolving lines. -- Line engraving. (a) Engraving in which the effects are produced by lines of different width and closeness, cut with the burin upon copper or similar material; also, a plate so engraved. (b) A picture produced by printing from such an engraving. -- Line of battle. (a) (Mil Tactics) The position of troops drawn up in their usual order without any determined maneuver. (b) (Naval) The line or arrangement formed by vessels of war in an engagement. -- Line of battle ship. See Ship of the line, below. -- Line of beauty (Fine Arts),an abstract line supposed to be beautiful in itself and absolutely; -- differently represented by different authors, often as a kind of elongated S (like the one drawn by Hogarth). -- Line of centers. (Mach.) (a) A line joining two centers, or fulcra, as of wheels or levers. (b) A line which determines a dead center. See Dead center, under Dead. -- Line of dip (Geol.), a line in the plane of a stratum, or part of a stratum, perpendicular to its intersection with a horizontal plane; the line of greatest inclination of a stratum to the horizon. -- Line of fire (Mil.), the direction of fire. -- Line of force (Physics), any line in a space in which forces are acting, so drawn that at every point of the line its tangent is the direction of the resultant of all the forces. It cuts at right angles every equipotential surface which it meets. Specifically (Magnetism), a line in proximity to a magnet so drawn that any point in it is tangential with the direction of a short compass needle held at that point. Faraday. -- Line of life (Palmistry), a line on the inside of the hand, curving about the base of the thumb, supposed to indicate, by its form or position, the length of a person's life. -- Line of lines. See Gunter's line. -- Line of march. (Mil.) (a) Arrangement of troops for marching. (b) Course or direction taken by an army or body of troops in marching. -- Line of operations, that portion of a theater of war which an army passes over in attaining its object. H. W. Halleck. -- Line of sight (Firearms), the line which passes through the front and rear sight, at any elevation, when they are sighted at an object. -- Line tub (Naut.), a tub in which the line carried by a whaleboat is coiled. -- Mason and Dixon's line, the boundary line between Pennsylvania and Maryland, as run before the Revolution (1764-1767) by two English astronomers named Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon. In an extended sense, the line between the free and the slave States. -- On the line, on a level with the eye of the spectator; -- said of a picture, as hung in an exhibition of pictures. -- Right line a picture, as hung in an exhibition of pictures. -- Right line, a straight line; the shortest line that can be drawn between two points. -- Ship of the line, formerly, a ship of war large enough to have a place in the line of battle; a vessel superior to a frigate; usually, a seventy-four, or three-decker; -- called also line of battle ship. Totten. -- To cross the line, to cross the equator, as a vessel at sea. -- To give a person line, to allow him more or less liberty until it is convenient to stop or check him, like a hooked fish that swims away with the line. -- Water line (Shipbuilding), the outline of a horizontal section of a vessel, as when floating in the water.

LINE Line, v. t.

1. To mark with a line or lines; to cover with lines; as, to line a copy book. He had a healthy color in his cheeks, and his face, though lined, bore few traces of anxiety. Dickens.

2. To represent by lines; to delineate; to portray. [R.] "Pictures fairest lined." Shak.

3. To read or repeat line by line; as, to line out a hymn. This custom of reading or lining, or, as it was frequently called "deaconing' the hymn or psalm in the churches, was brought about partly from necessity. N. D. Gould.

4. To form into a line; to align; as, to line troops. To line bees, to track wild bees to their nest by following their line of flight. -- To line up (Mach.), to put in alignment; to put in correct adjustment for smooth running. See 3d Line, 19.

LINEAGE Lin"e*age, n. Etym: [OE. linage, F. lignage, fr. L. linea line. See 3d Line.]

Defn: Descent in a line from a common progenitor; progeny; race; descending line of offspring or ascending line of parentage. Both the lineage and the certain sire From which I sprung, from me are hidden yet. Spenser.

LINEAL Lin"e*al, a. Etym: [L. linealis belonging to a line, fr. linea line: cf. F. linéal. See 3d Line.]

1. Descending in a direct line from an ancestor; hereditary; derived from ancestors; -- opposed to collateral; as, a lineal descent or a lineal descendant. The prime and ancient right of lineal succession. Locke.

2. Inheriting by direct descent; having the right by direct descent to succeed (to). For only you are lineal to the throne. Dryden.

3. Composed of lines; delineated; as, lineal designs.

4. In the direction of a line; of a line; of or pertaining to a line; measured on, or ascertained by, a line; linear; as, lineal magnitude. Lineal measure, the measure of length; -- usually written linear measure.

LINEALITY Lin`e*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being linea

LINEALLY Lin"e*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a lineal manner; as, the prince is lineally descended from the Conqueror.

LINEAMENT Lin"e*a*ment, n. Etym: [L. lineamentum, fr. linea line: cf. F. linéament. See 3d Line.]

Defn: One of the outlines, exterior features, or distinctive marks, of a body or figure, particularly of the face; feature; form; mark; - - usually in the plural. "The lineaments of the body." Locke. "Lineaments in the character." Swift. Man he seems In all his lineaments. Milton.

LINEAR Lin"e*ar, a. Etym: [L. linearis, linearius , fr. linea line: cf. F. linéaire. See 3d Line.]

1. Of or pertaining to a line; consisting of lines; in a straight direction; lineal.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Like a line; narrow; of the same breadth throughout, except at the extremities; as, a linear leaf. Linear differential (Math.), an equation which is of the first degree, when the expression which is equated to zero is regarded as a function of the dependent variable and its differential coefficients. -- Linear equation (Math.), an equation of the first degree between two variables; -- so called because every such equation may be considered as representing a right line. -- Linear measure, the measurement of length. -- Linear numbers (Math.), such numbers as have relation to length only: such is a number which represents one side of a plane figure. If the plane figure is square, the linear figure is called a root. -- Linear problem (Geom.), a problem which may be solved geometrically by the use of right lines alone. -- Linear transformation (Alg.), a change of variables where each variable is replaced by a function of the first degree in the new variable.

LINEARENSATE Lin`e*ar*en"sate, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the form of a sword, but very long and narrow.

LINEARLY Lin"e*ar*ly, adv.

Defn: In a linear manner; with lines.

LINEAR-SHAPED Lin"e*ar-shaped`, a.

Defn: Of a linear shape.

LINEARY Lin"e*a*ry, a.

Defn: Linear. Holland.

LINEATE; LINEATED Lin"e*ate, Lin"e*a`ted, a. Etym: [L. lineatus, p. p. of lineare to reduce to a straight line, fr. linea line.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Marked with lines.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Marked longitudinally with depressed parallel lines; as, a lineate leaf.

LINEATION Lin`e*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. lineatio the drawing of a line, fr. lineare.]

Defn: Delineation; a line or lines.

LINEATURE Lin"e*a*ture, n.

Defn: Anything having outline. [R.] Holland.

LINEMAN Line"man, n.; pl. Linemen (.

1. One who carried the line in surveying, etc.

2. A man employed to examine the rails of a railroad to see if they are in good condition; also, a man employed to repair telegraph lines.

LINEN Lin"en, a. Etym: [OE., fr. lin linen. See Linen, n.

1.]

Defn: Made of linen; as, linen cloth; a linen stocking.

2. Resembling linen cloth; white; pale.

LINEN Lin"en, n. Etym: [Prop. an adj. from OE. lin. flax, AS. lin flax, whence linen made of flax; akin to OS., Icel., & MHG. lin flax and linen, G. lein, leinen, linen, Sw. lin flax, Goth. lein linen, L. linum flax, linen, Gr. Line, Linseed.]

1. Thread or cloth made of flax or (rarely) of hemp; -- used in a general sense to include cambric, shirting, sheeting, towels, tablecloths, etc. "In linen white as milk." Robert of Brunne.

2. Underclothing, esp. the shirt, as being, in former times, chiefly made of linen. Linen draper, a dealer in linen. -- Linen prover, a small microscope for counting the threads in a given space in linen fabrics. -- Linen scroll, Linen pattern (Arch.), an ornament for filling panels, copied from the folds of a piece of stuff symmetrically disposed.

LINENER Lin"en*er, n.

Defn: A dealer in linen; a linen draper. [Obs.]

LINEOLATE Lin"e*o*late, a. Etym: [L. lineola, dim. of linea line.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Marked with little lines.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Marked longitudinally with fine lines. Gray.

LINER Lin"er, n.

1. One who lines, as, a liner of shoes.

2. A vessel belonging to a regular line of packets; also, a line-of- battle ship; a ship of the line.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: A thin piece placed between two parts to hold or adjust them, fill a space, etc., ; a shim.

4. (Steam Engine)

Defn: A lining within the cylinder, in which the piston works and between which and the outer shell of the cylinder a space is left to form a steam jacket.

5. A slab on which small pieces of marble, tile, etc., are fastened for grinding.

6. (Baseball)

Defn: A ball which, when struck, flies through the air in a nearly straight line not far from the ground.

LINE-UP; LINEUP Line"-up`, Line"up`, n.

Defn: The formation of football players before the start or a restart of play; hence (Colloq.),

Defn: any arrangement of persons (rarely, of things), esp. when having a common purpose or sentiment; as, the line-up at a ticket- office window; the line-up of political factions.

-LING -ling. Etym: [AS. -ling.]

Defn: A noun suffix, commonly having a diminutive or a depreciatory force; as in duck-ling, dosling, hireling, fosterling, firstling, underling.

-LING -ling

Defn: . An adverbial suffix; as, darkling, flatling.

LING Ling, n. Etym: [OE. lenge; akin to D. leng, G. länge, Dan. lange, Sw. l, Icel. langa. So named from its being long. See Long, a.] (Zoöl.) (a) A large, marine, gadoid fish (Molva vulgaris) of Northern Europe and Greenland. It is valued as a food fish and is largely salted and dried. Called also drizzle. (b) The burbot of Lake Ontario. (c) An American hake of the genus Phycis. [Canada] (d) A New Zealand food fish of the genus Genypterus. The name is also locally applied to other fishes, as the cultus cod, the mutton fish, and the cobia.

LING Ling, n. Etym: [Icel. lyng; akin to Dan. lyng, Sw. ljung.] (Bot.)

Defn: Heather (Calluna vulgaris). Ling honey, a sort of wild honey, made from the flowers of the heather. Holland.

LINGA; LINGAM Lin"ga, Lin"gam, n. Etym: [Skr. linga.]

Defn: The phallic symbol under which Siva is principally worshiped in his character of the creative and reproductive power. Whitworth. E. Arnold.

LING-BIRD Ling"-bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European meadow pipit; -- called also titling.

LINGEL Lin"gel, n. Etym: [F. ligneul, dim. of L. linea a linen thread.]

1. A shoemaker's thread. [Obs.]

2. A little tongue or thong of leather; a lacing for belts. Crabb.

LINGENCE Lin"gence, n. Etym: [L. lingere to lick.]

Defn: A linctus. [Obs.] Fuller.

LINGER Lin"ger, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lingered; p. pr. & vb. n. Lingering.] Etym: [OE. lengen to tarry, AS. lengan to prolong, put off, fr. lang long. Long, a.]

Defn: To delay; to loiter; to remain or wait long; to be slow or reluctant in parting or moving; to be slow in deciding; to be in suspense; to hesitate. Nor cast one longing, lingering look behind. Gray. Perhaps thou linger'st, in deep thoughts detained. Milton.

Syn. -- To loiter; lag; saunter; delay; tarry; stop; hesitate.

LINGER Lin"ger, v. t.

1. To protract; to draw out. [Obs.] She lingers my desires. Shak.

2. To spend or pass in lingering manner; -- with out; as, to linger out one's days on a sick bed. Dryden.

LINGERER Lin"ger*er, n.

Defn: One who lingers. Guardian.

LINGERIE Lin`ge*rie, n. [F.]

Defn: Linen goods collectively; linen underwear, esp. of women; the clothing of linen and cotton with its lace, etc., worn by a women.

LINGERING Lin"ger*ing, a.

1. Delaying.

2. Drawn out in time; remaining long; protracted; as, a lingering disease. To die is the fate of man; but to die with lingering anguish is generally his folly. Rambler.

LINGERINGLY Lin"ger*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With delay; slowly; tediously.

LINGET Lin"get, n. Etym: [F. lingot, perh. fr. L. lingua tongue (see Tongue). Cf. Ingot.]

Defn: An ingot. [Written also lingot.]

LINGISM Ling"ism, n.

Defn: A mode of treating certain diseases, as obesity, by gymnastics; -- proposed by Pehr Henrik Ling, a Swede. See Kinesiatrics.

LINGLE Lin"gle, n.

Defn: See Lingel.

LINGO Lin"go, n. Etym: [L. lingua tongue, language. See Lingual.]

Defn: Language; speech; dialect. [Slang]

LINGOA WOOD Lin*go"a wood`

Defn: . Amboyna wood.

LINGOT Lin"got, n.

Defn: A linget or ingot; also, a mold for casting metals. See Linget.

LINGUA Lin"gua, n.; pl. Linguæ. Etym: [L., the tongue.] (Zoöl.) (a) A tongue. (b) A median process of the labium, at the under side of the mouth in insects, and serving as a tongue.

LINGUACIOUS Lin*gua"cious, a. Etym: [L. linguax, -acis, loquacious, fr. lingua tongue.]

Defn: Given to the use of the tongue; loquacious. [Obs.]

LINGUADENTAL Lin`gua*den"tal, a. Etym: [L. lingua tongue + E. dental.] (Phonetics)

Defn: Formed or uttered by the joint use of the tongue and teeth, or rather that part of the gum just above the front teeth; dentolingual, as the letters d and t.

LINGUADENTAL Lin`gua*den"tal, n. (Phonetics)

Defn: An articulation pronounced by the aid or use of the tongue and teeth.

LINGUA FRANCA Lin"gua Fran"ca. Etym: [It., prop., language of the Franks.]

Defn: The commercial language of the Levant, -- a mixture of the language of the people of the region and foreign traders.

LINGUAL Lin"gual, a. Etym: [L. lingua tongue: cf. F. lingual. See Tongue, and cf. Language.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the tongue; uttered by the aid of the tongue; glossal; as, the lingual nerves; a lingual letter. Lingual ribbon. (Zoöl.) See Odontophore.

LINGUAL Lin"gual, n.

Defn: A consonant sound formed by the aid of the tongue; -- a term especially applied to certain articulations (as those of t, d, th, and n) and to the letters denoting them.

Note: In Sanskrit grammar certain letters, as t, th, d, dh, n, are called linguals, cerebrals, or cacuminals. They are uttered with the tip of the tongue turned up and drawn back into the dome of the palate.

LINGUALITY Lin*gual"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being lingual.

LINGUATULIDA Lin`gua*tu"li*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. lingua tongue.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Linguatulina.

LINGUATULINA Lin*guat`*u*li"na, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. lingua tongue.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of wormlike, degraded, parasitic arachnids. They have two pairs of retractile hooks, near the mouth. Called also Pentastomida.

Note: The adults of some species inhabit the nostrils and nasal sinuses of dogs and other carnivores. The young, after being swallowed by sheep, rabbits, etc., find their way to the lungs and liver and become encysted. These, when eaten by carnivores, develop into the adult forms.

LINGUIDENTAL Lin`gui*den"tal, a. & n.

Defn: Linguadental.

LINGUIFORM Lin"gui*form, a. Etym: [L. lingua tongue + -form: cf. F. linguiforme.]

Defn: Having the form of the tongue; tongue-shaped.

LINGUIST Lin"guist, n. Etym: [L. lingua tongue, speech, language: cf. F. linguiste.]

1. A master of the use of language; a talker. [Obs.] I'll dispute with him; He's a rare linguist. J. Webster.

2. A person skilled in languages. There too were Gibbon, the greatest historian, and Jones, the greatest linguist, of the age. Macaulay.

LINGUISTIC; LINGUISTICAL Lin*guis"tic, Lin*guis"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. linguistique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to language; relating to linguistics, or to the affinities of languages.

LINGUISTICALLY Lin*guis"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a linguistic manner; from the point of view of a linguist. Tylor.

LINGUISTICS Lin*guis"tics, n. Etym: [Cf. F. linguistique.]

Defn: The science of languages, or of the origin, signification, and application of words; glossology.

LINGULA Lin"gu*la, n.; pl. -læ. Etym: [L., a little tongue.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A tonguelike process or part.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of brachiopod shells belonging to the genus Lingula, and related genera. See Brachiopoda, and Illustration in Appendix. Lingula flags (Geol.), a group of strata in the lower Silurian or Cambrian system of Wales, in which some of the layers contain vast numbers of a species of Lingula.

LINGULATE Lin"gu*late, a. Etym: [L. lingulatus, fr. lingula a little tongue. Cf. Ligulate.]

Defn: Shaped like the tongue or a strap; ligulate.

LINIGEROUS Li*nig"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. linum flax + -gerous.]

Defn: Bearing flax; producing linen.

LINIMENT Lin"i*ment, n. Etym: [L. linimentum, fr. linire, linere, to besmear, anoint : cf. F. liniment. Cf. Letter, Lime a viscous substance.]

Defn: A liquid or semiliquid preparation of a consistence thinner than an ointment, applied to the skin by friction, esp. one used as a sedative or a stimulant.

LINING Lin"ing, n. Etym: [See Line to cover the in side.]

1. The act of one who lines; the act or process of making lines, or of inserting a lining.

2. That which covers the inner surface of anything, as of a garment or a box; also, the contents of anything. The lining of his coffers shall make coats To deck our soldiers. Shak.

LINK Link, n. Etym: [Prob. corrupted from lint and this for lunt a torch, match, D. lont match; akin to G. lunte, cf. MHG. lünden to burn. Cf. Lunt, Linstock.]

Defn: A torch made of tow and pitch, or the like. Shak.

LINK Link, n. Etym: [OE. linke, AS. hlence; akin to Sw. länk ring of a chain, Dan. lænke chain, Icel. hlekkr; cf. G. gelenk joint, link, ring of a chain, lenken to bend.]

1. A single ring or division of a chain.

2. Hence: Anything, whether material or not, which binds together, or connects, separate things; a part of a connected series; a tie; a bond. "Links of iron." Shak.

The link of brotherhood, by which One common Maker bound me to the kind. Cowper. And so by double links enchained themselves in lover's life. Gascoigne.

3. Anything doubled and closed like a link; as, a link of horsehair. Mortimer.

4. (Kinematics)

Defn: Any one of the several elementary pieces of a mechanism, as the fixed frame, or a rod, wheel, mass of confined liquid, etc., by which relative motion of other parts is produced and constrained.

5. (Mach.)

Defn: Any intermediate rod or piece for transmitting force or motion, especially a short connecting rod with a bearing at each end; specifically (Steam Engine), the slotted bar, or connecting piece, to the opposite ends of which the eccentric rods are jointed, and by means of which the movement of the valve is varied, in a link motion.

6. (Surveying)

Defn: The length of one joint of Gunter's chain, being the hundredth part of it, or 7.92 inches, the chain being 66 feet in length. Cf. Chain, n., 4.

7. (Chem.)

Defn: A bond of affinity, or a unit of valence between atoms; -- applied to a unit of chemical force or attraction.

8. pl.

Defn: Sausages; -- because linked together. [Colloq.]

LINK Link, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Linked; p. pr. & vb. n. Linking.]

Defn: To connect or unite with a link or as with a link; to join; to attach; to unite; to couple. All the tribes and nations that composed it [the Roman Empire] were linked together, not only by the same laws and the same government, but by all the facilities of commodious intercourse, and of frequent communication. Eustace.

LINK Link, v. i.

Defn: To be connected. No one generation could link with the other. Burke.

LINKAGE Link"age, n.

1. The act of linking; the state of being linked; also, a system of links.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Manner of linking or of being linked; -- said of the union of atoms or radicals in the molecule.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: A system of straight lines or bars, fastened together by joins, and having certain of their points fixed in a plane. It is used to describe straight lines and curves in the plane.

LINKBOY; LINKMAN Link"boy`, Link"man, n. Etym: [See 1st Link.]

Defn: A boy or man that carried a link or torch to light passengers.

LINK MOTION Link" mo"tion. (Steam Engine)

Defn: A valve gear, consisting of two eccentrics with their rods, giving motion to a slide valve by an adjustable connecting bar, called the link, in such a way that the motion of the engine can be reversed, or the cut-off varied, at will; -- used very generally in locomotives and marine engines.

Note: The illustration shows a link motion for a vertical engine, c representing the shaft carrying two eccentrics, a and b, for making the engine run forward and backward, respectively, their rods e and d being jointed to opposite ends of the slotted link f, in the opening of which is a pin g which is attached to the valve rod h. The valve will receive the motion of the forward eccentric when is in the position shown, and the motion of the backward eccentric when the link is shifted so far to the right as to bring e in line with h, or a compound motion derived from both eccentrics when the link is shifted to intermediate positions, the compound motion causing the valve to cut off the steam at a point determined by the position to which the link may have been shifted.

LINKS Links, n. [The pl. form of Link, but often construed as a sing.]

Defn: A tract of ground laid out for the game of golf; a golfing green.

A second links has recently been opened at Prestwick, and another at Troon, on the same coast. P. P. Alexander.

LINKWORK Link"work`, n.

1. A fabric consisting of links made of metal or other material fastened together; also, a chain. And thou shalt make hooks of gold, and two chains of fine gold; linkwork and wreathed. Udall.

2. Mechanism in which links, or intermediate connecting pieces, are employed to transmit motion from one part to another.

LINNAEA BOREALIS Lin*næ"a bo`re*a"lis. Etym: [NL.Linnaeus Linnæan + L. borealis northern.] (Bot.)

Defn: The twin flower which grows in cold northern climates.

LINNAEAN; LINNEAN Lin*næ"an, Lin*ne"an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Linnæus, the celebrated Swedish botanist. Linnaean system (Bot.), the system in which the classes are founded mainly upon the stamens, and the orders upon the pistils; the artificial or sexual system.

LINNAEITE Lin*næ"ite, n. Etym: [See Linnæan.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of pale steel-gray color and metallic luster, occurring in isometric crystals, and also massive. It is a sulphide of cobalt containing some nickel or copper.

LINNE Linne, n.

Defn: Flax. See Linen. [Obs.]

LINNET Lin"net, n. Etym: [F. linot, linotte, from L. linum flax; or perh. shortened from AS.linetwige, fr. AS. lin flax; -- so called because it feeds on the seeds of flax and hemp. See Linen.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of fringilline birds of the genera Linota, Acanthis, and allied genera, esp. the common European species (L. cannabina), which, in full summer plumage, is chestnut brown above, with the breast more or less crimson. The feathers of its head are grayish brown, tipped with crimson. Called also gray linnet, red linnet, rose linnet, brown linnet, lintie, lintwhite, gorse thatcher, linnet finch, and greater redpoll. The American redpoll linnet (Acanthis linaria) often has the crown and throat rosy. See Redpoll, and Twite. Green linnet (Zoöl.), the European green finch.

LINOLEATE Li*no"le*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of linoleic acid.

LINOLEIC Li*no"le*ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, linoleum, or linseed oil; specifically (Chem.), designating an organic acid, a thin yellow oil, found combined as a salt of glycerin in oils of linseed, poppy, hemp, and certain nuts.

LINOLEUM Li*no"le*um, n. Etym: [L. linum flax + oleum oil.]

1. Linseed oil brought to various degrees of hardness by some oxidizing process, as by exposure to heated air, or by treatment with chloride of sulphur. In this condition it is used for many of the purposes to which India rubber has been applied.

2. A kind of floor cloth made by laying hardened linseed oil mixed with ground cork on a canvas backing.

LINOTYPE Lin"o*type, n. [See Line ; Type.] (Print.) (a) A kind of typesetting machine which produces castings, each of which corresponds to a line of separate types. By pressing upon keys like those of a typewriter the matrices for one line are properly arranged; the stereotype, or slug, is then cast and planed, and the matrices are returned to their proper places, the whole process being automatic. (b) The slug produced by the machine, or matter composed in such lines. --Lin"o*typ`ist (#), n.

LINOXIN Li*nox"in, n. Etym: [Linoleic + oxygen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A resinous substance obtained as an oxidation product of linoleic acid. [Written also linoxyn.]

LINSANG Lin*sang", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any viverrine mammal of the genus Prionodon, inhabiting the East Indies and Southern Asia. The common East Indian linsang (P. gracilis) is white, crossed by broad, black bands. The Guinea linsang (Porana Richardsonii) is brown with black spots.

LINSEED Lin"seed`, n. Etym: [OE. lin flax + seed. See Linen.] (Bot.)

Defn: The seeds of flax, from which linseed oil is obtained. [Written also lintseed.] Linseed cake, the solid mass or cake which remains when oil is expressed. -- Linseed meal, linseed cake reduced to powder. -- Linseed oil, oil obtained by pressure from flaxseed.

LINSEY Lin"sey, n. Etym: [See Linen.]

Defn: Linsey-woolsey.

LINSEY-WOOLSEY Lin"sey-wool"sey, n.

1. Cloth made of linen and wool, mixed.

2. Jargon. [Obs.] Shak.

LINSEY-WOOLSEY Lin"sey-wool"sey, a.

Defn: Made of linen and wool; hence, of different and unsuitable parts; mean. Johnson.

LINSTOCK Lin"stock, n. Etym: [Corrupt. fr. luntstock, D. lonistok; lont lunt + stok stock, stick. See Link a torch, Lunt, and Stock.]

Defn: A pointed forked staff, shod with iron at the foot, to hold a lighted match for firing cannon. [Written also lintstock.]

LINT Lint, n. Etym: [AS. linet flax, hemp, fr. lin flax; or, perh. borrowed fr. L. linteum a linen cloth, linen, from linteus linen, a., fr. lineum flax, lint. See Linen.]

1. Flax.

2. Linen scraped or otherwise made into a soft, downy or fleecy substance for dressing wounds and sores; also, fine ravelings, down, fluff, or loose short fibers from yarn or fabrics. Lint doctor (Calico-printing Mach.), a scraper to remove lint from a printing cylinder.

LINTEL Lin"tel, n. Etym: [OE. lintel, F. linteau, LL. lintellus, for limitellus, a dim. fr. L. limes limit. See Limit.] (Arch.)

Defn: A horizontal member spanning an opening, and carrying the superincumbent weight by means of its strength in resisting crosswise fracture.

LINTIE; LINTWHITE Lin"tie, Lint"white`, n. Etym: [AS. linetwige. See Linnet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Linnet. Tennyson.

LINTSEED Lint"seed`, n.

Defn: See Linseed.

LINUM Li"num, n. Etym: [L., flax.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of herbaceous plants including the flax (Linum usitatissimum).

LION Li"on, n. Etym: [F. lion, L. leo, -onis, akin to Gr. Chameleon, Dandelion, Leopard.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large carnivorous feline mammal (Felis leo), found in Southern Asia and in most parts of Africa, distinct varieties occurring in the different countries. The adult male, in most varieties, has a thick mane of long shaggy hair that adds to his apparent size, which is less than that of the largest tigers. The length, however, is sometimes eleven feet to the base of the tail. The color is a tawny yellow or yellowish brown; the mane is darker, and the terminal tuft of the tail is black. In one variety, called the maneless lion, the male has only a slight mane.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A sign and a constellation; Leo.

3. An object of interest and curiosity, especially a person who is so regarded; as, he was quite a lion in London at that time. Such society was far more enjoyable than that of Edinburgh, for here he was not a lion, but a man. Prof. Wilson. American lion (Zoöl.), the puma or cougar. -- Lion ant (Zoöl.), the ant-lion. -- Lion dog (Zoöl.), a fancy dog with a flowing mane, usually clipped to resemble a lion's mane. -- Lion lizard (Zoöl.), the basilisk. -- Lion's share, all, or nearly all; the best or largest part; -- from Æsop's fable of the lion hunting in company with certain smaller beasts, and appropriating to himself all the prey.

LIONCED Li"onced, a. (Her.)

Defn: Adorned with lions heads; having arms terminating in lions' heads; -- said of a cross. [Written also leonced.]

LIONCEL Li"on*cel, n. Etym: [OE., F. lionceau, dim. of lion.] (Her.)

Defn: A small lion, especially one of several borne in the same coat of arms.

LIONEL Li"on*el, n. Etym: [OF., dim. of lion.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The whelp of a lioness; a young lion.

LIONESS Li"on*ess, n. Etym: [OF. lionesse.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A female lion.

LIONET Li"on*et, n. Etym: [OF., dim. of lion.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young or small lion.

LION-HEART Li"on-heart`, n.

Defn: A very brave person.

LION-HEARTED Li"on-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Very brave; brave and magnanimous. Sir W. Scott.

LIONHOOD Li"on*hood, n.

Defn: State of being a lion. Carlyle.

LIONISM Li"on*ism, n.

Defn: An attracting of attention, as a lion; also, the treating or regarding as a lion.

LIONIZE Li"on*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lionized, p. pr. & vb. n. Lionizing (.]

1. To treat or regard as a lion or object of great interest. J. D. Forbes.

2. To show the lions or objects of interest to; to conduct about among objects of interest. Macaulay.

LIONLIKE Li"on*like`, a.

Defn: Like a lion; brave as a lion.

LIONLY Li"on*ly, a.

Defn: Like a lion; fierce. [Obs.] Milton.

LION'S EAR Li"on's ear`. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given in Western South America to certain plants with shaggy tomentose leaves, as species of Culcitium, and Espeletia.

LION'S FOOT Li"on's foot`. (Bot.) (a) A composite plant of the genus Prenanthes, of which several species are found in the United States. (b) The edelweiss.

LIONSHIP Li"on*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being a lion.

LION'S LEAF Li"on's leaf`. (Bot.)

Defn: A South European plant of the genus Leontice (L. leontopetalum), the tuberous roots of which contain so much alkali that they are sometimes used as a substitute for soap.

LION'S TAIL Li"on's tail`. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of labiate plants (Leonurus); -- so called from a fancied resemblance of its flower spikes to the tuft of a lion's tail. L. Cardiaca is the common motherwort.

LION'S TOOTH Li"on's tooth`; pl. Lions' teeth (. (Bot.)

Defn: See Leontodon.

LIP Lip, n. Etym: [OE. lippe, AS. lippa; akin to D. lip, G. lippe, lefze, OHG. lefs, Dan. læbe, Sw. läpp, L. labium, labrum. Cf. Labial.]

1. One of the two fleshy folds which surround the orifice of the mouth in man and many other animals. In man the lips are organs of speech essential to certain articulations. Hence, by a figure they denote the mouth, or all the organs of speech, and sometimes speech itself. Thine own lips testify against thee. Jeb xv. 6.

2. An edge of an opening; a thin projecting part of anything; a kind of short open spout; as, the lip of a vessel.

3. The sharp cutting edge on the end of an auger.

4. (Bot.) (a) One of the two opposite divisions of a labiate corolla. (b) The odd and peculiar petal in the Orchis family. See Orchidaceous.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the edges of the aperture of a univalve shell. Lip bit, a pod auger. See Auger. -- Lip comfort, comfort that is given with words only. -- Lip comforter, one who comforts with words only. -- Lip labor, unfelt or insincere speech; hypocrisy. Bale. -- Lip reading, the catching of the words or meaning of one speaking by watching the motion of his lips without hearing his voice. Carpenter. -- Lip salve, a salve for sore lips. -- Lip service, expression by the lips of obedience and devotion without the performance of acts suitable to such sentiments. -- Lip wisdom, wise talk without practice, or unsupported by experience. -- Lip work. (a) Talk. (b) Kissing. [Humorous] B. Jonson. -- Lip make a lip, to drop the under lip in sullenness or contempt. Shak. -- To shoot out the lip (Script.), to show contempt by protruding the lip.

LIP Lip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lipped; p. pr. & vb. n. Lipping.]

1. To touch with the lips; to put the lips to; hence, to kiss. The bubble on the wine which breaks Before you lip the glass. Praed. A hand that kings Have lipped and trembled kissing. Shak.

2. To utter; to speak. [R.] Keats.

LIP Lip, v. t.

Defn: To clip; to trim. [Obs.] Holland.

LIPAEMIA Li*pæ"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A condition in which fat occurs in the blood.

LIPANS Li*pans", n. pl.; sing. Lipan (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of North American Inedians, inhabiting the northern part of Mexico. They belong to the Tinneh stock, and are closely related to the Apaches.

LIPARIAN Li*pa"ri*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of a family (Liparidæ) of destructive bombycid moths, as the tussock moths.

LIPARITE Lip"a*rite, n. Etym: [So called from Lipari, the island.] (Min.)

Defn: A quartzose trachyte; rhyolite.

LIPIC Lip"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, fat. The word was formerly used specifically to designate a supposed acid obtained by the oxidation of oleic acid, tallow, wax, etc.

LIPINIC Li*pin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Lipic.

LIPLESS Lip"less, a

Defn: , Having no lips.

LIPLET Lip"let, n.

Defn: A little lip.

LIPOCEPHALA Lip`o*ceph"a*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Lamellibranchia.

LIPOCHRIN Lip"o*chrin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A yellow coloring matter, soluble in ether, contained in the small round fat drops in the retinal epithelium cells. It is best obtained from the eyes of frogs.

LIPOGRAM Lip"o*gram, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A writing composed of words not having a certain letters; -- as in the Odyssey of Tryphiodorus there was no A in the first book, no B in the second, and so on.

LIPOGRAMMATIC Lip"o*gram*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. lipogrammatique.]

Defn: Omitting a letter; composed of words not having a certain letter or letters; as, lipogrammatic writings.

LIPOGRAMMATIST Lip`o*gram"ma*tist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lipogrammatiste.]

Defn: One who makes a lipogram.

LIPOMA Li*po"ma, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. -oma.] (Med.)

Defn: A tumor consisting of fat or adipose tissue. -- Li*pom"a*tous, a.

LIPOTHYMIC Li`po*thym"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. ,

Defn: Tending to swoon; fainting. [Written also leipothymic.]

LIPOTHYMOUS Li*poth"y*mous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining, or given, to swooning; fainting.

LIPOTHYMY Li*poth"y*my, n. Etym: [Gr. lipothymie.]

Defn: A fainting; a swoon. Jer. Taylor.

LIPPED Lipped, a.

1. Having a lip or lips; having a raised or rounded edge resembling the lip; -- often used in composition; as, thick-lipped, thin-lipped, etc.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Labiate.

LIPPITUDE Lip"pi*tude, n. Etym: [L. lippitudo, fr. lippus blear-eyed: cf. F. lippitude.]

Defn: Soreness of eyes; the state of being blear-eyes; blearedness.

LIPSE Lipse, v. i.

Defn: To lisp. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LIPYL Lip"yl, n. Etym: [Gr. -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical radical of glycerin. [Obs.] Berzelius.

LIQUABLE Liq"ua*ble, a. Etym: [l. liquabilis. See Liquate, v. i.]

Defn: Capable of being melted.

LIQUATE Li"quate, v. i. Etym: [L. liquatus, p. p. of liquare to melt.]

Defn: To melt; to become liquid. [Obs.] Woodward.

LIQUATE Li"quate, v. t. (Metal.)

Defn: To separate by fusion, as a more fusible from a less fusible material.

LIQUATION Li*qua"tion, n. Etym: [L. liquatio: cf. F. liquation.]

1. The act or operation of making or becoming liquid; also, the capacity of becoming liquid.

2. (Metal.)

Defn: The process of separating, by heat, an easily fusible metal from one less fusible; eliquation.

LIQUEFACIENT Liq`ue*fa"cient, n. Etym: [L. liquefaciens, p. pr. of liquefacere. See Liquefy.]

1. That which serves to liquefy.

2. (Med.)

Defn: An agent, as mercury, iodine, etc., which promotes the liquefying processes of the system, and increases the secretions.

LIQUEFACTION Liq`ue*fac"tion, n. Etym: [L. liquefactio: cf. F. liquéfaction. See Liquefy.]

1. The act or operation of making or becoming liquid; especially, the conversion of a solid into a liquid by the sole agency of heat.

2. The state of being liquid.

3. (Chem. Physics)

Defn: The act, process, or method, of reducing a gas or vapor to a liquid by cold or pressure; as, the liquefaction of oxygen or hydrogen.

LIQUEFIABLE Liq"ue*fi`a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. liquéfiable. See Liquefy.]

Defn: Capable of being changed from a solid to a liquid state.

LIQUEFIER Liq"ue*fi`er, n.

Defn: That which liquefies.

LIQUEFY Liq"ue*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Liquefied; p. pr. & vb. n. Liquefying.] Etym: [F. liquéfier, L. liquere to be liquid + facere, - ficare (in comp.), to make. See Liquid, and -fy.]

Defn: To convert from a solid form to that of a liquid; to melt; to dissolve; and technically, to melt by the sole agency of heat.

LIQUEFY Liq"ue*fy, v. i.

Defn: To become liquid.

LIQUESCENCY Li*ques"cen*cy, n. Etym: [See Liquescent.]

Defn: The quality or state of being liquescent. Johnson.

LIQUESCENT Li*ques"cent, a. Etym: [L. liquescens, p. pr. of liquescere to become liquid, incho. fr. liquere to be liquid.]

Defn: Tending to become liquid; inclined to melt to melt; melting.

LIQUEUR Li`queur", n. Etym: [F. See Liquor.]

Defn: An aromatic alcoholic cordial.

Note: Some liqueurs are prepared by infusing certain woods, fruits, or flowers, in either water or alcohol, and adding sugar, etc. Others are distilled from aromatic or flavoring agents.

LIQUID Liq"uid, a. Etym: [L. liquidus, fr. liquere to be fluid or liquid; cf. Skr. ri to ooze, drop, li to melt.]

1. Flowing freely like water; fluid; not solid. Yes, though he go upon the plane and liquid water which will receive no step. Tyndale.

2. (Physics)

Defn: Being in such a state that the component parts move among themselves, but do not tend to separate from each other as the particles of gases and vapors do; neither solid nor aëriform; as, liquid mercury, in distinction from mercury solidified or in a state of vapor.

3. Flowing or sounding smoothly or without abrupt transitions or harsh tones. "Liquid melody." Crashaw.

4. Pronounced without any jar or harshness; smooth; as, l and r are liquid letters.

5. Fluid and transparent; as, the liquid air.

6. Clear; definite in terms or amount.[Obs.] "Though the debt should be entirely liquid." Ayliffe. Liquid glass. See Soluble glass, under Glass.

LIQUID Liq"uid, n.

1. A substance whose parts change their relative position on the slightest pressure, and therefore retain no definite form; any substance in the state of liquidity; a fluid that is not aëriform.

Note: Liquid and fluid are terms often used synonymously, but fluid has the broader signification. All liquids are fluids, but many fluids, as air and the gases, are not liquids.

2. (Phon.)

Defn: A letter which has a smooth, flowing sound, or which flows smoothly after a mute; as, l and r, in bla, bra. M and n also are called liquids. Liquid measure, a measure, or system of measuring, for liquids, by the gallon, quart, pint, gill, etc.

LIQUID AIR Liq"uid air. (Physics)

Defn: A transparent limpid liquid, slightly blue in color, consisting of a mixture of liquefied oxygen and nitrogen. It is prepared by subjecting air to great pressure and then cooling it by its own expansion to a temperature below the boiling point of its constituents (N -194º C; O -183º C.).

LIQUIDAMBAR Liq"uid*am`bar, n. Etym: [Liquid + amber.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus consisting of two species of tall trees having star- shaped leaves, and woody burlike fruit. Liquidambar styraciflua is the North American sweet qum, and L. Orientalis is found in Asia Minor.

2. The balsamic juice which is obtained from these trees by incision. The liquid balsam of the Oriental tree is liquid storax.

LIQUIDAMBER Liq"uid*am`ber, n.

Defn: See Liquidambar.

LIQUIDATE Liq"ui*date, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Liquidated; p. pr. & vb. n. Liquidating.] Etym: [LL. liquidatus, p. p. of liquidate to liquidate, fr. L. liquidus liquid, clear. See Liquid.]

1. (Law)

Defn: To determine by agreement or by litigation the precise amount of (indebtedness); or, where there is an indebtedness to more than one person, to determine the precise amount of (each indebtedness); to make the amount of (an indebtedness); clear and certain. A debt or demand is liquidated whenever the amount due is agreed on by the parties, or fixed by the operation of law. 15 Ga. Rep. 821. If our epistolary accounts were fairly liquidated, I believe you would be brought in considerable debtor. Chesterfield.

2. In an extended sense: To ascertain the amount, or the several amounts, of , and apply assets toward the discharge of (an indebtedness). Abbott.

3. To discharge; to pay off, as an indebtedness. Friburg was ceded to Zurich by Sigismund to liquidate a debt of a thousand florins. W. Coxe.

4. To make clear and intelligible. Time only can liquidate the meaning of all parts of a compound system. A. Hamilton.

5. To make liquid. [Obs.] Liquidated damages (Law), damages the amount of which is fixed or ascertained. Abbott.

LIQUIDATION Liq`ui*da"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. liquidation.]

Defn: The act or process of liquidating; the state of being liquidated. To go into liquidation (Law), to turn over to a trustee one's assets and accounts, in order that the several amounts of one's indebtedness be authoritatively ascertained, and that the assets may be applied toward their discharge.

LIQUIDATOR Liq"ui*da`tor, n. Etym: [Cf. F. liquidateur.]

1. One who, or that which, liquidates.

2. An officer appointed to conduct the winding up of a company, to bring and defend actions and suits in its name, and to do all necessary acts on behalf of the company. [Eng.] Mozley & W.

LIQUIDITY Li*quid"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. liquiditas, fr. liquidus liquid: cf. F. liquidité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being liquid.

LIQUIDIZE Liq"uid*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Liquidized; p. pr. & vb. n. Liquidizing.]

Defn: To render liquid.

LIQUIDLY Liq"uid*ly, adv.

Defn: In a liquid manner; flowingly.

LIQUIDNESS Liq"uid*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being liquid; liquidity; fluency.

LIQUOR Liq"uor, n. Etym: [OE. licour, licur, OF. licur, F. liqueur, fr. L. liquor, fr. liquere to be liquid. See Liquid, and cf. Liqueur.]

1. Any liquid substance, as water, milk, blood, sap, juice, or the like.

2. Specifically, alcoholic or spirituous fluid, either distilled or fermented, as brandy, wine, whisky, beer, etc.

3. (Pharm.)

Defn: A solution of a medicinal substance in water; -- distinguished from tincture and aqua.

Note: The U. S. Pharmacopoeia includes, in this class of preparations, all aqueous solutions without sugar, in which the substance acted on is wholly soluble in water, excluding those in which the dissolved matter is gaseous or very volatile, as in the aquæ or waters. U. S. Disp. Labarraque's liquor (Old Chem.), a solution of an alkaline hypochlorite, as sodium hypochlorite, used in bleaching and as a disinfectant. -- Liquor of flints, or Liquor silicum (Old Chem.), soluble glass; - - so called because formerly made from powdered flints. See Soluble glass, under Glass. -- Liquor of Libavius. (Old Chem.) See Fuming liquor of Libavius, under Fuming. -- Liquor sanguinis (, (Physiol.), the blood plasma. -- Liquor thief, a tube for taking samples of liquor from a cask through the bung hole. -- To be in liquor, to be intoxicated.

LIQUOR Liq"uor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Liquored; p. pr. & vb. n. Liquoring.]

1. To supply with liquor. [R.]

2. To grease. [Obs.] Bacon. Liquor fishermen's boots. Shak.

LIQUORICE Liq"uor*ice, n.

Defn: See Licorice.

LIQUORISH Liq"uor*ish, a.

Defn: See Lickerish. [Obs.] Shak.

LIQUOROUS Liq"uor*ous, a.

Defn: Eagerly desirous. See Lickerish. [Obs.] Marston.

LIRA Li"ra, n. ; pl. Lire. Etym: [It., fr. L. libra the Roman pound. Cf. Livre.]

Defn: An Italian coin equivalent in value to the French franc.

LIRELLA Li*rel"la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of L.lira a furrow.] (Bot.)

Defn: A linear apothecium furrowed along the middle; the fruit of certain lichens.

LIRELLIFORM Li*rel"li*form, a. Etym: [Lirella + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Like a lirella. [Written also lirellæform.]

LIRIODENDRON Lir`i*o*den"dron, n.; pl. Liriodendra. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of large and very beautiful trees of North America, having smooth, shining leaves, and handsome, tuliplike flowers; tulip tree; whitewood; -- called also canoewood. Liriodendron tulipifera is the only extant species, but there were several others in the Cretaceous epoch.

LIRIPIPE Lir"i*pipe, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Liripoop.

LIRIPOOP Lir"i*poop, n. Etym: [OF. liripipion, liripion, LL. liripipium. Said to be corrupted from L. cleri ephippium, lit., the clergy's caparison.]

1. A pendent part of the old clerical tippet; afterwards, a tippet; a scarf; -- worn also by doctors, learned men, etc. [Obs.]

2. Acuteness; smartness; also, a smart trick or stratagem.[Obs.] Stanihurst.

3. A silly person. [Obs.] A liripoop, vel lerripoop, a silly, empty creature; an old dotard. Milles. MS. Devon Gloss.

LIROCONITE Li*roc"o*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A hydrated arseniate of copper, occurring in obtuse pyramidal crystals of a sky-blue or verdigris-green color.

LISBON Lis"bon, n.

Defn: A sweet, light-colored species of wine, produced in the province of Estremadura, and so called as being shipped from Lisbon, in Portugal.

LISLE Lisle, n.

Defn: A city of France celebrated for certain manufactures. Lisle glove, a fine summer glove, made of Lisle thread. -- Lisle lace, a fine handmade lace, made at Lisle. -- Lisle thread, a hard twisted cotton thread, originally produced at Lisle.

LISNE Lisne, n. Etym: [Prov. E. lissen, lisne, a cleft in a rock.]

Defn: A cavity or hollow.[Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

LISP Lisp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lisped; p. pr. & vb. n. Lisping.] Etym: [OE. lispen, lipsen, AS. wlisp stammering, lisping; akin to D. & OHG. lispen to lisp, G. lispeln, Sw. läspa, Dan. lespe.]

1. To pronounce the sibilant letter s imperfectly; to give s and z the sound of th; -- a defect common among children.

2. To speak with imperfect articulation; to mispronounce, as a child learning to talk. As yet a child, nor yet a fool to fame, I lisped in numbers came. Pope.

3. To speak hesitatingly with a low voice, as if afraid. Lest when my lisping, guilty tongue should halt. Drayton.

LISP Lisp, v. t.

1. To pronounce with a lisp.

2. To utter with imperfect articulation; to express with words pronounced imperfectly or indistinctly, as a child speaks; hence, to express by the use of simple, childlike language. To speak unto them after their own capacity, and to lispe words unto them according as the babes and children of that age might sound them again. Tyndale.

3. To speak with reserve or concealment; to utter timidly or confidentially; as, to lisp treason.

LISP Lisp, n.

Defn: The habit or act of lisping. See Lisp, v. i., 1. I overheard her answer, with a very pretty lisp, "O! Strephon, you are a dangerous creature." Tatler.

LISPER Lisp"er, n.

Defn: One who lisps.

LISPINGLY Lisp"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With a lisp; in a lisping manner.

LISS Liss, n. Etym: [AS. liss.]

Defn: Release; remission; ease; relief. [Obs.] "Of penance had a lisse." Chaucer.

LISS Liss, v. t. Etym: [AS. lissan.]

Defn: To free, as from care or pain; to relieve. [Obs.] "Lissed of his care." Chaucer.

LISSENCEPHALA Lis`sen*ceph"a*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A general name for all those placental mammals that have a brain with few or no cerebral convolutions, as Rodentia, Insectivora, etc.

LISSOM; LISSOME Lis"som, Lis"some, a. Etym: [For lithesome.]

1. Limber; supple; flexible; lithe; lithesome. Straight, but as lissome as a hazel wand. Tennyson.

2. Light; nimble; active. Halliwell. -- Lis"some*ness, n.

LIST List, n. Etym: [F. lice, LL. liciae, pl., from L. licium thread, girdle.]

Defn: A line inclosing or forming the extremity of a piece of ground, or field of combat; hence, in the plural (lists), the ground or field inclosed for a race or combat. Chaucer. In measured lists to toss the weighty lance. Pope. To enter the lists, to accept a challenge, or engage in contest.

LIST List, v. t.

Defn: To inclose for combat; as, to list a field.

LIST List, v. i. Etym: [See Listen.]

Defn: To hearken; to attend; to listen. [Obs. except in poetry.] Stand close, and list to him. Shak.

LIST List, v. t.

Defn: To listen or hearken to. Then weigh what loss your honor may sustain, If with too credent ear you list his songs. Shak.

LIST List, v. i. Etym: [OE. listen, lusten, AS. lystan, from lust pleasure. See Lust.]

1. To desire or choose; to please. The wind bloweth where it listeth. John iii. 8. Them that add to the Word of God what them listeth. Hooker. Let other men think of your devices as they list. Whitgift.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To lean; to incline; as, the ship lists to port.

LIST List, n.

1. Inclination; desire. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: An inclination to one side; as, the ship has a list to starboard.

LIST List, n. Etym: [AS. list a list of cloth; akin to D. lijst, G. leiste, OHG. lista,Icel. lista, listi, Sw. list, Dan. liste. In sense 5 from F. liste, of German origin, and thus ultimately the same word.]

1. A strip forming the woven border or selvedge of cloth, particularly of broadcloth, and serving to strengthen it; hence, a strip of cloth; a fillet. " Gartered with a red and blue list. "

Shak.

2. A limit or boundary; a border. The very list, the very utmost bound, Of all our fortunes. Shak.

3. The lobe of the ear; the ear itself. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. A stripe. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

5. A roll or catalogue, that is row or line; a record of names; as, a list of names, books, articles; a list of ratable estate. He was the ablest emperor of all the list. Bacon.

6. (Arch.)

Defn: A little square molding; a fillet; -- called also listel.

7. (Carp.)

Defn: A narrow strip of wood, esp. sapwood, cut from the edge of a plank or board.

8. (Rope Making)

Defn: A piece of woolen cloth with which the yarns are grasped by a workman.

9. (Tin-plate Manuf.) (a) The first thin coat of tin. (b) A wirelike rim of tin left on an edge of the plate after it is coated. Civil list (Great Britain & U.S.), the civil officers of government, as judges, ambassadors, secretaries, etc. Hence, the revenues or appropriations of public money for the support of the civil officers. More recently, the civil list, in England, embraces only the expenses of the reigning monarch's household. Free list. (a) A list of articles admitted to a country free of duty. (b) A list of persons admitted to any entertainment, as a theater or opera, without payment, or to whom a periodical, or the like, is furnished without cost.

Syn. -- Roll; catalogue; register; inventory; schedule. -- List, Boll, Catalogue, Register, Inventory, Schedule. Alist is properly a simple series of names, etc., in a brief form, such as might naturally be entered in a narrow strip of paper. A roll was originally a list containing the names of persons belonging to a public body (as Parliament, etc.), which was rolled up and laid aside among its archives. A catalogue is a list of persons or things arranged in order, and usually containing some description of the same, more or less extended. A register is designed for record or preservation. An inventory is a list of articles, found on hand in a store of goods, or in the estate of a deceased person, or under similar circumstances. A schedule is a formal list or inventory prepared for legal or business purposes.

LIST List, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Listed; p. pr. & vb. n. Listing.] Etym: [From list a roll.]

1. To sew together, as strips of cloth, so as to make a show of colors, or form a border. Sir H. Wotton.

2. To cover with list, or with strips of cloth; to put list on; as, to list a door; to stripe as if with list. The tree that stood white-listed through the gloom. Tennyson.

3. To enroll; to place or register in a list. Listed among the upper serving men. Milton.

4. To engage, as a soldier; to enlist. I will list you for my soldier. Sir W. Scott.

5. (Carp.)

Defn: To cut away a narrow strip, as of sapwood, from the edge of; as, to list a board. To list a stock (Stock Exchange), to put it in the list of stocks called at the meeting of the board.

LIST List, v. i.

Defn: To engage in public service by enrolling one's name; to enlist.

LISTEL List"el, n. Etym: [F. listel, dim. of liste fillet, list. See List the edge.] (Arch.)

Defn: Same as List, n., 6.

LISTEN Lis"ten, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Listened; p. pr. & vb. n. Listening.] Etym: [OE. listnen, listen, lustnen, lusten, AS. hlystan; akin to hlyst hearing, OS. hlust, Icel. hlusta to listen, hlust ear, AS. hlosnian to wait in suspense, OHG. hlosen to listen, Gr. loud. sq. root41. See Loud, and cf. List to listen.]

1. To give close attention with the purpose of hearing; to give ear; to hearken; to attend. When we have occasion to listen, and give a more particular attention to same sound, the tympanum is drawn to a more than ordinary tension. Holder.

2. To give heed; to yield to advice; to follow admonition; to obey. Listen to me, and by me be ruled. Tennyson. To listen after, to take an interest in. [Obs.] Soldiers note forts, armories, and magazines; scholars listen after libraries, disputations, and professors. Fuller.

Syn. -- To attend; hearken. See Attend.

LISTEN Lis"ten, v. t.

Defn: To attend to. [Obs.] Shak.

LISTENER Lis"ten*er, n.

Defn: One who listens; a hearkener.

LISTER List"er, n.

Defn: One who makes a list or roll.

LISTER Lis"ter, n.

Defn: Same as Leister.

LISTERIAN Lis*te"ri*an, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to listerism.

LISTERISM Lis"ter*ism, n. (Med.)

Defn: The systematic use of antiseptics in the performance of operations and the treatment of wounds; -- so called from Joseph Lister, an English surgeon.

LISTERIZE Lis"ter*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. -ized; p. pr. & vb. n. -izing.] (Med.)

Defn: To make antiseptic.

LISTFUL List"ful, a.

Defn: Attentive [Obs.] Spenser.

LISTING List"ing, n.

1. The act or process of one who lists (in any sense of the verb); as, the listing of a door; the listing of a stock at the Stock Exchange.

2. The selvedge of cloth; list.

3. (Carp.)

Defn: The sapwood cut from the edge of a board.

4. (Agric.)

Defn: The throwing up of the soil into ridges, -- a method adopted in the culture of beets and some garden crops. [Local, U. S.]

LISTLESS List"less, a. Etym: [OE. listles, lustles. See Lust.]

Defn: Having no desire or inclination; indifferent; heedless; spiritless. " A listless unconcern." Thomson. Benumbed with cold, and listless of their gain. Dryden. I was listless, and desponding. Swift.

Syn. -- Heedless; careless; indifferent; vacant; uninterested; languid; spiritless; supine; indolent. -- List"less*ly, adv. -- List"less*ness, n.

LIT Lit

Defn: , a form of the imp. & p. p. of Light.

LITANY Lit"a*ny, n.; pl. Litanies. Etym: [OE. letanie, OF. letanie, F. litanie, L. litania, Gr.

Defn: A solemn form of supplication in the public worship of various churches, in which the clergy and congregation join, the former leading and the latter responding in alternate sentences. It is usually of a penitential character. Supplications . . . for the appeasing of God's wrath were of the Greek church termed litanies, and rogations of the Latin. Hooker.

LITARGE Lit"arge, n.

Defn: Litharge. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LITCHI Li"tchi`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The fruit of a tree native to China (Nephelium Litchi). It is nutlike, having a rough but tender shell, containing an aromatic pulp, and a single large seed. In the dried fruit which is exported the pulp somewhat resembles a raisin in color and form. [Written also lichi, and lychee.] -- lite. See -lith.

LITE Lite, a., adv., & n.

Defn: Little. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LITER; LITRE Li"ter, Li"tre, n. Etym: [F. litre, Gr.

Defn: A measure of capacity in the metric system, being a cubic decimeter, equal to 61.022 cubic inches, or 2.113 American pints, or 1.76 English pints.

LITERACY Lit"er*a*cy, n.

Defn: State of being literate.

LITERAL Lit"er*al, a. Etym: [F. litéral, littéral, L. litteralis, literalis, fr. littera, litera, a letter. See Letter.]

1. According to the letter or verbal expression; real; not figurative or metaphorical; as, the literal meaning of a phrase. It hath but one simple literal sense whose light the owls can not abide. Tyndale .

2. Following the letter or exact words; not free. A middle course between the rigor of literal translations and the liberty of paraphrasts. Hooker.

3. Consisting of, or expressed by, letters. The literal notation of numbers was known to Europeans before the ciphers. Johnson.

4. Giving a strict or literal construction; unimaginative; matter-of fast; -- applied to persons. Literal contract (Law), contract of which the whole evidence is given in writing. Bouvier. -- Literal equation (Math.), an equation in which known quantities are expressed either wholly or in part by means of letters; -- distinguished from a numerical equation.

LITERAL Lit"er*al, n.

Defn: Literal meaning. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

LITERALISM Lit"er*al*ism, n.

1. That which accords with the letter; a mode of interpreting literally; adherence to the letter.

2. (Fine Arts)

Defn: The tendency or disposition to represent objects faithfully, without abstraction, conventionalities, or idealization.

LITERALIST Lit"er*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who adheres to the letter or exact word; an interpreter according to the letter.

LITERALITY Lit`er*al"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. littéralité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being literal. Sir T. Browne.

LITERALIZATION Lit`er*al*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of literalizing; reduction to a literal meaning.

LITERALIZE Lit"er*al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Literalized; p. pr. & vb. n. Literalizing.]

Defn: To make literal; to interpret or put in practice according to the strict meaning of the words; -- opposed to spiritualize; as, to literalize Scripture.

LITERALIZER Lit"er*al*i`zer, n.

Defn: A literalist.

LITERALLY Lit"er*al*ly, adv.

1. According to the primary and natural import of words; not figuratively; as, a man and his wife can not be literally one flesh.

2. With close adherence to words; word by word. So wild and ungovernable a poet can not be translated literally. Dryden.

LITERALNESS Lit"er*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being literal; literal import.

LITERARY Lit"er*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. litterarius, literarius,fr. littera, litera, a letter: cf. F. littéraire. See Letter.]

1. Of or pertaining to letters or literature; pertaining to learning or learned men; as, literary fame; a literary history; literary conversation. He has long outlived his century, the term commonly fixed as the test of literary merit. Johnson.

2. Versed in, or acquainted with, literature; occupied with literature as a profession; connected with literature or with men of letters; as, a literary man. In the literary as well as fashionable world. Mason. Literary property. (a) Property which consists in written or printed compositions. (b) The exclusive right of publication as recognized and limited by law.

LITERATE Lit"er*ate, a. Etym: [L. litteratus, literatus. See Letter.]

Defn: Instructed in learning, science, or literature; learned; lettered. The literate now chose their emperor, as the military chose theirs. Landor.

LITERATE Lit"er*ate, n.

1. One educated, but not having taken a university degree; especially, such a person who is prepared to take holy orders. [Eng.]

2. A literary man.

LITERATI Lit`e*ra"ti, n. pl. Etym: [See Literatus.]

Defn: Learned or literary men. See Literatus. Shakespearean commentators, and other literati. Craik.

LITERATIM Lit`e*ra"tim, adv. Etym: [LL., fr. L.litera, litera, letter.]

Defn: Letter for letter.

LITERATION Lit`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. littera, litera, letter.]

Defn: The act or process of representing by letters.

LITERATOR Lit"er*a`tor, n. Etym: [L. litterator, literator. See Letter.]

1. One who teaches the letters or elements of knowledge; a petty schoolmaster. Burke.

2. A person devoted to the study of literary trifles, esp. trifles belonging to the literature of a former age. That class of subjects which are interesting to the regular literator or black-letter " bibliomane," simply because they have once been interesting. De Quincey.

3. A learned person; a literatus. Sir W. Hamilton.

LITERATURE Lit"er*a*ture, n. Etym: [F. littérature, L. litteratura, literatura, learning, grammar, writing, fr.littera, litera, letter. See Letter.]

1. Learning; acquaintance with letters or books.

2. The collective body of literary productions, embracing the entire results of knowledge and fancy preserved in writing; also, the whole body of literary productions or writings upon a given subject, or in reference to a particular science or branch of knowledge, or of a given country or period; as, the literature of Biblical criticism; the literature of chemistry.

3. The class of writings distinguished for beauty of style or expression, as poetry, essays, or history, in distinction from scientific treatises and works which contain positive knowledge; belles-lettres.

4. The occupation, profession, or business of doing literary work. Lamp.

Syn. -- Science; learning; erudition; belles-lettres. See Science. -- Literature, Learning, Erudition. Literature, in its widest sense, embraces all compositions in writing or print which preserve the results of observation, thought, or fancy; but those upon the positive sciences (mathematics, etc.) are usually excluded. It is often confined, however, to belles-lettres, or works of taste and sentiment, as poetry, eloquence, history, etc., excluding abstract discussions and mere erudition. A man of literature (in this narrowest sense) is one who is versed in belles-lettres; a man of learning excels in what is taught in the schools, and has a wide extent of knowledge, especially, in respect to the past; a man of erudition is one who is skilled in the more recondite branches of learned inquiry. The origin of all positive science and philosophy, as well as of all literature and art, in the forms in which they exist in civilized Europe, must be traced to the Greeks. Sir G. Lewis. Learning thy talent is, but mine is sense. Prior. Some gentlemen, abounding in their university erudition, fill their sermons with philosophical terms. Swift.

LITERATUS Lit`e*ra"tus, n.; pl. Literati. Etym: [L. litteratus, literatus.]

Defn: A learned man; a man acquainted with literature; -- chiefly used in the plural. Now we are to consider that our bright ideal of a literatus may chance to be maimed. De Quincey.

-LITH; -LITE -lith, -lite.

Defn: Combining forms fr. Gr. li`qos a stone; -- used chiefly in naming minerals and rocks.

LITH Lith, obs.

Defn: 3d pers. sing. pres. of Lie, to recline, for lieth. Chaucer.

LITH Lith, n. Etym: [AS. li.]

Defn: A joint or limb; a division; a member; a part formed by growth, and articulated to, or symmetrical with, other parts. Chaucer.

LITHAEMIA Li*thæ"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A condition in which uric (lithic) acid is present in the blood.

LITHAGOGUE Lith"a*gogue, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine having, or supposed to have, the power of expelling calculous matter with the urine. Hooper.

LITHARGE Lith"arge, n. Etym: [OE. litarge, F. litharge, L. lithargyrus, Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Lead monoxide; a yellowish red substance, obtained as an amorphous powder, or crystallized in fine scales, by heating lead moderately in a current of air or by calcining lead nitrate or carbonate. It is used in making flint glass, in glazing earthenware, in making red lead minium, etc. Called also massicot.

LITHARGYRUM Li*thar"gy*rum, n. Etym: [NL. See Litharge.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: Crystallized litharge, obtained by fusion in the form of fine yellow scales.

LITHATE Lith"ate, n. (Old Med. Chem.)

Defn: A salt of lithic or uric acid; a urate. [Obs.] [Written also lithiate.]

LITHE Lithe, v. i. & i. Etym: [Icel Listen.]

Defn: To listen or listen to; to hearken to. [Obs.] P. Plowman.

LITHE Lithe, a. Etym: [AS. lind, gelind, OHG. lindi, Icel. linr, L. lenis soft, mild, lentus flexible, and AS. linnan to yield. Cf. Lenient.]

1. Mild; calm; as, lithe weather. [Obs.]

2. Capable of being easily bent; pliant; flexible; limber; as, the elephant's lithe proboscis. Milton.

LITHE Lithe, v. t. Etym: [AS. Lithe, a.]

Defn: To smooth; to soften; to palliate. [Obs.]

LITHELY Lithe"ly, adv.

Defn: In a lithe, pliant, or flexible manner.

LITHENESS Lithe"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being lithe; flexibility; limberness.

LITHER Li"ther, a. Etym: [AS.

Defn: Bad; wicked; false; worthless; slothful. [Obs.] Chaucer. Not lither in business, fervent in spirit. Bp. Woolton.

Note: Professor Skeat thinks " the lither sky" as found in Shakespeare's Henry VI. ((Part I. IY. YII., 21) means the stagnant or pestilential sky. -- Li"ther*ly, adv. [Obs.]. -- Li"ther*ness, n. [Obs.]

LITHERLY Li"ther*ly, a.

Defn: Crafty; cunning; mischievous; wicked; treacherous; lazy.[Archaic] He [the dwarf] was waspish, arch, and litherly. Sir W. Scott.

LITHESOME Lithe"some, a. Etym: [See Lithe, a., and cf. Lissom.]

Defn: Pliant; limber; flexible; supple; nimble; lissom. -- Lithe"some*ness, n.

LITHIA Lith"i*a, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: The oxide of lithium; a strong alkaline caustic similar to potash and soda, but weaker. See Lithium. Lithia emerald. See Hiddenite.

LITHIASIS Li*thi"a*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The formation of stony concretions or calculi in any part of the body, especially in the bladder and urinary passages. Dunglison.

LITHIC Lith"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. lithique.]

1. Of or pertaining to stone; as, lithic architecture.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to the formation of uric-acid concretions (stone) in the bladder and other parts of the body; as, lithic diathesis. LIthic acid (Old Med. Chem.), uric acid. See Uric acid, under Uric.

LITHIC Lith"ic, n. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine which tends to prevent stone in the bladder.

LITHIC Lith"ic, a. Etym: [From Lithium.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to or denoting lithium or some of its compounds. Frankland.

LITHIOPHILITE Lith`i*oph"i*lite, n. Etym: [Lithium + Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A phosphate of manganese and lithium; a variety of triphylite.

LITHIUM Lith"i*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A metallic element of the alkaline group, occurring in several minerals, as petalite, spodumene, lepidolite, triphylite, etc., and otherwise widely disseminated, though in small quantities.

Note: When isolated it is a soft, silver white metal, tarnishing and oxidizing very rapidly in the air. It is the lightest solid element known, specific gravity being 0.59. Symbol Li. Atomic weight 7.0 So called from having been discovered in a mineral.

LITHO Lith"o

Defn: A combining form from Gr. stone.

LITHOBILIC Lith`o*bil"ic, a. Etym: [Litho + bile.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to or designating an organic acid of the tartaric acid series, distinct from lithofellic acid, but, like it, obtained from certain bile products, as bezoar stones.

LITHOCARP Lith"o*carp, n. Etym: [Litho- + Gr. lithocarpe.] (Paleon.)

Defn: Fossil fruit; a fruit petrified; a carpolite.

LITHOCHROMATICS Lith`o*chro*mat"ics, n.

Defn: See Lithochromics.

LITHOCHROMICS Lith`o*chro"mics, n. Etym: [Litho- + Gr.

Defn: The art of printing colored pictures on canvas from oil paintings on stone.

LITHOCLAST Lith"o*clast, n. Etym: [Litho- + Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument for crushing stones in the bladder.

LITHOCYST Lith"o*cyst, n. Etym: [Litho- + cyst.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sac containing small, calcareous concretions (otoliths). They are found in many Medusæ, and other invertebrates, and are supposed to be auditory organs.

LITHODOME Lith"o*dome, n. Etym: [Litho- + Gr. lithodome.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of bivalves, which form holes in limestone, in which they live; esp., any species of the genus Lithodomus.

LITHODOMOUS Li*thod"o*mous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like, or pertaining to, Lithodomus; lithophagous.

LITHODOMUS Li*thod"o*mus, n. Etym: [NL. See Lithodome.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of elongated bivalve shells, allied to the mussels, and remarkable for their ability to bore holes for shelter, in solid limestone, shells, etc. Called also Lithophagus.

Note: These holes are at first very small and shallow, but are enlarged with the growth of the shell, sometimes becoming two or three inches deep and nearly an inch diameter.

LITHOFELLIC Lith"o*fel"lic, a. Etym: [Litho- + L. fel, fellis, gall.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a crystalline, organic acid, resembling cholic acid, found in the biliary intestinal concretions (bezoar stones) common in certain species of antelope.

LITHOFRACTEUR Lith`o*frac"teur, n. Etym: [F., fr. frangere, fractum, to break.]

Defn: An explosive compound of nitroglycerin. See Nitroglycerin.

LITHOGENESY Lith`o*gen"e*sy, n. Etym: [Litho- Gr. lithogénésie. See Genesis.]

Defn: The doctrine or science of the origin of the minerals composing the globe.

LITHOGENOUS Li*thog"e*nous, a. Etym: [Litho- + -genous.]

Defn: Stone-producing; -- said of polyps which form coral.

LITHOGLYPH Lith"o*glyph, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An engraving on a gem.

LITHOGLYPHER Li*thog"ly*pher, n.

Defn: One who curs or engraves precious stones.

LITHOGLYPHIC Lith`o*glyph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the art of cutting and engraving precious stones.

LITHOGLYPTICS Lith`o*glyp"tics, n.

Defn: The art of cutting and engraving gems.

LITHOGRAPH Lith"o*graph, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lithographed; p. pr. & vb. n. Lithographing.] Etym: [Litho- + -graph: cf. F. lithographier.]

Defn: To trace on stone by the process of lithography so as to transfer the design to paper by printing; as, to lithograph a design; to lithograph a painting. See Lithography.

LITHOGRAPH Lith"o*graph, n.

Defn: A print made by lithography.

LITHOGRAPHER Li*thog"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One who lithographs; one who practices lithography.

LITHOGRAPHIC; LITHOGRAPHICAL Lith`o*graph"ic, Lith`o*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. lithographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to lithography; made by lithography; as, the lithographic art; a lithographic picture. Lithographic limestone (Min.), a compact, fine-grained limestone, obtained largely from the Lias and Oölite, esp. of Bavaria, and extensively used in lithography. -- Lith`o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

LITHOGRAPHY Li*thog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lithographie.]

Defn: The art or process of putting designs or writing, with a greasy material, on stone, and of producing printed impressions therefrom. The process depends, in the main, upon the antipathy between grease and water, which prevents a printing ink containing oil from adhering to wetted parts of the stone not covered by the design. See Lithographic limestone, under Lithographic.

LITHOID; LITHOIDAL Lith"oid Li*thoid"al, a. Etym: [Litho- + -oid: cf. F. lithoïde.]

Defn: Like a stone; having a stony structure.

LITHOLATRY Li*thol"a*try, n. Etym: [Litho- + Gr.

Defn: The worship of a stone or stones.

LITHOLOGIC; LITHOLOGICAL Lith`o*log"ic, Lith`o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. lithologique.]

1. (Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the character of a rock, as derived from the nature and mode of aggregation of its mineral contents.

2. Of or pertaining to lithology.

LITHOLOGICALLY Lith`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: From a lithological point of view; as, to consider a stratum lithologically.

LITHOLOGIST Li*thol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who is skilled in lithology.

LITHOLOGY Li*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Litho- + -logy: cf. F. lithologie.]

1. The science which treats of rocks, as regards their mineral constitution and classification, and their mode of occurrence in nature.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A treatise on stones found in the body.

LITHOMANCY Lith"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Litho- + -mancy: cf. F. lithomancie.]

Defn: Divination by means of stones.

LITHOMARGE Lith"o*marge, n. Etym: [Litho- + L. marga marl.]

Defn: A clay of a fine smooth texture, and very sectile.

LITHONTHRIPTIC; LITHONTHRYPTIC Lith`on*thrip"tic, Lith`on*thryp"tic, a. & n. Etym: [Litho- + Gr.

Defn: Same as Lithontriptic.

LITHONTRIPTIC Lith`on*trip"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. lithontriptique.] (Med.)

Defn: Having the quality of, or used for, dissolving or destroying stone in the bladder or kidneys; as, lithontriptic forcéps. -- n.

Defn: A lithontriptic remedy or agent, as distilled water.

LITHONTRIPTIST Lith"on*trip"tist, n.

Defn: Same as Lithotriptist.

LITHONTRIPTOR Lith"on*trip`tor, n. (Surg.)

Defn: See Lithotriptor.

LITHOPHAGOUS Li*thoph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Litho- + Gr. (Zoöl.) (a) Eating or swallowing stones or gravel, as the ostrich. (b) Eating or destroying stone; -- applied to various animals which make burrows in stone, as many bivalve mollusks, certain sponges, annelids, and sea urchins. See Lithodomus.

LITHOPHANE Lith`o*phane, n. Etym: [Litho- + Gr.

Defn: Porcelain impressed with figures which are made distinct by transmitted light, -- as when hung in a window, or used as a lamp shade.

LITHOPHOSPHOR Lith"o*phos`phor, n. Etym: [Litho- + phosphor.]

Defn: A stone that becomes phosphoric by heat.

LITHOPHOSPHORIC Lith`o*phos*phor"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to lithophosphor; becoming phosphoric by heat.

LITHOPHOTOGRAPHY Lith`o*pho*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Litho- + photography.]

Defn: Same as Photolithography.

LITHOPHYLL Lith"o*phyll, n. Etym: [Gr. lithophylle.]

Defn: A fossil leaf or impression of a leaf.

LITHOPHYSE Lith"o*physe, n. Etym: [Litho- + Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A spherulitic cavity often with concentric chambers, observed in some volcanic rocks, as in rhyolitic lavas. It is supposed to be produced by expanding gas, whence the name.

LITHOPHYTE Lith"o*phyte, n. Etym: [Litho- + Gr. lithophyte.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hard, or stony, plantlike organism, as the gorgonians, corals, and corallines, esp. those gorgonians having a calcareous axis. All the lithophytes except the corallines are animals.

LITHOPHYTIC Lith`o*phyt"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to lithophytes.

LITHOPHYTOUS Li*thoph"y*tous, a.

Defn: Lithophytic.

LITHOSIAN Li*tho"sian, n. Etym: [From NL. Lithosia, the typical genus, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of various species of moths belonging to the family Lithosidæ. Many of them are beautifully colored.

LITHOSPHERE Lith"o*sphere, n. [Litho- + sphere.] (Phys. Geog.) (a) The solid earth as distinguished from its fluid envelopes, the hydrosphere and atmosphere. (b) The outer part of the solid earth, the portion undergoing change through the gradual transfer of material by volcanic eruption, the circulation of underground water, and the process of erosion and deposition. It is, therefore, regarded as a third mobile envelope comparable with the hydrosphere and atmosphere.

LITHOTINT Lith"o*tint, n. Etym: [Litho- + tint.]

1. A kind of lithography by which the effect of a tinted drawing is produced, as if made with India ink.

2. A picture produced by this process.

LITHOTOME Lith"o*tome, n. Etym: [Gr. lithotome.]

1. A stone so formed by nature as to appear as if cut by art.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument used for cutting the bladder in operations for the stone.

LITHOTOMIC; LITHOTOMICAL Lith`o*tom"ic, Lith`o*tom"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. lithotomique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or performed by, lithotomy.

LITHOTOMIST Li*thot"o*mist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lithotomiste.]

Defn: One who performs the operation of cutting for stone in the bladder, or one who is skilled in the operation.

LITHOTOMY Li*thot"o*my, n. Etym: [L. lithotomia, Gr. lithotomie.] (Surg.)

Defn: The operation, art, or practice of cutting for stone in the bladder.

LITHOTRIPSY Lith"o*trip`sy, n. Etym: [Litho- + Gr. lithotripsie.] (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of crushing a stone in the bladder with an instrument called lithotriptor or lithotrite; lithotrity.

LITHOTRIPTIC Lith`o*trip"tic, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Lithontriptic.

LITHOTRIPTIST Lith"o*trip`tist, n.

Defn: One skilled in breaking and extracting stone in the bladder.

LITHOTRIPTOR Lith"o*trip`tor, n. (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument for triturating the stone in the bladder; a lithotrite.

LITHOTRITE; LITHOTRITOR Lith"o*trite, Lith"o*tri"tor,Etym: [See Lithotrity.] (Surg.)

Defn: A lithotriptor.

LITHOTRITIST Li*thot"ri*tist, n.

Defn: A lithotriptist.

LITHOTRITY Li*thot"ri*ty, n. Etym: [Litho- + L. terere, tritum, to rub, grind.] (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of breaking a stone in the bladder into small pieces capable of being voided.

LITHOTYPE Lith"o*type, n.

Defn: A kind of stereotype plate made by lithotypy; also, that which in printed from it. See Lithotypy.

LITHOTYPE Lith"o*type, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lithotyped; p. pr. & vb. n. Lithotyping.]

Defn: To prepare for printing with plates made by the process of lithotypy. See Lithotypy.

LITHOTYPIC Lith`o*typ"ic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or produced by, lithotypy.

LITHOTYPY Li*thot"y*py, n. Etym: [Litho- + -typy.]

Defn: The art or process of making a kind of hard, stereotypeplate, by pressing into a mold, taken from a page of type or other matter, a composition of gum shell-lac and sand of a fine quality, together with a little tar and linseed oil, all in a heated state.

LITHOXYL Li*thox`yl, n. Etym: [Written also lithoxyle.] Etym: [Litho- + Gr. lithoxyle.]

Defn: Petrified wood. [Obs.]

LITHUANIAN Lith`u*a"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Lithuania (formerly a principality united with Poland, but now Russian and Prussian territory).

LITHUANIAN Lith`u*a"ni*an, n.

Defn: A native, or one of the people, of Lithuania; also, the language of the Lithuanian people.

LITHY Lith"y a. Etym: [See Lithe.]

Defn: Easily bent; pliable. Lithy tree (Bot.), a European shrub (Viburnum Lantana); -- so named from its tough and flexible stem.

LITIGABLE Lit"i*ga*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be litigated.

LITIGANT Lit"i*gant, a. Etym: [L. litigans, -antis, p. pr. of litigare: cf. F. litigant. See Litigate.]

Defn: Disposed to litigate; contending in law; engaged in a lawsuit; as, the parties litigant. Ayliffe.

LITIGANT Lit"i*gant, n.

Defn: A person engaged in a lawsuit.

LITIGATE Lit"i*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Litigated; p. pr. & vb. n. Litigating.] Etym: [See Litigation.]

Defn: To make the subject of a lawsuit; to contest in law; to prosecute or defend by pleadings, exhibition of evidence, and judicial debate in a court; as, to litigate a cause.

LITIGATE Lit"i*gate, v. i.

Defn: To carry on a suit by judicial process.

LITIGATION Lit`i*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. litigatio, fr. litigare to dispute, litigate; lis, litis, dispute, lawsuit (OL. stlis) + agere to carry on. See Agent.]

Defn: The act or process of litigating; a suit at law; a judicial contest.

LITIGATOR Lit"i*ga`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who litigates.

LITIGIOUS Li*ti"gious, a. Etym: [L. litigiosus, fr. litigium dispute, quarrel, fr. litigare: cf. F. litigieux. See Litigation.]

1. Inclined to judicial contest; given to the practice of contending in law; guarrelsome; contentious; fond of litigation. " A pettifogging attorney or a litigious client." Macaulay. Soldiers find wars, and lawyers find out still Litigious men, who guarrels move. Donne.

2. Subject to contention; disputable; controvertible; debatable; doubtful; precarious. Shak. No fences, parted fields, nor marks, nor bounds, Distinguished acres of litigious grounds. Dryden.

3. Of or pertaining to legal disputes. Nor brothers cite to the litigious bar. Young.

LITIGIOUSLY Li*ti"gious*ly, adv.

Defn: In a litigious manner.

LITIGIOUSNESS Li*ti"gious*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being litigious; disposition to engage in or carry on lawsuits.

LITMUS Lit"mus, n. Etym: [D. lakmoes; lak lacker + moes a thick preparation of fruit, pap, prob. akin to E. meat: cf. G. lackmus. See Lac a resinous substance.] (Chem.)

Defn: A dyestuff extracted from certain lichens (Roccella tinctoria, Lecanora tartarea, etc.), as a blue amorphous mass which consists of a compound of the alkaline carbonates with certain coloring matters related to orcin and orcein.

Note: Litmus is used as a dye, and being turned red by acids and restored to its blue color by alkalies, is a common indicator or test for acidity and alkalinity. Litmus paper (Chem.), unsized paper saturated with blue or red litmus, -- used in testing for acids or alkalies.

LITOTES Li"to*tes, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A diminution or softening of statement for the sake of avoiding censure or increasing the effect by contrast with the moderation shown in the form of expression; as, " a citizen of no mean city," that is, of an illustrious city.

LITRANETER Li*tran"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. li`tra + -meter. See Liter]

Defn: An instrument for ascertaining the specific gravity of liquids.

LITRE Li"tre, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Same as Liter.

LITTER Lit"ter, n. Etym: [F. litière, LL. lectaria, fr. L. lectus couch, bed. See Lie to be prostrated, and cf. Coverlet.]

1. A bed or stretcher so arranged that a person, esp. a sick or wounded person, may be easily carried in or upon it. There is a litter ready; lay him in 't. Shak.

2. Straw, hay, etc., scattered on a floor, as bedding for animals to rest on; also, a covering of straw for plants. To crouch in litter of your stable planks. Shak. Take off the litter from your kernel beds. Evelyn.

3. Things lying scattered about in a manner indicating slovenliness; scattered rubbish. Strephon, who found the room was void. Stole in, and took a strict survey Of all the litter as it lay. Swift.

4. Disorder or untidiness resulting from scattered rubbish, or from thongs lying about uncared for; as, a room in a state of litter.

5. The young brought forth at one time, by a sow or other multiparous animal, taken collectively. Also Fig. A wolf came to a sow, and very kindly offered to take care of her litter. D. Estrange. Reflect upon numerous litter of strange, senseless opinions that crawl about the world. South.

LITTER Lit"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Littered; p. pr. & vb. n. Littering.]

1. To supply with litter, as cattle; to cover with litter, as the floor of a stall. Tell them how they litter their jades. Bp. Hacke For his ease, well littered was the floor. Dryden.

2. To put into a confused or disordered condition; to strew with scattered articles; as, to litter a room. The room with volumes littered round. Swift.

3. To give birth to; to bear; -- said of brutes, esp. those which produce more than one at a birth, and also of human beings, in abhorrence or contempt. We might conceive that dogs were created blind, because we observe they were littered so with us. Sir T. Browne. The son that she did litter here, A freckled whelp hagborn. Shak.

LITTER Lit"ter, v. i.

1. To be supplied with litter as bedding; to sleep or make one's bed in litter. [R.] The inn Where he and his horse littered. Habington.

2. To produce a litter. A desert . . . where the she-wolf still littered. Macaulay.

LITTERATEUR Lit`te`ra`teur", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: One who occupies himself with literature; a literary man; a literatus. " Befriended by one kind-hearted littérateur after another." C. Kingsley.

LITTERY Lit"ter*y, a.

Defn: Covered or encumbered with litter; consisting of or constituting litter.

LITTLE Lit"tle, a. [The regular comparative of this word is wanting, its place being supplied by less, or, rarely, lesser. See Lesser. For the superlative least is used, the regular form, littlest, occurring very rarely, except in some of the English provinces, and occasionally in colloquial language. " Where love is great, the littlest doubts are fear." Shak.] Etym: [OE. litel, lutel, AS. l, litel, l; akin to OS. littil, D. luttel, LG. lütt, OHG. luzzil, MHG. lützel; and perh. to AS. lytig deceitful, lot deceit, Goth. liuts deceitful, lut to deceive; cf. also Icel. litill little, Sw. liten, Dan. liden, lille, Goth. leitils, which appear to have a different root vowel.]

1. Small in size or extent; not big; diminutive; -- opposed to big or large; as, a little body; a little animal; a little piece of ground; a little hill; a little distance; a little child. He sought to see Jesus who he was; and could not for the press, because he was little of stature. Luke xix. 3.

2. Short in duration; brief; as, a little sleep. Best him enough: after a little time, I'll beat him too. Shak.

3. Small in quantity or amount; not much; as, a little food; a little air or water. Conceited of their little wisdoms, and doting upon their own fancies. Barrow.

4. Small in dignity, power, or importance; not great; insignificant; contemptible. When thou wast little in thine own sight, wast thou not made the head of the tribes I Sam. xv. 17.

5. Small in force or efficiency; not strong; weak; slight; inconsiderable; as, little attention or exertion;little effort; little care or diligence. By sad experiment I know How little weight my words with thee can find. Milton.

6. Small in extent of views or sympathies; narrow; shallow; contracted; mean; illiberal; ungenerous. The long-necked geese of the world that are ever hissing dispraise, Because their natures are little. Tennyson. Little chief. (Zoöl.) See Chief hare. -- Little finger, the fourth and smallest finger of the hand. -- Little go (Eng. Universities), a public examination about the middle of the course, which as less strict and important than the final one; -- called also smalls. Cf. Great go, under Great. Thackeray. -- Little hours (R. C. Ch.), the offices of prime, tierce, sext, and nones. Vespers and compline are sometimes included. -- Little ones, young children. The men, and the women, and the little ones. Deut. ii. 34.

LITTLE Lit"tle, n.

1. That which is little; a small quantity, amount, space, or the like. Much was in little writ. Dryden. There are many expressions, which carrying with them no clear ideas, are like to remove but little of my ignorance. Locke.

2. A small degree or scale; miniature. " His picture in little." Shak. A little, to or in a small degree; to a limited extent; somewhat; for a short time. " Stay a little." Shak. The painter flattered her a little. Shak. -- By little and little, or Little by little, by slow degrees; piecemeal; gradually.

LITTLE Lit"tle, adv.

Defn: In a small quantity or degree; not much; slightly; somewhat; -- often with a preceding it. " The poor sleep little." Otway.

LITTLE-EASE Lit"tle-ease`, n.

Defn: An old slang name for the pillory, stocks, etc., of a prison.[Eng.] Latimer.

LITTLENESS Lit"tle*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being little; as, littleness of size, thought, duration, power, etc.

Syn. -- Smallness; slightness; inconsiderableness; narrowness; insignificance; meanness; penuriousness.

LITTORAL Lit"to*ral, a. Etym: [L. littoralis, litoralis, from littus, litus, the seashore: cf. F. littoral.]

1. Of or pertaining to a shore, as of the sea.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Inhabiting the seashore, esp. the zone between high-water and low-water mark.

LITTORINA Lit"to*ri"na, n. Etym: [NL. See Littoral.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small pectinibranch mollusks, having thick spiral shells, abundant between tides on nearly all rocky seacoasts. They feed on seaweeds. The common periwinkle is a well-known example. See Periwinkle.

LITTRESS Lit"tress, n.

Defn: A smooth kind of cartridge paper used for making cards. Knight.

LITUATE Lit"u*ate, a. Etym: [See Lituus.] (Bot.)

Defn: Forked, with the points slightly curved outward.

LITUIFORM Lit"u*i*form, a. Etym: [Lituus + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of a lituus; like a lituite.

LITUITE Lit"u*ite, n. Etym: [See Lituus.] (Paleon.)

Defn: Any species of ammonites of the genus Lituites. They are found in the Cretaceous formation.

LITURATE Lit"u*rate, a. Etym: [L. lituratus, p. p. of liturare to erase, fr. litura a blur.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having indistinct spots, paler at their margins.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Spotted, as if from abrasions of the surface.

LITURGIC; LITURGICAL Li*tur"gic, Li*tur"gic*al,Etym: [Gr. liturgique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, of or the nature of, a liturgy; of or pertaining to public prayer and worship. T. Warton.

LITURGICALLY Li*tur"gic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a liturgy.

LITURGICS Li*tur"gics, n.

Defn: The science of worship; history, doctrine, and interpretation of liturgies.

LITURGIOLOGIST Li*tur`gi*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in liturgiology.

LITURGIOLOGY Li*tur`gi*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Liturgy + -logy.]

Defn: The science treating of liturgical matters; a treatise on, or description of, liturgies. Shipley.

LITURGIST Lit"ur*gist, n.

Defn: One who favors or adheres strictly to a liturgy. Milton.

LITURGY Lit"ur*gy, n.; pl. Liturgies. Etym: [F. liturgie, LL. liturgia, Gr. Lay, a., and Work.]

Defn: An established formula for public worship, or the entire ritual for public worship in a church which uses prescribed forms; a formulary for public prayer or devotion. In the Roman Catholic Church it includes all forms and services in any language, in any part of the world, for the celebration of Mass.

LITUUS Lit"u*us, n.; pl. Litui. Etym: [L.]

1. (Rom. Antig.) (a) A curved staff used by the augurs in quartering the heavens. (b) An instrument of martial music; a kind of trumpet of a somewhat curved form and shrill note.

2. (Math.)

Defn: A spiral whose polar equation is r2th = a; that is, a curve the square of whose radius vector varies inversely as the angle which the radius vector makes with a given line.

LIVABLE Liv"a*ble, a.

1. Such as can be lived.

2. Such as in pleasant to live in; fit or suitable to live in. [Colloq.] A more delightful or livable region is not easily to be found. T. Arnold.

LIVE Live, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lived; p. pr. & vb. n. Living.] Etym: [OE. liven, livien, AS. libban, lifian; akin to OS. libbian, D. leven, G. leben, OHG. lebn, Dan. leve, Sw. lefva, Icel. lifa to live, to be left, to remain, Goth. liban to live; akin to E. leave to forsake, and life, Gr. lip to anoint, smear; -- the first sense prob. was, to cleave to, stick to; hence, to remain, stay; and hence, to live.]

1. To be alive; to have life; to have, as an animal or a plant, the capacity of assimilating matter as food, and to be dependent on such assimilation for a continuance of existence; as, animals and plants that live to a great age are long in reaching maturity. Thus saith the Lord God unto these bones; Behold, I will . . . lay sinews upon you, and will bring up flesh upon you, and cover you with skin, and put breath in you, and ye shall live. Ezek. xxxvii. 5, 6.

2. To pass one's time; to pass life or time in a certain manner, as to habits, conduct, or circumstances; as, to live in ease or affluence; to live happily or usefully. O death, how bitter is the remembrance of thee to a man that liveth at rest in his possessions! Ecclus. xli. 1.

3. To make one's abiding place or home; to abide; to dwell; to reside. Jacob lived in the land of Egypt seventeen years. Gen. xlvii. 28.

4. To be or continue in existence; to exist; to remain; to be permanent; to last; -- said of inanimate objects, ideas, etc. Men's evil manners live in brass; their virtues We write in water. Shak.

5. To enjoy or make the most of life; to be in a state of happiness. What greater curse could envious fortune give Than just to die when I began to live Dryden.

6. To feed; to subsist; to be nourished or supported; -- with on; as, horses live on grass and grain.

7. To have a spiritual existence; to be quickened, nourished, and actuated by divine influence or faith. The just shall live by faith. Gal. iii. ll.

8. To be maintained in life; to acquire a livelihood; to subsist; -- with on or by; as, to live on spoils. Those who live by labor. Sir W. Temple.

9. To outlast danger; to float; -- said of a ship, boat, etc.; as, no ship could live in such a storm. A strong mast that lived upon the sea. Shak. To live out, to be at service; to live away from home as a servant. [U. S.] -- To live with. (a) To dwell or to be a lodger with. (b) To cohabit with; to have intercourse with, as male with female.

LIVE Live, v. t.

1. To spend, as one's life; to pass; to maintain; to continue in, constantly or habitually; as, to live an idle or a useful life.

2. To act habitually in conformity with; to practice. To live the Gospel. Foxe. To live down, to live so as to subdue or refute; as, to live down slander.

LIVE Live, a. Etym: [Abbreviated from alive. See Alive, Life.]

1. Having life; alive; living; not dead. If one man's ox hurt another's, that he die; then they shall sell the live ox, and divide the money of it. Ex. xxi. 35.

2. Being in a state of ignition; burning; having active properties; as, a live coal; live embers. " The live ether." Thomson.

3. Full of earnestness; active; wide awake; glowing; as, a live man, or orator.

4. Vivid; bright. " The live carnation." Thomson.

5. (Engin.)

Defn: Imparting power; having motion; as, the live spindle of a lathe. Live birth, the condition of being born in such a state that acts of life are manifested after the extrusion of the whole body. Dunglison. -- Live box, a cell for holding living objects under microscopical examination. P. H. Gosse. -- Live feathers, feathers which have been plucked from the living bird, and are therefore stronger and more elastic. -- Live gang. (Sawing) See under Gang. -- Live grass (Bot.), a grass of the genus Eragrostis. -- Live load (Engin.), a suddenly applied load; a varying load; a moving load; as a moving train of cars on a bridge, or wind pressure on a roof. Live oak (Bot.), a species of oak (Quercus virens), growing in the Southern States, of great durability, and highly esteemed for ship timber. In California the Q. chrysolepis and some other species are also called live oaks. -- Live ring (Engin.), a circular train of rollers upon which a swing bridge, or turntable, rests, and which travels around a circular track when the bridge or table turns. -- Live steam , steam direct from the boiler, used for any purpose, in distinction from exhaust steam. -- Live stock, horses, cattle, and other domestic animals kept on a farm. whole body.

LIVE Live, n.

Defn: Life. [Obs.] Chaucer. On live, in life; alive. [Obs.] See Alive. Chaucer.

LIVED Lived, a.

Defn: Having life; -- used only in composition; as, long-lived; short-lived.

LIVE-FOREVER Live"-for*ev`er, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Sedum Telephium) with fleshy leaves, which has extreme powers of resisting drought; garden ox-pine.

LIVELIHED Live"li*hed, n.

Defn: See Livelihood. [Obs.]

LIVELIHOOD Live"li*hood, n. Etym: [OE. livelode, liflode, prop., course of life, life's support, maintenance, fr. AS. lif life + lad road, way, maintenance. Confused with livelihood liveliness. See Life, and Lode.]

Defn: Subsistence or living, as dependent on some means of support; support of life; maintenance. The opportunities of gaining an honest livelihood. Addison. It is their profession and livelihood to get their living by practices for which they deserve to forfeit their lives. South.

LIVELIHOOD Live"li*hood, n. Etym: [Lively + -hood.]

Defn: Liveliness; appearance of life. [Obs.] Shak.

LIVELILY Live"li*ly, adv.

Defn: In a lively manner. [Obs.] Lamb.

LIVELINESS Live"li*ness, n. Etym: [From Lively.]

1. The quality or state of being lively or animated; sprightliness; vivacity; animation; spirit; as, the liveliness of youth, contrasted with the gravity of age. B. Jonson.

2. An appearance of life, animation, or spirit; as, the liveliness of the eye or the countenance in a portrait.

3. Briskness; activity; effervescence, as of liquors.

Syn. -- Sprightliness; gayety; animation; vivacity; smartness; briskness; activity. -- Liveliness, Gayety, Animation, Vivacity. Liveliness is an habitual feeling of life and interest; gayety refers more to a temporary excitement of the animal spirits; animation implies a warmth of emotion and a corresponding vividness of expressing it, awakened by the presence of something which strongly affects the mind; vivacity is a feeling between liveliness and animation, having the permanency of the one, and, to some extent, the warmth of the other. Liveliness of imagination; gayety of heart; animation of countenance; vivacity of gesture or conversation.

LIVELODE Live"lode`, n. Etym: [See 1st Livelihood.]

Defn: Course of life; means of support; livelihood. [Obs.]

LIVELONG Live"long`, a. Etym: [For lifelong. Cf. Lifelong.]

1. Whole; entire; long in passing; -- used of time, as day or night, in adverbial phrases, and usually with a sense of tediousness. The obscure bird Clamored the livelong night. Shak. How could she sit the livelong day, Yet never ask us once to play Swift.

2. Lasting; durable. [Obs.] Thou hast built thyself a livelong monument. Milton.

LIVELY Live"ly, a. [Compar. Livelier; superl. Liveliest.] Etym: [For lifely. Cf. Lifelike.]

1. Endowed with or manifesting life; living. Chaplets of gold and silver resembling lively flowers and leaves. Holland.

2. Brisk; vivacious; active; as, a lively youth. But wherefore comes old Manoa in such haste, With youthful steps Much livelier than erewhile He seems. Milton.

3. Gay; airy; animated; spirited. From grave to gay, from lively to severe. Pope.

4. Representing life; lifelike. [Obs.] I spied the lively picture of my father. Massinger.

5. Bright; vivid; glowing; strong; vigorous. The colors of the prism are manifestly more full, intense, and lively that those of natural bodies. Sir I. Newton. His faith must be not only living, but lively too. South. Lively stones (Script.), saints, as being quickened by the Spirit, and active in holiness.

Syn. -- Brisk; vigorous; quick; nimble; smart; active; alert; sprightly; animated; spirited; prompt; earnest; strong; energetic; vivid; vivacious; blithe; gleeful; airy; gay; jocund.

LIVELY Live"ly, adv.

1. In a brisk, active, or animated manner; briskly; vigorously. Hayward.

2. With strong resemblance of life. [Obs.] Thou counterfeitest most lively. Shak.

LIVER Liv"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, lives. And try if life be worth the liver's care. Prior.

2. A resident; a dweller; as, a liver in Brooklyn.

3. One whose course of life has some marked characteristic (expressed by an adjective); as, a free liver. Fast liver, one who lives in an extravagant and dissipated way. -- Free liver, Good liver, one given to the pleasures of the table. -- Loose liver, a person who lives a somewhat dissolute life.

LIVER Liv"er, n. Etym: [AS. lifer; akin to D. liver, G. leber, OHG. lebara, Icel. lifr, Sw. lefver, and perh. to Gr. live, v.] (Anat.)

Defn: A very large glandular and vascular organ in the visceral cavity of all vertebrates.

Note: Most of the venous blood from the alimentary canal passes through it on its way back to the heart; and it secretes the bile, produces glycogen, and in other ways changes the blood which passes through it. In man it is situated immediately beneath the diaphragm and mainly on the right side. See Bile, Digestive, and Glycogen. The liver of invertebrate animals is usually made up of cæcal tubes, and differs materially, in form and function, from that of vertebrates. Floating liver. See Wandering liver, under Wandering. -- Liver of antimony, Liver of sulphur. (Old Chem.) See Hepar. -- Liver brown, Liver color, the color of liver, a dark, reddish brown. -- Liver shark (Zoöl.), a very large shark (Cetorhinus maximus), inhabiting the northern coasts both of Europe and North America. It sometimes becomes forty feet in length, being one of the largest sharks known; but it has small simple teeth, and is not dangerous. It is captured for the sake of its liver, which often yields several barrels of oil. It has gill rakers, resembling whalebone, by means of which it separates small animals from the sea water. Called also basking shark, bone shark, hoemother, homer, and sailfish. -- Liver spots, yellowish brown patches or spots of chloasma.

LIVER Liv"er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The glossy ibis (Ibis falcinellus); -- said to have given its name to the city of Liverpool.

LIVER-COLORED Liv"er-col`ored, a.

Defn: Having a color like liver; dark reddish brown.

LIVERED Liv"ered, a.

Defn: Having (such) a liver; used in composition; as, white-livered.

LIVER-GROWN Liv"er-grown`, a.

Defn: Having an enlarged liver. Dunglison.

LIVERIED Liv"er*ied, a.

Defn: Wearing a livery. See Livery, 3. The liveried servants wait. Parnell.

LIVERING Liv"er*ing, n.

Defn: A kind of pudding or sausage made of liver or pork. [Obs.] Chapman.

LIVERLEAF Liv"er*leaf`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Liverwort.

LIVERWORT Liv"er*wort`, n. (Bot.)

1. A ranunculaceous plant (Anemone Hepatica) with pretty white or bluish flowers and a three-lobed leaf; -- called also squirrel cups.

2. A flowerless plant (Marchantia polymorpha), having an irregularly lobed, spreading, and forking frond.

Note: From this plant many others of the same order (Hepaticæ) have been vaguely called liverworts, esp. those of the tribe Marchantiaceæ. See Illust. of Hepatica.

LIVERY Liv"er*y, n.; pl. Liveries. Etym: [OE. livere, F. livrée, formerly, a gift of clothes made by the master to his servants, prop., a thing delivered, fr. livrer to deliver, L. liberare to set free, in LL., to deliver up. See Liberate.]

1. (Eng. Law) (a) The act of delivering possession of lands or tenements. (b) The writ by which possession is obtained.

Note: It is usual to say, livery of seizin, which is a feudal investiture, made by the delivery of a turf, of a rod, or twig, from the feoffor to the feoffee. In the United States, and now in Great Britain, no such ceremony is necessary, the delivery of a deed being sufficient.

2. Release from wardship; deliverance. It concerned them first to sue out their livery from the unjust wardship of his encroaching prerogative. Milton.

3. That which is delivered out statedly or formally, as clothing, food, etc.; especially: (a) The uniform clothing issued by feudal superiors to their retainers and serving as a badge when in military service. (b) The peculiar dress by which the servants of a nobleman or gentleman are distinguished; as, a claret-colored livery. (c) Hence, also, the peculiar dress or garb appropriated by any association or body of persons to their own use; as, the livery of the London tradesmen, of a priest, of a charity school, etc.; also, the whole body or company of persons wearing such a garb, and entitled to the privileges of the association; as, the whole livery of London. A Haberdasher and a Carpenter, A Webbe, a Dyer, and a Tapicer, And they were clothed all in one livery Of a solempne and a gret fraternite. Chaucer. From the periodical deliveries of these characteristic articles of servile costume (blue coats) came our word livery. De Quincey.

(d) Hence, any characteristic dress or outward appearance. " April's livery." Sir P. Sidney. Now came still evening on, and twilight gray Had in her sober livery all things clad. Milton.

(e) An allowance of food statedly given out; a ration, as to a family, to servants, to horses, etc. The emperor's officers every night went through the town from house to house whereat any English gentleman did repast or lodge, and served their liveries for all night: first, the officers brought into the house a cast of fine manchet [white bread], and of silver two great post, and white wine, and sugar. Cavendish.

(f) The feeding, stabling, and care of horses for compensation; boarding; as, to keep one's horses at livery. What livery is, we by common use in England know well enough, namely, that is, allowance of horse meat, as to keep horses at livery, the which word, I guess, is derived of livering or delivering forth their nightly food. Spenser. It need hardly be observed that the explanation of livery which Spenser offers is perfectly correct, but . . . it is no longer applied to the ration or stated portion of food delivered at stated periods. Trench.

(g) The keeping of horses in readiness to be hired temporarily for riding or driving; the state of being so kept. Pegasus does not stand at livery even at the largest establishment in Moorfields. Lowell.

4. A low grade of wool. Livery gown, the gown worn by a liveryman in London.

LIVERY Liv"er*y, v. t.

Defn: To clothe in, or as in, livery. Shak.

LIVERYMAN Liv"er*y*man, n.; pl. Liverymen (.

1. One who wears a livery, as a servant.

2. A freeman of the city, in London, who, having paid certain fees, is entitled to wear the distinguishing dress or livery of the company to which he belongs, and also to enjoy certain other privileges, as the right of voting in an election for the lord mayor, sheriffs, chamberlain, etc.

3. One who keeps a livery stable.

LIVERY STABLE Liv"er*y sta`ble

Defn: . A stable where horses are kept for hire, and where stabling is provided. See Livery, n., 3 (e) (f) & (g).

LIVES Lives, n.;

Defn: pl. of Life.

LIVES Lives, a. & adv. Etym: [Orig. a genitive sing. of life.]

Defn: Alive; living; with life. [Obs.] " Any lives creature." Chaucer.

LIVID Liv"id, a. Etym: [L. lividus, from livere to be of a blush color, to be black and blue: cf. F. livide.]

Defn: Black and blue; grayish blue; of a lead color; discolored, as flesh by contusion. Cowper. There followed no carbuncles, no purple or livid spots, the mass of the blood not being tainted. Bacon.

LIVIDITY Li*vid"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lividité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being livid.

LIVIDNESS Liv"id*ness, n.

Defn: Lividity. Walpole.

LIVING Liv"ing, a. Etym: [From Live, v. i.]

1. Being alive; having life; as, a living creature.

2. Active; lively; vigorous; -- said esp. of states of the mind , and sometimes of abstract things; as, a living faith; a living principle. " Living hope. " Wyclif.

3. Issuing continually from the earth; running; flowing; as, a living spring; -- opposed to stagnant.

4. Producing life, action, animation, or vigor; quickening. " Living light." Shak.

5. Ignited; glowing with heat; burning; live. Then on the living coals wine they pour. Dryden. Living force. See Vis viva, under Vis. -- Living gale (Naut.), a heavy gale. Living rock or stone, rock in its native or original state or location; rock not quarried. " I now found myself on a rude and narrow stairway, the steps of which were cut of the living rock." Moore. -- The living, those who are alive, or one who is alive.

LIVING Liv"ing, n.

1. The state of one who, or that which, lives; lives; life; existence. "Health and living." Shak.

2. Manner of life; as, riotous living; penurious living; earnest living. " A vicious living." Chaucer.

3. Means of subsistence; sustenance; estate. She can spin for her living. Shak. He divided unto them his living. Luke xv. 12.

4. Power of continuing life; the act of living, or living comfortably. There is no living without trusting somebody or other in some cases. L' Estrange.

5. The benefice of a clergyman; an ecclesiastical charge which a minister receives. [Eng.] He could not get a deanery, a prebend, or even a living Macaulay. Livng room, the room most used by the family.

LIVINGLY Liv"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a living state. Sir T. Browne.

LIVINGNESS Liv"ing*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being alive; possession of energy or vigor; animation; quickening.

LIVING PICTURE Liv"ing pic"ture.

Defn: A tableau in which persons take part; also, specif., such a tableau as imitating a work of art.

LIVONIAN Li*vo"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Livonia, a district of Russia near the Baltic Sea.

LIVONIAN Li*vo"ni*an, n.

Defn: A native or an inhabitant of Livonia; the language (allied to the Finnish) of the Livonians.

LIVOR Li"vor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Malignity. [P.] Burton.

LIVRAISON Li`vrai`son", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. liberatio a setting free, in LL., a delivering up. See Liberation.]

Defn: A part of a book or literary composition printed and delivered by itself; a number; a part.

LIVRE Li"vre, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. libra a pound of twelve ounces. Cf. Lira.]

Defn: A French money of account, afterward a silver coin equal to 20 sous. It is not now in use, having been superseded by the franc.

LIXIVIAL Lix*iv"i*al, a. Etym: [L. lixivius, fr. lix ashes, lye ashes, lye: cf. F. lixiviel.]

1. Impregnated with, or consisting of, alkaline salts extracted from wood ashes; impregnated with a salt or salts like a lixivium. Boyle.

2. Of the color of lye; resembling lye.

3. Having the qualities of alkaline salts extracted from wood ashes. Lixivial salts (Old Chem.), salts which are obtained by passing water through ashes, or by pouring it on them.

LIXIVIATE; LIXIVITED Lix*iv"i*ate, Lix*iv"i*`ted, a. Etym: [From Lixivium.]

1. Of or pertaining to lye or lixivium; of the quality of alkaline salts.

2. Impregnated with salts from wood ashes. Boyle.

LIXIVIATE Lix*iv"i*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lixiviated; p. pr. & vb. n. Lixiviating.]

Defn: To subject to a washing process for the purpose of separating soluble material from that which is insoluble; to leach, as ashes, for the purpose of extracting the alkaline substances.

LIXIVIATION Lix*iv`i*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lixiviation.]

Defn: Lixiviating; the process of separating a soluble substance form one that is insoluble, by washing with some solvent, as water; leaching.

LIXIVIOUS Lix*iv"i*ous, a.

Defn: See Lixivial.

LIXIVIUM Lix*iv"i*um, n. Etym: [L. lixivium, lixivia. See Lixivial.]

Defn: A solution of alkaline salts extracted from wood ashes; hence, any solution obtained by lixiviation.

LIXT Lixt, obs.

Defn: 2d pers. sing. pres. of Lige, to lie, to tell lies, -- contracted for ligest. Chaucer.

LIZA Li"za, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American white mullet (Mugil curema).

LIZARD Liz"ard, n. Etym: [OE. lesarde, OF. lesarde, F. lézard, L. lacerta, lacertus. Cf. Alligator, Lacerta.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of the numerous species of reptiles belonging to the order Lacertilia; sometimes, also applied to reptiles of other orders, as the Hatteria.

Note: Most lizards have an elongated body, with four legs, and a long tail; but there are some without legs, and some with a short, thick tail. Most have scales, but some are naked; most have eyelids, but some do not. The tongue is varied in form and structure. In some it is forked, in others, as the chameleons, club-shaped, and very extensible. See Amphisbæna, Chameleon, Gecko, Gila monster, Horned toad, Iguana, and Dragon, 6.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A piece of rope with thimble or block spliced into one or both of the ends. R. H. Dana, Ir.

3. A piece of timber with a forked end, used in dragging a heavy stone, a log, or the like, from a field. Lizard fish (Zoöl.), a marine scopeloid fish of the genus Synodus, or Saurus, esp. S. foetens of the Southern United States and West Indies; -- called also sand pike. -- Lizard snake (Zoöl.), the garter snake (Eutænia sirtalis). -- Lizard stone (Min.), a kind of serpentine from near Lizard Point, Cornwall, England, -- used for ornamental purposes.

LIZARD'S TAIL Liz"ard's tail`. (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial plant of the genus Saururus (S. cernuus), growing in marshes, and having white flowers crowded in a slender terminal spike, somewhat resembling in form a lizard's tail; whence the name. Gray.

LLAMA Lla"ma, n. Etym: [Peruv.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American ruminant (Auchenia llama), allied to the camels, but much smaller and without a hump. It is supposed to be a domesticated variety of the guanaco. It was formerly much used as a beast of burden in the Andes.

LLANDEILO GROUP Llan*dei"lo group`. (Geol.)

Defn: A series of strata in the lower Silurian formations of Great Britain; -- so named from Llandeilo in Southern Wales. See Chart of Geology.

LLANERO Lla*ne"ro, n. Etym: [Sp. Amer.]

Defn: One of the inhabitants of the llanos of South America.

LLANO Lla"no, n.; pl. Llanos. Etym: [Sp., plain even, level. See Plain.]

Defn: An extensive plain with or without vegetation. [Spanish America]

LLOYD'S Lloyd's, n.

1. An association of underwriters and others in London, for the collection and diffusion of marine intelligence, the insurance, classification, registration, and certifying of vessels, and the transaction of business of various kinds connected with shipping.

2. A part of the Royal Exchange, in London, appropriated to the use of underwriters and insurance brokers; -- called also Lloyd's Rooms.

Note: The name is derived from Lloyd's Coffee House, in Lombard Street, where there were formerly rooms for the same purpose. The name Lloyd or Lloyd's has been taken by several associations, in different parts of Europe, established for purposes similar to those of the original association. Lloyd's agents, persons employed in various parts of the world, by the association called Lloyd's, to serve its interests. -- Lloyd's list, a publication of the latest news respecting shipping matters, with lists of vessels, etc., made under the direction of Lloyd's. Brande & C. -- Lloyd's register, a register of vessels rated according to their quality, published yearly.

LO Lo, interj. Etym: [OE. lo, low; perh. akin to E. look, v.]

Defn: Look; see; behold; observe. " Lo, here is Christ." Matt. xxiv. 23. " Lo, we turn to the Gentiles." Acts xiii. 46.

LOACH Loach, n. Etym: [OE. loche, F. loche.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several small, fresh-water, cyprinoid fishes of the genera Cobitis, Nemachilus, and allied genera, having six or more barbules around the mouth. They are found in Europe and Asia. The common European species (N. barbatulus) is used as a food fish.

LOAD Load, n. Etym: [OE. lode load, way; properly the same word as lode, but confused with lade, load, v. See Lade, Lead, v., Lode.]

1. A burden; that which is laid on or put in anything for conveyance; that which is borne or sustained; a weight; as, a heavy load. He might such a load To town with his ass carry. Gower.

2. The quantity which can be carried or drawn in some specified way; the contents of a cart, barrow, or vessel; that which will constitute a cargo; lading.

3. That which burdens, oppresses, or grieves the mind or spirits; as, a load of care. " A . . . load of guilt." Ray. " Our life's a load." Dryden.

4. A particular measure for certain articles, being as much as may be carried at one time by the conveyance commonly used for the article measured; as, a load of wood; a load of hay; specifically, five quarters.

5. The charge of a firearm; as, a load of powder.

6. Weight or violence of blows. [Obs.] Milton.

7. (Mach.)

Defn: The work done by a steam engine or other prime mover when working. Load line, or Load water line (Naut.), the line on the outside of a vessel indicating the depth to which it sinks in the water when loaded.

Syn. -- Burden; lading; weight; cargo. See Burden.

LOAD Load, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Loaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Loading. Loaden is obsolete, and laden belongs to lade.]

1. To lay a load or burden on or in, as on a horse or in a cart; to charge with a load, as a gun; to furnish with a lading or cargo, as a ship; hence, to add weight to, so as to oppress or embarrass; to heap upon. I strive all in vain to load the cart. Gascoigne. I have loaden me with many spoils. Shak. Those honors deep and broad, wherewith Your majesty loads our house. Shak.

2. To adulterate or drug; as, to load wine. [Cant]

3. To magnetize.[Obs.] Prior. Loaded dice, dice with one side made heavier than the others, so that the number on the opposite side will come up oftenest.

LOADER Load"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, loads; a mechanical contrivance for loading, as a gun.

LOADING Load"ing, n.

1. The act of putting a load on or into.

2. A load; cargo; burden. Shak.

LOADMANAGE; LODEMANAGE Load"man*age, Lode"man*age, n.

Defn: Pilotage; skill of a pilot or loadsman. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOADSMAN; LODESMAN Loads"man, Lodes"man, n. Etym: [Load, lode + man. See Lode.]

Defn: A pilot. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOADSTAR; LODESTAR Load"star`, Lode"star`, n. Etym: [Load, lode + star. See Lode.]

Defn: A star that leads; a guiding star; esp., the polestar; the cynosure. Chaucer. " Your eyes are lodestars." Shak. The pilot can no loadstar see. Spenser.

LOADSTONE; LODESTONE Load"stone`, Lode"stone, n. Etym: [Load, lode + stone.] (Min.)

Defn: A piece of magnetic iron ore possessing polarity like a magnetic needle. See Magnetite.

LOAF Loaf, n.; pl. Loaves. Etym: [OE. lof, laf, AS. hlaf; akin to G. laib, OHG. hleip, Icel. hleifr, Goth. hlaifs, Russ. khlieb', Lith. klëpas. Cf. Lady, Lammas, Lord.]

Defn: Any thick lump, mass, or cake; especially, a large regularly shaped or molded mass, as of bread, sugar, or cake. Bacon. Loaf sugar, refined sugar that has been formed into a conical loaf in a mold.

LOAF Loaf, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Loafed; p. pr. & vb. n. Loafing.] Etym: [G. laufen to run, Prov. G. loofen. See Leap.]

Defn: To spend time in idleness; to lounge or loiter about. " Loafing vagabonds." W. Black.

LOAF Loaf, v. t.

Defn: To spend in idleness; -- with away; as, to loaf time away.

LOAFER Loaf"er, n. Etym: [G. läufer a runner, Prov. G. laufer, lofer, fr. laufen to run. See Leap.]

Defn: One who loafs; a lazy lounger. Lowell.

LOAM Loam, n. Etym: [AS. lam; akin to D. leem, G. lehm, and E. lime. See 4th Lime.]

1. A kind of soil; an earthy mixture of clay and sand, with organic matter to which its fertility is chiefly due. We wash a wall of loam; we labor in vain. Hooker.

2. (Founding)

Defn: A mixture of sand, clay, and other materials, used in making molds for large castings, often without a pattern. Loam mold (Founding), a mold made with loam. See Loam, n., 2. -- Loam molding, the process or business of making loam molds. Loam plate, an iron plate upon which a section of a loam mold rests, or from which it is suspended. -- Loam work, loam molding or loam molds.

LOAM Loam, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Loamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Loaming.]

Defn: To cover, smear, or fill with loam.

LOAMY Loam"y, a.

Defn: Consisting of loam; partaking of the nature of loam; resembling loam. Bacon.

LOAN Loan, n. Etym: [See Lawn.]

Defn: A loanin. [Scot.]

LOAN Loan, n. Etym: [OE. lone, lane, AS. lan, læn, fr. león to lend; akin to D. leen loan, fief, G. lehen fief, Icel. lan, G. leihen to lend, OHG. lihan, Icel. lji, Goth. leihwan, L. linquere to leave, Gr. ric. Delinquent, Eclipse, Eleven, Ellipse, Lend, License, Relic.]

1. The act of lending; a lending; permission to use; as, the loan of a book, money, services.

2. That which one lends or borrows, esp. a sum of money lent at interest; as, he repaid the loan. Loan office. (a) An office at which loans are negotiated, or at which the accounts of loans are kept, and the interest paid to the lender. (b) A pawnbroker's shop.

LOAN Loan, n. t. [imp. & p. p. Loaned; p. pr. & vb. n. Loaning.]

Defn: To lend; -- sometimes with out. Kent. By way of location or loaning them out. J. Langley (1644).

LOANABLE Loan"a*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be lent; available for lending; as, loanable funds; -- used mostly in financial business and writings.

LOANIN; LOANING Loan"in, Loan"ing, n. Etym: [From Scotch loan, E. lawn.]

Defn: An open space between cultivated fields through which cattle are driven, and where the cows are sometimes milked; also, a lane. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

LOANMONGER Loan"mon`ger, n.

Defn: A dealer in, or negotiator of, loans. The millions of the loanmonger. Beaconsfield.

LOATH Loath, a. Etym: [OE. looth, loth, AS. la hostile, odious; akin to OS. l, G. leid, Icel. lei, Sw. led, G. leiden to suffer, OHG. lidan to suffer, go, cf. AS. li to go, Goth. leipan, and E. lead to guide.]

1. Hateful; odious; disliked. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Filled with disgust or aversion; averse; unwilling; reluctant; as, loath to part. Full loth were him to curse for his tithes. Chaucer . Why, then, though loath, yet must I be content. Shak.

LOATHE Loathe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Loathed; p. pr. & vb. n. Loathing.] Etym: [AS. la to hate. See Loath.]

1. To feel extreme disgust at, or aversion for. Loathing the honeyed cakes, I Ionged for bread. Cowley.

2. To dislike greatly; to abhor; to hate. The secret which I loathe. Waller. She loathes the vital sir. Dryden.

Syn. -- To hate; abhor; detest; abominate. See Hate.

LOATHE Loathe, v. i.

Defn: To feel disgust or nausea. [Obs.]

LOATHER Loath"er, n.

Defn: One who loathes.

LOATHFUL Loath"ful, a.

1. Full of loathing; hating; abhorring. "Loathful eyes." Spenser.

2. Causing a feeling of loathing; disgusting. Above the reach of loathful, sinful lust. Spenser.

LOATHING Loath"ing, n.

Defn: Extreme disgust; a feeling of aversion, nausea, abhorrence, or detestation. The mutual fear and loathing of the hostile races. Macaulay.

LOATHINGLY Loath"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With loathing.

LOATHLINESS Loath"li*ness, n.

Defn: Loathsomeness. [Obs.]

LOATHLY Loath"ly, a. Etym: [AS. la.]

Defn: Loathsome. [Obs.] " Loathly mouth." Spenser.

LOATHLY Loath"ly, adv.

1. Unwillingly; reluctantly. This shows that you from nature loathly stray. Donne.

2. ( [Obs.] With dust and blood his locks were loathly dight. Fairfax.

LOATHNESS Loath"ness, n.

Defn: Unwillingness; reluctance. A general silence and loathness to speak. Bacon.

LOATHSOME Loath"some, a.

Defn: Fitted to cause loathing; exciting disgust; disgusting. The most loathsome and deadly forms of infection. Macaulay. -- Loath"some*ly. adv. -- Loath"some*ness, n.

LOATHY Loath"y, a.

Defn: Loathsome. [Obs.] Spenser.

LOAVES Loaves, n.;

Defn: pl. of Loaf.

LOB Lob, n. Etym: [W. llob an unwieldy lump, a dull fellow, a blockhead. Cf. Looby, Lubber.]

1. A dull, heavy person. " Country lobs." Gauden.

2. Something thick and heavy.

LOB Lob, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lobbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Lobbing.]

Defn: To let fall heavily or lazily. And their poor jades Lob down their heads. Shak. To lob a ball (Lawn Tennis), to strike a ball so as to send it up into the air.

LOB Lob, v. t. (Mining)

Defn: See Cob, v. t.

LOB Lob, n. Etym: [Dan. lubbe.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European pollock.

LOBAR Lo"bar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a lobe; characterized by, or like, a lobe or lobes.

LOBATE; LOBATED Lo"bate, Lo"ba*ted, a. Etym: [See Lobe.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Consisting of, or having, lobes; lobed; as, a lobate leaf.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) Having lobes; -- said of the tails of certain fishes having the integument continued to the bases of the fin rays. (b) Furnished with membranous flaps, as the toes of a coot. See Illust. (m) under Aves.

LOBATELY Lo"bate*ly, adv.

Defn: As a lobe; so as to make a lobe; in a lobate manner.

LOBBISH Lob"bish, a.

Defn: Like a lob; consisting of lobs. Sir. P. Sidney.

LOBBY Lob"by, n.; pl. Lobbies. Etym: [LL. lobium, lobia, laubia, a covered portico fit for walking, fr. OHG.louba, G. laube, arbor. See Lodge.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A passage or hall of communication, especially when large enough to serve also as a waiting room. It differs from an antechamber in that a lobby communicates between several rooms, an antechamber to one only; but this distinction is not carefully preserved.

2. That part of a hall of legislation not appropriated to the official use of the assembly; hence, the persons, collectively, who frequent such a place to transact business with the legislators; any persons, not members of a legislative body, who strive to influence its proceedings by personal agency. [U.S.]

3. (Naut.)

Defn: An apartment or passageway in the fore part of an old-fashioned cabin under the quarter-deck.

4. (Agric.)

Defn: A confined place for cattle, formed by hedges. trees, or other fencing, near the farmyard. Lobby member, a lobbyist. [Humorous cant, U. S.]

LOBBY Lob"by, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lobbied; p. pr. & vb. n. Lobbying.]

Defn: To address or solicit members of a legislative body in the lobby or elsewhere, with the purpose to influence their votes.[U.S.] Bartlett.

LOBBY Lob"by, v. t.

Defn: To urge the adoption or passage of by soliciting members of a legislative body; as, to lobby a bill. [U.S.]

LOBBYIST Lob"by*ist, n.

Defn: A member of the lobby; a person who solicits members of a legislature for the purpose of influencing legislation. [U.S.]

LOBCOCK Lob"cock`, n.

Defn: A dull, sluggish person; a lubber; a lob. [Low]

LOBE Lobe, n. Etym: [F. lobe, Gr.

Defn: Any projection or division, especially one of a somewhat rounded form; as: (a) (Bot.) A rounded projection or division of a leaf. Gray. (b)(Zoöl.)

Defn: A membranous flap on the sides of the toes of certain birds, as the coot. (c) (Anat.) A round projecting part of an organ, as of the liver, lungs, brain, etc. See Illust. of Brain. (b) (Mach.) The projecting part of a cam wheel or of a non-circular gear wheel. Lobe of the ear, the soft, fleshy prominence in which the human ear terminates below. See. Illust. of Ear.

LOBED Lobed, a.

Defn: Having lobes; lobate.

LOBEFOOT Lobe"foot`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird having lobate toes; esp., a phalarope.

LOBE-FOOTED Lobe"-foot`ed, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Lobiped.

LOBELET Lobe"let, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A small lobe; a lobule.

LOBELIA Lo*be"li*a, n. Etym: [NL. So called from Lobel, botanist to King James I.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants, including a great number of species. Lobelia inflata, or Indian tobacco, is an annual plant of North America, whose leaves contain a poisonous white viscid juice, of an acrid taste. It has often been used in medicine as an emetic, expectorant, etc. L. cardinalis is the cardinal flower, remarkable for the deep and vivid red color of its flowers.

LOBELIACEOUS Lo*be`li*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants of which the genus Lobelia is the type.

LOBELIN Lo*be"lin, n. (Med.)

Defn: A yellowish green resin from Lobelia, used as an emetic and diaphoretic.

LOBELINE Lo*be"line, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous narcotic alkaloid extracted from the leaves of Indian tobacco (Lobelia inflata) as a yellow oil, having a tobaccolike taste and odor.

LOBIPED Lo"bi*ped, a. Etym: [Lobe + L. pes, pedis, foot.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having lobate toes, as a coot.

LOBLOLLY Lob"lol`ly, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: Gruel; porridge; -- so called among seamen. Loblolly bay (Bot.), an elegant white-flowered evergreen shrub or small tree, of the genus Gordonia (G. Lasianthus), growing in the maritime parts of the Southern United States. Its bark is sometimes used in tanning. Also, a similar West Indian tree (Laplacea hæmatoxylon). -- Loblolly boy, a surgeon's attendant on shipboard. Smollett. -- Loblolly pine (Bot.), a kind of pitch pine found from Delaware southward along the coast; old field pine (Pinus Tæda). Also, P. Bahamensis, of the West Indies. -- Loblolly tree (Bot.), a name of several West Indian trees, having more or less leathery foliage, but alike in no other respect; as Pisonia subcordata, Cordia alba, and Cupania glabra.

LOBOSA Lo*bo"sa, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Lobe.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Rhizopoda, in which the pseudopodia are thick and irregular in form, as in the Amoeba.

LOBSCOUSE Lob"scouse`, n. Etym: [Written also lobscourse from which lobscouse is corrupted.] Etym: [Lob + course.] (Naut.)

Defn: A combination of meat with vegetables, bread, etc., usually stewed, sometimes baked; an olio.

LOBSIDED Lob"sid`ed, a.

Defn: See Lopsided.

LOBSPOUND Lobs"pound`, n. Etym: [Lob + pound a prison.]

Defn: A prison. [Obs.] Hudibras.

LOBSTER Lob"ster, n. Etym: [AS. loppestre, lopystre prob., corrupted fr. L. locusta a marine shellfish, a kind of lobster, a locust. Cf. Locust.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any large macrurous crustacean used as food, esp. those of the genus Homarus; as the American lobster (H. Americanus), and the European lobster (H. vulgaris). The Norwegian lobster (Nephrops Norvegicus) is similar in form. All these have a pair of large unequal claws. The spiny lobsters of more southern waters, belonging to Palinurus, Panulirus, and allied genera, have no large claws. The fresh-water crayfishes are sometimes called lobsters. Lobster caterpillar (Zoöl.), the caterpillar of a European bombycid moth (Stauropus fagi); -- so called from its form. Lobster louse (Zoöl.), a copepod crustacean (Nicothoë astaci) parasitic on the gills of the European lobster.

LOBULAR Lob"u*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. lobulaire.]

Defn: Like a lobule; pertaining to a lobule or lobules.

LOBULATE; LOBULATED Lob"u*late, Lob"u*la`ted, a.

Defn: Made up of, or divided into, lobules; as, a lobulated gland.

LOBULE Lob"ule, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lobule, dim. of lobe. See Lobe.]

Defn: A small lobe; a subdivision of a lobe. Lobule of the ear. (Anat.) Same as Lobe of the ear.

LOBULETTE Lob`u*lette", n. Etym: [Dim. of lobule.] (Anat.)

Defn: A little lobule, or subdivision of a lobule.

LOBWORM Lob"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lugworm.

LOCAL Lo"cal, a. Etym: [L. localis, fr. locus place: cf. F. local. See Lieu, Locus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a particular place, or to a definite region or portion of space; restricted to one place or region; as, a local custom. Gives to airy nothing A local habitation and a name. Shak. Local actions (Law), actions such as must be brought in a particular county, where the cause arises; -- distinguished from transitory actions. -- Local affection (Med.), a disease or ailment confined to a particular part or organ, and not directly affecting the system. -- Local attraction (Magnetism), an attraction near a compass, causing its needle to deviate from its proper direction, especially on shipboard. -- Local battery (Teleg.), the battery which actuates the recording instruments of a telegraphic station, as distinguished from the battery furnishing a current for the line. -- Local circuit (Teleg.), the circuit of the local battery. -- Local color. (a) (Paint.) The color which belongs to an object, and is not caused by accidental influences, as of reflection, shadow, etc. (b) (Literature) Peculiarities of the place and its inhabitants where the scene of an action or story is laid. -- Local option, the right or obligation of determining by popular vote within certain districts, as in each county, city, or town, whether the sale of alcoholic beverages within the district shall be allowed.

LOCAL Lo"cal, n.

1. (Railroad)

Defn: A train which receives and deposits passengers or freight along the line of the road; a train for the accommodation of a certain district. [U.S.]

2. On newspaper cant, an item of news relating to the place where the paper is published. [U.S.]

LOCALE Lo`cale", n. Etym: [F. local.]

1. A place, spot, or location.

2. A principle, practice, form of speech, or other thing of local use, or limited to a locality.

LOCALISM Lo"cal*ism, n.

1. The state or quality of being local; affection for a particular place.

2. A method of speaking or acting peculiar to a certain district; a local idiom or phrase.

LOCALITY Lo*cal"i*ty, n.; pl. Localitiees (. Etym: [L. localitas: cf. F. localité.]

1. The state, or condition, of belonging to a definite place, or of being contained within definite limits. It is thought that the soul and angels are devoid of quantity and dimension, and that they have nothing to do with grosser locality. Glanvill.

2. Position; situation; a place; a spot; esp., a geographical place or situation, as of a mineral or plant.

3. Limitation to a county, district, or place; as, locality of trial. Blackstone.

4. (Phren.)

Defn: The perceptive faculty concerned with the ability to remember the relative positions of places.

LOCALIZATION Lo`cal*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. localisation.]

Defn: Act of localizing, or state of being localized. Cerebral localization (Physiol.), the localization of the control of special functions, as of sight or of the various movements of the body, in special regions of the brain.

LOCALIZE Lo"cal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Localized; p. pr. & vb. n. Localizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. localiser. See Local.]

Defn: To make local; to fix in, or assign to, a definite place. H. Spencer. Wordsworth.

LOCALLY Lo"cal*ly, adv.

Defn: With respect to place; in place; as, to be locally separated or distant.

LOCATE Lo"cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Located; p. pr. & vb. n. Locating.] Etym: [L. locatus, p. p. of locare to place, fr. locus place. See Local.]

1. To place; to set in a particular spot or position. The captives and emigrants whom he brought with him were located in the trans-Tiberine quarter. B. F. Westcott.

2. To designate the site or place of; to define the limits of; as, to locate a public building; to locate a mining claim; to locate (the land granted by) a land warrant. That part of the body in which the sense of touch is located. H. Spencer.

LOCATE Lo"cate, v. i.

Defn: To place one's self; to take up one's residence; to settle. [Colloq.]

LOCATION Lo*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. locatio, fr. locare.]

1. The act or process of locating.

2. Situation; place; locality. Locke.

3. That which is located; a tract of land designated in place. [U.S.]

4. (Law) (a) (Civil Law) A leasing on rent. (b) (Scots Law) A contract for the use of a thing, or service of a person, for hire. Wharton. (c) (Amer. Law)

Defn: The marking out of the boundaries, or identifying the place or site of, a piece of land, according to the description given in an entry, plan, map, etc. Burrill. Bouvier.

LOCATIVE Loc"a*tive, a. (Gram.)

Defn: Indicating place, or the place where, or wherein; as, a locative adjective; locative case of a noun. -- n.

Defn: The locative case.

LOCATOR Lo"ca*tor, n.

Defn: One who locates, or is entitled to locate, land or a mining claim. [U.S.]

LOCELLATE Lo*cel"late, a. Etym: [L. locellus a compartment, dim. of locus a place.] (Bot.)

Defn: Divided into secondary compartments or cells, as where one cavity is separated into several smaller ones.

LOCH Loch, n. Etym: [Gael. & Olr. loch. See Lake of water.]

Defn: A lake; a bay or arm of the sea. [Scot.]

LOCH Loch, n. Etym: [F. looch, Ar. la', an electuary, or any medicine which may be licked or sucked, fr. la' to lick.] (Med.)

Defn: A kind of medicine to be taken by licking with the tongue; a lambative; a lincture.

LOCHABER AX; LOCHABER AXE Loch*a"ber ax", Loch*a"ber axe". Etym: [So called from Lochaber, in Scotland.]

Defn: A weapon of war, consisting of a pole armed with an axhead at its end, formerly used by the Scotch Highlanders.

LOCHAGE Loch"age, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: An officer who commanded a company; a captain. Mitford.

LOCHAN Loch"an, n. Etym: [Gael. See 1st Loch.]

Defn: A small lake; a pond. [Scot.] A pond or lochan rather than a lake. H. Miller.

LOCHE Loche, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Loach.

LOCHIA Lo*chi"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The discharge from the womb and vagina which follows childbirth.

LOCHIAL Lo"chi*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. lochial.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the lochia.

LOCK Lock, n. Etym: [AS. locc; akin to D. lok, G. locke, OHG. loc, Icel. lokkr, and perh. to Gr.

Defn: A tuft of hair; a flock or small quantity of wool, hay, or other like substance; a tress or ringlet of hair. These gray locks, the pursuivants of death. Shak.

LOCK Lock, n. Etym: [AS. loc inclosure, an inclosed place, the fastening of a door, fr. lucan to lock, fasten; akin to OS. lukan (in comp.), D. luiken, OHG. luhhan, Icel. l, Goth. lukan (in comp.); cf. Skr. ruj to break. Cf. Locket.]

1. Anything that fastens; specifically, a fastening, as for a door, a lid, a trunk, a drawer, and the like, in which a bolt is moved by a key so as to hold or to release the thing fastened.

2. A fastening together or interlacing; a closing of one thing upon another; a state of being fixed or immovable. Albemarle Street closed by a lock of carriages. De Quincey.

3. A place from which egress is prevented, as by a lock. Dryden.

4. The barrier or works which confine the water of a stream or canal.

5. An inclosure in a canal with gates at each end, used in raising or lowering boats as they pass from one level to another; -- called also lift lock.

6. That part or apparatus of a firearm by which the charge is exploded; as, a matchlock, flintlock, percussion lock, etc.

7. A device for keeping a wheel from turning.

8. A grapple in wrestling. Milton. Detector lock, a lock containing a contrivance for showing whether it as has been tampered with. -- Lock bay (Canals), the body of water in a lock chamber. -- Lock chamber, the inclosed space between the gates of a canal lock. -- Lock nut. See Check nut, under Check. -- Lock plate, a plate to which the mechanism of a gunlock is attached. -- Lock rail (Arch.), in ordinary paneled doors, the rail nearest the lock. Lock rand (Masonry), a range of bond stone. Knight. -- Mortise lock, a door lock inserted in a mortise. -- Rim lock, a lock fastened to the face of a door, thus differing from a mortise lock.

LOCK Lock, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Locked; p. pr. & vb. n. Locking.]

1. To fasten with a lock, or as with a lock; to make fast; to prevent free movement of; as, to lock a door, a carriage wheel, a river, etc.

2. To prevent ingress or access to, or exit from, by fastening the lock or locks of; -- often with up; as, to lock or lock up, a house, jail, room, trunk. etc.

3. To fasten in or out, or to make secure by means of, or as with, locks; to confine, or to shut in or out -- often with up; as, to lock one's self in a room; to lock up the prisoners; to lock up one's silver; to lock intruders out of the house; to lock money into a vault; to lock a child in one's arms; to lock a secret in one's breast.

4. To link together; to clasp closely; as, to lock arms. " Lock hand in hand." Shak.

5. (Canals)

Defn: To furnish with locks; also, to raise or lower (a boat) in a lock.

6. (Fencing)

Defn: To seize, as the sword arm of an antagonist, by turning the left arm around it, to disarm him.

LOCK Lock, v. i.

Defn: To become fast, as by means of a lock or by interlacing; as, the door locks close. When it locked none might through it pass. Spenser. To lock into, to fit or slide into; as, they lock into each other. Boyle.

LOCKAGE Lock"age, n.

1. Materials for locks in a canal, or the works forming a lock or locks.

2. Toll paid for passing the locks of a canal.

3. Amount of elevation and descent made by the locks of a canal. The entire lock will be about fifty feet. De Witt Clinton.

LOCK-DOWN Lock"-down`, n.

Defn: A contrivance to fasten logs together in rafting; -- used by lumbermen. [U.S.]

LOCKED-JAW Locked"-jaw`, n.

Defn: See Lockjaw.

LOCKEN Lock"en, obs. p. p.

Defn: of Lock. Chaucer.

LOCKEN Lock"en, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The globeflower (Trollius).

LOCKER Lock"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, locks.

2. A drawer, cupboard, compartment, or chest, esp. one in a ship, that may be closed with a lock. Chain locker (Naut.), a compartment in the hold of a vessel, for holding the chain cables. -- Davy Jones's locker, or Davy's locker. See Davy Jones. -- Shot locker, a compartment where shot are deposited. Totten.

LOCKET Lock"et, n. Etym: [F. loquet latch, dim. of OF. loc latch, lock; of German origin. See Lock a fastening.]

1. A small lock; a catch or spring to fasten a necklace or other ornament.

2. A little case for holding a miniature or lock of hair, usually suspended from a necklace or watch chain.

LOCK HOSPITAL Lock" hos"pi*tal

Defn: . A hospital for the treatment of venereal diseases. [Eng.]

LOCKJAW Lock"jaw`, n. (Med.)

Defn: A contraction of the muscles of the jaw by which its motion is suspended; a variety of tetanus.

LOCKLESS Lock"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a lock.

LOCKMAN Lock"man, n.

Defn: A public executioner. [Scot.]

LOCKOUT Lock"out`, n.

Defn: The closing of a factory or workshop by an employer, usually in order to bring the workmen to satisfactory terms by a suspension of wages.

LOCKRAM Lock"ram, n. Etym: [F. locrenan, locronan; from Locronan, in Brittany, where it is said to have been made.]

Defn: A kind of linen cloth anciently used in England, originally imported from Brittany. Shak.

LOCKSMITH Lock"smith`, n.

Defn: An artificer whose occupation is to make or mend locks.

LOCK STEP Lock" step`

Defn: . A mode of marching by a body of men going one after another as closely as possible, in which the leg of each moves at the same time with the corresponding leg of the person before him.

LOCK STITCH Lock" stitch`

Defn: . A peculiar sort of stitch formed by the locking of two threads together, as in the work done by some sewing machines. See Stitch.

LOCKUP Lock"up`, n.

Defn: A place where persons under arrest are temporarily locked up; a watchhouse.

LOCK-WEIR Lock"-weir`, n.

Defn: A waste weir for a canal, discharging into a lock chamber.

LOCKY Lock"y, a.

Defn: Having locks or tufts. [R.] Sherwood.

LOCO Lo"co, adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: A direction in written or printed music to return to the proper pitch after having played an octave higher.

LOCO Lo"co, n. Etym: [Sp. loco insane.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Astragalus Hornii) growing in the Southwestern United States, which is said to poison horses and cattle, first making them insane. The name is also given vaguely to several other species of the same genus. Called also loco weed.

LOCO DISEASE Loco disease. (Veter.)

Defn: A chronic nervous affection of cattle, horses, and sheep, caused by eating the loco weed and characterized by a slow, measured gait, high step, glassy eyes with defective vision, delirium, and gradual emaciation.

LOCOFOCO Lo`co*fo"co, n. Etym: [Of uncertain etymol.; perh. for L. loco foci instead of fire; or, according to Bartlett, it was called so from a self-lighting cigar, with a match composition at the end, invented in 1834 by John Marck of New York, and called by him locofoco cigar, in imitation of the word locomotive, which by the uneducated was supposed to mean, self-moving.]

1. A friction match. [U.S.]

2. A nickname formerly given to a member of the Democratic party. [U.S.]

Note: The name was first applied, in 1834, to a portion of the Democratic party, because, at a meeting in Tammany Hall, New York, in which there was great diversity of sentiment, the chairman left his seat, and the lights were extinguished, for the purpose of dissolving the meeting; when those who were opposed to an adjournment produced locofoco matches, rekindled the lights, continued the meeting, and accomplished their object.

LOCOMOTION Lo`co*mo"tion, n. Etym: [L. locus place + motio motion: cf. F. locomotion. See Local, and Motion.]

1. The act of moving from place to place. " Animal locomotion." Milton.

2. The power of moving from place to place, characteristic of the higher animals and some of the lower forms of plant life.

LOCOMOTIVE Lo"co*mo`tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. locomotif. See Locomotion.]

1. Moving from place to place; changing place, or able to change place; as, a locomotive animal.

2. Used in producing motion; as, the locomotive organs of an animal.

LOCOMOTIVE Lo"co*mo`tive, n.

Defn: A locomotive engine; a self-propelling wheel carriage, especially one which bears a steam boiler and one or more steam engines which communicate motion to the wheels and thus propel the carriage, -- used to convey goods or passengers, or to draw wagons, railroad cars, etc. See Illustration in Appendix. Consolidation locomotive, a locomotive having four pairs of connected drivers. -- Locomotive car, a locomotive and a car combined in one vehicle; a dummy engine. [U.S.] -- Locomotive engine. Same as Locomotive, above. -- Mogul locomotive. See Mogul.

LOCOMOTIVENESS; LOCOMOTIVITY Lo"co*mo`tive*ness, Lo`co*mo*tiv"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. locomotivité.]

Defn: The power of changing place.

LOCOMOTOR Lo`co*mo"tor, a. Etym: [See Locomotion.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to movement or locomotion. Locomotor ataxia, or Progressive locomotor ataxy (Med.), a disease of the spinal cord characterized by peculiar disturbances of gait, and difficulty in coördinating voluntary movements.

LOCULAMENT Loc"u*la*ment, n. Etym: [L. loculamentum case, box, fr. loculus a compartment, dim. of locus place.] (Bot.)

Defn: The cell of a pericarp in which the seed is lodged.

LOCULAR Loc"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. locularis.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of or relating to the cell or compartment of an ovary, etc.; in composition, having cells; as trilocular. Gray.

LOCULATE Loc"u*late, a. Etym: [L. loculatus.] (Bot.)

Defn: Divided into compartments.

LOCULE Loc"ule, n. Etym: [Cf. F. locule. See Loculus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A little hollow; a loculus.

LOCULICIDAL Loc"u*li*ci`dal, a. Etym: [L. loculus cell + caedere to cut: cf. F. loculicide.] (Bot.)

Defn: Dehiscent through the middle of the back of each cell; -- said of capsules.

LOCULOSE; LOCULOUS Loc"u*lose`, Loc"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. loculosus. See Loculament.] (Bot.)

Defn: Divided by internal partitions into cells, as the pith of the pokeweed.

LOCULUS Loc"u*lus, n.; pl. Loculi. Etym: [L., little place, a compartment.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the spaces between the septa in the Anthozoa.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the compartments of a several-celled ovary; loculament.

LOCUM TENENS Lo"cum te"nens. Etym: [L., holding the place; locus place + tenens, p. pr. of tenere to hold. Cf. Lieutenant.]

Defn: A substitute or deputy; one filling an office for a time.

LOCUS Lo"cus, n.; pl. Loci, & Loca. Etym: [L., place. Cf. Allow, Couch, Lieu, Local.]

1. A place; a locality.

2. (Math.)

Defn: The line traced by a point which varies its position according to some determinate law; the surface described by a point or line that moves according to a given law. Plane locus, a locus that is a straight line, or a circle. -- Solid locus, a locus that is one of the conic sections.

LOCUST Lo"cust, n. Etym: [L. locusta locust, grasshopper. Cf. Lobster.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of long-winged, migratory, orthopterous insects, of the family Acrididæ, allied to the grasshoppers; esp., (Edipoda, or Pachytylus, migratoria, and Acridium perigrinum, of Southern Europe, Asia, and Africa. In the United States the related species with similar habits are usually called grasshoppers. See Grasshopper.

Note: These insects are at times so numerous in Africa and the south of Asia as to devour every green thing; and when they migrate, they fly in an immense cloud. In the United States the harvest flies are improperly called locusts. See Cicada. Locust beetle (Zoöl.), a longicorn beetle (Cyllene robiniæ), which, in the larval state, bores holes in the wood of the locust tree. Its color is brownish black, barred with yellow. Called also locust borer. -- Locust bird (Zoöl.) the rose-colored starling or pastor of India. See Pastor. -- Locust hunter (Zoöl.), an African bird; the beefeater.

2. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.)

Defn: The locust tree. See Locust Tree (definition, note, and phrases). Locust bean (Bot.), a commercial name for the sweet pod of the carob tree.

LOCUSTA Lo*cus"ta, n. Etym: [NL.: cf. locuste.] (Bot.)

Defn: The spikelet or flower cluster of grasses. Gray.

LOCUSTELLA Lo`cus*tel"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. locusta a locust.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European cricket warbler.

LOCUSTIC Lo*cus"tic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, the locust; -- formerly used to designate a supposed acid.

LOCUSTING Lo"cust*ing, p. a.

Defn: Swarming and devastating like locusts. [R.] Tennyson.

LOCUST TREE Lo"cust tree`. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large North American tree of the genus Robinia (R. Pseudacacia), producing large slender racemes of white, fragrant, papilionaceous flowers, and often cultivated as an ornamental tree. In England it is called acacia.

Note: The name is also applied to other trees of different genera, especially to those of the genus Hymenæa, of which H. Courbaril is a lofty, spreading tree of South America; also to the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua), a tree growing in the Mediterranean region. Honey locust tree (Bot.), a tree of the genus Gleditschia ) G. triacanthus), having pinnate leaves and strong branching thorns; -- so called from a sweet pulp found between the seeds in the pods. Called also simply honey locust. -- Water locust tree (Bot.), a small swamp tree (Gleditschia monosperma), of the Southern United States.

LOCUTION Lo*cu"tion, n. Etym: [L. locutio, fr. loqui to speak: cf. F. locution. ]

Defn: Speech or discourse; a phrase; a form or mode of expression. " Stumbling locutions." G. Eliot. I hate these figures in locution, These about phrases forced by ceremony. Marston.

LOCUTORY Loc"u*to*ry, n.

Defn: A room for conversation; especially, a room in monasteries, where the monks were allowed to converse.

LODDE Lod"de, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The capelin.

LODE Lode, n. Etym: [AS. lad way, journey, fr. li\'eban to go. See Lead to guide, and cf. Load a burden.]

1. A water course or way; a reach of water. Down that long, dark lode . . . he and his brother skated home in triumph. C. Kingsley.

2. (Mining)

Defn: A metallic vein; any regular vein or course, whether metallic or not.

LODEMANAGE Lode"man*age, n. Etym: [OE. lodemenage. Chaucer.]

Defn: Pilotage. [Obs.]

LODE-SHIP Lode"-*ship`, n.

Defn: An old name for a pilot boat.

LODESMAN Lodes"man, n.

Defn: Same as Loadsman. [Obs.]

LODESTAR Lode"star`, n.

Defn: Same as Loadstar.

LODESTONE Lode"stone`, n. (Min.)

Defn: Same as Loadstone.

LODGE Lodge, n. Etym: [OE. loge, logge, F. loge, LL. laubia porch, gallery, fr. OHG. louba, G. laube, arbor, bower, fr. lab foliage. See Leaf, and cf. Lobby, Loggia.]

1. A shelter in which one may rest; as: (a) A shed; a rude cabin; a hut; as, an Indian's lodge. Chaucer. Their lodges and their tentis up they gan bigge [to build]. Robert of Brunne. O for a lodge in some vast wilderness! Cowper.

(b) A small dwelling house, as for a gamekeeper or gatekeeper of an estate. Shak. (c) A den or cave. (d) The meeting room of an association; hence, the regularly constituted body of members which meets there; as, a masonic lodge. (c) The chamber of an abbot, prior, or head of a college.

2. (Mining)

Defn: The space at the mouth of a level next the shaft, widened to permit wagons to pass, or ore to be deposited for hoisting; -- called also platt. Raymond.

3. A collection of objects lodged together. The Maldives, a famous lodge of islands. De Foe.

4. A family of North American Indians, or the persons who usually occupy an Indian lodge, -- as a unit of enumeration, reckoned from four to six persons; as, the tribe consists of about two hundred lodges, that is, of about a thousand individuals. Lodge gate, a park gate, or entrance gate, near the lodge. See Lodge, n., 1 (b).

LODGE Lodge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lodged; p. pr. & vb. n. Lodging.]

1. To rest or remain a lodge house, or other shelter; to rest; to stay; to abide; esp., to sleep at night; as, to lodge in York Street. Chaucer. Stay and lodge by me this night. Shak. Something holy lodges in that breast. Milton .

2. To fall or lie down, as grass or grain, when overgrown or beaten down by the wind. Mortimer.

3. To come to a rest; to stop and remain; as, the bullet lodged in the bark of a tree.

LODGE Lodge, v. t. Etym: [OE. loggen, OF. logier, F. loger. See Lodge, n. ]

1. To give shelter or rest to; especially, to furnish a sleeping place for; to harbor; to shelter; hence, to receive; to hold. Every house was proud to lodge a knight. Dryden. The memory can lodge a greater stone of images that all the senses can present at one time. Cheyne.

2. To drive to shelter; to track to covert. The deer is lodged; I have tracked her to her covert. Addison.

3. To deposit for keeping or preservation; as, the men lodged their arms in the arsenal.

4. To cause to stop or rest in; to implant. He lodged an arrow in a tender breast. Addison.

5. To lay down; to prostrate. Though bladed corn be lodged, and trees blown down. Shak. To lodge an information, to enter a formal complaint.

LODGEABLE Lodge"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. logeable.]

1. That may be or can be lodged; as, so many persons are not lodgeable in this village.

2. Capable of affording lodging; fit for lodging in. [R.] " The lodgeable area of the earth." Jeffrey.

LODGED Lodged, a. (Her.)

Defn: Lying down; -- used of beasts of the chase, as couchant is of beasts of prey.

LODGEMENT Lodge"ment, n.

Defn: See Lodgment.

LODGER Lodg"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, lodges; one who occupies a hired room in another's house.

LODGING Lodg"ing, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, lodges.

2. A place of rest, or of temporary habitation; esp., a sleeping apartment; -- often in the plural with a singular meaning. Gower. Wits take lodgings in the sound of Bow. Pope.

3. Abiding place; harbor; cover. Fair bosom . . . the lodging of delight. Spenser. Lodging house, a house where lodgings are provided and let. -- Lodging room, a room in which a person lodges, esp. a hired room.

LODGMENT Lodg"ment, n. [Written also lodgement.] Etym: [Cf. F. logement. See Lodge, v.]

1. The act of lodging, or the state of being lodged. Any particle which is of size enough to make a lodgment afterwards in the small arteries. Paley.

2. A lodging place; a room. [Obs.]

3. An accumulation or collection of something deposited in a place or remaining at rest.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: The occupation and holding of a position, as by a besieging party; an instrument thrown up in a captured position; as, to effect a lodgment.

LODICULE Lod"i*cule, n. Etym: [L. lodicula. dim, of lodix, lodicis, a coverlet: cf. F. lodicule.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of the two or three delicate membranous scales which are next to the stamens in grasses.

LOELLINGITE Loel"ling*ite, n. Etym: [So called from Lölling, in Austria.] (Min.)

Defn: A tin-white arsenide of iron, isomorphous with arsenopyrite.

LOESS Loess, n. Etym: [G. löss.] (Geol.)

Defn: A quaternary deposit, usually consisting of a fine yellowish earth, on the banks of the Rhine and other large rivers.

LOEVEN'S LARVA Loev"en's lar"va. Etym: [Named after the Swedish zoölogist, S. F. Löven, who discovered it.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The peculiar larva of Polygordius. See Polygordius.

LOFFE Loffe, v. i.

Defn: To laugh. [Obs.] Shak.

LOFT Loft, n. Etym: [Icel. lopt air, heaven, loft, upper room; akin to AS. lyft air, G. luft, Dan. loft loft, Goth. luftus air. Cf. Lift, v. & n. ]

Defn: That which is lifted up; an elevation. Hence, especially: (a) The room or space under a roof and above the ceiling of the uppermost story. (b) A gallery or raised apartment in a church, hall, etc.; as, an organ loft. (c) A floor or room placed above another; a story. Eutychus . . . fell down from the third loft. Acts xx. 9. On loft, aloft; on high. Cf. Onloft. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOFT Loft, a.

Defn: Lofty; proud. [R. & Obs.] Surrey.

LOFTER Loft"er, n. (Golf)

Defn: An iron club used in lofting the ball; -- called also lofting iron.

LOFTILY Loft"i*ly, adv. Etym: [From Lofty.]

Defn: In a lofty manner or position; haughtily.

LOFTINESS Loft"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being lofty.

LOFTING IRON Loft"ing iron. (Golf)

Defn: Same as Lofter.

LOFTY Loft"y, a. [Compar. Loftier; superl. Loftiest.] Etym: [From Loft.]

1. Lifted high up; having great height; towering; high. See lofty Lebanon his head advance. Pope.

2. Fig.: Elevated in character, rank, dignity, spirit, bearing, language, etc.; exalted; noble; stately; characterized by pride; haughty. The high and lofty One, that inhabiteth eternity. Is. lvii. 15. Lofty and sour to them that loved him not. Shak. Himself to sing, and build the lofty rhyme. Milton.

Syn. -- Tall; high; exalted; dignified; stately; majestic; sublime; proud; haughty. See Tall.

LOG Log, n. Etym: [Heb. log.]

Defn: A Hebrew measure of liquids, containing 2.37 gills. W. H. Ward.

LOG Log, n. Etym: [Icel. lag a felled tree, log; akin to E. lie. See Lie to lie prostrate.]

1. A bulky piece of wood which has not been shaped by hewing or sawing.

2. Etym: [Prob. the same word as in sense 1; cf. LG. log, lock, Dan. log, Sw. logg.] (Naut.)

Defn: An apparatus for measuring the rate of a ship's motion through the water.

Note: The common log consists of the log-chip, or logship, often exclusively called the log, and the log line, the former being commonly a thin wooden quadrant of five or six inches radius, loaded with lead on the arc to make it float with the point up. It is attached to the log line by cords from each corner. This line is divided into equal spaces, called knots, each bearing the same proportion to a mile that half a minute does to an hour. The line is wound on a reel which is so held as to let it run off freely. When the log is thrown, the log-chip is kept by the water from being drawn forward, and the speed of the ship is shown by the number of knots run out in half a minute. There are improved logs, consisting of a piece of mechanism which, being towed astern, shows the distance actually gone through by the ship, by means of the revolutions of a fly, which are registered on a dial plate.

3. Hence: The record of the rate of ship's speed or of her daily progress; also, the full nautical record of a ship's cruise or voyage; a log slate; a log book.

4. A record and tabulated statement of the work done by an engine, as of a steamship, of the coal consumed, and of other items relating to the performance of machinery during a given time.

5. (Mining)

Defn: A weight or block near the free end of a hoisting rope to prevent it from being drawn through the sheave. Log board (Naut.), a board consisting of two parts shutting together like a book, with columns in which are entered the direction of the wind, course of the ship, etc., during each hour of the day and night. These entries are transferred to the log book. A folding slate is now used instead. -- Log book, or Logbook (Naut.), a book in which is entered the daily progress of a ship at sea, as indicated by the log, with notes on the weather and incidents of the voyage; the contents of the log board. Log cabin, Log house, a cabin or house made of logs. -- Log canoe, a canoe made by shaping and hollowing out a single log. -- Log glass (Naut.), a small sandglass used to time the running out of the log line. -- Log line (Naut.), a line or cord about a hundred and fifty fathoms long, fastened to the log-chip. See Note under 2d Log, n., 2. -- Log perch (Zoöl.), an ethiostomoid fish, or darter (Percina caprodes); -- called also hogfish and rockfish. -- Log reel (Naut.), the reel on which the log line is wound. -- Log slate. (Naut.) See Log board (above). -- Rough log (Naut.), a first draught of a record of the cruise or voyage. -- Smooth log (Naut.), a clean copy of the rough log. In the case of naval vessels this copy is forwarded to the proper officer of the government. -- To heave the log (Naut.), to cast the log-chip into the water; also, the whole process of ascertaining a vessel's speed by the log.

LOG Log, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Logged; p. pr. & vb. n. Logging.] (Naut.)

Defn: , To enter in a ship's log book; as, to log the miles run. J. F. Cooper.

LOG Log, v. i.

1. To engage in the business of cutting or transporting logs for timber; to get out logs. [U.S.]

2. To move to and fro; to rock. [Obs.]

LOGAN Log"an, n.

Defn: A rocking or balanced stone. Gwill.

LOGAOEDIC Log`a*oed"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Pros.)

Defn: Composed of dactyls and trochees so arranged as to produce a movement like that of ordinary speech.

LOGARITHM Log"a*rithm, n. Etym: [Gr. logarithme.] (Math.)

Defn: One of a class of auxiliary numbers, devised by John Napier, of Merchiston, Scotland (1550-1617), to abridge arithmetical calculations, by the use of addition and subtraction in place of multiplication and division.

Note: The relation of logarithms to common numbers is that of numbers in an arithmetical series to corresponding numbers in a geometrical series, so that sums and differences of the former indicate respectively products and quotients of the latter; thus 0 1 2 3 4 Indices or logarithms 1 10 100 1000 10,000 Numbers in geometrical progression Hence, the logarithm of any given number is the exponent of a power to which another given invariable number, called the base, must be raised in order to produce that given number. Thus, let 10 be the base, then 2 is the logarithm of 100, because 102 = 100, and 3 is the logarithm of 1,000, because 103 = 1,000. Arithmetical complement of a logarithm, the difference between a logarithm and the number ten. -- Binary logarithms. See under Binary. -- Common logarithms, or Brigg's logarithms, logarithms of which the base is 10; -- so called from Henry Briggs, who invented them. -- Gauss's logarithms, tables of logarithms constructed for facilitating the operation of finding the logarithm of the sum of difference of two quantities from the logarithms of the quantities, one entry of those tables and two additions or subtractions answering the purpose of three entries of the common tables and one addition or subtraction. They were suggested by the celebrated German mathematician Karl Friedrich Gauss (died in 1855), and are of great service in many astronomical computations. -- Hyperbolic, or Napierian, logarithms, those logarithms (devised by John Speidell, 1619) of which the base is 2.7182818; -- so called from Napier, the inventor of logarithms. -- Logistic or Proportionallogarithms., See under Logistic.

LOGARITHMETIC; LOGARITHMETICAL Log`a*rith*met"ic, Log"a*rith*met"ic*al, a.

Defn: See Logarithmic.

LOGARITHMETICALLY Log`a*rith*met"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Logarithmically.

LOGARITHMIC; LOGARITHMICAL Log`a*rith"mic, Log`a*rith"mic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. logarithmique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to logarithms; consisting of logarithms. Logarithmic curve (Math.), a curve which, referred to a system of rectangular coördinate axes, is such that the ordinate of any point will be the logarithm of its abscissa. -- Logarithmic spiral, a spiral curve such that radii drawn from its pole or eye at equal angles with each other are in continual proportion. See Spiral.

LOGARITHMICALLY Log`a*rith"mic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By the use of logarithms.

LOG-CHIP Log"-chip`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A thin, flat piece of board in the form of a quadrant of a circle attached to the log line; -- called also log-ship. See 2d Log, n., 2.

LOGCOCK Log"cock`, n.

Defn: The pileated woodpecker.

LOGE Loge, n. Etym: [F. See Lodge.]

Defn: A lodge; a habitation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOGGAN Log"gan, n.

Defn: See Logan.

LOGGAT Log"gat, n. Etym: [Also written logget.]

1. A small log or piece of wood. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. pl.

Defn: An old game in England, played by throwing pieces of wood at a stake set in the ground. [Obs.] Shak.

LOGGE Logge, n. & v.

Defn: See Lodge. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOGGED Logged, a.

Defn: Made slow and heavy in movement; water-logged. Beaconsfield.

LOGGER Log"ger, n.

Defn: One engaged in logging. See Log, v. i. [U.S.] Lowell.

LOGGERHEAD Log"ger*head`, n. Etym: [Log + head.]

1. A blockhead; a dunce; a numskull. Shak. Milton.

2. A spherical mass of iron, with a long handle, used to heat tar.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: An upright piece of round timber, in a whaleboat, over which a turn of the line is taken when it is running out too fast. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very large marine turtle (Thalassochelys caretta, or caouana), common in the warmer parts of the Atlantic Ocean, from Brazil to Cape Cod; -- called also logger-headed turtle.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American shrike (Lanius Ludovicianus), similar to the butcher bird, but smaller. See Shrike. To be at loggerheads, To fall to loggerheads, or To go to loggerheads, to quarrel; to be at strife. L' Estrange.

LOGGERHEADED Log"ger*head`ed, a.

Defn: Dull; stupid. Shak. A rabble of loggerheaded physicians. Urquhart.

LOGGERHEADS Log"ger*heads`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The knapweed.

LOGGIA Log"gia, n. Etym: [It. See Lodge.] (Arch.)

Defn: A roofed open gallery. It differs from a veranda in being more architectural, and in forming more decidedly a part of the main edifice to which it is attached; from a porch, in being intended not for entrance but for an out-of-door sitting-room.

LOGGING Log"ging, n.

Defn: The business of felling trees, cutting them into logs, and transporting the logs to sawmills or to market.

LOGIC Log"ic, n. Etym: [OE. logike, F. logique, L. logica, logice, Gr. Legend.]

1. The science or art of exact reasoning, or of pure and formal thought, or of the laws according to which the processes of pure thinking should be conducted; the science of the formation and application of general notions; the science of generalization, judgment, classification, reasoning, and systematic arrangement; correct reasoning.

Logic is science of the laws of thought, as that is, of the necessary conditions to which thought, considered in itself, is subject. Sir W. Hamilton.

Note: Logic is distinguished as pure and applied. " Pure logic is a science of the form, or of the formal laws, of thinking, and not of the matter. Applied logic teaches the application of the forms of thinking to those objects about which men do think. " Abp. Thomson.

2. A treatise on logic; as, Mill's Logic.

LOGICAL Log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. logique, L. logicus, Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to logic; used in logic; as, logical subtilties. Bacon.

2. According to the rules of logic; as, a logical argument or inference; the reasoning is logical. Prior.

3. Skilled in logic; versed in the art of thinking and reasoning; as, he is a logical thinker. Addison.

LOGICALITY Log`i*cal"i*ty, n.

Defn: Logicalness.

LOGICALLY Log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a logical manner; as, to argue logically.

LOGICALNESS Log"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being logical.

LOGICIAN Lo*gi"cian, n. Etym: [Cf. F. logicien.]

Defn: A person skilled in logic. Bacon. Each fierce logician still expelling Locke. Pope.

LOGICS Log"ics, n.

Defn: See Logic.

LOGISTIC; LOGISTICAL Lo*gis"tic, Lo*gis"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. logistique.]

1. Logical. [Obs.] Berkeley.

2. (Math.)

Defn: Sexagesimal, or made on the scale of 60; as, logistic, or sexagesimal, arithmetic. Logistic, or Proportional, logarithms, certain logarithmic numbers used to shorten the calculation of the fourth term of a proportion of which one of the terms is a given constant quantity, commonly one hour, while the other terms are expressed in minutes and seconds; -- not now used.

LOGISTICS Lo*gis"tics, n.

1. (Mil.)

Defn: That branch of the military art which embraces the details of moving and supplying armies. The meaning of the word is by some writers extended to include strategy. H. L. Scott.

2. (Math.)

Defn: A system of arithmetic, in which numbers are expressed in a scale of 60; logistic arithmetic.

LOGMAN Log"man, n.; pl. Logmen (.

Defn: A man who carries logs. Shak.

LOGODAEDALY Log`o*dæd"a*ly, n. Etym: [Gr. Logos, and Dædal.]

Defn: Verbal legerdemain; a playing with words. [R.] Coleridge.

LOGOGRAM Log"o*gram, n. Etym: [Gr. -gram.]

Defn: A word letter; a phonogram, that, for the sake of brevity, represents a word; as, |, i. e., t, for it. Cf. Grammalogue.

LOGOGRAPHER Lo*gog"ra*pher, n.

1. A chronicler; one who writes history in a condensed manner with short simple sentences.

2. One skilled in logography.

LOGOGRAPHIC; LOGOGRAPHICAL Log`o*graph"ic, Log`o*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. logographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to logography.

LOGOGRAPHY Lo*gog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. logographie.]

1. A method of printing in which whole words or syllables, cast as single types, are used.

2. A mode of reporting speeches without using shorthand, -- a number of reporters, each in succession, taking down three or four words. Brande & C.

LOGOGRIPH Log"o*griph, n. Etym: [Gr. logogriphe.]

Defn: A sort of riddle in which it is required to discover a chosen word from various combinations of its letters, or of some of its letters, which form other words; -- thus, to discover the chosen word chatter form cat, hat, rat, hate, rate, etc. B. Jonson.

LOGOMACHIST Lo*gom"a*chist, n. Etym: [See Logomachy.]

Defn: One who contends about words.

LOGOMACHY Lo*gom"a*chy, n. Etym: [Gr. logomachie.]

1. Contention in words merely, or a contention about words; a war of words. The discussion concerning the meaning of the word " justification" . . . has largely been a mere logomachy. L. Abbott.

2. A game of word making.

LOGOMETRIC Log`o*met"ric, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Serving to measure or ascertain chemical equivalents; stoichiometric. [R.]

LOGOS Log"os, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. A word; reason; speech. H. Bushell.

2. The divine Word; Christ.

LOGOTHETE Log"o*thete, Etym: [LL. logotheta, fr. Gr.

Defn: An accountant; under Constantine, an officer of the empire; a receiver of revenue; an administrator of a department.

LOGOTYPE Log"o*type, n. Etym: [Gr. -type.] (Print.)

Defn: A single type, containing two or more letters; as, æ, Æ, fi, fl, ffl, etc. ; -- called also ligature.

LOGROLL Log"roll`, v. i. & t.

Defn: To engage in logrolling; to accomplish by logrolling. [Political cant, U. S.]

LOGROLLER Log"roll`er, n.

Defn: One who engages in logrolling. [Political cant, U. S.] The jobbers and logrollers will all be against it. The. Nation.

LOGROLLING Log"roll`ing, n.

1. (Logging)

Defn: The act or process of rolling logs from the place where they were felled to the stream which floats them to the sawmill or to market. In this labor neighboring camps of loggers combine to assist each other in turn. Longfellow. [U.S.]

2. Hence: A combining to assist another in consideration of receiving assistance in return; -- sometimes used of a disreputable mode of accomplishing political schemes or ends. [Cant, U.S.]

LOG-SHIP Log"-ship, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A part of the log. See Log-chip, and 2d Log, n., 2.

LOGWOOD Log"wood` n. Etym: [So called from being imported in logs.]

Defn: The heartwood of a tree (Hæmatoxylon Campechianum), a native of South America, It is a red, heavy wood, containing a crystalline substance called hæmatoxylin, and is used largely in dyeing. An extract from this wood is used in medicine as an astringent. Also called Campeachy wood, and bloodwood.

-LOGY -lo*gy. Etym: [Gr. Logic.]

Defn: A combining form denoting a discourse, treatise, doctrine, theory, science; as, theology, geology, biology, mineralogy.

LOGY Lo"gy, a. Etym: [From D. log.]

Defn: Heavy or dull in respect to motion or thought; as, a logy horse. [U.S.] Porcupines are . . . logy, sluggish creatures. C. H. Merriam.

LOHOCK Lo"hock, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Loch, a medicine.

LOIMIC Loi"mic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the plague or contagious disorders.

LOIN Loin, n. Etym: [OE. loine, OF. logne, F. longe, from (assumed) LL. lumbea, L. lumbus join. Cf. Lends, Lumbar, Nombles.]

Defn: That part of a human being or quadruped, which extends on either side of the spinal column between the hip bone and the false ribs. In human beings the loins are also called the reins. See Illust. of Beef.

LOIR Loir, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. glis, gliris.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large European dormouse (Myoxus glis).

LOITER Loi"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Loitered; p. pr. & vb. n. Loitering.] Etym: [D. leuteren to delay, loiter; cf; Prov. G. lottern to be louse, lotter louse, slack, unsettled, vagrant, OHG. lotar.]

1. To be slow in moving; to delay; to linger; to be dilatory; to spend time idly; to saunter; to lag behind. Sir John, you loiter here too long. Shak. If we have loitered, let us quicken our pace. Rogers.

2. To wander as an idle vagrant. [Obs.] Spenser.

Syn. -- To linger; delay; lag; saunter; tarry.

LOITERER Loi"ter*er, n.

1. One who loiters; an idler.

2. An idle vagrant; a tramp. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson.

LOITERINGLY Loi"ter*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a loitering manner.

LOK; LOKI Lok, Lo"ki, n. Etym: [Icel. Loki, perh. akin to lokka, locka to allure, entice.] (Scandinavian Myth.)

Defn: The evil deity, the author of all calamities and mischief, answering to the African of the Persians.

LOKAO Lo*ka"o, n.

Defn: A green vegetable dye imported from China.

LOKE Loke, n. Etym: [See Lock a fastening.]

Defn: A private path or road; also, the wicket or hatch of a door. [Prov. Eng.]

LOKORYS Lok"o*rys, n.

Defn: Liquorice. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOLIGO Lo*li"go, n. Etym: [L., cuttle fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of cephalopods, including numerous species of squids, common on the coasts of America and Europe. They are much used for fish bait.

LOLL Loll, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lolled; p. pr. & vb. n. Lolling.] Etym: [Cf. Icel. lolla to act lazily, loll, lolla, laziness, OD. lollen to sit over the fire, and E. lull. Cf. Lill, Lull.]

1. To act lazily or indolently; to recline; to lean; to throw one's self down; to lie at ease. Void of care, he lolls supine in state. Dryden.

2. To hand extended from the mouth, as the tongue of an ox or a log when heated with labor or exertion. The triple porter of the Stygian seat, With lolling tongue, lay fawning at thy feet. Dryden .

3. To let the tongue hang from the mouth, as an ox, dog, or other animal, when heated by labor; as, the ox stood lolling in the furrow.

LOLL Loll, v. t.

Defn: To let hang from the mouth, as the tongue. Fierce tigers couched around and lolled their fawning tongues. Dryden.

LOLLARD Lol"lard, n. Etym: [LL. Lollardi, Lullardi, from Walter Lolhardus, a German; cf. LG. & D. lollen to mumble, to hum, sing in a murmuring strain; hence, OD. lollaerd a mumbler, i. e., of prayers or psalms, which was prob. the origin of the name. See Loll, Lull.] (Eccl. Hist.) (a) One of a sect of early reformers in Germany. (b) One of the followers of Wyclif in England. [Called also Loller.] By Lollards all know the Wyclifities are meant, so called from Walter Lollardus, one of their teachers in Germany. Fuller.

LOLLARDISM; LOLLARDY Lol"lard*ism, Lol"lard*y, n.

Defn: The doctrines or principles of the Lollards.

LOLLER Loll"er, n. Etym: [See Loll.]

1. One who lolls.

2. An idle vagabond. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

3. A Lollard.

LOLLINGLY Loll"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a lolling manner. Buckle.

LOLLIPOP Lol"li*pop, n. Etym: [Perhaps fr. Prov. E. loll to soothe + pope a mixed liquor.]

Defn: A kind of sugar confection which dissolves easily in the mouth. Thackeray.

LOLLOP Lol"lop, v. i. Etym: [From Loll.]

Defn: To move heavily; to lounge or idle; to loll. [Law.] Charles Reade.

LOMA Lo"ma, n.; pl. Lomata. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A lobe; a membranous fringe or flap.

LOMATINOUS Lo*mat"i*nous, a. Etym: [See Loma.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Furnished with lobes or flaps.

LOMBARD Lom"bard, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Lombardy, or the inhabitants of Lombardy.

LOMBARD Lom"bard, n. Etym: [F. lombard, fr. the Longobardi or Langobardi, i. e., Longbeards, a people of Northern Germany, west of the Elbe, and afterward in Northern Italy. See Long, and Beard, and cf. Lumber.]

1. A native or inhabitant of Lombardy.

2. A money lender or banker; -- so called because the business of banking was first carried on in London by Lombards.

3. Same as Lombard-house. A Lombard unto this day signifying a bank for usury or pawns. Fuller.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: A form of cannon formerly in use. Prescott. Lombard Street, the principal street in London for banks and the offices of note brokers; hence, the money market and interest of London.

LOMBARDEER Lom`bard*eer", n.

Defn: A pawnbroker. [Obs.] Howell.

LOMBARD-HOUSE; LOMBAR-HOUSE Lom"bard-house, Lom"bar-house`,Etym: [F. or D. lombard. See Lombard, n.]

1. A bank or a pawnbroker's shop.

2. A public institution for lending money to the poor at a moderate interest, upon articles deposited and pledged; -- called also mont de piété.

LOMBARDIC Lom*bar"dic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Lombardy of the Lombards. Lombardic alphabet, the ancient alphabet derived from the Roman, and employed in the manuscript of Italy. -- Lombardic architecture, the debased Roman style of architecture as found in parts of Northern Italy. F. G. Lee. Lombardy poplar. (Bot.) See Poplar.

LOMENT Lo"ment, n. Etym: [L. lomentum a mixture of bean meal and rice, used as a cosmetic wash, bean meal, fr. lavare, lotum, to wash.] (Bot.)

Defn: An elongated pod, consisting, like the legume, of two valves, but divided transversely into small cells, each containing a single seed.

LOMENTACEOUS Lo`men*ta"ceous, a. Etym: [From Loment.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of the nature of a loment; having fruits like loments.

LOMONITE Lom"o*nite, n.

Defn: Same as Laumontite.

LOMPISH Lomp"ish, a.

Defn: Lumpish. [Obs.] Spenser.

LOND Lond, n.

Defn: Land. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LONDON Lon"don, n.

Defn: The capital city of England. London paste (Med.), a paste made of caustic soda and unslacked lime; -- used as a caustic to destroy tumors and other morbid enlargements. -- London pride. (Bot.) (a) A garden name for Saxifraga umbrosa, a hardy perennial herbaceous plant, a native of high lands in Great Britain. (b) A name anciently given to the Sweet William. Dr. Prior. -- London rocket (Bot.), a cruciferous plant (Sisymbrium Irio) which sprung up in London abundantly on the ruins of the great fire of 1667.

LONDONER Lon"don*er (-er), n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of London. Shak.

LONDONISM Lon"don*ism, n.

Defn: A characteristic of Londoners; a mode of speaking peculiar to London.

LONDONIZE Lon"don*ize, v. i.

Defn: To impart to (one) a manner or character like that which distinguishes Londoners.

LONDONIZE Lon"don*ize, v. i.

Defn: To imitate the manner of the people of London.

LONDON SMOKE Lon"don smoke.

Defn: A neutral tint given to spectacles, shade glasses for optical instruments, etc., which reduces the intensity without materially changing the color of the transmitted light.

LONDON TUFT London tuft. (Bot.)

Defn: The Sweet William (Dianthus barbatus).

LONE Lone, n.

Defn: A lane. See Loanin. [Prov. Eng.]

LONE Lone, a. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. alone.]

1. Being without a companion; being by one's self; also, sad from lack of companionship; lonely; as, a lone traveler or watcher. When I have on those pathless wilds a appeared, And the lone wanderer with my presence cheered. Shenstone.

2. Single; unmarried, or in widowhood. [Archaic] Queen Elizabeth being a lone woman. Collection of Records (1642). A hundred mark is a long one for a poor lone woman to bear. Shak.

3. Being apart from other things of the kind; being by itself; also, apart from human dwellings and resort; as, a lone house. " A lone isle." Pope. By a lone well a lonelier column rears. Byron.

4. Unfrequented by human beings; solitary. Thus vanish scepters, coronets, and balls, And leave you on lone woods, or empty walls. Pope.

LONELINESS Lone"li*ness, n.

1. The condition of being lonely; solitude; seclusion.

2. The state of being unfrequented by human beings; as, the loneliness of a road.

3. Love of retirement; disposition to solitude. I see The mystery of your loneliness. Shak.

4. A feeling of depression resulting from being alone.

Syn. -- Solitude; seclusion. See Solitude.

LONELY Lone"ly, a. [Compar. Lonelier; superl. Loneliest.] Etym: [Shortened fr. alonely.]

1. Sequestered from company or neighbors; solitary; retired; as, a lonely situation; a lonely cell.

2. Alone, or in want of company; forsaken. To the misled and lonely traveler. Milton.

3. Not frequented by human beings; as, a lonely wood.

4. Having a feeling of depression or sadness resulting from the consciousness of being alone; lonesome. I am very often alone. I don't mean I am lonely. H. James.

Syn. -- Solitary; lone; lonesome; retired; unfrequented; sequestered; secluded.

LONENESS Lone"ness, n.

Defn: Solitude; seclusion. [Obs.] Donne.

LONESOME Lone"some, a. [Compar. Lonesomer; superl. Lonesomest.]

1. Secluded from society; not frequented by human beings; solitary. Like one that on a lonesome road Doth walk in fear and dread. Coleridge .

2. Conscious of, and somewhat depressed by, solitude; as, to feel lonesome. -- Lone"some*ly, adv. -- Lone"some*ness, n.

LONE-STAR STATE Lone-Star State.

Defn: Texas; -- a nickname alluding to the single star on its coat of arms, being the device used on its flag and seal when it was a republic.

LONG Long, a. [Compar. Longer; superl. Longest.] Etym: [AS. long, lang; akin to OS, OFries., D., & G. lang, Icel. langr, Sw. lång, Dan. lang, Goth. laggs, L.longus. sq. root125. Cf. Length, Ling a fish, Linger, Lunge, Purloin.]

1. Drawn out in a line, or in the direction of length; protracted; extended; as, a long line; -- opposed to short, and distinguished from broad or wide.

2. Drawn out or extended in time; continued through a considerable tine, or to a great length; as, a long series of events; a long debate; a long drama; a long history; a long book.

3. Slow in passing; causing weariness by length or duration; lingering; as, long hours of watching.

4. Occurring or coming after an extended interval; distant in time; far away. The we may us reserve both fresh and strong Against the tournament, which is not long. Spenser.

5. Extended to any specified measure; of a specified length; as, a span long; a yard long; a mile long, that is, extended to the measure of a mile, etc.

6. Far-reaching; extensive. " Long views." Burke.

7. (Phonetics)

Defn: Prolonged, or relatively more prolonged, in utterance; -- said of vowels and syllables. See Short, a., 13, and Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 22, 30.

Note: Long is used as a prefix in a large number of compound adjectives which are mostly of obvious meaning; as, long-armed, long- beaked, long-haired, long-horned, long-necked, long-sleeved, long- tailed, long- worded, etc. In the long run, in the whole course of things taken together; in the ultimate result; eventually. -- Long clam (Zoöl.), the common clam (Mya arenaria) of the Northern United States and Canada; -- called also soft-shell clam and long- neck clam. See Mya. -- Long cloth, a kind of cotton cloth of superior quality. -- Long clothes, clothes worn by a young infant, extending below the feet. -- Long division. (Math.) See Division. -- Long dozen, one more than a dozen; thirteen. -- Long home, the grave. -- Long measure, Long mater. See under Measure, Meter. -- Long Parliament (Eng. Hist.), the Parliament which assembled Nov. 3, 1640, and was dissolved by Cromwell, April 20, 1653. -- Long price, the full retail price. -- Long purple (Bot.), a plant with purple flowers, supposed to be the Orchis mascula. Dr. Prior. -- Long suit (Whist), a suit of which one holds originally more than three cards. R. A. Proctor. -- Long tom. (a) A pivot gun of great length and range, on the dock of a vessel. (b) A long trough for washing auriferous earth. [Western U.S.] (c) (Zoöl.) The long-tailed titmouse. -- Long wall (Coal Mining), a working in which the whole seam is removed and the roof allowed to fall in, as the work progresses, except where passages are needed. -- Of long, a long time. [Obs.] Fairfax. -- To be, or go, long of the market, To be on the long side of the market, etc. (Stock Exchange), to hold stock for a rise in price, or to have a contract under which one can demand stock on or before a certain day at a stipulated price; -- opposed to short in such phrases as, to be short of stock, to sell short, etc. [Cant] See Short. -- To have a long head, to have a farseeing or sagacious mind.

LONG Long, n.

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A note formerly used in music, one half the length of a large, twice that of a breve.

2. (Phonetics)

Defn: A long sound, syllable, or vowel.

3. The longest dimension; the greatest extent; -- in the phrase, the long and the short of it, that is, the sum and substance of it. Addison.

LONG Long, adv. Etym: [AS. lance.]

1. To a great extent in apace; as, a long drawn out line.

2. To a great extent in time; during a long time. They that tarry long at the wine. Prov. xxiii. 30. When the trumpet soundeth long. Ex. xix. 13.

3. At a point of duration far distant, either prior or posterior; as, not long before; not long after; long before the foundation of Rome; long after the Conquest.

4. Through the whole extent or duration. The bird of dawning singeth all night long. Shak.

5. Through an extent of time, more or less; -- only in question; as, how long will you be gone

LONG Long, prep. Etym: [Abbreviated fr. along. See 3d Along.]

Defn: By means of; by the fault of; because of. [Obs.] See Along of, under 3d Along.

LONG Long, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Longed; p. pr. & vb. n. Longing.] Etym: [AS. langian to increase, to lengthen, to stretch out the mind after, to long, to crave, to belong to, fr. lang long. See Long, a.]

1. To feel a strong or morbid desire or craving; to wish for something with eagerness; -- followed by an infinitive, or by after or for. I long to see you. Rom. i. 11. I have longed after thy precepts. Ps. cxix. 40. I have longed for thy salvation. Ps. cxix. 174. Nicomedes, longing for herrings, was supplied with fresh ones . . . at a great distance from the sea. Arbuthnot.

2. To belong; -- used with to, unto, or for. [Obs.] The labor which that longeth unto me. Chaucer.

LONGAN Lon"gan, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A pulpy fruit related to the litchi, and produced by an evergreen East Indian tree (Nephelium Longan).

LONGANIMITY Lon`ga*nim"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. longanimitas; longus long + animus mind: cf. F. longanimité.]

Defn: Disposition to bear injuries patiently; forbearance; patience. Jer. Taylor.

LONG-ARMED Long"-armed`, a.

Defn: Having long arms; as, the long-armed ape or gibbon.

LONGBEAK Long"beak`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American redbellied snipe (Macrorhamphus scolopaceus); -- called also long-billed dowitcher.

LONGBOAT Long"boat`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: Formerly, the largest boat carried by a merchant vessel, corresponding to the launch of a naval vessel.

LONGBOW Long"bow`, n.

Defn: The ordinary bow, not mounted on a stock; -- so called in distinction from the crossbow when both were used as weapons of war. Also, sometimes, such a bow of about the height of a man, as distinguished from a much shorter one. To draw the longbow, to tell large stories.

LONG-BREATHED Long"-breathed`, a.

Defn: Having the power of retaining the breath for a long time; long- winded.

LONG-DRAWN Long"-drawn`, a.

Defn: Extended to a great length. The cicadæ hushed their long-drawn, ear-splitting strains. G. W. Cable.

LONGE Longe, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. allonge. See Lunge.]

1. A thrust. See Lunge. Smollett.

2. The training ground for a horse. Farrow.

LONGE Longe, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as 4th Lunge.

LONGER Long"er, n.

Defn: One who longs for anything.

LONGEVAL Lon*ge"val, a.

Defn: Long-loved; longevous.[R.] Pope.

LONGEVITY Lon*gev"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. longaevitas. See Longevous.]

Defn: Long duration of life; length of life. The instances of longevity are chiefly amongst the abstemious. Arbuthnot.

LONGEVOUS Lon*ge"vous, a. Etym: [L. longaevus; longus long + aevum lifetime, age. See Long, and Age.]

Defn: Living a long time; of great age. Sir T. Browne.

LONGHAND Long"hand`, n.

Defn: The written characters used in the common method of writing; -- opposed to shorthand.

LONGHEADED Long"head"ed, a.

Defn: Having unusual foresight or sagacity. -- Long"-head`ed*ness, n.

LONGHORN Long"horn`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A long-horned animal, as a cow, goat, or beetle. See Long- horned.

LONG-HORNED Long"-horned`, a. (Zoöl.) [Obs.]

Defn: Having a long horn or horns; as, a long-horned goat, or cow; having long antennæ, as certain beetles (Longicornia).

LONGICORN Lon"gi*corn, a. Etym: [L. longus long + cornu horn: cf. F. longicorne.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Long-horned; pertaining to the Longicornia. -- n.

Defn: One of the Longicornia.

LONGICORNIA Lon`gi*cor"ni*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. longus long + cornu horn.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of beetles, including a large number of species, in which the antennæ are very long. Most of them, while in the larval state, bore into the wood or beneath the bark of trees, and some species are very destructive to fruit and shade trees. See Apple borer, under Apple, and Locust beetle, under Locust.

LONGILATERAL Lon`gi*lat"er*al, a. Etym: [L. longus long + lateralis lateral, fr. latus side.]

Defn: Having long sides especially, having the form of a long parallelogram. Nineveh . . . was of a longilateral figure, ninety-five furlongs broad, and a hundred and fifty long. Sir T. Browne.

LONGILOQUENCE Lon*gil"o*quence, n. Etym: [L. langus long + loquentia a talking.]

Defn: Long-windedness. American longiloquence in oratory. Fitzed. Hall.

LONGIMANOUS Lon*gim"a*nous, a. Etym: [L. longus long + manus hand.]

Defn: Having long hands. Sir T. Browne.

LONGIMETRY Lon*gim"e*try, n. Etym: [L. longus long + -metry: cf. F. longimétrie.]

Defn: The art or practice of measuring distances or lengths. Cheyne.

LONGING Long"ing, n.

Defn: An eager desire; a craving; a morbid appetite; an earnest wish; an aspiration. Put on my crown; I have immortal longings in me. Shak.

LONGINGLY Long"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With longing. Dryden.

LONGINQUITY Lon*gin"qui*ty, n. Etym: [L. longinquitas, fr. longinquus extensive, remote, fr. longus long.]

Defn: Greatness of distance; remoteness. [R.] Barrow.

LONGIPALP Lon"gi*palp, n. Etym: [F. longipalpe, fr. L. longus long + F. palpe a feeler, a palp.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a tribe of beetles, having long maxillary palpi.

LONGIPENNATE Lon"gi*pen"nate, a. Etym: [L. longus long + E. pennate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having long wings, or quills.

LONGIPENNES Lon`gi*pen"nes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from L. longus long + penna wing.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of longwinged sea birds, including the gulls, petrels, etc.

LONGIPENNINE Lon`gi*pen"nine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Longipennes; longipennate.

LONGIROSTER Lon`gi*ros"ter, n.; pl. L. Longirostres, E. Longirosters. Etym: [L. longus long + rostrum beak: cf. F. longirostre.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Longirostres.

LONGIROSTRAL Lon`gi*ros"tral, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a long bill; of or pertaining to the Longirostres.

LONGIROSTRES Lon`gi*ros"tres, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. longus long + rostrum beak.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of birds characterized by having long slender bills, as the sandpipers, curlews, and ibises. It is now regarded as an artificial division.

LONGISH Long"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat long; moderately long.

LONGITUDE Lon"gi*tude, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. longitudo, fr. longus long.]

1. Length; measure or distance along the longest line; -- distinguished from breadth or thickness; as, the longitude of a room; rare now, except in a humorous sense. Sir H. Wotton. The longitude of their cloaks. Sir. W. Scott. Mine [shadow] spindling into longitude immense. Cowper.

2. (Geog.)

Defn: The arc or portion of the equator intersected between the meridian of a given place and the meridian of some other place from which longitude is reckoned, as from Greenwich, England, or sometimes from the capital of a country, as from Washington or Paris. The longitude of a place is expressed either in degrees or in time; as, that of New York is 74º or 4 h. 56 min. west of Greenwich.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: The distance in degrees, reckoned from the vernal equinox, on the ecliptic, to a circle at right angles to the ecliptic passing through the heavenly body whose longitude is designated; as, the longitude of Capella is 79º. Geocentric longitude (Astron.), the longitude of a heavenly body as seen from the earth. -- Heliocentric longitude, the longitude of a heavenly body, as seen from the sun's center. -- Longitude stars, certain stars whose position is known, and the data in regard to which are used in observations for finding the longitude, as by lunar distances.

LONGITUDINAL Lon`gi*tu"di*nal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. longitudinal.]

1. Of or pertaining to longitude or length; as, longitudinal distance.

2. Extending in length; in the direction of the length; running lengthwise, as distinguished from transverse; as, the longitudinal diameter of a body. Cheyne.

LONGITUDINAL Lon`gi*tu"di*nal, n.

Defn: A railway sleeper lying parallel with the rail.

LONGITUDINALLY Lon`gi*tu"di*nal*ly, adv.

Defn: In the direction of length.

LONGLEGS Long"legs`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A daddy longlegs.

LONG-LIVED Long"-lived`, a.

Defn: Having a long life; having constitutional peculiarities which make long life probable; lasting long; as, a long-lived tree; they are a longlived family; long-lived prejudices.

LONGLY Long"ly, adv.

1. With longing desire. [Obs.] Shak.

2. For a long time; hence, wearisomely.

LONGMYND ROCKS Long"mynd rocks". (Geol.)

Defn: The sparingly fossiliferous conglomerates, grits, schists, and states of Great Britain, which lie at the base of the Cambrian system; -- so called, because typically developed in the Longmynd Hills, Shropshire.

LONGNESS Long"ness, n.

Defn: Length.

LONGNOSE Long"nose`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European garfish.

LONG PRIMER Long" prim"er. (Print.)

Defn: A kind of type, in size between small pica and bourgeois.

Note: long primer.

LONGSHANKS Long"shanks`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The stilt.

LONGSHORE Long"shore`, a. Etym: [Abbrev. from alongshore.]

Defn: Belonging to the seashore or a seaport; along and on the shore. "Longshore thieves." R. Browning.

LONGSHOREMAN Long"shore`man, n.; pl. Longshoremen. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. alongshoreman.]

Defn: One of a class of laborers employed about the wharves of a seaport, especially in loading and unloading vessels.

LONG-SIGHT Long"-sight, n.

Defn: Long-sightedness Good.

LONG-SIGHTED Long"-sight`ed, a.

1. Able to see objects at a great distance; hence, having great foresight; sagacious; farseeing.

2. Able to see objects distinctly at a distance, but not close at hand; hypermetropic.

LONG-SIGHTEDNESS Long"-sight`ed*ness, n.

1. The state or condition of being long-sighted; hence, sagacity; shrewdness.

2. (Med.)

Defn: See Hypermetropia.

LONGSOME Long"some a. Etym: [AS. langsum.]

Defn: Extended in length; tiresome. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Prior. -- Long"some*ness, n. [Obs.] Fuller.

LONGSPUN Long"spun`, a.

Defn: Spun out, or extended, to great length; hence, long-winded; tedious. The longspun allegories fulsome grow, While the dull moral lies too plain below. Addison.

LONGSPUR Long"spur`, n. Etym: [So called from the length of the hind claw.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of fringilline birds of the genus Calcarius (or Plectrophanes), and allied genera. The Lapland longspur (C. Lapponicus), the chestnut-colored longspur (C. ornatus), and other species, inhabit the United States.

LONG-STOP Long"-stop`, n. (Cricket)

Defn: One who is set to stop balls which pass the wicket keeper.

LONG-SUFFERANCE Long"-suf`fer*ance, n.

Defn: Forbearance to punish or resent.

LONG-SUFFERING Long"-suf`fer*ing, n.

Defn: Bearing injuries or provocation for a long time; patient; not easily provoked. The Lord God, merciful and gracious, long-suffering, and abundant in goodness and truth. Ex. xxxiv. 6.

LONG-SUFFERING Long"-suf`fer*ing, n.

Defn: Long patience of offense. Despisest thou the riches of his goodness and forbearance and long- suffering Rom. ii. 4.

LONGTAIL Long"tail`, n.

Defn: An animal, particularly a log, having an uncut tail. Cf. Curtail. Dog.

Note: A longtail was a gentleman's dog, or the dog of one qualified to bunt, other dogs being required to have their tails cut. Cut and longtail, all, gentlefolks and others, as they might come. Shak.

LONG-TONGUE Long"-tongue`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wryneck.

LONG-TONGUED Long"-tongued`, a.

1. Having a long tongue.

2. Talkative; babbling; loquacious. Shak.

LONGULITE Lon"gu*lite, n. Etym: [L. longus long + -lie.] (Min.)

Defn: A kind of crystallite having a (slender) acicular form.

LONG-WAISTED Long"-waist`ed, a.

1. Having a long waist; long from the armpits to the armpits to the bottom of the waist; -- said of persons.

2. Long from the part about the neck or shoulder, or from the armpits, to the bottom of the weist, or to the skirt; -- said of garments; as, a long-waisted coat.

LONGWAYS Long"ways`, adv.

Defn: Lengthwise. Addison.

LONG-WINDED Long"-wind"ed, a.

Defn: Long-breathed; hence, tediously long in speaking; consuming much time; as, a long-winded talker. -- Long"-wind"ed*ness, n. A tedious, long-winded harangue. South.

LONGWISE Long"wise`, adv.

Defn: Lengthwise.

LOO Loo, n. Etym: [For older lanterloo, F. lanturelu, lanturlu, name of the game; orig., the refrain of a vaudeville.] (a) An old game played with five, or three, cards dealt to each player from a full pack. When five cards are used the highest card is the knave of clubs or (if so agreed upon) the knave of trumps; -- formerly called lanterloo. (b) A modification of the game of "all fours" in which the players replenish their hands after each round by drawing each a card from the pack.

Loo table, a round table adapted for a circle of persons playing loo.

LOO Loo, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Looed; p. pr. & vb. n. Looing.]

Defn: To beat in the game of loo by winning every trick. [Written also lu.] Goldsmith.

LOOB Loob, n. Etym: [Corn., slime, sludge.] (Mining)

Defn: The clay or slimes washed from tin ore in dressing.

LOOBILY Loo"bi*ly, a. Etym: [From Looby.]

Defn: Loobylike; awkward. Fuller.

LOOBILY Loo"bi*ly, adv.

Defn: Awkwardly. L'Estrange.

LOOBY Loo"by, n.; pl. Loobies. Etym: [Cf. Lob.]

Defn: An awkward, clumsy fellow; a lubber. Swift.

LOOCH Looch, n.

Defn: See 2d Loch.

LOOF Loof, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The spongelike fibers of the fruit of a cucurbitaceous plant (Luffa Ægyptiaca); called also vegetable sponge.

LOOF Loof, n. Etym: [See Luff.] [Also written luff.] (Naut.) (a) Formerly, some appurtenance of a vessel which was used in changing her course; -- probably a large paddle put over the lee bow to help bring her head nearer to the wind. (b) The part of a ship's side where the planking begins to curve toward bow and stern.

LOOF Loof, v. i. (Naut.)

Defn: See Luff.

LOOK Look, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Looked; p. pr. & vb. n. Looking.] Etym: [OE. loken, AS. locian; akin to G. lugen, OHG. luogen.]

1. To direct the eyes for the purpose of seeing something; to direct the eyes toward an object; to observe with the eyes while keeping them directed; -- with various prepositions, often in a special or figurative sense. See Phrases below.

2. To direct the attention (to something); to consider; to examine; as, to look at an action.

3. To seem; to appear; to have a particular appearance; as, the patient looks better; the clouds look rainy. It would look more like vanity than gratitude. Addison. Observe how such a practice looks in another person. I. Watts.

4. To have a particular direction or situation; to face; to front. The inner gate that looketh to north. Ezek. viii. 3. The east gate . . . which looketh eastward. Ezek. xi. 1.

5. In the imperative: see; behold; take notice; take care; observe; - - used to call attention. Look, how much we thus expel of sin, so much we expel of virtue. Milton.

Note: Look, in the imperative, may be followed by a dependent sentence, but see is oftener so used. Look that ye bind them fast. Shak. Look if it be my daughter. Talfourd.

6. To show one's self in looking, as by leaning out of a window; as, look out of the window while I speak to you. Sometimes used figuratively. My toes look through the overleather. Shak.

7. To await the appearance of anything; to expect; to anticipate. Looking each hour into death's mouth to fall. Spenser. To look about, to look on all sides, or in different directions. -- To look about one, to be on the watch; to be vigilant; to be circumspect or guarded. -- To look after. (a) To attend to; to take care of; as, to look after children. (b) To expect; to be in a state of expectation. Men's hearts failing them for fear, and for looking after those things which are coming on the earth. Luke xxi. 26. (c) To seek; to search. My subject does not oblige me to look after the water, or point forth the place where to it is now retreated. Woodward. -- To look at, to direct the eyes toward so that one sees, or as if to see; as, to look at a star; hence, to observe, examine, consider; as, to look at a matter without prejudice. -- To look black, to frown; to scowl; to have a threatening appearance. The bishops thereat repined, and looked black. Holinshed. -- To look down on or upon, to treat with indifference or contempt; to regard as an inferior; to despise. -- To look for. (a) To expect; as, to look for news by the arrival of a ship. "Look now for no enchanting voice." Milton. (b) To seek for; to search for; as, to look for lost money, or lost cattle. -- To look forth. (a) To look out of something, as from a window. (b) To threaten to come out. Jer. vi. 1. (Rev. Ver.). -- To look into, to inspect closely; to observe narrowly; to examine; as, to look into the works of nature; to look into one's conduct or affairs. -- To look on. (a) To regard; to esteem. Her friends would look on her the worse. Prior. (b) To consider; to view; to conceive of; to think of. I looked on Virgil as a succinct, majestic writer. Dryden. (c) To be a mere spectator. I'll be a candleholder, and look on. Shak. -- To look out, to be on the watch; to be careful; as, the seaman looks out for breakers. -- To look through. (a) To see through. (b) To search; to examine with the eyes. -- To look to or unto. (a) To watch; to take care of. "Look well to thy herds." Prov. xxvii. 23. (b) To resort to with expectation of receiving something; to expect to receive from; as, the creditor may look to surety for payment. "Look unto me, and be ye saved." Is. xlv. 22. -- To look up, to search for or find out by looking; as, to look up the items of an account. -- To look up to, to respect; to regard with deference.

LOOK Look, v. t.

1. To look at; to turn the eyes toward.

2. To seek; to search for. [Obs.] Looking my love, I go from place to place. Spenser.

3. To expect. [Obs.] Shak.

4. To influence, overawe, or subdue by looks or presence as, to look down opposition. A spirit fit to start into an empire, And look the world to law. Dryden.

5. To express or manifest by a look. Soft eyes looked love to eyes which spake again. Byron. To look daggers. See under Dagger. -- To look in the face, to face or meet with boldness or confidence; hence, sometimes, to meet for combat. -- To look out, to seek for; as, prudent persons look out associates good reputation.

LOOK Look, n.

1. The act of looking; a glance; a sight; a view; -- often in certain phrases; as, to have, get, take, throw, or cast, a look. Threw many a northward look to see his father Bring up his powers; but he did long in vain. Shak.

2. Expression of the eyes and face; manner; as, a proud or defiant look. "Gentle looks." Shak. Up ! up! my friends, and clear your looks. Wordsworth.

3. Hence; Appearance; aspect; as, the house has a gloomy look; the affair has a bad look. Pain, disgrace, and poverty have frighted looks. Locke. There was something that reminded me of Dante's Hell in the look of this. Carlyle.

LOOKDOWN Look"down`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Moonfish (b).

LOOKER Look"er, n.

Defn: One who looks. Looker-on, a spectator; one that looks on, but has no agency or part in an affair. Did not this fatal war affront thy coast, Yet sattest thou an idle looker-on Fairfax.

LOOKING Look"ing, a.

Defn: Having a certain look or appearance; -- often compounded with adjectives; as, good-looking, grand-looking, etc.

LOOKING Look"ing, n.

1. The act of one who looks; a glance.

2. The manner in which one looks; appearance; countenance; face. [Obs.] All dreary was his cheer and his looking. Chaucer. Looking for, anticipation; expectation. "A certain fearful looking for of judgment." Heb. x. 27.

LOOKING-GLASS Look"ing-glass`, n.

Defn: A mirror made of glass on which has been placed a backing of some reflecting substance, as quicksilver. There is none so homely but loves a looking-glass. South.

LOOKOUT Look"out`, n.

1. A careful looking or watching for any object or event.

2. The place from which such observation is made.

3. A person engaged in watching.

4. Object or duty of forethought and care; responsibility. [Colloq.]

LOOL Lool, n. (Metal.)

Defn: A vessel used to receive the washings of ores of metals.

LOOM Loom, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Loon, the bird.

LOOM Loom, n. Etym: [OE. lome, AS. gel utensil, implement.]

1. A frame or machine of wood or other material, in which a weaver forms cloth out of thread; a machine for interweaving yarn or threads into a fabric, as in knitting or lace making. Hector, when he sees Andromache overwhelmed with terror, sends her for consolation to the loom and the distaff. Rambler.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: That part of an oar which is near the grip or handle and inboard from the rowlock. Totten.

LOOM Loom, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Loomed; p. pr. & vb. n. Looming.] Etym: [OE. lumen to shine, Icel. ljoma; akin to AS. leóma light, and E. light; or cf. OF. lumer to shine, L. luminare to illumine, lumen light; akin to E. light. Light not dark.]

1. To appear above the surface either of sea or land, or to appear enlarged, or distorted and indistinct, as a distant object, a ship at sea, or a mountain, esp. from atmospheric influences; as, the ship looms large; the land looms high. Awful she looms, the terror of the main. H. J. Pye.

2. To rise and to be eminent; to be elevated or ennobled, in a moral sense. On no occasion does he [Paul] loom so high, and shine so gloriously, as in the context. J. M. Mason.

LOOM Loom, n.

Defn: The state of looming; esp., an unnatural and indistinct appearance of elevation or enlargement of anything, as of land or of a ship, seen by one at sea.

LOOM-GALE Loom"-gale`, n.

Defn: A gentle gale of wind.

LOOMING Loom"ing, n.

Defn: The indistinct and magnified appearance of objects seen in particular states of the atmosphere. See Mirage.

LOON Loon, n. Etym: [Scot. loun, lown, loon; akin to OD. loen a stupid man; prob. for an older lown, and akin to E. lame.]

Defn: A sorry fellow; a worthless person; a rogue.

LOON Loon, n. Etym: [For older loom, Icel. l; akin to Dan. & Sw. lom.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several aquatic, wed-footed, northern birds of the genus Urinator (formerly Colymbus), noted for their expertness in diving and swimming under water. The common loon, or great northern diver (Urinator imber, or Colymbus torquatus), and the red-throated loon or diver (U. septentrionalis), are the best known species. See Diver.

LOONY Loon"y, a.

Defn: See Luny.

LOOP Loop, n. Etym: [G. luppe an iron lump. Cf. Looping.] (Iron Works)

Defn: A mass of iron in a pasty condition gathered into a ball for the tilt hammer or rolls. [Written also loup.]

LOOP Loop, n. Etym: [Cf. Ir. & Gael. lub loop, noose, fold, thong, bend, lub to bend, incline.]

1. A fold or doubling of a thread, cord, rope, etc., through which another thread, cord, etc., can be passed, or which a hook can be hooked into; an eye, as of metal; a staple; a noose; a bight. That the probation bear no hinge, nor loop To hang a doubt on. Shak.

2. A small, narrow opening; a loophole. And stop all sight-holes, every loop from whence The eye of Reason may pry in upon us. Shak.

3. A curve of any kind in the form of a loop.

4. (Telegraphy)

Defn: A wire forming part of a main circuit and returning to the point from which it starts.

5. (Acoustics)

Defn: The portion of a vibrating string, air column, etc., between two nodes; -- called also ventral segment. Loop knot, a single knot tied in a doubled cord, etc. so as to leave a loop beyond the knot. See Illust. of Knot.

LOOP Loop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Looped; p. pr. & vb. n. Looping.]

Defn: To make a loop of or in; to fasten with a loop or loops; -- often with up; as, to loop a string; to loop up a curtain.

LOOPED Looped, a.

1. Bent, folded, or tied, so as to make a loop; as, a looped wire or string.

2. Full of holes. [Obs.] Shak.

LOOPER Loop"er, n.

1. An instrument, as a bodkin, for forming a loop in yarn, a cord, etc.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of any species of geometrid moths. See Geometrid.

LOOPHOLE Loop"hole`, n.

1. (Mil.)

Defn: A small opening, as in the walls of fortification, or in the bulkhead of a ship, through which small arms or other weapons may be discharged at an enemy.

2. A hole or aperture that gives a passage, or the means of escape or evasion.

LOOPHOLED Loop"holed`, a.

Defn: Provided with loopholes.

LOOPIE Loop"ie, a.

Defn: Deceitful; cunning; sly. [Scot.]

LOOPING Loop"ing, n. Etym: [Cf. D. loopen to run. Cf. Loop a mass of iron, Leap.] (Metal.)

Defn: The running together of the matter of an ore into a mass, when the ore is only heated for calcination.

LOOPING Loop"ing, p. pr. & vb. n.

Defn: of Loop. Looping snail (Zoöl.), any species of land snail of the genus Truncatella; -- so called because it creeps like the measuring worms.

LOOPLIGHT Loop"light`, n.

Defn: A small narrow opening or window in a tower or fortified wall; a loophole.

LOORD Loord, n. Etym: [F. lourd heavy, dull.]

Defn: A dull, stupid fellow; a drone. [Obs.] Spenser.

LOOS Loos, n. Etym: [OE. los, fr. OF. los, laus.]

Defn: Praise; fame; reputation. [Obs.] Spenser. Good conscience and good loos. Chaucer.

LOOSE Loose, a. [Compar. Looser; superl. Loosest.] Etym: [OE. loos, lous, laus, Icel. lauss; akin to OD. loos, D. los, AS. leás false, deceitful, G. los, loose, Dan. & Sw. lös, Goth. laus, and E. lose. Lose, and cf. Leasing falsehood.]

1. Unbound; untied; unsewed; not attached, fastened, fixed, or confined; as, the loose sheets of a book. Her hair, nor loose, nor tied in formal plat. Shak.

2. Free from constraint or obligation; not bound by duty, habit, etc. ; -- with from or of. Now I stand Loose of my vow; but who knows Cato's thoughts Addison.

3. Not tight or close; as, a loose garment.

4. Not dense, close, compact, or crowded; as, a cloth of loose texture. With horse and chariots ranked in loose array. Milton.

5. Not precise or exact; vague; indeterminate; as, a loose style, or way of reasoning. The comparison employed . . . must be considered rather as a loose analogy than as an exact scientific explanation. Whewel.

6. Not strict in matters of morality; not rigid according to some standard of right. The loose morality which he had learned. Sir W. Scott.

7. Unconnected; rambling. Vario spends whole mornings in running over loose and unconnected pages. I. Watts.

8. Lax; not costive; having lax bowels. Locke.

9. Dissolute; unchaste; as, a loose man or woman. Loose ladies in delight. Spenser.

10. Containing or consisting of obscene or unchaste language; as, a loose epistle. Dryden. At loose ends, not in order; in confusion; carelessly managed. -- Fast and loose. See under Fast. -- To break loose. See under Break. -- Loose pulley. (Mach.) See Fast and loose pulleys, under Fast. -- To let loose, to free from restraint or confinement; to set at liberty.

LOOSE Loose, n.

1. Freedom from restraint. [Obs.] Prior.

2. A letting go; discharge. B. Jonson. To give a loose, to give freedom. Vent all its griefs, and give a loose to sorrow. Addison.

LOOSE Loose, v. n. [imp. & p. p. Loosed; p. pr. & vb. n. Loosing.] Etym: [From Loose, a.]

1. To untie or unbind; to free from any fastening; to remove the shackles or fastenings of; to set free; to relieve. Canst thou . . . loose the bands of Orion Job. xxxviii. 31. Ye shall find an ass tied, and a colt with her; loose them, and bring them unto me. Matt. xxi. 2.

2. To release from anything obligatory or burdensome; to disengage; hence, to absolve; to remit. Art thou loosed from a wife seek not a wife. 1 Cor. vii. 27. Whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven. Matt. xvi. 19.

3. To relax; to loosen; to make less strict. The joints of his loins were loosed. Dan. v. 6.

4. To solve; to interpret. [Obs.] Spenser.

LOOSE Loose, v. i.

Defn: To set sail. [Obs.] Acts xiii. 13.

LOOSELY Loose"ly, adv.

Defn: In a loose manner.

LOOSEN Loos"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Loosened; p. pr. & vb. n. Loosening.] Etym: [See Loose, v. t.]

1. To make loose; to free from tightness, tension, firmness, or fixedness; to make less dense or compact; as, to loosen a string, or a knot; to loosen a rock in the earth. After a year's rooting, then shaking doth the tree good by loosening of the earth. Bacon.

2. To free from restraint; to set at liberty.. It loosens his hands, and assists his understanding. Dryden.

3. To remove costiveness from; to facilitate or increase the alvine discharges of. Bacon.

LOOSEN Loos"en, v. i.

Defn: To become loose; to become less tight, firm, or compact. S. Sharp.

LOOSENER Loos"en*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, loosens.

LOOSENESS Loose"ness, n.

Defn: The state, condition, or quality, of being loose; as, the looseness of a cord; looseness of style; looseness of morals or of principles.

LOOSESTRIFE Loose"strife`, n. (Bot.) (a) The name of several species of plants of the genus Lysimachia, having small star-shaped flowers, usually of a yellow color. (b) Any species of the genus Lythrum, having purple, or, in some species, crimson flowers. Gray.

False loosestrife, a plant of the genus Ludwigia, which includes several species, most of which are found in the United States. -- Tufted loosestrife, the plant Lysimachia thyrsiflora, found in the northern parts of the United States and in Europe. Gray.

LOOSISH Loos"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat loose.

LOOT Loot, n. Etym: [Hind. l, Skr. l, l, booty, lup to break, spoil; prob. akin to E. rob.]

1. The act of plundering.

2. Plunder; booty; especially, the boot taken in a conquered or sacked city.

LOOT Loot, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Looted; p. pr. & vb. n. Looting.]

Defn: To plunder; to carry off as plunder or a prize lawfully obtained by war. Looting parties . . . ransacking the houses. L.O

LOOTER Loot"er, n.

Defn: A plunderer.

LOOVER Loo"ver, n.

Defn: See Louver.

LOP Lop, n. Etym: [AS. loppe.]

Defn: A flea.[Obs.] Cleveland.

LOP Lop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lopped; p. pr. & vb. n. Lopping.] Etym: [Prov. G. luppen, lubben,to cut, geld, or OD. luppen, D. lubben.]

1. To cut off as the top or extreme part of anything; to shoas, to lop a tree or its branches. "With branches lopped, in wood or mountain felled." Milton. Expunge the whole, or lop the excrescent parts. Pope.

2. To cut partly off and bend down; as, to lop bushes in a hedge.

LOP Lop, n.

Defn: That which is lopped from anything, as branches from a tree. Shak. Mortimer.

LOP Lop, v. i.

Defn: To hang downward; to be pendent; to lean to one side.

LOP Lop, v. t.

Defn: To let hang down; as, to lop the head.

LOP Lop, a.

Defn: Hanging down; as, lop ears; -- used also in compound adjectives; as, lopeared; lopsided.

LOPE Lope, imp.

Defn: of Leap. [Obs.] And, laughing, lope into a tree. Spenser.

LOPE Lope, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Loped; p. pr. & vb. n. Loping.] Etym: [See Leap.]

1. To leap; to dance. [Prov. Eng.] "He that lopes on the ropes." Middleton.

2. To move with a lope, as a horse. [U.S.]

LOPE Lope, n.

1. A leap; a long step. [Prov. Eng.]

2. An easy gait, consisting of long running strides or leaps. [U.S.] The mustang goes rollicking ahead, with the eternal lope, . . . a mixture of two or three gaits, as easy as the motions of a crade. T. B. Thorpe.

LOPEARED Lop"eared`, a.

Defn: Having ears which lop or hang down.

LOPEMAN Lope"man, n.

Defn: Leaper; ropedancer. [Obs.]

LOPER Lop"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, lopes; esp., a horse that lopes. [U.S.]

2. (Rope Making)

Defn: A swivel at one end of a ropewalk, used in laying the strands.

LOPHINE Loph"ine, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous organic base obtained by the oxidation of amarine, and regarded as a derivative of benzoic aldehyde. It is obtained in long white crystalline tufts, -- whence its name.

LOPHIOMYS Lo*phi"o*mys, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. lofia` a mane, bristly ridge + my^s a mouse.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very singular rodent (Lophiomys Imhausi) of Northeastern Africa. It is the only known representative of a special family (Lophiomyidæ), remarkable for the structure of the skull. It has handlike feet, and the hair is peculiar in structure and arrangement.

LOPHOBRANCH Loph"o*branch, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Lophobranchii. -- n.

Defn: One of the Lophobranchii.

LOPHOBRANCHIATE Loph`o*bran"chi*ate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Lophobranchii.

LOPHOBRANCHII Loph`o*bran"chi*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of teleostean fishes, having the gills arranged in tufts on the branchial arches, as the Hippocampus and pipefishes.

LOPHOPHORE Loph"o*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A disk which surrounds the mouth and bears the tentacles of the Bryozoa. See Phylactolemata.

LOPHOPODA Lo*phop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Phylactolemata.

LOPHOSTEON Lo*phos"te*on, n. ; pl. L. Lophostea, E. Lophosteons. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The central keel-bearing part of the sternum in birds.

LOPPARD Lop"pard, n. Etym: [Lop + -ard.]

Defn: A tree, the top of which has been lopped off. [Eng.]

LOPPER Lop"per, n.

Defn: One who lops or cuts off.

LOPPER Lop"per, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Loppered; p. pr. & vb. n. Loppering.] Etym: [Cf. Prov. G. lübbern, levern, OHG. giliber, G. luppe, lab, rennet.]

Defn: To turn sour and coagulate from too long standing, as milk.

LOPPING Lop"ping, n.

Defn: A cutting off, as of branches; that which is cut off; leavings. The loppings made from that stock whilst it stood. Burke.

LOPPY Lop"py, a.

Defn: Somewhat lop; inclined to lop.

LOPSEED Lop"seed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial herb (Phryma Leptostachya), having slender seedlike fruits.

LOPSIDED Lop"sid`ed, a. Etym: [Lop + side. Cf. Lobsided.]

1. Leaning to one side because of some defect of structure; as, a lopsided ship. Marryat.

2. Unbalanced; poorly proportioned; full of idiosyncrasies. J. S. Mill.

LOQUACIOUS Lo*qua"cious, a. Etym: [L. loquax, -acis, talkative, fr. loqui to speak; cf. Gr.

1. Given to continual talking; talkative; garrulous. Loquacious, brawling, ever in the wrong. Dryden.

2. Speaking; expressive. [R.] J. Philips.

3. Apt to blab and disclose secrets.

Syn. -- Garrulous; talkative. See Garrulous.

LOQUACIOUSLY Lo*qua"cious*ly, adv.

Defn: In a loquacious manner.

LOQUACIOUSNESS Lo*qua"cious*ness, n.

Defn: Loquacity.

LOQUACITY Lo*quac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. loquacitas: cf. F. loquacité.]

Defn: The habit or practice of talking continually or excessively; inclination to talk too much; talkativeness; garrulity. Too great loquacity and too great taciturnity by fits. Arbuthnot.

LOQUAT Lo"quat, n. Etym: [Chinese name.] (Bot.)

Defn: The fruit of the Japanese medlar (Photinia Japonica). It is as large as a small plum, but grows in clusters, and contains four or five large seeds. Also, the tree itself.

LORAL Lo"ral, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the lores.

LORATE Lo"rate, a. Etym: [L. loratus, fr. lorum thong.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the form of a thong or strap; ligulate.

LORCHA Lor"cha, n. Etym: [Pg.] (Naut.)

Defn: A kind of light vessel used on the coast of China, having the hull built on a European model, and the rigging like that of a Chinese junk. Admiral Foote.

LORD Lord, n. Etym: [Cf. Gr.

Defn: A hump-backed person; -- so called sportively. [Eng.] Richardson (Dict.).

LORD Lord, n. Etym: [OE. lord, laverd, loverd, AS. hlaford, for hlafweard, i. e., bread keeper; hlaf bread, loaf + weardian to look after, to take care of, to ward. See Loaf, and Ward to guard, and cf. Laird, Lady.]

1. One who has power and authority; a master; a ruler; a governor; a prince; a proprietor, as of a manor. But now I was the lord Of this fair mansion. Shak. Man over men He made not lord. Milton.

2. A titled nobleman., whether a peer of the realm or not; a bishop, as a member of the House of Lords; by courtesy; the son of a duke or marquis, or the eldest son of an earl; in a restricted sense, a boron, as opposed to noblemen of higher rank. [Eng.]

3. A title bestowed on the persons above named; and also, for honor, on certain official persons; as, lord advocate, lord chamberlain, lord chancellor, lord chief justice, etc. [Eng.]

4. A husband. "My lord being old also." Gen. xviii. 12. Thou worthy lord Of that unworthy wife that greeteth thee. Shak.

5. (Feudal Law)

Defn: One of whom a fee or estate is held; the male owner of feudal land; as, the lord of the soil; the lord of the manor.

6. The Supreme Being; Jehovah.

Note: When Lord, in the Old Testament, is printed in small capitals, it is usually equivalent to Jehovah, and might, with more propriety, be so rendered.

7. The Savior; Jesus Christ. House of Lords, one of the constituent parts of the British Parliament, consisting of the lords spiritual and temporal. -- Lord high chancellor, Lord high constable, etc. See Chancellor, Constable, etc. -- Lord justice clerk, the second in rank of the two highest judges of the Supreme Court of Scotland. -- Lord justice general, or Lord president, the highest in rank of the judges of the Supreme Court of Scotland. -- Lord keeper, an ancient officer of the English crown, who had the custody of the king's great seal, with authority to affix it to public documents. The office is now merged in that of the chancellor. -- Lord lieutenant, a representative of British royalty: the lord lieutenant of Ireland being the representative of royalty there, and exercising supreme administrative authority; the lord lieutenant of a county being a deputy to manage its military concerns, and also to nominate to the chancellor the justices of the peace for that county. -- Lord of misrule, the master of the revels at Christmas in a nobleman's or other great house. Eng. Cyc. -- Lords spiritual, the archbishops and bishops who have seats in the House of Lords. -- Lords temporal, the peers of England; also, sixteen representative peers of Scotland, and twenty-eight representatives of the Irish peerage. -- Our lord, Jesus Christ; the Savior. -- The Lord's Day, Sunday; the Christian Sabbath, on which the Lord Jesus rose from the dead. -- The Lord's Prayer, the prayer which Jesus taught his disciples. Matt. vi. 9-13. -- The Lord's Supper. (a) The paschal supper partaken of by Jesus the night before his crucifixion. (b) The sacrament of the eucharist; the holy communion. -- The Lord's Table. (a) The altar or table from which the sacrament is dispensed. (b) The sacrament itself.

LORD Lord, v. t.

1. To invest with the dignity, power, and privileges of a lord. [R.] Shak.

2. To rule or preside over as a lord. [R.]

LORD Lord, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lorded; p. pr. & vb. n. Lording.]

Defn: To play the lord; to domineer; to rule with arbitrary or despotic sway; -- sometimes with over; and sometimes with it in the manner of a transitive verb. The whiles she lordeth in licentious bliss. Spenser. I see them lording it in London streets. Shak. And lorded over them whom now they serve. Milton.

LORDING Lord"ing, n. Etym: [Lord + -ing, 3.]

1. The son of a lord; a person of noble lineage. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. A little lord; a lordling; a lord, in contempt or ridicule. [Obs.] Swift.

Note: In the plural, a common ancient mode of address equivalent to "Sirs" or "My masters." Therefore, lordings all, I you beseech. Chaucer.

LORDKIN Lord"kin, n.

Defn: A little lord. Thackeray.

LORDLIKE Lord"like`, a. Etym: [2d lord + like. Cf. Lordly.]

1. Befitting or like a lord; lordly.

2. Haughty; proud; insolent; arrogant.

LORDLINESS Lord"li*ness, n. Etym: [From Lordly.]

Defn: The state or quality of being lordly. Shak.

LORDLING Lord"ling, n. Etym: [Lord + -ling.]

Defn: A little or insignificant lord. Goldsmith.

LORDLY Lord"ly, a. [Compar. Lordlier; superl. Lordliest.] Etym: [Lord + -ly. Cf. Lordlike.]

1. Suitable for a lord; of or pertaining to a lord; resembling a lord; hence, grand; noble; dignified; honorable. She brought forth butter in a lordly dish. Judges v. 25. Lordly sins require lordly estates to support them. South. The maidens gathered strength and grace And presence, lordlier than before. Tennyson.

2. Proud; haughty; imperious; insolent. Lords are lordliest in their wine. Milton.

Syn. -- Imperious; haughty; overbearing; tyrannical; despotic; domineering; arrogant. See Imperious.

LORDLY Lord"ly, adv.

Defn: In a lordly manner.

LORDOLATRY Lord*ol"a*try, n. Etym: [Lord + -olatry, as in idolatry.]

Defn: Worship of, or reverence for, a lord as such. [Jocose] But how should it be otherwise in a country where lordolatry is part of our creed Thackeray.

LORDOSIS Lor*do"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) (a) A curvature of the spine forwards, usually in the lumbar region. (b) Any abnormal curvature of the bones.

LORDS AND LADIES Lords" and La"dies. (Bot.)

Defn: The European wake-robin (Arum maculatum), -- those with purplish spadix the lords, and those with pale spadix the ladies. Dr. Prior.

LORDSHIP Lord"ship, n.

1. The state or condition of being a lord; hence (with his or your), a title applied to a lord (except an archbishop or duke, who is called Grace) or a judge (in Great Britain), etc.

2. Seigniory; domain; the territory over which a lord holds jurisdiction; a manor. What lands and lordships for their owner know My quondam barber. Dryden.

3. Dominion; power; authority. They which are accounted to rule over the Gentiles exercise lordship over them. Mark x. 42.

LORE Lore, n. Etym: [F. lore, L. lorum thong.] (Zoöl.) (a) The space between the eye and bill, in birds, and the corresponding region in reptiles and fishes. (b) The anterior portion of the cheeks of insects.

LORE Lore, obs. imp. & p. p. of Lose. Etym: [See Lose.]

Defn: Lost. Neither of them she found where she them lore. Spenser.

LORE Lore, n. Etym: [OE. lore, lare, AS. lar, fr. l to teach; akin to D. leer teaching, doctrine, G. lehre, Dan. lære, Sw. lära. See Learn, and cf. Lere, v. t.]

1. That which is or may be learned or known; the knowledge gained from tradition, books, or experience; often, the whole body of knowledge possessed by a people or class of people, or pertaining to a particular subject; as, the lore of the Egyptians; priestly lore; legal lore; folklore. "The lore of war." Fairfax. His fair offspring, nursed in princely lore. Milton.

2. That which is taught; hence, instruction; wisdom; advice; counsel. Chaucer. If please ye, listen to my lore. Spenser.

3. Workmanship. [Obs.] Spenser.

LOREAL; LORAL Lor"e*al, Lor"al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the lore; -- said of certain feathers of birds, scales of reptiles, etc.

LOREL Lor"el, n. [Losel.]

Defn: A good for nothing fellow; a vagabond. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOREN Lor"en, obs. strong p. p.

Defn: of Lose. Chaucer.

LORESMAN Lores"man, n. Etym: [Lorelearning + man.]

Defn: An instructor. [Obs.] Gower.

LORETO NUNS; LORETTO NUNS Lo*ret"o, or Lo*ret"to, nuns. [From Loreto, a city in Italy famous for its Holy House, said to be that in which Jesus lived, brought by angels from Nazareth.] (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: Members of a congregation of nuns founded by Mrs. Mary Teresa Ball, near Dublin, Ireland, in 1822, and now spread over Ireland, India, Canada, and the United States. The nuns are called also Ladies of Loreto. They are engaged in teaching girls.

LORETTE Lo`rette", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: In France, a name for a woman who is supported by her lovers, and devotes herself to idleness, show, and pleasure; -- so called from the church of Notre Dame de Lorette, in Paris, near which many of them resided.

LORETTINE Lo`ret*tine", n. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: One of a order of nuns founded in 1812 at Loretto, in Kentucky. The members of the order (called also Sisters of Loretto, or Friends of Mary at the Foot of the Cross) devote themselves to the cause of education and the care of destitute orphans, their labors being chiefly confined to the Western United States.

LORGNETTE Lor`gnette" n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: An opera glass; pl.

Defn: elaborate double eyeglasses.

LORI Lo"ri, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Lory.

LORICA Lo*ri"ca, n.; pl. Loricæ. Etym: [L., lit., a corselet of thongs, fr. lorum thong.]

1. (Anc. Armor)

Defn: A cuirass, originally of leather, afterward of plates of metal or horn sewed on linen or the like.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Lute for protecting vessels from the fire.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The protective case or shell of an infusorian or rotifer.

LORICATA Lor`i*ca"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Loricata.] (Zoöl.) (a) A suborder of edentates, covered with bony plates, including the armadillos. (b) The crocodilia.

LORICATE Lor"i*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Loricated; p. pr. & vb. n. Loricating.] Etym: [L. loricatus, p. p. of loricare to clothe in mail, to cover with plastering, fr. lorica a leather cuirass, a plastering, fr. lorum thong.]

Defn: To cover with some protecting substance, as with lute, a crust, coating, or plates.

LORICATE Lor"i*cate, a. Etym: [See Loricate, v.]

Defn: Covered with a shell or exterior made of plates somewhat like a coat of mail, as in the armadillo.

LORICATE Lor"i*cate, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal covered with bony scales, as crocodiles among reptiles, and the pangolins among mammals.

LORICATION Lor`i*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. loricatio.]

Defn: The act of loricating; the protecting substance put on; a covering of scales or plates.

LORIKEET Lor"i*keet, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one numerous species of small brush-tongued parrots or lories, found mostly in Australia, New Guinea and the adjacent islands, with some forms in the East Indies. They are arboreal in their habits and feed largely upon the honey of flowers. They belong to Trichoglossus, Loriculus, and several allied genera.

LORIMER; LORINER Lor"i*mer, Lor"i*ner, n. Etym: [OF. lormier, loremier, fr. LL. loranum bridle, L. lorum thong, the rein of a bridle.]

Defn: A maker of bits, spurs, and metal mounting for bridles and saddles; hence, a saddler. [Obs.] Holinshed.

LORING Lor"ing, n. Etym: [See 3d Lore.]

Defn: Instructive discourse. [Obs.] Spenser.

LORIOT Lo"ri*ot, n. Etym: [F., fr. OF. loriou, for l'oriol, , l' being the article. The same word as oriole. See Oriole.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The golden oriole of Europe. See Oriole.

LORIS Lo"ris, n. Etym: [Loris, or lori, the indigenous East Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small lemurs of the genus Stenops. They have long, slender limbs and large eyes, and are arboreal in their habits. The slender loris (S. gracilis), of Ceylon, in one of the best known species. [Written also lori.]

LORN Lorn, a. Etym: [Strong p. p. of Lose. See Lose, Forlorn.]

1. Lost; undone; ruined. [Archaic] If thou readest, thou art lorn. Sir W. Scott.

2. Forsaken; abandoned; solitary; bereft; as, a lone, lorn woman.

LORRIE; LORRY Lor"rie, Lor"ry, n.; pl. Lorries. Etym: [Prob. from lurry to pull or lug.]

Defn: A small cart or wagon, as those used on the tramways in mines to carry coal or rubbish; also, a barrow or truck for shifting baggage, as at railway stations.

LORY Lo"ry, n.; pl. Lories. Etym: [Hind. & Malay. luri, nuri.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of many species of small parrots of the family Trichoglossidæ, generally having the tongue papillose at the tip, and the mandibles straighter and less toothed than in common parrots. They are found in the East Indies, Australia, New Guinea, and the adjacent islands. They feed mostly on soft fruits and on the honey of flowers.

Note: The lory, or louri, of South Africa is the white-crested plantain eater or turacou. See Turacou.

LOS Los, n.

Defn: Praise. See Loos. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOSABLE Los"a*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be lost.

LOSANGE Los"ange, n.

Defn: See Lozenge.

LOSE Lose, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Losing.] Etym: [OE. losien to loose, be lost, lose, AS. losian to become loose; akin to OE. leosen to lose, p. p. loren, lorn, AS. leósan, p. p. loren (in comp.), D. verliezen, G. verlieren, Dan. forlise, Sw. förlisa, förlora, Goth. fraliusan, also to E. loose, a & v., L. luere to loose, Gr. l to cut. sq. root127. Cf. Analysis, Palsy, Solve, Forlorn, Leasing, Loose, Loss.]

1. To part with unintentionally or unwillingly, as by accident, misfortune, negligence, penalty, forfeit, etc.; to be deprived of; as, to lose money from one's purse or pocket, or in business or gaming; to lose an arm or a leg by amputation; to lose men in battle. Fair Venus wept the sad disaster Of having lost her favorite dove. Prior.

2. To cease to have; to possess no longer; to suffer diminution of; as, to lose one's relish for anything; to lose one's health. If the salt hath lost his savor, wherewith shall it be salted Matt. v. 13.

3. Not to employ; to employ ineffectually; to throw away; to waste; to squander; as, to lose a day; to lose the benefits of instruction. The unhappy have but hours, and these they lose. Dryden.

4. To wander from; to miss, so as not to be able to and; to go astray from; as, to lose one's way. He hath lost his fellows. Shak

5. To ruin; to destroy; as destroy; as, the ship was lost on the ledge. The woman that deliberates is lost. Addison.

6. To be deprived of the view of; to cease to see or know the whereabouts of; as, he lost his companion in the crowd. Like following life thro' creatures you dissect, You lose it in the moment you detect. Pope .

7. To fail to obtain or enjoy; to fail to gain or win; hence, to fail to catch with the mind or senses; to miss; as, I lost a part of what he said. He shall in no wise lose his reward. Matt. x. 42. I fought the battle bravely which I lost, And lost it but to Macedonians. Dryden.

8. To cause to part with; to deprive of. [R.] How should you go about to lose him a wife he loves with so much passion Sir W. Temple.

9. To prevent from gaining or obtaining. O false heart ! thou hadst almost betrayed me to eternal flames, and lost me this glory. Baxter. To lose ground, to fall behind; to suffer gradual loss or disadvantage. -- To lose heart, to lose courage; to become timid. "The mutineers lost heart." Macaulay. -- To lose one's head, to be thrown off one's balance; to lose the use of one's good sense or judgment. In the excitement of such a discovery, many scholars lost their heads. Whitney. -- To lose one's self. (a) To forget or mistake the bearing of surrounding objects; as, to lose one's self in a great city. (b) To have the perceptive and rational power temporarily suspended; as, we lose ourselves in sleep. -- To lose sight of. (a) To cease to see; as, to lose sight of the land. (b) To overlook; to forget; to fail to perceive; as, he lost sight of the issue.

LOSE Lose, v. i.

Defn: To suffer loss, disadvantage, or defeat; to be worse off, esp. as the result of any kind of contest. We 'll . . . hear poor rogues Talk of court news; and we'll talk with them too, Who loses and who wins; who's in, who's out. Shak.

LOSEL Los"el, n. Etym: [From the root of lose, loss. Lorel.]

Defn: One who loses by sloth or neglect; a worthless person; a lorel. [Archaic] Spenser. One sad losel soils a name for aye. Byron.

LOSEL Los"el, a.

Defn: Wasteful; slothful.

LOSENGER Los"en*ger, n. Etym: [OF. losengier, losengeor, fr. losengier to deceive, flatter, losenge, flattery, Pr. lauzenga, fr. L. laus praise. Cf. Lozenge.]

Defn: A flatterer; a deceiver; a cozener. [Obs.] Chaucer. To a fair pair of gallows, there to end their lives with shame, as a number of such other losengers had done. Holinshed.

LOSENGERIE Los"en*ger*ie, n. Etym: [OF.]

Defn: Flattery; deceit; trickery. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOSER Los"er, n.

Defn: One who loses. South.

LOSING Lo"sing, a. Etym: [See Losenger.]

Defn: Given to flattery or deceit; flattering; cozening. [Obs.] Amongst the many simoniacal that swarmed in the land, Herbert, Bishop of Thetford, must not be forgotten; nick-named Losing, that is, the Fratterer. Fuller.

LOSING Los"ing, a. Etym: [See Lose, v. t.]

Defn: Causing or incurring loss; as, a losing game or business. Who strive sit out losing hands are lost. Herbert.

LOSINGLY Los"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner to incur loss.

LOSS Loss, n. Etym: [AS. los loss, losing, fr. leósan to lose. Lose, v. t.]

1. The act of losing; failure; destruction; privation; as, the loss of property; loss of money by gaming; loss of health or reputation. Assured loss before the match be played. Shak.

2. The state of losing or having lost; the privation, defect, misfortune, harm, etc., which ensues from losing. Though thou repent, yet I have still the loss. Shak

3. That which is lost or from which one has parted; waste; -- opposed to gain or increase; as, the loss of liquor by leakage was considerable.

4. The state of being lost or destroyed; especially, the wreck or foundering of a ship or other vessel.

5. Failure to gain or win; as, loss of a race or battle.

6. Failure to use advantageously; as, loss of time.

7. (Mil.)

Defn: Killed, wounded, and captured persons, or captured property.

8. (Insurance)

Defn: Destruction or diminution of value, if brought about in a manner provided for in the insurance contract (as destruction by fire or wreck, damage by water or smoke), or the death or injury of an insured person; also, the sum paid or payable therefor; as, the losses of the company this year amount to a million of dollars. To bear a loss, to make a loss good; also, to sustain a loss without sinking under it. -- To be at a loss, to be in a state of uncertainty.

Syn. -- Privation; detriment; injury; damage.

LOSSFUL Loss"ful, a.

Defn: Detrimental. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

LOSSLESS Loss"less, a.

Defn: Free from loss. [Obs.] Milton.

LOST Lost, a. Etym: [Prop. p. p. of OE. losien. See Lose, v. t.]

1. Parted with unwillingly or unintentionally; not to be found; missing; as, a lost book or sheep.

2. Parted with; no longer held or possessed; as, a lost limb; lost honor.

3. Not employed or enjoyed; thrown away; employed ineffectually; wasted; squandered; as, a lost day; a lost opportunity or benefit.

5. Having wandered from, or unable to find, the way; bewildered; perplexed; as, a child lost in the woods; a stranger lost in London.

6. Ruined or destroyed, either physically or morally; past help or hope; as, a ship lost at sea; a woman lost to virtue; a lost soul.

7. Hardened beyond sensibility or recovery; alienated; insensible; as, lost to shame; lost to all sense of honor.

8. Not perceptible to the senses; no longer visible; as, an island lost in a fog; a person lost in a crowd.

9. Occupied with, or under the influence of, something, so as to be insensible of external things; as, to be lost in thought. Lost motion (Mach.), the difference between the motion of a driver and that of a follower, due to the yielding of parts or looseness of joints.

LOT Lot, n. Etym: [AS. hlot; akin to hleótan to cast lots, OS. hl lot, D. lot, G. loos, OHG. l, Icel. hlutr, Sw. lott, Dan. lod, Goth. hlauts. Cf. Allot, Lotto, Lottery.]

1. That which happens without human design or forethought; chance; accident; hazard; fortune; fate. But save my life, which lot before your foot doth lay. Spenser.

2. Anything (as a die, pebble, ball, or slip of paper) used in determining a question by chance, or without man's choice or will; as, to cast or draw lots. The lot is cast into the lap, but the whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Prov. xvi. 33. If we draw lots, he speeds. Shak.

3. The part, or fate, which falls to one, as it were, by chance, or without his planning. O visions ill foreseen! Each day's lot's Enough to bear. Milton. He was but born to try The lot of man -- to suffer and to die. Pope.

4. A separate portion; a number of things taken collectively; as, a lot of stationery; -- colloquially, sometimes of people; as, a sorry lot; a bad lot. I, this winter, met with a very large lot of English heads, chiefly of the reign of James I. Walpole.

5. A distinct portion or plot of land, usually smaller than a field; as, a building lot in a city. The defendants leased a house and lot in the city of New York. Kent.

6. A large quantity or number; a great deal; as, to spend a lot of money; lots of people think so. [Colloq.] He wrote to her . . . he might be detained in London by a lot of business. W. Black.

7. A prize in a lottery. [Obs.] Evelyn. To cast in one's lot with, to share the fortunes of. -- To cast lots, to use or throw a die, or some other instrument, by the unforeseen turn or position of which, an event is by previous agreement determined. -- To draw lots, to determine an event, or make a decision, by drawing one thing from a number whose marks are concealed from the drawer. -- To pay scot and lot, to pay taxes according to one's ability. See Scot.

LOT Lot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Lotting.]

Defn: To allot; to sort; to portion. [R.] To lot on or upon, to count or reckon upon; to expect with pleasure. [Colloq. U. S.]

LOTE Lote, n. Etym: [L. lotus, Gr. Lotus.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large tree (Celtis australis), found in the south of Europe. It has a hard wood, and bears a cherrylike fruit. Called also nettle tree. Eng. Cyc.

LOTE Lote, n. Etym: [F. lotte.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European burbot.

LOTE Lote, v. i. Etym: [AS. lutian.]

Defn: To lurk; to lie hid. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOTH; LOTHLY; LOTHSOME Loth, a., Loth"ly, a. & adv., Loth"some (, a.,

Defn: See Loath, Loathly, etc.

LOTHARIO Lo*tha"ri*o, n. Etym: [Name of a character in Rowe's drama, "The Fair Penitent."]

Defn: A gay seducer of women; a libertine.

LOTION Lo"tion, n. Etym: [L. lotio, fr. lavare, lotum, to wash: cf. F. lotion. See Lave to wash.]

1. A washing, especially of the skin for the purpose of rendering it fair.

2. A liquid preparation for bathing the skin, or an injured or diseased part, either for a medicinal purpose, or for improving its appearance.

LOTO Lo"to, n.

Defn: See Lotto.

LOTONG Lo*tong", n. Etym: [Malay l.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An East Indian monkey (Semnopithecus femoralis).

LOTOPHAGI Lo*toph"a*gi, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A people visited by Ulysses in his wanderings. They subsisted on the lotus. See Lotus (b), and Lotus-eater.

LOTOS Lo"tos, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: See Lotus.

LOTTERY Lot"ter*y, n.; pl. Lotteries. Etym: [Lot + -ery, as in brewery, bindery.]

1. A scheme for the distribution of prizes by lot or chance; esp., a gaming scheme in which one or more tickets bearing particular numbers draw prizes, and the rest of tickets are blanks. Fig. : An affair of chance.

Note: The laws of the United States and of most of the States make lotteries illegal.

2. Allotment; thing allotted. [Obs.] Shak.

LOTTO Lot"to, n. Etym: [F. loto or It. lotto, prop., a lot; of German origin. See Lot.]

Defn: A game of chance, played with cards, on which are inscribed numbers, and any contrivance (as a wheel containing numbered balls) for determining a set of numbers by chance. The player holding a card having on it the set of numbers drawn from the wheel takes the stakes after a certain percentage of them has been deducted for the dealer. A variety of lotto is called keno. [Often written loto.]

LOTURE Lo"ture, n. Etym: [L. lotura. See Lotion.]

Defn: See Lotion. [Obs.] Holland.

LOTUS Lo"tus, n. Etym: [L. lotus, Gr. Lote.]

1. (Bot.) (a) A name of several kinds of water lilies; as Nelumbium speciosum, used in religious ceremonies, anciently in Egypt, and to this day in Asia; Nelumbium luteum, the American lotus; and Nymphæa Lotus and N. cærulea, the respectively white-flowered and blue-flowered lotus of modern Egypt, which, with Nelumbium speciosum, are figured on its ancient monuments. (b) The lotus of the lotuseaters, probably a tree found in Northern Africa, Sicily, Portugal, and Spain (Zizyphus Lotus), the fruit of which is mildly sweet. It was fabled by the ancients to make strangers who ate of it forget their native country, or lose all desire to return to it. (c) The lote, or nettle tree. See Lote. (d) A genus (Lotus) of leguminous plants much resembling clover. [Written also lotos.] European lotus, a small tree (Diospyros Lotus) of Southern Europe and Asia; also, its rather large bluish black berry, which is called also the date plum.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: An ornament much used in Egyptian architecture, generally asserted to have been suggested by the Egyptian water lily.

LOTUS-EATER; LOTOS-EATER Lo"tus-eat`er, Lo"tos-eat`er, n. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: One who ate the fruit or leaf of the lotus, and, as a consequence, gave himself up to indolence and daydreams; one of the Lotophagi. The mild-eyed melancholy Lotos-eaters. Tennyson.

LOUCHETTES Lou*chettes", n. pl. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Goggles intended to rectify strabismus by permitting vision only directly in front. Knight.

LOUD Loud, a. [Compar. Louder; superl. Loudest.] Etym: [OE. loud, lud, AS. hl; akin to OS. hl, D. luid, OHG. l, G. laut, L. -clutus, in inclutus, inclitus, celebrated, renowned, cluere to be called, Gr. . Client, Listen, Slave a serf.]

1. Having, making, or being a strong or great sound; noisy; striking the ear with great force; as, a loud cry; loud thunder. They were instant with loud voices, requiring that he might be crucified. Luke xxiii. 23.

2. Clamorous; boisterous. She is loud and stubborn. Prov. vii. 11.

3. Emphatic; impressive; urgent; as, a loud call for united effort. [Colloq.]

4. Ostentatious; likely to attract attention; gaudy; as, a loud style of dress; loud colors. [Slang]

Syn. -- Noisy; boisterous; vociferous; clamorous; obstreperous; turbulent; blustering; vehement.

LOUD Loud, adv. Etym: [AS. hlude.]

Defn: With loudness; loudly. To speak loud in public assemblies. Addison.

LOUDFUL Loud"ful, a.

Defn: Noisy. [Obs.] Marsion.

LOUDLY Loud"ly, adv.

Defn: In a loud manner. Denham.

LOUD-MOUTHED Loud"-mouthed`, a.

Defn: Having a loud voice; talking or sounding noisily; noisily impudent.

LOUDNESS Loud"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being loud.

LOUD-VOICED Loud"-voiced`, a.

Defn: Having a loud voice; noisy; clamorous. Byron.

LOUGH Lough, n. Etym: [See 1st Loch.]

Defn: A loch or lake; -- so spelt in Ireland.

LOUGH Lough, obs. strong imp.

Defn: of Laugh. Chaucer.

LOUIS D'OR Lou"is d'or`. Etym: [F., gold louis.]

Defn: Formerly, a gold coin of France nominally worth twenty shillings sterling, but of varying value; -- first struck in 1640.

LOUIS QUATORZE Lon"is qua*torze". Etym: [F., Louis fourteenth.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the art or style of the times of Louis XIV. of France; as, Louis quatorze architecture.

LOUK Louk, n.

Defn: An accomplice; a "pal." [Obs.] There is no thief without a louk. Chaucer.

LOUNGE Lounge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lounged; p. pr. & vb. n. Lounging.] Etym: [OE. lungis a tall, slow, awkward fellow, OF. longis, longin, said to be fr. Longinus, the name of the centurion who pierced the body of Christ, but with reference also to L. longus long. Cf. Long, a.]

Defn: To spend time lazily, whether lolling or idly sauntering; to pass time indolently; to stand, sit, or recline, in an indolent manner. We lounge over the sciences, dawdle through literature, yawn over politics. J. Hannay.

LOUNGE Lounge, n.

1. An idle gait or stroll; the state of reclining indolently; a place of lounging. She went with Lady Stock to a bookseller's whose shop lounge. Miss Edgeworth.

2. A piece of furniture resembling a sofa, upon which one may lie or recline.

LOUNGER Loun"ger, n.

Defn: One who lounges; ar idler.

LOUP Loup, n. (Iron Works)

Defn: See 1st Loop.

LOUP-CERVIER Loup"-cer`vier", n. Etym: [F. Cf. Lusern.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Canada lynx. See Lynx.

LOUP-GAROU Loup`-ga`rou", n.; pl. Loups-garous (#). [F., fr. loup wolf + a Teutonic word akin to E. werewolf.]

Defn: A werewolf; a lycanthrope.

The superstition of the loup-garou, or werewolf, belongs to the folklore of most modern nations, and has its reflex in the story of "Little Red Riding-hood" and others. Brinton.

LOUPING Loup"ing. [From Loup to leap.] (Veter.)

Defn: An enzoötic, often fatal, disease of sheep and other domestic animals, of unknown cause. It is characterized by muscular tremors and spasms, followed by more or less complete paralysis. The principal lesion is an inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.

LOUP-LOUP Loup`-loup", n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Pomeranian or Spitz dog.

LOUPS Loups, n. pl.; sing. Loup. Etym: [F., prop., a wolf.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: The Pawnees, a tribe of North American Indians whose principal totem was the wolf.

LOUR Lour, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Asiatic sardine (Clupea Neohowii), valued for its oil.

LOURI Lou"ri, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Lory.

LOUSE Louse, n.; pl. Lice. Etym: [OE. lous, AS. l, pl. l; akin to D. luis, G. laus, OHG. l, Icel. l, Sw. lus, Dan. luus; perh. so named because it is destructive, and akin to E. lose, loose.] (Zoöl.)

1. Any one of numerous species of small, wingless, suctorial, parasitic insects belonging to a tribe (Pediculina), now usually regarded as degraded Hemiptera. To this group belong of the lice of man and other mammals; as, the head louse of man (Pediculus capitis), the body louse (P. vestimenti), and the crab louse (Phthirius pubis), and many others. See Crab louse, Dog louse, Cattle louse, etc., under Crab, Dog, etc.

2. Any one of numerous small mandibulate insects, mostly parasitic on birds, and feeding on the feathers. They are known as Mallophaga, or bird lice, though some occur on the hair of mammals. They are usually regarded as degraded Pseudoneuroptera. See Mallophaga.

3. Any one of the numerous species of aphids, or plant lice. See Aphid.

4. Any small crustacean parasitic on fishes. See Branchiura, and Ichthvophthira.

Note: The term is also applied to various other parasites; as, the whale louse, beelouse, horse louse. Louse fly (Zoöl.), a parasitic dipterous insect of the group Pupipara. Some of them are wingless, as the bee louse. -- Louse mite (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of mites which infest mammals and birds, clinging to the hair and feathers like lice. They belong to Myobia, Dermaleichus, Mycoptes, and several other genera.

LOUSE Louse, v. t.

Defn: To clean from lice. "You sat and loused him." Swift.

LOUSEWORT Louse"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any species of Pedicularis, a genus of perennial herbs. It was said to make sheep that fed on it lousy. Yellow lousewort , a plant of the genus Rhinanthus.

LOUSILY Lous"i*ly, adv. Etym: [From Lousy.]

Defn: In a lousy manner; in a mean, paltry manner; scurvily. [Vulgar]

LOUSINESS Lous"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being lousy.

LOUSY Lous"y, a.

1. Infested with lice.

2. Mean; contemptible; as, lousy knave. [Vulgar] Such lousy learning as this is. Bale.

LOUT Lout, v. i. Etym: [OE. louten, luten, AS. l; akin to Icel. l, Dan. lude, OHG. l to lie hid.]

Defn: To bend; to box; to stoop. [Archaic] Chaucer. Longfellow. He fair the knight saluted, louting low. Spenser.

LOUT Lout, n. Etym: [Formerly also written lowt.]

Defn: A clownish, awkward fellow; a bumpkin. Sir P. Sidney.

LOUT Lout, v. t.

Defn: To treat as a lout or fool; to neglect; to disappoint. [Obs.] Shak.

LOUTISH Lout"ish, a.

Defn: Clownish; rude; awkward. "Loutish clown." Sir P. Sidney. -- Lout"ish*ly, adv. -- Lout"*ish*ness, n.

LOUTOU Lou*tou", n. Etym: [Native names.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A crested black monkey (Semnopithecus maurus) of Java.

LOUVER; LOUVRE Lou"ver, Lou"vre, n. Etym: [OE. lover, OF. lover, lovier; or l'ouvert the opening, fr. overt, ouvert, p. p. of ovrir, ouvrir, to open, F. ouvrir. Cf. Overt.] (Arch.)

Defn: A small lantern. See Lantern, 2 (a) [Written also lover, loover, lovery, and luffer.] Louver boards or boarding, the sloping boards set to shed rainwater outward in openings which are to be left otherwise unfilled; as belfry windows, the openings of a louver, etc. -- Louver work, slatted work.

LOVABLE Lov"a*ble, a.

Defn: Having qualities that excite, or are fitted to excite, love; worthy of love. Elaine the fair, Elaine the lovable, Elaine, the lily maid of Astolat. Tennyson.

LOVAGE Lov"age, n. Etym: [F. livèche, fr. L. levisticum, ligusticum, a plant indigenous to Liguria, lovage, from Ligusticus Ligustine, Ligurian, Liguria a country of Cisalpine Gaul.] (Bot.)

Defn: An umbelliferous plant (Levisticum officinale), sometimes used in medicine as an aromatic stimulant.

LOVE Love, n. Etym: [OE. love, luve, AS. lufe, lufu; akin to E.lief, believe, L. lubet, libet,it pleases, Skr. lubh to be lustful. See Lief.]

1. A feeling of strong attachment induced by that which delights or commands admiration; preëminent kindness or devotion to another; affection; tenderness; as, the love of brothers and sisters. Of all the dearest bonds we prove Thou countest sons' and mothers' love Most sacred, most Thine own. Keble.

2. Especially, devoted attachment to, or tender or passionate affection for, one of the opposite sex. He on his side Leaning half-raised, with looks of cordial love Hung over her enamored. Milton.

3. Courtship; -- chiefly in the phrase to make love, i. e., to court, to woo, to solicit union in marriage. Demetrius . . . Made love to Nedar's daughter, Helena, And won her soul. Shak.

4. Affection; kind feeling; friendship; strong liking or desire; fondness; good will; -- opposed to hate; often with of and an object. Love, and health to all. Shak. Smit with the love of sacred song. Milton. The love of science faintly warmed his breast. Fenton.

5. Due gratitude and reverence to God. Keep yourselves in the love of God. Jude 21.

6. The object of affection; -- often employed in endearing address. "Trust me, love." Dryden. Open the temple gates unto my love. Spenser.

7. Cupid, the god of love; sometimes, Venus. Such was his form as painters, when they show Their utmost art, on naked Lores bestow. Dryden. Therefore do nimble-pinioned doves draw Love. Shak.

8. A thin silk stuff. [Obs.] Boyle.

9. (Bot.)

Defn: A climbing species of Clematis (C. Vitalba).

10. Nothing; no points scored on one side; -- used in counting score at tennis, etc. He won the match by three sets to love. The Field.

Note: Love is often used in the formation of compounds, in most of which the meaning is very obvious; as, love-cracked, love-darting, love-killing, love-linked, love-taught, etc. A labor of love, a labor undertaken on account of regard for some person, or through pleasure in the work itself, without expectation of reward. -- Free love, the doctrine or practice of consorting with one of the opposite sex, at pleasure, without marriage. See Free love. -- Free lover, one who avows or practices free love. -- In love, in the act of loving; -- said esp. of the love of the sexes; as, to be in love; to fall in love. -- Love apple (Bot.), the tomato. -- Love bird (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small, short- tailed parrots, or parrakeets, of the genus Agapornis, and allied genera. They are mostly from Africa. Some species are often kept as cage birds, and are celebrated for the affection which they show for their mates. -- Love broker, a person who for pay acts as agent between lovers, or as a go-between in a sexual intrigue. Shak. -- Love charm, a charm for exciting love. Ld. Lytton. -- Love child. an illegitimate child. Jane Austen. -- Love day, a day formerly appointed for an amicable adjustment of differences. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Chaucer. -- Love drink, a love potion; a philter. Chaucer. -- Love favor, something given to be worn in token of love. -- Love feast, a religious festival, held quarterly by some religious denominations, as the Moravians and Methodists, in imitation of the agapæ of the early Christians. -- Love feat, the gallant act of a lover. Shak. -- Love game, a game, as in tennis, in which the vanquished person or party does not score a point. -- Love grass. Etym: [G. liebesgras.] (Bot.) Any grass of the genus Eragrostis. -- Love-in-a-mist. (Bot.) (a) An herb of the Buttercup family (Nigella Damascena) having the flowers hidden in a maze of finely cut bracts. (b) The West Indian Passiflora foetida, which has similar bracts. -- Love-in-idleness (Bot.), a kind of violet; the small pansy. A little western flower, Before milk-white, now purple with love's wound; And maidens call it love-in-idleness. Shak. -- Love juice, juice of a plant supposed to produce love. Shak. -- Love knot, a knot or bow, as of ribbon; -- so called from being used as a token of love, or as a pledge of mutual affection. Milman. -- Love lass, a sweetheart. -- Love letter, a letter of courtship. Shak. -- Love-lies-bleeding (Bot.), a species of amaranth (Amarantus melancholicus). -- Love match, a marriage brought about by love alone. -- Love potion, a compounded draught intended to excite love, or venereal desire. -- Love rites, sexual intercourse. Pope -- Love scene, an exhibition of love, as between lovers on the stage. -- Love suit, courtship. Shak. -- Of all loves, for the sake of all love; by all means. [Obs.] "Mrs. Arden desired him of all loves to come back again." Holinshed. -- The god of love, or Love god, Cupid. -- To make love to, to express affection for; to woo. "If you will marry, make your loves to me." Shak. -- To play for love, to play a game, as at cards, without stakes. "A game at piquet for love." Lamb.

Syn. -- Affection; friendship; kindness; tenderness; fondness; delight.

LOVE Love, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Loved; p. pr. & vb. n. Loving.] Etym: [AS. lufian. Love, n.]

1. To have a feeling of love for; to regard with affection or good will; as, to love one's children and friends; to love one's country; to love one's God. Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind. Matt. xxii. 37. Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thy self. Matt. xxii. 39.

2. To regard with passionate and devoted affection, as that of one sex for the other.

3. To take delight or pleasure in; to have a strong liking or desire for, or interest in; to be pleased with; to like; as, to love books; to love adventures. Wit, eloquence, and poetry. Arts which I loved. Cowley.

LOVE Love, v. i.

Defn: To have the feeling of love; to be in love.

LOVEABLE Love"a*ble, a.

Defn: See Lovable.

LOVE-DRURY Love"-*dru`ry, n. Etym: [Love + OF. druerie. Cf. Druery.]

Defn: Affection. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOVEE Lov*ee", n.

Defn: One who is loved. [Humorous] "The lover and lovee." Richardson.

LOVEFUL Love"ful, a.

Defn: Full of love. [Obs.] Sylvester.

LOVELESS Love"less, a.

1. Void of love; void of tenderness or kindness. Milton. Shelton.

2. Not attracting love; unattractive. These are ill-favored to see to; and yet, asloveless as they be, they are not without some medicinable virtues. Holland.

LOVELILY Love"li*ly, adv. Etym: [From Lovely.]

Defn: In manner to excite love; amiably. [R.] Otway.

LOVELINESS Love"li*ness, n. Etym: [From Lovely.]

Defn: The state or quality of being lovely. If there is such a native loveliness in the sex as to make them victorious when in the wrong, how resistless their power when they are on the side of truth! Spectator.

LOVELOCK Love"lock`, n.

Defn: A long lock of hair hanging prominently by itself; an earlock; -- worn by men of fashion in the reigns of Elizabeth and James I. Burton. A long lovelock and long hair he wore. Sir W. Scott.

LOVELORN Love"lorn`, a.

Defn: Forsaken by one's love. The lovelorn nightingale. Milton.

LOVELY Love"ly, a. [Compar. Lovelier; superl. Loveliest.] Etym: [AS. luflic.]

1. Having such an appearance as excites, or is fitted to excite, love; beautiful; charming; very pleasing in form, looks, tone, or manner. "Lovely to look on." Piers Plowman. Not one so fair of face, of speech so lovely. Robert of Brunne. If I had such a tire, this face of mine Were full as lovely as is this of hers. Shak.

2. Lovable; amiable; having qualities of any kind which excite, or are fitted to excite, love or friendship. A most lovely gentlemanlike man. Shak.

3. Loving; tender. [Obs.] "A lovely kiss." Shak. Many a lovely look on them he cast. Chaucer.

4. Very pleasing; -- applied loosely to almost anything which is not grand or merely pretty; as, a lovely view; a lovely valley; a lovely melody. Indeed these fields Are lovely, lovelier not the Elysian lawns. Tennyson.

Syn. -- Beautiful; charming; delightful; delectable; enchanting; lovable; amiable.

LOVELY Love"ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner to please, or to excite love. [Obs. or R.] Tyndale.

LOVE-MAKING Love"-mak`ing, n.

Defn: Courtship. Bacon.

LOVEMONGER Love"mon`ger, n.

Defn: One who deals in affairs of love.[Obs.] Shak.

LOVER Lov"er, n.

1. One who loves; one who is in love; -- usually limited, in the singular, to a person of the male sex. Gower. Love is blind, and lovers can not see The pretty follies that themselves commit. Shak.

2. A friend; one strongly attached to another; one who greatly desires the welfare of any person or thing; as, a lover of his country. I slew my best lover for the good of Rome. Shak.

3. One who has a strong liking for anything, as books, science, or music. "A lover of knowledge." T. Burnet.

LOVER; LOVERY Lo"ver, Lo"ver*y, n.

Defn: See Louver. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

LOVERWISE Lo"ver*wise`, adv.

Defn: As lovers do. As they sat down here loverwise. W. D. Howells.

LOVE-SICK Love"-sick`, a.

1. Languishing with love or amorous desire; as, a love-sick maid. To the dear mistress of my love-sick mind. Dryden.

2. Originating in, or expressive of, languishing love. Where nightingales their love-sick ditty sing. Dryden.

LOVE-SICKNESS Love"-sick`ness, n.

Defn: The state of being love-sick.

LOVESOME Love"some, a. Etym: [AS. lufsum.]

Defn: Lovely. [Obs.]

LOVING Lov"ing, a.

1. Affectionate. The fairest and most loving wife in Greece. Tennyson.

2. Expressing love or kindness; as, loving words.

LOVING CUP Lov"ing cup`.

Defn: A large ornamental drinking vessel having two or more handles, intended to pass from hand to hand, as at a banquet.

LOVING-KINDNESS Lov"ing-kind"ness, n.

Defn: Tender regard; mercy; favor. Ps. lxxxix. 33.

LOVINGLY Lov"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With love; affectionately.

LOVINGNESS Lov"ing*ness, n.

Defn: Affection; kind regard. The only two bands of good will, loveliness and lovingness. Sir. P. Sidney.

LOVYER Lov"yer, n.

Defn: A lover. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOW Low, obs

Defn: , strong imp. of Laugh. Chaucer.

LOW Low, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Lowing.] Etym: [OE. lowen, AS. hl; akin to D. loeijen, OHG. hl, hluojan.]

Defn: To make the calling sound of cows and other bovine animals; to moo. The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea. Gray.

LOW Low, n.

Defn: The calling sound ordinarily made by cows and other bovine animals. Talking voices and the law of herds. Wordsworth.

LOW Low, n. Etym: [AS. hlaw; akin to Goth. hlaiw a grave, hlains a hill, and to E. lean to incline.]

Defn: A hill; a mound; a grave. [Obs. except in place names.] Skeat.

LOW Low, n. Etym: [Icel. log, logi; akin to E. light, n.]

Defn: Fire; a flame; a light. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

LOW Low, v. i.

Defn: To burn; to blaze. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Burns.

LOW Low, a. [Compar. Lower; superl. Lowest.] Etym: [OE. low, louh, lah, Icel. lagr; akin to Sw. låg, Dan. lav, D. laag, and E. lie. See Lie to be prostrate.]

1. Occupying an inferior position or place; not high or elevated; depressed in comparison with something else; as, low ground; a low flight.

2. Not rising to the usual height; as, a man of low stature; a low fence.

3. Near the horizon; as, the sun is low at four o'clock in winter, and six in summer.

4. Sunk to the farthest ebb of the tide; as, low tide.

5. Beneath the usual or remunerative rate or amount, or the ordinary value; moderate; cheap; as, the low price of corn; low wages.

6. Not loud; as, a low voice; a low sound.

7. (Mus.)

Defn: Depressed in the scale of sounds; grave; as, a low pitch; a low note.

8. (Phon.)

Defn: Made, as a vowel, with a low position of part of the tongue in relation to the palate; as, . See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 5, 10, 11.

9. Near, or not very distant from, the equator; as, in the low northern latitudes.

10. Numerically small; as, a low number.

11. Wanting strength or animation; depressed; dejected; as, low spirits; low in spirits.

12. Depressed in condition; humble in rank; as, men of low condition; the lower classes. Why but to keep ye low and ignorant Milton.

13. Mean; vulgar; base; dishonorable; as, a person of low mind; a low trick or stratagem.

14. Not elevated or sublime; not exalted or diction; as, a low comparison. In comparison of these divine writers, the noblest wits of the heathen world are low and dull. Felton.

15. Submissive; humble. "Low reverence." Milton.

16. Deficient in vital energy; feeble; weak; as, a low pulse; made low by sickness.

17. Moderate; not intense; not inflammatory; as, low heat; a low temperature; a low fever.

18. Smaller than is reasonable or probable; as, a low estimate.

19. Not rich, high seasoned, or nourishing; plain; simple; as, a low diet.

Note: Low is often used in the formation of compounds which require no special explanation; as, low-arched, low- browed, low-crowned, low-heeled, low-lying, low-priced, low-roofed, low-toned, low-voiced, and the like. Low Church. See High Church, under High. -- Low Countries, the Netherlands. -- Low German, Low Latin, etc. See under German, Latin, etc. -- Low life, humble life. -- Low milling, a process of making flour from grain by a single grinding and by siftings. -- Low relief. See Bas-relief. -- Low side window (Arch.), a peculiar form of window common in mediæval churches, and of uncertain use. Windows of this sort are narrow, near the ground, and out of the line of the windows, and in many different situations in the building. -- Low spirits, despondency. -- Low steam, steam having a low pressure. -- Low steel, steel which contains only a small proportion of carbon, and can not be hardened greatly by sudden cooling. -- Low Sunday, the Sunday next after Easter; -- popularly so called. -- Low tide, the farthest ebb of the tide; the tide at its lowest point; low water. -- Low water. (a) The lowest point of the ebb tide; a low stage of the in a river, lake, etc. (b) (Steam Boiler) The condition of an insufficient quantity of water in the boiler. -- Low water alarm or indicator (Steam Boiler), a contrivance of various forms attached to a boiler for giving warning when the water is low. -- Low water mark, that part of the shore to which the waters recede when the tide is the lowest. Bouvier. -- Low wine, a liquor containing about 20 percent of alcohol, produced by the first distillation of wash; the first run of the still; -- often in the plural.

LOW Low, n. (Card Playing)

Defn: The lowest trump, usually the deuce; the lowest trump dealt or drawn.