Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (part 52 of 60)
Defn: from Strut, v. -- Strut"ting*ly, adv.
STRUVITE Struv"ite, n. Etym: [After the Russian minister Von Struve.] (Min.)
Defn: A crystalline mineral found in guano. It is a hydrous phosphate of magnesia and ammonia.
STRYCHNIA Strych"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Strychnine.] (Chem.)
Defn: Strychnine.
STRYCHNIC Strych"nic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to strychnine; produced by strychnine; as, strychnic compounds; strychnic poisoning; specifically (Chem.),
Defn: used to designate an acid, called also igasuric acid.
STRYCHNINE Strych"nine, n. Etym: [L. strychnos a kind of nightshade, Gr. strychnine.] (Chem.)
Defn: A very poisonous alkaloid resembling brucine, obtained from various species of plants, especially from species of Loganiaceæ, as from the seeds of the St. Ignatius bean (Strychnos Ignatia) and from nux vomica. It is obtained as a white crystalline substance, having a very bitter acrid taste, and is employed in medicine (chiefly in the form of the sulphate) as a powerful neurotic stimulant. Called also strychnia, and formerly strychnina.
STRYCHNOS Strych"nos, n. Etym: [L., a kind of nightshade, Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of tropical trees and shrubs of the order Loganiaceæ. See Nux vomica.
STRYPHNIC Stryph"nic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid, obtained by the action of acetic acid and potassium nitrite on uric acid, as a yellow crystalline substance, with a bitter, astringent taste.
STUB Stub, n. Etym: [OE. stubbe, AS. stub, styb; akin to D. stobbe, LG. stubbe, Dan. stub, Sw. stubbe, Icel. stubbr, stubbi; cf. Gr.
1. The stump of a tree; that part of a tree or plant which remains fixed in the earth when the stem is cut down; -- applied especially to the stump of a small tree, or shrub. Stubs sharp and hideous to behold. Chaucer. And prickly stubs instead of trees are found. Dryden.
2. A log; a block; a blockhead. [Obs.] Milton.
3. The short blunt part of anything after larger part has been broken off or used up; hence, anything short and thick; as, the stub of a pencil, candle, or cigar.
4. A part of a leaf in a check book, after a check is torn out, on which the number, amount, and destination of the check are usually recorded.
5. A pen with a short, blunt nib.
6. A stub nail; an old horseshoe nail; also, stub iron. Stub end (Mach.), the enlarged end of a connecting rod, to which the strap is fastened. -- Stub iron, iron made from stub nails, or old horseshoe nails, -- used in making gun barrels. -- Stub mortise (Carp.), a mortise passing only partly through the timber in which it is formed. -- Stub nail, an old horseshoe nail; a nail broken off; also, a short, thick nail. -- Stub short, or Stub shot (Lumber Manuf.), the part of the end of a sawn log or plank which is beyond the place where the saw kerf ends, and which retains the plank in connection with the log, until it is split off. -- Stub twist, material for a gun barrel, made of a spirally welded ribbon of steel and stub iron combined.
STUB Stub, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stubbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Stubbing.]
1. To grub up by the roots; to extirpate; as, to stub up edible roots. What stubbing, plowing, digging, and harrowing is to a piece of land. Berkley.
2. To remove stubs from; as, to stub land.
3. To strike as the toes, against a stub, stone, or other fixed object. [U. S.]
STUBBED Stub"bed, a.
1. Reduced to a stub; short and thick, like something truncated; blunt; obtuse.
2. Abounding in stubs; stubby. A bit of stubbed ground, once a wood. R. Browning.
3. Not nice or delicate; hardy; rugged. "Stubbed, vulgar constitutions." Berkley.
STUBBEDNESS Stub"bed*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being stubbed.
STUBBINESS Stub"bi*ness, n.
Defn: The state of being stubby.
STUBBLE Stub"ble, n. Etym: [OE. stobil, stoble, OF. estouble, estuble, F. étuele, LL. stupla, stupula, L. stipula stubble, stalk; cf. D. & G. stopped, OHG. stupfila. Cf. Stipule.]
Defn: The stumps of wheat, rye, barley, oats, or buckwheat, left in the ground; the part of the stalk left by the scythe or sickle. "After the first crop is off, they plow in the wheast stubble." Mortimer. Stubble goose (Zoöl.), the graylag goose. [Prov. Eng.] Chaucer. -- Stubble rake, a rake with long teeth for gleaning in stubble.
STUBBLED Stub"bled, a.
1. Covered with stubble. A crow was strutting o'er the stubbled plain. Gay.
2. Stubbed; as, stubbled legs. [Obs.] Skelton.
STUBBLY Stub"bly, a.
Defn: Covered with stubble; stubbled.
STUBBORN Stub"born, a. Etym: [OE. stoburn, stiborn; probably fr. AS. styb a stub. See Stub.]
Defn: Firm as a stub or stump; stiff; unbending; unyielding; persistent; hence, unreasonably obstinate in will or opinion; not yielding to reason or persuasion; refractory; harsh; -- said of persons and things; as, stubborn wills; stubborn ore; a stubborn oak; as stubborn as a mule. "Bow, stubborn knees." Shak. "Stubborn attention and more than common application." Locke. "Stubborn Stoics." Swift. And I was young and full of ragerie [wantonness] Stubborn and strong, and jolly as a pie. Chaucer. These heretics be so stiff and stubborn. Sir T. More. Your stubborn usage of the pope. Shak.
Syn. -- Obstinate; inflexible; obdurate; headstrong; stiff; hardy; firm; refractory; intractable; rugged; contumacious; heady. -- Stubborn, Obstinate. Obstinate is used of either active or passive persistence in one's views or conduct, in spite of the wishes of others. Stubborn describes an extreme degree of passive obstinacy. -- Stub"born*ly, adv. -- Stub"born*ness, n.
STUBBY Stub"by, a.
1. Abounding with stubs.
2. Short and thick; short and strong, as bristles.
STUCCO Stuc"co, n.; pl. Stuccoes, Stuccos. Etym: [It., fr. OHG. stucchi a crust, piece, G. stück piece; akin to AS. stycce. See Stock.]
1. Plaster of any kind used as a coating for walls, especially, a fine plaster, composed of lime or gypsum with sand and pounded marble, used for internal decorations and fine work.
2. Work made of stucco; stuccowork.
STUCCO Stuc"co, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stuccoed; p. pr. & vb. n. Stuccoing.]
Defn: To overlay or decorate with stucco, or fine plaster.
STUCCOER Stuc"co*er, n.
Defn: One who stuccoes.
STUCCOWORK Stuc"co*work`, n.
Defn: Work done in stucco.
STUCK Stuck,
Defn: imp. & p. p. of Stick.
STUCK Stuck, n. Etym: [Cf. 1st Stoccado.]
Defn: A thrust. [Obs.] Shak.
STUCKLE Stuc"kle, n. Etym: [From Stook.]
Defn: A number of sheaves set together in the field; a stook.
STUCK-UP Stuck"-up`, a.
Defn: Self-important and supercilious, [Colloq.] The airs of small, stuck-up, men. A. K. H. Boyd.
STUD Stud, n. Etym: [OE. stod, stood, AS. stod; akin to OHG. stuota, G. stute a mare, Icel. sto stud, Lith. stodas a herd, Russ. stado, and to E. stand. The sense is properly, a stand, an establishment. *163. See Stand, and cf. Steed.]
Defn: A collection of breeding horses and mares, or the place where they are kept; also, a number of horses kept for a racing, riding, etc. In the studs of Ireland, where care is taken, we see horses bred of excellent shape, vigor, and size. Sir W. Temple. He had the finest stud in England, and his delight was to win plates from Tories. Macaulay.
STUD Stud, n. Etym: [AS. studu a post; akin to Sw. stöd a prop, Icel. sto a post, sty to prop, and probably ultimately to E. stand; cf. D. stut a prop, G. stütze. See Stand.]
1. A stem; a trunk. [Obs.] Seest not this same hawthorn stud Spenser.
2. (Arch.)
Defn: An upright scanting, esp. one of the small uprights in the framing for lath and plaster partitions, and furring, and upon which the laths are nailed.
3. A kind of nail with a large head, used chiefly for ornament; an ornamental knob; a boss. A belt of straw and ivy buds, With coral clasps and amber studs. Marlowe. Crystal and myrrhine cups, embossed with gems And studs of pearl. Milton.
4. An ornamental button of various forms, worn in a shirt front, collar, wristband, or the like, not sewed in place, but inserted through a buttonhole or eyelet, and transferable.
5. (Mach.) (a) A short rod or pin, fixed in and projecting from something, and sometimes forming a journal. (b) A stud bolt.
6. An iron brace across the shorter diameter of the link of a chain cable. Stud bolt, a bolt with threads on both ends, to be screwed permanently into a fixed part at one end and receive a nut upon the other; -- called also standing bolt.
STUD Stud, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Studded; p. pr. & vb. n. Studding.]
1. To adorn with shining studs, or knobs. Thy horses shall be trapped, Their harness studded all with gold and pearl. Shak.
2. To set with detached ornaments or prominent objects; to set thickly, as with studs. The sloping sides and summits of our hills, and the extensive plains that stretch before our view, are studded with substantial, neat, and commodious dwellings of freemen. Bp. Hobart.
STUDBOOK Stud"book`, n.
Defn: A genealogical register of a particular breed or stud of horses, esp. thoroughbreds.
STUDDERY Stud"der*y, n.
Defn: A stud, or collection of breeding horses and mares; also, a place for keeping a stud. [Obs.] King Henry the Eighth erected a noble studdery. Holinshed.
STUDDING Stud"ding, n.
Defn: Material for studs, or joists; studs, or joists, collectively; studs.
STUDDING SAIL Stud"ding sail`. (Naut.)
Defn: A light sail set at the side of a principal or square sail of a vessel in free winds, to increase her speed. Its head is bent to a small spar which is called the studding-sail boom. See Illust. of Sail. Toten.
STUDENT Stu"dent, n. Etym: [L. studens, -entis, p.pr. of studere to study. See Study, n.]
1. A person engaged in study; one who is devoted to learning; a learner; a pupil; a scholar; especially, one who attends a school, or who seeks knowledge from professional teachers or from books; as, the students of an academy, a college, or a university; a medical student; a hard student. Keep a gamester from the dice, and a good student from his book. Shak.
2. One who studies or examines in any manner; an attentive and systematic observer; as, a student of human nature, or of physical nature.
STUDENTRY Stu"dent*ry, n.
Defn: A body of students. [R.]
STUDENTSHIP Stu"dent*ship, n.
Defn: The state of being a student.
STUDFISH Stud"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of several species of small American minnows of the genus Fundulus, as F. catenatus.
STUD-HORSE Stud"-horse`, n. Etym: [AS. stod-hors.]
Defn: A stallion, esp. one kept for breeding.
STUDIED Stud"ied, a.
1. Closely examined; read with diligence and attention; made the subject of study; well considered; as, a studied lesson.
2. Well versed in any branch of learning; qualified by study; learned; as, a man well studied in geometry. I shrewdly suspect that he is little studied of a theory of moral proportions. Burke.
3. Premeditated; planned; designed; as, a studied insult. "Studied magnificence." Hawthorne.
4. Intent; inclined. [Obs.] Shak.
STUDIEDLY Stud"ied*ly, adv.
Defn: In a studied manner.
STUDIER Stud"i*er, n.
Defn: A student. [R.] W. Irving. Lipsius was a great studier of the stoical philosophy. Tillotson.
STUDIO Stu"di*o, n.; pl. Studios. Etym: [It. studio, properly, study. See Study.]
Defn: The working room of an artist.
STUDIOUS Stu"di*ous, a. Etym: [L. studious: cf. F. studieux. See Study.]
1. Given to study; devoted to the acquisition of knowledge from books; as, a studious scholar.
2. Given to thought, or to the examination of subjects by contemplation; contemplative. Locke.
3. Earnest in endeavors; aiming sedulously; attentive; observant; diligent; -- usually followed by an infinitive or by of; as, be studious to please; studious to find new friends and allies. You that are so studious Of my affairs, wholly neglect your own. Massinger.
4. Planned with study; deliberate; studied. For the frigid villainy of studious lewdness, . . . with apology can be invented Rambler.
5. Favorable to study; suitable for thought and contemplation; as, the studious shade. [Poetic] But let my due feet never fail To walk the studious cloister's pale. Milton. -- Stu"di*ous*ly, adv. -- Stu"di*ous*ness, n.
STUDY Stud"y, n.; pl. Studies. Etym: [OE. studie, L. studium, akin to studere to study; possibly akin to Gr. estudie, estude, F. étude. Cf. Etude, Student, Studio, Study, v. i.]
1. A setting of the mind or thoughts upon a subject; hence, application of mind to books, arts, or science, or to any subject, for the purpose of acquiring knowledge. Hammond . . . spent thirteen hours of the day in study. Bp. Fell. Study gives strength to the mind; conversation, grace. Sir W. Temple.
2. Mental occupation; absorbed or thoughtful attention; meditation; contemplation. Just men they seemed, and all their study bent To worship God aright, and know his works. Milton.
3. Any particular branch of learning that is studied; any object of attentive consideration. The Holy Scriptures, especially the New Testament, are her daily study. Law. The proper study of mankind is man. Pope.
4. A building or apartment devoted to study or to literary work. "His cheery little study." Hawthorne.
5. (Fine Arts)
Defn: A representation or rendering of any object or scene intended, not for exhibition as an original work of art, but for the information, instruction, or assistance of the maker; as, a study of heads or of hands for a figure picture.
6. (Mus.)
Defn: A piece for special practice. See Etude.
STUDY Stud"y, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Studied; p. pr. & vb. n. Studying.] Etym: [OE. studien, OF. estudier, F. étudier. See Study, n.]
1. To fix the mind closely upon a subject; to dwell upon anything in thought; to muse; to ponder. Chaucer. I found a moral first, and then studied for a fable. Swift.
2. To apply the mind to books or learning. Shak.
3. To endeavor diligently; to be zealous. 1 Thes. iv. 11.
STUDY Stud"y, v. t.
1. To apply the mind to; to read and examine for the purpose of learning and understanding; as, to study law or theology; to study languages.
2. To consider attentively; to examine closely; as, to study the work of nature. Study thyself; what rank or what degree The wise Creator has ordained for thee. Dryden.
3. To form or arrange by previous thought; to con over, as in committing to memory; as, to study a speech.
4. To make an object of study; to aim at sedulously; to devote one's thoughts to; as, to study the welfare of others; to study variety in composition. For their heart studieth destruction. Prov. xxiv. 2.
STUFA Stu"fa, n. Etym: [It. stufa a stove. See Stove.]
Defn: A jet of steam issuing from a fissure in the earth.
STUFF Stuff, n. Etym: [OF. estoffe, F. étoffe; of uncertain origin, perhaps of Teutonic origin and akin to E. stop, v.t. Cf. Stuff, v. t.]
1. Material which is to be worked up in any process of manufacture. For the stuff they had was sufficient for all the work to make it, and too much. Ex. xxxvi. 7. Ambitions should be made of sterner stuff. Shak. The workman on his stuff his skill doth show, And yet the stuff gives not the man his skill. Sir J. Davies.
2. The fundamental material of which anything is made up; elemental part; essence. Yet do I hold it very stuff o' the conscience To do no contrived murder. Shak.
3. Woven material not made into garments; fabric of any kind; specifically, any one of various fabrics of wool or worsted; sometimes, worsted fiber. What stuff wilt have a kirtle of Shak. It [the arras] was of stuff and silk mixed, though, superior kinds were of silk exclusively. F. G. Lee.
4. Furniture; goods; domestic vessels or utensils. He took away locks, and gave away the king's stuff. Hayward.
5. A medicine or mixture; a potion. Shak.
6. Refuse or worthless matter; hence, also, foolish or irrational language; nonsense; trash. Anger would indite Such woeful stuff as I or Shadwell write. Dryden.
7. (Naut.)
Defn: A melted mass of turpentine, tallow, etc., with which the masts, sides, and bottom of a ship are smeared for lubrication. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
8. Paper stock ground ready for use.
Note: When partly ground, called half stuff. Knight. Clear stuff. See under Clear. -- Small stuff (Naut.), all kinds of small cordage. Ham. Nav. Encyc. -- Stuff gown, the distinctive garb of a junior barrister; hence, a junior barrister himself. See Silk gown, under Silk.stuff and nonsense. (See def. 6 for stuff) balderdash, twaddle, nonsense, foolishness.
STUFF Stuff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stuffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Stuffing.] Etym: [OE. stoffen; cf. OF. estoffer, F. étoffer, to put stuff in, to stuff, to line, also, OF. estouffer to stifle, F. étouffer; both perhaps of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. stop. Cf. Stop, v. t., Stuff, n.]
1. To fill by crowding something into; to cram with something; to load to excess; as, to stuff a bedtick. Sometimes this crook drew hazel bought adown, And stuffed her apron wide with nuts so brown. Gay. Lest the gods, for sin, Should with a swelling dropsy stuff thy skin. Dryden.
2. To thrust or crowd; to press; to pack. Put roses into a glass with a narrow mouth, stuffing them close together . . . and they retain smell and color. Bacon.
3. To fill by being pressed or packed into. With inward arms the dire machine they load, And iron bowels stuff the dark abode. Dryden.
4. (Cookery)
Defn: To fill with a seasoning composition of bread, meat, condiments, etc.; as, to stuff a turkey.
5. To obstruct, as any of the organs; to affect with some obstruction in the organs of sense or respiration. I'm stuffed, cousin; I can not smell. Shak.
6. To fill the skin of, for the purpose of preserving as a specimen; -- said of birds or other animals.
7. To form or fashion by packing with the necessary material. An Eastern king put a judge to death for an iniquitous sentence, and ordered his hide to be stuffed into a cushion, and placed upon the tribunal. Swift.
8. To crowd with facts; to cram the mind of; sometimes, to crowd or fill with false or idle tales or fancies.
9. To put fraudulent votes into (a ballot box). [U. S.]
STUFF Stuff, v. i.
Defn: To feed gluttonously; to cram. Taught harmless man to cram and stuff. Swift.
STUFFER Stuff"er, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, stuffs.
STUFFINESS Stuff"i*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being stuffy.
STUFFING Stuff"ing, n.
1. That which is used for filling anything; as, the stuffing of a saddle or cushion.
2. (Cookery)
Defn: Any seasoning preparation used to stuff meat; especially, a composition of bread, condiments, spices, etc.; forcemeat; dressing.
3. A mixture of oil and tallow used in softening and dressing leather. Stuffing box, a device for rendering a joint impervious where there is a hole through which a movable cylindrical body, as the paston rod of a steam engine, or the plunger of a pump, slides back and forth, or in which a shaft turns. It usually consists of a box or chamber, made by an enlargement of part of the hole, forming a space around the rod or shaft for containing packing which is compressed and made to fill the space closely by means of a sleeve, called the gland, which fits loosely around the rod, and is pressed upon the packing by bolts or other means.
STUFFY Stuff"y, a.
1. Stout; mettlesome; resolute. [Scot.] Jamieson.
2. Angry and obstinate; sulky. [U. S.]
3. Ill-ventilated; close.
STUKE Stuke, n.
Defn: Stucco. [Obs.]
STULL Stull, n. Etym: [CF. Stum.]
Defn: A framework of timber covered with boards to support rubbish; also, a framework of boards to protect miners from falling stones. [Prov. Eng.]
STULM Stulm, n. Etym: [Cf. G. stollen a post, a stulm, E. stall, stand.]
Defn: A shaft or gallery to drain a mine. [Local, Eng.] Bailey.
STULP Stulp, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. stolpi, Dan., Sw., & OD. stolpe.]
Defn: A short, stout post used for any purpose, a to mark a boundary. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
STULTIFICATION Stul`ti*fi*ca"tion, n.
Defn: The act of stultifying, or the state of being stultified.
STULTIFIER Stul"ti*fi`er, n.
Defn: One who stultifies.
STULTIFY Stul"ti*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stultified; p. pr. & vb. n. Stultifying.] Etym: [L. stultus foolish + -fy.]
1. To make foolish; to make a fool of; as, to stultify one by imposition; to stultify one's self by silly reasoning or conduct. Burke.
2. To regard as a fool, or as foolish. [R.] The modern sciolist stultifies all understanding but his own, and that which he conceives like his own. Hazlitt.
3. (Law)
Defn: To allege or prove to be of unsound mind, so that the performance of some act may be avoided.
STULTILOQUENCE Stul*til"o*quence, n. Etym: [L. stultiloquentia; stultus foolish + loquentia a talking, fr. loquens, p.pr. of loqui to talk.]
Defn: Silly talk; babbling.
STULTILOQUENT Stul*til"o*quent, a. Etym: [Cf. L. stultiloquus. See Stultiloquence.]
Defn: Given to, or characterized by, silly talk; babbling. -- Stul*til"o*quent*ly, adv.
STULTILOQUY Stul*til"o*quy, n. Etym: [L. stultiloquium.]
Defn: Foolish talk; silly discource; babbling. Jer. Taylor.
STULTY Stul"ty, a. Etym: [L. stultus foolish.]
Defn: Foolish; silly. [Obs.] Testament of Love.
STUM Stum, n. Etym: [D. stom must, new wort, properly, dumb; cf. F. vin muet stum. Cf. Stammer, Stoom.]
1. Unfermented grape juice or wine, often used to raise fermentation in dead or vapid wines; must. Let our wines, without mixture of stum, be all fine. B. Jonson. And with thy stum ferment their fainting cause. Dryden.
2. Wine revived by new fermentation, reulting from the admixture of must. Hudibras.
STUM Stum, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stummed; p. pr. & vb. n. Stumming.]
Defn: To renew, as wine, by mixing must with it and raising a new fermentation. We stum our wines to renew their spirits. Floyer.
STUMBLE Stum"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Stumbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Stumbling.] Etym: [OE. stumblen, stomblen; freq. of a word akin to E. stammer. See Stammer.]
1. To trip in walking or in moving in any way with the legs; to strike the foot so as to fall, or to endanger a fall; to stagger because of a false step. There stumble steeds strong and down go all. Chaucer. The way of the wicked is as darkness: they know at what they stumble. Prov. iv. 19.
2. To walk in an unsteady or clumsy manner. He stumbled up the dark avenue. Sir W. Scott.
3. To fall into a crime or an error; to err. He that loveth his brother abideth in the light, and there is none occasion og stumbling in him. 1 John ii. 10.
4. To strike or happen (upon a person or thing) without design; to fall or light by chance; -- with on, upon, or against. Ovid stumbled, by some inadvertency, upon Livia in a bath. Dryden. Forth as she waddled in the brake, A gray goose stumbled on a snake. C. Smart.
STUMBLE Stum"ble, v. t.
1. To cause to stumble or trip.
2. Fig.: To mislead; to confound; to perplex; to cause to err or to fall. False and dazzling fires to stumble men. Milton. One thing more stumbles me in the very foundation of this hypothesis. Locke.
STUMBLE Stum"ble, n.
1. A trip in walking or running.
2. A blunder; a failure; a fall from rectitude. One stumble is enough to deface the character of an honorable life. L'Estrange.
STUMBLER Stum"bler, n.
Defn: One who stumbles.
STUMBLING-BLOCK Stum"bling-block`, n.
Defn: Any cause of stumbling, perplexity, or error. We preach Christ crucified, unto the Jews a stumbling-block, and unto the Greeks foolishness. 1 Cor. i. 23.
STUMBLINGLY Stum"bling*ly, adv.
Defn: In a stumbling manner.
STUMBLING-STONE Stum"bling-stone`, n.
Defn: A stumbling-block. This stumbling-stone we hope to take away. T. Burnet.
STUMP Stump, n. Etym: [OE. stumpe, stompe; akin to D. stomp, G. stumpf, Icel. stumpr, Dan. & Sw. stump, and perhaps also to E. stamp.]
1. The part of a tree or plant remaining in the earth after the stem or trunk is cut off; the stub.
2. The part of a limb or other body remaining after a part is amputated or destroyed; a fixed or rooted remnant; a stub; as, the stump of a leg, a finger, a tooth, or a broom.
3. pl.
Defn: The legs; as, to stir one's stumps. [Slang]
4. (Cricket)
Defn: One of the three pointed rods stuck in the ground to form a wicket and support the bails.
5. A short, thick roll of leather or paper, cut to a point, or any similar implement, used to rub down the lines of a crayon or pencil drawing, in shading it, or for shading drawings by producing tints and gradations from crayon, etc., in powder.
6. A pin in a tumbler lock which forms an obstruction to throwing the bolt, except when the gates of the tumblers are properly arranged, as by the key; a fence; also, a pin or projection in a lock to form a guide for a movable piece. Leg stump (Cricket), the stump nearest to the batsman. -- Off stump (Cricket), the stump farthest from the batsman. -- Stump tracery (Arch.), a term used to describe late German Gothic tracery, in which the molded bar seems to pass through itself in its convolutions, and is then cut off short, so that a section of the molding is seen at the end of each similar stump. -- To go on the stump, or To take the stump, to engage in making public addresses for electioneering purposes; -- a phrase derived from the practice of using a stump for a speaker's platform in newly- settled districts. Hence also the phrases stump orator, stump speaker, stump speech, stump oratory, etc. [Colloq. U.S.]
STUMP Stump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stumped; p. pr. & vb. n. Stumping.]
1. To cut off a part of; to reduce to a stump; to lop. Around the stumped top soft moss did grow. Dr. H. More.
2. To strike, as the toes, against a stone or something fixed; to stub. [Colloq.]
3. To challenge; also, to nonplus. [Colloq.]
4. To travel over, delivering speeches for electioneering purposes; as, to stump a State, or a district. See To go on the stump, under Stump, n. [Colloq. U.S.]
5. (Cricket) (a) To put (a batsman) out of play by knocking off the bail, or knocking down the stumps of the wicket he is defending while he is off his allotted ground; -- sometimes with out. T. Hughes. (b) To bowl down the stumps of, as, of a wicket. A herd of boys with clamor bowled, And stumped the wicket. Tennyson. To stump it. (a) To go afoot; hence, to run away; to escape. [Slang] Ld. Lytton. (b) To make electioneering speeches. [Colloq. U.S.]
STUMP Stump, v. i.
Defn: To walk clumsily, as if on stumps. To stump up, to pay cash. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
STUMPAGE Stump"age, n.
1. Timber in standing trees, -- often sold without the land at a fixed price per tree or per stump, the stumps being counted when the land is cleared. [Local, U.S.] Only trees above a certain size are allowed to be cut by loggers buying stumpage from the owners of land. C. S. Sargent.
2. A tax on the amount of timber cut, regulated by the price of lumber. [Local, U.S.] The Nation.
STUMPER Stump"er, n.
1. One who stumps.
2. A boastful person. [Slang]
3. A puzzling or incredible story. [Slang, U.S.]
STUMPINESS Stump"i*ness, n.
Defn: The state of being stumpy.
STUMP-TAILED Stump"-tailed`, a.
Defn: Having a short, thick tail. Stump-tailed lizard (Zoöl.), a singular Australian scincoid lizard (Trachydosaurus rugosus) having a short, thick tail resembling its head in form; -- called also sleeping lizard.
STUMPY Stump"y, a.
1. Full of stumps; hard; strong.
2. Short and thick; stubby. [Colloq.] "A stumpy little man." J. C. Harris.
STUN Stun, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stunned; p. pr. & vb. n. Stunning.] Etym: [OE. stonien, stownien; either fr. AS. stunian to resound (cf. D. stenen to groan, G. stöhnen, Icel. stynja, Gr. stan to thunder, and E. thunder), or from the same source as E. astonish. *168.]
1. To make senseless or dizzy by violence; to render senseless by a blow, as on the head. One hung a poleax at his saddlebow, And one a heavy mace to stun the foe. Dryden.
2. To dull or deaden the sensibility of; to overcome; especially, to overpower one's sense of hearing. And stunned him with the music of the spheres. Pope.
3. To astonish; to overpower; to bewilder. William was quite stunned at my discourse. De Foe.
STUN Stun, n.
Defn: The condition of being stunned.
STUNDIST Stun"dist, n. [Russ. shtundist, prob. fr. G. stunde hour; -- from their meetings for Bible reading.] (Eccl. Hist.)
Defn: One of a large sect of Russian dissenters founded, about 1860, in the village of Osnova, near Odessa, by a peasant, Onishchenko, who had apparently been influenced by a German sect settled near there. They zealously practice Bible reading and reject priestly dominion and all external rites of worship. -- Stun"dism (#), n.
STUNG Stung,
Defn: imp. & p. p. of Sting.
STUNK Stunk,
Defn: imp. & p. p. of Stink.
STUNNER Stun"ner, n.
1. One who, or that which, stuns.
2. Something striking or amazing in quality; something of extraordinary excellence. [Slang] Thackeray.
STUNNING Stun"ning, a.
1. Overpowering consciousness; overpowering the senses; especially, overpowering the sense of hearing; confounding with noise.
2. Striking or overpowering with astonishment, especially on account of excellence; as, stunning poetry. [Slang] C. Kingsley. -- Stun"ning*ly, adv. [Slang]
STUNSAIL Stun"sail, n. (Naut.)
Defn: A contraction of Studding sail. With every rag set, stunsails, sky scrapers and all. Lowell.
STUNT Stunt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Stunting.] Etym: [See Stint.]
Defn: To hinder from growing to the natural size; to prevent the growth of; to stint, to dwarf; as, to stunt a child; to stunt a plant. When, by a cold penury, I blast the abilities of a nation, and stunt the growth of its active energies, the ill or may do is beyond all calculation. Burke.
STUNT Stunt, n.
1. A check in growth; also, that which has been checked in growth; a stunted animal or thing.
2. Specifically: A whale two years old, which, having been weaned, is lean, and yields but little blubber.
STUNTED Stunt"ed, a.
Defn: Dwarfed. -- Stunt"ed*ness, n.
STUNTNESS Stunt"ness, n.
Defn: Stuntedness; brevity. [R.] Earle.
STUPA Stu"pa (stoo"pa), n. Etym: [Skr. stupa.]
Defn: A mound or monument commemorative of Buddha.
STUPA Stu"pa (stu"pa), n. Etym: [L.] (Med.)
Defn: See 1st Stupe.
STUPE Stupe, n. Etym: [L. stupa, or better stuppa, tow. Cf. Stop, v. t.] (Med.)
Defn: Cloth or flax dipped in warm water or medicaments and applied to a hurt or sore.
STUPE Stupe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stuped; p. pr. & vb. n. Stuping.]
Defn: To foment with a stupe. Wiseman.
STUPE Stupe, n. Etym: [See Stupid.]
Defn: A stupid person. [Obs.]
STUPEFACIENT Stu`pe*fa"cient, a. Etym: [L. stupefaciens, p.pr. of stupefacere to stupefy; stupere to be stupefied + facere to make. Cf. Stupefy.] [Written also stupifacient.]
Defn: Producing stupefaction; stupefactive. -- n. (Med.)
Defn: Anything promoting stupefaction; a narcotic.
STUPEFACTION Stu`pe*fac"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. stupéfaction. See Stupefacient.]
Defn: The act of stupefying, or the state of being stupefied. [Written also stupifaction.] Resistance of the dictates of conscience brings a hardness and stupefaction upon it. South.
STUPEFACTIVE Stu`pe*fac"tive, a. & n. Etym: [Cf. F. stupéfactif, LL. stupefactivus.]
Defn: Same as Stupefacient. [Written also stupifactive.]
STUPEFIED Stu"pe*fied, a.
Defn: Having been made stupid.
STUPEFIEDNESS Stu"pe*fied`ness, n.
Defn: Quality of being stupid.
STUPEFIER Stu"pe*fi`er, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, stupefies; a stupefying agent.
STUPEFY Stu"pe*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stupefied; p. pr. & vb. n. Stupefying.] Etym: [F. stupéfier, fr. L. stupere to be stupefied + ficare (in comp.) to make, akin to facere. See Stupid, Fact, and cf. Stupefacient.] [Written also stupify, especially in England.]
1. To make stupid; to make dull; to blunt the faculty of perception or understanding in; to deprive of sensibility; to make torpid. The fumes of drink discompose and stupefy the brain. South.
2. To deprive of material mobility. [Obs.] It is not malleable; but yet is not fluent, but stupefied. Bacon.
STUPENDOUS Stu*pen"dous, a. Etym: [L. stupendus astonishing, p. future pass. of stupere to be astonished at. Cf. Stupid.]
Defn: Astonishing; wonderful; amazing; especially, astonishing in magnitude or elevation; as, a stupendous pile. "A stupendous sum." Macaulay. All are but parts of one stupendous whole. Pope. -- Stu*pen"dous*ly, adv. -- Stu*pen"dous*ness, n.
STUPEOUS Stu"pe*ous, a. Etym: [L. stupa, or better stuppa, tow; cf. L. stuppeus made of tow. Cf. Stupose.]
Defn: Resembling tow; having long, loose scales, or matted filaments, like tow; stupose.
STUPID Stu"pid, a. Etym: [L. stupidus, fr. stupere to be stupefied: cf. F. stupide.]
1. Very dull; insensible; senseless; wanting in understanding; heavy; sluggish; in a state of stupor; -- said of persons. O that men . . . should be so stupid grown . . . As to forsake the living God! Milton. With wild surprise, A moment stupid, motionless he stood. Thomson.
2. Resulting from, or evincing, stupidity; formed without skill or genius; dull; heavy; -- said of things. Observe what loads of stupid rhymes Oppress us in corrupted times. Swift.
Syn. -- Simple; insensible; sluggish; senseless; doltish; sottish; dull; heavy; clodpated. -- Stu"pid*ly, adv. -- Stu"pid*ness, n.
STUPIDITY Stu*pid"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. stupiditas: cf. F. stupidité.]
1. The quality or state of being stupid; extreme dullness of perception or understanding; insensibility; sluggishness.
2. Stupor; astonishment; stupefaction. [R.] A stupidity Past admiration strikes me, joined with fear. Chapman.
STUPIFY Stu"pi*fy, v. t.
Defn: See Stupefy.
STUPOR Stu"por, n. Etym: [L., from stupere to be struck senseless.]
1. Great diminution or suspension of sensibility; suppression of sense or feeling; lethargy.
2. Intellectual insensibility; moral stupidity; heedlessness or inattention to one's interests.
STUPOSE Stu*pose, a. Etym: [L. stupa, or better stuppa, tow. Cf. Stupeous.] (Bot.)
Defn: Composed of, or having, tufted or matted filaments like tow; stupeous.
STUPRATE Stu"prate, v. t. Etym: [L. stupratus, p.p. of stuprare to ravish, fr. stuprum defilement.]
Defn: To ravish; to debauch. [R.] Heywood.
STUPRATION Stu*pra"tion, n.
Defn: Violation of chastity by force; rape. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
STUPRUM Stu"prum, n. Etym: [L.]
Defn: Stupration.
STURB Sturb, v. t.
Defn: To disturb. [Obs.] Chaucer.
STURDILY Stur"di*ly, adv.
Defn: In a sturdy manner.
STURDINESS Stur"di*ness, n.
Defn: Quality of being sturdy.
STURDY Stur"dy, a. [Compar. Sturdier; superl. Sturdiest.] Etym: [OE. sturdi inconsiderable, OF. estourdi stunned, giddy, thoughtless, rash, F. étourdi, p.p. of OF. estourdir to stun, to render giddy, to amaze, F. étourdir; of uncertain origin. The sense has probably been influenced by E. stout.]
1. Foolishly obstinate or resolute; stubborn; unrelenting; unfeeling; stern. This sturdy marquis gan his hearte dress To rue upon her wifely steadfastness. Chaucer. This must be done, and I would fain see Mortal so sturdy as to gainsay. Hudibras. A sturdy, hardened sinner shall advance to the utmost pitch of impiety with less reluctance than he took the first steps. Atterbury.
2. Resolute, in a good sense; or firm, unyielding quality; as, a man of sturdy piety or patriotism.
3. Characterized by physical strength or force; strong; lusty; violent; as, a sturdy lout. How bowed the woods beneath their sturdy stroke! Gray.
4. Stiff; stout; strong; as, a sturdy oak. Milton. He was not of any delicate contexture; his limbs rather sturdy than dainty. Sir H. Wotton.
Syn. -- Hardy; stout; strong; firm; robust; stiff.
STURDY Stur"dy, n. Etym: [OF. estourdi giddiness, stupefaction.] (Vet.)
Defn: A disease in sheep and cattle, marked by great nervousness, or by dullness and stupor.
STURGEON Stur"geon, n. Etym: [F. esturgeon, LL. sturio, sturgio, OHG. sturjo, G. stör; akin to AS. styria, styriga.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of large cartilaginous ganoid fishes belonging to Acipenser and allied genera of the family Acipenseridæ. They run up rivers to spawn, and are common on the coasts and in the large rivers and lakes of North America, Europe, and Asia. Caviare is prepared from the roe, and isinglass from the air bladder.
Note: The common North American species are Acipenser sturio of the Atlantic coast region, A. transmontanus of the Pacific coast, and A. rubicundus of the Mississippi River and its tributaries. In Europe, the common species is Acipenser sturio, and other well-known species are the sterlet and the huso. The sturgeons are included in the order Chondrostei. Their body is partially covered by five rows of large, carinated, bony plates, of which one row runs along the back. The tail is heterocercal. The toothless and protrusile mouth is beneath the head, and has four barbels in front. Shovel-nosed sturgeon. (Zoöl.) See Shovelnose (d).
STURIONES Stu`ri*o"nes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from LL. sturio. See Sturgeon.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: An order of fishes including the sturgeons.
STURIONIAN Stu`ri*o"ni*an, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the family of fishes of which the sturgeon is the type.
STURK Sturk, n.
Defn: See Stirk. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
STURNOID Stur"noid, a. Etym: [L. sturnus a starling + -oid.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Like or pertaining to the starlings.
STURT Sturt, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Start, v. i.]
Defn: To vex; to annoy; to startle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
STURT Sturt, n.
1. Disturbance; annoyance; care. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] "Sturt and care." J. Rolland.
2. (Mining)
Defn: A bargain in tribute mining by which the tributor profits. Raymond.
STURTION Stur"tion, n.
Defn: A corruption of Nasturtion.
STUT Stut, v. i.
Defn: To stutter. [Obs.] Skelton.
STUTTER Stut"ter, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Stuttered; p. pr. & vb. n. Stuttering.] Etym: [Freq. of stut, OE. stoten; probably of Dutch or Low German origin; cf. D. & LG. stotteren, G. stottern, D. stooten to push, to strike; akin to G. stossen, Icel. stauta, Sw. stöta, Dan. stöde, Goth. stautan, L. tundere, Skr. tud to thrust. Cf. Contuse, Obtuse.]
Defn: To hesitate or stumble in uttering words; to speak with spasmodic repetition or pauses; to stammer. Trembling, stuttering, calling for his confessor. Macaulay.
STUTTER Stut"ter, n.
1. The act of stuttering; a stammer. See Stammer, and Stuttering.
2. One who stutters; a stammerer. [Obs.] Bacon.
STUTTERER Stut"ter*er, n.
Defn: One who stutters; a stammerer.
STUTTERING Stut"ter*ing, n.
Defn: The act of one who stutters; -- restricted by some physiologists to defective speech due to inability to form the proper sounds, the breathing being normal, as distinguished from stammering.
STUTTERING Stut"ter*ing, a.
Defn: Apt to stutter; hesitating; stammering. -- Stut"ter*ing*ly, adv.
STY Sty, n.; pl. Sties (. [Written also stigh.] Etym: [AS. stigu, fr. stigan to rise; originally, probably, a place into which animals climbed or went up. *164. See Sty, v. i., and cf. Steward.]
1. A pen or inclosure for swine.
2. A place of bestial debauchery. To roll with pleasure in a sensual sty. Milton.
STY Sty, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stied; p. pr. & vb. n. Stying.]
Defn: To shut up in, or as in, a sty. Shak.
STY Sty, v. i. Etym: [OE. stien, sti, AS. stigan to rise; akin to D. stijgen, OS. & OHG. stigan, G. steigen, Icel. stiga, Sw. stiga, Dan. stige, Goth. steigan, L. vestigium footstep, Gr. stigh to mount. Cf. Distich, Stair steps, Stirrup, Sty a boil, a pen for swine, Vestige.]
Defn: To soar; to ascend; to mount. See Stirrup. [Obs.] With bolder wing shall dare aloft to sty, To the last praises of this Faery Queene. Spenser.
STY Sty, n. Etym: [For older styan, styanye, understood as sty on eye, AS. stigend (sc. eáge eye), properly, rising, or swelling (eye), p.p. of stigan to rise. See Sty, v. i.] (Med.)
Defn: An inflamed swelling or boil on the edge of the eyelid. [Written also stye.]
STYAN Sty"an, n.
Defn: See Sty, a boil. [R.] De quincey.
STYCA Sty"ca, n. Etym: [LL., fr. AS. stic, styc, stycge.]
Defn: An anglo-Saxon copper coin of the lowest value, being worth half a farthing. S. M. Leake.
STYCERIN Sty"cer*in, n. Etym: [Styryl + glycerin.] (Chem.)
Defn: A triacid alcohol, related to glycerin, and obtained from certain styryl derivatives as a yellow, gummy, amorphous substance; - - called also phenyl glycerin.
STYE Stye, n.
Defn: See Sty, a boil.
STYGIAL Styg"i*al, a.
Defn: Stygian. [R.] Skelton.
STYGIAN Styg"i*an, a. Etym: [L. Stygius, fr. Styx, Stygis, Gr.
Defn: Of or pertaining to the river Styx; hence, hellish; infernal. See Styx. At that so sudden blaze, the Stygian throng Bent their aspect. Milton.
STYLAGALMAIC Sty`la*gal*ma"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Arch.)
Defn: Performing the office of columns; as, Atlantes and Caryatides are stylagalmaic figures or images. [Written also stylogalmaic.]
STYLAR Sty"lar, a.
Defn: See Stilar.
STYLASTER Sty*las"ter, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of delicate, usually pink, calcareous hydroid corals of the genus Stylaster.
STYLE Style, n. Etym: [OE. stile, F. style, Of. also stile, L. stilus a style or writing instrument, manner or writing, mode of expression; probably for stiglus, meaning, a pricking instrument, and akin to E. stick. See Stick, v. t., and cf. Stiletto. The spelling with y is due to a supposed connection with Gr.
1. An instrument used by the ancients in writing on tablets covered with wax, having one of its ends sharp, and the other blunt, and somewhat expanded, for the purpose of making erasures by smoothing the wax.
2. Hence, anything resembling the ancient style in shape or use. Specifically: -- (a) A pen; an author's pen. Dryden. (b) A sharp-pointed tool used in engraving; a graver. (c) A kind of blunt-pointed surgical instrument. (d) (Zoöl.) A long, slender, bristlelike process, as the anal styles of insects. (e) Etym: [Perhaps fr. Gr.
Defn: The pin, or gnomon, of a dial, the shadow of which indicates the hour. See Gnomon. (f) Etym: [Probably fr. Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: The elongated part of a pistil between the ovary and the stigma. See Illust. of Stamen, and of Pistil.
3. Mode of expressing thought in language, whether oral or written; especially, such use of language in the expression of thought as exhibits the spirit and faculty of an artist; choice or arrangement of words in discourse; rhetorical expression. High style, as when that men to kinges write. Chaucer. Style is the dress of thoughts. Chesterfield. Proper words in proper places make the true definition of style. Swift. It is style alone by which posterity will judge of a great work. I. Disraeli.
4. Mode of presentation, especially in music or any of the fine arts; a characteristic of peculiar mode of developing in idea or accomplishing a result. The ornamental style also possesses its own peculiar merit. Sir J. Reynolds.
5. Conformity to a recognized standard; manner which is deemed elegant and appropriate, especially in social demeanor; fashion. According to the usual style of dedications. C. Middleton.
6. Mode or phrase by which anything is formally designated; the title; the official designation of any important body; mode of address; as, the style of Majesty. One style to a gracious benefactor, another to a proud, insulting foe. Burke.
7. (Chron.)
Defn: A mode of reckoning time, with regard to the Julian and Gregorian calendars.
Note: Style is Old or New. The Old Style follows the Julian manner of computing the months and days, or the calendar as established by Julius Cæsar, in which every fourth year consists of 366 days, and the other years of 365 days. This is about 11 minutes in a year too much. Pope Georgy XIII. reformed the calendar by retrenching 10 days in October, 1582, in order to bring back the vernal equinox to the same day as at the time of the Council of Nice, A.D. 325. This reformation was adopted by act of the British Parliament in 1751, by which act 11 days in September, 1752, were retrenched, and the third day was reckoned the fourteenth. This mode of reckoning is called New Style, according to which every year divisible by 4, unless it is divisible by 100 without being divisible by 400, has 366 days, and any other year 365 days. Style of court, the practice or manner observed by a court in its proceedings. Ayliffe.
Syn. -- Diction; phraseology; manner; course; title. See Diction.
STYLE Style, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Styled; p. pr. & vb. n. Styling.]
Defn: To entitle; to term, name, or call; to denominate. "Styled great conquerors." Milton. How well his worth and brave adventures styled. Dryden.
Syn. -- To call; name; denominate; designate; term; characterize.
STYLET Sty"let, n. Etym: [F., dim. of style; cf. It. stiletto. See Stiletto.]
Defn: A small poniard; a stiletto.
2. (Surg.) (a) An instrument for examining wounds and fistulas, and for passing setons, and the like; a probe, -- called also specillum. (b) A stiff wire, inserted in catheters or other tubular instruments to maintain their shape and prevent clogging.
3. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any small, more or less rigid, bristlelike organ; as, the caudal stylets of certain insects; the ventral stylets of certain Infusoria.
STYLIFEROUS Sty*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Style + -ferous.] (Bot.)
Defn: Bearing one or more styles.
STYLIFORM Sty"li*form, a. Etym: [Style + -form: cf. F. styliforme.]
Defn: Having the form of, or resembling, a style, pin, or pen; styloid.
STYLISH Styl"ish, a.
Defn: Having style or artistic quality; given to, or fond of, the display of style; highly fashionable; modish; as, a stylish dress, house, manner. -- Styl"ish*ly, adv. -- Styl"ish*ness, n.
STYLIST Styl"ist, n.
Defn: One who is a master or a model of style, especially in writing or speaking; a critic of style. Distinguished as a stylist, for ease. Fitzed. Hall.
STYLISTIC Sty*lis"tic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to style in language. [R.] "Stylistic trifles." J. A. Symonds. The great stylistic differences in the works ascribed to him [Wyclif]. G. P. Marsh.
STYLITE Sty"lite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Eccl. Hist.)
Defn: One of a sect of anchorites in the early church, who lived on the tops of pillars for the exercise of their patience; -- called also pillarist and pillar saint.
STYLO- Sty"lo-.
Defn: A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, the styloid process of the temporal bone; as, stylohyal, stylomastoid, stylomaxillary.
STYLOBATE Sty"lo*bate, n. Etym: [L. stylobates, stylobata, Gr. (Arch.)
Defn: The uninterrupted and continuous flat band, coping, or pavement upon which the bases of a row of columns are supported. See Sub-base.
STYLOGLOSSAL Sty`lo*glos"sal, a. Etym: [Stylo- + glossal.] (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to styloid process and the tongue.
STYLOGRAPH Sty"lo*graph, n.
Defn: A stylographic pen.
STYLOGRAPHIC Sty`lo*graph"ic, a.
1. Of or pertaining to stylography; used in stylography; as, stylographic tablets.
2. Pertaining to, or used in, stylographic pen; as, stylographic ink. Stylographic pen, a pen with a conical point like that of a style, combined with a reservoir for supplying it with ink. -- Stylographic pencil, a pencil used in stylography.
STYLOGRAPHICAL Sty`lo*graph"ic*al, a.
Defn: Same as Stylographic, 1. -- Sty`lo*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.
STYLOGRAPHY Sty*log"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Style + -graphy.]
Defn: A mode of writing or tracing lines by means of a style on cards or tablets.
STYLOHYAL Sty`lo*hy"al, n. Etym: [Stylo- + the Gr. letter (Anat.)
Defn: A segment in the hyoidean arch between the epihyal and tympanohyal.
STYLOHYOID Sty`lo*hy"oid, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the styloid process and the hyoid bone.
STYLOID Sty"loid, a. Etym: [Style + -oid: cf. F. styloïde, Gr.
1. Styliform; as, the styloid process.
2. (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the styloid process. Styloid process (Anat.), a long and slender process from the lower side of the temporal bone of man, corresponding to the tympanohyal and stylohyal of other animals.
STYLOMASTOID Sty`lo*mas"toid, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the styloid and mastoid processes of the temporal bone.
STYLOMAXILLARY Sty`lo*max"il*la*ry, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the styloid process and the maxilla.
STYLOMETER Sty*lom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]
Defn: An instrument for measuring columns.
STYLOMMATA Sty*lom"ma*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
Defn: Same as Stylommatophora.
STYLOMMATOPHORA Sty*lom`ma*toph"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A division of Pulmonata in which the eyes are situated at the tips of the tentacles. It includes the common land snails and slugs. See Illust. under Snail.
STYLOMMATOPHOROUS Sty*lom`ma*toph"o*rous, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to Stylommatophora.
STYLOPODIUM Sty`lo*po"di*um, n.; pl. Stylopodia. Etym: [NL. See Style, and Podium.] (Bot.)
Defn: An expansion at the base of the style, as in umbelliferous plants.
STYLOPS Sty"lops, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of minute insects parasitic, in their larval state, on bees and wasps. It is the typical genus of the group Strepsiptera, formerly considered a distinct order, but now generally referred to the Coleoptera. See Strepsiptera.
STYLUS Sty"lus, n. Etym: [L. stylus, or better stilus.]
Defn: An instrument for writing. See Style, n., 1. That needle-shaped part at the tip of the playing arm of phonograph which sits in the groove of a phonograph record while it is turning, to detect the undulations in the phonograph groove and convert them into vibrations which are transmitted to a system (since 1920 electronic) which converts the signal into sound; also called needle. The stylus is frequently composed of metal or diamond. 3. The needle-like device used to cut the grooves which record the sound on the original disc during recording of a phonograph record. 4. (Computers)
Defn: A pen-shaped pointing device used to specify the cursor position on a graphics tablet.
STYMIE; STIMY Sty"mie, n. Also Sti"my. [Orig. uncertain.] (Golf)
Defn: The position of two balls on the putting green such that, being more than six inches apart, one ball lies directly between the other and the hole at which the latter must be played; also, the act of bringing the balls into this position.
STYMIE; STIMY Sty"mie, v. t. Also Sti"my. (Golf)
Defn: To bring into the position of, or impede by, a stymie.
STYPHNATE Styph"nate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of styphnic acid.
STYPHNIC Styph"nic, a. Etym: [Gr. (spurious) sty`fein to contract.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a yellow crystalline astringent acid, (NO2)3.C6H.(OH)2, obtained by the action of nitric acid on resorcin. Styphnic acid resembles picric acid, but is not bitter. It acts like a strong dibasic acid, having a series of well defined salts.
STYPTIC Styp"tic, a. Etym: [L. stypticus, Gr.
Defn: Producing contraction; stopping bleeding; having the quality of restraining hemorrhage when applied to the bleeding part; astringent. [Written also stiptic.] Styptic weed (Bot.), an American leguminous herb (Cassia occidentalis) closely related to the wild senna.
STYPTIC Styp"tic, n. (Med.)
Defn: A styptic medicine.
STYPTICAL Styp"tic*al, a.
Defn: Styptic; astringent.
STYPTICITY Styp*tic"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. stypticité.]
Defn: The quality or state of being styptic; astringency.
STYRACIN Styr"a*cin, n. Etym: [See Styrax.] (Chem.)
Defn: A white crystalline tasteless substance extracted from gum storax, and consisting of a salt of cinnamic acid with cinnamic alcohol.
STYRAX Sty"rax, n. Etym: [L. styrax, storax, Gr. Storax.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of shrubs and trees, mostly American or Asiatic, abounding in resinous and aromatic substances. Styrax officinalis yields storax, and S. Benzoin yields benzoin.
2. Same as Storax.
STYROL Sty"rol, n. Etym: [Styrax + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)
Defn: See Styrolene.
STYROLENE Sty"ro*lene, n. (Chem.)
Defn: An unsaturated hydrocarbon, C8H8, obtained by the distillation of storax, by the decomposition of cinnamic acid, and by the condensation of acetylene, as a fragrant, aromatic, mobile liquid; -- called also phenyl ethylene, vinyl benzene, styrol, styrene, and cinnamene.
STYRONE Sty"rone, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A white crystalline substance having a sweet taste and a hyacinthlike odor, obtained by the decomposition of styracin; -- properly called cinnamic, or styryl, alcohol.
STYRYL Sty"ryl, n. Etym: [Styrax + -yl.] (Chem.)
Defn: A hypothetical radical found in certain derivatives of styrolene and cinnamic acid; -- called also cinnyl, or cinnamyl.
STYTHE Stythe, n. (Mining)
Defn: Choke damp.
STYTHY Styth"y, n. & v.
Defn: See Stithy.
STYX Styx, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.)
Defn: The principal river of the lower world, which had to be crossed in passing to the regions of the dead.
SUABILITY Su`a*bil"i*ty, n. (Law)
Defn: Liability to be sued; the state of being subjected by law to civil process.
SUABLE Su"a*ble, a. (Law)
Defn: Capable of being sued; subject by law to be called to answer in court. Story.
SUADE Suade, v. t. Etym: [L. suadere.]
Defn: To persuade. [Obs.]
SUADIBLE Suad"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. suadibilis.]
Defn: Suasible. [Obs.] Wyclif (James iii. 17).
SUAGE Suage, v. t.
Defn: To assuage. [Obs.] Dryden.
SUANT Su"ant, a. Etym: [Cf. Sue to pursue.]
Defn: Spread equally over the surface; uniform; even. [Written also suent.] [Local, U.S. & Prov. Eng.] -- Su"ant*ly, adv. [Local, U.S. & Prov. Eng.]
SUASIBLE Sua"si*ble, a. Etym: [L. suadere, suasum, to persuade.]
Defn: Capable of being persuaded; easily persuaded.
SUASION Sua"sion, n. Etym: [L. suasio, fr. suadere, suasum, to advise, persuade, fr. suadus persuading, persuasive; akin to suavis sweet: cf. OF. suasion. See Suave, and cf. Dissuade, Persuade.]
Defn: The act of persuading; persuasion; as, moral suasion.
SUASIVE Sua"sive, a.
Defn: Having power to persuade; persuasive; suasory. South. "Genial and suasive satire." Earle. -- Sua"sive*ly, adv.
SUASORY Sua"so*ry, a. Etym: [L. suasorius: cf. F. suasoire.]
Defn: Tending to persuade; suasive.
SUAVE Suave, a. Etym: [L. suavis sweet, pleasant: cf. F. suave. See Sweet, and cf. Suasion.]
Defn: Sweet; pleasant; delightful; gracious or agreeable in manner; bland. -- Suave"ly, adv.
SUAVIFY Suav"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suavified; p. pr. & vb. n. Suavifying.] Etym: [Suave + -fy.]
Defn: To make affable or suave.
SUAVILOQUENT Sua*vil"o*quent, a. Etym: [L. suaviloquens; suavis sweet + loquens, p.pr. of loqui to speak.]
Defn: Sweetly speaking; using agreeable speech. [R.]
SUAVILOQUY Sua*vil"o*quy, n. Etym: [L. suaviloquium.]
Defn: Sweetness of speech. [R.]
SUAVITY Suav"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. suavitas: cf. F. suavité.]
1. Sweetness to the taste. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
2. The quality of being sweet or pleasing to the mind; agreeableness; softness; pleasantness; gentleness; urbanity; as, suavity of manners; suavity of language, conversation, or address. Glanvill.
SUB- Sub-. Etym: [L. sub under, below; akin to Gr. upa to, on, under, over. Cf. Hypo-, Super-.]
1. A prefix signifying under, below, beneath, and hence often, in an inferior position or degree, in an imperfect or partial state, as in subscribe, substruct, subserve, subject, subordinate, subacid, subastringent, subgranular, suborn. Sub- in Latin compounds often becomes sum- before m, sur before r, and regularly becomes suc-, suf- , sug-, and sup- before c, f, g, and p respectively. Before c, p, and t it sometimes takes form sus- (by the dropping of b from a collateral form, subs-).
2. (Chem.)
Defn: A prefix denoting that the ingredient (of a compound) signified by the term to which it is prefixed,is present in only a small proportion, or less than the normal amount; as, subsulphide, suboxide, etc. Prefixed to the name of a salt it is equivalent to basic; as, subacetate or basic acetate. [Obsoles.]
SUB Sub, n.
Defn: A subordinate; a subaltern. [Colloq.]
SUBACETATE Sub*ac"e*tate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: An acetate containing an excess of the basic constituent.
SUBACID Sub*ac"id, a. Etym: [L. subacidus. See Sub-, Acid.]
Defn: Moderately acid or sour; as, some plants have subacid juices. -- n.
Defn: A substance moderately acid.
SUBACRID Sub*ac"rid, a.
Defn: Moderalely acrid or harsh.
SUBACROMIAL Sub`a*cro"mi*al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated beneath the acromial process of the scapula.
SUBACT Sub*act", v. t. Etym: [L. subactus, p.p. of subigere to subdue; sub under + agere to lead, bring.]
Defn: To reduce; to subdue. [Obs.] Bacon.
SUBACTION Sub*ac"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. L. subactio a working up, discipline.]
Defn: The act of reducing to any state, as of mixing two bodies combletely. [Obs.] Bacon.
SUBACUTE Sub`a*cute", a.
Defn: Moderalely acute.
SUBADUNCATE Sub`a*dun"cate, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Somewhat hooked or curved.
SUBADVOCATE Sub*ad"vo*cate, n.
Defn: An under or subordinate advocate.
SUBAERIAL Sub`a*ë"ri*al, a.
Defn: Beneath the sky; in the open air; specifically (Geol.), taking place on the earth's surface, as opposed to subaqueous.
SUBAGENCY Sub*a"gen*cy, n.
Defn: A subordinate agency.
SUBAGENT Sub*a"gent, n. (Law)
Defn: A person employed by an agent to transact the whole, or a part, of the business intrusted to the latter. Bouvier. Chitty.
SUBAGITATION Sub*ag`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. subagitatio, fr. subagitare to lie with illicity.]
Defn: Unlawful sexual intercourse. [Obs.]
SUBAH Su"bah, n. Etym: [Per. & Hinf. s.]
Defn: A province; a government, as of a viceroy; also, a subahdar. [India]
SUBAHDAR Su"bah*dar, n. Etym: [Per. & Hinf. s, Per. s a province + dar holding, keeping.]
Defn: A viceroy; a governor of a subah; also, a native captain in the British native army. [India]
SUBAHDARY; SUBAHSHIP Su"bah*dar`y, Su"bah*ship, n.
Defn: The office or jurisdiction of a subahdar.
SUBAID Sub*aid", v. t.
Defn: To aid secretly; to assist in a private manner, or indirectly. [R.] Daniel.
SUBALMONER Sub*al"mon*er, n.
Defn: An under almoner.
SUBALPINE Sub*al"pine, a. Etym: [L. subalpinus.] (Bot. & Zoöl.)
Defn: Inhabiting the somewhat high slopes and summits of mountains, but considerably below the snow line.
SUBALTERN Sub*al"tern, a. Etym: [F. subalterne, LL. subalternus, fr. L. sub under + alter the one, the other of two. See Alter.]
1. Ranked or ranged below; subordinate; inferior; specifically (Mil.), ranking as a junior officer; being below the rank of captain; as, a subaltern officer.
2. (Logic)
Defn: Asserting only a part of what is asserted in a related proposition. Subaltern genus. (Logic) See under Genus.
SUBALTERN Sub*al"tern, n.
1. A person holding a subordinate position; specifically, a commissioned military officer below the rank of captain.
2. (Logic)
Defn: A subaltern proposition. Whately.
SUBALTERNANT Sub`al*ter"nant, n. (Logic)
Defn: A universal proposition. See Subaltern, 2. Whately.
SUBALTERNATE Sub`al*ter"nate, a.
1. Succeeding by turns; successive.
2. Subordinate; subaltern; inferior. All their subalternate and several kinds. Evelyn.
SUBALTERNATE Sub`al*ter"nate, n. (Logic)
Defn: A particular proposition, as opposed to a universal one. See Subaltern, 2.
SUBALTERNATING Sub*al"ter*na`ting, a.
Defn: Subalternate; successive.
SUBALTERNATION Sub*al"ter*na`tion, n.
Defn: The state of being subalternate; succession of turns; subordination.
SUBANGULAR Sub*an"gu*lar, a.
Defn: Slightly angular.
SUBAPENNINE Sub*ap"en*nine, a.
Defn: Under, or at the foot of, the Apennine mountains; -- applied, in geology, to a series of Tertiary strata of the older Pliocene period.
SUBAPICAL Sub*ap"ic*al, a.
Defn: Being under the apex; of or pertaining to the part just below the apex.
SUBAQUANEOUS Sub`a*qua"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. subaquaneus; sub + aqua water.]
Defn: Subaqueous. [Obs.]
SUBAQUATIC; SUBAQUEOUS Sub`a*quat"ic, Sub*a"que*ous, a.
1. Being under water, or beneath the surface of water; adapted for use under water; submarine; as, a subaqueous helmet.
2. (Geol.)
Defn: Formed in or under water; as, subaqueous deposits.
SUBARACHNOID; SUBARACHNOIDAL Sub`a*rach"noid, Sub*ar`ach*noid"al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under the arachnoid membrane.
SUBARCTIC Sub*arc"tic, a.
Defn: Approximately arctic; belonging to a region just without the arctic circle.
SUBARCUATE; SUBARCUATED Sub*ar"cu*ate, Sub*ar"cu*a`ted, a.
Defn: Having a figure resembling that of a bow; somewhat curved or arched.
SUBARRATION Sub`ar*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. arra, arrha, earnest money. See Earnest a pledge.]
Defn: The ancient custom of betrothing by the bestowal, on the part of the man, of marriage gifts or tokens, as money, rings, or other presents, upon the woman.
SUBARYTENOID Sub`a*ryt"e*noid, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under the arytenoid cartilage of the larynx.
SUBASTRAL Sub*as"tral, a.
Defn: Beneath the stars or heavens; terrestrial. Bp. Warburton.
SUBASTRINGENT Sub`as*trin"gent, a.
Defn: Somewhat astringent.
SUBATOM Sub*at"om, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A hypothetical component of a chemical atom, on the theory that the elements themselves are complex substances; -- called also atomicule.
SUBAUD Sub*aud", v. t. Etym: [L. subaudire, subauditum; sub under + audire to hear.]
Defn: To understand or supply in an ellipsis. [R.]
SUBAUDITION Sub`au*di"tion, n. Etym: [L. subauditio.]
Defn: The act of understanding, or supplying, something not expressed; also, that which is so understood or supplied. Trench.
SUBAXILLARY Sub*ax"il*la*ry, a.
1. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under the axilla, or armpit.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: Placed under the axil, or angle formed by the branch of a plant with the stem, or a leaf with the branch.
SUBBASAL Sub*ba"sal, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Near the base.
SUB-BASE Sub"-base`, n. (Arch.)
Defn: The lowest member of a base when divided horizontally, or of a baseboard, pedestal, or the like.
SUB-BASS Sub"-bass`, n. (Mus.)
Defn: The deepest pedal stop, or the lowest tones of an organ; the fundamental or ground bass. [Written also sub-base.] Ayliffe.
SUBBEADLE Sub*bea"dle, n.
Defn: An under beadle.
SUBBRACHIAL Sub*brach"i*al, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to the subbrachians.
SUBBRACHIALES Sub*brach`i*a"les, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Sub-, and Brachial.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A division of soft-finned fishes in which the ventral fins are situated beneath the pectorial fins, or nearly so.
SUBBRACHIAN Sub*brach"i*an, n. Etym: [Pref. sub- + brachium.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the Subbrachiales.
SUBBREED Sub"breed`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A race or strain differing in certain characters from the parent breed; an incipient breed.
SUBBRONCHIAL Sub*bron"chi*al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the bronchi; as, the subbronchial air sacs of birds.
SUBCALIBER Sub*cal"i*ber, a.
Defn: Smaller than the caliber of a firearm. [Written also subcalibre.] Subcaliber projectile, a projectile having a smaller diameter than the caliber of the arm from which it is fired, and to which it is fitted by means of a sabot. Knight.
SUBCARBONATE Sub*car"bon*ate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A carbonate containing an excess of the basic constituent.
SUBCARBONIFEROUS Sub*car`bon*if"er*ous, a. (Geol.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the lowest division of the Carboniferous formations underlying the proper coal measures. It was a marine formation characterized in general by beds of limestone. -- n.
Defn: The Subcarboniferous period or formation.
SUBCARBURETED Sub*car"bu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)
Defn: United with, or containing, carbon in less than the normal proportion. [Written also subcarburetted.] [Obsoles.]
SUBCARTILAGINOUS Sub*car`ti*lag"i*nous, a. (Anat.) (a) Situated under or beneath a cartilage or cartilages. (b) Partially cartilaginous.
SUBCAUDAL Sub*cau"dal, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the tail; as, the subcaudal, or chevron, bones.
SUBCELESTIAL Sub`ce*les"tial, a.
Defn: Being beneath the heavens; as, subcelestial glories. Barrow.
SUBCELLAR Sub*cel"lar, n.
Defn: A cellar beneath another story wholly or partly underground; usually, a cellar under a cellar.
SUBCENTRAL Sub*cen"tral, a.
1. Under the center.
2. Nearly central; not quite central.
SUBCHANTER Sub*chant"er, n. (Eccl.)
Defn: An underchanter; a precentor's deputy in a cathedral; a succentor.
SUBCIRCULAR Sub*cir"cu*lar, a.
Defn: Nearly circular.
SUBCLASS Sub"class`, n.
Defn: One of the natural groups, more important than an order, into which some classes are divided; as, the angiospermous subclass of exogens.
SUBCLAVIAN Sub*cla"vi*an, a. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. clavis a key. See Clavicle.] (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under the clavicle, or collar bone; as, the subclavian arteries.
SUBCOLUMNAR Sub`co*lum"nar, a. (Geol.)
Defn: Having an imperfect or interrupted columnar structure.
SUBCOMMITTEE Sub`com*mit"tee, n.
Defn: An under committee; a part or division of a committee. Yet by their sequestrators and subcommittees abroad . . . those orders were commonly disobeyed. Milton.
SUBCOMPRESSED Sub`com*pressed", a.
Defn: Not fully compressed; partially or somewhat compressed.
SUBCONCAVE Sub*con"cave, a.
Defn: Slightly concave. Owen.
SUBCONFORMABLE Sub`con*form"a*ble, a.
Defn: Partially conformable.
SUBCONICAL Sub*con"ic*al, a.
Defn: Slightly conical.
SUBCONJUNCTIVAL Sub*con`junc*ti"val, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under the conjunctiva.
SUBCONSCIOUS Sub*con"scious, a.
1. Occurring without the possibility or the fact of an attendant consciousness; -- said of states of the soul.
2. Partially conscious; feebly conscious.
SUBCONSCIOUSNESS Sub*con"scious*ness, n.
Defn: The state or quality of being subconscious; a state of mind in which perception and other mental processes occur without distinct consciousness.
SUBCONSTELLATION Sub*con`stel*la"tion, n. (Astron.)
Defn: A subordinate constellation. Sir T. Browne.
SUBCONTRACT Sub*con"tract, n.
Defn: A contract under, or subordinate to, a previous contract.
SUBCONTRACTED Sub`con*tract"ed, a.
1. Contracted after a former contract.
2. Betrothed for the second time. [Obs.] Shak.
SUBCONTRACTOR Sub`con*tract"or, n.
Defn: One who takes a portion of a contract, as for work, from the principal contractor.
SUBCONTRARY Sub*con"tra*ry, a.
1. Contrary in an inferior degree.
2. (Geom.)
Defn: Having, or being in, a contrary order; -- said of a section of an oblique cone having a circular base made by a plane not parallel to the base, but so inclined to the axis that the section is a circle; applied also to two similar triangles when so placed as to have a common angle at the vertex, the opposite sides not being parallel. Brande & C.
3. (Logic)
Defn: Denoting the relation of opposition between the particular affirmative and particular negative. Of these both may be true and only one can be false.
SUBCONTRARY Sub*con"tra*ry, n.; pl. Subcontraries (. (Logic)
Defn: A subcontrary proposition; a proposition inferior or contrary in a lower degree.
SUBCORACOID Sub*cor"a*coid, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under the coracoid process of the scapula; as, the subcoracoid dislocation of the humerus.
SUBCORDATE Sub*cor"date, a.
Defn: Somewhat cordate; somewhat like a heart in shape.
SUBCORNEOUS Sub*cor"ne*ous, a. (Anat.) (a) Situated under a horny part or layer. (b) Partially horny.
SUBCOSTAL Sub*cos"tal, a. (Anat. & Zoöl.)
Defn: Situated below the costas, or ribs; as, the subcostal muscles.
Note: The subcostal muscles are distinct from, and within, the intercostal.
SUBCOSTAL Sub*cos"tal, n.
1. (Anat.)
Defn: A subcostal muscle.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the principal nervures of the wings of an insect. It is situated next beneath or behind the costal. See Nervure.
SUBCRANIAL Sub*cra"ni*al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the cranium; facial.
SUBCRUSTACEOUS Sub`crus*ta"ceous, a.
Defn: Occurring beneath a crust or scab; as, a subcrustaceous cicatrization.
SUBCRYSTALLINE Sub*crys"tal*line, a.
Defn: Imperfectly crystallized.
SUBCULTRATE; SUBCULTRATED Sub*cul"trate, Sub*cul"tra*ted, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having a form resembling that of a colter, or straight on one side and curved on the other.
SUBCUTANEOUS Sub`cu*ta"ne*ous, a.
Defn: Situated under the skin; hypodermic. -- Sub`cu*ta"ne*ous*ly, adv. Subcutaneous operation (Surg.), an operation performed without opening that part of the skin opposite to, or over, the internal section.
SUBCUTICULAR Sub`cu*tic"u*lar, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under the cuticle, or scarfskin.
SUBCYLINDRICAL; SUBCYLINDRIC Sub`cy*lin"dric*al, Sub`cy*lin"dric, a.
Defn: Imperfectly cylindrical; approximately cylindrical.
SUBDEACON Sub*dea"con, n. Etym: [Pref. sub- + deacon: cf. L. subdiaconus.] (Eccl.)
Defn: One belonging to an order in the Roman Catholic Church, next interior to the order of deacons; also, a member of a minor order in the Greek Church.
SUBDEACONRY; SUBDEACONSHIP Sub*dea"con*ry, Sub*dea"con*ship, n. (Eccl.)
Defn: The order or office of subdeacon.
SUBDEAN Sub"dean`, n. Etym: [Pref. sub- + dean: cf. F. sousdoyen.]
Defn: An under dean; the deputy or substitute of a dean. Ayliffe.
SUBDEANERY Sub*dean"er*y, n.
Defn: Office or rank of subdean.
SUBDECANAL Sub*dec"a*nal, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a subdean or subdeanery.
SUBDECUPLE Sub*dec"u*ple, a.
Defn: Containing one part of ten.
SUBDELEGATE Sub*del"e*gate, n.
Defn: A subordinate delegate, or one with inferior powers.
SUBDELEGATE Sub*del"e*gate, v. t.
Defn: To appoint to act as subdelegate, or as a subordinate; to depete.
SUBDENTED Sub*dent"ed, a.
Defn: Indented beneath.
SUBDEPARTMENT Sub`de*part"ment, n.
Defn: A subordinate department; a bureau. See the Note under Bureau.
SUBDEPOSIT Sub`de*pos"it, n.
Defn: That which is deposited beneath something else.
SUBDERISORIOUS Sub`der*i*so"ri*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. derisorius. See Derisory.]
Defn: Ridiculing with moderation. [R.] Dr. H. More.
SUBDERIVATIVE Sub`de*riv"a*tive, n.
Defn: A word derived from a derivative, and not directly from the root; as, "friendliness" is a subderivative, being derived from "friendly", which is in turn a derivative from "friend."
SUBDIACONATE Sub`di*ac"o*nate, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a subdeacon, or to the office or rank of a subdeacon.
SUBDIACONATE Sub`di*ac"o*nate, n.
Defn: The office or rank of a subdeacon.
SUBDIAL Sub*di"al, a. Etym: [L. subdialis in the open air.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to the open air; being under the open sky. [R.] N. Bacon.
SUBDIALECT Sub*di"a*lect, n.
Defn: A subordinate dialect.
SUBDICHOTOMY Sub`di*chot"o*my, n.
Defn: A subordinate, or inferior, division into parts; a subdivision. [R.] Many subdichatomies of petty schisms. Milton.
SUBDILATED Sub`di*lat"ed, a.
Defn: Partially dilated.
SUBDITITIOUS Sub`di*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. subdititius, subditicius, fr. subdere to substitute.]
Defn: Put secretly in the place of something else; foisted in. [R.]
SUBDIVERSIFY Sub`di*ver"si*fy, v. t.
Defn: To diversify aggain what is already diversified. [R.] Sir M. Hale.
SUBDIVIDE Sub`di*vide", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subdivided; p. pr. & vb. n. Subdividing.] Etym: [L. subdividere, sub under + dividere to divide. See Divide.]
Defn: To divide the parts of (anything) into more parts; to part into smaller divisions; to divide again, as what has already been divided. The progenies of Cham and Japhet swarmed into colonies, and those colonies were subdivided into many others. Dryden.
SUBDIVIDE Sub`di*vide", v. i.
Defn: To be, or to become, subdivided.
SUBDIVINE Sub`di*vine", a.
Defn: Partaking of divinity; divine in a partial or lower degree. Bp. Hall.
SUBDIVISIBLE Sub`di*vis"i*ble, a.
Defn: Susceptible of subdivision.
SUBDIVISION Sub`di*vi"sion, n. Etym: [L. subdivisio: cf. F. subdivision.]
1. The act of subdividing, or separating a part into smaller parts.
2. A part of a thing made by subdividing. In the decimal table, the subdivision of the cubit, as span, palm, and digit, are deduced from the shorter cubit. Arbuthnot.
SUBDOLOUS Sub"do*lous, a. Etym: [L. subdolus, sub + dolus deceit.]
Defn: Sly; crafty; cunning; artful. [R.]
SUBDOMINANT Sub*dom"i*nant, n. (Mus.)
Defn: The fourth tone above, or fifth below, the tonic; -- so called as being under the dominant.
SUBDUABLE Sub*du"a*ble, a.
Defn: Able to be subdued.
SUBDUAL Sub*du"al, n.
Defn: Act of subduing. Bp. Warburton.
SUBDUCE; SUBDUCT Sub*duce", Sub*duct", v. t. Etym: [L. subducere, subductum; sub under + ducere to lead, to draw. See Duke, and cf. Subdue.]
1. To withdraw; to take away. Milton.
2. To subtract by arithmetical operation; to deduct. If, out of that infinite multitude of antecedent generations, we should subduce ten. Sir M. Hale.
SUBDUCTION Sub*duc"tion, n. Etym: [L. subductio.]
1. The act of subducting or taking away. Bp. Hall.
2. Arithmetical subtraction. Sir M. Hale.
SUBDUE Sub*due", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subdued; p. pr. & vb. n. Subduing.] Etym: [OE. soduen, OF. sosduire to seduce, L. subtus below (fr. sub under) + ducere to lead. See Duke, and cf. Subduct.]
1. To bring under; to conquer by force or the exertion of superior power, and bring into permanent subjection; to reduce under dominion; to vanquish. I will subdue all thine enemies. 1 Chron. xvii. 10.
2. To overpower so as to disable from further resistance; to crush. Nothing could have subdued nature To such a lowness, but his unkind daughters. Shak. If aught . . . were worthy to subdue The soul of man. Milton.
3. To destroy the force of; to overcome; as, medicines subdue a fever.
4. To render submissive; to bring under command; to reduce to mildness or obedience; to tame; as, to subdue a stubborn child; to subdue the temper or passions.
5. To overcome, as by persuasion or other mild means; as, to subdue opposition by argument or entreaties.
6. To reduce to tenderness; to melt; to soften; as, to subdue ferocity by tears.
7. To make mellow; to break, as land; also, to destroy, as weeds.
8. To reduce the intensity or degree of; to tone down; to soften; as, to subdue the brilliancy of colors.
Syn. -- To conquer; overpower; overcome; surmount; vanquish. See Conquer.
SUBDUED Sub*dued", a.
1. Conquered; overpowered; crushed; submissive; mild.
2. Not glaring in color; soft in tone.
SUBDUEMENT Sub*due"ment, n.
Defn: Subdual. [Obs.] Shak.
SUBDUER Sub*du"er, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, subdues; a conqueror. Spenser.
SUBDULCID Sub*dul"cid, a. Etym: [Pref. sub + L. dulcis sweet.]
Defn: Somewhat sweet; sweetish. [R.]
SUBDUPLE Sub"du*ple, a. (Math.)
Defn: Indicating one part of two; in the ratio of one to two. Subduple ratio, the ratio of 1 to 2: thus, 3:6 is a subduple ratio, as 6:3 is a duple ratio.
SUBDUPLICATE Sub*du"pli*cate, a. (Math.)
Defn: Expressed by the square root; -- said of ratios. Subduplicate ratio, the ratio of the square roots, or the square root of a ratio; thus, the subduplicate ratio of a to b is *a to *b, or *a/b.
SUBDURAL Sub*du"ral, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under the dura mater, or between the dura mater and the arachnoid membrane.
SUBEDITOR Sub*ed"i*tor, n.
Defn: An assistant editor, as of a periodical or journal.
SUBELONGATE Sub`e*lon"gate, a.
Defn: Not fully elongated; somewhat elongated.
SUBENDOCARDIAL Sub*en`do*car"di*al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under the endocardium.
SUBENDYMAL Sub*en"dy*mal, a. Etym: [Pref. sub + endyma.]
Defn: Situated under the endyma.
SUBEPIDERMAL Sub*ep`i*der"mal, a.
Defn: Situated immediately below the epidermis.
SUBEPIGLOTTIC Sub*ep`i*glot"tic, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under the epiglottis.
SUBEPITHELIAL Sub*ep`i*the"li*al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under the epithelium.
SUBEQUAL Sub*e"qual, a.
Defn: Nearly equal.
SUBERATE Su"ber*ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. subérate.] (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of suberic acid.
SUBEREOUS Su*be"re*ous, a. Etym: [L. subereus of the cork tree.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to cork; of the nature of cork; suberose.
SUBERIC Su*ber"ic, a. Etym: [L. suber the cork tree: cf. F. subéreque.] (Chem.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to cork; specifically, designating an acid, C
SUBERIN Su"ber*in, n. Etym: [L. suber the cork tree: cf. F. subérine.] (Bot.)
Defn: A material found in the cell walls of cork. It is a modification of lignin.
SUBERITE Su"ber*ite, n. Etym: [L. suber the cork tree.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any sponge of the genus Suberites and allied genera. These sponges have a fine and compact texture, and contain minute siliceous spicules.
SUBERIZATION Su`ber*i*za"tion, n. (Bot.)
Defn: Conversion of the cell walls into cork tissue by development of suberin; -- commonly taking place in exposed tissues, as when a callus forms over a wound. Suberized cell walls are impervious to water.
SUBERIZE Su"ber*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. -ized; p. pr. & vb. n. -izing.] [L. suber cork.] (Bot.)
Defn: To effect suberization of.
SUBERONE Su"ber*one, n. (Chem.) (a) The hypothetical ketone of suberic acid. (b) A colorless liquid, analogous suberone proper, having a pleasant peppermint odor. It is obtained by the distillation of calcium suberate.
SUBEROSE; SUBEROUS Su"ber*ose`, Su"ber*ous, a. Etym: [L. suber the cork tree: cf. F. subéreux.] (Bot.)
Defn: Having a corky texture.
SUBESOPHAGEAL Sub*e`so*phag"e*al, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Situated beneath the esophagus. [Written also suboesophageal.] Subesophageal ganglion (Zoöl.), a large special ganglion situated beneath the esophagus of arthropods, annelids, and some other invertebrates.
SUBFAMILY Sub*fam"i*ly, n. (Biol.)
Defn: One of the subdivisions, of more importance than genus, into which certain families are divided.
SUBFIBROUS Sub*fi"brous, a.
Defn: Somewhat fibrous.
SUBFUSCOUS Sub*fus"cous, a. Etym: [L. subfuscus, suffuscus. See Sub-, and Fuscous.]
Defn: Duskish; moderately dark; brownish; tawny.
SUBFUSK Sub*fusk", a.
Defn: Subfuscous. [Obs.] Tatler.
SUBGELATINOUS Sub`ge*lat"i*nous, a.
Defn: Imperfectly or partially gelatinous.
SUBGENERIC Sub`ge*ner"ic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a subgenus.
SUBGENUS Sub*ge"nus, n.; pl. Subgenera (. (Biol.)
Defn: A subdivision of a genus, comprising one or more species which differ from other species of the genus in some important character or characters; as, the azaleas now constitute a subgenus of Rhododendron.
SUBGLACIAL Sub*gla"cial, a.
Defn: Pertaining or belonging to the under side of a glacier; being beneath a glacier; as, subglacial streams.
SUBGLOBOSE Sub`glo*bose", a.
Defn: Not quite globose.
SUBGLOBULAR Sub*glob"u*lar, a.
Defn: Nearly globular.
SUBGLOSSAL Sub*glos"sal, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under the tongue; sublingual.
SUBGLOTTIC Sub*glot"tic, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated below the glottis; -- applied to that part of the cavity of the larynx below the true vocal cords.
SUBGLUMACEOUS Sub`glu*ma"ceous, a.
Defn: Somewhat glumaceous.
SUBGOVERNOR Sub*gov"ern*or, n.
Defn: A subordinate or assistant governor.
SUBGRANULAR Sub*gran"u*lar, a.
Defn: Somewhat granular.
SUBGROUP Sub"group`, n. (Biol.)
Defn: A subdivision of a group, as of animals. Darwin.
SUBHASTATION Sub`has*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. subhastatio.]
Defn: A public sale or auction. [R.] Bp. Burnet.
SUBHEPATIC Sub`he*pat"ic, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the liver; -- applied to the interlobular branches of the portal vein.
SUBHORNBLENDIC Sub`horn*blend"ic, a. (Min.)
Defn: Containing hornblende in a scattered state; of or relating to rocks containing disseminated hornblende.
SUBHUMERATE Sub*hu"mer*ate, v. t. Etym: [See Sub-, Humerus.]
Defn: To place the shoulders under; to bear. [Obs.] Nothing surer ties a friend than freely to subhumerate the burden which was his. Feltham.
SUBHYALOID Sub*hy"a*loid, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under the hyaliod membrane.
SUBHYOIDEAN Sub`hy*oid"e*an, a. (Anat. & Med.)
Defn: Situated or performed beneath the hyoid bone; as, subhyoidean laryngotomy.
SUBIMAGO Sub`i*ma"go, n. Etym: [NL. See Sub-, and Imago.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A stage in the development of certain insects, such as the May flies, intermediate between the pupa and imago. In this stage, the insect is able to fly, but subsequently sheds a skin before becoming mature. Called also pseudimago.
SUBINCUSATION Sub*in`cu*sa"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. sub + L. incusatio accusation, fr. incusare to accuse.]
Defn: A slight charge or accusation. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
SUBINDEX Sub*in"dex, n.; pl. Subindices (. (Math.)
Defn: A number or mark placed opposite the lower part of a letter or symbol to distinguish the symbol; thus, a0, b1, c2, xn, have 0, 1, 2, and n as subindices.
SUBINDICATE Sub*in"di*cate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. sub + indicate: cf. L. subindicare.]
Defn: To indicate by signs or hints; to indicate imperfectly. [R.] Dr. H. More.
SUBINDICATION Sub*in`di*ca"tion, n.
Defn: The act of indicating by signs; a slight indication. [R.] "The subindication and shadowing of heavenly things." Barrow.
SUBINDIVIDUAL Sub*in`di*vid"u*al, n.
Defn: A division of that which is individual. An individual can not branch itself into subindividuals. Milton.
SUBINDUCE Sub`in*duce", v. t.
Defn: To insinuate; to offer indirectly. [Obs.] Sir E. Dering.
SUBINFER Sub`in*fer", v. t. & i.
Defn: To infer from an inference already made. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
SUBINFEUDATION Sub*in`feu*da"tion, n. (Law) (a) The granting of lands by inferior lords to their dependents, to be held by themselves by feudal tenure. Craig. (b) Subordinate tenancy; undertenancy. The widow is immediate tenant to the heir, by a kind of subinfeudation, or undertenancy. Blackstone.
SUBINGRESSION Sub`in*gres"sion, n.
Defn: Secret entrance. [R.] Boyle.
SUBINTESTINAL Sub`in*tes"ti*nal, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the intestine.
SUBINVOLUTION Sub*in`vo*lu"tion, n.
Defn: Partial or incomplete involution; as, subinvolution of the uterus.
SUBITANEOUS Sub`i*ta"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. subitaneus. See Sudden.]
Defn: Sudden; hasty. [Obs.] Bullokar. -- Sub`i*ta"ne*ous*ness, n. [Obs.]
SUBITANY Sub"i*ta*ny, a.
Defn: Subitaneous; sudden; hasty. [Obs.] Hales.
SUBITO Su"bi*to, adv. Etym: [It. & L.] (Mus.)
Defn: In haste; quickly; rapidly.
SUBJACENT Sub*ja"cent, a. Etym: [L. subjacens, p.pr. of subjacere to lie under; sub under + jacere to lie.]
1. Lying under or below.
2. Being in a lower situation, though not directly beneath; as, hills and subjacent valleys.
SUBJECT Sub*ject", a. Etym: [OE. suget, OF. souzget, sougit (in which the first part is L. subtus below, fr. sub under), subgiet, subject, F. sujet, from L. subjectus lying under, subjected, p.p. of subjicere, subicere, to throw, lay, place, or bring under; sub under + jacere to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.]
1. Placed or situated under; lying below, or in a lower situation. [Obs.] Spenser.
2. Placed under the power of another; specifically (International Law), owing allegiance to a particular sovereign or state; as, Jamaica is subject to Great Britain. Esau was never subject to Jacob. Locke.
3. Exposed; liable; prone; disposed; as, a country subject to extreme heat; men subject to temptation. All human things are subject to decay. Dryden.
4. Obedient; submissive. Put them in mind to be subject to principalities. Titus iii. 1.
Syn. -- Liable; subordinate; inferior; obnoxious; exposed. See Liable.
SUBJECT Sub*ject", n. Etym: [From L. subjectus, through an old form of F. sujet. See Subject, a.]
1. That which is placed under the authority, dominion, control, or influence of something else.
2. Specifically: One who is under the authority of a ruler and is governed by his laws; one who owes allegiance to a sovereign or a sovereign state; as, a subject of Queen Victoria; a British subject; a subject of the United States. Was never subject longed to be a king, As I do long and wish to be a subject. Shak. The subject must obey his prince, because God commands it, human laws require it. Swift.
Note: In international law, the term subject is convertible with citizen.
3. That which is subjected, or submitted to, any physical operation or process; specifically (Anat.), a dead body used for the purpose of dissection.
4. That which is brought under thought or examination; that which is taken up for discussion, or concerning which anything is said or done. "This subject for heroic song." Milton. Make choice of a subject, beautiful and noble, which . . . shall afford an ample field of matter wherein to expatiate. Dryden. The unhappy subject of these quarrels. Shak.
5. The person who is treated of; the hero of a piece; the chief character. Writers of particular lives . . . are apt to be prejudiced in favor of their subject. C. Middleton.
6. (Logic & Gram.)
Defn: That of which anything is affirmed or predicated; the theme of a proposition or discourse; that which is spoken of; as, the nominative case is the subject of the verb. The subject of a proposition is that concerning which anything is affirmed or denied. I. Watts.
7. That in which any quality, attribute, or relation, whether spiritual or material, inheres, or to which any of these appertain; substance; substratum. That which manifests its qualities -- in other words, that in which the appearing causes inhere, that to which they belong -- is called their subject or substance, or substratum. Sir W. Hamilton.
8. Hence, that substance or being which is conscious of its own operations; the mind; the thinking agent or principal; the ego. Cf. Object, n., 2. The philosophers of mind have, in a manner, usurped and appropriated this expression to themselves. Accordingly, in their hands, the phrases conscious or thinking subject, and subject, mean precisely the same thing. Sir W. Hamilton.
9. (Mus.)
Defn: The principal theme, or leading thought or phrase, on which a composition or a movement is based. The earliest known form of subject is the ecclesiastical cantus firmus, or plain song. Rockstro.
10. (Fine Arts)
Defn: The incident, scene, figure, group, etc., which it is the aim of the artist to represent.
SUBJECT Sub*ject", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subjected; p. pr. & vb. n. Subjecting.]
1. To bring under control, power, or dominion; to make subject; to subordinate; to subdue. Firmness of mind that subjects every gratification of sense to the rule of right reason. C. Middleton. In one short view subjected to our eye, Gods, emperors, heroes, sages, beauties, lie. Pope. He is the most subjected, the most Locke.
2. To expose; to make obnoxious or liable; as, credulity subjects a person to impositions.
3. To submit; to make accountable. God is not bound to subject his ways of operation to the scrutiny of our thoughts. Locke.
4. To make subservient. Subjected to his service angel wings. Milton.
5. To cause to undergo; as, to subject a substance to a white heat; to subject a person to a rigid test.
SUBJECTED Sub*ject"ed, a.
1. Subjacent. "Led them direct . . . to the subjected plain." [Obs.] Milton.
2. Reduced to subjection; brought under the dominion of another.
3. Exposed; liable; subject; obnoxious.
SUBJECTION Sub*jec"tion, n. Etym: [L. subjectio: cf. OF. subjection, F. subjétion. See Subject, a.]
1. The act of subjecting, or of bringing under the dominion of another; the act of subduing. The conquest of the kingdom, and subjection of the rebels. Sir M. Hale.
2. The state of being subject, or under the power, control, and government of another; a state of obedience or submissiveness; as, the safety of life, liberty, and property depends on our subjection to the laws. "To be bound under subjection." Chaucer. Likewise, ye wives, be in subjection to your own husbands. 1 Peter iii. 1. Because the subjection of the body to the will is by natural necessity, the subjection of the will unto God voluntary, we stand in need of direction after what sort our wills and desires may be rightly conformed to His. Hooker.
SUBJECTIST Sub"ject*ist, n. (Metaph.)
Defn: One skilled in subjective philosophy; a subjectivist.
SUBJECTIVE Sub*jec"tive, a. Etym: [L. subjectivus: cf. F. subjectif.]
1. Of or pertaining to a subject.
2. Especially, pertaining to, or derived from, one's own consciousness, in distinction from external observation; ralating to the mind, or intellectual world, in distinction from the outward or material excessively occupied with, or brooding over, one's own internal states.
Note: In the philosophy of the mind, subjective denotes what is to be referred to the thinking subject, the ego; objective, what belongs to the object of thought, the non-ego. See Objective, a., 2. Sir W. Hamilton.
3. (Lit. & Art)
Defn: Modified by, or making prominent, the individuality of a writer or an artist; as, a subjective drama or painting; a subjective writer.
Syn. -- See Objective. Subjective sensation (Physiol.), one of the sensations occurring when stimuli due to internal causes excite the nervous apparatus of the sense organs, as when a person imagines he sees figures which have no objective reality. -- Sub*jec"tive*ly, adv. -- Sub*jec"tive*ness, n.
SUBJECTIVISM Sub*jec"tiv*ism, n. (Metaph.)
Defn: Any philosophical doctrine which refers all knowledge to, and founds it upon, any subjective states; egoism.
SUBJECTIVIST Sub*jec"tiv*ist, n. (Metaph.)
Defn: One who holds to subjectivism; an egoist.
SUBJECTIVITY Sub`jec*tiv"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being subjective; character of the subject.
SUBJECTLESS Sub"ject*less, a.
Defn: Having no subject.
SUBJECT-MATTER Sub"ject-mat`ter, n.
Defn: The matter or thought presented for consideration in some statement or discussion; that which is made the object of thought or study. As to the subject-matter, words are always to be understood as having a regard thereto. Blackstone. As science makes progress in any subject-matter, poetry recedes from it. J. H. Newman.
SUBJECTNESS Sub"ject*ness, n.
Defn: Quality of being subject. [R.]
SUBJICIBLE Sub*jic"i*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being subjected. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
SUBJOIN Sub*join", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subjoined; p. pr. & vb. n. Subjoining.] Etym: [Cf. OF. subjoindre, L. subjungere. See Sub-, and Join, and cf. Subjective.]
Defn: To add after something else has been said or written; to ANNEX; as, to subjoin an argument or reason.
Syn. -- To add; annex; join; unite.
SUBJOINDER Sub*join"der, n.
Defn: An additional remark. [R.]
SUB JUDICE Sub ju"di*ce. Etym: [L.]
Defn: Before the judge, or court; not yet decided; under judicial consideration.
SUBJUGATE Sub"ju*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subjugated; p. pr. & vb. n. Subjugating.] Etym: [L. subjugatus, p.p. of subjugare to subjugate; sub under + jugum a yoke. See Yoke.]
Defn: To subdue, and bring under the yoke of power or dominion; to conquer by force, and compel to submit to the government or absolute control of another; to vanquish. He subjugated a king, and called him his "vassal." Baker.
Syn. -- To conquer; subdue; overcome. See Conquer.
SUBJUGATION Sub`ju*ga"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. subjugation, LL. subjugatio.]
Defn: The act of subjugating, or the state of being subjugated.
SUBJUGATOR Sub"ju*ga`tor, n. Etym: [L.]
Defn: One who subjugates; a conqueror.
SUBJUNCTION Sub*junc"tion, n. Etym: [See Subjunctive.]
1. Act of subjoining, or state of being subjoined.
2. Something subjoined; as, a subjunction to a sentence.
SUBJUNCTIVE Sub*junc"tive, a. Etym: [L. subjunctivus, fr. subjungere, subjunctum, to subjoin: cf. F. subjonctif. See Subjoin.]
Defn: Subjoined or added to something before said or written. Subjunctive mood (Gram.), that form of a verb which express the action or state not as a fact, but only as a conception of the mind still contingent and dependent. It is commonly subjoined, or added as subordinate, to some other verb, and in English is often connected with it by if, that, though, lest, unless, except, until, etc., as in the following sentence: "If there were no honey, they [bees] would have no object in visiting the flower." Lubbock. In some languages, as in Latin and Greek, the subjunctive is often independent of any other verb, being used in wishes, commands, exhortations, etc.
SUBJUNCTIVE Sub*junc"tive, n. (Gram.)
Defn: The subjunctive mood; also, a verb in the subjunctive mood.
SUBKINGDOM Sub*king"dom, n.
Defn: One of the several primary divisions of either the animal, or vegetable kingdom, as, in zoölogy, the Vertebrata, Tunicata, Mollusca, Articulata, Molluscoidea, Echinodermata, Coelentera, and the Protozoa; in botany, the Phanerogamia, and the Cryptogamia.
SUBLAPSARIAN Sub`lap*sa"ri*an, n. & a. Etym: [Pref. sub + lapse: cf. F. sublapsarien, sublapsarie.] (Eccl. Hist.)
Defn: Same as Infralapsarian.
SUBLAPSARIANISM Sub`lap*sa"ri*an*ism, n.
Defn: Infralapsarianism.
SUBLAPSARY Sub*lap"sa*ry, a.
Defn: Sublapsarian. Johnson.
SUBLATE Sub"late, v. t. Etym: [From sublatus, used as p.p. of tollere to take away. See Tolerate.]
Defn: To take or carry away; to remove. [R.] E. Hall.
SUBLATION Sub*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. sublatio, fr. sublatus, used as p.p. of tollere to take away.]
Defn: The act of taking or carrying away; removal. [R.] Bp. Hall.
SUBLATIVE Sub"la*tive, a.
Defn: Having power, or tending, to take away. [R.] Harris.
SUBLEASE Sub"lease`, n. (Law)
Defn: A lease by a tenant or lessee to another person; an underlease. Bouvier.
SUBLESSEE Sub`les*see", n.
Defn: A holder of a sublease.
SUBLET Sub*let", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sublet; p. pr. & vb. n. Subletting.]
Defn: To underlet; to lease, as when a lessee leases to another person.
SUBLEVATION Sub`le*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. sublevare to lift up; sub under + levare to lift, raise: cf. L. sublevatio an allevation.]
1. The act of raising on high; elevation. Sir T. More.
2. An uprising; an insurrection. [R.] Sir W. Temple.
SUBLIBRARIAN Sub`li*bra"ri*an, n.
Defn: An under or assistant librarian.
SUBLIEUTENANT Sub`lieu*ten"ant, n. Etym: [Pref. sub + lieutenant: cf. F. sous- lieutenant.]
Defn: An inferior or second lieutenant; in the British service, a commissioned officer of the lowest rank.
SUBLIGATION Sub`li*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. subligatio, from subligare to bind below; sub under + ligare to bind.]
Defn: The act of binding underneath. [R.]
SUBLIMABLE Sub*lim"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sublimable. See Sublime., v. t.]
Defn: Capable of being sublimed or sublimated. -- Sub*lim"a*ble*ness, n. Boyle.
SUBLIMATE Sub"li*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sublimated; p. pr. & vb. n. Sublimating.] Etym: [L. sublimatus, p.p. of sublimare to raise, elevate, fr. sublimis high: cf. F. sublimer. See Sublime, a., and cf. Surlime, v. t.]
1. To bring by heat into the state of vapor, which, on cooling, returns again to the solid state; as, to sublimate sulphur or camphor.
2. To refine and exalt; to heighten; to elevate. The precepts of Christianity are . . . so apt to cleanse and sublimate the more gross and corrupt. Dr. H. More.
SUBLIMATE Sub"li*mate, n. Etym: [LL. sublimatum.] (Chem.)
Defn: A product obtained by sublimation; hence, also, a purified product so obtained. Corrosive sublimate. (Chem.) See under Corrosive.
SUBLIMATE Sub"li*mate, a. Etym: [LL. sublimatus.]
Defn: Brought into a state of vapor by heat, and again condensed as a solid.
SUBLIMATED Sub"li*ma`ted, a.
Defn: Refined by, or as by, sublimation; exalted; purified. [Words] whose weight best suits a sublimated strain. Dryden.
SUBLIMATION Sub"li*ma`tion, n. Etym: [LL. sublimatio: cf. F. sublimation.]
1. (Chem.)
Defn: The act or process of subliming, or the state or result of being sublimed.
2. The act of heightening or improving; exaltation; elevation; purification.
3. That which is sublimed; the product of a purifying process. Religion is the perfection, refinement, and sublimation of morality. South.
SUBLIMATORY Sub"li*ma*to*ry, a.
Defn: Used for sublimation; as, sublimatory vessels. Boyle.
SUBLIMATORY Sub"li*ma*to*ry, n.
Defn: A vessel used for sublimation. Vials, crosslets, and sublimatories. Chaucer.
SUBLIME Sub*lime", a. [Compar. Sublimer; superl. Sublimest.] Etym: [L. sublimis; sub under + (perhaps) a word akin to limen lintel, sill, thus meaning, up to the lintel: cf. F. sublime. Cf. Eliminate.]
1. Lifted up; high in place; exalted aloft; uplifted; lofty. Sublime on these a tower of steel is reared. Dryden.
2. Distinguished by lofty or noble traits; eminent; -- said of persons. "The sublime Julian leader." De Quincey.
3. Awakening or expressing the emotion of awe, adoration, veneration, heroic resolve, etc.; dignified; grand; solemn; stately; -- said of an impressive object in nature, of an action, of a discourse, of a work of art, of a spectacle, etc.; as, sublime scenery; a sublime deed. Easy in words thy style, in sense sublime. Prior. Know how sublime a thing it is To suffer and be strong. Longfellow.
4. Elevated by joy; elate. [Poetic] Their hearts were jocund and sublime, Drunk with idolatry, drunk with wine. Milton.
5. Lofty of mien; haughty; proud. [Poetic] "Countenance sublime and insolent." Spenser. His fair, large front and eye sublime declared Absolute rule. Milton.
Syn. -- Exalted; lofty; noble; majestic. See Grand.
SUBLIME Sub*lime", n.
Defn: That which is sublime; -- with the definite article; as: (a) A grand or lofty style in speaking or writing; a style that expresses lofty conceptions. The sublime rises from the nobleness of thoughts, the magnificence of words, or the harmonious and lively turn of the phrase. Addison.
(b) That which is grand in nature or art, as distinguished from the merely beautiful.
SUBLIME Sub*lime", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sublimed; p. pr. & vb. n. Subliming.] Etym: [Cf. L. sublimare, F. sublimer to subject to sublimation. See Sublime, a., and cf. Sublimate, v. t.]
1. To raise on high. [Archaic] A soul sublimed by an idea above the region of vanity and conceit. E. P. Whipple.
2. (Chem.)
Defn: To subject to the process of sublimation; to heat, volatilize, and condense in crystals or powder; to distill off, and condense in solid form; hence, also, to purify.
3. To exalt; to heighten; to improve; to purify. The sun . . . Which not alone the southern wit sublimes, But ripens spirits in cold, northern climes. Pope.
4. To dignify; to ennoble. An ordinary gift can not sublime a person to a supernatural employment. Jer. Taylor.
SUBLIME Sub*lime", v. i. (Chem.)
Defn: To pass off in vapor, with immediate condensation; specifically, to evaporate or volatilize from the solid state without apparent melting; -- said of those substances, like arsenic, benzoic acid, etc., which do not exhibit a liquid form on heating, except under increased pressure.
SUBLIMED Sub*limed", a. (Chem.)
Defn: Having been subjected to the process of sublimation; hence, also, purified. "Sublimed mercurie." Chaucer.
SUBLIMELY Sub*lime"ly, adv.
Defn: In a sublime manner.
SUBLIMENESS Sub*lime"ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being sublime; sublimity.
SUBLIMIFICATION Sub*lim`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. sublimis sublime + -ficare to make. See -ry.]
Defn: The act of making sublime, or state of being made sublime.
SUBLIMINAL Sub*lim"i*nal, a. [Pref. sub-+ L. limen threshold.] (Philos.)
Defn: Existing in the mind, but below the surface or threshold of consciousness; that is, existing as feeling rather than as clear ideas.
SUBLIMITY Sub*lim"i*ty, n.; pl. Sublimities. Etym: [L. sublimitas: cf. F. sublimité.]
1. The quality or state of being sublime (in any sense of the adjective).
2. That which is sublime; as, the sublimities of nature.
Syn. -- Grandeur; magnificence. -- Sublimity, Grandeur. The mental state indicated by these two words is the same, namely, a mingled emotion of astonishment and awe. In speaking of the quality which produces this emotion, we call it grandeur when it springs from what is vast in space, power, etc.; we call it sublimity when it springs from what is elevated far above the ordinary incidents of humanity. An immense plain is grand. The heavens are not only grand, but sublime (as the predominating emotion), from their immense height. Exalted intellect, and especially exalted virtue under severe trials, give us the sense of moral sublimity, as in the case of our Savior in his prayer for his murderers. We do not speak of Satan, when standing by the fiery gulf, with his "unconquerable will and study of revenge," as a sublime object; but there is a melancholy grandeur thrown around him, as of an "archangel ruined."
SUBLINEATION Sub*lin`e*a"tion, n.
Defn: A mark of a line or lines under a word in a sentence, or under another line; underlining.
SUBLINGUA Sub*lin"gua, n.; pl. Sublinguæ. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)
Defn: A process or fold below the tongue in some animals.
SUBLINGUAL Sub*lin"gual, a. Etym: [Pref. sub + lingual: cf. F. sublingual.] (Anat.) (a) Situated under the tongue; as, the sublingual gland. (b) Of or pertaining to the sublingual gland; as, sublingual salvia.
SUBLITION Sub*li"tion, n. Etym: [L. sublinere, sublitum, to smear, to lay on as a ground color.] (Paint.)
Defn: The act or process of laying the ground in a painting. [R.]
SUBLITTORAL Sub*lit"to*ral, a.
Defn: Under the shore. Smart.
SUBLOBULAR Sub*lob"u*lar, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under, or at the bases of, the lobules of the liver.
SUBLUMBAR Sub*lum"bar, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the lumbar region of the vertebral column.
SUBLUNAR; SUBLUNARY Sub*lu"nar, Sub"lu*na*ry, a. Etym: [Pref. sub + lunar, or lunary: cf. F. sublunaire.]
Defn: Situated beneath the moon; hence, of or pertaining to this world; terrestrial; earthly. All things sublunary are subject to change. Dryden. All sublunary comforts imitate the changeableness, as well as feel the influence, of the planet they are under. South.
SUBLUNARY Sub"lu*na*ry, n.
Defn: Any worldly thing. [Obs.]
SUBLUXATION Sub`lux*a"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. sub + luxation: cf. F. subluxation.] (Surg.)
Defn: An incomplete or partial dislocation.
SUBMAMMARY Sub*mam"ma*ry, a.
Defn: Situated under the mammæ; as, submammary inflammation.
SUBMARINE Sub`ma*rine", a.
Defn: Being, acting, or growing, under water in the sea; as, submarine navigators; submarine plants. Submarine armor, a waterproof dress of strong material, having a helmet into which air for breathing is pumped through a tube leading from above the surface to enable a diver to remain under water. -- Submarine cable. See Telegraph cable, under Telegraph. -- Submarine mine. See Torpedo, 2 (a).
SUBMARINE Sub*ma*rine", n.
Defn: A submarine plant or animal.
SUBMARSHAL Sub*mar"shal, n.
Defn: An under or deputy marshal.
SUBMAXILLARY Sub*max"il*la*ry, a. (Anat.) (a) Situated under the maxilla, or lower jaw; inframaxillary; as, the submaxillary gland. (b) Of or pertaining to submaxillary gland; as, submaxillary salvia.
SUBMEDIAL Sub*me"di*al, a.
Defn: Lying under the middle.
SUBMEDIAN Sub*me"di*an, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Next to the median (on either side); as, the submedian teeth of mollusks.
SUBMEDIANT Sub*me"di*ant, n. (Mus.)
Defn: The sixth tone of the scale; the under mediant, or third below the keynote; the superdominant.
SUBMENTAL Sub*men"tal, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under the chin; as, the submental artery.
SUBMENTUM Sub*men"tum, n.; pl. Submenta. Etym: [NL. See Sub-, and Mentum.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The basal part of the labium of insects. It bears the mentum.
SUBMERGE Sub*merge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Submerged; p. pr. & vb. n. Submerging.] Etym: [L. submergere, submersum; sub under + mergere to plunge: cf. F. submerger. See Merge.]
1. To put under water; to plunge.
2. To cover or overflow with water; to inundate; to flood; to drown. I would thou didst, So half my Egypt were submerged. Shak.
SUBMERGE Sub*merge", v. i.
Defn: To plunge into water or other fluid; to be buried or covered, as by a fluid; to be merged; hence, to be completely included. Some say swallows submerge in ponds. Gent. Mag.
SUBMERGENCE Sub*mer"gence, n. Etym: [From L. submergens, p.pr.]
Defn: The act of submerging, or the state of being submerged; submersion.
SUBMERSE Sub*merse", a. (Bot.)
Defn: Submersed.
SUBMERSED Sub*mersed", a. Etym: [L. submersus, p.p. of submergere. See Submerge.]
Defn: Being or growing under water, as the leaves of aquatic plants.
SUBMERSION Sub*mer"sion, n. Etym: [L. submersio: cf. F. submersion.]
1. The act of submerging, or putting under water or other fluid, or of causing to be overflowed; the act of plunging under water, or of drowning.
2. The state of being put under water or other fluid, or of being overflowed or drowned.
SUBMETALLIC Sub`me*tal"lic, a.
Defn: Imperfectly metallic; as, a submetallic luster.
SUBMINISTER Sub*min"is*ter, v. t. Etym: [L. subministrare, subministratum. See Sub-, and Ministre, v. t.]
Defn: To supply; to afford. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.
SUBMINISTER Sub*min"is*ter, v. i.
Defn: To be subservient; to be useful. [Obs.] "Our passions . . . subminister to the best and worst purposes." L'EStrange.
SUBMINISTRANT Sub*min"is*trant, a. Etym: [L. subministrans, p.pr.]
Defn: Subordinate; subservient. [Obs.] Bacon.
SUBMINISTRATE Sub*min"is*trate, v. t. Etym: [See Subminister.]
Defn: To supply; to afford; to subminister. [Obs.] Harvey.
SUBMINISTRATION Sub*min`is*tra"tion, n. Etym: [L. subministratio.]
Defn: The act of subministering. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.
SUBMISS Sub*miss", a. Etym: [L. submissus, p.p. of submittere to let down, to lower. See Submit.]
1. Submissive; humble; obsequious. [Archaic] "Soft Silence and submiss Obedience." Spenser. "Stooping and submiss." R. L. Stevenson.
2. Gentle; soft; calm; as, submiss voices. [R.]
SUBMISSION Sub*mis"sion, n. Etym: [L. submissio a letting down, lowering: cf. F. soumission.]
1. The act of submitting; the act of yielding to power or authority; surrender of the person and power to the control or government of another; obedience; compliance. Submission, dauphin! 't is a mere French word; We English warrious wot not what it means. Shak.
2. The state of being submissive; acknowledgement of inferiority or dependence; humble or suppliant behavior; meekness; resignation. In all submission and humility York doth present himself unto your highness. Shak. No duty in religion is more justly required by God . . . than a perfect submission to his will in all things. Sir W. Temple.
3. Acknowledgement of a fault; confession of error. Be not as extreme in submission As in offense. Shak.
4. (Law)
Defn: An agreement by which parties engage to submit any matter of controversy between them to the decision of arbitrators. Wharton (Law Dict.). Bouvier.
SUBMISSIVE Sub*mis"sive, a.
1. Inclined or ready to submit; acknowledging one's inferiority; yielding; obedient; humble. Not at his feet submissive in distress, Creature so fair his reconcilement seeking. Milton.
2. Showing a readiness to submit; expressing submission; as, a submissive demeanor. With a submissive step I hasted down. Prior.
Syn. -- Obedient; compliant; yielding; obsequious; subservient; humble; modest; passive. -- Sub*mis"sive*ly, adv. -- Sub*mis"sive*ness, n.
SUBMISSLY Sub*miss"ly, adv.
Defn: In a submissive manner; with a submission. [Archaic] Jer. Taylor.
SUBMISSNESS Sub*miss"ness, n.
Defn: Submissiveness. [Obs.]
SUBMIT Sub*mit", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Submitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Submitting.] Etym: [L. submittere; sub under + mittere to send: cf. F. soumettre. See Missile.]
1. To let down; to lower. [Obs.] Sometimes the hill submits itself a while. Dryden.
2. To put or place under. The bristled throat Of the submitted sacrifice with ruthless steel he cut. Chapman.
3. To yield, resign, or surrender to power, will, or authority; -- often with the reflexive pronoun. Ye ben submitted through your free assent. Chaucer. The angel of the Lord said unto her, Return to thy mistress, and submit thyself under her hands. Gen. xvi. 9. Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands. Eph. v. 22.
4. To leave or commit to the discretion or judgment of another or others; to refer; as, to submit a controversy to arbitrators; to submit a question to the court; -- often followed by a dependent proposition as the object. Whether the condition of the clergy be able to bear a heavy burden, is submitted to the house. Swift. We submit that a wooden spoon of our day would not be justified in calling Galileo and Napier blockheads because they never heard of the differential calculus. Macaulay.
SUBMIT Sub*mit", v. i.
1. To yield one's person to the power of another; to give up resistance; to surrender. The revolted provinces presently submitted. C. Middleton.
2. To yield one's opinion to the opinion of authority of another; to be subject; to acquiesce. To thy husband's will Thine shall submit. Milton.
3. To be submissive or resigned; to yield without murmuring. Our religion requires from us . . . to submit to pain, disgrace, and even death. Rogers.
SUBMITTER Sub*mit"ter, n.
Defn: One who submits. Whitlock.
SUBMONISH Sub*mon"ish, v. t. Etym: [L. submonere. See Summon, and -ish.]
Defn: To suggest; to prompt. [R.] "The submonishing inclinations of my senses." T. Granger.
SUBMONITION Sub`mo*ni"tion, n. Etym: [LL. submonitio.]
Defn: Suggestion; prompting. [R.] T. Granger.
SUBMUCOUS Sub*mu"cous, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under a mucous membrane.
SUBMULTIPLE Sub*mul"ti*ple, n. (Math.)
Defn: A number or quality which is contained in another an exact number of times, or is an aliquot part of it; thus, 7 is the submultiple of 56, being contained in it eight times.
SUBMULTIPLE Sub*mul"ti*ple, a. (Math.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to a submultiple; being a submultiple; as, a submultiple number; submultiple ratio.
SUBMUSCULAR Sub*mus"cu*lar, a.
Defn: Situated underneath a muscle or muscles.
SUBNARCOTIC Sub`nar*cot"ic, a. (Med.)
Defn: Moderately narcotic.
SUBNASAL Sub*na"sal, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under the nose; as, the subnasal point, or the middle point of the inferior border of the anterior nasal aperture.
SUBNASCENT Sub*nas"cent, a. Etym: [L. subnascens, p.pr. of subnasci to grow under; sub under + nasci to be born.]
Defn: Growing underneath. [R.] Evelyn.
SUBNECT Sub*nect", v. t. Etym: [L. subnectere, subnextum; sub under + nectere to tie.]
Defn: To tie or fasten beneath; to join beneath. [R.] Pope.
SUBNEX Sub*nex", v. t. Etym: [See Subnect.]
Defn: To subjoin; to subnect. [Obs.] Holland.
SUBNORMAL Sub*nor"mal, n. (Geom.)
Defn: That part of the axis of a curved line which is intercepted between the ordinate and the normal.
SUBNOTATION Sub`no*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. subnotatio a signing underneath, fr. subnotare to subscribe; sub under + notare to note or mark.]
Defn: A rescript. Bouvier.
SUBNOTOCHORDAL Sub*no`to*chor"dal, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated on the ventral side of the notochord; as, the subnotochordal rod.
SUBNUVOLAR Sub*nu"vo*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. sub + It. nuvola cloud: cf. L. subnubilus somewhat cloudy.]
Defn: Under the clouds; attended or partly covered or obscured by clouds; somewhat cloudy. [R. & Poetic] Subnuvolar lights of evening sharply slant. Milnes.
SUBOBSCURELY Sub`ob*scure"ly, adv.
Defn: Somewhat obscurely or darkly. [R.] Donne.
SUBOBTUSE Sub`ob*tuse", a.
Defn: Partially obtuse.
SUBOCCIPITAL Sub`oc*cip"i*tal, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under, or posterior to, the occiput; as, the suboccipital, or first cervical, nerve.
SUBOCTAVE; SUBOCTUPLE Sub*oc"tave, Sub*oc"tu*ple, a.
Defn: Containing one part of eight; having the ratio of one to eight. Bp. Wilkins.
SUBOCULAR Sub*oc"u*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. sub + ocular: cf. L. subocularis.] (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the eye.
SUBOFFICER Sub*of"fi*cer, n. Etym: [Pref. sub + officer: cf. F. sous-officer.]
Defn: An under or subordinate officer.
SUBOPERCULAR Sub`o*per"cu*lar, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated below the operculum; pertaining to the suboperculum. -- n.
Defn: The suboperculum.
SUBOPERCULUM Sub`o*per"cu*lum, n. Etym: [NL. See Sub-, Operculum.] (Anat.)
Defn: The lower opercular bone in fishes.
SUBORBICULAR; SUBORBICULATE Sub`or*bic"u*lar, Sub`or*bic"u*late, a.
Defn: Almost orbiculate or orbicular.
SUBORBITAL; SUBORBITAR Sub*or"bit*al, Sub*or"bit*ar, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under or below the orbit.
SUBORDER Sub*or"der, n. (Nat. Hist.)
Defn: A division of an order; a group of genera of a little lower rank than an order and of greater importance than a tribe or family; as, cichoraceous plants form a suborder of Compositæ.
SUBORDINACY Sub*or"di*na*cy, n. Etym: [See Subordinate.]
Defn: The quality or state of being subordinate, or subject to control; subordination, as, to bring the imagination to act in subordinacy to reason. Spectator.
SUBORDINANCE; SUBORDINANCY Sub*or"di*nance, Sub*or"di*nan*cy, n. Etym: [Pref. sub + L. ordinans, p.pr. of ordinare. See Subordinate, a.]
Defn: Subordinacy; subordination. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. Sir W. Temple.
SUBORDINARY Sub*or"di*na*ry, n. (Her.)
Defn: One of several heraldic bearings somewhat less common than an ordinary. See Ordinary.
Note: Different writers name different bearings as subordinaries, but the bar, bend, sinister, pile, inescutcheon bordure, gyron, and quarter, are always considered subordinaries by those who do not class them as ordinaries.
SUBORDINATE Sub*or"di*nate, a. Etym: [Pref. sub + L. ordinatus, p.p. of ordinare to set in order, to arrange. See Ordain.]
1. Placed in a lower order, class, or rank; holding a lower or inferior position. The several kinds and subordinate species of each are easily distinguished. Woodward.
2. Inferior in order, nature, dignity, power, importance, or the like. It was subordinate, not enslaved, to the understanding. South.
SUBORDINATE Sub*or"di*nate, n.
Defn: One who stands in order or rank below another; -- distinguished from a principal. Milton.
SUBORDINATE Sub*or"di*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subordinated; p. pr. & vb. n. Subordinating.]
1. To place in a lower order or class; to make or consider as of less value or importance; as, to subordinate one creature to another.
2. To make subject; to subject or subdue; as, to subordinate the passions to reason. -- Sub*or"di*nate*ly, adv. -- Sub*or"di*nate*ness, n.
SUBORDINATION Sub*or`di*na"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. subordination.]
1. The act of subordinating, placing in a lower order, or subjecting.
2. The quality or state of being subordinate or inferior to an other; inferiority of rank or dignity; subjection. Natural creature having a local subordination. Holyday.
3. Place of inferior rank. Persons who in their several subordinations would be obliged to follow the example of their superiors. Swift.
SUBORDINATIVE Sub*or"di*na*tive, a.
Defn: Tending to subordinate; expressing subordination; used to introduce a subordinate sentence; as, a subordinative conjunction.
SUBORN Sub*orn", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suborned; p. pr. & vb. n. Suborning.] Etym: [F. suborner, L. subornare; sub under, secretly + ornare to furnish, provide, equip, adorn. See Ornament.]
1. (Law)
Defn: To procure or cause to take a false oath amounting to perjury, such oath being actually taken. Sir W. O. Russell.
2. To procure privately, or by collusion; to procure by indirect means; to incite secretly; to instigate. Thou art suborned against his honor. Shak. Those who by despair suborn their death. Dryden.
SUBORNATION Sub`or*na"tion, n. Etym: [F. subornation.]
1. (Law)
Defn: The act of suborning; the crime of procuring a person to take such a false oath as constitutes perjury. Blackstone.
2. The sin or offense of procuring one to do a criminal or bad action, as by bribes or persuasion. Foul subornation is predominant. Shak. The sort of chicanery attending the subornation of managers in the Leibnitz controversy. De Quinsey.
SUBORNER Sub*orn"er, n.
Defn: One who suborns or procures another to take, a false oath; one who procures another to do a bad action.
SUBOVAL Sub*o"val, a.
Defn: Somewhat oval; nearly oval.
SUBOVATE Sub*o"vate, a.
Defn: Nearly in the form of an egg, or of the section of an egg, but having the inferior extremity broadest; nearly ovate.
SUBOVATED Sub*o"va*ted, a.
Defn: Subovate. [R.]
SUBOXIDE Sub*ox"ide, n. (Chem.)
Defn: An oxide containing a relatively small amount of oxygen, and less than the normal proportion; as, potassium suboxide, K4O.
SUBPEDUNCULAR Sub`pe*dun"cu*lar, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated beneath the peduncle; as, the subpeduncular lobe of the cerebellum.
SUBPEDUNCULATE Sub`pe*dun"cu*late, a. (Bot. & Zoöl.)
Defn: Supported on, or growing from, a very short stem; having a short peduncle.
SUBPELLUCID Sub`pel*lu"cid, a.
Defn: Somewhat pellucid; nearly pellucid.
SUBPENA Sub*pe"na, n. & v. t.
Defn: See Subpoena.
SUBPENTANGULAR Sub`pen*tan"gu*lar, a.
Defn: Nearly or approximately pentangular; almost pentangular.
SUBPERICARDIAL Sub*per`i*car"di*al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under the cardiac pericardium.
SUBPERIOSTEAL Sub*per`i*os"te*al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under the periosteum. Subperiosteal operation (Surg.), a removal of bone effected without taking away the periosteum.
SUBPERITONEAL Sub*per`i*to"ne*al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under the peritoneal membrane.
SUBPETIOLAR Sub*pet"i*o*lar, a. (Bot.)
Defn: Concealed within the base of the petiole, as the leaf buds of the plane tree.
SUBPLEURAL Sub*pleu"ral, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under the pleural membrane.
SUBPODOPHYLLOUS Sub*pod`o*phyl"lous, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under the podophyllous tissue of the horse's foot.
SUBPOENA Sub*poe"na, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. sub under + poena punishment. See Pain.] (Law)
Defn: A writ commanding the attendance in court, as a witness, of the person on whom it is served, under a penalty; the process by which a defendant in equity is commanded to appear and answer the plaintiff's bill. [Written also subpena.] Subpoena ad testificandum (. Etym: [NL.] A writ used to procure the attendance of a witness for the purpose of testifying. -- Subpoena duces tecum (. Etym: [NL.] A writ which requires a witness to attend and bring certain documents.
SUBPOENA Sub*poe"na, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subpoenaed; p. pr. & vb. n. Subpoenaing.] (Law)
Defn: To serve with a writ of subpoena; to command attendance in court by a legal writ, under a penalty in case of disobedience.
SUBPOENAL Sub*poe"nal, a.
Defn: Required or done under penalty. Gauden.
SUBPOLAR Sub*po"lar, a.
Defn: Situated below the poles.
SUBPOLYGONAL Sub`po*lyg"o*nal, a.
Defn: Approximately polygonal; somewhat or almost polygonal.
SUBPREHENSILE Sub`pre*hen"sile, a.
Defn: Somewhat prehensile; prehensile in an inferior degree.
SUBPRIOR Sub*pri"or, n. Etym: [Pref. sub + prior: cf. F. sous-prieur.] (Eccl.)
Defn: The vicegerent of a prior; a claustral officer who assists the prior.
SUBPUBIC Sub*pu"bic, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under, or posterior to, the pubic bones.
SUBPULMONARY Sub*pul"mo*na*ry, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the lungs.
SUBPURCHASER Sub*pur"chas*er, n.
Defn: A purchaser who buys from a purchaser; one who buys at second hand.
SUBPYRIFORM Sub*pyr"i*form, a.
Defn: Somewhat pyriform.
SUBQUADRATE Sub*quad"rate, a.
Defn: Nearly or approximately square; almost square.
SUBQUADRUPLE Sub*quad"ru*ple, a.
Defn: Containing one part of four; in the ratio of one to four; as, subquadruple proportion. Bp. Wilkins.
SUBQUINQUEFID Sub*quin"que*fid, a.
Defn: Almost quinquefid; nearly quinquefid.
SUBQUINTUPLE Sub*quin"tu*ple, a.
Defn: Having the ratio of one to five; as, subquintuple proportion. Bp. Wilkins.
SUBREADER Sub*read"er, n. (Law)
Defn: An under reader in the inns of court, who reads the texts of law the reader is to discourse upon. [Eng.] Crabb.
SUBRECTOR Sub*rec"tor, n.
Defn: An assistant restor. [Eng.]
SUBRELIGION Sub`re*li"gion, n.
Defn: A secondary religion; a belief or principle held in a quasi religious veneration. Loyalty is in the English a subreligion. Emerson.
SUBREPTION Sub*rep"tion, n. Etym: [L. subreptio, fr. subripere, subreptum, to snatch or take away secretly: cf. F. subreption. See Surreptitious.]
Defn: The act of obtaining a favor by surprise, or by unfair representation through suppression or fraudulent concealment of facts. Bp. Hall.
SUBREPTITIOUS Sub`rep*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. subreptitius. See Surreptitious.]
Defn: Surreptitious. [Obs.] -- Sub`rep*ti"tious*ly, adv. [Obs.]
SUBREPTIVE Sub*rep"tive, a. Etym: [L. subreptivus.]
Defn: Surreptitious. [Obs.]
SUBRIGID Sub*rig"id, a.
Defn: Somewhat rigid or stiff.
SUBRIGUOUS Sub*rig"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. subriguus; sub under + riguus watered, akin to rigare to water.]
Defn: Watered or wet beneath; well-watered. [Obs.] Blount.
SUBROGATE Sub"ro*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. subrogatus, p.p. of subrogare. See Surrogate.]
Defn: To put in the place of another; to substitute. Barrow.
SUBROGATION Sub`ro*ga"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. subrogation, LL. subrogatio.]
Defn: The act of subrogating. Specifically: (Law)
Defn: The substitution of one person in the place of another as a creditor, the new creditor succeeding to the rights of the former; the mode by which a third person who pays a creditor succeeds to his rights against the debtor. Bouvier. Burrill. Abbott.
SUBROTUND Sub`ro*tund", a.
Defn: Somewhat rotund.
SUBSACRAL Sub*sa"cral, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the sacrum.
SUBSALINE Sub`sa*line", a.
Defn: Moderately saline or salt.
SUBSALT Sub"salt`, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A basic salt. See the Note under Salt.
SUBSANNATION Sub`san*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. subsannatio, fr. subsannare to deride by mimicking gestures.]
Defn: Derision; mockery. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
SUBSCAPULAR; SUBSCAPULARY Sub*scap"u*lar, Sub*scap"u*la*ry, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated beneath the scapula; infrascapular; as, the subscapular muscle.
SUBSCRIBABLE Sub*scrib"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being subscribed. [R.]
SUBSCRIBE Sub*scribe", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subscribed; p. pr. & vb. n. Subscribing.] Etym: [L. subscribere, subscriptum; sub under + scribere to write: cf. F. souscrire. See Scribe.]
1. To write underneath, as one's name; to sign (one's name) to a document. [They] subscribed their names under them. Sir T. More.
2. To sign with one's own hand; to give consent to, as something written, or to bind one's self to the terms of, by writing one's name beneath; as, parties subscribe a covenant or contract; a man subscribes a bond. All the bishops subscribed the sentence. Milman.
3. To attest by writing one's name beneath; as, officers subscribe their official acts, and secretaries and clerks subscribe copies or records.
4. To promise to give, by writing one's name with the amount; as, each man subscribed ten dollars.
5. To sign away; to yield; to surrender. [Obs.] Shak.
6. To declare over one's signature; to publish. [Obs.] Either or must shortly hear from him, or I will subscribe him a coward. Shak.
SUBSCRIBE Sub*scribe", v. i.
1. To sign one's name to a letter or other document. Shak.
2. To give consent to something written, by signing one's name; hence, to assent; to agree. So spake, so wished, much humbled Eve; but Fate Subscribed not. Milton.
3. To become surely; -- with for. [R.] Shak.
4. To yield; to admit one's self to be inferior or in the wrong. [Obs.] I will subscribe, and say I wronged the duke. Shak.
5. To set one's name to a paper in token of promise to give a certain sum.
6. To enter one's name for a newspaper, a book, etc.
SUBSCRIBER Sub*scrib"er, n.
1. One who subscribes; one who contributes to an undertaking by subscribing.
2. One who enters his name for a paper, book, map, or the like. Dryden.
SUBSCRIPT Sub"script, a. Etym: [L. subscriptus, p.p. See Subscribe.]
Defn: Written below or underneath; as, iota subscript. (See under Iota.) Specifically (Math.), said of marks, figures, or letters (suffixes), written below and usually to the right of other letters to distinguish them; as, a, n, 2, in the symbols Xa, An, Y2. See Suffix, n., 2, and Subindex.
SUBSCRIPT Sub"script, n.
Defn: Anything written below. Bentley.
SUBSCRIPTION Sub*scrip"tion, n. Etym: [L. subscriptio: cf. F. souscription.]
1. The act of subscribing.
2. That which is subscribed. Specifically: (a) A paper to which a signature is attached. (b) The signature attached to a paper. (c) Consent or attestation by underwriting the name. (d) Sum subscribed; amount of sums subscribed; as, an individual subscription to a fund.
3. (Eccl.)
Defn: The acceptance of articles, or other tests tending to promote uniformity; esp. (Ch. of Eng.), formal assent to the Thirty-nine Articles and the Book of Common Prayer, required before ordination.
4. Submission; obedience. [Obs.] You owe me no subscription. Shak.
5. (Pharm.)
Defn: That part of a prescription which contains the direction to the apothecary.
Defn: A method of purchasing items produced periodically in a series, as newspapers or magazines, in which a certain number of the items are delivered as produced, without need for ordering each item individually; also, the purchase thus executed.
Note: The right to attend a series of public performances of ballet, opera, or music are also often sold by subscription. The payment for a subscription may be made prior to delivery of any items (common with magazines and performances), or after a certain number of the items have been delivered (common with newspapers or works of art produced in a series). 7. An application to purchase a certain number of securities to be delivered when they are newly issued.
SUBSCRIPTIVE Sub*scrip"tive, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a subscription, or signature. "The subscriptive part." Richardson. -- Sub*scrip"tive*ly, adv.
SUBSECUTE Sub"se*cute, v. t. Etym: [L. subsecutus, p.p. of subsequi. See Subsequent.]
Defn: To follow closely, or so as to overtake; to pursue. [Obs.] To follow and detain him, if by any possibility he could be subsecuted and overtaken. E. Hall.
SUBSECUTIVE Sub*sec"u*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. subsécutif.]
Defn: Following in a train or succession. [R.]
SUBSELLIUM Sub*sel"li*um, n.; pl. Subsellia. Etym: [L.] (Eccl. Arch.)
Defn: One of the stalls of the lower range where there are two ranges. See Illust. of Stall.
SUBSEMITONE Sub*sem"i*tone, n. (Mus.)
Defn: The sensible or leading note, or sharp seventh, of any key; subtonic.
SUBSENSIBLE Sub*sen"si*ble, a.
Defn: Deeper than the reach of the senses. "That subsensible world." Tyndall.
SUBSEPTUPLE Sub*sep"tu*ple, a.
Defn: Having the ratio of one to seven. Bp. Wilkins.
SUBSEQUENCE; SUBSEQUENCY Sub"se*quence, Sub"se*quen*cy, n.
Defn: The act or state of following; -- opposed to precedence.
SUBSEQUENT Sub"se*quent, a. Etym: [L. subsequens, -entis, p.pr. of subsequi to follow, succeed: cf. F. subséquent. See Sue to follow.]
1. Following in time; coming or being after something else at any time, indefinitely; as, subsequent events; subsequent ages or years; a period long subsequent to the foundation of Rome.
2. Following in order of place; succeeding; as, a subsequent clause in a treaty. "The subsequent words come on before the precedent vanish." Bacon.
SUBSEQUENTLY Sub"se*quent*ly, adv.
Defn: At a later time; afterwards.
SUBSEROUS Sub*se"rous, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under a serous membrane.
SUBSERVE Sub*serve", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subserved; p. pr. & vb. n. Subserving.] Etym: [L. subservire; sub under + servire to serve. See Serve.]
Defn: To serve in subordination or instrumentally; to be subservient to; to help forward; to promote. It is a great credit to know the ways of captivating Nature, and making her subserve our purposes, than to have learned all the intrigues of policy. Glanvill.
SUBSERVE Sub*serve", v. i.
Defn: To be subservient or subordinate; to serve in an inferior capacity. Not made to rule, But to subserve where wisdom bears command. Milton.
SUBSERVIENCE; SUBSERVIENCY Sub*serv"i*ence, Sub*serv"i*en*cy, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being subservient; instrumental fitness or use; hence, willingness to serve another's purposes; in a derogatory sense, servility. The body wherein appears much fitness, use, and subserviency to infinite functions. Bentley. There is a regular subordination and subserviency among all the parts to beneficial ends. Cheyne.
SUBSERVIENT Sub*serv"i*ent, a. Etym: [L. subserviens, -entis, p.pr. See Subserve.]
Defn: Fitted or disposed to subserve; useful in an inferior capacity; serving to promote some end; subordinate; hence, servile, truckling. Scarce ever reading anything which he did not make subservient in one kind or other. Bp. Fell. These ranks of creatures are subservient one to another. Ray. Their temporal ambition was wholly subservient to their proselytizing spirit. Burke.
SUBSERVIENTLY Sub*serv"i*ent*ly, adv.
Defn: In a subservient manner.
SUBSESQUI- Sub*ses"qui-. Etym: [Pref. sub- + sesqui-.] (Chem.)
Defn: A prefix (also used adjectively) denoting the combination of constituents (especially electro-negative and electro-positive bodies) in the proportion of two to three; as, a subsesqui acetate, i. e., a salt having two equivalents of acetic acid to three of the base.
SUBSEXTUPLE Sub*sex"tu*ple, a.
Defn: Having the ratio of one to six; as, a subsextuple proportion. Bp. Wilkins.
SUBSIDE Sub*side", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Subsided; p. pr. & vb. n. Subsiding.] Etym: [L. subsidere; sub under, below + sidere to sit down, to settle; akin to sedere to sit, E. sit. See Sit.]
1. To sink or fall to the bottom; to settle, as lees.
2. To tend downward; to become lower; to descend; to sink. "Heaven's subsiding hill." Dryden.
3. To fall into a state of quiet; to cease to rage; to be calmed; to settle down; to become tranquil; to abate; as, the sea subsides; the tumults of war will subside; the fever has subsided. "In cases of danger, pride and envy naturally subside." C. Middleton.
Syn. -- See Abate.
SUBSIDENCE; SUBSIDENCY Sub*sid"ence, Sub*sid"en*cy, n. Etym: [L. subsidens, -entis, p.pr. of subsidere. See Subside.]
Defn: The act or process of subsiding. The subdual or subsidence of the more violent passions. Bp. Warburton.
SUBSIDIARILY Sub*sid"i*a*ri*ly, adv.
Defn: In a subsidiary manner; so as to assist.
SUBSIDIARY Sub*sid"i*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. subsidiarius: cf. F. subsidiaire. See Subsidy.]
1. Furnishing aid; assisting; auxiliary; helping; tributary; especially, aiding in an inferior position or capacity; as, a subsidiary stream. Chief ruler and principal head everywhere, not suffragant and subsidiary. Florio. They constituted a useful subsidiary testimony of another state of existence. Coleridge.
2. Of or pertaining to a subsidy; constituting a subsidy; being a part of, or of the nature of, a subsidy; as, subsidiary payments to an ally. George the Second relied on his subsidiary treaties. Ld. Mahon.
SUBSIDIARY Sub*sid"i*a*ry, n.; pl. Subsidiaries (.
Defn: One who, or that which, contributes aid or additional supplies; an assistant; an auxiliary. Hammond.
SUBSIDIZE Sub"si*dize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subsidized; p. pr. & vb. n. Subsidizing.] Etym: [From Subsidy.]
Defn: To furnish with a subsidy; to purchase the assistance of by the payment of a subsidy; to aid or promote, as a private enterprise, with public money; as, to subsidize a steamship line. He employed the remittances from Spain to subsidize a large body of German mercenaries. Prescott.
SUBSIDY Sub"si*dy, n.; pl. Subsidies. Etym: [L. subsidium the troops stationed in reserve in the third line of battlem reserve, support, help, fr. subsidere to sit down, lie in wait: cf. F. subside. See Subside.]
1. Support; aid; coöperation; esp., extraordinary aid in money rendered to the sovereign or to a friendly power. They advised the king to send speedy aids, and with much alacrity granted a great rate of subsidy. Bacon.
Note: Subsidies were taxes, not immediately on on property, but on persons in respect of their reputed estates, after the nominal rate of 4s. the pound for lands, and 2s. 8d. for goods. Blackstone.
2. Specifically: A sum of money paid by one sovereign or nation to another to purchase the coöperation or the neutrality of such sovereign or nation in war.
3. A grant from the government, from a municipal corporation, or the like, to a private person or company to assist the establishment or support of an enterprise deemed advantageous to the public; a subvention; as, a subsidy to the owners of a line of ocean steamships.
Syn. -- Tribute; grant. -- Subsidy, Tribute. A subsidy is voluntary; a tribute is exacted.
SUBSIGN Sub*sign", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subsigned; p. pr. & vb. n. Subsigning.] Etym: [L. subsignare; sub under + signare to mark: cf. F. soussigner. See Sign.]
Defn: To sign beneath; to subscribe. [R.] Camden.
SUBSIGNATION Sub`sig*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. subsignatio.]
Defn: The act of writing the name under something, as for attestation. [R.] Shelton.
SUBSILICATE Sub*sil"i*cate, n.
Defn: A basic silicate.
SUBSIST Sub*sist", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Subsisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Subsisting.] Etym: [L. subsistere to stand still, stay, remain alive; sub under + sistere to stand, to cause to stand, from stare to stand: cf. F. subsister. See Stand.]
1. To be; to have existence; to inhere. And makes what happiness we justly call, Subsist not in the good of one, but all. Pope.
2. To continue; to retain a certain state. Firm we subsist, yet possible to swerve. Milton.
3. To be maintained with food and clothing; to be supported; to live. Milton. To subsist on other men's charity. Atterbury.
SUBSIST Sub*sist", v. t.
Defn: To support with provisions; to feed; to maintain; as, to subsist one's family. He laid waste the adjacent country in order to render it more difficult for the enemy to subsist their army. Robertson.
SUBSISTENCE Sub*sist"ence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. subsistance, L. subsistentia.]
1. Real being; existence. Not only the things had subsistence, but the very images were of some creatures existing. Stillingfleet.
2. Inherency; as, the subsistence of qualities in bodies.
3. That which furnishes support to animal life; means of support; provisions, or that which produces provisions; livelihood; as, a meager subsistence. His viceroy could only propose to himself a comfortable subsistence out of the plunder of his province. Addison.
4. (Theol.)
Defn: Same as Hypostasis, 2. Hooker.
SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT Sub*sist"ence De*part"ment. (Mil.)
Defn: A staff department of the United States army charged, under the supervision of the Chief of Staff, with the purchasing and issuing to the army of such supplies as make up the ration. It also supplies, for authorized sales, certain articles of food and other minor stores. It is commanded by any officer of the rank of brigadier general, called commissary general, and the department is popularly called the Commissary Department.
SUBSISTENCY Sub*sist"en*cy, n.
Defn: Subsistence. [R.]
SUBSISTENT Sub*sist"ent, a. Etym: [L. subsistens, p.pr. See Subsist.]
1. Having real being; as, a subsistent spirit.
2. Inherent; as, qualities subsistent in matter.
SUBSIZAR Sub*si"zar, n.
Defn: An under sizar; a student of lower rank than a sizar. [Cambridge Univ. Eng.] Bid my subsizar carry my hackney to the buttery and give him his bever. J. Fletcher.
SUBSOIL Sub"soil`, n.
Defn: The bed, or stratum, of earth which lies immediately beneath the surface soil. Subsoil plow, a plow having a share and standard but no moldboard. It follows in the furrow made by an ordinary plow, and loosens the soil to an additional depth without bringing it to the surface. Knight.
SUBSOIL Sub"soil`, v. t.
Defn: To turn up the subsoil of.
SUBSOLARY Sub*so"la*ry, a.
Defn: Being under the sun; hence, terrestrial; earthly; mundane. [R.]
SUBSPECIES Sub*spe"cies, n.
Defn: A group somewhat lessdistinct than speciesusually are, but based on characters more important than those which characterize ordinary varieties; often, a geographical variety or race.
SUBSPHENOIDAL Sub`sphe*noid"al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the body of the sphenoid bone.
SUBSPHERICAL Sub*spher"ic*al, a.
Defn: Nearly spherical; having a figure resembling that of a sphere.
SUBSPINOUS Sub*spi"nous, a. (a) (Anat.) Subvertebral. (b) (Med.) Situated beneath a spinous process, as that of the scapula; as, subspinous dislocation of the humerus.
SUBSTANCE Sub"stance, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. substantia, fr. substare to be under or present, to stand firm; sub under + stare to stand. See Stand.]
1. That which underlies all outward manifestations; substratum; the permanent subject or cause of phenomena, whether material or spiritual; that in which properties inhere; that which is real, in distinction from that which is apparent; the abiding part of any existence, in distinction from any accident; that which constitutes anything what it is; real or existing essence. These cooks, how they stamp, and strain, and grind, And turn substance into accident! Chaucer. Heroic virtue did his actions guide, And he the substance, not the appearance, chose. Dryden.
2. The most important element in any existence; the characteristic and essential components of anything; the main part; essential import; purport. This edition is the same in substance with the Latin. Bp. Burnet. It is insolent in words, in manner; but in substance it is not only insulting, but alarming. Burke.
3. Body; matter; material of which a thing is made; hence, substantiality; solidity; firmness; as, the substance of which a garment is made; some textile fabrics have little substance.
4. Material possessions; estate; property; resources. And there wasted his substance with riotous living. Luke xv. 13. Thy substance, valued at the highest rate, Can not amount unto a hundred marks. Shak. We are destroying many thousand lives, and exhausting our substance, but not for our own interest. Swift.
5. (Theol.)
Defn: Same as Hypostasis, 2.
SUBSTANCE Sub"stance, v. t.
Defn: To furnish or endow with substance; to supply property to; to make rich. [Obs.]
SUBSTANCELESS Sub"stance*less, a.
Defn: Having no substance; unsubstantial. [R.] Coleridge.
SUBSTANT Sub"stant, a. Etym: [L. substans, -antis, p.pr. of substare to be firm.]
Defn: Substantial; firm. [R.] "[The glacier's] substant ice." The Century.
SUBSTANTIAL Sub*stan"tial, a. Etym: [F. substantiel, L. substantialis.]
1. Belonging to substance; actually existing; real; as, substantial life. Milton. If this atheist would have his chance to be real and substantial agent, he is more stupid than the vulgar. Bentley.
2. Not seeming or imaginary; not illusive; real; solid; true; veritable. If happinessbe a substantial good. Denham. The substantial ornaments of virtue. L'Estrange.
3. Corporeal; material; firm. "Most ponderous and substantial things." Shak. The rainbow [appears to be] a large substantial arch. I. Watts.
4. Having good substance; strong; stout; solid; firm; as, substantial cloth; a substantial fence or wall.
5. Possessed of goods or an estate; moderately wealthy; responsible; as, a substantial freeholder. "Substantial yeomen and burghers." Sir W. Scott.
SUBSTANTIALITY Sub*stan`ti*al"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being substantial; corporiety; materiality. The soul is a stranger to such gross substantiality. Glanvill.
SUBSTANTIALIZE Sub*stan"tial*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Substantialized; p. pr. & vb. n. Substantializing.]
Defn: To make substantial.
SUBSTANTIALLY Sub*stan"tial*ly, adv.
Defn: In a substantial manner; in substance; essentially. In him all his Father shone, Substantially expressed. Milton. The laws of this religion would make men, if they would truly observe them, substantially religious toward God, chastle, and temperate. Tillotson.
SUBSTANTIALNESS Sub*stan"tial*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being substantial; as, the substantialness of a wall or column.
SUBSTANTIALS Sub*stan"tials, n. pl.
Defn: Essential parts. Ayliffe.
SUBSTANTIATE Sub*stan"ti*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Substantiated; p. pr. & vb. n. Substantiating.]
1. To make to exist; to make real. Ayliffe.
2. To establish the existence or truth of by proof or competent evidence; to verify; as, to substantiate a charge or allegation; to substantiate a declaration. Observation is, in turn, wanted to direct and substantiate the course of experiment. Coleridge.
SUBSTANTIATION Sub*stan`ti*a"tion, n.
Defn: The act of substantiating or proving; evidence; proof.
SUBSTANTIVAL Sub`stan*ti"val, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a substantive; of the nature of substantive. -- Sub`stan*ti"val*ly, adv.
SUBSTANTIVE Sub"stan*tive, a. Etym: [L. substantivus: cf. F. substantif.]
1. Betokening or expressing existence; as, the substantive verb, that is, the verb to be.
2. Depending on itself; independent. He considered how sufficient and substantive this land was to maintain itself without any aid of the foreigner. Bacon.
3. Enduring; solid; firm; substantial. Strength and magnitude are qualities which impress the imagination in a powerful and substantive manner. Hazlitt.
4. Pertaining to, or constituting, the essential part or principles; as, the law substantive. Noun substantive (Gram.), a noun which designates an object, material or immaterial; a substantive. -- Substantive color, one which communicates its color without the aid of a mordant or base; -- opposed to adjective color.
SUBSTANTIVE Sub"stan*tive, n. Etym: [Cf. F. substantif.] (Gram.)
Defn: A noun or name; the part of speech which designates something that exists, or some object of thought, either material or immaterial; as, the words man, horse, city, goodness, excellence, are substantives.
SUBSTANTIVE Sub"stan*tive, v. t.
Defn: To substantivize. [R.] Cudworth.
SUBSTANTIVELY Sub"stan*tive*ly, adv.
1. In a substantive manner; in substance; essentially.
2. (Gram.)
Defn: As a substantive, name, or noun; as, an adjective may be used substantively.
SUBSTANTIVENESS Sub"stan*tive*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being substantive.
SUBSTANTIVIZE Sub"stan*tiv*ize, v. t.
Defn: To convert into a substantive; as, to substantivize an adjective. Fitzed. Hall.
SUBSTILE Sub"stile`, n. (Dialing)
Defn: See Substyle.
SUBSTITUENT Sub*stit"u*ent, n. Etym: [L. substituens, p.pr. See Substitute.] (Chem.)
Defn: Any atom, group, or radical substituted for another, or entering a molecule in place of some other part which is removed.
SUBSTITUTE Sub"stit"ute, n. Etym: [L. substitutus, p.p. of substituere to put under, put in the place of; sub under + statuere to put, place: cf. F. substitut. See Statute.]
Defn: One who, or that which, is substituted or put in the place of another; one who acts for another; that which stands in lieu of something else; specifically (Mil.),
Defn: a person who enlists for military service in the place of a conscript or drafted man. Hast thou not made me here thy substitute Milton. Ladies [in Shakespeare's age] . . . wore masks as the sole substitute known to our ancestors for the modern parasol. De Quincey.
SUBSTITUTE Sub"stit"ute, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Substituted; p. pr. & vb. n. Substituting.] Etym: [See Substitute, n.]
Defn: To put in the place of another person or thing; to exchange. Some few verses are inserted or substituted in the room of others. Congreve.
SUBSTITUTED Sub"stit"uted, a.
1. Exchanged; put in the place of another.
2. (Chem.)
Defn: Containing substitutions or replacements; having been subjected to the process of substitution, or having some of its parts replaced; as, alcohol is a substituted water; methyl amine is a substituted ammonia. Substituted executor (Law), an executor appointed to act in place of one removed or resigned.
SUBSTITUTION Sub`sti*tu"tion, n. Etym: [L. substitutio: cf. F. substitution.]
1. The act of substituting or putting one person or thing in the place of another; as, the substitution of an agent, attorney, or representative to act for one in his absense; the substitution of bank notes for gold and silver as a circulating medium.
2. The state of being substituted for another.
3. The office or authority of one acting for another; delegated authority. [R.] Shak.
4. (Civil Law)
Defn: The designation of a person in a will to take a devise or legacy, either on failure of a former devisee or legatee by incapacity or unwillingness to accept, or after him. Burrill.
5. (Theol.)
Defn: The doctrine that Christ suffered vicariously, being substituted for the sinner, and that his sufferings were expiatory.
6. (Chem.)
Defn: The act or process of substituting an atom or radical for another atom or radical; metethesis; also, the state of being so substituted. See Metathesis.
SUBSTITUTIONAL Sub`sti*tu"tion*al, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to substitution; standing in the place of another; substituted. -- Sub`sti*tu"tion*al*ly, adv.
SUBSTITUTIONARY Sub`sti*tu"tion*a*ry, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to substitution; substitutional.
SUBSTITUTIVE Sub"sti*tu`tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. substitutif, L. substitutivus conditional.]
Defn: Tending to afford or furnish a substitute; making substitution; capable of being substituted. Bp. Wilkins.
SUBSTRACT Sub*stract", v. t. Etym: [F. suostraire; L. subtus below (from sub under) + trahere to draw. See Substract.]
Defn: To subtract; to withdraw. [Obs.] Barrow.
SUBSTRACTION Sub*strac"tion, n. Etym: [OF. substraction, F. soustraction. See Subtract.]
1. Subtraction; deduction. [Obs.]
2. (Law)
Defn: See Subtraction, 3.
SUBSTRACTOR Sub*stract"or, n.
1. One who subtracts.
2. A detractor; a slanderer. [Obs.] Shak.
SUBSTRATE Sub"strate, n.
Defn: A substratum. [R.]
SUBSTRATE Sub"strate, a.
Defn: Having very slight furrows. [R.]
SUBSTRATE Sub*strate", v. t. Etym: [L. substratus, p.p. of substrahere. See Substratum.]
Defn: To strew or lay under anything. [Obs.] The melted glass being supported by the substrated sand. Boyle.
SUBSTRATUM Sub*stra"tum, n.; pl. Substrata. Etym: [L. substratus, p.p. of substernere to strew under; sub under + sternere to strew. See Stratum.]
1. That which is laid or spread under; that which underlies something, as a layer of earth lying under another; specifically (Agric.), the subsoil.
2. (Metaph.)
Defn: The permanent subject of qualities or cause of phenomena; substance.
SUBSTRUCT Sub*struct", v. t. Etym: [See Substruction.]
Defn: To build beneath something; to lay as the foundation. [R.] He substructs the religion of Asia as the base. Emerson.
SUBSTRUCTION Sub*struc"tion, n. Etym: [L. substructio, fr. substruere, substructum, to build beneath; sub under + struere to build.] (Arch.)
Defn: Underbuilding; the foundation, or any preliminary structure intended to raise the lower floor or basement of a building above the natural level of the ground. It is a magnificent strong building, with a substruction very remarkable. Evelyn.
SUBSTRUCTURE Sub*struc"ture, n. Etym: [Pref. sub- + structure.]
1. (Arch.)
Defn: Same as Substruction.
2. An under structure; a foundation; groundwork.
SUBSTYLAR Sub*sty"lar, a.
Defn: Pertaining to the substyle.
SUBSTYLE Sub"style`, n. (Dialing)
Defn: A right line on which the style, or gnomon, of a dial is erected; being the common section of the face of the dial and a plane perpendicular to it passing through the style. [Written also substile.] Hutton.
SUBSULPHATE Sub*sul"phate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A sulphate with an excess of the base.
SUBSULPHIDE Sub*sul"phide, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A nonacid compound consisting of one equivalent of sulphur and more than one equivalent of some other body, as a metal.
SUBSULTIVE Sub*sul"tive, a.
Defn: Subsultory. [R.] Berkley.
SUBSULTORY Sub*sul"to*ry, a. Etym: [L. subsilire, subsultum, to spring up; sub under + salire to leap.]
Defn: Bounding; leaping; moving by sudden leaps or starts. [R.] -- Sub*sul"to*ri*ly, adv. [R.] Flippancy opposed to solemnity, the subsultory to the continuous, -- these are the two frequent extremities to which the French manner betrays men. De Quincey.
SUBSULTUS Sub*sul"tus, n. Etym: [NL. See Subsultory.] (Med.)
Defn: A starting, twitching, or convulsive motion.
SUBSUMABLE Sub*sum"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being subsumed. J. B. Stallo.
SUBSUME Sub*sume", v. t. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. sumere to take.]
Defn: To take up into or under, as individual under species, species under genus, or particular under universal; to place (any one cognition) under another as belonging to it; to include under something else. To subsume one proposition under another. De Quincey. A principle under which one might subsume men's most strenuous efforts after righteousness. W. Pater.
SUBSUMPTION Sub*sump"tion, n.
1. The act of subsuming, or of including under another. The first act of consciousness was a subsumption of that of which we were conscious under this notion. Sir W. Hamilton.
2. That which is subsumed, as the minor clause or premise of a syllogism. But whether you see cause to go against the rule, or the subsumption under the rule. De Quincey.
SUBSUMPTIVE Sub*sump"tive, a.
Defn: Relating to, or containing, a subsumption. Coleridge.
SUBTANGENT Sub*tan"gent, n. (Geom.)
Defn: The part of the axis contained between the ordinate and tangent drawn to the same point in a curve.
SUBTARTAREAN Sub`tar*ta"re*an, a.
Defn: Being or living under Tartarus; infernal. "Subtartarean powers." Pope.
SUBTECTACLE Sub*tec"ta*cle, n. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. tectum a roof.]
Defn: A space under a roof; a tabernacle; a dwelling. [Obs.] Davies (Holy Roode).
SUBTEGULANEOUS Sub*teg`u*la"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. subtegulaneus; sub under + tegulare tiles for a roof.]
Defn: Under the roof or eaves; within doors. [R.]
SUBTENANT Sub*ten"ant, n. (Law)
Defn: One who rents a tenement, or land, etc., of one who is also a tenant; an undertenant.
SUBTEND Sub*tend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subtended; p. pr. & vb. n. Subtending.] Etym: [L. subtendere; sub under + tendere to stretch, extend. See Tend.]
Defn: To extend under, or be opposed to; as, the line of a triangle which subtends the right angle; the chord subtends an arc.
SUBTENSE Sub*tense", n. Etym: [L. subtendere, subtentum. See Subtend, Tense, a.] (Geom.)
Defn: A line subtending, or stretching across; a chord; as, the subtense of an arc.
SUBTEPID Sub*tep"id, a.
Defn: Slightly tepid.
SUBTERETE Sub`te*rete", a.
Defn: Somewhat terete.
SUBTERFLUENT; SUBTERFLUOUS Sub*ter"flu*ent, Sub*ter"flu*ous, a. Etym: [L. subterfluens, p.pr. of subterfluere to flow beneath; subter under + fluere to flow.]
Defn: Running under or beneath. [R.]
SUBTERFUGE Sub"ter*fuge, n. Etym: [F., from LL. subterfugium, fr. L. subterfugere to flee secretly, to escape; subter under + fugere to flee. See Fugitive.]
Defn: That to which one resorts for escape or concealment; an artifice employed to escape censure or the force of an argument, or to justify opinions or conduct; a shift; an evasion. Affect not little shifts and subterfuges, to avoid the force of an argument. I. Watts. By a miserable subterfuge, they hope to render this position safe by rendering it nugatory. Burke.
SUBTERRANE Sub"ter*rane, n. Etym: [Cf. L. subterraneum, F. souterrain. See Subterranean.]
Defn: A cave or room under ground. [R.] J. Bryant.
SUBTERRANEAL Sub`ter*ra"ne*al, a.
Defn: Subterranean. [Obs.]
SUBTERRANEAN; SUBTERRANEOUS Sub`ter*ra"ne*an, Sub`ter*ra"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. subterraneus; sub under + terra earth. See Terrace.]
Defn: Being or lying under the surface of the earth; situated within the earth, or under ground; as, subterranean springs; a subterraneous passage. -- Sub`ter*ra"ne*ous*ly, adv.
SUBTERRANITY Sub`ter*ran"i*ty, n.
Defn: A place under ground; a subterrany. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
SUBTERRANY Sub"ter*ra*ny, a.
Defn: Subterranean. [Obs.] Bacon. -- n.
Defn: A subterranean place. [Obs.]
SUBTERRENE Sub`ter*rene", a. Etym: [L. subterrenus, equiv. to subterraneus.]
Defn: Subterraneous. [Obs.]
SUBTERRESTRIAL Sub`ter*res"tri*al, a.
Defn: Subterranean.
SUBTHALAMIC Sub`tha*lam"ic, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under the optic thalamus.
SUBTILE Sub"tile, a. Etym: [L. subtilis. See Subtile.]
1. Thin; not dense or gross; rare; as, subtile air; subtile vapor; a subtile medium.
2. Delicately constituted or constructed; nice; fine; delicate; tenuous; finely woven. "A sotil [subtile] twine's thread." Chaucer. More subtile web Arachne can not spin. Spenser. I do distinguish plain Each subtile line of her immortal face. Sir J. Davies.
3. Acute; piercing; searching. The slow disease and subtile pain. Prior.
5. Characterized by nicety of discrimination; discerning; delicate; refined; subtle. [In this sense now commonly written subtle.] The genius of the Spanish people is exquisitely subtile, without being at all acute; hence there is so much humor and so little wit in their literature. The genius of the Italians, on the contrary, is acute, profound, and sensual, but not subtile; hence what they think to be humorous, is merely witty. Coleridge. The subtile influence of an intellect like Emerson's. Hawthorne.
5. Sly; artful; cunning; crafty; subtle; as, a subtile person; a subtile adversary; a subtile scheme. [In this sense now commonly written subtle.]
Syn. -- Subtile, Acute. In acute the image is that of a needle's point; in subtile that of a thread spun out to fineness. The acute intellect pierces to its aim; the subtile (or subtle) intellect winds its way through obstacles. -- Sub"tile*ly, adv. -- Sub"tile*ness, n.
SUBTILIATE Sub*til"i*ate, v. t. Etym: [LL. subtiliare.]
Defn: To make thin or rare. [Obs.] Harvey. -- Sub`til*i*a"tion, n. [Obs.] Boyle.
SUBTILISM Sub"til*ism, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being subtile; subtility; subtlety. The high orthodox subtilism of Duns Scotus. Milman.
SUBTILITY Sub*til"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. subtilitas: cf. F. subtilité. See Subtle.]
Defn: Subtilty. [R.]
SUBTILIZATION Sub`til*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. subtilization.]
1. The act of making subtile.
2. (Old Chem.)
Defn: The operation of making so volatile as to rise in steam or vapor.
3. Refinement; subtlety; extreme attenuation.
SUBTILIZE Sub"til*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subtilized; p. pr. & vb. n. Subtilizing.] Etym: [L. subtiliser.]
1. To make thin or fine; to make less gross or coarse.
2. To refine; to spin into niceties; as, to subtilize arguments. Nor as yet have we subtilized ourselves into savages. Burke.
SUBTILIZE Sub"til*ize, v. i.
Defn: To refine in argument; to make very nice distinctions. Milner.
SUBTILIZER Sub"til*i`zer, n.
Defn: One who subtilizes.
SUBTILTY Sub"til*ty, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. subtility.]
1. The quality or state of being subtile; thinness; fineness; as, the subtility of air or light.
2. Refinement; extreme acuteness; subtlety. Intelligible discourses are spoiled by too much subtility in nice divisions. Locke.
3. Cunning; skill; craft. [Obs.] To learn a lewd man this subtility. Chaucer.
4. Slyness in design; artifice; guile; a cunning design or artifice; a trick; subtlety. O full of all subtility and all mischief. Acts xiii. 10.
Note: In senses 2, 3, and 4 the word is more commonly written subtlety.
SUBTLE Sub"tle, a. [Compar. Subtler; superl. Subtlest.] Etym: [OE. sotil, subtil, OF. soutil, later subtil, F. subtil, L. subtilis; probably, originally, woven fine, and fr. sub under + tela a web, fr. texere to weave. See Text, and cf. Subtile.]
1. Sly in design; artful; cunning; insinuating; subtile; -- applied to persons; as, a subtle foe. "A subtle traitor." Shak.
2. Cunningly devised; crafty; treacherous; as, a subtle stratagem.
3. Characterized by refinement and niceness in drawing distinctions; nicely discriminating; -- said of persons; as, a subtle logician; refined; tenuous; sinuous; insinuating; hence, penetrative or pervasive; -- said of the mind; its faculties, or its operations; as, a subtle intellect; a subtle imagination; a subtle process of thought; also, difficult of apprehension; elusive. Things remote from use, obscure and subtle. Milton.
4. Smooth and deceptive. [Obs.] Like to a bowl upon a subtle ground [bowling ground]. Shak.
Syn. -- Artful; crafty; cunning; shrewd; sly; wily. Subtle is the most comprehensive of these epithets and implies the finest intellectual quality. See Shrewd, and Cunning.
SUBTLENESS Sub"tle*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being subtle; subtlety.
SUBTLETY Sub"tle*ty, n.; pl. Subtleties. Etym: [OE. sotelte, sutilte, OF. sotillete, L. subtilitas. See Subtle, and cf. Subtility.]
1. The quality or state of being subtle, or sly; cunning; craftiness; artfulness. The fox which lives by subtlety. Shak.
2. Nice discernment with delicacy of mental action; nicety of discrimination.
3. Something that is sly, crafty, or delusive. Unlearned in the world's false subtleties. Shak.
SUBTLY Sub"tly, adv.
Defn: In a subtle manner; slyly; artfully; cunningly. Thou seest how subtly to detain thee I devise. Milton.
2. Nicely; delicately. In the nice bee what sense so subtly true. Pope. Subtly communicating itself to my sensibilities, but evading the analysis of my mind. Hawthorne.
3. Deceitfully; delusively. [Obs.] Shak.
SUBTONIC Sub*ton"ic, a. (Phonetics)
Defn: Applied to, or distinguishing, a speech element consisting of tone, or proper vocal sound, not pure as in the vowels, but dimmed and otherwise modified by some kind of obstruction in the oral or the nasal passage, and in some cases with a mixture of breath sound; -- a term introduced by Dr. James Rush in 1833. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§155, 199-202.
SUBTONIC Sub*ton"ic, n.
1. (Phonetics)
Defn: A subtonic sound or element; a vocal consonant, as b, d, g, n, etc.; a subvocal.
2. (Mus.)
Defn: The seventh tone of the scale, or that immediately below the tonic; -- called also subsemitone.
SUBTORRID Sub*tor"rid, a.
Defn: Nearly torrid.
SUBTRACT Sub*tract", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subtracted; p. pr. & vb. n. Subtracting.] Etym: [L. subtractus, p.p. of subtrahere to draw from beneath, withdraw, remove; sub under + trahere to draw. See Trace, v. t., and cf. Substract.]
Defn: To withdraw, or take away, as a part from the whole; to deduct; as, subtract 5 from 9, and the remainder is 4.
SUBTRACTER Sub*tract"er, n.
1. One who subtracts.
2. The subtrahend. [Obs.]
SUBTRACTION Sub*trac"tion, n. Etym: [L. subtractio a drawing back. See Subtract, and cf. Substraction.]
1. The act or operation of subtracting or taking away a part.
2. (Math.)
Defn: The taking of a lesser number or quantity from a greater of the same kind or denomination; an operation for finding the difference between two numbers or quantities.
3. (Law)
Defn: The withdrawing or withholding from a person of some right to which he is entitled by law.
Note: Thus the subtraction of conjugal rights is when either the husband or wife withdraws from the other and lives separate without sufficient reason. The subtraction of a legacy is the withholding or detailing of it from the legatee by the executor. In like manner, the withholding of any service, rent, duty, or custom, is a subtraction, for which the law gives a remedy. Blackstone.
SUBTRACTIVE Sub*trac"tive, a.
1. Tending, or having power, to subtract.
2. (Math.)
Defn: Having the negative sign, or sign minus.
SUBTRAHEND Sub"tra*hend`, n. Etym: [L. subtrahendus that is to be subtracted, p.fut.pess. of subtrahere. See Subtract.] (Math.)
Defn: The sum or number to be subtracted, or taken from another.
SUBTRANSLUCENT Sub`trans*lu"cent, a.
Defn: Not perfectly translucent.
SUBTRANSPARENT Sub`trans*pa"rent, a.
Defn: Not perfectly transparent.
SUBTREASURER Sub*treas"ur*er, n.
Defn: The public officer who has charge of a subtreasury. [U. S.]
SUBTREASURY Sub*treas"ur*y, n.; pl. Subtreasuries (.
Defn: A subordinate treasury, or place of deposit; as, the United States subtreasury at New York. [U. S.]
SUBTRIANGULAR Sub`tri*an"gu*lar, a.
Defn: Nearly, but not perfectly, triangular. Darwin.
SUBTRIBE Sub"tribe`, n. (Bot. & Zoöl.)
Defn: A division of a tribe; a group of genera of a little lower rank than a tribe.
SUBTRIHEDRAL Sub`tri*he"dral, a.
Defn: Approaching the form of a three-sided pyramid; as, the subtrihedral crown of a tooth. Owen.
SUBTRIPLE Sub*tri"ple, a. (Math.)
Defn: Containing a third, or one part to three. Bp. Wilkins.
SUBTRIPLICATE Sub*trip"li*cate, a. (Math.)
Defn: Expressed by the cube root; -- said especially of ratios. Subtriplicate ratio, the ratio of the cube root; thus, the subtriplicate ratio of a to b is cube roota to cube rootb, or cube roota/b.
SUBTROPICAL Sub*trop"ic*al, a.
Defn: Nearly tropical.
SUBTRUDE Sub*trude", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subtruded; p. pr. & vb. n. Subtruding.] Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. trudere to thrust.]
Defn: To place under; to insert. [R.]
SUBTURRICULATE Sub`tur*ric"u*late, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Somewhat turriculate.
SUBTUTOR Sub*tu"tor, n.
Defn: An under tutor.
SUBTYPICAL Sub*typ"ic*al, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Deviating somewhat from the type of a species, genus, or other group; slightly aberrant.
SUBULATE; SUBULATED Su"bu*late, Su"bu*la`ted, a. Etym: [NL. subulatus, fr. L. subula an awl.]
Defn: Very narrow, and tapering gradually to a fine point from a broadish base; awl-shaped; linear.
SUBULICORNES Su`bu*li*cor"nes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from L. subula an awl + cornu horn.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A division of insects having slender or subulate antennæ. The dragon flies and May flies are examples.
SUBULIFORM Su"bu*li*form, a.
Defn: Subulate.
SUBULIPALP Su"bu*li*palp`, n. Etym: [L. subula an awl + E. palp.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of a group of carabid beetles having slender palpi.
SUBUMBONAL Sub`um*bo"nal, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Beneath or forward of the umbos of a bivalve shell.
SUBUMBRELLA Sub`um*brel"la, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The integument of the under surface of the bell, or disk-shaped body, of a jellyfish.
SUBUNDATION Sub`un*da"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. unda a wave.]
Defn: A flood; a deluge. [Obs.] Huloet.
SUBUNGUAL Sub*un"gual, a.
Defn: Under the nail or hoof.
SUBURB Sub"urb, n. Etym: [L. suburbium; sub under, below, near + urbs a city. See Urban.]
1. An outlying part of a city or town; a smaller place immediately adjacent to a city; in the plural, the region which is on the confines of any city or large town; as, a house stands in the suburbs; a garden situated in the suburbs of Paris. "In the suburbs of a town." Chaucer. [London] could hardly have contained less than thirty or forty thousand souls within its walls; and the suburbs were very populous. Hallam.
2. Hence, the confines; the outer part; the environment. "The suburbs . . . of sorrow." Jer. Taylor. The suburb of their straw-built citadel. Milton. Suburb roister, a rowdy; a loafer. [Obs.] Milton.
SUBURBAN Sub*ur"ban, a. Etym: [L. suburbanus.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to suburbs; inhabiting, or being in, the suburbs of a city. "Suburban taverns." Longfellow. Suburban villas, highway-side retreats, . . . Delight the citizen. Cowper.
SUBURBAN Sub*ur"ban, n.
Defn: One who dwells in the suburbs.
SUBURBED Sub"urbed, a.
Defn: Having a suburb or suburbs on its outer part.
SUBURBIAL; SUBURBIAN Sub*ur"bi*al, Sub*ur"bi*an, a.
Defn: Suburban. [Obs.] "Suburbial fields." Warton. "Suburbian muse." Dryden.
SUBURBICARIAN; SUBURBICARY Sub*ur`bi*ca"ri*an, Sub*ur"bi*ca*ry, a. Etym: [LL. suburbicarius, equiv. to L. suburbanus: cf. F. suburbicaire. See Suburban.]
Defn: Being in the suburbs; -- applied to the six dioceses in the suburbs of Rome subject to the pope as bishop of Rome. The pope having stretched his authority beyond the bounds of his suburbicarian precincts. Barrow.
SUBURETHRAL Sub`u*re"thral, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under the urethra, or under its orifice.
SUBVAGINAL Sub*vag"i*nal, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under or inside a sheath or vaginal membrane; as, the subvaginal, or subdural, spaces about the optic nerve.
SUBVARIETY Sub`va*ri"e*ty, n.; pl. -ties (.
Defn: A subordinate variety, or a division of a variety.
SUBVENE Sub*vene", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Subvened; p. pr. & vb. n. Subvening.] Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. venire to come. See Subvention.]
Defn: To come under, as a support or stay; to happen. A future state must needs subvene to prevent the whole edifice from falling into ruin. Bp. Warburton.
SUBVENTANEOUS Sub`ven*ta"ne*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. ventus wind.]
Defn: Produced by the wind. [Obs.]
SUBVENTION Sub*ven"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. subventio, fr. L. subvenire to come up to one's assistance, to assist. See Souvenir, and cf. Subvene.]
1. The act of coming under. "The subvention of a cloud." Stackhouse.
2. The act of relieving, as of a burden; support; aid; assistance; help.
3. A government aid or bounty.
SUBVENTION Sub*ven"tion, v. t.
Defn: To subventionize.
SUBVENTIONIZE Sub*ven"tion*ize, v. t.
Defn: To come to the aid of; to subsidize; to support.
SUBVENTITIOUS Sub`ven*ti"tious, a.
Defn: Helping; aiding; supporting. Urquhart.
SUBVERSE Sub*verse", v. t. Etym: [L. subversus, p.p. of subvertere. See Subvert.]
Defn: To subvert. [Obs.] Spenser.
SUBVERSION Sub*ver"sion, n. Etym: [L. subversio: cf. F. subversion. See Subvert.]
Defn: The act of overturning, or the state of being overturned; entire overthrow; an overthrow from the foundation; utter ruin; destruction; as, the subversion of a government; the subversion of despotic power; the subversion of the constitution. The subversion [by a storm] of woods and timber . . . through my whole estate. Evelyn. Laws have been often abused to the oppression and subversion of that order they were intended to preserve. Rogers.
SUBVERSIONARY Sub*ver"sion*a*ry, a.
Defn: Promoting destruction.
SUBVERSIVE Sub*ver"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. subversif.]
Defn: Tending to subvert; having a tendency to overthrow and ruin. Lying is a vice subversive of the very ends and design of conversation. Rogers.
SUBVERT Sub*vert", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Subverting.] Etym: [L. subvertere, subversum; sub under + vertere to turn: cf. F. subvertir. See Verse.]
1. To overturn from the foundation; to overthrow; to ruin utterly. These are his substance, sinews, arms, and strength, With which he yoketh your rebellious necks, Razeth your cities, and subverts your towns. Shak. This would subvert the principles of all knowledge. Locke.
2. To pervert, as the mind, and turn it from the truth; to corrupt; to confound. 2 Tim. iii. 14.
Syn. -- To overturn; overthrow; destroy; invert; reverse; extinguish.
SUBVERT Sub*vert", v. i.
Defn: To overthrow anything from the foundation; to be subversive. They have a power given to them like that of the evil principle, to subvert and destroy.
SUBVERTANT Sub*vert"ant, a. (Her.)
Defn: Reserved. [R.]
SUBVERTEBRAL Sub*ver"te*bral, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated beneath, or on the ventral side of, the vertebral column; situated beneath, or inside of, the endoskeleton; hypaxial; hyposkeletal.
SUBVERTER Sub*vert"er, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, subverts; an overthrower. Sir T. More.
SUBVERTIBLE Sub*vert"i*ble, a.
Defn: That may be subverted.
SUBVITALIZED Sub*vi"tal*ized, a.
Defn: Imperfectly vitalized; having naturally but little vital power or energy.
SUBVOCAL Sub*vo"cal, a. & n.
Defn: Same as Subtonic.
SUBWAY Sub"way`, n.
Defn: An underground way or gallery; especially, a passage under a street, in which water mains, gas mains, telegraph wires, etc., are conducted.
SUBWORKER Sub*work"er, n.
Defn: A subordinate worker or helper. South.
SUBZONAL Sub*zon"al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under a zone, or zona; -- applied to a membrane between the zona radiata and the umbilical vesicle in the mammal embryo.
SUBZYGOMATIC Sub*zyg`o*mat"ic, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated under the zygoma or zygomatic process.
SUCCADE Suc"cade, n. Etym: [L. succus, sucus, juice: cf. F. succade a sugarbox. Cf. Sucket.]
1. A sweetmeat. [Obs.] Holland.
2. pl. (Com.)
Defn: Sweetmeats, or preserves in sugar, whether fruit, vegetables, or confections. Blakely. Succade gourd. (Bot.) Same as Vegetable marrow, under Vegetable.
SUCCEDANE Suc"ce*dane, n.
Defn: A succedaneum. [Obs.]
SUCCEDANEOUS Suc`ce*da"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. succedaneus. See Succeed.]
Defn: Pertaining to, or acting as, a succedaneum; supplying the place of something else; being, or employed as, a substitute for another. Sir T. Browne.
SUCCEDANEUM Suc`ce*da"ne*um, n.; pl. Succedanea. Etym: [NL. See Succedaneous.]
Defn: One who, or that which, succeeds to the place of another; that which is used for something else; a substitute; specifically (Med.),
Defn: a remedy used as a substitute for another. In lieu of me, you will have a very charming succedaneum, Lady Harriet Stanhope. Walpole.
SUCCEED Suc*ceed", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Succeeded; p. pr. & vb. n. Succeeding.] Etym: [L. succedere, successum; sub under + cedere to go, to go along, approach, follow, succeed: cf. F. succéder. See Cede, and cf. Success.]
1. To follow in order; to come next after; hence, to take the place of; as, the king's eldest son succeeds his father on the throne; autumn succeeds summer. As he saw him nigh succeed. Spenser.
2. To fall heir to; to inherit. [Obs. & R.] Shak.
3. To come after; to be subsequent or consequent to; to follow; to pursue. Destructive effects . . . succeeded the curse. Sir T. Browne.
4. To support; to prosper; to promote. [R.] Succeed my wish and second my design. Dryden.
SUCCEED Suc*ceed", v. i.
1. To come in the place of another person, thing, or event; to come next in the usual, natural, or prescribed course of things; to follow; hence, to come next in the possession of anything; -- often with to. If the father left only daughters, they equally succeeded to him in copartnership. Sir M. Hale. Enjoy till I return Short pleasures; for long woes are to succeed! Milton.
2. Specifically: To ascend the throne after the removal the death of the occupant. No woman shall succeed in Salique land. Shak.
3. To descend, as an estate or an heirloom, in the same family; to devolve. Shak.
4. To obtain the object desired; to accomplish what is attempted or intended; to have a prosperous issue or termination; to be successful; as, he succeeded in his plans; his plans succeeded. It is almost impossible for poets to succeed without ambition. Dryden. Spenser endeavored it in Shepherd's Kalendar; but neither will it succeed in English. Dryden.
5. To go under cover. [A latinism. Obs.] Will you to the cooler cave succeed! Dryden.
Syn. -- To follow; pursue. See Follow.
SUCCEEDANT Suc*ceed"ant, a. (Her.)
Defn: Succeeding one another; following.
SUCCEEDER Suc*ceed"er, n.
Defn: A successor. Shak. Tennyson.
SUCCEEDING Suc*ceed"ing, n.
Defn: The act of one who, or that which, succeeds; also, that which succeeds, or follows after; consequence. Shak.
SUCCENTOR Suc"cen*tor, n. Etym: [LL., an accompanier in singing, fr. succinere to sing, to accompany; sub under, after + canere to sing.] (Eccl.)
Defn: A subchanter.
SUCCESS Suc*cess", n. Etym: [L. successus: cf. F. succès. See Succeed.]
1. Act of succeeding; succession. [Obs.] Then all the sons of these five brethren reigned By due success. Spenser.
2. That which comes after; hence, consequence, issue, or result, of an endeavor or undertaking, whether good or bad; the outcome of effort. Men . . . that are like to do that, that is committed to them, and to report back again faithfully the success. Bacon. Perplexed and troubled at his bad success The tempter stood. Milton.
3. The favorable or prosperous termination of anything attempted; the attainment of a proposed object; prosperous issue. Dream of success and happy victory! Shak. Or teach with more success her son The vices of the time to shun. Waller. Military successes, above all others, elevate the minds of a people. Atterbury.
4. That which meets with, or one who accomplishes, favorable results, as a play or a player. [Colloq.]
SUCCESSARY Suc"ces*sa*ry, n.
Defn: Succession. [Obs.] My peculiar honors, not derived From successary, but purchased with my blood. Beau. & Fl.
SUCCESSFUL Suc*cess"ful, a.
Defn: Resulting in success; assuring, or promotive of, success; accomplishing what was proposed; having the desired effect; hence, prosperous; fortunate; happy; as, a successful use of medicine; a successful experiment; a successful enterprise. Welcome, nephews, from successful wars. Shak.
Syn. -- Happy; prosperous; fortunate; auspicious; lucky. See Fortunate. -- Suc*cess"ful*ly, adv. -- Suc*cess"ful*ness, n.
SUCCESSION Suc*ces"sion, n. Etym: [L. successio: cf. F. succession. See Succeed.]
1. The act of succeeding, or following after; a following of things in order of time or place, or a series of things so following; sequence; as, a succession of good crops; a succession of disasters.
2. A series of persons or things according to some established rule of precedence; as, a succession of kings, or of bishops; a succession of events in chronology. He was in the succession to an earldom. Macaulay.
3. An order or series of descendants; lineage; race; descent. "A long succession must ensue." Milton.
4. The power or right of succeeding to the station or title of a father or other predecessor; the right to enter upon the office, rank, position, etc., held ny another; also, the entrance into the office, station, or rank of a predecessor; specifically, the succeeding, or right of succeeding, to a throne. You have the voice of the king himself for your succession in Denmark. Shak. The animosity of these factions did not really arise from the dispute about the succession. Macaulay.
5. The right to enter upon the possession of the property of an ancestor, or one near of kin, or one preceding in an established order.
6. The person succeeding to rank or office; a successor or heir. [R.] Milton. Apostolical succession. (Theol.) See under Apostolical. -- Succession duty, a tax imposed on every succession to property, according to its value and the relation of the person who succeeds to the previous owner. [Eng.] -- Succession of crops. (Agric.) See Rotation of crops, under Rotation.
SUCCESSIONAL Suc*ces"sion*al, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a succession; existing in a regular order; consecutive. "Successional teeth." Flower. -- Suc*ces"sion*al*ly, adv.
SUCCESSIONIST Suc*ces"sion*ist, n.
Defn: A person who insists on the importance of a regular succession of events, offices, etc.; especially (Eccl.), one who insists that apostolic succession alone is valid.
SUCCESSIVE Suc*ces"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. successif. See Succeed.]
1. Following in order or in uninterrupted course; coming after without interruption or interval; following one after another in a line or series; consecutive; as, the successive revolution of years; the successive kings of Egypt; successive strokes of a hammer. Send the successive ills through ages down. Prior.
2. Having or giving the right of succeeding to an inheritance; inherited by succession; hereditary; as, a successive title; a successive empire. [Obs.] Shak. Successive induction. (Math.) See Induction, 5.
SUCCESSIVELY Suc*ces"sive*ly, adv.
Defn: In a successive manner. The whiteness, at length, changed successively into blue, indigo, and violet. Sir I. Newton.
SUCCESSIVENESS Suc*ces"sive*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being successive.
SUCCESSLESS Suc*cess"less, a.
Defn: Having no success. Successless all her soft caresses prove. Pope. -- Suc*cess"less*ly, adv. -- Suc*cess"less*ness, n.
SUCCESSOR Suc*ces"sor, n. Etym: [OE. successour, OF. successur, successor, F. successeur, L. successor. See Succeed.]
Defn: One who succeeds or follows; one who takes the place which another has left, and sustains the like part or character; -- correlative to predecessor; as, the successor of a deceased king. Chaucer. A gift to a corporation, either of lands or of chattels, without naming their successors, vests an absolute property in them so lond as the corporation subsists. Blackstone.
SUCCIDUOUS Suc*cid"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. succiduus, fr. succidere to fall under.]
Defn: Ready to fall; falling. [R.]
SUCCIFEROUS Suc*cif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. succus, sucus, juice, sap + -ferous.]
Defn: Producing or conveying sap.
SUCCINAMATE Suc`cin*am"ate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of succinamic acid.
SUCCINAMIC Suc`cin*am"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid amide derivative of succinic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance, and forming a series of salts.
SUCCINATE Suc"ci*nate, n. Etym: [L. succinum, sucinum, amber, from succus, sucus, juice, sap: cf. F. succinate.] (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of succinic acid.
SUCCINCT Suc*cinct", a. Etym: [L. succinctus, p.p. of succingere to gird below or from below, to tuck up; sub + cingere to gird. Cf. Cincture.]
1. Girded or tucked up; bound; drawn tightly together. His habit fit for speed succinct. Milton.
2. Compressed into a narrow compass; brief; concise. Let all your precepts be succinct and clear. Roscommon. The shortest and most succinct model that ever grasped all the needs and necessities of mankind. South.
Syn. -- Short; brief; concise; summary; compendious; laconic; terse. -- Suc*cinct"ly, adv. -- Suc*cinct"ness, n.
SUCCINIC Suc*cin"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. succinique. See Succinate.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, amber; specif., designating a dibasic acid, C
SUCCINIMIDE Suc`cin*im"ide, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A white crystalline nitrogenous substance, C2H4.(CO)2.NH, obtained by treating succinic anhydride with ammonia gas. It is a typical imido acid, and forms a series of salts. See Imido acid, under Imido.
SUCCINITE Suc"ci*nite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. succinite.] (Min.) (a) Amber. (b) A garnet of an amber color.
SUCCINOUS Suc"ci*nous, a. Etym: [From L. succinum amber.]
Defn: Succinic. [R.]
SUCCINURATE Suc`cin*u"rate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of succinuric acid.
SUCCINURIC Suc`cin*u"ric, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid amide, analogous to succinamic acid, which is obtained as a white crystalline substance by heating urea with succinic anhydride. It is known also in its salts.
SUCCINYL Suc"cin*yl, n. Etym: [Succinic + -yl.] (Chem.)
Defn: A hypothetical radical characteristic of succinic acid and certain of its derivatives.
SUCCISE Suc*cise", a. Etym: [See Succision.] (Bot.)
Defn: Appearing as if a part were cut off at the extremity.
SUCCISION Suc*ci"sion, n. Etym: [L. succisio, fr. succidere, succisum, to cut away below, sub under + caedere to cut.]
Defn: The act of cutting down, as of trees; the act of cutting off. [R.]
SUCCOR Suc"cor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Succored; p. pr. & vb. n. Succoring.] Etym: [OE. socouren, OF. sucurre, soucourre, secorre, F. secourir, L. succurrere, succursum, to run under, run to the aid of, help, succor; sub under + currere to run. See Current.]
Defn: tiono run to, or run to support; hence, to help or relieve when in difficulty, want, or distress; to assist and deliver from suffering; to relieve; as, to succor a besieged city. [Written also succour.] He is able to succor them that are tempted. Heb. ii. 18.
Syn. -- To aid; assist; relieve; deliver; help; comfort.
SUCCOR Suc"cor, n. Etym: [OE. socours, sucurs, OF. sucurs, socors, secors, F. secours, L. succursus, fr. L. succurrere. See Succor, v. t.]
1. Aid; help; assistance; esp., assistance that relieves and delivers from difficulty, want, or distress. "We beseech mercy and succor." Chaucer. My noble father . . . Flying for succor to his servant Bannister. Shak.
2. The person or thing that brings relief. This mighty succor, which made glad the foe. Dryden.
SUCCORABLE Suc"cor*a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being succored or assisted; admitting of relief.
SUCCORER Suc"cor*er, n.
Defn: One who affords succor; a helper.
SUCCORLESS Suc"cor*less, a.
Defn: Destitute of succor. Thomson.
SUCCORY Suc"co*ry, n. Etym: [Corrupted from chicory.] (Bot.)
Defn: A plant of the genus Cichorium. See Chicory.
SUCCOTASH Suc"co*tash, n. Etym: [Narragansett Indian m'sickquatash corn boiled whole.]
Defn: Green maize and beans boiled together. The dish is borrowed from the native Indians. [Written also suckatash.]
SUCCOTEAGUE Suc`co*teague", n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The squeteague.
SUCCUBA Suc"cu*ba, n.; pl. Succubæ. Etym: [NL., fr. L. succubare to lie under; sub under + cubare to lie down; cf. L. succuba, succubo, one who lies under another.]
Defn: A female demon or fiend. See Succubus. Though seeming in shape a woman natural Was a fiend of the kind that succubæ some call. Mir. for Mag.
SUCCUBINE Suc"cu*bine, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to succuba.
SUCCUBOUS Suc"cu*bous, a. Etym: [See Succuba.] (Bot.)
Defn: Having the leaves so placed that the upper part of each one is covered by the base of the next higher leaf, as in hepatic mosses of the genus Plagiochila.
SUCCUBUS Suc"cu*bus, n.; pl. Succubi. Etym: [See Succuba.]
1. A demon or fiend; especially, a lascivious spirit supposed to have sexual intercourse with the men by night; a succuba. Cf. Incubus.
2. (Med.)
Defn: The nightmare. See Nightmare, 2.
SUCCULA Suc"cu*la, n. Etym: [L. sucula a winch, windlass, capstan.] (Mach.)
Defn: A bare axis or cylinder with staves or levers in it to turn it round, but without any drum.
SUCCULENCE; SUCCULENCY Suc"cu*lence, Suc"cu*len*cy, n. Etym: [See Succulent.]
Defn: The quality or condition of being succulent; juiciness; as, the succulence of a peach.
SUCCULENT Suc"cu*lent, a. Etym: [L. succulentus, suculentus, fr. succus, sucus, juice; perhaps akin to E. suck: cf. F. succulent.]
Defn: Full of juice; juicy. Succulent plants (Bot.), plants which have soft and juicy leaves or stems, as the houseleek, the live forever, and the species of Mesembryanthemum.
SUCCULENTLY Suc"cu*lent*ly, adv.
Defn: In a succulent manner.
SUCCULOUS Suc"cu*lous, a.
Defn: Succulent; juicy. [R.]
SUCCUMB Suc*cumb", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Succumbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Succumbing.] Etym: [L. succumbere; sub under + cumbere (in comp.), akin to cubare to lie down. See Incumbent, Cubit.]
Defn: To yield; to submit; to give up unresistingly; as, to succumb under calamities; to succumb to disease.
SUCCUMBENT Suc*cum"bent, a. Etym: [L. succumbens, p.pr.]
Defn: Submissive; yielding. [R.] Howell.
SUCCURSAL Suc*cur"sal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. succursale. See Succor, n. & v. t.]
Defn: Serving to aid or help; serving as a chapel of ease; tributary. [R.] Not a city was without its cathedral, surrounded by its succursal churches, its monasteries, and convents. Milman.
SUCCUS Suc"cus, n.; pl. Succi (. (Med.)
Defn: The expressed juice of a plant, for medicinal use. Succus entericus (. Etym: [NL., literally, juice of the intestines.] (Physiol.) A fluid secreted in small by certain glands (probably the glands of Lieberkühn) of the small intestines. Its exact action is somewhat doubtful.
SUCCUSSATION Suc`cus*sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. succussare to jolt, v. intens. fr. succutere, succussum, to fling up from below, to toss up; sub under + quatere to shake.]
1. A trot or trotting. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
2. A shaking; succussion.
SUCCUSSION Suc*cus"sion, n. Etym: [L. succussio, from succutere: cf. F. succussion. See Succussation.]
Defn: The act of shaking; a shake; esp. (Med.), a shaking of the body to ascertain if there be a liquid in the thorax.
SUCCUSSIVE Suc*cus"sive, a.
Defn: Characterized by a shaking motion, especially an up and down movement, and not merely tremulous oscillation; as, the succussive motion in earthquakes.
SUCH Such, a. Etym: [OE. such, sich, sech, sik, swich, swilch, swulch, swilc, swulc, AS. swelc, swilc, swylc; akin to OFries. selik, D. zulk, OS. sulic, OHG. sulih, solih, G. solch, Icel. slikr, OSw. salik, Sw. slik, Dan. slig, Goth. swaleiks; originally meaning, so shaped. *192. See So, Like, a., and cf. Which.]
1. Of that kind; of the like kind; like; resembling; similar; as, we never saw such a day; -- followed by that or as introducing the word or proposition which defines the similarity, or the standard of comparison; as, the books are not such that I can recommend them, or, not such as I can recommend; these apples are not such as those we saw yesterday; give your children such precepts as tend to make them better. And in his time such a conqueror That greater was there none under the sun. Chaucer. His misery was such that none of the bystanders could refrain from weeping. Macaulay.
Note: The indefinite article a or an never precedes such, but is placed between it and the noun to which it refers; as, such a man; such an honor. The indefinite adjective some, several, one, few, many, all, etc., precede such; as, one such book is enough; all such people ought to be avoided; few such ideas were then held.
2. Having the particular quality or character specified. That thou art happy, owe to God; That thou continuest such, owe to thyself. Milton.
3. The same that; -- with as; as, this was the state of the kingdom at such time as the enemy landed. "[It] hath such senses as we have." Shak.
4. Certain; -- representing the object as already particularized in terms which are not mentioned. In rushed one and tells him such a knight Is new arrived. Daniel. To-day or to-morrow we will go into such a city, and continue there a year. James iv. 13.
Note: Such is used pronominally. "He was the father of such as dwell in tents." Gen. iv. 20. "Such as I are free in spirit when our limbs are chained." Sir W. Scott. Such is also used before adjectives joined to substantives; as, the fleet encountered such a terrible storm that it put back. "Everything was managed with so much care, and such excellent order was observed." De Foe. Temple sprung from a family which . . . long after his death produced so many eminent men, and formed such distinguished alliances, that, etc. Macaulay. Such is used emphatically, without the correlative. Now will he be mocking: I shall have such a life. Shak. Such was formerly used with numerals in the sense of times as much or as many; as, such ten, or ten times as many. Such and such, or Such or such, certain; some; -- used to represent the object indefinitely, as already particularized in one way or another, or as being of one kind or another. "In such and such a place shall be my camp." 2 Kings vi. 8. "Sovereign authority may enact a law commanding such and such an action." South. -- Such like or character, of the like kind. And many other such like things ye do. Mark vii. 8.
SUCHOSPONDYLOUS Su`cho*spon"dy*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having dorsal vertebræ with long and divided transverse processes; -- applied to certain reptiles.
SUCHWISE Such"wise`, adv.
Defn: In a such a manner; so.
SUCK Suck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sucked; p. pr. & vb. n. Sucking.] Etym: [OE. suken, souken, AS. s, s; akin to D. zuigen, G. saugen, OHG. s, Icel. s, sj, Sw. suga, Dan. suge, L. sugere. Cf. Honeysuckle, Soak, Succulent, Suction.]
1. To draw, as a liquid, by the action of the mouth and tongue, which tends to produce a vacuum, and causes the liquid to rush in by atmospheric pressure; to draw, or apply force to, by exhausting the air.
2. To draw liquid from by the action of the mouth; as, to suck an orange; specifically, to draw milk from (the mother, the breast, etc.) with the mouth; as, the young of an animal sucks the mother, or dam; an infant sucks the breast.
3. To draw in, or imbibe, by any process resembles sucking; to inhale; to absorb; as, to suck in air; the roots of plants suck water from the ground.
4. To draw or drain. Old ocean, sucked through the porous globe. Thomson.
5. To draw in, as a whirlpool; to swallow up. As waters are by whirlpools sucked and drawn. Dryden. To suck in, to draw into the mouth; to imbibe; to absorb. -- To suck out, to draw out with the mouth; to empty by suction. -- To suck up, to draw into the mouth; to draw up by suction absorption.
SUCK Suck, v. i.
1. To draw, or attempt to draw, something by suction, as with the mouth, or through a tube. Where the bee sucks, there suck I. Shak.
2. To draw milk from the breast or udder; as, a child, or the young of an animal, is first nourished by sucking.
3. To draw in; to imbibe; to partake. The crown had sucked too hard, and now, being full, was like to draw less. Bacon.
SUCK Suck, n.
1. The act of drawing with the mouth.
2. That which is drawn into the mouth by sucking; specifically, mikl drawn from the breast. Shak.
3. A small draught. [Colloq.] Massinger.
4. Juice; succulence. [Obs.]
SUCKANHOCK Suck"an*hock, n. Etym: [Of American Indian origin.]
Defn: A kind of seawan. See Note under Seawan.
SUCKATASH Suck"a*tash, n.
Defn: See Succotash. Bartlett.
SUCKEN Suck"en, n. Etym: [See Socome, Soc.] (Scots Law)
Defn: The jurisdiction of a mill, or that extent of ground astricted to it, the tenants of which are bound to bring their grain thither to be ground.
SUCKER Suck"er, n.
1. One who, or that which, sucks; esp., one of the organs by which certain animals, as the octopus and remora, adhere to other bodies.
2. A suckling; a sucking animal. Beau. & Fl.
3. The embolus, or bucket, of a pump; also, the valve of a pump basket. Boyle.
4. A pipe through which anything is drawn.
5. A small piece of leather, usually round, having a string attached to the center, which, when saturated with water and pressed upon a stone or other body having a smooth surface, adheres, by reason of the atmospheric pressure, with such force as to enable a considerable weight to be thus lifted by the string; -- used by children as a plaything.
6. (Bot.)
Defn: A shoot from the roots or lower part of the stem of a plant; -- so called, perhaps, from diverting nourishment from the body of the plant.
7. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of numerous species of North American fresh-water cyprinoid fishes of the family Catostomidæ; so called because the lips are protrusile. The flesh is coarse, and they are of little value as food. The most common species of the Eastern United States are the northern sucker (Catostomus Commersoni), the white sucker (C. teres), the hog sucker (C. nigricans), and the chub, or sweet sucker (Erimyzon sucetta). Some of the large Western species are called buffalo fish, red horse, black horse, and suckerel. (b) The remora. (c) The lumpfish. (d) The hagfish, or myxine. (e) A California food fish (Menticirrus undulatus) closely allied to the kingfish (a); -- called also bagre.
8. A parasite; a sponger. See def. 6, above. They who constantly converse with men far above their estates shall reap shame and loss thereby; if thou payest nothing, they will count thee a sucker, no branch. Fuller.
9. A hard drinker; a soaker. [Slang]
10. A greenhorn; one easily gulled. [Slang, U.S.]
11. A nickname applied to a native of Illinois. [U. S.] Carp sucker, Cherry sucker, etc. See under Carp, Cherry, etc. -- Sucker fish. See Sucking fish, under Sucking. -- Sucker rod, a pump rod. See under Pump. -- Sucker tube (Zoöl.), one of the external ambulacral tubes of an echinoderm, -- usually terminated by a sucker and used for locomotion. Called also sucker foot. See Spatangoid.
SUCKER Suck"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suckered; p. pr. & vb. n. Suckering.]
Defn: To strip off the suckers or shoots from; to deprive of suckers; as, to sucker maize.
SUCKER Suck"er, v. i.
Defn: To form suckers; as, corn suckers abundantly.
SUCKER STATE Suck"er State.
Defn: Illinois; -- a nickname.
SUCKET Suck"et, n. Etym: [Cf. Suck, v. t., Succades.]
Defn: A sweetmeat; a dainty morsel. Jer. Taylor.
SUCKFISH Suck"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A sucker fish.
SUCKING Suck"ing, a.
Defn: Drawing milk from the mother or dam; hence, colloquially, young, inexperienced, as, a sucking infant; a sucking calf. I suppose you are a young barrister, sucking lawyer, or that sort of thing. Thackeray. Sucking bottle, a feeding bottle. See under Bottle. -- Sucking fish (Zoöl.), the remora. See Remora. Baird. -- Sucking pump, a suction pump. See under Suction. -- Sucking stomach (Zoöl.), the muscular first stomach of certain insects and other invertebrates which suck liquid food.
SUCKLE Suc"kle, n.
Defn: A teat. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.
SUCKLE Suc"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suckled; p. pr. & vb. n. Suckling.] Etym: [Freq. of suck.]
Defn: To give suck to; to nurse at the breast. Addison. The breasts of Hecuba When she did suckle Hector, looked not lovelier. Shak. They are not weak, suckled by Wisdom. Landor.
SUCKLE Suc"kle, v. i.
Defn: To nurse; to suck. [R.]
SUCKLER Suc"kler, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: An animal that suckles its young; a mammal.
SUCKLING Suck"ling, n. Etym: [OE. sokeling. See Suck, v. t.]
1. A young child or animal nursed at the breast.
2. A small kind of yellow clover (Trifolium filiforme) common in Southern Europe.
SUCRATE Su"crate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A compound of sucrose (or of some related carbohydrate) with some base, after the analogy of a salt; as, sodium sucrate.
SUCRE Su"cre, n.
Defn: A silver coin of Ecuador, worth 68 cents.
SUCROSE Su"crose`, n. Etym: [F. sucre sugar. See Sugar.] (Chem.)
Defn: A common variety of sugar found in the juices of many plants, as the sugar cane, sorghum, sugar maple, beet root, etc. It is extracted as a sweet, white crystalline substance which is valuable as a food product, and, being antiputrescent, is largely used in the preservation of fruit. Called also saccharose, cane sugar, etc. By extension, any one of the class of isomeric substances (as lactose, maltose, etc.) of which sucrose proper is the type.
Note: Sucrose proper is a dextrorotatory carbohydrate, C12H22O11. It does not reduce Fehling's solution, and though not directly fermentable, yet on standing with yeast it is changed by the diastase present to invert sugar (dextrose and levulose), which then breaks down to alcohol and carbon dioxide. It is also decomposed to invert sugar by heating with acids, whence it is also called a disaccharate. Sucrose possesses at once the properties of an alcohol and a ketone, and also forms compounds (called sucrates) analogous to salts. Cf. Sugar.
SUCTION Suc"tion, n. Etym: [L. sugere, suctum, to suck; cf. OF. suction. See Suck, v. t.]
Defn: The act or process of sucking; the act of drawing, as fluids, by exhausting the air. Suction chamber, the chamber of a pump into which the suction pipe delivers. -- Suction pipe, Suction valve, the induction pipe, and induction valve, of a pump, respectively. -- Suction pump, the common pump, in which the water is raised into the barrel by atmospheric pressure. See Illust. of Pump.
SUCTORIA Suc*to"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Suction.] (Zoöl.)
1. An order of Infusoria having the body armed with somewhat stiff, tubular processes which they use as suckers in obtaining their food. They are usually stalked.
2. Same as Rhizocephala.
SUCTORIAL Suc*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. sugere, suctum, to suck.]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Adapted for sucking; living by sucking; as, the humming birds are suctorial birds.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Capable of adhering by suction; as, the suctorial fishes.
SUCTORIAN Suc*to"ri*an, n.
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A cartilaginous fish with a mouth adapted for suction, as the lampery.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the Suctoria.
SUCTORIOUS Suc*to"ri*ous, a.
Defn: Suctorial. [R.]
SUDAMINA Su*dam"i*na, n. pl, sing. Sudamen (. Etym: [NL. sudamen, -inis, fr. sudare to sweat. See Sweat.] (Med.)
Defn: Minute vesicles surrounded by an area of reddened skin, produced by excessive sweating.
SUDARIUM Su*da"ri*um, n. Etym: [L., a handkerchief.] (Eccl.)
Defn: The handkerchief upon which the Savior is said to have impressed his own portrait miraculously, when wiping his face with it, as he passed to the crucifixion.
SUDARY Su"da*ry, n. Etym: [L. sudarium, fr. sudare to sweat. See Sweat.]
Defn: A napkin or handkerchief. [Obs. or R.] Wyclif. R. Browning.
SUDATION Su*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. sudatio, fr. sudare to sweat: cf. F. sudation.]
Defn: A sweating. [Obs.]
SUDATORIUM Su`da*to"ri*um, n.; pl. Sudatoria. Etym: [L.]
Defn: A sudatory. Dunglison.
SUDATORY Su"da*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. sudatorius, fr. sudare to sweat: cf. F. sudatoire. See Sweat.]
Defn: Sweating; perspiring.
SUDATORY Su"da*to*ry, n.; pl. Sudatories. Etym: [L. sudatorium.]
Defn: A bagnio; a sweating bath; a vapor bath. These sudatories are much in request for many infirmities. Evelyn.
SUDD Sudd (sud), n. [Ar. sadd barrier.]
Defn: A tangled mass of floating vegetal matter obstructing navigation. [Central Africa]
SUDDEN Sud"den, a. Etym: [OE. sodian, sodein, OF. sodain, sudain, F. soudain, L. subitaneus, fr. subitus sudden, that has come unexpectedly, p.p. of subire to come on, to steal upon; sub under, secretly + ire to go. See Issue, and cf. Subitaneous.]
1. Happening without previous notice or with very brief notice; coming unexpectedly, or without the common preparation; immediate; instant; speedy. "O sudden wo!" Chaucer. "For fear of sudden death." Shak. Sudden fear troubleth thee. Job xxii. 10.
2. Hastly prepared or employed; quick; rapid. Never was such a sudden scholar made. Shak. The apples of Asphaltis, appearing goodly to the sudden eye. Milton.
3. Hasty; violent; rash; precipitate. [Obs.] Shak.
Syn. -- Unexpected; unusual; abrupt; unlooked-for. -- Sud"den*ly, adv. -- Sud"den*ness, n.
SUDDEN Sud"den, adv.
Defn: Suddenly; unexpectedly. [R.] Herbs of every leaf that sudden flowered. Milton.
SUDDEN Sud"den, n.
Defn: An unexpected occurrence; a surprise. All of a sudden, On a sudden, Of a sudden, sooner than was expected; without the usual preparation; suddenly. How art thou lost! how on a sudden lost! Milton. He withdrew his opposition all of a sudden. Thackeray.
SUDDENTY Sud"den*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. soudaineté.]
Defn: Suddenness; a sudden. [Scot.] On a suddenty, on a sudden. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
SUDORAL Su"dor*al, a. Etym: [L. sudor.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to sweat; as, sudoral eruptions.
SUDORIFEROUS Su`dor*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. sudor sweat + -ferous.] (Physiol.)
Defn: Producing, or secreting, sweat; sudoriparous. Sudoriferous glands (Anat.), small convoluted tubular glands which are situated in the subcutaneous tissues and discharge by minute orifices in the surface of the skin; the sweat glands.
SUDORIFIC Su`dor*if"ic, a. Etym: [L. sudor sweat (akin to E. sweat) + facere to make.]
Defn: Causing sweat; as, sudorific herbs. -- n.
Defn: A sudorific medicine. Cf. Diaphoretic.
SUDORIPAROUS Su`dor*ip"a*rous, a. Etym: [L. sudor sweat + parere to produce.] (Physiol.)
Defn: Same as Sudoriferous.
SUDOROUS Su"dor*ous, a. Etym: [L. sudorus, fr. sudor sweat.]
Defn: Consisting of sweat. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
SUDRA Su"dra, n. Etym: [Skr. ç.]
Defn: The lowest of the four great castes among the Hindoos. See Caste. [Written also Soorah, Soodra, and Sooder.]
SUDS Suds, n. pl. Etym: [Akin to sodden, seethe. See Seethe.]
Defn: Water impregnated with soap, esp. when worked up into bubbles and froth. In the suds, in turmoil or difficulty. [Colloq.] Beau. & Fl.
SUE Sue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sued; p. pr. & vb. n. Suing.] Etym: [OE. suen, sewen, siwen, OF. sivre (pres.ind. 3d sing. il siut, suit, he follows, nous sevons we follow), LL. sequere, for L. sequi, secutus; akin to Gr. sac to accompany, and probably to E. see, v.t. See See, v. t., and cf. Consequence, Ensue, Execute, Obsequious, Pursue, Second, Sect in religion, Sequence, Suit.]
1. To follow up; to chase; to seek after; to endeavor to win; to woo. For yet there was no man that haddle him sued. Chaucer. I was beloved of many a gentle knight, And sued and sought with all the service due. Spenser. Sue me, and woo me, and flatter me. Tennyson.
2. (Law) (a) To seek justice or right from, by legal process; to institute process in law against; to bring an action against; to prosecute judicially. (b) To proceed with, as an action, and follow it up to its proper termination; to gain by legal process.
3. (Falconry)
Defn: To clean, as the beak; -- said of a hawk.
4. (Naut.)
Defn: To leave high and dry on shore; as, to sue a ship. R. H. Dana, Jr. To sue out (Law), to petition for and take out, or to apply for and obtain; as, to sue out a writ in chancery; to sue out a pardon for a criminal.
SUE Sue, v. i.
1. To seek by request; to make application; to petition; to entreat; to plead. By adverse destiny constrained to sue For counsel and redress, he sues to you. Pope. Cæsar came to Rome to sue for the double honor of a triumph and the consulship. C. Middleton. The Indians were defeated and sued for peace. Jefferson.
2. (Law)
Defn: To prosecute; to make legal claim; to seek (for something) in law; as, to sue for damages.
3. To woo; to pay addresses as a lover. Massinger.
4. (Naut.)
Defn: To be left high and dry on the shore, as a ship. R. H. Dana, Jr.
SUEDE Suède (swayd or swâd), n. [F., Sweden.]
Defn: Swedish glove leather, --usually made from lambskins tanned with willow bark. Also used adjectively; as, suède gloves.
SUENT Su"ent, a.
Defn: Uniformly or evenly distributed or spread; even; smooth. See Suant. Thoreau.
SUENTLY Su"ent*ly, adv.
Defn: Evenly; smoothly.
SUER Su"er, n.
Defn: One who sues; a suitor.
SUET Su"et, n. Etym: [OE. suet, dim. fr. OF. seu, suif, F. suif, L. sebum. Cf. Soap, Sebaceous.]
Defn: The fat and fatty tissues of an animal, especially the harder fat about the kidneys and loins in beef and mutton, which, when melted and freed from the membranes, forms tallow.
SUETY Su"et*y, a.
Defn: Consisting of, or resembling, suet; as, a suety substance.
SUF- Suf-.
Defn: A form of the prefix Sub-.
SUFFER Suf"fer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suffered; p. pr. & vb. n. Suffering.] Etym: [OE. suffren, soffren, OF. sufrir, sofrir, F. souffrir, (assumed) LL. sofferire, for L. sufferre; sub under + ferre to bear, akin to E. bear. See Bear to support.]
1. To feel, or endure, with pain, annoyance, etc.; to submit to with distress or grief; to undergo; as, to suffer pain of body, or grief of mind.
2. To endure or undergo without sinking; to support; to sustain; to bear up under. Our spirit and strength entire, Strongly to suffer and support our pains. Milton.
3. To undergo; to be affected by; to sustain; to experience; as, most substances suffer a change when long exposed to air and moisture; to suffer loss or damage. If your more ponderous and settled project May suffer alteration. Shak.
4. To allow; to permit; not to forbid or hinder; to tolerate. Thou shalt in any wise rebuke thy neighbour, and not suffer sin upon him. Lev. xix. 17. I suffer them to enter and possess. Milton.
Syn. -- To permit; bear; endure; support; sustain; allow; admit; tolerate. See Permit.
SUFFER Suf"fer, v. i.
1. To feel or undergo pain of body or mind; to bear what is inconvenient; as, we suffer from pain, sickness, or sorrow; we suffer with anxiety. O well for him whose will is strong! He suffers, but he will not suffer long. Tennyson.
2. To undergo punishment; specifically, to undergo the penalty of death. The father was first condemned to suffer upon a day appointed, and the son afterwards the day following. Clarendon.
3. To be injured; to sustain loss or damage. Public business suffers by private infirmities. Sir W. Temple.
SUFFERABLE Suf"fer*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. souffrable.]
1. Able to suffer or endure; patient. [Obs.] "Ye must be sufferable." Chaucer.
2. That may be suffered, tolerated, or permitted; allowable; tolerable. -- Suf"fer*a*ble*ness, n. -- Suf"fer*a*bly, adv.
SUFFERANCE Suf"fer*ance, n. Etym: [OE. suffrance, OF. sufrance, soufrance, F. souffrance, L. sufferentia, from sufferens, -entis, p.pr. of sufferre. See Suffer.]
1. The state of suffering; the bearing of pain; endurance. He must not only die the death, But thy unkindness shall his death draw out To lingering sufferance. Shak.
2. Pain endured; misery; suffering; distress. The seeming sufferances that you had borne. Shak.
3. Loss; damage; injury. [Obs.] A grievous . . . sufferance on most part of their fleet. Shak.
4. Submission under difficult or oppressive circumstances; patience; moderation. Chaucer. But hasty heat tempering with sufferance wise. Spenser.
5. Negative consent by not forbidding or hindering; toleration; permission; allowance; leave. Shak. In their beginning they are weak and wan, But soon, through sufferance, grow to fearful end. Spenser. Somewhiles by sufferance, and somewhiles by special leave and favor, they erected to themselves oratories. Hooker.
6. A permission granted by the customs authorities for the shipment of goods. [Eng.] Estate of sufferance (Law), the holding by a tenant who came in by a lawful title, but remains, after his right has expired, without positive leave of the owner. Blackstone. -- On sufferance, by mere toleration; as, to remain in a house on sufferance.
Syn. -- Endurance; pain; misery; inconvenience; patience; moderation; toleration; permission.
SUFFERER Suf"fer*er, n.
1. One who suffers; one who endures or undergoes suffering; one who sustains inconvenience or loss; as, sufferers by poverty or sickness; men are sufferers by fire or by losses at sea.
2. One who permits or allows.
SUFFERING Suf"fer*ing, n.
Defn: The bearing of pain, inconvenience, or loss; pain endured; distress, loss, or injury incurred; as, sufferings by pain or sorrow; sufferings by want or by wrongs. "Souls in sufferings tried." Keble.
SUFFERING Suf"fer*ing, a.
Defn: Being in pain or grief; having loss, injury, distress, etc. -- Suf"fer*ing*ly, adv.
SUFFICE Suf*fice", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sufficed; p. pr. & vb. n. Sufficing.] Etym: [OE. suffisen, OF. soufire, F. suffire (cf. suffisant, p.pr.), L. sufficere to put under, to substitute, to avail for, to suffice; sub under + facere to make. See Fact.]
Defn: To be enough, or sufficient; to meet the need (of anything); to be equal to the end proposed; to be adequate. Chaucer. To recount almighty works, What words or tongue of seraph can suffice Milton.
SUFFICE Suf*fice", v. t.
1. To satisfy; to content; to be equal to the wants or demands of. Spenser. Let it suffice thee; speak no more unto me of this matter. Deut. iii. 26.
2. To furnish; to supply adequately. [Obs.] The power appeased, with winds sufficed the sail. Dryden.
SUFFICIENCE Suf*fi"cience, n.
Defn: Sufficiently. [Obs.]
SUFFICIENCY Suf*fi"cien*cy, n. Etym: [L. sufficientia: cf. F. suffisance. See Suffice.]
1. The quality or state of being sufficient, or adequate to the end proposed; adequacy. His sufficiency is such that he bestows and possesses, his plenty being unexhausted. Boyle.
2. Qualification for any purpose; ability; capacity. A substitute or most allowed sufficiency. Shak. I am not so confident of my own sufficiency as not willingly to admit the counsel of others. Eikon Basilike.
3. Adequate substance or means; competence. "An elegant sufficiency." Thomson.
4. Supply equal to wants; ample stock or fund.
5. Conceit; self-confidence; self-sufficiency. Sufficiency is a compound of vanity and ignorance. Sir W. Temple.
SUFFICIENT Suf*fi"cient, a. Etym: [L. sufficiens, -entis, p.pr. of sufficere: cf. F. suffisant. See Suffice.]
1. Equal to the end proposed; adequate to wants; enough; ample; competent; as, provision sufficient for the family; an army sufficient to defend the country. My grace is sufficient for thee. 2 Cor. xii. 9.
2. Possessing adequate talents or accomplishments; of competent power or ability; qualified; fit. Who is sufficient for these things 2 Cor. ii. 16.
3. Capable of meeting obligations; responsible. The man is, notwithstanding, sufficient . . . I think I may take his bond. Shak.
4. Self-sufficient; self-satisfied; content. [R.] Thou art the most sufficient (I'll say for thee), Not to believe a thing. Beau. & Fl.
Syn. -- Enough; adequate; competent; full; satisfactory; ample.
SUFFICIENTLY Suf*fi"cient*ly, adv.
Defn: To a sufficient degree; to a degree that answers the purpose, or gives content; enough; as, we are sufficiently supplied with food; a man sufficiently qualified for the discharge of his official duties.
SUFFICING Suf*fi"cing, a.
Defn: Affording enough; satisfying. -- Suf*fi"cing*ly, adv. -- Suf*fi"cing*ness, n.
SUFFISANCE Suf*fi"sance, n. Etym: [F. See Sufficiency.]
Defn: Sufficiency; plenty; abundance; contentment. [Obs.] He could in little thing have suffisaunce. Chaucer.
SUFFISANT Suf*fi"sant, a.
Defn: Sufficient. [Obs.]
SUFFIX Suf"fix, n. Etym: [L. suffixus, p.p. of suffigere to fasten on, to affix; sub under + figere to fix: cf. F. suffixe. See Fix.]
1. A letter, letters, syllable, or syllables added or appended to the end of a word or a root to modify the meaning; a postfix.
2. (Math.)
Defn: A subscript mark, number, or letter. See Subscript, a.
SUFFIX Suf*fix", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suffixed; p. pr. & vb. n. Suffixing.]
Defn: To add or annex to the end, as a letter or syllable to a word; to append.
SUFFIXION Suf*fix"ion, n.
Defn: The act of suffixing, or the state of being suffixed.
SUFFIXMENT Suf*fix"ment, n.
Defn: Suffixion. [R.] Earle.
SUFFLAMINATE Suf*flam"i*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. sufflaminatus, p.p. of sufflaminare to hold back by a clog, from sufflamen a clog.]
1. To retard the motion of, as a carriage, by preventing one or more of its wheels from revolving, either by means of a chain or otherwise. [Obs.]
2. Hence, to stop; to impede. [Obs.] Barrow.
SUFFLATE Suf*flate", v. t. Etym: [L. sufflatus, p.p. of sufflare to blow up, inflate; sub under + flare to blow.]
Defn: To blow up; to inflate; to inspire. [R.] T. Ward.
SUFFLATION Suf*fla"tion, n. Etym: [L. sufflatio.]
Defn: The act of blowing up or inflating. [R.] Coles.
SUFFOCATE Suf"fo*cate, a. Etym: [L. suffocatus, p.p. of suffocare to choke; sub under + fauces the throat. Cf. Faucal.]
Defn: Suffocated; choked. Shak.
SUFFOCATE Suf"fo*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suffocated; p. pr. & vb. n. Suffocating.]
1. To choke or kill by stopping respiration; to stifle; to smother. Let not hemp his windpipe suffocate. Shak.
2. To destroy; to extinguish; as, to suffocate fire.
SUFFOCATE Suf"fo*cate, v. i.
Defn: To become choked, stifled, or smothered. "A swelling discontent is apt to suffocate and strangle without passage." collier.
SUFFOCATING Suf"fo*ca`ting, a. & n.
Defn: from Suffocate, v. -- Suf"fo*ca`ting*ly, adv.
SUFFOCATION Suf`fo*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. suffocatio: cf. F. suffocation.]
Defn: The act of suffocating, or the state of being suffocated; death caused by smothering or choking.
Note: The term suffocation is sometimes employed synonymously with asphyxia. In the strict medico-legal sense it signifies asphyxia induced by obstruction of the respiration otherwise than by direct pressure on the neck (hanging, strangulation) or submersion (drowning). Quain.
SUFFOCATIVE Suf"fo*ca*tive, a.
Defn: Tending or able to choke or stifle. "Suffocative catarrhs." Arbuthnot.
SUFFOSSION Suf*fos"sion, n. Etym: [L. suffossio, from suffodere, suffossum, to dig under; sub under + fodere to dig.]
Defn: A digging under; an undermining. [R.] Bp. Hall.
SUFFRAGAN Suf"fra*gan, a. Etym: [F. suffragant, L. suffragans, p.pr. of suffragari to support with one's vote, to be favorable. See Suffrage.]
Defn: Assisting; assistant; as, a suffragan bishop.
SUFFRAGAN Suf"fra*gan, n. Etym: [F. suffragant: cf. LL. suffraganeus. See Suffragan, a.]
1. An assistant.
2. (Eccl.)
Defn: A bishop considered as an assistant, or as subject, to his metropolitan; an assistant bishop.
SUFFRAGANSHIP Suf"fra*gan*ship, n.
Defn: The office of a suffragan.
SUFFRAGANT Suf"fra*gant, a. & n.
Defn: Suffragan. [Obs.]
SUFFRAGATE Suf"fra*gate, v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Suffragated; p. pr. & vb. n. Suffragating.] Etym: [L. suffragatus, p.p. of suffragari. See Suffragan, a.]
Defn: To vote or vote with. [Obs.] "Suffragating tribes." Dryden.
SUFFRAGATOR Suf"fra*ga`tor, n. Etym: [L.]
Defn: One who assists or favors by his vote. [Obs.]
SUFFRAGE Suf"frage, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. suffragium; perhaps originally, a broken piece, a potsherd, used in voting, and fr. sub under + the root of frangere to break. See Break.]
1. A vote given in deciding a controverted question, or in the choice of a man for an office or trust; the formal expression of an opinion; assent; vote. I ask your voices and your suffrages. Shak.
2. Testimony; attestation; witness; approval. Lactantius and St. Austin confirm by their suffrage the observation made by heathen writers. Atterbury. Every miracle is the suffrage of Heaven to the truth of a doctrine. South.
3. (Eccl.) (a) A short petition, as those after the creed in matins and evensong. (b) A prayer in general, as one offered for the faithful departed. Shipley. I firmly believe that there is a purgatory, and that the souls therein detained are helped by the suffrages of the faithful. Creed of Pope Pius IV.
4. Aid; assistance. [A Latinism] [Obs.]
Defn: The right to vote; franchise.
SUFFRAGE Suf"frage, v. t.
Defn: To vote for; to elect. [Obs.] Milton.
SUFFRAGETTE Suf*fra*gette, n.
Defn: A woman who advocates the right to vote for women; a woman suffragist.
SUFFRAGINOUS Suf*frag"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. suffraginosus diseased in the hock, fr. suffrago the pastern, or hock.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to the hock of a beast. [Obs.]
SUFFRAGIST Suf"fra*gist, n.
1. One who possesses or exercises the political right of suffrage; a voter.
2. One who has certain opinions or desires about the political right of suffrage; as, a woman suffragist. It is curious that . . . Louisa Castelefort should be obliged after her marriage immediately to open her doors and turn ultra liberal, or an universal suffragist. Miss Edgeworth.
SUFFRAGO Suf*fra"go, n. Etym: [L., the hock, from sub under + frangere to break.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The heel joint.
SUFFRANCE Suf"france, n.
Defn: Sufferance. [Obs.] Chaucer.
SUFFRUTESCENT Suf`fru*tes"cent, a. Etym: [Pref. suf- + frutescent.] (Bot.)
Defn: Slightly woody at the base.
SUFFRUTICOSE Suf*fru"ti*cose`, a. Etym: [Pref. suf- + fruticose.] (Bot.)
Defn: Woody in the lower part of the stem, but with the yearly branches herbaceous, as sage, thyme, hyssop, and the like.
SUFFRUTICOUS Suf*fru"ti*cous, a.
Defn: Suffruticose.
SUFFUMIGATE Suf*fu"mi*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suffumigated; p. pr. & vb. n. Suffumigating.] Etym: [L. suffumigatus, p.p. of suffumigare to fumigate from below. See Sub-, and Fumigate.]
Defn: To apply fumes or smoke to the parts of, as to the body in medicine; to fumigate in part.
SUFFUMIGATION Suf*fu`mi*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. suffumigatio: cf. F. suffumigation.]
Defn: The operation of suffumigating.
SUFFUMIGE Suf*fu"mige, n. Etym: [LL. suffumigium.]
Defn: A medical fume. [Obs.] Harvey.
SUFFUSE Suf*fuse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suffused; p. pr. & vb. n. Suffusing.] Etym: [L. suffusus, p.p. of suffundere to overspread; sub under + fundere to pour. See Fuse to melt.]
Defn: To overspread, as with a fluid or tincture; to fill or cover, as with something fluid; as, eyes suffused with tears; cheeks suffused with blushes. When purple light shall next suffuse the skies. Pope.
SUFFUSION Suf*fu"sion, n. Etym: [L. suffusio: cf. F. suffusion.]
1. The act or process of suffusing, or state of being suffused; an overspreading. To those that have the jaundice, or like suffusion of eyes, objects appear of that color. Ray.
2. That with which a thing is suffused.
3. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A blending of one color into another; the spreading of one color over another, as on the feathers of birds.
SUFI Su"fi, n. Etym: [From the name of a dynasty of Persian kings, Safi, Safavi; said to come from name Safi-ud-din of an ancestor of the family, confused with s pious.]
Defn: A title or surname of the king of Persia.
SUFI Su"fi, n. Etym: [Ar. & Per. s, wise, pious, devout.]
Defn: One of a certain order of religious men in Persia. [Written also sofi.]
SUFISM Su"fism, n.
Defn: A refined mysticism among certain classes of Mohammedans, particularly in Persia, who hold to a kind of pantheism and practice extreme asceticism in their lives. [Written also sofism.]
SUG Sug, n.
Defn: A kind of worm or larva. Walton.
SUGAR Sug"ar, n. Etym: [OE. sugre, F. sucre (cf. It. zucchero, Sp. azúcar), fr. Ar. sukkar, assukkar, fr. Skr. çarkara sugar, gravel; cf. Per. shakar. Cf. Saccharine, Sucrose.]
1. A sweet white (or brownish yellow) crystalline substance, of a sandy or granular consistency, obtained by crystallizing the evaporated juice of certain plants, as the sugar cane, sorghum, beet root, sugar maple, etc. It is used for seasoning and preserving many kinds of food and drink. Ordinary sugar is essentially sucrose. See the Note below.
Note: The term sugar includes several commercial grades, as the white or refined, granulated, loaf or lump, and the raw brown or muscovado. In a more general sense, it includes several distinct chemical compounds, as the glucoses, or grape sugars (including glucose proper, dextrose, and levulose), and the sucroses, or true sugars (as cane sugar). All sugars are carbohydrates. See Carbohydrate. The glucoses, or grape sugars, are ketone alcohols of the formula C6H12O6, and they turn the plane of polarization to the right or the left. They are produced from the amyloses and sucroses, as by the action of heat and acids of ferments, and are themselves decomposed by fermentation into alcohol and carbon dioxide. The only sugar (called acrose) as yet produced artificially belongs to this class. The sucroses, or cane sugars, are doubled glucose anhydrides of the formula C12H22O11. They are usually not fermentable as such (cf. Sucrose), and they act on polarized light.
2. By extension, anything resembling sugar in taste or appearance; as, sugar of lead (lead acetate), a poisonous white crystalline substance having a sweet taste.
3. Compliment or flattery used to disguise or render acceptable something obnoxious; honeyed or soothing words. [Colloq.] Acorn sugar. See Quercite. -- Cane sugar, sugar made from the sugar cane; sucrose, or an isomeric sugar. See Sucrose. -- Diabetes, or Diabetic, sugar (Med. Chem.), a variety of sugar (probably grape sugar or dextrose) excreted in the urine in diabetes mellitus. -- Fruit sugar. See under Fruit, and Fructose. -- Grape sugar, a sirupy or white crystalline sugar (dextrose or glucose) found as a characteristic ingredient of ripe grapes, and also produced from many other sources. See Dextrose, and Glucose. -- Invert sugar. See under Invert. -- Malt sugar, a variety of sugar isomeric with sucrose, found in malt. See Maltose. -- Manna sugar, a substance found in manna, resembling, but distinct from, the sugars. See Mannite. -- Milk sugar, a variety of sugar characteristic of fresh milk, and isomeric with sucrose. See Lactose. -- Muscle sugar, a sweet white crystalline substance isomeric with, and formerly regarded to, the glucoses. It is found in the tissue of muscle, the heart, liver, etc. Called also heart sugar. See Inosite. -- Pine sugar. See Pinite. -- Starch sugar (Com. Chem.), a variety of dextrose made by the action of heat and acids on starch from corn, potatoes, etc.; -- called also potato sugar, corn sugar, and, inaccurately, invert sugar. See Dextrose, and Glucose. -- Sugar barek, one who refines sugar. -- Sugar beet (Bot.), a variety of beet (Beta vulgaris) with very large white roots, extensively grown, esp. in Europe, for the sugar obtained from them. -- Sugar berry (Bot.), the hackberry. -- Sugar bird (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small South American singing birds of the genera Coereba, Dacnis, and allied genera belonging to the family Coerebidæ. They are allied to the honey eaters. -- Sugar bush. See Sugar orchard. -- Sugar camp, a place in or near a sugar orchard, where maple sugar is made. -- Sugar candian, sugar candy. [Obs.] -- Sugar candy, sugar clarified and concreted or crystallized; candy made from sugar. -- Sugar cane (Bot.), a tall perennial grass (Saccharum officinarium), with thick short-jointed stems. It has been cultivated for ages as the principal source of sugar. -- Sugar loaf. (a) A loaf or mass of refined sugar, usually in the form of a truncated cone. (b) A hat shaped like a sugar loaf. Why, do not or know you, grannam, and that sugar loaf J. Webster. -- Sugar maple (Bot.), the rock maple (Acer saccharinum). See Maple. -- Sugar mill, a machine for pressing out the juice of the sugar cane, usually consisting of three or more rollers, between which the cane is passed. -- Sugar mite. (Zoöl.) (a) A small mite (Tyroglyphus sacchari), often found in great numbers in unrefined sugar. (b) The lepisma. -- Sugar of lead. See Sugar, 2, above. -- Sugar of milk. See under Milk. -- Sugar orchard, a collection of maple trees selected and preserved for purpose of obtaining sugar from them; -- called also, sometimes, sugar bush. [U.S.] Bartlett. -- Sugar pine (Bot.), an immense coniferous tree (Pinus Lambertiana) of California and Oregon, furnishing a soft and easily worked timber. The resinous exudation from the stumps, etc., has a sweetish taste, and has been used as a substitute for sugar. -- Sugar squirrel (Zoöl.), an Australian flying phalanger (Belideus sciureus), having a long bushy tail and a large parachute. It resembles a flying squirrel. See Illust. under Phlanger. -- Sugar tongs, small tongs, as of silver, used at table for taking lumps of sugar from a sugar bowl. -- Sugar tree. (Bot.) See Sugar maple, above.
SUGAR Sug"ar, v. i.
Defn: In making maple sugar, to complete the process of boiling down the sirup till it is thick enough to crystallize; to approach or reach the state of granulation; -- with the preposition off. [Local, U.S.]
SUGAR Sug"ar, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sugared; p. pr. & vb. n. Sugaring.]
1. To impregnate, season, cover, or sprinkle with sugar; to mix sugar with. "When I sugar my liquor." G. Eliot.
2. To cover with soft words; to disguise by flattery; to compliment; to sweeten; as, to sugar reproof. With devotion's visage And pious action we do sugar o'er The devil himself. Shak.
SUGARED Sug"ared, a.
Defn: Sweetened. "The sugared liquor." Spenser.
Defn: Also used figuratively; as, sugared kisses.
SUGAR-HOUSE Sug"ar-house`, n.
Defn: A building in which sugar is made or refined; a sugar manufactory.
SUGARINESS Sug"ar*i*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being sugary, or sweet.
SUGARING Sug"ar*ing, n.
1. The act of covering or sweetening with sugar; also, the sugar thus used.
2. The act or process of making sugar.
SUGARLESS Sug"ar*less, a.
Defn: Without sugar; free from sugar.
SUGARPLUM Sug"ar*plum`, n.
Defn: A kind of candy or sweetneat made up in small balls or disks.
SUGARY Sug"ar*y, a.
1. Resembling or containing sugar; tasting of sugar; sweet. Spenser.
2. Fond of sugar or sweet things; as, a sugary palate.
SUGESCENT Su*ges"cent, a. Etym: [L. sugere to suck.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to sucking. [R.] Paley.
SUGGEST Sug*gest", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suggested; p. pr. & vb. n. Suggesting.] Etym: [L. suggestus, p.p. of suggerere to put under, furnish, suggest; sub under + gerere to carry, to bring. See Jest.]
1. To introduce indirectly to the thoughts; to cause to be thought of, usually by the agency of other objects. Some ideas . . . are suggested to the mind by all the ways of sensation and reflection. Locke.
2. To propose with difference or modesty; to hint; to intimate; as, to suggest a difficulty.
3. To seduce; to prompt to evil; to tempt. [Obs.] Knowing that tender youth is soon suggested. Shak.
4. To inform secretly. [Obs.]
Syn. -- To hint; allude to; refer to; insinuate.
SUGGEST Sug*gest", v. i.
Defn: To make suggestions; to tempt. [Obs.] And ever weaker grows through acted crime, Or seeming-genial, venial fault, Recurring and suggesting still. Tennyson.
SUGGESTER Sug*gest"er, n.
Defn: One who suggests. Beau. & Fl.
SUGGESTION Sug*ges"tion, n. Etym: [F. suggestion, L. suggestio.]
1. The act of suggesting; presentation of an idea.
2. That which is suggested; an intimation; an insinuation; a hint; a different proposal or mention; also, formerly, a secret incitement; temptation. Why do I yield to that suggestion Shak.
3. Charge; complaint; accusation. [Obs.] "A false suggestion." Chaucer.
4. (Law)
Defn: Information without oath; an entry of a material fact or circumstance on the record for the information of the court, at the death or insolvency of a party.
5. (Physiol. & Metaph.)
Defn: The act or power of originating or recalling ideas or relations, distinguished as original and relative; -- a term much used by Scottish metaphysicians from Hutcherson to Thomas Brown.
Syn. -- Hint; allusion; intimation; insinuation. -- Suggestion, Hint. A hint is the briefest or most indirect mode of calling one's attention to a subject. A suggestion is a putting of something before the mind for consideration, an indirect or guarded mode of presenting argument or advice. A hint is usually something slight or covert, and may by merely negative in its character. A suggestion is ordinarily intended to furnish us with some practical assistance or direction. "He gave me a hint of my danger, and added some suggestions as to the means of avoiding it." Willing to wound, and yet afraid to strike, Just hint a fault, and hesitate dislike. Pope. Arthur, whom they say is killed to-night On your suggestion. Shak.
SUGGESTIVE Sug*gest"ive, a.
Defn: Containing a suggestion, hint, or intimation. -- Sug*gest"ive*ly, adv. -- Sug*gest"ive*ness, n.
SUGGESTIVE MEDICINE Sug*gest"ive med"i*cine.
Defn: Treatment by commands or positive statements addressed to a more or less hypnotized patient.
SUGGESTMENT Sug*gest"ment, n.
Defn: Suggestion. [R.] They fancy that every thought must needs have an immediate outward suggestment. Hare.
SUGGESTRESS Sug*gest"ress, n.
Defn: A woman who suggests. "The suggestress of suicides." De Quincey.
SUGGIL Sug"gil, v. t. Etym: [L. suggillare, sugillare, suggillatum, sugillatum, literally, to beat black and blue.]
Defn: To defame. [Obs.] Abp. Parker.
SUGGILLATE Sug"gil*late, v. t. Etym: [See Suggil.]
Defn: To beat livid, or black and blue. Wiseman.
SUGGILLATION Sug`gil*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. suggillatio: cf. F. suggillation.]
Defn: A livid, or black and blue, mark; a blow; a bruise.
SUICIDAL Su"i*ci`dal, a.
Defn: Partaking of, or of the nature of, the crime or suicide. -- Su"i*ci`dal*ly, adv.
SUICIDE Su"i*cide, n. Etym: [L. sui of one's self (akin to suus one's own) + caedere to slay, to kill. Cf. So, adv., Homicide.]
1. The act of taking one's own life voluntary and intentionally; self-murder; specifically (Law), the felonious killing of one's self; the deliberate and intentional destruction of one's own life by a person of years of discretion and of sound mind.
2. One guilty of self-murder; a felo-de-se.
3. Ruin of one's own interests. "Intestine war, which may be justly called political suicide." V. Knox.
SUICIDICAL Su`i*cid"i*cal, a.
Defn: Suicidal. [Obs.]
SUICIDISM Su"i*ci*dism, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being suicidal, or self-murdering. [R.]
SUICISM Su"i*cism, n. Etym: [L. suus one's own.]
Defn: Selfishness; egoism. [R.] Whitlock.
SUI GENERIS Su"i gen"e*ris. Etym: [L.]
Defn: Of his or its own kind.
SUILLAGE Su"il*lage, n. Etym: [OF. souillage, soillage, fr. souiller, soiller. See Soil to stain, and cf. Sullage.]
Defn: A drain or collection of filth. [Obs.] [Written also sulliage, and sullage.] Sir H. Wotton.
SUILLINE Su"il*line, a. Etym: [L. sus hog.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to a hog or the Hog family (Suidæ).
SUINE Su"ine, n. Etym: [Cf. Suint.]
Defn: A mixture of oleomargarine with lard or other fatty ingredients. It is used as a substitute for butter. See Butterine.
SUING Su"ing, n. Etym: [Cf. F. suer to sweat, L. sudare.]
Defn: The process of soaking through anything. [Obs.] Bacon.
SUINGLY Su"ing*ly, adv. Etym: [See Sue to follow.]
Defn: In succession; afterwards. [Obs.] Sir T. More.
SUINT Su"int, n. Etym: [F.] (Chem.)
Defn: A peculiar substance obtained from the wool of sheep, consisting largely of potash mixed with fatty and earthy matters. It is used as a source of potash and also for the manufacture of gas.
SUIOGOTHS Su`i*o*goths", n. pl. Etym: [L. Suiones (a Teutonic tribe in what is now Sweeden) + E. Goth.]
Defn: The Scandinavian Goths. See the Note under Goths.
SUIST Su"ist, n. Etym: [L. suus belinging to himself or to one's self.]
Defn: One who seeks for things which gratify merely himself; a selfish person; a selfist. [R.] Whitlock.
SUIT Suit, n. Etym: [OE. suite, F. suite, OF. suite, sieute, fr. suivre to follow, OF. sivre; perhaps influenced by L. secta. See Sue to follow, and cf. Sect, Suite.]
1. The act of following or pursuing, as game; pursuit. [Obs.]
2. The act of suing; the process by which one endeavors to gain an end or an object; an attempt to attain a certain result; pursuit; endeavor. Thenceforth the suit of earthly conquest shone. Spenser.
3. The act of wooing in love; the solicitation of a woman in marriage; courtship. Rebate your loves, each rival suit suspend, Till this funereal web my labors end. Pope.
4. (Law)
Defn: The attempt to gain an end by legal process; an action or process for the recovery of a right or claim; legal application to a court for justice; prosecution of right before any tribunal; as, a civil suit; a criminal suit; a suit in chancery. I arrest thee at the suit of Count Orsino. Shak. In England the several suits, or remedial instruments of justice, are distinguished into three kinds -- actions personal, real, and mixed. Blackstone.
5. That which follows as a retinue; a company of attendants or followers; the assembly of persons who attend upon a prince, magistrate, or other person of distinction; -- often written suite, and pronounced swet.
6. Things that follow in a series or succession; the individual objects, collectively considered, which constitute a series, as of rooms, buildings, compositions, etc.; -- often written suite, and pronounced swet.
7. A number of things used together, and generally necessary to be united in order to answer their purpose; a number of things ordinarily classed or used together; a set; as, a suit of curtains; a suit of armor; a suit of clothes. "Two rogues in buckram suits." Shak.
8. (Playing Cards)
Defn: One of the four sets of cards which constitute a pack; -- each set consisting of thirteen cards bearing a particular emblem, as hearts, spades, cubs, or diamonds. To deal and shuffle, to divide and sort Her mingled suits and sequences. Cowper.
9. Regular order; succession. [Obs.] Every five and thirty years the same kind and suit of weather comes again. Bacon. Out of suits, having no correspondence. [Obs.] Shak. -- Suit and service (Feudal Law), the duty of feudatories to attend the courts of their lords or superiors in time of peace, and in war to follow them and do military service; -- called also suit service. Blackstone. -- Suit broker, one who made a trade of obtaining the suits of petitioners at court. [Obs.] -- Suit court (O. Eng. Law), the court in which tenants owe attendance to their lord. -- Suit covenant (O. Eng. Law), a covenant to sue at a certain court. -- Suit custom (Law), a service which is owed from time immemorial. -- Suit service. (Feudal Law) See Suit and service, above. -- To bring suit. (Law) (a) To bring secta, followers or witnesses, to prove the plaintiff's demand. [Obs.] (b) In modern usage, to institute an action. -- To follow suit. (Card Playing) See under Follow, v. t.
SUIT Suit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suited; p. pr. & vb. n. Suiting.]
1. To fit; to adapt; to make proper or suitable; as, to suit the action to the word. Shak.
2. To be fitted to; to accord with; to become; to befit. Ill suits his cloth the praise of railing well. Dryden. Raise her notes to that sublime degree Which suits song of piety and thee. Prior.
3. To dress; to clothe. [Obs.] So went he suited to his watery tomb. Shak.
4. To please; to make content; as, he is well suited with his place; to suit one's taste.
SUIT Suit, v. i.
Defn: To agree; to accord; to be fitted; to correspond; -- usually followed by with or to. The place itself was suiting to his care. Dryden. Give me not an office That suits with me so ill. Addison.
Syn. -- To agree; accord; comport; tally; correspond; match; answer.
SUITABILITY Suit`a*bil"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being suitable; suitableness.
SUITABLE Suit"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of suiting; fitting; accordant; proper; becoming; agreeable; adapted; as, ornaments suitable to one's station; language suitable for the subject. -- Suit"a*ble*ness, n. -- Suit"a*bly, adv.
Syn. -- Proper; fitting; becoming; accordant; agreeable; competent; correspondent; compatible; consonant; congruous; consistent.
SUITE Suite, n. Etym: [F. See Suit, n.]
1. A retinue or company of attendants, as of a distinguished personage; as, the suite of an ambassador. See Suit, n., 5.
2. A connected series or succession of objects; a number of things used or clessed together; a set; as, a suite of rooms; a suite of minerals. See Suit, n., 6. Mr. Barnard took one of the candles that stood upon the king's table, and lighted his majesty through a suite of rooms till they came to a private door into the library. Boswell.
3. (Mus.)
Defn: One of the old musical forms, before the time of the more compact sonata, consisting of a string or series of pieces all in the same key, mostly in various dance rhythms, with sometimes an elaborate prelude. Some composers of the present day affect the suite form.
SUITING Suit"ing, n.
Defn: Among tailors, cloth suitable for making entire suits of clothes.
SUITOR Suit"or, n.
1. One who sues, petitions, or entreats; a petitioner; an applicant. She hath been a suitor to me for her brother. Shak.
2. Especially, one who solicits a woman in marriage; a wooer; a lover. Sir P. Sidney.
3. (a) (Law) One who sues or prosecutes a demand in court; a party to a suit, as a plaintiff, petitioner, etc. (b) (O. Eng. Law) One who attends a court as plaintiff, defendant, petitioner, appellant, witness, juror, or the like.
SUITRESS Suit"ress, n.
Defn: A female supplicant. Rowe.
SUJI Su"ji, n. Etym: [Hind. s.]
Defn: Indian wheat, granulated but not pulverized; a kind of semolina. [Written also soojee.]
SULA Su"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Icel. s the gannet. See Solan goose.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of sea birds including the booby and the common gannet.
SULCATE; SULCATED Sul"cate, Sul"ca*ted, a. Etym: [L. sulcatus, p.p. of sulcare to furrow, fr. sulcus a furrow.]
Defn: Scored with deep and regular furrows; furrowed or grooved; as, a sulcated stem.
SULCATION Sul*ca"tion, n.
Defn: A channel or furrow.
SULCIFORM Sul"ci*form, a.
Defn: Having the form of a sulcus; as, sulciform markings.
SULCUS Sul"cus, n.; pl. Sulci. Etym: [L., a furrow.]
Defn: A furrow; a groove; a fissure.
SULEAH FISH Su"le*ah fish`. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A coarse fish of India, used in making a breakfast relish called burtah.
SULK Sulk, n. Etym: [L. sulcus.]
Defn: A furrow. [Obs.]
SULK Sulk, v. i. Etym: [See Sulkiness.]
Defn: To be silently sullen; to be morose or obstinate. T. Hook.
SULKER Sulk"er, n.
Defn: One who sulks.
SULKILY Sulk"i*ly, adv.
Defn: In a sulky manner.
SULKINESS Sulk"i*ness, n. Etym: [For sulkenness, fr. AS. solcen slothful, remiss, in asolcen, besolcen, properly p.p. of sealcan in asealcan to be weak or slothful; of uncertain origin.]
Defn: The quality or state of being sulky; sullenness; moroseness; as, sulkiness of disposition.
SULKS Sulks, n. pl.
Defn: The condition of being sulky; a sulky mood or humor; as, to be in the sulks.
SULKY Sulk"y, a. [Compar. Sulkier; superl. Sulkiest.] Etym: [See Sulkiness, and cf. Sulky, n.]
Defn: Moodly silent; sullen; sour; obstinate; morose; splenetic.
Syn. -- See Sullen.
SULKY Sulk"y, n.; pl. Sulkies. Etym: [From Sulky, a.; -- so called from the owner's desire of riding alone.]
Defn: A light two-wheeled carriage for a single person.
Note: Sulky is used adjectively in the names of several agricultural machines drawn by horses to denote that the machine is provided with wheels and a seat for the driver; as, sulky plow; sulky harrow; sulky rake, etc.
SULL Sull, n. Etym: [AS. suluh, sulh, a plow; cf. OHG. suohili a little plow.]
Defn: A plow. [Obs.] Ainsworth.
SULLAGE Sul"lage, n. Etym: [Cf. Suillage, Sulliage.]
1. Drainage of filth; filth collected from the street or highway; sewage. [Obs.] The streets were exceedingly large, well paved, having many vaults and conveyances under them for sullage. Evelyn.
2. That which sullies or defiles. [Obs.] It is the privilege of the celestial luminaries to receive no tincture, sullage, or difilement from the most noisome sinks and dunghills here below. South.
3. (Founding)
Defn: The scoria on the surface of molten metal in the ladle.
4. (Hydraul. Engin.)
Defn: Silt; mud deposited by water. Sullage piece (Founding), the sprue of a casting. See Sprue, n., 1 (b).
SULLEN Sul"len, a. Etym: [OE. solein, solain, lonely, sullen; through Old French fr. (assumed) LL. solanus solitary, fr. L. solus alone. See Sole, a.]
1. Lonely; solitary; desolate. [Obs.] Wyclif (Job iii. 14).
2. Gloomy; dismal; foreboding. Milton. Solemn hymns so sullen dirges change. Shak.
3. Mischievous; malignant; unpropitious. Such sullen planets at my birth did shine. Dryden.
4. Gloomily angry and silent; cross; sour; affected with ill humor; morose. And sullen I forsook the imperfect feast. Prior.
5. Obstinate; intractable. Things are as sullen as we are. Tillotson.
6. Heavy; dull; sluggish. "The larger stream was placid, and even sullen, in its course." Sir W. Scott.
Syn. -- Sulky; sour; cross; ill-natured; morose; peevish; fretful; ill- humored; petulant; gloomy; malign; intractable. -- Sullen, Sulky. Both sullen and sulky show themselves in the demeanor. Sullenness seems to be an habitual sulkiness, and sulkiness a temporary sullenness. The former may be an innate disposition; the latter, a disposition occasioned by recent injury. Thus we are in a sullen mood, and in a sulky fit. No cheerful breeze this sullen region knows; The dreaded east is all the wind that blows. Pope. -- Sul"len*ly, adv. -- Sul"len*ness, n.
SULLEN Sul"len, n.
1. One who is solitary, or lives alone; a hermit. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
2. pl.
Defn: Sullen feelings or manners; sulks; moroseness; as, to have the sullens. [Obs.] Shak.
SULLEN Sul"len, v. t.
Defn: To make sullen or sluggish. [Obs.] Sullens the whole body with . . . laziness. Feltham.
SULLEVATE Sul"le*vate, v. t. Etym: [L. sublevare to raise up. Cf. Sublevation.]
Defn: To rouse; to excite. [Obs.] Daniel.
SULLIAGE Sul"li*age, n. Etym: [Cf. Sullage, Suillage, or Sully, v. t.]
Defn: Foulness; filth. [Obs.] Though we wipe away with never so much care the dirt thrown at us, there will be left some sulliage behind. Gov. of Tongue.
SULLY Sul"ly, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sullied; p. pr. & vb. n. Sullying.] Etym: [OE. sulien, AS. sylian, fr. sol mire; akin to G. suhle mire, sich, sühlen to wallow, Sw. söla to bemire, Dan. söle, Goth. bisaulijan to defile.]
Defn: To soil; to dirty; to spot; to tarnish; to stain; to darken; -- used literally and figuratively; as, to sully a sword; to sully a person's reputation. Statues sullied yet with sacrilegious smoke. Roscommon. No spots to sully the brightness of this solemnity. Atterbury.
SULLY Sul"ly, v. i.
Defn: To become soiled or tarnished. Silvering will sully and canker more than gilding. Bacon.
SULLY Sul"ly, n.; pl. Sullies (.
Defn: Soil; tarnish; stain. A noble and triumphant merit breaks through little spots and sullies in his reputation. Spectator.
SULPHACID Sulph*ac"id, n. Etym: [Sulpho- + acid.] (Chem.)
Defn: An acid in which, to a greater or less extent, sulphur plays a part analogous to that of oxygen in an oxyacid; thus, thiosulphuric and sulpharsenic acids are sulphacids; -- called also sulphoacid. See the Note under Acid, n., 2.
SULPHAMATE Sulph*am"ate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sulphamic acid.
SULPHAMIC Sulph*am"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to a sulphamide; derived from, or related to, a sulphamide; specifically, designating an amido acid derivative, NH2.SO2.OH, of sulphuric acid (analogous to sulphonic acid) which is not known in the free state, but is known in its salts.
SULPHAMIDE Sulph*am"ide, n. (Chem.)
Defn: Any one of a series of amido compounds obtained by treating sulphuryl chloride with various amines.
SULPHANILIC Sulph`a*nil"ic, a. Etym: [From sulphuric + anilene.] (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an anilene sulphonic acid which is obtained as a white crystalline substance.
SULPHANTIMONATE Sulph*an`ti*mo"nate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sulphantimonic acid.
SULPHANTIMONIC Sulph*an`ti*mon"ic, a. Etym: [Sulpho- + antimonic.] (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid of antimony (called also thioantimonic acid) analogous to sulpharsenic acid.
SULPHANTIMONIOUS Sulph*an`ti*mo"ni*ous, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid of antimony (called also thioantimonious acid) analogous to sulpharsenious acid.
SULPHANTIMONITE Sulph*an"ti*mo*nite`, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sulphantimonious acid.
SULPHARSENATE Sulph*ar"se*nate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sulpharsenic acid.
SULPHARSENIC Sulph`ar*sen"ic, a. Etym: [Sulpho- + arsenic.] (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid (called also thioarsenic acid) analogous to arsenic acid, and known only in its salts.
SULPHARSENIOUS Sulph`ar*se"ni*ous, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid (called also thioarsenious acid) analogous to arsenious acid, and known only in its salts.
SULPHARSENITE Sulph*ar"se*nite, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sulpharsenious acid.
SULPHATE Sul"phate, n. Etym: [NL. sulphas, sulphatis, fr. L. sulphur, sulfur, brimstone, sulphur: cf. F. sulfate.] (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sulphuric acid.
SULPHATIC Sul*phat"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, resembling, or containing, a sulphate or sulphates.
SULPHATO- Sul"pha*to-. (Chem.)
Defn: A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting a sulphate as an ingredient in certain double salts; as, sulphato-carbonate. [R.]
SULPHAURATE Sulph*au"rate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sulphauric acid.
SULPHAURIC Sulph*au"ric, a. Etym: [Sulpho- + aurum.] (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid of gold (aurum), known only in its salts.
SULPHIDE Sul"phide, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A binary compound of sulphur, or one so regarded; -- formerly called sulphuret. Double sulphide (Chem.), a compound of two sulphides. -- Hydrogen sulphide. (Chem.) See under Hydrogen. -- Metallic sulphide, a binary compound of sulphur with a metal.
SULPHINATE Sul"phi*nate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of a sulphinic acid.
SULPHINDIGOTIC Sulph*in`di*got"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a sulphonic acid obtained, as a blue solution, by dissolving indigo in sulphuric acid; -- formerly called also cerulic sulphuric acid, but properly called indigo-disulphonic acid.
SULPHINE Sul"phine, n. (Chem.)
Defn: Any one of a series of basic compounds which consist essentially of sulphur united with hydrocarbon radicals. In general they are oily or crystalline deliquescent substances having a peculiar odor; as, trimethyl sulphine, (CH3)3S.OH. Cf. Sulphonium.
SULPHINIC Sul*phin"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, any one of a series of acids regarded as acid ethereal salts of hyposulphurous acid; as, methyl sulphinic acid, CH3.SO.OH, a thick unstable liquid.
SULPHINIDE Sul"phi*nide, n. Etym: [Sulpho- + amine + anhydride.] (Chem.)
Defn: A white or yellowish crystalline substance, C6H4.(SO2.CO).NH, produced artificially by the oxidation of a sulphamic derivative of toluene. It is the sweetest substance known, having over two hundred times the sweetening power of sugar, and is known in commerce under the name of saccharine. It has acid properties and forms salts (which are inaccurately called saccharinates). I. Remsen.
SULPHION Sul"phi*on, n. Etym: [Sulpho- + ion.] (Chem.)
Defn: A hypothetical radical, SO4, regarded as forming the acid or negative constituent of sulphuric acid and the sulphates in electrolytic decomposition; -- so called in accordance with the binary theory of salts. [Written also sulphione.]
SULPHIONIDE Sulph*i"on*ide, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A binary compound of sulphion, or one so regarded; thus, sulphuric acid, Hsulphionide.
SULPHITE Sul"phite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sulfite. See Sulphur.] (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sulphurous acid.
SULPHO- Sul"pho-. (Chem.)
Defn: A prefix (also used adjectively) designating sulphur as an ingredient in certain compounds. Cf. Thio-.
SULPHOARSENIC Sul`pho*ar*sen"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or containing, sulphur and arsenic; -- said of an acid which is the same as arsenic acid with the substitution of sulphur for oxygen.
SULPHOCARBONATE Sul`pho*car"bon*ate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sulphocarbonic acid; a thiocarbonate.
SULPHOCARBONIC Sul`pho*car*bon"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a sulphacid, H2CSO2 (called also thiocarbonic acid), or an acid, H2CS3, analogous to carbonic acid, obtained as a yellow oily liquid of a pungent odor, and forming salts.
SULPHOCYANATE Sul`pho*cy"a*nate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sulphocyanic acid; -- also called thiocyanate, and formerly inaccurately sulphocyanide. Ferric sulphocyanate (Chem.), a dark red crystalline substance usually obtained in a blood-red solution, and recognized as a test for ferric iron.
SULPHOCYANIC Sul`pho*cy*an"ic, a. Etym: [See Sulphur, Cyanic.] (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, derived from, or designating, a sulphacid, HSCN, analogous to cyanic acid, and obtained as a colorless deliquescent crystalline substance, having a bitter saline taste, and not poisonous.
SULPHOCYANIDE Sul`pho*cy"a*nide, n. (Chem.)
Defn: See Sulphocyanate.
SULPHOCYANOGEN Sul`pho*cy*an"o*gen, n. (Chem.)
Defn: See Persulphocyanogen. [Obs.]
SULPHONAL Sul"pho*nal, n. (Med.)
Defn: A substance employed as a hypnotic, produced by the union of mercaptan and acetone.
SULPHONATE Sul"pho*nate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sulphonic acid.
SULPHONE Sul"phone, n. (Chem.)
Defn: Any one of a series of compounds analogous to the ketones, and consisting of the sulphuryl group united with two hydrocarbon radicals; as, dimethyl sulphone, (CH.SO
SULPHONIC Sul*phon"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, a sulphone; -- used specifically to designate any one of a series of acids (regarded as acid ethereal salts of sulphurous acid) obtained by the oxidation of the mercaptans, or by treating sulphuric acid with certain aromatic bases (as benzene); as, phenyl sulphonic acid, C6H5.SO2.OH, a stable colorless crystalline substance. Sulphonic group (Chem.), the hypothetical radical, SO2.OH, the characteristic residue of sulphonic acids.
SULPHONIUM Sul*pho"ni*um, n. Etym: [Sulphur + ammonium.] (Chem.)
Defn: A hypothetical radical, SH3, regarded as the type and nucleus of the sulphines.
SULPHOPHOSPHATE Sul`pho*phos"phate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sulphophosphoric acid.
SULPHOPHOSPHITE Sul`pho*phos"phite, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sulphophosphorous acid.
SULPHOPHOSPHORIC Sul`pho*phos*phor"ic, a.
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid of phosphorus, analogous to phosphoric acid, and known in its salts.
SULPHOPHOSPHOROUS Sul`pho*phos"phor*ous, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical acid of phosphorus, analogous to phosphorous acid, and known in its salts.
SULPHOSALT Sul"pho*salt`, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of a sulphacid.
SULPHOSTANNATE Sul`pho*stan"nate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sulphostannic acid.
SULPHOSTANNIC Sul`pho*stan"nic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a sulphacid of tin (more exactly called metasulphostannic acid), which is obtained as a dark brown amorphous substance, H
SULPHOTUNGSTATE Sul`pho*tung"state, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sulphotungstic acid.
SULPHOTUNGSTIC Sul`pho*tung"stic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, hypothetical sulphacid of tungsten (called also sulphowolframic acid), analogous to sulphuric acid, and known in its salts.
SULPHOVINIC Sul`pho*vin"ic, a. Etym: [Sulpho- + vinum wine: cf. F. sulfovinique.] (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, and formerly designating, ethylsulphuric acid.
SULPHUR Sul"phur, n. Etym: [L., better sulfur: cf. F. soufre.]
1. (Chem.)
Defn: A nonmetallic element occurring naturally in large quantities, either combined as in the sulphides (as pyrites) and sulphates (as gypsum), or native in volcanic regions, in vast beds mixed with gypsum and various earthy materials, from which it is melted out. Symbol S. Atomic weight 32. The specific gravity of ordinary octohedral sulphur is 2.05; of prismatic sulphur, 1.96.
Note: It is purified by distillation, and is obtained as a lemon- yellow powder (by sublimation), called flour, or flowers, of sulphur, or in cast sticks called roll sulphur, or brimstone. It burns with a blue flame and a peculiar suffocating odor. It is an ingredient of gunpowder, is used on friction matches, and in medicine (as a laxative and insecticide), but its chief use is in the manufacture of sulphuric acid. Sulphur can be obtained in two crystalline modifications, in orthorhombic octahedra, or in monoclinic prisms, the former of which is the more stable at ordinary temperatures. Sulphur is the type, in its chemical relations, of a group of elements, including selenium and tellurium, called collectively the sulphur group, or family. In many respects sulphur resembles oxygen.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of yellow or orange butterflies of the subfamily Pierinæ; as, the clouded sulphur (Eurymus, or Colias, philodice), which is the common yellow butterfly of the Eastern United States. Amorphous sulphur (Chem.), an elastic variety of sulphur of a resinous appearance, obtained by pouring melted sulphur into water. On standing, it passes back into a brittle crystalline modification. -- Liver of sulphur. (Old Chem.) See Hepar. -- Sulphur acid. (Chem.) See Sulphacid. -- Sulphur alcohol. (Chem.) See Mercaptan. -- Sulphur auratum Etym: [L.] (Old Chem.), a golden yellow powder, consisting of antimonic sulphide, Sb2S5, -- formerly a famous nostrum. -- Sulphur base (Chem.), an alkaline sulphide capable of acting as a base in the formation of sulphur salts according to the old dual theory of salts. [Archaic] -- Sulphur dioxide (Chem.), a colorless gas, SO2, of a pungent, suffocating odor, produced by the burning of sulphur. It is employed chiefly in the production of sulphuric acid, and as a reagent in bleaching; -- called also sulphurous anhydride, and formerly sulphurous acid. -- Sulphur ether (Chem.), a sulphide of hydrocarbon radicals, formed like the ordinary ethers, which are oxides, but with sulphur in the place of oxygen. -- Sulphur salt (Chem.), a salt of a sulphacid; a sulphosalt. -- Sulphur showers, showers of yellow pollen, resembling sulphur in appearance, often carried from pine forests by the wind to a great distance. -- Sulphur trioxide (Chem.), a white crystalline solid, SO3, obtained by oxidation of sulphur dioxide. It dissolves in water with a hissing noise and the production of heat, forming sulphuric acid, and is employed as a dehydrating agent. Called also sulphuric anhydride, and formerly sulphuric acid. -- Sulphur whale. (Zoöl.) See Sulphur-bottom. -- Vegetable sulphur (Bot.), lycopodium powder. See under Lycopodium.
SULPHURATE Sul"phu*rate, a. Etym: [L. sulphuratus, sulfuratus.]
Defn: Sulphureous. [Poetic & R.] Dr. H. More.
SULPHURATE Sul"phu*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sulphurated; p. pr. & vb. n. Sulphurating.] (Chem.)
Defn: To sulphurize. [Archaic]
SULPHURATION Sul`phu*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sulfuration, L. sulphuratio, sulfuratio, a vein of sulphur.]
Defn: The act or process of combining or impregnating with sulphur or its compounds; also, the state of being so combined or impregnated.
SULPHURATOR Sul"phu*ra`tor, n.
Defn: An apparatus for impregnating with, or exposing to the action of, sulphur; especially, an apparatus for fumigating or bleaching by means of the fumes of burning sulphur.
SULPHUR-BOTTOM Sul`phur-bot"tom, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A very large whalebone whale of the genus Sibbaldius, having a yellowish belly; especially, S. sulfureus of the North Pacific, and S. borealis of the North Atlantic; -- called also sulphur whale.
SULPHUREITY Sul`phu*re"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being sulphureous. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
SULPHUREOUS Sul*phu"re*ous, a. Etym: [L. sulphureus, sulfureus.]
Defn: Consisting of sulphur; having the qualities of sulphur, or brimstone; impregnated with sulphur. Her snakes united, sulphureous waters drink. Pope. -- Sul*phu"re*ous*ly, adv. -- Sul*phu"re*ous*ness, n.
SULPHURET Sul"phu*ret, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A sulphide; as, a sulphuret of potassium. [Obsoles.]
SULPHURETED Sul"phu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Combined or impregnated with sulphur; sulphurized. [Written also sulphuretted.] Sulphureted hydrogen. (Chem.) See Hydrogen sulphide, under Hydrogen.
SULPHURIC Sul*phu"ric, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sulfurique.]
1. Of or pertaining to sulphur; as, a sulphuric smell.
2. (Chem.)
Defn: Derived from, or containing, sulphur; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a higher valence as contrasted with the sulphurous compounds; as, sulphuric acid. Sulphuric acid. (a) Sulphur trioxide (see under Sulphur); -- formerly so called on the dualistic theory of salts. [Obs.] (b) A heavy, corrosive, oily liquid, H2SO4, colorless when pure, but usually yellowish or brownish, produced by the combined action of sulphur dioxide, oxygen (from the air), steam, and nitric fumes. It attacks and dissolves many metals and other intractable substances, sets free most acids from their salts, and is used in the manufacture of hydrochloric and nitric acids, of soda, of bleaching powders, etc. It is also powerful dehydrating agent, having a strong affinity for water, and eating and corroding paper, wood, clothing, etc. It is thus used in the manufacture of ether, of imitation parchment, and of nitroglycerin. It is also used in etching iron, in removing iron scale from forgings, in petroleum refining, etc., and in general its manufacture is the most important and fundamental of all the chemical industries. Formerly called vitriolic acid, and now popularly vitriol, and oil of vitriol. -- Fuming sulphuric acid, or Nordhausen sulphuric acid. See Disulphuric acid, under Disulphuric. -- Sulphuric anhydride, sulphur trioxide. See under Sulphur. -- Sulphuric ether, common anæsthetic ether; -- so called because made by the catalytic action of sulphuric acid on alcohol. See Ether, 3 (a).
SULPHURINE Sul"phur*ine, a.
Defn: Sulphureous. [R.]
SULPHURING Sul"phur*ing, n.
Defn: Exposure to the fumes of burning sulphur, as in bleaching; the process of bleaching by exposure to the fumes of sulphur.
SULPHURIZE Sul"phur*ize, v. t. (Chem.)
Defn: To combine or impregnate with sulphur or any of its compounds; as, to sulphurize caoutchouc in vulcanizing.
SULPHUROUS Sul"phur*ous, a. Etym: [L. sulphurosus, sulfurosus: cf. F. sulfureux.]
1. Of or pertaining to sulphur.
2. (Chem.) (a) Derived from, or containing, sulphur; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a lower valence as contrasted with the sulphuric compounds. (b) Having the characteristic odor of sulphur dioxide, or of hydrogen sulphide, or of other sulphur compounds. Sulphurous acid. (a) Sulphur dioxide. See under Sulphur. [Obs.] (b) An acid, H2SO3, not known in the free state except as a solution of sulphur dioxide in water, but forming a well-known series of salts (the sulphites). -- Sulphurous anhydride (Chem.), sulphur dioxide. See under Sulphur.
SULPHURWORT Sul"phur*wort`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: The hog's fennel. See under Fennel.
SULPHURY Sul"phur*y, a.
Defn: Resembling, or partaking of the nature of, sulphur; having the qualities of sulphur.
SULPHURYL Sul"phur*yl, n. Etym: [Sulphur + -yl.] (Chem.)
Defn: The hypothetical radical SO2; -- called also sulphon. Sulphuryl chloride, a chloride, pungent, fuming liquid, SO2.Cl2, obtained by the action of phosphorus pentachloride on sulphur trioxide. On treatment with water it decomposes into sulphuric and hydrochloric acids, and is hence called also sulphuric chloranhydride.
SULPHYDRATE Sul*phy"drate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A compound, analogous to a hydrate, regarded as a salt of sulphydric acid, or as a derivative of hydrogen sulphide in which one half of the hydrogen is replaced by a base (as potassium sulphydrate, KSH), or as a hydrate in which the oxygen has been wholly or partially replaced by sulphur.
SULPHYDRIC Sul*phy"dric, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, hydrogen sulphide, which is regarded as an acid, especially when in solution.
SULPICIAN Sul*pi"cian, n. Etym: [So called after the parish of St. Sulpice in Paris, of which the founder, Jean Jacques Olier, was pastor in 1643.] (R. C. Ch.)
Defn: One of an order of priests established in France in 1642 to educate men for the ministry. The order was introduced soon afterwards into Canada, and in 1791 into the United States. [Written also Sulpitian.]
SULTAN Sul"tan, n. Etym: [F. sultan (cf. Sp. soldan, It. sultano, soldano), Ar. sultan sultan, dominion. Cf. Soldan.]
Defn: A ruler, or sovereign, of a Mohammedan state; specifically, the ruler of the Turks; the Padishah, or Grand Seignior; -- officially so called. Sultan flower. (Bot.) See Sweet sultan, under Sweet.
SULTANA Sul*ta"na, n. Etym: [It.]
1. The wife of a sultan; a sultaness.
2. pl.
Defn: A kind of seedless raisin produced near Smyrna in Asiatic Turkey. Sultana bird (Zoöl.), the hyacinthine, or purple, gallinule. See Illust. under Gallinule.
SULTANATE Sul"tan*ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sultanat.]
Defn: The rule or dominion of a sultan; sultanship.
SULTANESS Sul"tan*ess, n.
Defn: A sultana.
SULTANIC Sul*tan"ic, a.
Defn: Pertaining to a sultan.
SULTAN-RED Sul"tan-red`, a.
Defn: Having a deep red color.
SULTANRY Sul"tan*ry, n.
Defn: The dominions of a sultan. Bacon.
SULTANSHIP Sul"tan*ship, n.
Defn: The office or dignity of a sultan.
SULTANY Sul"tan*y, n.
Defn: Sultanry. [Obs.] Fuller.
SULTRILY Sul"tri*ly, adv.
Defn: In a sultry manner.
SULTRINESS Sul"tri*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being sultry.
SULTRY Sul"try, a. [Compar. Sultrier; superl. Sultriest.] Etym: [From Sweltry.]
1. Very hot, burning, and oppressive; as, Libya's sultry deserts. Such as, born beneath the burning sky And sultry sun, betwixt the tropics lie. Dryden.
2. Very hot and moist, or hot, close, stagnant, and oppressive, as air. When in the sultry glebe I faint, Or on the thirsty mountain plant. Addison.
SULU Su*lu", n. [Malay Suluk.]
Defn: A member of the most prominent tribe of the Moro tribes, occupying the Sulu Archipelago; also, their language.
SUM Sum, n. Etym: [OE. summe, somme, OF. sume, some, F. somme, L. summa, fr. summus highest, a superlative from sub under. See Sub-, and cf. Supreme.]
1. The aggregate of two or more numbers, magnitudes, quantities, or particulars; the amount or whole of any number of individuals or particulars added together; as, the sum of 5 and 7 is 12. Take ye the sum of all the congregation. Num. i. 2.
Note: Sum is now commonly applied to an aggregate of numbers, and number to an aggregate of persons or things.
2. A quantity of money or currency; any amount, indefinitely; as, a sum of money; a small sum, or a large sum. "The sum of forty pound." Chaucer. With a great sum obtained I this freedom. Acts xxii. 28.
3. The principal points or thoughts when viewed together; the amount; the substance; compendium; as, this is the sum of all the evidence in the case; this is the sum and substance of his objections.
4. Height; completion; utmost degree. Thus have I told thee all my state, and brought My story to the sum of earthly bliss. Milton.
5. (Arith.)
Defn: A problem to be solved, or an example to be wrought out. Macaulay. A sum in arithmetic wherein a flaw discovered at a particular point is ipso facto fatal to the whole. Gladstone. A large sheet of paper . . . covered with long sums. Dickens. Algebraic sum, as distinguished from arithmetical sum, the aggregate of two or more numbers or quantities taken with regard to their signs, as + or -, according to the rules of addition in algebra; thus, the algebraic sum of -2, 8, and -1 is 5. -- In sum, in short; in brief. [Obs.] "In sum, the gospel . . . prescribes every virtue to our conduct, and forbids every sin." Rogers.
SUM Sum, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Summed; p. pr. & vb. n. Summing.] Etym: [Cf. F. sommer, LL. summare.]
1. To bring together into one whole; to collect into one amount; to cast up, as a column of figures; to ascertain the totality of; -- usually with up. The mind doth value every moment, and then the hour doth rather sum up the moments, than divide the day. Bacon.
2. To bring or collect into a small compass; to comprise in a few words; to condense; -- usually with up. "Go to the ant, thou sluggard," in few words sums up the moral of this fable. L'Estrange. He sums their virtues in himself alone. Dryden.
3. (Falconry)
Defn: To have (the feathers) full grown; to furnish with complete, or full-grown, plumage. But feathered soon and fledge They summed their pens [wings]. Milton. Summing up, a compendium or abridgment; a recapitulation; a résumé; a summary.
Syn. -- To cast up; collect; comprise; condense; comprehend; compute.
SUMAC; SUMACH Su"mac, Su"mach, n. Etym: [F. sumac, formerly sumach (cf. Sp. zumaque), fr. Ar. summaq.] [Written also shumac.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: Any plant of the genus Rhus, shrubs or small trees with usually compound leaves and clusters of small flowers. Some of the species are used in tanning, some in dyeing, and some in medicine. One, the Japanese Rhus vernicifera, yields the celebrated Japan varnish, or lacquer.
2. The powdered leaves, peduncles, and young branches of certain species of the sumac plant, used in tanning and dyeing. Poison sumac. (Bot.) See under Poison.
SUMATRA LEAF Su*ma"tra leaf.
Defn: A thin, elastic, uniformly light-colored tobacco leaf, raised in Sumatra and extensively used for cigar wrappers.
SUMATRAN Su*ma"tran, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Sumatra or its inhabitants. -- n.
Defn: A native of Sumatra.
SUMBUL Sum"bul, n. Etym: [Pers.]
Defn: The musky root of an Asiatic umbelliferous plant, Ferula Sumbul. It is used in medicine as a stimulant. [Written also sumbal.] -- Sum*bul"ic, a.
SUMERIAN Su*me"ri*an, a. [Written also Sumirian.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to the region of lower Babylonia, which was anciently called Sumer, or its inhabitants or their language.
SUMERIAN Su*me"ri*an, n. [Written also Sumirian.]
Defn: A native of lower Babylonia, anciently called Sumer.
SUMLESS Sum"less, a.
Defn: Not to be summed up or computed; so great that the amount can not be ascertained; incalculable; inestimable. "Sumless treasure." Pope.
SUMMARILY Sum"ma*ri*ly, adv.
Defn: In a summary manner.
SUMMARIST Sum"ma*rist, n.
Defn: One who summarized.
SUMMARIZE Sum"ma*rize, v. t.
Defn: To comprise in, or reduce to, a summary; to present briefly. Chambers.
SUMMARY Sum"ma*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sommaire. See Sum.]
1. Formed into a sum; summed up; reduced into a narrow compass, or into few words; short; brief; concise; compendious; as, a summary statement of facts.
2. Hence, rapidly performed; quickly executed; as, a summary process; to take summary vengeance.
Syn. -- Short; brief; concise; compendious; succinct.
SUMMARY Sum"ma*ry, n.; pl. Summaries. Etym: [F. sommaire, or L. summarium. See Summary, a.]
Defn: A general or comprehensive statement; an abridged account; an abstract, abridgment, or compendium, containing the sum or substance of a fuller account.
SUMMATION Sum*ma"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sommation. See Sum, v. t.]
Defn: The act of summing, or forming a sum, or total amount; also, an aggregate. Of this series no summation is possible to a finite intellect. De Quincey.
SUMMER Sum"mer, n. Etym: [From Sum, v.]
Defn: One who sums; one who casts up an account.
SUMMER Sum"mer, n. Etym: [F. sommier a rafter, the same word as sommier a beast of burden. See Sumpter.] (Arch.)
Defn: A large stone or beam placed horizontally on columns, piers, posts, or the like, serving for various uses. Specifically: (a) The lintel of a door or window. (b) The commencement of a cross vault. (c) A central floor timber, as a girder, or a piece reaching from a wall to a girder. Called also summertree.
SUMMER Sum"mer, n. Etym: [OE. sumer, somer, AS. sumor, sumer; akin to OFries. sumur, D. zomer, OS. sumar, G. sommer, OHG. & Icel. sumar, Dan. sommer, Sw. sommar, W. haf, Zend hama, Skr. sama year. *292.]
Defn: The season of the year in which the sun shines most directly upon any region; the warmest period of the year.
Note: North of the equator summer is popularly taken to include the months of June, July, and August. Astronomically it may be considered, in the northern hemisphere, to begin with the summer solstice, about June 21st, and to end with the autumnal equinox, about September 22d. Indian summer, in North America, a period of warm weather late in autumn, usually characterized by a clear sky, and by a hazy or smoky appearance of the atmosphere, especially near the horizon. The name is derived probably from the custom of the Indians of using this time in preparation for winter by laying in stores of food. -- Saint Martin's summer. See under Saint. -- Summer bird (Zoöl.), the wryneck. [Prov. Eng.] -- Summer colt, the undulating state of the air near the surface of the ground when heated. [Eng.] -- Summer complaint (Med.), a popular term for any diarrheal disorder occurring in summer, especially when produced by heat and indigestion. -- Summer coot (Zoöl.), the American gallinule. [Local, U.S.] -- Summer cypress (Bot.), an annual plant (Kochia Scoparia) of the Goosefoot family. It has narrow, ciliate, crowded leaves, and is sometimes seen in gardens. -- Summer duck. (Zoöl.) (a) The wood duck. (b) The garganey, or summer teal. See Illust. of Wood duck, under Wood. -- Summer fallow, land uncropped and plowed, etc., during the summer, in order to pulverize the soil and kill the weeds. -- Summer rash (Med.), prickly heat. See under Prickly. -- Summer sheldrake (Zoöl.), the hooded merganser. [Local, U.S.] -- Summer snipe. (Zoöl.) (a) The dunlin. (b) The common European sandpiper. (c) The green sandpiper. -- Summer tanager (Zoöl.), a singing bird (Piranga rubra) native of the Middle and Southern United States. The male is deep red, the female is yellowish olive above and yellow beneath. Called also summer redbird. -- Summer teal (Zoöl.), the blue-winged teal. [Local, U.S.] -- Summer wheat, wheat that is sown in the spring, and matures during the summer following. See Spring wheat. -- Summer yellowbird. (Zoöl.) See Yellowbird.
SUMMER Sum"mer, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Summered; p. pr. & vb. n. Summering.]
Defn: To pass the summer; to spend the warm season; as, to summer in Switzerland. The fowls shall summer upon them. Isa. xviii. 6.
SUMMER Sum"mer, v. t.
Defn: To keep or carry through the summer; to feed during the summer; as, to summer stock.
SUMMER-FALLOW Sum"mer-fal"low, v. t.
Defn: To plow and work in summer, in order to prepare for wheat or other crop; to plow and let lie fallow.
SUMMERHOUSE Sum"mer*house`, n.; pl. Summerhouses (.
Defn: A rustic house or apartment in a garden or park, to be used as a pleasure resort in summer. Shak.
SUMMERLINESS Sum"mer*li*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being like summer. [R.] Fuller.
SUMMERSAULT; SUMMERSET Sum"mer*sault, Sum"mer*set, n.
Defn: See Somersault, Somerset.
SUMMERSTIR Sum"mer*stir`, v. t.
Defn: To summer-fallow.
SUMMERTIDE Sum"mer*tide`, n.
Defn: Summer time.
SUMMERTREE Sum"mer*tree`, n. Etym: [Summer a beam + tree.] (Arch.)
Defn: A summer. See 2d Summer.
SUMMERY Sum"mer*y, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to summer; like summer; as, a summery day.
SUMMIST Sum"mist, n.
Defn: One who sums up; one who forms an abridgment or summary. Sir E. Dering.
SUMMIT Sum"mit, n. Etym: [F. sommet, dim. of OF. som, sum, top, from L. summum, from summus highest. See Sum, n.]
1. The top; the highest point. Fixed on the summit of the highest mount. Shak.
2. The highest degree; the utmost elevation; the acme; as, the summit of human fame.
3. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The most elevated part of a bivalve shell, or the part in which the hinge is situated. Summit level, the highest level of a canal, a railroad, or the like, in surmounting an ascent.
SUMMITLESS Sum"mit*less, a.
Defn: Having no summit.
SUMMITY Sum"mit*y, n. Etym: [L. summitas, fr. summus highest: cf. F. sommité. See Sum, n.]
1. The height or top of anything. [Obs.] Swift.
2. The utmost degree; perfection. [Obs.] Hallywell.
SUMMON Sum"mon, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Summoned; p. pr. & vb. n. Summoning.] Etym: [OE. somonen, OF. sumundre, semondre, F. semondre, from (assumed) LL. summonêre, for L. summonere to give a hint; sub under + monere to admonish, to warn. See Monition, and cf. Submonish.]
1. To call, bid, or cite; to notify to come to appear; -- often with up. Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood. Shak. Trumpets summon him to war. Dryden.
2. To give notice to, or command to appear, as in court; to cite by authority; as, to summon witnesses.
3. (Mil.)
Defn: To call upon to surrender, as a fort.
Syn. -- To call; cite; notify; convene; convoke; excite; invite; bid. See Call.
SUMMONER Sum"mon*er, n. Etym: [OE. somner, sompnour, OF. semoneor, F. semonneur. See Summon, v. t.]
Defn: One who summons; one who cites by authority; specifically, a petty officer formerly employed to summon persons to appear in court; an apparitor.
SUMMONS Sum"mons, n.; pl. Summonses. Etym: [OE. somouns, OF. sumunse, semonse, semonce, F. semonce, semondre to summon, OF. p.p. semons. See Summon, v.]
1. The act of summoning; a call by authority, or by the command of a superior, to appear at a place named, or to attend to some duty. Special summonses by the king. Hallam. This summons . . . unfit either to dispute or disobey. Bp. Fell. He sent to summon the seditious, and to offer pardon; but neither summons nor pardon was regarded. Sir J. Hayward.
2. (Law)
Defn: A warning or citation to appear in court; a written notification signed by the proper officer, to be served on a person, warning him to appear in court at a day specified, to answer to the plaintiff, testify as a witness, or the like.
3. (Mil.)
Defn: A demand to surrender.
SUMMONS Sum"mons, v. t.
Defn: To summon. [R. or Colloq.] Swift.
SUMMUM BONUM Sum"mum bo"num. [L.] (Philos.)
Defn: The supreme or highest good, -- referring to the object of human life.
SUMNER Sum"ner, n.
Defn: A summoner. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
SUMOOM Su*moom", n.
Defn: See Simoom.
SUMP Sump, n. Etym: [Cf. G. sumpf a sump in a mine, a swamp, akin to LG. sump, D. somp a swamp, Dan. & Sw. sump, and perhaps to E. swamp.]
1. (Metal.)
Defn: A round pit of stone, lined with clay, for receiving the metal on its first fusion. Ray.
2. The cistern or reservoir made at the lowest point of a mine, from which is pumped the water which accumulates there.
3. A pond of water for salt works. Knight.
4. A puddle or dirty pool. [Prov. Eng.] Sump fuse, a fuse used in blasting under water. -- Sump men (Mining), the men who sink the sump in a mine.
SUMPH Sumph, n.
Defn: A dunce; a blockhead. [Scot.]
SUMPITAN Sum"pi*tan, n.
Defn: A kind of blowgun for discharging arrows, -- used by the savages of Borneo and adjacent islands.
SUMPTER Sump"ter, n. Etym: [OF. sommetier the driver of a pack horse; akin to OF. & F. sommier a pack horse, L. sagmarius, fr. sagma a pack saddle, in LL., a load, Gr. saj, sañj, to hang on. Cf. Seam a weight, Summer a beam.]
1. The driver of a pack horse. [Obs.] Skeat.
2. A pack; a burden. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
3. An animal, especially a horse, that carries packs or burdens; a baggage horse. Holinshed.
SUMPTER Sump"ter, a.
Defn: Carrying pack or burdens on the back; as, a sumpter horse; a sumpter mule. Bacon.
SUMPTION Sump"tion, n. Etym: [L. sumptio, fr. sumere, sumptum, to take.]
1. A taking. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
2. (Logic)
Defn: The major premise of a syllogism.
SUMPTUARY Sump"tu*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. sumptuarius, fr. sumptus expense, cost, fr. sumere, sumptum, to take, use, spend; sub under + emere to take, buy: cf. F. somptuaire. See Redeem.]
Defn: Relating to expense; regulating expense or expenditure. Bacon. Sumptuary laws or regulations, laws intended to restrain or limit the expenditure of citizens in apparel, food, furniture, etc.; laws which regulate the prices of commodities and the wages of labor; laws which forbid or restrict the use of certain articles, as of luxurious apparel.
SUMPTUOSITY Sump`tu*os"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. sumptuositas: cf. F. somptuosité.]
Defn: Expensiveness; costliness; sumptuousness. [R.] Sir W. Raleigh.
SUMPTUOUS Sump"tu*ous, a. Etym: [L. sumptuosus, fr. sumptus expanse, cost: cf. F. somptueux. See Sumptuary.]
Defn: Involving large outlay or expense; costly; expensive; hence, luxurious; splendid; magnificient; as, a sumptuous house or table; sumptuous apparel. We are too magnificient and sumptuous in our tables and attendance. Atterbury. She spoke, and turned her sumptuous head, with eyes Of shining expectation fixed on mine. Tennyson. -- Sump"tu*ous*ly, adv. -- Sump"tu*ous*ness, n.
SUN Sun, n. (Bot.)
Defn: See Sunn.
SUN Sun, n. Etym: [OE. sunne, sonne, AS. sunne; akin to OFries. sunne, D. zon, OS. & OHG. sunna, G. sonne, Icel. sunna, Goth. sunna; perh. fr. same root as L. sol. *297. Cf. Solar, South.]
1. The luminous orb, the light of which constitutes day, and its absence night; the central body round which the earth and planets revolve, by which they are held in their orbits, and from which they receive light and heat. Its mean distance from the earth is about 92,500,000 miles, and its diameter about 860,000.
Note: Its mean apparent diameter as seen from the earth is 32' 4", and it revolves on its own axis once in 25photosphere, above which is an envelope consisting partly of hydrogen, called the chromosphere, which can be seen only through the spectroscope, or at the time of a total solar eclipse. Above the chromosphere, and sometimes extending out millions of miles, are luminous rays or streams of light which are visible only at the time of a total eclipse, forming the solar corona.
2. Any heavenly body which forms the center of a system of orbs.
3. The direct light or warmth of the sun; sunshine. Lambs that did frisk in the sun. Shak.
4. That which resembles the sun, as in splendor or importance; any source of light, warmth, or animation. For the Lord God is a sun and shield. Ps. lxxiv. 11. I will never consent to put out the sun of sovereignity to posterity. Eikon Basilike. Sun and planet wheels (Mach.), an ingenious contrivance for converting reciprocating motion, as that of the working beam of a steam engine, into rotatory motion. It consists of a toothed wheel (called the sun wheel), firmly secured to the shaft it is desired to drive, and another wheel (called the planet wheel) secured to the end of a connecting rod. By the motion of the connecting rod, the planet wheel is made to circulate round the central wheel on the shaft, communicating to this latter a velocity of revolution the double of its own. G. Francis. -- Sun angel (Zoöl.), a South American humming bird of the genus Heliangelos, noted for its beautiful colors and the brilliant luster of the feathers of its throat. -- Sun animalcute. (Zoöl.) See Heliozoa. -- Sun bath (Med.), exposure of a patient to the sun's rays; insolation. -- Sun bear (Zoöl.), a species of bear (Helarctos Malayanus) native of Southern Asia and Borneo. It has a small head and short neck, and fine short glossy fur, mostly black, but brownish on the nose. It is easily tamed. Called also bruang, and Malayan bear. -- Sun beetle (Zoöl.), any small lustrous beetle of the genus Amara. -- Sun bittern (Zoöl.), a singular South American bird (Eurypyga helias), in some respects related both to the rails and herons. It is beautifully variegated with white, brown, and black. Called also sunbird, and tiger bittern. -- Sun fever (Med.), the condition of fever produced by sun stroke. -- Sun gem (Zoöl.), a Brazilian humming bird (Heliactin cornutus). Its head is ornamented by two tufts of bright colored feathers, fiery crimson at the base and greenish yellow at the tip. Called also Horned hummer. -- Sun grebe (Zoöl.), the finfoot. -- Sun picture, a picture taken by the agency of the sun's rays; a photograph. -- Sun spots (Astron.), dark spots that appear on the sun's disk, consisting commonly of a black central portion with a surrounding border of lighter shade, and usually seen only by the telescope, but sometimes by the naked eye. They are very changeable in their figure and dimensions, and vary in size from mere apparent points to spaces of 50,000 miles in diameter. The term sun spots is often used to include bright spaces (called faculæ) as well as dark spaces (called maculæ). Called also solar spots. See Illustration in Appendix. -- Sun star (Zoöl.), any one of several species of starfishes belonging to Solaster, Crossaster, and allied genera, having numerous rays. -- Sun trout (Zoöl.), the squeteague. -- Sun wheel. (Mach.) See Sun and planet wheels, above. -- Under the sun, in the world; on earth. "There is no new thing under the sun." Eccl. i. 9.
Note: Sun is often used in the formation of compound adjectives of obvious meaning; as, sun-bright, sun-dried, sun-gilt, sunlike, sun- lit, sun-scorched, and the like.
SUN Sun, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sunned; p. pr. & vb. n. Sunning.]
Defn: To expose to the sun's rays; to warm or dry in the sun; as, to sun cloth; to sun grain. Then to sun thyself in open air. Dryden.
SUNBEAM Sun"beam`, n. Etym: [AS. sunnebeam.]
Defn: A beam or ray of the sun. "Evening sunbeams." Keble. Thither came Uriel, gliding through the even On a sunbeam. Milton.
SUNBIRD Sun"bird`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of numerous species of small brilliantly colored birds of the family Nectariniidæ, native of Africa, Southern Asia, the East Indies, and Australia. In external appearance and habits they somewhat resemble humming birds, but they are true singing birds (Oscines). (b) The sun bittern.
SUNBLINK Sun"blink`, n.
Defn: A glimpse or flash of the sun. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
SUNBONNET Sun"bon"net, n.
Defn: A bonnet, generally made of some thin or light fabric, projecting beyond the face, and commonly having a cape, -- worn by women as a protection against the sun.
SUNBOW Sun"bow`, n.
Defn: A rainbow; an iris. Byron.
SUNBURN Sun"burn`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sunburned or Sunburnt (; p. pr. & vb. n. Sunburning.]
Defn: To burn or discolor by the sun; to tan. Sunburnt and swarthy though she be. Dryden.
SUNBURN Sun"burn`, n.
Defn: The burning or discoloration produced on the skin by the heat of the sun; tan.
SUN-BURNER Sun"-burn`er, n.
Defn: A circle or cluster of gas-burners for lighting and ventilating public buildings.
SUNBURNING Sun"burn`ing, n.
Defn: Sunburn; tan. Boyle.
SUNBURST Sun"burst`, n.
Defn: A burst of sunlight.
SUNCUP Sun"cup`, n.
Defn: A yellow flowered evening primrose (Taraxia, syn. Onothera, ovata) native of California.
SUNDART Sun"dart`, n.
Defn: Sunbeam. [R.] Mrs. Hemans.
SUNDAY Sun"day, n. Etym: [AS. sunnandæg; sunne, gen. sunnan, the sun + dæg day; akin to D. zondag, G. sonntag; -- so called because this day was anciently dedicated to the sun, or to its worship. See Sun, and Day.]
Defn: The first day of the week, -- consecrated among Christians to rest from secular employments, and to religious worship; the Christian Sabbath; the Lord's Day. Advent Sunday, Low Sunday, Passion Sunday, etc. See under Advent, Low, etc.
Syn. -- See Sabbath.
SUNDAY Sun"day, a.
Defn: Belonging to the Christian Sabbath. Sunday letter. See Dominical letter, under Dominical. -- Sunday school. See under School.
SUNDER Sun"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sundered; p. pr. & vb. n. Sundering.] Etym: [OE. sundren, AS. sundrain (in asundrain, gesundrain), from sundor asunder, separately, apart; akin to D. zonder, prep., without, G. sonder separate, as prep., without, sondern but, OHG. suntar separately, Icel. sundr asunder, Sw. & Dan. sönder, Goth. sundro alone, separately.]
Defn: To disunite in almost any manner, either by rending, cutting, or breaking; to part; to put or keep apart; to separate; to divide; to sever; as, to sunder a rope; to sunder a limb; to sunder friends. It is sundered from the main land by a sandy plain. Carew.
SUNDER Sun"der, v. i.
Defn: To part; to separate. [R.] Shak.
SUNDER Sun"der, n. Etym: [See Sunder, v. t., and cf. Asunder.]
Defn: A separation into parts; a division or severance. In sunder, into parts. "He breaketh the bow, and cutteth the spear in sunder." Ps. xlvi. 9.
SUNDER Sun"der, v. t.
Defn: To expose to the sun and wind. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
SUNDEW Sun"dew`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: Any plant of the genus Drosera, low bog plants whose leaves are beset with pediceled glands which secrete a viscid fluid that glitters like dewdrops and attracts and detains insects. After an insect is caught, the glands curve inward like tentacles and the leaf digests it. Called also lustwort.
SUNDIAL Sun"di`al, n.
Defn: An instrument to show the time of day by means of the shadow of a gnomon, or style, on a plate. Sundial shell (Zoöl.), any shell of the genus Solarium. See Solarium.
SUNDOG Sun"dog`, n. (Meteorol.)
Defn: A luminous spot occasionally seen a few degrees from the sun, supposed to be formed by the intersection of two or more halos, or in a manner similar to that of halos.
SUNDOWN Sun"down`, n.
1. The setting of the sun; sunset. "When sundown skirts the moor." Tennyson.
2. A kind of broad-brimmed sun hat worn by women.
SUNDOWNER Sun"down`er, n.
Defn: A tramp or vagabond in the Australian bush; -- so called from his coming to sheep stations at sunset of ask for supper and a bed, when it is too late to work; -- called also traveler and swagman (but not all swagmen are sundowners).
Sundowners, -- men who loaf about till sunset, and then come in with the demand for unrefusable rations. Francis Adams.
SUN-DRIED Sun"-dried`, a.
Defn: Dried by the heat of the sun. "Sun-dried brick." Sir T. Herbert.
SUNDRIES Sun"dries, n. pl.
Defn: Many different or small things; sundry things.
SUNDRILY Sun"dri*ly, adv.
Defn: In sundry ways; variously.
SUNDROPS Sun"drops`, n. [Sun + drop.] (Bot.)
Defn: Any one of the several species of Kneiffia, esp. K. fruticosa (syn. Onothera fruticosa), of the Evening-primrose family, having flowers that open by daylight.
SUNDRY Sun"dry, a. Etym: [OE. sundry, sondry, AS. syndrig, fr. sundor asunder. See Sunder, v. t.]
1. Several; divers; more than one or two; various. "Sundry wines." Chaucer. "Sundry weighty reasons." Shak. With many a sound of sundry melody. Chaucer. Sundry foes the rural realm surround. Dryden.
2. Separate; diverse. [Obs.] Every church almost had the Bible of a sundry translation. Coleridge. All and sundry, all collectively, and each separately.
SUNDRYMAN Sun"dry*man, n.; pl. Sundrymen (.
Defn: One who deals in sundries, or a variety of articles.
SUNFISH Sun"fish`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) A very large oceanic plectognath fish (Mola mola, Mola rotunda, or Orthagoriscus mola) having a broad body and a truncated tail. (b) Any one of numerous species of perch-like North American fresh- water fishes of the family Centrachidæ. They have a broad, compressed body, and strong dorsal spines. Among the common species of the Eastern United States are Lepomis gibbosus (called also bream, pondfish, pumpkin seed, and sunny), the blue sunfish, or dollardee (L. pallidus), and the long-eared sunfish (L. auritus). Several of the species are called also pondfish. (c) The moonfish, or bluntnosed shiner. (d) The opah. (e) The basking, or liver, shark. (f) Any large jellyfish.
SUNFLOWER Sun"flow`er, n.
Defn: Any plant of the genus Helianthus; -- so called probably from the form and color of its flower, which is large disk with yellow rays. The commonly cultivated sunflower is Helianthus annuus, a native of America.
SUNFLOWER STATE Sun"flow`er State.
Defn: Kansas; a nickname.
SUNG Sung,
Defn: imp. & p. p. of Sing.
SUNGLASS Sun"glass`, n.; pl. Sunglasses (.
Defn: A convex lens of glass for producing heat by converging the sun's rays into a focus. "Lighting a cigar with a sunglass." Hawthorne.
SUNGLOW Sun"glow`, n.
Defn: A rosy flush in the sky seen after sunset.
SUNK Sunk,
Defn: imp. & p. p. of Sink. Sunk fence, a ditch with a retaining wall, used to divide lands without defacing a landscape; a ha-ha.
SUNKEN Sunk"en, a.
Defn: Lying on the bottom of a river or other water; sunk.
SUNLESS Sun"less, a.
Defn: Destitute or deprived of the sun or its rays; shaded; shadowed. The sunken glen whose sunless shrubs must weep. Byron.
SUNLIGHT Sun"light`, n.
Defn: The light of the sun. Milton.
SUNLIKE Sun"like`, a.
Defn: Like or resembling the sun. "A spot of sunlike brilliancy." Tyndall.
SUNLIT Sun"lit`, a.
Defn: Lighted by the sun.
SUNN Sunn, n. Etym: [Hind. san, fr. Skr. çana.] (Bot.)
Defn: An East Indian leguminous plant (Crotalaria juncea) and its fiber, which is also called sunn hemp. [Written also sun.]
SUNNA Sun"na, n. Etym: [Ar. sunnah rule, law.]
Defn: A collection of traditions received by the orthodox Mohammedans as of equal authority with the Koran.
SUNNIAH Sun"ni*ah, n.
Defn: One of the sect of Sunnites.
SUNNINESS Sun"ni*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being sunny.
SUNNITE Sun"nite, n.
Defn: One of the orthodox Mohammedans who receive the Sunna as of equal importance with the Koran.
SUNNUD Sun"nud, n. Etym: [Hind., fr. Ar. sanad.]
Defn: A charter or warrant; also, a deed of gift. [India]
SUNNY Sun"ny, a. [Compar. Sunnier; superl. Sunniest.]
1. Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from, or resembling the sun; hence, shining; bright; brilliant; radiant. "Sunny beams." Spenser. "Sunny locks." Shak.
2. Exposed to the rays of the sun; brightened or warmed by the direct rays of the sun; as, a sunny room; the sunny side of a hill. Her blooming mountains and her sunny shores. Addison.
3. Cheerful; genial; as, a sunny disposition. My decayed fair A sunny look of his would soon repair. Shak.
SUNNY Sun"ny, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Sunfish (b).
SUNPROOF Sun"proof`, a.
Defn: Impervious to the rays of the sun. "Darksome yew, sunproof." Marston.
SUNRISE; SUNRISING Sun"rise`, Sun"ris`ing, n.
1. The first appearance of the sun above the horizon in the morning; more generally, the time of such appearance, whether in fair or cloudy weather; as, to begin work at sunrise. "The tide of sunrise swells." Keble.
2. Hence, the region where the sun rises; the east. Which were beyond Jordan toward the sunrising. Deut. iv. 47 (Rev. Ver.) Full hot and fast the Saxon rides, with rein of travel slack, And, bending o'ev his saddle, leaves the sunrise at his back. Whittier.
SUNSET; SUNSETTING Sun"set", Sun"set`ting, n.
1. The descent of the sun below the horizon; also, the time when the sun sets; evening. Also used figuratively. 'T is the sunset of life gives me mystical lore. Campbell.
2. Hence, the region where the sun sets; the west. Sunset shell (Zoöl.), a West Indian marine bivalve (Tellina radiata) having a smooth shell marked with radiating bands of varied colors resembling those seen at sunset or before sunrise; -- called also rising sun.
SUNSHADE Sun"shade`, n.
Defn: Anything used as a protection from the sun's rays. Specifically: (a) A small parasol. (b) An awning.
SUNSHINE Sun"shine`, n.
1. The light of the sun, or the place where it shines; the direct rays of the sun, the place where they fall, or the warmth and light which they give. But all sunshine, as when his beams at noon Culminate from the equator. Milton.
2. Anything which has a warming and cheering influence like that of the rays of the sun; warmth; illumination; brightness. That man that sits within a monarch's heart, And ripens in the sunshine of his favor. Shak.
SUNSHINE Sun"shine`, a.
Defn: Sunshiny; bright. Shak. "Sunshine hours." Keble.
SUNSHINY Sun"shin`y, a.
1. Bright with the rays of the sun; clear, warm, or pleasant; as, a sunshiny day.
2. Bright like the sun; resplendent. Flashing beams of that sunshiny shield. Spenser.
3. Beaming with good spirits; cheerful. "Her sunshiny face." Spenser.
SUNSQUALL Sun"squall`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any large jellyfish.
SUN STAR Sun" star`. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Sun star, under Sun.
SUNSTED Sun"sted, n. Etym: [Sun + stead a place.]
Defn: Solstice. [Obs.] "The summer sunsted." Holland.
SUNSTONE Sun"stone`, n. (Med.)
Defn: Aventurine feldspar. See under Aventurine.
SUNSTROKE Sun"stroke`, n. (Med.)
Defn: Any affection produced by the action of the sun on some part of the body; especially, a sudden prostration of the physical powers, with symptoms resembling those of apoplexy, occasioned by exposure to excessive heat, and often terminating fatally; coup de soleil.
SUN-STRUCK Sun"-struck`, a. (Med.)
Defn: Overcome by, or affected with, sunstroke; as, sun-struck soldiers.
SUNUP Sun"up`, n.
Defn: Sunrise. [Local, U.S.] Such a horse as that might get over a good deal of ground atwixt sunup and sundown. Cooper.
SUNWARD Sun"ward, adv.
Defn: Toward the sun.
SUNWISE Sun"wise`, adv.
Defn: In the direction of the sun's apparent motion, or from the east southward and westward, and so around the circle; also, in the same direction as the movement of the hands of a watch lying face upward.
SUP Sup, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supped; p. pr. & vb. n. Supping.] Etym: [OE. soupen to drink, AS. s; akin to D. zuipen, G. saufen, OHG. s, Icel. s, Sw. supa, Dan. söbe. Cf. Sip, Sop, Soup, Supper.]
Defn: To take into the mouth with the lips, as a liquid; to take or drink by a little at a time; to sip. There I'll sup Balm and nectar in my cup. Crashaw.
SUP Sup, n.
Defn: A small mouthful, as of liquor or broth; a little taken with the lips; a sip. Tom Thumb had got a little sup. Drayton.
SUP Sup, v. i. Etym: [See Supper.]
Defn: To eat the evening meal; to take supper. I do entreat that we may sup together.
SUP Sup, v. t.
Defn: To treat with supper. [Obs.] Sup them well and look unto them all. Shak.
SUPAWN Su*pawn", n. Etym: [Of American Indian origin.]
Defn: Boiled Indian meal; hasty pudding; mush. [Written also sepawn, sepon, and suppawn.] [Local, U.S.]
SUPE Supe, n.
Defn: A super. [Theatrical Cant]
SUPER- Su"per-. Etym: [L. super over, above; akin to Gr. sub under, and E. over. See Over, and cf. Hyper-, Sub-, Supra-, Sur-.]
1. A prefix signifying above, over, beyond, and hence often denoting in a superior position, in excess, over and above, in addition, exceedingly; as in superimpose, supersede, supernatural, superabundance.
2. (Chem.)
Defn: A prefix formerly much used to denote that the ingredient to the name of which it was prefixed was present in a large, or unusually large, proportion as compared with the other ingredients; as in calcium superphosphate. It has been superseded by per-, bi-, di-, acid, etc. (as peroxide, bicarbonate, disulphide, and acid sulphate), which retain the old meanings of super-, but with sharper definition. Cf. Acid, a., Bi-, Di-, and Per-.
SUPER Su"per, n.
Defn: A contraction of Supernumerary, in sense 2. [Theatrical Cant]
SUPERABLE Su"per*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. superabilis, from superare to go over, to surmount, fr. super above, over.]
Defn: Capable of being overcome or conquered; surmountable. Antipathies are generally superable by a single effort. Johnson. -- Su"per*a*ble*ness, n. -- Su"per*a*bly, adv.
SUPERABOUND Su`per*a*bound", v. i. Etym: [L. superabundare: cf. OF. superabonder. See Super-, and Abound.]
Defn: To be very abundant or exuberant; to be more than sufficient; as, the country superabounds with corn.
SUPERABUNDANCE Su`per*a*bun"dance, n. Etym: [L. superabundantia: cf. OF. superabondance.]
Defn: The quality or state of being superabundant; a superabundant quantity; redundancy; excess.
SUPERABUNDANT Su`per*a*bun"dant, a. Etym: [L. superabundans, p.pr. of superabundare. See Superabound.]
Defn: Abounding to excess; being more than is sufficient; redundant; as, superabundant zeal. -- Su`per*a*bun"dant*ly, adv.
SUPERACIDULATED Su`per*a*cid"u*la`ted, a.
Defn: Acidulated to excess. [R.]
SUPERADD Su`per*add", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superadded; p. pr. & vb. n. Superadding.] Etym: [L. superaddere. See Super-, and Add.]
Defn: To add over and above; to add to what has been added; to annex, as something extrinsic. The strength of any living creature, in those external motion, is something distinct from, and superadded unto, its natural gravity. Bp. Wilkins. The peacock laid it extremely to heart that he had not the nightingale's voice superadded to the beauty of his plumes. L'Estrange.
SUPERADDITION Su`per*ad*di"tion, n.
Defn: The act of adding something in excess or something extraneous; also, something which is added in excess or extraneously. This superaddition is nothing but fat. Arbuthnot.
SUPERADVENIENT Su`per*ad*ven"ient, a.
Defn: Coming upon; coming in addition to, or in assistance of, something. [R.] He has done bravely by the superadvenient assistance of his God. Dr. H. More.
SUPERALIMENTATION Su`per*al`i*men*ta"tion, n.
Defn: The act of overfeeding, or making one take food in excess of the natural appetite for it.
SUPERALTAR Su"per*al`tar, n. (Arch.)
Defn: A raised shelf or stand on the back of an altar, on which different objects can be placed; a predella or gradino.
SUPERANGELIC Su`per*an*gel"ic, a.
Defn: Superior to the angels in nature or rank. [R.] Milman.
SUPERANNUATE Su`per*an"nu*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superannuated; p. pr. & vb. n. Superannuating.] Etym: [Pref. super- + L. annus a year.]
1. To impair or disquality on account of age or infirmity. Sir T. Browne.
2. To give a pension to, on account of old age or other infirmity; to cause to retire from service on a pension.
SUPERANNUATE Su`per*an"nu*ate, v. i.
Defn: To last beyond the year; -- said of annual plants. [Obs.] Bacon.
SUPERANNUATION Su`per*an`nu*a"tion, n.
Defn: The state of being superannuated, or too old for office or business; the state of being disqualified by old age; decrepitude. The world itself is in a state of superannuation. Cowper. Slyness blinking through the watery eye of superannuation. Coleridge.
SUPERB Su*perb", a. Etym: [F. superbe, L. superbus, fr. super over. See Super-.]
1. Grand; magnificent; august; stately; as, a superb edifice; a superb colonnade.
2. Rich; elegant; as, superb furniture or decorations.
3. Showy; excellent; grand; as, a superb exhibition. Superb paradise bird (Zoöl.), a bird of paradise (Paradisæa, or Lophorina, superba) having the scapulars erectile, and forming a large ornamental tuft on each shoulder, and a large gorget of brilliant feathers on the breast. The color is deep violet, or nearly black, with brilliant green reflections. The gorget is bright metallic green. -- Superb warber. (Zoöl.) See Blue wren, under Wren. -- Su*perb"ly, adv. -- Su*perb"ness, n.
SUPERBIATE Su*per"bi*ate, v. t. Etym: [Cf. L. superbiare.]
Defn: To make (a person) haughty. [Obs. & R.] Feltham.
SUPERCARBONATE Su`per*car"bon*ate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A bicarbonate. [Obsoles.]
SUPERCARBURETED Su`per*car"bu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Bicarbureted. [Written also supercarburetted.] [Obsoles.]
SUPERCARGO Su`per*car"go, n. Etym: [Super- + cargo: cf. Sp. sobrecargo. Cf. Surcharge.]
Defn: An officer or person in a merchant ship, whose duty is to manage the sales, and superintend the commercial concerns, of the voyage.
SUPERCARPAL Su`per*car"pal, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above, or in the upper part of, the carpus.
SUPERCELESTIAL Su`per*ce*les"tial, a. Etym: [Pref. super- + celestial: cf. L. supercaelestis.]
1. Situated above the firmament, or great vault of heaven. Waterland.
2. Higher than celestial; superangelic.
SUPERCHARGE Su`per*charge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supercharged; p. pr. & vb. n. Supercharging.] Etym: [Pref. super- + charge. Cf. Surcharge.] (Her.)
Defn: To charge (a bearing) upon another bearing; as, to supercharge a rose upon a fess.
SUPERCHARGE Su`per*charge", n. (Her.)
Defn: A bearing charged upon another bearing. [R.]
SUPERCHEMICAL Su`per*chem"ic*al, a.
Defn: Above or beyond chemistry; inexplicable by chemical laws. J. Le Conte.
SUPERCHERY Su*perch"er*y, n. Etym: [F. supercherie.]
Defn: Deceit; fraud; imposition. [Obs. & R.]
SUPERCILIARY Su`per*cil"i*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. supercilium an eyebrow. See Supercilious.]
1. Of or pertaining to the eyebrows; supraorbital.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having a distinct streak of color above the eyes; as, the superciliary woodpecker.
SUPERCILIOUS Su`per*cil"i*ous, a. Etym: [L. superciliosus, fr. supercilium an eyebrow, pride; super over, + cilium an eyelid; probably akin to celare to conceal. Cf. Conceal.]
Defn: Lofty with pride; haughty; dictatorial; overbearing; arrogant; as, a supercilious officer; asupercilious air; supercilious behavior. -- Su`per*cil"i*ous*ly, adv. -- Su`per*cil"i*ous*ness, n.
SUPERCILIUM Su`per*cil"i*um, n. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The eyebrow, or the region of the eyebrows.
SUPERCOLUMNIATION Su`per*co*lum`ni*a"tion, n. (Arch.)
Defn: The putting of one order above another; also, an architectural work produced by this method; as, the putting of the Doric order in the ground story, Ionic above it, and Corinthian or Composite above this.
SUPERCONCEPTION Su`per*con*cep"tion, n. (Physiol.)
Defn: Superfetation. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
SUPERCONSEQUENCE Su`per*con"se*quence, n.
Defn: Remote consequence. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
SUPERCRESCENCE Su`per*cres"cence, n. Etym: [See Supercrescent.]
Defn: That which grows upon another growing thing; a parasite. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
SUPERCRESCENT Su`per*cres"cent, a. Etym: [L. supercrescens, p.pr. of supercrescere; super above + crescere to grow.]
Defn: Growing on some other growing thing. [R.] Johnson.
SUPERCRETACEOUS Su`per*cre*ta"ceous, a. (Geol.)
Defn: Same as Supracretaceous.
SUPERCURIOUS Su`per*cu"ri*ous, a.
Defn: Excessively curious or inquisitive. Evelyn.
SUPERDOMINANT Su`per*dom"i*nant, n. (Mus.)
Defn: The sixth tone of the scale; that next above the dominant; -- called also submediant.
SUPERDREADNOUGHT Su`per*dread"nought`, n.
Defn: See Dreadnought, above.
SUPEREMINENCE; SUPEREMINENCY Su`per*em"i*nence, Su`per*em"i*nen*cy, n. Etym: [L. supereminentia.]
Defn: The quality or state of being supereminent; distinguished eminence; as, the supereminence of Cicero as an orator, or Lord Chatham as a statesman. Ayliffe. He was not forever beset with the consciousness of his own supereminence. Prof. Wilson.
SUPEREMINENT Su`per*em"i*nent, a. Etym: [L. supereminens, p.pr. of supereminere. See Super-, and Eminent.]
Defn: Eminent in a superior degree; surpassing others in excellence; as, a supereminent divine; the supereminent glory of Christ. -- Su`per*em"i*nent*ly, adv.
SUPEREROGANT Su`per*er"o*gant, a. Etym: [L. supererogans, p.pr. See Supererogate.]
Defn: Supererogatory. [Obs.]
SUPEREROGATE Su`per*er"o*gate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Supererogated; p. pr. & vb. n. Supererogating.] Etym: [L. supererogatus, p.p. of supererogare to spend or pay out over and above; super over, above + erogare to expend or pay out money from the public treasury after asking the consent of the people. See Super-, and Erogate, Rogation.]
Defn: To do more than duty requires; to perform works of supererogation; to atone (for a dificiency in another) by means of a surplus action or quality. The fervency of one man in prayer can not supererogate for the coldness of another. Milton.
SUPEREROGATION Su`per*er`o*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. supererogatio a payment in addition.]
Defn: The act of supererogating; performance of more than duty or necessity requires. Works of supererogation (R. C. Ch.), those good deeds believed to have been performed by saints, or capable of being performed by men, over and above what is required for their own salvation.
SUPEREROGATIVE Su`per*e*rog"a*tive, a.
Defn: Supererogatory.
SUPEREROGATORY Su`per*e*rog"a*to*ry, a.
Defn: Performed to an extent not enjoined, or not required, by duty or necessity; as, supererogatory services. Howell.
SUPERESSENTIAL Su`per*es*sen"tial, a.
Defn: Essential above others, or above the constitution of a thing. J. Ellis.
SUPERETHICAL Su`per*eth"ic*al, a.
Defn: More than ethical; above ethics. Bolingbroke.
SUPEREXALT Su`per*ex*alt", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superexalted; p. pr. & vb. n. Superexalting.]
Defn: To exalt to a superior degree; to exalt above others. Barrow.
SUPEREXALTATION Su`per*ex`al*ta"tion, n.
Defn: Elevation above the common degree. Holyday.
SUPEREXCELLENCE Su`per*ex"cel*lence, n.
Defn: Superior excellence; extraordinary excellence.
SUPEREXCELLENT Su`per*ex"cel*lent, a. Etym: [Pref. super- + excellent: cf. L. superexcellens.]
Defn: Excellent in an uncommon degree; very excellent. Drayton.
SUPEREXCINATION Su`per*ex`ci*na"tion, n.
Defn: Excessive, or more than normal, excitation.
SUPEREXCRESCENCE Su`per*ex*cres"cence, n.
Defn: Something growing superfluously.
SUPERFAMILY Su"per*fam`i*ly, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A group intermediate between a family and a suborder.
SUPERFECUNDATION Su`per*fec`un*da"tion, n. (Physiol.)
Defn: Fertilization of two ova, at the same menstruation, by two different acts of coition.
SUPERFECUNDITY Su`per*fe*cun"di*ty, n.
Defn: Superabundant fecundity or multiplication of the species.
SUPERFETATE Su`per*fe"tate, v. i. Etym: [L. superfetare; super above, over + fetare to bring forth.]
Defn: To conceive after a prior conception, but before the birth of the offspring. The female . . . is said to superfetate. Grew.
SUPERFETATION Su`per*fe*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. superfétation.] (Physiol.)
Defn: The formation of a fetus at the result of an impregnation occurring after another impregnation but before the birth of the offspring produced by it. This is possible only when there is a double uterus, or where menstruation persists up to the time of the second impregnation. In then became a superfetation upon, and not an ingredient in, the national character. Coleridge.
SUPERFETE Su`per*fete", v. i.
Defn: To superfetate. [Obs.]
SUPERFETE Su`per*fete", v. t.
Defn: To conceive (another fetus) after a former conception. [Obs.] Howell.
SUPERFICE Su"per*fice, n.
Defn: A superficies. [Obs.] Dryden.
SUPERFICIAL Su`per*fi"cial, a. Etym: [L. superficialis: cf. F. superficiel. See Superficies.]
1. Of or pertaining to the superficies, or surface; lying on the surface; shallow; not deep; as, a superficial color; a superficial covering; superficial measure or contents; superficial tillage.
2. Reaching or comprehending only what is obvious or apparent; not deep or profound; shallow; -- said especially in respect to study, learning, and the like; as, a superficial scholar; superficial knowledge. This superficial tale Is but a preface of her worthy praise. Shak. He is a presumptuous and superficial writer. Burke. That superficial judgment, which happens to be right without deserving to be so. J. H. Newman. -- Su`per*fi"cial*ly, adv. -- Su`per*fi"cial*ness, n.
SUPERFICIALIST Su`per*fi"cial*ist, n.
Defn: One who attends to anything superficially; a superficial or shallow person; a sciolist; a smatterer.
SUPERFICIALITY Su`per*fi`ci*al"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. superficialité.]
Defn: The quality or state of being superficial; also, that which is superficial. Sir T. Browne.
SUPERFICIALIZE Su`per*fi"cial*ize, v. t.
Defn: To attend to, or to treat, superficially, or in a shallow or slighting way. [R.] It is a characteristic weakness of the day to superficialize evil. E. P. Whipple.
SUPERFICIARY Su`per*fi"ci*a*ry, n. (Rom. Law)
Defn: One to whom a right of surface occupation is granted; one who pays quitrent for a house built upon another man's ground.
SUPERFICIARY Su`per*fi"ci*a*ry, a.
1. Of or pertaining to the superficies, or surface; superficial.
2. (Rom. Law)
Defn: Situated or built on another man's land, as a house.
SUPERFICIES Su`per*fi"cies, n. Etym: [L., fr. super above, over + facies make, figure, shape. See Surface.]
1. The surface; the exterior part, superficial area, or face of a thing.
2. (Civil Law) (a) Everything on the surface of a piece of ground, or of a building, so closely connected by art or nature as to constitute a part of it, as houses, or other superstructures, fences, trees, vines, etc. (b) A real right consisting of a grant by a landed proprietor of a piece of ground, bearing a strong resemblance to the long building leases granted by landholders in England, in consideration of a rent, and under reservation of the ownership of the soil. Bouvier. Wharton.
SUPERFINE Su"per*fine, a.
1. Very fine, or most fine; being of surpassing fineness; of extra nice or fine quality; as, superfine cloth.
2. Excessively fine; too nice; over particular; as, superfine distinctions; superfine tastes.
SUPERFINENESS Su"per*fine`ness, n.
Defn: The state of being superfine.
SUPERFINICAL Su`per*fin"i*cal, a.
Defn: Extremely finical.
SUPERFLUENCE Su*per"flu*ence, n. Etym: [L. superfluens, p.pr. of superfluere to flow or run over. See Superfluous.]
Defn: Superfluity. [Obs.] Hammond.
SUPERFLUITANT Su`per*flu"i*tant, a. Etym: [L. super above + fluitans, p.pr. of fluitare intensive fr. fluere to flow.]
Defn: Floating above or on the surface. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. -- Su`per*flu"i*tance, n. [Obs.]
SUPERFLUITY Su`per*flu"i*ty, n.; pl. Superfluities. Etym: [L. superfluité, L. superfluitas. See Superfluous.]
1. A greater quantity than is wanted; superabundance; as, a superfluity of water; a superfluity of wealth. A quiet mediocrity is still to be preferred before a troubled superfluity. Suckling.
2. The state or quality of being superfluous; excess. "By a superfluity abominable." Chaucer.
3. Something beyond what is needed; something which serves for show or luxury.
Syn. -- Superabundance; excess; redundancy.
SUPERFLUOUS Su*per"flu*ous, a. Etym: [L. superfluus overflowing; super over, above + fluere to flow. See Super-, and Fluent.]
Defn: More than is wanted or is sufficient; rendered unnecessary by superabundance; unnecessary; useless; excessive; as, a superfluous price. Shak. An authority which makes all further argument or illustration superfluous. E. Everett. Superfluous interval (Mus.), an interval that exceeds a major or perfect interval by a semitone.
Syn. -- Unnecessary; useless; exuberant; excessive; redundant; needless. -- Su*per"flu*ous*ly, adv. -- Su*per"flu*ous*ness, n.
SUPERFLUX Su"per*flux, n.
Defn: Superabundance; superfluity; an overflowing. [R.] Shak.
SUPERFOETATION Su`per*foe*ta"tion, n.
Defn: Superfetation.
SUPERFOLIATION Su`per*fo`li*a"tion, n.
Defn: Excess of foliation. Sir T. Browne.
SUPERFRONTAL Su`per*fron"tal, n. (Eccl.)
Defn: A cloth which is placed over the top of an altar, and often hangs down a few inches over the frontal.
SUPERFUSE Su`per*fuse", a.
Defn: To pour (something) over or on something else. [Obs.] Evelyn.
SUPERHEAT Su`per*heat", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superheated; p. pr. & vb. n. Superheating.]
1. To heat too much, to overheat; as, to superheat an oven.
2. (Steam Engine)
Defn: To heat, as steam, apart from contact with water, until it resembles a perfect gas.
SUPERHEAT Su"per*heat`, n.
Defn: The increase of temperature communicated to steam by superheating it.
SUPERHEATER Su"per*heat`er, n. (Steam Engine)
Defn: An apparatus for superheating steam.
SUPERHIVE Su"per*hive`, n.
Defn: A removable upper part of a hive. The word is sometimes contracted to super.
SUPERHUMAN Su`per*hu"man, a.
Defn: Above or beyond what is human; sometimes, divine; as, superhuman strength; superhuman wisdom.
SUPERIMPOSE Su`per*im*pose", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superimposed; p. pr. & vb. n. Superimposing.]
Defn: To lay or impose on something else; as, a stratum of earth superimposed on another stratum. -- Su`per*im`po*si"tion, n.
SUPERIMPREGNATION Su`per*im`preg*na"tion, n.
Defn: The act of impregnating, or the state of being impregnated, in addition to a prior impregnation; superfetation.
SUPERINCUMBENCE; SUPERINCUMBENCY Su`per*in*cum"bence, Su`per*in*cum"ben*cy, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being superincumbent.
SUPERINCUMBENT Su`per*in*cum"bent, a. Etym: [L. superincumbens, p.pr. of superincumbere. See Super-, and Incumbent.]
Defn: Lying or resting on something else.
SUPERINDUCE Su`per*in*duce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superinduced; p. pr. & vb. n. Superinducing.] Etym: [Pref. super- + induce: cf. L. superinducere to draw over.]
Defn: To bring in, or upon, as an addition to something. Long custom of sinning superinduces upon the soul new and absurd desires. South.
SUPERINDUCEMENT Su`per*in*duce"ment, n.
Defn: Superinduction.
SUPERINDUCTION Su`per*in*duc"tion, n.
Defn: The act of superinducing, or the state of being superinduced. South.
SUPERINFUSE Su`per*in*fuse", v. t. Etym: [Pref. super- + infuse: cf. L. superinfundere, superinfusum, to pour over.]
Defn: To infuse over. [R.]
SUPERINJECTION Su`per*in*jec"tion, n.
Defn: An injection succeeding another.
SUPERINSPECT Su`per*in*spect", v. t. Etym: [Pref. super- + inspect: cf. L. superinspicere, superinspectum.]
Defn: To over see; to superintend by inspection. [R.] Maydman.
SUPERINSTITUTION Su`per*in`sti*tu"tion, n.
Defn: One institution upon another, as when A is instituted and admitted to a benefice upon a title, and B instituted and admitted upon the presentation of another. Bailey.
SUPERINTELLECTUAL Su`per*in`tel*lec"tu*al, a.
Defn: Being above intellect.
SUPERINTEND Su`per*in*tend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superintended; p. pr. & vb. n. Superintending.] Etym: [L. superintendere. See Super-, and Intend.]
Defn: To have or exercise the charge and oversight of; to oversee with the power of direction; to take care of with authority; to supervise; as, an officer superintends the building of a ship or the construction of a fort. The king may appoint a council, who may superintend the works of this nature. Bacon.
Syn. -- Superintend, Supervise. These words in general use are the synonymous. As sometimes used, supervise implies the more general, and superintend, the more particular and constant, inspection or direction. Among architects there is a disposition to use the word supervise in the sense of a general oversight of the main points of construction with reference to the design, etc., and to employ the word superintend to signify a constant, careful attention to all the details of construction. But this technical distinction is not firmly established.
SUPERINTENDENCE Su`per*in*tend"ence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. superintendance.]
Defn: The act of superintending; care and oversight for the purpose of direction; supervision. Barrow.
Syn. -- Inspection; oversight; care; direction; control; guidance.
SUPERINTENDENCY Su`per*in*tend"en*cy, n.; pl. -cies (.
Defn: The act of superintending; superintendence. Boyle.
SUPERINTENDENT Su`per*in*tend"ent, a. Etym: [L. superintendens, p.pr. See Superintend.]
Defn: Overseeing; superintending.
SUPERINTENDENT Su`per*in*tend"ent, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. superintendant, F. surintendant. Cf. Surintendant.]
Defn: One who has the oversight and charge of some place, institution, or organization, affairs, etc., with the power of direction; as, the superintendent of an almshouse; the superintendent of public works.
Syn. -- Inspector; overseer; manager; director; curator; supervisor.
SUPERINTENDER Su`per*in*tend"er, n.
Defn: A superintendent. [R.]
SUPERINVESTITURE Su`per*in*vest"i*ture, n.
Defn: An outer vestment or garment. [R.] Bp. Horne.
SUPERIOR Su*pe"ri*or, a. Etym: [L., compar. of superus being above, fr. super above, over: cf. F. supérieur. See Super-, and cf. Supreme.]
1. More elevated in place or position; higher; upper; as, the superior limb of the sun; the superior part of an image.
2. Higher in rank or office; more exalted in dignity; as, a superior officer; a superior degree of nobility.
3. Higher or greater in excellence; surpassing others in the greatness, or value of any quality; greater in quality or degree; as, a man of superior merit; or of superior bravery.
4. Beyond the power or influence of; too great or firm to be subdued or affected by; -- with to. There is not in earth a spectacle more worthy than a great man superior to his sufferings. Spectator.
5. More comprehensive; as a term in classification; as, a genus is superior to a species.
6. (Bot.) (a) Above the ovary; -- said of parts of the flower which, although normally below the ovary, adhere to it, and so appear to originate from its upper part; also of an ovary when the other floral organs are plainly below it in position, and free from it. (b) Belonging to the part of an axillary flower which is toward the main stem; posterior. (c) Pointing toward the apex of the fruit; ascending; -- said of the radicle. Superior conjunction, Superior planets, etc. See Conjunction, Planet, etc. -- Superior figure, Superior letter (Print.), a figure or letter printed above the line, as a reference to a note or an index of a power, etc; as, in x2 + yn, 2 is a superior figure, n a superior letter. Cf. Inferior figure, under Inferior.
SUPERIOR Su*pe"ri*or, n.
1. One who is above, or surpasses, another in rank, station, office, age, ability, or merit; one who surpasses in what is desirable; as Addison has no superior as a writer of pure English.
2. (Eccl.)
Defn: The head of a monastery, convent, abbey, or the like.
SUPERIORESS Su*pe"ri*or*ess, n. (Eccl.)
Defn: A woman who acts as chief in a convent, abbey, or nunnery; a lady superior.
SUPERIORITY Su*pe`ri*or"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. supériorité, LL. superioritas.]
Defn: The quality, state, or condition of being superior; as, superiority of rank; superiority in merit.
Syn. -- Preëminence; excellence; predominancy; prevalence; ascendency; odds; advantage.
SUPERIORLY Su*pe"ri*or*ly, adv.
Defn: In a superior position or manner.
SUPERJACENT Su`per*ja"cent, a. Etym: [L. superjacens, p.pr. of superjacere; super above + jacere to lie.]
Defn: Situated immediately above; as, superjacent rocks.
SUPERLATION Su`per*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. superlatio. See Superlative.]
Defn: Exaltation of anything beyond truth or propriety. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
SUPERLATIVE Su`per*la"tive, a. Etym: [L. superlativus, fr. superlatus excessive, used as p.p. of superiorferre, but from a different root: cf. F. superlatif. See Elate, Tolerate.]
1. Lifted up to the highest degree; most eminent; surpassing all other; supreme; as, superlative wisdom or prudence; a woman of superlative beauty; the superlative glory of the divine character.
2. (Gram.)
Defn: Expressing the highest or lowest degree of the quality, manner, etc., denoted by an adjective or an adverb. The superlative degree is formed from the positive by the use of -est, most, or least; as, highest, most pleasant, least bright. -- Su`per*la"tive*ly, adv. -- Su`per*la"tive*ness, n.
SUPERLATIVE Su`per*la"tive, n.
1. That which is highest or most eminent; the utmost degree.
2. (Gram.) (a) The superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs; also, a form or word by which the superlative degree is expressed; as, strongest, wisest, most stormy, least windy, are all superlatives. Absolute superlative, a superlative in an absolute rather than in a comparative or exclusive sense. See Elative.
SUPERLUCRATION Su`per*lu*cra"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. super- + L. lucratio gain.]
Defn: Excessive or extraordinary gain. [Obs.] Davenant.
SUPERLUNAR; SUPERLUNARY Su`per*lu"nar, Su`per*lu"na*ry, a.
Defn: Being above the moon; not belonging to this world; -- opposed to sublunary. The head that turns at superlunar things. Pope.
SUPERMAN Su"per*man`, n.
Defn: = Overman, above.
SUPERMATERIAL Su`per*ma*te"ri*al, a.
Defn: Being above, or superior to, matter.
SUPERMAXILLA Su`per*max*il"la, n. Etym: [NL. See Super-, and Maxilla.] (Anat.)
Defn: The supermaxilla.
SUPERMAXILLARY Su`per*max"il*la*ry, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Supermaxillary.
SUPERMEDIAL Su`per*me"di*al, a.
Defn: Above the middle.
SUPERMUNDANE Su`per*mun"dane, a.
Defn: Being above the world; -- opposed to inframundane. Cudworth.
SUPERMUNDIAL Su`per*mun"di*al, a.
Defn: Supermundane. [Obs.]
SUPERNACULAR Su`per*nac"u*lar, a.
Defn: Like supernaculum; first-rate; as, a supernacular wine. [R.] Thackeray.
SUPERNACULUM Su`per*nac"u*lum, adv. & n. Etym: [NL., from L. super over + G. nagel, a nail, as of the finger, or a corruption of L. super and ungulam claw.]
1. A kind of mock Latin term intended to mean, upon the nail; -- used formerly by topers. Nares. Drinking super nagulum [supernaculum], a device of drinking, new come out of France, which is, after a man hath turned up the bottom of the cup, to drop it on his nail and make a pearl with that is left; which if it slide, and he can not make it stand on by reason there is too much, he must drink again for his penance. Nash.
2. Good liquor, of which not enough is left to wet one's nail. Grose.
SUPERNAL Su*per"nal, a. Etym: [L. supernus, from super above: cf. F. supernel. See Super-.]
1. Being in a higher place or region; locally higher; as, the supernal orbs; supernal regions. "That supernal judge." Shak.
2. Relating or belonging to things above; celestial; heavenly; as, supernal grace. Not by the sufferance of supernal power. Milton.
SUPERNATANT Su`per*na"tant, a. Etym: [L. supernatanus, p.pr. of supernatare to swim above; super above + natare to swim.]
Defn: Swimming above; floating on the surface; as, oil supernatant on water. SUPERNATANT Su`per*na"tant, n. (Chem.)
Defn: The liquid remaining after solids suspended in a liquid have been sedimented by gravity or by centrifugation. Contrasted with the solid sediment, or (in centrifugation) the pellet.
SUPERNATATION Su`per*na*ta"tion, n.
Defn: The act of floating on the surface of a fluid. Sir T. Browne.
SUPERNATURAL Su`per*nat"u*ral, a. Etym: [Pref. super- + natural: cf. OF. supernaturel, F. surnaturel.]
Defn: Being beyond, or exceeding, the power or laws of nature; miraculous.
Syn. -- Preternatural. -- Supernatural, Preternatural. Preternatural signifies beside nature, and supernatural, above or beyond nature. What is very greatly aside from the ordinary course of things is preternatural; what is above or beyond the established laws of the universe is supernatural. The dark day which terrified all Europe nearly a century ago was preternatural; the resurrection of the dead is supernatural. "That form which the earth is under at present is preternatural, like a statue made and broken again." T. Burnet. "Cures wrought by medicines are natural operations; but the miraculous ones wrought by Christ and his apostles were supernatural." Boyle. That is supernatural, whether it be, that is either not in the chain of natural cause and effect, or which acts on the chain of cause and effect in nature, from without the chain. Bushnell. We must not view creation as supernatural, but we do look upon it as miraculous. McCosh. The supernatural, whatever is above and beyond the scope, or the established course, of the laws of nature. "Nature and the supernatural." H. Bushnell.
SUPERNATURALISM Su`per*nat"u*ral*ism, n.
1. The quality or state of being supernatural; supernaturalness.
2. (Theol.)
Defn: The doctrine of a divine and supernatural agency in the production of the miracles and revelations recorded in the Bible, and in the grace which renews and sanctifies men, -- in opposition to the doctrine which denies the agency of any other than physical or natural causes in the case. [Written also supranaturalism.]
SUPERNATURALIST Su`per*nat"u*ral*ist, n.
Defn: One who holds to the principles of supernaturalism.
SUPERNATURALISTIC Su`per*nat`u*ral*is"tic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to supernaturalism.
SUPERNATURALITY Su`per*nat`u*ral"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being supernatural.
SUPERNATURALIZE Su`per*nat"u*ral*ize, v. t.
Defn: To treat or regard as supernatural.
SUPERNATURALLY Su`per*nat"u*ral*ly, adv.
Defn: In a supernatural manner.
SUPERNATURALNESS Su`per*nat"u*ral*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being supernatural.
SUPERNUMERARY Su`per*nu"mer*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. supernumerarius: cf. OF. supernuméraire, F. surnuméraire. See Super-, and Numerary, Number.]
1. Exceeding the number stated or prescribed; as, a supernumerary officer in a regiment.
2. Exceeding a necessary, usual, or required number or quality; superfluous; as, supernumerary addresses; supernumerary expense. Addison.
SUPERNUMERARY Su`per*nu"mer*a*ry, n.; pl. Supernumeraries (.
1. A person or thing beyond the number stated.
2. A person or thing beyond what is necessary or usual; especially, a person employed not for regular service, but only to fill the place of another in case of need; specifically, in theaters, a person who is not a regular actor, but is employed to appear in a stage spectacle.
SUPEROCCIPITAL Su`per*oc*cip"i*tal, a.
Defn: Supraoccipital.
SUPERORDER Su`per*or"der, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A group intermediate in importance between an order and a subclass.
SUPERORDINATION Su`per*or`di*na"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. super- + ordination: cf. L. superordinatio.]
Defn: The ordination of a person to fill a station already occupied; especially, the ordination by an ecclesiastical official, during his lifetime, of his successor. Fuller.
SUPEROXIDE Su`per*ox"ide, n. (Chem.)
Defn: See Peroxide. [Obs.]
SUPERPARTICULAR Su`per*par*tic"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. superparticularis. See Super-, and Particular.] (Math.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to a ratio when the excess of the greater term over the less is a unit, as the ratio of 1 to 2, or of 3 to 4. [Obs.] Hutton.
SUPERPARTIENT Su`per*par"tient, a. Etym: [L. superpartiens; super over + partiens, p.pr. of partire to divide.] (Math.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to a ratio when the excess of the greater term over the less is more than a unit, as that of 3 to 5, or 7 to 10. [Obs.] Hutton.
SUPERPHOSPHATE Su`per*phos"phate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: An acid phosphate. Superphosphate of lime (Com. Chem.), a fertilizer obtained by trating bone dust, bone black, or phosphorite with sulphuric acid, whereby the insoluble neutral calcium phosphate, Ca3(PO4)2, is changed to the primary or acid calcium phosphate Ca(H2PO4)2, which is soluble and therefore available for the soil.
SUPERPHYSICAL Su`per*phys"ic*al, a.
Defn: Above or beyond physics; not explainable by physical laws. Something superphysical and superchemical. J. Le Conte.
SUPERPLANT Su"per*plant`, n.
Defn: A plant growing on another, as the mistletoe; an epiphyte. [Obs.] Bacon.
SUPERPLEASE Su`per*please", v. t.
Defn: To please exceedingly. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
SUPERPLUS Su"per*plus, n. Etym: [Pref. super- + L. plus more. See Surplus.]
Defn: Surplus. [Obs.] Goldsmith.
SUPERPLUSAGE Su"per*plus`age, n.
Defn: Surplusage. [Obs.] "There yet remained a superplusage." Bp. Fell.
SUPERPOLITIC Su`per*pol"i*tic, a.
Defn: More than politic; above or exceeding policy. Milton.
SUPERPONDERATE Su`per*pon"der*ate, v. t.
Defn: To wiegh over and above. [Obs.]
SUPERPOSABLE Su`per*pos"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being superposed, as one figure upon another.
SUPERPOSE Su`per*pose", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superposed; p. pr. & vb. n. Superposing.] Etym: [F. superposer. See Super-, and Pose.]
1. To lay upon, as one kind of rock on another.
2. (Geom.)
Defn: To lay (a figure) upon another in such a manner that all the parts of the one coincide with the parts of the other; as, to superpose one plane figure on another.
SUPERPOSITION Su`per*po*si"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. superposition. See Super-, and Position.]
Defn: The act of superposing, or the state of being superposed; as, the superposition of rocks; the superposition of one plane figure on another, in geometry.
SUPERPRAISE Su`per*praise", v. t.
Defn: To praise to excess. To vow, and swear, and superpraise my parts. Shak.
SUPERPROPORTION Su`per*pro*por"tion, n.
Defn: Overplus or excess of proportion. Sir K. Digby.
SUPERPURGATION Su`per*pur*ga"tion, n.
Defn: Excessive purgation. Wiseman.
SUPERREFLECTION Su`per*re*flec"tion, n.
Defn: The reflection of a reflected image or sound. [R.] Bacon.
SUPERREGAL Su`per*re"gal, a.
Defn: More than regal; worthy of one greater than a king. Waterland.
SUPERREWARD Su`per*re*ward", v. t.
Defn: To reward to an excessive degree. Bacon.
SUPERROYAL Su`per*roy"al, a.
Defn: Larger than royal; -- said of a particular size of printing and writing paper. See the Note under Paper, n.
SUPERSACRAL Su`per*sa"cral, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated over, or on the dorsal side of, the sacrum.
SUPERSALIENCY Su`per*sa"li*en*cy, n.
Defn: The act of leaping on anything. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
SUPERSALIENT Su`per*sa"li*ent, a. Etym: [Pref. super- + L. saliens p.pr. of salire to leap.]
Defn: Leaping upon. [Obs.]
SUPERSALT Su`per*salt", n. (Chem.)
Defn: An acid salt. See Acid salt (a), under Salt, n.
SUPERSATURATE Su`per*sat"u*rate, v. t.
Defn: To add to beyond saturation; as, to supersaturate a solution.
SUPERSATURATION Su`per*sat`u*ra"tion, n.
Defn: The operation of supersaturating, or the state of being supersaturated.
SUPERSCRIBE Su`per*scribe", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superscribed; p. pr. & vb. n. Superscribing.] Etym: [L. superscribere, superscriptum; super over + scribere to write. See Super-, and Scribe.]
Defn: To write or engrave (a name, address, inscription, or the like) on the top or surface; to write a name, address, or the like, on the outside or cover of (anything); as, to superscribe a letter.
SUPERSCRIPT Su"per*script, n.
Defn: Superscription. [Obs.] "I will overglance the superscript." Shak.
SUPERSCRIPTION Su`per*scrip"tion, n. Etym: [L. superscriptio. See Superscribe.]
1. The act of superscribing.
2. That which is written or engraved on the surface, outside, or above something else; specifically, an address on a letter, envelope, or the like. Holland. The superscription of his accusation was written over, The King of the Jews. Mark xv. 26.
3. (Pharm.)
Defn: That part of a prescription which contains the Latin word recipe (Take) or the sign
SUPERSECULAR Su`per*sec"u*lar, a.
Defn: Being above the world, or secular things. Bp. Hall.
SUPERSEDE Su`per*sede", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superseded; p. pr. & vb. n. Superseding.] Etym: [L. supersedere, supersessum, to sit above, be superior to, forbear, omit; super above + sedere to sit: cf. F. superséder. See Sit, and cf. Surcease.]
1. To come, or be placed, in the room of; to replace.
2. To displace, or set aside, and put another in place of; as, to supersede an officer.
3. To make void, inefficacious, or useless, by superior power, or by coming in the place of; to set aside; to render unnecessary; to suspend; to stay. Nothing is supposed that can supersede the known laws of natural motion. Bentley.
4. (Old Law)
Defn: To omit; to forbear.
SUPERSEDEAS Su`per*se"de*as, n. Etym: [L., suspend, set aside, stay, 2d pers. sing. present subjunctive of supersedere. See Supersede.] (Law)
Defn: A writ of command to suspend the powers of an officer in certain cases, or to stay proceedings under another writ. Blackstone.
SUPERSEDURE Su*per*se"dure, n.
Defn: The act of superseding, or setting aside; supersession; as, the supersedure of trial by jury. A. Hamilton.
SUPERSEMINATE Su`per*sem"i*nate, v. t.
Defn: To sow, as seed, over something previously sown. [Obs.] That can not be done with joy, when it shall be indifferent to any man to superseminate what he please. Jer. Taylor.
SUPERSEMINATION Su`per*sem`i*na"tion, n.
Defn: The sowing of seed over seed previously sown. [Obs.] Abp. Bramhall.
SUPERSENSIBLE Su`per*sen"si*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. super- + sensible: cf. F. supersensible.]
Defn: Beyond the reach of the senses; above the natural powers of perception.
SUPERSENSITIVE Su`per*sen"si*tive, a.
Defn: Excessively sensitive; morbidly sensitive. -- Su`per*sen"si*tive*ness, n.
SUPERSENSUAL Su`per*sen"su*al, a.
Defn: Supersensible.
SUPERSENSUOUS Su`per*sen"su*ous, a.
1. Supersensible.
2. Excessively sensuous.
SUPERSERVICEABLE Su`per*serv"ice*a*ble, a.
Defn: Overofficious; doing more than is required or desired. "A superserviceable, finical rogue." Shak.
SUPERSESSION Su`per*ses"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. supersession. See Supersede.]
Defn: The act of superseding, or the state of being superseded; supersedure. The general law of diminishing return from land would have undergone, to that extent, a temporary supersession. J. S. Mill.
SUPERSOLAR Su`per*so"lar, a.
Defn: Above the sun. Emerson.
SUPERSPHENOIDAL Su`per*sphe*noid"al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above, or on the dorsal side of, the body of the sphenoid bone.
SUPERSPINOUS Su`per*spi"nous, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Supraspinuos.
SUPERSTITION Su`per*sti"tion, n. Etym: [F. superstition, L. superstitio, originally, a standing still over or by a thing; hence, amazement, wonder, dread, especially of the divine or supernatural, fr. superstare to stand over; super over + stare to stand. See Super-, and Stand.]
1. An excessive reverence for, or fear of, that which is unknown or mysterious.
2. An ignorant or irrational worship of the Supreme Deity; excessive exactness or rigor in religious opinions or practice; extreme and unnecessary scruples in the observance of religious rites not commanded, or of points of minor importance; also, a rite or practice proceeding from excess of sculptures in religion. And the truth With superstitions and traditions taint. Milton.
3. The worship of a false god or gods; false religion; religious veneration for objects. [The accusers] had certain questions against him of their own superstition. Acts xxv. 19.
4. Belief in the direct agency of superior powers in certain extraordinary or singular events, or in magic, omens, prognostics, or the like.
5. Excessive nicety; scrupulous exactness.
Syn. -- Fanaticism. -- Superstition, Fanaticism. Superstition springs from religious feeling misdirected or unenlightened. Fanaticism arises from this same feeling in a state of high-wrought and self-confident excitement. The former leads in some cases to excessive rigor in religious opinions or practice; in others, to unfounded belief in extraordinary events or in charms, omens, and prognostics, hence producing weak fears, or excessive scrupulosity as to outward observances. The latter gives rise to an utter disregard of reason under the false assumption of enjoying a guidance directly inspired. Fanaticism has a secondary sense as applied to politics, etc., which corresponds to the primary.
SUPERSTITIONIST Su`per*sti"tion*ist, n.
Defn: One addicted to superstition. [Obs.] "Blind superstitionists." Dr. H. More.
SUPERSTITIOUS Su`per*sti"tious, a. Etym: [F. superstitieux, L. superstitiosus.]
1. Of or pertaining to superstition; proceeding from, or manifesting, superstition; as, superstitious rites; superstitious observances.
2. Evincing superstition; overscrupulous and rigid in religious observances; addicted to superstition; full of idle fancies and scruples in regard to religion. Ye men of Athens, I perceive that in all things ye are too superstitious. Acts xvii. 22.
3. Overexact; scrupulous beyond need. Superstitious use (Law), the use of a gift or bequest, as of land, etc., for the maintenance of the rites of a religion not tolerated by the law. [Eng.] Mozley & W. -- Su`per*sti"tious*ly, adv. -- Su`per*sti"tious*ness, n.
SUPERSTRAIN Su`per*strain", v. t.
Defn: To overstrain. Bacon.
SUPERSTRATUM Su`per*stra"tum, n.; pl. Superstrata (. Etym: [NL.: cf. L. supersternere, superstratum, to spread upon. See Super-, and Stratum.]
Defn: A stratum, or layer, above another.
SUPERSTRUCT Su`per*struct", v. t. Etym: [L. superstructus, p.p. of superstruere to build upon; super over + struere to build. See Super-, and Structure.]
Defn: To build over or upon another structure; to erect upon a foundation. This is the only proper basis on which to superstruct first innocency and then virtue. Dr. H. More.
SUPERSTRUCTION Su`per*struc"tion, n.
1. The act of superstructing, or building upon.
2. That which id superstructed, or built upon some foundation; an edifice; a superstructure. My own profession hath taught me not to erect new superstructions upon an old ruin. Denham.
SUPERSTRUCTIVE Su`per*struct"ive, a.
Defn: Built or erected on something else. Hammond.
SUPERSTRUCTOR Su`per*struct"or, n.
Defn: One who builds a superstructure. [R.] R. North.
SUPERSTRUCTURE Su`per*struc"ture, n. Etym: [Cf. F. superstructure.]
1. Any material structure or edifice built on something else; that which is raised on a foundation or basis; esp. (Arch.),
Defn: all that part of a building above the basement. Also used figuratively. You have added to your natural endowments the superstructure of study. Dryden.
2. (Railway Engin.)
Defn: The sleepers, and fastenings, in distinction from the roadbed.
SUPERSUBSTANTIAL Su`per*sub*stan"tial, a. Etym: [Pref. super- + substantial: cf. F. supersubstantiel.]
Defn: More than substantial; spiritual. "The heavenly supersubstantial bread." Jer. Taylor.
SUPERSUBTLE Su`per*sub"tle, a.
Defn: To subtle. Shak.
SUPERSULPHATE Su`per*sul"phate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: An acid sulphate. [Obs.]
SUPERSULPHURETED Su`per*sul"phu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Supersulphurized. [Obs.] [Written also -sulphuretted.]
SUPERSULPHURIZE Su`per*sul"phur*ize, v. t. (Chem.)
Defn: To impregnate or combine with an excess of sulphur.
SUPERTAX Su"per*tax`, n. [Super- + tax.]
Defn: A tax in addition to the usual or normal tax; specif., in the United Kingdom, an income tax of sixpence for every pound in addition to the normal income tax of one shilling and twopence for every pound, imposed, by the Finance Act of 1909-1910 (c. 8, ss 66, 72), on the amount by which the income of any person exceeds £3,000 when his total income exceeds £5,000.
SUPERTEMPORAL Su`per*tem"po*ral, n.
Defn: That which is more than temporal; that which is eternal. [R.]
SUPERTERRANEAN Su`per*ter*ra"ne*an, a.
Defn: Being above ground. "Superterranean quarries." Mrs. Trollope.
SUPERTERRENE Su`per*ter*rene", a. Etym: [Pref. super- + terrene: cf. L. superterrenus.]
Defn: Being above ground, or above the earth. [R.]
SUPERTERRESTRIAL Su`per*ter*res"tri*al, a.
Defn: Being above the earth, or above what belongs to the earth. Buckminster.
SUPERTONIC Su`per*ton"ic, n. (Mus.)
Defn: The note next above the keynote; the second of the scale. Busby.
SUPERTRAGICAL Su`per*trag"ic*al, a.
Defn: Tragical to excess.
SUPERTUBERATION Su`per*tu`ber*a"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. super- + tuber.] (Bot.)
Defn: The production of young tubers, as potatoes, from the old while still growing.
SUPERVACANEOUS Su`per*va*ca"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. supervacaneus, supervacuus; super over + vacuus empty.]
Defn: Serving no purpose; superfluous; needless. [Obs.] Howell.
SUPERVENE Su`per*vene", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Supervened; p. pr. & vb. n. Supervening.] Etym: [L. supervenire, superventum, to come over, to come upon; super over + venire to come. See Super-, and Come, and cf. Overcome.]
Defn: To come as something additional or extraneous; to occur with reference or relation to something else; to happen upon or after something else; to be added; to take place; to happen. Such a mutual gravitation can never supervene to matter unless impressed by divine power. Bentley. A tyrany immediately supervened. Burke.
SUPERVENIENT Su`per*ven"ient, a. Etym: [L. superveniens, p.pr.]
Defn: Coming as something additional or extraneous; coming afterwards. That branch of belief was in him supervenient to Christian practice. Hammond. Divorces can be granted, a mensa et toro, only for supervenient causes. Z. Swift.
SUPERVENTION Su`per*ven"tion, n. Etym: [L. superventio.]
Defn: The act of supervening. Bp. Hall.
SUPERVISAL Su`per*vis"al, n.
Defn: Supervision. Walpole.
SUPERVISE Su`per*vise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supervised; p. pr. & vb. n. Supervising.] Etym: [Pref. super- + L. visere to look at attentively, to view, surely, intens. from videre, visum, to see. Cf. Survise, and Survey.]
1. To oversee for direction; to superintend; to inspect with authority; as, to supervise the construction of a steam engine, or the printing of a book.
2. To look over so as to read; to peruse. [Obs.] Shak.
Syn. -- See Superintend.
SUPERVISE Su`per*vise", n.
Defn: Supervision; inspection. [Obs.]
SUPERVISION Su`per*vi"sion, n.
Defn: The act of overseeing; inspection; superintendence; oversight.
SUPERVISIVE Su`per*vi"sive, a.
Defn: Supervisory. [R.]
SUPERVISOR Su`per*vis"or, n.
1. One who supervises; an overseer; an inspector; a superintendent; as, a supervisor of schools.
2. A spectator; a looker-on. [Obs.] Shak.
SUPERVISORY Su`per*vi"so*ry, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to supervision; as, supervisory powers.
SUPERVIVE Su`per*vive", v. t. Etym: [L. supervivere. See Survive.]
Defn: To survive; to outlive. [Obs.]
SUPERVOLUTE Su`per*vo*lute", a. Etym: [L. supervolutus, p.p. of supervolvere to roll over; super over + volvere to roll.] (Bot.)
Defn: Having a plainted and convolute arrangement in the bud, as in the morning-glory.
SUPINATION Su`pi*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. supinare, supinatum, to bend or lay backward, fr. supinus supine: cf. F. supination. See Supine.] (Physiol.) (a) The act of turning the hand palm upward; also, position of the hand with the palm upward. (b) The act or state of lying with the face upward. Opposed to Ant: pronation.
SUPINATOR Su`pi*na"tor, n. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)
Defn: A muscle which produces the motion of supination.
SUPINE Su*pine", a. Etym: [L. supinus, akin to sub under, super above. Cf. Sub-, Super-.]
1. Lying on the back, or with the face upward; -- opposed to prone.
2. Leaning backward, or inclining with exposure to the sun; sloping; inclined. If the vine On rising ground be placed, or hills supine. Dryden.
3. Negligent; heedless; indolent; listless. He became pusillanimous and supine, and openly exposed to any temptation. Woodward.
Syn. -- Negligent; heedless; indolent; thoughtless; inattentive; listless; careless; drowsy. -- Su*pine"ly, adv. -- Su*pine"ness, n.
SUPINE Su"pine, n. Etym: [L. supinum (sc. verbum), from supinus bent or thrown backward, perhaps so called because, although furnished with substantive case endings, it rests or falls back, as it were, on the verb: cf. F. supin.] (Lat. Gram.)
Defn: A verbal noun; or (according to C.F.Becker), a case of the infinitive mood ending in -um and -u, that in -um being sometimes called the former supine, and that in -u the latter supine.
SUPINITY Su*pin"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. supinitas.]
Defn: Supineness. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
SUPPAGE Sup"page, n. Etym: [From Sup.]
Defn: What may be supped; pottage. [Obs.] Hooker.
SUPPALPATION Sup`pal*pa"tion, n. Etym: [L. suppalpari to caress a little; sub under, a little + palpare to caress.]
Defn: The act of enticing by soft words; enticement. [Obs.]
SUPPARASITATION Sup*par`a*si*ta"tion, n. Etym: [See Supparasite.]
Defn: The act of flattering to gain favor; servile approbation. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
SUPPARASITE Sup*par"a*site, v. t. Etym: [L. supparasitari; sub under, a little + parasitus a parasite.]
Defn: To flatter; to cajole; to act the parasite. [Obs.] Dr. R. Clerke.
SUPPAWN Sup*pawn", n.
Defn: See Supawn.
SUPPEDANEOUS Sup`pe*da"ne*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. pes, pedis, a foot: cf. L. suppedaneum a footstool.]
Defn: Being under the feet. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
SUPPEDITATE Sup*ped"i*tate, v. t. Etym: [L. suppeditatus, p.p. of suppeditare to supply.]
Defn: To supply; to furnish. [Obs.] Hammond.
SUPPEDITATION Sup*ped`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. suppeditatio.]
Defn: Supply; aid afforded. [Obs.] Bacon.
SUPPER Sup"per, n. Etym: [OE. soper, super, OF. super, soper, F. souper; originally an infinitive, to sup, take a meal. See Soup, and cf. Sup to take supper.]
Defn: A meal taken at the close of the day; the evening meal.
Note: Supper is much used in an obvious sense, either adjectively or as the first part of a compound; as, supper time or supper-time, supper bell, supper hour, etc.
SUPPER Sup"per, v. i.
Defn: To take supper; to sup. [R.]
SUPPER Sup"per, v. t.
Defn: To supply with supper. [R.] "Kester was suppering the horses." Mrs. Gaskell.
SUPPERLESS Sup"per*less, a.
Defn: Having no supper; deprived of supper; as, to go supperless to bed. Beau. & Fl.
SUPPING Sup"ping, n.
1. The act of one who sups; the act of taking supper.
2. That which is supped; broth. [Obs.] Holland.
SUPPLACE Sup*place", v. t.
Defn: To replace. [R.] J. Bascom.
SUPPLANT Sup*plant", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supplanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Supplanting.] Etym: [F. supplanter, L. supplantare to trip up one's heels, to throw down; sub under + planta the sole of the foot, also, a sucker, slip, sprout. Cf. Plant, n.]
1. To trip up. [Obs.] "Supplanted, down he fell." Milton.
2. To remove or displace by stratagem; to displace and take the place of; to supersede; as, a rival supplants another in the favor of a mistress or a prince. Suspecting that the courtier had supplanted the friend. Bp. Fell.
3. To overthrow, undermine, or force away, in order to get a substitute in place of. You never will supplant the received ideas of God. Landor.
Syn. -- To remove; displace; overpower; undermine; overthrow; supersede.
SUPPLANTATION Sup`plan*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. supplantation, L. supplantatio hypocritical deceit.]
Defn: The act of supplanting or displacing. Habitual supplantation of immediate selfishness. Cloeridge.
SUPPLANTER Sup*plan"ter, n.
Defn: One who supplants.
SUPPLE Sup"ple, a. Etym: [OE. souple, F. souple, from L. supplex suppliant, perhaps originally, being the knees. Cf. Supplicate.]
1. Pliant; flexible; easily bent; as, supple joints; supple fingers.
2. Yielding compliant; not obstinate; submissive to guidance; as, a supple horse. If punishment . . . makes not the will supple, it hardens the offender. Locke.
3. Bending to the humor of others; flattering; fawning; obsequious. Addison.
Syn. -- Pliant; flexible; yielding; compliant; bending; flattering; fawning; soft.
SUPPLE Sup"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suppled; p. pr. & vb. n. Suppling.]
1. To make soft and pliant; to render flexible; as, to supple leather. The flesh therewith she suppled and did steep. Spenser.
2. To make compliant, submissive, or obedient. A mother persisting till she had bent her daughter's mind and suppled her will. Locke. They should supple our stiff willfulness. Barrow.
SUPPLE Sup"ple, v. i.
Defn: To become soft and pliant. The stones . . . Suppled into softness as they fell. Dryden.
SUPPLE-CHAPPED Sup"ple-chapped`, a.
Defn: Having a limber tongue. [R.] "A supple-chapped flatterer." Marston.
SUPPLE-JACK Sup"ple-jack`, n. (Bot.) (a) A climbing shrub (Berchemia volubilus) of the Southern United States, having a tough and pliable stem. (b) A somewhat similar tropical American plant (Paullinia Curassavica); also, a walking stick made from its stem. He was in form and spirit like a supple-jack, . . . yielding, but tough; though he bent, he never broke. W. Irving.
Note: This name is given to various plants of similar habit in different British colonies.
SUPPLELY Sup"ple*ly, adv.
Defn: In a supple manner; softly; pliantly; mildly. Cotgrave.
SUPPLEMENT Sup"ple*ment, n. Etym: [F. supplément, L. supplementum, fr. supplere to fill up. See Supply, v. t.]
1. That which supplies a deficiency, or meets a want; a store; a supply. [Obs.] Chapman.
2. That which fills up, completes, or makes an addition to, something already organized, arranged, or set apart; specifically, a part added to, or issued as a continuation of, a book or paper, to make good its deficiencies or correct its errors.
3. (Trig.)
Defn: The number of degrees which, if added to a specified arc, make it 180°; the quantity by which an arc or an angle falls short of 180 degrees, or an arc falls short of a semicircle.
Syn. -- Appendix. -- Appendix, Supplement. An appendix is that which is appended to something, but is not essential to its completeness; a supplement is that which supplements, or serves to complete or make perfect, that to which it is added.
SUPPLEMENT Sup"ple*ment, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supplemented; p. pr. & vb. n. Supplementing.]
Defn: To fill up or supply by addition; to add something to. Causes of one kind must be supplemented by bringing to bear upon them a causation of another kind. I. Taylor.
SUPPLEMENTAL; SUPPLEMENTARY Sup`ple*men"tal, Sup`ple*men"ta*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. supplémentaire.]
Defn: Added to supply what is wanted; additional; being, or serving as, a supplement; as, a supplemental law; a supplementary sheet or volume. Supplemental air (Physiol.), the air which in addition to the residual air remains in the lungs after ordinary expiration, but which, unlike the residual air, can be expelled; reserve air. -- Supplemental bill (Equity), a bill filed in aid of an original bill to supply some deffect in the latter, or to set forth new facts which can not be done by amendment. Burrill. Daniel. -- Supplementary chords (Math.), in an ellipse or hyperbola, any two chords drawn through the extremities of a diameter, and intersecting on the curve.
SUPPLEMENTATION Sup`ple*men*ta"tion, n.
Defn: The act of supplementing. C. Kingsley.
SUPPLENESS Sup"ple*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being supple; flexibility; pliableness; pliancy.
SUPPLETIVE; SUPPLETORY Sup"ple*tive, Sup"ple*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. supplétif, LL. suppletivus, from L. supplere, suppletum, to fill up. See Supply.]
Defn: Supplying deficiencies; supplementary; as, a suppletory oath.
SUPPLETORY Sup"ple*to*ry, n.; pl. Suppletories (.
Defn: That which is to supply what is wanted. Invent suppletories to excuse an evil man. Jer. Taylor.
SUPPLIAL Sup*pli"al, n.
Defn: The act of supplying; a supply. "The supplial of a preposition." Fitzed. Hall.
SUPPLIANCE Sup*pli"ance, n. Etym: [From Supply.]
Defn: That which supplies a want; assistance; a gratification; satisfaction. [R.] The perfume and suppliance of a minute. Shak.
SUPPLIANCE Sup*pli"ance, n. Etym: [See Suppliant.]
Defn: Supplication; entreaty. When Greece her knee in suppliance bent. Halleck.
SUPPLIANT Sup"pli*ant, a. Etym: [F., p.pr. of supplier to entreat, L. supplicare. See Supplicate, and cf. Supplicant.]
1. Asking earnestly and submissively; entreating; beseeching; supplicating. The rich grow suppliant, and the poor grow proud. Dryden.
2. Manifesting entreaty; expressive of supplication. To bow and sue for grace With suppliant knee. Milton.
Syn. -- Entreating; beseeching; suing; begging; supplicating; imploring. -- Sup"pli*ant*ly, adv. -- Sup"pli*ant*ness, n.
SUPPLIANT Sup"pli*ant, n.
Defn: One who supplicates; a humble petitioner; one who entreats submissively. Hear thy suppliant's prayer. Dryden.
SUPPLICANCY Sup"pli*can*cy, n.
Defn: Supplication. [R.]
SUPPLICANT Sup"pli*cant, a. Etym: [L. supplicans, p.pr. See Supplicate, and cf. Suppliant.]
Defn: Entreating; asking submissively. Shak. -- Sup"pli*cant*ly, adv.
SUPPLICANT Sup"pli*cant, n.
Defn: One who supplicates; a suppliant. The wise supplicant . . . left the event to God. Rogers.
SUPPLICAT Sup"pli*cat, n. Etym: [L., he supplicates.] (Eng. Universities)
Defn: A petition; esp., a written one, with a certificate that the conditions have been complied with.
SUPPLICATE Sup"pli*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supplicated; p. pr. & vb. n. Supplicating.] Etym: [L. supplicatus, p.p. of supplicare to supplicate; of uncertain origin, cf. supplex, supplicis, humbly begging or entreating; perhaps fr. sub under + a word akin to placare to reconcile, appease (cf. Placable), or fr. sub under + plicare to fold, whence the idea of bending the knees (cf. Ply, v. t.). Cf. Supple.]
1. To entreat for; to seek by earnest prayer; to ask for earnestly and humbly; as, to supplicate blessings on Christian efforts to spread the gospel.
2. To address in prayer; to entreat as a supplicant; as, to supplicate the Deity.
Syn. -- To beseech; entreat; beg; petition; implore; importune; solicit; crave. See Beseech.
SUPPLICATE Sup"pli*cate, v. i.
Defn: To make petition with earnestness and submission; to implore. A man can not brook to supplicate or beg. Bacon.
SUPPLICATINGLY Sup"pli*ca`ting*ly, adv.
Defn: In a supplicating manner.
SUPPLICATION Sup`pli*ca"tion, n. Etym: [F. supplication, L. supplicatio.]
1. The act of supplicating; humble and earnest prayer, as in worship.
2. A humble petition; an earnest request; an entreaty.
3. (Rom. Antiq.)
Defn: A religious solemnity observed in consequence of some military success, and also, in times of distress and danger, to avert the anger of the gods.
Syn. -- Entreaty; petition; solicitation; craving.
SUPPLICATOR Sup"pli*ca`tor, n. Etym: [L.]
Defn: One who supplicates; a supplicant.
SUPPLICATORY Sup"pli*ca*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. supplicatoire.]
Defn: Containing supplication; humble; earnest.
SUPPLIER Sup*pli"er, n.
Defn: One who supplies.
SUPPLY Sup*ply", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supplied; p. pr. & vb. n. Supplying.] Etym: [For older supploy, F. suppléer, OF. also supployer, (assumed) LL. suppletare, from L. supplere, suppletum; sub under + plere to fill, akin to plenus full. See Plenty.]
1. To fill up, or keep full; to furnish with what is wanted; to afford, or furnish with, a sufficiency; as, rivers are supplied by smaller streams; an aqueduct supplies an artificial lake; -- often followed by with before the thing furnished; as, to supply a furnace with fuel; to supply soldiers with ammunition.
2. To serve instead of; to take the place of. Burning ships the banished sun supply. Waller. The sun was set, and Vesper, to supply His absent beams, had lighted up the sky. Dryden.
3. To fill temporarily; to serve as substitute for another in, as a vacant place or office; to occupy; to have possession of; as, to supply a pulpit.
4. To give; to bring or furnish; to provide; as, to supply money for the war. Prior.
Syn. -- To furnish; provide; administer; minister; contribute; yield; accommodate.
SUPPLY Sup*ply", n.; pl. Supplies (.
1. The act of supplying; supplial. A. Tucker.
2. That which supplies a want; sufficiency of things for use or want. Specifically: -- (a) Auxiliary troops or reënforcements. "My promised supply of horsemen." Shak. (b) The food, and the like, which meets the daily necessities of an army or other large body of men; store; -- used chiefly in the plural; as, the army was discontented for lack of supplies. (c) An amount of money provided, as by Parliament or Congress, to meet the annual national expenditures; generally in the plural; as, to vote supplies. (d) A person who fills a place for a time; one who supplies the place of another; a substitute; esp., a clergyman who supplies a vacant pulpit. Stated supply (Eccl.), a clergyman employed to supply a pulpit for a definite time, but not settled as a pastor. [U.S.] -- Supply and demand. (Polit. Econ.) "Demand means the quantity of a given article which would be taken at a given price. Supply means the quantity of that article which could be had at that price." F. A. Walker.
SUPPLY Sup*ply", a.
Defn: Serving to contain, deliver, or regulate a supply of anything; as, a supply tank or valve. Supply system (Zoöl.), the system of tubes and canals in sponges by means of which food and water are absorbed. See Illust. of Spongiæ.
SUPPLYANT Sup*ply"ant, a.
Defn: Supplying or aiding; auxiliary; suppletory. [Obs.] Shak.
SUPPLYMENT Sup*ply"ment, n.
Defn: A supplying or furnishing; supply. [Obs.] Shak.
SUPPORT Sup*port", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supported; p. pr. & vb. n. Supporting.] Etym: [F. supporter, L. supportare to carry on, to convey, in LL., to support, sustain; sub under + portare to carry. See Port demeanor.]
1. To bear by being under; to keep from falling; to uphold; to sustain, in a literal or physical sense; to prop up; to bear the weight of; as, a pillar supports a structure; an abutment supports an arch; the trunk of a tree supports the branches.
2. To endure without being overcome, exhausted, or changed in character; to sustain; as, to support pain, distress, or misfortunes. This fierce demeanor and his insolence The patience of a god could not support. Dryden.
3. To keep from failing or sinking; to solace under affictive circumstances; to assist; to encourage; to defend; as, to support the courage or spirits.
4. To assume and carry successfully, as the part of an actor; to represent or act; to sustain; as, to support the character of King Lear.
5. To furnish with the means of sustenance or livelihood; to maintain; to provide for; as, to support a family; to support the ministers of the gospel.
6. To carry on; to enable to continue; to maintain; as, to support a war or a contest; to support an argument or a debate.
7. To verify; to make good; to substantiate; to establish; to sustain; as, the testimony is not sufficient to support the charges; the evidence will not support the statements or allegations. To urge such arguments, as though they were sufficient to support and demonstrate a whole scheme of moral philosophy. J. Edwards.
8. To vindicate; to maintain; to defend successfully; as, to be able to support one's own cause.
9. To uphold by aid or countenance; to aid; to help; to back up; as, to support a friend or a party; to support the present administration. Wherefore, bold pleasant, Darest thou support a published traitor Shak.
10. A attend as an honorary assistant; as, a chairman supported by a vice chairman; O'Connell left the prison, supported by his two sons. Support arms (Mil.), a command in the manual of arms in responce to which the piece is held vertically at the shoulder, with the hammer resting on the left forearm, which is passed horizontally across the body in front; also, the position assumed in response to this command.
Syn. -- To maintain; endure; verify; substantiate; countenance; patronize; help; back; second; succor; relieve; uphold; encourage; favor; nurture; nourish; cherish; shield; defend; protect; stay; assist; forward.
SUPPORT Sup*port", n. Etym: [F.]
1. The act, state, or operation of supporting, upholding, or sustaining.
2. That which upholds, sustains, or keeps from falling, as a prop, a pillar, or a foundation of any kind.
3. That which maintains or preserves from being overcome, falling, yielding, sinking, giving way, or the like; subsistence; maintenance; assistance; reënforcement; as, he gave his family a good support, the support of national credit; the assaulting column had the support of a battery. Points of support (Arch.), the horizontal area of the solids of a building, walls, piers, and the like, as compared with the open or vacant spaces. -- Right of support (Law), an easement or servitude by which the owner of a house has a right to rest his timber on the walls of his neighbor's house. Kent.
Syn. -- Stay; prop; maintenance; subsistence; assistance; favor; countenance; encouragement; patronage; aid; help; succor; nutriment; sustenance; food.
SUPPORTABLE Sup*port"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. supportable.]
Defn: Capable of being supported, maintained, or endured; endurable. -- Sup*port"a*ble*ness, n. -- Sup*port"a*bly, adv.
SUPPORTANCE Sup*port"ance, n.
Defn: Support. [Obs.] Shak.
SUPPORTATION Sup`por*ta"tion, n.
Defn: Maintenance; support. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bacon.
SUPPORTER Sup*port"er, n.
1. One who, or that which, supports; as, oxygen is a supporter of life. The sockets and supporters of flowers are figured. Bacon. The saints have a . . . supporter in all their miseries. South.
2. Especially, an adherent; one who sustains, advocates, and defends; as, the supporter of a party, faction, or candidate.
3. (Shipbuilding)
Defn: A knee placed under the cathead.
4. (Her.)
Defn: A figure, sometimes of a man, but commonly of some animal, placed on either side of an escutcheon, and exterior to it. Usually, both supporters of an escutcheon are similar figures.
5. (Med.)
Defn: A broad band or truss for supporting the abdomen or some other part or organ.
SUPPORTFUL Sup*port"ful, a.
Defn: Abounding with support. [Obs.] Chapman.
SUPPORTLESS Sup*port"less, a.
Defn: Having no support. Milton.
SUPPORTMENT Sup*port"ment, n.
Defn: Support. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.
SUPPORTRESS Sup*port"ress, n.
Defn: A female supporter. [R.] You are my gracious patroness and supportress. Massinger.
SUPPOSABLE Sup*pos"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being supposed, or imagined to exist; as, that is not a supposable case. -- Sup*pos"a*ble*ness, n. -- Sup*pos"a*bly, adv.
SUPPOSAL Sup*pos"al, n.
Defn: The act of supposing; also, that which is supposed; supposition; opinion. Shak. Interest, with a Jew, never proceeds but upon supposal, at least, of a firm and sufficient bottom. South.
SUPPOSE Sup*pose", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supposed; p. pr. & vb. n. Supposing.] Etym: [F. supposer; pref. sub- under + poser to place; -- corresponding in meaning to L. supponere, suppositum, to put under, to substitute, falsify, counterfeit. See Pose.]
1. To represent to one's self, or state to another, not as true or real, but as if so, and with a view to some consequence or application which the reality would involve or admit of; to imagine or admit to exist, for the sake of argument or illustration; to assume to be true; as, let us suppose the earth to be the center of the system, what would be the result Suppose they take offence without a cause. Shak. When we have as great assurance that a thing is, as we could possibly, supposing it were, we ought not to make any doubt of its existence. Tillotson.
2. To imagine; to believe; to receive as true. How easy is a bush supposed a bear! Shak. Let not my lord suppose that they have slain all the young men, the king's sons; for Amnon only is dead. 2 Sam. xiii. 32.
3. To require to exist or to be true; to imply by the laws of thought or of nature; as, purpose supposes foresight. One falsehood always supposes another, and renders all you can say suspected. Female Quixote.
4. To put by fraud in the place of another. [Obs.]
Syn. -- To imagine; believe; conclude; judge; consider; view; regard; conjecture; assume.
SUPPOSE Sup*pose", v. i.
Defn: To make supposition; to think; to be of opinion. Acts ii. 15.
SUPPOSE Sup*pose", n.
Defn: Supposition. [Obs.] Shak. "A base suppose that he is honest." Dryden.
SUPPOSEER Sup*pose"er, n.
Defn: One who supposes.
SUPPOSITION Sup`po*si"tion, n. Etym: [F. supposition, L. suppositio a placing under, a substitution, fr. supponere, suppositium, to put under, to substitute. The word has the meaning corresponding to suppose. See Sub-, and Position.]
1. The act of supposing, laying down, imagining, or considering as true or existing, what is known not to be true, or what is not proved.
2. That which is supposed; hypothesis; conjecture; surmise; opinion or belief without sufficient evidence. This is only an infallibility upon supposition that if a thing be true, it is imposible to be false. Tillotson. He means are in supposition. Shak.
SUPPOSITIONAL Sup`po*si"tion*al, a.
Defn: Resting on supposition; hypothetical; conjectural; supposed. South.
SUPPOSITITIOUS Sup*pos`i*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. suppositicus. See Supposition.]
1. Fraudulently substituted for something else; not being what is purports to be; not genuine; spurious; counterfeit; as, a supposititious child; a supposititious writing. Bacon.
2. Suppositional; hypothetical. [R.] Woodward. -- Sup*pos`i*ti"tious*ly, adv. -- Sup*pos`i*ti"tious*ness, n.
SUPPOSITIVE Sup*pos"i*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. suppositif.]
Defn: Including or implying supposition, or hypothesis; supposed. -- Sup*pos"i*tive*ly, adv. Hammond.
SUPPOSITIVE Sup*pos"i*tive, n.
Defn: A word denoting or implying supposition, as the words if, granting, provided, etc. Harris.
SUPPOSITOR Sup*pos"i*tor, n. (Med.)
Defn: An apparatus for the introduction of suppositories into the rectum.
SUPPOSITORY Sup*pos"i*to*ry, n.; pl. Suppositories. Etym: [LL. suppositorium, fr. L. suppositorius that is placed underneath: cf. F. suppositoire. See Supposition.] (Med.)
Defn: A pill or bolus for introduction into the rectum; esp., a cylinder or cone of medicated cacao butter.
SUPPOSURE Sup*po"sure, n.
Defn: Supposition; hypothesis; conjecture. [Obs.] Hudibras.
SUPPRESS Sup*press", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suppressed; p. pr. & vb. n. Suppressing.] Etym: [L. suppressus, p.p. of supprimere to suppress; sub under + premere, pressum, to press. See Sub-, and Press.]
1. To overpower and crush; to subdue; to put down; to quell. Every rebellion, when it is suppressed, doth make the subject weaker, and the prince stronger. Sir J. Davies.
2. To keep in; to restrain from utterance or vent; as, to suppress the voice; to suppress a smile. Sir W. Scott.
3. To retain without disclosure; to conceal; not to reveal; to prevent publication of; as, to suppress evidence; to suppress a pamphlet; to suppress the truth. She suppresses the name, and this keeps him in a pleasing suspense. Broome.
4. To stop; to restrain; to arrest the discharges of; as, to suppress a diarrhea, or a hemorrhage.
Syn. -- To repress; restrain; put down; overthrow; overpower; overwhelm; conceal; stifle; stop; smother.
SUPPRESSIBLE Sup*press"i*ble, a.
Defn: That may be suppressed.
SUPPRESSION Sup*pres"sion, n. Etym: [L. suppressio: cf. F. suppression.]
1. The act of suppressing, or the state of being suppressed; repression; as, the suppression of a riot, insurrection, or tumult; the suppression of truth, of reports, of evidence, and the like.
2. (Med.)
Defn: Complete stoppage of a natural secretion or excretion; as, suppression of urine; -- used in contradiction to retention, which signifies that the secretion or excretion is retained without expulsion. Quain.
3. (Gram.)
Defn: Omission; as, the suppression of a word.
Syn. -- Overthrow; destruction; concealment; repression; detention; retention; obstruction.
SUPPRESSIVE Sup*press"ive, a.
Defn: Tending to suppress; subduing; concealing.
SUPPRESSOR Sup*press"or, n. Etym: [L., hider.]
Defn: One who suppresses.
SUPPRISE Sup*prise", v. t.
Defn: To surprise. [Obs.] Chaucer.
SUPPURANT Sup"pu*rant, n. (Med.)
Defn: A suppurative.
SUPPURATE Sup"pu*rate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Suppurated; p. pr. & vb. n. Suppurating.] Etym: [L. suppuratus, p.p. of suppurare to suppurate, cause to suppurate; sub under + pus, puris, matter. See Pus.]
Defn: To generate pus; as, a boil or abscess suppurates.
SUPPURATE Sup"pu*rate, v. t.
Defn: To cause to generate pus; as, to suppurate a sore. Arbuthnot.
SUPPURATION Sup`pu*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. suppuratio: cf. F. suppuration.]
1. The act or process of suppurating.
2. The matter produced by suppuration; pus.
SUPPURATIVE Sup"pu*ra*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. suppuratif.]
Defn: Tending to suppurate; promoting suppuration. Suppurative fever (Med.), pyæmia.
SUPPURATIVE Sup"pu*ra*tive, n. (Med.)
Defn: A suppurative medicine.
SUPPUTATE Sup"pu*tate, v. t. Etym: [L. supputatus, p.p. of supputare. See Suppute.]
Defn: To suppute. [Obs.]
SUPPUTATION Sup`pu*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. supputatio: cf. F. supputation.]
Defn: Reckoning; account. [Obs.]
SUPPUTE Sup*pute", v. t. Etym: [F. supputer, or L. supputare; sub under + putare to reckon.]
Defn: To reckon; to compute; to suppose; to impute. [Obs.] Drayton.
SUPRA Su"pra, adv. Etym: [L.; akin to super. See Super-.]
Defn: Over; above; before; also, beyond; besides; -- much used as a prefix.
SUPRA-ACROMIAL Su`pra-a*cro"mi*al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above the acromial process of the scapula.
SUPRA-ANGULAR Su`pra-an"gu*lar, a. (Anat.)
Defn: See Surangular.
SUPRA-AURICULAR Su`pra-au*ric"u*lar, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Situated above the ear coverts, or auriculars; -- said of certain feathers of birds. -- n.
Defn: A supra-auricular feather.
SUPRA-AXILLARY Su"pra-ax"il*la*ry, a. (Bot.)
Defn: Growing above the axil; inserted above the axil, as a peduncle. See Suprafoliaceous.
SUPRABRANCHIAL Su`pra*bran"chi*al, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Situated above the branchiæ; -- applied especially to the upper division of the gill cavity of bivalve mollusks.
SUPRACHOROID; SUPRACHOROIDAL Su`pra*cho"roid, Su`pra*cho*roid"al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above the choroid; -- applied to the layer of the choroid coat of the eyeball next to the sclerotic.
SUPRACILIARY Su`pra*cil"i*a*ry, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Superciliary.
SUPRACLAVICLE Su`pra*clav"i*cle, n. (Anat.)
Defn: A bone which usually connects the clavicle with the post- temporal in the pectorial arch of fishes.
SUPRACLAVICULAR Su`pra*cla*vic"u*lar, a. (Anat.) (a) Situated above the clavicle. (b) Of or pertaining to the supraclavicle.
SUPRACONDYLAR; SUPRACONDYLOID Su`pra*con"dy*lar, Su`pra*con"dy*loid, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above a condyle or condyles.
SUPRACOSTAL Su`pra*cos"tal, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above, or on the outside of, the ribs.
SUPRACRANIAL Su`pra*cra"ni*al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above, or in the roof of, the cranium.
SUPRACRETACEOUS Su`pra*cre*ta"ceous, a. (Geol.)
Defn: Lying above the chalk; Supercretaceous.
SUPRADECOMPOUND Su`pra*de*com"pound, a. (Bot.)
Defn: More than decompound; divided many times.
SUPRA-ESOPHAGAL; SUPRA-ESOPHAGEAL Su`pra-e*soph"a*gal, Su`pra-e`so*phag"e*al, a. (Bot. & Zoöl.)
Defn: Situated above, or on the dorsal side of, the esophagus; as, the supra-esophageal ganglion of Crustacea. [Written also supra- oesophagal, and supra-oesophageal.]
SUPRA-ETHMOID Su`pra-eth"moid, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Above, or on the dorsal side of, the ethmoid bone or cartilage.
SUPRAFOLIACEOUS Su`pra*fo`li*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)
Defn: Inserted into the stem above the leaf, petiole, or axil, as a peduncle or flower.
SUPRAGLOTIC Su`pra*glot"ic, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above the glottis; -- applied to that part of the cavity of the larynx above the true vocal cords.
SUPRAHEPATIC Su`pra*he*pat"ic, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated over, or on the dorsal side of, the liver; -- applied to the branches of the hepatic veins.
SUPRAHYOID Su`pra*hy"oid, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Hyomental.
SUPRA-ILIUM Su`pra-il"i*um, n. (Anat.)
Defn: The cartilaginous cap at the sacral end of the ilium of some animals.
SUPRALAPSARIAN Su`pra*lap*sa"ri*an, n. Etym: [Supra- + lapse: cf. F. supralapsaire.] (Eccl. Hist.)
Defn: One of that class of Calvinists who believed that God's decree of election determined that man should fall, in order that the opportunity might be furnished of securing the redemption of a part of the race, the decree of salvation being conceived of as formed before or beyond, and not after or following, the lapse, or fall. Cf. Infralapsarian.
SUPRALAPSARIAN Su`pra*lap*sa"ri*an, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Supralapsarians, or their doctrine.
SUPRALAPSARIANISM Su`pra*lap*sa"ri*an*ism, n.
Defn: The doctrine, belief, or principles of the Supralapsarians.
SUPRALAPSARY Su`pra*lap"sa*ry, a.
Defn: Supralapsarian.
SUPRALAPSARY Su`pra*lap"sa*ry, n.
Defn: A Supralapsarian.
SUPRALORAL Su`pra*lo"ral, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Situated above the lores; as, the supraloral feathers of a bird. -- n.
Defn: A supraloral feather.
SUPRALUNAR; SUPRALUNARY Su`pra*lu"nar, Su`pra*lu"na*ry, a.
Defn: Beyond the moon; hence, very lofty.
SUPRAMAXILLA Su`pra*max"il*la, n.; pl. Supramaxillæ (. (Anat.)
Defn: The upper jaw or maxilla.
SUPRAMAXILLARY Su`pra*max"il*la*ry, a. (Anat.) (a) Situated over the lower jaw; as, the supramaxillary nerve. (b) Of or pertaining to the upper jaw.
SUPRAMUNDANE Su`pra*mun"dane, a.
Defn: Being or situated above the world or above our system; celestial.
SUPRANATURALISM Su`pra*nat"u*ral*ism, n.
Defn: The state of being supernatural; belief in supernatural agency or revelation; supernaturalism.
SUPRANATURALIST Su`pra*nat"u*ral*ist, n.
Defn: A supernaturalist.
SUPRANATURALIST; SUPRANATURALISTIC Su`pra*nat"u*ral*ist, Su`pra*nat`u*ral*is"tic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to supernaturalism; supernaturalistic.
SUPRAOCCIPITAL Su`pra*oc*cip"i*tal, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated over, or in the upper part of, the occiput; of or pertaining to the supraoccipital bone. -- n.
Defn: The supraoccipital bone. Supraoccipital bone (Anat.), a bone on the dorsal side of the great foramen of the skull, usually forming a part of the occipital in the adult, but distinct in the young.
SUPRAOCULAR Su`pra*oc"u*lar, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Above the eyes; -- said of certain scales of fishes and reptiles.
SUPRA-OESOPHAGAL Su`pra-oe*soph"a*gal, a. (Anat.)
Defn: See Supra-esophagal.
SUPRAORBITAL; SUPRAORBITAR Su`pra*or"bit*al, Su`pra*or"bit*ar, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above the orbit of the eye. Supraorbital point (Anat.), the middle point of the supraorbital line, which is a line drawn across the narrowest part of the forehead, separating the face from the cranium; the ophryon.
SUPRAPEDAL Su*prap"e*dal, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Situated above the foot of a mollusk; as, the suprapedal gland.
SUPRAPROTEST Su`pra*pro"test, n. (Mercantile Law)
Defn: An acceptance of a bill by a third person after protest for nonacceptance by the drawee. Burrill.
SUPRAPUBIAN; SUPRAPUBIC Su`pra*pu"bi*an, Su`pra*pu"bic, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above, or anterior to, the pubic bone.
SUPRARENAL Su`pra*re"nal, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above, or anterior to, the kidneys. -- n.
Defn: A suprarenal capsule. Suprarenal capsules (Anat.), two small bodies of unknown function in front of, or near, the kidneys in most vertebrates. Also called renal capsules, and suprarenal bodies.
SUPRASCALPULAR; SUPRASCALPULARY Su`pra*scalp"u*lar, Su`pra*scalp"u*la*ry, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above, or on the anterior side of, the scapula.
SUPRASPHENOIDAL Su`pra*sphe*noid"al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above the sphenoidal bone; as, the suprasphenoidal appendage, or pituitary body.
SUPRASPINAL Su`pra*spi"nal, a. (Anat.) (a) Situated above the vertebral column. (b) Situated above a spine or spines; supraspinate; supraspinous.
SUPRASPINATE; SUPRASPINOUS Su`pra*spi"nate, Su`pra*spi"nous, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above a spine or spines; especially, situated above, or on the dorsal side of, the neural spines of the vertebral column, or above, or in front of, the spine of the scapula.
SUPRASTAPEDIAL Su`pra*sta*pe"di*al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, that part of the columella of the ear which projects above the connection with the stapes, as in many animals. -- n.
Defn: The suprastapedial part of the columella.
SUPRASTERNAL Su`pra*ster"nal, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above, or anterior to, the sternum.
SUPRATEMPORAL Su`pra*tem"po*ral, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above the temporal bone or temporal fossa. -- n.
Defn: A supratemporal bone.
SUPRATROCHLEAR Su`pra*troch"le*ar, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated over or above a trochlea or trochlear surface; -- applied esp. to one of the subdivisions of the trigeminal nerve.
SUPRAVAGINAL Su`pra*vag"i*nal, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above or outside a sheath or vaginal membrane.
SUPRAVISION Su`pra*vi"sion, n.
Defn: Supervision. [Obs.]
SUPRAVISOR Su`pra*vis"or, n.
Defn: A supervisor. [Obs.]
SUPRAVULGAR Su`pra*vul"gar, a.
Defn: Being above the vulgar or common people. [R.] Collier.
SUPREMACY Su*prem"a*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. suprématie. See Supreme.]
Defn: The state of being supreme, or in the highest station of power; highest or supreme authority or power; as, the supremacy of a king or a parliament. The usurped power of the pope being destroyed, the crown was restored to its supremacy over spiritual men and causes. Blackstone. Oath supremacy, an oath which acknowledges the supremacy of the sovereign in spiritual affairs, and renounced or abjures the supremacy of the pope in ecclesiastical or temporal affairs. [Eng.] Brande & C.
SUPREME Su*preme", a. Etym: [L. supremus, superlative of superus that is above, upper, fr. super above: cf. F. suprême. See Super-, and cf. Sum.]
1. Highest in authority; holding the highest place in authority, government, or power. He that is the supreme King of kings. Shak.
2. Highest; greatest; most excellent or most extreme; utmost; greatist possible (sometimes in a bad sense); as, supreme love; supreme glory; supreme magnanimity; supreme folly. Each would be supreme within its own sphere, and those spheres could not but clash. De Quincey.
3. (Bot.)
Defn: Situated at the highest part or point. The Supreme, the Almighty; God.
SUPREMELY Su*preme"ly, adv.
Defn: In a supreme manner.
SUPREMITY Su*prem"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. supremitas.]
Defn: Supremacy. [Obs.] Fuller.
SUR- Sur-. Etym: [F. sur over, above, contr. fr. L. super, supra. See Super-.]
Defn: A prefix signifying over, above, beyond, upon.
SURA Su"ra, n. Etym: [Ar., a step, a degree.]
Defn: One of the sections or chapters of the Koran, which are one hundred and fourteen in number.
SURADANNI Su`ra*dan"ni, n.
Defn: A valuable kind of wood obtained on the shores of the Demerara River in South America, much used for timbers, rails, naves and fellies of wheels, and the like.
SURADDITION Sur`ad*di"tion, n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: Something added or appended, as to a name. [Obs.] Shak.
SURAH Su"rah, n.
Defn: A soft twilled silk fabric much used for women's dresses; -- called also surah silk.
SURAL Su"ral, a. Etym: [L. sura the calf of the leg: cf. F. sural.] (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the calf of the leg; as, the sural arteries.
SURANCE Sur"ance, n.
Defn: Assurance. [Obs.] Shak.
SURANGULAR Sur*an"gu*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. sur- + angular.] (Anat.)
Defn: Above the angular bone; supra-angular; -- applied to a bone of the lower jaw in many reptiles and birds. -- n.
Defn: The surangular bone.
SURBASE Sur"base`, n. Etym: [Pref. sur- + base.]
1. (Arch.)
Defn: A cornice, or series of moldings, on the top of the base of a pedestal, podium, etc. See Illust. of Column.
2. A board or group of moldings running round a room on a level with the tops of the chair backs. Knight.
SURBASED Sur"based`, a. (Arch.) (a) Having a surbase, or molding above the base. (b) Etym: [F. surbaissé.]
Defn: Having the vertical height from springing line to crown less than the half span; -- said of an arch; as, a segmental arch is surbased.
SURBATE Sur*bate", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surbated; p. pr. & vb. n. Surbating.] Etym: [F. solbatu, p.p., bruised (said of a horse's foot); sole a sole (of a horse's foot) + battu, p.p. of battre to beat.]
1. To make sore or bruise, as the feet by travel. [Obs.] Lest they their fins should bruise, and surbate sore Their tender feet upon the stony ground. Spenser. Chalky land surbates and spoils oxen's feet. Mortimer.
2. To harass; to fatigue. [Obs.] Clarendon.
SURBEAT Sur*beat", v. t.
Defn: Same as Surbate. [Obs.]
SURBED Sur*bed", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surbedded; p. pr. & vb. n. Surbedding.] Etym: [Pref. sur- + bed.]
Defn: To set edgewise, as a stone; that is, to set it in a position different from that which it had in the quarry. It . . . has something of a grain parallel with the horizon, and therefore should not be surbedded. Gilbert White.
SURBET Sur*bet", v. t.
Defn: Same as Surbate. [Obs.]
SURBET Sur*bet", a.
Defn: Surbated; bruised. [Obs.] Spenser.
SURCEASE Sur*cease", n. Etym: [F. sursis, from sursis, p.p. of surseoir to suspend, postpone, defer, in OF., to delay, refrain from, forbear, L. supersedere. Surcease is not connected with E. cease. See Supersede.]
Defn: Cessation; stop; end. "Not desire, but its surcease." Longfellow. It is time that there were an end and surcease made of this immodest and deformed manner of writing. Bacon.
SURCEASE Sur*cease", v. t.
Defn: To cause to cease; to end. [Obs.] "The waves . . . their range surceast." Spenser. The nations, overawed, surceased the fight. Dryden.
SURCEASE Sur*cease", v. i.
Defn: To cease. [Obs.]
SURCEASEANCE Sur*cease"ance, n.
Defn: Cessation. [Obs.]
SURCHARGE Sur*charge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surcharged; p. pr. & vb. n. Surcharging.] Etym: [F. surcharger. See Sur-, and Charge, and cf. Overcharge, Supercharge, Supercargo.]
1. To overload; to overburden; to overmatch; to overcharge; as, to surcharge a beast or a ship; to surcharge a cannon. Four charged two, and two surcharged one. Spenser. Your head reclined, as hiding grief from view, Droops like a rose surcharged with morning dew. Dryden.
2. (Law) (a) To overstock; especially, to put more cattle into, as a common, than the person has a right to do, or more than the herbage will sustain. Blackstone. (b) (Equity) To show an omission in (an account) for which credit ought to have been given. Story. Daniel.
SURCHARGE Sur*charge", n. Etym: [F.]
1. An overcharge; an excessive load or burden; a load greater than can well be borne. A numerous nobility causeth poverty and inconvenience in a state, for it is surcharge of expense. Bacon.
2. (Law) (a) The putting, by a commoner, of more beasts on the common than he has a right to. (b) (Equity) The showing an omission, as in an account, for which credit ought to have been given. Burrill.
SURCHARGEMENT Sur*charge"ment, n.
Defn: The act of surcharging; also, surcharge, surplus. [Obs.] Daniel.
SURCHARGER Sur*char"ger, n.
Defn: One who surcharges.
SURCINGLE Sur"cin`gle, n. Etym: [OE. sursengle, OF. sursangle. See Sur-, and Cingle, Shingles.]
1. A belt, band, or girth which passes over a saddle, or over anything laid on a horse's back, to bind it fast.
2. (Eccl.)
Defn: The girdle of a cassock, by which it is fastened round the waist.
SURCINGLED Sur"cin`gled, a.
Defn: Bound with the surcingle.
SURCLE Sur"cle, n. Etym: [L. surculus.]
Defn: A little shoot; a twig; a sucker. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
SURCLOY Sur"cloy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surcloyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Surcloying.]
Defn: To surfeit. [Obs.]
SURCOAT Sur"coat`, n. Etym: [OE. surcote, OF. surcote. See Sur-, and Coat, and cf. Overcoat.]
1. A coat worn over the other garments; especially, the long and flowing garment of knights, worn over the armor, and frequently emblazoned with the arms of the wearer. A long surcoat of pers upon he had.. Chaucer. At night, or in the rain, He dons a surcoat which he doffs at morn. Emerson.
2. A name given to the outer garment of either sex at different epochs of the Middle Ages.
SURCREW Sur"crew`, n. Etym: [From F. surcroît increase, or surcrû, p.p. of surcroître to overgrow.]
Defn: Increase; addition; surplus. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.
SURCULATE Sur"cu*late, v. t. Etym: [L. surculatus, p.p. of surculare to purne, from surculus a shoot, sprout. See Surcle.]
Defn: To purne; to trim. [Obs.] Cockeram.
SURCULATION Sur`cu*la"tion, n.
Defn: Act of purning. [Obs.]
SURCULOSE Sur"cu*lose`, a. Etym: [CF. L. sucrulosus woody. See Surcle.] (Bot.)
Defn: Producing suckers, or shoots resembling suckers.
SURD Surd, a. Etym: [L. surdus deaf (whence the meaning, deaf to reason, irrational), perhaps akin to E. swart. Cf. Sordine.]
1. Net having the sense of hearing; deaf. [Obs.] "A surd . . . generation." Sir T. Browne.
2. Unheard. [Obs.] Kenrick.
3. (Math.)
Defn: Involving surds; not capable of being expressed in rational numbers; radical; irrational; as, a surd expression or quantity; a surd number.
4. (Phonetics)
Defn: Uttered, as an element of speech, without tone, or proper vocal sound; voiceless; unintonated; nonvocal; atonic; whispered; aspirated; sharp; hard, as f, p, s, etc.; -- opposed to sonant. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§169, 179, 180.
SURD Surd, n. (Math.)
1. A quantity which can not be expressed by rational numbers; thus, *2 is a surd.
2. (Phon.)
Defn: A surd element of speech. See Surd, a., 4.
SURDAL Surd"al, a. (Math.)
Defn: Same as Surd, a., 3.
SURDINY Surd"i*ny, n.
Defn: A sardine. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
SURDITY Surd"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. surditas.]
Defn: Deafness. [Obs.]
SURE Sure, a. [Compar. Surer; superl. Surest.] Etym: [OE. sur, OF. seür, F. sûr, L. securus; se aside, without + cura care. See Secure, and cf. Assure, Insure, Sicker sure.]
1. Certainly knowing and believing; confident beyond doubt; implicity trusting; unquestioning; positive. We are sure that the judgment of God is according to truth against them which commit such things. Rom. ii. 2. I'm sure care 's an enemy of life. Shak.
2. Certain to find or retain; as, to be sure of game; to be sure of success; to be sure of life or health.
3. Fit or worthy to be depended on; certain not to fail or disappoint expectation; unfailing; strong; permanent; enduring. "His sure word." Keble. The Lord will certainly make my lord a sure house; because my lord fighteth the battles of the Lord. 1 Sam. xxv. 28. The testimony of the Lord is sure. Ps. xix. 7. Which put in good sure leather sacks. Chapman.
4. Betrothed; engaged to marry. [Obs.] The king was sure to Dame Elizabeth Lucy, and her husband before God. Sir T. More. I presume . . . that you had been sure as fast as faith could bind you, man and wife. Brome.
5. Free from danger; safe; secure. Fear not; the forest is not three leagues off; If we recover that we are sure enough. Shak. -- To be sure, or Be sure, certainly; without doubt; as, Shall you do To be sure I shall. -- To make sure. (a) To make certain; to secure so that there can be no failure of the purpose or object. "Make Cato sure." Addison. "A peace can not fail, provided we make sure of Spain." Sir W. Temple. (b) To betroth. [Obs.] She that's made sure to him she loves not well. Cotgrave.
Syn. -- Certain; unfailing; infallible; safe; firm; permanent; steady; stable; strong; secure; indisputable; confident; positive.
SURE Sure, adv.
Defn: In a sure manner; safely; certainly. "Great, sure, shall be thy meed." Spenser. 'T is pleasant, sure, to see one's name in print. Byron.
SURE-FOOTED Sure"-foot`ed, a.
Defn: Not liable to stumble or fall; as, a sure-footed horse.
SURELY Sure"ly, adv.
1. In a sure or certain manner; certainly; infallibly; undoubtedly; assuredly. In the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die. Gen. ii. 17. He that created something out of nothing, surely can raise great things out of small. South.
2. Without danger; firmly; steadly; securely. He that walketh uprightly walketh surely. Prov. x. 9.
SUREMENT Sure"ment, n.
Defn: A making sure; surety. [Obs.] Every surement and every bond. Chaucer.
SURENESS Sure"ness, n.
Defn: The state of being sure; certainty. For more sureness he repeats it. Woodward. The law holds with equal sureness for all right action. Emerson.
SURESBY Sures"by, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain. See Rudesby.]
Defn: One to be sure of, or to be relied on. [Obs.] There is one which is suresby, as they say, to serve, if anything will serve. Bradford.
SURETISHIP Sure"ti*ship, n.
Defn: Suretyship. Prov. xi. 15.
SURETY Sure"ty, n.; pl. Sureties. Etym: [OE. seurte, OF. seürté, F. sûreté. See Sure, Security.]
1. The state of being sure; certainty; security. Know of a surety, that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs. Gen. xv. 13. For the more surety they looked round about. Sir P. Sidney.
2. That which makes sure; that which confirms; ground of confidence or security. [We] our happy state Hold, as you yours, while our obedience holds; On other surety none. Milton.
3. Security against loss or damage; security for payment, or for the performance of some act. There remains unpaid A hundred thousand more; in surety of the which One part of Aquitaine is bound to us. Shak.
4. (Law)
Defn: One who is bound with and for another who is primarily liable, and who is called the principal; one who engages to answer for another's appearance in court, or for his payment of a debt, or for performance of some act; a bondsman; a bail. He that is surety for a stranger shall smart for it. Prov. xi. 15.
5. Hence, a substitute; a hostage. Cowper.
6. Evidence; confirmation; warrant. [Obs.] She called the saints to surety, That she would never put it from her finger, Unless she gave it to yourself. Shak.
SURETY Sure"ty, v. t.
Defn: To act as surety for. [Obs.] Shak.
SURETYSHIP Sure"ty*ship, n.
Defn: The state of being surety; the obligation of a person to answer for the debt, default, or miscarriage of another. Bouvier.
SURF Surf, n. Etym: [Formerly spelled suffe, and probably the same word as E. sough.]
Defn: The swell of the sea which breaks upon the shore, esp. upon a sloping beach. Surf bird (Zoöl.), a ploverlike bird of the genus Aphriza, allied to the turnstone. -- Surf clam (Zoöl.), a large clam living on the open coast, especially Mactra, or Spisula, solidissima. See Mactra. -- Surf duck (Zoöl.), any one of several species of sea ducks of the genus Oidemia, especially O. percpicillata; -- called also surf scoter. See the Note under Scoter. -- Surf fish (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of California embiotocoid fishes. See Embiotocoid. -- Surf smelt. (Zoöl.) See Smelt. -- Surf whiting. (Zoöl.) See under Whiting.
SURF Surf, n.
Defn: The bottom of a drain. [Prov. Eng.]
SURFACE Sur"face`, n. Etym: [F. See Sur-, and Face, and cf. Superficial.]
1. The exterior part of anything that has length and breadth; one of the limits that bound a solid, esp. the upper face; superficies; the outside; as, the surface of the earth; the surface of a diamond; the surface of the body. The bright surface of this ethereous mold. Milton.
2. Hence, outward or external appearance. Vain and weak understandings, which penetrate no deeper than the surface. V. Knox.
3. (Geom.)
Defn: A magnitude that has length and breadth without thickness; superficies; as, a plane surface; a spherical surface.
4. (Fort.)
Defn: That part of the side which is terminated by the flank prolonged, and the angle of the nearest bastion. Stocqueler. Caustic surface, Heating surface, etc. See under Caustic, Heating, etc. -- Surface condensation, Surface condenser. See under Condensation, and Condenser. -- Surface gauge (Mach.), an instrument consisting of a standard having a flat base and carrying an adjustable pointer, for gauging the evenness of a surface or its height, or for marking a line parallel with a surface. -- Surface grub (Zoöl.), the larva of the great yellow underwing moth (Triphoena pronuba). It is often destructive to the roots of grasses and other plants. -- Surface plate (Mach.), a plate having an accurately dressed flat surface, used as a standard of flatness by which to test other surfaces. -- Surface printing, printing from a surface in relief, as from type, in distinction from plate printing, in which the ink is contained in engraved lines.
SURFACE Sur"face, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surfaced; p. pr. & vb. n. Surfacing.]
1. To give a surface to; especially, to cause to have a smooth or plain surface; to make smooth or plain.
2. To work over the surface or soil of, as ground, in hunting for gold.
SURFACE LOADING Sur"face load`ing. (Aëronautics)
Defn: The weight supported per square unit of surface; the quotient obtained by dividing the gross weight, in pounds, of a fully loaded flying machine, by the total area, in square feet, of its supporting surface.
SURFACER Sur"fa*cer, n.
Defn: A form of machine for dressing the surface of wood, metal, stone, etc.
SURFACE TENSION Sur"face ten"sion. (Physics)
Defn: That property, due to molecular forces, which exists in the surface film of all liquids and tends to bring the contained volume into a form having the least superficial area. The thickness of this film, amounting to less than a thousandth of a millimeter, is considered to equal the radius of the sphere of molecular action, that is, the greatest distance at which there is cohesion between two particles. Particles lying below this film, being equally acted on from all sides, are in equilibrium as to forces of cohesion, but those in the film are on the whole attracted inward, and tension results.
SURFBOAT Surf"boat`, n. (Naut.)
Defn: A boat intended for use in heavy surf. It is built with a pronounced sheer, and with a view to resist the shock of waves and of contact with the beach.
SURFEIT Sur"feit, n. Etym: [OE. surfet, OF. surfait, sorfait, excess, arrogance, crime, fr. surfaire, sorfaire, to augment, exaggerate, F. surfaire to overcharge; sur over + faire to make, do, L. facere. See Sur-, and Fact.]
1. Excess in eating and drinking. Let not Sir Surfeit sit at thy board. Piers Plowman. Now comes the sick hour that his surfeit made. Shak.
2. Fullness and oppression of the system, occasioned often by excessive eating and drinking. To prevent surfeit and other diseases that are incident to those that heat their blood by travels. Bunyan.
3. Disgust caused by excess; satiety. Sir P. Sidney. Matter and argument have been supplied abundantly, and even to surfeit. Burke.
SURFEIT Sur"feit, v. i.
1. To load the stomach with food, so that sickness or uneasiness ensues; to eat to excess. They are as sick that surfeit with too much as they that starve with nothing. Shak.
2. To indulge to satiety in any gratification.
SURFEIT Sur"feit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surfeited; p. pr. & vb. n. Surfeiting.]
1. To feed so as to oppress the stomach and derange the function of the system; to overfeed, and produce satiety, sickness, or uneasiness; -- often reflexive; as, to surfeit one's self with sweets.
2. To fill to satiety and disgust; to cloy; as, he surfeits us with compliments. V. Knox.
SURFEITER Sur"feit*er, n.
Defn: One who surfeits. Shak.
SURFEIT-WATER Sur"feit-wa`ter, n.
Defn: Water for the cure of surfeits. [Obs.] Locke.
SURFEL; SURFLE Sur"fel, Sur"fle, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Sulphur.]
Defn: To wash, as the face, with a cosmetic water, said by some to be prepared from the sulphur. [Obs.] She shall no oftener powder her hair, [or] surfel her cheeks, . . . but she shall as often gaze on my picture. Ford.
SURFER Surf"er, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The surf duck. [U. S.]
SURFMAN Surf"man, n.; pl. Surmen (.
Defn: One who serves in a surfboat in the life-saving service.
SURFOOT Sur"foot`, a.
Defn: Tired or sore of foot from travel; lamed. [Obs.] Nares.
SURFY Surf"y, a.
Defn: Consisting of, abounding in, or resembling, surf; as, a surfy shore. Scarce had they cleared the surfy waves That foam around those frightful caves. Moore.
SURGE Surge, n. Etym: [L. surgere, surrectum, to raise, to rise; sub under + regere to direct: cf. OF. surgeon, sourgeon, fountain. See Regent, and cf. Insurrection, Sortie, Source.]
1. A spring; a fountain. [Obs.] "Divers surges and springs of water." Ld. Berners.
2. A large wave or billow; a great, rolling swell of water, produced generally by a high wind. He that doubteth is like the surge of the sea driven by the wind and tossed. James i. 6 (Rev. Ver.) He flies aloft, and, with impetuous roar, Pursues the foaming surges to the shore. Dryden.
3. The motion of, or produced by, a great wave.
4. The tapered part of a windlass barrel or a capstan, upon which the cable surges, or slips.
SURGE Surge, v. i.
1. To swell; to rise hifg and roll. The surging waters like a mountain rise. Spenser.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: To slip along a windlass.
SURGE Surge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surged; p. pr. & vb. n. Surging.] Etym: [Cf. F. surgir to cast anchor, to land. Cf. Surge, n.] (Naut.)
Defn: To let go or slacken suddenly, as a rope; as, to surge a hawser or messenger; also, to slacken the rope about (a capstan).
SURGEFUL Surge"ful, a.
Defn: Abounding in surges; surgy. "Tossing the surgeful tides." Drayton.
SURGELESS Surge"less, a.
Defn: Free from surges; smooth; calm.
SURGENT Sur"gent, a. Etym: [L. surgens, p.pr.]
Defn: Rising; swelling, as a flood. [R.] Robert Greene.
SURGEON Sur"geon, n. Etym: [OE. surgien, OF. surgien, contr. fr. chirurgien. See Chirurgeon.]
1. One whose profession or occupation is to cure diseases or injuries of the body by manual operation; one whose occupation is to cure local injuries or disorders (such as wounds, dislocations, tumors, etc.), whether by manual operation, or by medication and constitutional treatment.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of chætodont fishes of the family Teuthidæ, or Acanthuridæ, which have one or two sharp lancelike spines on each side of the base of the tail. Called also surgeon fish, doctor fish, lancet fish, and sea surgeon. Surgeon apothecary, one who unites the practice of surgery with that of the apothecary. Dunglison. -- Surgeon dentist, a dental surgeon; a dentist. -- Surgeon fish. See def. 2, above. -- Surgeon general. (a) In the United States army, the chief of the medical department. (b) In the British army, a surgeon ranking next below the chief of the medical department.
SURGEONCY Sur"geon*cy, n.
Defn: The office or employment of a surgeon, as in the naval or military service.
SURGEONRY Sur"geon*ry, n.
Defn: Surgery. [Obs.]
SURGERY Sur"ge*ry, n. Etym: [OE. surgenrie, surgerie; cf. OF. cirurgie, F. chirurgie, L. chirurgia, Gr. Surgeon.]
1. The art of healing by manual operation; that branch of medical science which treats of manual operations for the healing of diseases or injuries of the body; that branch of medical science which has for its object the cure of local injuries or diseases, as wounds or fractures, tumors, etc., whether by manual operation or by medicines and constitutional treatment.
2. A surgeon's operating room or laboratory.
SURGICAL Sur"gi*cal, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to surgeons or surgery; done by means of surgery; used in surgery; as, a surgical operation; surgical instruments. Surgical fever. (Med.) (a) Pyæmia. (b) Traumatic fever, or the fever accompanying inflammation.
SURGICALLY Sur"gi*cal*ly, adv.
Defn: By means of surgery.
SURGY Sur"gy, a.
Defn: Rising in surges or billows; full of surges; resembling surges in motion or appearance; swelling. "Over the surgy main." Pope.
SURICAT Su"ri*cat, n. Etym: [F. surikate, from the native name in South Africa.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Same as Zenick. [Written also suricate, surikate.]
SURINAM TOAD Su`ri*nam" toad". (Zoöl.)
Defn: A species of toad native of Surinam. See Pipa.
SURINTENDANT Sur`in*tend"ant, n. Etym: [F. See Superintendent.]
Defn: Superintendent. [R.]
SURLILY Sur"li*ly, adv.
Defn: In a surly manner.
SURLINESS Sur"li*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being surly.
SURLING Sur"ling, n. Etym: [See Surly.]
Defn: A sour, morose fellow. [Obs.] Camden.
SURLOIN Sur"loin`, n. Etym: [F. surlonge; sur upon + longe loin. See Sur-, and Loin.]
Defn: A loin of beef, or the upper part of the loin. See Sirloin, the more usual, but not etymologically preferable, orthography.
SURLY Sur"ly, a. [Compar. Surlier; superl. Surliest.] Etym: [Probably from sir, and originally meaning, sirlike, i.e., proud. See Sir, and Like, a.]
1. Arrogant; haughty. [Obs.] Cotgrave.
2. Gloomily morose; ill-natured, abrupt, and rude; severe; sour; crabbed; rough; sullen; gloomy; as, a surly groom; a surly dog; surly language; a surly look. "That surly spirit, melancholy." Shak.
3. Rough; dark; tempestuous. Now softened into joy the surly storm. Thomson.
SURMARK Sur"mark`, n. (Shipbuilding)
Defn: A mark made on the molds of a ship, when building, to show where the angles of the timbers are to be placed. [Written also sirmark.]
SURMISABLE Sur*mis"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being surmised; as, a surmisable result.
SURMISAL Sur*mis"al, n.
Defn: Surmise. [R.] Milton.
SURMISE Sur*mise", n. Etym: [OF. surmise accusation, fr. surmettre, p.p. surmis, to impose, accuse; sur (see Sur-) + mettre to put, set, L. mittere to send. See Mission.]
1. A thought, imagination, or conjecture, which is based upon feeble or scanty evidence; suspicion; guess; as, the surmisses of jealousy or of envy. [We] double honor gain From his surmise proved false. Milton. No man ought to be charged with principles he actually disowns, unless his practicies contradict his profession; not upon small surmises. Swift.
2. Reflection; thought. [Obs.] Shak.
Syn. -- Conjecture; supposition; suspicion; doubt.
SURMISE Sur*mise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surmised; p. pr. & vb. n. Surmising.]
Defn: To imagine without certain knowledge; to infer on slight grounds; to suppose, conjecture, or suspect; to guess. It wafted nearer yet, and then she knew That what before she but surmised, was true. Dryden. This change was not wrought by altering the form or position of the earth, as was surmised by a very learned man, but by dissolving it. Woodward.
SURMISER Sur*mis"er, n.
Defn: One who surmises.
SURMISING Sur*mis"ing, a. & n.
Defn: from Surmise, v.
SURMOUNT Sur*mount", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surmounted; p. pr. & vb. n. Surmounting.] Etym: [OE. sourmounten, OF. surmonter, sormonter, F. surmonter; sur over + monter to mount. See Sur-, and Mount, v. i.]
1. To rise above; to be higher than; to overtop. The mountains of Olympus, Athos, and Atlas, overreach and surmount all winds and clouds. Sir W. Raleigh.
2. To conquer; to overcome; as, to surmount difficulties or obstacles. Macaulay.
3. To surpass; to exceed. Spenser. What surmounts the reach Of human sense I shall delineate. Milton.
Syn. -- To conquer; overcome; vanquish; subdue; surpass; exceed.
SURMOUNTABLE Sur*mount"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. surmontable.]
Defn: Capable of being surmounted or overcome; superable. -- Sur*mount"a*ble*ness, n.
SURMOUNTED Sur*mount"ed, a.
1. (Arch.)
Defn: Having its vertical height greater than the half span; -- said of an arch.
2. (Her.)
Defn: Partly covered by another charge; -- said of an ordinary or other bearing.
SURMOUNTER Sur*mount"er, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, surmounts.
SURMULLET Sur*mul"let, n. Etym: [F. surmulet; saur, saure, brownish yellow, red + mulet a mullet. See Sorrel, a., and Mullet.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of various species of mullets of the family Millidæ, esp. the European species (Millus surmulletus), which is highly prized as a food fish. See Mullet.
SURMULOT Sur"mu*lot, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The brown, or Norway, rat.
SURNAME Sur"name`, n. Etym: [Pref. sur + name; really a substitution for OE. sournoun, from F. surnom. See Sur-, and Noun, Name.]
1. A name or appellation which is added to, or over and above, the baptismal or Christian name, and becomes a family name.
Note: Surnames originally designated occupation, estate, place of residence, or some particular thing or event that related to the person; thus, Edmund Ironsides; Robert Smith, or the smith; William Turner. Surnames are often also patronymics; as, John Johnson.
2. An appellation added to the original name; an agnomen. "My surname, Coriolanus." Shak.
Note: This word has been sometimes written sirname, as if it signified sire-name, or the name derived from one's father.
SURNAME Sur*name", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surnamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Surnaming.] Etym: [Cf. F. surnommer.]
Defn: To name or call by an appellation added to the original name; to give a surname to. Another shall subscribe with his hand unto the Lord, and surname himself by the name of Israel. Isa. xliv. 5. And Simon he surnamed Peter. Mark iii. 16.
SURNOMINAL Sur*nom"i*nal, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a surname or surnames.
SUROXIDATE Sur*ox"i*date, v. t. (Chem.)
Defn: To combine with oxygen so as to form a suroxide or peroxide. [Obs.]
SUROXIDE Sur*ox"ide, n. Etym: [Cf. F. suroxyde. See Sur-, and Oxide.] (Chem.)
Defn: A peroxide. [Obs.]
SURPASS Sur*pass", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surpassed; p. pr. & vb. n. Surpassing.] Etym: [F. surpasser; sur over + passer to pass. See Sur- , and Pass.]
Defn: To go beyond in anything good or bad; to exceed; to excel. This would surpass Common revenge and interrupt his joy. Milton.
Syn. -- To exceed; excel; outdo; outstrip.
SURPASSABLE Sur*pass"a*ble, a.
Defn: That may be surpassed.
SURPASSING Sur*pass"ing, a.
Defn: Eminently excellent; exceeding others. "With surpassing glory crowned." Milton. -- Sur*pass"ing*ly, adv. -- Sur*pass"ing*ness, n.
SURPHUL Sur"phul, v. t.
Defn: To surfel. [Obs.] Marston.
SURPLICE Sur"plice, n. Etym: [F. surplis, OF. surpeiz, LL. superpellicium; super over + pellicium, pelliceum, a robe of fur, L. pellicius made of skins. See Pelisse.] (Eccl.)
Defn: A white garment worn over another dress by the clergy of the Roman Catholic, Episcopal, and certain other churches, in some of their ministrations. Surplice fees (Eccl.), fees paid to the English clergy for occasional duties.
SURPLICED Sur"pliced, a.
Defn: Wearing a surplice.
SURPLUS Sur"plus, n. Etym: [F., fr. sur over + plus more. See Sur-, and Plus, and cf. Superplus.]
1. That which remains when use or need is satisfied, or when a limit is reached; excess; overplus.
2. Specifically, an amount in the public treasury at any time greater than is required for the ordinary purposes of the government.
SURPLUS Sur"plus, a.
Defn: Being or constituting a surplus; more than sufficient; as, surplus revenues; surplus population; surplus words. When the price of corn falleth, men give over surplus tillage, and break no more ground. Carew.
SURPLUSAGE Sur"plus*age, n. Etym: [See Surplus, and cf. Superplusage.]
1. Surplus; excess; overplus; as, surplusage of grain or goods beyond what is wanted. Take what thou please of all this surplusage. Spenser. A surplusage given to one part is paid out of a reduction from another part of the same creature. Emerson.
2. (Law)
Defn: Matter in pleading which is not necessary or relevant to the case, and which may be rejected.
3. (Accounts)
Defn: A greater disbursement than the charge of the accountant amounts to. [Obs.] Rees.
SURPRISAL Sur*pris"al, n. Etym: [See Surprise, n.]
Defn: The act of surprising, or state of being surprised; surprise. How to secure the lady from surprisal. Milton. Because death is uncertain, let us prevent its surprisal. Barrow.
SURPRISE Sur*prise", n. Etym: [F. surprise, fr. surprendre, surpris; sur over + prendre to take, L. prehendere. See Sur-, and Prehensile.]
1. The act of coming upon, or taking, unawares; the act of seizing unexpectedly; surprisal; as, the fort was taken by surprise.
2. The state of being surprised, or taken unawares, by some act or event which could not reasonably be foreseen; emotion excited by what is sudden and strange; a suddenly excited feeling of wonder or astonishment. Pure surprise and fear Made me to quit the house. Shak.
3. Anything that causes such a state or emotion.
4. A dish covered with a crust of raised paste, but with no other contents. [Obs.] King. Surprise party, a party of persons who assemble by mutual agreement, and without invitation, at the house of a common friend. [U.S.] Bartlett.
Syn. -- Wonder; astonishment; amazement.
SURPRISE Sur*prise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surprised; p. pr. & vb. n. Surprising.] Etym: [From Surprise, n.: cf. F. surprendre, p.p. surpris.]
1. To come or fall suddenly and unexpectedly; to take unawares; to seize or capture by unexpected attack. Fearfulness hath surprised the hypocrites. Isa. xxxiii. 14. The castle of Macduff I will surprise. Shak. Who can speak The mingled passions that surprised his heart Thomson.
2. To strike with wonder, astonishment, or confusion, by something sudden, unexpected, or remarkable; to confound; as, his conduct surprised me. I am surprised with an uncouth fear. Shak. Up he starts, Discovered and surprised. Milton.
3. To lead (one) to do suddenly and without forethought; to bring (one) into some unexpected state; -- with into; as, to be surprised into an indiscretion; to be surprised into generosity.
4. To hold possession of; to hold. [Obs.] Not with me, That in my hands surprise the sovereignity. J. Webster.
Syn. -- See Astonish.
SURPRISEMENT Sur*prise"ment, n.
Defn: Surprisal. [Obs.] Daniel.
SURPRISER Sur*pris"er, n.
Defn: One who surprises.
SURPRISING Sur*pris"ing, a.
Defn: Exciting surprise; extraordinary; of a nature to excite wonder and astonishment; as, surprising bravery; a surprising escape from danger. -- Sur*pris"ing*ly, adv. -- Sur*pris"ing*ness, n.
Syn. -- Wonderful; extraordinary; unexpected; astonishing; striking.
SURQUEDOUS; SURQUEDROUS Sur"que*dous, Sur"que*drous, a.
Defn: Having or exhibiting surquedry; arrogant; insolent. [Obs.] Gower. James II. of Scot.
SURQUEDRY; SURQUIDRY Sur"que*dry, Sur"qui*dry, n. Etym: [OF. surcuidier to presume; sur over + cuidier to think, L. cogitare. See Sur-, and Cogitate.]
Defn: Overweening pride; arrogance; presumption; insolence. [Obs.] Chaucer. Then pay you the price of your surquedry. Spenser.
SURREBOUND Sur`re*bound", v. i.
Defn: To give back echoes; to reëcho. [Obs.] Chapman.
SURREBUT Sur`re*but", v. i. Etym: [Pref. sur + rebut.] (Law)
Defn: To reply, as a plaintiff to a defendant's rebutter.
SURREBUTER Sur`re*but"er, n. (Law)
Defn: The reply of a plaintiff to a defendant's rebutter.
SURREIN Sur"rein`, v. t. Etym: [Pref. sur + rein.]
Defn: To override; to exhaust by riding. [Obs.] Shak.
SURREJOIN Sur`re*join", v. i. Etym: [Pref. sur + rejoin.] (Law)
Defn: To reply, as a plaintiff to a defendant's rejoinder.
SURREJOINDER Sur`re*join"der, n. (Law)
Defn: The answer of a plaintiff to a defendant's rejoinder.
SURRENDER Sur*ren"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surrendered; p. pr. & vb. n. Surrendering.] Etym: [OF. surrendre to deliver; sur over + rendre to render. See Sur-, and Render.]
1. To yield to the power of another; to give or deliver up possession of (anything) upon compulsion or demand; as, to surrender one's person to an enemy or to an officer; to surrender a fort or a ship.
2. To give up possession of; to yield; to resign; as, to surrender a right, privilege, or advantage. To surrender up that right which otherwise their founders might have in them. Hooker.
3. To yield to any influence, emotion, passion, or power; -- used reflexively; as, to surrender one's self to grief, to despair, to indolence, or to sleep.
4. (Law)
Defn: To yield; to render or deliver up; to give up; as, a principal surrendered by his bail, a fugitive from justice by a foreign state, or a particular estate by the tenant thereof to him in remainder or reversion.
SURRENDER Sur*ren"der, v. i.
Defn: To give up one's self into the power of another; to yield; as, the enemy, seeing no way of escape, surrendered at the first summons.
SURRENDER Sur*ren"der, n.
1. The act of surrendering; the act of yielding, or resigning one's person, or the possession of something, into the power of another; as, the surrender of a castle to an enemy; the surrender of a right. That he may secure some liberty he makes a surrender in trust of the whole of it. Burke.
2. (Law)
Defn: The yielding of a particular estate to him who has an immediate estate in remainder or reversion. (b) The giving up of a principal into lawful custody by his bail. (c) The delivry up oh fugitives from justice by one government to another, as by a foreign state. See Extradition. Wharton.
SURRENDEREE Sur*ren`der*ee", n. (Law)
Defn: The person to whom a surrender is made. Mozley & W.
SURRENDERER Sur*ren"der*er, n.
Defn: One who surrenders.
SURRENDEROR Sur*ren`der*or", n. (Law)
Defn: One who makes a surrender, as of an estate. Bouvier.
SURRENDRY Sur*ren"dry, n.
Defn: Surrender. [Obs.]
SURREPTION Sur*rep"tion, n. Etym: [L. surreptio, or subreptio. Cf. Subreption.]
1. The act or process of getting in a surreptitious manner, or by craft or stealth. Fame by surreption got May stead us for the time, but lasteth not. B. Jonson.
2. A coming unperceived or suddenly.
SURREPTITIOUS Sur`rep*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. surreptitius, or subreptitius, fr. surripere, subripere, to snatch away, to withdraw privily; sub- under + rapere to snatch. See Sub-, and Ravish.]
Defn: Done or made by stealth, or without proper authority; made or introduced fraudulently; clandestine; stealthy; as, a surreptitious passage in an old manuscript; a surreptitious removal of goods. -- Sur`rep*ti"tious*ly, adv.
SURREY Sur"rey, n.
Defn: A four-wheeled pleasure carriage, (commonly two-seated) somewhat like a phaeton, but having a straight bottom.
SURROGATE Sur"ro*gate, n. Etym: [L. surrogatus, p.p. of surrogare, subrogare, to put in another's place, to substitute; sub under + rogare to ask, ask for a vote, propose a law. See Rogation, and cf. Subrogate.]
1. A deputy; a delegate; a substitute.
2. The deputy of an ecclesiastical judge, most commonly of a bishop or his chancellor, especially a deputy who grants marriage licenses. [Eng.]
3. In some States of the United States, an officer who presides over the probate of wills and testaments and yield the settlement of estates.
SURROGATE Sur"ro*gate, v. t.
Defn: To put in the place of another; to substitute. [R.] Dr. H. More.
SURROGATESHIP Sur"ro*gate*ship, n.
Defn: The office of a surrogate.
SURROGATION Sur`ro*ga"tion, n. Etym: [See Surrogate, n., and cf. Subrogation.]
Defn: The act of substituting one person in the place of another. [R.] Killingbeck.
SURROUND Sur*round", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surrounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Surrounding.] Etym: [OF. suronder to overflow, LL. superundare; fr. L. super over + undare to rise in waves, overflow, fr. unda wave. The English sense is due to the influence of E. round. See Super-, and Undulate, and cf. Abound.]
1. To inclose on all sides; to encompass; to environ.
2. To lie or be on all sides of; to encircle; as, a wall surrounds the city. But could instead, and ever-during dark Surrounds me. Milton.
3. To pass around; to travel about; to circumnavigate; as, to surround the world. [Obs.] Fuller.
4. (Mil.)
Defn: To inclose, as a body of troops, between hostile forces, so as to cut off means of communication or retreat; to invest, as a city.
Syn. -- To encompass; encircle; environ; invest; hem in; fence about.
SURROUND Sur*round", n.
Defn: A method of hunting some animals, as the buffalo, by surrounding a herd, and driving them over a precipice, into a ravine, etc. [U.S.] Baird.
SURROUNDING Sur*round"ing, a.
Defn: Inclosing; encircling.
SURROUNDING Sur*round"ing, n.
1. An encompassing.
2. pl.
Defn: The things which surround or environ; external or attending circumstances or conditions.
SURROYAL Sur*roy"al, n. Etym: [Pref. sur- + royal.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the terminal branches or divisions of the beam of the antler of the stag or other large deer.
SURSANURE Sur"sa*nure, n. Etym: [(Assumed) OF. sursaneüre. See Sur-, and Sane.]
Defn: A wound healed or healing outwardly only. [Obs.] Of a sursanure In surgery is perilous the cure. Chaucer.
SURSEANCE Sur"se*ance, n. Etym: [OF., fr. OF. & F. surseoir. See Surcease.]
Defn: Peace; quiet. [Obs.] Bacon.
SURSOLID Sur*sol"id, n. Etym: [F. sursolide. See Sur-, and Solid.] (Math.)
Defn: The fifth power of a number; as, a is the sursolid of a, or 32 that of 2. [R.] Hutton.
SURSTYLE Sur*style", v. t.
Defn: To surname. [R.]
SURSUM CORDA Sur"sum cor"da. [L. sursum upward + corda hearts.] (Eccl.)
Defn: In the Eucharist, the versicles immediately before the preface, inviting the people to join in the service by "lifting up the heart" to God.
SURTAX Sur"tax, n.
Defn: An additional or extra tax.
SURTAX Sur*tax", v. t.
Defn: To impose an additional tax on.
SURTOUT Sur*tout", n. Etym: [F., fr. sur over + tout all.]
Defn: A man's coat to be worn over his other garments; an overcoat, especially when long, and fitting closely like a body coat. Gay.
SURTURBRAND Sur"tur*brand, n. Etym: [Icel. surtarbrandr; svartr black + brandr a firebrand.]
Defn: A fibrous brown coal or bituminous wood.
SURUCUCU Su`ru*cu"cu, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Bush master, under Bush.
SURVEILLANCE Sur*veil"lance, n. Etym: [F., fr. surveiller to watch over; sur over + veiller to watch, L. vigilare. See Sur-, and Vigil.]
Defn: Oversight; watch; inspection; supervision. That sort of surveillance of which . . . the young have accused the old. Sir W. Scott.
SURVEILLANT Sur*veil"lant, n.; pl. Surveillants. Etym: [F., fr. surveiller to watch over. See Surveillance.]
Defn: One who watches over another; an overseer; a spy; a supervisor.
SURVEILLANT Sur*veil"lant, a.
Defn: Overseeing; watchful.
SURVENE Sur*vene", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Survened; p. pr. & vb. n. Survening.] Etym: [F. survenir. See Supervene.]
Defn: To supervene upon; to come as an addition to. [Obs.] A suppuration that survenes lethargies. Harvey.
SURVENUE Sur"ve*nue, n. Etym: [OF. See Survene.]
Defn: A sudden or unexpected coming or stepping on. [Obs.]
SURVEY Sur*vey", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surveyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Surveying.] Etym: [OF. surveoir, surveer; sur, sor, over, E. sur + veoir, veeir, to see, F. voir, L. videre. See Sur-, and Vision, and cf. Supervise.]
1. To inspect, or take a view of; to view with attention, as from a high place; to overlook; as, to stand on a hill, and survey the surrounding country. Round he surveys and well might, where he stood, So high above. Milton.
2. To view with a scrutinizing eye; to examine. With such altered looks, . . . All pale and speechless, he surveyed me round. Dryden.
3. To examine with reference to condition, situation, value, etc.; to examine and ascertain the state of; as, to survey a building in order to determine its value and exposure to loss by fire.
4. To determine the form, extent, position, etc., of, as a tract of land, a coast, harbor, or the like, by means of linear and angular measurments, and the application of the principles of geometry and trigonometry; as, to survey land or a coast.
5. To examine and ascertain, as the boundaries and royalties of a manor, the tenure of the tenants, and the rent and value of the same. [Eng.] Jacob (Law Dict.).
SURVEY Sur"vey, n. Etym: [Formerly accentuated universally on the last syllable, and still so accented by many speakers.]
1. The act of surveying; a general view, as from above. Under his proud survey the city lies. Sir J. Denham.
2. A particular view; an examination, especially an official examination, of all the parts or particulars of a thing, with a design to ascertain the condition, quantity, or quality; as, a survey of the stores of a ship; a survey of roads and bridges; a survey of buildings.
3. The operation of finding the contour, dimensions, position, or other particulars of, as any part of the earth's surface, whether land or water; also, a measured plan and description of any portion of country, or of a road or line through it. Survey of dogs. See Court of regard, under Regard. -- Trigonometrical survey, a survey of a portion of country by measuring a single base, and connecting it with various points in the tract surveyed by a series of triangles, the angles of which are carefully measured, the relative positions and distances of all parts being computed from these data.
Syn. -- Review; retrospect; examination; prospect.
SURVEYAL Sur*vey"al, n.
Defn: Survey. [R.] Barrow.
SURVEYANCE Sur*vey"ance, n.
Defn: Survey; inspection. [R.]
SURVEYING Sur*vey"ing, n.
Defn: That branch of applied mathematics which teaches the art of determining the area of any portion of the earth's surface, the length and directions of the bounding lines, the contour of the surface, etc., with an accurate delineation of the whole on paper; the act or occupation of making surveys. Geodetic surveying, geodesy. -- Maritime, or Nautical, surveying, that branch of surveying which determines the forms of coasts and harbors, the entrances of rivers, with the position of islands, rocks, and shoals, the depth of water, etc. -- Plane surveying. See under Plane, a. -- Topographical surveying, that branch of surveying which involves the process of ascertaining and representing upon a plane surface the contour, physical features, etc., of any portion of the surface of the earth.
SURVEYOR Sur*vey"or, n.
1. One placed to superintend others; an overseer; an inspector. Were 't not madness then, To make the fox surveyor of the fold Shak.
2. One who views and examines for the purpose of ascertaining the condition, quantity, or quality of anything; as, a surveyor of highways, ordnance, etc.
3. One who surveys or measures land; one who practices the art of surveying.
4. (Customs) (a) An officer who ascertains the contents of casks, and the quantity of liquors subject to duty; a gauger. (b) In the United States, an officer whose duties include the various measures to be taken for ascertaining the quantity, condition, and value of merchandise brought into a port. Abbot. Surveyor general. (a) A principal surveyor; as, the surveyor general of the king's manors, or of woods and parks. [Eng.] (b) An officer having charge of the survey of the public lands of a land district. [U.S.] Davies & Peck (Math. Dict.). -- Surveyor's compass. See Circumferentor. -- Surveyor's level. See under Level.
SURVEYORSHIP Sur*vey"or*ship, n.
Defn: The office of a surveyor.
SURVIEW Sur*view", v. t. Etym: [Pref. sur- + view. Cf. Survey.]
Defn: To survey; to make a survey of. [Obs.] "To surview his ground." Spenser.
SURVIEW Sur*view", n.
Defn: A survey. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson.
SURVISE Sur*vise", v. t. Etym: [See Supervise, and Survey.]
Defn: To look over; to supervise. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
SURVIVAL Sur*viv"al, n. Etym: [From Survive.]
1. A living or continuing longer than, or beyond the existence of, another person, thing, or event; an outliving.
2. (Arhæol. & Ethnol.)
Defn: Any habit, usage, or belief, remaining from ancient times, the origin of which is often unknown, or imperfectly known. The close bearing of the doctrine of survival on the study of manners and customs. Tylor. Survival of the fittest. (Biol.) See Natural selection, under Natural.
SURVIVANCE; SURVIVANCY Sur*viv"ance, Sur*viv"an*cy, n. Etym: [F. survivance.]
Defn: Survivorship. [R.] His son had the survivance of the stadtholdership. Bp. Burnet.
SURVIVE Sur*vive", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Survived; p. pr. & vb. n. Surviving.] Etym: [F. survivre, L. supervivere; super over + vivere to live. See Super-, and Victuals.]
Defn: To live beyond the life or existence of; to live longer than; to outlive; to outlast; as, to survive a person or an event. Cowper. I'll assure her of Her widowhood, be it that she survive me, In all my lands and leases whatsoever. Shak.
SURVIVE Sur*vive", v. i.
Defn: To remain alive; to continue to live. Thy pleasure, Which, when no other enemy survives, Still conquers all the conquerors. Sir J. Denham. Alike are life and death, When life in death survives. Longfellow.
SURVIVENCY Sur*viv"en*cy, n.
Defn: Survivorship. [R.]
SURVIVER Sur*viv"er, n.
Defn: One who survives; a survivor.
SURVIVING Sur*viv"ing, a.
Defn: Remaining alive; yet living or existing; as, surviving friends; surviving customs.
SURVIVOR Sur*viv"or, n.
1. One who survives or outlives another person, or any time, event, or thing. The survivor bound In filial obligation for some term To do obsequious sorrow. Shak.
2. (Law)
Defn: The longer liver of two joint tenants, or two persons having a joint interest in anything. Blackstone.
SURVIVORSHIP Sur*viv"or*ship, n.
1. The state of being a survivor.
1. (Law)
Defn: The right of a joint tenant, or other person who has a joint interest in an estate, to take the whole estate upon the death of other. Blackstone. Chance of survivorship, the chance that a person of a given age has of surviving another of a giving age; thus, by the Carlisle tables of mortality the chances of survivorship for two persons, aged 25 and 65, are 89 and 11 respectively, or about 8 to 1 that the elder die first.
SUSCEPTIBILITY Sus*cep`ti*bil"i*ty, n.; pl. Susceptibilities. Etym: [Cf. F. susceptibilité.]
1. The state or quality of being susceptible; the capability of receiving impressions, or of being affected.
2. Specifically, capacity for deep feeling or emotional excitement; sensibility, in its broadest acceptation; impressibility; sensitiveness. Magnetic susceptibility (Physics), the intensity of magnetization of a body placed in a uniform megnetic field of unit strength. Sir W. Thomson.
Syn. -- Capability; sensibility; feeling; emotion.
SUSCEPTIBLE Sus*cep"ti*ble, a. Etym: [F., from L. suscipere, susceptum, to take up, to support, undertake, recognize, admit; pref. sus (see Sub-) + capere to take. See Capable.]
1. Capable of admitting anything additional, or any change, affection, or influence; readily acted upon; as, a body susceptible of color or of alteration. It sheds on souls susceptible of light, The glorious dawn of our eternal day. Young.
2. Capable of impression; having nice sensibility; impressible; tender; sensitive; as, children are more susceptible than adults; a man of a susceptible heart. Candidates are . . . not very susceptible of affronts. Cowper. I am constitutionally susceptible of noises. Lamb. -- Sus*cep"ti*ble*ness, n. -- Sus*cep"ti*bly, adv.
SUSCEPTION Sus*cep"tion, n. Etym: [L. susceptio: cf. F. susception. See Susceptible.]
Defn: The act of taking; reception.
SUSCEPTIVE Sus*cep"tive, a.
Defn: Susceptible. I. Watts. -- Sus*cep"tive*ness, n.
SUSCEPTIVITY Sus`cep*tiv"i*ty, n.
Defn: Capacity for receiving; susceptibility. [R.] Wollaston.
SUSCEPTOR Sus*cep"tor, n. Etym: [L. See Susceptible.]
Defn: One who undertakes anything; specifically, a godfather; a sponsor; a guardian. Puller. Shipley.
SUSCIPIENCY Sus*cip"i*en*cy, n.
Defn: Admission. [R.]
SUSCIPIENT Sus*cip"i*ent, a. Etym: [L. suscipiens, p.pr. of suscipere. See Susceptible.]
Defn: Receiving; admitting. [R.]
SUSCIPIENT Sus*cip"i*ent, n.
Defn: One who takes or admits; one who receives. [R.] Jer. Taylor.
SUSCITABILITY Sus`ci*ta*bil"i*ty, n.
Defn: Capability of being suscitated; excitability. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
SUSCITATE Sus"ci*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suscitated; p. pr. & vb. n. Suscitating.] Etym: [L. suscitatus, p.p. of suscitare to lift up, to rouse; pref. sus- (see Sub-) + citare to rouse, excite. Cf. Excite, Incite.]
Defn: To rouse; to excite; to call into life and action. [Obs.]
SUSCITATION Sus`ci*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. suscitatio: cf. F. suscitation.]
Defn: The act of raising or exciting. [R.] A mere suscitation or production of a thing. South.
SUSLIK Sus"lik, n. Etym: [Russ. súslik'.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A ground squirrel (Spermophilus citillus) of Europe and Asia. It has large cheek pouches. [Written also souslik.]
SUSPECT Sus*pect", a. Etym: [L. suspectus, p.p. of suspicere to look up, admire, esteem, to look at secretly or askance, to mistrust; sub under + specere to look: cf. F. suspect suspected, suspicious. See Spy, and cf. Suspicion.]
1. Suspicious; inspiring distrust. [Obs.] Suspect [was] his face, suspect his word also. Chaucer.
2. Suspected; distrusted. [Obs.] What I can do or offer is suspect. Milton.
SUSPECT Sus*pect", n. Etym: [LL. suspectus. See Suspect, a.]
1. Suspicion. [Obs.] Chaucer. So with suspect, with fear and grief, dismayed. Fairfax.
2. One who, or that which, is suspected; an object of suspicion; -- formerly applied to persons and things; now, only to persons suspected of crime. Bacon.
SUSPECT Sus*pect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suspected; p. pr. & vb. n. Suspecting.]
1. To imagine to exist; to have a slight or vague opinion of the existence of, without proof, and often upon weak evidence or no evidence; to mistrust; to surmise; -- commonly used regarding something unfavorable, hurtful, or wrong; as, to suspect the presence of disease. Nothing makes a man suspect much, more than to know little; and therefore men should remedy suspicion by producing to know more. Bacon. From her hand I could suspect no ill. Milton.
2. To imagine to be guilty, upon slight evidence, or without proof; as, to suspect one of equivocation.
3. To hold to be uncertain; to doubt; to mistrust; to distruct; as, to suspect the truth of a story. Addison.
4. To look up to; to respect. [Obs.]
Syn. -- To mistrust; distrust; surmise; doubt.
SUSPECT Sus*pect", v. i.
Defn: To imagine guilt; to have a suspicion or suspicions; to be suspicious. If I suspect without cause, why then make sport at time. Shak.
SUSPECTABLE Sus*pect"a*ble, a.
Defn: That may be suspected.
SUSPECTED Sus*pect"ed, a.
Defn: Distrusted; doubted. -- Sus*pect"ed*ly, adv. -- Sus*pect"ed*ness, n.
SUSPECTER Sus*pect"er, n.
Defn: One who suspects.
SUSPECTFUL Sus*pect"ful, a.
Defn: Apt to suspect or mistrust; full of suspicion; suspicious; as, to be suspectful of the motives of others. Milton. -- Sus*pect"ful*ness, n.
SUSPECTION Sus*pec"tion, n.
Defn: Suspicion. [Obs.]
SUSPECTIOUSNESS Sus*pec"tious*ness, n.
Defn: Suspiciousness; cause for suspicion. [Obs. & R.] Ld. Berners.
SUSPECTLESS Sus*pect"less, a.
1. Not suspecting; having no suspicion. [R.] Sir T. Herbert.
2. Not suspected; not mistrusted. [R.] Beau. & Fl.
SUSPEND Sus*pend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suspended; p. pr. & vb. n. Suspending.] Etym: [F. suspendre, or OF. souspendre (where the prefix is L. subtus below, from sub under), L. suspendere, suspensum; pref. sus- (see Sub-) + pendere to hang. See Pedant, and cf. Suspense, n.]
1. To attach to something above; to hang; as, to suspend a ball by a thread; to suspend a needle by a loadstone.
2. To make to depend; as, God hath suspended the promise of eternal life on the condition of obedience and holiness of life. [Archaic] Tillotson.
3. To cause to cease for a time; to hinder from proceeding; to interrupt; to delay; to stay. Suspend your indignation against my brother. Shak. The guard nor fights nor fies; their fate so near At once suspends their courage and their fear. Denham.
4. To hold in an undetermined or undecided state; as, to suspend one's judgment or opinion. Locke.
5. To debar, or cause to withdraw temporarily, from any privilege, from the execution of an office, from the enjoyment of income, etc.; as, to suspend a student from college; to suspend a member of a club. Good men should not be suspended from the exercise of their ministry and deprived of their livelihood for ceremonies which are on all hands acknowledged indifferent. Bp. Sanderson.
6. To cause to cease for a time from operation or effect; as, to suspend the habeas corpus act; to suspend the rules of a legislative body.
7. (Chem.)
Defn: To support in a liquid, as an insoluble powder, by stirring, to facilitate chemical action. To suspend payment (Com.), to cease paying debts or obligations; to fail; -- said of a merchant, a bank, etc.
Syn. -- To hang; interrupt; delay; intermit; stay; hinder; debar.
SUSPEND Sus*pend", v. i.
Defn: To cease from operation or activity; esp., to stop payment, or be unable to meet obligations or engagements (said of a commercial firm or a bank).
SUSPENDER Sus*pend"er, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, suspends; esp., one of a pair of straps or braces worn over the shoulders, for holding up the trousers.
SUSPENSATION Sus`pen*sa"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. suspensatio suspension from a charge or benefice.]
Defn: The act of suspending, or the state of being suspended, especially for a short time; temporary suspension.
SUSPENSE Sus*pense", a. Etym: [F. suspens, L. suspensus, p.p. of suspendere. See Suspend.]
1. Held or lifted up; held or prevented from proceeding. [Obs.] [The great light of day] suspense in heaven. Milton.
2. Expressing, or proceeding from, suspense or doubt. [Obs.] "Expectation held his look suspense." Milton.
SUSPENSE Sus*pense", n. Etym: [From F. suspens, a. See Suspense, a.]
1. The state of being suspended; specifically, a state of uncertainty and expectation, with anxiety or apprehension; indetermination; indecision; as, the suspense of a person waiting for the verdict of a jury. Ten days the prophet in suspense remained. Denham. Upon the ticklish balance of suspense. Cowper.
2. Cessation for a time; stop; pause. A cool suspense from pleasure and from pain. Pope.
3. Etym: [Cf. F. suspense.] (Law)
Defn: A temporary cessation of one's right; suspension, as when the rent or other profits of land cease by unity of possession of land and rent. Suspense account (Bookkeeping), an account in which receipts or disbursements are temporarily entered until their proper position in the books is determined.
SUSPENSELY Sus*pense"ly, adv.
Defn: In suspense. [Obs.] Hales.
SUSPENSIBILITY Sus*pen`si*bil"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being suspensible.
SUSPENSIBLE Sus*pen"si*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being suspended; capable of being held from sinking.
SUSPENSION Sus*pen"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. suspension, L. suspensio arched work, imperfect pronunciation. See Suspend.]
1. The act of suspending, or the state of being suspended; pendency; as, suspension from a hook.
2. Especially, temporary delay, interruption, or cessation; as: (a) Of labor, study, pain, etc. (b) Of decision, determination, judgment, etc.; as, to ask a suspension of judgment or opinion in view of evidence to be produced. (c) Of the payment of what is due; as, the suspension of a mercantile firm or of a bank. (d) Of punishment, or sentence of punishment. (e) Of a person in respect of the exercise of his office, powers, prerogative, etc.; as, the suspension of a student or of a clergyman. (f) Of the action or execution of law, etc.; as, the suspension of the habeas corpus act.
3. A conditional withholding, interruption, or delay; as, the suspension of a payment on the performance of a condition.
4. The state of a solid when its particles are mixed with, but undissolved in, a fluid, and are capable of separation by straining; also, any substance in this state.
5. (Rhet.)
Defn: A keeping of the hearer in doubt and in attentive expectation of what is to follow, or of what is to be the inference or conclusion from the arguments or observations employed.
6. (Scots Law)
Defn: A stay or postponement of execution of a sentence condemnatory by means of letters of suspension granted on application to the lord ordinary.
7. (Mus.)
Defn: The prolongation of one or more tones of a chord into the chord which follows, thus producing a momentary discord, suspending the concord which the ear expects. Cf. Retardation. Pleas in suspension (Law), pleas which temporarily abate or suspend a suit. -- Points of suspension (Mech.), the points, as in the axis or beam of a balance, at which the weights act, or from which they are suspended. -- Suspension bridge, a bridge supported by chains, ropes, or wires, which usually pass over high piers or columns at each end, and are secured in the ground beyond. -- Suspension of arms (Mil.), a short truce or cessation of operations agreed on by the commanders of contending armies, as for burying the dead, making proposal for surrender or for peace, etc. -- Suspension scale, a scale in which the platform hangs suspended from the weighing apparatus instead of resting upon it.
Syn. -- Delay; interruption; intermission; stop.
SUSPENSIVE Sus*pen"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. suspensif. See Suspend.]
Defn: Tending to suspend, or to keep in suspense; causing interruption or delay; uncertain; doubtful. "In suspensive thoughts." Beaumont. "A suspensive veto." Macaulay. The provisional and suspensive attitude. J. Morley. Suspensive condition (Scots Law), a condition precedent, or a condition without the performance of which the contract can not be completed.
SUSPENSOR Sus*pen"sor, n. Etym: [NL.]
1. A suspensory.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: The cord which suspends the embryo; and which is attached to the radicle in the young state; the proembryo.
SUSPENSORIUM Sus`pen*so"ri*um, n.; pl. Suspensoria. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)
Defn: Anything which suspends or holds up a part: especially, the mandibular suspensorium (a series of bones, or of cartilages representing them) which connects the base of the lower jaw with the skull in most vertebrates below mammals.
SUSPENSORY Sus*pen"so*ry, a.
1. Suspended; hanging; depending.
2. Fitted or serving to suspend; suspending; as, a suspensory muscle. Ray.
3. (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to a suspensorium.
SUSPENSORY Sus*pen"so*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. suspensoir, suspensoire.]
Defn: That which suspends, or holds up, as a truss; specifically (Med.),
Defn: a bandage or bag for supporting the scrotum.
SUSPICABLE Sus"pi*ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. suspacabilis, fr. suspicari to suspect, akin to suspicere. See Suspect, v. t.]
Defn: Liable to suspicion; suspicious. [Obs.] It is a very suspicable business. Dr. H. more.
SUSPICIENCY Sus*pi"cien*cy, n. Etym: [From L. suspiciens, p.pr. of suspicere. See Suspect, v. t.]
Defn: Suspiciousness; suspicion. [Obs.] Hopkins.
SUSPICION Sus*pi"cion, n. Etym: [OE. suspecioun, OF. souspeçon, F. soupçon, L. suspectio a looking up to, an esteeming highly, suspicion, fr. suspicere to look up, to esteem, to mistrust. The modern form suspicion in English and French is in imitation of L. suspicio mistrust, suspicion. See Suspect, and cf. Suspicious.]
1. The act of suspecting; the imagination or apprehension of the existence of something (esp. something wrong or hurtful) without proof, or upon very slight evidence, or upon no evidence. Suspicions among thoughts are like bats among birds, they ever fly by twilight. Bacon.
2. Slight degree; suggestion; hint. [Colloq.] The features are mild but expressive, with just a suspicion . . . of saturnine or sarcastic humor. A. W. Ward.
Syn. -- Jealousy; distrust; mistrust; diffidence; doubt.
SUSPICION Sus*pi"cion, v. t.
Defn: To view with suspicion; to suspect; to doubt. [Obs. or Low] South.
SUSPICIOUS Sus*pi"cious, a. Etym: [OE. suspecious; cf. L. suspiciosus. See Suspicion.]
1. Inclined to suspect; given or prone to suspicion; apt to imagine without proof. Nature itself, after it has done an injury, will ever be suspicious; and no man can love the person he suspects. South. Many mischievous insects are daily at work to make men of merit suspicious of each other. Pope.
2. Indicating suspicion, mistrust, or fear. We have a suspicious, fearful, constrained countenance. Swift.
3. Liable to suspicion; adapted to raise suspicion; giving reason to imagine ill; questionable; as, an author of suspicious innovations; suspicious circumstances. I spy a black, suspicious, threatening could. Shak.
Syn. -- Jealous; distrustful; mistrustful; doubtful; questionable. See Jealous. -- Sus*pi"cious*ly, adv. -- Sus*pi"cious*ness, n.
SUSPIRAL Sus*pir"al, n. Etym: [From Suspire.]
1. A breathing hole; a vent or ventiduct.
2. A spring of water passing under ground toward a cistern or conduit.
SUSPIRATION Sus`pi*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. suspiratio. See Suspire.]
Defn: The act of sighing, or fetching a long and deep breath; a deep respiration; a sigh. Windy suspiration of forced breath. Shak.
SUSPIRE Sus*pire", v. i. Etym: [L. suspirare to breathe out, to sigh; sub under + spirare to breathe: cf. F. souspirer, OF. souspirer.]
Defn: To fetch a long, deep breath; to sigh; to breathe. Shak. Fireflies that suspire In short, soft lapses of transported flame. Mrs. Browning.
SUSPIRE Sus*pire", n. Etym: [Cf. L. suspirium.]
Defn: A long, deep breath; a sigh. [Obs.]
SUSPIRED Sus*pired", a.
Defn: Ardently desired or longed for; earnestly coveted. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.
SUSTAIN Sus*tain", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sustained; p. pr. & vb. n. Sustaining.] Etym: [OE. sustenen, susteinen, OF. sustenir, sostenir, F. soutenir (the French prefix is properly fr. L. subtus below, fr. sub under), L. sustinere; pref. sus- (see Sub-) + tenere to hold. See Tenable, and cf. Sustenance.]
1. To keep from falling; to bear; to uphold; to support; as, a foundation sustains the superstructure; a beast sustains a load; a rope sustains a weight. Every pillar the temple to sustain. Chaucer.
2. Hence, to keep from sinking, as in despondence, or the like; to support. No comfortable expectations of another life to sustain him under the evils in this world. Tillotson.
3. To maintain; to keep alive; to support; to subsist; to nourish; as, provisions to sustain an army.
4. To aid, comfort, or relieve; to vindicate. Shak. His sons, who seek the tyrant to sustain. Dryden.
5. To endure without failing or yielding; to bear up under; as, to sustain defeat and disappointment.
6. To suffer; to bear; to undergo. Shall Turnus, then, such endless toil sustain Dryden. You shall sustain more new disgraces. Shak.
7. To allow the prosecution of; to admit as valid; to sanction; to continue; not to dismiss or abate; as, the court sustained the action or suit.
8. To prove; to establish by evidence; to corroborate or confirm; to be conclusive of; as, to sustain a charge, an accusation, or a proposition.
Syn. -- To support; uphold; subsist; assist; relieve; suffer; undergo.
SUSTAIN Sus*tain", n.
Defn: One who, or that which, upholds or sustains; a sustainer. [Obs.] I waked again, for my sustain was the Lord. Milton.
SUSTAINABLE Sus*tain"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. soutenable, OF. soustenable.]
Defn: Capable of being sustained or maintained; as, the action is not sustainable.
SUSTAINED Sus*tained", a.
Defn: Held up to a certain pitch, degree, or level; uniform; as, sustained pasion; a sustained style of writing; a sustained note in music.
SUSTAINER Sus*tain"er, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, sustains. Waterland.
SUSTAINMENT Sus*tain"ment, n.
Defn: The act of sustaining; maintenance; support. Milton. Lowell.
SUSTALTIC Sus*tal"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: Mournful; -- said of a species of music among the ancient Greeks. Busby.
SUSTENANCE Sus"te*nance, n. Etym: [OF. sustenance, sostenance, soustenance: cf. L. sustenentia endurance. See Sustain.]
1. The act of sustaining; support; maintenance; subsistence; as, the sustenance of the body; the sustenance of life.
2. That which supports life; food; victuals; provisions; means of living; as, the city has ample sustenance. "A man of little sustenance." Chaucer. For lying is thy sustenance, thy food. Milton.
SUSTENTACLE Sus*ten"ta*cle, n. Etym: [L. sustentaculum. See Sustentation.]
Defn: Sustenance. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
SUSTENTACULAR Sus`ten*tac"u*lar, a. Etym: [See Sustenance.] (Anat.)
Defn: Supporting; sustaining; as, a sustentacular tissue.
SUSTENTATE Sus"ten*tate, v. t.
Defn: To sustain. [R.] C. Reade.
SUSTENTATION Sus`ten*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. sustentatio sustenance, maintenance, fr. sustentare to support, maintain, v. intens. fr. sustinere to sustain: cf. F. sustentation. See Sustain.]
1. The act of sustaining, or the state of being sustained; preservation from falling; support; sustenance; maintenance.
2. (Physiol.)
Defn: The aggregate of the functions by which a living organism is maintained in a normal condition of weight and growth. Sustentation fund (Eccl.), a fund of a religious body for support of its ministers, chapels, etc.; as, the sustentation fund of the Free Church of Scotland.
SUSTENTATIVE Sus"ten*ta*tive, a.
Defn: Adapted to sustain, strengthen, or corroborate; as, sustentative citations or quotations. Sustentative functions (Physiol.), those functions of the body which affect its material composition and thus determine its mass.
SUSTENTION Sus*ten"tion, n.
Defn: Sustentation. [R. or Colloq.] In fine images, in sustention, in irony, they surpass anything that Burke ever wrote. J. Morley.
SUSTER; SUSTRE Sus"ter, Sus"tre, n.; pl. Susters (, Sustres, or Sustren (.
Defn: Sister. [Obs.] Chaucer. There are seven sustren, that serve truth ever. Piers Plowman.
SUSU Su"su, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Soosoo.
SUSURRANT Su*sur"rant, a. Etym: [L. susurrans, p.pr. from susurrare to whisper.]
Defn: Whispering. [R.] "The soft susurrant sigh." Poetry of Anti- Jacobin.
SUSURRATION Su`sur*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. susurratio, fr. susurrare to whisper: cf. F. susurration.]
Defn: A whispering; a soft murmur. "Soft susurrations of the trees." Howell.
SUSURRINGLY Su*sur"ring*ly, adv.
Defn: In the manner of a whisper. [Obs.]
SUSURROUS Su*sur"rous, a. Etym: [L. susurrus.]
Defn: Whispering; rustling; full of whispering sounds. [R.]
SUSURRUS Su*sur"rus, n. Etym: [L.]
Defn: The act of whispering; a whisper; a murmur. De Quincey. The soft susurrus and sighs of the branches. Longfellow.
SUTILE Su"tile, a. Etym: [L. sutilis, fr. suere to sew: cf. F. sutile.]
Defn: Done by stitching. [R.] Boswell.
SUTLER Sut"ler, n. Etym: [D. zoetelaar, OD. soetelaar, a small trader, especially in camps, fr. soetelen to undertake low offices; cf. G. sudeln to do dirty work, to sully, soil, E. suds.]
Defn: A person who follows an army, and sells to the troops provisions, liquors, and the like.
SUTLERSHIP Sut"ler*ship, n.
Defn: The condition or occupation of a sutler.
SUTLING Sut"ling, a.
Defn: Belonging to sutlers; engaged in the occupation of a sutler. Addison.
SUTOR Su"tor, n.
Defn: A kind of sirup made by the Indians of Arizona from the fruit of some cactaceous plant (probably the Cereus giganteus).
SUTRA Su"tra, n.; pl. Sutras. Etym: [Skr. s a thread, a string of rules; an aphorism; fr. siv to sew.]
1. (a) A precept; an aphorism; a brief rule. (b) A collection of such aphorisms.
2. pl.
Defn: A body of Hindoo literature containing aphorisms on grammar, meter, law, and philosophy, and forming a connecting link between the Vedic and later Sanscrit literature. Balfour (Cyc. of India).
SUTTEE Sut*tee", n. Etym: [Skr. sati a faithful wife, fem. of sant existing, real, true, good, p.pr. of as to be. Cf. Sooth.]
1. A Hindoo widow who immolates herself, or is immolated, on the funeral pile of her husband; -- so called because this act of self- immolation is regarded as envincing excellence of wifely character. [India]
2. The act of burning a widow on the funeral pile of her husband. [India]
Note: The practice, though abolished in British India law in 1829, is not wholly prevented.
SUTTEEISM Sut*tee"ism, n.
Defn: The practice of self-immolation of widows in Hindostan.
SUTTLE Sut"tle, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Com.)
Defn: The weight when the tare has been deducted, and tret is yet to be allowed. M
SUTTLE Sut"tle, v. i. Etym: [See Sutler.]
Defn: To act as sutler; to supply provisions and other articles to troops.
SUTURAL Su"tur*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sutural, NL. suturals.]
1. Of or pertaining to a suture, or seam.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: Taking place at a suture; as, a sutural de.
SUTURALLY Su"tur*al*ly, adv.
Defn: In a sutural manner.
SUTURATED Su"tur*a`ted, a.
Defn: Sewed or knit together; united by a suture; stitched.
SUTURE Su"ture, n. Etym: [L. sutura, fr. suere, sutum, to sew or stitch: cf. F. suture. See Sew to unite with thread.]
1. The act of sewing; also, the line along which two things or parts are sewed together, or are united so as to form a seam, or that which resembles a seam.
2. (Surg.) (a) The uniting of the parts of a wound by stitching. (b) The stitch by which the parts are united.
3. (Anat.)
Defn: The line of union, or seam, in an immovable articulation, like those between the bones of the skull; also, such an articulation itself; synarthrosis. See Harmonic suture, under Harmonic.
4. (Bot.) (a) The line, or seam, formed by the union of two margins in any part of a plant; as, the ventral suture of a legume. (b) A line resembling a seam; as, the dorsal suture of a legume, which really corresponds to a midrib.
5. (Zoöl.) (a) The line at which the elytra of a beetle meet and are sometimes confluent. (b) A seam, or impressed line, as between the segments of a crustacean, or between the whorls of a univalve shell. Glover's suture, Harmonic suture, etc. See under Glover, Harmonic, etc.
SUTURED Su"tured, a.
Defn: Having a suture or sutures; knit or united together. Pennant.
SUWARROW Su*war"row, n. (Bot.)
Defn: The giant cactus (Cereus giganteus); -- so named by the Indians of Arizona. Called also saguaro.
SUZERAIN Su"ze*rain, n. Etym: [F., formed fr. sus above, L. susum, sursum (fr. sub under + versum, p.p. of vertere to turn), after the analogy of souverain, E. sovereign. See Sub-, and Verse.]
Defn: A superior lord, to whom fealty is due; a feudal lord; a lord paramount.
SUZERAINTY Su"ze*rain*ty, n. Etym: [F. suzeraineté.]
Defn: The dominion or authority of a suzerain; paramount authority.
SWA Swa (swä), adv. Etym: [See So.]
Defn: So. [Obs.] Chaucer.
SWAB Swab, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swabbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Swabbing.] Etym: [See Swabber, n.]
Defn: To clean with a mop or swab; to wipe when very wet, as after washing; as, to swab the desk of a ship. [Spelt also swob.]
SWAB Swab, n. Etym: [Written also swob.]
1. A kind of mop for cleaning floors, the desks of vessels, etc., esp. one made of rope-yarns or threads.
2. A bit of sponge, cloth, or the like, fastened to a handle, for cleansing the mouth of a sick person, applying medicaments to deep- seated parts, etc.
3. (Naut.)
Defn: An epaulet. [Sailor's Slang] Marryat.
4. A cod, or pod, as of beans or pease. [Obs.] Bailey.
5. A sponge, or other suitable substance, attached to a long rod or handle, for cleaning the bore of a firearm.
SWABBER Swab"ber, v. t.
Defn: To swab. [R.]
SWABBER Swab"ber, n. Etym: [D. zwabber; cf.D. zwabberen to swab, G. schwabbern, Dan. svabre, Sw. svab a swab, svabla to swab.]
1. One who swabs a floor or desk. Shak.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: Formerly, an interior officer on board of British ships of war, whose business it was to see that the ship was kept clean.
3. Same as Swobber, 2.
SWAD Swad, n. Etym: [Probably fr. AS. swe to bind.] [Written also swod.]
1. A cod, or pod, as of beans or pease. [Prov. Eng.] Swad, in the north, is a peascod shell -- thence used for an empty, shallow-headed fellow. Blount.
2. A clown; a country bumpkin. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "Country swains, and silly swads." Greene. There was one busy fellow was their leader, A blunt, squat swad, but lower than yourself. B. Jonson.
3. A lump of mass; also, a crowd. [Low, U.S.]
4. (Coal Mining)
Defn: A thin layer of refuse at the bottom of a seam. Raymond.
SWADDLE Swad"dle, n. Etym: [AS. swe, swe, fr. swe to bind. See Swathe.]
Defn: Anything used to swaddle with, as a cloth or band; a swaddling band. They put me in bed in all my swaddles. Addison.
SWADDLE Swad"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swaddled; p. pr. & vb. n. Swaddling.]
1. To bind as with a bandage; to bind or warp tightly with clothes; to swathe; -- used esp. of infants; as, to swaddle a baby. They swaddled me up in my nightgown with long pieces of linen. Addison.
2. To beat; to cudgel. [Obs.] Hudibras.
SWADDLEBILL Swad"dle*bill`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The shoveler. [Local, U.S.]
SWADDLER Swad"dler, n.
Defn: A term of contempt for an Irish Methodist. Shipley.
SWADDLING Swad"dling, a. & n.
Defn: from Swaddle, v. Swaddling band, Swaddling cloth, or Swaddling clout, a band or cloth wrapped round an infant, especially round a newborn infant. Ye shall find the babe wrapped in swaddling clothes, lying in a manger. Luke ii. 12.
SWAG Swag, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Swagged; p. pr. & vb. n. Swagging.] Etym: [Cf. Icel. sveggja, sveigja to bend, to sway, Norw. svaga to sway. See Sway.]
1. To hang or move, as something loose and heavy; to sway; to swing. [Prov. Eng.]
2. To sink down by its weight; to sag. Sir H. Wotton. I swag as a fat person's belly swaggeth as he goeth. Palsgrave.
SWAG Swag, n.
1. A swaying, irregular motion.
2. A burglar's or thief's booty; boodle. [Cant or Slang] Charles Reade.
SWAG-BELLIED Swag"-bel`lied, a.
Defn: Having a prominent, overhanging belly. Shak.
SWAGBELLY Swag"bel`ly, n.
1. A prominent, overhanging belly. Smollett.
2. (Med.)
Defn: Any large tumor developed in the abdomen, and neither fluctuating nor sonorous. Dunglison.
SWAGE Swage, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Swaged; p. pr. & vb. n. Swaging.] Etym: [Equiv. to suage, abbrev. fr. assuage.]
Defn: See Assuage. [Obs.]
SWAGE Swage, n.
Defn: A tool, variously shaped or grooved on the end or face, used by blacksmiths and other workers in metals, for shaping their work, whether sheet metal or forging, by holding the swage upon the work, or the work upon the swage, and striking with a sledge. Swage block, a perforated block of iron, having grooved sides and adapted for use in heading bolts and swaging objects of large size.
SWAGE Swage, v. t.
Defn: To shape by means of a swage; to fashion, as a piece of iron, by forcing it into a groove or mold having the required shape.
SWAGGER Swag"ger, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Swaggered; p. pr. & vb. n. Swaggering.] Etym: [Freq. of swag.]
1. To walk with a swaying motion; hence, to walk and act in a pompous, consequential manner. A man who swaggers about London clubs. Beaconsfield.
2. To boast or brag noisily; to be ostentatiously proud or vainglorious; to bluster; to bully. What a pleasant it is . . . to swagger at the bar! Arbuthnot. To be great is not . . . to swagger at our footmen. Colier.
SWAGGER Swag"ger, v. t.
Defn: To bully. [R.] Swift.
SWAGGER Swag"ger, n.
Defn: The act or manner of a swaggerer. He gave a half swagger, half leer, as he stepped forth to receive us. W. Irving.
SWAGGERER Swag"ger*er, n.
Defn: One who swaggers; a blusterer; a bully; a boastful, noisy fellow. Shak.
SWAGGIE Swag"gie, n.
Defn: A swagman. [Australia]
SWAGGY Swag"gy, a.
Defn: Inclined to swag; sinking, hanging, or leaning by its weight. Sir T. Browne.
SWAGMAN Swag"man, n.
Defn: A bushman carrying a swag and traveling on foot; -- called also swagsman, swagger, and swaggie.
SWAGSMAN Swags"man, n.
Defn: A swagman. [Australia]
SWAIN Swain, n. Etym: [OE. swain, swein, Icel. sveinn a boy, servant; akin to Sw. sven, Dan. svend, AS. swan, OHG. swein.]
1. A servant. [Obs.] Him behoves serve himself that has no swain. Chaucer.
2. A young man dwelling in the country; a rustic; esp., a cuntry gallant or lover; -- chiefly in poetry. It were a happy life To be no better than a homely swain. Shak. Blest swains! whose nymphs in every grace excel. Pope.
SWAINISH Swain"ish, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a swain; rustic; ignorant. "An ungentle and swainish beast." Milton. -- Swain"ish*ness, n. Emerson.
SWAINLING Swain"ling, n.
Defn: A little swain. [R.]
SWAINMOTE Swain"mote`, n. Etym: [Swain + mote meeting: cf. LL. swanimotum.] (Eng. Forest Law)
Defn: A court held before the verders of the forest as judges, by the steward of the court, thrice every year, the swains, or freeholders, within the forest composing the jury. [Written also swanimote, and sweinmote.] Blackstone.
SWAINSHIP Swain"ship, n.
Defn: The condition of a swain.
SWAIP Swaip, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Sweep.]
Defn: To walk proudly; to sweep along. [Prov. Eng.] Todd.
SWAL Swal, obs. imp. of Swell.
Defn: Swelled. Chaucer.
SWALE Swale, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. svalr cool, svala to cool.]
Defn: A valley or low place; a tract of low, and usually wet, land; a moor; a fen. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]
SWALE Swale, v. i. & t.
Defn: To melt and waste away; to singe. See Sweal, v.
SWALE Swale, n.
Defn: A gutter in a candle. [Prov. Eng.]
SWALLET Swal"let, n. Etym: [Cf. G. schwall a sea swell, from schwellen to swell, E. swell.]
Defn: Water breaking in upon the miners at their work; -- so called among tin miners. [Prov. Eng.]
SWALLOW Swal"low, n. Etym: [OE. swalowe, AS. swalewe, swealwe; akin to D. zwaluw, OHG. swalawa, G. schwalbe, Icel. & Sw. svala, Dan. svale.]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of passerine birds of the family Hirundinidæ, especially one of those species in which the tail is deeply forked. They have long, pointed wings, and are noted for the swiftness and gracefulness of their flight.
Note: The most common North American species are the barn swallow (see under Barn), the cliff, or eaves, swallow (see under Cliff), the white-bellied, or tree, swallow (Tachycineta bicolor), and the bank swallow (see under Bank). The common European swallow (Chelidon rustica), and the window swallow, or martin (Chelidon urbica), are familiar species.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of swifts which resemble the true swallows in form and habits, as the common American chimney swallow, or swift.
3. (Naut.)
Defn: The aperture in a block through which the rope reeves. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Swallow plover (Zoöl.), any one of several species of fork-tailed ploverlike birds of the genus Glareola, as G. orientalis of India; a pratincole. -- Swallow shrike (Zoöl.), any one of several species of East Indian and Asiatic birds of the family Artamiidæ, allied to the shrikes but similar to swallows in appearance and habits. The ashy swallow shrike (Artamus fuscus) is common in India. -- Swallow warbler (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of East Indian and Australian singing birds of the genus Dicæum. They are allied to the honeysuckers.
SWALLOW Swal"low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swallowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Swallowing.] Etym: [OE. swolewen, swolwen, swolhen, AS. swelgan; akin to D. zwelgen, OHG. swelahan, swelgan, G. schwelgen to feast, to revel, Icel. svelgia to swallow, SW. svälja, Dan. svælge. Cf. Groundsel a plant.]
1. To take into the stomach; to receive through the gullet, or esophagus, into the stomach; as, to swallow food or drink. As if I had swallowed snowballs for pills. Shak.
2. To draw into an abyss or gulf; to ingulf; to absorb -- usually followed by up. Milton. The earth opened her mouth, and swallowed them up, and their houses. Num. xvi. 32.
3. To receive or embrace, as opinions or belief, without examination or scruple; to receive implicitly. Though that story . . . be not so readily swallowed. Sir T. Browne.
4. To engross; to appropriate; -- usually with up. Homer excels . . . in this, that he swallowed up the honor of those who succeeded him. Pope.
5. To occupy; to take up; to employ. The necessary provision of the life swallows the greatest part of their time. Locke.
6. To seize and waste; to exhaust; to consume. Corruption swallowed what the liberal hand Of bounty scattered. Thomson.
7. To retract; to recant; as, to swallow one's opinions. "Swallowed his vows whole." Shak.
8. To put up with; to bear patiently or without retaliation; as, to swallow an affront or insult.
Syn. -- To absorb; imbibe; ingulf; engross; consume. See Absorb.
SWALLOW Swal"low, v. i.
Defn: To perform the act of swallowing; as, his cold is so severe he is unable to swallow.
SWALLOW Swal"low, n.
1. The act of swallowing.
2. The gullet, or esophagus; the throat.
3. Taste; relish; inclination; liking. [Colloq.] I have no swallow for it. Massinger.
4. Capacity for swallowing; voracity. There being nothing too gross for the swallow of political rancor. Prof. Wilson.
5. As much as is, or can be, swallowed at once; as, a swallow of water.
6. That which ingulfs; a whirlpool. [Obs.] Fabyan.
SWALLOWER Swal"low*er, n.
Defn: One who swallows; also, a glutton. Tatler.
SWALLOWFISH Swal"low*fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The European sapphirine gurnard (Trigla hirundo). It has large pectoral fins.
SWALLOWTAIL Swal"low*tail`, n.
1. (Carp.)
Defn: A kind of tenon or tongue used in making joints. See Dovetail.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: A species of willow.
3. (Fort.)
Defn: An outwork with converging sides, its head or front forming a reëntrant angle; -- so called from its form. Called also priestcap.
4. A swallow-tailed coat. This Stultz coat, a blue swallowtail, with yellow buttons. Thackeray.
5. An arrow. Sir W. Scott.
6. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of large and handsome butterflies, belonging to Papilio and allied genera, in which the posterior border of each hind wing is prolongated in the form of a long lobe.
Note: The black swallowtail, or asterias (see Papilio), the blue swallowtail, or philenor, the tiger swallowtail, or turnus (see Turnus), and the zebra swallowtail, or ajax (see under Zebra) are common American species. See also Troilus.
SWALLOW-TAILED Swal"low-tailed`, a.
1. Having a tail like that of a swallow; hence, like a swallow's tail in form; having narrow and tapering or pointed skirts; as, a swallow- tailed coat.
2. (Carp.)
Defn: United by dovetailing; dovetailed. Swallow-tailed duck (Zoöl.), the old squaw. -- Swallow-tailed gull (Zoöl.), an Arctic gull (Xema furcata), which has a deeply forked tail. -- Swallow-tailed hawk or kite (Zoöl.), the fork-tailed kite. -- Swallow-tailed moth (Zoöl.), a European moth (Urapteryx sambucaria) having tail-like lobes on the hind wings.
SWALLOWWORT Swal"low*wort`, n. (Bot.) (a) See Celandine. (b) A poisonous plant (Vincetoxicum officinale) of the Milkweed family, at one time used in medicine; -- also called white swallowwort. African swallowwort, a plant of the genus Stapelia.
SWAM Swam,
Defn: imp. of Swim.
SWAMP Swamp, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. swam a fungus, OD. swam a sponge, D. zwam a fungus, G. schwamm a sponge, Icel. svöppr, Dan. & Sw. swamp, Goth. swamms, Gr. somfo`s porous, spongy.]
Defn: Wet, spongy land; soft, low ground saturated with water, but not usually covered with it; marshy ground away from the seashore. Gray swamps and pools, waste places of the hern. Tennyson. A swamp differs from a bog and a marsh in producing trees and shrubs, while the latter produce only herbage, plants, and mosses. Farming Encyc. (E. Edwards, Words). Swamp blackbird. (Zoöl.) See Redwing (b). -- Swamp cabbage (Bot.), skunk cabbage. -- Swamp deer (Zoöl.), an Asiatic deer (Rucervus Duvaucelli) of India. -- Swamp hen. (Zoöl.) (a) An Australian azure-breasted bird (Porphyrio bellus); -- called also goollema. (b) An Australian water crake, or rail (Porzana Tabuensis); -- called also little swamp hen. (c) The European purple gallinule. -- Swamp honeysuckle (Bot.), an American shrub (Azalea, or Rhododendron, viscosa) growing in swampy places, with fragrant flowers of a white color, or white tinged with rose; -- called also swamp pink. -- Swamp hook, a hook and chain used by lumbermen in handling logs. Cf. Cant hook. -- Swamp itch. (Med.) See Prairie itch, under Prairie. -- Swamp laurel (Bot.), a shrub (Kalmia glauca) having small leaves with the lower surface glaucous. -- Swamp maple (Bot.), red maple. See Maple. -- Swamp oak (Bot.), a name given to several kinds of oak which grow in swampy places, as swamp Spanish oak (Quercus palustris), swamp white oak (Q. bicolor), swamp post oak (Q. lyrata). -- Swamp ore (Min.), big ore; limonite. -- Swamp partridge (Zoöl.), any one of several Australian game birds of the genera Synoicus and Excalfatoria, allied to the European partridges. -- Swamp robin (Zoöl.), the chewink. -- Swamp sassafras (Bot.), a small North American tree of the genus Magnolia (M. glauca) with aromatic leaves and fragrant creamy-white blossoms; -- called also sweet bay. -- Swamp sparrow (Zoöl.), a common North American sparrow (Melospiza Georgiana, or M. palustris), closely resembling the song sparrow. It lives in low, swampy places. -- Swamp willow. (Bot.) See Pussy willow, under Pussy.
SWAMP Swamp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swamped; p. pr. & vb. n. Swamping.]
1. To plunge or sink into a swamp.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: To cause (a boat) to become filled with water; to capsize or sink by whelming with water.
3. Fig.: To plunge into difficulties and perils; to overwhelm; to ruin; to wreck. The Whig majority of the house of Lords was swamped by the creation of twelve Tory peers. J. R. Green. Having swamped himself in following the ignis fatuus of a theory. Sir W. Hamilton.
SWAMP Swamp, v. i.
1. To sink or stick in a swamp; figuratively, to become involved in insuperable difficulties.
2. To become filled with water, as a boat; to founder; to capsize or sink; figuratively, to be ruined; to be wrecked.
SWAMPY Swamp"y, a.
Defn: Consisting of swamp; like a swamp; low, wet, and spongy; as, swampy land.
SWAN Swan, n. Etym: [AS. swan; akin to D. zwaan, OHG. swan, G. schwan, Icel. svanr, Sw. svan, Dan. svane; and perhaps to E. sound something audible.]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of large aquatic birds belonging to Cygnus, Olor, and allied genera of the subfamily Cygninæ. They have a large and strong beak and a long neck, and are noted for their graceful movements when swimming. Most of the northern species are white. In literature the swan was fabled to sing a melodious song, especially at the time of its death.
Note: The European white, or mute, swan (Cygnus gibbus), which is most commonly domesticated, bends its neck in an S-shaped curve. The whistling, or trumpeting, swans of the genus Olor do not bend the neck in an S-shaped curve, and are noted for their loud and sonorous cry, due to complex convolutions of the windpipe. To this genus belong the European whooper, or whistling swan (Olor cygnus), the American whistling swan (O. Columbianus), and the trumpeter swan (O. buccinator). The Australian black swan (Chenopis atrata) is dull black with white on the wings, and has the bill carmine, crossed with a white band. It is a very graceful species and is often domesticated. The South American black-necked swan (Sthenelides melancorypha) is a very beautiful and graceful species, entirely white, except the head and neck, which are dark velvety seal-brown. Its bill has a double bright rose-colored knob.
2. Fig.: An appellation for a sweet singer, or a poet noted for grace and melody; as Shakespeare is called the swan of Avon.
3. (Astron.)
Defn: The constellation Cygnus. Swan goose (Zoöl.), a bird of India (Cygnopsis cygnoides) resembling both the swan and the goose. -- Swan shot, a large size of shot used in fowling.
SWANG Swang, obs.
Defn: imp. of Swing.
SWANG Swang, n. Etym: [Cf. Swamp.]
Defn: A swamp. [Prov. Eng.]
SWANHERD Swan"herd`, n.
Defn: One who tends or marks swans; as, the royal swanherd of England.
SWAN-HOPPING Swan"-hop`ping, n.
Defn: A corruption of Swan-upping. [Eng.] Encyc. Brit.
SWANIMOTE Swan"i*mote, n. (Eng. Forest Law)
Defn: See Swainmote.
SWANKIE; SWANKY Swank"ie, Swank"y, n. Etym: [Cf. G. schwank flexible, pliant.]
Defn: An active and clever young fellow. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
SWANLIKE Swan"like`, a.
Defn: Resembling a swan.
SWANMARK Swan"mark`, n.
Defn: A mark of ownership cut on the bill or swan. [Eng.] Encyc. Brit.
SWANNERY Swan"ner*y, n.
Defn: A place where swans are bred. "The largest swannery in England." Encyc. Brit.
SWANNY Swan"ny, a.
Defn: Swanlike; as, a swanny glossiness of the neck. Richardson.
SWANPAN Swan"pan, n. Etym: [Cf. Schwanpan.]
Defn: The Chinese abacus; a schwanpan. S. W. Williams.
SWAN'S-DOWN; SWANS-DOWN Swan's"-down`, or; Swans"-down`, n.
1. The down, or fine, soft feathers, of the swan, used on various articles of dress.
2. A fine, soft, thick cloth of wool mixed with silk or cotton; a sort of twilled fustian, like moleskin. Swan's-down cotton. See Cotton flannel, under Cotton.
SWANSKIN Swan"skin`, n.
1. The act of a swan with the down or the feathers on.
2. A species of soft flannel, thick and warm.
SWAN-UPPING Swan"-up`ping, n.
Defn: A yearly expedition on the Thames to take up young swans and mark them, as by Companies of Dyers and Vintners; -- called also swan-hopping. [Eng.] Encyc. Brit.
SWAP Swap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swapped; p. pr. & vb. n. Swapping.] Etym: [OE. swappen to strike; cf. E. to strike a bargain; perh. akin to E. sweep. Cf. Swap a blow, Swap, v. i.] [Written also swop.]
1. To strike; -- with off. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "Swap off his head!" Chaucer.
2. To exchange (usually two things of the same kind); to swop. [Colloq.] Miss Edgeworth.
SWAP Swap, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Swap, v. t.]
1. To fall or descend; to rush hastily or violently. C. Richardson (Dict.). All suddenly she swapt adown to ground. Chaucer.
2. To beat the air, or ply the wings, with a sweeping motion or noise; to flap.
SWAP Swap, n. Etym: [Cf. G. schwapp, n., a slap, swap, schwapp, schwapps, interj., slap! smack! and E. swap, v.t.]
1. A blow; a stroke. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
2. An exchange; a barter. [Colloq.] Sir W. Scott.
SWAP Swap, adv. Etym: [See Swap, n.]
Defn: Hastily. [Prov. Eng.]
SWAPE Swape, n.
Defn: See Sweep, n., 12.
SWARD Sward, n. Etym: [AS. sweard skin, covering; akin to OFries. swarge, D. zwoord, G. schwarte, Icel. svör skin, sward of the earth.]
1. Skin; covering. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
2. The grassy surface of land; that part of the soil which is filled with the roots of grass; turf. The sward was trim as any garden lawn. Tennyson. Sward pork, bacon in large fitches. [Prov. Eng.]
SWARD Sward, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Swarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Swarding.]
Defn: To produce sward upon; to cover, or be covered, with sward. Mortimer.
SWARD-CUTTER Sward"-cut`ter, n. (a) A plow for turning up grass land. (b) A lawn mower.
SWARDED Sward"ed, a.
Defn: Covered with sward. Mrs. Browning.
SWARDY Sward"y, a.
Defn: Covered with sward or grass.
SWARE Sware,
Defn: imp. of Swear. [Obs. or Poetic] Cophetua sware a royal oath. Tennyson.
SWARF Swarf, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Swerve.]
Defn: To grow languid; to faint. [Scot.] "To swarf for very hunger." Sir W. Scott.
SWARF Swarf, n. Etym: [Cf. Swerve.]
Defn: The grit worn away from grindstones in grinding cutlery wet. [Prov. Eng.]
SWARM Swarm, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Swerve.]
Defn: To climb a tree, pole, or the like, by embracing it with the arms and legs alternately. See Shin. [Colloq.] At the top was placed a piece of money, as a prize for those who could swarm up and seize it. W. Coxe.
SWARM Swarm, n. Etym: [OE. swarm, AS. swearm; akin to D. zwerm, G. schwarm, OHG. swaram, Icel. svarmr a tumult, Sw. svärm a swarm, Dan. sværm, and G. schwirren to whiz, to buzz, Skr. svar to sound, and perhaps to E. swear. *177. Cf. Swerve, Swirl.]
1. A large number or mass of small animals or insects, especially when in motion. "A deadly swarm of hornets." Milton.