Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (part 55 of 60)
Defn: Standardized; determined or analyzed by titration; as, titrated solutions.
TITRATION Ti*tra"tion, n. (Chem.)
Defn: The act or process of titrating; a substance obtained by titrating.
TITTER Tit"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tittered; p. pr. & vb. n. Tittering.] Etym: [Probably of imitative origin.]
Defn: To laugh with the tongue striking against the root of the upper teeth; to laugh with restraint, or without much noise; to giggle. A group of tittering pages ran before. Longfellow.
TITTER Tit"ter, n.
Defn: A restrained laugh. "There was a titter of . . . delight on his countenance." Coleridge.
TITTER Tit"ter, v. i.
Defn: To seesaw. See Teeter.
TITTEREL Tit"ter*el, n.
Defn: The whimbrel. [Prov. Eng.]
TITTER-TOTTER Tit"ter-tot`ter, v. i.
Defn: See Teeter.
TITTIMOUSE Tit"ti*mouse`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]
TITTLE Tit"tle, n. Etym: [OE. titel, titil, apparently a dim. of tit, in the sense of small; cf. G. tüttel a tittle, dim. of OHG. tutta teat. Perhaps, however, the same word as title, n.]
Defn: A particle; a minute part; a jot; an iota. It is easier for heaven and earth to pass, than one tittle of the law to fail. Luke xvi. 17. Every tittle of this prophecy is most exactly verified. South.
TITTLEBAT Tit"tle*bat, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The three-spined stickleback. [Prov. Eng.]
TITTLE-TATTLE Tit"tle-tat`tle, n. Etym: [A reduplication of tattle.]
1. Idle, trifling talk; empty prattle. Arbuthnot.
2. An idle, trifling talker; a gossip. [R.] Tatler.
TITTLE-TATTLE Tit"tle-tat`tle, v. i.
Defn: To talk idly; to prate. Shak.
TITTLE-TATTLING Tit"tle-tat`tling, n.
Defn: The act or habit of parting idly or gossiping.
TITTUP Tit"tup, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tittuped or Tittupped; p. pr. & vb. n. Tittuping or Tittupping.] [Written also titup.] [Cf. Teeter.]
Defn: To behave or move in a lively or restless manner, as an impatient horse; to caper; to prance; to frisk. Kipling.
TITTUP Tit"tup, n.
Defn: The act of tittuping; lively, gay, or restless behavior or gait; a prance or caper. [Written also titup.]
TITTUPPY Tit"tup*py, a.
Defn: Given to tittuping; gay; lively; prancing; also, shaky; unsteady.
TITTY Tit"ty, n.
Defn: A little teat; a nipple. [Familiar]
TITUBATE Tit"u*bate, v. i. Etym: [L. titubatus, p.p. of titubare to stagger, totter.]
1. To stumble. [Obs.]
2. To rock or roll, as a curved body on a plane.
TITUBATION Tit`u*ba"tion, n. Etym: [L. titubatio: cf. F. titubation.]
Defn: The act of stumbling, rocking, or rolling; a reeling. Quain.
TITULAR Tit"u*lar, a. Etym: [F. titulaire, fr. L. titulus. See Title.]
Defn: Existing in title or name only; nominal; having the title to an office or dignity without discharging its appropriate duties; as, a titular prince. If these magnificent titles yet remain Not merely titular. Milton. Titular bishop. See under Bishop.
TITULAR Tit"u*lar, n.
Defn: A titulary. [R.]
TITULARITY Tit`u*lar"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being titular. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
TITULARLY Tit"u*lar*ly, adv.
Defn: In a titular manner; nominally; by title only.
TITULARY Tit"u*la*ry, n.; pl. Titularies. Etym: [Cf. F. titulaire.]
Defn: A person invested with a title, in virtue of which he holds an office or benefice, whether he performs the duties of it or not.
TITULARY Tit"u*la*ry, a.
1. Consisting in a title; titular.
2. Of or pertaining to a title.
TITULED Tit"uled, a.
Defn: Having a title. [Obs.] Fuller.
TIVER Tiv"er, n. Etym: [AS. teáfor, teáfur.]
Defn: A kind of ocher which is used in some parts of England in marking sheep. [Prov. Eng.]
TIVER Tiv"er, v. t.
Defn: To mark with tiver. [Prov. Eng.]
TIVOLI Tiv"o*li, n. [Prob. fr. Tivoli in Italy, a pleasure resort not far from Rome.]
Defn: A game resembling bagatelle, played on a special oblong board or table (Tivoli board or table), which has a curved upper end, a set of numbered compartments at the lower end, side alleys, and the surface studded with pins and sometimes furnished with numbered depressions or cups.
TIVY Tiv"y, adv. Etym: [See Tantivy.]
Defn: With great speed; -- a huntsman's word or sound. Dryden.
TIZA Ti"za, n. Etym: [CF. Sp. tiza whitening, a kind of chalk or pipe clay.] (Chem.)
Defn: See Ulexite.
TLINKIT Tlin"kit, n. pl.
Defn: The Indians of a seafaring group of tribes of southern Alaska comprising the Koluschan stock. Previous to deterioration from contact with the whites they were the foremost traders of the northwest. They built substantial houses of cedar adorned with totem poles, and were expert stone carvers and copper workers. Slavery, the potlatch, and the use of immense labrets were characteristic. Many now work in the salmon industry.
TMESIS Tme"sis, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. (Gram.)
Defn: The separation of the parts of a compound word by the intervention of one or more words; as, in what place soever, for whatsoever place.
TO- To- (, see To, prep.) Etym: [AS. to- asunder; akin to G. zer-, and perhaps to L. dis-, or Gr.
Defn: An obsolete intensive prefix used in the formation of compound verbs; as in to-beat, to-break, to-hew, to-rend, to-tear. See these words in the Vocabulary. See the Note on All to, or All-to, under All, adv.
TO To (emphatic or alone, obscure or unemphatic), prep. Etym: [AS. to; akin to OS. & OFries. to, D. toe, G. zu, OHG. zuo, zua, zo, Russ. do, Ir. & Gael. do, OL. -do, -du, as in endo, indu, in, Gr. Too, Tatoo a beat of drums.]
1. The preposition to primarily indicates approach and arrival, motion made in the direction of a place or thing and attaining it, access; and also, motion or tendency without arrival; movement toward; -- opposed to Ant: from. "To Canterbury they wend." Chaucer. Stay with us, go not to Wittenberg. Shak. So to the sylvan lodge They came, that like Pomona's arbor smiled. Milton. I'll to him again, . . . He'll tell me all his purpose. She stretched her arms to heaven. Dryden.
2. Hence, it indicates motion, course, or tendency toward a time, a state or condition, an aim, or anything capable of being regarded as a limit to a tendency, movement, or action; as, he is going to a trade; he is rising to wealth and honor.
Note: Formerly, by omission of the verb denoting motion, to sometimes followed a form of be, with the sense of at, or in. "When the sun was [gone or declined] to rest." Chaucer.
3. In a very general way, and with innumerable varieties of application, to connects transitive verbs with their remoter or indirect object, and adjectives, nouns, and neuter or passive verbs with a following noun which limits their action. Its sphere verges upon that of for, but it contains less the idea of design or appropriation; as, these remarks were addressed to a large audience; let us keep this seat to ourselves; a substance sweet to the taste; an event painful to the mind; duty to God and to our parents; a dislike to spirituous liquor. Marks and points out each man of us to slaughter. B. Jonson. Whilst they, distilled Almost to jelly with the act of fear, Stand dumb and speak not to him. Shak. Add to your faith virtue; and to virtue knowledge; and to knowledge temperance; and to temperance patience; and to patience godliness; and to godliness brotherly kindness; and to brotherly kindness charity. 2 Pet. i. 5,6,7. I have a king's oath to the contrary. Shak. Numbers were crowded to death. Clarendon. Fate and the dooming gods are deaf to tears. Dryden. Go, buckle to the law. Dryden.
4. As sign of the infinitive, to had originally the use of last defined, governing the infinitive as a verbal noun, and connecting it as indirect object with a preceding verb or adjective; thus, ready to go, i.e., ready unto going; good to eat, i.e., good for eating; I do my utmost to lead my life pleasantly. But it has come to be the almost constant prefix to the infinitive, even in situations where it has no prepositional meaning, as where the infinitive is direct object or subject; thus, I love to learn, i.e., I love learning; to die for one's country is noble, i.e., the dying for one's country. Where the infinitive denotes the design or purpose, good usage formerly allowed the prefixing of for to the to; as, what went ye out for see (Matt. xi. 8). Then longen folk to go on pilgrimages, And palmers for to seeken strange stranders. Chaucer.
Note: Such usage is now obsolete or illiterate. In colloquial usage, to often stands for, and supplies, an infinitive already mentioned; thus, he commands me to go with him, but I do not wish to.
5. In many phrases, and in connection with many other words, to has a pregnant meaning, or is used elliptically. Thus, it denotes or implies: (a) Extent; limit; degree of comprehension; inclusion as far as; as, they met us to the number of three hundred. We ready are to try our fortunes To the last man. Shak. Few of the Esquimaux can count to ten. Quant. Rev.
(b) Effect; end; consequence; as, the prince was flattered to his ruin; he engaged in a war to his cost; violent factions exist to the prejudice of the state. (c) Apposition; connection; antithesis; opposition; as, they engaged hand to hand. Now we see through a glass, darkly; but then face to face. 1 Cor. xiii. 12.
(d) Accord; adaptation; as, an occupation to his taste; she has a husband to her mind. He to God's image, she to his was made. Dryden.
(e) Comparison; as, three is to nine as nine is to twenty-seven; it is ten to one that you will offend him. All that they did was piety to this. B. Jonson.
(f) Addition; union; accumulation. Wisdom he has, and to his wisdom, courage. Denham.
(g) Accompaniment; as, she sang to his guitar; they danced to the music of a piano. Anon they move In perfect phalanx to the Dorian mood Of flutes and soft recorders. Milton.
(h) Character; condition of being; purpose subserved or office filled. [In this sense archaic] "I have a king here to my flatterer." Shak. Made his masters and others . . . to consider him to a little wonder. Walton.
Note: To in to-day, to-night, and to-morrow has the sense or force of for or on; for, or on, (this) day, for, or on, (this) night, for, or on, (the) morrow. To-day, to-night, to-morrow may be considered as compounds, and usually as adverbs; but they are sometimes used as nouns; as, to-day is ours. To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow; Creeps in this petty pace from day to day. Shak. To and again, to and fro. [R.] -- To and fro, forward and back. In this phrase, to is adverbial. There was great showing both to and fro. Chaucer. -- To-and-fro, a pacing backward and forward; as, to commence a to- and-fro. Tennyson. -- To the face, in front of; in behind; hence, in the presence of. -- To wit, to know; namely. See Wit, v. i.
Note: To, without an object expressed, is used adverbially; as, put to the door, i. e., put the door to its frame, close it; and in the nautical expressions, to heave to, to come to, meaning to a certain position. To, like on, is sometimes used as a command, forward, set to. "To, Achilles! to, Ajax! to!" Shak.
TOAD Toad, n. Etym: [OE. tode, tade, AS. tadie, tadige; of unknown origin. Cf. Tadpole.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of batrachians belonging to the genus Bufo and allied genera, especially those of the family Bufonidæ. Toads are generally terrestrial in their habits except during the breeding season, when they seek the water. Most of the species burrow beneath the earth in the daytime and come forth to feed on insects at night. Most toads have a rough, warty skin in which are glands that secrete an acrid fluid.
Note: The common toad (Bufo vulgaris) and the natterjack are familiar European species. The common American toad (B. lentiginosus) is similar to the European toad, but is less warty and is more active, moving chiefly by leaping. Obstetrical toad. (Zoöl.) See under Obstetrical. -- Surinam toad. (Zoöl.) See Pita. -- Toad lizard (Zoöl.), a horned toad. -- Toad pipe (Bot.), a hollow-stemmed plant (Equisetum limosum) growing in muddy places. Dr. Prior. -- Toad rush (Bot.), a low-growing kind of rush (Juncus bufonius). -- Toad snatcher (Zoöl.), the reed bunting. [Prov. Eng.] -- Toad spittle. (Zoöl.) See Cuckoo spit, under Cuckoo. -- Tree toad. (Zoöl.) See under Tree.
TOADEATER Toad"eat`er, n. Etym: [Said to be so called in allusion to an old alleged practice among mountebanks' boys of eating toads (popularly supposed to be poisonous), in order that their masters might have an opportunity of pretending to effect a cure. The French equivalent expression is un avaleur de couleuvres. Cf. Toady.]
Defn: A fawning, obsequious parasite; a mean sycophant; a flatterer; a toady. V. Knox. You had nearly imposed upon me, but you have lost your labor. You're too zealous a toadeater, and betray yourself. Dickens.
TOADFISH Toad"fish`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) Any marine fish of the genus Batrachus, having a large, thick head and a wide mouth, and bearing some resemblance to a toad. The American species (Batrachus tau) is very common in shallow water. Called also oyster fish, and sapo. (b) The angler. (c) A swellfish.
TOADFLAX Toad"flax`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: An herb (Linaria vulgaris) of the Figwort family, having narrow leaves and showy orange and yellow flowers; -- called also butter and eggs, flaxweed, and ramsted.
TOADHEAD Toad"head`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The golden plover. [Local, U.S.]
TOADISH Toad"ish, a.
Defn: Like a toad. [Obs.] A. Stafford.
TOADLET Toad"let, n.
Defn: A small toad. [R.] Coleridge.
TOADSTONE Toad"stone`, n.
1. (Min.)
Defn: A local name for the igneous rocks of Derbyshire, England; -- said by some to be derived from the German todter stein, meaning dead stone, that is, stone which contains no ores.
2. Bufonite, formerly regarded as a precious stone, and worn as a jewel. See Bufonite.
TOADSTOOL Toad"stool`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: A name given to many umbrella-shaped fungi, mostly of the genus Agaricus. The species are almost numberless. They grow on decaying organic matter.
TOADY Toad"y, n.; pl. Toadies. Etym: [Shortened from toadeater.]
1. A mean flatterer; a toadeater; a sycophant. Before I had been standing at the window five minutes, they somehow conveyed to me that they were all toadies and humbugs. Dickens.
2. A coarse, rustic woman. [R.] Sir W. Scott.
TOADY Toad"y, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toadied; p. pr. & vb. n. Toadying.]
Defn: To fawn upon with mean sycophancy.
TOADYISM Toad"y*ism, n.
Defn: The practice of meanly fawning on another; base sycophancy; servile adulation.
TOAST Toast, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Toasting.] Etym: [OF. toster to roast, toast, fr. L. torrere, tostum, to parch, roast. See Torrid.]
1. To dry and brown by the heat of a fire; as, to toast bread.
2. To warm thoroughly; as, to toast the feet.
3. To name when a health is proposed to be drunk; to drink to the health, or in honor, of; as, to toast a lady.
TOAST Toast, n. Etym: [OF. toste, or tostée, toasted bread. See Toast, v.]
1. Bread dried and browned before a fire, usually in slices; also, a kind of food prepared by putting slices of toasted bread into milk, gravy, etc. toaster. My sober evening let the tankard bless, With toast embrowned, and fragrant nutmeg fraught. T. Warton.
2. A lady in honor of whom persons or a company are invited to drink; -- so called because toasts were formerly put into the liquor, as a great delicacy. It now came to the time of Mr. Jones to give a toast . . . who could not refrain from mentioning his dear Sophia. Fielding.
3. Hence, any person, especially a person of distinction, in honor of whom a health is drunk; hence, also, anything so commemorated; a sentiment, as "The land we live in," "The day we celebrate," etc. Toast rack, a small rack or stand for a table, having partitions for holding slices of dry toast.
TOASTER Toast"er, n.
1. One who toasts.
2. A kitchen utensil for toasting bread, cheese, etc. Toaster oven. an electrical toaster.
TOASTING Toast"ing,
Defn: a. & n. from Toast, v. Toasting fork, a long-handled fork for toasting bread, cheese, or the like, by the fire.
TOASTMASTER Toast"mas`ter, n.
Defn: A person who presides at a public dinner or banquet, and announces the toasts.
TOAT Toat, n.
Defn: The handle of a joiner's plane. Knight.
TOBACCO To*bac"co, n. Etym: [Sp. tabaco, fr. the Indian tabaco the tube or pipe in which the Indians or Caribbees smoked this plant. Some derive the word from Tabaco, a province of Yucatan, where it was said to be first found by the Spaniards; others from the island of Tobago, one of the Caribbees. But these derivations are very doubtful.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: An American plant (Nicotiana Tabacum) of the Nightshade family, much used for smoking and chewing, and as snuff. As a medicine, it is narcotic, emetic, and cathartic. Tobacco has a strong, peculiar smell, and an acrid taste.
Note: The name is extended to other species of the genus, and to some unrelated plants, as Indian tobacco (Nicotiana rustica, and also Lobelia inflata), mountain tobacco (Arnica montana), and Shiraz tobacco (Nicotiana Persica).
2. The leaves of the plant prepared for smoking, chewing, etc., by being dried, cured, and manufactured in various ways. Tobacco box (Zoöl.), the common American skate. -- Tobacco camphor. (Chem.) See Nicotianine. -- Tobacco man, a tobacconist. [R.] -- Tobacco pipe. (a) A pipe used for smoking, made of baked clay, wood, or other material. (b) (Bot.) Same as Indian pipe, under Indian. -- Tobacco-pipe clay (Min.), a species of clay used in making tobacco pipes; -- called also cimolite. -- Tobacco-pipe fish. (Zoöl.) See Pipemouth. -- Tobacco stopper, a small plug for pressing down the tobacco in a pipe as it is smoked. -- Tobacco worm (Zoöl.), the larva of a large hawk moth (Sphinx, or Phlegethontius, Carolina). It is dark green, with seven oblique white stripes bordered above with dark brown on each side of the body. It feeds upon the leaves of tobacco and tomato plants, and is often very injurious to the tobacco crop. See Illust. of Hawk moth.
TOBACCONING To*bac"co*ning, n.
Defn: Smoking tobacco. [Obs.] "Tobacconing is but a smoky play." [Obs.] Sylvester.
TOBACCONIST To*bac"co*nist, n.
1. A dealer in tobacco; also, a manufacturer of tobacco.
2. A smoker of tobacco. [Obs.] Sylvester.
TO-BEAT To-beat", v. t. Etym: [Pref. to- + beat.]
Defn: To beat thoroughly or severely. [Obs.] Layamon.
TOBIAS FISH To*bi"as fish`. Etym: [See the Note under Asmodeus, in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The lant, or sand eel.
TOBIE To"bie, n. [Cf. Toby.]
Defn: A kind of inferior cigar of a long slender shape, tapered at one end. [Local, U. S.]
TOBINE To"bine, n. Etym: [Cf. G. tobin, D. tabijn. See Tabby.]
Defn: A stout twilled silk used for dresses.
TOBIT To"bit, n.
Defn: A book of the Apocrypha.
TOBOGGAN To*bog"gan, n. Etym: [Corruption of American Indian odabagan a sled.]
Defn: A kind of sledge made of pliable board, turned up at one or both ends, used for coasting down hills or prepared inclined planes; also, a sleigh or sledge, to be drawn by dogs, or by hand, over soft and deep snow. [Written also tobogan, and tarbogan.]
TOBOGGAN To*bog"gan, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tobogganed; p. pr. & vb. n. Tobogganing.]
Defn: To slide down hill over the snow or ice on a toboggan. Barilett.
TOBOGGANER; TOBOGGANIST To*bog"gan*er, To*bog"gan*ist, n.
Defn: One who practices tobogganing.
TO-BREAK To-break", v. t. Etym: [Pref. to- + break.]
Defn: To break completely; to break in pieces. [Obs.] With nose and mouth to-broke. Chaucer.
TO-BREST To-brest", v. t. Etym: [Pref. to- + brest.]
Defn: To burst or break in pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TOBY To"by, n.; pl. -bies (#). [Perh. from the proper name.]
Defn: A small jug, pitcher, or mug, generally used for ale, shaped somewhat like a stout man, with a cocked hat forming the brim.
TOCCATA Toc*ca"ta, n. Etym: [It., fr. toccare to touch. See Touch.] (Mus.)
Defn: An old form of piece for the organ or harpsichord, somewhat in the free and brilliant style of the prelude, fantasia, or capriccio.
TOCCATELLA; TOCCATINA Toc`ca*tel"la, Toc`ca*ti"na, n. [It.] (Music)
Defn: A short or simple toccata.
TOCHER Toch"er, n. Etym: [Gael. tochradh.]
Defn: Dowry brought by a bride to her husband. [Scot.] Burns.
TOCKAY Tock"ay, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A spotted lizard native of India.
TOCO To"co, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A toucan (Ramphastos toco) having a very large beak. See Illust. under Toucan.
TOCOLOGY To*col"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]
Defn: The science of obstetrics, or midwifery; that department of medicine which treats of parturition. [Written also tokology.]
TOCORORO To*co*ro"ro, n. Etym: [Probably from the native name through the Spanish: cf. Sp. tocororo.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A cuban trogon (Priotelus temnurus) having a serrated bill and a tail concave at the end.
TOCSIN Toc"sin, n. Etym: [F., fr. OF. toquier to touch, F. toquer (originally, a dialectic form of F. toucher) + seint (for sein) a bell, LL. signum, fr. L. signum a sign, signal. See Touch, and Sign.]
Defn: An alarm bell, or the ringing of a bell for the purpose of alarm. The loud tocsin tolled their last alarm. Campbell.
TOD Tod (tôd), n. Etym: [Akin to D. todde a rag, G. zotte shag, rag, a tuft of hair, Icel. toddi a piece of a thing, a tod of wool.]
1. A bush; a thick shrub; a bushy clump. [R.] "An ivy todde." Spenser. The ivy tod is heavy with snow. Coleridge.
2. An old weight used in weighing wool, being usually twenty-eight pounds.
3. A fox; -- probably so named from its bushy tail. The wolf, the tod, the brock. B. Jonson. Tod stove, a close stove adapted for burning small round wood, twigs, etc. [U.S.] Knight.
TOD Tod, v. t. & i.
Defn: To weigh; to yield in tods. [Obs.]
TO-DAY To-day", adv. Etym: [AS. to dæg. See To, prep., and Day.]
Defn: On this day; on the present day. Worcester's horse came but to-day. Shak.
TO-DAY To-day", n.
Defn: The present day. today. On to-day Is worth for me a thousand yesterdays. Longfellow.
TODDLE Tod"dle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toddled; p. pr. & vb. n. Toddling.] Etym: [Akin to tottle, totter.]
Defn: To walk with short, tottering steps, as a child.
TODDLE Tod"dle, n.
Defn: A toddling walk. Trollope.
TODDLER Tod"dler, n.
Defn: One who toddles; especially, a young child. Mrs. Gaskell.
TODDY Tod"dy, n. Etym: [Formed from Hind. ta the juice of the palmyra tree, popularly, toddy, fr. ta the palmyra tree, Skr. tala.]
1. A juice drawn from various kinds of palms in the East Indies; or, a spirituous liquor procured from it by fermentation.
2. A mixture of spirit and hot water sweetened.
Note: Toddy differs from grog in having a less proportion of spirit, and is being made hot and sweetened. Toddy bird (Zoöl.), a weaver bird of the East Indies and India: -- so called from its fondness for the juice of the palm. -- Toddy cat (Zoöl.), the common paradoxure; the palm cat.
TO-DO To-do", n. Etym: [To + do. Cf. Ado.]
Defn: Bustle; stir; commotion; ado. [Colloq.]
TODY To"dy, n.; pl. Todies. Etym: [Cf. NL. todus, F. todier, G. todvogel.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of several species of small insectivorous West Indian birds of the genus Todus. They are allied to the kingfishers.
TOE Toe, n. Etym: [OE. too, taa, AS. ta; akin to D. teen, G. zehe, OHG. zeha, Icel. ta, Sw. tå, Dan. taa; of uncertain origin. *60.]
1. (Anat.)
Defn: One of the terminal members, or digits, of the foot of a man or an animal. "Each one, tripping on his toe." Shak.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The fore part of the hoof or foot of an animal.
3. Anything, or any part, corresponding to the toe of the foot; as, the toe of a boot; the toe of a skate.
4. (Mach.) (a) The journal, or pivot, at the lower end of a revolving shaft or spindle, which rests in a step. (b) A lateral projection at one end, or between the ends, of a piece, as a rod or bolt, by means of which it is moved. (c) A projection from the periphery of a revolving piece, acting as a cam to lift another piece. Toe biter (Zoöl.), a tadpole; a polliwig. -- Toe drop (Med.), a morbid condition of the foot in which the toe is depressed and the heel elevated, as in talipes equinus. See Talipes.
TOE Toe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toed; p. pr. & vb. n. Toeing.]
Defn: To touch or reach with the toes; to come fully up to; as, to toe the mark.
TOE Toe, v. i.
Defn: To hold or carry the toes (in a certain way). To toe in, to stand or carry the feet in such a way that the toes of either foot incline toward the other. -- To toe out, to have the toes of each foot, in standing or walking, incline from the other foot. toe in, to align the front wheels so that they point slightly toward each other.
TOED Toed, a.
1. Having (such or so many) toes; -- chiefly used in composition; as, narrow-toed, four-toed.
2. (Carp.)
Defn: Having the end secured by nails driven obliquely, said of a board, plank, or joist serving as a brace, and in general of any part of a frame secured to other parts by diagonal nailing.
TOE DROP Toe drop. (Med.)
Defn: A morbid condition of the foot in which the toe is depressed and the heel elevated.
TOE HOLD Toe hold. (Wrestling)
Defn: A hold in which the agressor bends back his opponent's foot.
TO-FALL To-fall", n. (Arch.)
Defn: A lean-to. See Lean-to.
TOFF Toff, n. [Etym. uncertain.]
Defn: A fop; a beau; a swell. [Slang, Eng.] Kipling.
TOFFEE; TOFFY Tof"fee, Tof"fy, n.
Defn: Taffy. [Eng.]
TOFORE; TOFORN To*fore", To*forn", prep. & adv. Etym: [AS. toforan. See To, prep., Fore.]
Defn: Before. [Obs.] Toforn him goeth the loud minstrelsy. Chaucer. Would thou wert as thou tofore hast been! Shak.
TOFT Toft, n. Etym: [OE. toft a knoll; akin to LG. toft a field hedged in, not far from a house, Icel. topt a green knoll, grassy place, place marked out for a house, Dan. toft.]
1. A knoll or hill. [Obs.] "A tower on a toft." Piers Plowman.
2. A grove of trees; also, a plain. [Prov. Eng.]
3. (O. Eng. Law)
Defn: A place where a messuage has once stood; the site of a burnt or decayed house.
TOFTMAN Toft"man, n.; pl. Toftmen (.
Defn: The owner of a toft. See Toft, 3.
TOFUS To"fus, n. Etym: [L., tufa.]
1. Tophus.
2. (Min.)
Defn: Tufa. See under Tufa, and Toph.
TOG Tog, v. t. & i.
Defn: To put toggery, or togs, on; to dress; -- usually with out, implying care, elaborateness, or the like. [Colloq. or Slang] Harper's Weekly.
TOGA To"ga, n.; pl. E. Togas, L. Togæ. Etym: [L., akin to tegere to cover. See Thatch.] (Rom. Antiq.)
Defn: The loose outer garment worn by the ancient Romans, consisting of a single broad piece of woolen cloth of a shape approaching a semicircle. It was of undyed wool, except the border of the toga prætexta. Toga prætexta. Etym: [L.], a toga with a broad purple border, worn by children of both sexes, by magistrates, and by persons engaged in sacred rites. -- Toga virilis Etym: [L.], the manly gown; the common toga. This was assumed by Roman boys about the time of completing their fourteenth year.
TOGATED To"ga*ted, a. Etym: [L. togatus, from toga a toga.]
Defn: Dressed in a toga or gown; wearing a gown; gowned. [R.] Sir M. Sandys.
TOGED To"ged, a.
Defn: Togated. [Obs. or R.] Shak.
TOGETHER To*geth"er, adv. Etym: [OE. togedere, togidere, AS. togædere, togædre, togadere; to to + gador together. *29. See To, prep., and Gather.]
1. In company or association with respect to place or time; as, to live together in one house; to live together in the same age; they walked together to the town. Soldiers can never stand idle long together. Landor.
2. In or into union; into junction; as, to sew, knit, or fasten two things together; to mix things together. The king joined humanity and policy together. Bacon.
3. In concert; with mutual coöperation; as, the allies made war upon France together. Together with, in union with; in company or mixture with; along with. Take the bad together with the good. Dryden.
TOGGERY Tog"ger*y, n. Etym: [Cf. Togated.]
Defn: Clothes; garments; dress; as, fishing toggery. [Colloq.] togs
TOGGLE Tog"gle, n. Etym: [Cf. Tug.] [Written also toggel.]
1. (Naut.)
Defn: A wooden pin tapering toward both ends with a groove around its middle, fixed transversely in the eye of a rope to be secured to any other loop or bight or ring; a kind of button or frog capable of being readily engaged and disengaged for temporary purposes.
2. (Mach.)
Defn: Two rods or plates connected by a toggle joint. Toggle iron, a harpoon with a pivoted crosspiece in a mortise near the point to prevent it from being drawn out when a whale, shark, or other animal, is harpooned. -- Toggle joint, an elbow or knee joint, consisting of two bars so connected that they may be brought quite or nearly into a straight line, and made to produce great endwise pressure, when any force is applied to bring them into this position.
TOGHT Toght, a.
Defn: Taut. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TOGIDER; TOGIDRES To*gid"er, To*gid"res, adv.
Defn: Together. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TOGS Togs, n. pl. [See Toggery.]
Defn: Clothes; garments; toggery. [Colloq. or Slang]
TOGUE Togue, n. Etym: [From the American Indian name.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The namaycush.
TOHEW To*hew", v. t. Etym: [Pref. to- + hew.]
Defn: To hew in pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TOHUBOHU To"hu*bo"hu (to"hoo-bo"hoo), n. [F. tohu-bohu, fr. Heb. tohu wa bohu without form and void (Gen. i. 2).]
Defn: Chaos; confusion.
Was ever such a tohubohu of people as there assembles Thuckeray.
TOIL Toil, n. Etym: [F. toiles, pl., toils, nets, fr. toile cloth, canvas, spider web, fr. L. tela any woven stuff, a web, fr. texere to weave. See Text, and cf. Toilet.]
Defn: A net or snare; any thread, web, or string spread for taking prey; -- usually in the plural. As a Numidian lion, when first caught, Endures the toil that holds him. Denham. Then toils for beasts, and lime for birds, were found. Dryden.
TOIL Toil, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Toiling.] Etym: [OE. toilen to pull about, to toil; of uncertain origin; cf. OD. teulen, tuylen, to labor, till, or OF. tooillier, toailler, to wash, rub (cf. Towel); or perhaps ultimately from the same root as E. tug.]
Defn: To exert strength with pain and fatigue of body or mind, especially of the body, with efforts of some continuance or duration; to labor; to work.
TOIL Toil, v. t.
1. To weary; to overlabor. [Obs.] "Toiled with works of war." Shak.
2. To labor; to work; -- often with out. [R.] Places well toiled and husbanded. Holland. [I] toiled out my uncouth passage. Milton.
TOIL Toil, n. Etym: [OE. toil turmoil, struggle; cf. OD. tuyl labor, work. See Toil, v.]
Defn: Labor with pain and fatigue; labor that oppresses the body or mind, esp. the body. My task of servile toil. Milton. After such bloody toil, we bid good night. Shak.
Note: Toil is used in the formation of compounds which are generally of obvious signification; as, toil-strung, toil-wasted, toil-worn, and the like.
Syn. -- Labor; drudgery; work; exertion; occupation; employment; task; travail. -- Toil, Labor, Drudgery. Labor implies strenuous exertion, but not necessary such as overtasks the faculties; toil denotes a severity of labor which is painful and exhausting; drudgery implies mean and degrading work, or, at least, work which wearies or disgusts from its minuteness or dull uniformity. You do not know the heavy grievances, The toils, the labors, weary drudgeries, Which they impose. Southern. How often have I blessed the coming day, When toil remitting lent its turn to play. Goldsmith.
TOILER Toil"er, n.
Defn: One who toils, or labors painfully.
TOILET Toi"let, n. Etym: [F. toilette, dim. of toile cloth. See Toil a net.]
1. A covering of linen, silk, or tapestry, spread over a table in a chamber or a dressing room.
2. A dressing table. Pope.
3. Act or mode of dressing, or that which is arranged in dressing; attire; dress; as, her toilet is perfect. [Written also toilette.] Toilet glass, a looking-glass for a toilet table or for a dressing room. -- Toilet service, Toilet set, earthenware, glass, and other utensils for a dressing room. -- Toilet table, a dressing table; a toilet. See def. 2 above. -- To snake one's toilet, to dress one's self; especially, to dress one's self carefully.
TOILETTE Toi*lette", n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: See Toilet, 3.
TOILFUL Toil"ful, a.
Defn: Producing or involving much toil; laborious; toilsome; as, toilful care. Mickle.
TOILINETTE Toi`li*nette", n. Etym: [F. toilinet. See Toil a net.]
Defn: A cloth, the weft of which is of woolen yarn, and the warp of cotton and silk, -- used for w
TOILLESS Toil"less, a.
Defn: Free from toil.
TOILSOME Toil"some, a.
Defn: Attended with toil, or fatigue and pain; laborious; wearisome; as, toilsome work. What can be toilsome in these pleasant walks Milton. -- Toil"some*ly, adv. -- Toil"some*ness, n.
TOISE Toise, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. tesa, fr. L. tensus, fem. tensa, p.p. of tendere to stretch, extend. See Tense, a.]
Defn: An old measure of length in France, containing six French feet, or about 6.3946 French feet.
TOISON Toi`son" (twa`zôn"), n. [F.]
Defn: A sheep's fleece.
TOISON D'OR Toi`son" d'or" (dor"). [F.]
Defn: Lit., the golden fleece; specif., the order of the Golden Fleece, or its jewel.
TOKAY To*kay", n. Etym: [Named fr. Tokay in Hungary.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A grape of an oval shape and whitish color.
2. A rich Hungarian wine made from Tokay grapes.
TOKEN To"ken, n. Etym: [OE. token, taken, AS. tacen; akin to OFries. teken, OS. tekan, D. teeken, G. zeichen, OHG. Zeihhan, Icel. takan, teiken, Sw. tecken, Dan. tegn, Goth. taikns sign, token, gateihan to tell, show, AS. teón to accuse, G. zeihen, OHG. zihan, G. zeigen to show, OHG. zeigon, Icel. tja, L. dicere to say, Gr. di. Cf. Diction, Teach.]
1. Something intended or supposed to represent or indicate another thing or an event; a sign; a symbol; as, the rainbow is a token of God's covenant established with Noah.
2. A memorial of friendship; something by which the friendship of another person is to be kept in mind; a memento; a souvenir. This is some token from a never friend. Shak.
3. Something given or shown as a symbol or guarantee of authority or right; a sign of authenticity, of power, good faith, etc. Say, by this token, I desire his company. Shak.
4. A piece of metal intended for currency, and issued by a private party, usually bearing the name of the issuer, and redeemable in lawful money. Also, a coin issued by government, esp. when its use as lawful money is limited and its intrinsic value is much below its nominal value.
Note: It is now made unlawful for private persons to issue tokens.
5. (Med.)
Defn: A livid spot upon the body, indicating, or supposed to indicate, the approach of death. [Obs.] Like the fearful tokens of the plague, Are mere forerunners of their ends. Beau. & Fl.
6. (Print.)
Defn: Ten and a half quires, or, commonly, 250 sheets, of paper printed on both sides; also, in some cases, the same number of sheets printed on one side, or half the number printed on both sides.
7. (Ch. of Scot.)
Defn: A piece of metal given beforehand to each person in the congregation who is permitted to partake of the Lord's Supper.
8. (Mining)
Defn: A bit of leather having a peculiar mark designating a particular miner. Each hewer sends one of these with each corf or tub he has hewn. Token money, money which is lawfully current for more than its real value. See Token, n., 4. -- Token sheet (Print.), the last sheet of each token. W. Savage.
TOKEN To"ken, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tokened; p. pr. & vb. n. Tokening.] Etym: [AS. tacnian, fr. tacen token. See Token, n.]
Defn: To betoken. [Obs.] Shak.
TOKENED To"kened, a.
Defn: Marked by tokens, or spots; as, the tokened pestilence. [Obs.] Shak.
TOKENLESS To"ken*less, a.
Defn: Without a token.
TOKIN Tok"in, n.
Defn: A tocsin. [Obs.] Halliwell.
TOL Tol, v. t. (Law)
Defn: To take away. See Toll.
TOLA To"la, n. Etym: [Hind., from Skr. tula a balance.]
Defn: A weight of British India. The standard tola is equal to 180 grains.
TOLANE To*lane", n. Etym: [From Toluene.] (Chem.)
Defn: A hydrocarbon, C14H10, related both to the acetylene and the aromatic series, and produced artificially as a white crystalline substance; -- called also diphenyl acetylene.
TOLBOOTH Tol"booth`, n.
Defn: See Tollbooth.
TOLD Told,
Defn: imp. & p. p. of Tell.
TOLE Tole, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toled; p. pr. & vb. n. Toling.] Etym: [OE. tollen to draw, to entice; of uncertain origin. Cf. Toll to ring a bell.]
Defn: To draw, or cause to follow, by displaying something pleasing or desirable; to allure by some bait. [Written also toll.] Whatever you observe him to be more frighted at then he should, tole him on to by insensible degrees, till at last he masters the difficulty.
TOLEDO To*le"do, n.
Defn: A sword or sword blade made at Toledo in Spain, which city was famous in the 16th and 17th centuries for the excellence of its weapons.
TOLERABILITY Tol`er*a*bil"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being tolerable. [R.] Fuller. Wordsworth.
TOLERABLE Tol"er*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. tolerabilis: cf. F. tolérable. See Tolerate.]
1. Capable of being borne or endured; supportable, either physically or mentally. As may affect tionearth with cold and heat Scarce tolerable. Milton.
2. Moderately good or agreeable; not contemptible; not very excellent or pleasing, but such as can be borne or received without disgust, resentment, or opposition; passable; as, a tolerable administration; a tolerable entertainment; a tolerable translation. Dryden. -- Tol"er*a*ble*ness, n. -- Tol"er*a*bly, adv.
TOLERANCE Tol"er*ance, n. Etym: [L. tolerantia: cf. F. tolérance.]
1. The power or capacity of enduring; the act of enduring; endurance. Diogenes, one frosty morning, came into the market place,shaking, to show his tolerance. Bacon.
2. The endurance of the presence or actions of objectionable persons, or of the expression of offensive opinions; toleration.
3. (Med.)
Defn: The power possessed or acquired by some persons of bearing doses of medicine which in ordinary cases would prove injurious or fatal. Tolerance of the mint. (Coinage) Same as Remedy of the mint. See under Remedy.
TOLERANT Tol"er*ant, a. Etym: [L. tolerans, p.pr. of tolerare to tolerate: cf. F. tolérant. See Tolerate.]
Defn: Inclined to tolerate; favoring toleration; forbearing; ingulgent.
TOLERATE Tol"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tolerated; p. pr. & vb. n. Tolerating.] Etym: [L. toleratus, p.p. of tolerare, fr. the same root as tollere to lift up, tuli, used as perfect of ferre to bear, latus (for tlatus), used as p.p. of ferre to bear, and E. thole. See Thole, and cf. Atlas, Collation, Delay, Elate, Extol, Legislate, Oblate, Prelate, Relate, Superlative, Talent, Toll to take away, Translate.]
Defn: To suffer to be, or to be done, without prohibition or hindrance; to allow or permit negatively, by not preventing; not to restrain; to put up with; as, to tolerate doubtful practices. Crying should not be tolerated in children. Locke. We tolerate them because property and liberty, to a degree, require that toleration. Burke.
Syn. -- See Permit.
TOLERATION Tol`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. toleratio: cf. OF. toleration.]
1. The act of tolerating; the allowance of that which is not wholly approved.
2. Specifically, the allowance of religious opinions and modes of worship in a state when contrary to, or different from, those of the established church or belief.
3. Hence, freedom from bigotry and severity in judgment of the opinions or belief of others, especially in respect to religious matters.
TOLL Toll, v. t. Etym: [L. tollere. See Tolerate.] (O. Eng. Law)
Defn: To take away; to vacate; to annul.
TOLL Toll, v. t. Etym: [See Tole.]
1. To draw; to entice; to allure. See Tole.
2. Etym: [Probably the same word as toll to draw, and at first meaning, to ring in order to draw people to church.]
Defn: To cause to sound, as a bell, with strokes slowly and uniformly repeated; as, to toll the funeral bell. "The sexton tolled the bell." Hood.
3. To strike, or to indicate by striking, as the hour; to ring a toll for; as, to toll a departed friend. Shak. Slow tolls the village clock the drowsy hour. Beattie.
4. To call, summon, or notify, by tolling or ringing. When hollow murmurs of their evening bells Dismiss the sleepy swains, and toll them to their cells. Dryden.
TOLL Toll, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tolled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tolling.]
Defn: To sound or ring, as a bell, with strokes uniformly repeated at intervals, as at funerals, or in calling assemblies, or to announce the death of a person. The country cocks do crow, the clocks do toll. Shak. Now sink in sorrows with a tolling bell. Pope.
TOLL Toll, n.
Defn: The sound of a bell produced by strokes slowly and uniformly repeated.
TOLL Toll, n. Etym: [OE. tol, AS. toll; akin to OS. & D. tol, G. zoll, OHG. zol, Icel. tollr, Sw. tull, Dan. told, and also to E. tale; -- originally, that which is counted out in payment. See Tale number.]
1. A tax paid for some liberty or privilege, particularly for the privilege of passing over a bridge or on a highway, or for that of vending goods in a fair, market, or the like.
2. (Sax. & O. Eng. Law)
Defn: A liberty to buy and sell within the bounds of a manor.
3. A portion of grain taken by a miller as a compensation for grinding. Toll and team (O. Eng. Law), the privilege of having a market, and jurisdiction of villeins. Burrill. -- Toll bar, a bar or beam used on a canal for stopping boats at the tollhouse, or on a road for stopping passengers. -- Toll bridge, a bridge where toll is paid for passing over it. -- Toll corn, corn taken as pay for grinding at a mill. -- Toll dish, a dish for measuring toll in mills. -- Toll gatherer, a man who takes, or gathers, toll. -- Toll hop, a toll dish. [Obs.] Crabb. -- Toll thorough (Eng. Law), toll taken by a town for beasts driven through it, or over a bridge or ferry maintained at its cost. Brande & C. -- Toll traverse (Eng. Law), toll taken by an individual for beasts driven across his ground; toll paid by a person for passing over the private ground, bridge, ferry, or the like, of another. -- Toll turn (Eng. Law), a toll paid at the return of beasts from market, though they were not sold. Burrill.
Syn. -- Tax; custom; duty; impost.
TOLL Toll, v. i.
1. To pay toll or tallage. [R.] Shak.
2. To take toll; to raise a tax. [R.] Well could he [the miller] steal corn and toll thrice. Chaucer. No Italian priest Shall tithe or toll in our dominions. Shak.
TOLL Toll, v. t.
Defn: To collect, as a toll. Shak.
TOLLABLE Toll"a*ble, a.
Defn: Subject to the payment of toll; as, tollable goods. Wright.
TOLLAGE Toll"age, n.
Defn: Payment of toll; also, the amount or quantity paid as toll. Drayton.
TOLLBOOTH Toll"booth`, n. Etym: [Toll a tax + booth.] Etym: [Written also tolbooth.]
1. A place where goods are weighed to ascertain the duties or toll. [Obs.] He saw Levy . . . sitting at the tollbooth. Wyclif (Mark ii. 14).
2. In Scotland, a burgh jail; hence, any prison, especially a town jail. Sir W. Scott.
TOLLBOOTH Toll"booth`, v. t.
Defn: To imprison in a tollbooth. [R.] That they might tollbooth Oxford men. Bp. Corbet.
TOLLER Toll"er, n. Etym: [AS. tollere.]
Defn: A toll gatherer. "Tollers in markets." Piers Plowman.
TOLLER Toll"er, n.
Defn: One who tolls a bell.
TOLLETANE Tol"le*tane, a. Etym: [L. Toletanus.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to Toledo in Spain; made in Toledo. [Obs.] "Tables Tolletanes." Chaucer.
TOLLGATE Toll"gate`, n.
Defn: A gate where toll is taken.
TOLLHOUSE Toll"house`, n.; pl. Tollhouses (.
Defn: A house occupied by a receiver of tolls.
TOLLMAN Toll"man, n.; pl. Tollmen (.
Defn: One who receives or collects toll; a toll gatherer. Cowper.
TOLMEN Tol"men, n.
Defn: See Dolmen.
TOLSESTER Tol"ses*ter, n. Etym: [LL. tolsestrum. Cf. Toll a tax.] (O. Eng. Law)
Defn: A toll or tribute of a sextary of ale, paid to the lords of some manors by their tenants, for liberty to brew and sell ale. Cowell.
TOLSEY Tol"sey, n.
Defn: A tollbooth; also, a merchants' meeting place, or exchange. [Obs.] Halliwell.
TOLSTOYAN; TOLSTOIAN Tol*stoy"an, Tol*stoi"an, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Tolstoy (1828-1910). -- n.
Defn: A follower of Tolstoy, who advocates and practices manual labor, simplicity of living, nonresistance, etc., holds that possession of wealth and ownership of property are sinful, and in religion rejects all teachings not coming from Christ himself.
TOLT Tolt, n. Etym: [LL. tolta, fr. L. tollere to take away.] (O. Eng. Law)
Defn: A writ by which a cause pending in a court baron was removed into a country court. Cowell.
TOLTEC Tol"tec, n. (Ethnol.)
Defn: One of a race which formerly occupied Mexico. -- Tol"te*can, a.
TOLU To*lu", n.
Defn: A fragrant balsam said to have been first brought from Santiago de Tolu, in New Granada. See Balsam of Tolu, under Balsam. Tolu tree (Bot.), a large tree (Myroxylon toluiferum), the wood of which is red in the center, and has an aromatic rose odor. It affords the balsam called tolu.
TOLUATE Tol"u*ate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of any one of the toluic acids.
TOLUENE Tol"u*ene, n. Etym: [Tolu + benzene.] (Chem.)
Defn: A hydrocarbon, C6H5.CH3, of the aromatic series, homologous with benzene, and obtained as a light mobile colorless liquid, by distilling tolu balsam, coal tar, etc.; -- called also methyl benzene, phenyl methane, etc.
TOLUENYL Tol`u*e"nyl, n. Etym: [Toluene + -yl.] (Chem.)
Defn: Tolyl. [Obs.]
TOLUIC To*lu"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, one of three metameric acids, CH3.C6H4.CO2H, which are related to toluene and analogous to benzoic acids. They are white crystalline substances, and are called respectively orthotoluic acid, metatoluic acid, and paratoluic acid.
TOLUID Tol"u*id, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A complex double tolyl and toluidine derivative of glycocoll, obtained as a white crystalline substance.
TOLUIDINE To*lu"i*dine, n. (Chem.)
Defn: Any one of three metameric amido derivatives of toluene analogous to aniline, and called respectively orthtoluidine, metatoluidine, and paratoluidine; especially, the commonest one, or paratoluidine, which is obtained as a white crystalline substance.
Note: It is used in the aniline dye industry, and constitutes the essential nucleus or radical of those dyes.
TOLUOL; TOLUOLE Tol"u*ol, Tol"u*ole n. Etym: [Tolu + benzol.] (Chem.)
Defn: Same as Toluene.
TOLURIC To*lu"ric, a. Etym: [Toluic + uric.] (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, any one of three isomeric crystalline acids, C9H10ON.CO2H, which are toluyl derivatives of glycocoll.
TOLUTATION Tol`u*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. tolutim on a trot, properly, lifting up the feet, akin to tollere to lift up.]
Defn: A pacing or ambling. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
TOLUYL Tol"u*yl, n. Etym: [Toluic + -yl.] (Chem.)
Defn: Any one of the three hypothetical radicals corresponding to the three toluic acids.
TOLUYLENE Tol"u*yl*ene, n. (Chem.) (a) Same as Stilbene. (b) Sometimes, but less properly, tolylene.
TOLYL Tol"yl, n. Etym: [Toluic + -yl.] (Chem.)
Defn: The hydrocarbon radical, CH3.C6H4, regarded as characteristic of certain compounds of the aromatic series related to toluene; as, tolyl carbinol.
TOLYLENE Tol"yl*ene, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A hydrocarbon radical, C6H4.(CH2)2, regarded as characteristic of certain toluene derivatives.
TOLYPEUTINE Tol`y*peu"tine, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The apar.
TOM Tom, n.
Defn: The knave of trumps at gleek. [Obs.]
TOMAHAWK Tom"a*hawk, n. Etym: [Of American Indian origin; cf. Algonkin tomehagen, Mohegan tumnahegan, Delaware tamoihecan.]
Defn: A kind of war hatchet used by the American Indians. It was originally made of stone, but afterwards of iron.
TOMAHAWK Tom"a*hawk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tomahawked; p. pr. & vb. n. Tomahawking.]
Defn: To cut, strike, or kill, with a tomahawk.
TOMALEY Tom"a`ley, n.
Defn: The liver of the lobster, which becomes green when boiled; -- called also tomalline.
TOMAN To*man", n. Etym: [Per. toman; from a Mongol word signifying, ten thousand.]
Defn: A money of account in Persia, whose value varies greatly at different times and places. Its average value may be reckoned at about two and a half dollars.
TOM AND JERRY Tom and Jerry.
Defn: A hot sweetened drink of rum and water spiced with cinnamon, cloves, etc., and beaten up with eggs.
TOMATO To*ma"to, n.; pl. Tomatoes. Etym: [Sp. or Pg. tomate, of American Indian origin; cf. Mexican tomail.] (Bot.)
Defn: The fruit of a plant of the Nightshade family (Lycopersicum esculentun); also, the plant itself. The fruit, which is called also love apple, is usually of a rounded, flattened form, but often irregular in shape. It is of a bright red or yellow color, and is eaten either cooked or uncooked. Tomato gall (Zoöl.), a large gall consisting of a mass of irregular swellings on the stems and leaves of grapevines. They are yellowish green, somewhat tinged with red, and produced by the larva of a small two-winged fly (Lasioptera vitis). -- Tomato sphinx (Zoöl.), the adult or imago of the tomato worm. It closely resembles the tobacco hawk moth. Called also tomato hawk moth. See Illust. of Hawk moth. -- Tomato worm (Zoöl.), the larva of a large hawk moth (Sphinx, or Macrosila, quinquemaculata) which feeds upon the leaves of the tomato and potato plants, often doing considerable damage. Called also potato worm.
TOMB Tomb, n. Etym: [OE. tombe, toumbe, F. tombe, LL. tumba, fr. Gr. tumulus a mound. Cf. Tumulus.]
1. A pit in which the dead body of a human being is deposited; a grave; a sepulcher. As one dead in the bottom of a tomb. Shak.
2. A house or vault, formed wholly or partly in the earth, with walls and a roof, for the reception of the dead. "In tomb of marble stones." Chaucer.
3. A monument erected to inclose the body and preserve the name and memory of the dead. Hang her an epitaph upon her tomb. Shak. Tomb bat (Zoöl.), any one of species of Old World bats of the genus Taphozous which inhabit tombs, especially the Egyptian species (T. perforatus).
TOMB Tomb,, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tombed; p. pr. & vb. n. Tombing.]
Defn: To place in a tomb; to bury; to inter; to entomb. I tombed my brother that I might be blessed. Chapman.
TOMBAC Tom"bac, n. Etym: [Pg. tambaca,tambaque, fr. Malay tambaga copper; cf. Skr. tamraka; cf. F. tombac.] (Metal.)
Defn: An alloy of copper and zinc, resembling brass, and containing about 84 per cent of copper; -- called also German, or Dutch, brass. It is very malleable and ductile, and when beaten into thin leaves is sometimes called Dutch metal. The addition of arsenic makes white tombac. [Written also tombak, and tambac.]
TOM ' BEDLAM Tom o' Bed"lam.
Defn: Formerly, a wandering mendicant discharged as incurable from Bethlehem Hospitel, Eng.; hence, a wandering mendicant, either mad or feigning to be so; a madman; a bedlamite.
TOMBESTER Tom"bes*ter, n. Etym: [See Tumble, and -ster.]
Defn: A female dancer. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TOMBLESS Tomb"less, a.
Defn: Destitute of a tomb.
TOMBOY Tom"boy`, n. Etym: [Tom (for Thomas, L. Thomas, fr. Gr. boy.]
Defn: A romping girl; a hoiden. [Colloq.] J. Fletcher.
TOMBSTONE Tomb"stone`, n.
Defn: A stone erected over a grave, to preserve the memory of the deceased.
TOMCAT Tom"cat`, n. Etym: [Tom (see Tomboy) + cat.]
Defn: A male cat, especially when full grown or of large size.
TOMCOD Tom"cod`, n. Etym: [Tom (see Tomboy) + cod: cf. F. tacaud whiting pout, American Indian tacaud, literally, plenty fish.] (Zoöl.) (a) A small edible American fish (Microgadus tomcod) of the Codfish family, very abundant in autumn on the Atlantic coast of the Northen United States; -- called also frostfish. See Illust. under Frostfish. (b) The kingfish. See Kingfish (a). (c) The jack. See 2d Jack, 8. (c).
TOME Tome, n. Etym: [F. tome (cf. It., Sp., & Pg. tomo), L. tomus, fr. Gr. tondere to shear, E. tonsure. Cf. Anatomy, Atom, Entomology, Epitome. ]
Defn: As many writings as are bound in a volume, forming part of a larger work; a book; -- usually applied to a ponderous volume. Tomes of fable and of dream. Cowper. A more childish expedient than that to which he now resorted is not to be found in all the tomes of the casuists. Macaulay.
TOMELET Tome"let, n.
Defn: All small tome, or volume. [R.]
TOMENTOSE To"men*tose`, a. Etym: [L. tomentum a stuffing of wool, hair, or feathers: cf. F. tomenteux.] (Bot. & Zoöl.)
Defn: Covered with matted woolly hairs; as, a tomentose leaf; a tomentose leaf; a tomentose membrane.
TOMENTOUS To*men"tous, a.
Defn: Tomentose.
TOMENTUM To*men"tum, n.; pl. Tomenta. Etym: [L. See Tomentose. ] (Bot.)
Defn: The closely matted hair or downy nap covering the leaves or stems of some plants.
TOMFOOL Tom"fool`, n. Etym: [Tom (see Tomboy) + fool.]
Defn: A great fool; a trifler.
TOMFOOLERY Tom`fool"er*y, n.
Defn: Folly; trifling.
TOMIUM To"mi*um, n.; pl. Tomia Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The cutting edge of the bill of a bird.
TOMJOHN Tom"john`, n. Etym: [Probably of East Indian origin.]
Defn: A kind of open sedan used in Ceylon, carried by a single pole on men's shoulders.
TOMMY Tom"my, n.
1. Bread, -- generally a penny roll; the supply of food carried by workmen as their daily allowance. [Slang,Eng.]
2. A truck, or barter; the exchange of labor for goods, not money. [Slang, Eng.]
Note: Tommy is used adjectively or in compounds; as, tommy master, tommy-store,tommy-shop,etc.
TOMMY ATKINS Tom"my At"kins.
Defn: Any white regular soldier of the British army; also, such soldiers collectively; -- said to be fictitious name inserted in the models given to soldiers to guide them in filling out account blanks, etc.
TOMNODDY Tom"nod`dy, n. Etym: [Tom (see Tomboy) + noddy.]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A sea bird, the puffin. [Prov.Eng.]
2. A fool; a dunce; a noddy.
TOMOPTERIS To*mop"te*ris, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of transparent marine annelids which swim actively at the surface of the sea. They have deeply divided or forked finlike organs (parapodia). This genus is the type of the order, or suborder, Gymnocopa.
TOMORN To*morn", adv. Etym: [Prep. to + morn.]
Defn: To-morrow. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TOMORROW To*mor"row, adv. Etym: [Prep. to + morrow.]
Defn: On the day after the present day; on the next day; on the morrow. Summon him to-morrow to the Tower. Shak.
TOMORROW To*mor"row, n.
Defn: The day after the present; the morrow."To-morrow is our wedding day." Cowper. One today is worth two to-morrows. Franklin.
TOMPION Tom"pi*on, n. Etym: [See Tampios]
1. A stopper of a cannon or a musket. See Tampion.
2. (Mus.)
Defn: A plug in a flute or an organ pipe, to modulate the tone. Knight.
3. The iron bottom to which grapeshot are fixed.
TOMPON Tom"pon, n. Etym: [F. tampon. See Tampion.]
Defn: An inking pad used in lithographic printing.
TOMRIG Tom"rig`, n. Etym: [Tom (see Tomboy) + rig.)]
Defn: A rude, wild, wanton girl; a hoiden; a tomboy. Dennis.
TOMTATE Tom"tate, n.
Defn: A Florida and West Indian grunt (Bathystoma, or Hæmulon, rimator); also, any of various allied species.
TOMTIT Tom"tit`, n. Etym: [Tom (see Tomboy) + tit the bird.] (Zoöl.) (a) A titmouse, esp. the blue titmouse. [Prov.eng.] (b) The wren. [Prov.eng.]
TOM-TOM Tom"-tom`, n.
Defn: See Tam-tam.
TON Ton, obs.
Defn: pl. of Toe. Chaucer.
TON Ton, n. Etym: [Cf. Tunny.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The common tunny, or house mackerel.
TON Ton, n. Etym: [F. See Tone.]
Defn: The prevailing fashion or mode; vogue; as, things of ton. Byron. If our people of ton are selfish, at any rate they show they are selfish. Thackeray. Bon ton. See in the Vocabulary.
TON Ton, n. Etym: [OE. tonne, tunne, a tun, AS. tunne a tun, tub, a large vessel; akin to G. & F. tonne a ton, tun, LL. tunna a tun; all perhaps of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. tunna a tun. Cf. Tun,Tunnel.] (Com.)
Defn: A measure of weight or quantity. Specifically: -- (a) The weight of twenty hundredweight.
Note: In England, the ton is 2,240 pounds. In the United States the ton is commonly estimated at 2,000 pounds, this being sometimes called the short ton, while that of 2,240 pounds is called the long ton. (b) (Naut. & Com.) Forty cubic feet of space, being the unit of measurement of the burden, or carrying capacity, of a vessel; as a vessel of 300 tons burden. See the Note under Tonnage. (c) (Naut. & Com.) A certain weight or quantity of merchandise, with reference to transportation as freight; as, six hundred weight of ship bread in casks, seven hundred weight in bags, eight hundred weight in bulk; ten bushels of potatoes; eight sacks, or ten barrels, of flour; forty cubic feet of rough, or fifty cubic feet of hewn, timber, etc.
Note: Ton and tun have the same etymology, and were formerly used interchangeably; but now ton generally designates the weight, and tun the cask. See Tun.
TONALITY To*nal"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tonalité.] (Mus.)
Defn: The principle of key in music; the character which a composition has by virtue of the key in which it is written, or through the family relationship of all its tones and chords to the keynote, or tonic, of the whole. The predominance of the tonic as the link which connects all the tones of a piece, we may, with Fétis, term the principle of tonality. Helmholtz.
TO-NAME To"-name`, n. Etym: [prep. to + name.]
Defn: A name added, for the sake of distinction, to one's surname, or used instead of it. [Scot.] Jamieson.
TONCA BEAN Ton"ca bean`. (Bot.)
Defn: See Tonka bean.
TONE Tone, n. Etym: [F. ton, L. tonus a sound, tone, fr. Gr. Thin, and cf. Monotonous, Thunder, Ton fasion,Tune.]
1. Sound, or the character of a sound, or a sound considered as of this or that character; as, a low, high, loud, grave, acute, sweet, or harsh tone. [Harmony divine] smooths her charming tones. Milton. Tones that with seraph hymns might blend. Keble.
2. (Rhet.)
Defn: Accent, or inflection or modulation of the voice, as adapted to express emotion or passion. Eager his tone, and ardent were his eyes. Dryden.
3. A whining style of speaking; a kind of mournful or artificial strain of voice; an affected speaking with a measured rhythm ahd a regular rise and fall of the voice; as, children often read with a tone.
4. (Mus.) (a) A sound considered as to pitch; as, the seven tones of the octave; she has good high tones. (b) The larger kind of interval between contiguous sounds in the diatonic scale, the smaller being called a semitone as, a whole tone too flat; raise it a tone. (c) The peculiar quality of sound in any voice or instrument; as, a rich tone, a reedy tone. (d) A mode or tune or plain chant; as, the Gregorian tones.
Note: The use of the word tone, both for a sound and for the interval between two sounds or tones, is confusing, but is common -- almost universal.
Note: Nearly every musical sound is composite, consisting of several simultaneous tones having different rates of vibration according to fixed laws, which depend upon the nature of the vibrating body and the mode of excitation. The components (of a composite sound) are called partial tones; that one having the lowest rate of vibration is the fundamental tone, and the other partial tones are called harmonics, or overtones. The vibration ratios of the partial tones composing any sound are expressed by all, or by a part, of the numbers in the series 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc.; and the quality of any sound (the tone color) is due in part to the presence or absence of overtones as represented in this series, and in part to the greater or less intensity of those present as compared with the fundamental tone and with one another. Resultant tones, combination tones, summation tones, difference tones, Tartini's tones (terms only in part synonymous) are produced by the simultaneous sounding of two or more primary (simple or composite) tones.
5. (Med.)
Defn: That state of a body, or of any of its organs or parts, in which the animal functions are healthy and performed with due vigor.
Note: In this sense, the word is metaphorically applied to character or faculties, intellectual and moral; as, his mind has lost its tone.
6. (Physiol.)
Defn: Tonicity; as, arterial tone.
7. State of mind; temper; mood. The strange situation I am in and the melancholy state of public affairs, . . . drag the mind down . . . from a philosophical tone or temper, to the drudgery of private and public business. Bolingbroke. Their tone was dissatisfied, almost menacing. W. C. Bryant.
8. Tenor; character; spirit; drift; as, the tone of his remarks was commendatory.
9. General or prevailing character or style, as of morals, manners, or sentiment, in reference to a scale of high and low; as, a low tone of morals; a tone of elevated sentiment; a courtly tone of manners.
10. The general effect of a picture produced by the combination of light and shade, together with color in the case of a painting; -- commonly used in a favorable sense; as, this picture has tone. Tone color. (Mus.) see the Note under def. 4, above. -- Tone syllable, an accented syllable. M. Stuart.
TONE Tone, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toned; p. pr. & vb. n. Toning.]
1. To utter with an affected tone.
2. To give tone, or a particular tone, to; to tune. See Tune, v. t.
3. (Photog.)
Defn: To bring, as a print, to a certain required shade of color, as by chemical treatment. To tone down. (a) To cause to give lower tone or sound; to give a lower tone to. (b) (Paint.) To modify, as color, by making it less brilliant or less crude; to modify, as a composition of color, by making it more harmonius. Its thousand hues toned down harmoniusly. C. Kingsley. (c) Fig.: To moderate or relax; to diminish or weaken the striking characteristics of; to soften. The best method for the purpose in hand was to employ some one of a character and position suited to get possession of their confidence, and then use it to tone down their religious strictures. Palfrey. -- To tone up, to cause to give a higher tone or sound; to give a higher tone to; to make more intense; to heighten; to strengthen.
TONED Toned, a.
Defn: Having (such) a tone; -- chiefly used in composition; as, high- toned; sweet-toned. Toned paper, paper having a slight tint, in distinction from paper which is quite white.
TONELESS Tone"less, a.
Defn: Having no tone; unmusical.
TONG; TONGE Tong, Tonge, n.
Defn: Tongue. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TONGA Ton"ga, n. (Med.)
Defn: A drug useful in neuralgia, derived from a Fijian plant supposed to be of the aroid genus Epipremnum.
TONGKANG Tong"kang, n. (Naut.)
Defn: A kind of boat or junk used in the seas of the Malay Archipelago.
TONGO Ton"go, n.
Defn: The mangrove; -- so called in the Pacific Islands.
TONGS Tongs, n. pl. Etym: [OE. tonge, tange, AS. tange; akin to D. tang, G. zanga, OHG. zanga, Don. tang, Sw. tng, Icel. tng, Gr. dadaTang a strong taste, anything projecting.]
Defn: An instrument, usually of metal, consisting of two parts, or long shafts, jointed together at or near one end, or united by an elastic bow, used for handling things, especially hot coals or metals; -- often called a pair of tongs.
TONGUE Tongue, n. Etym: [OE. tunge, tonge, AS. tunge; akin to OFries. tunge, D. tong, OS. tunga, G. zunge, OHG. zunga, Icel. & Sw. tunga, Dan tunge, Goth. tugdingua, L. lingua. Language, Lingo. ]
1. (Anat.)
Defn: an organ situated in the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates and connected with the hyoid arch.
Note: The tongue is usually muscular, mobile, and free at one extremity, and in man other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech. To make his English sweet upon his tongue. Chaucer.
2. The power of articulate utterance; speech. Parrots imitating human tongue. Dryden.
3. Discourse; fluency of speech or expression. Much tongue and much judgment seldom go together. L. Estrange.
4. Honorable discourse; eulogy. [Obs.] She was born noble; let that title find her a private grave, but neither tongue nor honor. Beau. & Fl.
5. A language; the whole sum of words used by a particular nation; as, the English tongue. Chaucer. Whose tongue thou shalt not understand. Deut. xxviii. 49. To speak all tongues. Milton.
6. Speech; words or declarations only; -- opposed to thoughts or actions. My little children, let us love in word, neither in tongue, but in deed and in truth. 1 John iii. 18.
7. A people having a distinct language. A will gather all nations and tongues. Isa. lxvi. 18.
8. (Zoöl.) (a) The lingual ribbon, or odontophore, of a mollusk. (b) The proboscis of a moth or a butterfly. (c) The lingua of an insect.
9. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any small sole.
10. That which is considered as resembing an animal's tongue, in position or form. Specifically: -- (a) A projection, or slender appendage or fixture; as, the tongue of a buckle, or of a balance.
(b) A projection on the side, as of a board, which fits into a groove. (c) A point, or long, narrow strip of land, projecting from the mainland into a sea or a lake. (d) The pole of a vehicle; especially, the pole of an ox cart, to the end of which the oxen are yoked. (e) The clapper of a bell. (f) (Naut.) A sort piece of rope spliced into the upper part of standing backstays, etc.; also. the upper main piece of a mast composed of several pieces. (g) (Mus.) Same as Reed, n., 5. To hold the tongue, to be silent. -- Tongue bone (Anat.), the hyoid bone. -- Tongue grafting. See under Grafting.
Syn. -- Language; speech; expression. See Language.
TONGUE Tongue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tongued; p. pr. & vb. n. Tonguing.]
1. To speak; to utter. "Such stuff as madmen tongue." Shak.
2. To chide; to scold. How might she tongue me. Shak .
3. (Mus.)
Defn: To modulate or modify with the tongue, as notes, in playing the flute and some other wind instruments.
4. To join means of a tongue and grove; as, to tongue boards together.
TONGUE Tongue, v. i.
1. To talk; to prate. Dryden.
2. (Mus.)
Defn: To use the tongue in forming the notes, as in playing the flute and some other wind instruments.
TONGUEBIRD Tongue"bird`, n.
Defn: The wryneck. [Prov. Eng.]
TONGUED Tongued, a.
Defn: Having a tongue. Tongued like the night crow. Donne.
TONGUEFISH Tongue"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A flounder (Symphurus plagiusa) native of the southern coast of the United States.
TONGUELESS Tongue"less, a.
1. Having no tongue.
2. Hence, speechless; mute. "What tongueless blocks were they! would they not speak" Shak.
3. Unnamed; not spoken of. [Obs.] One good deed dying tongueless. Shak.
TONGUELET Tongue"let, n.
Defn: A little tongue.
TONGUE-PAD Tongue"-pad`, n.
Defn: A great talker. [Obs.]
TONGUE-SHAPED Tongue"-shaped`, a.
Defn: Shaped like a tongue; specifically (Bot.), linear or oblong, and fleshy, blunt at the end, and convex beneath; as, a tongue-shaped leaf.
TONGUE-SHELL Tongue"-shell`, n.
Defn: Any species of Lingula.
TONGUESTER Tongue"ster, n.
Defn: One who uses his tongue; a talker; a story-teller; a gossip. [Poetic.] Step by step we rose to greatness; through the tonguesters we may fall. Tennyson.
TONGUE-TIE Tongue"-tie`, n. (Med.)
Defn: Impeded motion of the tongue because of the shortness of the frænum, or of the adhesion of its margins to the gums. Dunglison.
TONGUE-TIE Tongue"-tie`, v. t.
Defn: To deprive of speech or the power of speech, or of distinct articulation.
TONGUE-TIED Tongue"-tied`, a.
1. Destitute of the power of distinct articulation; having an impediment in the speech, esp. when caused by a short frænum.
2. Unable to speak freely, from whatever cause. Love, therefore, and tongue-tied simplicity. Shak.
TONGUEWORM Tongue"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any species of Linguatulina.
TONGUY Tongu"y, a.
Defn: Ready or voluble in speaking; as, a tonguy speaker. [Written also tonguey.] [Colloq.]
TONIC Ton"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. tonigue, Gr. Tone.]
1. Of or relating to tones or sounds; specifically (Phon.), applied to, or distingshing, a speech sound made with tone unmixed and undimmed by obstruction, such sounds, namely, the vowels and diphthongs, being so called by Dr. James Rush (1833) " from their forming the purest and most plastic material of intonation."
2. Of or pertaining to tension; increasing tension; hence, increasing strength; as, tonic power.
3. (Med.)
Defn: Increasing strength, or the tone of the animal system; obviating the effects of debility, and restoring heatly functions. Tononic spasm. (Med.) See the Note under Spasm.
TONIC Ton"ic, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tonigue, NL. tonicum.]
1. (Phon.)
Defn: A tonic element or letter; a vowel or a diphthong.
2. (Mus.)
Defn: The key tone, or first tone of any scale.
3. (Med.)
Defn: A medicine that increases the srength, and gives vigor of action to the system. Tonic sol-fa (Mus.), the name of the most popular among letter systems of notation (at least in England), based on key relationship, and hence called "tonic." Instead of the five lines, clefs, signature, etc., of the usual notation, it employs letters and the syllables do, re, mi, etc., variously modified, with other simple signs of duration, of upper or lower octave, etc. See Sol-fa.
TONICAL Ton"ic*al, a.
Defn: Tonic. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
TONICITY To*nic"i*ty, n. (Physiol.)
Defn: The state of healty tension or partial contraction of muscle fibers while at rest; tone; tonus.
TONIGHT To*night", adv. Etym: [Prep. to+night]
1. On this present or coming night.
2. On the last night past. [Obs.] Shak.
TONIGHT To*night", n.
Defn: The present or the coming night; the night after the present day.
TONITE Ton"ite, n. Etym: [Cf.L. tonare to thunder.]
Defn: An explosive compound; a preparation of gun cotton.
TONKA BEAN Ton"ka bean`. Etym: [Cf. F. onca, tonka.] (Bot.)
Defn: The seed of a leguminous tree (Dipteryx odorata), native of Guiana. It has a peculiarly agreeable smell, and is employed in the scenting of snuff. Called also tiononquin bean. [Written also tonca bean, tonga bean.]
TON MILE Ton mile. (Railroads)
Defn: A unit of measurement of the freight transportation performed by a railroad during a given period, usually a year, the total of which consists of the sum of the products obtained by multiplying the aggregate weight of each shipment in tons during the given period by the number of miles for which it is carried.
TON MILEAGE Ton mileage. (Railroads)
Defn: Ton miles collectively; esp., the total ton miles performed by a railroad in a given period.
TONNAGE Ton"nage (; 48), n. Etym: [From Ton a measure.]
1. The weight of goods carried in a boat or a ship.
2. The cubical content or burden of a vessel, or vessels, in tons; or, the amount of weight which one or several vessels may carry. See Ton, n. (b). A fleet . . . with an aggregate tonnage of 60,000 seemed sufficient to conquer the world. Motley.
3. A duty or impost on vessels, estimated per ton, or, a duty, toll, or rate payable on goods per ton transported on canals .
4. The whole amount of shipping estimated by tons; as, the tonnage of the United States. See Ton.
Note: There are in common use the following terms relating to tonnage: (a) Displacement. (b) Register tonnage, gross and net. (c) Freight tonnage. (d) Builders' measurement. (e) Yacht measurement. The first is mainly used for war vessels, where the total weight is likely to be nearly constant. The second is the most important, being that used for commercial purposes. The third and fourth are different rules for ascertaining the actual burden-carrying power of a vessel, and the fifth is for the proper classification of pleasure craft. Gross tonnage expresses the total cubical interior of a vessel; net tonnage, the cubical space actually available for freight-carrying purposes. Rules for ascertaining these measurements are established by law.
TONNE Tonne, n.
Defn: A tun. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TONNEAU Ton`neau", n.; pl. Tonneaux (#). [F.]
1. In France, a light-wheeled vehicle with square or rounded body and rear entrance.
2. (Automobiles) Orig., the after part of the body with entrance at the rear (as in vehicle in def. 1); now, one with sides closing in the seat or seats and entered by a door usually at the side, also, the entire body of an automobile having such an after part.
3. = Tonne.
TONNIHOOD Ton"ni*hood, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The female of the bullfinch; -- called also tonyhoop. [Prov. Eng.]
TONNISH Ton"nish, a.
Defn: In the ton; fashionable; modish. -- Ton"nish*ness, n.
TONOMETER To*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]
1. (Physics.)
Defn: An instrument for determining the rate of vibrations in tones.
2. (Physiol.) (a) An apparatus for studying and registering the action of various fluids and drugs on the excised heart of lower animals. (b) An instrument for measuring tension, esp. that of the eyeball.
TONOMETRY To*nom"e*try, n.
Defn: The act of measuring with a tonometer; specifically (Med.), measurement of tension, esp. the tension of the eyeball.
TONOPHANT Ton"o*phant, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physics.)
Defn: A modification of the kaleidophon, for showing composition of acoustic vibrations. It consists of two thin slips of steel welded together, their length being adjystable by a screw socket.
TONOUS Ton"ous, a.
Defn: Abounding in tone or sound.
TONQUIN BEAN Ton"quin bean`
Defn: See Tonka bean.
TONSIL Ton"sil, n. Etym: [L. tonsilltonsille. ] (Anat.)
Defn: One of the two glandular organs situated in the throat at the sides of the fauces. The tonsils are sometimes called the almonds, from their shape.
TONSILAR Ton"sil*ar, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the tonsils; tonsilitic. [Written also tonsillar.]
TONSILE Ton"sile, a. Etym: [L. tonsilis, fr. tondere, tonsum, to shear, clip. See Tonsure. ]
Defn: Capable of being clipped.
TONSILITIC Ton`sil*it"ic, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Tonsilar. [Written also tonsillitic.]
TONSILITIS Ton`sil*i"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Tonsil, and -itis.] (Med.)
Defn: Inflammation of the tonsil; quinsy. [Written also, and more usually, tonsillitis.]
TONSILOTOME Ton*sil"o*tome, n. Etym: [Tonsil + Gr. (Surg.)
Defn: An instrument for removing the tonsils.
TONSILOTOMY Ton`sil*ot"o*my, n. (Surg.)
Defn: The operation of removing the tonsil, or a portion thereof.
TONSOR Ton"sor, n. Etym: [L.]
Defn: A barber. Sir W. Scott.
TONSORIAL Ton*so"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. tonsorius, fr. tonsor a shearer, barber, fr. tondere, tonsum, to shear. See Tonsure.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to a barber, or shaving.
TONSURE Ton"sure, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. tonsura a shearing, clipping, from tondere, tonsum, to shear, shave; cf. Gr. tome.]
1. The act of clipping the hair, or of shaving the crown of the head; also, the state of being shorn.
2. (R. C. Ch.) (a) The first ceremony used for devoting a person to the service of God and the church; the first degree of the clericate, given by a bishop, abbot, or cardinal priest, consisting in cutting off the hair from a circular space at the back of the head, with prayers and benedictions; hence, entrance or admission into minor orders. (b) The shaven corona, or crown, which priests wear as a mark of their order and of their rank.
TONSURED Ton"sured, a.
Defn: Having the tonsure; shaven; shorn; clipped; hence, bald. A tonsured head in middle age forlorn. Tennyson.
TONTINE Ton*tine", n. Etym: [F., from It. tontina; -- so called from its inventor, Tonti, an Italian, of the 17th century.]
Defn: An annuity, with the benefit of survivorship, or a loan raised on life annuities with the benefit of survivorship. Thus, an annuity is shared among a number, on the principle that the share of each, at his death, is enjoyed by the survivors, until at last the whole goes to the last survivor, or to the last two or three, according to the terms on which the money is advanced. Used also adjectively; as, tontine insurance. Too many of the financiers by professions are apt to see nothing in revenue but banks, and circulations, and annuities on lives, and tontines, and perpetual rents, and all the small wares of the shop. Burke.
TONTINE INSURANCE Ton*tine" in*su"rance. (Life Insurance)
Defn: Insurance in which the benefits of the insurance are distributed upon the tontine principle. Under the old, or full tontine, plan, all benefits were forfeited on lapsed policies, on the policies of those who died within the tontine period only the face of the policy was paid without any share of the surplus, and the survivor at the end of the tontine period received the entire surplus. This plan of tontine insurance has been replaced in the United States by the semitontine plan, in which the surplus is divided among the holders of policies in force at the termination of the tontine period, but the reverse for the paid-up value is paid on lapsed policies, and on the policies of those that have died the face is paid. Other modified forms are called free tontine, deferred dividend, etc., according to the nature of the tontine arrangement.
TONUS To"nus, n. Etym: [L. a sound, tone. See Tone.] (Physiol.)
Defn: Tonicity, or tone; as, muscular tonus.
TONY To"ny, n.; pl. Tonies. Etym: [Abbrev. from Anthony.]
Defn: A simpleton. L'Estrange. A pattern and companion fit For all the keeping tonies of the pit. Dryden.
TOO Too, adv. Etym: [The same word as to, prep. See To.]
1. Over; more than enough; -- noting excess; as, a thing is too long, too short, or too wide; too high; too many; too much. His will, too strong to bend, too proud to learn. Cowley.
2. Likewise; also; in addition. An honest courtier, yet a patriot too. Pope. Let those eyes that view The daring crime, behold the vengeance too. Pope. Too too, a duplication used to signify great excess. O that this too too solid flesh would melt. Shak. Such is not Charles his too too active age. Dryden.
Syn. -- Also; likewise. See Also.
TOOK Took,
Defn: imp. of Take.
TOOL Tool, n. Etym: [OE. tol,tool. AS. tl; akin to Icel. tl, Goth. taijan to do, to make, taui deed, work, and perhaps to E. taw to dress leather. sq. root64.]
1. An instrument such as a hammer, saw, plane, file, and the like, used in the manual arts, to facilitate mechanical operations; any instrument used by a craftsman or laborer at his work; an implement; as, the tools of a joiner, smith, shoe-maker, etc.; also, a cutter, chisel, or other part of an instrument or machine that dresses work.
2. A machine for cutting or shaping materials; -- also called machine tool.
3. Hence, any instrument of use or service. That angry fool . . . Whipping her house, did with his amarting tool Oft whip her dainty self. Spenser.
4. A weapon. [Obs.] Him that is aghast of every tool. Chaucer.
5. A person used as an instrument by another person; -- a word of reproach; as, men of intrigue have their tools, by whose agency they accomplish their purposes. I was not made for a minion or a tool. Burks.
TOOL Tool, v. t. [imp. & p. p. tooled; p. pr. & vb. n. tooling.]
1. To shape, form, or finish with a tool. "Elaborately tooled." Ld. Lytton.
2. To drive, as a coach. [Slang,Eng.]
TOOLING Tool"ing, n.
Defn: Work perfomed with a tool. The fine tooling and delicate tracery of the cabinet artist is lost upon a building of colossal proportions. De Quincey.
TOOL-POST; TOOL-STOCK Tool"-post`, Tool"-stock`, n. (Mach.)
Defn: The part of a toolrest in which a cutting tool is clamped.
TOOL-REST Tool"-rest`, n. (Mach.)
Defn: the part that supports a tool-post or a tool.
TOOL STEEL Tool steel.
Defn: Hard steel, usually crucible steel, capable of being tempered so as to be suitable for tools.
TOOM Toom, a. Etym: [OE. tom, fr. Icel. tomr; akin to Dan. & Sw. tom, As. tome, adv. Cf. Teem to pour.]
Defn: Empty. [Obs. or Prov.Eng. & Scot.] Wyclif.
TOOM Toom, v. t.
Defn: To empty. [Obs. or Prov.Eng. & Scot.]
TOON Toon, obs.
Defn: pl. of Toe. Chaucer.
TOON Toon, n. Etym: [Hind. tun, tun, Skr. tunna.] (Bot.)
Defn: The reddish brown wood of an East Indian tree (Cedrela Toona) closely resembling the Spanish cedar; also. the tree itself.
TOONWOOD Toon"wood`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: Same as Toon.
TOOT Toot, v. i. Etym: [OE. toten, AS. totian to project; hence, to peep out.] [Written also tout.]
1. To stand out, or be prominent. [Obs.] Howell.
2. To peep; to look narrowly. [Obs.] Latimer. For birds in bushes tooting. Spenser.
TOOT Toot, v. t.
Defn: To see; to spy. [Obs.] P. Plowman.
TOOT Toot, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tooted; p. pr. & vb. n. Tooting.] Etym: [Cf. D. toeten to blow a horn, G. tuten, Sw.tuta, Dan. tude; probably of imitative origin.]
Defn: To blow or sound a horn; to make similar noise by contact of the tongue with the root of the upper teeth at the beginning and end of the sound; also, to give forth such a sound, as a horn when blown. "A tooting horn." Howell. Tooting horns and rattling teams of mail coaches. Thackeray.
TOOT Toot, v. t.
Defn: To cause to sound, as a horn, the note being modified at the beginning and end as if by pronouncing the letter t; to blow; to sound.
TOOTER Toot"er, n.
Defn: One who toots; one who plays upon a pipe or horn. B. Jonson.
TOOTH Tooth, n.; pl. Teeth. Etym: [OE. toth,tooth, AS. ttth, OS. & D. tand, OHG. zang, zan, G. zahn, Icel. tnn, Sw. & Dan. tand, Goth. tumpus, Lith. dantis, W. dant, L. dens, dentis, Gr. danta; probably originally the p. pr. of the verb to eat. *239. Cf. Eat, Dandelion, Dent the tooth of a wheel, Dental, Dentist, Indent, Tine of a fork, Tusk. ]
1. (Anat.)
Defn: One of the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates, and which usually aid in the prehension and mastication of food.
Note: The hard parts of teeth are principally made up of dentine, or ivory, and a very hard substance called enamel. These are variously combined in different animals. Each tooth consist of three parts, a crown, or body, projecting above the gum, one or more fangs imbedded in the jaw, and the neck, or intermediate part. In some animals one or more of the teeth are modified into tusks which project from the mouth, as in both sexes of the elephant and of the walrus, and in the male narwhal. In adult man there are thirty-two teeth, composed largely of dentine, but the crowns are covered with enamel, and the fangs with a layer of bone called cementum. Of the eight teeth on each half of each jaw, the two in front are incisors, then come one canine, cuspid, or dog tooth, two bicuspids, or false molars, and three molars, or grinding teeth. The milk, or temporary, teeth are only twenty in number, there being two incisors, one canine, and two molars on each half of each jaw. The last molars, or wisdom teeth, usually appear long after the others, and occasionally do not appear above the jaw at all. How sharper than a serpent's tooth it is To have a thankless child ! Shak.
2. Fig.: Taste; palate. These are not dishes for thy dainty tooth. Dryden.
3. Any projection corresponding to the tooth of an animal, in shape, position, or office; as, the teeth, or cogs, of a cogwheel; a tooth, prong, or tine, of a fork; a tooth, or the teeth, of a rake, a saw, a file, a card.
4. (a) A projecting member resembling a tenon, but fitting into a mortise that is only sunk, not pierced through. (b) One of several steps, or offsets, in a tusk. See Tusk.
5. (Nat. Hist.)
Defn: An angular or prominence on any edge; as, a tooth on the scale of a fish, or on a leaf of a plant; specifically (Bot.),
Defn: one of the appendages at the mouth of the capsule of a moss. See Peristome.
6. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any hard calcareous or chitinous organ found in the mouth of various invertebrates and used in feeding or procuring food; as, the teeth of a mollusk or a starfish. In spite of the teeth, in defiance of opposition; in opposition to every effort. -- In the teeth, directly; in direct opposition; in front. "Nor strive with all the tempest in my teeth." Pope. -- To cast in the teeth, to report reproachfully; to taunt or insult one with. -- Tooth and nail, as if by biting and scratching; with one's utmost power; by all possible means. L'Estrange. "I shall fight tooth and nail for international copyright." Charles Reade. -- Tooth coralline (Zoöl.), any sertularian hydroid. -- Tooth edge, the sensation excited in the teeth by grating sounds, and by the touch of certain substances, as keen acids. -- Tooth key, an instrument used to extract teeth by a motion resembling that of turning a key. -- Tooth net, a large fishing net anchored. [Scot.] Jamieson. -- Tooth ornament. (Arch.) Same as Dogtooth, n., 2.Tooth paste, a paste for cleaning the teeth; a dentifrice. -- Tooth powder, a powder for cleaning the teeth; a dentifrice. -- Tooth rash. (Med.) See Red-gum, 1. -- To show the teeth, to threaten. "When the Law shows her teeth, but dares not bite." Young. -- To the teeth, in open opposition; directly to one's face. "That I shall live, and tell him to his teeth ." Shak.
TOOTH Tooth, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toothed; p. pr. & vb. n. Toothing.]
1. To furnish with teeth. The twin cards toothed with glittering wire. Wordsworth.
2. To indent; to jag; as, to tooth a saw.
3. To lock into each other. See Tooth, n., 4. Moxon.
TOOTHACHE Tooth"ache`, n. (Med.)
Defn: Pain in a tooth or in the teeth; odontalgia. Toothache grass (Bot.), a kind of grass (Ctenium Americanum) having a very pungent taste. -- Toothache tree. (Bot.) (a) The prickly ash. (b) A shrub of the genus Aralia (A. spinosa).
TOOTHBACK Tooth"back`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any notodontian.
TOOTHBILL Tooth"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A peculiar fruit-eating ground pigeon (Didunculus strigiostris) native of the Samoan Islands, and noted for its resemblance, in several characteristics, to the extinct dodo. Its beak is stout and strongly hooked, and the mandible has two or three strong teeth toward the end. or ts color is chocolate red. Called also toothbilled pigeon, and manu-mea.
TOOTHBRUSH Tooth"brush`, n.
Defn: A brush for cleaning the teeth.
TOOTHDRAWER Tooth"draw`er, n.
Defn: One whose business it is to extract teeth with instruments; a dentist. Shak.
TOOTHED Toothed, a.
1. Having teeth; furnished with teeth. "Ruby-lipped and toothed with pearl." Herrick.
2. (Bot. & Zoöl.)
Defn: Having marginal projecting points; dentate. Toothed whale (Zoöl.), any whale of the order Denticete. See Denticete. -- Toothed wheel, a wheel with teeth or projections cut or set on its edge or circumference, for transmitting motion by their action on the engaging teeth of another wheel.
TOOTHFUL Tooth"ful, a.
Defn: Toothsome. [Obs.]
TOOTHING Tooth"ing, n.
1. The act or process of indenting or furnishing with teeth.
2. (Masonry)
Defn: Bricks alternately projecting at the end of a wall, in order that they may be bonded into a continuation of it when the remainder is carried up. Toothing plane, a plane of which the iron is formed into a series of small teeth, for the purpose of roughening surfaces, as of veneers.
TOOTHLESS Tooth"less, a.
Defn: Having no teeth. Cowper.
TOOTHLET Tooth"let, n.
Defn: A little tooth, or like projection.
TOOTHLETED Tooth"let*ed, a.
Defn: Having a toothlet or toothlets; as, a toothleted leaf. [Written also toothletted.]
TOOTHPICK Tooth"pick`, n.
Defn: A pointed instument for clearing the teeth of substances lodged between them.
TOOTHPICKER Tooth"pick`er, n.
Defn: A toothpick. [Obs.] Shak.
TOOTHSHELL Tooth"shell", n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any species of Dentalium and allied genera having a tooth- shaped shell. See Dentalium.
TOOTHSOME Tooth"some, a.
Defn: Grateful to the taste; palable. -- Tooth"some*ly, adv. -- Tooth"some*ness, n. Though less toothsome to me, they were more wholesome for me. Fuller.
TOOTHWORT Tooth"wort`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: A plant whose roots are fancied to resemble teeth, as certain plants of the genus Lathræa, and various species of Dentaria. See Coralwort.
TOOTHY Tooth"y, a.
Defn: Toothed; with teeth. [R] Croxall.
TOOTLE Too"tle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tootled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tootling.] [Freq. of toot.]
Defn: To toot gently, repeatedly, or continuously, on a wind instrument, as a flute; also, to make a similar noise by any means. "The tootling robin." John Clare.
TOOZOO Too*zoo", n.
Defn: The ringdove. [Prov. Eng.]
TOP Top, n. Etym: [CF. OD. dop, top, OHG., MNG., & dial. G. topf; perhaps akin to G. topf a pot.]
1. A child's toy, commonly in the form of a conoid or pear, made to spin on its point, usually by drawing off a string wound round its surface or stem, the motion being sometimes continued by means of a whip.
2. (Rope Making)
Defn: A plug, or conical block of wood, with longitudital grooves on its surface, in which the strands of the rope slide in the process of twisting.
TOP Top, n. Etym: [AS. top; akin to OFries. top a tuft, D. top top, OHG. zopf end, tip, tuft of hair, G. zopf tuft of hair, pigtail, top of a tree, Icel. toppr a tuft of hair, crest, top, Dan. top, Sw. topp pinnacle, top; of uncertain origin. Cf. Tuft.]
1. The highest part of anything; the upper end, edge, or extremity; the upper side or surface; summit; apex; vertex; cover; lid; as, the top of a spire; the top of a house; the top of a mountain; the top of the ground. The star that bids the shepherd fold, Now the top of heaven doth hold. Milton.
2. The utmost degree; the acme; the summit. The top of my ambition is to contribute to that work. Pope.
3. The highest rank; the most honorable position; the utmost attainable place; as, to be at the top of one's class, or at the top of the school. And wears upon hisbaby brow the round And top of sovereignty. Shak.
4. The chief person; the most prominent one. Other . . . aspired to be the top of zealots. Milton.
5. The crown of the head, or the hair upon it; the head. "From top to toe" Spenser. All the stored vengeance of Heaven fall On her ungrateful top ! Shak.
6. The head, or upper part, of a plant. The buds . . . are called heads, or tops, as cabbageheads. I. Watts.
7. (Naut.)
Defn: A platform surrounding the head of the lower mast and projecting on all sudes. It serves to spead the topmast rigging, thus strengheningthe mast, and also furnishes a convenient standing place for the men aloft. Totten.
8. (Wool Manuf.)
Defn: A bundle or ball of slivers of comkbed wool, from which the noils, or dust, have been taken out.
9. Eve; verge; point. [R.] "He was upon the top of his marriage with Magdaleine." Knolles.
10. The part of a cut gem between the girdle, or circumference, and the table, or flat upper surface. Knight.
11. pl.
Defn: Top-boots. [Slang] Dickens.
Note: Top is often used adjectively or as the first part of compound words, usually self-explaining; as, top stone, or topstone; top- boots, or top boots; top soil, or top-soil. Top and but (Shipbuilding), a phrase used to denote a method of working long tapering planks by bringing the but of one plank to the top of the other to make up a constant breadth in two layers. -- Top minnow (Zoöl.), a small viviparous fresh-water fish (Gambusia patruelis) abundant in the Southern United States. Also applied to other similar species.
TOP Top, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Topped; p. pr. & vb. n. Topping.]
1. To rise aloft; to be eminent; to tower; as, lofty ridges and topping mountains. Derham.
2. To predominate; as, topping passions. "Influenced by topping uneasiness." Locke.
3. To excel; to rise above others. But write thy, and top. Dryden.
TOP Top, v. t.
1. To cover on the top; to tip; to cap; -- chiefly used in the past participle. Like moving mountains topped with snow. Waller. A mount Of alabaster, topped with golden spires. Milton.
2. To rise above; to excel; to outgo; to surpass. Topping all others in boasting. Shak. Edmund the base shall top the legitimate. Shak.
3. To rise to the top of; to go over the top of. But wind about till thou hast topped the hill. Denham.
4. To take off the or upper part of; to crop. Top your rose trees a little with your knife. Evelyn.
5. To perform eminently, or better than before. From endeavoring universally to top their parts, they will go universally beyond them. Jeffrey.
6. (Naut.)
Defn: To raise one end of, as a yard, so that that end becomes higher than the other. To top off, to complete by putting on, or finishing, the top or uppermost part of; as, to top off a stack of hay; hence, to complete; to finish; to adorn.
TOPARCH To"parch, n. Etym: [L. toparcha, Gr.
Defn: The ruler or principal man in a place or country; the governor of a toparchy. The prince and toparch of that country. Fuller.
TOPARCHY To"parch*y, n.; pl. Toparchies. Etym: [L. toparchia, Gr. Toparch.]
Defn: A small state, consisting of a few cities or towns; a petty country governed by a toparch; as, Judea was formerly divided into ten toparchies. Fuller.
TOP-ARMOR Top"-ar`mor, n. (Naut.)
Defn: A top railing supported by stanchions and equipped with netting.
TOPAU To"pau, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The rhinocerous bird (a).
TOPAZ To"paz, n. Etym: [OE. topas, F. topaze, L. topazos, or topazion, a kind of precious stone, Gr. to`pazos, topa`zion; possibly akin to Skr. tap to glow (cf. Tepid). According to some, the name is from Topazos, a small island in the Red Sea, where the Romans obtained a stone which they called by this name, but which is the chrysolite of the moderns.]
1. (Min.)
Defn: A mineral occurring in rhombic prisms, generally yellowish and pellucid, also colorless, and of greenesh, bluish, or brownish shades. It sometimes occurs massive and opaque. It is a fluosilicate of alumina, and is used as a gem.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Either one of two species of large, brilliantly colored humming birds of the Topaza, of South America and the West Indies.
Note: The two tail feathers next to the central ones are much longer that the rest, curved, and crossed. The Throat is metallic yellowish- green, with a tint like topaz in the center, the belly is bright crimson, the back bright red. Called also topaz hummer. False topaz. (Min.) See the Note under Quartz.
TOPAZOLITE To*paz"o*lite, n. Etym: [Topaz + -lite; cf. F. topazolithe.] (Min.)
Defn: A topaz-yellow variety of garnet.
TOP-BLOCK Top"-block`, n. (Naut.)
Defn: A large ironbound block strapped with a hook, and, when used, hung to an eyebolt in the cap, -- used in swaying and lowering the topmast. Totten.
TOP-BOOTS Top"-boots, n. pl.
Defn: High boots, having generally a band of some kind of light- colored leather around the upper part of the leg; riding boots.
TOP-CHAIN Top"-chain`, n. (Naut.)
Defn: A chain for slinging the lower yards, in time of action, to prevent their falling, if the ropes by which they are hung are shot away.
TOP-CLOTH Top"-cloth, n. (Naut.)
Defn: A piece of canvas used to cover the hammocks which are lashed to the top in action to protect the topmen.
TOPCOAT Top"coat`, n.
Defn: An outer coat; an overcoat.
TOP-DRAIN Top"-drain`, v. t.
Defn: To drain the surface of, as land; as, to top-drain a field or farm.
TOP-DRAINING Top"-drain`ing, n.
Defn: The act or practice of drining the surface of land.
TOP-DRESS Top"-dress`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Top-dressed; p. pr. & vb. n. Top- dressing.]
Defn: To apply a surface dressing of manureto,as land.
TOP-DRESSING Top"-dress`ing, n.
Defn: The act of applying a dressing of manure to the surface of land; also, manure so applied.
TOPE Tope, n. Etym: [Probably from Skr. stpa a tope, astupa, through Prakrin tppo.]
Defn: A moundlike Buddhist sepulcher, or memorial monument. often erected over a Buddhish relic.
TOPE Tope, n. Etym: [Tamil tppu.]
Defn: A grove or clumb of trees; as, a toddy tope. [India] Whitworth.
TOPE Tope, n.
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A small shark or dogfish (Galeorhinus, or Galeus, galeus), native of Europe, but found also on the coasts of California and Tasmania; -- called also toper, oil shark, miller's dog, and penny dog.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The wren. [Prov. Eng.]
TOPE Tope, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toped; p. pr. & vb. n. Toping.] Etym: [F. tôper to cover a stake in playing at dice, to accept an offer, tôpe agreed !; -- perhaps imitative of the sound of striking hands on concluding a bargain. From being used in English as a drinking term, probably at first in accepting a toast.]
Defn: To drink hard or frequently; to drink strong or spiritous liquors to excess. If you tope in form, and treat. Dryden.
TOPEK To"pek, n. [Eskimo tupek.]
Defn: An ESkimo house made of material other than snow, esp. one having walls of turf, driftwood, rock, or skin, and a roof of skins of the walrus or seal. In Alaska it is often partially underground and covered with timber and turf. Topeks are also used by Indians of the lower Yukon region.
TOPER To"per, n.
Defn: One who topes, or drinks frequently or to excess; a drunkard; a sot.
TOPET Top"et, n. Etym: [F. toupet tuft. See Touper.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The European crested titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]
TOP FERMENTATION Top fermentation.
Defn: An alcoholic fermentation during which the yeast cells are carried to the top of the fermening liquid. It proceeds with some violence and requires a temperature of 14-30º C. (58-86º F.). It is used in the production of ale, porter, etc., and of wines high in alcohol, and in distilling.
TOPFUL Top"ful, a.
Defn: Full to the top, ore brim; brimfull. "Topful of direst cruelty." Shak. [He] was so topful of himself, that he let it spill on all the company. I. Watts.
TOPGALLANT Top`gal"lant, a.
1. (Naut.)
Defn: Situated above the topmast and below the royal mast; designatb, or pertaining to, the third spars in order from the deck; as, the topgallant mast, yards, braces, and the like. See Illustration of Ship.
2. Fig.: Highest; elevated; splendid. "The consciences of topgallant sparks." L'Estrange. Topgallant breeze, a breeze in which the topgallant sails may properly be carried.
TOPGALLANT Top`gal"lant, n.
1. (Naut.)
Defn: A topgallant mast or sail.
2. Fig.: Anything elevated or splendid. Bacon.
TOPH Toph, n. Etym: [L. tophus, tofus, tufa, or tuft. Cf. Tufa, Tofus, Tophus.] (Min.)
Defn: kind of sandstone.
TOPHACEOUS To*pha"ceous, a. Etym: [L. tophaceus, tofaceus.]
Defn: Gritty; sandy; rough; stony.
TOP-HAMPER Top"-ham`per, n. (Naut.)
Defn: The upper rigging, spars, etc., of a ship. [Written also top hamper.] All the ships of the fleet . . . were so encumbered with tophamper, so overweighted in proportion to their draught of water, that they could bear but little canvas, even with smooth seas and light and favorable winds. Motley.
TOP-HEAVY Top"-heav`y, a.
Defn: Having the top or upper part too heavy for the lower part. Sir H. Wotton.
TOPHET To"phet, n. Etym: [Heb. tophet, literally, a place to be spit upon, an abominable place, fr. tph to spit out.]
Defn: A place lying east or southeast of Jerusalem, in the valley of Hinnom. [Written also Topheth.] And he defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the children of Hinnom. 2 Kings xxiii. 10.
Note: It seems to have been at first part of the royal garden, but it was afterwards defiled and polluted by the sacrifices of Baal and the fires of Moloch, and resounded with the cries of burning infants. At a later period, its altars and high places were thrown down, and all the filth of the city poured into it, until it became the abhorrence of Jerusalem, and, in symbol, the place where are wailing and gnashing of teeth. The pleasant valley of Hinnom, Tophet thence And black Gehenna called, the type of hell. Milton.
TOPHIN Toph"in, n. (Min.)
Defn: Same as Toph.
TOPHUS To"phus, n.; pl. Tophi. Etym: [NL.: cf. F. tophus a mineral concretion in the joint. See Toph.] [Written also tofus.]
1. (Med.)
Defn: One of the mineral concretions about the joints, and in other situations, occurring chiefly in gouty persons. They consist usually of urate of sodium; when occurring in the internal organs they are also composed of phosphate of calcium.
2. (Min.)
Defn: Calcareous tufa.
TOPI To"pi, n.
Defn: An antelope (Damaliscus corrigum jimela) having a glossy purplish brown coat. It is related to the blesbok and is native of British East Africa. Also, any of various related varieties of other districts south of the Sahara.
TOPIARIAN Top`i*a"ri*an, a. Etym: [See Toplary.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to the ornamental cutting and trimming of trees, hedges, etc.; practicing ornamental gardening. [R.] "The topiarian artist." Sir W. Scott. All the pedantries of the topiarian art. C. Kingsley.
TOPIARY Top"i*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. topiarius belonging to ornamental gardening, fr. topia (sc. opera) ornamental gardening, fr. Gr.
Defn: Of or pertaining to ornamental gardening; produced by cutting, trimming, etc.; topiarian. Topiary work, arbors, shrubbery, hedges, or the like, cut and trimmed into fanciful forms, as of animals, building, etc.
TOPIC Top"ic, n. Etym: [F. topiques, pl., L. topica the title of a work of Aristotle, Gr. topika`, fr. topiko`s of or for place, concerning to`poi, or commonplaces, fr. to`pos a place.] (a) One of the various general forms of argument employed in probable as distinguished from demonstrative reasoning, -- denominated by Aristotle to`poi (literally, places), as being the places or sources from which arguments may be derived, or to which they may be referred; also, a prepared form of argument, applicable to a great variety of cases, with a supply of which the ancient rhetoricians and orators provided themselves; a commonplace of argument or oratory. (b) pl.
Defn: A treatise on forms of argument; a system or scheme of forms or commonplaces of argument or oratory; as, the Topics of Aristotle. These topics, or loci, were no other than general ideas applicable to a great many different subjects, which the orator was directed to consult. Blair. In this question by [reason] I do not mean a distinct topic, but a transcendent that runs through all topics. Jer. Taylor.
2. An argument or reason. [Obs.] Contumacious persons, who are not to be fixed by any principles, whom no topics can work upon. Bp. Wilkins.
3. The subject of any distinct portion of a discourse, or argument, or literary composition; also, the general or main subject of the whole; a matter treated of; a subject, as of conversation or of thought; a matter; a point; a head.
4. (Med.)
Defn: An external local application or remedy, as a plaster, a blister, etc. [Obsoles.] Wiseman.
TOPIC Top"ic, a.
Defn: Topical. Drayton. Holland.
TOPICAL Top"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. topique, LL. topicus, Gr. Topic, n.]
1. Of or pertaining to a place; limited; logical application; as, a topical remedy; a topical claim or privilege.
2. (Rhet. & logic)
Defn: Pertaining to, or consisting of, a topic or topics; according to topics.
3. Resembling a topic, or general maxim; hence, not demonstrative, but merely probable, as an argument. Evidences of fact can be no more than topical and probable. Sir M. Hale.
TOPICALLY Top"ic*al*ly, adv.
Defn: In a topical manner; with application to, or limitation of, a particular place or topic.
TOPKNOT Top"knot`, n.
1. A crest or knot of feathers upon the head or top, as of a bird; also, an orgamental knot worn on top of the head, as by women. A great, stout servant girl, with cheeks as red as her topknot. Sir W. Scott.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A small Europen flounder (Rhoumbus punctatus). The name is also applied to allied species.
TOPLESS Top"less, a.
Defn: Having no top, or no visble fop; hence, fig.: very lofty; supreme; unequaled. " The topless Apennines." "Topless fortunes." Beau. & Fl.
TOP-LIGHT Top"-light`, n. (Naut.)
Defn: A lantern or light on the top of a vessel.
TOPMAN Top"man, n.; pl. Topmem (.
1. See Topsman, 2.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: A man stationed in the top.
TOPMAST Top"mast, n. (Naut.)
Defn: The second mast, or that which is next above the lower mast, and below the topgallant mast.
TOPMOST Top"most`, a.
Defn: Highest; uppermost; as, the topmost cliff; the topmost branch of a tree. The nightngale may claim the topmost bough. Cowper.
TOPOGRAPHER To*pog"ra*pher, n. Etym: [Cf. F. topographe, Cr.
Defn: One who is skilled in the science of topography; one who describes a particular place, town, city, or tract of land. Dante is the one authorized topographer of the mediæval hell. Milman.
TOPOGRAPHIC; TOPOGRAPHICAL Top`o*graph"ic, a. Top`o*graph"ic*al,Etym: [Cf. F. topographique.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to topography; descriptive of a place. -- Top`o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. Topographical map. See under Cadastral. -- Topographical surveying. See under Surveying.
TOPOGRAPHIST To*pog"ra*phist, n.
Defn: A topographer.
TOPOGRAPHY To*pog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [F. topographie, Gr.
Defn: The description of a particular place, town, manor, parish, or tract of land; especially, the exact and scientific delineation and description in minute detail of any place or region.
Note: Topography, as the description of particular places, is distinguished from chorography, the description of a region or a district, and for geography, the description of the earth or of countries. Brande & C.
TOPOLOGY To*pol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]
Defn: The art of, or method for, assisting the memory by associating the thing or subject to be remembered with some place. [R.]
TOPONOMY To*pon"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: The designation of position and direction. B. G. Wilder.
TOPONYM Top"o*nym, n.
Defn: A name of a place; more broadly, a name, as in the binomial name of a plant, based on, or derived from, a place name, or based on the location of the thing named.
TOPONYMY To*pon"y*my, n.
Defn: A system of toponyms; the use of toponyms. -- To*pon"y*mal (#), Top`o*nym"ic (#), Top`o*nym"ic*al (#), a.
TOPOPHONE Top"o*phone, n. [Gr. place + Gr. sound.]
Defn: A double ear trumpet for estimating the direction from which sounds proceed, esp. for the use of navigators.
TOP OUT Top out. (Building)
Defn: To top off; to finish by putting on a cap of top (uppermost) course (called a top`ping-out" course).
TOPPER Top"per, n.
1. One that tops, in any sense of the verb; specif.: (a) A cover of a top layer or part. [Colloq.] (b) One that excels, surpasses, or is extraordinary of its kind. [Slang] (c) Any device for cutting off tops; as, a turnip topper. (d) One who tops steel ingots. (e) A three-square float (file) used by comb makers.
2. A top hat. [Slang or Colloq.]
3. Tobacco left in the bottom of a pipe bowl; -- so called from its being often taken out and placed on top of the newly filled bowl. Also, a cigar stump. [Slang]
TOPPIECE Top"piece`, n.
Defn: A small wig for the top of the head; a toupee.
TOPPING Top"ping, a.
1. Rising above; surpassing.
2. Hence, assuming superiority; proud. The great and flourishing condition of some of the topping sinners of the world. South.
3. Fine; gallant. [Slang] Johnson.
TOPPING Top"ping, n.
1. The act of one who tops; the act of cutting off the top.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: The act of raising one extremity of a spar higher than the other.
3. pl.
Defn: That which comes from hemp in the process of hatcheling. Topping lift (Naut.), a large, strong tackle employed to raise or top the end of a gaff, or of a boom.
TOPPINGLY Top"ping*ly, adv.
Defn: In a topping or proud manner.
TOPPINGLY Top"ping*ly, a.
Defn: Same as Topping, a., 3. [Obs.] "Topping quests." Tusser.
TOPPLE Top"ple, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toppled; p. pr. & vb. n. Toppling.] Etym: [From Top summit.]
Defn: To fall forward; to pitch or tumble down. Though castles topple on their warders' heads. Shak.
TOPPLE Top"ple, v. t.
Defn: To throw down; to overturn. He topple crags from the precipice. Longfellow.
TOP-PROUD Top"-proud`, a.
Defn: Proud to the highest degree. [R.] "This top-proud fellow." Shak.
TOP RAKE Top rake. (Mech.)
Defn: The angle that the front edge of the point of a tool is set back from the normal to the surface being cut.
TOP-ROPE Top"-rope`, n. (Naut.)
Defn: A rope used for hoisting and lowering a topmast, and for other purposes.
TOPSAIL Top"sail`, n. (Naut.)
Defn: In a square-rigged vessel, the sail next above the lowermost sail on a mast. This sail is the one most frequently reefed or furled in working the ship. In a fore-and-aft rigged vessel, the sail set upon and above the gaff. See Cutter, Schooner, Sail, and Ship. Topsail schooner. (Naut.) See Schooner, and Illustration in Appendix.
TOPS-AND-BOTTOMS Tops"-and-bot`toms, n. pl.
Defn: Small rolls of dough, baked, cut in halves, and then browned in an oven, -- used as food for infants. 'T is said that her top-and-bottoms were gilt. Hood.
TOP-SHAPED Top"-shaped`, a.
Defn: Having the shape of a top; (Bot.) cone-shaped, with the apex downward; turbinate.
TOP-SHELL Top"-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of marine top_shaped shells of the genus Thochus, or family Trochidæ.
TOPSMAN Tops"man, n.; pl. Topsmen (.
1. The chief drover of those who drive a herd of cattle. P. Cyc.
2. The uppermost sawyer in a saw pit; a topman. Simmonds.
TOPSOIL Top"soil`, n.
Defn: The upper layer of soil; surface soil.
TOPSOILING Top"soil`ing, n. (Engin.)
Defn: The act or art of taking off the top soil of land before an excavation or embankment is begun.
TOPSTONE Top"stone`, n.
Defn: A stone that is placed on the top, or which forms the top.
TOPSY-TURVY Top"sy-*tur"vy, adv. Etym: [Earlier topside-turvey, topsy-tervy; probably for top so turvy; that is, the top as turvy, as it were turvy; where turvy probably means, overturned, fr. AS. torfian to throw.]
Defn: In an inverted posture; with the top or head downward; upside down; as, to turn a carriage topsy-turvy.
TOP-TACKLE Top"-tac`kle, n. (Naut.)
Defn: A tackle used in hoisting and lowering the topmast.
TOP-TIMBERS Top"-tim`bers, n. (Naut.)
Defn: The highest timbers on the side of a vessel, being those above the futtocks. R. H. Dana, Jr.
TOP-TOOL Top"-tool`, n. (Blacksmithing.)
Defn: A tool applied to the top of the work, in distinction from a tool inserted in the anvil and on which the work is placed.
TOQUE Toque, n. Etym: [F. toque; of Celtic origin; cf. W.toc.]
1. A kind of cap worn in the 16th century, and copied in modern fashions; -- called also toquet. His velvet toque stuck as airily as ever upon the side of his head. Motley.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A variety of the bonnet monkey.
TOQUET To*quet", n.
Defn: See Toque, 1.
TOR Tor, n. Etym: [AS. torr; cf. Gael. torr. Cf. Tower.]
1. A tower; a turret. [R.] Ray.
2. High-pointed hill; a rocky pinnacle. [Prov. Eng.] A rolling range of dreary moors, unbroken by tor or tree. C. Kingsley.
TORACE; TORASE To*race", To*rase", v. t. Etym: [Pref. to- + OE. r to rage.]
Defn: To scratch to pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TORAH; TORA To"rah, To"ra, n.; pl. Toroth (#). [Heb. torah.] (Jewish Lit.) (a) A law; a precept.
A considerable body of priestly Toroth. S. R. Driver.
(b) Divine instruction; revelation.
Tora, . . . before the time of Malachi, is generally used of the revelations of God's will made through the prophets. T. K. Cheyne.
(c) The Pentateuch or "Law of Moses."
The Hebrew Bible is divided into three parts: (1) The Torah, "Law," or Pentateuch. (2) The Prophets . . . (3) The Kethubim, or the "Writings," generally termed Hagiographa. C. H. H. Wright.
TORAN; TORANA To"ran, To"ra*na, n. [Skr. toransa an arch, a gate.] (Indian Arch.)
Defn: A gateway, commonly of wood, but sometimes of stone, consisting of two upright pillars carrying one to three transverse lintels. It is often minutely carved with symbolic sculpture, and serves as a monumental approach to a Buddhist temple.
TORBERNITE Tor"bern*ite, n. Etym: [So named after Torber Bergmann, a Swedish chemist.] (Min.)
Defn: A mineral occurring in emerald-green tabular crystals having a micaceous structure. It is a hydrous phosphate of uranium and copper. Called also copper uranite, and chalcolite.
TORC Torc, n.
Defn: Same as Torque, 1.
TORCH Torch, n. Etym: [OE. torche, F. torche a torch, rag, wisp, pad; probably from a derivative of L. torquere, tortum, to twist, because twisted like a rope; cf. F. torcher to rub, wipe, It. topcia a torch, torciare to wrap, twist, OF. torse a torse. Cf. Torture.]
Defn: A light or luminary formed of some combustible substance, as of resinous wood; a large candle or flambeau, or a lamp giving a large, flaring flame. They light the nuptial torch. Milton. Torch thistle. (Bot.) See under Thistle.
TORCHBEARER Torch"bear`er, n.
Defn: One whose office it is to carry a torch.
TORCHER Torch"er, n.
Defn: One who gives light with a torch, or as if with a torch. [Obs.] Shak.
TORCHLIGHT Torch"light`, n.
Defn: The light of a torch, or of torches. Also adjectively; as, a torchlight procession.
TORCHON LACE Tor"chon lace` Etym: [F. torchon a kind of coarse napkin.]
Defn: a simple thread lace worked upon a pillow with coarse thread; also, a similar lace made by machinery.
TORCHON PAPER Tor"chon pa"per. [F. papier torchon.]
Defn: Paper with a rough surface; esp., handmade paper of great hardness for the use of painters in water colors.
TORCH RACE Torch race.
Defn: A race by men carrying torches, as in ancient Greece.
TORCHWOOD Torch"wood`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: The inflammable wood of certain trees (Amyris balsamifera, A. Floridana, etc.); also, the trees themselves.
TORCHWORT Torch"wort`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: The common mullein, the stalks of which, dipped in suet, anciently served for torches. Called also torch, and hig-taper.
TORE Tore,
Defn: imp. of Tear.
TORE Tore, n. Etym: [Probably from the root of tear; cf. W. tór a break, cut, tóri to break, cut.]
Defn: The dead grass that remains on mowing land in winter and spring. [Prov. Eng.] Mortimer.
TORE Tore, n. Etym: [See Torus.]
1. (Arch.)
Defn: Same as Torus.
2. (Geom.) (a) The surface described by the circumference of a circle revolving about a straight line in its own plane. (b) The solid inclosed by such a surface; -- sometimes called an anchor ring.
TOREADOR To"re*a*dor`, n. Etym: [Sp.,fr. torear to fight bulls, fr.L. taurus a bull.]
Defn: A bullfighter.
TO-REND To-rend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. To-rent.] Etym: [Pref. to- + rend.]
Defn: To rend in pieces. [Obs.] The wolf hath many a sheep and lamb to-rent. Chaucer.
TORET Tor"et, n. Etym: [Probably dim. fr. tore, torus.]
Defn: A Turret. [Obs.]
TORET Tor"et, n.
Defn: A ring for fastening a hawk's leash to the jesses; also, a ring affixed to the collar of a dog, etc. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TOREUMATOGRAPHY To"reu`ma*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]
Defn: A description of sculpture such as bas-relief in metal.
TOREUMATOLOGY To*reu`ma*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]
Defn: The art or the description of scupture such as bas-relief in metal; toreumatography.
TOREUTIC To*reu"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Sculp.)
Defn: In relief; pertaining to sculpture in relief, especially of metal; also, pertaining to chasing such as surface ornamentation in metal.
TORGOCH Tor"goch, n.
Defn: The saibling. [Prov. Eng.]
TORILTO To*ril"to, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. torillo a little bull.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A species of Turnix (Turnix sylvatica) native of Spain and Northen Africa.
TORINESE To`rin*ese", a. Etym: [It.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to Turin. -- n. sing. & pl.
Defn: A native or inhabitant of Turin; collectively, the people of Turin.
TORMENT Tor"ment, n. Etym: [OF. torment, F. tourment, fr. L. tormentum an engine for hurling missiles, an instrument of torture, a rack, torture, fr. torquere to turn, to twist, hurl. See Turture.]
1. (Mil. Antiq.)
Defn: An engine for casting stones. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.
2. Extreme pain; anguish; torture; the utmost degree of misery, either of body or mind. Chaucer. The more I see Pleasures about me, so much more I feel Torment within me. Milton.
3. That which gives pain, vexation, or misery. They brought unto him all sick people that were taken with divers diseases and torments. Matt. iv. 24.
TORMENT Tor*ment", v. t. [imp. & p. p. tormented; p. pr. & vb. n. tormenting.] Etym: [OF. tormenter, F. tourmenter.]
1. To put to extreme pain or anguish; to inflict excruciating misery upon, either of body or mind; to torture. " Art thou come hither to torment us before our time " Matt. viii. 29.
2. To pain; to distress; to afflict. Lord, my servant lieth at home sick of the palsy, grievously tormented. Matt. viii. 6.
3. To tease; to vex; to harass; as, to be tormented with importunities, or with petty annoyances. [Colloq.]
4. To put into great agitation. [R.] "[They], soaring on main wing, tormented all the air." Milton.
TORMENTER Tor*ment"er, n.
1. One who, or that which, torments; a tormentor.
2. An executioner. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TORMENTFUL Tor*ment"ful, a.
Defn: Full of torment; causing, or accompainied by, torment; excruciating. [R.] Tillotson.
TORMENTIL Tor"men*til, n. Etym: [F. tormentille; cf. Pr., It., & NL. tormentilla, Sp. tormentila; all fr. L. tormentum pain. So called because it is said to allay pain. See Torment.] (Bot.)
Defn: A rosaceous herb (Potentilla Tormentilla), the root of which is used as a powerful astringent, and for alleviating gripes, or tormina, in diarrhea.
TORMENTING Tor*ment"ing, a.
Defn: Causing torment; as, a tormenting dream. -- Tor*ment"ing*ly, adv.
TORMENTISE Tor"ment*ise, n. Etym: [See Torment.]
Defn: Torture; torment. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TORMENTOR Tor*ment"or, n.
1. One who, or that which, torments; one who inflicts penal anguish or tortures. Jer. Taylor. Thoughts, my tormentors, armed with deadly stings. Milton.
2. (Agric.)
Defn: An implement for reducing a stiff soil, resembling a harrow, but running upon wheels. Hebert.
TORMENTRESS Tor*ment"ress, n.
Defn: A woman who torments. Fortune ordinarily cometh after to whip and punish them, as the scourge and tormentress of glory and honor. Holland.
TORMENTRY Tor"ment*ry, n.
Defn: Anything producing torment, annoyance, or pain. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TORMINA Tor"mi*na, n. pl. Etym: [L., a griping in the belly.] (Med.)
Defn: acute, colicky pains; gripes.
TORMINOUS Tor"mi*nous, a. (Med.)
Defn: Affected with tormina; griping.
TORN Torn,
Defn: p. p. of Tear.
TORNADO Tor*na"do, n.; pl. Tornadoes. Etym: [From Sp. or Pg. tornar to turn, return, L. tornare to turn, hence, a whirling wind. The Sp. & Pg. tornada is a return. See Turn.]
Defn: A violent whirling wind; specifically (Meteorol.), a tempest distinguished by a rapid whirling and slow progressive motion, usually accompaned with severe thunder, lightning, and torrents of rain, and commonly of short duration and small breadth; a small cyclone.
TORNARIA Tor*na"ri*a, n.; pl. Tornariæ . Etym: [NL., fr. L. tornare to turn.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The peculiar free swimming larva of Balanoglossus. See Illust. in Append.
TOROSE To*rose", a. Etym: [L. torosus full of muscle, brawny, fleshy. See Torus.]
Defn: Cylindrical with alternate swellings and contractions; having the surface covered with rounded prominences.
TOROSITY To*ros"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being torose.
TOROUS Torous, a.
Defn: Torose.
TORPEDINOUS Tor*ped"i*nous, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a torpedo; resembling a torpedo; exerting a benumbing influence; stupefying; dull; torpid. Fishy were his eyes; torpedinous was his manner. De Quincey.
TORPEDO Tor*pe"do, n.; pl. Torpedoes. Etym: [L. torpedo, -inis, from torpere to be stiff, numb, or torpid. See Torpid.]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of elasmobranch fishes belonging to Torpedo and allied genera. They are related to the rays, but have the power of giving electrical shocks. Called also crampfish, and numbfish. See Electrical fish, under Electrical.
Note: The common European torpedo (T. vulgaris) and the American species (T. occidentalis) are the best known.
2. An engine or machine for destroying ships by blowing them up. Specifically: -- (a) A quantity of explosives anchored in a channel, beneath the water, or set adrift in a current, and so arranged that they will be exploded when touched by a vessel, or when an electric circuit is closed by an operator on shore. (b) A kind of small submarine boat carrying an explosive charge, and projected from a ship against another ship at a distance, or made self-propelling, and otherwise automatic in its action against a distant ship.
3. (Mil.)
Defn: A kind of shell or cartridge buried in earth, to be exploded by electricity or by stepping on it.
4. (Railroad)
Defn: A kind of detonating cartridge or shell placed on a rail, and exploded when crushed under the locomotive wheels, -- used as an alarm signal.
5. An explosive cartridge or shell lowered or dropped into a bored oil well, and there exploded, to clear the well of obstructions or to open communication with a source of supply of oil.
6. A kind of firework in the form of a small ball, or pellet, which explodes when thrown upon a hard object. Fish torpedo, a spindle- shaped, or fish-shaped, self-propelling submarine torpedo. -- Spar torpedo, a canister or other vessel containing an explosive charge, and attached to the end of a long spar which projects from a ship or boat and is thrust against an enemy's ship, exploding the torpedo. -- Torpedo boat, a vessel adapted for carrying, launching, operating, or otherwise making use of, torpedoes against an enemy's ship. -- Torpedo nettings, nettings made of chains or bars, which can be suspended around a vessel and allowed to sink beneath the surface of the water, as a protection against torpedoes.
TORPEDO Tor*pe"do, v. t.
Defn: to destroy by, or subject to the action of, a torpedo. London Spectator.
TORPEDO-BOAT DESTROYER Tor*pe"do-boat` de*stroy"er.
Defn: A larger, swifter, and more powerful armed type of torpedo boat, originally intended principally for the destruction of torpedo boats, but later used also as a more formidable torpedo boat.
TORPEDO BODY Tor*pe"do body.
Defn: An automobile body which is built so that the side surfaces are flush. [Cant]
TORPEDO BOOM Tor*pe"do boom.
Defn: A spar formerly carried by men-of-war, having a torpedo on its end.
TORPEDO CATCHER Tor*pe"do catch"er.
Defn: A small fast vessel for pursuing and destroying torpedo boats.
TORPEDOIST Tor*pe"do*ist, n. (Nav.)
Defn: One skilled in the theory or use of torpedoes; also, one who favors the use of torpedoes.
TORPEDO SHELL Torpedo shell. (Ordnance)
Defn: A shell longer than a deck-piercing shell, with thinner walls and a larger cavity for the bursting charge, which consists of about 130 pounds of high explosive. It has no soft cap, and is intended to effect its damage by the powerful explosion which follows on slight resistance. It is used chiefly in 12-inch mortars.
TORPEDO STATION Torpedo station.
Defn: A headquarters for torpedo vessels and their supplies, usually having facilities for repairs and for instruction and experiments. The principal torpedo station of the United States is at Newport, R.I.
TORPEDO STERN Torpedo stern.
Defn: A broad stern without overhang, flattened on the bottom, used in some torpedo and fast power boats. It prevents settling in the water at high speed.
TORPEDO TUBE Torpedo tube. (Nav.)
Defn: A tube fixed below or near the water line through which a torpedo is fired, usually by a small charge of gunpowder. On torpedo vessels the tubes are on deck and usually in broadside, on larger vessels usually submerged in broadside and fitted with a movable shield which is pushed out from the vessel's side to protect the torpedo until clear, but formerly sometimes in the bow. In submarine torpedo boats they are in the bow.
TORPENT Tor"pent, a. Etym: [L. torpens, p. pr. of torpere to be numb.]
Defn: Having no motion or activity; incapable of motion; benumbed; torpid. [Obs.] Evelyn.
TORPESCENCE Tor*pes"cence, n.
Defn: The quality or state or being torpescent; torpidness; numbness; stupidity.
TORPESCENT Tor*pes"cent, a. Etym: [L. torpescens, p. pr. of torpescere to grow stiff, numb, or torpid, incho. fr. torpere. See Torpid.]
Defn: Becoming torpid or numb. Shenstone.
TORPID Tor"pid, a. Etym: [L. torpidus, fr. torpere to be stiff, numb, or torpid; of uncertain origin.]
1. Having lost motion, or the power of exertion and feeling; numb; benumbed; as, a torpid limb. Without heat all things would be torpid. Ray.
2. Dull; stupid; sluggish; inactive. Sir M. Hale.
TORPIDITY Tor*pid"i*ty, n.
Defn: Same as Torpidness.
TORPIDLY Tor"pid*ly, adv.
Defn: In a torpid manner.
TORPIDNESS Tor"pid*ness, n.
Defn: The qualityy or state of being torpid.
TORPIFY Tor"pi*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Torpified; p. pr. & vb. n. Torpifying. (.] Etym: [L. torpere to be torpid + -fy.]
Defn: To make torpid; to numb, or benumb.
TORPITUDE Tor"pi*tude, n.
Defn: Torpidness. [Obs.] "In a kind of torpitude, or sleeping state." Derham.
TORPOR Tor"por, n. Etym: [L., from torpere, to be torpid.]
1. Loss of motion, or of the motion; a state of inactivity with partial or total insensibility; numbness.
2. Dullness; sluggishness; inactivity; as, a torpor of the mental faculties.
TORPORIFIC Tor`por*if"ic, a. Etym: [L. torpor torpor + facere to make.]
Defn: Tending to produce torpor.
TORQUATE Tor"quate, a. Etym: [L. torquatus wearing a collar.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Collared; having a torques, or distinct colored ring around the neck.
TORQUATED tor"qua*ted, a. Etym: [L. Torqyatus.]
Defn: Having or wearing a torque, or neck chain.
TORQUE Torque, n. Etym: [L. torques a twisted neck chain, fr. torquere to twist.]
1. A collar or neck chain, usually twisted, especially as worn by ancient barbaric nations, as the Gauls, Germans, and Britons.
2. Etym: [L. torquere to twist.] (Mech.)
Defn: That which tends to produce torsion; a couple of forces. J. Thomson.
3. (Phys. Science)
Defn: A turning or twisting; tendency to turn, or cause to turn, about an axis.
TORQUED Torqued, a. Etym: [L. torquere to twist, to turn, to wind.]
1. Wreathed; twisted. [R.]
2. (Her.)
Defn: Twisted; bent; -- said of a dolphin haurient, which forms a figure like the letter S.
TORQUES Tor"ques, n. Etym: [L., a necklace. See Torque, 1.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A cervical ring of hair or feathers, distinguished by its color or structure; a collar.
TORREFACTION Tor`re*fac"tion, n. Etym: [L.torrefacere,torrefactum, to torrefy: cf. F. torréfaction. See Torrefy.]
Defn: The act or process of torrefying, or the state of being torrefied. Bp. Hall.
TORREFY Tor"re*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Torrefied; p. pr. & vb. n. Torrefying.] Etym: [L. torrere to parch + -fy: cf. F. torréfier, L. torrefacere.] [Written also torrify.]
1. To dry by a fire. Sir T. Browne.
2. (Metal.)
Defn: To subject to scorching heat, so as to drive off volatile ingredients; to roast, as ores.
3. (Pharm.)
Defn: To dry or parch, as drugs, on a metallic plate till they are friable, or are reduced to the state desired.
TORRENS SYSTEM Tor"rens sys`tem.
Defn: A system of registration of titles to land (as distinct from registration of deeds) introduced into South Australia by the Real Property (or Torrens) Act (act 15 of 1857-58), drafted by Sir Robert Torrens (1814-84). Its essential feature is the guaranty by the government of properly registered titles. The system has been generally adopted in Australia and British Columbia, and in its original or a modified form in some other countries, including some States of the United States. Hence Torrens title, etc.
TORRENT Tor"rent, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. torrens, -entis, fr. torrens burning, roaring, boiling, p. pr. of torrere to dry by heat, to burn. See Torrid.]
1. A violent stream, as of water, lava, or the like; a stream suddenly raised and running rapidly, as down a precipice. The roaring torrent is deep and wide. Longfellow.
2. Fig.: A violent or rapid flow; a strong current; a flood; as, a torrent of vices; a torrent of eloquence. At length, Erasmus, that great injured name, . . . Stemmed the wild torrent of a barbarous age. Pope.
TORRENT Tor"rent, a. Etym: [See Torrent, n.]
Defn: Rolling or rushing in a rapid stream. "Waves of torrent fire." Milton.
TORRENTIAL; TORRENTINE Tor*ren"tial, Tor*ren"tine, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a torrent; having the character of a torrent; caused by a torrent . [R.]
TORRICELLIAN Tor`ri*cel"li*an, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Torricelli, an Italian philosopher and mathematician, who, in 1643, discovered that the rise of a liquid in a tube, as in the barometer, is due to atmospheric pressure. See Barometer. Torricellian tube, a glass tube thirty or more inches in length, open at the lower end and hermetically sealed at the upper, such as is used in the barometer. -- Torricellian vacuum (Physics), a vacuum produced by filling with a fluid, as mercury, a tube hermetically closed at one end, and, after immersing the other end in a vessel of the same fluid, allowing the inclosed fluid to descend till it is counterbalanced by the pressure of the atmosphere, as in the barometer. Hutton.
TORRID Tor"rid, a. Etym: [L. torridus, fr. torrere to parch, to burn, akin to E. Thist: cf. F. torride. See Thirst.]
1. Parched; dried with heat; as, a torrid plain or desert. "Barca or Cyrene's torrid soil." Milton.
2. Violenty hot; drying or scorching with heat; burning; parching. "Torrid heat." Milton. Torrid zone (Geog.), that space or board belt of the earth, included between the tropics, over which the sun is vertical at some period of every year, and the heat is always great.
TORRIDITY Tor*rid"i*ty, n.
Defn: Torridness. [R.]
TORRIDNESS Tor"rid*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being torrid or parched.
TORRIL Tor"ril, n.
Defn: A worthless woman; also, a worthless horse. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
TORROCK Tor"rock, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A gull. [Prov. Eng.]
TORSADE Tor*sade", n. [F.]
Defn: A twisted cord; also, a molded or worked ornament of similar form.
The crown decked with torsades of pearls. Harper's Mag.
TORSAL Tor"sal, n. (Carp.)
Defn: A torsel. Knight.
TORSE Torse, n. Etym: [OF., fr. OF. & F. tors, torse, twisted, wreathed, p. p. of tordre to twist, L. torquere. See Torture.]
1. (Her.)
Defn: A wreath.
2. Etym: [F. tors, torse, twisted.] (Geom.)
Defn: A developable surface. See under Developable.
TORSEL Tor"sel, n. (Carp.)
Defn: A plate of timber for the end of a beam or joist to rest on. Gwilt
TORSIBILLTY Tor`si*bil"l*ty, n.
Defn: The tendency, as of a rope, to untwist after being twisted.
TORSION Tor"sion, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. torsio, fr. L. torquere, tortum, to twist. See Torture.]
1. The act of turning or twisting, or the state of being twisted; the twisting or wrenching of a body by the exertion of a lateral force tending to turn one end or part of it about a longitudinal axis, while the other is held fast or turned in the opposite direction.
2. (Mech.)
Defn: That force with which a thread, wire, or rod of any material, returns, or tends to return, to a state of rest after it has been twisted; torsibility. Angle of torsion (of a curve) (Geom.), the indefinitely small angle between two consecutive osculating planes of a curve of double curvature. -- Moment of torsion (Mech.) the moment of a pair of equal and opposite couples which tend to twist a body. -- Torsion balance (Physics.), an instrument for estimating very minute forces, as electric or magnetic attractions and repulsions, by the torsion of a very slender wire or fiber having at its lower extremity a horizontal bar or needle, upon which the forces act. -- Torsion scale, a scale for weighing in which the fulcra of the levers or beams are strained wires or strips acting by torsion.
TORSIONAL Tor"sion*al, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to torsion; resulting from torsion, or the force with which a thread or wire returns to a state of rest after having been twisted round its axis; as, torsional force.
TORSION ELECTROMETER Tor"sion e*lec*trom"e*ter. (Elec.)
Defn: A torsion balance used for measuring electric attraction or repulsion.
TORSION GALVANOMETER Torsion galvanometer. (Elec.)
Defn: A galvanometer in which current is measured by torsion.
TORSION HEAD Torsion head.
Defn: That part of a torsion balance from which the wire or filament is suspended.
TORSION INDICATOR Torsion indicator.
Defn: An autographic torsion meter.
TORSION METER Torsion meter. (Mech.)
Defn: An instrument for determining the torque on a shaft, and hence the horse power of an engine, esp. of a marine engine of high power, by measuring the amount of twist of a given length of the shaft. Called also torsimeter, torsiometer, torsometer.
TORSK Torsk, n. Etym: [Dan.; akin to Icel. þorskr a codfish, G. dorsch.] (Zoöl.) (a) The cusk. See Cusk. (b) The codfish. Called also tusk.
TORSO Tor"so, n.; pl. E. Torsos, It. Torsi. Etym: [It. torso, probably fr. L. thyrsus a stalk, stem, thyrsus, Gr. torso, turso, a stalk, stem, G. dorsche a cabbage stalk. Cf. Thyrsus, Truss.]
Defn: The human body, as distinguished from the head and limbs; in sculpture, the trunk of a statue, mutilated of head and limbs; as, the torso of Hercules.
TORT Tort, n. Etym: [F., from LL. tortum, fr. L. tortus twisted, crooked, p. p. of torqure to twist, bend. See Torture.]
1. Mischief; injury; calamity. [Obs.] That had them long opprest with tort. Spenser.
2. (Law)
Defn: Any civil wrong or injury; a wrongful act (not involving a breach of contract) for which an action will lie; a form of action, in some parts of the United States, for a wrong or injury. Executor de son tort. See under Executor. -- Tort feasor (Law), a wrongdoer; a trespasser. Wharton.
TORT Tort, a.
Defn: Stretched tight; taut. [R.] Yet holds he them with tortestrein. Emerson.
TORTA Tor"ta, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. torta a cake.] (Metal.)
Defn: a flat heap of moist, crushed silver ore, prepared for the patio process.
TORTEAU Tor"teau, n.; pl. Torteaus Etym: [Of. torteau, tortel, from L.tortus twisted. See Tort.] (Her.)
Defn: A roundel of a red color.
TORTICOLLIS Tor`ti*col"lis, n. Etym: [F. toricolis; L. torquere, tortum, to twist + collum the neck.] (Med.)
Defn: See Wryneck.
TORTILE Tor"tile, a. Etym: [L. tortilis, fr. torquere, tortum, to twist: cf. F. tortile.]
Defn: Twisted; wreathed; coiled.
TORTILITY Tor*til"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being tortile, twisted, or wreathed.
TORTILLA Tor*til"la, n. Etym: [Sp.]
Defn: An unleavened cake, as of maize flour, baked on a heated iron or stone.
TORTION Tor"tion, n. Etym: [LL. tortio. See Torsion.]
Defn: Torment; pain. [Obs.] Bacon.
TORTIOUS Tor"tious, a. Etym: [From Tort.]
1. Injurious; wrongful. [Obs.] "Tortious power." Spenser.
2. (Law)
Defn: Imploying tort, or privat injury for which the law gives damages; involing tort.
TORTIOUSLY Tor"tious*ly, adv. (Law)
Defn: In a tortous manner.
TORTIVE Tor"tive, a. Etym: [L. tortus, p.p. of torquere to twist, wind.]
Defn: Twisted; wreathed. Shak.
TORTOISE Tor"toise, n. Etym: [OE. tortuce, fr. OF. tortis crooked, fr. L. tortus isted, crooked, contorted, p.p. of torquere, tortum, to wind; cf. F. tortue tortoise, LL. tortuca, tartuca, Pr. tortesa crookedness, tortis crooked. so called in allusion to its crooked feet. See Torture.]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of reptiles of the order Testudinata.
Note: The term is applied especially to the land and fresh-water species, while the marine species are generally called turtles, but the terms tortoise and turtle are used synonymously by many writers. see Testudinata, Terrapin, and Turtle.
2. (Rom. Antiq.)
Defn: Same as Testudo, 2. Box tortoise, Land tortoise, etc. See under Box, Land, etc. -- Painted tortoise. (Zoöl.) See Painted turtle, under Painted. -- Soft-shell tortoise. (Zoöl.) See Trionyx. -- Spotted tortoise. (Zoöl.) A small American fresh-water tortoise (Chelopus, or Nanemys, quttatus) having a blackish carapace on which are scattered round yellow spots. -- Tortoise beetle (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of small tortoise-shaped beetles. Many of them have a brilliant metallic luster. the larvæ feed upon the leaves of various plants, and protect themselves beneath a mass of dried excrement held over the back by means of the caudal spines. The golden tortoise beetle (Cassida aurichalcea) is found on the morning-glory vine and allied plants. -- Tortoise plant. (Bot.) See Elephant's foot, under Elephant. -- Tortoise shell, the substance of the shell or horny plates of several species of sea turtles, especially of the hawkbill turtle. It is used in inlaying and in the manufacture of various ornamental articles. -- Tortoise-shell butterfly (Zoöl.), any one of several species of handsomely colored butterflies of the genus Aglais, as A. Milberti, and A. urticæ, both of which, in the larva state, feed upon nettles. -- Tortoise-shell turtle (Zoöl.), the hawkbill turtle. See Hawkbill.
Defn: having a color like that aof a toroise's shell, black with white and orange spots; -- used mostly to describe cats of that color. n.
Defn: a tortoise-shell cat.
TORTRICID Tor"tri*cid, a. Etym: [See Tortrix.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to Tortix, or the family Tortricidæ.
TORTRIX Tor"trix, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. torquere, tortum, to twist.]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of small moths of the family Tortricidæ, the larvæ of which usually roll up the leaves of plants on which they live; -- also called leaf roller.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of tropical short-tailed snakes, which are not venomous. One species (Tortrix scytalæ) is handsomely banded with black, and is sometimes worn alive by the natives of Brazil for a necklace.
TORTULOUS Tor"tu*lous, a. (Nat. Hist.)
Defn: Swelled out at intervals like a knotted cord.
TORTUOSE Tor"tu*ose`, a. Etym: [See Tortuous.]
Defn: Wreathed; twisted; winding. Loudon
TORTUOSLTY Tor`tu*os"l*ty, n. Etym: [L.tortuositas: cf. F.tortuosite.]
Defn: the quality or state of being tortuous.
TORTUOUS Tor"tu*ous, a. Etym: [OE. tortuos, L.tortuosus, fr.tortus a twisting, winding, fr. torquere, tortum, to twist: cf. F. tortueux. See Torture.]
1. Bent in different directions; wreathed; twisted; winding; as, a tortuous train; a tortuous train; a tortuous leaf or corolla. The badger made his dark and tortuous hole on the side of every hill where the copsewood grew thick. Macaulay.
2. Fig.: Deviating from rectitude; indirect; erroneous; deceitful. That course became somewhat lesstortuous, when the battle of the Boyne had cowed the spirit of the Jakobites. Macaulay.
3. Injurious: tortious. [Obs.]
4. (Astrol.)
Defn: Oblique; -- applied to the six signs of the zodiac (from Capricorn to Gemini) which ascend most rapidly and obliquely. [Obs.] Skeat. Infortunate ascendent tortuous. Chaucer. --Tor"tu*ous*ly, adv. -- Tor"tu*ous*ness, n.
TORTURABLE Tor"tur*a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being tortured.
TORTURE Tor"ture, n. Etym: [F.,fr.L. tortura, fr. torquere, tortum, to twist, rack, torture; probably akin to Gr. tre`pein to turn, G. drechsein to turn on a lathe, and perhaps to E. queer. Cf. Contort, Distort, Extort, Retort, Tart, n., Torch, Torment, Tortion, Tort, Trope.]
1. Extreme pain; anguish of body or mind; pang; agony; torment; as, torture of mind. Shak. Ghastly spasm or racking torture. Milton.
2. Especially, severe pain inflicted judicially, either as punishment for a crime, or for the purpose of extorting a confession from an accused person, as by water or fire, by the boot or thumbkin, or by the rack or wheel.
3. The act or process of torturing. Torture, whitch had always been deciared illegal, and which had recently been declared illegal even by the servile judges of that age, was inflicted for the last time in England in the month of May, 1640. Macaulay.
TORTURE Tor"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tortured (; p. pr. & vb. n. Torturing.] Etym: [Cf. F. Torturer. ]
1. To put to torture; to pain extremely; to harass; to vex.
2. To punish with torture; to put to the rack; as, to torture an accused person. Shak.
3. To wrest from the proper meaning; to distort. Jar. Taylor.
4. To keep on the stretch, as a bow. [Obs.] The bow tortureth the string. Bacon.
TORTURER Tor"tur*er, n.
Defn: One who tortures; a tormentor.
TORTURINGLY Tor"tur*ing*ly, adv.
Defn: So as to torture. Beau. & Fl.
TORTUROUS Tor"tur*ous, a.
Defn: Involving, or pertaining to, torture. [R.] "The torturous crucifixion." I. Disraeli.
TORULA Tor"u*la, n.; pl. Torulæ ( Etym: [NL., dim. of L. torus a semicircular molding.] (Biol.) (a) A chain of special bacteria. (b) A genus of budding fungi. Same as Saccharomyces. Also used adjectively.
TORULAFORM Tor"u*la*form`, a. (Biol.)
Defn: Having the appearance of a torula; in the form of a little chain; as, a torulaform string of micrococci.
TORULOSE Tor"u*lose, a. Etym: [L. torulus, dim. of torus: cf. F. toruleux. See Torus] (Bot.)
Defn: Same as Torose.
TORULOUS Tor"u*lous, a.
Defn: Same as Torose.
TORUS To"rus, n.; pl. Tori. Etym: [L., a round, swelling, or bulging place, an elevation. Cf. 3d Tore.]
1. (Arch.)
Defn: A lage molding used in the bases of columns. Its profile is semicircular. See Illust. of Molding. Brande&C.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the ventral parapodia of tubicolous annelids. It usually has the form of an oblong thickening or elevation of the integument with rows of uncini or hooks along the center. See Illust. under Tubicolæ.
3. (Bot.)
Defn: The receptacle, or part of the flower on which the carpels stand.
4. (Geom.)
Defn: See 3d Tore, 2.
TORVED Torved, a.
Defn: Stern; grim. See Torvous. [Obs.] But yesterday his breath Awed Rome, and his least torved frown was death. J. Webster (1654).
TORVITY Tor"vi*ty, a. Etym: [L. torvitas. See Torvous.]
Defn: Sourness or severity of countenance; sterness. [Obs.]
TORVOUS Tor"vous, a. Etym: [L. torvus. ]
Defn: Sour of aspect; of a severe countenance; stern; grim. [Obs.] That torvous, sour look produced by anger. Derham.
TORY To"ry, n.; pl. Tories. Etym: [ Properly used of the Irish bogtrotters who robbed and plundered during the English civil wars, professing to be in sympathy with the royal cause; hence transferred to those who sought to maintain the extreme prerogatives of the crown; probably from Ir. toiridhe, tor, a pursuer; akin to Ir. & Gael. toir a pursuit.]
1. (Eng.Politics)
Defn: A member of the conservative party, as opposed to the progressive party which was formerly called the Whig, and is now called the Liberal, party; an earnest supporter of exsisting royal and ecclesiastical authority.
Note: The word Tory first occurs in English history in 1679, during the struggle in Parliament occasioned by the introduction of the bill for the exclusion of the duke of York from the line of succession, and was applied by the advocates of the bill to its opponents as a title of obloquy or contempt. The Tories subsequently took a broader ground, and their leading principle became the maintenance of things as they were. The name, however, has for several years ceased to designate an existing party, but is rather applied to certain traditional maxims of public policy. The political successors of the Tories are now commonly known as Conservatives. New Am. Cyc.
2. (Amer. Hist.)
Defn: One who, in the time of the Revolution, favored submitting tothe claims of Great Britain against the colonies; an adherent tothe crown.
TORY To"ry, a.
Defn: Of ro pertaining to the Tories.
TORYISM To"ry*ism, n.
Defn: The principles of the Tories.
TOSCATTER To*scat"ter, v. t. Etym: [Pref.to- + scatter.]
Defn: To scatter in pieces; to divide. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TOSE Tose, v. t. Etym: [ See Touse ]
Defn: To tease, or comb, as wool. [Obs.or Prov. Eng.]
TOSH Tosh, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. tonce shorn, clipped, and E. tonsure.]
Defn: Neat; trim. [Scot.] Jomieson.
TOSHRED To*shred", v. t. Etym: [Pref. to- + shred. ]
Defn: To cut into shreads or pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TOSS Toss
Defn: , v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tossed (; (less properly Tost ); p. pr. & vb. n. Tossing.] Etym: [ W. tosiaw, tosio, to jerk, toss, snatch, tosa quick jerk, a toss, a snatch. ]
1. To throw with the hand; especially, to throw with the palm of the hand upward, or to throw upward; as, to toss a ball.
2. To lift or throw up with a sudden or violent motion; as, to toss the head. He tossed his arm aloft, and proudly told me, He would not stay. Addison.
3. To cause to rise and fall; as, a ship tossed on the waves in a storm. We being exceedingly tossed with a tempeat. Act xxvii. 18.
4. To agitate; to make restless. Calm region once, And full of peace, now tossed and turbulent. Milton.
5. Hence, to try; to harass. Whom devils fly, thus is he tossed of men. Herbert.
6. To keep in play; to tumble over; as, to spend four years in tossing the rules of grammar. [Obs.] Ascham. To toss off, to drink hastily. -- To toss the cars.See under Oar, n.
TOSS Toss, v. i.
1. To roll and tumble; to be in violent commotion; to write; to fling. To toss and fling, and to be restless, only frets and enreges our pain. Tillotson.
2. To be tossed, as a fleet on the ocean. Shak. To toss for, to throw dice or a coin to determine the possession of; to gamble for. -- To toss up, to throw a coin into the air, and wager on which side it will fall, or determine a question by its fall. Bramsion.
TOSS Toss, n.
1. A throwing upward, or with a jerk; the act of tossing; as, the toss of a ball.
2. A throwing up of the head; a particular manner of raising the head with a jerk. Swift.
TOSSEL Tos"sel, n.
Defn: See Tassel.
TOSSER Toss"er, n.
Defn: Ohe who tosser. J. Fletcher.
TOSSILY Toss"i*ly, adv.
Defn: In a tossy manner. [R.]
TOSSING Toss"ing, n.
1. The act of throwing upward; a rising and falling suddenly; a rolling and tumbling.
2. (Mining) (a) A process which consists in washing ores by violent agitation in water, in order to separate the lighter or earhy particles; -- called also tozing, and treloobing, in Cornwall. Pryce. (b) A process for refining tin by dropping it through the air while melted.
TOSSPOT Toss"pot`, n.
Defn: A toper; one habitually given to strong drink; a drunkard. Shak.
TOSSY Toss"y, a.
Defn: Tossing the head, as in scorn or pride; hence, proud; contemptuous; scornful; affectedly indifferent; as, a tossy commonplace. [R.] C. Kingsley.
TOST Tost,
Defn: imp. & p. p. of Toss.
TOSTO Tos"to, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)
Defn: Quick; rapid. Pui tosto ( Etym: [It.] (Mus.), faster; more rapid.
TOSWINK To*swink", v. i. Etym: [Pref. to- + swink.]
Defn: To labor excessively. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TOT Tot, n. Etym: [Cf. Toddle, Tottle, Totter.]
1. Anything small; -- frequently applied as a term of endearment to a little child.
2. A drinking cup of small size, holding about half a pint. [Prov.Eng.] Halliwell.
3. A foolish fellow. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
TOTA To"ta, n. Etym: [From the native name in Egypt.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The grivet.
TOTAL To"tal, a. Etym: [F., fr. LL. totalis, fr. L. tolus all,whole. Cf. Factotum, Surtout, Teetotum.]
Defn: Whole; not divided; entire; full; complete; absolute; as, a total departure from the evidence; a total loss. " Total darkness." "To undergo myself the total crime." Milton. Total abstinence. See Abstinence, n., 1. -- Total depravity. (Theol.) See Original sin, under Original.
Syn: Whole; entire; complete. See Whole.
TOTAL To"tal, n.
Defn: The whole; the whole sum or amount; as, these sums added make the grand total of five millions.
TOTALIS To"tal*is, n. [See Total, a.]
Defn: The total.
I look on nothing but totalis. B. Jonson.
TOTALISATOR To"tal*i*sa`tor, n.
Defn: Same as Totalizator.
TOTALITY To*tal"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. totalite, LL. totalitas.]
1. The quality or state of being total; as, the totality of an eclipse.
2. The whole sum; the whole quantity or amount; the entirety; as, the totalityof human knowledge. Buckle. The totality of a sentence or passage. Coleridge.
TOTALIZATION To`tal*i*za"tion, n.
Defn: Act of totalizing, or state of being totalized.
TOTALIZATOR To"tal*i*za`tor, n. [From Totalize: cf. F. totalisateur.]
Defn: A machine for registering and indicating the number and nature of bets made on horse races, as in Australia and South Africa. Called also totalizer.
TOTALIZE To"tal*ize, v. t.
Defn: To make total, or complete;to reduce to completeness. Coleridge.
TOTALIZER To"tal*i`zer, n.
Defn: Same as Totalizator.
TOTALLY To"tal*ly, adv.
Defn: In a total manner; wholly; entirely.
TOTALNESS To"tal*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being total; entireness; totality.
TOTARA To"ta*ra, n. [Maori.]
Defn: A coniferous tree (Podocarpus totara), next to the kauri the most valuable timber tree of New Zeland. Its hard reddish wood is used for furniture and building, esp. in wharves, bridges, etc. Also mahogany pine.
TOTE Tote, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toted; p. pr. & vb. n. Toting.] Etym: [Said to be of African origin.]
Defn: To carry or bear; as, to tote a child over a stream; -- a colloquial word of the Southern States, and used esp. by negroes.
TOTE Tote, n. Etym: [L. totum, fr.totus all, whole.]
Defn: The entire body, or all; as, the whole tote. [Colloq.]
TOTEAR To*tear", v. t. Etym: [Pref. to- + tear. ]
Defn: To tear or rend in pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TOTEM To"tem, n. Etym: [Massachusetts Indian wutohtimoin that to which a person or place belongs.]
Defn: A rude picture, as of a bird, beast, or the like, used by the Nord American Indians as a symbolic designation, as of a family or a clan. And they painted on the grave posts Of the graves, yet unforgotten, Each his own ancestral totem Each the symbol of his household; Figures of the bear and reindeer, Of the turtle, crane, and beaver. Longfellow. The totem,the clan deity, the beast or bird who in some supernatural way attends tothe clan and watches over it. Bagehot.
TOTEMIC To*tem"ic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a totem, or totemism.
TOTEMISM To"tem*ism, n.
1. The system of distinguishing families, clans, etc., in a tribe by the totem.
2. Superstitious regard for a totem; the worship of any real or imaginary object; nature worship. Tylor.
TOTEMIST To"tem*ist, n.
Defn: One belonging to a clan or tribe having a totem. -- To`tem*is"tic, a.
TOTEM POLE; TOTEM POST To"tem pole or post.
Defn: A pole or pillar, carved and painted with a series of totemic symbols, set up before the house of certain Indian tribes of the northwest coast of North America, esp. Indians of the Koluschan stock.
TOTER Tot"er, n. Etym: [See Tote to carry.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The stone roller. See Stone roller (a), under Stone.
T'OTHER T'oth"er.
Defn: A colloquial contraction of the other, and formerly a contraction for that other. See the Note under That, 2. The tothir that was crucifield with him. Wyclif(John xix. 32)
TOTIPALMATE To`ti*pal"mate, a. Etym: [L. totus all, whole + E.palmate.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having all four toes united by a web;-said of certain sea birds, as the pelican and the gannet. See Illust. under Aves.
TOTIPALMI To`ti*pal"mi, n.pl. Etym: [NL.,from L. totus all, whole + palmus palm.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A division of swimming birds including those that have totipalmate feet.
TOTIPRESENCE To`ti*pres"ence, n. Etym: [L. totus all, whole + E.presence.]
Defn: Omnipresence. [Obs.] A. Tucker.
TOTIPRESENT To`ti*pres"ent, a. Etym: [L. totus all, whole + E. present.]
Defn: Omnipresence. [Obs.] A. Tucker.
TOTTER Tot"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tottered; p. pr. & vb. n. Tottering.] Etym: [Probably for older tolter; cf. AS. tealtrian to totter, vacillate. Cf.Tilt to incline, Toddle, Tottle, Totty.]
1. To shake so as to threaten a fall; to vacillate; to be unsteady; to stagger; as,an old man totters with age. "As a bowing wall shall ye be, and as a tottering fence." Ps. lxii. 3.
2. To shake; to reel; to lean; to waver. Troy nods from high, and totters to her fall. Dryden.
TOTTERER Tot"ter*er, n.
Defn: One who totters.
TOTTERINGLY Tot"ter*ing*ly, adv.
Defn: In a tottering manner.
TOTTERY Tot"ter*y, a.
Defn: Trembling or vaccilating, as if about to fall; unsteady; shaking. Johnson.
TOTTLE Tot"tle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tottled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tottling.] Etym: [See Toddle, Totter.]
Defn: To walk in a wavering, unsteady manner; to toddle; to topple. [Colloq.]
TOTTLISH Tot"tlish, a.
Defn: Trembling or tottering, as if about to fall; un steady. [Colloq. U.S.]
TOTTY Tot"ty, a. Etym: [OE. toti. Cf. Totter.]
Defn: Unsteady; dizzy; tottery. [Obs.or Prov. Eng.] Sir W. Scott. For yet his noule [head] was totty of the must. Spenser.
TOTY Tot"y, a.
Defn: Totty. [Obs.] My head is totty of my swink to-night. Chaucer.
TOTY To"ty, n.
Defn: A sailor or fisherman;-so called in some parts of the Pacific.
TOUCAN Tou"can, n. Etym: [F., fr. Pg. tucano; from Brazilian name. ]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of fruit-eating birds of tropical America belonging to Ramphastos, Pteroglossus, and allied genera of the family Ramphastidæ. They have a very large, but light and thin, beak, often nearly as long as the body itself. Most of the species are brilliantly colored with red, yellow, white, and black in striking contrast.
2. (Astronom.)
Defn: A modern constellation of the southern hemisphere.
TOUCANET Tou"can*et, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A small toucan.
TOUCH Touch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Touched; p. pr. & vb. n. Touching.] Etym: [F. toucher, OF. touchier, tuchier; of Teutonic origin; cf. OHG. zucchen, zukken, to twitch, pluck, draw, G. zukken, zukken, v. intens. fr. OHG. ziohan to draw, G. ziehen, akin to E. tug. See Tuck, v. t., Tug, and cf. Tocsin, Toccata.]
1. To come in contact with; to hit or strike lightly against; to extend the hand, foot, or the like, so as to reach or rest on. Him thus intent Ithuriel with his spear Touched lightly. Milton.
2. To perceive by the sense of feeling. Nothing but body can be touched or touch. Greech.
3. To come to; to reach; to attain to. The god, vindictive, doomed them never more-Ah, men unblessed! -- to touch their natal shore. Pope.
4. To try; to prove, as with a touchstone. [Obs.] Wherein I mean to touch your love indeed. Shak.
5. To relate to; to concern; to affect. The quarrel toucheth none but us alone. Shak.
6. To handle, speak of, or deal with; to treat of. Storial thing that toucheth gentilesse. Chaucer.
7. To meddle or interfere with; as, I have not touched the books. Pope.
8. To affect the senses or the sensibility of; to move; to melt; to soften. What of sweet before Hath touched my sense, flat seems to this and harsh. Milton. The tender sire was touched with what he said. Addison.
9. To mark or delineate with touches; to add a slight stroke to with the pencil or brush. The lines, though touched but faintly, are drawn right. Pope.
10. To infect; to affect slightly. Bacon.
11. To make an impression on; to have effect upon. Its face . . . so hard that a file will not touch it. Moxon.
12. To strike; to manipulate; to play on; as, to touch an instrument of music. [They] touched their golden harps. Milton.
13. To perform, as a tune; to play. A person is the royal retinue touched a light and lively air on the flageolet. Sir W. Scott.
14. To influence by impulse; to impel forcibly. " No decree of mine, . . . [to] touch with lightest moment of impulse his free will," Milton.
15. To harm, afflict, or distress. Let us make a covenant with thee, that thou wilt do us no hurt, as we have not touched thee. Gen. xxvi. 28, 29.
16. To affect with insanity, especially in a slight degree; to make partially insane; -- rarely used except in the past participle. She feared his head was a little touched. Ld. Lytton.
17. (Geom.)
Defn: To be tangent to. See Tangent, a.
18. To lay a hand upon for curing disease. To touch a sail (Naut.), to bring it so close to the wind that its weather leech shakes. -- To touch the wind (Naut.), to keep the ship as near the wind as possible. -- To touch up, to repair; to improve by touches or emendation.
TOUCH Touch, v. i.
1. To be in contact; to be in a state of junction, so that no space is between; as, two spheres touch only at points. Johnson.
2. To fasten; to take effect; to make impression. [R.] Strong waters pierce metals, and will touch upon gold, that will not touch upon silver. Bacon.
3. To treat anything in discourse, especially in a slight or casual manner; -- often with on or upon. If the antiquaries have touched upon it, they immediately quitted it. Addison.
4. (Naut)
Defn: To be brought, as a sail, so close to the wind that its weather leech shakes. To touch and go (Naut.), to touch bottom lightly and without damage, as a vessel in motion. -- To touch at, to come or go to, without tarrying; as, the ship touched at Lisbon. -- To touch on or upon, to come or go to for a short time. [R.] I made a little voyage round the lake, and touched on the several towns that lie on its coasts. Addison.
TOUCH Touch, n. Etym: [Cf. F. touche. See Touch, v. ]
1. The act of touching, or the state of being touched; contact. Their touch affrights me as a serpent's sting. Shak.
2. (Physiol.)
Defn: The sense by which pressure or traction exerted on the skin is recognized; the sense by which the properties of bodies are determined by contact; the tactile sense. See Tactile sense, under Tactile. The spider's touch, how exquisitely fine. Pope.
Note: Pure tactile feelings are necessarily rare, since temperature sensations and muscular sensations are more or less combined with them. The organs of touch are found chiefly in the epidermis of the skin and certain underlying nervous structures.
3. Act or power of exciting emotion. Not alone The death of Fulvia, with more urgent touches, Do strongly speak to us. Shak.
4. An emotion or affection. A true, natural, and a sensible touch of mercy. Hooker.
5. Personal reference or application. [Obs.] Speech of touch toward others should be sparingly used. Bacon.
6. A stroke; as, a touch of raillery; a satiric touch; hence, animadversion; censure; reproof. I never bare any touch of conscience with greater regret. Eikon Basilike.
7. A single stroke on a drawing or a picture. Never give the least touch with your pencil till you have well examined your design. Dryden.
8. Feature; lineament; trait. Of many faces, eyes, and hearts, To have the touches dearest prized. Shak.
9. The act of the hand on a musical instrument; bence, in the plural, musical notes. Soft stillness and the night Become the touches of sweet harmony. Shak.
10. A small quantity intermixed; a little; a dash. Eyes La touch of Sir Peter Lely in them. Hazlitt. Madam, I have a touch of your condition. Shak.
11. A hint; a suggestion; slight notice. A small touch will put him in mind of them. Bacon.
12. A slight and brief essay. [Colloq.] Print my preface in such form as, in the booksellers' phrase, will make a sixpenny touch. Swift.
13. A touchstone; hence, stone of the sort used for touchstone. [Obs.] " Now do I play the touch." Shak. A neat new monument of touch and alabaster. Fuller.
14. Hence, examination or trial by some decisive standard; test; proof; tried quality. Equity, the true touch of all laws. Carew. Friends of noble touch . Shak.
15. (Mus.)
Defn: The particular or characteristic mode of action, or the resistance of the keys of an instrument to the fingers; as, a heavy touch, or a light touch, also, the manner of touching, striking, or pressing the keys of a piano; as, a legato touch; a staccato touch.
16. (Shipbilding)
Defn: The broadest part of a plank worked top and but (see Top and but, under Top, n.), or of one worked anchor-stock fashion (that is, tapered from the middle to both ends); also, the angles of the stern timbers at the counters. J. Knowles.
17. (Football)
Defn: That part of the field which is beyond the line of flags on either side. Encyc. of Rural Sports.
18. A boys' game; tag. In touch (Football), outside of bounds. T. Hughes. -- To be in touch, to be in contact, or in sympathy. -- To keep touch. (a) To be true or punctual to a promise or engagement [Obs.]; hence, to fulfill duly a function. My mind and senses keep touch and time. Sir W. Scott. (b) To keep in contact; to maintain connection or sympathy;-with with or of. -- Touch and go, a phrase descriptive of a narrow escape. -- True as touch (i.e., touchstone), quite true. [Obs.]
TOUCHABLE Touch"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being touched; tangible. -- Touch"a*ble*ness, n.
TOUCHBACK Touch"back`, n. (G)
Defn: The act of touching the football down by a player behind his own goal line when it received its last impulse from an opponent; -- distinguished from safety touchdown.
TOUCH-BOX Touch"-box`, n.
Defn: A box containing lighted tinder, formerly carried by soldiers who used matchlocks, to kindle the match.
TOUCHDOWN Touch"down`, n. (Football)
Defn: The act of touching the football down behind the opponents' goal . Safety touchdown. See under Safety.
TOUCHHOLE Touch"hole`, n.
Defn: The vent of a cannot or other firearm, by which fire is communicateed to the powder of the charge.
TOUCHILY Touch"i*ly, adv.
Defn: In a touchy manner.
TOUCHINESS Touch"i*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being touchy peevishness; irritability; irascibility.
TOUCHING Touch"ing, a.
Defn: Affecting; moving; pathetic; as, a touching tale. -- Touch"ing*ly, adv.
TOUCHING Touch"ing, prep.
Defn: Concerning; with respect to. Now, as touching things offered unto idols. 1 Cor. viii. 1.
TOUCHING Touch"ing, n.
Defn: The sense or act of feeling; touch.
TOUCH-ME-NOT Touch"-me-not`, n. (Bot.) (a) See Impatiens. (b) Squirting cucumber. See under Cucumber.
TOUCH-NEEDLE Touch"-nee`dle, n. (Metal.)
Defn: A small bar of gold and silver, either pure, or alloyed in some known proportion with copper, for trying the purity of articles of gold or silver by comparison of the streaks made by the article and the bar on a touchstone.
TOUCH-PAPER Touch"-pa`per, n.
Defn: Paper steeped in saltpeter, which burns slowly, and is used as a match for firing gunpowder, and the like.
TOUCHSTONE Touch"stone`, n.
1. (Min.)
Defn: Lydian stone; basanite; -- so called because used to test the purity of gold and silver by the streak which is left upon the stone when it is rubbed by the metal. See Basanite.
2. Fig.:
Defn: Any test or criterion by which the qualities of a thing are tried. Hooker. The foregoing doctrine affords us also a touchstone for the trial of spirits. South. Irish touchstone (Min.), basalt, the stone which composes the Giant's Causeway.
TOUCHWOOD Touch"wood`, n. Etym: [Probably for tachwood; OE. tache tinder (of uncertain origin) + wood.]
1. Wood so decayed as to serve for tinder; spunk, or punk.
2. Dried fungi used as tinder; especially, the Polyporus igniarius.
TOUCHY Touch"y, a. Etym: [For techy, tetchy.]
Defn: Peevish; irritable; irascible; techy; apt to take fire. [Colloq.] It may be said of Dryden that he was at no time touchy about personal attacks. Saintsbury.
TOUGH Tough, a. [Compar. Tougher; superl. Toughest.] Etym: [OE. tough, AS. toh, akin to D. taai, LG. taa, tage, tau, OHG. zahi, G. zähe, and also to AS. getenge near to, close to, oppressive, OS. bitengi.]
1. Having the quality of flexibility without brittleness; yielding to force without breaking; capable of resisting great strain; as, the ligaments of animals are remarkably tough. "Tough roots and stubs. " Milton.
2. Not easily broken; able to endure hardship; firm; strong; as, tough sinews. Cowper. A body made of brass, the crone demands, . . . Tough to the last, and with no toil to tire. Dryden. The basis of his character was caution combined with tough tenacity of purpose. J. A. Symonds.
3. Not easily separated; viscous; clammy; tenacious; as, tough phlegm.
4. Stiff; rigid; not flexible; stubborn; as, a tough bow. So tough a frame she could not bend. Dryden.
5. Severe; violent; as, a tough storm. [Colloq.] " A tough debate. " Fuller. To make it tough, to make it a matter of difficulty; to make it a hard matter. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TOUGH-CAKE Tough"-cake`, n.
Defn: See Tough-pitch (b).
TOUGHEN Tough"en, v. i.&t. [imp. & p. p. Toughened; p. pr. & vb. n. Toughening.]
Defn: To grow or make tough, or tougher.
TOUGH-HEAD Tough"-head`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The ruddy duck. [ Local U.S. ]
TOUGHISH Tough"ish, a.
Defn: Tough in a slight degree.
TOUGHLY Tough"ly, adv.
Defn: In a tough manner.
TOUGHNESS Tough"ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being tough.
TOUGH-PITCH Tough"-pitch`, n. (Metal.) (a) The exact state or quality of texture and consistency of well reduced and refined copper. (b) Copper so reduced; -- called also tough-cake.
TOUITE Tou"ite, n.
Defn: The wood warbler. [Prov. Eng.]
TOUPEE; TOUPET Tou*pee", Tou*pet"(), n. Etym: [F. toupet, dim. of OF. top a tuft; of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. top. See Top apex, and cf. Topet.]
1. A little tuft; a curl or artificial lock of hair.
2. A small wig, or a toppiece of a wig. Her powdered hair is turned backward over a toupee. G. Eliot.
TOUPETTIT Tou"pet*tit, n. Etym: [See Topet, toupee.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The crested titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]
TOUR Tour, n. Etym: [F. tour. See Tower.]
Defn: A tower. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TOUR Tour, n. Etym: [F. tour. See Turn, v. t.]
1. A going round; a circuit; hence, a journey in a circuit; a prolonged circuitous journey; a comprehensive excursion; as, the tour of Europe; the tour of France or England. The bird of Jove stooped from his airy tour. Milton.
2. A turn; a revolution; as, the tours of the heavenly bodies. [Obs.] Blackmore.
3. (Mil.)
Defn: anything done successively, or by regular order; a turn; as, a tour of duty.
Syn. -- Journey; excursion. See Journey.
TOUR Tour, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toured; p. pr. & vb. n. Touring.]
Defn: To make a tourm; as, to tour throught a country. T. Hughes.
TOURACO Tou*ra"co, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Same as Turacou.
TOURBILLION Tour*bil"lion, n. Etym: [F. torbillion a whirlwind, tourbillion, fr. L. turbo, -inis, a whirl, whirlwind.]
Defn: An ornamental firework which turns round, when in the air, so as to form a scroll of fire. G. Francis.
TOURING CAR Tour"ing car.
Defn: An automobile designed for touring; specif., a roomy car, not a limousine, for five or more passengers.
TOURIST Tour"ist, n.
Defn: One who makes a tour, or performs a journey in a circuit.
TOURMALINE Tour"ma*line, n. Etym: [F. tourmaline, cf. It. turmalina, tormalina, NL. turmalina, turmalinus; all fr. tournamal, a name given to this stone in Ceylon.] (Min.)
Defn: A mineral occurring usually in three-sided or six-sided prisms terminated by rhombohedral or scalenohedral planes. Black tourmaline (schorl) is the most common variety, but there are also other varieties, as the blue (indicolite), red (rubellite), also green, brown, and white. The red and green varieties when transparent are valued as jewels. [Written also turmaline .]
Note: Crystals of tourmaline when heated exhibit electric polarity (see Pyroelectric, n.). Tourmaline is also used in the form of a polariscope called tourmaline tongs.
TOURN Tourn, n. Etym: [See Turn]
1. A spinning wheel. [Prov. Eng.]
2. (O.Eng.Law)
Defn: The sheriff's turn, or court.
TOURNAMENT Tour"na*ment, n. Etym: [OE. turnement, tornement, OF. torneiement, tornoiement, F. tournoiement a turning or wheeling round. See Tourney.]
1. A mock fight, or warlike game, formerly in great favor, in which a number of combatants were engaged, as an exhibition of their address and bravery; hence, figuratively, a real battle. "In battle and in tourneyment." Chaucer. With cruel tournament the squadrons join. Milton.
Note: It different from the joust, which was a trial of skill between one man and another.
2. Any contest of skill in which there are many contestents for championship; as, a chess tournament.
TOURNERY Tourn"er*y, n.
Defn: Work turned on a lathe; turnery.[Obs.] See Turnery. Evelyn.
TOURNEY Tour"ney, n. Etym: [OF. tornei, tornoi, F. tournoi, fr. OF. torneier, tornoier, tournoier, to tit, to tourney, F. tournoyer to turn round and round. See Turn, v. t.]
Defn: A tournament. Bacon. At tilt or tourney or like warlike game. Spenser. We hold a tourney here to-morrow morn, And there is scantly time for half the work. Tennyson.
TOURNEY Tour"ney, v. i. Etym: [Cf.OF. torneier. See Tourney, n. ]
Defn: To perform in tournaments; to tilt. Well could he tourney, and in lists debate. Spenser.
TOURNIQUET Tour"ni*quet, n. Etym: [F., fr. tourner to turn.] (Surg.)
Defn: An instrument for arresting hemorrhage. It consists essentially of a pad or compress upon which pressure is made by a band which is tightened by a screw or other means.
TOURNOIS Tour`nois", n. Etym: [F., belonging to Tours in France.]
Defn: A former French money of account worth 20 sous, or a franc. It was thus called in distinction from the Paris livre, which contained 25 sous.
TOURNURE Tour*nure", n. Etym: [F., fr. tourner to turn.]
1. Turn; contour; figure.
2. Any device used by women to expand the skirt of a dress below the waist; a bustle.
TOUSE; TOUZE Touse, Touze, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Toused; p. pr. & vb. n. Tousing.] Etym: [OE. tosen sq. root64. See tease, and cf. Tose, Toze. ]
Defn: To pull; to haul; to tear; to worry. [Prov. Eng.] Shak. As a bear, whom angry curs have touzed. Spenser.
TOUSE Touse, n.
Defn: A pulling; a disturbance. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
TOUSEL Tous"el, v. t.
Defn: Same as Tousle. [Colloq.]
TOUSER Tous"er, n.
Defn: One who touses. [Prov. Eng.]
TOUSLE Tou"sle, v. t. Etym: [Freq. of touse. Cf.Tossle.]
Defn: To put into disorder; to tumble; to touse. [Colloq.]
TOUS-LES-MOIS Tous`-les`-mois", n. Etym: [F., all the months, i.e., every month.]
Defn: A kind of starch with very large, oval, flattened grains, often sold as arrowroot, and extensively used for adulterating cocoa. It is made from the rootstocks of a species of Canna, probably C. edulis, the tubers of which are edible every month in the year.
TOUSY Tou"sy, a. [See Touse, n. & v.]
Defn: Tousled; tangled; rough; shaggy. [Colloq.]
TOUT Tout, v. t. Etym: [See 1st Toot.]
1. To act as a tout. See 2d Tout. [Cant. Eng.]
2. To ply or seek for customers. [Prov. Eng.]
TOUT Tout, n.
Defn: One who secretly watches race horses which are in course of training, to get information about their capabilities, for use in betting. [Cant. Eng.]
TOUT Tout, v. t. Etym: [See 3d Toot. ]
Defn: To toot a horn.
TOUT Tout, n
Defn: The anus. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TOUT-ENSEMBLE Tout`-en`sem"ble, n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: All together; hence, in costume, the fine arts, etc., the general effect of a work as a whole, without regard to the execution of the separate perts.
TOUTER Tout"er, n.
Defn: One who seeks customers, as for an inn, a public conveyance, shops, and the like: hence, an obtrusive candidate for office. [Colloq.] The prey of ring droppers, . . . duffers, touters, or any of those bloodless sharpers who are, perhaps, better known to the police. Dickens.
TOUZE Touze, v.t & i.
Defn: See Touse. [Prov. Eng.]
TOW Tow, n. Etym: [OE. tow, AS. tow, akin to OD. touw, Icel. taw, v.t.]
Defn: The coarse and broken part of flax or hemp, separated from the finer part by the hatchel or swingle.
TOW Tow, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Towed; p. pr. & vb. n. Towing.] Etym: [OE. towen, totoga to pull about, OHG. zogon, Icel. toga, AS. tohline a towline, and AS.teón to draw, p.p. getogen. See Tug]
Defn: To draw or pull through the water, as a vessel of any kind, by means of a rope.
TOW Tow, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel.taug a rope, from the same root as E.tow, v. t.]
1. A rope by which anything is towed; a towline, or towrope.
2. The act of towing, or the state of being towed;-chiefly used in the phrase, to take in tow, that is to tow.
3. That which is towed, or drawn by a towline, as a barge, raft, collection of boats, ect.
TOWAGE Tow"age, n. Etym: [From Tow, v..cf. F. touage.]
1. The act of towing.
2. The price paid for towing.
TOWALL Tow"all, n.
Defn: A towel. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TOWARD; TOWARDS To"ward, To"wards, prep.Etym: [AS. To, and -ward, wards.]
1. In the direction of; to. He set his face toward the wilderness. Num. xxiv. 1. The waves make towards'' the pebbled shore. Shak.
2. With direction to, in a moral sense; with respect or reference to; regarding; concerning. His eye shall be evil toward his brother. Deut. xxviii. 54. Herein do I exercise myself, to have always a conscience void of offense toward God, and toward men. Acts xxiv. 16.
3. Tending to; in the direction of; in behalf of. This was the first alarm England received towards any trouble. Clarendom.
4. Near; about; approaching to. I am toward nine years older since I left you. Swift.
TOWARD; TOWARDS To"ward, To"wards adv.
Defn: Near; at hand; in state of preparation. Do you hear sught, sir, of a battle toward Shak. We have a trifling foolish banquet Towards. Shak.
TOWARD To"ward, a. Etym: [AS. Toward, prep.]
1. Approaching; coming near. "His toward peril." Spenser.
2. Readly to do or learn; compliant with duty; not froward; apt; docile; tractable; as, a toward youth.
3. Ready to act; forward; bold; valiant. Why, that is spoken like a toward prince. Shak.
TOWARDLINESS To"ward*li*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being towardly; docility; tractableness. The beauty and towardliness of these children moved her brethren to envy. Sir W. Raleigh.
TOWARDLY To"ward*ly, a.
Defn: Same as Toward, a., 2. He's towardly and will come on apace. Dryden.
TOWARDNESS To"ward*ness, n.
Defn: Quality or state of being toward.
TOWARDS To"wards (, prep. & adv.
Defn: See Toward.
TOWBOAT Tow"boat`, n.
1. A vessel constructed for being towed, as a canal boat.
2. A steamer used for towing other vessels; a tug.
TOWEL Tow"el, n. Etym: [OE.towaille, towail, F. touaille, LL. toacula, of Teutonic origin; cf. OHG. dwahila, swahilla, G. zwehle, fr. OHG. dwahan to wash; akin to D. dwaal a towel, AS. þweán to wash, OS. thwahan, Icel. þva, Sw. två, Dan. toe, Goth. þwahan. Cf. Doily.]
Defn: A cloth used for wiping, especially one used for drying anything wet, as the person after a bath. Towel gourd (Bot.), the fruit of the cucurbitaceous plant Luffa Ægyptiaca; also, the plant itself. The fruit is very fibrous, and, when separated from its rind and seeds, is used as a sponge or towel. Called also Egyptian bath sponge, and dishcloth.
TOWEL Tow"el, v. t.
Defn: To beat with a stick. [Prov. Eng.]
TOWELING Tow"el*ing, n.
Defn: Cloth for towels, especially such as is woven in long pieces to be cut at will, as distinguished from that woven in towel lengths with borders, etc. [Written also towelling.]
TOWER Tow"er, n. Etym: [OE. tour,tor,tur, F. tour, L. turris; akin to Gr. twr a tower, Ir. tor a castle, Gael. torr a tower, castle. Cf. Tor, Turret.]
1. (Arch.) (a) A mass of building standing alone and insulated, usually higher than its diameter, but when of great size not always of that proportion. (b) A projection from a line of wall, as a fortification, for purposes of defense, as a flanker, either or the same height as the curtain wall or higher. (c) A structure appended to a larger edifice for a special purpose, as for a belfry, and then usually high in proportion to its width and to the height of the rest of the edifice; as, a church tower.
2. A citadel; a fortress; hence, a defense. Thou hast been a shelter for me, and a strong tower from the enemy. Ps. lxi. 3.
3. A headdress of a high or towerlike form, fashionable about the end of the seventeenth century and until 1715; also, any high headdress. Lay trains of amorous intrigues In towers, and curls, and periwigs. Hudibras.
4. High flight; elevation. [Obs.] Johnson. Gay Lussac's tower (Chem.), a large tower or chamber used in the sulphuric acid process, to absorb (by means of concentrated acid) the spent nitrous fumes that they may be returned to the Glover's tower to be reemployed. See Sulphuric acid, under Sulphuric, and Glover's tower, below. -- Glover's tower (Chem.), a large tower or chamber used in the manufacture of sulphuric acid, to condense the crude acid and to deliver concentrated acid charged with nitrous fumes. These fumes, as a catalytic, effect the conversion of sulphurous to sulphuric acid. See Sulphuric acid, under Sulphuric, and Gay Lussac's tower, above. -- Round tower. See under Round, a. -- Shot tower. See under Shot. -- Tower bastion (Fort.), a bastion of masonry, often with chambers beneath, built at an angle of the interior polygon of some works. -- Tower mustard (Bot.), the cruciferous plant Arabis perfoliata. -- Tower of London, a collection of buildings in the eastern part of London, formerly containing a state prison, and now used as an arsenal and repository of various objects of public interest.
TOWER Tow"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. towered; p. pr. & vb. n. towering.]
Defn: To rise and overtop other objects; to be lofty or very high; hence, to soar. On the other side an high rock towered still. Spenser. My lord protector's hawks do tower so well. Shak.
TOWER Tow"er, v. t.
Defn: To soar into. [Obs.] Milton.
TOWERED Tow"ered, a.
Defn: Adorned or defended by towers. Towered cities please us then. Milton.
TOWERING Tow"er*ing, a.
1. Very high; elevated; rising aloft; as, a towering height. Pope.
2. Hence, extreme; violent; surpassing. A man agitated by a towering passion. Sir W. Scott.
TOWERY Tow"er*y, a.
Defn: Having towers; adorned or defended by towers. [R.] "Towery cities." Pope.
TOW-HEAD Tow"-head`, n.
1. An urchin who has soft, whitish hair. [Colloq.]
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The hooded merganser. [ Local, U.S. ]
TOWHEE To*whee", n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The chewink.
TOWILLY To*wil"ly, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The sanderling; -- so called from its cry. [Prov. Eng.]
TOWLINE Tow"line`, n. Etym: [AS. tohline. See Tow, v. t., and Line. ] (Naut.)
Defn: A line used to tow vessels; a towrope.
TOWN Town, n. Etym: [OE. toun, tun, AS. tun inclosure, fence, village, town; akin to D. tuin a garden, G. zaun a hadge, fence, OHG. zun, Icel. tun an inclosure, homestead, house, Ir. & Gael. dun a fortress, W. din. Cf. Down, adv. & prep., Dune, tine to inclose.]
1. Formerly: (a) An inclosure which surrounded the mere homestead or dwelling of the lord of the manor. [Obs.] (b) The whole of the land which constituted the domain. [Obs.] (c) A collection of houses inclosed by fences or walls. [Obs.] Palsgrave.
2. Any number or collection of houses to which belongs a regular market, and which is not a city or the see of a bishop. [Eng.] Johnson.
3. Any collection of houses larger than a village, and not incorporated as a city; also, loosely, any large, closely populated place, whether incorporated or not, in distinction from the country, or from rural communities. God made the country, and man made the town. Cowper.
4. The body of inhabitants resident in a town; as, the town voted to send two representatives to the legislature; the town voted to lay a tax for repairing the highways.
5. A township; the whole territory within certain limits, less than those of a country. [U.S.]
6. The court end of London;-commonly with the.
7. The metropolis or its inhabitants; as, in winter the gentleman lives in town; in summer, in the country. Always hankering after the diversions of the town. Addison. Stunned with his giddy larum half the town. Pope.
Note: The same form of expressions is used in regard to other populous towns.
8. A farm or farmstead; also, a court or farmyard. [Prov. Eng.& Scot.]
Note: Town is often used adjectively or in combination with other words; as, town clerk, or town-clerk; town-crier, or town crier; townhall, town-hall, or town hall; townhouse, town house, or town- house.
Syn. -- Village; hamlet. See Village. Town clerk, an office who keeps the records of a town, and enters its official proceedings. See Clerk. -- Town cress (Bot.), the garden cress, or peppergrass. Dr. Prior. -- Town house. (a) A house in town, in distinction from a house in the country. (b) See Townhouse. -- Town meeting, a legal meeting of the inhabitants of a town entitled to vote, for the transaction of public bisiness. [U.S.] -- Town talk, the common talk of a place; the subject or topic of common conversation.
TOWN-CRIER Town"-cri`er, n.
Defn: A town officer who makes proclamations to the people; the public crier of a town.
TOWNED Towned, a.
Defn: Having towns; containing many towns. [Obs.] Hakluyt.
TOWNHALL Town"hall`, n.
Defn: A public hall or building, belonging to a town, where the public offices are established, the town council meets, the people assemble in town meeting, etc.
TOWNHOUSE Town"house`, n.
Defn: A building devoted to the public used of a town; a townhall.
TOWNISH Town"ish, a
Defn: Of or pertaining to the inhabitants of a town; like the town. [R.] Turbervile.
TOWNLESS Town"less, a.
Defn: Having no town. Howell.
TOWNLET Town"let, n.
Defn: A small town. North Brit. Rev.
TOWNSFOLK Towns"folk`, n.
Defn: The people of a town; especially, the inhabitants of a city, in distinction from country people; townspeople.
TOWNSHIP Town"ship, n.
1. The district or territory of a town.
Note: In the United States, many of the States are divided into townships of five, six, seven, or perhaps ten miles square, and the inhabitants of such townships are invested with certain powers for regulating their own affairs, such as repairing roads and providing for the poor. The township is subordinate to the county.
2. In surveys of the public land of the United States, a division of territory six miles square, containing 36 sections.
3. In Canada, one of the subdivisions of a county.
TOWNSMAN Towns"man, n.; pl. Townsmen (-men).
1. An inhabitant of a town; one of the same town with another. Pope.
2. A selectman, in New England. See Selectman.
TOWNSPEOPLE Towns"peo`ple, n.
Defn: The inhabitants of a town or city, especially in distinction from country people; townsfolk.
TOWNWARD; TOWNWARDS Town"ward, Town"wards,, adv.
Defn: Toward a town. Longfellow.
TOWPATH Tow"path`, n.
Defn: A path traveled by men or animals in towing boats; -- called also towing path.
TOWROPE Tow"rope`, n.
Defn: A rope used in towing vessels.
TOWSER Tow"ser, n. Etym: [See Touse to pull about. ]
Defn: A familiar name for a dog. [ Written also Towzer. ]
TOWY Tow"y, a.
Defn: Composed of, or like, tow.
TOXAEMIA; TOXEMIA Tox*ae"mi*a or Tox*e"mi*a, a. Etym: [NL.,fr.Gr. (Med.)
Defn: Blood poisoning. See under Blood.
TOXALBUMIN Tox`al*bu"min, n. [See Toxic; Albumin.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Defn: Any of a class of toxic substances of protein nature; a toxin.
TOXIC; TOXICAL Tox"ic, Tox"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. toxicum poison, originally, a poison in which arrows were dipped, Gr. Intoxicate.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to poison; poisonous; as, toxic medicines.
TOXICANT Tox"i*cant, n.
Defn: A poisonous agent or drug, as opium; an intoxicant.
TOXICATION Tox`i*ca"tion, n. [L. toxicum a poison: cf. toxicatus smeared with poison.]
Defn: Poisoning.
TOXICITY Tox*ic"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being toxic or poisonous; poisonousness.
TOXICOGENIC Tox`i*co*gen"ic, a. [See Toxic, and -genic.] (Physiol. & Med.)
Defn: Producing toxic products; as, toxicogenic germs or bacteria.
TOXICOLOGICAL Tox`i*co*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf.F. toxicologique. ]
Defn: Of or pertaining to toxicology. -- Tox`i*co*log"ic*al*ly, adv.
TOXICOLOGIST Tox`i*col"o*gist, n.
Defn: One versed in toxicology; the writer of a treatise on poisons.
TOXICOLOGY Tox`i*col"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.toxicologie. See Toxic. ]
Defn: The science which treats of poisons, their effects, antidotes, and recignition; also, a discourse or treatise on the science.
TOXICOMANIA Tox`i*co*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [See. Toxic, and Mania.]
1. (Med.)
Defn: Toxiphobia. A. S. Taylor.
2. (Med.)
Defn: An insane desire for intoxicating or poisonous drugs, as alcohol or opium. B. W. Richardson.
TOXIFERA Tox*if"e*ra, n.pl. Etym: [NL.,fr.Gr.ferre to bear.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Same as Toxoglossa.
TOXIN; TOXINE Tox"in, Tox"ine, n. Etym: [Gr.Toxic. ]
Defn: A poisonous product formed by pathogenic bacteria, as a toxic proteid or poisonous ptomaine.
TOXIPHOBIA Tox`i*pho"bi*a, n. Etym: [NL.,fr.Gr. (Med.)
Defn: An insane or greatly exaggerated dread of poisons.
TOXODON Tox"o*don, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)
Defn: A gigantic extinct herbivorous mammal from South America, having teeth bent like a bow. It is the type of the order Toxodonta.
TOXODONTA Tox`o*don"ta, n.pl. Etym: [NL.] (Paleon.)
Defn: An extinct order of Mammalia found in the South American Tertiary formation. The incisor teeth were long and curved and provided with a persistent pulp. They are supposed to be related both to the rodents and ungulates. Called also Toxodontia.
TOXOGLOSSA Tox`o*glos"sa, n.pl. Etym: [NL.,fr.Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A division of marine gastropod mollusks in which the radula are converted into poison fangs. The cone shells (Conus), Pleurotoma, and Terebra, are examples. See Illust. of Cone, n., 4, Pleurotoma, and Terebra.
TOXOID Tox"oid, n. [Toxin + -oid.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Defn: An altered form of a toxin, possessing little or no toxic power.
TOXOPHILITE Tox*oph"i*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. to`xon a bow + filei^n to love.]
Defn: A lover of archery; one devoted to archery.
TOXOTES Tox"o*tes, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of fishes comprising the archer fishes. See Archer fish.
TOY Toy, n. Etym: [D. tuid tools, implements, stuff, trash, speeltuig playthings, toys; akin to G. zeug stuff, materials, MNG. zuic, Icel. tygi gear; all ultimately from the root of E. tug, v.t.; cf.G. zeugen to beget, MHG.ziugen to beget, make ready, procure. See Tug, v. t.]
1. A plaything for children; a bawble. Cowper.
2. A thing for amusement, but of no real value; an article of trade of little value; a trifle. They exchange for knives, glasses, and such toys, great abundance of gold and pearl. Abr. Abbot.
3. A wild fancy; an odd conceit; idle sport; folly; trifling opinion. To fly about playing their wanton toys. Spenser. What if a toy take'em in the heels now, and they all run away. Beau. &Fl. Nor light and idle toys my lines may vainly swell. Drayton.
4. Amorous dalliance; play; sport; pastime. Milton. To dally thus with death is no fit toy. Spenser.
5. An old story; a silly tale. Shak.
6. Etym: [Probably the same word.]
Defn: A headdress of linen or woolen, that hangs down over the shoulders, worn by old women of the lower classes; -- called also toy mutch. [Scot.] "Having, moreover, put on her clean toy, rokelay, and scarlet plaid." Sir W. Scott.
TOY Toy, v. i. [imp. & p. p. toyed; p. pr. & vb. n. toying.]
Defn: To dally amorously; to trifle; to play. To toy, to wanton, dally, smile and jest. Shak.
TOY Toy, v. t.
Defn: To treat foolishly. [Obs.] E. Dering (1576).
TOYEAR To*year, adv. Etym: [To, prep. + year. ]
Defn: This year. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TOYER Toy"er, n.
Defn: One who toys; one who is full of trifling tricks; a trifler.
TOYFUL Toy"ful, a.
Defn: Full of trifling play. [Obs.] Donne.
TOYHOUSE Toy"house`, n.
Defn: A house for children to play in or to play with; a playhouse.
TOYINGLY Toy"ing*ly, adv.
Defn: In a toying manner.
TOYISH Toy"ish, a
1. Sportive; trifling; wanton.
2. Resembling a toy. --Toy"ish*ly, dv.-Toy"ish*ness, n.
TOYMAN Toy"man, n.
Defn: One who deals toys.
TOYSHOP Toy"shop`, n.
Defn: A shop where toys are sold.
TOYSOME Toy"some, a.
Defn: Disposed to toy; trifling; wanton. [R.] Ford.
TOZE Toze, v. t.
Defn: To pull violently; to touse. [Obs.]
TOZY To"zy, a. Etym: [See Toze ]
Defn: Soft, like wool that has been teased. -- To"zi*ness, n.
TRABEA Tra"be*a, n.; pl. Trabeæ. Etym: [L.] (Rom. Antiq.)
Defn: A toga of purple, or ornamented with purple horizontal stripes. -- worn by kings, consuls, and augurs. Dr. W. Smith.
TRABEATED Tra"be*a`ted, a. (Arch.)
Defn: Furnished with an entablature.
TRABEATION Tra`be*a"tion, n. Etym: [L.trabs, trabis, a beam, a timber.] (Arch.)
Defn: Same as Entablature.
TRABECULA Tra*bec"u*la, n.; pl. Trabeculæ (-le). Etym: [L., a little beam.] (Anat.)
Defn: A small bar, rod, bundle of fibers, or septal membrane, in the framework of an organ part.
TRABECULAR Tra*bec"u*lar, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to a trabecula or trabeculæ; composed of trabeculæ.
TRABECULATE Tra*bec"u*late, a. (Bot.)
Defn: Crossbarred, as the ducts in a banana stem.
TRABU Tra"bu, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Same as Trubu.
TRACE Trace, n. Etym: [F.trais. pl. of trait. See Trait.]
Defn: One of two straps, chains, or ropes of a harness, extending from the collar or breastplate to a whiffletree attached to a vehicle or thing to be drawn; a tug.
TRACE Trace, n. Etym: [F. trace. See Trace, v. t. ]
1. A mark left by anything passing; a track; a path; a course; a footprint; a vestige; as, the trace of a carriage or sled; the trace of a deer; a sinuous trace. Milton.
2. (Chem.&Min.)
Defn: A very small quantity of an element or compound in a given substance, especially when so small that the amount is not quantitatively determined in an analysis;-hence, in stating an analysis, often contracted to tr.
3. A mark, impression, or visible appearance of anything left when the thing itself no longer exists; remains; token; vestige. The shady empire shall retain no trace Of war or blood, but in the sylvan chase. Pope.
4. (Descriptive Geom.&Persp.)
Defn: The intersection of a plane of projection, or an original plane, with a coordinate plane.
5. (Fort.)
Defn: The ground plan of a work or works. Syn.-Vestige; mark; token. See Vestige.
TRACE Trace, v. t. [imp. & p. p. traced; p. pr. & vb. n. tracing.] Etym: [OF. tracier, F. tracer, from (assumed) LL. tractiare, fr.L. tractus, p. p. of trahere to draw. Cf. Abstract, Attract, Contract, Portratt, Tract, Trail, Train, Treat. ]
1. To mark out; to draw or delineate with marks; especially, to copy, as a drawing or engraving, by following the lines and marking them on a sheet superimposed, through which they appear; as, to trace a figure or an outline; a traced drawing. Some faintly traced features or outline of the mother and the child, slowly lading into the twilight of the woods. Hawthorne.
2. To follow by some mark that has been left by a person or thing which has preceded; to follow by footsteps, tracks, or tokens. Cowper. You may trace the deluge quite round the globe. T. Burnet. I feel thy power . . . to trace the ways Of highest agents. Milton.
3. Hence, to follow the trace or track of. How all the way the prince on footpace traced. Spenser.
4. To copy; to imitate. That servile path thou nobly dost decline, Of tracing word, and line by line. Denham.
5. To walk over; to pass through; to traverse. We do tracethis alley up and down. Shak.
TRACE Trace, v. i.
Defn: To walk; to go; to travel. [Obs.] Not wont on foot with heavy arms to trace. Spenser.
TRACEABLE Trace"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being traced. -- Trace"a*ble*ness, n. -- Trace"a/bly, adv.
TRACER Tra"cer, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, traces.
TRACERY Tra"cery, n.; pl. Traceries ( (Arch.)
Defn: Ornamental work with rambled lines. Especially: -- (a) The decorative head of a Gothic window.
Note: Window tracery is of two sorts, plate tracery and bar tracery. Plate tracery, common in Italy, consists of a series of ornamental patterns cut through a flat plate of stone. Bar tracery is a decorative pattern formed by the curves and intersections of the molded bars of the mullions. Window tracery is imitated in many decorative objects, as panels of wood or metal either pierced or in relief. See also Stump tracery under Stump, and Fan tracery under Fan. (b) A similar decoration in some styles of vaulting, the ribs of the vault giving off the minor bars of which the tracery is composed.
TRACHEA Tra"che*a, n.; pl. Tracheæ. Etym: [NL.,from L. trachia, Gr. trachei^a (sc. trachée.]
1. (Anat.)
Defn: The windpipe. See Illust. of Lung.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the respiratory tubes of insects and arachnids.
3. (Bot.)
Defn: One of the large cells in woody tissue which have spiral, annular, or other markings, and are connected longitudinally so as to form continuous ducts.
TRACHEAL Tra"che*al, a. Etym: [Cf.F.tracheal.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to the trachea; like a trachea.
TRACHEARIA Tra`che*a"ri*a, n.pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A division of Arachnida including those that breathe only by means of tracheæ. It includes the mites, ticks, false scorpions, and harvestmen.
TRACHEARY Tra"che*a*ry, a.
Defn: Tracheal; breathing by means of tracheæ. -- n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the Trachearia.
TRACHEATA Tra`che*a"ta, n.pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: An extensive division of arthropods comprising all those which breathe by tracheæ, as distinguished from Crustacea, which breathe by means of branchiæ.
TRACHEATE Tra"che*ate, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Breathing by means of tracheæ; of or pertaining to the Tracheata.
TRACHEATE Tra"che*ate, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any arthropod having tracheæ; one of the Tracheata.
TRACHEID Tra"che*id, n. (Bot.)
Defn: A wood cell with spiral or other markings and closed throughout, as in pine wood.
TRACHEITIS Tra`che*i"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Trachea, and -itis.] (Med.)
Defn: Inflammation of the trachea, or windpipe.
TRACHELIDAN Tra*chel"i*dan, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of a tribe of beetles (Trachelides) which have the head supported on a pedicel. The oil beetles and the Cantharides are examples.
TRACHELIPOD Tra*chel"i*pod, n. Etym: [Gr.-pod:cf.F. trachelipode.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the Trachelipoda.
TRACHELIPODA Tra`che*lip"o*da, n.pl. Etym: [NL. See Trachelipod.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: An extensive artificial group of gastropods comprising all those which have a spiral shell and the foot attached to the base of the neck.
TRACHELIPODOUS Tra`che*lip"o*dous, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having the foot united with the neck; of or pertainingto the Trachelipoda.
TRACHELOBRANCHIATE Tra`che*lo*bran"chi*ate, a. Etym: [Gr.tranchiate.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having the gills situated upon the neck; -- said of certain mollusks.
TRACHELORRHAPHY Tra`che*lor"rha*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)
Defn: The operation of sewing up a laceration of the neck of the uterus.
TRACHENCHYMA Tra*chen"chy*ma, n. Etym: [NL.,fr. trachea + -enchyma as in E.parenchyma.] (Bot.)
Defn: A vegetable tissue consisting of tracheæ.
TRACHEOBRANCHIA Tra`che*o*bran"chi*a, n.; pl. Tracheobranchlae. Etym: [NL. See Trachea, and Branchia.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the gill-like breathing organs of certain aquatic insect larvæ. They contain tracheal tubes somewhat similar to those of other insects.
TRACHEOBRONCHIAL Tra`che*o*bron"chi*al, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Pertaining both to the tracheal and bronchial tubes, or to their junction; -- said of the syrinx of certain birds.
TRACHEOCELE Tra"che*o*cele, n. Etym: [Gr. tracheocele. ] (Med.) (a) Goiter. (b) A tumor containing air and communicating with the trachea. Morell Mackenzie.
TRACHEOPHONAE Tra`che*oph"o*næ (, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from trachea + Gr. fonei^n to sound.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A group of passerine birds having the syrinx at the lower end of the trachea.
TRACHEOSCOPY Tra`che*os"co*py, n. Etym: [Trachea + -scopy.] (Med.)
Defn: Examination of the interior of the trachea by means of a mirror.
TRACHEOTOMY Tra`che*ot"o*my, n. Etym: [Trachea + Gr. tracheotomie.] (Surg.)
Defn: The operation of making an opening into the windpipe.
TRACHINOID Tra"chi*noid, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or like, Trachinus, a genus of fishes which includes the weevers. See Weever.
TRACHITIS Tra*chi"tis, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)
Defn: Tracheitis.
TRACHOMA Tra*cho"ma, n. [NL., fr. Gr. roughness, fr. rough.] (Med.)
Defn: Granular conjunctivitis due to a specific micrococcus. -- Tra*chom"a*tous (#), a.
TRACHYCARPOUS Tra`chy*car"pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: Rough-fruited. Gray.
TRACHYMEDUSAE Tra`chy*me*du"sæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr.Gr. medusa.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A division of acalephs in which the development is direct from the eggs, without a hydroid stage. Some of the species are parasitic on other medusæ.
TRACHYSPERMOUS Tra`chy*sper"mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: Rough-seeded. Gray.
TRACHYSTOMATA Tra`chy*stom"a*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.,fr.Gr. stoma.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: An order of tailed aquatic amphibians, including Siren and Pseudobranchus. They have anterior legs only, are eel-like in form, and have no teeth except a small patch on the palate. The external gills are persistent through life.
TRACHYTE Tra"chyte, n. Etym: [Gr. trachyte.] (Geol.)
Defn: An igneous rock,usually light gray in color and breaking with a rough surface. It consists chiefly of orthoclase feldspar with sometimes hornblende and mica.
TRACHYTIC Tra*chyt"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. trachytique.]
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, trachyte.
TRACHYTOID Trach"y*toid, a. Etym: [Trachyte + -oid.] (Min.)
Defn: Resembling trachyte; -- used to define the structure of certain rocks.
TRACING Tra"cing, n.
1. The act of one who traces; especially, the act of copying by marking on thin paper, or other transparent substance, the lines of a pattern placed beneath; also, the copy thus producted.
2. A regular path or track; a course. Tracing cloth, Tracing paper, specially prepared transparent cloth or paper, which enables a drawing or print to be clearly seen through it, and so allows the use of a pen or pencil to produce a facsimile by following the lines of the original placed beneath.
TRACK Track, n. Etym: [OF.trac track of horses, mules, trace of animals; of Teutonic origin; cf.D.trek a drawing, trekken to draw, travel, march, MHG. trechen, pret. trach. Cf. Trick.]
1. A mark left by something that has passed along; as, the track, or wake, of a ship; the track of a meteor; the track of a sled or a wheel. The bright track of his fiery car. Shak.
2. A mark or impression left by the foot, either of man or beast; trace; vestige; footprint. Far from track of men. Milton.
3. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The entire lower surface of the foot;-said of birds, ect.
4. A road; a beaten path. Behold Torquatus the same track pursue. Dryden.
5. Course; way; as, the track of a comet.
6. A path or course laid out for a race, for exercise, ect.
7. (Raolroad)
Defn: The permanent way; the rails.
8. Etym: [Perhaps a mistake for tract.]
Defn: A tract or area, as of land. [Obs.] "Small tracks of ground." Fuller. Track scale, a railway scale. See under Railway.
TRACK Track, v. t. [imp. & p. p. tracked; p. pr. & vb. n. tracking.]
Defn: To follow the tracks or traces of; to pursue by following the marks of the feet; to trace; to trail; as, to track a deer in the snow. It was often found impossible to track the robbers to their retreats among the hills and morasses. Macaulay.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: To draw along continuously, as a vessel, by a line, men or animals on shore being the motive power; to tow.
TRACKAGE Track"age, n.
Defn: The act of tracking, or towing, as a boat; towage.
TRACKER Track"er, n.
1. One who, or that which, tracks or pursues, as a man or dog that follows game. And of the trackers of the deer Scarce half the lessening pack was near. Sir W. Scott.
2. (Mus.)
Defn: In the organ, a light strip of wood connecting (in path) a key and a pallet, to communicate motion by pulling.
TRACKLAYER Track"lay`er, n. (Railroads)
Defn: Any workman engaged in work involved in putting the track in place. [U. S. & Canada] -- Track"lay`ing, n.
TRACKLESS Track"less, a.
Defn: Having no track; marked by no footsteps; untrodden; as, a trackless desert. To climb the trackless mountain all unseen. Byron. -- Track"less*ly, adv.-Track"less*ness, n.
TRACKMAN Track"man, n.; pl. -men. (Railroads)
Defn: One employed on work on the track; specif., a trackwalker.
TRACKMASTER; ROADMASTER Track"mas`ter, Road"mas`ter, n. (Railroad)
Defn: One who has charge of the track; --called also roadmaster.
TRACK-ROAD Track"-road`, n.
Defn: A towing path.
TRACKSCOUT Track"scout, n.
Defn: See Trackschuyt.
TRACKWALKER Track"walk`er, n. (Railroads)
Defn: A person employed to walk over and inspect a section of tracks.
TRACKWAY Track"way`, n.
Defn: Any of two or more narrow paths, of steel, smooth stone, or the like, laid in a public roadway otherwise formed of an inferior pavement, as cobblestones, to provide an easy way for wheels.
TRACT Tract, n. Etym: [Abbrev.fr. tractate.]
Defn: A written discourse or dissertation, generally of short extent; a short treatise, especially on practical religion. The church clergy at that writ the best collection of tracts against popery that ever appeared. Swift. Tracts for the Times. See Tractarian.
TRACT Tract, n. Etym: [L. tractus a drawing, train, track, course, tract of land, from trahere tractum, to draw. Senses 4 and 5 are perhaps due to confusion with track. See Trace,v., and cf. Tratt.]
1. Something drawn out or extended; expanse. "The deep tract of hell." Milton.
2. A region or quantity of land or water, of indefinite extent; an area; as, an unexplored tract of sea. A very high mountain joined to the mainland by a narrowtract of earth. Addison.
3. Traits; features; lineaments. [Obs.] The discovery of a man's self by the tracts of his countenance is a great weakness. Bacon.
4. The footprint of a wild beast. [Obs.] Dryden.
5. Track; trace. [Obs.] Efface all tract of its traduction. Sir T. Browne. But flies an eagle flight, bold, and forthon, Leaving no tract behind. Shak.
6. Treatment; exposition. [Obs.] Shak.
7. Continuity or extension of anything; as, the tract of speech. [Obs.] Older.
8. Continued or protracted duration; length; extent. "Improved by tract of time." Milton.
9. (R. C. Ch.)
Defn: Verses of Scripture sung at Mass, instead of the Alleluia, from Septuagesima Sunday till the Saturday befor Easter;-so called because sung tractim,or without a break, by one voice, instead of by many as in the antiphons.
Syn. -- Region; district; quarter; essay; treatise; dissertation.
TRACT Tract, v. t.
Defn: To trace out; to track; also, to draw out; to protact. [Obs.] Spenser. B. Jonson.
TRACTABILITY Tract`a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. tractabilitas: cf.F. tractabilite.]
Defn: The quality or state of being tractable or docile; docility; tractableness.
TRACTABLE Tract"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. tractabilis, fr, tractare to draw violently, to handle, treat. See Treat, v. t.]
1. Capable of being easily led, taught, or managed; docile; manageable; governable; as, tractable children; a tractable learner. I shall find them tractable enough. Shak.
2. Capable of being handled; palpable; practicable; feasible; as, tractable measures. [Obs.] Holder. --Tract"a*ble*ness, n. -- Tract"a/bly, adv.
TRACTARIAN Trac*ta"ri*an, n. (Ch. of England)
Defn: One of the writers of the Oxford tracts, called "Tracts for the Times," issued during the period 1833-1841, in which series of papers the sacramental system and authority of the Church, and the value of tradition, were brought into prominence. Also, a member of the High Church party, holding generally the principles of the Tractarian writers; a Puseyite.
TRACTARIAN Trac*ta"ri*an, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Tractarians, or their principles.
TRACTARIANISM Trac*ta"ri*an*ism, n. (Ch. of England)
Defn: The principles of the Tractarians, or of those persons accepting the teachings of the "Tracts for the Times."
TRACTATE Tract"ate, n. Etym: [L. tractatus a touching, handling, treatise. See Tractable, and Tract a treatise, Treaty.]
Defn: A treatise; a tract; an essay. Agreeing in substance with Augustin's, from whose fourteenth Tractate on St. John the words are translated. Hare.
TRACTATION Trac*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. tractatio.]
Defn: Treatment or handling of a subject; discussion. [Obs.] A full tractation of the points controverted. Bp. Hall.
TRACTATOR Trac*ta"tor, n. Etym: [L., a handler.]
Defn: One who writes tracts; specif., a Tractarian. [R.] C. Kingsley.
TRACTILE Tract"ile, a. Etym: [L. trahere, tractum, to draw.]
Defn: Capable of being drawn out in length; ductile. Bacon.
TRACTILITY Trac*til"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality of being tractile; ductility. Derham.
TRACTION Trac"tion, n. Etym: [L. trahere, tractum, to draw: cf. F. traction.]
1. The act of drawing, or the state of being drawn; as, the traction of a muscle.
2. Specifically, the act of drawing a body along a plane by motive power, as the drawing of a carriage by men or horses, the towing of a boat by a tug.
3. Attraction; a drawing toward. [R.]
4. The adhesive friction of a wheel on a rail, a rope on a pulley, or the like. Knight. Angle of traction (Mech.), the angle made with a given plane by the line of direction in which a tractive force acts. -- Traction engine, a locomotive for drawing vehicles on highways or in the fields.
TRACTIONAL Trac"tion*al, a.
Defn: Of or relating to traction.
TRACTION WHEEL Traction wheel. (Mach.) (a) A locomotive driving wheel which acts by friction adhesion to a smooth track. (b) A smooth-rimmed friction wheel for giving motion to an endless link belt or the like.
TRACTITE Tract"ite, n.
Defn: A Tractarian.
TRACTITIOUS Trac*ti"tious, a. Etym: [See Tractate.]
Defn: Treating of; handling. [R.]
TRACTIVE Tract"ive, a.
Defn: Serving to draw; pulling; attracting; as, tractive power.
TRACTOR Tract"or, n. Etym: [NL., from L. trahere, tractum, to draw.]
1. That which draws, or is used for drawing.
2. pl. (Med.)
Defn: Two small, pointed rods of metal, formerly used in the treatment called Perkinism.
TRACTORATION Trac`to*ra"tion, n.
Defn: See Perkinism.
TRACTOR SCREW; TRACTOR PROPELLER Tractor screw or propeller. (Aviation)
Defn: A propeller screw placed in front of the supporting planes of an aëroplane instead of behind them, so that it exerts a pull instead of a push. Hence, Tractor monoplane, Tractor biplane, etc.
TRACTORY Tract"o*ry, n. Etym: [L. tractorius of drawing, fr. trahere, tractum, to draw.] (Geom.)
Defn: A tractrix.
TRACTRIX Tract"rix, n. Etym: [NL. See Tractor.] (Geom.)
Defn: A curve such that the part of the tangent between the point of tangency and a given straight line is constant; -- so called because it was conceived as described by the motion of one end of a tangent line as the other end was drawn along the given line.
TRAD Trad, obs.
Defn: imp. of Tread. Chaucer.
TRADE Trade, n. Etym: [Formerly, a path, OE. tred a footmark. See Tread, n. & v.]
1. A track; a trail; a way; a path; also, passage; travel; resort. [Obs.] A postern with a blind wicket there was, A common trade to pass through Priam's house. Surrey. Hath tracted forth some salvage beastes trade. Spenser. Or, I'll be buried in the king's highway, Some way of common trade, where subjects' feet May hourly trample on their sovereign's head. Shak.
2. Course; custom; practice; occupation; employment. [Obs.] "The right trade of religion." Udall. There those five sisters had continual trade. Spenser. Long did I love this lady, Long was my travel, long my trade to win her. Massinger. Thy sin's not accidental but a trade. Shak.
3. Business of any kind; matter of mutual consideration; affair; dealing. [Obs.] Have you any further trade with us Shak.
4. Specifically: The act or business of exchanging commodities by barter, or by buying and selling for money; commerce; traffic; barter.
Note: Trade comprehends every species of exchange or dealing, either in the produce of land, in manufactures, in bills, or in money; but it is chiefly used to denote the barter or purchase and sale of goods, wares, and merchandise, either by wholesale or retail. Trade is either foreign or domestic. Foreign trade consists in the exportation and importation of goods, or the exchange of the commodities of different countries. Domestic, or home, trade is the exchange, or buying and selling, of goods within a country. Trade is also by the wholesale, that is, by the package or in large quantities, generally to be sold again, or it is by retail, or in small parcels. The carrying trade is the business of transporting commodities from one country to another, or between places in the same country, by land or water.
5. The business which a person has learned, and which he engages in, for procuring subsistence, or for profit; occupation; especially, mechanical employment as distinguished from the liberal arts, the learned professions, and agriculture; as, we speak of the trade of a smith, of a carpenter, or mason, but not now of the trade of a farmer, or a lawyer, or a physician. Accursed usury was all his trade. Spenser. The homely, slighted, shepherd's trade. Milton. I will instruct thee in my trade. Shak.
6. Instruments of any occupation. [Obs.] The house and household goods, his trade of war. Dryden.
7. A company of men engaged in the same occupation; thus, booksellers and publishers speak of the customs of the trade, and are collectively designated as the trade.
8. pl.
Defn: The trade winds.
9. Refuse or rubbish from a mine. [Prov. Eng.]
Syn. -- Profession; occupation; office; calling; avocation; employment; commerce; dealing; traffic. Board of trade. See under Board. -- Trade dollar. See under Dollar. -- Trade price, the price at which goods are sold to members of the same trade, or by wholesale dealers to retailers. Trade sale, an auction by and for the trade, especially that of the booksellers. -- Trade wind, a wind in the torrid zone, and often a little beyond at, which blows from the same quarter throughout the year, except when affected by local causes; -- so called because of its usefulness to navigators, and hence to trade.
Note: The general direction of the trade winds is from N. E. to S. W. on the north side of the equator, and from S. E. to N. W. on the south side of the equator. They are produced by the joint effect of the rotation of the earth and the movement of the air from the polar toward the equatorial regions, to supply the vacancy caused by heating, rarefaction, and consequent ascent of the air in the latter regions. The trade winds are principally limited to two belts in the tropical regions, one on each side of the equator, and separated by a belt which is characterized by calms or variable weather.
TRADE Trade, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Traded; p. pr. & vb. n. Trading.]
1. To barter, or to buy and sell; to be engaged in the exchange, purchase, or sale of goods, wares, merchandise, or anything else; to traffic; to bargain; to carry on commerce as a business. A free port, where nations . . . resorted with their goods and traded. Arbuthnot.
2. To buy and sell or exchange property in a single instance.
3. To have dealings; to be concerned or associated; -- usually followed by with. How did you dare to trade and traffic with Macbeth Shak.
TRADE Trade, v. t.
Defn: To sell or exchange in commerce; to barter. They traded the persons of men. Ezek. xxvii. 13. To dicker and to swop, to trade rifles and watches. Cooper.
TRADE Trade, obs.
Defn: imp. of Tread.
TRADED Trad"ed, a.
Defn: Professional; practiced. [Obs.] Shak.
TRADEFUL Trade"ful, a.
Defn: Full of trade; busy in traffic; commercial. Spenser.
TRADELESS Trade"less, a.
Defn: Having no trade or traffic. Young.
TRADE-MARK Trade"-mark`, n.
Defn: A peculiar distinguishing mark or device affixed by a manufacturer or a merchant to his goods, the exclusive right of using which is recognized by law.
TRADE NAME Trade name.
1. (a) The name by which an article is called among traders, etc.; as, tin spirits is a common trade name in the dyeing industry for various solutions of tin salts. (b) An invented or arbitrary adopted name given by a manufacturer or merchant to an article to distinguish it as produced or sold by him.
2. The name or style under which a concern or firm does business. This name becomes a part of the good will of a business; it is not protected by the registration acts, but a qualified common-law protection against its misuse exists, analogous to that existing in the case of trade-marks.
TRADER Trad"er, n.
1. One engaged in trade or commerce; one who makes a business of buying and selling or of barter; a merchant; a trafficker; as, a trader to the East Indies; a country trader.
2. A vessel engaged in the coasting or foreign trade.
TRADESCANTIA Trad`es*can"ti*a, n. (Bot.)
Defn: A genus including spiderwort and Wandering Jew.
TRADESFOLK Trades"folk`, n.
Defn: People employed in trade; tradesmen. [R.] Swift.
TRADESMAN Trades"man, n.; pl. Tradesmen (.
1. One who trades; a shopkeeper.
2. A mechanic or artificer; esp., one whose livelihood depends upon the labor of his hands. [U.S.] Burrill.
TRADESPEOPLE Trades"peo`ple, n.
Defn: People engaged in trade; shopkeepers.
TRADES UNION; TRADE UNION trades" un`ion, or Trade" un`ion.
Defn: An organized combination among workmen for the purpose of maintaining their rights, privileges, and interests with respect to wages, hours of labor, customs, etc.
TRADES-UNIONIST; TRADE-UNIONIST Trades"-un`ion*ist, or Trade"-un`ion*ist, n.
Defn: A member of a trades union, or a supporter of trades unions.
TRADESWOMAN Trades"wom`an, n.; pl. Tradeswomen (.
Defn: A woman who trades, or is skilled in trade.
TRADING Trad"ing, a.
1. Carrying on trade or commerce; engaged in trade; as, a trading company.
2. Frequented by traders. [R.] "They on the trading flood." Milton.
3. Venal; corrupt; jobbing; as, a trading politician.
TRADITION Tra*di"tion, n. Etym: [OE. tradicioun, L. traditio, from tradere to give up, transmit. See Treason, Traitor.]
1. The act of delivering into the hands of another; delivery. "A deed takes effect only from the tradition or delivery." Blackstone.
2. The unwritten or oral delivery of information, opinions, doctrines, practices, rites, and customs, from father to son, or from ancestors to posterity; the transmission of any knowledge, opinions, or practice, from forefathers to descendants by oral communication, without written memorials.
3. Hence, that which is transmitted orally from father to son, or from ancestors to posterity; knowledge or belief transmitted without the aid of written memorials; custom or practice long observed. Will you mock at an ancient tradition begun upon an honorable respect Shak. Naught but tradition remains of the beautiful village of Grand-Pré. Longfellow.
4. (Theol.) (a) An unwritten code of law represented to have been given by God to Moses on Sinai. Making the word of God of none effect through your tradition, which ye have delivered. Mark vii. 13.
(b) That body of doctrine and discipline, or any article thereof, supposed to have been put forth by Christ or his apostles, and not committed to writing. Stand fast, and hold the traditions which ye have been taught, whether by word or our epistle. 2 Thess. ii. 15. Tradition Sunday (Eccl.), Palm Sunday; -- so called because the creed was then taught to candidates for baptism at Easter.
TRADITION Tra*di"tion, v. t.
Defn: To transmit by way of tradition; to hand down. [Obs.] The following story is . . . traditioned with very much credit amongst our English Catholics. Fuller.
TRADITIONAL Tra*di"tion*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. traditionnel, LL. traditionalis.]
1. Of or pertaining to tradition; derived from tradition; communicated from ancestors to descendants by word only; transmitted from age to age without writing; as, traditional opinions; traditional customs; traditional expositions of the Scriptures.
2. Observant of tradition; attached to old customs; old-fashioned. [R.] Shak.
TRADITIONALISM Tra*di"tion*al*ism, n.
Defn: A system of faith founded on tradition; esp., the doctrine that all religious faith is to be based solely upon what is delivered from competent authority, exclusive of rational processes.
TRADITIONALIST Tra*di"tion*al*ist, n.
Defn: An advocate of, or believer in, traditionalism; a traditionist.
TRADITIONALLY Tra*di"tion*al*ly, adv.
Defn: In a traditional manner.
TRADITIONARILY Tra*di"tion*a*ri*ly, adv.
Defn: By tradition.
TRADITIONARY Tra*di"tion*a*ry, a.
Defn: Traditional. The reveries of the Talmud, a collection of Jewish traditionary interpolations. Buckminster.
TRADITIONARY Tra*di"tion*a*ry, n.; pl. Traditionaries (. Etym: [Cf. F. traditionnare.]
Defn: One, among the Jews, who acknowledges the authority of traditions, and explains the Scriptures by them.
TRADITIONER; TRADITIONIST Tra*di"tion*er, Tra*di"tion*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. traditionniste.]
Defn: One who adheres to tradition.
TRADITIVE Trad"i*tive, a. Etym: [L. tradere, traditum, to transmit, give up: cf. F. traditif.]
Defn: Transmitted or transmissible from father to son, or from age, by oral communication; traditional. [R.] Jer. Taylor. Suppose we on things traditive divide. Dryden.
TRADITOR Trad"i*tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. tradere, traditum. See Traitor.] (Eccl. Hist.)
Defn: A deliverer; -- a name of infamy given to Christians who delivered the Scriptures, or the goods of the church, to their persecutors to save their lives. Milner.
TRADUCE Tra*duce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Traduced; p. pr. & vb. n. Traducing.] Etym: [L. traducere, traductum, to lead across, lead along, exhibit as a spectacle, disgrace, transfer, derive; trans across, over + ducere to lead: cf. F. traduire to transfer, translate, arraign, fr. L. traducere. See Duke.]
1. To transfer; to transmit; to hand down; as, to traduce mental qualities to one's descendants. [Obs.] Glanvill.
2. To translate from one language to another; as, to traduce and compose works. [Obs.] Golden Boke.
3. To increase or distribute by propagation. [Obs.] From these only the race of perfect animals were propagated and traduced over the earth. Sir M. Hale.
4. To draw away; to seduce. [Obs.] I can forget the weakness Of the traduced soldiers. Beau. & Fl.
5. To represent; to exhibit; to display; to expose; to make an example of. [Obs.] Bacon.
6. To expose to contempt or shame; to represent as blamable; to calumniate; to vilify; to defame. The best stratagem that Satan hath . . . is by traducing the form and manner of them [prayers], to bring them into contempt. Hooker. He had the baseness . . . to traduce me in libel. Dryden.
Syn. -- To calumniate; vilify; defame; disparage; detract; depreciate; decry; slander.
TRADUCEMENT Tra*duce"ment, n.
Defn: The act of traducing; misrepresentation; ill-founded censure; defamation; calumny. [R.] Shak.
TRADUCENT Tra*du"cent, a. Etym: [L. traducens, p. pr. of traducere. See Traduce.]
Defn: Slanderous. [R.] Entick.
TRADUCER Tra*du"cer, n.
1. One who traduces; a slanderer; a calumniator. Bp. Hall.
2. One who derives or deduces. [Obs.] Fuller.
TRADUCIAN Tra*du"cian, n.
Defn: A believer in traducianism.
TRADUCIANISM Tra*du"cian*ism, n. (Theol.)
Defn: The doctrine that human souls are produced by the act of generation; -- opposed to creationism, and infusionism.
TRADUCIBLE Tra*du"ci*ble, a.
1. Capable of being derived or propagated. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.
2. Capable of being traduced or calumniated. [R.]
TRADUCINGLY Tra*du"cing*ly, adv.
Defn: In a traducing manner; by traduction; slanderously.
TRADUCT Tra*duct", v. t. Etym: [L. traducere, traductum. See Traduce.]
Defn: To derive or deduce; also, to transmit; to transfer. [Obs.] Fotherby.
TRADUCT Tra*duct", n.
Defn: That which is traducted; that which is transferred; a translation. [Obs.] Howell.
TRADUCTION Tra*duc"tion, n. Etym: [L. traductio a transferring: cf. F. traduction translation. See Traduce.]
1. Transmission from one to another. [Obs.] Traditional communication and traduction of truths. Sir M. Hale.
2. Translation from one language to another. [Obs.]
3. Derivation by descent; propagation. [R.] If by traduction came thy mind, Our wonder is the less to find A soul so charming from a stock so good. Dryden.
4. The act of transferring; conveyance; transportation. [R.] "The traduction of brutes." Sir M. Hale.
5. Transition. [Obs.] Bacon.
6. (Logic)
Defn: A process of reasoning in which each conclusion applies to just such an object as each of the premises applies to. Jevons.
TRADUCTIVE Tra*duc"tive, a.
Defn: Capable of being deduced; derivable. [R.] Bp. Warburton.
TRAFFIC Traf"fic, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trafficked; p. pr. & vb. n. Trafficking.] Etym: [F. trafiquer; cf. It. trafficare, Sp. traficar, trafagar, Pg. traficar, trafegar, trafeguear, LL. traficare; of uncertain origin, perhaps fr. L. trans across, over + -ficare to make (see -fy, and cf. G. übermachen to transmit, send over, e. g., money, wares); or cf. Pg. trasfegar to pour out from one vessel into another, OPg. also, to traffic, perhaps fr. (assumed) LL. vicare to exchange, from L. vicis change (cf. Vicar).]
1. To pass goods and commodities from one person to another for an equivalent in goods or money; to buy or sell goods; to barter; to trade.
2. To trade meanly or mercenarily; to bargain.
TRAFFIC Traf"fic, v. t.
Defn: To exchange in traffic; to effect by a bargain or for a consideration.
TRAFFIC Traf"fic, n. Etym: [Cf. F. trafic, It. traffico, Sp. tráfico, tráfago, Pg. tráfego, LL. traficum, trafica. See Traffic, v.]
1. Commerce, either by barter or by buying and selling; interchange of goods and commodities; trade. A merchant of great traffic through the world. Shak. The traffic in honors, places, and pardons. Macaulay.
Note: This word, like trade, comprehends every species of dealing in the exchange or passing of goods or merchandise from hand to hand for an equivalent, unless the business of relating may be excepted. It signifies appropriately foreign trade, but is not limited to that.
2. Commodities of the market. [R.] You 'll see a draggled damsel From Billingsgate her fishy traffic bear. Gay.
3. The business done upon a railway, steamboat line, etc., with reference to the number of passengers or the amount of freight carried. Traffic return, a periodical statement of the receipts for goods and passengers, as on a railway line. -- Traffic taker, a computer of the returns of traffic on a railway, steamboat line, etc.
TRAFFICABLE Traf"fic*a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being disposed of in traffic; marketable. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
TRAFFICKER Traf"fick*er, n.
Defn: One who traffics, or carries on commerce; a trader; a merchant.
TRAFFICLESS Traf"fic*less, a.
Defn: Destitute of traffic, or trade.
TRAFFIC MILE Traf"fic mile. (Railroad Accounting)
Defn: Any unit of the total obtained by adding the passenger miles and ton miles in a railroad's transportation for a given period; -- a term and practice of restricted or erroneous usage.
Traffic mile is a term designed to furnish an excuse for the erroneous practice of adding together two things (ton miles and passenger miles) which, being of different kinds, cannot properly be added. Hadley.
TRAGACANTH Trag"a*canth, n. Etym: [L. tragacanthum tragacanth, tragacantha the plant producing tragacanth, Gr. tragacanthe.]
Defn: A kind of gum procured from a spiny leguminous shrub (Astragalus gummifer) of Western Asia, and other species of Astragalus. It comes in hard whitish or yellowish flakes or filaments, and is nearly insoluble in water, but slowly swells into a mucilaginous mass, which is used as a substitute for gum arabic in medicine and the arts. Called also gum tragacanth.
TRAGEDIAN Tra*ge"di*an, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tragédien.]
1. A writer of tragedy. Thence what the lofty, grave, tragedians taught. Milton.
2. An actor or player in tragedy. Shak.
TRAGEDIENNE Tra`gé`dienne", n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: A woman who plays in tragedy.
TRAGEDIOUS Tra*ge"di*ous, a.
Defn: Like tragedy; tragical. [Obs.] "Tragedious history." Fabyan.
TRAGEDY Trag"e*dy, n.; pl. Tragedies. Etym: [OE.tragedie, OF.tragedie, F. tragédie, L. tragoedia, Gr. trout) + Ode.]
1. A dramatic poem, composed in elevated style, representing a signal action performed by some person or persons, and having a fatal issue; that species of drama which represents the sad or terrible phases of character and life. Tragedy is to say a certain storie, As olde bookes maken us memorie, Of him that stood in great prosperitee And is yfallen out of high degree Into misery and endeth wretchedly. Chaucer. All our tragedies are of kings and princes. Jer. Taylor. tragedy is poetry in its deepest earnest; comedy is poetry in unlimited jest. Coleridge.
2. A fatal and mournful event; any event in which human lives are lost by human violence, more especially by unauthorized violence.
TRAGIC; TRAGICAL Trag"ic, Trag"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. tragicus, Gr.tragique.]
1. Of or pertaining to tragedy; of the nature or character of tragedy; as, a tragic poem; a tragic play or representation.
2. Fatal to life; mournful; terrible; calamitous; as, the tragic scenes of the French revolution.
3. Mournful; expressive of tragedy, the loss of life, or of sorrow. Why look you still so stern and tragical Shak. -- Trag"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Trag"ic*al*ness, n.
TRAGIC Trag"ic, n.
1. A writer of tragedy. [Obs.]
2. A tragedy; a tragic drama. [Obs.]
TRAGI-COMEDY Trag`i-com"e*dy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tragicomédie, L. tragicocomoedia. See Tragic, and Comedy.]
Defn: A kind of drama representing some action in which serious and comic scenes are blended; a composition partaking of the nature both of tragedy and comedy. The noble tragi-comedy of "Measure for Measure." Macaulay.
TRAGI-COMIC; TRAGI-COMICAL Trag`i-com"ic, Trag`i-com"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. tragi-comique.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to tragi-comedy; partaking of grave and comic scenes. -- Trag`-com"ic*al*ly, adv. Julian felt toward him that tragi-comic sensation which makes us pity the object which excites it not the less that we are somewhat inclined to laugh amid our sympathy. Sir W. Scott.
TRAGI-COMI-PASTORAL Trag`i-com`i-pas"tor*al, a.
Defn: Partaking of the nature of, or combining, tragedy, comedy, and pastoral poetry. [R.] Gay.
TRAGOPAN Trag"o*pan, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. tragopan a fabulous Ethiopian bird, Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of several species of Asiatic pheasants of the genus Ceriornis. They are brilliantly colored with a variety of tints, the back and breast are usually covered with white or buff ocelli, and the head is ornamented with two bright-colored, fleshy wattles. The crimson tragopan, or horned pheasant (C. satyra), of India is one of the best-known species.
TRAGUS Tra"gus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)
Defn: The prominence in front of the external opening of the ear. See Illust. under Ear.
T RAIL T" rail`.
Defn: See under T.
TRAIL Trail, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trailed; p. pr. & vb. n. Trailing.] Etym: [OE. trailen, OF. trailler to trail a deer, or hunt him upon a cold scent, also, to hunt or pursue him with a limehound, F. trailler to trail a fishing line; probably from a derivative of L. trahere to draw; cf. L. traha a drag, sledge, tragula a kind of drag net, a small sledge, Sp. trailla a leash, an instrument for leveling the ground, D. treilen to draw with a rope, to tow, treil a rope for drawing a boat. See Trace, v. t.]
1. To hunt by the track; to track. Halliwell.
2. To draw or drag, as along the ground. And hung his head, and trailed his legs along. Dryden. They shall not trail me through their streets Like a wild beast. Milton. Long behind he trails his pompous robe. Pope.
3. (Mil.)
Defn: To carry, as a firearm, with the breech near the ground and the upper part inclined forward, the piece being held by the right hand near the middle.
4. To tread down, as grass, by walking through it; to lay flat. Longfellow.
5. To take advantage of the ignorance of; to impose upon. [Prov. Eng.] I presently perceived she was (what is vernacularly termed) trailing Mrs. Dent; that is, playing on her ignorance. C. Bronte.
TRAIL Trail, v. i.
1. To be drawn out in length; to follow after. When his brother saw the red blood trail. Spenser.
2. To grow to great length, especially when slender and creeping upon the ground, as a plant; to run or climb.
TRAIL Trail, n.
1. A track left by man or beast; a track followed by the hunter; a scent on the ground by the animal pursued; as, a deer trail. They traveled in the bed of the brook, leaving no dangerous trail. Cooper. How cheerfully on the false trail they cry! Shak.
2. A footpath or road track through a wilderness or wild region; as, an Indian trail over the plains.
3. Anything drawn out to a length; as, the trail of a meteor; a trail of smoke. When lightning shoots in glittering trails along. Rowe.
4. Anything drawn behind in long undulations; a train. "A radiant trail of hair." Pope.
5. Anything drawn along, as a vehicle. [Obs.]
6. A frame for trailing plants; a trellis. [Obs.]
7. The entrails of a fowl, especially of game, as the woodcock, and the like; -- applied also, sometimes, to the entrails of sheep. The woodcock is a favorite with epicures, and served with its trail in, is a delicious dish. Baird.
8. (Mil.)
Defn: That part of the stock of a gun carriage which rests on the ground when the piece is unlimbered. See Illust. of Gun carriage, under Gun.
9. The act of taking advantage of the ignorance of a person; an imposition. [Prov. Eng.] Trail boards (Shipbuilding), the carved boards on both sides of the cutwater near the figurehead. -- Trail net, a net that is trailed or drawn behind a boat. Wright.
TRAILER Trail"er, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, trails.
Defn: A part of an object which extends some distance beyond the main body of the object; as, the trailer of a plant. trailer park. An area equipped to accommodate trailers (2), often with outlets supplying electrical power and water. Called also trailer camp, trailer court.
TRAILING Trail"ing,
Defn: a. & vb. n. from Trail. Trailing arbutus. (Bot.) See under Arbutus. -- Trailing spring, a spring fixed in the axle box of the trailing wheels of a locomotive engine, and so placed as to assist in deadening any shock which may occur. Weale. -- Trailing wheel, a hind wheel of a locomotive when it is not a driving wheel; also, one of the hind wheels of a carriage.
TRAILING EDGE Trail"ing edge. (Aëronautics)
Defn: A following edge. See Advancing edge, above.
TRAIL ROPE Trail rope. (Aëronautics)
Defn: Same as Guide rope, above.
TRAIN Train, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trained; p. pr. & vb. n. Training.] Etym: [OF. trahiner, traïner,F. traîner, LL. trahinare, trainare, fr. L. trahere to draw. See Trail.]
1. To draw along; to trail; to drag. In hollow cube Training his devilish enginery. Milton.
2. To draw by persuasion, artifice, or the like; to attract by stratagem; to entice; to allure. [Obs.] If but a dozen French Were there in arms, they would be as a call To train ten thousand English to their side. Shak. O, train me not, sweet mermaid, with thy note. Shak. This feast, I'll gage my life, Is but a plot to train you to your ruin. Ford.
3. To teach and form by practice; to educate; to exercise; to discipline; as, to train the militia to the manual exercise; to train soldiers to the use of arms. Our trained bands, which are the trustiest and most proper strength of a free nation. Milton. The warrior horse here bred he's taught to train. Dryden.
4. To break, tame, and accustom to draw, as oxen.
5. (Hort.)
Defn: To lead or direct, and form to a wall or espalier; to form to a proper shape, by bending, lopping, or pruning; as, to train young trees. He trained the young branches to the right hand or to the left. Jeffrey.
6. (Mining)
Defn: To trace, as a lode or any mineral appearance, to its head. To train a gun (Mil. & Naut.), to point it at some object either forward or else abaft the beam, that is, not directly on the side. Totten. -- To train, or To train up, to educate; to teach; to form by instruction or practice; to bring up. Train up a child in the way he should go; and when he is old, he will not depart from it. Prov. xxii. 6. The first Christians were, by great hardships, trained up for glory. Tillotson.
TRAIN Train, v. i.
1. To be drilled in military exercises; to do duty in a military company.
2. To prepare by exercise, diet, instruction, etc., for any physical contest; as, to train for a boat race.
TRAIN Train, n. Etym: [F. train, OF. traïn, trahin; cf. (for some of the senses) F. traine. See Train, v.]
1. That which draws along; especially, persuasion, artifice, or enticement; allurement. [Obs.] "Now to my charms, and to my wily trains." Milton.
2. Hence, something tied to a lure to entice a hawk; also, a trap for an animal; a snare. Halliwell. With cunning trains him to entrap un wares. Spenser.
3. That which is drawn along in the rear of, or after, something; that which is in the hinder part or rear. Specifically : -- (a) That part of a gown which trails behind the wearer. (b) (Mil.) The after part of a gun carriage; the trail. (c) The tail of a bird. "The train steers their flights, and turns their bodies, like the rudder of ship." Ray.
4. A number of followers; a body of attendants; a retinue; a suite. The king's daughter with a lovely train. Addison. My train are men of choice and rarest parts. Shak.
5. A consecution or succession of connected things; a series. "A train of happy sentiments." I. Watts. The train of ills our love would draw behind it. Addison. Rivers now Stream and perpetual draw their humid train. Milton. Other truths require a train of ideas placed in order. Locke.
6. Regular method; process; course; order; as, things now in a train for settlement. If things were once in this train, . . . our duty would take root in our nature. Swift.
7. The number of beats of a watch in any certain time.
8. A line of gunpowder laid to lead fire to a charge, mine, or the like.
9. A connected line of cars or carriages on a railroad.
10. A heavy, long sleigh used in Canada for the transportation of merchandise, wood, and the like.
11. (Rolling Mill)
Defn: A roll train; as, a 12-inch train. Roll train, or Train of rolls (Rolling Mill), a set of plain or grooved rolls for rolling metal into various forms by a series of consecutive operations. -- Train mile (Railroads), a unit employed in estimating running expenses, etc., being one of the total number of miles run by all the trains of a road, or system of roads, as within a given time, or for a given expenditure; -- called also mile run. -- Train of artillery, any number of cannon, mortars, etc., with the attendants and carriages which follow them into the field. Campbell (Dict. Mil. Sci.). -- Train of mechanism, a series of moving pieces, as wheels and pinions, each of which is follower to that which drives it, and driver to that which follows it. -- Train road, a slight railway for small cars, -- used for construction, or in mining. -- Train tackle (Naut.), a tackle for running guns in and out.
Syn. -- Cars. -- Train, Cars. Train is the word universally used in England with reference to railroad traveling; as, I came in the morning train. In the United States, the phrase the cars has been extensively introduced in the room of train; as, the cars are late; I came in the cars. The English expression is obviously more appropriate, and is prevailing more and more among Americans, to the exclusion of the cars.
TRAINABLE Train"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being trained or educated; as, boys trainable to virtue. Richardson.
TRAINBAND Train"band`, n.; pl. Trainbands (.
Defn: A band or company of an organized military force instituted by James I. and dissolved by Charles II.; -- afterwards applied to the London militia. [Eng.] He felt that, without some better protection than that of the trainbands and Beefeaters, his palace and person would hardly be secure. Macaulay. A trainband captain eke was he Of famous London town. Cowper.
TRAINBEARER Train"bear`er, n.
Defn: One who holds up a train, as of a robe.
TRAIN DISPATCHER Train dispatcher.
Defn: An official who gives the orders on a railroad as to the running of trains and their right of way.
TRAINEL Train"el, n. Etym: [OF.]
Defn: A dragnet. [Obs.] Holland.
TRAINER Train"er, n.
1. One who trains; an instructor; especially, one who trains or prepares men, horses, etc., for exercises requiring physical agility and strength.
2. A militiaman when called out for exercise or discipline. [U. S.] Bartlett.
TRAINING Train"ing, n.
Defn: The act of one who trains; the act or process of exercising, disciplining, etc.; education. Fan training (Hort.), the operation of training fruit trees, grapevines, etc., so that the branches shall radiate from the stem like a fan. -- Horizontal training (Hort.), the operation of training fruit trees, grapevines, etc., so that the branches shall spread out laterally in a horizontal direction. -- Training college. See Normal school, under Normal, a. -- Training day, a day on which a military company assembles for drill or parade. [U. S.] -- Training ship, a vessel on board of which boys are trained as sailors.
Syn. -- See Education.
TRAIN OIL Train" oil` (oil`). Etym: [D. or LG. traan train oil, blubber (cf. Dan. & Sw. tran, G. thran) + E. oil.]
Defn: Oil procured from the blubber or fat of whales, by boiling.
TRAINY Train"y, a.
Defn: Belonging to train oil. [Obs.] Gay.
TRAIPSE Traipse, v. i. Etym: [Cf. G. trapsen, trappsen, trappen, to tread noisily, to walk stamping. See Trample, Trape.]
Defn: To walk or run about in a slatternly, careless, or thoughtless manner. [Colloq.] Pope.
TRAIS; TRAYS Trais, Trays, n. pl.
Defn: Traces. [Obs.] Four white bulls in the trays. Chaucer.
TRAIT Trait, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. tractus, fr. trahere to draw. See Trace, v., and cf. Tract a region, Trace a strap, Tret.]
1. A stroke; a touch. By this single trait Homer makes an essential difference between the Iliad and Odyssey. Broome.
2. A distinguishing or marked feature; a peculiarity; as, a trait of character.
Note: Formerly pronounced tra, as in French, and still so pronounced to some extent in England.
TRAITEUR Trai`teur", n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: The keeper of an eating house, or restaurant; a restaurateur. Simmonds.
TRAITOR Trai"tor, n. Etym: [OE. traitour, OF. traïtor, traïteur, F. treître, L. traditor, fr. tradere, traditum, to deliver, to give up or surrender treacherously, to betray; trans across, over + dare to give. See Date time, and cf. Betray,Tradition, Traditor, Treason.]
1. One who violates his allegiance and betrays his country; one guilty of treason; one who, in breach of trust, delivers his country to an enemy, or yields up any fort or place intrusted to his defense, or surrenders an army or body of troops to the enemy, unless when vanquished; also, one who takes arms and levies war against his country; or one who aids an enemy in conquering his country. See Treason. O passing traitor, perjured and unjust! Shak.
2. Hence, one who betrays any confidence or trust; a betrayer. "This false traitor death." Chaucer.
TRAITOR Trai"tor, a.
Defn: Traitorous. [R.] Spenser. Pope.
TRAITOR Trai"tor, v. t.
Defn: To act the traitor toward; to betray; to deceive. [Obs.] " But time, it traitors me." Lithgow.
TRAITORESS Trai"tor*ess, n.
Defn: A traitress. [Obs.] Rom. of R.
TRAITORLY Trai"tor*ly, a.
Defn: Like a traitor; treacherous; traitorous. [Obs.] "Traitorly rascals." Shak.
TRAITOROUS Trai"tor*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. traîtreux.]
1. Guilty of treason; treacherous; perfidious; faithless; as, a traitorous officer or subject. Shak.
2. Consisting in treason; partaking of treason; implying breach of allegiance; as, a traitorous scheme. -- Trai"tor*ous*ly, adv. -- Trai"tor*ous*ness, n.
TRAITORY Trai"tor*y, n.
Defn: Treachery. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TRAITRESS Trai"tress, n. Etym: [F. traîtresse.]
Defn: A woman who betrays her country or any trust; a traitoress. Dryden.
TRAJECT Tra*ject", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trajected; p. pr. & vb. n. Trajecting.] Etym: [L. trajectus, p. p. of trajicere to throw across; trans across + jacere to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.]
Defn: To throw or cast through, over, or across; as, to traject the sun's light through three or more cross prisms. [R.] Sir I. Newton.
TRAJECT Traj"ect, n. Etym: [L. trajectus, fr. trajicere: cf. F. trajet, OF. traject. See Traject, v. t.]
1. A place for passing across; a passage; a ferry. [Obs.] Cotgrave.
2. The act of trajecting; trajection.
3. A trajectory. [R.] I. Taylor.
TRAJECTION Tra*jec"tion, n. Etym: [L. trajectio a crossing over, transposition.]
1. The act of trajecting; a throwing or casting through or across; also, emission. Boyle.
2. Transposition. [R.] Knatchbull.
TRAJECTORY Tra*ject"o*ry, n.; pl. Trajectories. Etym: [Cf. F. trajectoire.]
Defn: The curve which a body describes in space, as a planet or comet in its orbit, or stone thrown upward obliquely in the air.
TRAJET; TRAJETOUR; TRAJETRY Tra"jet, Tra"jet*our, Tra"jet*ry, n.
Defn: See Treget, Tregetour, and Tregetry. [Obs.]
TRALATION Tra*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. tralatio, translatio.See Translation.]
Defn: The use of a word in a figurative or extended sense; ametaphor; a trope. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
TRALATITION Tral`a*ti"tion, n. Etym: [See Tralatitious.]
Defn: A change, as in the use of words; a metaphor.
TRALATITIOUS Tral`a*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. tralatitius, translatitius, tralaticius, translaticius. See Tralation.]
1. Passed along; handed down; transmitted. Among biblical critics a tralatitious interpretation is one received by expositor from expositor. W. Withington.
2. Metaphorical; figurative; not literal. Stackhouse.
TRALATITIOUSLY Tral`a*ti"tious*ly
Defn: , adv. In a tralatitious manner; metephorically. Holder.
TRALINEATE Tra*lin"e*ate, v. i. Etym: [L. trans across + linea a line: cf. It tralineare, tralignare.]
Defn: To deviate; to stray; to wander. [Obs.] Dryden.
TRALUCENCY Tra*lu"cen*cy, n.
Defn: Translucency; as, the tralucency of a gem. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
TRALUCENT Tra*lu"cent, a. Etym: [L. tralucens, translucens, p. pr. See Translucent.]
Defn: Translucent. [Obs.] The air's tralucent gallery. Sir. J. Davies.
TRAM Tram, n. Etym: [Prov. E. tram a coal wagon, the shaft of a cart or carriage, a beam or bar; probably of Scand, origin; cf. OSw. tråm, trum, a beam, OD. drom, Prov. & OHG. tram.]
1. A four-wheeled truck running on rails, and used in a mine, as for carrying coal or ore.
2. The shaft of a cart. [Prov. Eng.] De Quincey.
3. One of the rails of a tramway.
4. A car on a horse railroad. [Eng.] Tram car, a car made to run on a tramway, especially a street railway car. -- Tram plate, a flat piece of iron laid down as a rail. -- Tram pot (Milling), the step and support for the lower end of the spindle of a millstone.
TRAM Tram, n. Etym: [Sp. trama weft, or F. trame.]
Defn: A silk thread formed of two or more threads twisted together, used especially for the weft, or cross threads, of the best quality of velvets and silk goods.
TRAMA Tra"ma, n. [L., woof.] (Bot.)
Defn: The loosely woven substance which lines the chambers within the gleba in certain Gasteromycetes.
TRAMBLE Tram"ble, v. t. (Mining)
Defn: To wash, as tin ore, with a shovel in a frame fitted for the purpose. Smart.
TRAMMEL Tram"mel, n. Etym: [F. tramail, trémail, a net, LL. tremaculum, tremacle, a kind of net for taking fish; L. tres three + macula a mesh. See Three, and Mail armor.]
1. A kind of net for catching birds, fishes, or other prey. Carew.
2. A net for confining a woman's hair. Spenser.
3. A kind of shackle used for regulating the motions of a horse and making him amble.
4. Fig.: Whatever impedes activity, progress, or freedom, as a net or shackle. [They] disdain the trammels of any sordid contract. Jeffrey.
5. An iron hook of various forms and sizes, used for handing kettles and other vessels over the fire.
6. (Mech.) (a) An instrument for drawing ellipses, one part of which consists of a cross with two grooves at right angles to each other, the other being a beam carrying two pins (which slide in those grooves), and also the describing pencil. (b) A beam compass. See under Beam.
TRAMMEL Tram"mel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trammeled or Trammelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Trammeling, or Trammelling.]
1. To entangle, as in a net; to catch. [R.] Shak.
2. To confine; to hamper; to shackle.
TRAMMELED Tram"meled, a. (Man.)
Defn: Having blazes, or white marks, on the fore and hind foot of one side, as if marked by trammels; -- said of a horse. [Written also trammelled.]
TRAMMELER Tram"mel*er, n. Etym: [Written also trammeller.]
1. One who uses a trammel net. Nares.
2. One who, or that which, trammels or restrains.
TRAMMEL WHEEL Tram"mel wheel`. (Mach.)
Defn: A circular plate or a cross, with two or more cross grooves intersecting at the center, used on the end of a shaft to transmit motion to another shaft not in line with the first.
TRAMMING Tram"ming, n. (Silk Manuf.)
Defn: The act or process of forming trams. See 2d Tram.
TRAMONTANA Tra`mon*ta"na, n. [It. See Tramontane.] (Meteor.)
Defn: A dry, cold, violent, northerly wind of the Adriatic.
TRAMONTANE Tra*mon"tane, a. Etym: [OF. tramontain, It. tramontano, L. transmontanus; trans across, beyond + mons, montis, mountain.]
Defn: Lying or being beyond the mountains; coming from the other side of the mountains; hence, foreign; barbarous.
Note: The Italians sometimes use this epithet for ultramontane, and apply it to the countries north of the Alps, as France and Germany, and especially to their ecclesiastics, jurists, painters, etc.; and a north wind is called a tramontane wind. The French lawyers call certain Italian canonists tramontane, or ultramontane, doctors; considering them as favoring too much the court of Rome. See Ultramontane.
TRAMONTANE Tra*mon"tane, n.
Defn: One living beyond the mountains; hence, a foreigner; a stranger.
TRAMP Tramp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tramped; p. pr. & vb. n. Tramping.] Etym: [OE. trampen; akin to LG. trampen, G. trampeln, LG. & D. trappen, Dan. trampe, Sw. & Icel. trampa, Goth. anatrimpan to press upon; also to D. trap a step, G. treppe steps, stairs. Cf. Trap a kind of rock, Trape, Trip, v. i., Tread.]
1. To tread upon forcibly and repeatedly; to trample.
2. To travel or wander through; as, to tramp the country. [Colloq.]
3. To cleanse, as clothes, by treading upon them in water. [Scot.] Jamieson.
TRAMP Tramp, v. i.
Defn: To travel; to wander; to stroll.
TRAMP Tramp, n.
1. A foot journey or excursion; as, to go on a tramp; a long tramp. Blackie.
2. A foot traveler; a tramper; often used in a bad sense for a vagrant or wandering vagabond. Halliwell.
3. The sound of the foot, or of feet, on the earth, as in marching. Sir W. Scott.
4. A tool for trimming hedges.
5. A plate of iron worn to protect the sole of the foot, or the shoe, when digging with a spade.
TRAMPER Tramp"er, n.
Defn: One who tramps; a stroller; a vagrant or vagabond; a tramp. Dickens.
TRAMPLE Tram"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trampled; p. pr. & vb. n. Trampling.] Etym: [OE. trampelen, freq. of trampen. See Tramp, v. t.]
1. To tread under foot; to tread down; to prostrate by treading; as, to trample grass or flowers. Dryden. Neither cast ye your pearls before swine, lest they trample them under their feet. Matt. vii. 6.
2. Fig.: To treat with contempt and insult. Cowper.
TRAMPLE Tram"ple, v. i.
1. To tread with force and rapidity; to stamp.
2. To tread in contempt; -- with on or upon. Diogenes trampled on Plato's pride with greater of his own. Gov. of Tongue.
TRAMPLE Tram"ple, n.
Defn: The act of treading under foot; also, the sound produced by trampling. Milton. The huddling trample of a drove of sheep. Lowell.
TRAMPLER Tram"pler, n.
Defn: One who tramples; one who treads down; as, a trampler on nature's law. Cowper.
TRAMPOOSE Tram*poose", v. i. Etym: [See Tramp, Trample, and Traipse.]
Defn: To walk with labor, or heavily; to tramp. [Law, U. S.] Bartlett.
TRAMRAIL Tram"rail`, n. (Mach.)
Defn: An overhead rail forming a track on which a trolley runs to convey a load, as in a shop.
TRAMROAD Tram"road`, n. Etym: [Tram a coal wagon + road.]
Defn: A road prepared for easy transit of trams or wagons, by forming the wheel tracks of smooth beams of wood, blocks of stone, or plates of iron.
TRAMWAY Tram"way`, n.
1. Same as Tramroad.
2. A railway laid in the streets of a town or city, on which cars for passengers or for freight are drawn by horses; a horse railroad.
TRANATION Tra*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. tranare, transnare, to swim over; trans across, over + nare to swim.]
Defn: The act of swimming over. [Obs.] Bailey.
TRANCE Trance, n. Etym: [F. transe fright, in OF. also, trance or swoon, fr. transir to chill, benumb, to be chilled, to shiver, OF. also, to die, L. transire to pass over, go over, pass away, cease; trans across, over + ire to go; cf. L. transitus a passing over. See Issue, and cf. Transit.]
1. A tedious journey. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
2. A state in which the soul seems to have passed out of the body into another state of being, or to be rapt into visions; an ecstasy. And he became very hungry, and would have eaten; but while they made ready, he fell into a trance. Acts. x. 10. My soul was ravished quite as in a trance. Spenser.
3. (Med.)
Defn: A condition, often simulating death, in which there is a total suspension of the power of voluntary movement, with abolition of all evidences of mental activity and the reduction to a minimum of all the vital functions so that the patient lies still and apparently unconscious of surrounding objects, while the pulsation of the heart and the breathing, although still present, are almost or altogether imperceptible. He fell down in a trance. Chaucer.
TRANCE Trance, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tranced; p. pr. & vb. n. Trancing.]
1. To entrance. And three I left him tranced. Shak.
2. To pass over or across; to traverse. [Poetic] Trance the world over. Beau. & Fl. When thickest dark did trance the sky. Tennyson.
TRANCE Trance, v. i.
Defn: To pass; to travel. [Obs.]
TRANECT Tran"ect, n. Etym: [Cf. Traject.]
Defn: A ferry. [Obs.] Shak.
TRANGRAM Tran"gram, n. Etym: [OE. trangrain a strange thing, trangame a toy. See Tangram.]
Defn: Something intricately contrived; a contrived; a puzzle. [Cant & Obs.] Arbuthnot.
TRANNEL Tran"nel, n. (Naut.)
Defn: A treenail. [R.] Moxon.
TRANQUIL Tran"quil, a. Etym: [L. tranquillus; probably fr. trans across, over + a word akin to quietus quiet: cf. F. tranquille. See Quiet.]
Defn: Quiet; calm; undisturbed; peaceful; not agitated; as, the atmosphere is tranquil; the condition of the country is tranquil. A style clear, tranquil, easy to follow. De Quincey.
TRANQUILIZATION; TRANQUILLIZATION Tran`quil*i*za"tion, Tran`quil*li*za"tion, n.
Defn: The act of tranquilizing, or the state of being tranquilized.
TRANQUILIZE; TRANQUILLIZE Tran"quil*ize, Tran"quil*lize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tranquilized or Tranquilliized; p. pr. & vb. n. Tranquilizing or Tranquillizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. tranquilliser.]
Defn: To render tranquil; to allay when agitated; to compose; to make calm and peaceful; as, to tranquilize a state disturbed by factions or civil commotions; to tranquilize the mind.
Syn. -- To quiet; compose; still; soothe; appease; calm; pacify.
TRANQUILIZER; TRANQUILLIZER Tran"quil*i`zer, Tran"quil*li`zer, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, tranquilizes.
TRANQUILIZING; TRANQUILLIZING Tran"quil*i`zing, Tran"quil*li`zing, a.
Defn: Making tranquil; calming. " The tranquilizing power of time." Wordsworth. -- Tran"quil*i`zing*ly or Tran"quil*li`zing*ly, adv.
TRANQUILLITY Tran*quil"li*ty, n. Etym: [F. tranquillité, L. tranquillitas.]
Defn: The quality or state of being tranquil; calmness; composure.
TRANQUILLY Tran"quil*ly, adv.
Defn: In a tranquil manner; calmly.
TRANQUILNESS Tran"quil*ness, n.
Defn: Quality or state of being tranquil.
TRANS- Trans-. Etym: [L. trans across, over.]
Defn: A prefix, signifying over, beyond, through and through, on the other side, as in transalpine, beyond the Alps; transform, to form through and through, that is, anew, transfigure.
TRANSACT Trans*act", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transacted; p. pr. & vb. n. Transacting.] Etym: [L. transactus, p. p. of transigere. See Transaction.]
Defn: To carry through; to do; perform; to manage; as, to transact commercial business; to transact business by an agent.
TRANSACT Trans*act", v. i.
Defn: To conduct matters; to manage affairs. [R.] South.
TRANSACTION Trans*ac"tion, n. Etym: [L. transactio, fr. transigere, transactum, to drive through, carry through, accomplish, transact; trans across, over + agere to drive; cf. F. transaction. See Act, Agent.]
1. The doing or performing of any business; management of any affair; performance.
2. That which is done; an affair; as, the transactions on the exchange.
3. (Civil Law)
Defn: An adjustment of a dispute between parties by mutual agreement. Transaction of a society, the published record of what it has done or accomplished.
Syn. -- Proceeding; action; process. -- Transaction, Proceeding. A transaction is something already done and completed; a proceeding is either something which is now going on, or, if ended, is still contemplated with reference to its progress or successive stages.
Note: " We the word proceeding in application to an affray in the street, and the word transaction to some commercial negotiation that has been carried on between certain persons. The proceeding marks the manner of proceeding, as when we speak of the proceedings in a court of law. The transaction marks the business transacted; as, the transactions on the Exchange." Crabb.
TRANSACTOR Trans*act"or, n. Etym: [L.]
Defn: One who transacts, performs, or conducts any business. Derham.
TRANSALPINE Trans*al"pine, a. Etym: [L. transalpinus; trans across, beyond + Alpinus Alpine, from Alpes the Alps: cf. F. transalpin.]
Defn: Being on the farther side of the Alps in regard to Rome, that is, on the north or west side of the Alps; of or pertaining to the region or the people beyond the Alps; as, transalpine Gaul; -- opposed to cisalpine. " Transalpine garbs." Beau. & Fl.
TRANSALPINE Trans*al"pine, n.
Defn: A native or inhabitant of a country beyond the Alps, that is, out of Italy.
TRANSANIMATE Trans*an"i*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transanimated; p. pr. & vb. n. Transanimating.] Etym: [Trans- + animate.]
Defn: To animate with a soul conveyed from another body. [R.] Bp. J. King (1608).
TRANSANIMATION Trans*an`i*ma"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. transanimation.]
Defn: The conveyance of a soul from one body to another. [R.] Fuller.
TRANSATLANTIC Trans`at*lan"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. trans- + Atlantic: cf. F. transatlantique.]
1. Lying or being beyond the Atlantic Ocean.
Note: When used by a person in Europe or Africa, transatlantic signifies being in America; when by a person in America, it denotes being or lying in Europe or Africa, especially the former.
2. Crossing the Atlantic Ocean.
TRANSAUDIENT Trans*au"di*ent, a. Etym: [See Trans-, and Audient.]
Defn: Permitting the passage of sound. [R.] Lowell.
TRANSCALENCY Trans*ca"len*cy, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being transcalent.
TRANSCALENT Trans*ca"lent, a. Etym: [Pref. trans- + L. calens, p. pr. of calere to grow warm.]
Defn: Pervious to, or permitting the passage of, heat.
TRANSCEND Tran*scend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transcended; p. pr. & vb. n. Transcending.] Etym: [L. transcendere, transcensum; trans beyond, over + scandere to climb. See Scan.]
1. To rise above; to surmount; as, lights in the heavens transcending the region of the clouds. Howell.
2. To pass over; to go beyond; to exceed. Such popes as shall transcend their limits. Bacon.
8. To surpass; to outgo; to excel; to exceed. How much her worth transcended all her kind. Dryden.
TRANSCEND Tran*scend", v. i.
1. To climb; to mount. [Obs.]
2. To be transcendent; to excel. [R.]
TRANSCENDENCE; TRANSCENDENCY Tran*scend"ence, Tran*scend"en*cy,Etym: [Cf. L. transcendentia, F. transcendance.]
1. The quality or state of being transcendent; superior excellence; supereminence. The Augustinian theology rests upon the transcendence of Deity at its controlling principle. A. V. G. Allen.
2. Elevation above truth; exaggeration. [Obs.] "Where transcendencies are more allowed." Bacon.
TRANSCENDENT Tran*scend"ent, a. Etym: [L. transcendens, -entis, p. pr. of transcendere to transcend: cf. F. transcendant, G. transcendent.]
1. Very excellent; superior or supreme in excellence; surpassing others; as, transcendent worth; transcendent valor. Clothed with transcendent brightness. Milton.
2. (Kantian Philos.)
Defn: Transcending, or reaching beyond, the limits of human knowledge; -- applied to affirmations and speculations concerning what lies beyond the reach of the human intellect.
TRANSCENDENT Tran*scend"ent, n.
Defn: That which surpasses or is supereminent; that which is very excellent.
TRANSCENDENTAL Tran`scen*den"tal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. transcendantal, G. transcendental.]
1. Supereminent; surpassing others; as, transcendental being or qualities.
2. (Philos.)
Defn: In the Kantian system, of or pertaining to that which can be determined a priori in regard to the fundamental principles of all human knowledge. What is transcendental, therefore, transcends empiricism; but is does not transcend all human knowledge, or become transcendent. It simply signifies the a priori or necessary conditions of experience which, though affording the conditions of experience, transcend the sphere of that contingent knowledge which is acquired by experience.
3. Vaguely and ambitiously extravagant in speculation, imagery, or diction.
Note: In mathematics, a quantity is said to be transcendental relative to another quantity when it is expressed as a transcendental function of the latter; thus, ax, 102x, log x, sin x, tan x, etc., are transcendental relative to x. Transcendental curve (Math.), a curve in which one ordinate is a transcendental function of the other. -- Transcendental equation (Math.), an equation into which a transcendental function of one of the unknown or variable quantities enters. -- Transcendental function. (Math.) See under Function.
Syn. -- Transcendental, Empirical. These terms, with the corresponding nouns, transcendentalism and empiricism, are of comparatively recent origin. Empirical refers to knowledge which is gained by the experience of actual phenomena, without reference to the principles or laws to which they are to be referred, or by which they are to be explained. Transcendental has reference to those beliefs or principles which are not derived from experience, and yet are absolutely necessary to make experience possible or useful. Such, in the better sense of the term, is the transcendental philosophy, or transcendentalism. Each of these words is also used in a bad sense, empiricism applying to that one-sided view of knowledge which neglects or loses sight of the truths or principles referred to above, and trusts to experience alone; transcendentalism, to the opposite extreme, which, in its deprecation of experience, loses sight of the relations which facts and phenomena sustain to principles, and hence to a kind of philosophy, or a use of language, which is vague, obscure, fantastic, or extravagant.
TRANSCENDENTAL Tran`scen*den"tal, n.
Defn: A transcendentalist. [Obs.]
TRANSCENDENTALISM Tran`scen*den"tal*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. transcendantalisme, G. transcendentalismus.]
1. (Kantian Philos.)
Defn: The transcending, or going beyond, empiricism, and ascertaining a priori the fundamental principles of human knowledge.
Note: As Schelling and Hegel claim to have discovered the absolute identity of the objective and subjective in human knowledge, or of things and human conceptions of them, the Kantian distinction between transcendent and transcendental ideas can have no place in their philosophy; and hence, with them, transcendentalism claims to have a true knowledge of all things, material and immaterial, human and divine, so far as the mind is capable of knowing them. And in this sense the word transcendentalism is now most used. It is also sometimes used for that which is vague and illusive in philosophy.
2. Ambitious and imaginative vagueness in thought, imagery, or diction.
TRANSCENDENTALIST Tran`scen*den"tal*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. transcendantaliste.]
Defn: One who believes in transcendentalism.
TRANSCENDENTALITY Tran`scen*den*tal"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being transcendental.
TRANSCENDENTALLY Tran`scen*den"tal*ly, adv.
Defn: In a transcendental manner.
TRANSCENDENTLY Tran*scend"ent*ly, adv.
Defn: In a transcendent manner.
TRANSCENDENTNESS Tran*scend"ent*ness, n.
Defn: Same as Transcendence.
TRANSCENSION Tran*scen"sion, n. Etym: [See Transcend.]
Defn: The act of transcending, or surpassing; also, passage over. [Obs.] Chapman.
TRANSCOLATE Trans"co*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transcolated; p. pr. & vb. n. Transcolating.] Etym: [Pref. trans- + L. colare, colatum, to filter, to strain.]
Defn: To cause to pass through a sieve or colander; to strain, as through a sieve. [Obs.] Harvey.
TRANSCOLATION Trans`co*la"tion, n.
Defn: Act of transcolating, or state of being transcolated. [Obs.] Bp. Stillingfleet.
TRANSCONTINENTAL Trans*con`ti*nen"tal, a. Etym: [Pref. trans- + continental.]
Defn: Extending or going across a continent; as, a transcontinental railroad or journey.
TRANSCORPORATE Trans*cor"po*rate, v. i. Etym: [Pref. trans- + corporate.]
Defn: To transmigrate. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
TRANSCRIBBLER Tran*scrib"bler, n.
Defn: A transcriber; -- used in contempt. He [Aristotle] has suffered vastly from the transcribblers, as all authors of great brevity necessarily must. Gray.
TRANSCRIBE Tran*scribe", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transcribed; p. pr. & vb. n. Transcribing.] Etym: [L. transcribere, transcriptum; trans across, over + scribere to write. See Scribe.]
Defn: To write over again, or in the same words; to copy; as, to transcribe Livy or Tacitus; to transcribe a letter.
TRANSCRIBER Tran*scrib"er, n.
Defn: One who transcribes, or writes from a copy; a copier; a copyist.
TRANSCRIPT Tran"script, n. Etym: [L. transcriptum, neut. of transcriptus, p. p. transcribere. See Transcribe.]
1. That which has been transcribed; a writing or composition consisting of the same words as the original; a written copy. The decalogue of Moses was but a transcript. South.
2. A copy of any kind; an imitation. The Grecian learning was but a transcript of the Chaldean and Egyptian. Glanvill.
Defn: A written version of what was said orally; as, a transcript of a trial.
TRANSCRIPTION Tran*scrip"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. transcription, L. transcriptio a transfer.]
1. The act or process of transcribing, or copying; as, corruptions creep into books by repeated transcriptions.
2. A copy; a transcript. Walton.
3. (Mus.)
Defn: An arrangement of a composition for some other instrument or voice than that for which it was originally written, as the translating of a song, a vocal or instrumental quartet, or even an orchestral work, into a piece for the piano; an adaptation; an arrangement; -- a name applied by modern composes for the piano to a more or less fanciful and ornate reproduction on their own instrument of a song or other piece not originally intended for it; as, Listzt's transcriptions of songs by Schubert.
TRANSCRIPTIVE Tran*scrip"tive, a.
Defn: Done as from a copy; having the style or appearance of a transcription. [R.] -- Tran*scrip"tive*ly, adv. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
TRANSCUR Trans*cur", v. i. Etym: [L. transcurrere, transcursum; trans across, over + currere to run.]
Defn: To run or rove to and fro. [Obs.] Bacon.
TRANSCURRENCE Trans*cur"rence, n. Etym: [L. transcurrens, p. pr. of transcurrere.]
Defn: A roving hither and thither.
TRANSCURSION Trans*cur"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. L. transcursio a passing over. See Transcur.]
Defn: A rambling or ramble; a passage over bounds; an excursion. [Obs.] Howell.
TRANSDIALECT Trans*di"a*lect, v. t. Etym: [Pref. trans- + dialect.]
Defn: To change or translate from one dialect into another. [R.] Bp. Warburton.
TRANSDUCTION Trans*duc"tion, n. Etym: [L. transducere, traducere, -dictum, to lead across or over. See Traduce.]
Defn: The act of conveying over. [R.] Entick.
TRANSE Transe, n.
Defn: See Trance. [Obs.]
TRANSELEMENT; TRANSELEMENTATE Trans*el"e*ment, Trans*el`e*men"tate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. trans- element.]
Defn: To change or transpose the elements of; to transubstantiate. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
TRANSELEMENTATION Trans*el`e*men*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. transélémentation.] (Eccl.)
Defn: Transubstantiation. [Obs.]
TRANSENNE Tran"senne, n.
Defn: A transom. [Obs.]
TRANSEPT Tran"sept, n. Etym: [Pref. trans- + L. septum an inclosure. See Septum.] (Arch.)
Defn: The transversal part of a church, which crosses at right angles to the greatest length, and between the nave and choir. In the basilicas, this had often no projection at its two ends. In Gothic churches these project these project greatly, and should be called the arms of the transept. It is common, however, to speak of the arms themselves as the transepts.
TRANSEXION Tran*sex"ion, n. Etym: [Pref. trans- + L. sexus sex.]
Defn: Change of sex. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
TRANSFEMINATE Trans*fem"i*nate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. trans- + L. femina woman.]
Defn: To change into a woman, as a man. [Obs. & R.] Sir T. Browne.
TRANSFER Trans*fer", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transferred; p. pr. & vb. n. Transferring.] Etym: [L. transferre; trans across, over + ferre to bear: cf. F. transférer. See Bear to carry.]
1. To convey from one place or person another; to transport, remove, or cause to pass, to another place or person; as, to transfer the laws of one country to another; to transfer suspicion.
2. To make over the possession or control of; to pass; to convey, as a right, from one person to another; to give; as, the title to land is transferred by deed.
3. To remove from one substance or surface to another; as, to transfer drawings or engravings to a lithographic stone. Tomlinson.
Syn. -- To sell; give; alienate; estrange; sequester.
TRANSFER Trans"fer, n.
1. The act of transferring, or the state of being transferred; the removal or conveyance of a thing from one place or person to another.
2. (Law)
Defn: The conveyance of right, title, or property, either real or personal, from one person to another, whether by sale, by gift, or otherwise. I shall here only consider it as a transfer of property. Burke.
3. That which is transferred. Specifically: -- (a) A picture, or the like, removed from one body or ground to another, as from wood to canvas, or from one piece of canvas to another. Fairholt. (b) A drawing or writing printed off from one surface on another, as in ceramics and in many decorative arts. (c) (Mil.) A soldier removed from one troop, or body of troops, and placed in another.
4. (Med.)
Defn: A pathological process by virtue of which a unilateral morbid condition on being abolished on one side of the body makes its appearance in the corresponding region upon the other side. Transfer day, one of the days fixed by the Bank of England for the transfer, free of charge, of bank stock and government funds. These days are the first five business days in the week before three o'clock. Transfers may be made on Saturdays on payment of a fee of 2s. 6d. Bithell. -- Transfer office, an office or department where transfers of stocks, etc., are made. -- Transfer paper, a prepared paper used by draughtsmen, engravers, lithographers, etc., for transferring impressions. -- Transfer table. (Railroad) Same as Traverse table. See under Traverse.
TRANSFERABILITY Trans*fer`a*bil"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being transferable.
TRANSFERABLE Trans*fer"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. transférable.]
1. Capable of being transferred or conveyed from one place or person to another.
2. Negotiable, as a note, bill of exchange, or other evidence of property, that may be conveyed from one person to another by indorsement or other writing; capable of being transferred with no loss of value; as, the stocks of most public companies are transferable; some tickets are not transferable.
TRANSFEREE Trans`fer*ee", n.
Defn: The person to whom a transfer in made.
TRANSFERENCE Trans"fer*ence, n.
Defn: The act of transferring; conveyance; passage; transfer.
TRANSFEROGRAPHY Trans`fer*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Transfer + -graphy.]
Defn: The act or process of copying inscriptions, or the like, by making transfers.
TRANSFERRENCE Trans*fer"rence, n.
Defn: See Transference.
TRANSFERRER Trans*fer"rer, n.
Defn: One who makes a transfer or conveyance.
TRANSFERRIBLE Trans*fer"ri*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being transferred; transferable.
TRANSFIGURATE Trans*fig"u*rate, v. t.
Defn: To transfigure; to transform. [R.]
TRANSFIGURATION Trans*fig`u*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. transfiguratio: cf. transfiguration.]
1. A change of form or appearance; especially, the supernatural change in the personal appearance of our Savior on the mount.
2. (Eccl.)
Defn: A feast held by some branches of the Christian church on the 6th of August, in commemoration of the miraculous change above mentioned.
TRANSFIGURE Trans*fig"ure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transfigured; p. pr. & vb. n. Transfiguring.] Etym: [F. transfigurer, L. transfigurare, transfiguratum; trans across, over + figurare to form, shape. See Figure, v. t.]
1. To change the outward form or appearance of; to metamorphose; to transform.
2. Especially, to change to something exalted and glorious; to give an ideal form to. [Jesus] was transfigured before them; and his face did shine as the sun, and his raiment was white as the light. Matt. xvii. 2.
TRANSFIX Trans*fix", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transfixed; p. pr. & vb. n. Transfixing.] Etym: [L. transfixus, p. p. of transfigure to transfix; trans across, through + figere to fix, fasten. See Fix.]
Defn: To pierce through, as with a pointed weapon; to impale; as, to transfix one with a dart.
TRANSFIXION Trans*fix"ion, n.
Defn: The act of transfixing, or the state of being transfixed, or pierced. Bp. Hall.
TRANSFLUENT Trans"flu*ent, a. Etym: [Pref. trans- + fluent.]
1. Flowing or running across or through; as, a transfluent stream.
2. (Her.)
Defn: Passing or flowing through a bridge; -- said of water. Wright.
TRANSFLUX Trans"flux, n. Etym: [Pref. trans- + flux.]
Defn: A flowing through, across, or beyond. [R.]
TRANSFORATE Trans"fo*rate, v. t. Etym: [L. transforatus, p. p. of transforare to pierce through; trans through + forare to bore.]
Defn: To bore through; to perforate. [Obs.]
TRANSFORM Trans*form", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transformed; p. pr. & vb. n. Transforming.] Etym: [L. transformare, transformatum; trans across, over + formare to from: cf. F. transformer. See Form, v. t.]
1. To change the form of; to change in shape or appearance; to metamorphose; as, a caterpillar is ultimately transformed into a butterfly. Love may transform me to an oyster. Shak.
2. To change into another substance; to transmute; as, the alchemists sought to transform lead into gold.
3. To change in nature, disposition, heart, character, or the like; to convert. Be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind. Rom. xii. 2.
4. (Math.)
Defn: To change, as an algebraic expression or geometrical figure, into another from without altering its value.
TRANSFORM Trans*form", v. i.
Defn: To be changed in form; to be metamorphosed. [R.] His hair transforms to down. Addison.
TRANSFORMABLE Trans*form"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being transformed or changed.
TRANSFORMATION Trans`for*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. transformatio: cf. transformation.]
Defn: The act of transforming, or the state of being transformed; change of form or condition. Specifically: --(a) (Biol.)
Defn: Any change in an organism which alters its general character and mode of life, as in the development of the germ into the embryo, the egg into the animal, the larva into the insect (metamorphosis), etc.; also, the change which the histological units of a tissue are prone to undergo. See Metamorphosis. (b) (Physiol.) Change of one from of material into another, as in assimilation; metabolism; metamorphosis. (c) (Alchemy) The imagined possible or actual change of one metal into another; transmutation. (d) (Theol.)
Defn: A change in disposition, heart, character, or the like; conversion. (e) (Math.) The change, as of an equation or quantity, into another form without altering the value.
TRANSFORMATIVE Trans*form"a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. transformatif.]
Defn: Having power, or a tendency, to transform.
TRANSFORMER Trans*form"er, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, transforms. Specif. (Elec.), an apparatus for producing from a given electrical current another current of different voltage.
TRANSFORMISM Trans*form"ism, n. Etym: [F. transformisme.] (Biol.)
Defn: The hypothesis, or doctrine, that living beings have originated by the modification of some other previously existing forms of living matter; -- opposed to abiogenesis. Huxley.
TRANSFREIGHT Trans*freight", v. i.
Defn: To transfrete. [Obs.] Waterhouse.
TRANSFRETATION Trans`fre*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. transfretatio. See Transfrete.]
Defn: The act of passing over a strait or narrow sea. [Obs.] Sir J. Davies.
TRANSFRETE Trans*frete", v. i. Etym: [L. transfretare; trans across, over + fretum a strait: cf. OF. transfreter.]
Defn: To pass over a strait or narrow sea. [Written also transfreight.] [Obs.] E. Hall.
TRANSFUGE; TRANSFUGITIVE Trans"fuge, Trans*fu"gi*tive, n. Etym: [L. transfuga; trans across, over + fugere to flee.]
Defn: One who flees from one side to another; hence, a deserter; a turncoat; an apostate. [R.]
TRANSFUND Trans*fund", v. t. Etym: [L. transfundere; trans over, across + fundere to pour, pour out. See Found to cast, and cf. Transfuse.]
Defn: To pour from one vessel into another; to transfuse. [Obs.] Barrow.
TRANSFUSE Trans*fuse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transfused; p. pr. & vb. n. Transfusing.] Etym: [L. transfusus, p. p. of transfundere: cf. F. transfuser. See Transfund.]
1. To pour, as liquid, out of one vessel into another; to transfer by pouring.
2 2 (Med.)
Defn: To transfer, as blood, from the veins or arteries of one man or animal to those of another.
3. To cause to pass from to another; to cause to be instilled or imbibed; as, to transfuse a spirit of patriotism into a man; to transfuse a love of letters. Into thee such virtue and grace Immense I have transfused. Milton.
TRANSFUSIBLE Trans*fu"si*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being transfused; transferable by transfusion.
TRANSFUSION Trans*fu"sion, n. Etym: [L. transfusio: cf. F. transfusion.]
1. The act of transfusing, or pouring, as liquor, out of one vessel into another. Howell.
2. (Med.)
Defn: The act or operation of transferring the blood of one man or animal into the vascular system of another; also, the introduction of any fluid into the blood vessels, or into a cavity of the body from which it can readily be adsorbed into the vessels; intrafusion; as, the peritoneal transfusion of milk.
TRANSFUSIVE Trans*fu"sive, a.
Defn: Tending to transfuse; having power to transfuse.
TRANSGRESS Trans*gress", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transgressed; p. pr. & vb. n. Transgressing.] Etym: [Cf. F. transgresser. See Transgression.]
1. To pass over or beyond; to surpass. [R.] Surpassing common faith, transgressing nature's law. Dryden.
2. Hence, to overpass, as any prescribed as the For man will hearken to his glozing lies, And easily transgress the sole command. Milton.
3. To offend against; to vex. [Obs.] Why give you peace to this imperate beast That hath so long transgressed you Beau. & Fl.
TRANSGRESS Trans*gress", v. i.
Defn: To offend against the law; to sin. Who transgressed in the thing accursed. I Chron. ii. 7.
TRANSGRESSION Trans*gres"sion, n. Etym: [L. transgressio a going across, going over, transgression of the law, from transgredi, transgressus, to step across, go over; trans over, across + gradi to step, walk: cf. F. transgression. See Grade.]
Defn: The act of transgressing, or of passing over or beyond any law, civil or moral; the violation of a law or known principle of rectitude; breach of command; fault; offense; crime; sin. Forgive thy people . . . all their transgressions wherein they have transgressed against thee. I Kings viii. 50. What rests, but that the mortal sentence pass On his transgression, death denounced that day Milton. The transgression is in the stealer. Shak.
Syn. -- Fault; offense; crime; infringement; misdemeanor; misdeed; affront; sin.
TRANSGRESSIONAL Trans*gres"sion*al, a.
Defn: Of pertaining to transgression; involving a transgression.
TRANSGRESSIVE Trans*gress"ive, a. Etym: [Cf. L. transgressivus passing over into another class. F. transgressif.]
Defn: Disposed or tending to transgress; faulty; culpable. -
TRANSGRESSIVELY Trans*gress"ive*ly, adv.
Defn: In a transgressive manner Adam, perhaps, . . . from the transgressive infirmities of himself, might have erred alone. Sir T. Browne.
TRANSGRESSOR Trans*gress"or, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. transgresseur.]
Defn: One who transgresses; one who breaks a law, or violates a command; one who violates any known rule or principle of rectitude; a sinner. The way of transgressors is hard. Prov. xiii. 15.
TRANSHAPE Tran*shape", v. t.
Defn: To transshape. [R.] J. Webster (1623).
TRANSHIP Tran*ship", v. t.
Defn: Same as Transship.
TRANSHIPMENT Tran*ship"ment, n.
Defn: Same as Transshipment.
TRANSHUMAN Trans*hu"man, a. Etym: [Pref. trans- + human.]
Defn: More than human; superhuman. [R.] Words may not tell of that transhuman change. H. F. Cary.
TRANSHUMANIZE Trans*hu"man*ize, v. t.
Defn: To make more than human; to purity; to elevate above humanity. [R.] Souls purified by sorrow and self-denial, transhumanized to the divine abstraction of pure contemplation. Lowell.
TRANSIENCE; TRANSIENCY Tran"sience, Tran"sien*cy, n.
Defn: The quality of being transient; transientness.
TRANSIENT Tran"sient, a. Etym: [L. transiens, -entis, p. pr. of transire, transitum, to go or pass over. See Trance.]
1. Passing before the sight or perception, or, as it were, moving over or across a space or scene viewed, and then disappearing; hence, of short duration; not permanent; not lasting or durable; not stationary; passing; fleeting; brief; transitory; as, transient pleasure. "Measured this transient world." Milton.
2. Hasty; momentary; imperfect; brief; as, a transient view of a landscape.
3. Staying for a short time; not regular or permanent; as, a transient guest; transient boarders. [Colloq. U.S.]
Syn. -- Transient, Transitory, Fleeting. Transient represents a thing as brief at the best; transitory, as liable at any moment to pass away. Fleeting goes further, and represents it as in the act of taking its flight. Life is transient; its joys are transitory; its hours are fleeting. What is loose love A transient gust. Pope If [we love] transitory things, which soon decay, Age must be loveliest at the latest day. Donne. O fleeting joys Of Paradise, dear bought with lasting woes. Milton. -- Tran"sient*ly, adv. -- Tran"sient*ness, n.
TRANSIENT Tran"sient, n.
Defn: That which remains but for a brief time. Glanvill.
TRANSILIENCE; TRANSILIENCY Tran*sil"i*ence, Tran*sil"i*en*cy, n. Etym: [L. transiliens, p. pr. of transilire to leap across or over; trans across, over + salire to leap.]
Defn: A leap across or from one thing to another. [R.] "An unadvised transiliency." Glanvill.
TRANSIRE Trans*i"re, n. Etym: [L. transire to pass through or across, to pass.] (End. Law)
Defn: A customhouse clearance for a coasting vessel; a permit.
TRANSISTHMIAN Trans*isth"mi*an, a.
Defn: Extending across an isthmus, as at Suez or Panama.
TRANSIT Trans"it, n. Etym: [L. transitus, from transire to go over: cf. F. transit. See Transient.]
1. The act of passing; passage through or over. In France you are now . . . in the transit from one form of government to another. Burke.
2. The act or process of causing to pass; conveyance; as, the transit of goods through a country.
3. A line or route of passage or conveyance; as, the Nicaragua transit. E. G. Squier.
4. (Astron.) (a) The passage of a heavenly body over the meridian of a place, or through the field of a telescope. (b) The passage of a smaller body across the disk of a larger, as of Venus across the sun's disk, or of a satellite or its shadow across the disk of its primary.
5. An instrument resembling a theodolite, used by surveyors and engineers; -- called also transit compass, and surveyor's transit.
Note: The surveyor's transit differs from the theodolite in having the horizontal axis attached directly to the telescope which is not mounted in Y's and can be turned completely over about the axis. Lower transit (Astron.), the passage of a heavenly body across that part of the meridian which is below the polar axis. -- Surveyor's transit. See Transit, 5, above. -- Transit circle (Astron.), a transit instrument with a graduated circle attached, used for observing the time of transit and the declination at one observation. See Circle, n., 3. -- Transit compass. See Transit, 5, above. -- Transit duty, a duty paid on goods that pass through a country. -- Transit instrument. (Astron.) (a) A telescope mounted at right angles to a horizontal axis, on which it revolves with its line of collimation in the plane of the meridian, -- used in connection with a clock for observing the time of transit of a heavenly body over the meridian of a place. (b) (Surv.) A surveyor's transit. See Transit, 5, above. -- Transit trade (Com.), the business conected with the passage of goods through a country to their destination. -- Upper transit (Astron.), the passage of a heavenly body across that part of the meridian which is above the polar axis.
TRANSIT Trans"it, v. t. (Astron.)
Defn: To pass over the disk of (a heavenly body).
TRANSITION Tran*si"tion, n. Etym: [L. transitio: cf. F. transition. See Transient.]
1. Passage from one place or state to another; charge; as, the transition of the weather from hot to cold. There is no death, what seems so is transition. Longfellow.
2. (Mus.)
Defn: A direct or indirect passing from one key to another; a modulation.
3. (Rhet.)
Defn: A passing from one subject to another. [He] with transition sweet, new speech resumes. Milton.
4. (Biol.)
Defn: Change from one form to another.
Note: This word is sometimes pronounced tran*sish"un; but according to Walker, Smart, and most other authorities, the customary and preferable pronunciation is tran*sizh"un, although this latter mode violates analogy. Other authorities say tran*zish"un. Transition rocks (Geol.), a term formerly applied to the lowest uncrystalline stratified rocks (graywacke) supposed to contain no fossils, and so called because thought to have been formed when the earth was passing from an uninhabitable to a habitable state.
TRANSITIONAL Tran*si"tion*al, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to transition; involving or denoting transition; as, transitional changes; transitional stage.
TRANSITIONARY Tran*si"tion*a*ry, a.
Defn: Transitional.
TRANSITION ZONE Tran*si"tion zone. (Biogeography)
Defn: The zone lying between the Boreal and Sonoran zones of North America. It includes an eastern or humid subdivision and a western arid one of corresponding temperature comprising the northern Great Plains and the lower slopes of the mountains of the western United States and Mexico. Called also Neutral zone.
TRANSITIVE Tran"si*tive, a. Etym: [L. transitivus: cf. F. transitif. See Transient.]
1. Having the power of making a transit, or passage. [R.] Bacon.
2. Effected by transference of signification. By far the greater part of the transitive or derivative applications of words depend on casual and unaccountable caprices of the feelings or the fancy. Stewart.
3. (Gram.)
Defn: Passing over to an object; expressing an action which is not limited to the agent or subject, but which requires an object to complete the sense; as, a transitive verb, for example, he holds the book. -- Tran"si*tive*ly, adv. -- Tran"si*tive*ness, n.
TRANSITORILY Tran"si*to*ri*ly, adv.
Defn: In a transitory manner; with brief continuance.
TRANSITORINESS Tran"si*to*ri*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being transitory; speedy passage or departure.
TRANSITORY Tran"si*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. transitorius: cf. F. transitoire. See Transient.]
Defn: Continuing only for a short time; not enduring; fleeting; evanescent. Comfort and succor all those who, in this transitory life, are in trouble. Bk. of Com. Prayer. It was not the transitory light of a comet, which shines and glows for a wile, and then . . . vanishes into nothing. South. Transitory action (Law), an action which may be brought in any county, as actions for debt, and the like; -- opposed to local action. Blackstone. Bouvier.
Syn. -- transient; short-lived; brief. See Transient.
TRANSLATABLE Trans*lat"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being translated, or rendered into another language.
TRANSLATE Trans*late", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Translated; p. pr. & vb. n. Translating.] Etym: [f. translatus, used as p. p. of transferre to transfer, but from a different root. See Trans-, and Tolerate, and cf. Translation.]
1. To bear, carry, or remove, from one place to another; to transfer; as, to translate a tree. [Archaic] Dryden. In the chapel of St. Catharine of Sienna, they show her head- the rest of her body being translated to Rome. Evelyn.
2. To change to another condition, position, place, or office; to transfer; hence, to remove as by death.
3. To remove to heaven without a natural death. By faith Enoch was translated, that he should not see death; and was not found, because God had translatedhim. Heb. xi. 5.
4. (Eccl.)
Defn: To remove, as a bishop, from one see to another. "Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, when the king would have translated him from that poor bishopric to a better, . . . refused." Camden.
5. To render into another language; to express the sense of in the words of another language; to interpret; hence, to explain or recapitulate in other words. Translating into his own clear, pure, and flowing language, what he found in books well known to the world, but too bulky or too dry for boys and girls. Macaulay.
6. To change into another form; to transform. Happy is your grace, That can translatethe stubbornness of fortune Into so quiet and so sweet a style. Shak.
7. (Med.)
Defn: To cause to remove from one part of the body to another; as, to translate a disease.
8. To cause to lose senses or recollection; to entrance. [Obs.] J. Fletcher.
TRANSLATE Trans*late, v. i.
Defn: To make a translation; to be engaged in translation.
TRANSLATION Trans*la"tion, n. Etym: [F. translation, L. translatio a transferring, translation, version. See Translate, and cf. Tralation.]
1. The act of translating, removing, or transferring; removal; also, the state of being translated or removed; as, the translation of Enoch; the translation of a bishop.
2. The act of rendering into another language; interpretation; as, the translation of idioms is difficult.
3. That which is obtained by translating something a version; as, a translation of the Scriptures.
4. (Rhet.)
Defn: A transfer of meaning in a word or phrase, a metaphor; a tralation. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
5. (Metaph.)
Defn: Transfer of meaning by association; association of ideas. A. Tucker.
6. (Kinematics)
Defn: Motion in which all the points of the moving body have at any instant the same velocity and direction of motion; -- opposed to rotation.
TRANSLATITIOUS Trans`la*ti"tious, a. Etym: [See Tralatitious.]
Defn: Metaphorical; tralatitious; also, foreign; exotic. [Obs.] Evelyn.
TRANSLATIVE Trans*lat"ive, a. Etym: [L. translativus that is to be transferred: cf. F. translatif.]
Defn: tropical; figurative; as, a translative sense. [R.] Puttenham.
TRANSLATOR Trans*lat"or, n. Etym: [L. translator: cf. F. translateur.]
1. One who translates; esp., one who renders into another language; one who expresses the sense of words in one language by equivalent words in another.
2. (Teleg.)
Defn: A repeating instrument. [Eng.]
TRANSLATORSHIP Trans*lat"or*ship, n.
Defn: The office or dignity of a translator.
TRANSLATORY Trans*lat"o*ry, a.
Defn: Serving to translate; transferring. [R.] Arbuthnot.
TRANSLATRESS Trans*lat"ress, n.
Defn: A woman who translates.
TRANSLAVATION Trans`la*va"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. trans- + L. lavatio, -onis, washing.]
Defn: A laving or lading from one vessel to another. [Obs.] Holland.
TRANSLITERATE Trans*lit"er*ate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. trans- + L. litera, littera letter.]
Defn: To express or represent in the characters of another alphabet; as, to transliterate Sanskrit words by means of English letters. A. J. Ellis.
TRANSLITERATION Trans*lit`er*a"tion, n.
Defn: The act or product of transliterating, or of expressing words of a language by means of the characters of another alphabet.
TRANSLOCATION Trans`lo*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. trans- + location.]
Defn: removal of things from one place to another; substitution of one thing for another. There happened certain translocations at the deluge. Woodward.
TRANSLUCENCE; TRANSLUCENCY Trans*lu"cence, Trans*lu"cen*cy, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being translucent; clearness; partial transparency. Sir T. Browne.
TRANSLUCENT Trans*lu"cent, a. Etym: [L. translucens, -entis, p. pr. of translucere to shine through; trans across, through = lucere to shine. See Lucid.]
1. Transmitting rays of light without permitting objects to be distinctly seen; partially transparent.
2. Transparent; clear. [Poetic] "Fountain or fresh current . . . translucent, pure." Milton. Replenished from the cool, translucent springs. Pope.
Syn. -- Translucent, Transparent. A thing is translucent when it merely admits the passage of light, without enabling us to distinguish the color and outline of objects through it; it is transparent when we can clearly discern objects placed on the other side of it. Glass, water, etc., are transparent; ground glass is translucent; a translucent style.
TRANSLUCENTLY Trans*lu"cent*ly, adv.
Defn: In a translucent manner.
TRANSLUCID Trans*lu"cid, a. Etym: [L. translucidus; trans across, through + lucidus lucid: cf. F. translucide. See Translucent.]
Defn: Translucent. [R.] Bacon.
TRANSLUNARY Trans"lu*na*ry, a. Etym: [Pref. trans- + L. luna moon.]
Defn: Being or lying beyond the moon; hence, ethereal; -- opposed to sublunary. [Obs.] Marlowe, bathed in the Thespian springs, Had in him those brave, translunary things That the first poets had. Drayton.
TRANSMARINE Trans`ma*rine", a. Etym: [L. transmarinus; trans beyond + marinus marine: cf. F. transmarin. See Marine.]
Defn: Lying or being beyond the sea. Howell.
TRANSMEABLE; TRANSMEATABLE Trans"me*a*ble, Trans`me*at"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. transmeabilis.]
Defn: Capable of being passed over or traversed; passable. [Obs.]
TRANSMEATE Trans"me*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. transmeatus, p. p. of transmeare to pass across; trans across, over + meare to go.]
Defn: To pass over or beyond. [Obs.]
TRANSMEATION Trans`me*a"tion, n.
Defn: The act of transmeating; a passing through or beyond. [Obs.]
TRANSMEW Trans*mew", v. t. & i. Etym: [F. transmuer, L. transmutare. See Transmute.]
Defn: To transmute; to transform; to metamorphose. [Archaic] Chaucer. Spenser. To transmew thyself from a holy hermit into a sinful forester. Sir W. Scott.
TRANSMIGRANT Trans"mi*grant, a. Etym: [L. transmigrans, p. pr. See Transmigrate.]
Defn: Migrating or passing from one place or state to another; passing from one residence to another. -- n.
Defn: One who transmigrates.
TRANSMIGRATE Trans"mi*grate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Transmigrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Transmigrating.] Etym: [L. transmigrare, transmigratum; trans across + migrare to migrate. See Migrate.]
1. To pass from one country or jurisdiction to another for the purpose of residence, as men or families; to migrate.
2. To pass from one body or condition into another. Their may transmigrate into each other. Howell.
TRANSMIGRATION Trans`mi*gra"tion, n. Etym: [F. transmigration, L. transmigratio.]
1. The act of passing from one country to another; migration.
2. The passing of the soul at death into another mortal body; metempsychosis.
TRANSMIGRATOR Trans"mi*gra`tor, n.
Defn: One who transmigrates. J. Ellis.
TRANSMIGRATORY Trans*mi"gra*to*ry, a.
Defn: Passing from one body or state to another.
TRANSMISSIBILITY Trans*mis`si*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. transmissibilité.]
Defn: The quality of being transmissible.
TRANSMISSIBLE Trans*mis"si*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. transmissible.]
Defn: Capable of being transmitted from one to another; capable of being passed through any body or substance.
TRANSMISSION Trans*mis"sion, n. Etym: [L. transmissio; cf. F. transmission. See Transmit.]
1. The act of transmitting, or the state of being transmitted; as, the transmission of letters, writings, papers, news, and the like, from one country to another; the transmission of rights, titles, or privileges, from father to son, or from one generation to another.
2. (Law)
Defn: The right possessed by an heir or legatee of transmitting to his successor or successors any inheritance, legacy, right, or privilege, to which he is entitled, even if he should die without enjoying or exercising it.
TRANSMISSION DYNAMOMETER Trans*mis"sion dy`na*mom"e*ter. (Mach.)
Defn: A dynamometer in which power is measured, without being absorbed or used up, during transmission.
TRANSMISSIONIST Trans*mis"sion*ist, n.
Defn: An adherent of a theory, the transmission theory, that the brain serves to "transmit," rather than to originate, conclusions, and hence that consciousness may exist independently of the brain.
TRANSMISSIVE Trans*mis"sive, a.
Defn: Capable of being transmitted; derived, or handed down, from one to another. Itself a sun, it with transmissive light Enlivens worlds denied to human sight. Prior.
TRANSMIT Trans*mit", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transmitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Transmitting.] Etym: [L. transmittere, transmissum; trans across, over + mittere to send: cf. F. transmettre. See Missile.]
1. To cause to pass over or through; to communicate by sending; to send from one person or place to another; to pass on or down as by inheritance; as, to transmit a memorial; to transmit dispatches; to transmit money, or bills of exchange, from one country to another. The ancientest fathers must be next removed, as Clement of Alexandria, and that Eusebian book of evangelic preparation, transmitting our ears through a hoard of heathenish obscenities to receive the gospel. Milton. The scepter of that kingdom continued to be transmitted in the dynasty of Castile. Prescott.
2. To suffer to pass through; as, glass transmits light; metals transmit, or conduct, electricity.
TRANSMITTAL Trans*mit"tal, n.
Defn: Transmission. Swift.
TRANSMITTANCE Trans*mit"tance, n.
Defn: Transmission.
TRANSMITTER Trans*mit"ter, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, transmits; specifically, that portion of a telegraphic or telephonic instrument by means of which a message is sent; -- opposed to receiver.
TRANSMITTIBLE Trans*mit"ti*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being transmitted; transmissible.
TRANSMOGRIFICATION Trans*mog`ri*fi*ca"tion, n.
Defn: The act of transmogrifying, or the state of being transmogrified; transformation. [Colloq.] Clive, who wrote me about the transmogrification of our schoolfellow, an attorney's son. Thackeray.
TRANSMOGRIFY Trans*mog"ri*fy, v. t. Etym: [A humorous coinage.]
Defn: To change into a different shape; to transform. [Colloq.] Fielding.
TRANSMOVE Trans*move", v. t. Etym: [Pref. trans + move.]
Defn: To move or change from one state into another; to transform. [Obs.] Spenser.
TRANSMUTABILITY Trans*mu`ta*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. transmutabilité.]
Defn: The quality of being transmutable.
TRANSMUTABLE Trans*mut"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. transmutable. See Transmute.]
Defn: Capable of being transmuted or changed into a different substance, or into into something of a different form a nature; transformable. The fluids and solids of an animal body are easily transmutable into one another. Arbuthnot. -- Trans*mut"a*ble*ness, n. -- Trans*mut"a*bly, adv.
TRANSMUTATION Trans`mu*ta"tion, n. Etym: [F. transmutation, L. transmutatio. See Transmute.]
1. The act of transmuting, or the state of being transmuted; as, the transmutation of metals.
2. (Geom.)
Defn: The change or reduction of one figure or body into another of the same area or solidity, but of a different form, as of a triangle into a square. [R.]
3. (Biol.)
Defn: The change of one species into another, which is assumed to take place in any development theory of life; transformism. Bacon. Transmutation of metals (Alchem.), the conversion of base metals into gold or silver, a process often attempted by the alchemists. See Alchemy, and Philosopher's stone, under Philosopher.
TRANSMUTATIONIST Trans`mu*ta"tion*ist, n.
Defn: One who believes in the transmutation of metals or of species.
TRANSMUTE Trans*mute", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transmuted; p. pr. & vb. n. Transmuting.] Etym: [L. transmutare, transmutatum; trans across + mutare to change. See Mutable, and cf. Transmew.]
Defn: To change from one nature, form, or substance, into another; to transform. The caresses of parents and the blandishments of friends transmute us into idols. Buckminster. Transmuting sorrow into golden joy Free from alloy. H. Smith.
TRANSMUTER Trans*mut"er, n.
Defn: One who transmutes.
TRANSMUTUAL Trans*mu"tu*al, a. Etym: [Pref. trans + mutual.]
Defn: Reciprocal; commutual. [R.] Coleridge.
TRANSNATATION Trans`na*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. transnatare to swim over; trans across, over + natare to swim.]
Defn: The act of swimming across, as a river.
TRANSNATURE Trans*na"ture, v. t. Etym: [Pref. trans- + nature.]
Defn: To transfer or transform the nature of. [Obs.] We are transelemented, or transnatured. Jewel.
TRANSOM Tran"som, n. Etym: [Probably fr. L. transtrum a crossbeam, transom, from trans across. Cf. Trestle.]
1. (Arch.)
Defn: A horizontal crossbar in a window, over a door, or between a door and a window above it. Transom is the horizontal, as mullion is the vertical, bar across an opening. See Illust. of Mullion.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: One of the principal transverse timbers of the stern, bolted to the sternpost and giving shape to the stern structure; -- called also transsummer.
3. (Gun.)
Defn: The piece of wood or iron connecting the cheeks of some gun carriages.
4. (Surg.)
Defn: The vane of a cross-staff. Chambers.
5. (Railroad)
Defn: One of the crossbeams connecting the side frames of a truck with each other. Transom knees (Shipbuilding), knees bolted to the transoms and after timbers. -- Transom window. (Arch.) (a) A window divided horizontally by a transom or transoms. (b) A window over a door, with a transom between.
TRANSPADANE Trans"pa*dane`, a. Etym: [L. transpadanus; trans across + Padus the Po.]
Defn: Lying or being on the further side of the river Po with reference to Rome, that is, on the north side; -- opposed to cispadane.
TRANSPALATINE Trans*pal"a*tine, a. Etym: [Pref. trans- + palatine.] (Anat.)
Defn: Situated beyond or outside the palatine bone; -- said of a bone in the skull of some reptiles.
TRANSPARE Trans*pare", v. t. & i. Etym: [See Transparent.]
Defn: To be, or cause to be, transparent; to appear, or cause to appear, or be seen, through something. [Obs.] Stirling.
TRANSPARENCE Trans*par"ence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. transparence.]
Defn: The quality or state of being transparent; transparency.
TRANSPARENCY Trans*par"en*cy, n.; pl. Transparencies. Etym: [Cf. F. transparence.]
1. The quality or condition of being transparent; transparence.
2. That which is transparent; especially, a picture painted on thin cloth or glass, or impressed on porcelain, or the like, to be viewed by natural or artificial light, which shines through it. Fairholt.
TRANSPARENT Trans*par"ent, a. Etym: [F., from LL. transparens, -entis, p. pr. of transparere to be transparent; L. trans across, through + parere to appear. See Appear.]
1. Having the property of transmitting rays of light, so that bodies can be distinctly seen through; pervious to light; diaphanous; pellucid; as, transparent glass; a transparent diamond; -- opposed to Ant: opaque. "Transparent elemental air." Milton.
2. Admitting the passage of light; open; porous; as, a transparent veil. Dryden.
Syn. -- Translucent; pellucid; clear; bright; limpid; lucid; diaphanous. See Translucent. -- Trans*par"ent*ly, adv. -- Trans*par"ent*ness, n.
TRANSPASS Trans*pass", v. t. Etym: [Pref. trans- + pass: cf. LL. transpassare. Cf. Trespass.]
Defn: To pass over; as, Alexander transpassed the river. [Obs.] J. Gregory.
TRANSPASS Trans*pass", v. i.
Defn: To pass by; to pass away. [Obs.]
TRANSPASSABLE Trans*pass"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being transpassed, or crossed over. [Obs.]
TRANSPATRONIZE Trans*pat"ron*ize, v. t. Etym: [Trans- + patronize.]
Defn: To transfer the patronage of. [Obs.] Warner.
TRANSPECIATE Tran*spe"ci*ate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. trans- + L. species form.]
Defn: To change from one species to another; to transform. [Obs.] Power to transpeciate a man into a horse. Sir T. Browne.
TRANSPICUOUS Tran*spic"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. transpicere to see or look through + specere, spicere, to see. Cf. Conspicuous.]
Defn: Transparent; pervious to the sight. [R.] "The wide, transpicuous air." Milton.
TRANSPIERCE Trans*pierce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transpierced; p. pr. & vb. n. Transpiercing.] Etym: [Pref. trans- + pierce: cf. F. transpercer.]
Defn: To pierce through; to penetrate; to permeate; to pass through. The sides transpierced return a rattling sound. Dryden.
TRANSPIRABLE Tran*spir"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. transpirable.]
Defn: Capable of being transpired, or of transpiring.
TRANSPIRATION Tran`spi*ra"tion, n. Etym: [F. transpiration.]
1. (Physiol.)
Defn: The act or process of transpiring or excreting in the form of vapor; exhalation, as through the skin or other membranes of the body; as, pulmonary transpiration, or the excretion of aqueous vapor from the lungs. Perspiration is a form of transpiration. Cudworth.
2. (bot.)
Defn: The evaporation of water, or exhalation of aqueous vapor, from cells and masses of tissue.
3. (Physics)
Defn: The passing of gases through fine tubes, porous substances, or the like; as, transpiration through membranes.
TRANSPIRATORY Tran*spir"a*to*ry, a.
Defn: Of or relating to transpiration.
TRANSPIRE Tran*spire", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Transpired; p. pr. & vb. n. Transpiring.] Etym: [F. transpirer; L. trans across, through + spirare to breathe. See Spirit.]
1. (Physiol.)
Defn: To pass off in the form of vapor or insensible perspiration; to exhale.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: To evaporate from living cells.
3. To escape from secrecy; to become public; as, the proceedings of the council soon transpired. The story of Paulina's and Maximilian's mutual attachment had transpired through many of the travelers. De Quincey.
4. To happen or come to pass; to occur.
Note: This sense of the word, which is of comparatively recent introduction, is common in the United States, especially in the language of conversation and of newspaper writers, and is used to some extent in England. Its use, however, is censured by critics of both countries.
TRANSPIRE Tran*spire", v. t.
1. (Physiol.)
Defn: To excrete through the skin; to give off in the form of vapor; to exhale; to perspire.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: To evaporate (moisture) from living cells.
TRANSPLACE Trans*place", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transplaced; p. pr. & vb. n. Transplacing.] Etym: [Pref. trans- + place.]
Defn: To remove across some space; to put in an opposite or another place. [R.] It [an obelisk] was transplaced . . . from the left side of the Vatican into a more eminent place. Bp. Wilkins.
TRANSPLANT Trans*plant", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transplanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Transplanting.] Etym: [F. transplanter, L. transplantare; trans across, over + plantare to plant. See Plant.]
1. To remove, and plant in another place; as, to transplant trees. Dryden.
2. To remove, and settle or establish for residence in another place; as, to transplant inhabitants. Being transplanted out of his cold, barren diocese of St. David into a warmer climate. Clarendon.
TRANSPLANTATION Trans`plan*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. transplantation.]
1. The act of transplanting, or the state of being transplanted; also, removal. The transplantation of Ulysses to Sparta. Broome.
2. (Surg.)
Defn: The removal of tissues from a healthy part, and the insertion of them in another place where there is a lesion; as, the transplantation of tissues in autoplasty. 3. (Surg.)
Defn: The removal of a bodily organ or of tissues from one person, and the insertion of them into another person to replace a damaged organ or tissue; as, the transplantation of a heart, kidney, or liver.
TRANSPLANTER Trans*plant"er, n.
Defn: One who transplants; also, a machine for transplanting trees.
TRANSPLENDENCY Tran*splen"den*cy, n.
Defn: Quality or state of being transplendent. [R.] Dr. H. More.
TRANSPLENDENT Tran*splen"dent, a. Etym: [Trans- + splendent.]
Defn: Resplendent in the highest degree. [R.] -- Tran*splen"dent*ly, adv. [R.]
TRANSPORT Trans*port", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transported; p. pr. & vb. n. Transporting.] Etym: [F. transporter, L. transportare; trans across + portare to carry. See Port bearing, demeanor.]
1. To carry or bear from one place to another; to remove; to convey; as, to transport goods; to transport troops. Hakluyt.
2. To carry, or cause to be carried, into banishment, as a criminal; to banish.
3. To carry away with vehement emotion, as joy, sorrow, complacency, anger, etc.; to ravish with pleasure or ecstasy; as, music transports the soul. [They] laugh as if transported with some fit Of passion. Milton. We shall then be transported with a nobler . . . wonder. South.
TRANSPORT Trans"port, n. Etym: [F. See Transport, v.]
1. Transportation; carriage; conveyance. The Romans . . . stipulated with the Carthaginians to furnish them with ships for transport and war. Arbuthnot.
2. A vessel employed for transporting, especially for carrying soldiers, warlike stores, or provisions, from one place to another, or to convey convicts to their destination; -- called also transport ship, transport vessel.
3. Vehement emotion; passion; ecstasy; rapture. With transport views the airy rule his own, And swells on an imaginary throne. Pope. Say not, in transports of despair, That all your hopes are fled. Doddridge.
4. A convict transported, or sentenced to exile.
TRANSPORTABILITY Trans*port`a*bil"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being transportable.
TRANSPORTABLE Trans*port"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. transportable.]
1. Capable of being transported.
2. Incurring, or subject to, the punishment of transportation; as, a transportable offense.
TRANSPORTAL Trans*port"al, n.
Defn: Transportation; the act of removing from one locality to another. "The transportal of seeds in the wool or fur of quadrupeds." Darwin.
TRANSPORTANCE Trans*port"ance, n.
Defn: Transportation. [Obs.] "Give me swift transportance." Shak.
TRANSPORTANT Trans*port"ant, a.
Defn: Transporting; as, transportant love. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
TRANSPORTATION Trans`por*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. transportatio: cf. F. transportation.]
1. The act of transporting, or the state of being transported; carriage from one place to another; removal; conveyance. To provide a vessel for their transportation. Sir H. Wotton.
2. Transport; ecstasy. [R.] South.
TRANSPORTED Trans*port"ed, a.
Defn: Conveyed from one place to another; figuratively, carried away with passion or pleasure; entranced. -- Trans*port"ed*ly, adv. -- Trans*port"ed*ness, n.
TRANSPORTER Trans*port"er, n.
Defn: One who transports.
TRANSPORTING Trans*port"ing, a.
Defn: That transports; fig., ravishing. Your transporting chords ring out. Keble.
TRANSPORTINGLY Trans*port"ing*ly, adv.
Defn: So as to transport.
TRANSPORTMENT Trans*port"ment, n.
Defn: The act of transporting, or the state of being transported; transportation. [R.]
TRANSPOSABLE Trans*pos"a*ble, a.
Defn: That may transposed; as, a transposable phrase.
TRANSPOSAL Trans*pos"al, n.
Defn: The act of transposing, or the state of being transposed; transposition.
TRANSPOSE Trans*pose", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transposed; p. pr. & vb. n. Transposing.] Etym: [F. transposer; pref. trans- (L. trans across) + poser to put. See Pose.]
1. To change the place or order of; to substitute one for the other of; to exchange, in respect of position; as, to transpose letters, words, or propositions.
2. To change; to transform; to invert. [R.] Things base and vile, holding no quantity, Love can transpose to form and dignity. Shak.
3. (Alg.)
Defn: To bring, as any term of an equation, from one side over to the other, without destroying the equation; thus, if a + b = c, and we make a = c - b, then b is said to be transposed.
4. (Gram.)
Defn: To change the natural order of, as words.
5. (Mus.)
Defn: To change the key of.
TRANSPOSER Trans*pos"er, n.
Defn: One who transposes.
TRANSPOSITION Trans`po*si"tion, n. Etym: [F. transposition, from L. transponere, transpositum, to set over, remove, transfer; trans across, over + ponere to place. See Position.]
Defn: The act of transposing, or the state of being transposed. Specifically: --(a) (Alg.)
Defn: The bringing of any term of an equation from one side over to the other without destroying the equation. (b) (Gram.) A change of the natural order of words in a sentence; as, the Latin and Greek languages admit transposition, without inconvenience, to a much greater extent than the English. (c) (Mus.) A change of a composition into another key.
TRANSPOSITIONAL Trans`po*si"tion*al, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to transposition; involving transposition. Pegge.
TRANSPOSITIVE Trans*pos"i*tive, a.
Defn: Made by transposing; consisting in transposition; transposable.
TRANSPRINT Trans*print", v. t. Etym: [Pref. trans- + print.]
Defn: To transfer to the wrong place in printing; to print out of place. [R.] Coleridge.
TRANSPROSE Trans*prose", v. t. Etym: [Pref. trans- + prose.]
Defn: To change from prose into verse; to versify; also, to change from verse into prose. [Obs.] Dryden.
TRANSREGIONATE Trans*re"gion*ate, a. Etym: [Pref. trans- + region.]
Defn: Foreign. [Obs.] Holinshed.
TRANSSHAPE Trans*shape", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transshaped; p. pr. & vb. n. Transshaping.] Etym: [Pref.trans- + shape.]
Defn: To change into another shape or form; to transform. [Written also transhape.] Shak.
TRANSSHIP Trans*ship", v. t. Etym: [Pref. trans- + ship.]
Defn: To transfer from one ship or conveyance to another. [Written also tranship.]
TRANSSHIPMENT Trans*ship"ment, n.
Defn: The act of transshipping, or transferring, as goods, from one ship or conveyance to another. [Written also transhipment.]
TRANSSUMMER Trans"sum`mer, n. (Naut.)
Defn: See Transom, 2.
TRANSUBSTANTIATE Tran`sub*stan"ti*ate, v. t. Etym: [LL. transubstantiatus, p. p. of transubstantiare to transubstantiate; L. trans across, over + substantia substance. See Substance.]
1. To change into another substance. [R.] The spider love which transubstantiates all, And can convert manna to gall. Donne.
2. (R. C. Theol.)
Defn: To change, as the sacramental elements, bread and wine, into the flesh and blood of Christ.
TRANSUBSTANTIATION Tran`sub*stan`ti*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. transubstantiatio: cf. F. transsubstantiation.]
1. A change into another substance.
2. (R. C. Theol.)
Defn: The doctrine held by Roman Catholics, that the bread and wine in the Mass is converted into the body and blood of Christ; -- distinguished from consubstantiation, and impanation.
TRANSUBSTANTIATOR Tran`sub*stan"ti*a`tor, n. Etym: [Cf. F. transsubstantiateur.]
Defn: One who maintains the doctrine of transubstantiation. Barrow.
TRANSUDATION Tran`su*da"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. transsudation.]
1. The act or process of transuding.
2. (Physics)
Defn: Same as Exosmose.
TRANSUDATORY Tran*su"da*to*ry, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to transudation; passing by transudation.
TRANSUDE Tran*sude", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Transuded; p. pr. & vb. n. Transuding.] Etym: [Pref. trans- + L. sudare to sweat: cf. F. transsuder.]
Defn: To pass, as perspirable matter does, through the pores or interstices of textures; as, liquor may transude through leather or wood.
TRANSUME Tran*sume", v. t. Etym: [L. transumere, transsumere, to take from one to another; trans across + sumere to take.]
Defn: To change; to convert. [R.] Crashaw.
TRANSUMPT Tran*sumpt", n. Etym: [L. transumere, transumptum, to take from one to another, in LL., to transcribe. See Transume.]
Defn: A copy or exemplification of a record. [Obs.] Lord Herbert.
TRANSUMPTION Tran*sump"tion, n. Etym: [L. transumptio.]
Defn: Act of taking from one place to another. [R.] South.
TRANSUMPTIVE Tran*sump"tive, a. Etym: [L. transumptivus.]
Defn: Taking from one to another; metaphorical. [R.] "A transumptive kind of speech." Drayton. Fictive, descriptive, digressive, transumptive, and withal definitive. Lowell.
TRANSVASATE Trans*va"sate, v. t. Etym: [See Transvasation.]
Defn: To pour out of one vessel into another. [Obs.] Cudworth.
TRANSVASATION Trans`va*sa"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. trans- + L. vas, vasis, vessel.]
Defn: The act or process of pouring out of one vessel into another. [Obs.] Holland.
TRANSVECTION Trans*vec"tion, n. Etym: [L. transvectio, from transvehere to carry across; trans across + vehere to carry.]
Defn: The act of conveying or carrying over. [R.]
TRANSVERBERATE Trans*ver"ber*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. transverberatus, p. p. of transverberare to strike or pierce through.]
Defn: To beat or strike through. [Obs.]
TRANSVERSAL Trans*ver"sal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. transversal. See Transverse.]
Defn: Running or lying across; transverse; as, a transversal line. -- Trans*ver"sal*ly, adv.
TRANSVERSAL Trans*ver"sal, n. Etym: [Cf. F. transversale.] (Geom.)
Defn: A straight line which traverses or intersects any system of other lines, as a line intersecting the three sides of a triangle or the sides produced.
TRANSVERSE Trans*verse", a. Etym: [L. transversus, p. p. of transvertere to turn on direct across; trans across + vertere to turn: cf. F. transverse. See Verse, and cf. Traverse.]
Defn: Lying or being across, or in a crosswise direction; athwart; -- often opposed to Ant: longitudinal. Transverse axis (of an ellipse or hyperbola) (Geom.), that axis which passes through the foci. -- Transverse partition (Bot.), a partition, as of a pericarp, at right angles with the valves, as in the siliques of mustard.
TRANSVERSE Trans"verse, n.
1. Anything that is transverse or athwart.
2. (Geom.)
Defn: The longer, or transverse, axis of an ellipse.
TRANSVERSE Trans*verse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transversed; p. pr. & vb. n. Transversing.]
Defn: To overturn; to change. [R.] C. Leslie.
TRANSVERSE Trans*verse", v. t. Etym: [Pref. trans- + verse, n. Cf.Transpose.]
Defn: To change from prose into verse, or from verse into prose. [Obs.] Duke of Buckingham.
TRANSVERSELY Trans*verse"ly, adv.
Defn: In a transverse manner.
TRANSVERSION Trans*ver"sion, n.
Defn: The act of changing from prose into verse, or from verse into prose.
TRANSVERT Trans*vert", v. t. Etym: [L. transvertere. See Transverse, a.]
Defn: To cause to turn across; to transverse. [Obs.] Craft of Lovers (1448).
TRANSVERTIBLE Trans*vert"i*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being transverted. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
TRANSVOLATION Trans`vo*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. transvolare to fly over or across; trans across + volare to fly.]
Defn: The act of flying beyond or across. Jer. Taylor.
TRANT Trant, v. i. Etym: [Cf. OD. tranten to walk slowly, LG. & D. trant walk, pace.]
Defn: To traffic in an itinerary manner; to peddle. [Written also traunt.] [Obs.]
TRANTER Trant"er, n.
Defn: One who trants; a peddler; a carrier. [Written also traunter.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
TRAP Trap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trapped; p. pr. & vb. n. Trapping.] Etym: [Akin to OE. trappe trappings, and perhaps from an Old French word of the same origin as E. drab a kind of cloth.]
Defn: To dress with ornaments; to adorn; -- said especially of horses. Steeds . . . that trapped were in steel all glittering. Chaucer. To deck his hearse, and trap his tomb-black steed. Spenser. There she found her palfrey trapped In purple blazoned with armorial gold. Tennyson.
TRAP Trap, n. Etym: [Sw. trapp; akin to trappa stairs, Dan. trappe, G. treppe, D. trap; -- so called because the rocks of this class often occur in large, tabular masses, rising above one another, like steps. See Tramp.] (Geol.)
Defn: An old term rather loosely used to designate various dark- colored, heavy igneous rocks, including especially the feldspathic- augitic rocks, basalt, dolerite, amygdaloid, etc., but including also some kinds of diorite. Called also trap rock. Trap tufa, Trap tuff, a kind of fragmental rock made up of fragments and earthy materials from trap rocks.
TRAP Trap, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to trap rock; as, a trap dike.
TRAP Trap, n. Etym: [OE. trappe, AS. treppe; akin to OD.trappe, OHG. trapo; probably fr. the root of E. tramp, as that which is trod upon: cf. F. trappe, which is trod upon: cf. F. trappe, which perhaps influenced the English word.]
1. A machine or contrivance that shuts suddenly, as with a spring, used for taking game or other animals; as, a trap for foxes. She would weep if that she saw a mouse Caught in a trap. Chaucer.
2. Fig.: A snare; an ambush; a stratagem; any device by which one may be caught unawares. Let their table be made a snare and a trap. Rom. xi. 9. God and your majesty Protect mine innocence, or I fall into The trap is laid for me! Shak.
3. A wooden instrument shaped somewhat like a shoe, used in the game of trapball. It consists of a pivoted arm on one end of which is placed the ball to be thrown into the air by striking the other end. Also, a machine for throwing into the air glass balls, clay pigeons, etc., to be shot at.
4. The game of trapball.
5. A bend, sag, or partitioned chamber, in a drain, soil pipe, sewer, etc., arranged so that the liquid contents form a seal which prevents passage of air or gas, but permits the flow of liquids.
6. A place in a water pipe, pump, etc., where air accumulates for want of an outlet.
7. A wagon, or other vehicle. [Colloq.] Thackeray.
8. A kind of movable stepladder. Knight. Trap stairs, a staircase leading to a trapdoor. -- Trap tree (Bot.) the jack; -- so called because it furnishes a kind of birdlime. See 1st Jack.
TRAP Trap, v. t. Etym: [AS. treppan. See Trap a snare.]
1. To catch in a trap or traps; as, to trap foxes.
2. Fig.: To insnare; to take by stratagem; to entrap. "I trapped the foe." Dryden.
3. To provide with a trap; to trap a drain; to trap a sewer pipe. See 4th Trap, 5.
TRAP Trap, v. i.
Defn: To set traps for game; to make a business of trapping game; as, to trap for beaver.
TRAPAN Tra*pan", n. Etym: [OF. trappan. See Trap, and cf. Trepan a snare.]
Defn: A snare; a stratagem; a trepan. See 3d Trepan. South.
TRAPAN Tra*pan", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trapanned; p. pr. & vb. n. Trapanning.]
Defn: To insnare; to catch by stratagem; to entrap; to trepan. Having some of his people trapanned at Baldivia. Anson.
TRAPANNER Tra*pan"ner, n.
Defn: One who trapans, or insnares.
TRAPBALL Trap"ball`, n.
Defn: An old game of ball played with a trap. See 4th Trap, 4.
TRAPDOOR Trap"door`, n.
1. (Arch.)
Defn: A lifting or sliding door covering an opening in a roof or floor.
2. (Mining)
Defn: A door in a level for regulating the ventilating current; -- called also weather door. Raymond. Trapdoor spider (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large spiders which make a nest consisting of a vertical hole in the earth, lined with a hinged lid, like a trapdoor. Most of the species belong to the genus Cteniza, as the California species (C. Californica).
TRAPE Trape, v. i. Etym: [See Tramp, and cf. Traipse.]
Defn: To walk or run about in an idle or slatternly manner; to traipse. [Obs. or Colloq.]
TRAPES Trapes, n. Etym: [See Trape.]
Defn: A slattern; an idle, sluttish, or untidy woman. [Obs. or Colloq.]
TRAPES Trapes, v. i.
Defn: To go about in an idle or slatternly fashion; to trape; to traipse. [Colloq.] Thackeray.
TRAPEZATE Trap"e*zate, a. Etym: [See Trapezium.]
Defn: Having the form of a trapezium; trapeziform.
TRAPEZE Tra*peze", n. Etym: [Cf. F. trapèze.]
1. (Geom.)
Defn: A trapezium. See Trapezium, 1.
2. A swinging horizontal bar, suspended at each end by a rope; -- used by gymnasts.
TRAPEZIFORM Tra*pe"zi*form, a. Etym: [Trapezium + -form: cf. F. trapéziforme.]
Defn: Having the form of a trapezium; trapezoid.
TRAPEZIUM Tra*pe"zi*um, n.; pl. E. Trapeziums, L. Trapezia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Tetra-) + Foot.]
1. (Geom.)
Defn: A plane figure bounded by four right lines, of which no two are parallel.
2. (Anat.) (a) A bone of the carpus at the base of the first metacarpal, or thumb. (b) A region on the ventral side of the brain, either just back of the pons Varolii, or, as in man, covered by the posterior extension of its transverse fibers.
TRAPEZOHEDRAL Trap`e*zo*he"dral, a.
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a trapezohedron.
TRAPEZOHEDRON Trap`e*zo*he"dron, n. Etym: [NL., from trapezium + Gr. (Crystalloq.) (a) A solid bounded by twenty-four equal and similar trapeziums; a tetragonal trisoctahedron. See the Note under Trisoctahedron. (b) A tetartohedral solid of the hexagonal system, bounded by six trapezoidal planes. The faces of this form are common on quartz crystals.
TRAPEZOID Trap"e*zoid, n. Etym: [Gr. trapézoïde. See Trapezium.]
1. (Geom.)
Defn: A plane four-sided figure, having two sides parallel to each other.
2. (Anat.)
Defn: A bone of the carpus at the base of the second metacarpal, or index finger.
TRAPEZOID Trap"e*zoid, a.
1. Having the form of a trapezoid; trapezoidal; as, the trapezoid ligament which connects the coracoid process and the clavicle.
2. (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the trapezoid ligament; as, the trapezoid line.
TRAPEZOIDAL Trap`e*zoid"al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. trapézoïdal.]
1. Having the form of a trapezoid; trapezoid.
2. (Min.)
Defn: Tranpezohedral.
TRAPHOLE Trap"hole, n. (Mil.)
Defn: See Trou-de-loup.
TRAPPEAN Trap"pe*an, a. Etym: [Cf. F. trappéen. See Trap a kind of rock.] (Min.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to trap; being of the nature of trap.
TRAPPER Trap"per, n. Etym: [From Trap to insnare.]
1. One who traps animals; one who makes a business of trapping animals for their furs. W. Irving.
2. (Mining)
Defn: A boy who opens and shuts a trapdoor in a gallery or level. Raymond.
TRAPPINGS Trap"pings, n. pl. Etym: [From Trap to dress with ornaments.]
1. That which serves to trap or adorn; ornaments; dress; superficial decorations. Trappings of life, for ornament, not use. Dryden. These but the trappings and the suits of woe. Shak.
2. Specifically, ornaments to be put on horses. Caparisons and steeds, Bases and tinsel trappings. Milton.
TRAPPIST Trap"pist, n. Etym: [F. trappiste.] (R. C. Ch.)
Defn: A monk belonging to a branch of the Cistercian Order, which was established by Armand de Rancé in 1660 at the monastery of La Trappe in Normandy. Extreme austerity characterizes their discipline. They were introduced permanently into the United States in 1848, and have monasteries in Iowa and Kentucky.
TRAPPOUS Trap"pous, n. Etym: [From Trap a kind of rock.] (Min.)
Defn: Of or performance to trap; resembling trap, or partaking of its form or qualities; trappy.
TRAPPURES Trap"pures, n. pl. Etym: [See Trap to dress.]
Defn: Trappings for a horse. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TRAPPY Trap"py, a. (Min.)
Defn: Same as Trappous.
TRAPS Traps, n. pl. Etym: [See Trappings, and Trap to dress.]
Defn: Small or portable articles for dress, furniture, or use; goods; luggage; things. [Colloq.]
TRAP SHOOTING Trap shooting. (Sport)
Defn: Shooting at pigeons liberated, or glass balls or clay pigeons sprung into the air, from a trap. -- Trap shooter.
TRAPSTICK Trap"stick`, n.
Defn: A stick used in playing the game of trapball; hence, fig., a slender leg. Addison.
TRASH Trash, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. tros rubbish, leaves, and twigs picked up for fuel, trassi a slovenly fellow, Sw. trasa a rag, tatter.]
1. That which is worthless or useless; rubbish; refuse. Who steals my purse steals trash. Shak. A haunch of venison would be trash to a Brahmin. Landor.
2. Especially, loppings and leaves of trees, bruised sugar cane, or the like.
Note: In the West Indies, the decayed leaves and stems of canes are called field trash; the bruised or macerated rind of canes is called cane trash; and both are called trash. B. Edwards.
3. A worthless person. [R.] Shak.
4. A collar, leash, or halter used to restrain a dog in pursuing game. Markham. Trash ice, crumbled ice mixed with water.
TRASH Trash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Trashing.]
1. To free from trash, or worthless matter; hence, to lop; to crop, as to trash the rattoons of sugar cane. B. Edwards.
2. To treat as trash, or worthless matter; hence, to spurn, humiliate, or crush. [Obs.]
3. To hold back by a trash or leash, as a dog in pursuing game; hence, to retard, encumber, or restrain; to clog; to hinder vexatiously. [R.] Beau. & Fl.
TRASH Trash, v. i.
Defn: To follow with violence and trampling. [R.] The Puritan (1607).
TRASHILY Trash"i*ly, adv.
Defn: In a trashy manner.
TRASHINESS Trash"i*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being trashy.
TRASHY Trash"y, a. [Compar. Trashier; superl. Trashiest.]
Defn: Like trash; containing much trash; waste; rejected; worthless; useless; as, a trashy novel.
TRASS Trass, n. Etym: [D. tras or Gr. trass, probably fr. It. terrazzo terrace. See Terrace.] (Geol.)
Defn: A white to gray volcanic tufa, formed of decomposed trachytic cinders; -- sometimes used as a cement. Hence, a coarse sort of plaster or mortar, durable in water, and used to line cisterns and other reservoirs of water. [Formerly written also tarras, tarrace, terras.]
Note: The Dutch trass is made by burning and grinding a soft grayish rock found on the lower Rhine.
TRAULISM Trau"lism, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: A stammering or stuttering. [Obs.] Dalgarno.
TRAUMATIC Trau*mat"ic, a. Etym: [L. traumaticus, Gr. traumatique.] (Med.) (a) Of or pertaining to wounds; applied to wounds. Coxe. (b) Adapted to the cure of wounds; vulnerary. Wiseman. (c) Produced by wounds; as, traumatic tetanus. -- n.
Defn: A traumatic medicine.
TRAUMATISM Trau"ma*tism, n. (Med.)
Defn: A wound or injury directly produced by causes external to the body; also, violence producing a wound or injury; as, rupture of the stomach caused by traumatism.
TRAUNCE Traunce, n. & v.
Defn: See Trance. [Obs.]
TRAUNT Traunt, v. i.
Defn: Same as Trant. [Obs.]
TRAUNTER Traunt"er, n.
Defn: Same as Tranter. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
TRAVAIL Trav"ail (; 48), n. Etym: [F. travail; cf. Pr. trabalh, trebalh, toil, torment, torture; probably from LL. trepalium a place where criminals are tortured, instrument of torture. But the French word may be akin to L. trabs a beam, or have been influenced by a derivative from trabs (cf. Trave). Cf. Travel.]
1. Labor with pain; severe toil or exertion. As everything of price, so this doth require travail. Hooker.
2. Parturition; labor; as, an easy travail.
TRAVAIL Trav"ail, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Travailed; p. pr. & vb. n. Travailing.] Etym: [F. travailler, OF. traveillier, travaillier, to labor, toil, torment; cf. Pr. trebalhar to torment, agitate. See Travail, n.]
1. To labor with pain; to toil. [Archaic] "Slothful persons which will not travail for their livings." Latimer.
2. To suffer the pangs of childbirth; to be in labor.
TRAVAIL Trav"ail, v. t
Defn: To harass; to tire. [Obs.] As if all these troubles had not been sufficient to travail the realm, a great division fell among the nobility. Hayward.
TRAVAILOUS Trav"ail*ous, a.
Defn: Causing travail; laborious. [Obs.] Wyclif. -- Trav"ail*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.] Wyclif.
TRAVE Trave, n. Etym: [Through French, fr. L. trabs, trabis, a beam; cf. OF. tref a beam, also F. travail a frame to confine a horse, OE. trave, trevys, travise, It. travaglio, F. travée the space between two beams.]
1. (Arch.)
Defn: A crossbeam; a lay of joists. Maundrell.
2. A wooden frame to confine an unruly horse or ox while shoeing. She sprung as a colt doth in the trave. Chaucer.
TRAVEL Trav"el, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Traveled or Travelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Traveling or Travelling.] Etym: [Properly, to labor, and the same word as travail.]
1. To labor; to travail. [Obsoles.] Hooker.
2. To go or march on foot; to walk; as, to travel over the city, or through the streets.
3. To pass by riding, or in any manner, to a distant place, or to many places; to journey; as, a man travels for his health; he is traveling in California.
4. To pass; to go; to move. Time travels in divers paces with divers persons. Shak.
TRAVEL Trav"el, v. t.
1. To journey over; to traverse; as, to travel the continent. "I travel this profound." Milton.
2. To force to journey. [R.] They shall not be traveled forth of their own franchises. Spenser.
TRAVEL Trav"el, n.
1. The act of traveling, or journeying from place to place; a journey. With long travel I am stiff and weary. Shak. His travels ended at his country seat. Dryden.
2. pl.
Defn: An account, by a traveler, of occurrences and observations during a journey; as, a book of travels; -- often used as the title of a book; as, Travels in Italy.
3. (Mach.)
Defn: The length of stroke of a reciprocating piece; as, the travel of a slide valve.
4. Labor; parturition; travail. [Obs.]
TRAVELED Trav"eled, a.
Defn: Having made journeys; having gained knowledge or experience by traveling; hence, knowing; experienced. [Written also travelled.] The traveled thane, Athenian Aberdeen. Byron.
TRAVELER Trav"el*er, n. Etym: [Written also traveler.]
1. One who travels; one who has traveled much.
2. A commercial agent who travels for the purpose of receiving orders for merchants, making collections, etc.
3. (Mach.)
Defn: A traveling crane. See under Crane.
4. (Spinning)
Defn: The metal loop which travels around the ring surrounding the bobbin, in a ring spinner.
5. (Naut.)
Defn: An iron encircling a rope, bar, spar, or the like, and sliding thereon. Traveler's joy (Bot.), the Clematis vitalba, a climbing plant with white flowers. -- Traveler's tree. (Bot.) See Ravenala.
TRAVEL-TAINTED Trav"el-taint`ed, a.
Defn: Harassed; fatigued with travel. [Obs.] Shak.
TRAVERS Trav"ers, adv. Etym: [F. travers, breadth, extent from side, à travers, en travers, de travers, across, athwart. See Traverse, a.]
Defn: Across; athwart. [Obs.] The earl . . . caused . . . high trees to be hewn down, and laid travers one over another. Ld. Berners.
TRAVERSABLE Trav"ers*a*ble, a.
1. Capable of being traversed, or passed over; as, a traversable region.
2. Deniable; specifically (Law), liable to legal objection; as, a traversable presentment. Sir M. Hale.
TRAVERSE Trav"erse, a. Etym: [OF. travers, L. transversus, p. p. of transvertere to turn or direct across. See Transverse, and cf. Travers.]
Defn: Lying across; being in a direction across something else; as, paths cut with traverse trenches. Oak . . . being strong in all positions, may be better trusted in cross and traverse work. Sir H. Wotton. The ridges of the fallow field traverse. Hayward. Traverse drill (Mach.), a machine tool for drilling slots, in which the work or tool has a lateral motion back and forth; also, a drilling machine in which the spindle holder can be adjusted laterally.
TRAVERSE Trav"erse, adv.
Defn: Athwart; across; crosswise.
TRAVERSE Trav"erse, n. Etym: [F. traverse. See Traverse, a.]
1. Anything that traverses, or crosses. Specifically: -- (a) Something that thwarts, crosses, or obstructs; a cross accident; as, he would have succeeded, had it not been for unlucky traverses not under his control. (b) A barrier, sliding door, movable screen, curtain, or the like. Men drinken and the travers draw anon. Chaucer. And the entrance of the king, The first traverse was drawn. F. Beaumont. (c) (Arch.)
Defn: A gallery or loft of communication from side to side of a church or other large building. Gwilt. (d) (Fort.) A work thrown up to intercept an enfilade, or reverse fire, along exposed passage, or line of work. (e) (Law) A formal denial of some matter of fact alleged by the opposite party in any stage of the pleadings. The technical words introducing a traverse are absque hoc, without this; that is, without this which follows. (f) (Naut.) The zigzag course or courses made by a ship in passing from one place to another; a compound course. (g) (Geom.) A line lying across a figure or other lines; a transversal. (h) (Surv.) A line surveyed across a plot of ground. (i) (Gun.) The turning of a gun so as to make it point in any desired direction.
2. A turning; a trick; a subterfuge. [Obs.] To work, or solve, a traverse (Naut.), to reduce a series of courses or distances to an equivalent single one; to calculate the resultant of a traverse. -- Traverse board (Naut.), a small board hung in the steerage, having the points of the compass marked on it, and for each point as many holes as there are half hours in a watch. It is used for recording the courses made by the ship in each half hour, by putting a peg in the corresponding hole. -- Traverse jury (Law), a jury that tries cases; a petit jury. -- Traverse sailing (Naut.), a sailing by compound courses; the method or process of finding the resulting course and distance from a series of different shorter courses and distances actually passed over by a ship. -- Traverse table. (a) (Naut. & Surv.) A table by means of which the difference of latitude and departure corresponding to any given course and distance may be found by inspection. It contains the lengths of the two sides of a right-angled triangle, usually for every quarter of a degree of angle, and for lengths of the hypothenuse, from 1 to 100. (b) (Railroad) A platform with one or more tracks, and arranged to move laterally on wheels, for shifting cars, etc., from one line of track to another.
TRAVERSE Trav"erse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Traversed; p. pr. & vb. n. Traversing.] Etym: [Cf. F. traverser. See Traverse, a.]
1. To lay in a cross direction; to cross. The parts should be often traversed, or crossed, by the flowing of the folds. Dryden.
2. To cross by way of opposition; to thwart with obstacles; to obstruct; to bring to naught. I can not but . . . admit the force of this reasoning, which I yet hope to traverse. Sir W. Scott.
3. To wander over; to cross in traveling; as, to traverse the habitable globe. What seas you traversed, and what fields you fought. Pope.
4. To pass over and view; to survey carefully. My purpose is to traverse the nature, principles, and properties of this detestable vice -- ingratitude. South.
5. (Gun.)
Defn: To turn to the one side or the other, in order to point in any direction; as, to traverse a cannon.
6. (Carp.)
Defn: To plane in a direction across the grain of the wood; as, to traverse a board.
7. (Law)
Defn: To deny formally, as what the opposite party has alleged. When the plaintiff or defendant advances new matter, he avers it to be true, and traverses what the other party has affirmed. To traverse an indictment or an office is to deny it. And save the expense of long litigious laws, Where suits are traversed, and so little won That he who conquers is but last undone. Dryden. To traverse a yard (Naut.), to brace it fore and aft.
TRAVERSE Trav"erse, v. i.
1. To use the posture or motions of opposition or counteraction, as in fencing. To see thee fight, to see thee foin, to see thee traverse. Shak.
2. To turn, as on a pivot; to move round; to swivel; as, the needle of a compass traverses; if it does not traverse well, it is an unsafe guide.
3. To tread or move crosswise, as a horse that throws his croup to one side and his head to the other.
TRAVERSE DRILL Trav"erse drill. (Mach.)
Defn: A machine tool for drilling slots, in which the work or tool has a lateral motion back and forth; also, a drilling machine in which the spindle holder can be adjusted laterally.
TRAVERSER Trav"ers*er, n.
1. One who, or that which, traverses, or moves, as an index on a scale, and the like.
2. (Law)
Defn: One who traverses, or denies.
3. (Railroad)
Defn: A traverse table. See under Traverse, n.
TRAVERSING Trav"ers*ing, a.
Defn: Adjustable laterally; having a lateral motion, or a swinging motion; adapted for giving lateral motion. Traversing plate (Mil.), one of two thick iron plates at the hinder part of a gun carriage, where the handspike is applied in traversing the piece. Wilhelm. -- Traversing platform (Mil.), a platform for traversing guns.
TRAVERTINE Trav"er*tine, n. Etym: [F. travertin, It. travertino, tiburtino, L. lapis Tiburtinus, fr. Tibur an ancient town of Latium, now Tivoli.] (Min.)
Defn: A white concretionary form of calcium carbonate, usually hard and semicrystalline. It is deposited from the water of springs or streams holding lime in solution. Extensive deposits exist at Tivoli, near Rome.
TRAVESTY Trav"es*ty, a. Etym: [F. travesti, p. p. of travestir to disguise, to travesty, It. travestire, fr. L. trans across, over + vestire to dress, clothe. See Vest.]
Defn: Disguised by dress so as to be ridiculous; travestied; -- applied to a book or shorter composition. [R.]
TRAVESTY Trav"es*ty, n.; pl. Travesties (.
Defn: A burlesque translation or imitation of a work. The second edition is not a recast, but absolutely a travesty of the first. De Quincey.
TRAVESTY Trav"es*ty, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Travestied; p. pr. & vb. n. Travesting.]
Defn: To translate, imitate, or represent, so as to render ridiculous or ludicrous. I see poor Lucan travestied, not appareled in his Roman toga, but under the cruel shears of an English tailor. Bentley.
TRAVOIS Tra`vois", n. [Cf. Travail.]
1. A primitive vehicle, common among the North American Indians, usually two trailing poles serving as shafts and bearing a platform or net for a load.
On the plains they will have horses dragging travoises; dogs with travoises, women and children loaded with impediments. Julian Ralph.
2. A logging sled. [Northern U. S. & Canada]
TRAWL Trawl, v. i. Etym: [OF. trauler, troller, F. trôter, to drag about, to stroll about; probably of Teutonic origin. Cf. Troll, v. t.]
Defn: To take fish, or other marine animals, with a trawl.
TRAWL Trawl, n.
1. A fishing line, often extending a mile or more, having many short lines bearing hooks attached to it. It is used for catching cod, halibut, etc.; a boulter. [U. S. & Canada]
2. A large bag net attached to a beam with iron frames at its ends, and dragged at the bottom of the sea, -- used in fishing, and in gathering forms of marine life from the sea bottom.
TRAWLBOAT Trawl"boat`, n.
Defn: A boat used in fishing with trawls or trawlnets.
TRAWLER Trawl"er, n.
1. One who, or that which, trawls.
2. A fishing vessel which trails a net behind it.
TRAWLERMAN Trawl"er*man, n.; pl. Trawlermen (.
Defn: A fisherman who used unlawful arts and engines to catch fish. [Obs.] Cowell.
TRAWLNET Trawl"net`, n.
Defn: Same as Trawl, n., 2.
TRAWLWARP Trawl"warp`, n.
Defn: A rope passing through a block, used in managing or dragging a trawlnet.
TRAY Tray, v. t. Etym: [OF. traïr, F. trahir, L. tradere. See Traitor.]
Defn: To betray; to deceive. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TRAY Tray, n.; pl. Trays. Etym: [OE. treye, AS. treg. Cf. Trough.]
1. A small trough or wooden vessel, sometimes scooped out of a block of wood, for various domestic uses, as in making bread, chopping meat, etc.
2. A flat, broad vessel on which dishes, glasses, etc., are carried; a waiter; a salver.
3. A shallow box, generally without a top, often used within a chest, trunk, box, etc., as a removable receptacle for small or light articles.
TRAYFUL Tray"ful, n.; pl. Trayfuls (.
Defn: As much as a tray will hold; enough to fill a tray.
TRAYS Trays, n. pl. [Obs.]
Defn: See Trais. Chaucer.
TRAY-TRIP Tray"-trip`, n. Etym: [From Trey a three.]
Defn: An old game played with dice. [Obs.] Shak.
TREACHER Treach"er, n. Etym: [OE. trichour, trichur, OF. tricheor deceiver, traitor, F. tricheur a cheat at play, a trickster. See Treachery.]
Defn: A traitor; a cheat. [Obs.] Treacher and coward both. Beau. & Fl.
TREACHEROUS Treach"er*ous, a. Etym: [See Treacher.]
Defn: Like a traitor; involving treachery; violating allegiance or faith pledged; traitorous to the state or sovereign; perfidious in private life; betraying a trust; faithless. Loyal father of a treacherous son. Shak. The treacherous smile, a mask for secret hate. Cowper.
Syn. -- Faithless; perfidious; traitorous; false; insidious; plotting. -- Treach"er*ous*ly, adv. -- Treach"er*ous*ness, n.
TREACHERY Treach"er*y, n. Etym: [OE. trecherïe, trichere, OF. trecherie, tricherie, F. tricherie trickery, from tricher to cheat, to trick, OF. trichier, trechier; probably of Teutonic origin. See Trickery, Trick.]
Defn: Violation of allegiance or of faith and confidence; treasonable or perfidious conduct; perfidy; treason.
Be ware, ye lords, of their treachery. Chaucer. In the council chamber at Edinburgh, he had contracted a deep taint of treachery and corruption. Macaulay.
TREACHETOUR; TREACHOUR Treach"e*tour, Treach"our, n. Etym: [See Treacher.]
Defn: A traitor. [Obs.] "Treachour full of false despite." Spenser.
TREACLE Trea"cle (tre"k'l), n. Etym: [OE. triacle a sovereign remedy, theriac, OF. triacle, F. thériaque (cf. Pr. triacla, tiriaca, Sp. & It. triaca, teriaca), L. theriaca an antidote against the bite of poisonous animals, Gr. qhri`on a beast, a wild beast, dim. of qh`r a beast. Cf. Theriac.]
1. (Old Med.)
Defn: A remedy against poison. See Theriac, 1. We kill the viper, and make treacle of him. Jer. Taylor.
2. A sovereign remedy; a cure. [Obs.] Christ which is to every harm treacle. Chaucer .
3. Molasses; sometimes, specifically, the molasses which drains from the sugar-refining molds, and which is also called sugarhouse molasses.
Note: In the United States molasses is the common name; in England, treacle.
4. A saccharine fluid, consisting of the inspissated juices or decoctions of certain vegetables, as the sap of the birch, sycamore, and the like. Treacle mustard (Bot.), a name given to several species of the cruciferous genus Erysimum, especially the E. cheiranthoides, which was formerly used as an ingredient in Venice treacle, or theriac. -- Treacle water, a compound cordial prepared in different ways from a variety of ingredients, as hartshorn, roots of various plants, flowers, juices of plants, wines, etc., distilled or digested with Venice treacle. It was formerly regarded as a medicine of great virtue. Nares. Venice treacle. (Old Med.) Same as Theriac, 1.
TREACLY Trea"cly, a.
Defn: Like, or composed of, treacle.
TREAD Tread, v. i. [imp. Trod; p. p. Trodden, Trod; p. pr. & vb. n. Treading.] Etym: [OE. treden, AS. tredan; akin to OFries. treda, OS. tredan, D. & LG. treden, G. treten, OHG. tretan, Icel. tro, Sw. tråda, träda, Dan. træde, Goth. trudan, and perhaps ultimately to F. tramp; cf. Gr. dram to run. Cf. Trade, Tramp, Trot.]
1. To set the foot; to step. Where'er you tread, the blushing flowers shall rise. Pope. Fools rush in where angels fear to tread. Pope. The hard stone Under our feet, on which we tread and go. Chaucer.
2. To walk or go; especially, to walk with a stately or a cautious step. Ye that . . . stately tread, or lowly creep. Milton.
3. To copulate; said of birds, esp. the males. Shak. To tread on or upon. (a) To trample; to set the foot on in contempt. "Thou shalt tread upon their high places." Deut. xxxiii. 29. (b) to follow closely. "Year treads on year." Wordsworth. -- To tread upon the heels of, to follow close upon. "Dreadful consequences that tread upon the heels of those allowances to sin." Milton. One woe doth tread upon another's heel. Shak.
TREAD Tread, v. t.
1. To step or walk on. Forbid to tread the promised land he saw. Prior. Methought she trod the ground with greater grace. Dryden.
2. To beat or press with the feet; as, to tread a path; to tread land when too light; a well-trodden path.
3. To go through or accomplish by walking, dancing, or the like. " I am resolved to forsake Malta, tread a pilgrimage to fair Jerusalem." Beau. & Fl. They have measured many a mile, To tread a measure with you on this grass. Shak.
4. To crush under the foot; to trample in contempt or hatred; to subdue. Through thy name will we tread them under that rise up against us. Ps. xliv. 5.
5. To copulate with; to feather; to cover; -- said of the male bird. Chaucer. To tread out, to press out with the feet; to press out, as wine or wheat; as, to tread out grain with cattle or horses. -- To tread the stage, to act as a stageplayer; to perform a part in a drama.
TREAD Tread, n.
1. A step or stepping; pressure with the foot; a footstep; as, a nimble tread; a cautious tread. She is coming, my own, my sweet; Were it ever so airy a tread, My heart would hear her and beat. Tennyson.
2. Manner or style of stepping; action; gait; as, the horse has a good tread.
3. Way; track; path. [R.] Shak.
4. The act of copulation in birds.
5. (Arch.)
Defn: The upper horizontal part of a step, on which the foot is placed.
6. (Fort.)
Defn: The top of the banquette, on which soldiers stand to fire over the parapet.
7. (Mach.) (a) The part of a wheel that bears upon the road or rail. (b) The part of a rail upon which car wheels bear.
8. (Biol.)
Defn: The chalaza of a bird's egg; the treadle.
9. (Far.)
Defn: A bruise or abrasion produced on the foot or ankle of a horse that interferes. See Interfere, 3.
TREADBOARD Tread"board`, n. [Arch.]
Defn: See Tread, n., 5.
TREADER Tread"er, n.
Defn: One who treads. Isa. xvi. 10.
TREADFOWL Tread"fowl`, n.
Defn: A cock. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TREADLE Trea"dle, n. Etym: [OE. tredyl a step, AS. tredel. See Tread.]
1. The part of a foot lathe, or other machine, which is pressed or moved by the foot.
2. (Biol.)
Defn: The chalaza of a bird's egg; the tread.
TREADMILL Tread"mill`, n.
Defn: A mill worked by persons treading upon steps on the periphery of a wide wheel having a horizontal axis. It is used principally as a means of prison discipline. Also, a mill worked by horses, dogs, etc., treading an endless belt.
TREAD-SOFTLY Tread"-soft`ly, n. (Bot.)
Defn: Spurge nettle. See under Nettle.
TREADWHEEL Tread"wheel`, n.
Defn: A wheel turned by persons or animals, by treading, climbing, or pushing with the feet, upon its periphery or face. See Treadmill.
TREAGUE Treague, n. Etym: [It. tregua; of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. true.]
Defn: A truce. [Obs.] Spenser.
TREASON Trea"son, n. Etym: [OE. tresun, treisun, traisoun, OF. traïson, F. trahison, L. traditio a giving up, a delivering up, fr. tradere to give up, betray. See Traitor, and cf. Tradition.]
1. The offense of attempting to overthrow the government of the state to which the offender owes allegiance, or of betraying the state into the hands of a foreign power; disloyalty; treachery. The treason of the murthering in the bed. Chaucer.
Note: In monarchies, the killing of the sovereign, or an attempt to take his life, is treason. In England, to imagine or compass the death of the king, or of the queen consort, or of the heir apparent to the crown, is high treason, as are many other offenses created by statute. In the United States, treason is confined to the actual levying of war against the United States, or to an adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort.
2. Loosely, the betrayal of any trust or confidence; treachery; perfidy. If he be false, she shall his treason see. Chaucer. Petit treason. See under Petit.
TREASONABLE Trea"son*a*ble, a.
Defn: Pertaining to treason; consisting of treason; involving the crime of treason, or partaking of its guilt. Most men's heads had been intoxicated with imaginations of plots and treasonable practices. Clarendon.
Syn. -- Treacherous; traitorous; perfidious; insidious. -- Trea"son*a*ble*ness, n. -- Trea"son*a*bly, adv.
TREASONOUS Trea"son*ous, a.
Defn: Treasonable. Shak. The treasonous book of the Court of King James. Pepys.
TREASURE Treas"ure, n. Etym: [OE. tresor, tresour, F. trésor, L. thesaurus, Gr. Thesis, and cf. Thesaurus.]
1. Wealth accumulated; especially, a stock, or store of money in reserve. This treasure hath fortune unto us given. Chaucer.
2. A great quantity of anything collected for future use; abundance; plenty. We have treasures in the field, of wheat and of barley, and of oil and of honey. Jer. xli. 8.
3. That which is very much valued. Ye shall be peculiar treasure unto me. Ex. xix. 5. From thy wardrobe bring thy chiefest treasure. Milton. Treasure city, a city for stores and magazines. Ex. i. 11.
TREASURE Treas"ure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Treasured; p. pr. & vb. n. Treasuring.]
Defn: To collect and deposit, as money or other valuable things, for future use; to lay up; to hoard; usually with up; as, to treasure up gold.
TREASURE-HOUSE Treas"ure-house`, n.
Defn: A house or building where treasures and stores are kept.
TREASURER Treas"ur*er, n. Etym: [OE. tresourer, F. trésorier.]
Defn: One who has the care of a treasure or treasure or treasury; an officer who receives the public money arising from taxes and duties, or other sources of revenue, takes charge of the same, and disburses it upon orders made by the proper authority; one who has charge of collected funds; as, the treasurer of a society or corporation. Lord high treasurer of England, formerly, the third great officer of the crown. His office is now executed by five persons styled the lords commissioners of the treasury, or treasury lords.
TREASURERSHIP Treas"ur*er*ship, n.
Defn: The office of treasurer.
TREASURESS Treas"ur*ess, n.
Defn: A woman who is a treasurer. [R.]
TREASURE-TROVE Treas"ure-trove`, n. Etym: [Treasure + OF. trové, F. trouvé, p. p. of OF. trover to find, F. trouver. See Trover.] (Common Law)
Defn: Any money, bullion, or the like, found in the earth, or otherwise hidden, the owner of which is not known. In England such treasure belongs to the crown; whereas similar treasure found in the sea, or upon the surface of the land, belongs to the finder if no owner appears.
TREASURY Treas"ur*y, n.; pl. Treasuries. Etym: [OE. tresorie, F. trésorerie.]
1. A place or building in which stores of wealth are deposited; especially, a place where public revenues are deposited and kept, and where money is disbursed to defray the expenses of government; hence, also, the place of deposit and disbursement of any collected funds.
2. That department of a government which has charge of the finances.
3. A repository of abundance; a storehouse.
4. Hence, a book or work containing much valuable knowledge, wisdom, wit, or the like; a thesaurus; as, " Maunder's Treasury of Botany."
5. A treasure. [Obs.] Marston. Board of treasury, the board to which is intrusted the management of all matters relating to the sovereign's civil list or other revenues. [Eng.] Brande & C. -- Treasury bench, the first row of seats on the right hand of the Speaker in the House of Commons; -- so called because occupied by the first lord of the treasury and chief minister of the crown. [Eng.] -- Treasury lord. See Lord high treasurer of England, under Treasurer. [Eng.] -- Treasury note (U. S. Finance), a circulating note or bill issued by government authority from the Treasury Department, and receivable in payment of dues to the government.
TREASURY STOCK Treas"ur*y stock. (Finance)
Defn: Issued stock of an incorporated company held by the company itself.
TREAT Treat, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Treated; p. pr. & vb. n. Treating.] Etym: [OE. treten, OF. traitier, F. traiter, from L. tractare to draw violently, to handle, manage, treat, v. intens. from trahere, tractum, to draw. See Trace, v. t., and cf. Entreat, Retreat, Trait.]
1. To handle; to manage; to use; to bear one's self toward; as, to treat prisoners cruelly; to treat children kindly.
2. To discourse on; to handle in a particular manner, in writing or speaking; as, to treat a subject diffusely.
3. To entertain with food or drink, especially the latter, as a compliment, or as an expression of friendship or regard; as, to treat the whole company.
4. To negotiate; to settle; to make terms for. [Obs.] To treat the peace, a hundred senators Shall be commissioned. Dryden.
5. (Med.)
Defn: To care for medicinally or surgically; to manage in the use of remedies or appliances; as, to treat a disease, a wound, or a patient.
6. To subject to some action; to apply something to; as, to treat a substance with sulphuric acid. Ure.
7. To entreat; to beseech. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.
TREAT Treat, v. i.
1. To discourse; to handle a subject in writing or speaking; to make discussion; -- usually with of; as, Cicero treats of old age and of duties. And, shortly of this story for to treat. Chaucer. Now of love they treat. Milton.
2. To negotiate; to come to terms of accommodation; -- often followed by with; as, envoys were appointed to treat with France. Inform us, will the emperor treat! Swift.
3. To give a gratuitous entertainment, esp. of food or drink, as a compliment.
TREAT Treat, n.
1. A parley; a conference. [Obs.] Bid him battle without further treat. Spenser.
2. An entertainment given as an expression of regard.
3. That which affords entertainment; a gratification; a satisfaction; as, the concert was a rich treat.
TREATABLE Treat"a*ble, a. Etym: [OE. tretable, F. traitable, L. tractabilis. See Treat, and cf. Tractable.]
Defn: Manageable; tractable; hence, moderate; not violent. [Obs.] " A treatable disposition, a strong memory." R. Parr. A kind of treatable dissolution. Hooker. The heats or the colds of seasons are less treatable than with us. Sir W. Temple.
TREATABLY Treat"a*bly, adv.
Defn: In a treatable manner. [Obs.]
TREATER Treat"er, n.
Defn: One who treats; one who handles, or discourses on, a subject; also, one who entertains.
TREATISE Trea"tise, n. Etym: [OE. tretis, OF. treitis, traitis, well made. See Treat.]
1. A written composition on a particular subject, in which its principles are discussed or explained; a tract. Chaucer. He published a treatise in which he maintained that a marriage between a member of the Church of England and a dissenter was a nullity. Macaulay.
Note: A treatise implies more form and method than an essay, but may fall short of the fullness and completeness of a systematic exposition.
2. Story; discourse. [R.] Shak.
TREATISER Trea"tis*er, n.
Defn: One who writes a treatise. [Obs.]
TREATMENT Treat"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. traitement. See Treat.]
1. The act or manner of treating; management; manipulation; handling; usage; as, unkind treatment; medical treatment.
2. Entertainment; treat. [Obs.] Accept such treatment as a swain affords. Pope.
TREATURE Trea"ture, n.
Defn: Treatment. [Obs.] Fabyan.
TREATY Trea"ty, n.; pl. Treaties. Etym: [OE. tretee, F. traité, LL. tractatus; cf. L. tractatus a handling, treatment, consultation, tractate. See Treat, and cf. Tractate.]
1. The act of treating for the adjustment of differences, as for forming an agreement; negotiation. "By sly and wise treaty." Chaucer. He cast by treaty and by trains Her to persuade. Spenser.
2. An agreement so made; specifically, an agreement, league, or contract between two or more nations or sovereigns, formally signed by commissioners properly authorized, and solemnly ratified by the several sovereigns, or the supreme power of each state; an agreement between two or more independent states; as, a treaty of peace; a treaty of alliance.
3. A proposal tending to an agreement. [Obs.] Shak.
4. A treatise; a tract. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
TREBLE Tre"ble, a. Etym: [OE. treble threefold, OF. treble, treible, L. triplus. See Triple.]
1. Threefold; triple. A lofty tower, and strong on every side With treble walls. Dryden.
2. (Mus.) (a) Acute; sharp; as, a treble sound. Bacon. (b) Playing or singing the highest part or most acute sounds; playing or singing the treble; as, a treble violin or voice.
TREBLE Tre"ble, adv.
Defn: Trebly; triply. [Obs.] J. Fletcher.
TREBLE Tre"ble, n. Etym: [" It has been said to be a corruption of triplum [Lat.], a third part, superadded to the altus and bassus (high and low)." Grove.] (Mus.)
Defn: The highest of the four principal parts in music; the part usually sung by boys or women; soprano.
Note: This is sometimes called the first treble, to distinguish it from the second treble, or alto, which is sung by lower female voices.
TREBLE Tre"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trebled; p. pr. & vb. n. Trebling.]
1. To make thrice as much; to make threefold. "Love trebled life." Tennyson.
2. To utter in a treble key; to whine. [Obs.] He outrageously (When I accused him) trebled his reply. Chapman.
TREBLE Tre"ble, v. i.
Defn: To become threefold. Swift.
TREBLENESS Tre"ble*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being treble; as, the trebleness of tones. Bacon.
TREBLET Treb"let, n.
Defn: Same as Triblet.
TREBLY Tre"bly, adv.
Defn: In a treble manner; with a threefold number or quantity; triply. Swift.
TREBUCHET; TREBUCKET Treb"u*chet, Tre"buck*et, n. Etym: [OF. trebuchet, trebukiet, an engine of war for hurling stones, F. trébuchet a gin, trap, a kind of balance, fr. OF. trebuchier, trebuquier, to stumble, trip, F. trébucher.]
1. A cucking stool; a tumbrel. Cowell.
2. A military engine used in the Middle Ages for throwing stones, etc. It acted by means of a great weight fastened to the short arm of a lever, which, being let fall, raised the end of the long arm with great velocity, hurling stones with much force.
3. A kind of balance for weighing. [Obs.]
TRECENTIST Tre*cen"tist, n.
Defn: A member of the trecento, or an imitator of its characteristics.
TRECENTO Tre*cen"to, n. & a. [It., three hundred, abbr. for thirteen hundred.]
Defn: The fourteenth century, when applied to Italian art, literature, etc. It marks the period of Dante, Petrarch, and boccaccio in literature, and of Giotto in painting.
TRECHOMETER Tre*chom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]
Defn: An odometer for vehicles. Knight.
TRECKSCHUYT Treck"schuyt`, n. Etym: [D. trekschuit; trekken to draw + schuit a boat. Cf. Trackscout.]
Defn: A covered boat for goods and passengers, used on the Dutch and Flemish canals.
TREDDLE Tred"dle, n. Etym: [See Treadle.]
1. See Treadle.
2. A prostitute; a strumpet. [Obs.] Ford.
3. pl.
Defn: The dung of sheep or hares. Holland.
TREDILLE Tre*dille", n.
Defn: A game at cards for three.
TREE Tree, n. Etym: [OE. tree, tre, treo, AS. treó, treów, tree, wood; akin to OFries. tr, OS. treo, trio, Icel. tr, Dan. træ, Sw. trä, träd, Goth. triu, Russ. drevo, W. derw an oak, Ir. darag, darog, Gr. dru tree, wood, daru wood. Dryad, Germander, Tar, n., Trough.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: Any perennial woody plant of considerable size (usually over twenty feet high) and growing with a single trunk.
Note: The kind of tree referred to, in any particular case, is often indicated by a modifying word; as forest tree, fruit tree, palm tree, apple tree, pear tree, etc.
2. Something constructed in the form of, or considered as resembling, a tree, consisting of a stem, or stock, and branches; as, a genealogical tree.
3. A piece of timber, or something commonly made of timber; -- used in composition, as in axletree, boottree, chesstree, crosstree, whiffletree, and the like.
4. A cross or gallows; as Tyburn tree. [Jesus] whom they slew and hanged on a tree. Acts x. 39.
5. Wood; timber. [Obs.] Chaucer. In a great house ben not only vessels of gold and of silver but also of tree and of earth. Wyclif (2 Tim. ii. 20).
6. (Chem.)
Defn: A mass of crystals, aggregated in arborescent forms, obtained by precipitation of a metal from solution. See Lead tree, under Lead. Tree bear (Zoöl.), the raccoon. [Local, U.S.] -- Tree beetle (Zoöl.) any one of numerous species of beetles which feed on the leaves of trees and shrubs, as the May beetles, the rose beetle, the rose chafer, and the goldsmith beetle. -- Tree bug (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of hemipterous insects which live upon, and suck the sap of, trees and shrubs. They belong to Arma, Pentatoma, Rhaphigaster, and allied genera. -- Tree cat (Zool.), the common paradoxure (Paradoxurus musang). -- Tree clover (Bot.), a tall kind of melilot (Melilotus alba). See Melilot. -- Tree crab (Zoöl.), the purse crab. See under Purse. -- Tree creeper (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of arboreal creepers belonging to Certhia, Climacteris, and allied genera. See Creeper, 3. -- Tree cricket (Zoöl.), a nearly white arboreal American cricket (Ecanthus nivoeus) which is noted for its loud stridulation; -- called also white cricket. -- Tree crow (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Old World crows belonging to Crypsirhina and allied genera, intermediate between the true crows and the jays. The tail is long, and the bill is curved and without a tooth. -- Tree dove (Zoöl.) any one of several species of East Indian and Asiatic doves belonging to Macropygia and allied genera. They have long and broad tails, are chiefly arboreal in their habits, and feed mainly on fruit. -- Tree duck (Zoöl.), any one of several species of ducks belonging to Dendrocygna and allied genera. These ducks have a long and slender neck and a long hind toe. They are arboreal in their habits, and are found in the tropical parts of America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. -- Tree fern (Bot.), an arborescent fern having a straight trunk, sometimes twenty or twenty-five feet high, or even higher, and bearing a cluster of fronds at the top. Most of the existing species are tropical. -- Tree fish (Zoöl.), a California market fish (Sebastichthys serriceps). -- Tree frog. (Zoöl.) (a) Same as Tree toad. (b) Any one of numerous species of Old World frogs belonging to Chiromantis, Rhacophorus, and allied genera of the family Ranidæ. Their toes are furnished with suckers for adhesion. The flying frog (see under Flying) is an example. -- Tree goose (Zoöl.), the bernicle goose. -- Tree hopper (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of small leaping hemipterous insects which live chiefly on the branches and twigs of trees, and injure them by sucking the sap. Many of them are very odd in shape, the prothorax being often prolonged upward or forward in the form of a spine or crest. -- Tree jobber (Zoöl.), a woodpecker. [Obs.] -- Tree kangaroo. (Zoöl.) See Kangaroo. -- Tree lark (Zoöl.), the tree pipit. [Prov. Eng.] -- Tree lizard (Zoöl.), any one of a group of Old World arboreal lizards (Dendrosauria) comprising the chameleons. -- Tree lobster. (Zoöl.) Same as Tree crab, above. -- Tree louse (Zoöl.), any aphid; a plant louse. -- Tree moss. (Bot.) (a) Any moss or lichen growing on trees. (b) Any species of moss in the form of a miniature tree. -- Tree mouse (Zoöl.), any one of several species of African mice of the subfamily Dendromyinæ. They have long claws and habitually live in trees. -- Tree nymph, a wood nymph. See Dryad. -- Tree of a saddle, a saddle frame. -- Tree of heaven (Bot.), an ornamental tree (Ailantus glandulosus) having long, handsome pinnate leaves, and greenish flowers of a disagreeable odor. -- Tree of life (Bot.), a tree of the genus Thuja; arbor vitæ. -- Tree onion (Bot.), a species of garlic (Allium proliferum) which produces bulbs in place of flowers, or among its flowers. -- Tree oyster (Zoöl.), a small American oyster (Ostrea folium) which adheres to the roots of the mangrove tree; -- called also raccoon oyster. -- Tree pie (Zoöl.), any species of Asiatic birds of the genus Dendrocitta. The tree pies are allied to the magpie. -- Tree pigeon (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of longwinged arboreal pigeons native of Asia, Africa, and Australia, and belonging to Megaloprepia, Carpophaga, and allied genera. -- Tree pipit. (Zoöl.) See under Pipit. -- Tree porcupine (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Central and South American arboreal porcupines belonging to the genera Chætomys and Sphingurus. They have an elongated and somewhat prehensile tail, only four toes on the hind feet, and a body covered with short spines mixed with bristles. One South American species (S. villosus) is called also couiy; another (S. prehensilis) is called also coendou. -- Tree rat (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large ratlike West Indian rodents belonging to the genera Capromys and Plagiodon. They are allied to the porcupines. -- Tree serpent (Zoöl.), a tree snake. -- Tree shrike (Zoöl.), a bush shrike. -- Tree snake (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of snakes of the genus Dendrophis. They live chiefly among the branches of trees, and are not venomous. -- Tree sorrel (Bot.), a kind of sorrel (Rumex Lunaria) which attains the stature of a small tree, and bears greenish flowers. It is found in the Canary Islands and Teneriffe. -- Tree sparrow (Zoöl.) any one of several species of small arboreal sparrows, especially the American tree sparrow (Spizella monticola), and the common European species (Passer montanus). -- Tree swallow (Zoöl.), any one of several species of swallows of the genus Hylochelidon which lay their eggs in holes in dead trees. They inhabit Australia and adjacent regions. Called also martin in Australia. -- Tree swift (Zoöl.), any one of several species of swifts of the genus Dendrochelidon which inhabit the East Indies and Southern Asia. -- Tree tiger (Zoöl.), a leopard. -- Tree toad (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of amphibians belonging to Hyla and allied genera of the family Hylidæ. They are related to the common frogs and toads, but have the tips of the toes expanded into suckers by means of which they cling to the bark and leaves of trees. Only one species (Hyla arborea) is found in Europe, but numerous species occur in America and Australia. The common tree toad of the Northern United States (H. versicolor) is noted for the facility with which it changes its colors. Called also tree frog. See also Piping frog, under Piping, and Cricket frog, under Cricket. -- Tree warbler (Zoöl.), any one of several species of arboreal warblers belonging to Phylloscopus and allied genera. -- Tree wool (Bot.), a fine fiber obtained from the leaves of pine trees.
TREE Tree, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Treed; p. pr. & vb. n. Treeing.]
1. To drive to a tree; to cause to ascend a tree; as, a dog trees a squirrel. J. Burroughs.
2. To place upon a tree; to fit with a tree; to stretch upon a tree; as, to tree a boot. See Tree, n., 3.
TREEBEARD Tree"beard`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: A pendulous branching lichen (Usnea barbata); -- so called from its resemblance to hair.
TREE BURIAL Tree burial.
Defn: Disposal of the dead by placing the corpse among the branches of a tree or in a hollow trunk, a practice among many primitive peoples.
TREE CALF Tree calf.
Defn: A bright brown polished calfskin binding of books, stained with a conventional treelike design.
TREEFUL Tree"ful, n.; pl. Treefuls (.
Defn: The quantity or number which fills a tree.
TREELESS Tree"less, a
Defn: Destitute of trees. C. Kingsley.
TREEN Treen, a. Etym: [AS. treówen.]
1. Made of wood; wooden. [Obs.] " Treen cups." Camden.
2. Relating to, or drawn from, trees. [Obs.] Spenser. Treen liquors, especially that of the date. Evelyn.
TREEN Treen, obs.
Defn: pl. of Tree. " The shady treen." Fairfax.
TREENAIL Tree"nail`, n. Etym: [Tree + nail.] (Shipbuilding)
Defn: A long wooden pin used in fastening the planks of a vessel to the timbers or to each other. [Written also trenail, and trunnel.]
TREF Tref, a. [Yiddish, fr. Heb. terephah an animal torn by wild beasts.]
Defn: Ceremonially unclean, according to the Jewish law; -- opposed to kosher.
TREFLE Tre"fle, n. Etym: [F. tréfle. See Trefoil.] (Fort.)
Defn: A species of time; -- so called from its resemblance in form to a trefoil.
TREFLE Tré`flé", a. Etym: [F. tréflé. See Trefoil.] (Her.)
Defn: Having a three-lobed extremity or extremities, as a cross; also, more rarely, ornamented with trefoils projecting from the edges, as a bearing.
TREFOIL Tre"foil, n. Etym: [L. tres three + E. foil leaf; cf. F. frèfle, It. trifoglio, L. trifolium. See Tri-, Foil leaf, and cf. Trifoly.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: Any plant of the genus Trifolium, which includes the white clover, red clover, etc.; -- less properly, applied also to the nonesuch, or black medic. See Clover, and Medic.
2. (Arch.)
Defn: An ornamental foliation consisting of three divisions, or foils.
3. (Her.)
Defn: A charge representing the clover leaf.
TREFOILED Tre"foiled`, a. (Her.)
Defn: Same as Tréflé.
TREGET Treg"et, n. Etym: [See Tregetour.]
Defn: Guile; trickery. [Obs.] Rom. of R.
TREGETOUR Treg"et*our, n. Etym: [OE. tresgeteor. See Trans-, and Jet a shooting forth.]
Defn: A juggler who produces illusions by the use of elaborate machinery. [Obs.] Divers appearances Such as these subtle tregetours play. Chaucer.
TREGETRY Treg"et*ry, n.
Defn: Trickery; also, a trick. [Obs.] Rom. of R.
TREHALA Tre*ha"la, n. (Chem.)
Defn: An amorphous variety of manna obtained from the nests and cocoons of a Syrian coleopterous insect (Larinus maculatus, L. nidificans, etc.) which feeds on the foliage of a variety of thistle. It is used as an article of food, and is called also nest sugar.
TREHALOSE Tre"ha*lose`, n. (Chem.)
Defn: Mycose; -- so called because sometimes obtained from trehala.
TREILLAGE Treil"lage, n. Etym: [F. treillage. See Trellis.]
Defn: Latticework for supporting vines, etc.; an espalier; a trellis. Spectator. I shall plant the roses against my treillage to-morrow. Walpole.
TREK Trek, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trekked; p. pr. & vb. n. Trekking.] [Written also treck.] [D. trekken. See Track, n.] [South Africa]
1. To draw or haul a load, as oxen.
2. To travel, esp. by ox wagon; to go from place to place; to migrate. [Chiefly South Africa]
One of the motives which induced the Boers of 1836 to trek out of the Colony. James Bryce.
TREK Trek, n. [Written also treck.] [D. Cf. Track, n.]
Defn: The act of trekking; a drawing or a traveling; a journey; a migration. [Chiefly South Africa]
To the north a trek was projected, and some years later was nearly carried out, for the occupation of the Mashonaland. James Bryce.
Great Trek, the great emigration of Boers from Cape Colony which began in 1836, and resulted in the founding of the South African Republic and Orange Free State.
TREKKER Trek"ker, n. [D.]
Defn: One that treks. [Written also trecker.] [South Africa] James Bryce.
TREKOMETER Trek*om"e*ter, n. [Cf. Trechometer.] (Mil.)
Defn: A field range finger used in the British service.
TRELLIS Trel"lis, n. Etym: [OE. relis, F. treillis, fr. treille vine arbor, fr. L. tricla, triclea, triclia, a bower, arbor, summer house.]
Defn: A structure or frame of crossbarred work, or latticework, used for various purposes, as for screens or for supporting plants.
TRELLISED Trel"lised, a.
Defn: Having a trellis or trellises. Cottages trellised over with exotic plants. Jeffrey.
TREMANDO Tre*man"do, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)
Defn: Trembling; -- used as a direction to perform a passage with a general shaking of the whole chord.
TREMATODE Trem"a*tode, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the Trematodea. Also used adjectively.
TREMATODEA Trem`a*to"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: An extensive order of parasitic worms. They are found in the internal cavities of animals belonging to all classes. Many species are found, also, on the gills and skin of fishes. A few species are parasitic on man, and some, of which the fluke is the most important, are injurious parasites of domestic animals. The trematodes usually have a flattened body covered with a chitinous skin, and are furnished with two or more suckers for adhesion. Most of the species are hermaphrodite. Called also Trematoda, and Trematoidea. See Fluke, Tristoma, and Cercaria.
TREMATOID Trem"a*toid, a. Etym: [From Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: f or pertaining to the Trematodea. See Illustration in Appendix.
TREMBLE Trem"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trembled; p. pr. & vb. n. Trembling.] Etym: [F. trembler, fr. L. tremulus trembling, tremulous, fr. tremere to shake, tremble; akin to Gr. trimti. Cf. Tremulous, Tremor.]
1. To shake involuntarily, as with fear, cold, or weakness; to quake; to quiver; to shiver; to shudder; -- said of a person or an animal. I tremble still with fear. Shak. Frighted Turnus trembled as he spoke. Dryden.
2. To totter; to shake; -- said of a thing. The Mount of Sinai, whose gray top Shall tremble. Milton.
3. To quaver or shake, as sound; to be tremulous; as the voice trembles.
TREMBLE Trem"ble, n.
Defn: An involuntary shaking or quivering. I am all of a tremble when I think of it. W. Black.
TREMBLER Trem"bler, n.
Defn: One who trembles.
TREMBLING Trem"bling, a.
Defn: Shaking; tottering; quivering. -- Trem"bling*ly, adv. Trembling poplar (Bot.), the aspen.
TREMELLA Tre*mel"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. tremere, to tremble: cf. It. tremella, F. tremelle.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of gelatinous fungi found in moist grounds.
TREMENDOUS Tre*men"dous, a. Etym: [L. tremendus that is to be trembled at, fearful, fr. tremere to tremble. See Tremble.]
Defn: Fitted to excite fear or terror; such as may astonish or terrify by its magnitude, force, or violence; terrible; dreadful; as, a tremendous wind; a tremendous shower; a tremendous shock or fall. A tremendous mischief was a foot. Motley.
Syn. -- Terrible; dreadful; frightful; terrific; horrible; awful. -- Tre*men"dous*ly, adv. -- Tre*men"dous*ness, n.
TREMEX Tre"mex, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of large hymenopterous insects allied to the sawflies. The female lays her eggs in holes which she bores in the trunks of trees with her large and long ovipositor, and the larva bores in the wood. See Illust. of Horntail.
Note: The pigeon tremex (Tremex columba), a common American species, infests the elm, pear, and other trees.
TREMIE Trem"ie, n. [F. trémie hopper.] (Hydraulic Engin.)
Defn: An apparatus for depositing and consolidating concrete under water, essentially a tube of wood or sheet metal with a hooperlike top. It is usually handled by a crane.
TREMOLANDO Tre*mo*lan"do, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)
Defn: Same as Tremando.
TREMOLITE Trem"o*lite, n. Etym: [From Tremola, a valley in the Alps, where it was discovered.] (Min.)
Defn: A white variety of amphibole, or hornblende, occurring in long, bladelike crystals, and coarsely fibrous masses.
TREMOLO Tre"mo*lo, n. Etym: [It. Cf. Tremulous.] (Mus.) (a) The rapid reiteration of tones without any apparent cessation, so as to produce a tremulous effect. (b) A certain contrivance in an organ, which causes the notes to sound with rapid pulses or beats, producing a tremulous effect; -- called also tremolant, and tremulant.
TREMOR Tre"mor, n. Etym: [L., from tremere to tremble. See Tremble, v.]
Defn: A trembling; a shivering or shaking; a quivering or vibratory motion; as, the tremor of a person who is weak, infirm, or old. He fell into an universal tremor of all his joints. Harvey.
TREMULANT; TREMULENT Trem"u*lant, Trem"u*lent, a.
Defn: Tremulous; trembling; shaking. [R.] " With tremulent white rod." Carlyle.
TREMULOUS Trem"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. tremulus, fr. tremere to tremble. See Tremble.]
1. Shaking; shivering; quivering; as, a tremulous limb; a tremulous motion of the hand or the lips; the tremulous leaf of the poplar.
2. Affected with fear or timidity; trembling. The tender, tremulous Christian. Dr. H. More. -- Trem"u*lous*ly, adv. -- Trem"u*lous*ness, n.
TREN Tren, n. Etym: [See Treen wooden.]
Defn: A fish spear. [Obs.] Ainsworth.
TRENAIL Tre"nail`, n. (Shipbuilding)
Defn: Same as Treenail.
TRENCH Trench, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trenched; p. pr. & vb. n. Trenching.] Etym: [OF. trenchier to cut, F. trancher; akin to Pr. trencar, trenchar, Sp. trinchar, It. trinciare; of uncertain origin.]
1. To cut; to form or shape by cutting; to make by incision, hewing, or the like. The wide wound that the boar had trenched In his soft flank. Shak. This weak impress of love is as a figure Trenched in ice, which with an hour's heat Dissolves to water, and doth lose its form. Shak.
2. (Fort.)
Defn: To fortify by cutting a ditch, and raising a rampart or breastwork with the earth thrown out of the ditch; to intrench. Pope. No more shall trenching war channel her fields. Shak.
3. To cut furrows or ditches in; as, to trench land for the purpose of draining it.
4. To dig or cultivate very deeply, usually by digging parallel contiguous trenches in succession, filling each from the next; as, to trench a garden for certain crops.
TRENCH Trench, v. i.
1. To encroach; to intrench. Does it not seem as if for a creature to challenge to itself a boundless attribute, were to trench upon the prerogative of the divine nature I. Taylor.
2. To have direction; to aim or tend. [R.] Bacon. To trench at, to make trenches against; to approach by trenches, as a town in besieging it. [Obs.] Like powerful armies, trenching at a town By slow and silent, but resistless, sap. Young.
TRENCH Trench, n. Etym: [OE. trenche, F. tranchée. See Trench, v. t.]
1. A long, narrow cut in the earth; a ditch; as, a trench for draining land. Mortimer.
2. An alley; a narrow path or walk cut through woods, shrubbery, or the like. [Obs.] In a trench, forth in the park, goeth she. Chaucer.
3. (Fort.)
Defn: An excavation made during a siege, for the purpose of covering the troops as they advance toward the besieged place. The term includes the parallels and the approaches. To open the trenches (Mil.), to begin to dig or to form the lines of approach. Trench cavalier (Fort.), an elevation constructed (by a besieger) of gabions, fascines, earth, and the like, about half way up the glacis, in order to discover and enfilade the covered way. -- Trench plow, or Trench plough, a kind of plow for opening land to a greater depth than that of common furrows.
TRENCHAND Trench"and, a.
Defn: Trenchant. [Obs.] Spenser.
TRENCHANT Trench"ant, a. Etym: [OF. trenchant, F. tranchant, p. pr. See Trench, v. t.]
1. Fitted to trench or cut; gutting; sharp. " Trenchant was the blade." Chaucer.
2. Fig.: Keen; biting; severe; as, trenchant wit.
TRENCHANTLY Trench"ant*ly, adv.
Defn: In a trenchant, or sharp, manner; sharply; severely.
TRENCHER Trench"er, n. Etym: [OE. trencheoir, F. tranchoir, fr. trancher to cut, carve. See Trench, v. t.]
1. One who trenches; esp., one who cuts or digs ditches.
2. A large wooden plate or platter, as for table use.
3. The table; hence, the pleasures of the table; food. It could be no ordinary declension of nature that could bring some men, after an ingenuous education, to place their "summum bonum" upon their trenchers. South. Trencher cap, the cap worn by studens at Oxford and Cambridge Universities, having a stiff, flat, square appendage at top. A similar cap used in the United States is called Oxford cap, mortar board, etc. -- Trencher fly, a person who haunts the tables of others; a parasite. [R.] L'Estrange. -- Trencher friend, one who frequents the tables of others; a sponger. -- Trencher mate, a table companion; a parasite; a trencher fly. Hooker.
TRENCHER-MAN Trench"er-man, n.; pl. Trencher-men (.
1. A feeder; a great eater; a gormandizer. Shak.
2. A cook. [Obs.] The skillfulest trencher-men of Media. Sir P. Sidney.
3. A table companion; a trencher mate. Thackeray.
TRENCHMORE Trench"more, n.
Defn: A kind of lively dance of a rude, boisterous character. Also, music in triple time appropriate to the dance. [Obs.] All the windows in the town dance new trenchmore. Beau. & Fl.
TRENCHMORE Trench"more, v. i.
Defn: To dance the trenchmore. [Obs.] Marston.
TRENCH-PLOW; TRENCH-PLOUGH Trench"-plow", Trench"-plough` v. t.
Defn: To plow with deep furrows, for the purpose of loosening the land to a greater depth than usual.
TREND Trend, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trended; p. pr. & vb. n. Trending.] Etym: [OE. trenden to roll or turn about; akin to OFries. trind, trund, round, Dan. & Sw. trind, AS. trendel a circle, ring, and E. trendle, trundle.]
Defn: To have a particular direction; to run; to stretch; to tend; as, the shore of the sea trends to the southwest.
TREND Trend, v. t.
Defn: To cause to turn; to bend. [R.] Not far beneath i' the valley as she trends Her silver stream. W. Browne.
TREND Trend, n.
Defn: Inclination in a particular direction; tendency; general direction; as, the trend of a coast. Trend of an anchor. (Naut.) (a) The lower end of the shank of an anchor, being the same distance on the shank from the throat that the arm measures from the throat to the bill. R. H. Dana, Jr. (b) The angle made by the line of a vessel's keel and the direction of the anchor cable, when she is swinging at anchor.
TREND Trend, v. t. Etym: [Cf. G. & OD. trennen to separate.]
Defn: To cleanse, as wool. [Prov. Eng.]
TREND Trend, n.
Defn: Clean wool. [Prov. Eng.]
TRENDER Trend"er, n.
Defn: One whose business is to free wool from its filth. [Prov. Eng.]
TRENDLE Tren"dle, n. Etym: [AS. trendel, tryndel, circle, ring. See Trend, v. i., and cf. Trundle.]
Defn: A wheel, spindle, or the like; a trundle. [Obs.] The shaft the wheel, the wheel, the trendle turns. Sylvester.
TRENNEL Tren"nel, n.
Defn: Corrupt form of Treenail.
TRENTAL Tren"tal, n. Etym: [LL. trentale, fr. L. triginta thirty; akin to tres three: cf. OF. trentel. See Three, and cf. Trigintal.]
1. (R. C. Ch.)
Defn: An office and mass for the dead on the thirtieth day after death or burial. "Their trentals and their shrifts." Spenser.
2. Hence, a dirge; an elegy.
TRENTE ET QUARANTE Trente" et` qua`rante". [F., lit., thirty and forty.]
Defn: Same as Rouge et noir, under Rouge.
TRENTON PERIOD Tren"ton pe"ri*od. (Geol.)
Defn: A subdivision in the lower Silurian system of America; -- so named from Trenton Falls, in New York. The rocks are mostly limestones, and the period is divided into the Trenton, Utica, and Cincinnati epochs. See the Chart of Geology.
TREPAN Tre*pan", n. Etym: [F. trépan (cf. Sp. trépano, It. trepano, trapano), LL. trepanum, fr. Gr. Trephine.]
1. (Surg.)
Defn: A crown-saw or cylindrical saw for perforating the skull, turned, when used, like a bit or gimlet. See Trephine.
2. (Mining)
Defn: A kind of broad chisel for sinking shafts.
TREPAN Tre*pan", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Trepanned; p. pr. & vb. n. Trepanning.] Etym: [Cf. F. trépaner. See Trepan a saw.] (Surg.)
Defn: To perforate (the skull) with a trepan, so as to remove a portion of the bone, and thus relieve the brain from pressure or irritation; to perform an operation with the trepan.
TREPAN Tre*pan", n. Etym: [See Trapan.]
1. A snare; a trapan. Snares and trepans that common life lays in its way. South.
2. a deceiver; a cheat. He had been from the beginning a spy and a trepan. Macaulay.
TREPAN Tre*pan", v. t.
Defn: To insnare; to trap; to trapan. Guards even of a dozen men were silently trepanned from their stations. De Quincey.
TREPANG Tre*pang", n. Etym: [Malay tripang.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of several species of large holothurians, some of which are dried and extensively used as food in China; -- called also bêche de mer, sea cucumber, and sea slug. [Written also tripang.]
Note: The edible trepangs are mostly large species of Holothuria, especially H. edulis. They are taken in vast quantities in the East Indies, where they are dried and smoked, and then shipped to China. They are used as an ingredient in certain kinds of soup.
TREPANIZE Trep"an*ize, v. t.
Defn: To trepan. [Obs.] "By trepanizing the skull." Jer. Taylor.
TREPANNER Tre*pan"ner, n.
Defn: One who trepans. " Pitiful trepanners and impostors." Gauden.
TREPEGET Trep"e*get, n. (Mil.)
Defn: A trebuchet. [Obs.]
TREPHINE Tre*phine", n. Etym: [A dim. of 1st trepan: cf. F. tréphine.] (Surg.)
Defn: An instrument for trepanning, being an improvement on the trepan. It is a circular or cylindrical saw, with a handle like that of a gimlet, and a little sharp perforator called the center pin.
TREPHINE Tre*phine", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trephined; p. pr. & vb. n. Trephining.]
Defn: To perforate with a trephine; to trepan.
TREPID Trep"id, a. Etym: [L. trepidus.]
Defn: Trembling; quaking. Thackeray.
TREPIDATION Trep`i*da"tion, n. Etym: [F. trépidation, L. trepidatio, fr. trepidare to hurry with alarm, to tremble, from trepidus agitated, disturbed, alarmed; cf. trepit he turns, Gr. torture.]
1. An involuntary trembling, sometimes an effect of paralysis, but usually caused by terror or fear; quaking; quivering.
2. Hence, a state of terror or alarm; fear; confusion; fright; as, the men were in great trepidation.
3. (Anc. Astron.)
Defn: A libration of the starry sphere in the Ptolemaic system; a motion ascribed to the firmament, to account for certain small changes in the position of the ecliptic and of the stars.
Syn. -- Tremor; agitation; disturbance; fear.
TREPIDITY Tre*pid"i*ty, n.
Defn: Trepidation. [R.]
TRESAYLE Tres"ayle` (três"al`), n. Etym: [F. trisaïeul, from L. tris, tres, three + F. aïeul grandfather. Cf. Besaiel, and see Ayle.]
Defn: A grandfather's grandfather. [Obs.] Writ of tresayle (O. Eng. Law), a writ which lay for a man claiming as heir to his grandfather's grandfather, to recover lands of which he had been deprived by an abatement happening on the ancestor's death. Mozley & W.
TRESOR Tres"or, n.
Defn: Treasure. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TRESPASS Tres"pass, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trespassed; p. pr. & vb. n. Trespassing.] Etym: [OF. trespasser to go across or over, transgress, F. trépasser to die; pref. tres- (L. trans across, over) + passer to pass. See Pass, v. i., and cf. Transpass.]
1. To pass beyond a limit or boundary; hence, to depart; to go. [Obs.] Soon after this, noble Robert de Bruce . . . trespassed out of this uncertain world. Ld. Berners.
2. (Law)
Defn: To commit a trespass; esp., to enter unlawfully upon the land of another.
3. To go too far; to put any one to inconvenience by demand or importunity; to intrude; as, to trespass upon the time or patience of another.
4. To commit any offense, or to do any act that injures or annoys another; to violate any rule of rectitude, to the injury of another; hence, in a moral sense, to transgress voluntarily any divine law or command; to violate any known rule of duty; to sin; -- often followed by against. In the time of his distress did he trespass yet more against the Lord. 2 Chron. xxviii. 22.
TRESPASS Tres"pass, n. Etym: [OF. tr, F. trépas death. See Trespass, v.]
1. Any injury or offence done to another. I you forgive all wholly this trespass. Chaucer. If ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses. Matt. vi. 15.
2. Any voluntary transgression of the moral law; any violation of a known rule of duty; sin. The fatal trespass done by Eve. Milton. You . . . who were dead in trespasses and sins. Eph. if. 1.
3. (Law) (a) An unlawful act committed with force and violence (vi et armis) on the person, property, or relative rights of another. (b) An action for injuries accompanied with force. Trespass offering (Jewish Antiq.), an offering in expiation of a trespass. -- Trespass on the case. (Law) See Action on the case, under Case.
Syn. -- Offense; breach; infringement; transgression; misdemeanor; misdeed.
TRESPASSER Tres"pass*er, n.
Defn: One who commits a trespass; as: (a) (Law) One who enters upon another's land, or violates his rights. (b) A transgressor of the moral law; an offender; a sinner.
TRESS Tress, n. Etym: [OE. tresse, OF. trece, F. tresse, LL. tricia, fr. Gr. tri`cha threefold, because a tress is usually formed by interlacing three pieces; akin to trei^s three. See Three.]
1. A braid, knot, or curl, of hair; a ringlet. Her yellow hair was braided in a tress. Chaucer. Fair tresses man's imperial race insnare. Pope.
2. Fig.: A knot or festoon, as of flowers. Keats.
TRESSED Tressed, a.
1. Having tresses.
2. Formed into ringlets or braided; braided; curled. Spenser. Drayton.
TRESSEL Tres"sel, n.
Defn: A trestle.
TRESSFUL Tress"ful, a.
Defn: Tressy. [R.] Sylvester.
TRESSURE Tres"sure, n. Etym: [F. tresser to twist, plait. See Tress, n.] (Her.)
Defn: A kind of border similar to the orle, but of only half the breadth of the latter.
TRESSURED Tres"sured, a. (Her.)
Defn: Provided or bound with a tressure; arranged in the form of a tressure. The tressured fleur-de-lis he claims To wreathe his shield. Sir W. Scott.
TRESSY Tress"y, a.
Defn: Abounding in tresses. J. Baillie.
TRES-TINE Tres"-tine`, n. [Cf. L. tris, tres, three, and E. tyne, tine, a prong.]
Defn: The third tine above the base of a stag's antler; the royal antler.
TRESTLE Tres"tle, n. Etym: [OF. trestel, tresteay, F. tréteau; probably from L. transtillum a little crossbeam, dim. of transtrum a crossbeam. Cf. Transom.] [Written also tressel.]
1. A movable frame or support for anything, as scaffolding, consisting of three or four legs secured to a top piece, and forming a sort of stool or horse, used by carpenters, masons, and other workmen; also, a kind of framework of strong posts or piles, and crossbeams, for supporting a bridge, the track of a railway, or the like.
2. The frame of a table. Trestle board, a board used by architects, draughtsmen, and the like, for drawing designs upon; -- so called because commonly supported by trestles. -- Trestle bridge. See under Bridge, n.
TRESTLETREE Tres"tle*tree`, n. (Naut.)
Defn: One of two strong bars of timber, fixed horizontally on the opposite sides of the masthead, to support the crosstrees and the frame of the top; -- generally used in the plural. Totten.
TRESTLEWORK Tres"tle*work`, n.
Defn: A viaduct, pier, scaffold, or the like, resting on trestles connected together.
TRES-TYNE Tres"-tyne`, n. Etym: [L. tris, tres, three + E. tyne.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: In the antler of a stag, the third tyne above the base. This tyne appears in the third year. In those deer in which the brow tyne does not divide, the tres-tyne is the second tyne above the base. See Illust. under Rucervine, and under Rusine.
TRET Tret, obs.
Defn: 3d pers. sing. pres. of Tread, for treadeth. Chaucer.
TRET Tret, n. Etym: [F. traite a drawing, trading, journey, tax on wares in transit, anything diminishing the value of coins, fr. OF. traire to draw, L. trahere. See Trait.] (Com.)
Defn: An allowance to purchasers, for waste or refuse matter, of four pounds on every 104 pounds of suttle weight, or weight after the tare deducted. M'Culloch.
TRETABLE Tret"a*ble, a. Etym: [See Treatable.]
Defn: Tractable; moderate. [Obs.] By nature debonaire and tretable. Chaucer.
TRETHING Treth"ing, n. Etym: [W. treth an allowance, contribution, tribute, or tax, trethu to rate or tax.]
Defn: A tax; an impost. [Obs.] Johnson.
TRETIS; TRETYS Tre"tis, Tre"tys, n. Etym: [See Treatise.]
Defn: A treatise; also, a treaty. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TRETIS; TRETYS Tre*tis", Tre*tys", a. Etym: [OF. traitis.]
Defn: Long and well-proportioned; nicely made; pretty. [Obs.] "Her nose tretys." Chaucer.
TREVAT Tre"vat, n.
Defn: A weaver's cutting instrument; for severing the loops of the pile threads of velvet.
TREVET Trev"et, n. Etym: [See Trivet.]
Defn: A stool or other thing supported by three legs; a trivet.
TREW; TREWE Trew, Trewe, a.
Defn: True. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TREWS Trews, n. pl.
Defn: Trowsers; especially, those of the Scotch Highlanders. "He wore the trews, or close trowsers, made of tartan." Sir W. Scott.
TREWTH Trewth, n.
Defn: Truth. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TREY Trey, n. Etym: [OF. treis three, F. trois, L. tres. See Three, and cf. Tray-trip.]
Defn: Three, at cards, dice, or dominoes; a card, die, or domino of three spots or pips. Seven is my chance and thine is cinq and trey. Chaucer.
TRI- Tri-. Etym: [Gr. tri- or L. tri-, sometimes through French; akin to L. tres three, and E. three. See Three.]
1. A prefix meaning three, thrice, threefold; as in tricolored, tridentate.
2. (Chem.)
Defn: A prefix (also used adjectively) denoting three proportional or combining part, or the third degree of that to the name of which it is prefixed; as in trisulphide, trioxide, trichloride.
TRIABLE Tri"a*ble, a. Etym: [From Try.]
1. Fit or possible to be tried; liable to be subjected to trial or test. "Experiments triable." Boyle.
2. (Law)
Defn: Liable to undergo a judicial examination; properly coming under the cognizance of a court; as, a cause may be triable before one court which is not triable in another.
TRIABLENESS Tri"a*ble*ness, n.
Defn: Quality or state of being triable.
TRIACID Tri*ac"id, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + acid.] (Chem.)
Defn: Capable of neutralizing three molecules of a monobasic acid or the equivalent; having three hydrogen atoms which may be acid radicals; -- said of certain bases; thus, glycerin is a triacid base.
TRIACLE Tri"a*cle, n.
Defn: See Treacle. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TRIACONTAHEDRAL Tri`a*con`ta*he"dral, a. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: Having thirty sides.
TRIACONTER Tri"a*con`ter, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)
Defn: A vessel with thirty banks of oars, or, as some say, thirty ranks of rowers.
TRIAD Tri"ad, n. Etym: [L.trias, -adis, Gr. triade. See Three, and cf. Trias, Trio.]
1. A union of three; three objects treated as one; a ternary; a trinity; as, a triad of deities.
2. (Mus.) (a) A chord of three notes. (b) The common chord, consisting of a tone with its third and fifth, with or without the octave.
3. (Chem.)
Defn: An element or radical whose valence is three. Triads of the Welsh bards, poetical histories, in which the facts recorded are grouped by threes, three things or circumstances of a kind being mentioned together. -- Hindoo triad. See Trimurti.
TRIADELPHOUS Tri`a*del"phous, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: Having stamens joined by filaments into three bundles. See Illust. under Adelphous.
TRIADIC Tri*ad"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Having the characteristics of a triad; as, boron is triadic.
TRIAKISOCTAHEDRON Tri"a*kis*oc`ta*he"dron, n. Etym: [Gr. octahedron.] (Crystalloq.)
Defn: A trigonal trisoctahedron.
TRIAL Tri"al, n. Etym: [From Try.]
1. The act of trying or testing in any manner. Specifically: -- (a) Any effort or exertion of strength for the purpose of ascertaining what can be done or effected. [I] defy thee to the trial of mortal fight. Milton.
(b) The act of testing by experience; proof; test. Repeated trials of the issues and events of actions. Bp. Wilkins.
(c) Examination by a test; experiment, as in chemistry, metallurgy, etc.
2. The state of being tried or tempted; exposure to suffering that tests strength, patience, faith, or the like; affliction or temptation that exercises and proves the graces or virtues of men. Others had trial of cruel mockings and scourgings. Heb. xi. 36.
3. That which tries or afflicts; that which harasses; that which tries the character or principles; that which tempts to evil; as, his child's conduct was a sore trial. Every station is exposed to some trials. Rogers.
4. (Law)
Defn: The formal examination of the matter in issue in a cause before a competent tribunal; the mode of determining a question of fact in a court of law; the examination, in legal form, of the facts in issue in a cause pending before a competent tribunal, for the purpose of determining such issue.
Syn. -- Test; attempt; endeavor; effort; experiment; proof; essay. See Test, and Attempt.
TRIAL BALANCE Tri"al bal`ance. (Bookkeeping)
Defn: The testing of a ledger to discover whether the debits and credits balance, by finding whether the sum of the personal credits increased by the difference between the debit and credit sums in the merchandise and other impersonal accounts equals the sum of personal debits. The equality would not show that the items were all correctly posted.
TRIALITY Tri*al"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. tres, tria, three.]
Defn: Three united; state of being three. [R.] H. Wharton.
TRIALOGUE Tri"a*logue, n. Etym: [LL.trialogus; tri- (see Tri-) + -logus as, in L. dialogus, E. dialogue.]
Defn: A discourse or colloquy by three persons.
TRIAMIDE Tri*am"ide, n. Etym: [tri- + amine.] (Chem.)
Defn: An amide containing three amido groups.
TRIAMINE Tri*am"ine, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + amine.] (Chem.)
Defn: An amine containing three amido groups.
TRIANDER Tri"an`der, n. (Bot.)
Defn: Any one of the Triandria.
TRIANDRIA Tri*an"dri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Tri-, and -androus.] (Bot.)
Defn: A Linnæan class of plants having three distinct and equal stamens.
TRIANDRIAN; TRIANDROUS Tri*an"dri*an, Tri*an"drous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. triandre.] (Bot.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Triandria; having three distinct and equal stamens in the same flower.
TRIANGLE Tri"an`gle, n. Etym: [L. triangulum, fr. triangulus triangular; tri- (see Tri-) + angulus angle: cf. F. triangle. See Angle a corner.]
1. (Geom.)
Defn: A figure bounded by three lines, and containing three angles.
Note: A triangle is either plane, spherical, or curvilinear, according as its sides are straight lines, or arcs of great circles of a sphere, or any curved lines whatever. A plane triangle is designated as scalene, isosceles, or equilateral, according as it has no two sides equal, two sides equal, or all sides equal; and also as right-angled, or oblique-angled, according as it has one right angle, or none; and oblique-angled triangle is either acute-angled, or obtuse-angled, according as all the angles are acute, or one of them obtuse. The terms scalene, isosceles, equilateral, right-angled, acute-angled, and obtuse-angled, are applied to spherical triangles in the same sense as to plane triangles.
2. (Mus.)
Defn: An instrument of percussion, usually made of a rod of steel, bent into the form of a triangle, open at one angle, and sounded by being struck with a small metallic rod.
3. A draughtsman's square in the form of a right-angled triangle.
4. (Mus.)
Defn: A kind of frame formed of three poles stuck in the ground and united at the top, to which soldiers were bound when undergoing corporal punishment, -- now disused.
5. (Astron.) (a) A small constellation situated between Aries and Andromeda. (b) A small constellation near the South Pole, containing three bright stars. Triangle spider (Zoöl.), a small American spider (Hyptiotes Americanus) of the family Ciniflonidæ, living among the dead branches of evergreen trees. It constructs a triangular web, or net, usually composed of four radii crossed by a double elastic fiber. The spider holds the thread at the apex of the web and stretches it tight, but lets go and springs the net when an insect comes in contact with it.
TRIANGLED Tri"an`gled, a.
Defn: Having three angles; triangular.
TRIANGULAR Tri*an"gu*lar, a. Etym: [L. triangularis: cf. F. triangulaire.]
1. Having three angles; having the form of a triangle.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: Oblong or elongated, and having three lateral angles; as, a triangular seed, leaf, or stem. Triangular compasses, compasses with three legs for taking off the angular points of a triangle, or any three points at the same time. -- Triangular crab (Zoöl.), any maioid crab; -- so called because the carapace is usually triangular. -- Triangular numbers (Math.), the series of numbers formed by the successive sums of the terms of an arithmetical progression, of which the first term and the common difference are 1. See Figurate numbers, under Figurate.
TRIANGULARES Tri*an`gu*la"res, n. pl. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The triangular, or maioid, crabs. See Illust. under Maioid, and Illust. of Spider crab, under Spider.
TRIANGULARITY Tri*an`gu*lar"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being triangular. Bolingbroke.
TRIANGULARLY Tri*an"gu*lar*ly, adv.
Defn: In a triangular manner; in the form of a triangle. Dampier.
TRIANGULATE Tri*an"gu*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Triangulated; p. pr. & vb. n. Triangulating.]
1. To divide into triangles; specifically, to survey by means of a series of triangles properly laid down and measured.
2. To make triangular, or three-cornered.
TRIANGULATION Tri*an`gu*la"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. triangulation.] (Surv.)
Defn: The series or network of triangles into which the face of a country, or any portion of it, is divided in a trigonometrical survey; the operation of measuring the elements necessary to determine the triangles into which the country to be surveyed is supposed to be divided, and thus to fix the positions and distances of the several points connected by them.
TRIARCHY Tri"ar*chy, n.; pl. Triarchies. Etym: [Gr. Tri-) +
Defn: Government by three persons; a triumvirate; also, a country under three rulers. Holland.
TRIARIAN Tri*a"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. triarii, pl., a class of Roman soldiers who formed the third rank from the front, fr. tres, tria, three.]
Defn: Occupying the third post or rank. [Obs.] Cowley.
TRIARTICULATE Tri`ar*tic"u*late, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + articulate.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having three joints.
TRIAS Tri"as, n. Etym: [L., triad. See Triad.] (Geol.)
Defn: The formation situated between the Permian and Lias, and so named by the Germans, because consisting of three series of strata, which are called in German the Bunter sandstein, Muschelkalk, and Keuper.
TRIASSIC Tri*as"sic, a. (Geol.)
Defn: Of the age of, or pertaining to, the Trias. -- n.
Defn: The Triassic formation.
TRIATIC Tri*at"ic, a. (Naut.)
Defn: A term used in the phrase triatic stay. See under Stay.
TRIATOMIC Tri`a*tom"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + atomic.] (Chem.) (a) Having three atoms; -- said of certain elements or radicals. (b) Having a valence of three; trivalent; sometimes, in a specific sense, having three hydroxyl groups, whether acid or basic; thus, glycerin, glyceric acid, and tartronic acid are each triatomic.
TRIBAL Trib"al, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a tribe or tribes; as, a tribal scepter. Bp. Warburton.
TRIBALISM Trib"al*ism, n.
Defn: The state of existing in tribes; also, tribal feeling; tribal prejudice or exclusiveness; tribal peculiarities or characteristics.
TRIBASIC Tri*ba"sic, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + basic.] (Chem.)
Defn: Capable of neutralizing three molecules of a monacid base, or their equivalent; having three hydrogen atoms capable of replacement by basic elements on radicals; -- said of certain acids; thus, citric acid is a tribasic acid.
TRIBBLE Trib"ble, n. (Paper Manuf.)
Defn: A frame on which paper is dried. Knight.
TRIBE Tribe, n. Etym: [L. tribus, originally, a third part of the Roman people, afterwards, a division of the people, a tribe; of uncertain origin: cf. F. tribu.]
1. A family, race, or series of generations, descending from the same progenitor, and kept distinct, as in the case of the twelve tribes of Israel, descended from the twelve sons of Jacob. "The Lion of the tribe of Juda." Rev. v. 5. A wealthy Hebrew of my tribe. Shak.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: A number of species or genera having certain structural characteristics in common; as, a tribe of plants; a tribe of animals.
Note: By many recent naturalists, tribe has been used for a group of animals or plants intermediate between order and genus.family is between order and genus.
3. A nation of savages or uncivilized people; a body of rude people united under one leader or government; as, the tribes of the Six Nations; the Seneca tribe.
4. A division, class, or distinct portion of a people, from whatever cause that distinction may have originated; as, the city of Athens was divided into ten tribes.
5. (Stock Breeding)
Defn: A family of animals descended from some particular female progenitor, through the female line; as, the Duchess tribe of shorthorns.
TRIBE Tribe, v. t.
Defn: To distribute into tribes or classes. [R.] Our fowl, fish, and quadruped are well tribed. Abp. Nicolson.
TRIBLET; TRIBOLET Trib"let, Trib"o*let, n.} Etym: [F. triboulet.]
1. A goldsmith's tool used in making rings. Ainsworth.
2. A steel cylinder round which metal is drawn in the process of forming tubes. Tomlinson.
3. (Blacksmithing)
Defn: A tapering mandrel.
TRIBOMETER Tri*bom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. tribomètre.]
Defn: An instrument to ascertain the degree of friction in rubbing surfaces. Brande & C.
TRIBRACH Tri"brach, n. Etym: [L. tribrachys, Gr. Tri-) + (Gr. & L. Pros.)
Defn: A poetic foot of three short syllables, as, mèlì\'dcs.
TRIBRACTEATE Tri*brac"te*ate, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + bracteate.] (Bot.)
Defn: Having three bracts.
TRIBROMOPHENOL; TRIBROMPHENOL Tri*bro`mo*phe"nol, Tri`brom*phe"nol, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A colorless crystalline substance prepared by the reaction of carbolic acid with bromine.
TRIBUAL; TRIBULAR Trib"u*al, Trib"u*lar, a.
Defn: Of or relating to a tribe; tribal; as, a tribual characteristic; tribular worship. [R.] The tribual lispings of the Ephraimites. Fuller.
TRIBULATION Trib`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [OE. tribulacium, F. tribulation, L. tribulatio, from tribulare to press, afflict, fr. tribulum a thrashing sledge, akin to terere, tritum, to rub. See Trite.]
Defn: That which occasions distress, trouble, or vexation; severe affliction. When tribulation or persecution ariseth because of the word, by and by he is offended. Matt. xiii. 21. In the world ye shall have tribulation. John. xvi. 33.
TRIBUNAL Tri*bu"nal, n. Etym: [L. tribunal, fr. tribunus a tribune who administered justice: cf. F. tribunal. See Tribune.]
1. The seat of a judge; the bench on which a judge and his associates sit for administering justice.
2. Hence, a court or forum; as, the House of Lords, in England, is the highest tribunal in the kingdom.
TRIBUNARY Trib"u*na*ry, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to tribunes; as, tribunary powers or authority.
TRIBUNATE Trib"u*nate, n. Etym: [L. tribunatus: cf. F. tribunat.]
Defn: The state or office of a tribune; tribuneship.
TRIBUNE Trib"une, n. Etym: [L. tribunus, properly, the chief of a tribe, fr. tribus tribe: cf. F. tribun. See Tribe.]
1. (Rom. Antiq.)
Defn: An officer or magistrate chosen by the people, to protect them from the oppression of the patricians, or nobles, and to defend their liberties against any attempts that might be made upon them by the senate and consuls.
Note: The tribunes were at first two, but their number was increased ultimately to ten. There were also military tribunes, officers of the army, of whom there were from four to six in each legion. Other officers were also called tribunes; as, tribunes of the treasury, etc.
2. Anciently, a bench or elevated place, from which speeches were delivered; in France, a kind of pulpit in the hall of the legislative assembly, where a member stands while making an address; any place occupied by a public orator.
TRIBUNESHIP Trib"une*ship, n.
Defn: The office or power of a tribune.
TRIBUNICIAN; TRIBUNITIAL; TRIBUNITIAN Trib`u*ni"cian, Trib`u*ni"tial, Trib`u*ni*tian, a. Etym: [L. tribunicius, tribunitius: cf. F. tribunitien.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to tribunes; befitting a tribune; as, tribunitial power or authority. Dryden. A kind of tribunician veto, forbidding that which is recognized to be wrong. Hare.
TRIBUNITIOUS Trib`u*ni"tious, a.
Defn: Tribunician; tribunitial. [Obs.] Bacon.
TRIBUTARILY Trib"u*ta*ri*ly, adv.
Defn: In a tributary manner.
TRIBUTARINESS Trib"u*ta*ri*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being tributary.
TRIBUTARY Trib"u*ta*ry, a. Etym: [OE. tributaire, F. tributaire, L. tributarius. See Tribute.]
1. Paying tribute to another, either from compulsion, as an acknowledgment of submission, or to secure protection, or for the purpose of purchasing peace. [Julius] unto Rome made them tributary. Chaucer.
2. Hence, subject; subordinate; inferior. He to grace his tributary gods. Milton.
3. Paid in tribute. "Tributary tears." Shak.
4. Yielding supplies of any kind; serving to form or make up, a greater object of the same kind, as a part, branch, etc.; contributing; as, the Ohio has many tributary streams, and is itself tributary to the Mississippi.
TRIBUTARY Trib"u*ta*ry, n.; pl. Tributaries (.
1. A ruler or state that pays tribute, or a stated sum, to a conquering power, for the purpose of securing peace and protection, or as an acknowledgment of submission, or for the purchase of security.
2. A stream or river flowing into a larger river or into a lake; an affluent.
TRIBUTE Trib"ute, n. Etym: [OE. tribut, L. tributum, fr. tribuere, tributum, to bestow, grant, pay, allot, assign, originally, to a tribe, from tribus tribe; cf. F. tribut. See Tribe, and cf. Attribute, Contribute.]
1. An annual or stated sum of money or other valuable thing, paid by one ruler or nation to another, either as an acknowledgment of submission, or as the price of peace and protection, or by virtue of some treaty; as, the Romans made their conquered countries pay tribute. Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute. C. C. Pinckney.
2. A personal contribution, as of money, praise, service, etc., made in token of services rendered, or as that which is due or deserved; as, a tribute of affection. Implores the passing tribute of a sigh. Gray.
3. (Mining)
Defn: A certain proportion of the ore raised, or of its value, given to the miner as his recompense. Pryce. Tomlinson. Tribute money, money paid as a tribute or tax. -- Tribute pitch. (Mining) See under Tributer. [Eng.]
Syn. -- See Subsidy.
TRIBUTE Trib"ute, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tributed; p. pr. & vb. n. Tributing.]
Defn: To pay as tribute. [R.] Whitlock (1654).
TRIBUTER Trib"u*ter, n. (Mining)
Defn: One who works for a certain portion of the ore, or its value. [Eng.]
Note: Tributers generally work in gangs, and have a limited portion of a lode set them, called a tribute pitch, beyond which they are not permitted to work, and for which they receive a certain portion of the ore, or so much per pound, as agreed upon, of the value of what they raise. Weale.
TRICA Tri"ca, n.; pl. Tricæ. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)
Defn: An apothecium in certain lichens, having a spherical surface marked with spiral or concentric ridges and furrows.
TRICARBALLYLIC Tri*car`bal*lyl"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + carboxyl + allyl + -ic.] (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a complex tribasic organic acid, C3H5.(CO2H)3 occurring naturally in unripe beet roots, and produced artificially from glycerin as a white crystalline substance.
TRICARBIMIDE Tri*car"bi*mide, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + carbimide.] (Chem.)
Defn: See under Cyanuric.
TRICE Trice, v. t. Etym: [OE. trisen; of Scand. or Low German origin; cf. Sw. trissa a sheave, pulley, triss a spritsail brace, Dan. tridse a pulley, tridse to haul by means of a pulley, to trice, LG. trisse a pulley, D. trijsen to hoist.] [Written also trise.]
1. To pull; to haul; to drag; to pull away. [Obs.] Out of his seat I will him trice. Chaucer.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: To haul and tie up by means of a rope.
TRICE Trice, n. Etym: [Sp. tris the noise made by the breaking of glass, an instant, en un tris in an instant; probably of imitative origin.]
Defn: A very short time; an instant; a moment; -- now used only in the phrase in a trice. "With a trice." Turbervile. " On a trice." Shak. A man shall make his fortune in a trice. Young.
TRICENNARIOUS Tri`cen*na"ri*ous, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to thirty years; tricennial. [R.]
TRICENNIAL Tri*cen"ni*al, a. Etym: [L. tricennium thirty years; triginta thirty + annus year: cf. L. tricennalis.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to thirty years; consisting of thirty years; occurring once in every thirty years.
TRICENTENARY Tri*cen"te*na*ry, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + centenary.]
Defn: Including, or relating to, the interval of three hundred years; tercentenary. -- n.
Defn: A period of three centuries, or three hundred years, also, the three-hundredth anniversary of any event; a tercentenary.
TRICEPS Tri"ceps, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. triceps, having three beads; tres, tria, three + caput head: cf. F. triceps. See Three, and Chief.] (Anat.)
Defn: A muscle having three heads; specif., the great extensor of the forearm, arising by three heads and inserted into the olecranon at the elbow.
TRICHIASIS Tri*chi"a*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)
Defn: A disease of the eye, in which the eyelashes, being turned in upon the eyeball, produce constant irritation by the motion of the lids.
TRICHINA Tri*chi"na (-na), n.; pl. Trichinæ. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A small, slender nematoid worm (Trichina spiralis) which, in the larval state, is parasitic, often in immense numbers, in the voluntary muscles of man, the hog, and many other animals. When insufficiently cooked meat containing the larvæ is swallowed by man, they are liberated and rapidly become adult, pair, and the ovoviviparous females produce in a short time large numbers of young which find their way into the muscles, either directly, or indirectly by means of the blood. Their presence in the muscles and the intestines in large numbers produces trichinosis.
TRICHINIASIS Trich`i*ni"a*sis, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)
Defn: Trichinosis.
TRICHINIZE Trich"i*nize, v. t.
Defn: To render trichinous; to affect with trichinæ; -- chiefly used in the past participle; as, trichinized pork.
TRICHINOSCOPE Tri*chi"no*scope, n. Etym: [Trichina + -scope.]
Defn: An apparatus for the detection of trichinæ in the flesh of animals, as of swine.
TRICHINOSIS Trich`i*no"sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Trichina.] (Med.)
Defn: The disease produced by the presence of trichinæ in the muscles and intestinal track. It is marked by fever, muscular pains, and symptoms resembling those of typhoid fever, and is frequently fatal.
TRICHINOUS Trich"i*nous, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to trichinæ or trichinosis; affected with, or containing, trichinæ; as, trichinous meat.
TRICHITE Trich"ite, n. Etym: [Gr.
1. (Min.)
Defn: A kind of crystallite resembling a bunch of hairs, common in obsidian. See Illust. of Crystallite.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A delicate, hairlike siliceous spicule, found in certain sponges. Trichite sheaf (Zoöl.), one of the small sheaflike fascicles of slender setæ characteristic of certain sponges. See Illust. under Spicule.
TRICHIURIFORM Trich`i*u"ri*form, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Like or pertaining to the genus Trichiurus or family Trichiuridæ, comprising the scabbard fishes and hairtails.
TRICHIUROID Trich`i*u"roid, a. Etym: [Trichiurus + -oid.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of, like, or pertaining to, Trichiurus.
TRICHIURUS Trich`i*u"rus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of fishes comprising the hairtails. See Hairtail.
TRICHLORIDE Tri*chlo"ride, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + chloride.] (Chem.)
Defn: A chloride having three atoms of chlorine in the molecule.
TRICHOBRANCHIA Trich`o*bran"chi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. branchia.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The gill of a crustacean in which the branchial filaments are slender and cylindrical, as in the crawfishes.
TRICHOCYST Trich"o*cyst, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A lasso cell.
TRICHOGYNE Trich"o*gyne, n. Etym: [F., fr. Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: The slender, hairlike cell which receives the fertilizing particles, or antherozoids, in red seaweeds. -- Trich`o*gyn"ic, a.
TRICHOMANES Tri*chom"a*nes, n. Etym: [L., a kind of plant, from Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: Any fern of the genus Trichomanes. The fronds are very delicate and often translucent, and the sporangia are borne on threadlike receptacles rising from the middle of cup-shaped marginal involucres. Several species are common in conservatories; two are native in the United States.
TRICHOMATOSE Tri*chom"a*tose`, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)
Defn: Affected with a disease which causes agglutination and matting together; -- said of the hair when affected with plica. See Plica, 1.
TRICHOME Trich"ome, n. Etym: [See Trichomatose.] (Bot.)
Defn: A hair on the surface of leaf or stem, or any modification of a hair, as a minute scale, or star, or gland. The sporangia of ferns are believed to be of the nature of trichomes. -- Tri*chom"a*tous, a.
TRICHOPHORE Trich"o*phore, n. Etym: [Gr.
1. (Bot.)
Defn: The special cell in red algæ which produces or bears a trichogyne. See Illust. of Trichogyne.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the saclike organs from which the setæ of annelids arise. -- Trich`o*phor"ic, a.
TRICHOPTER Tri*chop"ter, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the Trichoptera.
TRICHOPTERA Tri*chop"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A suborder of Neuroptera usually having the wings covered with minute hairs. It comprises the caddice flies, and is considered by some to be a distinct order.
TRICHOPTERAN Tri*chop"ter*an, (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the Trichoptera.
TRICHOPTEROUS Tri*chop"ter*ous, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or characterizing, the Trichoptera.
TRICHORD Tri"chord, n. Etym: [Gr. Tri-) + , or string.] (Mus.)
Defn: An instrument, as a lyre or harp, having three strings.
TRICHOSCOLICES Trich`o*scol"i*ces, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. tri`x, tricho`s, hair + skw`lhx a worm.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: An extensive group of wormlike animals characterized by being more or less covered with cilia.
TRICHOTOMOUS Tri*chot"o*mous, a. Etym: [See Trichotomy.]
Defn: Divided into three parts, or into threes; three-forked; as, a trichotomous stem. Martyn.
TRICHOTOMY Tri*chot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. tri`cha threefold, in three parts + te`mnein to cut or divide: cf. F. trichotomie.]
Defn: Division into three parts.
TRICHROIC Tri*chro"ic, a.
Defn: Exhibiting trichroism; pleochroic; pleochroism.
TRICHROISM Tri"chro*ism, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. trichroïsme.] (Min.)
Defn: The quality possessed by some crystals of presenting different colors in three different directions.
TRICHROMATIC Tri`chro*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + chromatic.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having or existing in three different phases of color; having three distinct color varieties; -- said of certain birds and insects.
TRICHROMATISM Tri*chro"ma*tism, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The quality, state, or phenomenon of being trichromatic.
TRICHROMIC Tri*chro"mic, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Opt.)
Defn: If, pertaining to, or consisting of, three colors or color sensations.
TRICHROMIC Tri*chro"mic, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + chromic.] (Chem.)
Defn: Containing three atoms of chromium.
TRICIPITAL Tri*cip"i*tal, a. Etym: [See Triceps.] (Anat.)
Defn: Having three heads, or three origins; as, a tricipital muscle.
TRICK Trick, n. Etym: [D. trek a pull, or drawing, a trick, trekken to draw; akin to LG. trekken, MHG. trecken, trechen, Dan. trække, and OFries. trekka. Cf. Track, Trachery, Trig, a., Trigger.]
1. An artifice or stratagem; a cunning contrivance; a sly procedure, usually with a dishonest intent; as, a trick in trade. tricks of the trade mean simply specialized knowledge, in a good or neutral sense. He comes to me for counsel, and I show him a trick. South. I know a trick worth two of that. Shak.
2. A sly, dexterous, or ingenious procedure fitted to puzzle or amuse; as, a bear's tricks; a juggler's tricks.
3. Mischievous or annoying behavior; a prank; as, the tricks of boys. Prior.
4. A particular habit or manner; a peculiarity; a trait; as, a trick of drumming with the fingers; a trick of frowning. The trick of that voice I do well remember. Shak. He hath a trick of Coeur de Lion's face. Shak.
5. A knot, braid, or plait of hair. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
6. (Card Playing)
Defn: The whole number of cards played in one round, and consisting of as many cards as there are players. On one nice trick depends the general fate. Pope.
7. (Naut.)
Defn: A turn; specifically, the spell of a sailor at the helm, -- usually two hours.
8. A toy; a trifle; a plaything. [Obs.] Shak.
Syn. -- Stratagem; wile; fraud; cheat; juggle; finesse; sleight; deception; imposture; delusion; imposition.
TRICK Trick, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tricked; p. pr. & vb. n. Tricking.]
1. To deceive by cunning or artifice; to impose on; to defraud; to cheat; as, to trick another in the sale of a horse.
2. To dress; to decorate; to set off; to adorn fantastically; -- often followed by up, off, or out. " Trick her off in air." Pope. People lavish it profusely in tricking up their children in fine clothes, and yet starve their minds. Locke. They are simple, but majestic, records of the feelings of the poet; as little tricked out for the public eye as his diary would have been. Macaulay.
3. To draw in outline, as with a pen; to delineate or distinguish without color, as arms, etc., in heraldry. They forget that they are in the statutes: . . . there they are tricked, they and their pedigrees. B. Jonson.
TRICKER Trick"er, n.
Defn: One who tricks; a trickster.
TRICKER Trick"er, n.
Defn: A trigger. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Boyle.
TRICKERY Trick"er*y, n.
Defn: The art of dressing up; artifice; stratagem; fraud; imposture.
TRICKINESS Trick"i*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being tricky.
TRICKING Trick"ing, a.
Defn: Given to tricks; tricky. Sir W. Scott.
TRICKING Trick"ing, n.
Defn: Dress; ornament. Shak.
TRICKISH Trick"ish, a.
Defn: Given to tricks; artful in making bargains; given to deception and cheating; knavish. -- Trick"ish*ly, adv. -- Trick"ish*ness, n.
TRICKLE Tric"kle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trickled; p. pr. & vb. n. Trickling.] Etym: [OE. triklen, probably for striklen, freq. of striken to flow, AS. str. See Strike, v. t.]
Defn: To flow in a small, gentle stream; to run in drops. His salt tears trickled down as rain. Chaucer. Fast beside there trickled softly down A gentle stream. Spenser.
TRICKMENT Trick"ment, n.
Defn: Decoration. [Obs.] " No trickments but my tears." Beau. & Fl.
TRICKSINESS Trick"si*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being tricksy; trickiness. G. Eliot.
TRICKSTER Trick"ster, n.
Defn: One who tricks; a deceiver; a tricker; a cheat.
TRICKSY Trick"sy, a. Etym: [From Trick.]
Defn: Exhibiting artfulness; trickish. "My tricksy spirit!" Shak. he tricksy policy which in the seventeenth century passed for state wisdom. Coleridge.
TRICKTRACK Trick"track`, n. Etym: [F. trictrac. Cf. Ticktack backgammon.]
Defn: An old game resembling backgammon.
TRICKY Trick"y, a.
Defn: Given to tricks; practicing deception; trickish; knavish.
TRICLINATE Tric"li*nate, a. (Min.)
Defn: Triclinic.
TRICLINIARY Tri*clin"i*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. tricliniaris. See Triclinium.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to a triclinium, or to the ancient mode of reclining at table.
TRICLINIC Tri*clin"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Crystallog.)
Defn: Having, or characterized by, three unequal axes intersecting at oblique angles. See the Note under crystallization.
TRICLINIUM Tri*clin"i*um, n.; pl. Triclinia. Etym: [L., from Gr. Tri-) + a couch.] (Rom. Antiq.) (a) A couch for reclining at meals, extending round three sides of a table, and usually in three parts. (b) A dining room furnished with such a triple couch.
TRICOCCOUS Tri*coc"cous, a. Etym: [Gr. tri`kokkos with three grains or berries; Tri-) + ko`kkos grain, seed.] (Bot.)
Defn: Having three cocci, or roundish carpels. Gray.
TRICOLOR Tri"col`or, n. Etym: [F. tricolore, drapeau tricolore a tricolored flag, fr. tricolore three-colored; tri (see Tri-) + L. color color.] [Written also tricolour.]
1. The national French banner, of three colors, blue, white, and red, adopted at the first revolution.
2. Hence, any three-colored flag.
TRICOLORED Tri"col`ored, a.
Defn: Having three colors.
TRICORNIGEROUS Tri`cor*nig"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. tricorniger; tricornis three-horned (see Tri-, and Horn) + -gerere to bear.]
Defn: Having three horns.
TRICORPORAL; TRICORPORATE Tri*cor"po*ral, Tri*cor"po*rate, a. Etym: [L. tricorpor; tri- (see Tri-) + corpus, -oris, body.] (Her.)
Defn: Represented with three bodies conjoined to one head, as a lion.
TRICOSTATE Tri*cos"tate, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + costate.] (Bot.)
Defn: Three-ribbed; having three ribs from the base.
TRICOT Tri`cot", n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: A fabric of woolen, silk, or cotton knitted, or women to resemble knitted work.
TRICROTIC Tri*crot"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Physiol.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to tricrotism; characterized by tricrotism.
TRICROTISM Tri"cro*tism, n. (Physiol.)
Defn: That condition of the arterial pulse in which there is a triple beat. The pulse curve obtained in the sphygmographic tracing characteristic of tricrotism shows two secondary crests in addition to the primary.
TRICROTOUS Tri"cro*tous, a. (Physiol.)
Defn: Tricrotic.
TRICURVATE Tri*cur"vate, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + curvate.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Curved in three directions; as, a tricurvate spicule (see Illust. of Spicule).
TRICUSPID Tri*cus"pid, a. Etym: [L. tricuspis, -idis; tri- (see Tri-) + cuspis a point: cf. F. tricuspide.]
1. Having three cusps, or points; tricuspidate; as, a tricuspid molar.
2. (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the tricuspid valves; as, tricuspid obstruction. Tricuspid valve (Anat.), the valve, consisting of three triangular membranous flaps, at the opening of the right auricle into the right ventricle in the heart of most mammals; -- sometimes called the tricuspid valves, each flap being regarded as a valve.
TRICUSPIDATE Tricus"pid*ate, a.
Defn: Three-pointed; ending in three points; as, a tricuspidate leaf.
TRICYCLE Tri"cy*cle, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + cycle as inbicycle.]
Defn: A three-wheeled velocipede. See Illust. under Velocipede. Cf. Bicycle.
TRIDACNA Tri*dac"na, n. Etym: [L., pl., a kind of oysters, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of very large marine bivalve shells found on the coral reefs of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. One species (T. gigas) often weighs four or five hundred pounds, and is sometimes used for baptismal fonts. Called also paw shell, and fountain shell.
TRIDACTYL; TRIDACTYLE Tri*dac"tyl Tri*dac"tyle, a. Etym: [Gr. Tri-) + tridactyle.] (Biol.)
Defn: Having three fingers or toes, or composed of three movable parts attached to a common base.
TRIDACTYLOUS Tri*dac"tyl*ous, a. (Biol.)
Defn: Tridactyl.
TRIDDLER Trid"dler, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The jacksnipe. [Local, U.S.]
TRIDE Tride, a. Etym: [Cf. F. tride lively, quick.]
Defn: Short and ready; fleet; as, a tride pace; -- a term used by sportsmen. Bailey.
TRIDECANE Tri*dec"ane, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Chem.)
Defn: A hydrocarbon, C13H28, of the methane series, which is a probable ingredient both of crude petroleum and of kerosene, and is produced artificially as a light colorless liquid.
TRIDECATOIC Tri`dec*a*to"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. de`katos tenth.] (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, that acid of the fatty acids heterologous with tridecane. It is a white crystalline substance.
TRIDECATYLENE Tri`de*cat"y*lene, n. Etym: [Pref. tri-+ Gr. ylene.] (Chem.)
Defn: A hydrocarbon, C13H26, of the ethylene series, corresponding to tridecane, and obtained from Burmah petroleum as a light colorless liquid; -- called also tridecylene, and tridecene.
TRIDENT Tri"dent, n. Etym: [L. tridens, -entis; tri- (see Tri-) + dens tooth: cf. F. trident. See Tooth.]
1. (Class Myth.)
Defn: A kind of scepter or spear with three prongs, -- the common attribute of Neptune.
2. (Rom. Antiq.)
Defn: A three-pronged spear or goad, used for urging horses; also, the weapon used by one class of gladiators.
3. A three-pronged fish spear.
4. (Geom.)
Defn: A curve of third order, having three infinite branches in the direction and a fourth infinite branch in the opposite direction. Trident bat (Zoöl.), an Asiatic rhinolophid bat (Triænops Persicus), having the nose membrane in the shape of a trident.
TRIDENT Tri"dent, a. Etym: [L. tridens.]
Defn: Having three teeth or prongs; tridentate.
TRIDENTATE; TRIDENTATED Tri*den"tate, Tri*den"ta*ted, a. Etym: [NL. tridentatus. See Trident.]
Defn: Having three teeth; three-toothed. Lee.
TRIDENTED Tri"dent*ed, a.
Defn: Having three prongs; trident; tridentate; as, a tridented mace. [R.] Quarles.
TRIDENTIFEROUS Tri`dent*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. tridentifer; tridens trident + ferre to bear.]
Defn: Bearing a trident.
TRIDENTINE Tri*den"tine, a. Etym: [From L. Tridentum Trent.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to Trent, or the general church council held in that city.
TRIDIAPASON Tri*di`a*pa"son, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + diaposon.] (Anc. Mus.)
Defn: A triple octave, or twenty-second. Busby.
TRIDIMENSIONAL Tri`di*men"sion*al, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + dimensional.] (Chem.)
Defn: Having three dimensions; extended in three different directions.
TRIDING Tri"ding, n.
Defn: A riding. See Trithing.
TRIDUAN Trid"u*an, a. Etym: [L. triduanus, fr. triduum space of three days; tri- + dies day.]
Defn: Lasting three lays; also, happening every third day. [R.] Blount.
TRIDYMITE Trid"y*mite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)
Defn: Pure silica, like quartz, but crystallizing in hexagonal tables. It is found in trachyte and similar rocks.
TRIED Tried,
Defn: imp. & p. p. of Try. Also adj.
Defn: Proved; tested; faithful; trustworthy; as, a tried friend.
TRIEDRAL Tri*e"dral, a.
Defn: See Trihedral.
TRIENNIAL Tri*en"ni*al, a. Etym: [L. triennium the space of three years; tri- (see Tri-) + annus year. See Annual.]
1. Continuing three years; as, triennial parliaments; a triennial reign. Howell.
2. Happening, coming about, or appearing once in every three years; as, triennial elections; a triennial catalogue; a triennial visitation. T. Warton.
TRIENNIAL Tri*en"ni*al, n.
Defn: Something which takes place or appears once in three years.
TRIENNIALLY Tri*en"ni*al*ly, adv.
Defn: Once in three years.
TRIENS Tri"ens, n. Etym: [L., from tres, tria, three.] (Rom. Antiq.)
Defn: A Roman copper coin, equal to one third of the as. See 3d As, 2.
TRIER Tri"er, n. Etym: [From Try.]
1. One who tries; one who makes experiments; one who examines anything by a test or standard. Boyle.
2. One who tries judicially.
3. (Law)
Defn: A person appointed according to law to try challenges of jurors; a trior. Burrill.
4. That which tries or approves; a test. Shak.
TRIERARCH Tri"er*arch, n. Etym: [L. trierarchus, Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) (a) The commander of a trireme. (b) At Athens, one who (singly, or jointly with other citizens) had to fit out a trireme for the public service.
TRIERARCHY Tri"er*arch`y, n.; pl. Trierarchises. Etym: [ Gr.
Defn: The office duty of a trierarch.
TRIETERICAL Tri`e*ter"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. trietericus, Gr. Tri-.) +
Defn: Kept or occurring once in three years; triennial. [R.] J. Gregory.
TRIETERICS Tri`e*ter"ics, n. pl. Etym: [L. trieterica, pl., fr. Gr. (Class. Antiq.)
Defn: Festival games celebrated once in three years. [R.] May.
TRIETHYLAMINE Tri*eth`yl*am"ine, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + ethylamine.] (Chem.)
Defn: A tertiary amine analogous to trimethylamine.
TRIFACIAL Tri*fa"cial, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + facial.] (Anat.)
Defn: See Trigeminal.
TRIFALLOW Tri"fal`low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trifallowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Trifallowing.] Etym: [Pref. tri- + fallow. Cf. Thryfallow.]
Defn: To plow the third time before sowing, as land. Mortimer.
TRIFARIOUS Tri*fa"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. trifarius of three sorts or ways, threefold; cf. Gr. Bifarious.] (Bot.)
Defn: Facing three ways; arranged in three vertical ranks, as the leaves of veratrum.
TRIFASCIATED Tri*fas"ci*a`ted, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + fasciated.]
Defn: Having, or surrounded by, three fasciæ, or bands.
TRIFID Tri"fid, a. Etym: [L. trifidus; tri- (see Tri-) + the root of findere to split: cf. F. trifide.]
Defn: Cleft to the middle, or slightly beyond the middle, into three parts; three-cleft.
TRIFISTULARY Tri*fis"tu*la*ry, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + fistula, fistular.]
Defn: Having three pipes. Sir T. Browne.
TRIFLE Tri"fle, n. Etym: [OE. trifle, trufle, OF. trufle mockery, raillery, trifle, probably the same word as F. truffe truffle, the word being applied to any small or worthless object. See Truffle.]
1. A thing of very little value or importance; a paltry, or trivial, affair. With such poor trifles playing. Drayton. Trifles light as air Are to the jealous confirmation strong As proofs of holy writ. Shak. Small sands the mountain, moments make year, And frifles life. Young.
2. A dish composed of sweetmeats, fruits, cake, wine, etc., with syllabub poured over it.
TRIFLE Tri"fle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trifled; p. pr. & vb. n. Trifling.] Etym: [OE. trifelen, truflen. See Trifle, n.]
Defn: To act or talk without seriousness, gravity, weight, or dignity; to act or talk with levity; to indulge in light or trivial amusements. They trifle, and they beat the air about nothing which toucheth us. Hooker. To trifle with, to play the fool with; to treat without respect or seriousness; to mock; as, to trifle with one's feelings, or with sacred things.
TRIFLE Tri"fle, v. t.
1. To make of no importance; to treat as a trifle. [Obs.] Shak.
2. To spend in vanity; to fritter away; to waste; as, to trifle away money. "We trifle time." Shak.
TRIFLER Tri"fler, n.
Defn: One who trifles. Waterland.
TRIFLING Tri"fling, a.
Defn: Being of small value or importance; trivial; paltry; as, a trifling debt; a trifling affair. -- Tri"fling*ly, adv. -- Tri"fling*ness, n.
TRIFLORAL; TRIFLOROUS Tri*flo"ral, Tri*flo"rous, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + L. flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.)
Defn: Three-flowered; having or bearing three flowers; as, a triflorous peduncle.
TRIFLUCTUATION Tri*fluc`tu*a"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + fluctuation.]
Defn: A concurrence of three waves. [Obs.] "A trifluctuation of evils." Sir T. Browne.
TRIFOLIATE; TRIFOLIATED Tri*fo"li*ate, Tri*fo"li*a`ted, a. Etym: [Tri- + foliate. Cf. Trefoil.] (Bot.)
Defn: Having three leaves or leaflets, as clover. See Illust. of Shamrock.
TRIFOLIOLATE Tri*fo"li*o*late, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + foliolate.]
Defn: (Bot.) Having three leaflets.
TRIFOLIUM Tri*fo"li*um, n. Etym: [L., clover.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of leguminous herbs with densely spiked flowers and usually trifoliate leaves; trefoil. There are many species, all of which are called clover. See Clover.
TRIFOLY Tri"fo*ly, n. Etym: [L. trifolium. See Trifoliate, Trefoil.] (Bot.)
Defn: Sweet trefoil. [Obs.] She was crowned with a chaplet of trifoly. B. Jonson.
TRIFORIUM Tri*fo"ri*um, n. Etym: [LL., fr. L. tri- (see Tri-) + foris, pl. fores, a door.] (Arch.)
Defn: The gallery or open space between the vaulting and the roof of the aisles of a church, often forming a rich arcade in the interior of the church, above the nave arches and below the clearstory windows.
TRIFORM Tri"form, a. Etym: [L. triformis; tri- (see Tri-) + forma form.]
Defn: Having a triple form or character. "This triform antagonism." I. Taylor. Goddess Triform, I own thy triple spell. Lowell.
TRIFORMITY Tri*form"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. triformitas.]
Defn: The state of being triform, or of having a threefold shape.
TRIFURCATE; TRIFURCATED Tri*fur"cate, Tri*fur"ca*ted, a. Etym: [L. trifurcus; tri- (see Tri-) + furca fork.]
Defn: Having three branches or forks; trichotomous.
TRIG Trig, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Dan. trykke to press, Sw. trycka.]
Defn: To fill; to stuff; to cram. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
TRIG Trig, a. Etym: [Formerly written trick, akin to trick to dress.]
Defn: Full; also, trim; neat. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] To sit on a horse square and trig. Brit. Quart. Rev.
TRIG Trig, v. t. Etym: [See Trigger.]
Defn: To stop, as a wheel, by placing something under it; to scotch; to skid.
TRIG Trig, n. Etym: [See Trigger.]
Defn: A stone, block of wood, or anything else, placed under a wheel or barrel to prevent motion; a scotch; a skid. [Eng.] Wright.
TRIGAMIST Trig"a*mist, n. Etym: [See Trigamy.]
Defn: One who has been married three times; also, one who has three husbands or three wives at the same time.
TRIGAMOUS Trig"a*mous, a. Etym: [L. trigamus a thrice-married man, Gr. Tri-) + trigame.] (Bot.)
Defn: Having three sorts of flowers in the same head, -- male, female, and hermaphrodite, or perfect, flowers.
TRIGAMY Trig"a*my, n. Etym: [L. trigamia,Gr. trigamie. See Trigamous.]
Defn: The act of marrying, or the state of being married, three times; also, the offense of having three husbands or three wives at the same time.
TRIGASTRIC Tri*gas"tric, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Anat.)
Defn: Having three bellies; -- said of a muscle. Dunglison.
TRIGEMINAL Tri*gem"i*nal, a. Etym: [See Trigeminous.] (Anat.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, the fifth pair of cranial nerves, which divide on each side of the head into three main branches distributed to the orbits, jaws, and parts of the mouth; trifacial.
TRIGEMINOUS Tri*gem"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. trigeminus born three together; tri- (see Tri-) + geminus twin. Cf. Tergeminous.]
Defn: Born three together; being one of three born at the same birth; also, threefold. E. Phillip
TRIGENIC Tri*gen"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + gen- + -ic. So named in reference to its composition, it being supposed to contain the radicals of three molecules of cyanic acid.] (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C4H7N3O2, obtained, by the action of the vapor of cyanic acid on cold aldehyde, as a white crystalline substance having a slightly acid taste and faint smell; -- called also ethidene- or ethylidene-biuret.
TRIGER PROCESS Tri`ger proc"ess. [After M. Triger, French engineer.] (Engin. & Mining)
Defn: A method of sinking through water-bearing ground, in which the shaft is lined with tubbing and provided with an air lock, work being proceeded with under air pressure.
TRIGESIMO-SECUNDO Tri*ges"i*mo-se*cun"do, a. Etym: [L. in trigesimo-secundo in the thirty-second.]
Defn: Having thirty-two leaves to a sheet; as, a trigesimo-secundo form, book, leaf, size, etc.
TRIGESIMO-SECUNDO Tri*ges"i*mo-se*cun"do, n.
Defn: A book composed of sheets so folded that each one makes thirty- two leaves; hence, indicating, more or less definitely, a size of book; -- usually written 32mo, or 32º, and called thirty-twomo.
TRIGGER Trig"ger, n. Etym: [For older tricker, from D. trekker, fr. trekken to draw, pull. See Trick, n.]
1. A catch to hold the wheel of a carriage on a declivity.
2. (Mech.)
Defn: A piece, as a lever, which is connected with a catch or detent as a means of releasing it; especially (Firearms), the part of a lock which is moved by the finger to release the cock and discharge the piece. Trigger fish (Zoöl.), a large plectognath fish (Balistes Carolinensis or B. capriscus) common on the southern coast of the United States, and valued as a food fish in some localities. Its rough skin is used for scouring and polishing in the place of sandpaper. Called also leather jacket, and turbot.
TRIGINTAL Tri*gin`tal, n. Etym: [LL. trigintate, fr. L. triginta thirty. See Trental.] (R. C. Ch.)
Defn: A trental.
TRIGLYCERIDE Tri*glyc"er*ide, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + glyceride.] (Chem.)
Defn: A glyceride formed by the replacement of three hydrogen atoms in glycerin by acid radicals.
TRIGLYPH Tri"glyph, n. Etym: [L. triglyphus, Gr. Tri-) + triglyphe.] (Arch.)
Defn: An ornament in the frieze of the Doric order, repeated at equal intervals. Each triglyph consists of a rectangular tablet, slightly projecting, and divided nearly to the top by two parallel and perpendicular gutters, or channels, called glyphs, into three parts, or spaces, called femora. A half channel, or glyph, is also cut upon each of the perpendicular edges of the tablet. See Illust. of Entablature.
TRIGLYPHIC; TRIGLYPHICAL Tri*glyph"ic, Tri*glyph"ic*al, a.
1. Consisting of, or pertaining to, triglyphs.
2. Containing three sets of characters or sculptures.
TRIGNESS Trig"ness, n. Etym: [See Trig trim, neat.]
Defn: The quality or state of being trig; smartness; neatness. Their spars had no man-of-war trigness. Kane.
TRIGON Tri"gon, n. Etym: [L. trigonum, Gr. Tri-) + trigone.]
1. A figure having three angles; a triangle.
2. (Astrol.) (a) A division consisting of three signs. (b) Trine, an aspect of two planets distant 120 degrees from each other. Hutton.
3. (Gr. & Rom. Antiq.) (a) A kind of triangular lyre or harp. (b) A kind of game at ball played by three persons standing at the angular points of a triangle.
TRIGON; TRIGONID Tri"gon, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The cutting region of the crown of an upper molar, usually the anterior part. That of a lower molar is the Tri"go*nid.
TRIGONAL Trig"o*nal, a.
Defn: Having three angles, or corners; triangular; as, a trigonal stem, one having tree prominent longitudinal angles.
TRIGONE Tri`gone", n. Etym: [F., literally, a trigon.] (Anat.)
Defn: A smooth triangular area on the inner surface of the bladder, limited by the apertures of the ureters and urethra.
TRIGONIA Tri*go"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Trigon. So called in allusion to the triangular shape of some species.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of pearly bivalve shells, numerous extinct species of which are characteristic of the Mesozoic rocks. A few living species exist on the coast of Australia.
TRIGONOCEROUS Trig`o*noc"er*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having horns with three angles, like those of some species of goats.
TRIGONODONT Trig"o*no*dont`, a. [See Trigon; Odonto.]
Defn: See Trituberculy.
TRIGONOMETRIC; TRIGONOMETRICAL Trig`o*no*met"ric, Trig`o*no*met"ric*al,Etym: [Cf. F. trigonométrique.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to trigonometry; performed by the rules of trigonometry. --Trig`o*no*met"ric*al*ly, adv. Trigonometrical curve, a curve one of whose coördinates is a trigonometric function of the other. -- Trigonometrical function. See under Function. -- Trigonometrical lines, lines which are employed in solving the different cases of plane and spherical trigonometry, as sines, tangents, secants, and the like. These lines, or the lengths of them, are trigonometrical functions of the arcs and angles to which they belong. -- Trigonometrical survey. See under Survey.
TRIGONOMETRY Trig`o*nom"e*try, n.; pl. -tries. Etym: [Gr. -metry: cf. F. trigonométrie. See Trigon.]
1. That branch of mathematics which treats of the relations of the sides and angles of triangles, which the methods of deducing from certain given parts other required parts, and also of the general relations which exist between the trigonometrical functions of arcs or angles.
2. A treatise in this science. Analytical trigonometry, that branch of trigonometry which treats of the relations and properties of the trigonometrical functions. -- Plane trigonometry, and Spherical trigonometry, those branches of trigonometry in which its principles are applied to plane triangles and spherical triangles respectively.
TRIGONOUS Trig"o*nous, a. Etym: [L. trigonus, Gr. Trigon.]
Defn: Same as Trigonal.
TRIGRAM Tri"gram, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + -gram.]
Defn: Same as Trigraph.
TRIGRAMMATIC Tri`gram*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: Containing three letters or characters, or three sets of letters or characters.
TRIGRAMMIC Tri*gram"mic, a. Etym: [Gr. Trigrammatic.]
Defn: Same as Trigrammatic.
TRIGRAPH Tri"graph, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + -graph.]
Defn: Three letters united in pronunciation so as to have but one sound, or to form but one syllable, as -ieu in adieu; a triphthong.
TRIGYN Tri"gyn, n. (Bot.)
Defn: Any one of the Trigynia.
TRIGYNIA Tri*gyn"i*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., Gr. Tri-) + (Bot.)
Defn: A Linnæan order of plants having three pistils or styles.
TRIGYNIAN; TRIGYNOUS Tri*gyn"i*an, Trig"y*nous, a. (Bot.)
Defn: Having three pistils or styles; of or pertaining to the Trigynia.
TRIHEDRAL Tri*he"dral, a. Etym: [See Trihedron.] (Geom.)
Defn: Having three sides or faces; thus, a trihedral angle is a solid angle bounded by three plane angles. [Written also triedral.]
TRIHEDRON Tri*he"dron, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Geom.)
Defn: A figure having three sides.
TRIHORAL Tri*ho"ral, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + horal.]
Defn: Occurring once in every three hours.
TRIHYBRID Tri*hy"brid, n. (Biol.)
Defn: A hybrid whose parents differ by three pairs of contrasting Mendelian characters.
TRIJUGATE Trij"u*gate, a. Etym: [See Trijugous.] (Bot.)
Defn: In three pairs; as, a trijugate leaf, or a pinnate leaf with three pairs of leaflets.
TRIJUGOUS Trij"u*gous, a. Etym: [L. trijugus threefold; tri- + jugum a yoke.] (Bot.)
Defn: Same as Trijugate.
TRIKOSANE Tri"ko*sane, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Chem.)
Defn: A hydrocarbon, C23H48, of the methane series, resembling paraffin; -- so called because it has twenty-three atoms of carbon in the molecule.
TRILATERAL Tri*lat"er*al, a.Etym: [L. trilaterus; tri- (see Tri-) + latus, lateris, side: cf. F. trilatéral. See Lateral.] (Geom.)
Defn: Having three sides; being three-sided; as, a trilateral triangle. -- Tri*lat"er*al*ly, adv. -- Tri*lat"er*al*ness, n.
TRILEMMA Tri*lem"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Tri-) + any thing received, in logic, an assumption. Cf. Dilemma.]
1. (Logic)
Defn: A syllogism with three conditional propositions, the major premises of which are disjunctively affirmed in the minor. See Dilemma.
2. A state of things in which it is difficult to determine which one of three courses to pursue.
TRILINEAR Tri*lin"e*ar, a. (Math.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or included by, three lines; as, trilinear coördinates.
TRILINGUAL Tri*lin"gual, a. Etym: [L. trilinguis; tri- (see Tri-) + lingua tongue, language. See Lingual.]
Defn: Containing, or consisting of, three languages; expressed in three languages. The much-noted Rosetta stone . . . bears upon its surface a trilingual inscription. I. Taylor.
TRILINGUAR Tri*lin"guar, a.
Defn: See Trilingual.
TRILITERAL Tri*lit"er*al, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + literal.]
Defn: Consisting of three letters; trigrammic; as, a triliteral root or word. -- n.
Defn: A triliteral word.
TRILITERALISM Tri*lit"er*al*ism, n.
Defn: Same as Triliterality.
TRILITERALITY; TRILITERALNESS Tri*lit`er*al"i*ty, Tri*lit"er*al*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being triliteral; as, the triliterality of Hebrew roots. W. D. Whitney.
TRILITH Tri"lith, n.
Defn: Same as Trilithon. Mollett.
TRILITHIC Tri*lith"ic a.
Defn: Pertaining to a trilith.
TRILITHON Tril"i*thon (trîl"î*thôn), n.; pl. Trilithons Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.Tri- ) + (Archæol.)
Defn: A monument consisting of three stones; especially, such a monument forming a kind of doorway, as among the ancient Celts.
TRILL Trill, v. i. Etym: [OE. trillen to roll, turn round; of Scand. origin; cf. Sw. trilla to roll, Dan. trilde, Icel. þyrla to whirl, and E. thrill. Cf. Thrill.]
Defn: To flow in a small stream, or in drops rapidly succeeding each other; to trickle. Sir W. Scott. And now and then an ample tear trilled down Her delicate cheek. Shak. Whispered sounds Of waters, trilling from the riven stone. Glover.
TRILL Trill, v. t. Etym: [OE. trillen; cf. Sw. trilla to roll.]
Defn: To turn round; to twirl. [Obs.] Gascoigne. Bid him descend and trill another pin. Chaucer.
TRILL Trill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Trilling.] Etym: [It. trillare; probably of imitative origin.]
Defn: To impart the quality of a trill to; to utter as, or with, a trill; as, to trill the r; to trill a note. The sober-suited songstress trills her lay. Thomson.
TRILL Trill, v. i.
Defn: To utter trills or a trill; to play or sing in tremulous vibrations of sound; to have a trembling sound; to quaver. To judge of trilling notes and tripping feet. Dryden.
TRILL Trill, n. Etym: [It. trillo, fr. trillare. See Trill to shake.]
1. A sound, of consonantal character, made with a rapid succession of partial or entire intermissions, by the vibration of some one part of the organs in the mouth -- tongue, uvula, epiglottis, or lip -- against another part; as, the r is a trill in most languages.
2. The action of the organs in producing such sounds; as, to give a trill to the tongue. d
3. (Mus.)
Defn: A shake or quaver of the voice in singing, or of the sound of an instrument, produced by the rapid alternation of two contiguous tones of the scale; as, to give a trill on the high C. See Shake.
TRILLACHAN Tril"la*chan, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The oyster catcher. [Prov. Eng.]
TRILLING Tril"ling, n. Etym: [Cf. G. drilling.]
1. One of tree children born at the same birth. Wright.
2. (Crystallog.)
Defn: A compound crystal, consisting of three individuals.
TRILLION Tril"lion, n. Etym: [F. trillion, formed from the pref. tri- in imitation of million a million. Cf. Billion.]
Defn: According to the French notation, which is used upon the Continent generally and in the United States, the number expressed by a unit with twelve ciphers annexed; a million millions; according to the English notation, the number produced by involving a million to the third power, or the number represented by a unit with eighteen ciphers annexed. See the Note under Numeration.
TRILLIUM Tril"li*um, n. Etym: [NL.; cf. L. trilix triple-woven, triple.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of liliaceous plants; the three-leaved nightshade; -- so called because all the parts of the plant are in threes.
TRILLO Tril"lo, n. Etym: [It. See Trill.] (Mus.)
Defn: A trill or shake. See Trill.
TRILOBATE Tri*lo"bate, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + lobate.]
Defn: Having three lobes.
TRILOBATION Tri`lo*ba"tion, n.
Defn: The state of being trilobate.
TRILOBED Tri"lobed, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + lobe.]
Defn: Same as Trilobate.
TRILOBITA Tri`lo*bi"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Paleon.)
Defn: An extinct order of arthropods comprising the trilobites.
TRILOBITE Tri"lo*bite (tri"lo*bit), n. Etym: [Cf. F. trilobite. See Trilobate.] (Paleon.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of extinct arthropods belonging to the order Trilobita. Trilobites were very common in the Silurian and Devonian periods, but became extinct at the close of the Paleozoic. So named from the three lobes usually seen on each segment.
TRILOBITIC Tri`lo*bit"ic, a.
Defn: Of, pertaining to or containing, trilobites; as, trilobitic rocks.
TRILOCULAR Tri*loc"u*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + locular: cf. F. triloculaire.]
Defn: Having three cells or cavities; as, a trilocular capsule; a trilocular heart.
TRILOGY Tril"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. Tri-) + trilogie.]
Defn: A series of three dramas which, although each of them is in one sense complete, have a close mutual relation, and form one historical and poetical picture. Shakespeare's " Henry VI." is an example. On the Greek stage, a drama, or acted story, consisted in reality of three dramas, called together a trilogy, and performed consecutively in the course of one day. Coleridge.
TRILUMINAR; TRILUMINOUS Tri*lu"mi*nar, Tri*lu"mi*nous, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + L. lumen, luminis, light.]
Defn: Having three lights [R.]
TRIM Trim, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trimmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Trimming.] Etym: [OE. trimen, trumen, AS. trymian, trymman, to prepare, dispose, make strong, fr. trum firm, strong; of uncertain origin.]
1. To make trim; to put in due order for any purpose; to make right, neat, or pleasing; to adjust. The hermit trimmed his little fire. Goldsmith.
2. To dress; to decorate; to adorn; to invest; to embellish; as, to trim a hat. trim a Christmas tree. A rotten building newly trimmed over. Milton. I was trimmed in Julia's gown. Shak.
3. To make ready or right by cutting or shortening; to clip or lop; to curtail; as, to trim the hair; to trim a tree. " And trimmed the cheerful lamp." Byron.
4. (Carp.)
Defn: To dress, as timber; to make smooth.
5. (Naut.) (a) To adjust, as a ship, by arranging the cargo, or disposing the weight of persons or goods, so equally on each side of the center and at each end, that she shall sit well on the water and sail well; as, to trim a ship, or a boat. (b) To arrange in due order for sailing; as, to trim the sails.
6. To rebuke; to reprove; also, to beat. [Colloq.] To trim in (Carp.), to fit, as a piece of timber, into other work. -- To trim up, to dress; to put in order. I found her trimming up the diadem On her dead mistress. Shak.
TRIM Trim, v. i.
Defn: To balance; to fluctuate between parties, so as to appear to favor each.
TRIM Trim, n.
1. Dress; gear; ornaments. Seeing him just pass the window in his woodland trim. Sir W. Scott.
2. Order; disposition; condition; as, to be in good trim. " The trim of an encounter." Chapman.
3. The state of a ship or her cargo, ballast, masts, etc., by which she is well prepared for sailing.
4. (Arch)
Defn: The lighter woodwork in the interior of a building; especially, that used around openings, generally in the form of a molded architrave, to protect the plastering at those points. In ballast trim (Naut.), having only ballast on board. R. H. Dana, Jr. -- Trim of the masts (Naut.), their position in regard to the ship and to each other, as near or distant, far forward or much aft, erect or raking. -- Trim of sails (Naut.), that adjustment, with reference to the wind, witch is best adapted to impel the ship forward.
TRIM Trim, a. [Compar. Trimmer; superl. Trimmest.] Etym: [See Trim, v. t.]
Defn: Fitly adjusted; being in good order., or made ready for service or use; firm; compact; snug; neat; fair; as, the ship is trim, or trim built; everything about the man is trim; a person is trim when his body is well shaped and firm; his dress is trim when it fits closely to his body, and appears tight and snug; a man or a soldier is trim when he stands erect. With comely carriage of her countenance trim. Spenser. So deemed I till I viewed their trim array Of boats last night. Trench.
TRIMACULATED Tri*mac"u*la`ted, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + maculated.]
Defn: Marked with three spots, or maculæ.
TRIMELLIC Tri*mel"lic, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + L. mel, gen. mellis, honey.] (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a certain tribasic acid (called also trimellitic acid) metameric with trimesitic acid.
TRIMEMBRAL Tri*mem"bral, a. Etym: [L. trimembris triplemembered. See Tri-, and Member.]
Defn: Having, or consisting of, three members.
TRIMERA Tri"me*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Tri-, and -mere.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A division of Coleoptera including those which have but three joints in the tarsi.
TRIMERAN Tri"mer*an, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the Trimera. Also used adjectively.
TRIMEROUS Tri"mer*ous, a. Etym: [See Trimera.] (Bot.)
Defn: Having the parts in threes.
TRIMESITIC Tri`me*sit"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + mesitylene + -ic.] (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a tribasic acid, C6H3.(CO2)3, of the aromatic series, obtained, by the oxidation of mesitylene, as a white crystalline substance. [Written also trimesic.]
TRIMESTER Tri*mes"ter, n. Etym: [L. trimestris of three months; tri- (see Tri-) + mensis month: cf. F. trimestre.]
Defn: A term or period of three months.
TRIMESTRAL Tri*mes"tral, a.
Defn: Trimestrial. Southey.
TRIMESTRIAL Tri*mes"tri*al, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a trimester, or period of three months; occurring once in every three months; quarterly.
TRIMETER Trim"e*ter, a. Etym: [L. trimetrus, Gr. Tri-) + measure. See Meter measure.] (Pros.)
Defn: Consisting of three poetical measures. -- n.
Defn: A poetical division of verse, consisting of three measures. Lowth.
TRIMETHYL Tri*meth"yl.
Defn: (Chem.) A prefix or combining form (also used adjectively) indicating the presence of three methyl groups.
TRIMETHYLAMINE Tri*meth`yl*am"ine, n. Etym: [Trimethyl- + amine.] (Chem.)
Defn: A colorless volatile alkaline liquid, N.(CH3)3, obtained from herring brine, beet roots, etc., with a characteristic herringlike odor. It is regarded as a substituted ammonia containing three methyl groups.
TRIMETHYLENE Tri*meth"yl*ene, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A gaseous hydrocarbon, C3H6, isomeric with propylene and obtained from it indirectly. It is the base of a series of compounds analogous to the aromatic hydrocarbons.
TRIMETRIC Tri*met"ric, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Crystallog.)
Defn: Same as Orthorhombic.
TRIMETRICAL Tri*met"ric*al, a.
Defn: Same as Trimeter.
TRIMLY Trim"ly, adv.
Defn: In a trim manner; nicely.
TRIMMER Trim"mer, n.
1. One who trims, arranges, fits, or ornaments.
2. One who does not adopt extreme opinions in politics, or the like; one who fluctuates between parties, so as to appear to favor each; a timeserver. Thus Halifax was a trimmer on principle. Macaulay.
3. An instrument with which trimming is done.
4. (Arch.)
Defn: A beam, into which are framed the ends of headers in floor framing, as when a hole is to be left for stairs, or to avoid bringing joists near chimneys, and the like. See Illust. of Header.
TRIMMING Trim"ming,
Defn: a. from Trim, v. The Whigs are, essentially, an inefficient, trimming, halfway sort of a party. Jeffrey. Trimming joist (Arch.), a joist into which timber trimmers are framed; a header. See Header. Knight.
TRIMMING Trim"ming, n.
1. The act of one who trims.
2. That which serves to trim, make right or fitting, adjust, ornament, or the like; especially, the necessary or the ornamental appendages, as of a garment; hence, sometimes, the concomitants of a dish; a relish; -- usually in the pluraltrimmings..
3. The act of reprimanding or chastisting; as, to give a boy a trimming. [Colloq.]
TRIMMINGLY Trim"ming*ly, adv.
Defn: In a trimming manner.
TRIMNESS Trim"ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being trim; orderliness; compactness; snugness; neatness.
TRIMORPH Tri"morph, n. Etym: [See Trimorphous.] (Crystallog.)
Defn: A substance which crystallizes in three distinct forms, or which has three distinct physical states; also, any one of these distinct forms. See Trimorphism, 1.
TRIMORPHIC; TRIMORPHOUS Tri*mor"phic, Tri*mor"phous, a. Etym: [Gr. Tri-) +
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or characterized by, trimorphism; -- contrasted with monomorphic, dimorphic, and polymorphic.
TRIMORPHISM Tri*mor"phism, n. Etym: [See Trimorphic.]
1. (Crystallog.)
Defn: The property of crystallizing in three forms fundamentally distinct, as is the case with titanium dioxide, which crystallizes in the forms of rutile, octahedrite, and brookite. See Pleomorphism.
2. (Biol.)
Defn: The coëxistence among individuals of the same species of three distinct forms, not connected, as a rule, by intermediate gradations; the condition among individuals of the same species of having three different shapes or proportions of corresponding parts; -- contrasted with polymorphism, and dimorphism. Heterogonous trimporphism (Bot.), that condition in which flowers of plants of the same species have three different lengths of stamens, short, medium, and long, the blossoms of one individual plant having short and medium stamens and a long style, those of another having short and long stamens and a style of medium length, and those of a third having medium and long stamens and a short style, the style of each blossom thus being of a length not represented by its stamens.
TRIMURTI Tri*mur"ti, n. Etym: [Skr. trim; tri three + m body.] (Hindoo Myth.)
Defn: The triad, or trinity, of Hindoo gods, consisting of Brahma, the Creator, Vishnu, the Preserver, and Siva, the Destroyer. [Spelled also Trimurtti.]
TRIMYARIAN Trim`y*a"ri*an, n. Etym: [Pref. tri + Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A lamellibranch which has three muscular scars on each valve.
TRINAL Tri"nal, a. Etym: [L. trinus triple, trini three each, fr. tres, tria, three. See Three, and cf. Trine, a. & n., Tern, a.]
Defn: Threefold. "Trinal unity." Milton. In their trinal triplicities on high. Spenser.
TRINDLE Trin"dle, v. t. & n.
Defn: See Trundle.
TRINE Trine, a. Etym: [See Trinal.]
Defn: Threefold; triple; as, trine dimensions, or length, breadth, and thickness.
TRINE Trine, n. Etym: [F. trine, trin. See Trinal.]
1. (Astrol.)
Defn: The aspect of planets distant from each other 120 degrees, or one third of the zodiac; trigon. In sextile, square, and trine. Milton.
2. A triad; trinity. [R.] A single trine of brazen tortoises. Mrs. Browning. Eternal One, Almighty Trine! Keble.
TRINE Trine, v. t.
Defn: To put in the aspect of a trine. [R.] By fortune he [Saturn] was now to Venus trined. Dryden.
TRINERVATE Tri*nerv"ate, a. Etym: [NL. trinervatus; pref. tri- + L. nervus nerve.] (Bot.)
Defn: Having three ribs or nerves extending unbranched from the base to the apex; -- said of a leaf. Gray.
TRINERVE; TRINERVED Tri"nerve`, Tri"nerved`, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + nerve.] (Bot.)
Defn: Same as Trinervate.
TRINGA Trin"ga, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of limicoline birds including many species of sandpipers. See Dunlin, Knot, and Sandpiper.
TRINGLE Trin"gle, n. Etym: [F. tringle.]
Defn: A curtain rod for a bedstead.
TRINGOID Trin"goid, a. Etym: [Tringa + -oid.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to Tringa, or the Sandpiper family.
TRINITARIAN Trin`i*ta"ri*an, a. Etym: [Cf. F. trinitaire. See Trinity.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Trinity, the doctrine of the Trinity, or believers in that doctrine.
TRINITARIAN Trin`i*ta"ri*an, n.
1. One who believes in the doctrine of the Trinity.
2. (Eccl. Hist.)
Defn: One of a monastic order founded in Rome in 1198 by St. John of Matha, and an old French hermit, Felix of Valois, for the purpose of redeeming Christian captives from the Mohammedans.
TRINITARIANISM Trin`i*ta"ri*an*ism, n.
Defn: The doctrine of the Trinity; the doctrine that there are three distinct persons in the Godhead.
TRINITROCELLULOSE Tri*ni`tro*cel"lu*lose", n.
Defn: Gun cotton; -- so called because regarded as containing three nitro groups.
TRINITROPHENOL Tri*ni`tro*phe"nol, n. (Chem.)
Defn: Picric acid.
TRINITY Trin"i*ty, n. Etym: [OE. trinitee, F. trinité, L. trinitas, fr. trini three each. See Trinal.]
1. (Christian Theol.)
Defn: The union of three persons (the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost) in one Godhead, so that all the three are one God as to substance, but three persons as to individuality.
2. Any union of three in one; three units treated as one; a triad, as the Hindoo trinity, or Trimurti.
3. Any symbol of the Trinity employed in Christian art, especially the triangle. Trinity House, an institution in London for promoting commerce and navigation, by licensing pilots, ordering and erecting beacons, and the like. -- Trinity Sunday, the Sunday next after Whitsunday; -- so called from the feast held on that day in honor of the Holy Trinity. -- Trinity term. (Law) See the Note under Term, n., 5.
TRINIUNITY Trin`i*u"ni*ty, n. Etym: [See Trinity, and Unity.]
Defn: Triunity; trinity. [Obs.] As for terms of trinity, triniunity, . . . and the like, they reject them as scholastic notions. Milton.
TRINK Trink, n.
Defn: A kind of fishing net. [Obs.] Crabb.
TRINKET Trin"ket, n. Etym: [F. trinquet foremast, also, a certain sail, trinquette a triangular sail, or Sp. trinquete triangular.] (Naut.)
Defn: A three-cornered sail formerly carried on a ship's foremast, probably on a lateen yard. Sailing always with the sheets of mainsail and trinket warily in our hands. Hakluyt.
TRINKET Trin"ket, n. Etym: [OE. trenket a sort of knife, hence, probably, a toy knife worn as an ornament; probably from an Old French dialectic form of trenchier to cut. Cf. Trench, v. t.]
1. A knife; a cutting tool. Tusser.
2. A small ornament, as a jewel, ring, or the like.
3. A thing of little value; a trifle; a toy.
TRINKET Trin"ket, v. i.
Defn: To give trinkets; hence, to court favor; to intrigue. [Obs.] South.
TRINKETER Trin"ket*er, n.
Defn: One who trinkets. [Obs.]
TRINKETRY Trin"ket*ry, n.
Defn: Ornaments of dress; trinkets, collectively. No trinketry on front, or neck, or breast. Southey.
TRINKLE Trin"kle, v. i.
Defn: To act secretly, or in an underhand way; to tamper. [Obs.] Wright.
TRINOCTIAL Tri*noc"tial, a. Etym: [L. trinoctialis for three nights; tri- (see Tri-) + nox, noctis, night.]
Defn: Lasting during three nights; comprising three nights.
TRINODAL Tri*nod"al, a. Etym: [L. trinodis three-knotted; tri- (see Tri-) + nodus knot.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: Having three knots or nodes; having three points from which a leaf may shoot; as, a trinodal stem.
2. (Geom.)
Defn: Having three nodal points.
TRINOMIAL Tri*no"mi*al, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + -nomial as in binomial: cf. F. trinôme.] (Math.)
Defn: A quantity consisting of three terms, connected by the sign + or -; as, x + y + z, or ax + 2b - c2.
TRINOMIAL Tri*no"mi*al, a. (Math.)
Defn: Consisting of three terms; of or pertaining to trinomials; as, a trinomial root.
TRINOMINAL Tri*nom"i*nal, n. & a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + L. nomen, nominis, name: cf. L. trinominis three-named.] (Math.)
Defn: Trinomial.
TRINUCLEUS Tri*nu"cle*us, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + nucleus.] (Paleon.)
Defn: A genus of Lower Silurian trilobites in which the glabella and cheeks form three rounded elevations on the head.
TRIO Tri"o, n. Etym: [It., fr. L. tres, tria, three: cf. F. trio, from the Italian. See Three.]
1. Three, considered collectively; three in company or acting together; a set of three; three united. The trio were well accustomed to act together, and were linked to each other by ties of mutual interest. Dickens.
2. (Mus.) (a) A composition for three parts or three instruments. (b) The secondary, or episodical, movement of a minuet or scherzo, as in a sonata or symphony, or of a march, or of various dance forms; -- not limited to three parts or instruments.
TRIOBOLAR; TRIOBOLARY Tri*ob"o*lar, Tri*ob"o*la*ry, a. Etym: [LL. triobolaris, fr. L. triobolus a piece of three oboli, Gr. Tri-, and Obolus.]
Defn: Of the value of three oboli; hence, mean; worthless. [Obs.] It may pass current . . . for a triobolar ballad. Cheyne.
TRIOCTILE Tri*oc"tile, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + octile.] (Astrol.)
Defn: An aspect of two planets with regard to the earth when they are three octants, or three eighths of a circle, that is, 135 degrees, distant from each other. Hutton.
TRIOECIA Tri*oe"ci*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Trioecious.] (Bot.)
Defn: The third order of the Linnæan class Polygamia.
TRIOECIOUS Tri*oe"cious, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: Having three sorts of flowers on the same or on different plants, some of the flowers being staminate, others pistillate, and others both staminate and pistillate; belonging to the order Trioecia.
TRIOLE Tri"ole, n. Etym: [See Triolet.] (Mus.)
Defn: Same as Triplet.
TRIOLEIN Tri*o"le*in, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + olein.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Defn: See Olein.
TRIOLET Tri"o*let, n. Etym: [F. triolet. See Trio.]
Defn: A short poem or stanza of eight lines, in which the first line is repeated as the fourth and again as the seventh line, the second being, repeated as the eighth. Brande & C.
TRIONAL Tri"o*nal, n. [Pref. tri- + sulphonal; -- so called because it contains three ethyls.] (Chem.)
Defn: A compound similar to sulphonal, used as a hypnotic in medicine.
TRIONYCHOIDEA Tri*on`y*choi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Trionyx, and -old.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A division of chelonians which comprises Trionyx and allied genera; -- called also Trionychoides, and Trionychina.
TRIONYX Tri*on"yx, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Tri-) + (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of fresh-water or river turtles which have the shell imperfectly developed and covered with a soft leathery skin. They are noted for their agility and rapacity. Called also soft tortoise, soft-shell tortoise, and mud turtle.
Note: The common American species (Trionyx, or Aspidonectus, ferox) becomes over a foot in length and is very voracious. Similar species are found in Asia and Africa.
TRIOR Tri"or, n. (Law)
Defn: Same as Trier, 2 and 3.
TRIOSE Tri"ose, n. [Tri- + -ose.] (Chem.) (a) A sugar derived from a trihydric alcohol. (b) A trisaccharide.
TRIOXIDE Tri*ox"ide, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + oxide.] (Chem.)
Defn: An oxide containing three atoms of oxygen; as, sulphur trioxide, SO3; -- formerly called tritoxide.
TRIP Trip, n. i. [imp. & p. p. Tripped; p. pr. & vb. n. Tripping.] Etym: [OE. trippen; akin to D. trippen, Dan. trippe, and E. tramp. See Tramp.]
1. To move with light, quick steps; to walk or move lightly; to skip; to move the feet nimbly; -- sometimes followed by it. See It, 5. This horse anon began to trip and dance. Chaucer. Come, and trip it, as you go, On the light fantastic toe. Milton. She bounded by, and tripped so light They had not time to take a steady sight. Dryden.
2. To make a brief journey or pleasure excursion; as, to trip to Europe.
3. To take a quick step, as when in danger of losing one's balance; hence, to make a false; to catch the foot; to lose footing; to stumble.
4. Fig.: To be guilty of a misstep; to commit an offense against morality, propriety, or rule; to err; to mistake; to fail. "Till his tongue trip." Locke. A blind will thereupon comes to be led by a blind understanding; there is no remedy, but it must trip and stumble. South. Virgil is so exact in every word that none can be changed but for a worse; he pretends sometimes to trip, but it is to make you think him in danger when most secure. Dryden. What dost thou verily trip upon a word R. Browning.
TRIP Trip, v. t.
1. To cause to stumble, or take a false step; to cause to lose the footing, by striking the feet from under; to cause to fall; to throw off the balance; to supplant; -- often followed by up; as, to trip up a man in wrestling. The words of Hobbes's defense trip up the heels of his cause. Abp. Bramhall.
2. Fig.: To overthrow by depriving of support; to put an obstacle in the way of; to obstruct; to cause to fail. To trip the course of law, and blunt the sword. Shak.