Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (part 56 of 60)

Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (part 56 of 60)

3. To detect in a misstep; to catch; to convict. [R.] These her women can trip me if I err. Shak.

4. (Naut.) (a) To raise (an anchor) from the bottom, by its cable or buoy rope, so that it hangs free. (b) To pull (a yard) into a perpendicular position for lowering it.

5. (Mach.)

Defn: To release, let fall, or see free, as a weight or compressed spring, as by removing a latch or detent.

TRIP Trip, n.

1. A quick, light step; a lively movement of the feet; a skip. His heart bounded as he sometimes could hear the trip of a light female step glide to or from the door. Sir W. Scott.

2. A brief or rapid journey; an excursion or jaunt. I took a trip to London on the death of the queen. Pope.

3. A false step; a stumble; a misstep; a loss of footing or balance. Fig.: An error; a failure; a mistake. Imperfect words, with childish trips. Milton. Each seeming trip, and each digressive start. Harte.

4. A small piece; a morsel; a bit. [Obs.] "A trip of cheese." Chaucer.

5. A stroke, or catch, by which a wrestler causes his antagonist to lose footing. And watches with a trip his foe to foil. Dryden. It is the sudden trip in wrestling that fetches a man to the ground. South.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: A single board, or tack, in plying, or beating, to windward.

7. A herd or flock, as of sheep, goats, etc. [Prov. Eng. & Scott.]

8. A troop of men; a host. [Obs.] Robert of Brunne.

9. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A flock of widgeons.

TRIPALMITATE Tri*pal"mi*tate, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + palmitate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A palmitate derived from three molecules of palmitic acid.

TRIPALMITIN Tri*pal"mi*tin, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + palmitin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: See Palmitin.

TRIPANG Tri*pang", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Trepang.

TRIPARTED Tri"part`ed, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + parted.]

1. (Her.)

Defn: Parted into three piece; having three parts or pieces; -- said of the field or of a bearing; as, a cross triparted.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Divided nearly to the base into three segments or lobes.

TRIPARTIBLE Tri*part"i*ble, a.

Defn: Divisible into three parts.

TRIPARTIENT Tri*par"tient, a. Etym: [See Tripartite.] (Arith.)

Defn: Dividing into three parts; -- said of a number which exactly divides another into three parts.

TRIPARTITE Trip"ar*tite, a. Etym: [L. tripartitus; tri- (see Tri-) + partitus, p. p. of partiri to part, to divide. See Part, v. i.]

1. Divided into three parts; triparted; as, a tripartite leaf.

2. Having three corresponding parts or copies; as, to make indentures tripartite. A. Smith.

3. Made between three parties; as, a tripartite treaty.

TRIPARTITELY Trip`ar*tite*ly, adv.

Defn: In a tripartite manner.

TRIPARTITION Trip`ar*ti"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tripartition.]

Defn: A division by threes, or into three parts; the taking of a third part of any number or quantity.

TRIPASCHAL Tri*pas"chal, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + paschal.]

Defn: Including three passovers.

TRIPE Tripe, n. Etym: [OE. tripe, F. tripe; of uncertain origin; cf. Sp. & Pg. tripa, It. trippa, OD. tripe, W. tripa, Armor. stripen.]

1. The large stomach of ruminating animals, when prepared for food. How say you to a fat tripe finely broiled Shak.

2. The entrails; hence, humorously or in contempt, the belly; -- generally used in the plural. Howell.

TRIPEDAL Trip"e*dal, a. Etym: [L. tripedalis; tri- (see Tri-) + pes, pedis, a foot.]

Defn: Having three feet.

TRIPE-DE-ROCHE Tripe`-de-roche", n. Etym: [F.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Rock tripe, under Rock.

TRIPEL Trip"el, n. (Min.)

Defn: Same as Tripoli.

TRIPEMAN Tripe"man, n.; pl. -men (.

Defn: A man who prepares or sells tripe.

TRIPENNATE Tri*pen"nate, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + pennate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Tripinnate.

TRIPERSONAL Tri*per"son*al, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + personal.]

Defn: Consisting of three persons. Milton.

TRIPERSONALIST Tri*per"son*al*ist, n.

Defn: A Trinitarian.

TRIPERSONALITY Tri*per`son*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of existing as three persons in one Godhead; trinity.

TRIPERY Trip"er*y, n. Etym: [Cf. F. triperie.]

Defn: A place where tripe is prepared or sold. London Quart. Rev.

TRIPESTONE Tripe"stone`, n. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of anhydrite composed of contorted plates fancied to resemble pieces of tripe.

TRIPETALOID Tri*pet"al*oid, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + petaloid.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the form or appearance of three petals; appearing as if furnished with three petals.

TRIPETALOUS Tri*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + petalous: cf. F. tripétale.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having three petals, or flower leaves; three-petaled.

TRIP HAMMER Trip" ham`mer.

Defn: A tilt hammer.

TRIPHANE Tri"phane, n. Etym: [Gr. Tri-) + to appear cf. F. triphane.] (Min.)

Defn: Spodumene.

TRIPHTHONG Triph"thong, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + -phthong, as in diphthong: cf. F. triphthonque.] (Orthoëpy)

Defn: A combination of three vowel sounds in a single syllable, forming a simple or compound sound; also, a union of three vowel characters, representing together a single sound; a trigraph; as, eye, -ieu in adieu, -eau in beau, are examples of triphthongs.

TRIPHTHONGAL Triph*thon"gal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a triphthong; consisting of three vowel sounds pronounced together in a single syllable.

TRIPHYLINE Triph"y*line, n.

Defn: Triphylite.

TRIPHYLITE Triph"y*lite, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a grayish-green or bluish color, consisting of the phosphates of iron, manganese, and lithia.

Note: A salmon-colored or clove-brown variety containing but little iron is known as lithiophilite.

TRIPHYLLOUS Triph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. Tri-) + a leaf: cf. F. triphylle.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having three leaves; three-leaved.

TRIPINNATE Tri*pin"nate, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + pinnate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having bipinnate leaflets arranged on each side of a rhachis.

TRIPINNATIFID Tri`pin*nat"i*fid, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + pinnatifid.] (Bot.)

Defn: Thrice pinnately cleft; -- said of a pinnatifid leaf when its segments are pinnatifid, and the subdivisions of these also are pinnatifid.

TRIPITAKA Tri*pit"a*ka, n. [Skr. tripitsaka.]

Defn: The three divisions, or "baskets" (pitakas), of buddhist scriptures, -- the Vinayapitaka [Skr. Vinayapitsaka] , or Basket of Discipline; Suttapitaka [Pali] , or Basket of Discourses; and Abhidhammapitaka [Pali] , or Basket of Metaphysics.

TRIPLASIAN Tri*pla"sian, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Three-fold; triple; treble. [Obs.] Cudworth.

TRIPLE Tri"ple, a. Etym: [L. triplus; tri- (see Tri-) + -plus, as in duplus double: cf. F. triple. See Double, and cf. Treble.]

1. Consisting of three united; multiplied by three; threefold; as, a triple knot; a triple tie. By thy triple shape as thou art seen. Dryden.

2. Three times repeated; treble. See Treble.

3. One of three; third. [Obs.] Shak. Triple crown, the crown, or tiara, of the pope. See Tiara, 2. -- Triple-expansion steam engine, a compound steam engine in which the same steam performs work in three cylinders successively. -- Triple measure (Mus.), a measure of tree beats of which first only is accented. -- Triple ratio (Math.), a ratio which is equal to 3. -- Triple salt (Chem.), a salt containing three distinct basic atoms as radicals; thus, microcosmic salt is a triple salt. -- Triple star (Astron.), a system of three stars in close proximity. -- Triple time (Mus.), that time in which each measure is divided into three equal parts. -- Triple valve, in an automatic air brake for railroad cars, the valve under each car, by means of which the brake is controlled by a change of pressure in the air pipe leading from the locomotive.

TRIPLE Tri"ple, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tripled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tripling.] Etym: [Cf. F. tripler. See Triple, a.]

Defn: To make threefold, or thrice as much or as many; to treble; as, to triple the tax on coffee.

TRIPLE-CROWNED Tri"ple-crowned`, a.

Defn: Having three crowns; wearing the triple crown, as the pope.

TRIPLE-HEADED Tri"ple-head`ed, a.

Defn: Having three heads; three-headed; as, the triple-headed dog Cerberus.

TRIPLET Trip"let, n. Etym: [From Triple.]

1. A collection or combination of three of a kind; three united.

2. (Poetry)

Defn: Three verses rhyming together.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: A group of three notes sung or played in the tree of two.

4. pl.

Defn: Three children or offspring born at one birth.

TRIPLE-TAIL Tri"ple-tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An edible fish (Lobotes Surinamensis) found in the warmer parts of all the oceans, and common on the southern and middle coasts of the United States. When living it is silvery gray, and becomes brown or blackish when dead. Its dorsal and anal fins are long, and extend back on each side of the tail. It has large silvery scales which are used in the manufacture of fancy work. Called also, locally, black perch, grouper, and flasher.

TRIPLEX Tri"plex, a. (Mach.)

Defn: Havingthree principal operative parts or motions, so as to produce a three-fold effect.

TRIPLICATE Trip"li*cate, a. Etym: [L. triplicatus, p. p. of triplicare to triple, treble; tri- (see Tri-) + plicare to fold. See Ply, v. t.]

Defn: Made thrice as much; threefold; tripled. Triplicate ratio (Math.), the ratio of the cubes of two quantities; thus, the triplicate ratio of a to b is a3: b3.

TRIPLICATE Trip"li*cate, n.

Defn: A third thing corresponding to two others of the same kind.

TRIPLICATE-TERNATE Trip"li*cate-ter`nate, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Triternate.

TRIPLICATION Trip"li*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. triplicatio: cf. F. triplication.]

1. The act of tripling, or making threefold, or adding three together. Glanvill.

2. (Civil Law)

Defn: Same as Surrejoinder.

TRIPLICITY Tri*plic"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. triplicité, fr. L. triplex, triplicis, threefold. See Triplicate, a.]

Defn: The quality or state of being triple, or threefold; trebleness. In their trinal triplicities on high. Spenser.

TRIPLICOSTATE Trip`li*cos"tate, a. Etym: [Triple + costate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Three-ribbed.

TRIPLITE Trip"lite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. triplite. See Triple.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a dark brown color, generally with a fibrous, massive structure. It is a fluophosphate of iron and manganese.

TRIPLOBLASTIC Trip`lo*blas"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. -blast + -ic.] (Biol.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, that condition of the ovum in which there are three primary germinal layers, or in which the blastoderm splits into three layers.

TRIPLOIDITE Trip*loi"dite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A manganese phosphate near triplite, but containing hydroxyl instead of fluorine.

TRIPLY Trip"ly, adv.

Defn: In a triple manner.

TRIPMADAM Trip"mad`am, n. Etym: [F. tripe-madame, trique-madame.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Prickmadam.

TRIPOD Tri"pod, n. Etym: [L. tripus, -odis, Gr. Tri-) + Foot, and cf. Tripos, Trivet.]

1. Any utensil or vessel, as a stool, table, altar, caldron, etc., supported on three feet.

Note: On such, a stool, in the temple of Apollo at Delphi, the Pythian priestess sat while giving responses to those consulting the Delphic oracle.

2. A three-legged frame or stand, usually jointed at top, for supporting a theodolite, compass, telescope, camera, or other instrument. Tripod of life, or Vital tripod (Physiol.), the three organs, the heart, lungs, and brain; -- so called because their united action is necessary to the maintenance of life.

TRIPODIAN Tri*po"di*an, n. (Mus.)

Defn: An ancient stringed instrument; -- so called because, in form, it resembled the Delphic tripod.

TRIPODY Trip"o*dy, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + -pody, as in dipody.] (Pros.)

Defn: Three metrical feet taken together, or included in one measure.

TRIPOLI Trip"o*li, n. (Min.)

Defn: An earthy substance originally brought from Tripoli, used in polishing stones and metals. It consists almost wholly of the siliceous shells of diatoms.

TRIPOLINE Trip"o*line, a.

1. Of or pertaining to Tripoli or its inhabitants; Tripolitan.

2. Of or pertaining to tripoli, the mineral.

TRIPOLITAN Tri*pol"i*tan, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Tripoli or its inhabitants; Tripoline. -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Tripoli.

TRIPOS Tri"pos, n.; pl. Triposes. Etym: [Gr. Tripod.]

1. A tripod. [Obs.] Dryden.

2. A university examination of questionists, for honors; also, a tripos paper; one who prepares a tripos paper. [Cambridge University, Eng.] Classical tripos examination, the final university examination for classical honors, optional to all who have taken the mathematical honors. C. A. Bristed. -- Tripos paper, a printed list of the successful candidates for mathematical honors, accompanied by a piece in Latin verse. There are two of these, designed to commemorate the two tripos days. The first contains the names of the wranglers and senior optimes, and the second the names of the junior optimes. The word tripos is supposed to refer to the three-legged stool formerly used at the examinations for these honors, though some derive it from the three brackets formerly printed on the back of the paper. C. A. Bristed.

TRIPPANT Trip"pant, a. (Her.)

Defn: See Tripping, a., 2.

TRIPPER Trip"per, n.

1. One who trips or supplants; also, one who walks or trips nimbly; a dancer.

2. An excursionist.

TRIPPET Trip"pet, n. (Mach.)

Defn: A cam, wiper, or projecting piece which strikes another piece repeatedly.

TRIPPING Trip"ping, a.

1. Quick; nimble; stepping lightly and quickly.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Having the right forefoot lifted, the others remaining on the ground, as if he were trotting; trippant; -- said of an animal, as a hart, buck, and the like, used as a bearing.

TRIPPING Trip"ping, n.

1. Act of one who, or that which, trips.

2. A light dance. Other trippings to be trod of lighter toes. Milton.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: The loosing of an anchor from the ground by means of its cable or buoy rope. Tripping line (Naut.), a small rope attached to the topgallant or royal yard, used to trip the yard, and in lowering it to the deck; also, a line used in letting go the anchor. Luce.

TRIPPINGLY Trip"ping*ly, adv.

Defn: In a tripping manner; with a light, nimble, quick step; with agility; nimbly. Sing, and dance it trippingly. Shak. Speak the speech . . . trippingly on the tongue. Shak.

TRIPSIS Trip"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) (a) Trituration. [R.] (b) Shampoo. [R.]

TRIPTOTE Trip"tote, n. Etym: [L. triptotum, Gr. Tri-) + (Gram.)

Defn: A noun having three cases only.

TRIPTYCH Trip"tych, n. Etym: [Gr. Tri-) +

Defn: Anything in three parts or leaves. Specifically: -- (a) A writing tablet in three parts, two of which fold over on the middle part. (b) A picture or altarpiece in three compartments.

TRIPUDIARY Tri*pu"di*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. tripudium a measured stamping, a leaping, a solemn religious dance.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to dancing; performed by dancing. [R.] " Tripudiary augurations." Sir T. Browne.

TRIPUDIATE Tri*pu"di*ate, v. i. Etym: [L. tripudiare, tripudiatum.]

Defn: To dance. [R.] Cockeram.

TRIPUDIATION Tri*pu`di*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. tripudiatio.]

Defn: The act of dancing. [R.] Bacon. Carlyle.

TRIQUADRANTAL Tri`quad*ran"tal, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + quadrantal.] (Spherical Trig.)

Defn: Having three quadrants; thus, a triquadrantal triangle is one whose three sides are quadrants, and whose three angles are consequently right angles.

TRIQUETRAL Tri*que"tral, a.

Defn: Triquetrous.

TRIQUETROUS Tri*que"trous, a. Etym: [L. triquetrus.]

Defn: Three sided, the sides being plane or concave; having three salient angles or edges; trigonal.

TRIQUETRUM Tri*que"trum, n.; pl. Triquetra. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the bones of the carpus; the cuneiform. See Cuneiform (b).

TRIRADIATE; TRIRADIATED Tri*ra"di*ate, Tri*ra"di*a`ted, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + radiate.]

Defn: Having three rays.

TRIRECTANGULAR Tri`rec*tan"gu*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + rectangular.] (Spherical Trig.)

Defn: Having three right angles. See Triquadrantal.

TRIREME Tri"reme, n. Etym: [L. triremis; tri- (see Tri-) + remus an oar, akin to E. row. See Row to propel with an oar.] (Class. Antiq.)

Defn: An ancient galley or vessel with tree banks, or tiers, of oars.

TRIRHOMBOIDAL Tri`rhom*boid"al, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + rhomboidal.]

Defn: Having three rhombic faces or sides.

TRISACCHARIDE; TRISACCHARID Tri*sac"cha*ride, n. Also -rid. (Chem.)

Defn: A complex sugar, as raffinose, yielding by hydrolysis three simple sugar molecules.

TRISACRAMENTARIAN Tri*sac`ra*men*ta"ri*an, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + sacramentarian.] (Eccl.)

Defn: One who recognizes three sacraments, and no more; -- namely, baptism, the Lord's Supper, and penance. See Sacrament.

TRISAGION Tris*ag"i*on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Eccl.)

Defn: An ancient anthem, -- usually known by its Latin name tersanctus.See Tersanctus.

TRISECT Tri*sect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trisected; p. pr. & vb. n. Trisecting.] Etym: [Pref. tri- + L. sectus, p. p. of secare to cut. See Section.]

1. To cut or divide into three parts.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: To cut or divide into three equal parts.

TRISECTED Tri*sect"ed, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Divided into three parts or segments by incisions extending to the midrib or to the base; -- said of leaves.

TRISECTION Tri*sec"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. trisection.]

Defn: The division of a thing into three parts, Specifically: (Geom.) the division of an angle into three equal parts.

TRISERALOUS Tri*ser"al*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + sepal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having three sepals, or calyx leaves.

TRISERIAL; TRISERIATE Tri*se"ri*al, Tri*se"ri*ate, a Etym: [Pref. tri- + serial, seriate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Arranged in three vertical or spiral rows.

TRISKELION; TRISKELE Tris*kel"i*on, or Tris"kele, n. [Gr. three-legged. See Tri-; Isosceles.]

Defn: A figure composed of three branches, usually curved, radiating from a center, as the figure composed of three human legs, with bent knees, which has long been used as a badge or symbol of Sicily and of the Isle of Man.

TRISMUS Tris"mus, n. Etym: [NL., form Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The lockjaw.

TRISNITRATE Tris*ni"trate, n. Etym: [Gr. nitrate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrate formed from three molecules of nitric acid; also, less properly, applied to certain basic nitrates; as, trisnitrate of bismuth.

TRISOCTAHEDRON Tris*oc`ta*he"dron, n. Etym: [Gr. octahedron.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: A solid of the isometric system bounded by twenty-four equal faces, three corresponding to each face of an octahedron. Tetragonal trisoctahedron, a trisoctahedron each face of which is a quadrilateral; called also trapezohedron and icositetrahedron. -- Trigonal trisoctahedron, a trisoctahedron each face of which is an isosceles triangle.

TRISPAST; TRISPASTON Tri"spast, Tri*spas"ton, n. Etym: [NL. trispaston, fr. Gr. Tri-) + (Mech.)

Defn: A machine with three pulleys which act together for raising great weights. Brande & C.

TRISPERMOUS Tri*sper"mous, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Containing three seeds; three-seeded; as, a trispermous capsule.

TRISPLANCHNIC Tri*splanch"nic, a. Etym: [Tri- + splanchnic.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the three great splanchnic cavities, namely, that of the head, the chest, and the abdomen; -- applied to the sympathetic nervous system.

TRIST Trist, v. t. & i. [imp. Triste.]

Defn: To trust. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TRIST Trist, n. Etym: [See Tryst.]

1. Trust. [Obs.]

2. A post, or station, in hunting. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. A secret meeting, or the place of such meeting; a tryst. See Tryst. [Obs.] George Douglas caused a trist to be set between him and the cardinal and four lords; at the which trist he and the cardinal agreed finally. Letter dated Sept., 1543.

TRIST Trist, a. Etym: [F. triste, L. tristis.]

Defn: Sad; sorrowful; gloomy. [Obs.] Fairfax.

TRISTE Triste, n.

Defn: A cattle fair. [Prov. Eng.]

TRISTEARATE Tri*ste"a*rate, n.

Defn: Tristearin.

TRISTEARIN Tri*ste"a*rin, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + stearin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: See Stearin.

TRISTFUL Trist"ful, a.

Defn: Sad; sorrowful; gloomy. Shak. Eyes so tristful, eyes so tristful, Heart so full of care and cumber. Longfellow.

TRISTFULLY Trist"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: In a tristful manner; sadly.

TRISTICHOUS Tris"tich*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. Tri-) + (Bot.)

Defn: Arranged in three vertical rows.

TRISTIGMATIC; TRISTIGMATOSE Tri`stig*mat"ic, Tri*stig"ma*tose`, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + stigma.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having, or consisting of, three stigmas. Gray.

TRISTITIATE Tris*ti"ti*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. tristitia sadness, fr. tristis sad.]

Defn: To make sad. [Obs.] Feltham.

TRISTOMA Tris"to*ma, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. Tri-) + (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of trematode worms belonging to Tristoma and allied genera having a large posterior sucker and two small anterior ones. They usually have broad, thin, and disklike bodies, and are parasite on the gills and skin of fishes.

TRISTY Trist"y, a.

Defn: See Trist, a. [Obs.] Ashmole.

TRISULC Tri"sulc, n. Etym: [L. trisulcus; tri- (see Tri-) + sulcus a furrow.]

Defn: Something having three forks or prongs, as a trident. [Obs.] "Jupiter's trisulc." Sir T. Browne.

TRISULCATE Tri*sul"cate, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + sulcate.]

Defn: Having three furrows, forks, or prongs; having three grooves or sulci; three-grooved.

TRISULPHIDE Tri*sul"phide, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + sulphide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A sulphide containing three atoms of sulphur.

TRISYLLABIC; TRISYLLABICAL Tris`yl*lab"ic, Tris`yl*lab"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. trisyllabus, Gr. Tri- ) + trissyllabique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a trisyllable; consisting of three syllables; as, "syllable" is a trisyllabic word. -- Tris`yllab"ic*al*ly, adv.

TRISYLLABLE Tri*syl"la*ble, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + syllable.]

Defn: A word consisting of three syllables only; as, a-ven-ger.

TRITE Trite, a. Etym: [L. tritus, p. p. of terere to rub, to wear out; probably akin to E. throw. See Throw, and cf. Contrite, Detriment, Tribulation, Try.]

Defn: Worn out; common; used until so common as to have lost novelty and interest; hackneyed; stale; as, a trite remark; a trite subject. -- Trite"ly, adv. -- Trite"ness, n.

TRITERNATE Tri*ter"nate, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + ternate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Three times ternate; -- applied to a leaf whose petiole separates into three branches, each of which divides into three parts which each bear three leafiets.

TRITHEISM Tri"the*ism, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. trithéisme.]

Defn: The opinion or doctrine that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are three distinct Gods.

TRITHEIST Tri"the*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. trithéiste.]

Defn: One who believes in tritheism.

TRITHEISTIC; TRITHEISTICAL Tri`the*is"tic, Tri`the*is"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to tritheism. Bolingbroke.

TRITHEITE Tri"the*ite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. trithéite.]

Defn: A tritheist. [Obs.] E. Phillips.

TRITHING Tri"thing, n. Etym: [See Ist Riding.]

Defn: One of three ancient divisions of a county in England; -- now called riding. [Written also riding.] Blackstone.

TRITHIONATE Tri*thi"on*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of trithionic acid.

TRITHIONIC Tri`thi*on"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + thionic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or designating, a certain thionic acid, H2S3O6 which is obtained as a colorless, odorless liquid.

TRITICAL Trit"ic*al, a.

Defn: Trite. [Obs.] T. Warton. -- Trit"ic*al*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Trit"ic*al*ness, n. [Obs.]

TRITICIN Trit"i*cin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A carbohydrate isomeric with dextrin, obtained from quitch grass (Agropyrum, formerly Triticum, repens) as a white amorphous substance.

TRITICUM Trit"i*cum, n. Etym: [L., perhaps fr. tritus, p. p. of terere to grind.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of grasses including the various species of wheat.

TRITON Tri"ton, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: A fabled sea demigod, the son of Neptune and Amphitrite, and the trumpeter of Neptune. He is represented by poets and painters as having the upper part of his body like that of a man, and the lower part like that of a fish. He often has a trumpet made of a shell. Have sight of Proteus rising from the sea, Or hear old Triton blow his wreathed horn. Wordsworth.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of many species of marine gastropods belonging to Triton and allied genera, having a stout spiral shell, often handsomely colored and ornamented with prominent varices. Some of the species are among the largest of all gastropods. Called also trumpet shell, and sea trumpet.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of aquatic salamanders. The common European species are Hemisalamandra cristata, Molge palmata, and M. alpestris, a red-bellied species common in Switzerland. The most common species the United States is Diemyctylus viridescens. See Illust. under Salamander.

TRITONE Tri"tone`, n. Etym: [Gr. (Mus.)

Defn: A superfluous or augmented fourth. [R.]

TRITORIUM Tri*to"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Same as Triturium.

TRITOVUM Tri*to"vum, n.; pl. Tritova. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. ovum egg.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An embryonic insect which has twice cast its skin previous to hatching from the egg.

TRITOZOOID Tri`to*zo"oid, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A zooid of the third generation in asexual reproduction.

TRITUBERCULAR Tri`tu*ber"cu*lar, a. (a) Having or designating teeth with three cusps or tubercles; tricuspid. (b) Pertaining to trituberculy.

TRITUBERCULY Tri`tu*ber"cu*ly, n. [Pref. tri-+ L. tuberculum tubercle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A theory of the development of mammalian molar teeth. The primitive stage is that of simple cones, as in reptiles. The simple cone then developed a smaller cone in front and another behind. Next, a cingulum was developed, and the three cones became arranged in a triangle, the two smaller cusps having moved to the outer side in upper and to the inner in lower molars. This primitive triangle is called the trigon or trigonid and this stage the tritubercular or trigonodont. The trigon being a cutting apparatus, an extension of the posterior part of the crown was developed in lower molars for crushing, and a smaller corresponding part appeared in upper molars. Another large cone then arose, usually from the cingulum. In more complex forms, smaller intermediate cusps appeared.

TRITURABLE Trit"u*ra*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. triturable.]

Defn: Capable of being triturated. Sir T. Browne.

TRITURATE Trit"u*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Triturated; p. pr. & vb. n. Triturating.] Etym: [L. trituratus, p. p. of triturate to thrash (grain), fr. terere, tritum, to rub, rub to pieces. See Trite.]

1. To rub, grind, bruise, or thrash.

2. To rub or grind to a very fine or impalpable powder; to pulverize and comminute thoroughly.

TRITURATION Trit`u*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. trituration, L. trituratio a thrashing of grain.]

Defn: The act of triturating, or reducing to a fine or impalpable powder by grinding, rubbing, bruising, etc. Paley.

TRITURE Trit"ure, n. Etym: [L. tritura, from terere, tritum, to rub, rub to pieces.]

Defn: A rubbing or grinding; trituration. [Obs.] Cheyne.

TRITURIUM Tri*tu"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL.; cf. L. terere, tritum to rub.]

Defn: A vessel for separating liquids of different densities. [Written also tritorium.]

TRITYL Tri"tyl, n. Etym: [Gr. -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: Propyl. [R.]

TRITYLENE Tri"tyl*ene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Propylene. [R.]

TRIUMPH Tri"umph, n. Etym: [L. triumphus, OL. triumpus; of uncertain origin; cf. Gr. triomphe. Cf. Trump at cards.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A magnificent and imposing ceremonial performed in honor of a general who had gained a decisive victory over a foreign enemy.

Note: The general was allowed to enter the city crowned with a wreath of laurel, bearing a scepter in one hand, and a branch of laurel in the other, riding in a circular chariot, of a peculiar form, drawn by four horses. He was preceded by the senate and magistrates, musicians, the spoils, the captives in fetters, etc., and followed by his army on foot in marching order. The procession advanced in this manner to the Capitoline Hill, where sacrifices were offered, and victorious commander entertained with a public feast.

2. Hence, any triumphal procession; a pompous exhibition; a stately show or pageant. [Obs.] Our daughter, In honor of whose birth these triumphs are, Sits here, like beauty's child. Shak.

3. A state of joy or exultation for success. Great triumph and rejoicing was in heaven. Milton. Hercules from Spain Arrived in triumph, from Geryon slain. Dryden.

4. Success causing exultation; victory; conquest; as, the triumph of knowledge.

5. A trump card; also, an old game at cards. [Obs.]

TRIUMPH Tri"umph, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Triumphed; p. pr. & vb. n. Triumphing.] Etym: [L. triumphare: cf. F. triompher. See Triumph, n.]

1. To celebrate victory with pomp; to rejoice over success; to exult in an advantage gained; to exhibit exultation. How long shall the wicked triumph Ps. xciv. 3. Sorrow on thee and all the pack of you That triumph thus upon my misery! Shak.

2. To obtain victory; to be successful; to prevail. Triumphing over death, and chance, and thee, O Time. Milton. On this occasion, however, genius triumphed. Macaulay.

3. To be prosperous; to flourish. Where commerce triumphed on the favoring gales. Trumbull.

4. To play a trump card. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

TRIUMPH Tri"umph, v. t.

Defn: To obtain a victory over; to prevail over; to conquer. Also, to cause to triumph. [Obs.] Two and thirty legions that awe All nations of the triumphed word. Massinger.

TRIUMPHAL Tri*um"phal, a. Etym: [L. triumphalis: cf. F. triomphal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to triumph; used in a triumph; indicating, or in honor of, a triumph or victory; as, a triumphal crown; a triumphal arch. Messiah his triumphal chariot turned. Milton.

TRIUMPHAL Tri*um"phal, n.

Defn: A token of victory. [Obs.] Joyless triumphals of his hoped success. Milton.

TRIUMPHANT Tri*um"phant, a. Etym: [L. triumphans, p. pr. of triumphare: cf. F. triomphant. See Triumph, v. i.]

1. Rejoicing for victory; triumphing; exultant. Successful beyond hope to lead ye forth Triumphant out of this infernal pit. Milton.

2. Celebrating victory; expressive of joy for success; as, a triumphant song or ode.

3. Graced with conquest; victorious. Athena, war's triumphant maid. Pope. So shall it be in the church triumphant. Perkins.

4. Of or pertaining to triumph; triumphal. [Obs.] Captives bound to a triumphant car. Shak. Church triumphant, the church in heaven, enjoying a state of triumph, her warfare with evil being over; -- distinguished from church militant. See under Militant.

TRIUMPHANTLY Tri*um"phant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a triumphant manner.

TRIUMPHER Tri"umph*er, n.

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: One who was honored with a triumph; a victor.

2. One who triumphs or rejoices for victory.

TRIUMPHING Tri"umph*ing, a.

Defn: Having or celebrating a triumph; victorious; triumphant. -- Tri"umph*ing*ly, adv.

TRIUMVIR Tri*um"vir, n.; pl. L. Triumviri, E. Triumvirs. Etym: [L., fr. res, gen. trium, three + vir a man. See Three, and Virile.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: One of tree men united in public office or authority.

Note: In later times the triumvirs of Rome were three men who jointly exercised sovereign power. Julius Cæsar, Crassus, and Pompey were the first triumvirs; Octavianus (Augustus), Antony, and Lepidus were the second and last.

TRIUMVIRATE Tri*um"vi*rate, n. Etym: [L. triumviratus: cf. F. triumvirat.]

1. Government by three in coalition or association; the term of such a government.

2. A coalition or association of three in office or authority; especially, the union of three men who obtained the government of the Roman empire.

TRIUMVIRY Tri*um"vi*ry, n.

Defn: A triumvirate. [Obs.] Shak.

TRIUNE Tri"une, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + L. unus one. See One.]

Defn: Being three in one; -- an epithet used to express the unity of a trinity of persons in the Godhead.

TRIUNGULUS Tri*un"gu*lus, n.; pl. Triunguli. Etym: [NL. See Tri-, and Ungulate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The active young larva of any oil beetle. It has feet armed with three claws, and is parasitic on bees. See Illust. of Oil beetle, under Oil.

TRIUNITY Tri*u"ni*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being triune; trinity. Dr. H. More.

TRIVALENCE Triv"a*lence, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The quality or state of being trivalent.

TRIVALENT Triv"a*lent, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + L. valens, -entis, p. pr. See Valence.] (Chem.)

Defn: Having a valence of three; capable of being combined with, substituted for, or compared with, three atoms of hydrogen; -- said of triad atoms or radicals; thus, nitrogen is trivalent in ammonia.

TRIVALVE Tri"valve, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + valve.]

Defn: Anything having three valves, especially a shell.

TRIVALVULAR Tri*val"vu*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + valvular.]

Defn: Having three valves; three-valved.

TRIVANT Triv"ant, n.

Defn: A truant. [Obs.] Burton.

TRIVERBIAL Tri*ver"bi*al, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + L. verbum a word.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, certain days allowed to the pretor for hearing causes, when be might speak the three characteristic words of his office, do, dico, addico. They were called dies fasti.

TRIVET Triv"et, n. Etym: [Probably through French fr. L. tripes, -edis, three-footed; tri- (see Tri-)+ pes, pedis, foot: cf. F. trépied. See Foot, and cf. Tripod.]

1. A tree-legged stool, table, or other support; especially, a stand to hold a kettle or similar vessel near the fire; a tripod. [Written also trevet.]

2. A weaver's knife. See Trevat. Knight. Trivet table, a table supported by three legs. Dryden.

TRIVIAL Triv"i*al, a. Etym: [L. trivialis, properly, that is in, or belongs to, the crossroads or public streets; hence, that may be found everywhere, common, fr. trivium a place where three roads meet, a crossroad, the public street; tri- (see Tri-) + via a way: cf. F. trivial. See Voyage.]

1. Found anywhere; common. [Obs.]

2. Ordinary; commonplace; trifling; vulgar. As a scholar, meantime, he was trivial, and incapable of labor. De Quincey.

3. Of little worth or importance; inconsiderable; trifling; petty; paltry; as, a trivial subject or affair. The trivial round, the common task. Keble.

4. Of or pertaining to the trivium. Trivial name (Nat. Hist.), the specific name.(Chem.) The common name, not describing the structure and from which the structure cannot be deduced; -- contrasted with systematic name.

TRIVIAL Triv"i*al, n.

Defn: One of the three liberal arts forming the trivium. [Obs.] Skelton. Wood.

TRIVIALISM Triv"i*al*ism, n.

Defn: A trivial matter or method; a triviality. Carlyle.

TRIVIALITY Triv`i*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Trivialities. Etym: [Cf. F. trivialité]

1. The quality or state of being trivial; trivialness.

2. That which is trivial; a trifle. The philosophy of our times does not expend itself in furious discussions on mere scholastic trivialities. Lyon Playfair.

TRIVIALLY Triv"i*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a trivial manner.

TRIVIALNESS Triv"i*al*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being trivial.

TRIVIUM Triv"i*um, n. Etym: [LL. See Trivial.]

1. The three " liberal" arts, grammar, logic, and rhetoric; -- being a triple way, as it were, to eloquence.

Note: The trivium and quadrivium together made up the seven liberal arts. See Quadrivium.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The three anterior ambulacra of echinoderms, collectively.

TRIWEEKLY Tri"week`ly, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + weekly.]

Defn: Occurring or appearing three times a week; thriceweekly; as, a triweekly newspaper. -- adv.

Defn: Three times a week. -- n.

Defn: A triweekly publication.

Note: This is a convenient word, but is not legitimately formed. It should mean occurring once in three weeks, as triennial means once in three years. Cf. Biweekly.

TROAD Troad, n.

Defn: See Trode. [Obs.]

TROAT Troat, v. i. Etym: [Either onomatopoetic, or akin to throat.]

Defn: To cry, as a buck in rutting time.

TROAT Troat, n.

Defn: The cry of a buck in rutting time.

TROCAR Tro"car, n. Etym: [F. trocart (or trois-quarts, i. e., three quarters); trois three (L. tres) + carre the side of a sword blade; - - so called from its triangular point.] (Surg.)

Defn: A stylet, usually with a triangular point, used for exploring tissues or for inserting drainage tubes, as in dropsy. [Written also trochar.]

TROCHA Tro"cha, n. [Sp., bypath, crossroad.] (Mil.)

Defn: A line of fortifications, usually rough, constructed to prevent the passage of an enemy across a region. [Sp. Amer.]

TROCHAIC Tro*cha"ic, n. (Pros.)

Defn: A trochaic verse or measure. Dryden.

TROCHAIC; TROCHAICAL Tro*cha"ic, Tro*cha"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. trochaïcus, Gr. Trochee.] (Pros.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to trochees; consisting of trochees; as, trochaic measure or verse.

TROCHAL Tro"chal, a. Etym: [From Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling a wheel. Trochal disk (Zoöl.), the cephalic disk of a rotifer. It is usually surrounded by a fringe of cilia.

TROCHANTER Tro*chan"ter, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: One of two processes near the head of the femur, the outer being called the great trochanter, and the inner the small trochanter.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The third joint of the leg of an insect, or the second when the trochantine is united with the coxa.

TROCHANTERIC Tro`chan*ter"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to one or both of the trochanters.

TROCHANTINE Tro*chan"tine, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The second joint of the leg of an insect, -- often united with the coxa.

TROCHAR Tro"char, n. (Surg.)

Defn: See Trocar.

TROCHE Tro"che (tro"ke), n. Etym: [Gr. trocho`s anything round or circular, a wheel, properly, a runner, fr. tre`chein to run. Cf. Trochee.] (Pharm.)

Defn: A medicinal tablet or lozenge; strictly, one of circular form.

TROCHEE Tro"chee, n. Etym: [L. trochaeus, Gr. Troche, Truck a wheel.] (Pros.)

Defn: A foot of two syllables, the first long and the second short, as in the Latin word ante, or the first accented and the second unaccented, as in the English word motion; a choreus.

TROCHIL Tro"chil, n. Etym: [Cf. F. trochile. See Trochilus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The crocodile bird. The crocodile . . . opens his chaps to let the trochil in to pick his teeth, which gives it the usual feeding. Sir T. Herbert.

TROCHILI Troch"i*li, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Trochilus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of birds comprising the humming birds.

TROCHILIC Tro*chil"ic, a. Etym: [See Trochilics.]

Defn: OF or pertaining to rotary motion; having power to draw out or turn round. "By art trochilic." Camden.

TROCHILICS Tro*chil"ics, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The science of rotary motion, or of wheel work. Wilkins.

TROCHILIDIST Tro*chil"i*dist, n. Etym: [See Trochilus.]

Defn: One who studies, or is versed in, the nature and habits of humming birds, or the Trochilidæ. Gould.

TROCHILOS Troch"i*los, n. Etym: [NL. See Trochilus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The crocodile bird, or trochil.

TROCHILUS Troch"i*lus, n.; pl. Trochili. Etym: [L.trochilus a kind of small bird. Gr. to run.]

1. (Zoöl.) (a) A genus of humming birds. It Formerly included all the known species. (b) Any one of several species of wrens and kinglets. [Obs.] (c) The crocodile bird.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: An annular molding whose section is concave, like the edge of a pulley; -- called also scotia.

TROCHING Tro"ching, n. Etym: [OF. troche cluster, group; cf. F. trochure a surantler, trochée branches of a seedling, trochet cluster of flowers or fruits.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the small branches of a stag's antler.

TROCHISCUS Tro*chis"cus, n.; pl. Trochisci. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Troche.] (Pharm.)

Defn: A kind of tablet or lozenge; a troche.

TROCHISK Tro"chisk, n. Etym: [Cf. F. trochisque.]

Defn: See Trochiscus. [Obs.] Bacon.

TROCHITE Tro"chite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A wheel-like joint of the stem of a fossil crinoid.

TROCHLEA Troch"le*a, n. Etym: [L., a case or sheaf containing one or more pulleys, Gr. Trochilics.]

1. (Mach.)

Defn: A pulley. [Obs.]

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A pulley, or a structure resembling a pulley; as, the trochlea, or pulleylike end, of the humerus, which articulates with the ulna; or the trochlea, or fibrous ring, in the upper part of the orbit, through which the superior oblique, or trochlear, muscle of the eye passes.

TROCHLEAR Troch"le*ar, n. Etym: [L. trochlea block or pulley.] (Anat.)

Defn: Shaped like, or resembling, a pulley; pertaining to, or connected with, a trochlea; as, a trochlear articular surface; the trochlear muscle of the eye. Trochlear nerve. See Pathetic nerve, under Pathetic.

TROCHLEARY Troch"le*a*ry, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or connected with, a trochlea; trochlear; as, the trochleary, or trochlear, nerve.

TROCHOID Tro"choid, n. Etym: [Gr. -oid; cf. F. trochoïde. See Troche.] (Geom.)

Defn: The curve described by any point in a wheel rolling on a line; a cycloid; a roulette; in general, the curve described by any point fixedly connected with a moving curve while the moving curve rolls without slipping on a second fixed curve, the curves all being in one plane. Cycloids, epicycloids, hypocycloids, cardioids, etc., are all trochoids.

TROCHOID Tro"choid, a.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Admitting of rotation on an axis; -- sometimes applied to a pivot joint like that between the atlas and axis in the vertebral column.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Top-shaped; having a flat base and conical spire; -- said of certain shells.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the genus Trochus or family Trochidæ.

TROCHOIDAL Tro*choid"al, a.

1. (Geom.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a trochoid; having the properties of a trochoid.

2. (Anat. & Zoöl.)

Defn: See Trochoid, a.

TROCHOMETER Tro*chom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: A contrivance for computing the revolutions of a wheel; an odometer.

TROCHOSPHERE Troch"o*sphere, n. Etym: [Gr. sphere.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young larval form of many annelids, mollusks, and bryozoans, in which a circle of cilia is developed around the anterior end.

TROCHUS Tro"chus, n.; pl. Trochi. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of marine univalve shells belonging to Trochus and many allied genera of the family Trochidæ. Some of the species are called also topshells.

TROCO Tro"co, n.

Defn: An old English game; -- called also lawn billiards.

TROD Trod,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Tread.

TRODDEN Trod"den,

Defn: p. p. of Tread.

TRODE Trode, archaic

Defn: imp. of Tread. On burnished hooves his war-horse trode. Tennyson.

TRODE Trode, n. Etym: [AS. trod, fr. tredan to tread. See Tread.]

Defn: Tread; footing. [Written also troad.][Obs.] Spenser.

TROGLODYTE Trog"lo*dyte, n. Etym: [L. troglodytae, pl., Gr. troglodyte.]

1. (Ethnol.)

Defn: One of any savage race that dwells in caves, instead of constructing dwellings; a cave dweller. Most of the primitive races of man were troglodytes. In the troglodytes' country there is a lake, for the hurtful water it beareth called the "mad lake." Holland.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An anthropoid ape, as the chimpanzee.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wren.

TROGLODYTES Trog`lo*dy"tes, n. Etym: [NL. See Troglodyte.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of apes including the chimpanzee.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of singing birds including the common wrens.

TROGLODYTIC; TROGLODYTICAL Trog`lo*dyt"ic, Trog`lo*dyt"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. troglodyticus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a troglodyte, or dweller in caves.

TROGON Tro"gon, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of beautiful tropical birds belonging to the family Trogonidæ. They are noted for the brilliant colors and the resplendent luster of their plumage.

Note: Some of the species have a train of long brilliant feathers lying over the tail and consisting of the upper tail coverts. Unlike other birds having two toes directed forward and two backward, they have the inner toe turned backward. A few species are found in Africa and India, but the greater number, including the most brilliant species, are found in tropical America. See Illust. of Quesal.

TROGONOID Tro"gon*oid, a. Etym: [Trogon + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the trogons.

TROGUE Trogue, n. Etym: [Cf. G. trog trough, E. trough.] (Mining)

Defn: A wooden trough, forming a drain. Raymond.

TROIC Tro"ic, a. Etym: [L. Troicus, Gr. Trojan.]

Defn: Pertaining to Troy; Trojan. Gladstone.

TROILITE Tro"i*lite, n. Etym: [Named after Dominico Troili, an Italian of the 18th century.] (Min.)

Defn: Native iron protosulphide, FeS. It is known only in meteoric irons, and is usually in imbedded nodular masses of a bronze color.

TROILUS Tro"i*lus, n.; pl. L. Troili, E. Troiluses. Etym: [NL., fr. L. Troilus, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, handsome American butterfly (Euphoeades, or Papilio, troilus). It is black, with yellow marginal spots on the front wings, and blue spots on the rear wings.

TROILUS BUTTERFLY Tro"i*lus butterfly.

Defn: A large American butterfly (Papilio troilus). It is black, with yellow marginal spots on the front wings, and blue on the rear.

TROIS POINT Trois` point". [F. trois three.] (Backgammon)

Defn: The third point from the outer edge on each player's home table.

TROJAN Tro"jan, a. Etym: [L. Trojanus, fr. Troja, Troia, Troy, from Tros, Gr. Trw`s, Trwo`s, Tros, the mythical founder of Troy.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to ancient Troy or its inhabitants. -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Troy. Tim jumped like a Trojan from the bed. Finnegan's Wake (Irish song)

TROLL Troll, n. Etym: [Icel. troll. Cf. Droll, Trull.] (Scand. Myth.)

Defn: A supernatural being, often represented as of diminutive size, but sometimes as a giant, and fabled to inhabit caves, hills, and like places; a witch. Troll flower. (Bot.) Same as Globeflower (a).

TROLL Troll, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trolled; p. pr. & vb. n. Trolling.] Etym: [OE. trollen to roll, F. trôler, Of. troller to drag about, to ramble; probably of Teutonic origin; cf. G. trollen to roll, ramble, sich trollen to be gone; or perhaps for trotler, fr. F. trotter to trot (cf. Trot.). Cf. Trawl.]

1. To move circularly or volubly; to roll; to turn. To dress and troll the tongue, and roll the eye. Milton.

2. To send about; to circulate, as a vessel in drinking. Then doth she troll to the bowl. Gammer Gurton's Needle. Troll the brown bowl. Sir W. Scott.

3. To sing the parts of in succession, as of a round, a catch, and the like; also, to sing loudly or freely. Will you troll the catch Shak. His sonnets charmed the attentive crowd, By wide-mouthed mortaltrolled aloud. Hudibras.

4. To angle for with a trolling line, or with a book drawn along the surface of the water; hence, to allure.

5. To fish in; to seek to catch fish from. With patient angle trolls the finny deep. Goldsmith.

TROLL Troll, v. i.

1. To roll; to run about; to move around; as, to troll in a coach and six.

2. To move rapidly; to wag. F. Beaumont.

3. To take part in trolling a song.

4. To fish with a rod whose line runs on a reel; also, to fish by drawing the hook through the water. Their young men . . . trolled along the brooks that abounded in fish. Bancroft.

TROLL Troll, n.

1. The act of moving round; routine; repetition. Burke.

2. A song the parts of which are sung in succession; a catch; a round. Thence the catch and troll, while "Laughter, holding both his sides," sheds tears to song and ballad pathetic on the woes of married life. Prof. Wilson.

3. A trolley. Troll plate (Mach.), a rotative disk with spiral ribs or grooves, by which several pieces, as the jaws of a chuck, can be brought together or spread radially.

TROLLER Troll"er, n.

Defn: One who trolls.

TROLLEY; TROLLY Trol"ley, Trol"ly, n. (a) A form of truck which can be tilted, for carrying railroad materials, or the like. [Eng.] (b) A narrow cart that is pushed by hand or drawn by an animal. [Eng.] (c) (Mach.) A truck from which the load is suspended in some kinds of cranes. (d) (Electric Railway) A truck which travels along the fixed conductors, and forms a means of connection between them and a railway car. Trolley line, (a) A trolley(e). (b) The path along which a trolley(e) runs. -- Trolley car, a wheeled car powered by electricity drawn from a trolley, and thus constrained to follow the trolley lines.

TROLLEY CAR Trol"ley car. (Elec.)

Defn: A motor car to which the current is conveyed by means of a trolley.

TROLLEY WIRE Trolley wire.

Defn: A heavy conducting wire on which the trolley car runs and from which it receives the current.

TROLLMYDAMES Troll"my*dames`, n. Etym: [F.trou-madame pigeon holes.]

Defn: The game of nineholes. [Written also trolmydames.] [Obs.] Shak.

TROLLOP Trol"lop, n. Etym: [From Troll to roll, to stroll; but cf. also Trull.]

Defn: A stroller; a loiterer; esp., an idle, untidy woman; a slattern; a slut; a whore.

TROLLOPEE Trol`lop*ee", n.

Defn: A kind of loose dress for women. [Obs.] Goldsmith.

TROMBONE Trom"bone, n. Etym: [It., aug. of tromba a trumpet: cf. F. trombone. See Trump a trumpet.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A powerful brass instrument of the trumpet kind, thought by some to be the ancient sackbut, consisting of a tube in three parts, bent twice upon itself and ending in a bell. The middle part, bent double, slips into the outer parts, as in a telescope, so that by change of the vibrating length any tone within the compass of the instrument (which may be bass or tenor or alto or even, in rare instances, soprano) is commanded. It is the only member of the family of wind instruments whose scale, both diatonic and chromatic, is complete without the aid of keys or pistons, and which can slide from note to note as smoothly as the human voice or a violin. Softly blown, it has a rich and mellow sound, which becomes harsh and blatant when the tones are forced; used with discretion, its effect is often solemn and majestic.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common European bittern.

TROMMEL Trom"mel, n. Etym: [Cf. G. trommel a drum.] (Mining)

Defn: A revolving buddle or sieve for separating, or sizing, ores. Raymond.

TROMP Tromp, n. Etym: [F. trombe, trompe, a waterspout, a water-blowing machine. Cf. Trump a trumpet.]

Defn: A blowing apparatus, in which air, drawn into the upper part of a vertical tube through side holes by a stream of water within, is carried down with the water into a box or chamber below which it is led to a furnace. [Written also trompe, and trombe.]

TROMP; TROMPE Tromp, Trompe, n. Etym: [See Trump a trumpet.]

Defn: A trumpet; a trump. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TROMPIL Tromp"il, n. Etym: [OF. trompille, equiv. to F. trompette a trumpet.]

Defn: An aperture in a tromp.

TRON Tron, n.

Defn: See 3d Trone, 2. [Obs. or Scott.]

TRONA Tro"na, n. Etym: [Of Egyptian or North African origin.] (Chem. & Min.)

Defn: A native double salt, consisting of a combination of neutral and acid sodium carbonate, Na2CO3.2HNaCO3.2H2O, occurring as a white crystalline fibrous deposit from certain soda brine springs and lakes; -- called also urao, and by the ancients nitrum.

TRONAGE Tron"age, n. Etym: [From Trone a steelyard.]

Defn: A toll or duty paid for weighing wool; also, the act of weighing wool. [Obs.] Nares.

TRONATOR Tro*na"tor, n. Etym: [LL. See Tronage.]

Defn: An officer in London whose duty was to weigh wool. [Obs.]

TRONE Trone, n.

Defn: A throne. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TRONE Trone, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. F. trogne a belly.]

Defn: A small drain. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

TRONE; TRONES Trone, Trones, n. Etym: [LL. trona, fr. L. trutina a balance; cf. Gr.

1. A steelyard. [Prov. Eng.]

2. A form of weighing machine for heavy wares, consisting of two horizontal bars crossing each other, beaked at the extremities, and supported by a wooden pillar. It is now mostly disused. [Scot.] Jamieson. Trone stone, a weight equivalent to nineteen and a half pounds. [Scot.] -- Trone weight, a weight formerly used in Scotland, in which a pound varied from 21 to 28 ounces avoirdupois.

TROOP Troop, n. Etym: [F. troupe, OF. trope, trupe, LL. troppus; of uncertain origin; cf. Icel. þorp a hamlet, village, G. dorf a village, dial. G. dorf a meeting. Norw. torp a little farm, a crowd, E. thorp. Cf. Troupe.]

1. A collection of people; a company; a number; a multitude. That which should accompany old age --As honor, love, obedience, troops of friends --I must not look to have. Shak.

2. Soldiers, collectively; an army; -- now generally used in the plural. Farewell the plumed troop, and the big wars. Shak. His troops moved to victory with the precision of machines. Macaulay.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: Specifically, a small body of cavalry, light horse, or dragoons, consisting usually of about sixty men, commanded by a captain; the unit of formation of cavalry, corresponding to the company in infantry. Formerly, also, a company of horse artillery; a battery.

4. A company of stageplayers; a troupe. W. Coxe.

5. (Mil.)

Defn: A particular roll of the drum; a quick march.

TROOP Troop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trooped; p. pr. & vb. n. Trooping.]

1. To move in numbers; to come or gather in crowds or troops. "Armies . . . troop to their standard." Milton.

2. To march on; to go forward in haste. Nor do I, as an enemy to peace, Troop in the throngs of military men. Shak.

TROOPBIRD Troop"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any troupial.

TROOPER Troop"er, n.

Defn: A soldier in a body of cavalry; a cavalryman; also, the horse of a cavalryman.

TROOPFOWL Troop"fowl`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American scaup duck. [Local, U. S.]

TROOPIAL Troop"i*al, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Troupial.

TROOPMEAL Troop"meal`, adv. Etym: [Troop + -meal as in piecemeal.]

Defn: By troops; in crowds. [Obs.] So, troopmeal, Troy pursued a while, laying on with swords and darts. Chapman.

TROOPSHIP Troop"ship`, n.

Defn: A vessel built or fitted for the conveyance of troops; a transport. [Eng.]

TROOSTITE Troost"ite, n. Etym: [So named after Dr. Gerard Troost, of Nashville, Tenn.] (Min.)

Defn: Willemite.

TROPAEOLIN Tro*pæ"o*lin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A name given to any one of a series of orange-red dyestuffs produced artificially from certain complex sulphonic acid derivatives of azo and diazo hydrocarbons of the aromatic series; -- so called because of the general resemblance to the shades of nasturtium (Tropæolum).

TROPE Trope, n. Etym: [L. tropus, Gr. Torture, and cf. Trophy, Tropic, Troubadour, Trover.] (Rhet.) (a) The use of a word or expression in a different sense from that which properly belongs to it; the use of a word or expression as changed from the original signification to another, for the sake of giving life or emphasis to an idea; a figure of speech. (b) The word or expression so used. In his frequent, long, and tedious speeches, it has been said that a trope never passed his lips. Bancroft.

Note: Tropes are chiefly of four kinds: metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, and irony. Some authors make figures the genus, of which trope is a species; others make them different things, defining trope to be a change of sense, and figure to be any ornament, except what becomes so by such change.

TROPEINE Tro*pe"ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a series of artificial ethereal salts derived from the alkaloidal base tropine.

TROPHI Tro"phi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The mouth parts of an insect, collectively, including the labrum, labium, maxillæ, mandibles, and lingua, with their appendages.

TROPHIC Troph"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Trophi.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or connected with nutrition; nitritional; nourishing; as, the so-called trophic nerves, which have a direct influence on nutrition.

TROPHIED Tro"phied, a.

Defn: Adorned with trophies. The trophied arches, storied halls, invade. Pope.

TROPHONIAN Tro*pho"ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Trophonianus, fr. Trophonius, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Trophonius, his architecture, or his cave and oracle.

TROPHOSOME Troph"o*some, n. Etym: [Gr. -some body.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The nutritive zooids of a hydroid, collectively, as distinguished from the gonosome, or reproductive zooids.

TROPHOSPERM Troph"o*sperm, n. Etym: [Gr. trophosperme. See Trophi.] (Bot.)

Defn: The placenta.

TROPHY Tro"phy, n.; pl. Trophies. Etym: [F. trophée (cf. It. & Sp. trofeo), L. tropaeum, trophaeum, Gr. Trope.]

1. (Gr. & Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A sign or memorial of a victory raised on the field of battle, or, in case of a naval victory, on the nearest land. Sometimes trophies were erected in the chief city of the conquered people.

Note: A trophy consisted originally of some of the armor, weapons, etc., of the defeated enemy fixed to the trunk of a tree or to a post erected on an elevated site, with an inscription, and a dedication to a divinity. The Romans often erected their trophies in the Capitol.

2. The representation of such a memorial, as on a medal; esp. (Arch.), an ornament representing a group of arms and military weapons, offensive and defensive.

3. Anything taken from an enemy and preserved as a memorial of victory, as arms, flags, standards, etc. Around the posts hung helmets, darts, and spears, And captive chariots, axes, shields, and bars, And broken beaks of ships, the trophies of their wars. Dryden.

4. Any evidence or memorial of victory or conquest; as, every redeemed soul is a trophy of grace.

Note: Some trophies(5) are unique, temporary possession of the same object passing to the new victors of some periodic contest in subsequent occurrences. Others are objects of little inherent worth, given by the authority sponsoring the contest to the victor. A trophy is sometimes shaped like a cup, and in such cases may be called a cup, as the America's Cup (in Yacht racing). Trophy money, a duty paid formerly in England, annually, by housekeepers, toward providing harness, drums, colors, and the like, for the militia.

TROPIC Trop"ic, a. Etym: [Atropine + -ic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from atropine and certain other alkaloids, as a white crystalline substance slightly soluble in water.

TROPIC Trop"ic, n. Etym: [F. tropique, L.tropicus of or belonging to a turn, i. e., of the sun, Gr. Trope.]

1. (Astron.)

Defn: One of the two small circles of the celestial sphere, situated on each side of the equator, at a distance of 23º 28min, and parallel to it, which the sun just reaches at its greatest declination north or south, and from which it turns again toward the equator, the northern circle being called the Tropic of Cancer, and the southern the Tropic of Capricorn, from the names of the two signs at which they touch the ecliptic.

2. (Geog.) (a) One of the two parallels of terrestrial latitude corresponding to the celestial tropics, and called by the same names. (b) pl.

Defn: The region lying between these parallels of latitude, or near them on either side. The brilliant flowers of the tropics bloom from the windows of the greenhouse and the saloon. Bancroft.

TROPIC Trop"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the tropics; tropical. Tropic bird (Zoöl.), any one of three species of oceanic belonging to the genus Phaëthon, found chiefly in tropical seas. They are mostly white, and have two central tail feathers very long and slender. The yellow-billed tropic bird. Phaëthon flavirostris (called also boatswain), is found on the Atlantic coast of America, and is common at the Bermudas, where it breeds.

TROPICAL Trop"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. L. tropicus of turning, Gr. Tropic, n.]

1. Of or pertaining to the tropics; characteristic of, or incident to, the tropics; being within the tropics; as, tropical climate; tropical latitudes; tropical heat; tropical diseases.

2. Etym: [From Trope.]

Defn: Rhetorically changed from its exact original sense; being of the nature of a trope; figurative; metaphorical. Jer. Taylor. The foundation of all parables is some analogy or similitude between the tropical or allusive part of the parable and the thing intended by it. South. Tropic month. See Lunar month, under Month. -- Tropic year, the solar year; the period occupied by the sun in passing from one tropic or one equinox to the same again, having a mean length of 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 46.0 seconds, which is 20 minutes, 23.3 seconds shorter than the sidereal year, on account of the precession of the equinoxes.

TROPICALLY Trop"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a tropical manner; figuratively; metaphorically.

TROPIDINE Trop"i*dine, n. Etym: [See Tropine.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid, C8H13N, obtained by the chemical dehydration of tropine, as an oily liquid having a coninelike odor.

TROPILIDENE Tro*pil"i*dene, n. Etym: [See Tropine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid hydrocarbon obtained by the dry distillation of tropine with quicklime. It is regarded as being homologous with dipropargyl.

TROPINE Tro"pine, n. Etym: [From Atropine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline alkaloid, C8H15NO, produced by decomposing atropine.

TROPISM Tro"pism, n. [Gr. a turning, to turn + -ism.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Modification of the direction of growth.

TROPIST Trop"ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tropiste. See Trope.]

Defn: One who deals in tropes; specifically, one who avoids the literal sense of the language of Scripture by explaining it as mere tropes and figures of speech.

TROPOLOGIC; TROPOLOGICAL Trop`o*log"ic, Trop`o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. tropologique. See Tropology.]

Defn: Characterized by tropes; varied by tropes; tropical. Burton. -- Trop`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

TROPOLOGIZE Tro*pol"o*gize, v. t.

Defn: To use in a tropological sense, as a word; to make a trope of. [R.] If . . . Minerva be tropologized into prudence. Cudworth.

TROPOLOGY Tro*pol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. tropologie.]

Defn: A rhetorical mode of speech, including tropes, or changes from the original import of the word. Sir T. Browne.

TROPPO Trop"po, adv. [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Too much; as, allegro ma non troppo, brisk but not too much so.

TROSSERS Tros"sers, n. pl.

Defn: Trousers. [Obs.] Shak.

TROT Trot, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Trotting.] Etym: [OE. trotten, OF. troter, F. trotter; probably of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. tread; cf. OHG. trott to tread. See Tread.]

1. To proceed by a certain gait peculiar to quadrupeds; to ride or drive at a trot. See Trot, n.

2. Fig.: To run; to jog; to hurry. He that rises late must trot all day, and will scarcely overtake his business at night. Franklin.

TROT Trot, v. t.

Defn: To cause to move, as a horse or other animal, in the pace called a trot; to cause to run without galloping or cantering. To trot out, to lead or bring out, as a horse, to show his paces; hence, to bring forward, as for exhibition. [Slang.]

TROT Trot, n. Etym: [F. See Trot, v. i.]

1. The pace of a horse or other quadruped, more rapid than a walk, but of various degrees of swiftness, in which one fore foot and the hind foot of the opposite side are lifted at the same time. "The limbs move diagonally in pairs in the trot." Stillman (The Horse in Motion).

2. Fig.: A jogging pace, as of a person hurrying.

3. One who trots; a child; a woman. An old trot with ne'er a tooth. Shak.

TROTH Troth, n. Etym: [A variant of truth. See Truth.]

1. Belief; faith; fidelity. Bid her alight And hertroth plight. Shak.

2. Truth; verity; veracity; as, by my troth. Shak. In troth, thou art able to instruct gray hairs. Addison.

3. Betrothal.

TROTHLESS Troth"less, a.

Defn: Faitless; false; treacherous. Thrall to the faithless waves and trothless sky. Fairfax.

TROTHPLIGHT Troth"plight`, v. t.

Defn: To betroth. [Obs.]

TROTHPLIGHT Troth"plight`, a.

Defn: Betrothed; espoused; affianced. [Obs.] Shak.

TROTHPLIGHT Troth"plight`, n.

Defn: The act of betrothing, or plighting faith; betrothing. [Obs.] Shak.

TROTHPLIGHTED Troth"plight`ed, a.

Defn: Having fidelity pledged.

TROTTER Trot"ter, n.

1. One that trots; especially, a horse trained to be driven in trotting matches.

2. The foot of an animal, especially that of a sheep; also, humorously, the human foot.

TROTTOIR Trot"toir, n. Etym: [F., from trotter to trot. See Trot.]

Defn: Footpath; pavement; sidewalk. Headless bodies trailed along the trottoirs. Froude.

TROUBADOUR Trou"ba*dour`, n. Etym: [F. troubadour, fr. Pr. trobador, (assumed) LL. tropator a singer, tropare to sing, fr. tropus a kind of singing, a melody, song, L. tropus a trope, a song, Gr. Trope, and cf. Trouv.]

Defn: One of a school of poets who flourished from the eleventh to the thirteenth century, principally in Provence, in the south of France, and also in the north of Italy. They invented, and especially cultivated, a kind of lyrical poetry characterized by intricacy of meter and rhyme, and usually of a romantic, amatory strain.

TROUBLABLE Trou"bla*ble, a.

Defn: Causing trouble; troublesome. [Obs.] troublable ire." Chaucer.

TROUBLE Trou"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Troubled; p. pr. & vb. n. Troubling.] Etym: [F. troubler, OF. trobler, trubler, tourbler,fr. (assumed) LL. turbulare, L. turbare to disorderly group, a little crowd; both from turba a disorder, tumult, crowd; akin to Gr. thorp; cf. Skr. tvar, tur,o hasten. Cf. Turbid.]

1. To put into confused motion; to disturb; to agitate. An angel went down at a certain season into the pool, and troubled the water. John v. 4. God looking forth will trouble all his host. Milton.

2. To disturb; to perplex; to afflict; to distress; to grieve; to fret; to annoy; to vex. Now is my soul troubled. John xii. 27. Take the boy to you; he so troubles me 'T is past enduring. Shak. Never trouble yourself about those faults which age will cure. Locke.

3. To give occasion for labor to; -- used in polite phraseology; as, I will not trouble you to deliver the letter.

Syn. -- To disturb; perplex; afflict; distress; grieve; harass; annoy; tease; vex; molest.

TROUBLE Trou"ble, a.

Defn: Troubled; dark; gloomy. [Obs.] "With full trouble cheer." Chaucer.

TROUBLE Trou"ble, n. Etym: [F. trouble, OF. troble, truble. See Trouble, v. t.]

1. The state of being troubled; disturbance; agitation; uneasiness; vexation; calamity. Lest the fiend . . . some new trouble raise. Milton. Foul whisperings are abroad; unnatural deeds Do breed unnatural troubles. Shak.

2. That which gives disturbance, annoyance, or vexation; that which afflicts.

3. (Mining)

Defn: A fault or interruption in a stratum. To get into trouble, to get into difficulty or danger. [Colloq.] -- To take the trouble, to be at the pains; to exert one's self; to give one's self inconvenience. She never took the trouble to close them. Bryant.

Syn. -- Affliction; disturbance; perplexity; annoyance; molestation; vexation; inconvenience; calamity; misfortune; adversity; embarrassment; anxiety; sorrow; misery.

TROUBLER Trou"bler, n.

Defn: One who troubles or disturbs; one who afflicts or molests; a disturber; as, a troubler of the peace. The rich troublers of the world's repose. Waller.

TROUBLESOME Trou"ble*some, a.

Defn: Giving trouble or anxiety; vexatious; burdensome; wearisome. This troublesome world. Book of Common Prayer. These troublesome disguises that we wear. Milton. My mother will never be troublesome to me. Pope.

Syn. -- Uneasy; vexatious; perplexing; harassing; annoying; disgusting; irksome; afflictive; burdensome; tiresome; wearisome; importunate. -- Trou"ble*some*ly, adv. -- Trou"ble*some*ness, n.

TROUBLOUS Trou"blous, a.

Defn: Full of trouble; causing trouble. "In doubtful time of troublous need." Byron. A tall ship tossed in troublous seas. Spenser.

TROU-DE-LOUP Trou"-de-loup", n.; pl. Trous-de-loup(Etym: [F. trou hole + de of + loup wolf.] (Mil.)

Defn: A pit in the form of an inverted cone or pyramid, constructed as an obstacle to the approach of an enemy, and having a pointed stake in the middle. The pits are called also trapholes.

TROUGH Trough, n. Etym: [OE. trough, trogh, AS. trog, troh; akin to D., G., & Icel. trog, Sw. tråg, Dan. trug; probably originally meaning, made of wood, and akin to E. tree. Tree, and cf. Trug.]

1. A long, hollow vessel, generally for holding water or other liquid, especially one formed by excavating a log longitudinally on one side; a long tray; also, a wooden channel for conveying water, as to a mill wheel.

2. Any channel, receptacle, or depression, of a long and narrow shape; as, trough between two ridges, etc. Trough gutter (Arch.), a rectangular or V-shaped gutter, usually hung below the eaves of a house. -- Trough of the sea, the depression between two waves.

TROUGH-SHELL Trough"-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bivalve shell of the genus Mactra. See Mactra.

TROUL Troul, v. t. & i.

Defn: See Troll.

TROUNCE Trounce, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trounced; p. pr. & vb. n. Trouncing.] Etym: [F. tronce, tronche, a stump, piece of wood. See Truncheon.]

Defn: To punish or beat severely; to whip smartly; to flog; to castigate. [Colloq.]

TROUPE Troupe, n. Etym: [F., troop. See Troop.]

Defn: A company or troop, especially the company pf performers in a play or an opera.

TROUPIAL Troup"i*al, n. Etym: [F. troupiale.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of bright-colored American birds belonging to Icterus and allied genera, especially Icterus icterus, a native of the West Indies and South America. Many of the species are called orioles in America. [Written also troopial.]

TROUSE Trouse, n.

Defn: Trousers. [Obs.] Spenser.

TROUSERING Trou"ser*ing, n.

Defn: Cloth or material for making trousers.

TROUSERS Trou"sers, n. pl. Etym: [OF. trousses breeches worn by pages, from trousse, trosse, a bundle, a truss. See Truss, and cf. Trossers, Trouse.]

Defn: A garment worn by men and boys, extending from the waist to the knee or to the ankle, and covering each leg separately. pants; used attrib. in the singular, as a trouser leg; see pant

TROUSSE Trousse, n. [F. See Truss; cf. Trousseau.]

Defn: A case for small implements; as, a surgeon's trousse.

TROUSSEAU Trous`seau", n. Etym: [F., fr. OF. trossel, dim. of trousse a bundle, truss. See Truss.]

Defn: The collective lighter equipments or outfit of a bride, including clothes, jewelry, and the like; especially, that which is provided for her by her family.

TROUT Trout, n. Etym: [AS. truht, L. tructa, tructus; akin to Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of fishes belonging to Salmo, Salvelinus, and allied genera of the family Salmonidæ. They are highly esteemed as game fishes and for the quality of their flesh. All the species breed in fresh water, but after spawning many of them descend to the sea if they have an opportunity.

Note: The most important European species are the river, or brown, trout (Salmo fario), the salmon trout, and the sewen. The most important American species are the brook, speckled, or red-spotted, trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) of the Northern United States and Canada; the red-spotted trout, or Dolly Varden (see Malma); the lake trout (see Namaycush); the black-spotted, mountain, or silver, trout (Salmo purpuratus); the golden, or rainbow, trout (see under Rainbow); the blueback trout (see Oquassa); and the salmon trout (see under Salmon.) The European trout has been introduced into America.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of marine fishes more or less resembling a trout in appearance or habits, but not belonging to the same family, especially the California rock trouts, the common squeteague, and the southern, or spotted, squeteague; -- called also salt-water trout, sea trout, shad trout, and gray trout. See Squeteague, and Rock trout under Rock. Trout perch (Zoöl.), a small fresh-water American fish (Percopsis guttatus), allied to the trout, but resembling a perch in its scales and mouth.

TROUTBIRD Trout"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American golden plover. [Local, U. S.]

TROUT-COLORED Trout"-col`ored, a.

Defn: White, with spots of black, bay, or sorrel; as, a trout-colored horse.

TROUTLET Trout"let, n.

Defn: A little trout; a troutling. Hood.

TROUTLING Trout"ling, n.

Defn: A little trout; a troutlet.

TROUVERE; TROUVEUR Trou`vère", Trou`veur", n. Etym: [F. trouveur, trouvère. See Troubadour.]

Defn: One of a school of poets who flourished in Northern France from the eleventh to the fourteenth century.

TROVER Tro"ver, n. Etym: [OF. trover, truver, to find, F. trouver; probably originally, to invent or compose (melodies), fr. (assumed) LL. tropare. See Troubadour, Trope, and cf. Contrive, Reirieve, Trouveur.] (Law) (a) The gaining possession of any goods, whether by finding or by other means. (b) An action to recover damages against one who found goods, and would not deliver them to the owner on demand; an action which lies in any case to recover the value of goods wrongfully converted by another to his own use. In this case the finding, though alleged, is an immaterial fact; the injury lies in the conversion.

TROW Trow, n.

Defn: A boat with an open well amidships. It is used in spearing fish. Knight.

TROW Trow, v. i. & t. Etym: [OE. trowen, AS.treówan to trust, believe, fr. treów trust, treówe true, faithful. See True.]

Defn: To believe; to trust; to think or suppose. [Archaic] So that ye trow in Christ, and you baptize. Chaucer. A better priest, I trow, there nowhere none is. Chaucer. It never yet was worn, I trow. Tennyson.

Note: I trow, or trow alone, was formerly sometimes added to questions to express contemptuous or indignant surprise. What tempest, I trow, threw this whale . . . ashore Shak. What is the matter, trow Shak.

TROWEL Trow"el, n. Etym: [OE. truel, OF. truele, F. truelle, LL. truella, L. trulla, dim. of trua a ladle; probably akin to Gr. quirl a stirrer, MHG. twirel, OHG. dwiril, Icel. þvara, AS. þwiril. Cf. Twirl.]

1. A mason's tool, used in spreading and dressing mortar, and breaking bricks to shape them.

2. A gardener's tool, somewhat like a scoop, used in taking up plants, stirring the earth, etc.

3. (Founding)

Defn: A tool used for smoothing a mold. Trowel bayonet. See Spade bayonet, under Spade. -- Fish trowel. See Fish slice, under Fish.

TROWELED Trow"eled.

Defn: Formed with a trowel; smoothed with a trowel; as, troweled stucco, that is, stucco laid on and ready for the reception of paint. [Written also trowelled.]

TROWELFUL Trow"el*ful, n.; pl. Trowelfuls (.

Defn: As much as a trowel will hold; enough to fill a trowel.

TROWL Trowl, n.

Defn: See Troll.

TROWSED Trowsed, a.

Defn: Wearing trousers. [Obs.]

TROWSERS Trow"sers, n. pl.

Defn: Same as Trousers.

TROY Troy, n.

Defn: Troy weight. Troy weight, the weight which gold and silver, jewels, and the like, are weighed. It was so named from Troyes, in France, where it was first adopted in Europe. The troy ounce is supposed to have been brought from Cairo during the crusades. In this weight the pound is divided into 12 ounces, the ounce into 20 pennyweights, and the pennyweight into 24 grains; hence, the troy ounce contains 480 grains, and the troy pound contains 5760 grains. The avoirdupois pound contains 7000 troy grains; so that 175 pounds troy equal 144 pounds avoirdupois, or 1 pound troy = 0.82286 of a pound avoirdupois, and 1 ounce troy = 1apothecaries' weight, used in weighing medicines, etc. In the standard weights of the United States, the troy ounce is divided decimally down to the

TROYOUNCE Troy"ounce, n.

Defn: See Troy ounce, under Troy weight, above, and under Ounce.

TRUAGE Tru"age, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. truage a tax. See True.]

1. A pledge of truth or peace made on payment of a tax. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.

2. A tax or impost; tribute. [Obs.] R. of Gloucester.

TRUANCY Tru"an*cy, n.

Defn: The act of playing truant, or the state of being truant; as, addicted to truancy.

TRUAND Tru"and (, n. & a.

Defn: See Truant. [Obs.]

TRUANT Tru"ant, n. Etym: [F. truand, OF. truant, a vagrant, beggar; of Celtic origin; cf. W. tru, truan, wretched, miserable, truan a wretch, Ir. trogha miserable, Gael. truaghan a poor, distressed, or wretched creature, truagh wretched.]

Defn: One who stays away from business or any duty; especially, one who stays out of school without leave; an idler; a loiterer; a shirk. Dryden. I have a truant been to chivalry. Shak. To play truant, to stray away; to loiter; especially, to stay out of school without leave. Sir T. Browne

TRUANT Tru"ant, a.

Defn: Wandering from business or duty; loitering; idle, and shirking duty; as, a truant boy. While truant Jove, in infant pride, Played barefoot on Olympus' side. Trumbull.

TRUANT Tru"ant, v. i. Etym: [Cf. F. truander.]

Defn: To idle away time; to loiter, or wander; to play the truant. Shak. By this means they lost their time and truanted on the fundamental grounds of saving knowledge. Lowell.

TRUANT Tru"ant, v. t.

Defn: To idle away; to waste. [R.] I dare not be the author Of truanting the time. Ford.

TRUANTLY Tru"ant*ly, adv.

Defn: Like a truant; in idleness.

TRUANTSHIP Tru"ant*ship, n.

Defn: The conduct of a truant; neglect of employment; idleness; truancy. Ascham.

TRUB Trub, n. Etym: [Cf. Truffle.]

Defn: A truffle. [Obs.]

TRUBTALL Trub"tall`, n. Etym: [Prov. E. trub slut; cf. Sw. trubbig stumpy.]

Defn: A short, squat woman. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

TRUBU Tru*bu", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An East India herring (Clupea toli) which is extensively caught for the sake of its roe and for its flesh.

TRUCE Truce, n. Etym: [OE. trewes, triwes, treowes, pl. of trewe a truce, properly, pledge of fidelity, truth, AS. treów fidelity, faith, troth. See True.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: A suspension of arms by agreement of the commanders of opposing forces; a temporary cessation of hostilities, for negotiation or other purpose; an armistice.

2. Hence, intermission of action, pain, or contest; temporary cessation; short quiet. Where he may likeliest find Truce to his restless thoughts. Milton. Flag of truce (Mil.), a white flag carried or exhibited by one of the hostile parties, during the flying of which hostilities are suspended. -- Truce of God, a suspension of arms promulgated by the church, which occasionally took place in the Middle Ages, putting a stop to private hostilities at or within certain periods.

TRUCEBREAKER Truce"break`er, n.

Defn: One who violates a truce, covenant, or engagement.

TRUCELESS Truce"less, a.

Defn: Without a truce; unforbearing. Two minds in one, and each a truceless guest. H. Brooke.

TRUCHMAN Truch"man, n. Etym: [Cf. F. trucheman. See Dragoman.]

Defn: An interpreter. See Dragoman. [Obs.] And after, by the tongue, Her truchman, she reports the mind's each throw. B. Jonson.

TRUCIDATION Tru`ci*da"tion, n. Etym: [L.trucidatio, fr. trucidare to slaughter.]

Defn: The act of killing. [Obs.]

TRUCK Truck, n. Etym: [L. trochus an iron hoop, Gr. Trochee, and cf. Truckle, v. i.]

1. A small wheel, as of a vehicle; specifically (Ord.), a small strong wheel, as of wood or iron, for a gun carriage.

2. A low, wheeled vehicle or barrow for carrying goods, stone, and other heavy articles. Goods were conveyed about the town almost exclusively in trucks drawn by dogs. Macaulay.

3. (Railroad Mach.)

Defn: A swiveling carriage, consisting of a frame with one or more pairs of wheels and the necessary boxes, springs, etc., to carry and guide one end of a locomotive or a car; -- sometimes called bogie in England. Trucks usually have four or six wheels.

4. (Naut.) (a) A small wooden cap at the summit of a flagstaff or a masthead, having holes in it for reeving halyards through. (b) A small piece of wood, usually cylindrical or disk-shaped, used for various purposes.

5. A freight car. [Eng.]

6. A frame on low wheels or rollers; -- used for various purposes, as for a movable support for heavy bodies.

TRUCK Truck, v. t.

Defn: To transport on a truck or trucks.

TRUCK Truck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trucked; p. pr. & vb. n. trucking.] Etym: [OE. trukken,F. troquer; akin to Sp. & Pg. trocar; of uncertain origin.]

Defn: To exchange; to give in exchange; to barter; as, to truck knives for gold dust. We will begin by supposing the international trade to be in form, what it always is in reality, an actual trucking of one commodity against another. J. S. Mill.

TRUCK Truck, v. i.

Defn: To exchange commodities; to barter; to trade; to deal. A master of a ship, who deceived them under color of trucking with them. Palfrey. Despotism itself is obliged to truck and huckster. Burke. To truck and higgle for a private good. Emerson.

TRUCK Truck, n. Etym: [Cf. F. troc.]

1. Exchange of commodities; barter. Hakluyt.

2. Commodities appropriate for barter, or for small trade; small commodities; esp., in the United States, garden vegetables raised for the market. [Colloq.]

3. The practice of paying wages in goods instead of money; -- called also truck system. Garden truck, vegetables raised for market. [Colloq.] [U. S.] -- Truck farming, raising vegetables for market: market gardening. [Colloq. U. S.]

TRUCKAGE Truck"age, n.

Defn: The practice of bartering goods; exchange; barter; truck. The truckage of perishing coin. Milton.

TRUCKAGE Truck"age, n.

Defn: Money paid for the conveyance of goods on a truck; freight.

TRUCKER Truck"er, n.

Defn: One who trucks; a trafficker. No man having ever yet driven a saving bargain with this great trucker for souls. South.

TRUCKING Truck"ing, n.

Defn: The business of conveying goods on trucks.

TRUCKLE Truc"kle, n. Etym: [Dim. of truck a wheel; or from the kindred L. trochlea a block, sheaf containing one or more pulleys. See Truck a wheel.]

Defn: A small wheel or caster. Hudibras.

TRUCKLE Truc"kle, v. i. Etym: [From truckle in truckle-bed, in allusion to the fact that the truckle-bed on which the pupil slept was rolled under the large bed of the master.]

Defn: To yield or bend obsequiously to the will of another; to submit; to creep. "Small, trucking states." Burke. Religion itself is forced to truckle to worldly poliey. Norris.

TRUCKLE Truc"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Truckled; p. pr. & vb. n. Truckling.]

Defn: To roll or move upon truckles, or casters; to trundle.

TRUCKLE-BED Truc"kle-bed`, n.

Defn: A low bed on wheels, that may be pushed under another bed; a trundle-bed. "His standing bed and truckle-bed." Shak.

TRUCKLER Truc"kler, n.

Defn: One who truckles, or yields servilely to the will of another.

TRUCKMAN Truck"man, n.; pl. Truckmen.

1. Etym: [From Truck barter.]

Defn: One who does business in the way of barter or exchange.

2. Etym: [From Truck a carriage.]

Defn: One who drives a truck, or whose business is the conveyance of goods on trucks.

TRUCULENCE; TRUCULENCY Tru"cu*lence, Tru"cu*len*cy, n. Etym: [L.truculentia.]

Defn: The quality or state of being truculent; savageness of manners; ferociousness.

TRUCULENT Tru"cu*lent, a. Etym: [L.truculentus, fr. trux, gen. trucis, wild, fierce: cf. F. truculent.]

1. Fierce; savage; ferocious; barbarous; as, the truculent inhabitants of Scythia. Ray.

2. Cruel; destructive; ruthless. More or less truculent plagues. Harvey.

TRUCULENTLY Tru"cu*lent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a truculent manner.

TRUDGE Trudge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trudged; p. pr. & vb. n. Trudging.] Etym: [Perhaps of Scand. origin, and originally meaning, to walk on snowshoes; cf. dial. Sw. truga, trudja, a snowshoe, Norw. truga, Icel. þruga.]

Defn: To walk or march with labor; to jog along; to move wearily. And trudged to Rome upon my naked feet. Dryden.

TRUDGEMAN Trudge"man, n.

Defn: A truchman. [Obs.]

TRUDGEN STROKE Trudg"en stroke. (Swimming)

Defn: A racing stroke in which a double over-arm motion is used; -- so called from its use by an amateur named Trudgen, but often erroneously written trudgeon.

TRUE True, a. [Compar. Truer; superl. Truest.] Etym: [OE. trewe, AS. treówe faithful, true, from treów fidelity, faith, troth; akin to OFries. triuwe, adj., treuwa, n., OS. triuwi, adj., trewa, n., D.trouw, adj. & n., G. treu, adj., treue, n., OHG. gitriuwi, adj., triuwa, n., Icel. tryggr, adj., Dan. tro, adj. & n., Sw. trogen, adj., tro, n., Goth. triggws, adj., triggwa, n., trauan to trust, OPruss druwis faith. Cf. Trow, Trust, Truth.]

1. Conformable to fact; in accordance with the actual state of things; correct; not false, erroneous, inaccurate, or the like; as, a true relation or narration; a true history; a declaration is true when it states the facts.

2. Right to precision; conformable to a rule or pattern; exact; accurate; as, a true copy; a true likeness of the original. Making his eye, foot, and hand keep true time. Sir W. Scott.

3. Steady in adhering to friends, to promises, to a prince, or the like; unwavering; faithful; loyal; not false, fickle, or perfidious; as, a true friend; a wife true to her husband; an officer true to his charge. Thy so true, So faithful, love unequaled. Milton. Dare to be true: nothing can need a lie. Herbert.

4. Actual; not counterfeit, adulterated, or pretended; genuine; pure; real; as, true balsam; true love of country; a true Christian. The true light which lighteth every man that cometh into the world. John i. 9. True ease in writing comes from art, not chance. Pope.

Note: True is sometimes used elliptically for It is true. Out of true, varying from correct mechanical form, alignment, adjustment, etc.; -- said of a wall that is not perpendicular, of a wheel whose circumference is not in the same plane, and the like. [Colloq.] -- A true bill (Law), a bill of indictment which is returned by the grand jury so indorsed, signifying that the charges to be true. -- True time. See under Time.

TRUE True, adv.

Defn: In accordance with truth; truly. Shak.

TRUE-BLUE True"-blue`, a.

Defn: Of inflexible honesty and fidelity; -- a term derived from the true, or Coventry, blue, formerly celebrated for its unchanging color. See True blue, under Blue.

TRUE-BLUE True"-blue`, n.

Defn: A person of inflexible integrity or fidelity.

TRUE-BORN True"-born`, a.

Defn: Of genuine birth; having a right by birth to any title; as, a true-born Englishman.

TRUE-BRED True"-bred`, a.

1. Of a genuine or right breed; as, a true-bred beast. Shak.

2. Being of real breeding or education; as, a true-bred gentleman.

TRUE-HEARTED True"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Of a faithful heart; honest; sincere; not faithless or deceitful; as, a truhearted friend. -- True"-heart`ed*ness, n.

TRUELOVE True"love`, n.

1. One really beloved.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant. See Paris.

3. An unexplained word occurring in Chaucer, meaning, perhaps, an aromatic sweetmeat for sweetening the breath. T. R. Lounsbury. Under his tongue a truelove he bore. Chaucer. Truelove knot, a complicated, involved knot that does not readily untie; the emblem of interwoven affection or engagement; -- called also true-lover's knot.

TRUENESS True"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being true; reality; genuineness; faithfulness; sincerity; exactness; truth.

TRUE-PENNY True"-pen`ny, n.

Defn: An honest fellow. Shak. Bacon.

TRUFFLE Truf"fle, n. Etym: [OF. trufle, F. truffe; akin to Sp. trufa, tartufo; of uncertain origin; perhaps from L. tuber a tumor, knob, truffle. Cf. Tuber, Trifle.]

Defn: Any one of several kinds of roundish, subterranean fungi, usually of a blackish color. The French truffle (Tuber melanosporum) and the English truffle (T. æstivum) are much esteemed as articles of food. Truffle worm (Zoöl.), the larva of a fly of the genus Leiodes, injurious to truffles. Truffle pig, a pig used for finding truffles.

Note: When trained, certain pigs have a peculiar ability to smell truffles which lie underground, making them useful for searching out hidden truffles.

TRUFFLED Truf"fled, a.

Defn: Provided or cooked with truffles; stuffed with truffles; as, a truffled turkey.

TRUG Trug, n. Etym: [Cf. Trough.]

1. A trough, or tray. Specifically: (a) A hod for mortar. (b) An old measure of wheat equal to two thirds of a bushel. Bailey.

2. A concubine; a harlot. [Obs.] Taylor (1630).

TRUGGING-HOUSE Trug"ging-house`, n. Etym: [See Trug, n., 2.]

Defn: A brothel. [Obs.] Robert Greene.

TRUISM Tru"ism, n. Etym: [From True.]

Defn: An undoubted or self-evident truth; a statement which is pliantly true; a proposition needing no proof or argument; -- opposed to falsism. Trifling truisms clothed in great, swelling words. J. P. Smith.

TRUISMATIC Tru`is*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to truisms; consisting of truisms. [R.]

TRUITE Trui`té", a. [F., fr. truite trout.]

Defn: Having a delicately crackled surface; --applied to porcelian, etc.

TRULL Trull, n. Etym: [G. trolle, trulle; cf. OD. drol a jester, Dan. trold an elf, imp, Sw. troll a goblin, Icel. troll, tröll, a giant, fiend, demon. Cf. Droll, Troll.]

1. A drab; a strumpet; a harlot; a trollop. Shak.

2. A girl; a wench; a lass. [Obs.]

TRULLIZATION Trul`li*za"tion, n. Etym: [L. trullissatio, from trullissare to trowel, to plaster, fr. trulla a trowel.]

Defn: The act of laying on coats of plaster with a trowel.

TRULY Tru"ly, adv. Etym: [From True.]

1. In a true manner; according to truth; in agreement with fact; as, to state things truly; the facts are truly represented. I can not truly say how I came here. Shak.

2. Exactly; justly; precisely; accurately; as, to estimate truly the weight of evidence.

3. Sincerely; honestly; really; faithfully; as, to be truly attached to a lover; the citizens are truly loyal to their prince or their country. Burke.

4. Conformably to law; legally; legitimately. His innocent babe [is] truly begotten. Shak.

5. In fact; in deed; in reality; in truth. Beauty is excelled by manly grace And wisdom, which alone is truly fair. Milton.

TRUMP Trump, n. Etym: [OE. trumpe, trompe, F. trompe; probably fr. L. triumphare to triumph, to exult, hence, probably, to make a joyous sound or noise. See Triumph, v. i. & n., and cf. Trombone, Tromp, Trump at cards, Trumpery, Trumpet, Trunk a proboscis.]

Defn: A wind instrument of music; a trumpet, or sound of a trumpet; - - used chiefly in Scripture and poetry. We shall all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump. 1 Cor. xv. 51, 52. The wakeful trump of doom. Milton.

TRUMP Trump, v. i. Etym: [Cf. OF. tromper. See Trump a trumpet.]

Defn: To blow a trumpet. [Obs.] Wyclif (Matt. vi. 2).

TRUMP Trump, n. Etym: [A corruption of triumph, F. triomphe. See Triumph, and cf. Trump a trumpet.]

1. A winning card; one of a particular suit (usually determined by chance for each deal) any card of which takes any card of the other suits.

2. An old game with cards, nearly the same as whist; -- called also ruff. Decker.

3. A good fellow; an excellent person. [Slang] Alfred is a trump, I think you say. Thackeray. To put to one's trumps, or To put on one's trumps, to force to the last expedient, or to the utmost exertion. But when kings come so low as to fawn upon philosophy, which before they neither valued nor understood, it is a sign that fails not, they are then put to their last trump. Milton. Put the housekeeper to her trumps to accommodate them. W. Irving.

TRUMP Trump, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trumped; p. pr. & vb. n. Trumping.]

Defn: To play a trump card when one of another suit has been led.

TRUMP Trump, v. t.

Defn: To play a trump card upon; to take with a trump card; as, she trumped the first trick.

TRUMP Trump, v. t. Etym: [F. tromper to deceive, in OF., to blow a trumpet, se tromper de to mock. See Trump a trumpet.]

1. To trick, or impose on; to deceive. [Obs.] "To trick or trump mankind." B. Jonson.

2. To impose unfairly; to palm off. Authors have been trumped upon us. C. Leslie. To trump up, to devise; to collect with unfairness; to fabricate; as, to trump up a charge.

TRUMPERY Trump"er*y, n. Etym: [F. tromperie deceit, fr. tromper to deceive. See Trump to trick.]

1. Deceit; fraud. [Obs.] Grenewey.

2. Something serving to deceive by false show or pretense; falsehood; deceit; worthless but showy matter; hence, things worn out and of no value; rubbish. The trumpery in my house, go bring it hither, for state to catch these thieves. Shak. Upon the coming of Christ, very much, though not all, of this idolatrous trumpery and superstition was driven out of the world. South.

TRUMPERY Trump"er*y, a.

Defn: Worthless or deceptive in character. "A trumpery little ring." Thackeray.

TRUMPET Trump"et, n. Etym: [F. trompette, dim. of trompe. See Trump a trumpet.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A wind instrument of great antiquity, much used in war and military exercises, and of great value in the orchestra. In consists of a long metallic tube, curved (once or twice) into a convenient shape, and ending in a bell. Its scale in the lower octaves is limited to the first natural harmonics; but there are modern trumpets capable, by means of valves or pistons, of producing every tone within their compass, although at the expense of the true ringing quality of tone. The trumpet's loud clangor Excites us to arms. Dryden.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A trumpeter. Clarendon.

3. One who praises, or propagates praise, or is the instrument of propagating it. Shak. That great politician was pleased to have the greatest wit of those times . . . to be the trumpet of his praises. Dryden.

4. (Mach)

Defn: A funnel, or short, fiaring pipe, used as a guide or conductor, as for yarn in a knitting machine. Ear trumpet. See under Ear. -- Sea trumpet (Bot.), a great seaweed (Ecklonia buccinalis) of the Southern Ocean. It has a long, hollow stem, enlarging upwards, which may be made into a kind of trumpet, and is used for many purposes. -- Speaking trumpet, an instrument for conveying articulate sounds with increased force. -- Trumpet animalcule (Zoöl.), any infusorian belonging to Stentor and allied genera, in which the body is trumpet-shaped. See Stentor. -- Trumpet ash (Bot.), the trumpet creeper. [Eng.] -- Trumpet conch (Zoöl.), a trumpet shell, or triton. -- Trumpet creeper (Bot.), an American climbing plant (Tecoma radicans) bearing clusters of large red trumpet-shaped flowers; -- called also trumpet flower, and in England trumpet ash. -- Trumpet fish. (Zoöl.) (a) The bellows fish. (b) The fistularia. -- Trumpet flower. (Bot.) (a) The trumpet creeper; also, its blossom. (b) The trumpet honeysuckle. (c) A West Indian name for several plants with trumpet-shaped flowers. -- Trumpet fly (Zoöl.), a botfly. -- Trumpet honeysuckle (Bot.), a twining plant (Lonicera sempervirens) with red and yellow trumpet-shaped flowers; -- called also trumpet flower. -- Trumpet leaf (Bot.), a name of several plants of the genus Sarracenia. -- Trumpet major (Mil.), the chief trumpeter of a band or regiment. -- Trumpet marine (Mus.), a monochord, having a thick string, sounded with a bow, and stopped with the thumb so as to produce the harmonic tones; -- said to be the oldest bowed instrument known, and in form the archetype of all others. It probably owes its name to "its external resemblance to the large speaking trumpet used on board Italian vessels, which is of the same length and tapering shape." Grove. -- Trumpet shell (Zoöl.), any species of large marine univalve shells belonging to Triton and allied genera. See Triton, 2. -- Trumpet tree. (Bot.) See Trumpetwood.

TRUMPET Trump"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trumpeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Trumpeting.] Etym: [Cf. F. trompeter.]

Defn: To publish by, or as by, sound of trumpet; to noise abroad; to proclaim; as, to trumpet good tidings. They did nothing but publish and trumpet all the reproaches they could devise against the Irish. Bacon.

TRUMPET Trump"et, v. i.

Defn: To sound loudly, or with a tone like a trumpet; to utter a trumplike cry.

TRUMPETER Trump"et*er, n.

1. One who sounds a trumpet.

2. One who proclaims, publishes, or denounces. These men are good trumpeters. Bacon.

3. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of long-legged South American birds of the genus Psophia, especially P. crepitans, which is abundant, and often domesticated and kept with other poultry by the natives. They are allied to the cranes. So called from their loud cry. Called also agami, and yakamik. (b) A variety of the domestic pigeon. (c) An American swan (Olor buccinator) which has a very loud note.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large edible fish (Latris hecateia) of the family Cirrhitidæ, native of Tasmania and New Zealand. It sometimes weighs as much as fifty or sixty pounds, and is highly esteemed as a food fish.

TRUMPETING Trump"et*ing, n. (Mining)

Defn: A channel cut behind the brick lining of a shaft. Raymond.

TRUMPETS Trump"ets, n. pl. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Sarracenia flava) with long, hollow leaves.

TRUMPET-SHAPED Trump"et-shaped`, a.

Defn: Tubular with one end dilated, as the flower of the trumpet creeper.

TRUMPET-TONGUED Trump"et-tongued`, a.

Defn: Having a powerful, far-reaching voice or speech.

TRUMPETWEED Trump"et*weed`, n. (Bot.) (a) An herbaceous composite plant (Eupatorium purpureum), often having hollow stems, and bearing purplish flowers in small corymbed heads. (b) The sea trumpet.

TRUMPETWOOD Trump"et*wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A tropical American tree (Cecropia peltata) of the Breadfruit family, having hollow stems, which are used for wind instruments; -- called also snakewood, and trumpet tree.

TRUMPIE Trum"pie, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Richardson's skua (Stercorarius parasiticus).

TRUMPLIKE Trump"like`, a.

Defn: Resembling a trumpet, esp. in sound; as, a trumplike voice. Chapman.

TRUNCAL Trun"cal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the trunk, or body.

TRUNCATE Trun"cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Truncated; p. pr. & vb. n. Truncating.] Etym: [L. truncatus, p. p. of truncare to cut off, mutilate, fr. truncus maimed, mutilated, cut short. See Trunk.]

Defn: To cut off; to lop; to maim.

TRUNCATE Trun"cate, a. Etym: [L. truncatus, p. p. ]

Defn: Appearing as if cut off at the tip; as, a truncate leaf or feather.

TRUNCATED Trun"ca*ted, a.

1. Cut off; cut short; maimed.

2. (Min.)

Defn: Replaced, or cut off, by a plane, especially when equally inclined to the adjoining faces; as, a truncated edge.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Lacking the apex; -- said of certain spiral shells in which the apex naturally drops off. Truncated cone or pyramid (Geom.), a cone or pyramid whose vertex is cut off by a plane, the plane being usually parallel to the base.

TRUNCATION Trun*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. truncatio.]

1. The act of truncating, lopping, or cutting off.

2. The state of being truncated.

3. (Min.)

Defn: The replacement of an edge or solid angle by a plane, especially when the plane is equally inclined to the adjoining faces.

TRUNCH Trunch, n. Etym: [See Truncheon.]

Defn: A stake; a small post. [Obs.]

TRUNCHEON Trun"cheon, n. Etym: [OE. tronchoun the shaft of a broken spear, broken piece, OF.tronchon, tron, F. tron, fr. OF. & F. tronce, tronche, a piece of wood; cf. OF. trons, tros, trois; all perhaps from L. thyrsus a stalk, stem, staff. See Thyrsus, and cf. Trounce.]

1. A short staff, a club; a cudgel; a shaft of a spear. With his truncheon he so rudely struck. Spenser.

2. A baton, or military staff of command. The marshal's truncheon nor the judges robe. Shak.

3. A stout stem, as of a tree, with the branches lopped off, to produce rapid growth. Gardner.

TRUNCHEON Trun"cheon, v. t.

Defn: To beat with a truncheon. Shak.

TRUNCHEONED Trun"cheoned, a.

Defn: Having a truncheon.

TRUNCHEONEER Trun`cheon*eer", n.

Defn: A person armed with a truncheon. [Written also truncheoner.]

TRUNCUS Trun"cus, n. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The thorax of an insect. See Trunk, n., 5.

TRUNDLE Trun"dle, n. Etym: [AS. tryndel a little shield. See Trend, v. i.]

1. A round body; a little wheel.

2. A lind of low-wheeled cart; a truck.

3. A motion as of something moving upon little wheels or rollers; a rolling motion.

4. (Mach.) (a) A lantern wheel. See under Lantern. (b) One of the bars of a lantern wheel.

TRUNDLE Trun"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trundled; p. pr. & vb. n. Trundling.]

1. To roll (a thing) on little wheels; as, to trundle a bed or a gun carriage.

2. To cause to roll or revolve; to roll along; as, to trundle a hoop or a ball. R. A. Proctor.

TRUNDLE Trun"dle, v. i.

1. To go or move on small wheels; as, a bed trundles under another.

2. To roll, or go by revolving, as a hoop.

TRUNDLE-BED Trun"dle-bed`, n.

Defn: A low bed that is moved on trundles, or little wheels, so that it can be pushed under a higher bed; a truckle-bed; also, sometimes, a simiral bed without wheels. Chapman.

TRUNDLEHEAD Trun"dle*head`, n.

1. (Gearing)

Defn: One of the disks forming the ends of a lantern wheel or pinion.

2. The drumhead of a capstan; especially, the drumhead of the lower of two capstans on the sane axis.

TRUNDLETAIL Trun"dle*tail`, n.

Defn: A round or curled-up tail; also, a dog with such a tail. Shak.

TRUNK Trunk, n. Etym: [F. tronc, L. truncus, fr. truncus maimed, mutilated; perhaps akin to torquere to twist wrench, and E. torture. Trunk in the sense of proboscis is fr. F. trompe (the same word as trompe a trumpet), but has been confused in English with trunk the stem of a tree (see Trump a trumpet). Cf. Truncate.]

1. The stem, or body, of a tree, apart from its limbs and roots; the main stem, without the branches; stock; stalk. About the mossy trunk I wound me soon, For, high from ground, the branches would require Thy utmost reach. Milton.

2. The body of an animal, apart from the head and limbs.

3. The main body of anything; as, the trunk of a vein or of an artery, as distinct from the branches.

4. (Arch)

Defn: That part of a pilaster which is between the base and the capital, corresponding to the shaft of a column.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: That segment of the body of an insect which is between the head and abdomen, and bears the wings and legs; the thorax; the truncus.

6. (Zoöl.) (a) The proboscis of an elephant. (b) The proboscis of an insect.

7. A long tube through which pellets of clay, p He shot sugarplums them out of a trunk. Howell.

8. A box or chest usually covered with leather, metal, or cloth, or sometimes made of leather, hide, or metal, for containing clothes or other goods; especially, one used to convey the effects of a traveler. Locked up in chests and trunks. Shak.

9. (Mining)

Defn: A flume or sluice in which ores are separated from the slimes in which they are contained.

10. (Steam Engine)

Defn: A large pipe forming the piston rod of a steam engine, of sufficient diameter to allow one end of the connecting rod to be attached to the crank, and the other end to pass within the pipe directly to the piston, thus making the engine more compact.

11. A long, large box, pipe, or conductor, made of plank or metal plates, for various uses, as for conveying air to a mine or to a furnace, water to a mill, grain to an elevator, etc. Trunk engine, a marine engine, the piston rod of which is a trunk. See Trunk, 10. -- Trunk hose, large breeches formerly worn, reaching to the knees. -- Trunk line, the main line of a railway, canal, or route of conveyance. -- Trunk turtle (Zoöl.), the leatherback.

TRUNK Trunk, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. tronquer. See Truncate.]

1. To lop off; to curtail; to truncate; to maim. [Obs.] "Out of the trunked stock." Spenser.

2. (Mining)

Defn: To extract (ores) from the slimes in which they are contained, by means of a trunk. See Trunk, n., 9. Weale.

TRUNKBACK Trunk"back`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The leatherback.

TRUNKED Trunked, a.

Defn: Having (such) a trunk. Thickset with strong and well-trunked trees. Howell.

TRUNK ENGINE Trunk engine.

Defn: An engine having a trunk piston, as most internal combustion engines.

TRUNKFISH Trunk"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of plectognath fishes, belonging to the genus Ostracion, or the family Ostraciontidæ, having an angular body covered with a rigid integument consisting of bony scales. Some of the species are called also coffer fish, and boxfish.

TRUNKFUL Trunk"ful, n.; pl. Trunkfuls (.

Defn: As much as a trunk will hold; enough to fill a trunk.

TRUNK PISTON Trunk piston.

Defn: In a single-acting engine, an elongated hollow piston, open at the end, in which the end of the connecting rod is pivoted. The piston rod, crosshead and stuffing box are thus dispensed with.

TRUNK STEAMER Trunk steamer.

Defn: A freight steamer having a high hatch coaming extending almost continuously fore and aft, but not of whaleback form at the sides.

TRUNKWORK Trunk"work`, n.

Defn: Work or devices suitable to be concealed; a secret stratagem. [Obs.]

TRUNNEL Trun"nel, n.

Defn: A trundle. [R.]

TRUNNEL Trun"nel, n. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: See Treenail.

TRUNNION Trun"nion, n. Etym: [OF. trognon the stock, stump, or truck of a tree, F. trognon a core, stalk, fr.tron a trunk, stem. Cf. Trunk.]

1. (Gun.)

Defn: A cylindrical projection on each side of a piece, whether gun, mortar, or howitzer, serving to support it on the cheeks of the carriage. See Illust. of Cannon.

2. (Steam Engine)

Defn: A gudgeon on each side of an oscillating steam cylinder, to support it. It is usually tubular, to convey steam. Trunnion plate (Gun.), a plate in the carriage of a gun, mortar, or howitzer, which covers the upper part of the cheek, and forms a bearing under the trunnion. -- Trunnion ring (Gun.), a ring on a cannon next before the trunnions. [R.]

TRUNNIONED Trun"nioned, a.

Defn: Provided with trunnions; as, the trunnioned cylinder of an oscillating steam engine.

TRUSION Tru"sion, n. Etym: [L.trudere, trusum, to thrust, shove: cf. F. trusion.]

Defn: The act of pushing or thrusting. [R.] Bentley.

TRUSS Truss, n. Etym: [OE. trusse, F. trousse, OF. also tourse; perhaps fr. L. tryrsus stalk, stem. Cf. Thyrsus, Torso, Trousers, Trousseau.]

1. A bundle; a package; as, a truss of grass. Fabyan. Bearing a truss of trifles at his back. Spenser.

Note: A truss of hay in England is 56 lbs. of old and 60 lbs. of new hay; a truss of straw is 36 lbs.

2. A padded jacket or dress worn under armor, to protect the body from the effects of friction; also, a part of a woman's dress; a stomacher. [Obs.] Nares. Puts off his palmer's weed unto his truss, which bore The stains of ancient arms. Drayton.

3. (Surg.)

Defn: A bandage or apparatus used in cases of hernia, to keep up the reduced parts and hinder further protrusion, and for other purposes.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: A tuft of flowers formed at the top of the main stalk, or stem, of certain plants.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: The rope or iron used to keep the center of a yard to the mast.

6. (Arch. & Engin.)

Defn: An assemblage of members of wood or metal, supported at two points, and arranged to transmit pressure vertically to those points, with the least possible strain across the length of any member. Architectural trusses when left visible, as in open timber roofs, often contain members not needed for construction, or are built with greater massiveness than is requisite, or are composed in unscientific ways in accordance with the exigencies of style. Truss rod, a rod which forms the tension member of a trussed beam, or a tie rod in a truss.

TRUSS Truss, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trussed; p. pr. & vb. n. Trussing.] Etym: [F. trousser. See Truss, n.]

1. To bind or pack close; to make into a truss. Shak. It [his hood] was trussed up in his wallet. Chaucer.

2. To take fast hold of; to seize and hold firmly; to pounce upon. [Obs.] Who trussing me as eagle doth his prey. Spenser.

3. To strengthen or stiffen, as a beam or girder, by means of a brace or braces.

4. To skewer; to make fast, as the wings of a fowl to the body in cooking it.

5. To execute by hanging; to hang; -- usually with up. [Slang.] Sir W. Scott. To truss a person or one's self, to adjust and fasten the clothing of; especially, to draw tight and tie the laces of garments. [Obs.] "Enter Honeysuckle, in his nightcap, trussing himself." J. Webster (1607). -- To truss up, to strain; to make close or tight. -- Trussed beam, a beam which is stiffened by a system of braces constituting a truss of which the beam is a chord.

TRUSSING Truss"ing, n.

1. (Arch. & Engin.)

Defn: The timbers, etc., which form a truss, taken collectively. Weale.

2. (Arch. & Engin.)

Defn: The art of stiffening or bracing a set of timbers, or the like, by putting in struts, ties, etc., till it has something of the character of a truss.

3. The act of a hawk, or other bird of prey, in seizing its quarry, and soaring with it into air. [Obs.]

TRUST Trust, n. Etym: [OE. trust, trost, Icel. traust confidence, security; akin to Dan. & Sw. tröst comfort, consolation, G. trost, Goth. trausti a convention, covenant, and E. true. See True, and cf. Tryst.]

1. Assured resting of the mind on the integrity, veracity, justice, friendship, or other sound principle, of another person; confidence; reliance; reliance. "O ever-failing trust in mortal strength!" Milton. Most take things upon trust. Locke.

2. Credit given; especially, delivery of property or merchandise in reliance upon future payment; exchange without immediate receipt of an equivalent; as, to sell or buy goods on trust.

3. Assured anticipation; dependence upon something future or contingent, as if present or actual; hope; belief. "Such trust have we through Christ." 2 Cor. iii. 4. His trust was with the Eternal to be deemed Equal in strength. Milton.

4. That which is committed or intrusted to one; something received in confidence; charge; deposit.

5. The condition or obligation of one to whom anything is confided; responsible charge or office. [I] serve him truly that will put me in trust. Shak. Reward them well, if they observe their trust. Denham.

6. That upon which confidence is reposed; ground of reliance; hope. O Lord God, thou art my trust from my youth. Ps. lxxi. 5.

7. (Law)

Defn: An estate devised or granted in confidence that the devisee or grantee shall convey it, or dispose of the profits, at the will, or for the benefit, of another; an estate held for the use of another; a confidence respecting property reposed in one person, who is termed the trustee, for the benefit of another, who is called the cestui que trust.

8. An organization formed mainly for the purpose of regulating the supply and price of commodities, etc.; as, a sugar trust. [Cant]

Syn. -- Confidence; belief; faith; hope; expectation. Trust deed (Law), a deed conveying property to a trustee, for some specific use.

TRUST Trust, a.

Defn: Held in trust; as, trust property; trustmoney.

TRUST Trust, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trusted; p. pr. & vb. n. Trusting.] Etym: [OE. trusten, trosten. See Trust, n.]

1. To place confidence in; to rely on, to confide, or repose faith, in; as, we can not trust those who have deceived us. I will never trust his word after. Shak. He that trusts every one without reserve will at last be deceived. Johnson.

2. To give credence to; to believe; to credit. Trust me, you look well. Shak.

3. To hope confidently; to believe; -- usually with a phrase or infinitive clause as the object. I trust to come unto you, and speak face to face. 2 John 12. We trustwe have a good conscience. Heb. xiii. 18.

4. to show confidence in a person by intrusting (him) with something. Whom, with your power and fortune, sir, you trust, Now to suspect is vain. Dryden.

5. To commit, as to one's care; to intrust. Merchants were not willing to trust precious cargoes to any custody but that of a man-of-war. Macaulay.

6. To give credit to; to sell to upon credit, or in confidence of future payment; as, merchants and manufacturers trust their customers annually with goods.

7. To risk; to venture confidently. [Beguiled] by thee to trust thee from my side. Milton.

TRUST Trust, v. i.

1. To have trust; to be credulous; to be won to confidence; to confide. More to know could not be more to trust. Shak.

2. To be confident, as of something future; to hope. I will trust and not be afraid. Isa. xii. 2.

3. To sell or deliver anything in reliance upon a promise of payment; to give credit. It is happier sometimes to be cheated than not to trust. Johnson. To trust in, To trust on, to place confidence in,; to rely on; to depend. "Trust in the Lord, and do good." Ps. xxxvii. 3. "A priest . . . on whom we trust." Chaucer. Her widening streets on new foundations trust. Dryden. To trust to or unto, to depend on; to have confidence in; to rely on. They trusted unto the liers in wait. Judges xx. 36.

TRUST COMPANY Trust company.

Defn: Any corporation formed for the purpose of acting as trustee. Such companies usually do more or less of a banking business.

TRUSTEE Trus*tee", n. (Law)

Defn: A person to whom property is legally committed in trust, to be applied either for the benefit of specified individuals, or for public uses; one who is intrusted with property for the benefit of another; also, a person in whose hands the effects of another are attached in a trustee process. Trustee process (Law), a process by which a creditor may attach his debtor's goods, effects, and credits, in the hands of a third person; -- called, in some States, the process of foreign attachment, garnishment, or factorizing process. [U. S.]

TRUSTEE Trus*tee", v. t.

1. To commit (property) to the care of a trustee; as, to trustee an estate.

2. (Law)

Defn: To attach (a debtor's wages, credits, or property in the hands of a third person) in the interest of the creditor. [U.S.]

TRUSTEE PROCESS Trus*tee" proc"ess. (Law)

Defn: The process of attachment by garnishment. [U. S.]

TRUSTEESHIP Trus*tee"ship, n.

Defn: The office or duty of a trustee.

TRUSTEE STOCK Trustee stock. (Finance)

Defn: High-grade stock in which trust funds may be legally invested. [Colloq.]

TRUSTER Trust"er, n.

1. One who trusts, or credits.

2. (Scots Law)

Defn: One who makes a trust; -- the correlative of trustee.

TRUSTFUL Trust"ful, a.

1. Full of trust; trusting.

2. Worthy of trust; faithful; trusty; trustworthy. -- Trust"ful*ly,adv. -- Trust"ful*ness, n.

TRUSTILY Trust"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a trusty manner.

TRUSTINESS Trust"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being trusty.

TRUSTING Trust"ing, a.

Defn: Having or exercising trust; confiding; unsuspecting; trustful. -- Trust"ing*ly, adv.

TRUSTLESS Trust"less, a.

Defn: That may not be trusted; not worthy of trust; unfaithful. -- Trust"less*ness, n.

TRUSTWORTHY Trust"wor`thy, a.

Defn: Worthy of trust or confidence; trusty. -- Trust"wor`thi*ness, n.

TRUSTY Trust"y, a. [Compar. Trustier; superl. Trustiest.]

1. Admitting of being safely trusted; justly deserving confidence; fit to be confided in; trustworthy; reliable. Your trusty and most valiant servitor. Shak.

2. Hence, not liable to fail; strong; firm. His trusty sword he called to his aid. Spenser.

3. Involving trust; as, a trusty business. [R.] Shak.

TRUTH Truth, n.; pl. Truths. Etym: [OE. treuthe, trouthe, treowpe, AS. treów. See True; cf. Troth, Betroth.]

1. The quality or being true; as: -- (a) Conformity to fact or reality; exact accordance with that which is, or has been; or shall be. (b) Conformity to rule; exactness; close correspondence with an example, mood, object of imitation, or the like. Plows, to go true, depend much on the truth of the ironwork. Mortimer.

(c) Fidelity; constancy; steadfastness; faithfulness. Alas! they had been friends in youth, But whispering tongues can poison truth. Coleridge.

(d) The practice of speaking what is true; freedom from falsehood; veracity. If this will not suffice, it must appear That malice bears down truth. Shak.

2. That which is true or certain concerning any matter or subject, or generally on all subjects; real state of things; fact; verity; reality. Speak ye every man the truth to his neighbor. Zech. viii. 16. I long to know the truth here of at large. Shak. The truth depends on, or is only arrived at by, a legitimate deduction from all the facts which are truly material. Coleridge.

3. A true thing; a verified fact; a true statement or proposition; an established principle, fixed law, or the like; as, the great truths of morals. Even so our boasting . . . is found a truth. 2 Cor. vii. 14.

4. Righteousness; true religion. Grace and truth came by Jesus Christ. John i. 17. Sanctify them through thy truth; thy word is truth. John xvii. 17. In truth, in reality; in fact. -- Of a truth, in reality; certainly. -- To do truth, to practice what God commands. He that doeth truth cometh to the light. John iii. 21.

TRUTH Truth, v. t.

Defn: To assert as true; to declare. [R.] Had they [the ancients] dreamt this, they would have truthed it heaven. Ford.

TRUTHFUL Truth"ful, a.

Defn: Full of truth; veracious; reliable. -- Truth"ful*ly, adv. -- Truth"ful*ness, n.

TRUTHLESS Truth"less, a.

Defn: Devoid of truth; dishonest; dishonest; spurious; faithless. -- Truth"less*ness, n.

TRUTH-LOVER Truth"-lov`er, n.

Defn: One who loves the truth. Truth-lover was our English Duke. Tennyson.

TRUTHNESS Truth"ness, n.

Defn: Truth. [Obs. & R.] Marston.

TRUTH-TELLER Truth"-tell`er, n.

Defn: One who tells the truth. Truth-teller was our England's Alfred named. Tennyson.

TRUTHY Truth"y, a.

Defn: Truthful; likely; probable. [R.] "A more truthy import." W. G. Palgrave.

TRUTINATION Tru`ti*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. trutinari to weigh, from trutina a balance. See Trone a steelyard.]

Defn: The act of weighing. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

TRUTTACEOUS Trut*ta"ceous, a. Etym: [LL. trutta a trout, L. tructa. See Trout.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a trout; as, fish of the truttaceous kind.

TRY Try, v. t. [imp. & p. p. tried; p. pr. & vb. n. Trying.] Etym: [OE. trien to select, pick out, F. trier to cull, to out, LL. tritare to triturate (hence the sense of, to thresh, to separate the grain from the straw, to select), L. terere, tritum, to rub, bruise, grind, thresh. See Trite.]

1. To divide or separate, as one sort from another; to winnow; to sift; to pick out; -- frequently followed by out; as, to try out the wild corn from the good. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

2. To purify or refine, as metals; to melt out, and procure in a pure state, as oil, tallow, lard, etc. Shak. The words of the Lord are pure words: as silver tried in a furnace of earth, purified seven times. Ps. xii. 6. For thou, O God, hast proved us: thou hast tried us, as silver is tried. Ps. lxvi. 10.

3. To prove by experiment; to apply a test to, for the purpose of determining the quality; to examine; to prove; to test; as, to try weights or measures by a standard; to try a man's opinions. Let the end try the man. Shak.

4. To subject to severe trial; to put to the test; to cause suffering or trouble to. Thus far to try thee, Adam, I was pleased. Milton. Thomas Paine (1776)

5. To experiment with; to test by use; as, to try a remedy for disease; to try a horse. Come, try upon yourselves what you have seen me. Shak. To ease her cares the force of sleep she tries. Swift.

6. To strain; to subject to excessive tests; as, the light tries his eyes; repeated disappointments try one's patience.

7. (Law)

Defn: To examine or investigate judicially; to examine by witnesses or other judicial evidence and the principles of law; as, to try a cause, or a criminal.

8. To settle; to decide; to determine; specifically, to decide by an appeal to arms; as, to try rival claims by a duel; to try conclusions. Left I the court, to see this quarrel tried. Shak.

9. To experience; to have or gain knowledge of by experience. Milton. Or try the Libyan heat or Scythian cold. Dryden.

10. To essay; to attempt; to endeavor. Let us try . . . to found a path. Milton. To try on. (a) To put on, as a garment, to ascertain whether it fits the person. (b) To attempt; to undertake. [Slang] Dickens.

Syn. -- To attempt; endeavor; strive; aim; examine. -- Try, Attempt. To try is the generic, to attempt is the specific, term. When we try, we are usually uncertain as to success; when we attempt, we have always some definite object in view which we seek to accomplish. We may be indifferent as to the result of a trial, but we rarely attempt anything without a desire to succeed. He first deceased: she for a little tried To live without him; liked it not, and died. Sir H. Wotton. Alack, I am afraid they have a waked, And 't is not done. The attempt, and not the deed, Confounds us. Shak.

TRY Try, v. i.

1. To exert strength; to endeavor; to make an effort or an attempt; as, you must try hard if you wish to learn.

2. To do; to fare; as, how do you try! [Prov. Eng.]

TRY Try, n.

1. A screen, or sieve, for grain. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Holland.

2. Act of trying; attempt; experiment; trial. This breaking of his has been but a try for his friends. Shak. Try cock, a gauge cock. See under Gauge.

TRY Try, a. Etym: [Cf. Try, v. t.]

Defn: Refined; select; excellent; choice. [Obs.] "Sugar that is try." Chaucer.

TRY COCK Try cock.

Defn: A cock for withdrawing a small quantity of liquid, as for testing.

TRYGON Try"gon (tri"gôn) n. Etym: [L., a sting ray, from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of large sting rays belonging to Trygon and allied genera.

TRYING Try"ing, a.

Defn: Adapted to try, or put to severe trial; severe; afflictive; as, a trying occasion or position.

TRYOUT Try"out, n. (Sports)

Defn: A test by which the fitness of a player or contestant to remain in a certain class is determined.

TRYPSIN Tryp"sin, n. Etym: [Cr. (physiol.)

Defn: A proteolytic ferment, or enzyme, present in the pancreatic juice. Unlike the pepsin of the gastric juice, it acts in a neutral or alkaline fluid, and not only converts the albuminous matter of the food into soluble peptones, but also, in part, into leucin and tyrosin.

TRYPSINOGEN Tryp*sin"o*gen, n. Etym: [Trypsin + -gen.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The antecedent of trypsin, a substance which is contained in the cells of the pancreas and gives rise to the trypsin.

TRYPTIC Tryp"tic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Relating to trypsin or to its action; produced by trypsin; as, trypsin digestion.

TRYPTONE Tryp"tone, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The peptone formed by pancreatic digestion; -- so called because it is formed through the agency of the ferment trypsin.

TRYSAIL Try"sail, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A fore-and-aft sail, bent to a gaff, and hoisted on a lower mast or on a small mast, called the trysail mast, close abaft a lower mast; -- used chiefly as a storm sail. Called also spencer. Totten.

TRY-SQUARE Try"-square`, n.

Defn: An instrument used by carpenters, joiners, etc., for laying off right angles off right angles, and testing whether work is square.

TRYST Tryst, n. Etym: [OE. trist, tryst, a variant of trust; cf. Icel. treysta to make trusty, fr. traust confidence, security. See Trust, n.]

1. Trust. [Obs.]

2. An appointment to meet; also, an appointed place or time of meeting; as, to keep tryst; to break tryst. [Scot. or Poetic] To bide tryst, to wait, at the appointed time, for one with whom a tryst or engagement is made; to keep an engagement or appointment. The tenderest-hearted maid That ever bided tryst at village stile. Tennyson.

TRYST Tryst, v. t. Etym: [OE. tristen, trysten. See Tryst, n.]

1. To trust. [Obs.]

2. To agree with to meet at a certain place; to make an appointment with. [Scot.] Burns.

TRYST Tryst, v. i.

Defn: To mutually agree to meet at a certain place. [Scot.]

TRYSTER Tryst"er, n.

Defn: One who makes an appointment, or tryst; one who meets with another.

TRYSTING Tryst"ing, n.

Defn: An appointment; a tryst. Trysting day, an arranged day of meeting or assembling, as of soldiers, friends, and the like. And named a trysting day, And bade his messengers ride forth East and west and south and north, To summon his array. Macaulay. -- Trysting place, a place designated for the assembling of soldiers, the meeting of parties for an interview, or the like; a rendezvous. Byron.

TSAR Tsar, n.

Defn: The title of the emperor of Russia. See Czar.

TSARINA; TSARITSA Tsa*ri"na, Tsa*rit"sa, n. Etym: [Russ. tsaritsa. Cf. Czarina.]

Defn: The title of the empress of Russia. See Czarina.

TSCHAKMECK Tschak*meck", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chameck.

TSCHEGO Tsche"go, n. Etym: [From a native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West African anthropoid ape allied to the gorilla and chimpanzee, and by some considered only a variety of the chimpanzee. It is noted for building large, umbrella-shaped nests in trees. Called also tscheigo, tschiego, nschego, nscheigo.

TSEBE Tse"be, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The springbok.

TSETSE Tset"se, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A venomous two-winged African fly (Glossina morsitans) whose bite is very poisonous, and even fatal, to horses and cattle, but harmless to men. It renders extensive districts in which it abounds uninhabitable during certain seasons of the year. [Written also tzetze, and tsetze.]

T SQUARE T" square`.

Defn: See under T.

TSUNG-LI YAMEN Tsung"-li Ya"men. [Written also Tsung-li-Yamen or Tsungli Yamen.] [Chin.]

Defn: The board or department of foreign affairs in the Chinese government. See Yamen.

TSUNG TU Tsung" tu`.

Defn: A viceroy or governor-general, the highest provincial official in China, with civil and military authority over one or more provinces.

TUATARA Tu`a*ta"ra, n. [Maori tuatàra; tua on the farther side (the back) + tara spine.]

Defn: A large iguanalike reptile (Sphenodon punctatum) formerly common in New Zealand, but now confined to certain islets near the coast. It reaches a length of two and a half feet, is dark olive- green with small white or yellowish specks on the sides, and has yellow spines along the back, except on the neck.

TUATERA Tu`a*te"ra, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Hatteria.

TUB Tub, n. Etym: [OE. tubbe; of Dutch or Low German origin; cf. LG. tubbe, D. tobbe.]

1. An open wooden vessel formed with staves, bottom, and hoops; a kind of short cask, half barrel, or firkin, usually with but one head, -- used for various purposes.

2. The amount which a tub contains, as a measure of quantity; as, a tub of butter; a tub of camphor, which is about 1 cwt., etc.

3. Any structure shaped like a tub: as, a certain old form of pulpit; a short, broad boat, etc., -- often used jocosely or opprobriously. All being took up and busied, some in pulpits and some in tubs, in the grand work of preaching and holding forth. South.

4. A sweating in a tub; a tub fast. [Obs.] Shak.

5. A small cask; as, a tub of gin.

6. A box or bucket in which coal or ore is sent up a shaft; -- so called by miners. Tub fast, an old mode of treatment for the venereal disease, by sweating in a close place, or tub, and fasting. [Obs.] Shak. -- Tub wheel, a horizontal water wheel, usually in the form of a short cylinder, to the circumference of which spiral vanes or floats, placed radially, are attached, turned by the impact of one or more streams of water, conducted so as to strike against the floats in the direction of a tangent to the cylinder.

TUB Tub, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tubbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Tubbing.]

Defn: To plant or set in a tub; as, to tub a plant.

TUB Tub, i.

Defn: To make use of a bathing tub; to lie or be in a bath; to bathe. [Colloq.] Don't we all tub in England London Spectator.

TUBA Tu"ba, n. Etym: [L., trumpet.] (Mus.) (a) An ancient trumpet. (b) A sax-tuba. See Sax-tuba.

TUBAL Tub"al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a tube; specifically, of or pertaining to one of the Fallopian tubes; as, tubal pregnancy.

TUBBING Tub"bing, n.

1. The forming of a tub; also, collectively, materials for tubs.

2. A lining of timber or metal around the shaft of a mine; especially, a series of cast-iron cylinders bolted together, used to enable those who sink a shaft to penetrate quicksand, water, etc., with safety.

TUBBY Tub"by, a.

Defn: Resembling a tub; specifically sounding dull and without resonance, like a tub; wanting elasticity or freedom of sound; as, a tubby violin.

TUBE Tube, n. Etym: [L.tubus; akin to tuba a trumpet: cf F. tube.]

1. A hollow cylinder, of any material, used for the conveyance of fluids, and for various other purposes; a pipe.

2. A telescope. "Glazed optic tube." Milton.

3. A vessel in animal bodies or plants, which conveys a fluid or other substance.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: The narrow, hollow part of a gamopetalous corolla.

5. (Gun.)

Defn: A priming tube, or friction primer. See under Priming, and Friction.

6. (Steam Boilers)

Defn: A small pipe forming part of the boiler, containing water and surrounded by flame or hot gases, or else surrounded by water and forming a flue for the gases to pass through.

7. (Zoöl.) (a) A more or less cylindrical, and often spiral, case secreted or constructed by many annelids, crustaceans, insects, and other animals, for protection or concealment. See Illust. of Tubeworm. (b) One of the siphons of a bivalve mollusk. Capillary tube, a tube of very fine bore. See Capillary. -- Fire tube (Steam Boilers), a tube which forms a flue. -- Tube coral. (Zoöl.) Same as Tubipore. -- Tube foot (Zoöl.), one of the ambulacral suckers of an echinoderm. -- Tube plate, or Tube sheet (Steam Boilers), a flue plate. See under Flue. -- Tube pouch (Mil.), a pouch containing priming tubes. -- Tube spinner (Zoöl.), any one of various species of spiders that construct tubelike webs. They belong to Tegenaria, Agelena, and allied genera. -- Water tube (Steam Boilers), a tube containing water and surrounded by flame or hot gases.

TUBE Tube, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tubed; p. pr. & vb. n. Tubing.]

Defn: To furnish with a tube; as, to tube a well.

TUBEFORM Tube"form, a.

Defn: In the form of a tube; tubular; tubiform.

TUBE-NOSED Tube"-nosed`, a. (Zoöl.) (a) Having the nostrils prolonged in the form of horny tubes along the sides of the beak; -- said of certain sea birds. (b) Belonging to the Tubinares.

TUBER Tu"ber, n.Etym: [L., a hump. knob; probably akin to tumere to swell. Cf. Tumid.]

1. (Bot.) (a) A fleshy, rounded stem or root, usually containing starchy matter, as the potato or arrowroot; a thickened root-stock. See Illust. of Tuberous. (b) A genus of fungi. See Truffle.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A tuberosity; a tubercle.

TUBERCLE Tu"ber*cle, n. Etym: [L. tuberculum, dim. of tuber: cf. F. tubercule, OF. also tubercle. See Tuber.]

1. A small knoblike prominence or excrescence, whether natural or morbid; as, a tubercle on a plant; a tubercle on a bone; the tubercles appearing on the body in leprosy.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A small mass or aggregation of morbid matter; especially, the deposit which accompanies scrofula or phthisis. This is composed of a hard, grayish, or yellowish, translucent or opaque matter, which gradually softens, and excites suppuration in its vicinity. It is most frequently found in the lungs, causing consumption. Tubercle bacillus (Med.), a minute vegetable organism (Bacillus tuberculosis) discovered by Koch, a German physician, in the sputum of consumptive patients and in tuberculous tissue, and believed to be the exciting cause of tubercles and tuberculosis.

TUBERCLED Tu"ber*cled, a.

Defn: Having tubercles; affected with, tubercles; tuberculate; as, a tubercled lung or stalk.

TUBERCULAR Tu*ber"cu*lar, a.

1. Having tubercles; affected with tubercles; tubercled; tuberculate.

2. Like a tubercle; as, a tubercular excrescence.

3. (Med.)

Defn: Characterized by the development of tubercles; as, tubercular diathesis.

TUBERCULARIZE Tu*ber"cu*lar*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. -ized; p. pr. & vb. n. i- zing.] [Tubercular + -ize.] (Med.)

Defn: To infect with tuberculosis. --Tu*ber`cu*lar*i*za"tion (#), n.

TUBERCULATE; TUBERCULATED Tu*ber"cu*late, Tu*ber"cu*la`ted, a. Etym: [NL. tuberculatus: cf. F. tuberculé.]

Defn: Tubercled; tubercular.

TUBERCULIN Tu*ber"cu*lin, n. Etym: [See Tubercle.]

Defn: A fluid containing the products formed by the growth of the tubercle bacillus in a suitable culture medium.

TUBERCULIN TEST Tu*ber"cu*lin test.

Defn: The hypodermic injection of tuberculin, which has little or no effect with healthy cattle, but causes a marked rise in temperature in tuberculous animals.

TUBERCULIZATION Tu*ber`cu*li*za"tion, n. (Med.)

Defn: The development of tubercles; the condition of one who is affected with tubercles.

TUBERCULOCIDIN Tu*ber"cu*lo*ci`din, n. [Tuberculum + root of L. caedere to kill.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A special substance contained in tuberculin, supposed to be the active agent of the latter freed from various impurities.

TUBERCULOID Tu*ber"cu*loid, a. [Tuberculum + -oid.] (Med.)

Defn: Resembling a tubercle.

TUBERCULOSE; TUBERCULOUS Tu*ber"cu*lose`, Tu*ber"cu*lous, a.

Defn: Having tubercles; affected with, or characterized by, tubercles; tubercular.

TUBERCULOSED Tu*ber"cu*losed`, a. (Med.)

Defn: Affected with tuberculosis.

TUBERCULOSIS Tu*ber`cu*lo"sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Tubercle.] (Med.)

Defn: A constitutional disease characterized by the production of tubercles in the internal organs, and especially in the lungs, where it constitutes the most common variety of pulmonary consumption.

TUBERCULUM Tu*ber"cu*lum, n.; pl. Tubercula. Etym: [L., dim. of tuber a swelling.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tubercle.

TUBERIFEROUS Tu`ber*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Tuber + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing or bearing tubers.

TUBEROSE Tube"rose`, n. Etym: [Cf. G. tuberose, F. tubéreuse, NL. Polianthes tuberosa. See Tuberous.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Polianthes tuberosa) with a tuberous root and a liliaceous flower. It is much cultivated for its beautiful and fragrant white blossoms.

TUBEROSE Tu"ber*ose`, a.

Defn: Tuberous.

TUBEROSITY Tu`ber*os"i*ty, n.; pl. Tuberosities. Etym: [Cf. F. tubérosité.]

1. The state of being tuberous.

2. An obtuse or knoblike prominence; a protuberance.

TUBEROUS Tu"ber*ous, a. Etym: [L. tuberosus: cf. F. tubéreux. See Tuber, and cf. also Tuberose.]

1. Covered with knobby or wartlike prominences; knobbed.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Consisting of, or bearing, tubers; resembling a tuber. -- Tu"ber*ous*ness, n.

TUBE-SHELL Tube"-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bivalve mollusk which secretes a shelly tube around its siphon, as the watering-shell.

TUBEWORM Tube"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any annelid which constructs a tube; one of the Tubicolæ.

TUBFISH Tub"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sapphirine gurnard (Trigla hirundo). See Illust. under Gurnard. [Prov. Eng.]

TUBFUL Tub"ful, n.; pl. Tubfuls (.

Defn: As much as a tub will hold; enough to fill a tub.

TUBICINATE Tu*bic"i*nate, v. i. Etym: [L. tubicen trumpeter.]

Defn: To blow a trumpet.

TUBICOLAE Tu*bic"o*læ, n. pl. Etym: [L. tubus a tube + colere to inhabit.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of annelids including those which construct, and habitually live in, tubes. The head or anterior segments usually bear gills and cirri. Called also Sedentaria, and Capitibranchiata. See Serpula, and Sabella.

TUBICOLAR Tu*bic"o*lar, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Tubicolous.

TUBICOLE Tu"bi*cole, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Tubicolæ.

TUBICOLOUS Tu*bic"o*lous, a. Etym: [See Tubicolæ.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Inhabiting a tube; as, tubicolous worms.

TUBICORN Tu"bi*corn, n. Etym: [L. tubus tube + cornu horn: cf. F. tubicorne.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any ruminant having horns composed of a bony axis covered with a horny sheath; a hollow-horned ruminant.

TUBICORNOUS Tu"bi*corn`ous, a.

Defn: Having hollow horns.

TUBIFORM Tu"bi*form, a.

Defn: Having the form of a tube; tubeform. "Tubiform cells." Carpenter.

TUBINARES Tu`bi*na"res, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. tubus tube + nares the nostrils.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of sea birds comprising the petrels, shearwaters, albatrosses, hagdons, and allied birds having tubular horny nostrils.

TUBING Tub"ing, n.

1. The act of making tubes.

2. A series of tubes; tubes, collectively; a length or piece of a tube; material for tubes; as, leather tubing.

TUBIPORA Tu*bip"o*ra, n. Etym: [NL., from L. tubus tube + porus passage, pore.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of halcyonoids in which the skeleton, or coral (called organ-pipe coral), consists of a mass of parallel cylindrical tubes united at intervals by transverse plates. These corals are usually red or purple and form large masses. They are natives of the tropical parts of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

TUBIPORE Tu"bi*pore, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tubipore.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of the genus Tubipora.

TUBIPORITE Tu"bi*po*rite, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: Any fossil coral of the genus Syringopora consisting of a cluster of upright tubes united together by small transverse tubules.

TUBIVALVE Tu"bi*valve, n. Etym: [See Tube, Valve.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A shell or tube formed by an annelid, as a serpula.

TUBMAN Tub"man, n.; pl. Tubmen (. (Eng. Law)

Defn: One of the two most experienced barristers in the Court of Exchequer. Cf. Postman, 2.

TUBULAR Tu"bu*lar, a. Etym: [L. tubulus, dim. of tubus a tube, or pipe. See Tube.]

Defn: Having the form of a tube, or pipe; consisting of a pipe; fistular; as, a tubular snout; a tubular calyx. Also, containing, or provided with, tubes. Tubular boiler. See under Boiler. -- Tubular breathing (Med.), a variety of respiratory sound, heard on auscultation over the lungs in certain cases of disease, resembling that produced by the air passing through the trachea. -- Tubular bridge, a bridge in the form of a hollow trunk or tube, made of iron plates riveted together, as the Victoria bridge over the St. Lawrence, at Montreal, Canada, and the Britannia bridge over the Menai Straits. -- Tubular girder, a plate girder having two or more vertical webs with a space between them.

TUBULARIA Tu`bu*la"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of hydroids having large, naked, flowerlike hydranths at the summits of long, slender, usually simple, stems. The gonophores are small, and form clusters at the bases of the outer tentacles.

TUBULARIAE Tu`bu*la"ri*æ, n. pl. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Tubularida.

TUBULARIAN Tu`bu*la"ri*an, n. (Zool.)

Defn: Any hydroid belonging to the suborder Tubularida.

Note: These hydroids usually form tufts of delicate tubes, and both gonophores and hydranths are naked. The gonophores of many of the species become free jellyfishes; those of other species remain permanently attached as medusoid buds or sporosacs. See Illust. under Gonosome, and Cymnoblastea.

TUBULARIAN Tu`bu*la"ri*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the tubularians.

TUBULARIDA Tu"bu*lar`i*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive division of Hydroidea; the tubularians; -- called also Athecata, Gymnoblastea, and Tubulariæ.

TUBULATE Tu"bu*late, a. Etym: [L. tubulatus. See Tubular.]

Defn: Tubular; tubulated; tubulous.

TUBULATED Tu"bu*la`ted, a.

Defn: Made in the form of a small tube; provided with a tube, or elongated opening. Tubulated bottle or retort (Chem.), a bottle or retort having a stoppered opening for the introduction or removal of materials.

TUBULATION Tu`bu*la"tion, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The act of shaping or making a tube, or of providing with a tube; also, a tube or tubulure; as, the tubulation of a retort.

TUBULATURE Tu"bu*la`ture, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A tubulure.

TUBULE Tu"bule, n. Etym: [F. tubule, or L. tubulus, dim. of tubus a tube, a pipe.]

1. A small pipe or fistular body; a little tube.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A minute tube lined with glandular epithelium; as, the uriniferous tubules of the kidney.

TUBULIBRANCHIAN Tu`bu*li*bran"chi*an, n. (Zool.)

Defn: One of the Tubulibranchiata.

TUBULIBRANCHIATA Tu`bu*li*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from L. tubulus a little tube + branchia a gill.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of gastropod mollusks having a tubular shell. Vermetus is an example.

TUBULICOLE Tu"bu*li*cole`, n. Etym: [L. tubulus little tube + colere to inhabit.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any hydroid which has tubular chitinous stems.

TUBULIDENTATE Tu`bu*li*den"tate, a. Etym: [Tubule + dentate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having teeth traversed by canals; -- said of certain edentates.

TUBULIFORM Tu"bu*li*form`, a. Etym: [Cf. F. tubuliforme.]

Defn: Having the form of a small tube.

TUBULIPORE Tu"bu*li*pore", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of Bryozoa belonging to Tubulipora and allied genera, having tubular calcareous calicles.

TUBULOSE; TUBULOUS Tu"bu*lose`, Tu"bu*lous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. tubuleux. See Tubule.]

1. Resembling, or in the form of, a tube; longitudinally hollow; specifically (Bot.), having a hollow cylindrical corolla, often expanded or toothed at the border; as, a tubulose flower.

2. Containing, or consisting of, small tubes; specifically (Bot.), composed wholly of tubulous florets; as, a tubulous compound flower. Tubulous boiler, a steam boiler composed chiefly of tubes containing water and surrounded by flame and hot gases; -- sometimes distinguished from tubular boiler.

TUBULURE Tu"bu*lure, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tubulure.] (Chem.)

Defn: A short tubular opening at the top of a retort, or at the top or side of a bottle; a tubulation.

TUCAN Tu*can", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Mexican pocket gopher (Geomys Mexicanus). It resembles the common pocket gopher of the Western United States, but is larger. Called also tugan, and tuza.

TUCET Tu"cet, n.

Defn: See Tucket, a steak. [Obs.]

TUCH Tuch, n. Etym: [See Touchstone.]

Defn: A dark-colored kind of marble; touchstone. [Obs.] Sir J. Harrington.

TUCK Tuck, n. Etym: [F. estoc; cf. It. stocco; both of German origin, and akin to E. stock. See Stock.]

Defn: A long, narrow sword; a rapier. [Obs.] Shak. He wore large hose, and a tuck, as it was then called, or rapier, of tremendous length. Sir W. Scot.

TUCK Tuck, n. Etym: [Cf. Tocsin.]

Defn: The beat of a drum. Scot.

TUCK Tuck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tucked; p. pr. & vb. n. Tucking.] Etym: [OE. tukken, LG. tukken to pull up, tuck up, entice; akin to OD. tocken to entice, G. zucken to draw with a short and quick motion, and E. tug. See Tug.]

1. To draw up; to shorten; to fold under; to press into a narrower compass; as, to tuck the bedclothes in; to tuck up one's sleeves.

2. To make a tuck or tucks in; as, to tuck a dress.

3. To inclose; to put within; to press into a close place; as, to tuck a child into a bed; to tuck a book under one's arm, or into a pocket.

4. Etym: [Perhaps originally, to strike, beat: cf. F. toquer to touch. Cf. Tocsin.]

Defn: To full, as cloth. [Prov. Eng.]

TUCK Tuck, v. i.

Defn: To contract; to draw together. [Obs.]

TUCK Tuck, n.

1. A horizontal sewed fold, such as is made in a garment, to shorten it; a plait.

2. A small net used for taking fish from a larger one; -- called also tuck-net.

3. A pull; a lugging. [Obs.] See Tug. Life of A. Wood.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: The part of a vessel where the ends of the bottom planks meet under the stern.

5. Food; pastry; sweetmeats. [Slang] T. Hughes.

TUCKAHOE Tuck"a*hoe, n. Etym: [North American Indian, bread.] (Bot.)

Defn: A curious vegetable production of the Southern Atlantic United States, growing under ground like a truffle and often attaining immense size. The real nature is unknown. Called also Indian bread, and Indian loaf.

TUCKER Tuck"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, tucks; specifically, an instrument with which tuck are made.

2. A narrow piece of linen or the like, folded across the breast, or attached to the gown at the neck, forming a part of a woman's dress in the 17th century and later.

3. Etym: [See Tuck, v. t., 4.]

Defn: A fuller. [Prov. Eng.]

TUCKER Tuck"er, v. t.

Defn: To tire; to weary; -- usually with out. [Colloq. U. S.]

TUCKET Tuck"et, n. Etym: [It toccata a prelude, fr. toccare to touch. See Toccata, Touch.]

Defn: A slight flourish on a trumpet; a fanfare. [Obs.] Tucket sonance, the sound of the tucket. [Obs.] Let the trumpets sound The tucket sonance and the note to mount. Shak.

TUCKET Tuck"et, n. Etym: [Cf. It. tocchetto a ragout of fish, meat, fr. tocco a bit, morsel, LL. tucetum, tuccetum, a thick gravy.]

Defn: A steak; a collop. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

TUCK-NET Tuck"-net`, n.

Defn: See Tuck, n., 2.

TUCK POINTING Tuck pointing. (Masonry)

Defn: The finishing of joints along the center lines with a narrow ridge of putty or fine lime mortar.

TUCUM Tu"cum, n. Etym: [So called by the Indians of Brazil.]

Defn: A fine, strong fiber obtained from the young leaves of a Brazilian palm (Astrocaryum vulgare), used for cordage, bowstrings, etc.; also, the plant yielding this fiber. Called also tecum, and tecum fiber.

TUCUMA Tu*cu"ma, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A Brazilian palm (Astrocaryum Tucuma) which furnishes an edible fruit.

TUDOR Tu"dor, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a royal line of England, descended from Owen Tudor of Wales, who married the widowed queen of Henry V. The first reigning Tudor was Henry VII.; the last, Elizabeth. Tudor style (Arch.), the latest development of Gothic architecture in England, under the Tudors, characterized by flat four-centered arches, shallow moldings, and a profusion of paneling on the walls.

TUE Tu"e, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The parson bird.

TUEFALL Tue"fall, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See To-fall. [Eng.]

TUE-IRON Tue"-i`ron, n.

Defn: See Tuyère.

TUE-IRONS Tue"-i`rons, n. pl.

Defn: A pair of blacksmith's tongs.

TUESDAY Tues"day, n. Etym: [OE. Tewesday, AS. Tiwes dæg the day of Tiw the god of war; akin to OHG. Zio, Icel. T, L. Jupiter, Gr. Ziostac Tuesday, G. Dienstag, Icel. T. See Deity, Day, and cf. Jovial.]

Defn: The third day of the week, following Monday and preceding Wednesday.

TUET Tu"et, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lapwing. [Prov. Eng.]

TUFA Tu"fa, Etym: [It. fufo soft, sandy stone, L. tofus, tophus. Cf. Tofus, Toph, and Tophin.] (Min.) (a) A soft or porous stone formed by depositions from water, usually calcareous; -- called also calcareous tufa. (b) A friable volcanic rock or conglomerate, formed of consolidated cinders, or scoria.

TUFACEOUS Tu*fa"ceous, a. Etym: [Cf. It. tufaceo, L. tofaceus, tofacius. See Tufa.] (Min.)

Defn: Pertaining to tufa; consisting of, or resembling, tufa.

TUFF Tuff, n. (Min.)

Defn: Same as Tufa.

TUFFOON Tuf*foon", n.

Defn: See Typhoon. [R.]

TUFT Tuft, n. Etym: [Prov. E. tuff, F. touffe; of German origin; cf. G. zopf a weft of hair, pigtail, top of a tree. See Top summit.]

1. A collection of small, flexible, or soft things in a knot or bunch; a waving or bending and spreading cluster; as, a tuft of flowers or feathers.

2. A cluster; a clump; as, a tuft of plants. Under a tuft of shade. Milton. Green lake, and cedar fuft, and spicy glade. Keble.

3. A nobleman, or person of quality, especially in the English universities; -- so called from the tuft, or gold tassel, on the cap worn by them. [Cant, Eng.] Several young tufts, and others of the faster men. T. Hughes.

TUFT Tuft, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tufted; p. pr. & vb. n. Tufting.]

1. To separate into tufts.

2. To adorn with tufts or with a tuft. Thomson.

TUFT Tuft, v. i.

Defn: To grow in, or form, a tuft or tufts.

TUF-TAFFETA Tuf-taf"fe*ta, n.

Defn: A silk fabric formerly in use, having a nap or pile. [Written also tuft-taffeta.]

TUFTED Tuft"ed, a.

1. Adorned with a tuft; as, the tufted duck.

2. Growing in tufts or clusters; tufty. The tufted crowtoe, and pale jessamine. Milton. Tufted trees and springing corn. Pope. Tufted duck (Zoöl.), the ring-necked duck. [Local, U.S.]

TUFTHUNTER Tuft"hunt`er, n.

Defn: A hanger-on to noblemen, or persons of quality, especially in English universities; a toady. See 1st Tuft, 3. [Cant, Eng.] Halliwell.

TUFTHUNTING Tuft"hunt`ing, n.

Defn: The practice of seeking after, and hanging on, noblemen, or persons of quality, especially in English universities. [Cant, Eng.]

TUFTY Tuft"y, a.

1. Abounding with tufts. Both in the tufty frith and in the mossy fell. Drayton.

2. Growing in tufts or clusters. Where tufty daisies nod at every gale. W. Browne.

TUG Tug, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tugged; p. pr. & vb. n. Tugging.] Etym: [OE. toggen; akin to OD. tocken to entice, G. zucken to jerk, draw, Icel. toga to draw, AS. téon, p. p. togen, to draw, G. ziehen, OHG. ziohan, Goth. tiuhan, L. ducere to lead, draw. Cf. Duke, Team, Tie, v. t., Touch, Tow, v. t., Tuck to press in, Toy a plaything.]

1. To pull or draw with great effort; to draw along with continued exertion; to haul along; to tow; as, to tug a loaded cart; to tug a ship into port. There sweat, there strain, tug the laborious oar. Roscommon.

2. To pull; to pluck. [Obs.] To ease the pain, His tugged cars suffered with a strain. Hudibras.

TUG Tug, v. i.

1. To pull with great effort; to strain in labor; as, to tug at the oar; to tug against the stream. He tugged, he shook, till down they came. Milton.

2. To labor; to strive; to struggle. England now is left To tug and scamble and to part by the teeth The unowed interest of proud-swelling state. Shak.

TUG Tug, n.

1. A pull with the utmost effort, as in the athletic contest called tug of war; a supreme effort. At the tug he falls, Vast ruins come along, rent from the smoking walls. Dryden.

2. A sort of vehicle, used for conveying timber and heavy articles. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A small, powerful steamboat used to tow vessels; -- called also steam tug, tugboat, and towboat.

4. A trace, or drawing strap, of a harness.

5. (Mining.)

Defn: An iron hook of a hoisting tub, to which a tackle is affixed. Tug iron, an iron hook or button to which a tug or trace may be attached, as on the shaft of a wagon.

TUGAN Tu*gan", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Tucan.

TUGBOAT Tug"boat`, n.

Defn: See Tug, n., 3.

TUGGER Tug"ger, n.

Defn: One who tugs.

TUGGINGLY Tug"ging*ly, adv.

Defn: In a tugging manner; with laborious pulling.

TUILLE Tuille, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tuile a tile.]

Defn: In plate armor, a suspended plate in from of the thigh. See Illust. of Tasses.

TUITION Tu*i"tion, n. Etym: [L. tuitio protection, guarding, from tueri, p. p. tuitus, to see, watch, protect: cf. F. tuition. Cf. Tutor.]

1. Superintending care over a young person; the particular watch and care of a tutor or guardian over his pupil or ward; guardianship.

2. Especially, the act, art, or business of teaching; instruction; as, children are sent to school for tuition; his tuition was thorough.

3. The money paid for instruction; the price or payment for instruction.

TUITIONARY Tu*i"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to tuition.

TUKO-TUKO Tu"ko-tu*ko, n. Etym: [From the native name .] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A burrowing South American rodent (Ctenomys Braziliensis). It has small eyes and ears and a short tail. It resembles the pocket gopher in size, form, and habits, but is more nearly allied to the porcupines. [Written also tucu-tuco.]

TULA METAL Tu"la met`al.

Defn: An alloy of silver, copper, and lead made at Tula in Russia. [Written also toola metal.]

TULE Tu"le, n. Etym: [Mex.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large bulrush (Scirpus lacustris, and S. Tatora) growing abundantly on overflowed land in California and elsewhere.

TULIP Tu"lip, n. Etym: [F. tulipe, OF. also tulipan, It. tulipano, tulipa, from Turk. tulbend, dulbend, literally, a turban, Per. dulband; -- so called from the resemblance of the form of this flower to a turban. See Turban.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the liliaceous genus Tulipa. Many varieties are cultivated for their beautiful, often variegated flowers. Tulip tree. (a) A large American tree bearing tuliplike flowers. See Liriodendron. (b) A West Indian malvaceous tree (Paritium, or Hibiscus, tiliaceum).

TULIP-EARED Tu"lip-eared`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having erect, pointed ears; prick-eared; -- said of certain dogs.

TULIPIST Tu"lip*ist, n.

Defn: A person who is especially devoted to the cultivation of tulips. Sir T. Browne.

TULIPOMANIA Tu`lip*o*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [Tulip + mania.]

Defn: A violent passion for the acquisition or cultivation of tulips; -- a word said by Beckman to have been coined by Menage.

Note: In Holland, in the first half of the 17th century, the cultivation of tulips became a mania. It began about the year 1634, and, like a violent epidemic, seized upon all classes of the community, leading to disasters and misery such as the records of commerce or of bankruptcies can scarcely parallel. In 1636, tulip marts had been established in Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Haarlem, Leyden, and various other towns, where tulip bulbs were sold and resold in the same manner as stocks are on the Stock Exchange of London. Baird.

TULIPOMANIAC Tu`lip*o*ma"ni*ac, n.

Defn: One who is affected with tulipomania.

TULIP-SHELL Tu"lip-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, handsomely colored, marine univalve shell (Fasciolaria tulipa) native of the Southern United States. The name is sometimes applied also to other species of Fasciolaria.

TULIPWOOD Tu"lip*wood`, n.

Defn: The beautiful rose-colored striped wood of a Brazilian tree (Physocalymna floribunda), much used by cabinetmakers for inlaying. Queensland tulipwood, the variegated wood of an Australian sapindaceous tree (Harpullia pendula). J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).

TULL Tull, v. t. Etym: [OE. tullen. See Tole.]

Defn: To allure; to tole. [Obs.] With empty hands men may no hawkes tull. Chaucer.

TULLE Tulle, n. Etym: [F.; -- so called from the town of Tulle, in France.]

Defn: A kind of silk lace or light netting, used for veils, etc.

TULLIAN Tul"li*an, a. Etym: [L. Tullianus, from Tullius, the name of a Roman gens.]

Defn: Belonging to, or in the style of, Tully (Marcus Tullius Cicero).

TULLIBEE Tul"li*bee, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A whitefish (Coregonus tullibee) found in the Great Lakes of North America; -- called also mongrel whitefish.

TUMBLE Tum"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tumbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tumbling.] Etym: [OE. tumblen, AS. tumbian to turn heels over head, to dance violently; akin to D. tuimelen to fall, Sw. tumla, Dan. tumle, Icel. tumba; and cf. G. taumeln to reel, to stagger.]

1. To roll over, or to and fro; to throw one's self about; as, a person on pain tumbles and tosses.

2. To roll down; to fall suddenly and violently; to be precipitated; as, to tumble from a scaffold. He who tumbles from a tower surely has a greater blow than he who slides from a molehill. South.

3. To play tricks by various movements and contortions of the body; to perform the feats of an acrobat. Rowe. To tumble home (Naut.), to incline inward, as the sides of a vessel, above the bends or extreme breadth; -- used esp. in the phrase tumbling home. Cf. Wall-sided.

TUMBLE Tum"ble, v. t.

1. To turn over; to turn or throw about, as for examination or search; to roll or move in a rough, coarse, or unceremonious manner; to throw down or headlong; to precipitate; -- sometimes with over, about, etc.; as, to tumble books or papers.

2. To disturb; to rumple; as, to tumble a bed.

TUMBLE Tum"ble, n.

Defn: Act of tumbling, or rolling over; a fall.

TUMBLEBUG Tum"ble*bug`, n.

Defn: See Tumbledung.

TUMBLE-DOWN Tum"ble-down`, a.

Defn: Ready to fall; dilapidated; ruinous; as, a tumble-down house. [Colloq.]

TUMBLEDUNG Tum"ble*dung`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of scaraboid beetles belonging to Scarabæus, Copris, Phanæus, and allied genera. The female lays her eggs in a globular mass of dung which she rolls by means of her hind legs to a burrow excavated in the earth in which she buries it.

TUMBLER Tum"bler, n.

1. One who tumbles; one who plays tricks by various motions of the body; an acrobat.

2. A movable obstruction in a lock, consisting of a lever, latch, wheel, slide, or the like, which must be adjusted to a particular position by a key or other means before the bolt can be thrown in locking or unlocking.

3. (Firearms)

Defn: A piece attached to, or forming part of, the hammer of a gunlock, upon which the mainspring acts and in which are the notches for sear point to enter.

4. A drinking glass, without a foot or stem; -- so called because originally it had a pointed or convex base, and could not be set down with any liquor in it, thus compelling the drinker to finish his measure.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A variety of the domestic pigeon remarkable for its habit of tumbling, or turning somersaults, during its flight.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A breed of dogs that tumble when pursuing game. They were formerly used in hunting rabbits.

7. A kind of cart; a tumbrel. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

TUMBLERFUL Tum"bler*ful, n.; pl. Tumblerfuls (.

Defn: As much as a tumbler will hold; enough to fill a tumbler.

TUMBLEWEED Tum"ble*weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant which habitually breaks away from its roots in the autumn, and is driven by the wind, as a light, rolling mass, over the fields and prairies; as witch grass, wild indigo, Amarantus albus, etc.

TUMBLING Tum"bling,

Defn: a. & vb. n. from Tumble, v. Tumbling barrel. Same as Rumble, n., 4. -- Tumbling bay, an overfall, or weir, in a canal.

TUMBREL; TUMBRIL Tum"brel, Tum"bril n. Etym: [OF. tomberel, F. tombereau, fr. tomber to fall, to tumble; of Teutonic origin. Cf. Tumble.]

1. A cucking stool for the punishment of scolds.

2. A rough cart. Tusser. Tatler.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: A cart or carriage with two wheels, which accompanies troops or artillery, to convey the tools of pioneers, cartridges, and the like.

4. A kind of basket or cage of osiers, willows, or the like, to hold hay and other food for sheep. [Eng.]

TUMEFACIENT Tu`me*fa"cient, a. [L. tumefaciens, -entis, p. pr. of tumefacere to tumefy; tumere to swell + facere to make.]

Defn: Producing swelling; tumefying.

TUMEFACTION Tu`me*fac"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tuméfaction.]

Defn: The act or process of tumefying, swelling, or rising into a tumor; a swelling. Arbuthnot.

TUMEFY Tu"me*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tumefied; p. pr. & vb. n. Tumefying.] Etym: [F. tuméfier, fr. L. tumere to swell + -ficare (in comp.) to make; cf. L. tumefacere to tumefy. See Tumid, and -fy.]

Defn: To swell; to cause to swell, or puff up. To swell, tumefy, stiffen, not the diction only, but the tenor of the thought. De Quincey.

TUMEFY Tu"me*fy, v. i.

Defn: To rise in a tumor; to swell.

TUMESCENCE Tu*mes"cence, n. [L. tumescens, -entis, p.pr. of tumescere to swell up, v. incho. fr. tumere to swell.]

Defn: The act of becoming tumid; the state of being swollen; intumescence.

TUMESCENT Tu*mes"cent, a.

Defn: Slightly tumid; swollen, as certain moss capsules.

TUMID Tu"mid, a. Etym: [L. tumidus, fr. tumere to swell; cf. Skr. tumra strong, fat. Cf. Thumb.]

1. Swelled, enlarged, or distended; as, a tumid leg; tumid flesh.

2. Rising above the level; protuberant. So high as heaved the tumid hills. Milton.

3. Swelling in sound or sense; pompous; puffy; inflated; bombastic; falsely sublime; turgid; as, a tumid expression; a tumid style. -- Tu"mid*ly, adv. -- Tu"mid*ness, n.

TUMIDITY Tu*mid"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being tumid.

TUMMALS Tum"mals, n. (Mining)

Defn: A great quantity or heap. Weale.

TUMOR Tu"mor, n. Etym: [L., fr. tumere to swell: cf. F. tumeúr. See Tumid.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid swelling, prominence, or growth, on any part of the body; especially, a growth produced by deposition of new tissue; a neoplasm.

2. Affected pomp; bombast; swelling words or expressions; false magnificence or sublimity. [R.] Better, however, to be a flippant, than, by a revolting form of tumor and perplexity, to lead men into habits of intellect such as result from the modern vice of English style. De Quincey. Encysted tumor, a tumor which is inclosed in a membrane called a cyst, connected with the surrounding parts by the neighboring cellular substance. -- Fatty tumor. See under Fatty. -- Innocent tumor, or Benign tumor, one which does not of itself threaten life, and does not usually tend to recur after extirpation. -- Malignant tumor, a tumor which tends continually to spread, to become generalized in different parts of the body, and to recur after extirpation, and which, if left to itself, causes death.

TUMORED Tu"mored, a.

Defn: Distended; swelled. [R.] "His tumored breast." R. Junius.

TUMOROUS Tu"mor*ous, a. Etym: [L. tumorosus inflated.]

1. Swelling; protuberant. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.

2. Inflated; bombastic. [R.] B. Jonson.

TUMP Tump, n. Etym: [W. twmp, twm, a round mass or heap, a hillock.]

Defn: A little hillock; a knoll. Ainsworth.

TUMP Tump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tumped; p. pr. & vb. n. Tumping.]

1. To form a mass of earth or a hillock about; as, to tump teasel.

2. To draw or drag, as a deer or other animal after it has been killed. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett.

TUMPLINE Tump"line`, n.

Defn: A strap placed across a man's forehead to assist him in carrying a pack on his back. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett.

TUM-TUM Tum"-tum`, n.

Defn: A dish made in the West Indies by beating boiled plantain quite soft in a wooden mortar.

TUMULAR Tu"mu*lar, a. Etym: [L. tumulus a mound: cf. F. tumulaire. See Tumulus.]

Defn: Consisting in a heap; formed or being in a heap or hillock. Pinkerton.

TUMULATE Tu"mu*late, v. t. Etym: [L. tumulatus, p. p. of tumulare to tumulate. See Tumulus.]

Defn: To cover, as a corpse, with a mound or tomb; to bury. [Obs.]

TUMULATE Tu"mu*late, v. i.

Defn: To swell. [Obs.] Wilkins.

TUMULOSE Tu"mu*lose`, a.

Defn: Tumulous. [R.] Bailey.

TUMULOSITY Tu`mu*los"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being tumulous; hilliness. [R.] Bailey.

TUMULOUS Tu"mu*lous, a. Etym: [L. tumulosus, fr. tumulus a mound.]

Defn: Full of small hills or mounds; hilly; tumulose. [R.] Bailey.

TUMULT Tu"mult, n. Etym: [L.tumultus; probably akin to Skr. tumula noise, noisy, and perhaps to L. tumere to swell, E. tumid: cf. F. tumulte.]

1. The commotion or agitation of a multitude, usually accompanied with great noise, uproar, and confusion of voices; hurly-burly; noisy confusion. What meaneth the noise of this tumult 1 Sam. iv. 14. Till in loud tumult all the Greeks arose. Pope.

2. Violent commotion or agitation, with confusion of sounds; as, the tumult of the elements. Addison.

3. Irregular or confused motion; agitation; high excitement; as, the tumult of the spirits or passions.

Syn. -- Uproar; ferment; disturbance; turbulence; disorder; confusion; noise; bluster; hubbub; bustle; stir; brawl; riot.

TUMULT Tu"mult, v. i.

Defn: To make a tumult; to be in great commotion. [Obs.] Importuning and tumulting even to the fear of a revolt. Milton.

TUMULTER Tu"mult*er, n.

Defn: A maker of tumults. [Obs.] He severely punished the tumulters. Milton.

TUMULTUARILY Tu*mul"tu*a*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a tumultuary manner.

TUMULTUARINESS Tu*mul"tu*a*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being tumultuary.

TUMULTUARY Tu*mul"tu*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. tumultuarius: cf. F. tumultuaire.]

1. Attended by, or producing, a tumult; disorderly; promiscuous; confused; tumultuous. "A tumultuary conflict." Eikon Basilike. A tumultuary attack of the Celtic peasantry. Macaulay. Sudden flight or tumultuary skirmish. De Quincey.

2. Restless; agitated; unquiet. Men who live without religion live always in a tumultuary and restless state. Atterbury.

TUMULTUATE Tu*mul"tu*ate, v. i. Etym: [L. tumultuatus, p. p. of tumultuari to make a tumult.]

Defn: To make a tumult. [Obs.] "He will murmur and tumultuate." South.

TUMULTUATION Tu*mul`tu*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. tumultuatio.]

Defn: Irregular or disorderly movement; commotion; as, the tumultuation of the parts of a fluid. [Obs.] Boyle.

TUMULTUOUS Tu*mul"tu*ous, a. Etym: [L. tumultuosus: cf. F. tumultueux.]

1. Full of tumult; characterized by tumult; disorderly; turbulent. The flight became wild and tumultuous. Macaulay.

2. Conducted with disorder; noisy; confused; boisterous; disorderly; as, a tumultuous assembly or meeting.

3. Agitated, as with conflicting passions; disturbed. His dire attempt, which, nigh the birth Now rolling, boils in his tumultuous breast. Milton.

4. Turbulent; violent; as, a tumultuous speech.

Syn. -- Disorderly; irregular; noisy; confused; turbulent; violent; agitated; disturbed; boisterous; lawless; riotous; seditious. -- Tu*mul"tu*ous*ly, adv. -- Tu*mul"tu*ous*ness, n.

TUMULUS Tu"mu*lus, n.; pl. Tumuli. Etym: [L., a mound, a sepulchral mound, probably from tumere to swell. Cf. Tumid.]

Defn: An artificial hillock, especially one raised over a grave, particularly over the graves of persons buried in ancient times; a barrow.

TUN Tun, n. Etym: [AS. tunne. See Ton a weight.]

1. A large cask; an oblong vessel bulging in the middle, like a pipe or puncheon, and girt with hoops; a wine cask.

2. (Brewing)

Defn: A fermenting vat.

3. A certain measure for liquids, as for wine, equal to two pipes, four hogsheads, or 252 gallons. In different countries, the tun differs in quantity.

4. (Com.)

Defn: A weight of 2,240 pounds. See Ton. [R.]

5. An indefinite large quantity. Shak. A tun of man in thy large bulk is writ. Dryden.

6. A drunkard; -- so called humorously, or in contempt.

7. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any shell belonging to Dolium and allied genera; -- called also tun-shell.

TUN Tun, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tunned; p. pr. & vb. n. Tunning.]

Defn: To put into tuns, or casks. Boyle.

TUNA Tu"na, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The Opuntia Tuna. See Prickly pear, under Prickly.

TUNA Tu"na, n. Etym: [Cf. Tunny.] (Zoöl.) (a) The tunny. (b) The bonito, 2.

TUNABLE Tun"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being tuned, or made harmonious; hence, harmonious; musical; tuneful. -- Tun"a*ble*ness, n. -- Tun"a*bly, adv. And tunable as sylvan pipe or song. Milton.

TUN-BELLIED Tun"-bel`lied, a.

Defn: Having a large, protuberant belly, or one shaped like a tun; pot-bellied.

TUN-DISH Tun"-dish`, n.

Defn: A tunnel. [Obs.] Shak.

TUNDRA Tun"dra, n. Etym: [Russ., from a native name.]

Defn: A rolling, marshy, mossy plain of Northern Siberia.

TUNE Tune, n. Etym: [A variant of tone.]

1. A sound; a note; a tone. "The tune of your voices." Shak.

2. (Mus.) (a) A rhythmical, melodious, symmetrical series of tones for one voice or instrument, or for any number of voices or instruments in unison, or two or more such series forming parts in harmony; a melody; an air; as, a merry tune; a mournful tune; a slow tune; a psalm tune. See Air. (b) The state of giving the proper, sound or sounds; just intonation; harmonious accordance; pitch of the voice or an instrument; adjustment of the parts of an instrument so as to harmonize with itself or with others; as, the piano, or the organ, is not in tune. Like sweet bells jangled, out of tune and harsh. Shak.

3. Order; harmony; concord; fit disposition, temper, or humor; right mood. A child will learn three times as much when he is in tune, as when he . . . is dragged unwillingly to [his task]. Locke.

TUNE Tune, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tuned; p. pr. & vb. n. Tuning.]

1. To put into a state adapted to produce the proper sounds; to harmonize, to cause to be in tune; to correct the tone of; as, to tune a piano or a violin. " Tune your harps." Dryden.

2. To give tone to; to attune; to adapt in style of music; to make harmonious. For now to sorrow must I tune my song. Milton.

3. To sing with melody or harmony. Fountains, and ye, that warble, as ye flow, Melodious murmurs, warbling tune his praise. Milton.

4. To put into a proper state or disposition. Shak.

TUNE Tune, v. i.

1. To form one sound to another; to form accordant musical sounds. Whilst tuning to the water's fall, The small birds sang to her. Drayton.

2. To utter inarticulate harmony with the voice; to sing without pronouncing words; to hum. [R.]

TUNEFUL Tune"ful, a.

Defn: Harmonious; melodious; musical; as, tuneful notes. " Tuneful birds." Milton. -- Tune"ful*ly, adv. -- Tune"ful*ness, n.

TUNELESS Tune"less, a.

1. Without tune; inharmonious; unmusical. " Thy tuneless serenade." Cowley. How often have I led thy sportive choir, With tuneless pipe, beside the murmuring Loire! Goldsmith.

2. Not employed in making music; as, tuneless harps.

3. Not expressed in music or poetry; unsung. [R.]

TUNER Tun"er, n.

Defn: One who tunes; especially, one whose occupation is to tune musical instruments.

TUN-GREAT Tun"-great`, a.

Defn: Having the circumference of a tun. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TUNGSTATE Tung"state, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tungstate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of tungstic acid; a wolframate.

TUNGSTEN Tung"sten n. Etym: [Sw. tungsten (cf. Dan. tungsteen, G. tungstein); tung heavy (akin to Dan. tung, Icel. þungr) + sten stone. See Stone.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A rare element of the chromium group found in certain minerals, as wolfram and scheelite, and isolated as a heavy steel-gray metal which is very hard and infusible. It has both acid and basic properties. When alloyed in small quantities with steel, it greatly increases its hardness. Symbol W (Wolframium). Atomic weight, 183.6. Specific gravity, 18.

2 (Min.)

Defn: Scheelite, or calcium tungstate. [Obs.] Tungsten ocher, or Tungstic ocher (Min.), tungstate.

TUNGSTENIC Tung*sten"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to tungsten; containing tungsten; as, tungstenic ores. [R.]

TUNGSTEN LAMP Tung"sten lamp.

Defn: An electric glow lamp having filaments of metallic tungsten. Such lamps, owing to the refractory nature of the metal, may be maintained at a very high temperature and require an expenditure of only about 1.25 watts per candle power.

TUNGSTEN STEEL Tungsten steel. (Metal.)

Defn: A steel containing a small amount of tungsten, noted for tenacity and hardness, even under a considerable degree of heat. Magnets made of it are said to be highly permanent. It often contains manganese.

TUNGSTIC Tung"stic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to tungsten; derived from, or resembling, tungsten; wolframic; as, tungstic oxide. Tungstic acid, an acid of tungsten, H2WO4, analogous to sulphuric and chromic acids.

TUNGSTITE Tung"stite, n. (Min.)

Defn: The oxide of tungsten, a yellow mineral occurring in a pulverulent form. It is often associated with wolfram.

TUNGUSES Tun*gus"es, n. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A group of roving Turanian tribes occupying Eastern Siberia and the Amoor valley. They resemble the Mongols. [Written also Tungooses.]

TUNGUSIC Tun*gus"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Tunguses; as, the Tungusic dialects.

TUNHOOF Tun"hoof`, n. Etym: [Cf. Aleboof.] (Bot.)

Defn: Ground ivy; alehoof.

TUNIC Tu"nic, n. Etym: [L. tunica: cf. F.tunique.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: An under-garment worn by the ancient Romans of both sexes. It was made with or without sleeves, reached to or below the knees, and was confined at the waist by a girdle.

2. Any similar garment worm by ancient or Oriental peoples; also, a common name for various styles of loose-fitting under-garments and over-garments worn in modern times by Europeans and others.

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: Same as Tunicle.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: A membrane, or layer of tissue, especially when enveloping an organ or part, as the eye.

5. (Bot.)

Defn: A natural covering; an integument; as, the tunic of a seed.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Mantle, n., 3 (a).

TUNICARY Tu"ni*ca*ry, n.; pl. Tunicaries. Etym: [L. tunica a tunic.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Tunicata.

TUNICATA Tu`ni*ca"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Tunicate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A grand division of the animal kingdom, intermediate, in some respects, between the invertebrates and vertebrates, and by some writers united with the latter. They were formerly classed with acephalous mollusks. The body is usually covered with a firm external tunic, consisting in part of cellulose, and having two openings, one for the entrance and one for the exit of water. The pharynx is usually dilated in the form of a sac, pierced by several series of ciliated slits, and serves as a gill.

Note: Most of the species when mature are firmly attached to foreign substances, but have free-swimming larvæ which are furnished with an elongated tail and somewhat resemble a tadpole. In this state the larva has a urochord and certain other structures resembling some embryonic vertebrates. See Ascidian, Doliolum, Salpa, Urochord, and Illust. of Social ascidian, under Social.

TUNICATE; TUNICATED Tu"ni*cate, Tu"ni*ca`ted, a. Etym: [L. tunicatus, p. p. of tunicare to clothe with a tunic, fr. tunica a tunic.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Covered with a tunic; covered or coated with layers; as, a tunicated bulb.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) Having a tunic, or mantle; of or pertaining to the Tunicata. (b) Having each joint buried in the preceding funnel-shaped one, as in certain antennæ of insects.

TUNICATE Tu"ni*cate, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Tunicata.

TUNICIN Tu"ni*cin, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Animal cellulose; a substance present in the mantle, or tunic, of the Tunicates, which resembles, or is identical with, the cellulose of the vegetable kingdom.

TUNICLE Tu"ni*cle, n. Etym: [L. tunicula a little tunic, coat, or membrane, dim. of tunica a tunic: cf. OF. tunicle.]

1. A slight natural covering; an integument. The tunicles that make the ball or apple of the eye. Holland.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A short, close-fitting vestment worn by bishops under the dalmatic, and by subdeacons.

TUNING Tun"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Tune, v. Tuning fork (Mus.), a steel instrument consisting of two prongs and a handle, which, being struck, gives a certain fixed tone. It is used for tuning instruments, or for ascertaining the pitch of tunes.

TUNK Tunk, n.

Defn: A sharp blow; a thump. [Prov. Eng. or Colloq. U. S.]

TUNKER Tun"ker, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: Same as Dunker.

TUNNAGE Tun"nage (; 48), n. Etym: [From Tun; cf. Tonnage.]

Defn: See Tonnage.

TUNNEL Tun"nel, n. . Etym: [F. tonnelle a semicircular, wagon-headed vault, a tunnel net, an arbor, OF. also tonnel; dim. of tonne a tun; -- so named from its resemblance to a tun in shape. See Ton.]

1. A vessel with a broad mouth at one end, a pipe or tube at the other, for conveying liquor, fluids, etc., into casks, bottles, or other vessels; a funnel.

2. The opening of a chimney for the passage of smoke; a flue; a funnel. And one great chimney, whose long tunnel thence The smoke forth threw. Spenser.

3. An artificial passage or archway for conducting canals or railroads under elevated ground, for the formation of roads under rivers or canals, and the construction of sewers, drains, and the like.

4. (Mining)

Defn: A level passage driven across the measures, or at right angles to veins which it is desired to reach; -- distinguished from the drift, or gangway, which is led along the vein when reached by the tunnel. Tunnel head (Metal.), the top of a smelting furnace where the materials are put in. -- Tunnel kiln, a limekiln in which coal is burned, as distinguished from a flame kiln, in which wood or peat is used. -- Tunnel net, a net with a wide mouth at one end and narrow at the other. -- Tunnel pit, Tunnel shaft, a pit or shaft sunk from the top of the ground to the level of a tunnel, for drawing up the earth and stones, for ventilation, lighting, and the like.

TUNNEL Tun"nel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tunneled ( or Tunnelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tunneling or Tunnelling.]

1. To form into a tunnel, or funnel, or to form like a tunnel; as, to tunnel fibrous plants into nests. Derham.

2 2

Defn: To catch in a tunnel net.

3. To make an opening, or a passageway, through or under; as, to tunnel a mountain; to tunnel a river.

TUNNEL STERN Tun"nel stern.

Defn: A design of motor-boat stern, for use in shallow waters, in which the propeller is housed in a tunnel and does not extend below the greatest draft.

TUNNY Tun"ny, n.; pl. Tunnies. Etym: [L. thunnus, thynnus, Gr. tonno, F. & Pr. thon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of large oceanic fishes belonging to the Mackerel family, especially the common or great tunny (Orcynus or Albacora thynnus) native of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It sometimes weighs a thousand pounds or more, and is extensively caught in the Mediterranean. On the American coast it is called horse mackerel. See Illust. of Horse mackerel, under Horse. [Written also thynny.]

Note: The little tunny (Gymnosarda alletterata) of the Mediterranean and North Atlantic, and the long-finned tunny, or albicore (see Albicore), are related species of smaller size.

TUP Tup, v. t. & i. Etym: [Probably akin to top summit, head.]

1. To butt, as a ram does. [Prov. Eng.]

2. To cover; -- said of a ram. Shak.

TUP Tup, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A ram.

TUPAI Tu*pai", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of the tupaiids.

TUPAIID Tu*pai"id, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of East Indian and Asiatic insectivores of the family Tupaiidæ, somewhat resembling squirrels in size and arboreal habits. The nose is long and pointed.

TUPELO Tu"pe*lo, n. Etym: [Tupelo, or tupebo, the native American Indian name.] (Bot.)

Defn: A North American tree (Nyssa multiflora) of the Dogwood family, having brilliant, glossy foliage and acid red berries. The wood is crossgrained and very difficult to split. Called also black gum, sour gum, and pepperidge. Largo tupelo, or Tupelo gum (Bot.), an American tree (Nyssa uniflora) with softer wood than the tupelo. -- Sour tupelo (Bot.), the Ogeechee lime.

TUPI Tu"pi, n.

Defn: An Indian of the tribe from which the Tupian stock takes its name, dwelling, at the advent of the Portuguese, about the mouth of the Amazon. Also, their language, which is the basis of the Indian trade language of the Amazon.

TUPIAN Tu"pi*an, a.

Defn: Designating, or pert. to, a linguistic stock of South American Indians comprising the most important Brazilian tribes. Agriculture, pottery, and stone working were practiced by them at the time of the conquest. The Tupi and the Guarani were originally the most powerful of the stock, which is hence also called Tupi-Guaranian.

TUPMAN Tup"man, n.; pl. Tupmen (.

Defn: A man who breeds, or deals in tups. [Prov. Eng.]

TUQUE Tuque, n. [Canadian F. See Toque.]

Defn: A kind of warm cap winter wear, made from a knit bag with closed tapered ends by pushing one end within the other, thus making a conical cap of double thickness.

Picturesque fellow with tuques, red sashes, and fur coats. F. Remington.

TUR Tur, n. Etym: [Pol.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The urus.

TURACIN Tu"ra*cin, n. (Physiol.) (Chem.)

Defn: A red or crimson pigment obtained from certain feathers of several species of turacou; whence the name. It contains nearly six per cent of copper.

TURACOU Tu*ra"cou, n. Etym: [Cf. F. touraco.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of plantain eaters of the genus Turacus, native of Africa. They are remarkable for the peculiar green and red pigments found in their feathers. [Written also touraco, and touracou.]

TURACOVERDIN Tu*ra`co*ver"din, n. Etym: [See Turacou, and Verdant.] (Physiol.) (Chem.)

Defn: A green pigment found in the feathers of the turacou. See Turacin.

TURANIAN Tu*ra"ni*an, a. Etym: [From Tur, the name, in Persian legendary history, of one of the three brothers from whom sprang the races of mankind.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an extensive family of languages of simple structure and low grade (called also Altaic, Ural-Altaic, and Scythian), spoken in the northern parts of Europe and Asia and Central Asia; of pertaining to, or designating, the people who speak these languages.

TURANIAN Tu*ra"ni*an, n.

Defn: One of the Turanians.

TURANIANS Tu*ra"ni*ans, n. pl. (Ethnol.) (a) An extensive division of mankind including the Mongols and allied races of Asia, together with the Malays and Polynesians. (b) A group of races or tribes inhabiting Asia and closely related to the Mongols.

TURATT Tu"ratt, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hare kangaroo.

TURBAN Tur"ban, n. Etym: [OE. turband, turbant, tolibant, F. turban, It. turbante, Turk. tulbend, dulbend, fr. Per. dulband. Cf. Tulip.]

1. A headdress worn by men in the Levant and by most Mohammedans of the male sex, consisting of a cap, and a sash, scarf, or shawl, usually of cotton or linen, wound about the cap, and sometimes hanging down the neck.

2. A kind of headdress worn by women.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The whole set of whorls of a spiral shell.

TURBAND Tur"band, n.

Defn: A turban. Balfour (Cyc. of Ind.).

TURBANED Tur"baned, a.

Defn: Wearing a turban. " A malignant and a turbaned Turk." Shak.

TURBAN-SHELL Tur"ban-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sea urchin when deprived of its spines; -- popularly so called from a fancied resemblance to a turban.

TURBANT Tur"bant, n.

Defn: A turban. [Obs.] Milton. I see the Turk nodding with his turbant. Howell.

TURBAN-TOP Tur"ban-top`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of fungus with an irregularly wrinkled, somewhat globular pileus (Helvella, or Gyromitra, esculenta.).

TURBARY Tur"ba*ry, n.; pl. Turbaries. Etym: [LL. turbaria a place for digging peat, from turba peat. See Turf.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: A right of digging turf on another man's land; also, the ground where turf is dug.

TURBELLARIA Tur`bel*la"ri*a, n.; pl. Etym: [NL., dim. fr. L. turbo a whirling.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive group of worms which have the body covered externally with vibrating cilia. It includes the Rhabdocoela and Dendrocoela. Formerly, the nemerteans were also included in this group.

TURBELLARIAN Tur`bel*la"ri*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Turbellaria. Also used adjectively.

TURBETH Tur"beth, n.

Defn: See Turpeth.

TURBID Tur"bid, a. Etym: [L. turbidus, from turba tumult, disturbance, akin to turbare to disturb. See Trouble, and cf. Disturb, Perturb.]

1. Having the lees or sediment disturbed; roiled; muddy; thick; not clear; -- used of liquids of any kind; as, turbid water; turbid wine. On that strong, turbid water, a small boat, Guided by one weak hand, was seen to float. Whittier.

2. Disturbed; confused; disordered. " Such turbid intervals that use to attend close prisoners." Howell.

TURBIDITY Tur*bid"i*ty, n.

Defn: Turbidness.

TURBIDLY Tur"bid*ly, adv.

1. In a turbid manner; with muddiness or confusion.

2. Proudly; haughtily. [A Latinism. R.] One of great merit turbidly resents them. Young.

TURBIDNESS Tur"bid*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being turbid; muddiness; foulness.

TURBILLION Tur*bil"lion, n. Etym: [F. tourbillon, from L. turbo a whirl.]

Defn: A whirl; a vortex. Spectator.

TURBINACEOUS Tur`bi*na"ceous, a. Etym: [See Turbary.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to peat, or turf; of the nature of peat, or turf; peaty; turfy. Sir. W. Scott.

TURBINAL Tur"bi*nal, a. Etym: [L. turbo, turben, -inis, a top, whirl.] (Anat.)

Defn: Rolled in a spiral; scroll-like; turbinate; -- applied to the thin, plicated, bony or cartilaginous plates which support the olfactory and mucous membranes of the nasal chambers.

Note: There are usually several of these plates in each nasal chamber. The upper ones, connected directly with the ethmoid bone, are called ethmoturbinals, and the lower, connected with the maxillæ, maxillo-turbinals. Incurved portions of the wall of the nasal chamber are sometimes called pseudoturbinals, to distinguish them from the true turbinals which are free outgrowths into the chambers.

TURBINAL Tur"bi*nal, n. (Anat.)

Defn: A turbinal bone or cartilage.

TURBINATE Tur"bi*nate, v. i.

Defn: To revolve or spin like a top; to whirl. [R.]

TURBINATE; TURBINATED Tur"bi*nate, Tur"bi*na`ted, a. Etym: [L. turbinatus, turbo, turben, - inis, a whirl, top.]

1. Whirling in the manner of a top. A spiral and turbinated motion of the whole. Bentley.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Shaped like a top, or inverted cone; narrow at the base, and broad at the apex; as, a turbinated ovary, pericarp, or root.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: Turbinal.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Spiral with the whorls decreasing rapidly from a large base to a pointed apex; -- said of certain shells.

TURBINATION Tur`bi*na"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. L. tirbinatio a pointing in the form of a cone. See Turbinate.]

Defn: The act of spinning or whirling, as a top.

TURBINE Tur"bine, n. Etym: [L. turbo, -inis, that which spins or whirls round, whirl.]

Defn: A water wheel, commonly horizontal, variously constructed, but usually having a series of curved floats or buckets, against which the water acts by its impulse or reaction in flowing either outward from a central chamber, inward from an external casing, or from above downward, etc.; -- also called turbine wheel.

Note: In some turbines, the water is supplied to the wheel from below, instead of above. Turbines in which the water flows in a direction parallel to the axis are called parallel-flow turbines.

TURBINELLA Tur`bi*nel"la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. fr. L. turbo, -inis, a top.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of large marine gastropods having a thick heavy shell with conspicuous folds on the columella.

TURBINITE Tur"bi*nite, n. Etym: [NL. Turbo, the generic name, fr. L. turbo a whirl, top: cf. F. turbinite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A petrified shell resembling the genus Turbo. [R.]

TURBINOID Tur"bi*noid, a. Etym: [See Turbo, and -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to Turbo or the family Turbinidæ.

TURBIT Tur"bit, n. Etym: [Cf. Turbot.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The turbot.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A variety of the domestic pigeon, remarkable for its short beak.

TURBITE Tur"bite, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil turbo.

TURBITH Tur"bith, n. Etym: [F., fr. Per. See Turpeth.]

Defn: See Turpeth.

TURBO Tur"bo, n. Etym: [L. turbo, -inis, a top. See Turbine.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous marine gastropods of the genus Turbo or family Turbinidæ, usually having a turbinate shell, pearly on the inside, and a calcareous operculum.

TURBOGENERATOR Tur`bo*gen"er*a`tor, n. [See Turbine, and Generator.]

Defn: An electric generator or dynamo which is combined on one frame with a turbomotor, by which it is driven.

TURBOT Tur"bot, n. Etym: [F.; -- probably so named from its shape, and from L. turbo a top, a whirl.] (Zoöl.) (a) A large European flounder (Rhombus maximus) highly esteemed as a food fish. It often weighs from thirty to forty pounds. Its color on the upper side is brownish with small roundish tubercles scattered over the surface. The lower, or blind, side is white. Called also bannock fluke. (b) Any one of numerous species of flounders more or less related to the true turbots, as the American plaice, or summer flounder (see Flounder), the halibut, and the diamond flounder (Hypsopsetta guttulata) of California. (c) The filefish; -- so called in Bermuda. (d) The trigger fish. Spotted turbot. See Windowpane.

TURBULENCE Tur"bu*lence, n. Etym: [L. turbulentia: cf. F. turbulebce.]

Defn: The quality or state of being turbulent; a disturbed state; tumult; disorder; agitation. Shak. The years of . . . warfare and turbulence which ensued. Southey.

Syn. -- Agitation; commotion; tumult; tumultuousness; termagance; unruliness; insubordination; rioting.

TURBULENCY Tur"bu*len*cy, n.

Defn: Turbulence. What a tale of terror now its turbulency tells! Poe.

TURBULENT Tur"bu*lent, a. Etym: [L. turbulentus, fr. turba disorder, tumult: cf. F. turbulent. See Turbid.]

1. Disturbed; agitated; tumultuous; roused to violent commotion; as, the turbulent ocean. Calm region once, And full of peace, now tossed and turbulent. Milton.

2. Disposed to insubordination and disorder; restless; unquiet; refractory; as, turbulent spirits. Sagacious, bold, and turbulent of wit. Dryden.

3. Producing commotion; disturbing; exciting. Whose heads that turbulent liquor fills with fumes. Milton.

Syn. -- Disturbed; agitated; tumultuous; riotous; seditious; insubordinate; refractory; unquiet.

TURBULENTLY Tur"bu*lent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a turbulent manner.

TURCISM Tur"cism, n.

Defn: A mode of speech peculiar to the Turks; a Turkish idiom or expression; also, in general, a Turkish mode or custom.

TURCOMAN Tur"co*man, n.; pl. Turcomans (.

1. A member of a tribe of Turanians inhabiting a region east of the Caspian Sea.

2. A Turcoman carpet. Turcoman carpet or rug, a kind of carpet or rug supposed to be made by the Turcomans.

TURDIFORMES Tur`di*for"mes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. turdus a thrush + forma form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of singing birds including the thrushes and allied kinds.

TURDUS Tur"dus, n. Etym: [L., a thrush.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of singing birds including the true thrushes.

TUREEN Tu*reen", n. Etym: [F. terrine, L. terra earth. See Terrace.]

Defn: A large, deep vessel for holding soup, or other liquid food, at the table. [Written also terreen.]

TUREENFUL Tu*reen"ful, n.; pl. Tureenfuls (.

Defn: As much as a tureen can hold; enough to fill a tureen.

TURF Turf (tûrf), n.; pl. Turfs, Obs. Turves. Etym: [AS. turf; akin to D. turf peat, G. torf, OHG. zurba turf, Sw. & Icel. torf turf, peat, Dan. törv, Skr. darbha a kind of grass, a tuft of grass. sq. root242.]

1. That upper stratum of earth and vegetable mold which is filled with the roots of grass and other small plants, so as to adhere and form a kind of mat; sward; sod. At his head a grass-green turf. Shak. The Greek historian sets her in the field on a high heap of turves. Milton.

2. Peat, especially when prepared for fuel. See Peat.

3. Race course; horse racing; -- preceded by the. "We . . . claim the honors of the turf." Cowper.

Note: Turf is often used adjectively, or to form compounds which are generally self-explaining; as, turf ashes, turf cutter or turf- cutter, turf pit or turf-pit, turf-built, turf-clad, turf-covered, etc. Turf ant (Zoöl.), a small European ant (Formica flava) which makes small ant-hills on heaths and commons. -- Turf drain, a drain made with turf or peat. -- Turf hedge, a hedge or fence formed with turf and plants of different kinds. -- Turf house, a house or shed formed of turf, common in the northern parts of Europe. -- Turf moss a tract of turfy, mossy, or boggy land. -- Turf spade, a spade for cutting and digging turf, longer and narrower than the common spade.

TURF Turf, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Turfed; p. pr. & vb. n. Turfing.]

Defn: To cover with turf or sod; as, to turf a bank, of the border of a terrace. A. Tucker.

TURFEN Turf"en, a.

Defn: Made of turf; covered with turf.

TURFINESS Turf"i*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being turfy.

TURFING Turf"ing, n.

Defn: The act or process of providing or covering with turf. Turfing iron, or Turfing spade, an implement for cutting, and paring off, turf.

TURFITE Turf"ite, n.

Defn: A votary of the turf, or race course; hence, sometimes, a blackleg. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

TURFLESS Turf"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of turf.

TURFMAN Turf"man, n.; pl. Turfmen (.

Defn: A turfite; a votary of the turf, or race course. [Colloq.]

TURFY Turf"y, a. [Compar. Turfier; superl. Turfiest.]

1. Abounding with turf; made of, or covered with, turf. "The turfy mountains." Shak.

2. Having the nature or appearance of turf.

3. Of or pertaining to the turf, or horse racing.

TURGENT Tur"gent, a. Etym: [L. turgens, -entis, p. pr. of turgere to swell.]

1. Rising into a tumor, or a puffy state; swelling; tumid; as, turgent humors.

2. Inflated; bombastic; turgid; pompous. Recompensed with turgent titles. Burton.

TURGESCE Tur*gesce", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Turgesced; p. pr. & vb. n. Turgescing.] Etym: [L. turgescere, v. incho. fr. turgere to swell.]

Defn: To become turgid; to swell or be inflated. [R.]

TURGESCENCE; TURGESCENCY Tur*ges"cence, Tur*ges"cen*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. turgescence. See Turgescent.]

1. The act of swelling, or the state of being swollen, or turgescent. Sir T. Browne.

2. Empty magnificence or pompousness; inflation; bombast; turgidity. Johnson.

TURGESCENT Tur*ges"cent, a. Etym: [L. turgescens, -entis, p. pr. of turgescere: cf. F. turgescent. See Turgesce.]

Defn: Becoming turgid or inflated; swelling; growing big.

TURGID Tur"gid, a. Etym: [L. turgidus, from turgere to swell.]

1. Distended beyond the natural state by some internal agent or expansive force; swelled; swollen; bloated; inflated; tumid; -- especially applied to an enlarged part of the body; as, a turgid limb; turgid fruit. A bladder . . . held near the fire grew turgid. Boyle.

2. Swelling in style or language; vainly ostentatious; bombastic; pompous; as, a turgid style of speaking. -- Tur"gid*ly, adv. -- Tur"gid*ness, n.

TURGIDITY Tur*gid"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being turgid.

TURGIDOUS Tur"gid*ous, a.

Defn: Turgid. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

TURIO Tu"ri*o, n.; pl. Turiones. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)

Defn: A shoot or sprout from the ground. Gray.

TURIOLE Tu"ri*ole, n.

Defn: The golden oriole. [Prov. Eng.]

TURION Tu"ri*on, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Turio.

TURIONIFEROUS Tu`ri*o*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. turio a sprout + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing shoots, as asparagus. Barton.

TURK Turk, n. Etym: [Per. Turk; probably of Tartar origin: cf. F. Turc.]

1. A member of any of numerous Tartar tribes of Central Asia, etc.; esp., one of the dominant race in Turkey.

2. A native or inhabitant of Turkey.

3. A Mohammedan; esp., one living in Turkey. It is no good reason for a man's religion that he was born and brought up in it; for then a Turk would have as much reason to be a Turk as a Christian to be a Christian. Chillingworth.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The plum weevil. See Curculio, and Plum weevil, under Plum. Turk's cap. (Bot.) (a) Turk's-cap lily. See under Lily. (b) A tulip. (c) A plant of the genus Melocactus; Turk's head. See Melon cactus, under Melon. -- Turk's head. (a) (Naut.) A knot of turbanlike form worked on a rope with a piece of small line. R. H. Dana, Jr. (b) (Bot.) See Turk's cap (c) above. -- Turk's turban (Bot.), a plant of the genus Ranunculus; crowfoot.

TURKEIS Tur"keis, a. Etym: [Cf. Turquoise.]

Defn: Turkish. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TURKEY Tur"key, n. Etym: [Cf. 2d Turkey.]

Defn: An empire in the southeast of Europe and southwest of Asia. Turkey carpet, a superior kind of carpet made in Asia Minor and adjoining countries, having a deep pile and composed of pure wool with a weft of different material. It is distinguishable by its coloring and patterns from similar carpets made in India and elsewhere. -- Turkey oak. (Bot.) See Cerris. -- Turkey red. (a) A brilliant red imparted by madder to cottons, calicoes, etc., the fiber of which has been prepared previously with oil or other fatty matter. (b) Cloth dyed with this red. -- Turkey sponge. (Zoöl.) See Toilet sponge, under Sponge. -- Turkey stone, a kind of oilstone from Turkey; novaculite; -- called also Turkey oilstone.

TURKEY Tur"key, n.; pl. Turkeys. Etym: [So called because it was formerly erroneously believed that it came originally from Turkey: cf. F. Turquie Turkey. See Turk.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any large American gallinaceous bird belonging to the genus Meleagris, especially the North American wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), and the domestic turkey, which was probably derived from the Mexican wild turkey, but had been domesticated by the Indians long before the discovery of America.

Note: The Mexican wild turkey is now considered a variety of the northern species (var. Mexicana). Its tall feathers and coverts are tipped with white instead of brownish chestnut, and its flesh is white. The Central American, or ocellated, turkey (M. ocellata) is more elegantly colored than the common species. See under Ocellated. The Australian, or native, turkey is a bustard (Choriotis australis). See under Native. Turkey beard (Bot.), a name of certain American perennial liliaceous herbs of the genus Xerophyllum. They have a dense tuft of hard, narrowly linear radical leaves, and a long raceme of small whitish flowers. Also called turkey's beard. -- Turkey berry (Bot.), a West Indian name for the fruit of certain kinds of nightshade (Solanum mammosum, and S. torvum). -- Turkey bird (Zoöl.), the wryneck. So called because it erects and ruffles the feathers of its neck when disturbed. [Prov. Eng.] -- Turkey buzzard (Zoöl.), a black or nearly black buzzard (Cathartes aura), abundant in the Southern United States. It is so called because its naked and warty head and neck resemble those of a turkey. Its is noted for its high and graceful flight. Called also turkey vulture. -- Turkey cock (Zoöl.), a male turkey. -- Turkey hen (Zoöl.), a female turkey. -- Turkey pout (Zoöl.), a young turkey. [R.] -- Turkey vulture (Zoöl.), the turkey buzzard.

TURKEYS Tur"keys, a.

Defn: Turkish. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TURKEY-TROT Tur"key-trot`, n.

Defn: An eccentric ragtime dance, danced with the feet well apart and with a characteristic rise on the ball of the foot, followed by a drop upon the heel. The original form, owning to the positions assumed by the dancers, is offensively suggestive. Similar dances are the bunny hug and grizzly bear, so called in allusion to the movements and the positions assumed by the partners in dancing.

TURKIC Turk"ic, a.

Defn: Turkish.

TURKIS Tur"kis, n. (Min.)

Defn: Turquois. [Obs.]

TURKISH Turk"ish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Turkey or the Turks. -- n.

Defn: The language spoken by Turks, esp. that of the people of Turkey. -- Turk"ish*ly, adv. -- Turk"ish*ness, n.

TURKISM Turk"ism, n.

Defn: Same as Turcism.

TURKLE Tur"kle, n.

Defn: A turtle. [Obs. or Illiterate]

TURKO Turk"o, n.; pl. Turkos. Etym: [F. turco.]

Defn: One of a body of native Algerian tirailleurs in the French army, dressed as a Turk. [Written also Turco.]

TURKO-IRANIAN Tur`ko-I*ra"ni*an, a. (Ethnol.)

Defn: Designating, or pert. to, a mixed racial type including the Afghans, and characterized chiefly by stature above mean, fair complexion, dark, or sometimes gray, eyes, brachycephaly, and very long, prominent, and moderately narrow nose.

TURKO-IRANIAN Tur`ko-I*ra"ni*an, n.

Defn: A member of any race of the Turko-Iranian type.

TURKOIS Tur*kois", n. & a.

Defn: Turquoise.

TURKOMAN Tur"ko*man, n.; pl. Turkomans (.

Defn: Same as Turcoman.

TURK'S-HEAD Turk's"-head`, n.

1. (Naut.) A knot of turbanlike form worked on a rope with a piece of small line.

2. (a) The melon cactus. [West Indies] (b) Any of several species of Echinocactus. [California]

3. A long-handled, round-headed broom for sweeping ceilings, etc. [Colloq. or Dial.]

TURLUPIN Tur"lu*pin, n. Etym: [F.] (Fr. Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of the precursors of the Reformation; -- a nickname corresponding to Lollard, etc.

TURM Turm, n. Etym: [L. turma.]

Defn: A troop; a company. [Obs. or Poetic] Legions and cohorts, turms of horse and wings. Milton.

TURMALINE Tur"ma*line, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Tourmaline.

TURMERIC Tur"mer*ic, n. Etym: [F. terre-mérite, NL. terramerita, turmerica; apparently meaning, excellent earth, but perhaps a corruption of Ar. kurkum. Cf. Curcuma.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An East Indian plant of the genus Curcuma, of the Ginger family.

2. The root or rootstock of the Curcuma longa. It is externally grayish, but internally of a deep, lively yellow or saffron color, and has a slight aromatic smell, and a bitterish, slightly acrid taste. It is used for a dye, a medicine, a condiment, and a chemical test.

TURMERIC Tur"mer*ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to turmeric; resembling, or obtained from, turmeric; specif., designating an acid obtained by the oxidation of turmerol. Turmeric paper (Chem.), paper impregnated with turmeric and used as a test for alkaline substances, by which it is changed from yellow to brown. -- Turmeric root. (Bot.) (a) Bloodroot. (b) Orangeroot.

TURMEROL Tur"mer*ol, n. Etym: [Turmeric + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: Turmeric oil, a brownish yellow, oily substance extracted from turmeric by ligroin.

TURMOIL Tur"moil, n. Etym: [Of uncertain origin; perhaps fr. OF. tremouille the hopper of a mill, trembler to tremble (cf. E. tremble); influenced by E. turn and moil.]

Defn: Harassing labor; trouble; molestation by tumult; disturbance; worrying confusion. And there I'll rest, as after much turmoil, A blessed soul doth in Elysium. Shak.

TURMOIL Tur*moil", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Turmoiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Turmoiling.]

Defn: To harass with commotion; to disquiet; to worry. [Obs.] It is her fatal misfortune . . . to be miserably tossed and turmoiled with these storms of affliction. Spenser.

TURMOIL Tur*moil", v. i.

Defn: To be disquieted or confused; to be in commotion. [Obs.] Milton.

TURN Turn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Turned; p. pr. & vb. n. Turning.] Etym: [OE. turnen, tournen, OF. tourner, torner, turner, F. tourner, LL. tornare, fr. L. tornare to turn in a lathe, to rounds off, fr. tornus a lathe, Gr. throw. See Throw, and cf. Attorney, Return, Tornado, Tour, Tournament.]

1. To cause to move upon a center, or as if upon a center; to give circular motion to; to cause to revolve; to cause to move round, either partially, wholly, or repeatedly; to make to change position so as to present other sides in given directions; to make to face otherwise; as, to turn a wheel or a spindle; to turn the body or the head. Turn the adamantine spindle round. Milton. The monarch turns him to his royal guest. Pope.

2. To cause to present a different side uppermost or outmost; to make the upper side the lower, or the inside to be the outside of; to reverse the position of; as, to turn a box or a board; to turn a coat.

3. To give another direction, tendency, or inclination to; to direct otherwise; to deflect; to incline differently; -- used both literally and figuratively; as, to turn the eyes to the heavens; to turn a horse from the road, or a ship from her course; to turn the attention to or from something. "Expert when to advance, or stand, or, turn the sway of battle." Milton. Thrice I deluded her, and turned to sport Her importunity. Milton. My thoughts are turned on peace. Addison.

4. To change from a given use or office; to divert, as to another purpose or end; to transfer; to use or employ; to apply; to devote. Therefore he slew him, and turned the kingdom unto David. 1 Chron. x. 14. God will make these evils the occasion of a greater good, by turning them to advantage in this world. Tillotson. When the passage is open, land will be turned most to cattle; when shut, to sheep. Sir W. Temple.

5. To change the form, quality, aspect, or effect of; to alter; to metamorphose; to convert; to transform; -- often with to or into before the word denoting the effect or product of the change; as, to turn a worm into a winged insect; to turn green to blue; to turn prose into verse; to turn a Whig to a Tory, or a Hindoo to a Christian; to turn good to evil, and the like. The Lord thy God will turn thy captivity, and have compassion upon thee. Deut. xxx. 3. And David said, O Lord, I pray thee, turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness. 2 Sam. xv. 31. Impatience turns an ague into a fever. Jer. Taylor.

6. To form in a lathe; to shape or fashion (anything) by applying a cutting tool to it while revolving; as, to turn the legs of stools or tables; to turn ivory or metal. I had rather hear a brazen canstick turned. Shak.

7. Hence, to give form to; to shape; to mold; to put in proper condition; to adapt. "The poet's pen turns them to shapes." Shak. His limbs how turned, how broad his shoulders spread ! Pope. He was perfectly well turned for trade. Addison.

8. Specifically: -- (a) To translate; to construe; as, to turn the Iliad. Who turns a Persian tale for half a crown. Pope.

(b) To make acid or sour; to ferment; to curdle, etc.: as, to turn cider or wine; electricity turns milk quickly. (c) To sicken; to nauseate; as, an emetic turns one's stomach. To be turned of, be advanced beyond; as, to be turned of sixty-six. -- To turn a cold shoulder to, to treat with neglect or indifference. -- To turn a corner, to go round a corner. -- To turn adrift, to cast off, to cease to care for. -- To turn a flange (Mech.), to form a flange on, as around a metal sheet or boiler plate, by stretching, bending, and hammering, or rolling the metal. -- To turn against. (a) To direct against; as, to turn one's arguments against himself. (b) To make unfavorable or hostile to; as, to turn one's friends against him. -- To turn a hostile army, To turn the enemy's flank, or the like (Mil.), to pass round it, and take a position behind it or upon its side. -- To turn a penny, or To turn an honest penny, to make a small profit by trade, or the like. -- To turn around one's finger, to have complete control of the will and actions of; to be able to influence at pleasure. -- To turn aside, to avert. -- To turn away. (a) To dismiss from service; to discard; as, to turn away a servant. (b) To avert; as, to turn away wrath or evil. -- To turn back. (a) To give back; to return. We turn not back the silks upon the merchants, When we have soiled them. Shak. (b) To cause to return or retrace one's steps; hence, to drive away; to repel. Shak. -- To turn down. (a) To fold or double down. (b) To turn over so as to conceal the face of; as, to turn down cards. (c) To lower, or reduce in size, by turning a valve, stopcock, or the like; as, turn down the lights. -- To turn in. (a) To fold or double under; as, to turn in the edge of cloth. (b) To direct inwards; as, to turn the toes in when walking. (c) To contribute; to deliver up; as, he turned in a large amount. [Colloq.] -- To turn in the mind, to revolve, ponder, or meditate upon; -- with about, over, etc. " Turn these ideas about in your mind." I. Watts. -- To turn off. (a) To dismiss contemptuously; as, to turn off a sycophant or a parasite. (b) To give over; to reduce. (c) To divert; to deflect; as, to turn off the thoughts from serious subjects; to turn off a joke. (d) To accomplish; to perform, as work. (e) (Mech.) To remove, as a surface, by the process of turning; to reduce in size by turning. (f) To shut off, as a fluid, by means of a valve, stopcock, or other device; to stop the passage of; as, to turn off the water or the gas. -- To turn on, to cause to flow by turning a valve, stopcock, or the like; to give passage to; as, to turn on steam. -- To turn one's coat, to change one's uniform or colors; to go over to the opposite party. -- To turn one's goods or money, and the like, to exchange in the course of trade; to keep in lively exchange or circulation; to gain or increase in trade. -- To turn one's hand to, to adapt or apply one's self to; to engage in. -- To turn out. (a) To drive out; to expel; as, to turn a family out of doors; to turn a man out of office. I'll turn you out of my kingdom. Shak. (b) to put to pasture, as cattle or horses. (c) To produce, as the result of labor, or any process of manufacture; to furnish in a completed state. (d) To reverse, as a pocket, bag, etc., so as to bring the inside to the outside; hence, to produce. (e) To cause to cease, or to put out, by turning a stopcock, valve, or the like; as, to turn out the lights. -- To turn over. (a) To change or reverse the position of; to overset; to overturn; to cause to roll over. (b) To transfer; as, to turn over business to another hand. (c) To read or examine, as a book, while, turning the leaves. "We turned o'er many books together." Shak. (d) To handle in business; to do business to the amount of; as, he turns over millions a year. [Colloq.] -- To turn over a new leaf. See under Leaf. -- To turn tail, to run away; to retreat ignominiously. -- To turn the back, to flee; to retreat. -- To turn the back on or upon, to treat with contempt; to reject or refuse unceremoniously. -- To turn the corner, to pass the critical stage; to get by the worst point; hence, to begin to improve, or to succeed. -- To turn the die or dice, to change fortune. -- To turn the edge or point of, to bend over the edge or point of so as to make dull; to blunt. -- To turn the head or brain of, to make giddy, wild, insane, or the like; to infatuate; to overthrow the reason or judgment of; as, a little success turned his head. -- To turn the scale or balance, to change the preponderance; to decide or determine something doubtful. -- To turn the stomach of, to nauseate; to sicken. -- To turn the tables, to reverse the chances or conditions of success or superiority; to give the advantage to the person or side previously at a disadvantage. -- To turn tippet, to make a change. [Obs.] B. Jonson. -- To turn to profit, advantage, etc., to make profitable or advantageous. -- To turn up. (a) To turn so as to bring the bottom side on top; as, to turn up the trump. (b) To bring from beneath to the surface, as in plowing, digging, etc. (c) To give an upward curve to; to tilt; as, to turn up the nose. -- To turn upon, to retort; to throw back; as, to turn the arguments of an opponent upon himself. -- To turn upside down, to confuse by putting things awry; to throw into disorder. This house is turned upside down since Robin Ostler died. Shak.

TURN Turn, v. i.

1. To move round; to have a circular motion; to revolve entirely, repeatedly, or partially; to change position, so as to face differently; to whirl or wheel round; as, a wheel turns on its axis; a spindle turns on a pivot; a man turns on his heel. The gate . . . on golden hinges turning. Milton.

2. Hence, to revolve as if upon a point of support; to hinge; to depend; as, the decision turns on a single fact. Conditions of peace certainly turn upon events of war. Swift.

3. To result or terminate; to come about; to eventuate; to issue. If we repent seriously, submit contentedly, and serve him faithfully, afflictions shall turn to our advantage. Wake.

4. To be deflected; to take a different direction or tendency; to be directed otherwise; to be differently applied; to be transferred; as, to turn from the road. Turn from thy fierce wrath. Ex. xxxii. 12. Turn ye, turn ye from your evil ways. Ezek. xxxiii. 11. The understanding turns inward on itself, and reflects on its own operations. Locke.

5. To be changed, altered, or transformed; to become transmuted; also, to become by a change or changes; to grow; as, wood turns to stone; water turns to ice; one color turns to another; to turn Mohammedan. I hope you have no intent to turn husband. Shak. Cygnets from gray turn white. Bacon.

6. To undergo the process of turning on a lathe; as, ivory turns well.

7. Specifically: -- (a) To become acid; to sour; -- said of milk, ale, etc. (b) To become giddy; -- said of the head or brain. I'll look no more; Lest my brain turn. Shak.

(c) To be nauseated; -- said of the stomach. (d) To become inclined in the other direction; -- said of scales. (e) To change from ebb to flow, or from flow to ebb; -- said of the tide. (f) (Obstetrics) To bring down the feet of a child in the womb, in order to facilitate delivery.

8. (Print.)

Defn: To invert a type of the same thickness, as temporary substitute for any sort which is exhausted. To turn about, to face to another quarter; to turn around. -- To turn again, to come back after going; to return. Shak. -- To turn against, to become unfriendly or hostile to. -- To turn aside or away. (a) To turn from the direct course; to withdraw from a company; to deviate. (b) To depart; to remove. (c) To avert one's face. -- To turn back, to turn so as to go in an opposite direction; to retrace one's steps. -- To turn in. (a) To bend inward. (b) To enter for lodgings or entertainment. (c) To go to bed. [Colloq.] -- To turn into, to enter by making a turn; as, to turn into a side street. -- To turn off, to be diverted; to deviate from a course; as, the road turns off to the left. -- To turn on or upon. (a) To turn against; to confront in hostility or anger. (b) To reply to or retort. (c) To depend on; as, the result turns on one condition. -- To turn out. (a) To move from its place, as a bone. (b) To bend or point outward; as, his toes turn out. (c) To rise from bed. [Colloq.] (d) To come abroad; to appear; as, not many turned out to the fire. (e) To prove in the result; to issue; to result; as, the cropsturned out poorly. -- To turn over, to turn from side to side; to roll; to tumble. -- To turn round. (a) To change position so as to face in another direction. (b) To change one's opinion; to change from one view or party to another. -- To turn to, to apply one's self to; have recourse to; to refer to. "Helvicus's tables may be turned to on all occasions." Locke. -- To turn to account, profit, advantage, or the like, to be made profitable or advantageous; to become worth the while. -- To turn under, to bend, or be folded, downward or under. -- To turn up. (a) To bend, or be doubled, upward. (b) To appear; to come to light; to transpire; to occur; to happen.

TURN Turn, n.

1. The act of turning; movement or motion about, or as if about, a center or axis; revolution; as, the turn of a wheel.

2. Change of direction, course, or tendency; different order, position, or aspect of affairs; alteration; vicissitude; as, the turn of the tide. At length his complaint took a favorable turn. Macaulay. The turns and varieties of all passions. Hooker. Too well the turns of mortal chance I know. Pope.

3. One of the successive portions of a course, or of a series of occurrences, reckoning from change to change; hence, a winding; a bend; a meander. And all its [the river's] thousand turns disclose. Some fresher beauty varying round. Byron.

4. A circuitous walk, or a walk to and fro, ending where it began; a short walk; a stroll. Come, you and I must walk a turn together. Shak. I will take a turn in your garden. Dryden.

5. Successive course; opportunity enjoyed by alternation with another or with others, or in due order; due chance; alternate or incidental occasion; appropriate time. "Nobleness and bounty . . . had their turns in his [the king's] nature." His turn will come to laugh at you again. Denham . Every one has a fair turn to be as great as he pleases. Collier.

6. Incidental or opportune deed or office; occasional act of kindness or malice; as, to do one an ill turn. Had I not done a friendes turn to thee Chaucer. thanks are half lost when good turns are delayed. Fairfax.

7. Convenience; occasion; purpose; exigence; as, this will not serve his turn. I have enough to serve mine own turn. Shak.

8. Form; cast; shape; manner; fashion; -- used in a literal or figurative sense; hence, form of expression; mode of signifying; as, the turn of thought; a man of a sprightly turn in conversation. The turn of both his expressions and thoughts is unharmonious. Dryden. The Roman poets, in their description of a beautiful man, often mention the turn of his neck and arms. Addison.

9. A change of condition; especially, a sudden or recurring symptom of illness, as a nervous shock, or fainting spell; as, a bad turn. [Colloq.]

10. A fall off the ladder at the gallows; a hanging; -- so called from the practice of causing the criminal to stand on a ladder which was turned over, so throwing him off, when the signal was given. [Obs.]

11. A round of a rope or cord in order to secure it, as about a pin or a cleat.

12. (Mining)

Defn: A pit sunk in some part of a drift.

13. (Eng. Law)

Defn: A court of record, held by the sheriff twice a year in every hundred within his county. Blount.

14. pl. (Med.)

Defn: Monthly courses; menses. [Colloq.]

15. (Mus.)

Defn: An embellishment or grace (marked thus, By turns. (a) One after another; alternately; in succession. (b) At intervals. "[They] feel by turns the bitter change." Milton. -- In turn, in due order of succession. -- To a turn, exactly; perfectly; as, done to a turn; -- a phrase alluding to the practice of cooking on a revolving spit. -- To take turns, to alternate; to succeed one another in due order. -- Turn and turn about, by equal alternating periods of service or duty; by turns. -- Turn bench, a simple portable lathe, used on a bench by clock makers and watchmakers. -- Turn buckle. See Turnbuckle, in Vocabulary. -- Turn cap, a sort of chimney cap which turns round with the wind so as to present its opening to the leeward. G. Francis. -- Turn of life (Med.), change of life. See under Change. -- Turn screw, a screw driver.

TURNBROACH Turn"broach`, n.

Defn: A turnspit. [Obs.] " One that was her turnbroach." Beau. & Fl.

TURN-BUCKLE Turn"-buc`kle, n. (Mech.) (a) A loop or sleeve with a screw thread at one end and a swivel at the other, -- used for tightening a rod, stay, etc. (b) A gravitating catch, as for fastening a shutter, the end of a chain, or a hasp.

TURNBULL'S BLUE Turn"bull's blue`. (Chem.)

Defn: The double cyanide of ferrous and ferric iron, a dark blue amorphous substance having a coppery luster, used in dyeing, calico printing, etc. Cf. Prussian blue, under Prussian.

TURNCOAT Turn"coat`, n.

Defn: One who forsakes his party or his principles; a renegade; an apostate. He is a turncoat, he was not true to his profession. Bunyan.

TURNDOWN Turn"down`, a.

1. Capable of being turned down; specif. (Elec.), designating, or pertaining to, an incandescent lamp with a small additional filament which can be made incandescent when only a small amount of light is required.

2. Made to wear with the upper part turned down; as, a turndown collar.

TURNEP Tur"nep, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Turnip. [Obs.]

TURNER Turn"er, n.

1. One who turns; especially, one whose occupation is to form articles with a lathe.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A variety of pigeon; a tumbler.

TURNER Tur"ner, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: A person who practices athletic or gymnastic exercises.

TURNERITE Tur"ner*ite, n. Etym: [So called from the English chemist and mineralogist, C. H. Turner.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of monazite.

TURNERY Turn"er*y, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tournerie.]

1. The art of fashioning solid bodies into cylindrical or other forms by means of a lathe.

2. Things or forms made by a turner, or in the lathe. Chairs of wood, the seats triangular, the backs, arms, and legs loaded with turnery. Walpole.

TURNEY Tur"ney, n. & v.

Defn: Tourney. [Obs.] Chaucer. "In open turney." Spenser. Milton.

TURNHALLE Turn"hal`le, n. Etym: [G., from turnen to exercise gymnastics + halle hall.]

Defn: A building used as a school of gymnastics.

TURNICIMORPHAE Tur`ni*ci*mor"phæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Turnix, and -morphous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of birds including Turnix and allied genera, resembling quails in appearance but differing from them anatomically.

TURNING Turn"ing, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, turns; also, a winding; a bending course; a fiexure; a meander. Through paths and turnings often trod by day. Milton.

2. The place of a turn; an angle or corner, as of a road. It is preached at every turning. Coleridge.

3. Deviation from the way or proper course. Harmar.

4. Turnery, or the shaping of solid substances into various by means of a lathe and cutting tools.

5. pl.

Defn: The pieces, or chips, detached in the process of turning from the material turned.

6. (Mil.)

Defn: A maneuver by which an enemy or a position is turned. Turning and boring mill, a kind of lathe having a vertical spindle and horizontal face plate, for turning and boring large work. -- Turning bridge. See the Note under Drawbridge. -- Turning engine, an engine lathe. -- Turning lathe, a lathe used by turners to shape their work. -- Turning pair. See the Note under Pair, n. -- Turning point, the point upon which a question turns, and which decides a case.

TURNINGNESS Turn"ing*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of turning; instability; tergiversation. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

TURNIP Tur"nip, n. Etym: [OE. turnep; probably fr. turn, or F. tour a turn, turning lathe + OE. nepe a turnip, AS. næpe, L. napus. Cf. Turn,v. t., Navew.] (Bot.)

Defn: The edible, fleshy, roundish, or somewhat conical, root of a cruciferous plant (Brassica campestris, var. Napus); also, the plant itself. [Formerly written also turnep.] Swedish turnip (Bot.), a kind of turnip. See Ruta-baga. -- Turnip flea (Zoöl.), a small flea-beetle (Haltica, or Phyllotreta, striolata), which feeds upon the turnip, and often seriously injures it. It is black with a stripe of yellow on each elytron. The name is also applied to several other small insects which are injurious to turnips. See Illust. under Flea-beetle. -- Turnip fly. (Zoöl.) (a) The turnip flea. (b) A two-winged fly (Anthomyia radicum) whose larvæ live in the turnip root.

TURNIP-SHELL Tur"nip-shell", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several large, thick, spiral marine shells belonging to Rapa and allied genera, somewhat turnip-shaped.

TURNIX Tur"nix, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. coturnix a quail.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of birds belonging to Turnix or Hemipodius and allied genera of the family Turnicidæ. These birds resemble quails and partridges in general appearance and in some of their habits, but differ in important anatomical characteristics. The hind toe is usually lacking. They are found in Asia, Africa, Southern Europe, the East Indian Islands, and esp. in Australia and adjacent islands, where they are called quails (see Quail, n., 3.). See Turnicimorphæ.

TURNKEY Turn"key`, n.; pl. Turnkeys (.

1. A person who has charge of the keys of a prison, for opening and fastening the doors; a warder.

2. (Dentistry)

Defn: An instrument with a hinged claw, -- used for extracting teeth with a twist.

TURN-OUT Turn"-out`, n.; pl. Turn-outs (.

1. The act of coming forth; a leaving of houses, shops, etc.; esp., a quitting of employment for the purpose of forcing increase of wages; a strike; -- opposed to lockout.

2. A short side track on a railroad, which may be occupied by one train while another is passing on a main track; a shunt; a siding; a switch.

3. That which is prominently brought forward or exhibited; hence, an equipage; as, a man with a showy carriage and horses is said to have a fine turn-out.

4. The aggregate number of persons who have come out, as from their houses, for a special purpose.

5. Net quantity of produce yielded.

TURNOVER Turn"o`ver, n.

1. The act or result of turning over; an upset; as, a bad turnover in a carriage.

2. A semicircular pie or tart made by turning one half of a circular crust over the other, inclosing the fruit or other materials.

3. An apprentice, in any trade, who is handed over from one master to another to complete his time.

TURNOVER Turn"o`ver, a.

Defn: Admitting of being turned over; made to be turned over; as, a turnover collar, etc.

TURNPIKE Turn"pike`, n. Etym: [Turn + pike.]

1. A frame consisting of two bars crossing each other at right angles and turning on a post or pin, to hinder the passage of beasts, but admitting a person to pass between the arms; a turnstile. See Turnstile, 1. I move upon my axle like a turnpike. B. Jonson.

2. A gate or bar set across a road to stop carriages, animals, and sometimes people, till toll is paid for keeping the road in repair; a tollgate.

3. A turnpike road. De Foe.

4. A winding stairway. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

5. (Mil.)

Defn: A beam filled with spikes to obstruct passage; a cheval-de- frise. [R.] Turnpike man, a man who collects tolls at a turnpike. -- Turnpike road, a road on which turnpikes, or tollgates, are established by law, in order to collect from the users tolls to defray the cost of building, repairing, etc.

TURNPIKE Turn"pike`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Turnpiked; p. pr. & vb. n. Turnpiking.]

Defn: To form, as a road, in the manner of a turnpike road; into a rounded form, as the path of a road. Knowles.

TURNPLATE Turn"plate`, n.

Defn: A turntable.

TURN-SICK Turn"-sick`, a.

Defn: Giddy. [Obs.] Bacon.

TURN-SICK Turn"-sick`, n. (For.)

Defn: A disease with which sheep are sometimes affected; gid; sturdy. See Gid.

TURNSOLE Turn"sole`, n. Etym: [F. tournesol, It. tornasole; tornare to turn (LL. tornare) + sole the sun, L. sol. See Turn, Solar, a., and cf. Heliotrope.] [Written also turnsol.]

1. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Heliotropium; heliotrope; -- so named because its flowers are supposed to turn toward the sun. (b) The sunflower. (c) A kind of spurge (Euphorbia Helioscopia). (d) The euphorbiaceous plant Chrozophora tinctoria.

2. (Chem.) (a) Litmus. [Obs.] (b) A purple dye obtained from the plant turnsole. See def. 1 (d).

TURNSPIT Turn"spit`, n.

1. One who turns a spit; hence, a person engaged in some menial office. His lordship is his majesty's turnspit. Burke.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small breed of dogs having a long body and short crooked legs. These dogs were formerly much used for turning a spit on which meat was roasting.

TURNSTILE Turn"stile`, n.

1. A revolving frame in a footpath, preventing the passage of horses or cattle, but admitting that of persons; a turnpike. See Turnpike, n., 1.

2. A similar arrangement for registering the number of persons passing through a gateway, doorway, or the like.

TURNSTONE Turn"stone`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of limicoline birds of the genera Strepsilas and Arenaria, allied to the plovers, especially the common American and European species (Strepsilas interpres). They are so called from their habit of turning up small stones in search of mollusks and other aquatic animals. Called also brant bird, sand runner, sea quail, sea lark, sparkback, and skirlcrake. Black turnstone, the California turnstone (Arenaria melanocephala). The adult in summer is mostly black, except some white streaks on the chest and forehead, and two white loral spots.

TURNTABLE Turn"ta`ble, n.

Defn: A large revolving platform, for turning railroad cars, locomotives, etc., in a different direction; -- called also turnplate.

TURNUS Tur"nus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. Turnus, the king of the Rutuli, mentioned in the Æneid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A common, large, handsome, American swallowtail butterfly, now regarded as one of the forms of Papilio, or Jasoniades, glaucus. The wings are yellow, margined and barred with black, and with an orange- red spot near the posterior angle of the hind wings. Called also tiger swallowtail. See Illust. under Swallowtail.

TURNVEREIN Turn"ve*rein`, n. Etym: [G., from turnen to exercise + verein a union.]

Defn: A company or association of gymnasts and athletes.

TURNWREST Turn"wrest`, n. (a) Designating a cumbersome style of plow used in England, esp. in Kent. (b) designating a kind of hillside plow. [Eng.] Knight.

TURONIAN Tu*ro"ni*an, n. (Geol.)

Defn: One of the subdivisions into which the Upper Cretaceous formation of Europe is divided.

TURPENTINE Tur"pen*tine, n. Etym: [F. térébentine, OF. also turbentine; cf. Pr. terebentina, terbentina, It. terebentina, trementina; fr. L. terebinthinus of the turpentine tree, from terebinthus the turpentine tree. Gr. Terebinth.]

Defn: A semifluid or fluid oleoresin, primarily the exudation of the terebinth, or turpentine, tree (Pistacia Terebinthus), a native of the Mediterranean region. It is also obtained from many coniferous trees, especially species of pine, larch, and fir.

Note: There are many varieties of turpentine. Chian turpentine is produced in small quantities by the turpentine tree (Pistacia Terebinthus). Venice, Swiss, or larch turpentine, is obtained from Larix Europæa. It is a clear, colorless balsam, having a tendency to solidify. Canada turpentine, or Canada balsam, is the purest of all the pine turpentines (see under Balsam). The Carpathian and Hungarian varieties are derived from Pinus Cembra and Pinus Mugho. Carolina turpentine, the most abundant kind, comes from the long-leaved pine (Pinus palustris). Strasburg turpentine is from the silver fir (Abies pectinata). Oil of turpentine (Chem.), a colorless oily hydrocarbon, C10H16, of a pleasant aromatic odor, obtained by the distillation of crude turpentine. It is used in making varnishes, in medicine, etc. It is the type of the terpenes and is related to cymene. Called also terebenthene, terpene, etc. -- Turpentine moth (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small tortricid moths whose larvæ eat the tender shoots of pine and fir trees, causing an exudation of pitch or resin. -- Turpentine tree (Bot.), the terebinth tree, the original source of turpentine. See Turpentine, above.

TURPENTINE STATE Tur"pen*tine State.

Defn: North Carolina; -- a nickname alluding to its extensive production of turpentine.

TURPETH Tur"peth, n. Etym: [NL. turpethum, fr. Per. tirbid a cathartic, turbad a purgative root. Cf. Turbith.] [Written also turbeth, and turbith.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The root of Ipomoea Turpethum, a plant of Ceylon, Malabar, and Australia, formerly used in medicine as a purgative; -- sometimes called vegetable turpeth.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A heavy yellow powder, Hg3O2SO4, which consists of a basic mercuric sulphate; -- called also turpeth mineral.

TURPIN Tur"pin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A land tortoise. [Obs.]

TURPITUDE Tur"pi*tude, n. Etym: [L. turpitudo, from turpis foul, base.]

Defn: Inherent baseness or vileness of principle, words, or actions; shameful wickedness; depravity. Shak.

TURQUOISE; TURQUOIS Tur*quoise", Tur*quois", n. Etym: [F. turquoise; cf. Pr. & Sp. turquesa, It. turchese, turchina, LL. turchesius, turchina; -- so called because first brought from Turkey. See 1st Turkey.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous phosphate of alumina containing a little copper; calaite. It has a blue, or bluish green, color, and usually occurs in reniform masses with a botryoidal surface. [Formerly written also turcois, and turkois.]

Note: Turquoise is susceptible of a high polish, and when of a bright blue color is much esteemed as a gem. The finest specimens come from Persia. It is also found in New Mexico and Arizona, and is regarded as identical with the chalchihuitl of the Mexicans.

TURQUOISE Tur*quoise", a.

Defn: Having a fine light blue color, like that of choice mineral turquoise.

TURREL Tur"rel, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. touroul a little wooden instrument to fasten doors or windows.]

Defn: A certain tool used by coopers. Sherwood.

TURRET Tur"ret, n. Etym: [OE. touret, OF. tourette, dim. of tour a tower, L. turris. See Tower.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A little tower, frequently a merely ornamental structure at one of the angles of a larger structure.

2. (Anc. Mil.)

Defn: A movable building, of a square form, consisting of ten or even twenty stories and sometimes one hundred and twenty cubits high, usually moved on wheels, and employed in approaching a fortified place, for carrying soldiers, engines, ladders, casting bridges, and other necessaries.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: A revolving tower constructed of thick iron plates, within which cannon are mounted. Turrets are used on vessels of war and on land.

4. (Railroads)

Defn: The elevated central portion of the roof of a passenger car. Its sides are pierced for light and ventilation. Turret clock, a large clock adapted for an elevated position, as in the tower of a church. -- Turret head (Mach.), a vertical cylindrical revolving tool holder for bringing different tools into action successively in a machine, as in a lathe. -- Turret lathe, a turning lathe having a turret head. -- Turret ship, an ironclad war vessel, with low sides, on which heavy guns are mounted within one or more iron turrets, which may be rotated, so that the guns may be made to bear in any required direction.

TURRET DECK Tur"ret deck.

Defn: A narrow superstructure running from stem to stern on the upper deck of a steam cargo vessel having a rounded gunwale and sides curved inward convexly.

TURRETED Tur"ret*ed, a.

1. Furnished with a turret or turrets; specifically (Zoöl.), having the whorls somewhat flattened on the upper side and often ornamented by spines or tubercles; -- said of certain spiral shells.

2. Formed like a tower; as, a turreted lamp. Bacon.

TURRET STEAMER Tur"ret steam`er.

Defn: A whaleback steamer with a hatch coaming, usually about seven feet high, extending almost continuously fore and aft.

TURRIBANT Tur"ri*bant, n. Etym: [See Turban.]

Defn: A turban. [Obs.] With hundred turrets like a turribant. Spenser.

TURRICAL Tur"ric*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a turret, or tower; resembling a tower.

TURRICULATE; TURRICULATED Tur*ric"u*late, Tur*ric"u*la`ted, a. Etym: [L. turricula small tower, turret.]

Defn: Furnished with, or formed like, a small turret or turrets; somewhat turreted.

TURRILITE Tur"ri*lite, n. Etym: [L. turris tower + Gr. turrilite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: Any fossil ammonite of the genus Turrilites. The shell forms an open spiral with the later whorls separate.

TURRITELLA Tur`ri*tel"la, n. Etym: [NL., dim fr. L. turris tower.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any spiral marine gastropod belonging to Turritella and allied genera. These mollusks have an elongated, turreted shell, composed of many whorls. They have a rounded aperture, and a horny multispiral operculum.

TURRITELLOID Tur`ri*tel"loid, a. Etym: [Turritella + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the turritellas.

TURTLE Tur"tle, n. Etym: [AS. turtle, L. turtur; probably of imitative origin. Cf. Turtle the sea tortoise.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The turtledove.

TURTLE Tur"tle, n. Etym: [Probably the same word as the word preceding, and substituted (probably by sailors) for the Spanish or Portuguese name; cf. Sp. tortuga tortoise, turtle, Pg. tartaruga, also F. tortue, and E. tortoise.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of the numerous species of Testudinata, especially a sea turtle, or chelonian.

Note: In the United States the land and fresh-water tortoises are also called turtles.

2. (Printing)

Defn: The curved plate in which the form is held in a type-revolving cylinder press. Alligator turtle, Box turtle, etc. See under Alligator, Box, etc. -- green turtle (Zoöl.), a marine turtle of the genus Chelonia, having usually a smooth greenish or olive-colored shell. It is highly valued for the delicacy of its flesh, which is used especially for turtle soup. Two distinct species or varieties are known; one of which (Chelonia Midas) inhabits the warm part of the Atlantic Ocean, and sometimes weighs eight hundred pounds or more; the other (C. virgata) inhabits the Pacific Ocean. Both species are similar in habits and feed principally on seaweed and other marine plants, especially the turtle grass. -- Turtle cowrie (Zoöl.), a large, handsome cowrie (Cypræa testudinaria); the turtle-shell; so called because of its fancied resemblance to a tortoise in color and form. -- Turtle grass (Bot.), a marine plant (Thalassia testudinum) with grasslike leaves, common about the West Indies. -- Turtle shell, tortoise shell. See under Tortoise.

TURTLEBACK Tur"tle*back`, n.

1. (Archæol.) A rude stone celt of a form suggesting the back of a turtle.

2. (Naut.) A convex deck at the bow or stern of a vessel, so made to shed the seas quickly.

TURTLEDOVE Tur"tle*dove`, n. Etym: [See 1ts Turtle.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of pigeons belonging to Turtur and allied genera, native of various parts of the Old World; especially, the common European species (Turtur vulgaris), which is noted for its plaintive note, affectionate disposition, and devotion to its mate.

Note: The South African turtledove (T. albiventris), and the ashy turtledove of India (T. rubicolus), are similar to the European species in their habits.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of pigeons more or less resembling the true turtledoves, as the American mourning dove (see under Dove), and the Australian turtledove (Stictopelia cuneata).

Note: The turtledove of the Scriptures is probably Turtur risorius, a species which is still plentiful in Egypt and other Eastern countries. It is closely allied to the European turtledove.

TURTLE-FOOTED Tur"tle-foot`ed, a.

Defn: Slow-footed. [R.] "Turtle-footed Peace." Ford.

TURTLEHEAD Tur"tle*head`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An American perennial herb (Chelone glabra) having white flowers shaped like the head of a turtle. Called also snakehead, shell flower, and balmony.

TURTLE PEG Tur"tle peg.

Defn: A sharp steel spear attached to a cord, used in taking sea turtles. -- Turtle pegging.

TURTLER Tur"tler, n.

Defn: One who catches turtles or tortoises. "The Jamaica turtlers." Dampier.

TURTLE-SHELL Tur"tle-shell`, n.

Defn: The turtle cowrie.

TURTLING Tur"tling, n.

Defn: The act, practice, or art of catching turtles. Marryat.

TURVES Turves, obs.

Defn: pl. of Turf.

TUSCAN Tus"can, a. Etym: [L. Tyscanus, Tuscus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Tuscany in Italy; -- specifically designating one of the five orders of architecture recognized and described by the Italian writers of the 16th century, or characteristic of the order. The original of this order was not used by the Greeks, but by the Romans under the Empire. See Order, and Illust. of Capital.

TUSCAN Tus"can, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Tuscany.

TUSCARORAS Tus`ca*ro"ras, n. pl.; sing. Tuscarora (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of North American Indians formerly living on the Neuse and Tar rivers in North Carolina. They were conquered in 1713, after which the remnant of the tribe joined the Five Nations, thus forming the Six Nations. See Six Nations, under Six.

TUSCHE; TUSHE; TOUSCHE Tusch"e, n. Also Tushe, Tousche, etc.[G. tusche, fr. F. toucher to touch.]

Defn: A lithographic drawing or painting material of the same nature as lithographic ink. It is also used as a resistant in the biting-in process.

TUSCOR Tus"cor, n. Etym: [See Tusk.]

Defn: A tush of a horse.

TUSH Tush, interj.

Defn: An exclamation indicating check, rebuke, or contempt; as, tush, tush! do not speak of it. Tush, say they, how should God perceive it Bk. of Com. Prayer (Ps. lxxiii. 11).

TUSH Tush, n. Etym: [OE. tusch, AS. tusc; akin to OFries. tusk, tusch, and probably to AS. toedh tooth. See Tooth, and cf. Tusk.]

Defn: A long, pointed tooth; a tusk; -- applied especially to certain teeth of horses.

TUSK Tusk, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Torsk.

TUSK Tusk, n. Etym: [OE. tusk, the same word as tusch, AS. tusc. See Tush a tooth.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the elongated incisor or canine teeth of the wild boar, elephant, etc.; hence, any long, protruding tooth.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A toothshell, or Dentalium; -- called also tusk-shell.

3. (Carp.)

Defn: A projecting member like a tenon, and serving the same or a similar purpose, but composed of several steps, or offsets. Thus, in the illustration, a is the tusk, and each of the several parts, or offsets, is called a tooth.

TUSK Tusk, v. i.

Defn: To bare or gnash the teeth. [Obs.]

TUSKED Tusked, a.

Defn: Furnished with tusks. The tusked boar out of the wood. Milton.

TUSKER Tusk"er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An elephant having large tusks.

TUSK-SHELL Tusk"-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See 2d Tusk, n., 2.

TUSKY Tusk"y, a.

Defn: Having tusks. "The scar indented by the tusky oar." Dryden.

TUSSAC GRASS Tus"sac grass`.

Defn: Tussock grass.

TUSSAH; TUSSEH Tus"sah Tus"seh (tus"sa), n. [Also tussa, tussar, tusser, tussur, etc.] [Prob. fr. Hind. tasar a shuttle, Skr. tasara, trasara.]

Defn: An undomesticated East Indian silkworn (Antheræa mylitta), that feeds on the leaves of the oak and other plants.

TUSSAH SILK Tus"sah silk`. Etym: [Probably fr. Hind. tasar a shuttle, Skr. tasara, trasara.] (a) A silk cloth made from the cocoons of a caterpillar other than the common silkworm, much used in Bengal and China. (b) The silk fiber itself. [Written also tusseh silk.]

TUSSAL Tus"sal, a. [L. tussis cough.] (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or manifested by, cough.

TUSSICULAR Tus*sic"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. tussicularis, fr. tussicula, dim. of tussis a cough.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a cough. Dunglison.

TUSSIS Tus"sis, n. [L.] (Med.)

Defn: A cough.

TUSSIVE Tus"sive, a. (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to a cough; caused by coughing.

TUSSLE Tus"sle, v. i. & t. Etym: [See Tousle.]

Defn: To struggle, as in sport; to scuffle; to struggle with. [Colloq.]

TUSSLE Tus"sle, n.

Defn: A struggle; a scuffle. [Colloq.]

TUSSOCK Tus"sock, n. Etym: [From Tuz.] [Written also tussuck.]

1. A tuft, as of grass, twigs, hair, or the like; especially, a dense tuft or bunch of grass or sedge. Such laying of the hair in tussocks and tufts. Latimer.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Tussock grass, below.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A caterpillar of any one of numerous species of bombycid moths. The body of these caterpillars is covered with hairs which form long tufts or brushes. Some species are very injurious to shade and fruit trees. Called also tussock caterpillar. See Orgyia. Tussock grass. (Bot.) (a) A tall, strong grass of the genus Dactylis (D. cæspitosa), valuable for fodder, introduced into Scotland from the Falkland Islands. (b) A tufted grass (Aira cæspitosa). (c) Any kind of sedge (Carex) which forms dense tufts in a wet meadow or boggy place. -- Tussock moth (Zoöl.), the imago of any tussock caterpillar. They belong to Orgyia, Halecidota, and allied genera.

TUSSOCKY Tus"sock*y, a.

Defn: Having the form of tussocks; full of, or covered with, tussocks, or tufts.

TUSSUCK Tus"suck, n.

Defn: See Tussock. Grew.

TUT Tut.

Defn: Be still; hush; -- an exclamation used for checking or rebuking.

TUT Tut, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. tut a point, pipe, tube, Dan. tut a cornet.]

1. An imperial ensign consisting of a golden globe with a cross on it.

2. A hassock. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

TUTELAGE Tu"te*lage, n. Etym: [L. tutela protection, fr. tutus safe, fr. tueri to watch, defend. Cf. Tuition.]

1. The act of guarding or protecting; guardianship; protection; as, the king's right of seigniory and tutelage. The childhood of the European nations was passed under the tutelage of the clergy. Macaulay.

2. The state of being under a guardian; care or protection enjoyed. V. Knox.

TUTELAR; TUTELARY Tu"te*lar, Tu"te*la*ry, a. Etym: [L. tutelaris: cf. F. tutélaire. See Tutelage.]

Defn: Having the guardianship or charge of protecting a person or a thing; guardian; protecting; as, tutelary goddesses. This, of all advantages, is the greatest . . . the most tutelary of morals. Landor.

TUTELE Tu"tele, n. Etym: [L. tutela: cf. F. tutelle. See Tutelage.]

Defn: Tutelage. [Obs.] Howell.

TUTENAG Tu"te*nag, n. Etym: [F. toutenague; cf. Pg. tutenaga, tutanaga. See Tutty.] (Metal.) (a) Crude zinc. [India] (b) Packfong. [Written also tutenague.]

TUT-MOUTHED Tut"-mouthed`, a.

Defn: Having a projecting under jaw; prognathous. [Obs.] Holland.

TUT-NOSE Tut"-nose`, n.

Defn: A snub nose. [Prov. Eng.]

TUTOR Tu"tor, n. Etym: [OE. tutour, L. tutor, fr. tueri to watch, defend: cf. F. tuteur. Cf. Tuition.]

Defn: One who guards, protects, watches over, or has the care of, some person or thing. Specifically: -- (a) A treasurer; a keeper. "Tutour of your treasure." Piers Plowman. (b) (Civ. Law) One who has the charge of a child or pupil and his estate; a guardian. (c) A private or public teacher. (d) (Eng. Universities) An officer or member of some hall, who instructs students, and is responsible for their discipline. (e) (Am. Colleges) An instructor of a lower rank than a professor.

TUTOR Tu"tor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tutored; p. pr. & vb. n. Tutoring.]

1. To have the guardianship or care of; to teach; to instruct. Their sons are well tutored by you. Shak.

2. To play the tutor toward; to treat with authority or severity. Addison.

TUTORAGE Tu"tor*age (; 48), n.

Defn: The office or occupation of a tutor; tutorship; guardianship.

TUTORESS Tu"tor*ess, n.

Defn: A woman who performs the duties of a tutor; an instructress. E. Moore.

TUTORIAL Tu*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. tutorius.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a tutor; belonging to, or exercised by, a tutor.

TUTORISM Tu"tor*ism, n.

Defn: Tutorship. [R.]

TUTORIZE Tu"tor*ize, v. t.

Defn: To teach; to instruct. I . . . shall tutorize him some day. J. H. Newman.

TUTORSHIP Tu"tor*ship, n.

Defn: The office, duty, or care of a tutor; guardianship; tutelage. Hooker.

TUTORY Tu"tor*y, n.

Defn: Tutorage. [Obs.] Holinshed.

TUTRESS Tu"tress, n.

Defn: Tutoress. [Obs.] Selden.

TUTRIX Tu"trix, n. Etym: [L. See Tutor.]

Defn: A female guardian; a tutoress. [R.] Smollett.

TUTSAN Tut"san, n. Etym: [F. toutesaine; tout, toule, all (L. totus) + sain, saine, sound, healthy, L. sanus.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Hypericum (H. Androsoemum), from which a healing ointment is prepared in Spain; -- called also parkleaves.

TUTTI Tut"ti, n. pl. Etym: [It., fr. L. totus, pl. toti, all.] (Mus.)

Defn: All; -- a direction for all the singers or players to perform together. Moore (Encyc. of Music).

TUTTI-FRUTTI Tut"ti-frut`ti, n. [It., lit., all fruits.]

Defn: A confection of different kinds of preserved fruits. -- a.

Defn: Flavored with, or containing, various fruits.

TUTTY Tut"ty, n. Etym: [F. tutie; cf. Sp. tutia, atutia, LL. tutia; all from Per. tutiya.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow or brown amorphous substance obtained as a sublimation product in the flues of smelting furnaces of zinc, and consisting of a crude zinc oxide.

TUT-WORK Tut"-work`, n. (Mining)

Defn: Work done by the piece, as in nonmetaliferous rock, the amount done being usually reckoned by the fathom. Tomlinson.

TUT-WORKMAN Tut"-work`man, n.; pl. Tut-workmen (. (Mining)

Defn: One who does tut-work. Tomlinson.

TUUM Tu"um, n. [L.]

Defn: Lit., thine; that which is thine; -- used in meum and tuum. See 2d Meum.

TU-WHIT; TU-WHOO Tu-whit", Tu-whoo", n. & interj.

Defn: Words imitative of the notes of the owl. Thy tu-whits are lulled, I wot, Thy tu-whoos of yesternight. Tennyson.

TUXEDO COAT; TUXEDO Tux*e"do coat`, or Tux*e"do, n.

Defn: A kind of black coat for evening dress made without skirts; -- so named after a fashionable country club at Tuxedo Park, New York. [U. S.]

TUYERE Tu`yère", n. Etym: [F.; akin to tuyau a pipe; of Teutonic origin. Cf. Tweer, Tewel.]

Defn: A nozzle, mouthpiece, or fixture through which the blast is delivered to the interior of a blast furnace, or to the fire of a forge. [Corruptly written also tweer, and twier.] Tuyère arch, the embrasure, in the wall of a blast furnace through which the tuyère enters.

TUZ Tuz, n. Etym: [Cf. W. tusw a wisp, a bunch, tus that binds or wraps, tusiaw to bind round, to wrap. Cf. Tussock.]

Defn: A lock or tuft of hair. [Obs.] Dryden.

TUZA Tu"za, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The tucan.

TWADDELL; TWADDELL'S HYDROMETER Twad"dell, n., Twad"dell's hy*drom"e*ter. [After one Twaddell, its inventor.]

Defn: A form of hydrometer for liquids heavier than water, graduated with an arbitrary scale such that the readings when multiplied by .005 and added to unity give the specific gravity.

TWADDLE Twad"dle, v. i. & t. Etym: [See Twattle.]

Defn: To talk a weak and silly manner, like one whose faculties are decayed; to prate; to prattle. Stanyhurst.

TWADDLE Twad"dle, n.

Defn: Silly talk; gabble; fustian. I have put in this chapter on fighting . . . because of the cant and twaddle that's talked of boxing and fighting with fists now-a-days. T. Hughes.

TWADDLER Twad"dler, n.

Defn: One who prates in a weak and silly manner, like one whose faculties are decayed.

TWADDLING Twad"dling,

Defn: a. & n. from Twaddle, v.

TWADDY Twad"dy, n.

Defn: Idle trifling; twaddle.

TWAGGER Twag"ger, n.

Defn: A lamb. [Prov. Eng.]

TWAIN Twain, a. & n. Etym: [OE. twein, tweien, tweyne, AS. twegen, masc. See Two.]

Defn: Two;- nearly obsolete in common discourse, but used in poetry and burlesque. "Children twain." Chaucer. And whosoever shall compel thee to go a mile, go with him twain. Matt. v. 41. In twain, in halves; into two parts; asunder. When old winder split the rocks in twain. Dryden. -- Twain cloud. (Meteor.) Same as Cumulo-stratus.

TWAITE Twaite, n. Etym: [Prov. E.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European shad; -- called also twaite shad. See Shad.

TWAITE Twaite, n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A piece of cleared ground. See Thwaite.

TWANG Twang, n.

Defn: A tang. See Tang a state. [R.]

TWANG Twang, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Twanged; p. pr. & vb. n. Twanging.] Etym: [Of imitative origin; cf. Tang a sharp sound, Tinkle.]

Defn: To sound with a quick, harsh noise; to make the sound of a tense string pulled and suddenly let go; as, the bowstring twanged.

TWANG Twang, v. t.

Defn: To make to sound, as by pulling a tense string and letting it go suddenly. Sounds the tough horn, and twangs the quivering string. Pope.

TWANG Twang, n.

1. A harsh, quick sound, like that made by a stretched string when pulled and suddenly let go; as, the twang of a bowstring.

2. An affected modulation of the voice; a kind of nasal sound. He has such a twang in his discourse. Arbuthnot.

TWANGLE Twan"gle, v. i. & t.

Defn: To twang. While the twangling violin Struck up with Soldier-laddie. Tennyson.

TWANK Twank, v. t.

Defn: To cause to make a sharp twanging sound; to twang, or twangle. Addison.

TWANKAY Twan"kay, n.

Defn: See Note under Tea, n., 1.

'T WAS 'T was.

Defn: A contraction of it was.

TWATTLE Twat"tle, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Tattle, Twaddle.]

Defn: To prate; to talk much and idly; to gabble; to chatter; to twaddle; as, a twattling gossip. L'Estrange.

TWATTLE Twat"tle, v. t.

Defn: To make much of, as a domestic animal; to pet. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

TWATTLE Twat"tle, n.

Defn: Act of prating; idle talk; twaddle.

TWATTLER Twat"tler, n.

Defn: One who twattles; a twaddler.

TWAY Tway, a. & n. Etym: [OE. twei. See Twain.]

Defn: Two; twain. [Obs.] Spenser.

TWAYBLADE Tway"blade`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of several orchidaceous plants which have only two leaves, as the species of Listera and of Liparis. [Written also twyblade.]

TWEAG Tweag, v. t.

Defn: To tweak. [Obs.]

TWEAG; TWEAGUE Tweag, Tweague, n.

Defn: A pinching condition; perplexity; trouble; distress. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] This put the old fellow in a rare tweague. Arbuthnot.

TWEAK Tweak, v. t. Etym: [OE. twikken, originally the same word as twicchen; cf. LG. twikken. See Twitch.]

Defn: To pinch and pull with a sudden jerk and twist; to twitch; as, to tweak the nose. Shak.

TWEAK Tweak, n.

1. A sharp pinch or jerk; a twist or twitch; as, a tweak of the nose. Swift.

2. Trouble; distress; tweag. [Obs.]

3. A prostitute. [Obs.] Brathwait.

TWEED Tweed, n. Etym: [Probably a corruption of twills. See Twill.]

Defn: A soft and flexible fabric for men's wear, made wholly of wool except in some inferior kinds, the wool being dyed, usually in two colors, before weaving.

TWEEDLE Twee"dle, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Twiddle.] [Written also twidle.]

1. To handle lightly; -- said with reference to awkward fiddling; hence, to influence as if by fiddling; to coax; to allure. A fiddler brought in with him a body of lusty young fellows, whom he had tweedled into the service. Addison.

2. To twist. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

TWEEDLEDUM AND TWEEDLEDEE Twee"dle*dum` and Twee"dle*dee`.

Defn: Two things practically alike; -- a phrase coined by John Byrom (1692-1793) in his satire "On the Feuds between Handel and Bononcini."

TWEEL Tweel, n. & v.

Defn: See Twill.

TWEER Tweer, n.

Defn: Same as Tuyère.

TWEESE; TWEEZE Tweese, Tweeze, n. Etym: [OE. tweeze, tweese, fr. F. étuis, pl. of étui a case, sheath, box; probably of Teutonic origin; cf. MNG. stuche a wide sleeve in which articles could be carried, OHG. stuhha, G. stauche a short and narrow muff. Cf Etui, Tweezers.]

Defn: A surgeon's case of instruments. Howell.

TWEEZERS Twee"zers, n. pl. Etym: [See Tweese.]

Defn: Small pinchers used to pluck out hairs, and for other purposes.

TWELFTH Twelfth, a. Etym: [For twelft, OE. twelfte, AS. twelfta. See Twelve.]

1. Next in order after the eleventh; coming after eleven others; -- the ordinal of twelve.

2. Consisting, or being one of, twelve equal parts into which anything is divided.

TWELFTH Twelfth, n.

1. The quotient of a unit divided by twelve; one of twelve equal parts of one whole.

2. The next in order after the eleventh.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: An interval comprising an octave and a fifth.

TWELFTH-CAKE Twelfth" -- cake`, n.

Defn: An ornamented cake distributed among friends or visitors on the festival of Twelfth-night.

TWELFTH-DAY Twelfth"-day`, n.

Defn: See Twelfthtide.

TWELFTH-NIGHT Twelfth"-night`, n.

Defn: The evening of Epiphany, or the twelfth day after Christmas, observed as a festival by various churches.

TWELFTH-SECOND Twelfth"-sec`ond, n. (Physics)

Defn: A unit for the measurement of small intervals of time, such that 1012 (ten trillion) of these units make one second.

TWELFTHTIDE Twelfth"tide`, n.

Defn: The twelfth day after Christmas; Epiphany; -- called also Twelfth-day.

TWELVE Twelve, a. Etym: [OE. twelve, twelf, AS. twelf; akin to OFries. twelf, twelef, twilif, OS. twelif, D. twaalf, G. zwölf, OHG. zwelif, Icel. t, Sw. tolf, Dan. tolv, Goth. twalif, from the root of E. two + the same element as in the second part of E. eleven. See Two, and Eleven.]

Defn: One more that eleven; two and ten; twice six; a dozen. Twelve- men's morris. See the Note under Morris. -- Twelve Tables. (Rom. Antiq.) See under Table.

TWELVE Twelve, n.

1. The number next following eleven; the sum of ten and two, or of twice six; twelve units or objects; a dozen.

2. A symbol representing twelve units, as 12, or xii. The Twelve (Script.), the twelve apostles. Matt. xxvi. 20.

TWELVEMO Twelve"mo, a. & n.

Defn: See Duodecimo.

TWELVEMONTH Twelve"month, n.

Defn: A year which consists of twelve calendar months. I shall laugh at this a twelvemonth hence. Shak.

TWELVEPENCE Twelve"pence, n.

Defn: A shilling sterling, being about twenty-four cents.

TWELVEPENNY Twelve"pen*ny

Defn: , Sold for a shilling; worth or costing a shilling.

TWELVESCORE Twelve"score`, n. & a.

Defn: Twelve times twenty; two hundred and forty.

TWENTIETH Twen"ti*eth, a. Etym: [From Twenty; cf. AS. twentigo. See Twenty.]

1. Next in order after the nineteenth; tenth after the tenth; coming after nineteen others; -- the ordinal of twenty.

2. Consisting, or being, one of twenty equal parts into which anything is divided.

TWENTIETH Twen"ti*eth, n.

1. The next in order after the nineteen; one coming after nineteen others.

2. The quotient of a unit divided by twenty; one of twenty equal parts of one whole.

TWENTY Twen"ty, a. Etym: [OE. twenty, AS. tw, twentig; akin to OFris. twintich, OS. tw, D. & LG. twintig, OHG. zweinzug, G. zwanzig, Goth. twai tigjis; that is, two tens. See Twain, Two, and Ten.]

1. One more that nineteen; twice; as, twenty men.

2. An indefinite number more or less that twenty. Shak. Maximilian, upon twenty respects, could not have been the man. Bacon.

TWENTY Twen"ty, n.; pl. Twenties (.

1. The number next following nineteen; the sum of twelve and eight, or twice ten; twenty units or objects; a score.

2. A symbol representing twenty units, as 20, or xx.

TWENTYFOLD Twen"ty*fold`, a.

Defn: Twenty times as many.

TWENTY-FOURMO Twen`ty-four"mo, a.

Defn: Having twenty-four leaves to a sheet; as, a twenty-fourmo form, book, leaf, size, etc. -- n.

Defn: A book composed of sheets, each of which is folded into twenty- four leaves; hence, indicating more or less definitely a size of book whose sheets are so folded; -- usually written 24mo, or 24º.

TWEY Twey, a. Etym: [See Two.]

Defn: Two. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TWEYFOLD Twey"fold`, a.

Defn: Twofold. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TWIBIL Twi"bil, n. Etym: [AS. twibill; twi- (in comp.) two + bill, bil, an ax hoe, bill. See Twice, and Bill a cutting instrument.]

1. A kind of mattock, or ax; esp., a tool like a pickax, but having, instead of the points, flat terminations, one of which is parallel to the handle, the other perpendicular to it. [Prov. Eng.]

2. A tool for making mortises. [Obs.]

3. A reaping hook.

TWIBILLED Twi"billed, a.

Defn: Armed or provided with a twibil or twibils.

TWICE Twice, adv. Etym: [OE. twies (where the s is the adverbial ending; see -wards), twie, AS. twiges, twiwa; akin to twi- (in comp.) two, G. zwie-, OHG. zwi-, Icel. tvi-, L. bi-, Gr. dvi-, and E. two. See Two.]

1. Two times; once and again. He twice essayed to cast his son in gold. Dryden.

2. Doubly; in twofold quantity or degree; as, twice the sum; he is twice as fortunate as his neighbor.

Note: Twice is used in the formation of compounds, mostly self- explaining; as, twice-horn, twice-conquered, twice-planted, twice- told, and the like.

TWIDDLE Twid"dle, v. t. Etym: [Probably of imitative origin. Cf. Tweedle.]

Defn: To touch lightly, or play with; to tweedle; to twirl; as, to twiddle one's thumbs; to twiddle a watch key. [Written also twidle.] Thackeray.

TWIDDLE Twid"dle, v. i.

Defn: To play with anything; hence, to be busy about trifles. Halliwell.

TWIDDLE Twid"dle, n.

1. A slight twist with the fingers.

2. A pimple. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

TWIFALLOW Twi"fal`low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Twifallowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Twifallowing.] Etym: [AS. twi- (see Twice) two + fallow.]

Defn: To plow, or fallow, a second time (land that has been once fallowed).

TWIFOLD Twi"fold`, a. Etym: [AS. twifeadld. See Twice, and cf. Twofold.]

Defn: Twofold; double. [Obs.]

TWIG Twig, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Twigged; p. pr. & vb. n. Twigging.] Etym: [Cf. Tweak.]

Defn: To twitch; to pull; to tweak. [Obs. or Scot.]

TWIG Twig, v. t. Etym: [Gael. tuig, or Ir. tuigim I understand.]

1. To understand the meaning of; to comprehend; as, do you twig me [Colloq.] Marryat.

2. To observe slyly; also, to perceive; to discover. "Now twig him; now mind him." Foote. As if he were looking right into your eyes and twigged something there which you had half a mind to conceal. Hawthorne.

TWIG Twig, n. Etym: [AS. twig; akin to D. twijg, OHG. zwig, zwi, G. zweig, and probably to E. two.]

Defn: A small shoot or branch of a tree or other plant, of no definite length or size. The Britons had boats made of willow twigs, covered on the outside with hides. Sir T. Raleigh. Twig borer (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small beetles which bore into twigs of shrubs and trees, as the apple-tree twig borer (Amphicerus bicaudatus). -- Twig girdler. (Zoöl.) See Girdler, 3. -- Twig rush (Bot.), any rushlike plant of the genus Cladium having hard, and sometimes prickly-edged, leaves or stalks. See Saw grass, under Saw.

TWIG Twig, v. t.

Defn: To beat with twigs.

TWIGGEN Twig"gen, a.

Defn: Made of twigs; wicker. [Obs.]

TWIGGER Twig"ger, n.

Defn: A fornicator. [Eng.] Halliwell.

TWIGGY Twig"gy, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a twig or twigs; like a twig or twigs; full of twigs; abounding with shoots. " Twiggy trees." Evelyn.

TWIGHT Twight, v. t.

Defn: To twit. [Obs.] Spenser.

TWIGHT Twight, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Twitch. Chaucer.

TWIGHTE Twight"e, obs.

Defn: imp. of Twitch. Chaucer.

TWIGLESS Twig"less, a.

Defn: Having no twigs.

TWIGSOME Twig"some, a.

Defn: Full of, or abounding in, twigs; twiggy. [R.] " Twigsome trees." Dickens.

TWILIGHT Twi"light`, n. Etym: [OE. twilight, AS. twi- (see Twice) + leóht light; hence the sense of doubtful or half light; cf. LG. twelecht, G. zwielicht. See Light.]

1. The light perceived before the rising, and after the setting, of the sun, or when the sun is less than 18º below the horizon, occasioned by the illumination of the earth's atmosphere by the direct rays of the sun and their reflection on the earth.

2. faint light; a dubious or uncertain medium through which anything is viewed. As when the sun . . . from behind the moon, In dim eclipse. disastrous twilight sheds. Milton. The twilight of probability. Locke.

TWILIGHT Twi"light`, a.

1. Seen or done by twilight. Milton.

2. Imperfectly illuminated; shaded; obscure. O'er the twilight groves and dusky caves. Pope.

TWILL Twill, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Twilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Twilling.] Etym: [Scotch tweel; probably from LG. twillen to make double, from twi- two; akin to AS. twi-, E. twi- in twilight. See Twice, and cf. Tweed, Tweel.]

Defn: To weave, as cloth, so as to produce the appearance of diagonal lines or ribs on the surface.

TWILL Twill, n. Etym: [Scotch tweel. See Twill, v. t.]

1. An appearance of diagonal lines or ribs produced in textile fabrics by causing the weft threads to pass over one and under two, or over one and under three or more, warp threads, instead of over one and under the next in regular succession, as in plain weaving.

2. A fabric women with a twill.

3. Etym: [Perhaps fr. guill.]

Defn: A quill, or spool, for yarn.

TWILLY Twil"ly, n. Etym: [C. Willy.]

Defn: A machine for cleansing or loosening wool by the action of a revolving cylinder covered with long iron spikes or teeth; a willy or willying machine; -- called also twilly devil, and devil. See Devil, n., 6, and Willy. Tomlinson.

TWILT Twilt, n. Etym: [See Quilt.]

Defn: A quilt. [Prov. Eng.]

TWIN Twin, a. Etym: [OE. twin double, AS. getwinne two and two, pl., twins; akin to D. tweeling a twin, G. zwilling, OHG. zwiniling, Icel. tvennr, tvinnr, two and two, twin, and to AS. twi- two. See Twice, Two.]

1. Being one of two born at a birth; as, a twin brother or sister.

2. Being one of a pair much resembling one another; standing the relation of a twin to something else; -- often followed by to or with. Shak.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Double; consisting of two similar and corresponding parts.

4. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Composed of parts united according to some definite law of twinning. See Twin, n., 4. Twin boat, or Twin ship (Naut.), a vessel whose deck and upper works rest on two parallel hulls. -- Twin crystal. See Twin, n., 4. -- Twin flower (Bot.), a delicate evergreen plant (Linnæa borealis) of northern climates, which has pretty, fragrant, pendulous flowers borne in pairs on a slender stalk. -- Twin-screw steamer, a steam vessel propelled by two screws, one on either side of the plane of the keel.

TWIN Twin, n.

1. One of two produced at a birth, especially by an animal that ordinarily brings forth but one at a birth; -- used chiefly in the plural, and applied to the young of beasts as well as to human young.

2. pl. (Astron.)

Defn: A sign and constellation of the zodiac; Gemini. See Gemini.

3. A person or thing that closely resembles another.

4. (Crystallog.)

Defn: A compound crystal composed of two or more crystals, or parts of crystals, in reversed position with reference to each other.

Note: The relative position of the parts of a twin may be explained by supposing one part to be revolved 180º about a certain axis (called the twinning axis), this axis being normal to a plane (called the twinning plane) which is usually one of the fundamental planes of the crystal. This revolution brings the two parts into parallel position, or vice versa. A contact twin is one in which the parts are united by a plane surface, called the composition face, which is usually the same as the twinning plane. A penetration twin is one in which the parts interpenetrate each other, often very irregularly. Twins are also called, according to form, cruciform, geniculated, etc.

TWIN Twin, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Twinned; p. pr. & vb. n. Twinning.]

1. To bring forth twins. Tusser.

2. To be born at the same birth. Shak.

TWIN Twin, v. t.

1. To cause to be twins, or like twins in any way. Shak. Still we moved Together, twinned, as horse's ear and eye. Tennyson.

2. To separate into two parts; to part; to divide; hence, to remove; also, to strip; to rob. [Obs.] The life out of her body for to twin. Chaucer.

TWIN Twin, v. i.

Defn: To depart from a place or thing. [Obs.] "Ere that we farther twin." Chaucer.

TWINBORN Twin"born`, a.

Defn: Born at the same birth.

TWINE Twine, n. Etym: [AS. twin, properly, a twisted or double thread; akin to D. twijn, Icel. twinni; from twi-. See Twice, and cf. Twin.]

1. A twist; a convolution. Typhon huge, ending in snaky twine. Milton.

2. A strong thread composed of two or three smaller threads or strands twisted together, and used for various purposes, as for binding small parcels, making nets, and the like; a small cord or string.

3. The act of twining or winding round. J. Philips. Twine reeler, a kind of machine for twisting twine; a kind of mule, or spinning machine.

TWINE Twine, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Twined; p. pr. & vb. n. Twining.] Etym: [OE. twinen, fr. AS. twin a twisted thread; akin to D. twijnen to twine, Icel. & Sw. tvinna, Dan. tvinde. See Twine, n.]

1. To twist together; to form by twisting or winding of threads; to wreathe; as, fine twined linen.

2. To wind, as one thread around another, or as any flexible substance around another body. Let me twine Mine arms about that body. Shak.

3. To wind about; to embrace; to entwine. Let wreaths of triumph now my temples twine. Pope.

4. To change the direction of. [Obs.] Fairfax.

5. To mingle; to mix. [Obs.] Crashaw.

TWINE Twine, v. i.

1. To mutually twist together; to become mutually involved.

2. To wind; to bend; to make turns; to meander. As rivers, though they bend and twine, Still to the sea their course incline. Swift.

3. To turn round; to revolve. [Obs.] Chapman.

4. To ascend in spiral lines about a support; to climb spirally; as, many plants twine.

TWINER Twin"er, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant which twines about a support.

TWINGE Twinge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Twinged; p. pr. & vb. n. Twinging.] Etym: [OE. twengen, AS. twengan; akin to OE. twingen to pain, afflict, OFries. thwinga, twinga, dwinga, to constrain, D. dwingen, OS. thwingan, G. zwingen, OHG. dwingan, thwingan, to press, oppress, overcome, Icel. þvinga, Sw. tvinga to subdue, constrain, Dan. twinge, and AS. þün to press, OHG. duhen, and probably to E. thong. Perhaps influenced by twitch. Cf. Thong.]

1. To pull with a twitch; to pinch; to tweak. When a man is past his sense, There's no way to reduce him thence, But twinging him by the ears or nose, Or laying on of heavy blows. Hudibras.

2. To affect with a sharp, sudden pain; to torment with pinching or sharp pains. The gnat . . . twinged him [the lion] till he made him tear himself, and so mastered him. L'Estrange.

TWINGE Twinge, v. i.

Defn: To have a sudden, sharp, local pain, like a twitch; to suffer a keen, darting, or shooting pain; as, the side twinges.

TWINGE Twinge, n.

1. A pinch; a tweak; a twitch. A master that gives you . . . twinges by the ears. L' Estrange.

2. A sudden sharp pain; a darting local pain of momentary continuance; as, a twinge in the arm or side. " A twinge for my own sin." Dryden.

TWINING Twin"ing, a.

Defn: Winding around something; twisting; embracing; climbing by winding about a support; as, the hop is a twinning plant.

TWINING Twin"ing, a.

Defn: The act of one who, or that which, twines; (Bot.) the act of climbing spirally.

TWINK Twink, v. i. Etym: [OE. twinken. See Twinkle.]

Defn: To twinkle. [Obs.]

TWINK Twink, n.

1. A wink; a twinkling. [Obs.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chaffinch. [Prov. Eng.]

TWINKLE Twin"kle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Twinkled; p. pr. & vb. n. Twinkling.] Etym: [OE. twinklen, AS. twinclian; akin to OE. twinken to blink, wink, G. zwinken, zwinkern, and perhaps to E. twitch.]

1. To open and shut the eye rapidly; to blink; to wink. The owl fell a moping and twinkling. L' Estrange.

2. To shine with an intermitted or a broken, quavering light; to flash at intervals; to sparkle; to scintillate. These stars not twinkle when viewed through telescopes that have large apertures. Sir I. Newton. The western sky twinkled with stars. Sir W. Scott.

TWINKLE Twin"kle, n.

1. A closing or opening, or a quick motion, of the eye; a wink or sparkle of the eye. Suddenly, with twinkle of her eye, The damsel broke his misintended dart. Spenser.

2. A brief flash or gleam, esp. when rapidly repeated.

3. The time of a wink; a twinkling. Dryden.

TWINKLER Twin"kler, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, twinkles, or winks; a winker; an eye.

TWINKLING Twin"kling, n.

1. The act of one who, or of that which, twinkles; a quick movement of the eye; a wink; a twinkle. Holland.

2. A shining with intermitted light; a scintillation; a sparkling; as, the twinkling of the stars.

3. The time of a wink; a moment; an instant. In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump, . . . the dead shall be raised incorruptible. 1 Cor. xv. 52.

TWINLEAF Twin"leaf`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Jeffersonia.

TWINLIKE Twin"like`, a.

Defn: Closely resembling; being a counterpart. -- Twin"like`ness, n.

TWINLING Twin"ling, n. Etym: [Twin + 1st -ling.]

Defn: A young or little twin, especially a twin lamb.

TWINNED Twinned, a. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Composed of parts united according to a law of twinning. See Twin, n., 4.

TWINNER Twin"ner, n.

Defn: One who gives birth to twins; a breeder of twins. Tusser.

TWINNING Twin"ning, n. (Crystallog.)

Defn: The assemblage of two or more crystals, or parts of crystals, in reversed position with reference to each other in accordance with some definite law; also, rarely, in artificial twinning (accomplished for example by pressure), the process by which this reversal is brought about. Polysynthetic twinning, repeated twinning of crystal lamellæ, as that of the triclinic feldspars. -- Repeated twinning, twinning of more than two crystals, or parts of crystals. -- Twinning axis, Twinning plane. See the Note under Twin, n.

TWINTER Twin"ter, n. Etym: [AS. twi- + winter winter. See Twice, and Winter.]

Defn: A domestic animal two winters old. [Prov. Eng.]

TWIRE Twire, n. Etym: [Cf. D. tweern, G. zwirn, and E. twine.]

Defn: A twisted filament; a thread. [Obs.] Locke.

TWIRE Twire, v. i. Etym: [Cf. MHG. zwieren, E. thwart, and queer.]

1. To peep; to glance obliquely; to leer. [Obs.] Which maids will twire 'tween their fingers. B. Jonson. I saw the wench that twired and twinkled at thee. Beau. & Fl.

2. To twinkle; to glance; to gleam. [Obs.] When sparkling stars twire not. Shak.

TWIRE Twire, v. i.

Defn: To sing, or twitter. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TWIRE-PIPE Twire"-pipe`, n.

Defn: A vagabond musician. [Obs.] You are an ass, a twire-pipe. Beau. & Fl. You looked like Twire-pipe, the taborer. Chapman.

TWIRL Twirl, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Twirled; p. pr. & vb. n. Twirling.] Etym: [Cf. AS. þwiril a churn staff, a stirrer, flail, þweran, aþweran, to agitate, twirl, G. zwirlen, quirlen, to twirl, to turn round or about, quirl a twirling stick, OHG. dweran to twirl, stir. Cf. Trowel.]

Defn: To move or turn round rapidly; to whirl round; to move and turn rapidly with the fingers. See ruddy maids, Some taught with dexterous hand to twirl the wheel. Dodsley. No more beneath soft eve's consenting star Fandango twirls his jocund castanet. Byron.

TWIRL Twirl, v. i.

Defn: To revolve with velocity; to be whirled round rapidly.

TWIRL Twirl, n.

1. The act of twirling; a rapid circular motion; a whirl or whirling; quick rotation.

2. A twist; a convolution. Woodward.

TWIST Twist, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Twisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Twisting.] Etym: [OE. twisten, AS. twist a rope, as made of two (twisted) strands, fr. twi- two; akin to D. twist a quarrel, dissension, G. zwist, Dan. & Sw. tvist, Icel. twistr the deuce in cards, tvistr distressed. See Twice, Two.]

1. To contort; to writhe; to complicate; to crook spirally; to convolve. Twist it into a serpentine form. Pope.

2. Hence, to turn from the true form or meaning; to pervert; as, to twist a passage cited from an author.

3. To distort, as a solid body, by turning one part relatively to another about an axis passing through both; to subject to torsion; as, to twist a shaft.

4. To wreathe; to wind; to encircle; to unite by intertexture of parts. "Longing to twist bays with that ivy." Waller. There are pillars of smoke twisted about wreaths of flame. T. Burnet.

5. To wind into; to insinuate; -- used reflexively; as, avarice twists itself into all human concerns.

6. To unite by winding one thread, strand, or other flexible substance, round another; to form by convolution, or winding separate things round each other; as, to twist yarn or thread. Shak.

7. Hence, to form as if by winding one part around another; to wreathe; to make up. Was it not to this end That thou began'st to twist so fine a story Shak.

8. To form into a thread from many fine filaments; as, to twist wool or cotton.

TWIST Twist, v. i.

1. To be contorted; to writhe; to be distorted by torsion; to be united by winding round each other; to be or become twisted; as, some strands will twist more easily than others.

2. To follow a helical or spiral course; to be in the form of a helix.

TWIST Twist, n.

1. The act of twisting; a contortion; a flexure; a convolution; a bending. Not the least turn or twist in the fibers of any one animal which does not render them more proper for that particular animal's way of life than any other cast or texture. Addison.

2. The form given in twisting. [He] shrunk at first sight of it; he found fault with the length, the thickness, and the twist. Arbuthnot.

3. That which is formed by twisting, convoluting, or uniting parts. Specifically: -- (a) A cord, thread, or anything flexible, formed by winding strands or separate things round each other. (b) A kind of closely twisted, strong sewing silk, used by tailors, saddlers, and the like. (c) A kind of cotton yarn, of several varieties. (d) A roll of twisted dough, baked. (e) A little twisted roll of tobacco. (f) (Weaving) One of the threads of a warp, -- usually more tightly twisted than the filling. (g) (Firearms)

Defn: A material for gun barrels, consisting of iron and steel twisted and welded together; as, Damascus twist. (h) (Firearms & Ord.) The spiral course of the rifling of a gun barrel or a cannon. (i) A beverage made of brandy and gin. [Slang]

4. Etym: [OE.; -- so called as being a two-forked branch. See Twist, v. t.]

Defn: A twig. [Obs.] Chaucer. Fairfax. Gain twist, or Gaining twist (Firearms), twist of which the pitch is less, and the inclination greater, at the muzzle than at the breech. -- Twist drill, a drill the body of which is twisted like that of an auger. See Illust. of Drill. -- Uniform twist (Firearms), a twist of which the spiral course has an equal pitch throughout.

TWISTE Twist"e, obs.

Defn: imp. of Twist. Chaucer.

TWISTED Twist"ed, a.

Defn: Contorted; crooked spirally; subjected to torsion; hence, perverted. Twisted curve (Geom.), a curve of double curvature. See Plane curve, under Curve. -- Twisted surface (Geom.), a surface described by a straight line moving according to any law whatever, yet so that the consecutive positions of the line shall not be in one plane; a warped surface.

TWISTER Twist"er, n.

1. One who twists; specifically, the person whose occupation is to twist or join the threads of one warp to those of another, in weaving.

2. The instrument used in twisting, or making twists. He, twirling his twister, makes a twist of the twine. Wallis.

3. (Carp.)

Defn: A girder. Craig.

4. (Man.)

Defn: The inner part of the thigh, the proper place to rest upon when on horseback. Craig.

TWISTICAL Twist"ic*al, a.

Defn: Crooked; tortuous; hence, perverse; unfair; dishonest. [Slang, U. S.] Bartlett.

TWISTING Twist"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Twist. Twisting pair. (Kinematics) See under Pair, n., 7.

TWIT Twit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Twitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Twitting.] Etym: [OE. atwiten, AS. ætwitan to reproach, blame; æt at + witan to reproach, blame; originally, to observe, see, hence, to observe what is wrong (cf. the meanings of E. animadvert; akin to G. verweisen to censure, OHG. firwizan, Goth. traweitan to avenge, L. videre to see. See Vision, Wit.]

Defn: To vex by bringing to notice, or reminding of, a fault, defect, misfortune, or the like; to revile; to reproach; to upbraid; to taunt; as, he twitted his friend of falsehood. This these scoffers twitted the Christian with. Tillotson. Æsop minds men of their errors, without twitting them for what is amiss. L'Estrange.

TWITCH Twitch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Twitched; p. pr. & vb. n. Twitching.] Etym: [OE. twicchen, fr. (doubtful) AS. twiccian; akin to AS. angeltwicca a worm used for bait, literally, a hook twitcher, LG. twikken to tweak, G. zwicken. Cf. Tweak.]

Defn: To pull with a sudden jerk; to pluck with a short, quick motion; to snatch; as, to twitch one by the sleeve; to twitch a thing out of another's hand; to twitch off clusters of grapes. Thrice they twitched the diamond in her ear. Pope.

TWITCH Twitch, n.

1. The act of twitching; a pull with a jerk; a short, sudden, quick pull; as, a twitch by the sleeve.

2. A short, spastic contraction of the fibers or muscles; a simple muscular contraction; as, convulsive twitches; a twitch in the side.

3. (Far.)

Defn: A stick with a hole in one end through which passes a loop, which can be drawn tightly over the upper lip or an ear of a horse. By twisting the stick the compression is made sufficiently painful to keep the animal quiet during a slight surgical operation. J. H. Walsh.

TWITCHER Twitch"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, twitches.

TWITCH GRASS Twitch" grass`. (Bot.)

Defn: See Quitch grass.

TWITE Twite, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The European tree sparrow. (b) The mountain linnet (Linota flavirostris). [Prov. Eng.]

TWITLARK Twit"lark`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The meadow pipit. [Prov. Eng.]

TWITTER Twit"ter, n. Etym: [From Twit.]

Defn: One who twits, or reproaches; an upbraider.

TWITTER Twit"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Twittered; p. pr. & vb. n. Twittering.] Etym: [OE. twiteren; of imitative origin; cf. G. zwitschern, OHG. zwizzir, D. kwetteren, Sw. qwitra, Dan. quiddre. Cf. Titter.]

1. To make a succession of small, tremulous, intermitted noises. The swallow twittering from the straw-built shed. Gray.

2. To make the sound of a half-suppressed laugh; to titter; to giggle. J. Fletcher.

3. Etym: [Perhaps influenced by twitch.]

Defn: To have a slight trembling of the nerves; to be excited or agitated.

TWITTER Twit"ter, v. t.

Defn: To utter with a twitter. Cowper.

TWITTER Twit"ter, n.

1. The act of twittering; a small, tremulous, intermitted noise, as that made by a swallow.

2. A half-suppressed laugh; a fit of laughter partially restrained; a titter; a giggle. Hudibras.

3. A slight trembling or agitation of the nerves.

TWITTERING Twit"ter*ing, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, twitters.

2. A slight nervous excitement or agitation, such as is caused by desire, expectation, or suspense. A widow, who had a twittering towards a second husband, took a gossiping companion to manage the job. L'Estrange.

TWITTINGLY Twit"ting*ly, adv.

Defn: In a twitting manner; with upbraiding.

TWITTLE-TWATTLE Twit"tle-twat`tle, n. Etym: [See Twattle.]

Defn: Tattle; gabble. L'Estrange.

'TWIXT 'Twixt.

Defn: An abbreviation of Betwixt, used in poetry, or in colloquial language.

'TWIXT-BRAIN 'Twixt"-brain`, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The thalamen

TWO Two, a. Etym: [OE. two, twa, properly fem. & neut., twei, twein, tweien, properly masc. (whence E. twain), AS. twa, fem. & neut., tw, masc., t, neut.; akin to OFries. tw, masc., twa, fem. & neut., OS. tw, masc., twa, fem., tw, neut., D. twee, OHG. zw, zw, zwei, G. zwei, Icel. tveir, tvær, tvau, Sw. två, Dan. to, Goth. twai, tw, twa; Lith. du, Russ. dva, Ir. & Gael. da, W. dau, dwy, L. duo, Gr. dva. Balance, Barouche, Between, Bi-, Combine, Deuce two in cards, Double, Doubt, Dozen, Dual, Duet, Dyad, Twain, Twelve, Twenty, Twice, Twilight, Twig, Twine, n., Twist.]

Defn: One and one; twice one. "Two great lights." Gen. i. 16. "Two black clouds." Milton.

Note: Two is often joined with other words, forming compounds signifying divided into, consisting of, or having, two parts, divisions, organs, or the like; as two-bladed, two-celled, two-eared, two-flowered, twohand, two-headed, two-horse, two-leafed or two- leaved, two-legged, two-lobed, two-masted, two-named, two-part, two- petaled, two-pronged, two-seeded, two-sided, two-story, two-stringed, two-foothed, two-valved, two-winged, and the like. One or two, a phrase often used indefinitely for a small number.

TWO Two, n.

1. The sum of one; the number next greater than one, and next less than three; two units or objects.

2. A symbol representing two units, as 2, II., or ii. In two, asunder; into parts; in halves; in twain; as, cut in two.

TWO-CAPSULED Two"-cap`suled, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having two distinct capsules; bicapsular.

TWO-CLEFT Two"-cleft`, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Divided about half way from the border to the base into two segments; bifid.

TWO-CYCLE Two"-cy`cle, n. (Thermodynamics)

Defn: A two-stroke cycle for an internal-combustion engine. --Two"- cy`cle, a.

TWO-DECKER Two"-deck`er, n.

Defn: A vessel of war carrying guns on two decks.

TWO-EDGED Two"-edged`, a.

Defn: Having two edges, or edges on both sides; as, a two-edged sword.

TWOFOLD Two"fold`, a. Etym: [Cf. Twifold.]

Defn: Double; duplicate; multiplied by two; as, a twofold nature; a twofold sense; a twofold argument.

TWOFOLD Two"fold`, adv.

Defn: In a double degree; doubly.

TWO-FOOT Two"-foot`, a.

Defn: Measuring two feet; two feet long, thick, or wide; as, a two- foot rule.

TWO-FORKED Two"-forked`, a.

Defn: Divided into two parts, somewhat after the manner of a fork; dichotomous.

TWO-HAND Two"-hand`, a.

Defn: Employing two hangs; as, the two-hand alphabet. See Dactylology.

TWO-HANDED Two"-hand`ed, a.

1. Having two hands; -- often used as an epithet equivalent to large, stout, strong, or powerful. "Two-handed sway." Milton.

2. Used with both hands; as, a two-nanded sword. That two-handed engine [the sword]. Milton.

3. Using either hand equally well; ambidextrous.

TWO-LIPPED Two"-lipped`, a.

1. Having two lips.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Divided in such a manner as to resemble the two lips when the mouth is more or less open; bilabiate.

TWO-NAME Two"-name`, a. (Banking)

Defn: Having or bearing two names; as, two-name paper, that is, negotiable paper on which at least two persons are severally liable as separate makers, or, usually, one as maker and one as indorser. [Colloq.]

TWO-PARTED Two"-part`ed, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Divided from the border to the base into two distinct parts; bipartite.

TWO-PARTED Two"-part`ed, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Divided from the border to the base into two distinct parts; bipartite.

TWOPENCE Two"pence, n.

Defn: A small coin, and money of account, in England, equivalent to two pennies, -- minted to a fixed annual amount, for almsgiving by the sovereign on Maundy Thursday.

TWOPENNY Two"pen*ny, a.

Defn: Of the value of twopence.

TWO-PHASE; TWO-PHASER Two"-phase`, a., Two"-phas`er, n. (Elec.)

Defn: Same as Diphase, Diphaser.

TWO-PLY Two"-ply`, a.

1. Consisting of two thicknesses, as cloth; double.

2. Woven double, as cloth or carpeting, by incorporating two sets of warp thread and two of weft.

TWO-PORT Two"-port`, a.

Defn: Having two ports; specif.: Designating a type of two-cycle internal-combustion engine in which the admission of the mixture to the crank case is through a suction valve.

TWO-RANKED Two"-ranked`, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Alternately disposed on exactly opposite sides of the stem so as to from two ranks; distichous.

TWO-SIDED Two"-sid`ed, a.

1. Having two sides only; hence, double-faced; hypocritical.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Symmetrical.

TWO-SPEED Two"-speed`, a.

Defn: Adapted for producing or for receiving either of two speeds; -- said of a power-transmitting device.

TWO-STEP Two"-step`, n.

Defn: A kind of round dance in march or polka time; also, a piece of music for this dance. [U. S.]

TWO-THROW Two"-throw`, a. (Mach.) (a) Capable of being thrown or cranked in two directions, usually opposite to one another; as, a two-throw crank; a two-throw switch. (b) Having two crank set near together and opposite to one another; as, a two-throw crank shaft.

TWO-TONGUED Two"-tongued`, a.

Defn: Double-tongued; deceitful. Sandys.

TWO-TO-ONE Two"-to-one", a. (Mach.)

Defn: Designating, or pert. to, a gear for reducing or increasing a velocity ratio two to one.

TWO-WAY Two"-way`, a. (Pipe Fitting)

Defn: Serving to connect at will one pipe or channel with either of two others; as, a two-way cock.

TWYBLADE Twy"blade`, n.

Defn: See Twayblade.

TY-ALL Ty"-all`, n.

Defn: Something serving to tie or secure. [Obs.] Latimer.

TYBURN TICKET Ty"burn tick`et. Etym: [So called in allusion to Tyburn, formerly a place of execution in England.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A certificate given to one who prosecutes a felon to conviction, exempting him from certain parish and ward offices.

TYCHISM Ty"chism, n. [Gr. ty`chh fortune, chance + -ism.]

Defn: Any theory which conceives chance as an objective reality; esp., a theory of evolution which considers that variation may be purely fortuitous.

TYCHONIC Ty*chon"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Tycho Brahe, or his system of astronomy.

TYCOON Ty*coon", n. Etym: [Chinese tai-kun great prince.]

Defn: The title by which the shogun, or former commander in chief of the Japanese army, was known to foreigners.

TYDY Ty"dy, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Tidy.

TYE Tye, n.

1. A knot; a tie. [R.] See Tie.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A chain or rope, one end of which passes through the mast, and is made fast to the center of a yard; the other end is attached to a tackle, by means of which the yard is hoisted or lowered.

3. (Mining)

Defn: A trough for washing ores. Knight.

TYE Tye, v. t.

Defn: See Tie, the proper orthography.

TYER Ty"er, n.

Defn: One who ties, or unites. [R.]

TYFOON Ty*foon", n.

Defn: See Typhoon.

TYGER Ty"ger, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tiger. [Obs.]

TYING Ty"ing,

Defn: p. pr. of Tie.

TYING Ty"ing, n. (Mining)

Defn: The act or process of washing ores in a buddle.

TYKE Tyke, n.

Defn: See 2d Tike.

TYLARUS Ty"la*rus, n.; pl. Tylari. Etym: [NL., fr.Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the pads on the under surface of the toes of birds.

TYLER Ty"ler, n.

Defn: See 2d Tiler.

TYLOPODA Ty*lop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of ungulates comprising the camels.

TYLOSIS Ty*lo"sis, n.; pl. Tyloses. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: An intrusion of one vegetable cell into the cavity of another, sometimes forming there an irregular mass of cells. Goodale.

TYMBAL Tym"bal, n. Etym: [F. timbale, Sp. timbal; cf. atabal; probably of Arabic origin. Cf. Atabal, Timbrel.]

Defn: A kind of kettledrum. [Written also trimbal.] A tymbal's sound were better than my voice. Prior.

TYMP Tymp, n. Etym: [Cf. Tympan.] (Blast Furnace)

Defn: A hollow water-cooled iron casting in the upper part of the archway in which the dam stands.

TYMPAN Tym"pan, n. Etym: [F., fr. tympanum a kettledrum, a panel of a door. See Tympanum, and cf. Tymp.]

1. A drum. [Obs.]

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A panel; a tympanum.

3. (Print.)

Defn: A frame covered with parchment or cloth, on which the blank sheets are put, in order to be laid on the form to be impressed. Tympan sheet (Print.), a sheet of paper of the same size as that to be printed, pasted on the tympan, and serving as a guide in laying the sheets evenly for printing. W. Savage.

TYMPANAL Tym"pa*nal, n.

Defn: Tympanic.

TYMPANIC Tym*pan"ic, a. Etym: [See Tympanum.]

1. Like a tympanum or drum; acting like a drumhead; as, a tympanic membrane.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the tympanum. Tympanic bone (Anat.), a bone of the skull which incloses a part of the tympanum and supports the tympanic membrane. -- Tympanic membrane. (Anat.) See the Note under Ear.

TYMPANIC Tym*pan"ic, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The tympanic bone.

TYMPANIST Tym"pa*nist, n. Etym: [L. tympaniste, Gr.

Defn: One who beats a drum. [R.]

TYMPANITES Tym`pa*ni"tes, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A flatulent distention of the belly; tympany.

TYMPANITIC Tym`pa*nit"ic, a. Etym: [L. tympaniticus one afflicted with tympanites.] (Med.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or affected with, tympanites.

TYMPANITIS Tym`pa*ni"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Tympanum, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the lining membrane of the middle ear.

TYMPANIZE Tym"pa*nize, v. i. Etym: [L. tympanizare to beat a drum, Gr.

Defn: To drum. [R.] Coles.

TYMPANIZE Tym"pa*nize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tympanized; p. pr. & vb. n. Tympanizing.]

Defn: To stretch, as a skin over the head of a drum; to make into a drum or drumhead, or cause to act or sound like a drum. [Obs.] "Tympanized, as other saints of God were." Oley.

TYMPANO Tym"pa*no, n.; pl. Tympani. Etym: [It. timpano. See Tympanum.] (Mus.)

Defn: A kettledrum; -- chiefly used in the plural to denote the kettledrums of an orchestra. See Kettledrum. [Written also timpano.]

TYMPANO- Tym"pa*no-.

Defn: A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, the tympanum; as in tympanohyal, tympano-Eustachian.

TYMPANOHYAL Tym`pa*no*hy"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the tympanum and the hyoidean arch. -- n.

Defn: The proximal segment in the hyoidean arch, becoming a part of the styloid process of the temporal bone in adult man.

TYMPANUM Tym"pa*num, n.; pl. E. Tympanums, L. Tympana. Etym: [L., a kettledrum, a drum or wheel in machines, the triangular area in a pediment, the panel of a door, Gr. Type, and cf. Timbrel.]

1. (Anat.) (a) The ear drum, or middle ear. Sometimes applied incorrectly to the tympanic membrane. See Ear. (b) A chamber in the anterior part of the syrinx of birds.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the naked, inflatable air sacs on the neck of the prairie chicken and other species of grouse.

3. (Arch.) (a) The recessed face of a pediment within the frame made by the upper and lower cornices, being usually a triangular space or table. (b) The space within an arch, and above a lintel or a subordinate arch, spanning the opening below the arch.

4. (Mech.)

Defn: A drum-shaped wheel with spirally curved partitions by which water is raised to the axis when the wheel revolves with the lower part of the circumference submerged, -- used for raising water, as for irrigation.

TYMPANY Tym"pa*ny, n. Etym: [Gr. Tympanites.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A flatulent distention of the belly; tympanites. Fuller.

2. Hence, inflation; conceit; bombast; turgidness. "Thine 's a tympany of sense." Dryden. A plethoric a tautologic tympany of sentence. De Quincey.

TYND Tynd, v. t. Etym: [See Tine to shut in.]

Defn: To shut; to close. [Obs.] Wyclif.

TYNE Tyne, v. t. Etym: [Icel. t.]

Defn: To lose. [Obs. or Scot.] "His bliss gan he tyne." Piers Plowman. Sir W. Scott.

TYNE Tyne, v. i.

Defn: To become lost; to perish. [Obs.] Spenser.

TYNE Tyne, n. Etym: [See Tine a prong.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A prong or point of an antler.

TYNE Tyne, n. Etym: [See Teen, n.]

Defn: Anxiety; tine. [Obs.] "With labor and long tyne." Spenser.

TYNY Ty"ny, a. Etym: [See Tiny.]

Defn: Small; tiny. [Obs.]

TYPAL Typ"al, a.

Defn: Relating to a type or types; belonging to types; serving as a type; typical. Owen.

-TYPE -type. Etym: [See Type, n.]

Defn: A combining form signifying impressed form; stamp; print; type; typical form; representative; as in stereotype phototype, ferrotype, monotype.

TYPE Type, n. Etym: [F. type; cf. It. tipo, from L. typus a figure, image, a form, type, character, Gr. tup to hurt.]

1. The mark or impression of something; stamp; impressed sign; emblem. The faith they have in tennis, and tall stockings, Short blistered breeches, and those types of travel. Shak.

2. Form or character impressed; style; semblance. Thy father bears the type of king of Naples. Shak.

3. A figure or representation of something to come; a token; a sign; a symbol; -- correlative to antitype. A type is no longer a type when the thing typified comes to be actually exhibited. South.

4. That which possesses or exemplifies characteristic qualities; the representative. Specifically: (a) (Biol.)

Defn: A general form or structure common to a number of individuals; hence, the ideal representation of a species, genus, or other group, combining the essential characteristics; an animal or plant possessing or exemplifying the essential characteristics of a species, genus, or other group. Also, a group or division of animals having a certain typical or characteristic structure of body maintained within the group. Since the time of Cuvier and Baer . . . the whole animal kingdom has been universally held to be divisible into a small number of main divisions or types. Haeckel. (b) (Fine Arts)

Defn: The original object, or class of objects, scene, face, or conception, which becomes the subject of a copy; esp., the design on the face of a medal or a coin. (c) (Chem.) A simple compound, used as a mode or pattern to which other compounds are conveniently regarded as being related, and from which they may be actually or theoretically derived.

Note: The fundamental types used to express the simplest and most essential chemical relations are hydrochloric acid, HCl; water, H2O; ammonia, NH3; and methane, CH4.

5. (Typog.) (a) A raised letter, figure, accent, or other character, cast in metal or cut in wood, used in printing. (b) Such letters or characters, in general, or the whole quantity of them used in printing, spoken of collectively; any number or mass of such letters or characters, however disposed.

Note: Type are mostly made by casting type metal in a mold, though some of the larger sizes are made from maple, mahogany, or boxwood. In the cut, a is the body; b, the face, or part from which the impression is taken; c, the shoulder, or top of the body; d, the nick (sometimes two or more are made), designed to assist the compositor in distinguishing the bottom of the face from the top; e, the groove made in the process of finishing, -- each type as cast having attached to the bottom of the body a jet, or small piece of metal (formed by the surplus metal poured into the mold), which, when broken off, leaves a roughness that requires to be removed. The fine lines at the top and bottom of a letter are technically called ceriphs, and when part of the face projects over the body, as in the letter f, the projection is called a kern. The type which compose an ordinary book font consist of Roman CAPITALS, small capitals, and lower-case letters, and Italic CAPITALS and lower-case letters, with accompanying figures, points, and reference marks, -- in all about two hundred characters. Including the various modern styles of fancy type, some three or four hundred varieties of face are made. Besides the ordinary Roman and Italic, some of the most important of the varieties are -- Old English. Black Letter. Old Style. French Elzevir. Boldface. Antique. Clarendon. Gothic. Typewriter. Script. The smallest body in common use is diamond; then follow in order of size, pearl, agate, nonpareil, minion, brevier, bourgeois (or two-line diamond), long primer (or two-line pearl), small pica (or two-line agate), pica (or two-line nonpareil), English (or two-line minion), Columbian (or two- line brevier), great primer (two-line bourgeois), paragon (or two- line long primer), double small pica (or two-line small pica), double pica (or two-line pica), double English (or two-line English), double great primer (or two-line great primer), double paragon (or two-line paragon), canon (or two-line double pica). Above this, the sizes are called five-line pica, six-line pica, seven-line pica, and so on, being made mostly of wood. The following alphabets show the different sizes up to great primer. Brilliant . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Diamond . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Pearl . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Agate . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Nonpareil . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Minion . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Brevier . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Bourgeois . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Long primer . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Small pica . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Pica . . . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz English . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Columbian . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Great primer . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz The foregoing account is conformed to the designations made use of by American type founders, but is substantially correct for England. Agate, however, is called ruby, in England, where, also, a size intermediate between nonpareil and minion is employed, called emerald. Point system of type bodies (Type Founding), a system adopted by the type founders of the United States by which the various sizes of type have been so modified and changed that each size bears an exact proportional relation to every other size. The system is a modification of a French system, and is based on the pica body. This pica body is divided into twelfths, which are termed "points," and every type body consist of a given number of these points. Many of the type founders indicate the new sizes of type by the number of points, and the old names are gradually being done away with. By the point system type founders cast type of a uniform size and height, whereas formerly fonts of pica or other type made by different founders would often vary slightly so that they could not be used together. There are no type in actual use corresponding to the smaller theoretical sizes of the point system. In some cases, as in that of ruby, the term used designates a different size from that heretofore so called. 1 American 9 Bourgeois | | 1| 2 Saxon 10 Long Primer | | 2| 3 Brilliant 11 Small Pica | | 3| | 4 Excelsior | 4| | 5 Pearl 16 Columbian | | 5| 6 Nonpareil 18 Great Primer | | 7 Minion | 8 Brevier 20 Paragon | | Diagram of the "points" by which sizes of Type are graduated in the "Point System". Type founder, one who casts or manufacture type. -- Type foundry, Type foundery, a place for the manufacture of type. -- Type metal, an alloy used in making type, stereotype plates, etc., and in backing up electrotype plates. It consists essentially of lead and antimony, often with a little tin, nickel, or copper. -- Type wheel, a wheel having raised letters or characters on its periphery, and used in typewriters, printing telegraphs, etc. -- Unity of type (Biol.), that fundamental agreement in structure which is seen in organic beings of the same class, and is quite independent of their habits of life. Darwin.

TYPE Type, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Typed; p. pr. & vb. n. Typing.]

1. To represent by a type, model, or symbol beforehand; to prefigure. [R.] White (Johnson).

2. To furnish an expression or copy of; to represent; to typify. [R.] Let us type them now in our own lives. Tennyson.

TYPESETTER Type"set`ter, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, sets type; a compositor; a machine for setting type.

TYPESETTING Type"set`ting, n.

Defn: The act or art of setting type.

TYPEWRITE Type"write`, v. t. & i.

Defn: To write with a typewriter. [Recent]

TYPEWRITER Type"writ`er, n.

1. An instrument for writing by means of type, a typewheel, or the like, in which the operator makes use of a sort of keyboard, in order to obtain printed impressions of the characters upon paper.

2. One who uses such an instrument.

TYPEWRITING Type"writ`ing, n.

Defn: The act or art of using a typewriter; also, a print made with a typewriter.

TYPHLITIS Typh*li"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the cæcum.

TYPHLOSOLE Typh"lo*sole, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fold of the wall which projects into the cavity of the intestine in bivalve mollusks, certain annelids, starfishes, and some other animals.

TYPHOEAN Ty*pho"ë*an, a. Etym: [L. Typhoius, from Typhoeus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Typhoeus (ti*fo"us), the fabled giant of Greek mythology, having a hundred heads; resembling Typhoeus.

Note: Sometimes incorrectly written and pronounced Ty-phoe''an (, or Ty-phe'' an.

TYPHOID Ty"phoid, a. Etym: [Typhus + -oid: cf. F. typhoïde, Gr. Typhus.] (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to typhus; resembling typhus; of a low grade like typhus; as, typhoid symptoms. Typhoid fever, a disease formerly confounded with typhus, but essentially different from the latter. It is characterized by fever, lasting usually three or more weeks, diarrhæa with evacuations resembling pea soup in appearance, and prostration and muscular debility, gradually increasing and often becoming profound at the acme of the disease. Its local lesions are a scanty eruption of spots, resembling flea bites, on the belly, enlargement of the spleen, and ulceration of the intestines over the areas occupied by Peyer's glands. The virus, or contagion, of this fever is supposed to be a microscopic vegetable organism, or bacterium. Called also enteric fever. See Peyer's glands. -- Typhoid state, a condition common to many diseases, characterized by profound prostration and other symptoms resembling those of typhus.

TYPHOMALARIAL Ty`pho*ma*la"ri*al, a. (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to typhoid fever and malaria; as, typhomalarial fever, a form of fever having symptoms both of malarial and typhoid fever.

TYPHOMANIA Ty`pho*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Typhus, and Mania.] (Med.)

Defn: A low delirium common in typhus fever.

TYPHON Ty"phon, n. Etym: [Gr. Typhoon.] (Class. Mythol.)

1. According to Hesiod, the son of Typhoeus, and father of the winds, but later identified with him.

Note: By modern writers, Typhon is identified with the Egyptian Set, who represents physical evil. Encyc. Brit.

2. A violent whirlwind; a typhoon. [Obs.] The circling typhon whirled from point to point. Thomson.

TYPHOON Ty*phoon", n. Etym: [Earlier tuffoon, tuffon, Pg. tufao, Ar. tufan a violent storm; probably fr. Gr. tyfw^n, tyfw^s, a violent whirlwind, that rushes upward from the earth, whirling clouds of dust (cf. Typhus); or perhaps from Chin. t'ai-fung a cyclonic wind.]

Defn: A violent whirlwind; specifically, a violent whirlwind occurring in the Chinese seas.

TYPHOS Ty"phos, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: Typhus. [Obs.]

TYPHOTOXIN Ty`pho*tox"in, n. Etym: [Typhoid + -toxic.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A basic substance, C7H17NO2, formed from the growth of the typhoid bacillus on meat pulp. It induces in small animals lethargic conditions with liquid dejecta.

TYPHOUS Ty"phous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. typheux.] (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to typhus; of the nature of typhus.

TYPHUS Ty"phus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. dh smoke.] (Med.)

Defn: A contagious continued fever lasting from two to three weeks, attended with great prostration and cerebral disorder, and marked by a copious eruption of red spots upon the body. Also called jail fever, famine fever, putrid fever, spottled fever, etc. See Jail fever, under Jail.

TYPIC Typ"ic, a.

Defn: Typical. "Typic shades." Boyle.

TYPICAL Typ"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. typicus, Gr. typique. See Type.]

1. Of the nature of a type; representing something by a form, model, or resemblance; emblematic; prefigurative. The Levitical priesthood was only typical of the Christian. Atterbury.

2. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Combining or exhibiting the essential characteristics of a group; as, a typical genus. -- Typ"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Typ"ic*al*ness, n.

TYPIFICATION Typ`i*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act of typifying, or representing by a figure.

TYPIFIER Typ"i*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, typifies. Bp. Warburton.

TYPIFY Typ"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Typified; p. pr. & vb. n. Typifying.] Etym: [Type + -fy.]

Defn: To represent by an image, form, model, or resemblance. Our Savior was typified, indeed, by the goat that was slain, and the scapegoat in the wilderness. Sir T. Browne.

TYPIST Typ"ist, n.

Defn: A person who operates a typewriting machine; a typewriter.

TYPO Ty"po, n. Etym: [An abbreviation of typographer.]

Defn: A compositor. [Colloq.]

TYPOCOSMY Typ"o*cos`my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A representation of the world. [R.]

TYPOGRAPH Ty"po*graph, n. [Type + -graph.]

Defn: A machine for setting type or for casting lines of type and setting them.

TYPOGRAPHER Ty*pog"ra*pher, n. Etym: [Cf. F. typographe. See Typography.]

Defn: A printer. T. Warton.

TYPOGRAPHIC; TYPOGRAPHICAL Ty`po*graph"ic, Ty`po*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. typographique.]

1. Of or pertaining to the act or act of representing by types or symbols; emblematic; figurative; typical. [Obs.] Johnson.

2. Of or pertaining to typography or printing; as, the typographic art. -- Ty`po*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

TYPOGRAPHY Ty*pog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Type + -graphy: cf. F. typographie.]

1. The act or art of expressing by means of types or symbols; emblematical or hieroglyphic representation. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. The art of printing with types; the use of types to produce impressions on paper, vellum, etc.

TYPOLITE Typ"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite: cf. F. typolithe.] (Min.)

Defn: A stone or fossil which has on it impressions or figures of plants and animals.

TYPOLITHOGRAPHY Ty`po*li*thog"ra*phy, n. [Gr. type + lithography.]

Defn: A branch of lithography in which impressions from printers' types are transferred to stone for reproduction. -- Ty`po*lith`o*graph"ic (#), a.

TYPOLOGY Ty*pol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Type + -logy.]

1. (Theol.)

Defn: A discourse or treatise on types.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: The doctrine of types.

TYPOTHETAE Ty*poth"e*tæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. E. type + Gr.

Defn: Printers; -- used in the name of an association of the master printers of the United States and Canada, called The United Typothetæ of America.

TYRAN Ty"ran, n. Etym: [See Tyrant.]

Defn: A tyrant. [Obs.] Lordly love is such a tyran fell. Spenser.

TYRANNESS Ty"ran*ness, n.

Defn: A female tyrant. [Obs.] "That proud tyranness." Spenser. Akenside.

TYRANNIC; TYRANNICAL Ty*ran"nic, Ty*ran"nic*al, a. Etym: [L. tyrannicus, Gr. tyrannique. See Tyrant.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a tyrant; suiting a tyrant; unjustly severe in government; absolute; imperious; despotic; cruel; arbitrary; as, a tyrannical prince; a tyrannical master; tyrannical government. "A power tyrannical." Shak. Our sects a more tyrannic power assume. Roscommon. The oppressor ruled tyrannic where he durst. Pope. -- Ty*ran"nic*al*ly, adv. -- Ty*ran"nic*al*ness, .

TYRANNICIDAL Ty*ran"ni*ci`dal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to tyrannicide, or the murder of a tyrant. Booth.

TYRANNICIDE Ty*ran"ni*ci`de, n. Etym: [L. tyrannicidium the killing of a tyrant, tyrannicida the killer of a tyrant; tyrannus a tyrant + caedere to kill: cf. F. tyrannicide.]

1. The act of killing a tyrant. Hume.

2. One who kills a tyrant.

TYRANNISH Tyr"an*nish, a.

Defn: Like a tyrant; tyrannical. [Obs.] "The proud tyrannish Roman." Gower.

TYRANNIZE Tyr"an*nize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tyrannized; p. pr. & vb. n. Tyrannizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. tyranniser, Gr.

Defn: To act the tyrant; to exercise arbitrary power; to rule with unjust and oppressive severity; to exercise power others not permitted by law or required by justice, or with a severity not necessary to the ends of justice and government; as, a prince will often tyrannize over his subjects; masters sometimes tyrannize over their servants or apprentices.

TYRANNIZE Tyr"an*nize, v. t.

Defn: To subject to arbitrary, oppressive, or tyrannical treatment; to oppress.

TYRANNOUS Tyr"an*nous, a.

Defn: Tyrannical; arbitrary; unjustly severe; despotic. Sir P. Sidney. -- Tyr"an*nous*ly, adv.

TYRANNY Tyr"an*ny, n. Etym: [OE. tirannye, OF. tirannie, F. tyrannie; cf. It. tirannia; Gr. tyrannis. See Tyrant.]

1. The government or authority of a tyrant; a country governed by an absolute ruler; hence, arbitrary or despotic exercise of power; exercise of power over subjects and others with a rigor not authorized by law or justice, or not requisite for the purposes of government. "Sir," would he [Seneca] say, "an emperor mote need Be virtuous and hate tyranny." Chaucer.

2. Cruel government or discipline; as, the tyranny of a schoolmaster.

3. Severity; rigor; inclemency. The tyranny of the open night's too rough For nature to endure. Shak.

TYRANT Tyr"ant, n. Etym: [OE. tirant, tiraunt, tyraunt, OF. tiran, tirant (probably from confusion with the p. pr. of verbs), F. tyran, L. tyrannus, Gr.

1. An absolute ruler; a sovereign unrestrained by law or constitution; a usurper of sovereignty.

Note: Free governments [in Greece] having superseded the old hereditary sovereignties (basilei^ai), all who obtained absolute power in a state were called ty\rannoi, tyrants, or rather despots; - - for the term rather regards the irregular way in which the power was gained, whether force or fraud, than the way in which it was exercised, being applied to the mild Pisistratus, but not to the despotic kings of Persia. However, the word soon came to imply reproach, and was then used like our tyrant. Liddell & Scott.

2. Specifically, a monarch, or other ruler or master, who uses power to oppress his subjects; a person who exercises unlawful authority, or lawful authority in an unlawful manner; one who by taxation, injustice, or cruel punishment, or the demand of unreasonable services, imposes burdens and hardships on those under his control, which law and humanity do not authorize, or which the purposes of government do not require; a cruel master; an oppressor. "This false tyrant, this Nero." Chaucer. Love, to a yielding heart, is a king, but to a resisting, is a tyrant. Sir P. Sidney.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of American clamatorial birds belonging to the family Tyrannidæ; -- called also tyrant bird.

Note: These birds are noted for their irritability and pugnacity, and for the courage with which they attack rapacious birds far exceeding them in size and strength. They are mostly plain-colored birds, but often have a bright-colored crown patch. A few species, as the scissorstail, are handsomely colored. The kingbird and pewee are familiar examples. Tyrant flycatcher (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of tyrants which have a flattened bill, toothed at the tip, and resemble the true flycatchers in habits. The Acadian flycatcher (Empidonax Acadicus) and the vermilion flycatcher (Pyrocephalus rubineus) are examples. -- Tyrant shrike (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of American tyrants of the genus Tyrannus having a strong toothed bill and resembling the strikes in habits. The kingbird is an example.

TYRANT Ty"rant, v. i.

Defn: To act like a tyrant; to play the tyrant; to tyrannical. [Obs.] Fuller.

TYRE Tyre, Etym: [Tamil tayir.]

Defn: Curdled milk. [India]

TYRE Tyre, n. & v.

Defn: Attire. See 2d and 3d Tire. [Obs.]

TYRE Tyre, v. i.

Defn: To prey. See 4th Tire. [Obs.]

TYRIAN Tyr"i*an, a. Etym: [L. Tyrius, from Tyrus Tyre, Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to Tyre or its people.

2. Being of the color called Tyrian purple. The bright-eyed perch with fins of Tyrian dye. Pope. Tyrian purple, or Tyrian dye, a celebrated purple dye prepared in ancient Tyre from several mollusks, especially Ianthina, Murex, and Purpura. See the Note under Purple, n., 1, and Purple of mollusca, under Purple, n.

TYRIAN Tyr"i*an, n. Etym: [L. Tyrius.]

Defn: A native of Tyre.

TYRO Ty"ro, n.; pl. Tyros. Etym: [L. tiro a newlylevied soldier, a beginner.]

Defn: A beginner in learning; one who is in the rudiments of any branch of study; a person imperfectly acquainted with a subject; a novice. [Written also tiro.] The management of tyros of eighteen Is difficult. Cowper.

TYROCINY Ty"ro*cin*y, n. Etym: [L. tirocinium first service or trial, fr. tiro. See Tyro.]

Defn: The state of being a tyro, or beginner; apprenticeship. [Obs.] Blount.

TYROLITE Tyr"o*lite, n. Etym: [From Tyrol, where it occurs.] (Min.)

Defn: A translucent mineral of a green color and pearly or vitreous luster. It is a hydrous arseniate of copper.

TYRONISM Ty"ro*nism, n.

Defn: The state of being a tyro, or beginner. [Written also tironism.]

TYROSIN Tyr"o*sin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline nitrogenous substance present in small amount in the pancreas and spleen, and formed in large quantity from the decomposition of proteid matter by various means, -- as by pancreatic digestion, by putrefaction as of cheese, by the action of boiling acids, etc. Chemically, it consists of oxyphenol and amidopropionic acid, and by decomposition yields oxybenzoic acid, or some other benzol derivative. [Written also tyrosine.]

TYROTOXICON Tyr`o*tox"i*con, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Toxic.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A ptomaine discovered by Vaughan in putrid cheese and other dairy products, and producing symptoms similar to cholera infantum. Chemically, it appears to be related to, or identical with, diazobenzol.

TYROTOXINE Tyr`o*tox"ine, n.

Defn: Same as Tyrotoxicon.

TYSONITE Ty"son*ite, n. Etym: [After S. T. Tyson.] (Min.)

Defn: A fluoride of the cerium metals occurring in hexagonal crystals of a pale yellow color. Cf. Fluocerite.

TYSTIE Ty"stie, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. þeisti, Norw. teiste.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The black guillemot. [Prov. Eng.]

TYTHE Tythe, n.

Defn: See Tithe.

TYTHING Tyth"ing, n.

Defn: See Tithing.

TZAR Tzar, n.

Defn: The emperor of Russia. See Czar.

TZARINA; TZARITZA Tza*ri"na, Tza*rit"za, n.

Defn: The empress of Russia. See Czarina.

TZETZE Tzet"ze, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Tsetse.

U

Defn: U, the twenty-first letter of the English alphabet, is a cursive form of the letter V, with which it was formerly used interchangeably, both letters being then used both as vowels and consonants. U and V are now, however, differentiated, U being used only as a vowel or semivowel, and V only as a consonant. The true primary vowel sound of U, in Anglo-Saxon, was the sound which it still retains in most of the languages of Europe, that of long oo, as in tool, and short oo, as in wood, answering to the French ou in tour. Etymologically U is most closely related to o, y (vowel), w, and v; as in two, duet, dyad, twice; top, tuft; sop, sup; auspice, aviary. See V, also O and Y. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 130-144.

UAKARI Ua*ka"ri, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Ouakari.

UBEROUS U"ber*ous, a. Etym: [L. uber.]

Defn: Fruitful; copious; abundant; plentiful. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

UBERTY U"ber*ty, n. Etym: [L. ubertas.]

Defn: Fruitfulness; copiousness; abundance; plenty. [Obs.] Florio.

UBICATION; UBIETY U`bi*ca"tion, U*bi"e*ty, n. Etym: [NL. ubicatio, ubietas, fr. L. ubi where.]

Defn: The quality or state of being in a place; local relation; position or location; whereness. [R.] Glanvill.

UBIQUARIAN U`bi*qua"ri*an, a.

Defn: Ubiquitous. [R.]

UBIQUIST; UBIQUITARIAN U"bi*quist, U*biq`ui*ta"ri*an, n. Etym: [L. ubique everywhere: cf. F. ubiquiste, ubiquitaire. See Ubiquity.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a school of Lutheran divines which held that the body of Christ is present everywhere, and especially in the eucharist, in virtue of his omnipresence. Called also Ubiquitist, Ubiquitary.

UBIQUITARINESS U*biq"ui*ta*ri*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being ubiquitary, or ubiquitous. [R.] Fuller.

UBIQUITARY U*biq"ui*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. ubique everywhere. See Ubiquitarian.]

Defn: Ubiquitous. Howell.

UBIQUITARY U*biq"ui*ta*ry, n.; pl. Ubiquitaries (.

1. One who exists everywhere. B. Jonson.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A ubiquist. Bp. Hall.

UBIQUITIST U*biq"ui*tist, n.

Defn: Same as Ubiquist.

UBIQUITOUS U*biq"ui*tous, a. Etym: [See Ubiquity.]

Defn: Existing or being everywhere, or in all places, at the same time; omnipresent. -- U*biq"ui*tous*ly, adv. In this sense is he ubiquitous. R. D. Hitchcock.

UBIQUITY U*biq"ui*ty, n. Etym: [L. ubique everywhere, fr. ubi where, perhaps for cubi, quobi (cf. alicubi anywhere), and if so akin to E. who: cf. F. ubiquité.]

1. Existence everywhere, or in places, at the same time; omnipresence; as, the ubiquity of God is not disputed by those who admit his existence. The arms of Rome . . . were impeded by . . . the wide spaces to be traversed and the ubiquity of the enemy. C. Merivale.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: The doctrine, as formulated by Luther, that Christ's glorified body is omnipresent.

UCHEES U"chees, n. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of North American Indians belonging to the Creek confederation.

UCKEWALLIST Uck`e*wal"list, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect of rigid Anabaptists, which originated in 1637, and whose tenets were essentially the same as those of the Mennonists. In addition, however, they held that Judas and the murderers of Christ were saved. So called from the founder of the sect, Ucke Wallis, a native of Friesland. Eadie.

UDAL U"dal (u"dal), n. Etym: [Icel. oedhal allodium, an hereditary estate; akin to Sw. odal allodial, Dan. odel.]

Defn: In Shetland and Orkney, a freehold; property held by udal, or allodial, right.

UDAL U"dal, a.

Defn: Allodial; -- a term used in Finland, Shetland, and Orkney. See Allodial. Burrill.

UDAL; UDALBORN; UDALER; UDALMAN U"dal, n. & a. U"dal*born`, U"dal*er, U"dal*man, etc.

Defn: Vars. of Odal, etc. Obs. exc. in Shetland and the Orkney Islands, where udal designates land held in fee simple without any charter and free of any feudal character.

UDALER; UDALMAN U"dal*er, U"dal*man, n.

Defn: In the Shetland and Orkney Islands, one who holds property by udal, or allodial, right. Sir W. Scott.

UDDER Ud"der, n. Etym: [OE. uddir, AS. uder; akin to D. uijer, G. euter, OHG. utar, utiro, Icel. jugr, Sw. jufver, jur, Dan. yver, L. uber, Gr. o"y^qar, Skr. udhar. *216. Cf. Exuberant.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The glandular organ in which milk is secreted and stored; -- popularly called the bag in cows and other quadrupeds. See Mamma. A lioness, with udders all drawn dry. Shak.

2. One of the breasts of a woman. [R.] Yon Juno of majestic size, With cowlike udders, and with oxlike eyes. Pope.

UDDERED Ud"dered, a.

Defn: Having an udder or udders.

UDDERLESS Ud"der*less, a.

1. Destitute or deprived of an udder.

2. Hence, without mother's milk; motherless; as, udderless lambs. [Poetic] Keats.

UDOMETER U*dom"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. udus wet, moist + -meter.] (Meteor.)

Defn: A rain gauge.

UGH Ugh (oo), interj.

Defn: An exclamation expressive of disgust, horror, or recoil. Its utterance is usually accompanied by a shudder.

UGLESOME Ug"le*some, a. [Ugly.]

Defn: Ugly. [Obs.] "Such an uglesome countenance." Latimer.

UGLIFY Ug"li*fy, v. t. Etym: [Ugly + -fy.]

Defn: To disfigure; to make ugly. [R.] Mad. D'Arblay.

UGLILY Ug"li*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ugly manner; with deformity.

UGLINESS Ug"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being ugly.

UGLY Ug"ly, a. [Compar. Uglier; superl. Ugliest.] Etym: [Icel. uggligr fearful, dreadful; uggr fear (akin to ugga to fear) + -ligr (akin to E. -ly, like). Awe.]

1. Offensive to the sight; contrary to beauty; being of disagreeable or loathsome aspect; unsightly; repulsive; deformed. The ugly view of his deformed crimes. Spenser. Like the toad, ugly and venomous. Shak. O, I have passed a miserable night, So full of ugly sights, of ghastly dreams. Shak.

2. Ill-natured; crossgrained; quarrelsome; as, an ugly temper; to feel ugly. [Colloq. U. S.]

3. Unpleasant; disagreeable; likely to cause trouble or loss; as, an ugly rumor; an ugly customer. [Colloq.]

UGLY Ug"ly, n.

Defn: A shade for the face, projecting from the bonnet. [Colloq. Eng.] C. Kingsley.

UGLY Ug"ly, v. t.

Defn: To make ugly. [R.] Richardson.

UGRIAN U"gri*an, n. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A Mongolian race, ancestors of the Finns. [Written also Uigrian.]

UGSOME Ug"some, a. [Ugly.]

Defn: Ugly; offensive; loathsome. [Obs.] -- Ug"some*ness, n. [Obs.] "The horror and ugsomeness of death." Latimer.

UHLAN Uh"lan, n. Etym: [G. uhlan, Pol. ulan, hulan, from Turk. oglan a youth, lad; of Tartar origin.] [Written also ulan, and formerly hulan.]

1. One of a certain description of militia among the Tartars.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: One of a kind of light cavalry of Tartaric origin, first introduced into European armies in Poland. They are armed with lances, pistols, and sabers, and are employed chiefly as skirmishers.

UINTATHERIUM U*in`ta*the"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Uinta, the Indian name of the region where the animals were discovered + Gr. qhri`on beast.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of large Eocene ungulates allied to Dinoceras. This name is sometimes used for nearly all the known species of the group. See Dinoceras.

UITLANDER Uit"land`er, n. [D. Cf. Outlander.]

Defn: A foreigner; an outlander. [South Africa]

UKASE U*kase", n. Etym: [F., fr. Russ. ukas'; pref. u- + kazate to show, to say.]

Defn: In Russia, a published proclamation or imperial order, having the force of law.

ULAN U"lan, n.

Defn: See Uhlan.

ULARBURONG U*lar"bu*rong, n. Etym: [From the native Malay name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large East Indian nocturnal tree snake (Dipsas dendrophila). It is not venomous.

ULCER Ul"cer, n. Etym: [F. ulcère, L. ulcus, gen. ulceris, akin to Gr.

1. (Med.)

Defn: A solution of continuity in any of the soft parts of the body, discharging purulent matter, found on a surface, especially one of the natural surfaces of the body, and originating generally in a constitutional disorder; a sore discharging pus. It is distinguished from an abscess, which has its beginning, at least, in the depth of the tissues.

2. Fig.: Anything that festers and corrupts like an open sore; a vice in character. Cold ulcer (Med.), an ulcer on a finger or toe, due to deficient circulation and nutrition. In such cases the extremities are cold.

ULCER Ul"cer, v. t.

Defn: To ulcerate. [R.] Fuller.

ULCERABLE Ul"cer*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of ulcerating.

ULCERATE Ul"cer*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ulcerated; p. pr. & vb. n. Ulcerating.] Etym: [L. ulceratus, p. p. of ulcerare, fr. ulcus ulcer.]

Defn: To be formed into an ulcer; to become ulcerous.

ULCERATE Ul"cer*ate, v. t.

Defn: To affect with, or as with, an ulcer or ulcers. Harvey.

ULCERATED Ul"cer*a`ted, a.

Defn: Affected with, or as with, an ulcer or ulcers; as, an ulcerated sore throat.

ULCERATION Ul`cer*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. ulceratio: cf. F. ulcération.] (Med.)

Defn: The process of forming an ulcer, or of becoming ulcerous; the state of being ulcerated; also, an ulcer.

ULCERATIVE Ul"cer*a*tive, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ulcers; as, an ulcerative process.

ULCERED Ul"cered, a.

Defn: Ulcerous; ulcerated.

ULCEROUS Ul"cer*ous, a. Etym: [L. ulcerous: cf. F. ulcéreux.]

1. Having the nature or character of an ulcer; discharging purulent or other matter. R. Browning.

2. Affected with an ulcer or ulcers; ulcerated. It will but skin and film the ulcerous place. Shak. -- Ul"cer*ous*ly, adv. -- Ul"cer*ous*ness, n.

ULCUSCLE; ULCUSCULE Ul"cus*cle, Ul*cus"cule, n. Etym: [L. ulcusculum, dim. of ulcus. See Ulcer.]

Defn: A little ulcer. [R.]

ULE U"le, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Bot.)

Defn: A Mexican and Central American tree (Castilloa elastica and C. Markhamiana) related to the breadfruit tree. Its milky juice contains caoutchouc. Called also ule tree.

ULEMA U*le"ma, n. Etym: [Ar. 'ulema the wise or learned men, pl. of 'alim wise, learned, fr. alima to know.]

Defn: A college or corporation in Turkey composed of the hierarchy, namely, the imams, or ministers of religion, the muftis, or doctors of law, and the cadis, or administrators of justice.

ULEXITE U"lex*ite, n. Etym: [After a German chemist.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occurring in white rounded crystalline masses. It is a hydrous borate of lime and soda.

ULIGINOSE; ULIGINOUS U*lig"i*nose`, U*lig"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. uliginosus, fr. uligo, - inis, moisture, fr. uvere to be moist.]

Defn: Muddy; oozy; slimy; also, growing in muddy places. [R.] Woodward.

ULLAGE Ul"lage (; 48), n. Etym: [OF. eullage, ovillage, the filling up of a cask, fr. ouillier, oillier, euillier, to fill a wine cask; properly, to add oil to prevent evaporation, as to a flask that is nearly full, fr. OF. oile oil. See Oil.] (Com.)

Defn: The amount which a vessel, as a cask, of liquor lacks of being full; wantage; deficiency.

ULLET Ul"let, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. hullote, E. howlet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European owl (Syrnium aluco) of a tawny color; -- called also uluia.

ULLMANNITE Ull"mann*ite, n. Etym: [So named after J. C. Ullman, a German chemist.] (Min.)

Defn: A brittle mineral of a steel-gray color and metallic luster, containing antimony, arsenic, sulphur, and nickel.

ULLUCO Ul*lu"co, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Melluc.

ULMACEOUS Ul*ma"ceous, a. Etym: [L. ulmus an elm.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a suborder of urticaceous plants, of which the elm is the type.

ULMATE Ul"mate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of ulmic acid.

ULMIC Ul"mic, a. Etym: [L. ulmus an elm: cf. F. ulmique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to ulmin; designating an acid obtained from ulmin.

ULMIN Ul"min, n. Etym: [L. ulmus an elm: cf. F. ulmine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A brown amorphous substance found in decaying vegetation. Cf. Humin. [Formerly written ulmine.]

ULMUS Ul"mus, n. Etym: [L., an elm.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees including the elm.

ULNA Ul"na, n. Etym: [L., the elbow. See Ell.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The postaxial bone of the forearm, or branchium, corresponding to the fibula of the hind limb. See Radius.

2. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: An ell; also, a yard. Burrill.

ULNAGE Ul"nage, n. Etym: [See Ulna, and cf. Alnage.] (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: Measurement by the ell; alnage.

ULNAR Ul"nar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the ulna, or the elbow; as, the ulnar nerve.

ULNARE Ul*na"re, n.; pl. Ulnaria. Etym: [NL. See Ulna.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the bones or cartilages of the carpus, which articulates with the ulna and corresponds to the cuneiform in man.

ULODENDRON U`lo*den"dron, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of fossil trees.

ULOID U"loid, a. [Written also ouloid.] [Gr. scar + -oid.] (Med.)

Defn: Resembling a scar; scarlike.

ULONATA U`lo*na"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of insects nearly equivalent to the true Orthoptera.

ULOTRICHAN U*lot"ri*chan, a. (Anthropol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Ulotrichi. -- n.

Defn: One of the Ulotrichi.

ULOTRICHI U*lot"ri*chi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anthropol.)

Defn: The division of mankind which embraces the races having woolly or crispy hair. Cf. Leiotrichi.

ULOTRICHOUS U*lot"ri*chous, a. (Anthropol.)

Defn: Having woolly or crispy hair; -- opposed to leiotrichous.

ULSTER Ul"ster, n.

Defn: A long, loose overcoat, worn by men and women, originally made of frieze from Ulster, Ireland.

ULTERIOR Ul*te"ri*or, a. Etym: [L., comp. of ultra, ultro, beyond, on the other side, properly cases of an old adjective, formed with a comparative suffix, which is akin to OL. uls beyond, L. olim formerly, hereafter, orig., at that time, ille that, OL. olle, ollus. Cf. Outrage.]

1. Situated beyond, or on the farther side; thither; -- correlative with hither.

2. Further; remoter; more distant; succeeding; as, ulterior demands or propositions; ulterior views; what ulterior measures will be adopted is uncertain. Ulterior object or aim, an object or aim beyond that which is avowed.

ULTERIOR Ul*te"ri*or, n.

Defn: Ulterior side or part. [R.] Coleridge.

ULTERIORLY Ul*te"ri*or*ly, adv.

Defn: More distantly or remotely.

ULTIMA Ul"ti*ma, a. Etym: [L., fem. ultimus last.]

Defn: Most remote; furthest; final; last. Ultima ratio Etym: [L.], the last reason or argument; the last resort. -- Ultima Thule. [L.] See Thule.

ULTIMA Ul"ti*ma, n. Etym: [L., fem. of ultimus last.] (Gram. & Pros.)

Defn: The last syllable of a word.

ULTIMATE Ul"ti*mate, a. Etym: [LL. ultimatus last, extreme, fr. L. ultimare to come to an end, fr. ultimus the farthest, last, superl. from the same source as ulterior. See Ulterior, and cf. Ultimatum.]

1. Farthest; most remote in space or time; extreme; last; final. My harbor, and my ultimate repose. Milton. Many actions apt to procure fame are not conductive to this our ultimate happiness. Addison.

2. Last in a train of progression or consequences; tended toward by all that precedes; arrived at, as the last result; final. Those ultimate truths and those universal laws of thought which we can not rationally contradict. Coleridge.

3. Incapable of further analysis; incapable of further division or separation; constituent; elemental; as, an ultimate constituent of matter. Ultimate analysis (Chem.), organic analysis. See under Organic. -- Ultimate belief. See under Belief. -- Ultimate ratio (Math.), the limiting value of a ratio, or that toward which a series tends, and which it does not pass.

Syn. -- Final; conclusive. See Final.

ULTIMATE Ul"ti*mate, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Ultimated; p. pr. & vb. n. Ultimating.]

1. To come or bring to an end; to eventuate; to end. [R.]

2. To come or bring into use or practice. [R.]

ULTIMATELY Ul"ti*mate*ly, adv.

Defn: As a final consequence; at last; in the end; as, afflictions often tend to correct immoral habits, and ultimately prove blessings.

ULTIMATION Ul`ti*ma"tion, n.

Defn: State of being ultimate; that which is ultimate, or final; ultimatum. [R.] Swift.

ULTIMATUM Ul`ti*ma"tum, n.; pl. E. Ultimatums, L. Ultimata. Etym: [NL. See Ultimate.]

Defn: A final proposition, concession, or condition; especially, the final propositions, conditions, or terms, offered by either of the parties in a diplomatic negotiation; the most favorable terms a negotiator can offer, the rejection of which usually puts an end to the hesitation.

ULTIME Ul"time, a.

Defn: Ultimate; final. [Obs.] Bacon.

ULTIMITY Ul*tim"i*ty, n. Etym: [LL. ultimatus extremity, fr. L. ultimus the last.]

Defn: The last stage or consequence; finality. [Obs.] Bacon.

ULTIMO Ul"ti*mo. Etym: [L. ultimo (mense) in the last month.]

Defn: In the month immediately preceding the present; as, on the 1st ultimo; -- usually abbreviated to ult. Cf. Proximo.

ULTION Ul"tion, n. Etym: [L. ultio.]

Defn: The act of taking vengeance; revenge. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ULTRA- Ul"tra-, a.

Defn: A prefix from the Latin ultra beyond (see Ulterior), having in composition the signification beyond, on the other side, chiefly when joined with words expressing relations of place; as, ultramarine, ultramontane, ultramundane, ultratropical, etc. In other relations it has the sense of excessively, exceedingly, beyond what is common, natural, right, or proper; as, ultraconservative; ultrademocratic, ultradespotic, ultraliberal, ultraradical, etc.

ULTRA Ul"tra, a. Etym: [See Ultra-.]

Defn: Going beyond others, or beyond due limit; extreme; fanatical; uncompromising; as, an ultra reformer; ultra measures.

ULTRA Ul"tra, n.

Defn: One who advocates extreme measures; an ultraist; an extremist; a radical. Brougham.

ULTRAGASEOUS Ul`tra*gas"e*ous, a. [Pref. ultra + gaseous.] (Physics)

Defn: Having the properties exhibited by gases under very low pressures (one millionth of an atmosphere or less). Matter under this condition, which has been termed the fourth state of matter, is sometimes called radiant matter.

ULTRAGE Ul"trage, n.

Defn: Outrage. [Obs.]

ULTRAISM Ul"tra*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ultraïsme. See Ultra-.]

Defn: The principles of those who advocate extreme measures, as radical reform, and the like. Dr. H. More.

ULTRAIST Ul"tra*ist, n.

Defn: One who pushes a principle or measure to extremes; an extremist; a radical; an ultra.

ULTRAMARINE Ul`tra*ma*rine", a. Etym: [Pref. ultra- + marine.]

Defn: Situated or being beyond the sea. Burke.

ULTRAMARINE Ul`tra*ma*rine", n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. ultramarino. So called because the lapis lazuli was originally brought from beyond the sea, -- from Asia.] (Chem.)

Defn: A blue pigment formerly obtained by powdering lapis lazuli, but now produced in large quantities by fusing together silica, alumina, soda, and sulphur, thus forming a glass, colored blue by the sodium polysulphides made in the fusion. Also used adjectively. Green ultramarine, a green pigment obtained as a first product in the manufacture of ultramarine, into which it is changed by subsequent treatment. -- Ultramarine ash or ashes (Paint.), a pigment which is the residuum of lapis lazuli after the ultramarine has been extracted. It was used by the old masters as a middle or neutral tint for flesh, skies, and draperies, being of a purer and tenderer gray that produced by the mixture of more positive colors. Fairholt.

ULTRAMONTANE Ul`tra*mon"tane, Etym: [LL. ultramontanus; L. ultra beyond + montanus belonging to a mountain, from mons, montis, mountain: cf. F. ultramontain, It. ultramontano. See Ultra-, and Mountain.]

Defn: Being beyond the mountains; specifically, being beyond the Alps, in respect to the one who speaks.

Note: This term was first applied, somewhat contemptuously, by the Italians, to the nations north of the Alps, especially the Germans and French, their painters, jurists, etc. At a later period, the French and Germans applied it to the Italians. It is now more particularly used in respect to religious matters; and ultramontane doctrines, when spoken of north of the Alps, denote the extreme views of the pope's rights and supremacy maintained by Bellarmin and other Italian writers.

ULTRAMONTANE Ul`tra*mon"tane, n.

1. One who resides beyond the mountains, especially beyond the Alps; a foreigner.

2. One who maintains extreme views favoring the pope's supremacy. See Ultramontanism.

ULTRAMONTANISM Ul`tra*mon"ta*nism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ultramontanisme.]

Defn: The principles of those within the Roman Catholic Church who maintain extreme views favoring the pope's supremacy; -- so used by those living north of the Alps in reference to the Italians; -- rarely used in an opposite sense, as referring to the views of those living north of the Alps and opposed to the papal claims. Cf. Gallicanism.

ULTRAMONTANIST Ul`tra*mon"ta*nist, n.

Defn: One who upholds ultramontanism.

ULTRAMUNDANE Ul`tra*mun"dane, a. Etym: [L. ultramundanus. See Ultra-, and Mundane.]

Defn: Being beyond the world, or beyond the limits of our system. Boyle.

ULTRARED Ul`tra*red", a. Etym: [Pref. ultra- + red.] (Physics)

Defn: Situated beyond or below the red rays; as, the ultrated rays of the spectrum, which are less refrangible than the red.

ULTRATROPICAL Ul`tra*trop"ic*al, a. Etym: [Pref. ultra- + tropical.]

Defn: Situated beyond, or outside of, the tropics; extratropical; also, having an excessively tropical temperature; warmer than the tropics.

ULTRAVIOLET Ul`tra*vi"o*let, a. Etym: [Pref. ultra- + violet.] (Physics)

Defn: Lying outside the visible spectrum at its violet end; -- said of rays more refrangible than the extreme violet rays of the spectrum.

ULTRA VIRES Ul`tra vi"res, Etym: [Law Latin, from L. prep. ultra beyond + vires, pl. of. vis strength.]

Defn: Beyond power; transcending authority; -- a phrase used frequently in relation to acts or enactments by corporations in excess of their chartered or statutory rights.

ULTRAZODIACAL Ul`tra*zo*di"a*cal, a. Etym: [Pref. ultra- + zodiacal.] (Astron.)

Defn: Outside the zodiac; being in that part of the heavens that is more than eight degrees from the ecliptic; as, ultrazodiacal planets, that is, those planets which in part of their orbits go beyond the zodiac.

ULTRONEOUS Ul*tro"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. ultroneus, from ultro to the further side, on his part, of one's own accord. See Ultra-.]

Defn: Spontaneous; voluntary. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. -- Ul*tro"ne*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Ul*tro"ne*ous*ness, n. [Obs.]

ULULA Ul"u*la, n. Etym: [L., a screech owl.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of owls including the great gray owl (Ulula cinerea) of Arctic America, and other similar species. See Illust. of Owl.

ULULANT Ul"u*lant, a.

Defn: Howling; wailing.

ULULATE Ul"u*late, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ululated; p. pr. & vb. n. Ululating.] Etym: [L. ululatus, p. p. of ululare to howl, yell, shriek.]

Defn: To howl, as a dog or a wolf; to wail; as, ululating jackals. Sir T. Herbert.

ULULATION Ul`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. ululatio.]

Defn: A howling, as of a dog or wolf; a wailing. He may fright others with his ululation. Wither.

ULVA Ul"va, n. Etym: [L., sedge.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of thin papery bright green seaweeds including the kinds called sea lettuce.

UMBE Um"be, prep. Etym: [AS. ymbe; akin to OHG. umbi, G. um. Cf. Amb-.]

Defn: About. [Obs.] Layamon.

UMBECAST Um"be*cast`, v. i. Etym: [Umbe + cast.]

Defn: To cast about; to consider; to ponder. [Obs.] Sir T. Malory.

UMBEL Um"bel, n. Etym: [L. umbella a little shadow, umbrella, dim. of umbra shade. See Umbrella.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of flower cluster in which the flower stalks radiate from a common point, as in the carrot and milkweed. It is simple or compound; in the latter case, each peduncle bears another little umbel, called umbellet, or umbellule.

UMBELLAR Um"bel*lar, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an umbel; having the form of an umbel.

UMBELLATE; UMBELLATED Um"bel*late, Um"bel*la`ted, a. Etym: [NL. umbellatus.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing umbels; pertaining to an umbel; umbel-like; as, umbellate plants or flowers.

UMBELLET Um"bel*let, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A small or partial umbel; an umbellule.

UMBELLIC Um*bel"lic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, certain umbelliferous plants; as, umbellic acid. Umbellic acid. (Chem.) (a) Anisic acid. [Obs.] (b) A yellow powder obtained from umbelliferone.

UMBELLIFER Um*bel"li*fer, n. Etym: [NL. See Umbelliferous.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant producing an umbel or umbels.

UMBELLIFERONE Um`bel*lif"er*one, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A tasteless white crystalline substance, C9H6O3, found in the bark of a certain plant (Daphne Mezereum), and also obtained by the distillation of certain gums from the Umbelliferæ, as galbanum, asafetida, etc. It is analogous to coumarin. Called also hydroxy- coumarin.

UMBELLIFEROUS Um`bel*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Umbel + -ferous: cf. F. ombillifère.] (Bot.) (a) Producing umbels. (b) Of or pertaining to a natural order (Umbelliferæ) of plants, of which the parsley, carrot, parsnip, and fennel are well-known examples.

UMBELLULARIA Um*bel`lu*la"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. Umbellule.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of deep-sea alcyonaria consisting of a cluster of large flowerlike polyps situated at the summit of a long, slender stem which stands upright in the mud, supported by a bulbous base.

UMBELLULE Um"bel*lule, n. Etym: [NL. umbellula, dim. of umbella: cf. F. ombellule.] (Bot.)

Defn: An umbellet.

UMBER Um"ber, n. Etym: [F. ombre ocherous ore of iron, terre d'ombre, It. terra d'ombra, literally, earth of shadow or shade, L. umbra shadow, shade. Cf. Umber, 3 & 4, Umbrage.]

1. (Paint.)

Defn: A brown or reddish pigment used in both oil and water colors, obtained from certain natural clays variously colored by the oxides of iron and manganese. It is commonly heated or burned before being used, and is then called burnt umber; when not heated, it is called raw umber. See Burnt umber, below.

2. An umbrere. [Obs.]

3. Etym: [F. ombre, umbre, L. umbra.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Grayling, 1.

4. Etym: [Cf. NL. scopus umbretta, F. ombrette; probably fr. L. umbra shade, in allusion to its dark brown color. See Umber a pigment.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An African wading bird (Scopus umbretta) allied to the storks and herons. It is dull dusky brown, and has a large occipital crest. Called also umbrette, umbre, and umber bird. Burnt umber (Paint.), a pigment made by burning raw umber, which is changed by this process from an olive brown to a bright reddish brown. -- Cologne, or German, umber, a brown pigment obtained from lignite. See Cologne earth.

UMBER Um"ber, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to umber; resembling umber; olive-brown; dark brown; dark; dusky. Their harps are of the umber shade That hides the blush of waking day. J. R. Drake.

UMBER Um"ber, v. t.

Defn: To color with umber; to shade or darken; as, to umber over one's face. B. Jonson.

UMBERY Um"ber*y, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to umber; like umber; as, umbery gold.

UMBILIC Um*bil"ic, n. Etym: [From L. umbilicus: cf. F. ombilic. See Navel.]

1. The navel; the center. [Obs.] "The umbilic of the world." Sir T. Herbert.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: An umbilicus. See Umbilicus, 5 (b).

UMBILIC Um*bil"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: See Umbilical, 1.

UMBILICAL Um*bil"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ombilical. See Umbilic, n.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an umbilicus, or umbilical cord; umbilic.

2. Pertaining to the center; central. [R.] De Foe. Umbilical cord. (a) (Anat.) The cord which connects the fetus with the placenta, and contains the arteries and the vein through which blood circulates between the fetus and the placenta; the navel-string. (b) (Bot.) The little stem by which the seeds are attached to the placenta; -- called also funicular cord. -- Umbilical hernia (Med.), hernia of the bowels at the umbilicus. -- Umbilical point (Geom.), an umbilicus. See Umbilicus, 5. -- Umbilical region (Anat.), the middle region of the abdomen, bounded above by the epigastric region, below by the hypogastric region, and on the sides by the lumbar regions. -- Umbilical vesicle (Anat.), a saccular appendage of the developing embryo, containing the nutritive and unsegmented part of the ovum; the yolk sac. See Illust. in Appendix.

UMBILICATE; UMBILICATED Um*bil"i*cate, Um*bil"i*ca`ted, a. Etym: [L. umbilicatus. See Umbilic.] (a) Depressed in the middle, like a navel, as a flower, fruit, or leaf; navel-shaped; having an umbilicus; as, an umbilicated smallpox vesicle. (b) (Bot.) Supported by a stalk at the central point.

UMBILICATION Um*bil"i*ca"tion, n.

Defn: A slight, navel-like depression, or dimpling, of the center of a rounded body; as, the umbilication of a smallpox vesicle; also, the condition of being umbilicated.

UMBILICUS Um`bi*li"cus, n. Etym: [L. See Umbilic.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The depression, or mark, in the median line of the abdomen, which indicates the point where the umbilical cord separated from the fetus; the navel.

2. (Gr. & Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: An ornamented or painted ball or boss fastened at each end of the stick on which manuscripts were rolled. Dr. W. Smith.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The hilum.

4. (Zoöl.) (a) A depression or opening in the center of the base of many spiral shells. (b) Either one of the two apertures in the calamus of a feather.

5. (Geom.) (a) One of foci of an ellipse, or other curve. [Obs.] (b) A point of a surface at which the curvatures of the normal sections are all equal to each other. A sphere may be osculatory to the surface in every direction at an umbilicus. Called also umbilic.

UMBLE PIE Um"ble pie`.

Defn: A pie made of umbles. See To eat humble pie, under Humble.

UMBLES Um"bles, n. pl. Etym: [See Nombles.]

Defn: The entrails and coarser parts of a deer; hence, sometimes, entrails, in general. [Written also humbles.] Johnson.

UMBO Um"bo, n.; pl. L. Umbones, E. Umbos. Etym: [L.]

1. The boss of a shield, at or near the middle, and usually projecting, sometimes in a sharp spike.

2. A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane; as, the umbo in the integument of the larvæ of echinoderms or in the tympanic membrane of the ear.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the lateral prominence just above the hinge of a bivalve shell.

UMBONATE; UMBONATED Um"bo*nate, Um"bo*na`ted, a. Etym: [NL. umbonatus. See Umbo.]

Defn: Having a conical or rounded projection or protuberance, like a boss.

UMBRA Um"bra, n.; pl. Umbræ. Etym: [L., a shadow.]

1. (Astron.) (a) The conical shadow projected from a planet or satellite, on the side opposite to the sun, within which a spectator could see no portion of the sun's disk; -- used in contradistinction from penumbra. See Penumbra. (b) The central dark portion, or nucleus, of a sun spot. (c) The fainter part of a sun spot; -- now more commonly called penumbra.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of sciænoid food fishes of the genus Umbrina, especially the Mediterranean species (U. cirrhosa), which is highly esteemed as a market fish; -- called also ombre, and umbrine. Umbra tree (Bot.), a tree (Phytolacca diocia) of the same genus as pokeweed. It is native of South America, but is now grown in southern Europe. It has large dark leaves, and a somber aspect. The juice of its berries is used for coloring wine. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).

UMBRACULIFEROUS Um*brac`u*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. umbraculum umbrella (dim. of umbra shade) + -ferous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing something like an open umbrella.

UMBRACULIFORM Um*brac`u*li*form, a. Etym: [L. umbraculum any thing that furnishes shade, a bower, umbrella (dim. of umbra a shade) + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of anything that serves to shade, as a tree top, an umbrella, and the like; specifically (Bot.), having the form of an umbrella; umbrella-shaped.

UMBRAGE Um"brage (; 48), n. Etym: [F. ombrage shade, suspicion, umbrage, L. umbraticus belonging to shade, fr. umbra a shade. Cf. Umber, Umbratic.]

1. Shade; shadow; obscurity; hence, that which affords a shade, as a screen of trees or foliage. Where highest woods, impenetrable To star or sunlight, spread their umbrage broad. Milton.

2. Shadowy resemblance; shadow. [Obs.] The opinion carries no show of truth nor umbrage of reason on its side. Woodward.

3. The feeling of being overshadowed; jealousy of another, as standing in one's light or way; hence, suspicion of injury or wrong; offense; resentment. Which gave umbrage to wiser than myself. Evelyn. Persons who feel most umbrage from the overshadowing aristocracy. Sir W. Scott.

UMBRAGEOUS Um*bra"geous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ombraqeux shy, skittish, suspicious, in OF. also, shady. See Umbrage.]

1. Forming or affording a shade; shady; shaded; as, umbrageous trees or foliage. Umbrageous grots and caves Of cool recess, o'er which the mantling vine Lays forth her purple grape. Milton.

2. Not easily perceived, as if from being darkened or shaded; obscure. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

3. Feeling jealousy or umbrage; taking, or disposed to take, umbrage; suspicious. [Obs.] Bp. Warburton. -- Um*bra"geous*ly, adv. -- Um*bra"geous*ness, n.

UMBRATE Um"brate, v. t. Etym: [L. umbratus, p. p. of umbrare to shade, fr. umbra a shade.]

Defn: To shade; to shadow; to foreshadow. [Obs.]

UMBRATIC; UMBRATICAL Um*brat"ic, Um*brat"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. umbraticus, from umbra shade. See Umbrage.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the shade or darkness; shadowy; unreal; secluded; retired. [R.] B. Jonson.

UMBRATILE Um"bra*tile, a. Etym: [L. umbraticus, fr. umbra shade.]

Defn: Umbratic. [R.] B. Jonson.

UMBRATIOUS Um*bra"tious, a. Etym: [L. umbra a shade. Cf. Umbrageous.]

Defn: Suspicious; captious; disposed to take umbrage. [Obs. & R.] Sir H. Wotton.

UMBRE Um"bre, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Umber.

UMBREL Um*brel", n.

Defn: An umbrella. [Obs. or Colloq.] Each of them besides bore their umbrels. Shelton.

UMBRELLA Um*brel"la, n. Etym: [It. umbrella, fr. ombra a shade, L. umbra; cf. L. umbella a sunshade, a parasol. Cf. Umbel, Umbrage.]

1. A shade, screen, or guard, carried in the hand for sheltering the person from the rays of the sun, or from rain or snow. It is formed of silk, cotton, or other fabric, extended on strips of whalebone, steel, or other elastic material, inserted, or fastened to, a rod or stick by means of pivots or hinges, in such a way as to allow of being opened and closed with ease. See Parasol. Underneath the umbrella's oily shed. Gay.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The umbrellalike disk, or swimming bell, of a jellyfish.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any marine tectibranchiate gastropod of the genus Umbrella, having an umbrella-shaped shell; -- called also umbrella shell. Umbrella ant (Zoöl.), the sauba ant; -- so called because it carries bits of leaves over its back when foraging. Called also parasol ant. -- Umbrella bird (Zoöl.), a South American bird (Cephalopterus ornatus) of the family Cotingidæ. It is black, with a large handsome crest consisting of a mass of soft, glossy blue feathers curved outward at the tips. It also has a cervical plume consisting of a long, cylindrical dermal process covered with soft hairy feathers. Called also dragoon bird. -- Umbrella leaf (Bot.), an American perennial herb (Dyphylleia cymosa), having very large peltate and lobed radical leaves. -- Umbrella shell. (Zoöl.) See Umbrella, 3. -- Umbrella tree (Bot.), a kind of magnolia (M. Umbrella) with the large leaves arranged in umbrellalike clusters at the ends of the branches. It is a native of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Kentucky. Other plants in various countries are called by this name, especially a kind of screw pine (Pandanus odoratissimus).

UMBRERE; UMBRIERE Um*brere, Um*briere, n. Etym: [F. ombre a shade, L. umbra; cf. F. ombrelle a sunshade, OF. also ombrière. See Umbrella.]

Defn: In ancient armor, a visor, or projection like the peak of a cap, to which a face guard was sometimes attached. This was sometimes fixed, and sometimes moved freely upon the helmet and could be raised like the beaver. Called also umber, and umbril. [Obs.] But only vented up her umbriere. Spenser.

UMBRETTE Um*brette", n. Etym: [F. ombrette.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Umber, 4.

UMBRIFEROUS Um*brif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. umbrifer; umbra a shade + ferre to bear.]

Defn: Casting or making a shade; umbrageous. -- Um*brif"er*ous*ly, adv.

UMBRIL Um"bril, n.

Defn: A umbrere. [Obs.]

UMBRINE Um"brine, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Umbra, 2.

UMBROSE Um"brose`, a. Etym: [L. umbrosus, fr. umbra a shade.]

Defn: Shady; umbrageous. [Obs.]

UMBROSITY Um*bros"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being umbrose; shadiness. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

UMHOFO Um*ho"fo, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An African two-horned rhinoceros (Atelodus, or Rhinoceros, simus); -- called also chukuru, and white rhinoceros.

UMLAUT Um"laut, n. Etym: [G., from um about + laut sound.] (Philol.)

Defn: The euphonic modification of a root vowel sound by the influence of a, u, or especially i, in the syllable which formerly followed.

Note: It is peculiar to the Teutonic languages, and was common in Anglo-Saxon. In German the umlauted vowels resulting from a, o, u, followed by old i, are written ä, ö, ü, or ae, oe, ue; as, männer or maenner, men, from mann, man. Examples of forms resulting from umlaut in English are geese pl. of goose, men pl. of man, etc.

UMLAUTED Um"laut*ed, a. (Philol.)

Defn: Having the umlaut; as, umlauted vowels. There is so natural connection between umlauted forms and plurality. Earle.

UMPIRAGE Um"pi*rage (; 48), n. Etym: [From Umpire.]

1. The office of an umpire; the power, right, or authority of an umpire to decide. The mind umpirage of the federal Union. E. Everett.

2. The act of umpiring; arbitrament. Bp. Hall.

UMPIRE Um"pire, n. Etym: [OE. nompere, nounpere (also impier, fr. F. impair uneven), fr. OF. nomper uneven, F. non-pair; hence the meaning, uneven, i. e., third person; non not + OF. per even, equal, peer, F. pair; cf. L. impar uneven, unequal. See Non-, and Peer, n.]

1. A person to whose sole decision a controversy or question between parties is referred; especially, one chosen to see that the rules of a game, as cricket, baseball, or the like, are strictly observed. A man, in questions of this kind, is able to be a skillful umpire between himself and others. Barrow.

2. (Law)

Defn: A third person, who is to decide a controversy or question submitted to arbitrators in case of their disagreement. Blackstone.

Syn. -- Judge; arbitrator; referee. See Judge.

UMPIRE Um"pire, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Umpired; p. pr. & vb. n. Umpiring.]

1. To decide as umpire; to arbitrate; to settle, as a dispute. Judges appointed to umpire the matter in contest between them, and to decide where the right lies. South.

2. To perform the duties of umpire in or for; as, to umpire a game. [Colloq.]

UMPIRE Um"pire, v. i.

Defn: To act as umpire or arbitrator.

UMPIRESHIP Um"pire*ship, n.

Defn: Umpirage; arbitrament. Jewel.

UMPRESS Um"press, n.

Defn: Female umpire. [R.] Marston.

UMPTEEN umpteen, [Colloq.]

Defn: An indefinite number, usu. more than ten and less than one hundred; a lot. Often used hyperbolically, and usually expressing the notion of more than the usual number or more than I would like; -- "I've told you umpteen times not to do that." umpteenth. Ordinal of umpteen, with corresponding signification.

UMQUHILE Um"quhile, adv. Etym: [Cf. OF. umwhile for a time. See While.]

Defn: Some time ago; formerly. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. -- a.

Defn: Former. [Scot.]

UN- Un-. Etym: [OE. un-, on-, the unaccented form of the accented prefix and- (cf. Answer); akin to D. ont-, G. ent-, OHG. int-, Goth. and-. See Anti-.]

Defn: An inseparable verbal prefix or particle. It is prefixed: (a) To verbs to express the contrary, and not the simple negative, of the action of the verb to which it is prefixed; as in uncoil, undo, unfold. (b) To nouns to form verbs expressing privation of the thing, quality, or state expressed by the noun, or separation from it; as in unchild, unsex. Sometimes particles and participial adjectives formed with this prefix coincide in form with compounds of the negative prefix un- (see 2d Un-); as in undone (from undo), meaning unfastened, ruined; and undone (from 2d un- and done) meaning not done, not finished. Un- is sometimes used with an intensive force merely; as in unloose.

Note: Compounds of this prefix are given in full in their proper order in the Vocabulary.

UN- Un-. Etym: [OE. & AS. un-; akin to OFries. un-, D. on-, OS., OHG., & G. un-, Icel. o-, u-, Sw. o-, Dan. u-, W. an-, L. in-, Gr. an-, a-. *193. Cf. A- not In- not, No, adv.]

Defn: An inseparable prefix, or particle, signifying not; in-; non-. In- is prefixed mostly to words of Latin origin, or else to words formed by Latin suffixes; un- is of much wider application, and is attached at will to almost any adjective, or participle used adjectively, or adverb, from which it may be desired to form a corresponding negative adjective or adverb, and is also, but less freely, prefixed to nouns. Un- sometimes has merely an intensive force; as in unmerciless, unremorseless. I.

Defn: Un- is prefixed to adjectives, or to words used adjectively. Specifically: -- (a) To adjectives, to denote the absence of the quality designated by the adjective; as, ------ and the like.

(b) To past particles, or to adjectives formed after the analogy of past particles, to indicate the absence of the condition or state expressed by them; as, -Unabolishable Unabsolvable Unabsurd Unabundant Unaccordant Unadoptable Unadventurous Unaffable Unaffectionate Unafraid Unalliable Unallowablew Unalterable Unambiguous Unambitious Unamendable Un-American Unamusive Unangular Unanxious Unapocryphal Unapostolic Unapparent Unappeasable Unapplausive Unappreciable Unapprehensible Unapprehensive Unapproachable Unartificial Unartistic Unassailable Unattainable Unattentive Unauthentic Unavailable Unbailable Unbearable Unbeautiful Unbeliefful Unbelievable Unbeneficial Unbenevolent Unblamable Unblemishable Unblissful Unboastful Unbold Unbookish Unbounteous Unbribable Unbrotherly Unburdensome Unbusinesslike Unbusy Uncandid Uncanonical Uncaptious Uncareful Uncelestial Unceremonious Unchallengeable Unchangeable Unchary Unchastisable Uncheerful

---- and the like.

(c) To present particles which come from intransitive verbs, or are themselves employed as adjectives, to mark the absence of the activity, disposition, or condition implied by the participle; as, -- --- and the like.

Note: The above classes of words are unlimited in extent, and such compounds may be formed by any writer or speaker at will from almost all the adjectives or participles in the language, excepting those which have a recognized and usual negative correspondent with the prefix -in. No attempt will be made, therefore, to define them all in this Dictionary; many will be omitted from its Vocabulary which are negations of the simple word, and are readily explained by prefixing a not to the latter. Derivatives of these words in -ly and -ness will also, for the most part, be omitted for the same or similar reasons. There will be inserted as separate articles with definitions, the following: --1. Those which have acquired an opposed or contrary, instead of a merely negative, meaning; as, unfriendly, ungraceful, unpalatable, unquiet, and the like; or else an intensive sense more than a prefixed not would express; as, unending, unparalleled, undisciplined, undoubted, unsafe, and the like. 2. Those which have the value of independent words, inasmuch as the simple words are either not used at all, or are rarely, or at least much less frequently, used; as, unavoidable, unconscionable, undeniable, unspeakable, unprecedented, unruly, and the like; or inasmuch as they are used in a different sense from the usual meaning of the primitive, or especially in one of the significations of the latter; as, unaccountable, unalloyed, unbelieving, unpretending, unreserved, and the like; or inasmuch as they are so frequently and familiarly used that they are hardly felt to be of negative origin; as, uncertain, uneven, and the like. 3. Those which are anomalous, provincial, or, for some other reason, not desirable to be used, and are so indicated; as, unpure for impure, unsatisfaction for dissatisfaction, unexpressible for inexpressible, and the like. II.

Defn: Un- is prefixed to nouns to express the absence of, or the contrary of, that which the noun signifies; as, unbelief, unfaith, unhealth, unrest, untruth, and the like.

Note: Compounds of this last class are given in full in their proper order in the Vocabulary.

UNABILITY Un`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Inability. [Obs.]

UNABLE Un*a"ble, a.

Defn: Not able; not having sufficient strength, means, knowledge, skill, or the like; impotent' weak; helpless; incapable; -- now usually followed by an infinitive or an adverbial phrase; as, unable for work; unable to bear fatigue. Sapless age and weak unable limbs. Shak.

UNABLED Un*a"bled, a.

Defn: Disabled. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

UNABLENESS Un*a"ble*ness, n.

Defn: Inability. [Obs.] Hales.

UNA BOAT U"na boat`. (Naut.)

Defn: The English name for a catboat; -- so called because Una was the name of the first boat of this kind taken to England. D. Kemp.

UNABRIDGED Un`a*bridged", a.

Defn: Not abridged, or shortened; full; complete; entire; whole.

UNABSORBABLE Un`ab*sorb"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not absorbable; specifically (Physiol.), not capable of absorption; unable to pass by osmosis into the circulating blood; as, the unabsorbable portion of food.

UNACCEPTABILITY Un`ac*cept`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being unacceptable; unacceptableness.

UNACCEPTABLE Un`ac*cept"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not acceptable; not pleasing; not welcome; unpleasant; disagreeable; displeasing; offensive. -- Un`ac*cept"a*ble*ness, n. -- Un`ac*cept"a*bly, adv.

UNACCESSIBLE Un`ac*cess"i*ble, a.

Defn: Inaccessible. Herbert.

UNACCOMPLISHED Un`ac*com"plished, a.

Defn: Not accomplished or performed; unfinished; also, deficient in accomplishment; unrefined.

UNACCOMPLISHMENT Un`ac*com"plish*ment, n.

Defn: The state of being unaccomplished. [Obs.] Milton.

UNACCOUNTABILITY Un`ac*count`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being unaccountable.

UNACCOUNTABLE Un`ac*count"a*ble, a.

1. Not accountable or responsible; free from control. South.

2. Not to be accounted for; inexplicable; not consonant with reason or rule; strange; mysterious. -- Un`ac*count"a*ble*ness}, n. -- Un`ac*count"a*bly, adv.

UNACCURATE Un*ac"cu*rate, a.

Defn: Inaccurate. Boyle.

UNACCURATENESS Un*ac"cu*rate*ness, n.

Defn: Inaccuracy. Boyle.

UNACCUSTOMED Un`ac*cus"tomed, a.

1. Not used; not habituated; unfamiliar; unused; -- which to. Chastened as a bullock unaccustomed to yoke. Jer. xxxi. 18.

2. Not usual; uncommon; strange; new. What unaccustomed cause procures her hither Shak.

UNACQUAINTANCE Un`ac*quaint"ance, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being unacquainted; want of acquaintance; ignorance. He was then in happy unacquaintance with everything connected with that obnoxious cavity. Sir W. Hamilton.

UNACQUAINTED Un`ac*quaint"ed, a.

1. Not acquainted. Cowper.

2. Not usual; unfamiliar; strange. [Obs.] And the unacquainted light began to fear. Spenser.

UNACQUAINTEDNESS Un`ac*quaint"ed*ness, n.

Defn: Unacquaintance. Whiston.

UNACTIVE Un*ac"tive, a.

Defn: Inactive; listless. [R.] While other animals unactive range. Milton.

UNACTIVE Un*ac"tive, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + active; or from unactive, a.]

Defn: To render inactive or listless. [Obs.] Fuller.

UNACTIVENESS Un*ac"tive*ness, n.

Defn: Inactivity. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

UNADMISSIBLE; UNADMITTABLE Un`ad*mis"si*ble, Un`ad*mit"ta*ble, a.

Defn: Inadmissible. [R.]

UNADULTERATE; UNADULTERATED Un`a*dul"ter*ate, Un`a*dul"ter*a`ted, a.

Defn: Not adulterated; pure. "Unadulterate air." Cowper. -- Un`a*dul"ter*ate*ly, adv.

UNADVISABLE Un`ad*vis"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not advisable; inadvisable; inexpedient. Lowth. -- Un`ad*vis"a*bly, adv.

UNADVISED Un`ad*vised", a.

1. Not prudent; not discreet; ill advised. Shak.

2. Done without due consideration; wanton; rash; inconsiderate; as, an unadvised proceeding. -- Un`ad*vis"ed*ly, adv. -- Un`ad*vis"ed*ness, n.

UNAFFECTED Un`af*fect"ed, a.

1. Not affected or moved; destitute of affection or emotion; uninfluenced. A poor, cold, unspirited, unmannered, Unhonest, unaffected, undone fool. J. Fletcher.

2. Free from affectation; plain; simple; natural; real; sincere; genuine; as, unaffected sorrow. -- Un`af*fect"ed*ly, adv. -- Un`af*fect"ed*ness, n.

UNAFILED Un`a*filed", a.

Defn: Undefiled. [Obs.] Gower.

UNAGREEABLE Un`a*gree"a*ble, a.

1. Disagreeable.

2. Not agreeing or consistent; unsuitable. Shak. -- Un`a*gree"a*ble*ness, n. -- Un`a*gree"a*bly, adv.

UNAIDABLE Un*aid"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being aided. "Her unaidable estate." Shak.

UNALIENABLE Un*al"ien*a*ble, a.

Defn: Inalienable; as, unalienable rights. Swift. -- Un*al"ien*a*bly, adv.

UNALIST U"nal*ist, n. Etym: [L. unus one.] (Eccl.)

Defn: An ecclesiastical who holds but one benefice; -- distinguished from pluralist. [Eng.] V. Knox.

UNALLIED Un`al*lied", a.

Defn: Not allied; having no ally; having no connection or relation; as, unallied species or genera.

UNALLOYED Un`al*loyed", a.

Defn: Not alloyed; not reduced by foreign admixture; unmixed; unqualified; pure; as, unalloyed metals; unalloyed happiness. I enjoyed unalloyed satisfaction in his company. Mitford.

UNALMSED Un*almsed", a.

Defn: Not having received alms. [Obs. & R.] Pollock.

UNAMBIGUITY Un*am`bi*gu"i*ty, n.

Defn: Absence of ambiguity; clearness; perspicuity.

UNAMBITION Un`am*bi"tion, n.

Defn: The absence of ambition. [R.] F. W. Newman.

UNAMIABILITY Un*a`mi*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being unamiable; moroseness.

UNAMIABLE Un*a"mi*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not amiable; morose; ill-natured; repulsive. -- Un*a"mi*a*bly, adv.

UNANCHOR Un*an"chor, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + anchor.]

Defn: To loose from the anchor, as a ship. De Quincey.

UNANELED Un`a*neled", a.

Defn: Not aneled; not having received extreme unction. Shak.

UNANIMATE U*nan"i*mate, a. Etym: [See Unanimous.]

Defn: Unanimous. [Obs.]

UNANIMITY U`na*nim"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. unanimitas: cf. F. unanimité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being unanimous.

UNANIMOUS U*nan"i*mous, a. Etym: [L. unanimus, unanimus; unus one + animus mind: cf. F. unanime. See Unit, and Animate.]

1. Being of one mind; agreeing in opinion, design, or determination; consentient; not discordant or dissentient; harmonious; as, the assembly was unanimous; the members of the council were unanimous. "Both in one faith unanimous." Milton.

2. Formed with unanimity; indicating unanimity; having the agreement and consent of all; agreed upon without the opposition or contradiction of any; as, a unanimous opinion; a unanimous vote. -- U*nan"i*mous*ly, adv. -- U*nan"i*mous*ness, n.

UNANSWERABILITY Un*an`swer*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being unanswerable; unanswerableness.

UNANSWERABLE Un*an"swer*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not answerable; irrefutable; conclusive; decisive; as, he have an unanswerable argument. -- Un*an"swer*a*ble*ness, n. -- Un*an"swer*a*bly, adv.

UNANSWERED Un*an"swered, a.

1. Not answered; not replied; as, an unanswered letter.

2. Not refuted; as, an unanswered argument.

3. Not responded to in kind; unrequited; as, unanswered affection.

UNAPPALLED Un`ap*palled", a.

Defn: Not appalled; not frightened; dauntless; undaunted. Milton.

UNAPPAREL Un`ap*par"el, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + apparel.]

Defn: To divest of clothing; to strip. [Obs.] Donne.

UNAPPEALABLE Un`ap*peal"a*ble, a.

1. Not appealable; that can not be carried to a higher tribunal by appeal; as, an unappealable suit or action.

2. Not to be appealed from; -- said of a judge or a judgment that can not be overruled. The infallible, unappealable Judge [God]. South. We submitted to a galling yet unappealable necessity. Shelley. -- Un`ap*peal"a*bly, adv.

UNAPPLIABLE Un`ap*pli"a*ble, a.

Defn: Inapplicable. Milton.

UNAPPLICABLE Un*ap"pli*ca*ble, a.

Defn: Inapplicable.

UNAPPROPRIATE Un`ap*pro"pri*ate, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + appropriate, a.]

1. Inappropriate; unsuitable.

2. Not appropriated. Bp. Warburton.

UNAPPROPRIATE Un`ap*pro"pri*ate, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + appropriate, v. t.]

Defn: To take from private possession; to restore to the possession or right of all; as, to unappropriate a monopoly. [R.] Milton.

UNAPPROPRIATED Un`ap*pro"pri*a`ted, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + appropriated.]

1. Not specially appropriate; having not special application. J. Warton.

2. Not granted to any person, corporation, or the like, to the exclusion of others; as, unappropriated lands.

3. Not granted for, or applied to, any specific purpose; as, the unappropriated moneys in the treasury.

UNAPPROVED Un`ap*proved", a.

1. Not approved.

2. Not proved. [Obs.]

UNAPT Un*apt", a.

1. Inapt; slow; dull. Bacon.

2. Unsuitable; unfit; inappropriate. Macaulay.

3. Not accustomed and not likely; not disposed. I am a soldier and unapt to weep. Shak. -- Un*apt"ly, adv. -- Un*apt"ness, n.

UNAQUIT Un`a*quit", a. Etym: [See Un- not, and Acquit.]

Defn: Unrequited. [R. & Obs.] Gower.

UNARGUED Un*ar"gued, a.

1. Not argued or debated.

2. Not argued against; undisputed. [Obs.] Milton.

3. Not censured. [A Latinism. Obs.] B. Jonson.

UNARM Un*arm", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + arm.]

Defn: To disarm. Sir T. Browne.

UNARM Un*arm", v. i.

Defn: To puff off, or lay down, one's arms or armor. "I'll unarm again." Shak.

UNARMED Un*armed", a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + armed.]

1. Not armed or armored; having no arms or weapons.

2. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Having no hard and sharp projections, as spines, prickles, spurs, claws, etc.

UNARTED Un*art"ed, a.

1. Ignorant of the arts. [Obs.] E. Waterhouse.

2. Not artificial; plain; simple. [Obs.] Feltham.

UNARTFUL Un*art"ful, a.

Defn: Lacking art or skill; artless. Congreve. -- Un*art"ful*ly, adv. Swift. Burke.

UNARTISTIC Un`ar*tis"tic, a.

Defn: Inartistic.

UNASCRIED Un`a*scried", a.

Defn: Not descried. [Obs.]

UNASERVED Un`a*served", a.

Defn: Not served. [Obs.]

UNASSENTED Un`as*sent"ed, a.

Defn: Not assented; -- said specif. of stocks or bonds the holders of which refuse to deposit them by way of assent to an agreement altering their status, as in a readjustment.

UNASSUMING Un`as*sum"ing, a.

Defn: Not assuming; not bold or forward; not arrogant or presuming; humble; modest; retiring; as, an unassuming youth; unassuming manners.

UNASSURED Un`as*sured", a.

1. Not assured; not bold or confident.

2. Not to be trusted. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. Not insured against loss; as, unassured goods.

UNATONABLE Un`a*ton"a*ble, a.

1. Not capable of being brought into harmony; irreconcilable. "Unatonable matrimony." [Obs.] Milton.

2. Incapable of being atoned for; inexpiable.

UNATTACHED Un`at*tached", a.

1. Not attached; not adhering; having no engagement; free.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: Not assigned to any company or regiment.

3. (Law)

Defn: Not taken or arrested. R. Junius.

UNATTENTIVE Un`at*ten"tive, a.

Defn: Inattentive; careless.

UNATTIRE Un`at*tire", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + altire.]

Defn: To divest of attire; to undress.

UNAU U*nau", n. Etym: [Brazilian.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The two-toed sloth (Cholopus didactylus), native of South America. It is about two feet long. Its color is a uniform grayish brown, sometimes with a reddish tint.

UNAUDIENCED Un*au"di*enced, a.

Defn: Not given an audience; not received or heard.

UNAUSPICIOUS Un`aus*pi"cious, a.

Defn: Inauspicious. Rowe.

UNAUTHORIZE Un*au"thor*ize, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + authorize.]

Defn: To disown the authority of; to repudiate.

UNAVOIDABLE Un`a*void"a*ble, a.

1. Not avoidable; incapable of being shunned or prevented; inevitable; necessary; as, unavoidable troubles.

2. (Law)

Defn: Not voidable; incapable of being made null or void. Blackstone. Unavoidable hemorrhage (Med.), hemorrhage produced by the afterbirth, or placenta, being situated over the mouth of the womb so as to require detachment before the child can be born. -- Un`a*void"a*ble*ness, n. -- Un`a*void"a*bly, adv.

UNAVOIDED Un`a*void"ed, a.

1. Not avoided or shunned. Shak.

2. Unavoidable; inevitable. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

UNAWARE Un`a*ware", a.

Defn: Not aware; not noticing; giving no heed; thoughtless; inattentive. Swift.

UNAWARE Un`a*ware", adv.

Defn: Unawares. [Poetic] Dryden.

UNAWARES Un`a*wares", adv

Defn: , Without design or preparation; suddenly; without premeditation, unexpectedly. "Mercies lighting unawares." J. H. Newman. Lest unawares we lose This our high place, our sanctuary, our hill. Milton. At unaware, or At unawares, unexpectedly; by surprise. He breaks at unawares upon our walks. Dryden. So we met In this old sleepy town an at unaware. R. Browning.

UNBACKED Un*backed", a.

1. Never mounted by a rider; unbroken. "Unbacked colts." Shak.

2. Not supported or encouraged; not countenanced; unaided. Daniel.

UNBAG Un*bag", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bag.]

Defn: To pour, or take, or let go, out of a bag or bags.

UNBALANCED Un*bal"anced, a. Etym: [In senses 1 and 2, pref. un- not + balanced; in sense 3, 1st pref. un- + balance.]

1. Not balanced; not in equipoise; having no counterpoise, or having insufficient counterpoise. Let Earth unbalanced from her orbit fly. Pope.

2. (Com.)

Defn: Not adjusted; not settled; not brought to an equality of debt and credit; as, an unbalanced account; unbalanced books.

3. Being, or being thrown, out of equilibrium; hence, disordered or deranged in sense; unsteady; unsound; as, an unbalanced mind. Pope.

UNBALLAST Un*bal"last, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + ballast.]

Defn: To free from ballast; to discharge ballast from. Totten.

UNBALLAST Un*bal"last, a.

Defn: Not ballasted. [Obs. & R.] Addison.

UNBALLASTED Un*bal"last*ed, a.

1. Etym: [Properly p. p. unballast.]

Defn: Freed from ballast; having discharged ballast.

2. Etym: [Pref. un- not + ballasted.]

Defn: Not furnished with ballast; not kept steady by ballast; unsteady; as, unballasted vessels; unballasted wits. Unballasted by any sufficient weight of plan. De Quincey.

UNBANED Un*ban"ed, a. Etym: [1st un- + band + -ed.]

Defn: Wanting a band or string; unfastened. [Obs.] Shak.

UNBANK Un*bank", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bank.]

Defn: To remove a bank from; to open by, or as if by, the removal of a bank. H. Taylor.

UNBAR Un*bar", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bar.]

Defn: To remove a bar or bars from; to unbolt; to open; as, to unbar a gate. Heber.

UNBARBED Un*barbed", a.

1. Not shaven. [Obs.]

2. Destitute of bards, or of reversed points, hairs, or plumes; as, an unbarded feather.

UNBARK Un*bark", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bark rind.]

Defn: To deprive of the bark; to decorticate; to strip; as, to unbark a tree. Bacon.

UNBARK Un*bark", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bark the vessel.]

Defn: To cause to disembark; to land. [Obs.] Hakluyt.

UNBARREL Un*bar"rel, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + barrel.]

Defn: To remove or release from a barrel or barrels.

UNBARRICADE Un*bar`ri*cade", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + barricade.]

Defn: To unbolt; to unbar; to open. You shall not unbarricade the door. J. Webster (1623).

UNBARRICADOED Un*bar`ri*ca"doed, a.

Defn: Not obstructed by barricades; open; as, unbarricadoed streets. Burke.

UNBASHFUL Un*bash"ful, a.

Defn: Not bashful or modest; bold; impudent; shameless. Shak.

UNBAY Un*bay", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bay to dam.]

Defn: To free from the restraint of anything that surrounds or incloses; to let loose; to open. [Obs.] I ought . . . to unbay the current of my passion. Norris.

UNBE Un*be", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + be.]

Defn: To cause not to be; to cause to be another. [Obs. & R.] How oft, with danger of the field beset, Or with home mutinies, would he unbe Himself! Old Pay.

UNBEAR Un*bear", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bear to support.]

Defn: To remove or loose the bearing rein of (a horse).

UNBEAT Un*beat", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + beast.]

Defn: To deliver from the form or nature of a beast.

UNBECOME Un`be*come", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + become.]

Defn: To misbecome. [Obs.] Bp. Sherlock.

UNBECOMING Un`be*com"ing, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + becoming.]

Defn: Not becoming; unsuitable; unfit; indecorous; improper. My grief lets unbecoming speeches fall. Dryden. -- Un`be*com"ing*ly, adv. -- Un`be*com"ing*ness, n.

UNBED Un*bed", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bed.]

Defn: To raise or rouse from bed. Eels unbed themselves and stir at the noise of thunder. Wa

UNBEDINNED Un`be*dinned", a.

Defn: Not filled with din.

UNBEFOOL Un`be*fool", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + befool.]

Defn: To deliver from the state of a fool; to awaken the mind of; to undeceive.

UNBEGET Un`be*get", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + beget.]

Defn: To deprive of existence. Dryden.

UNBEGILT Un`be*gilt", a.

Defn: Not gilded; hence, not rewarded with gold.

UNBEGOT; UNBEGOTTEN Un`be*got", Un`be*got"ten, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + begot, begotten.]

Defn: Not begot; not yet generated; also, having never been generated; self-existent; eternal.

UNBEGUILE Un`be*guile", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Unbeguiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Unbeguiling.] Etym: [1st pref. un- + beguile.]

Defn: To set free from the influence of guile; to undeceive. "Then unbeguile thyself." Donne.

UNBEGUN Un`be*gun", a.

Defn: Not yet begun; also, existing without a beginning.

UNBEHOVELY Un`be*hove"ly, a.

Defn: Not behooving or becoming; unseemly. [Obs. & R.] Gower.

UNBEING Un*be"ing, a.

Defn: Not existing. [Obs.] "Beings yet unbeing." Sir T. Browne.

UNBEKNOWN Un`be*known", a.

Defn: Not known; unknown. [Colloq.]

UNBELIEF Un`be*lief", n. Etym: [Pref. un- not + belief: cf. AS. ungeleáfa.]

1. The withholding of belief; doubt; incredulity; skepticism.

2. Disbelief; especially, disbelief of divine revelation, or in a divine providence or scheme of redemption. Blind unbelief is sure to err, And scan his work in vain. Cowper.

Syn. -- See Disbelief.

UNBELIEVED Un`be*lieved", a.

Defn: Not believed; disbelieved.

UNBELIEVER Un`be*liev"er, n.

1. One who does not believe; an incredulous person; a doubter; a skeptic.

2. A disbeliever; especially, one who does not believe that the Bible is a divine revelation, and holds that Christ was neither a divine nor a supernatural person; an infidel; a freethinker.

Syn. -- See Infidel.

UNBELIEVING Un`be*liev"ing, a.

1. Not believing; incredulous; doubting; distrusting; skeptical.

2. Believing the thing alleged no to be true; disbelieving; especially, believing that Bible is not a divine revelation, or that Christ was not a divine or a supernatural person. "Unbelieving Jews." Acts xiv. 2. -- Un`be*liev"ing*ly, adv. -- -- Un`be*liev"ing*ness, n.

UNBELT Un*belt", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + belt.]

Defn: To remove or loose the belt of; to ungird.

UNBEND Un*bend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Unbent; p. pr. & vb. n. Unbending.] Etym: [1st pref. un- + bend.]

1. To free from flexure; to make, or allow to become, straight; to loosen; as, to unbend a bow.

2. A remit from a strain or from exertion; to set at ease for a time; to relax; as, to unbend the mind from study or care. You do unbend your noble strength. Shak.

3. (Naut.) (a) To unfasten, as sails, from the spars or stays to which they are attached for use. (b) To cast loose or untie, as a rope.

UNBEND Un*bend", v. i.

1. To cease to be bent; to become straight or relaxed.

2. To relax in exertion, attention, severity, or the like; hence, to indulge in mirth or amusement.

UNBENDING Un*bend"ing, a. Etym: [In senses 1, 2, and 3, pref. un- not + bending; in sense 4, properly p. pr. unbend.]

1. Not bending; not suffering flexure; not yielding to pressure; stiff; -- applied to material things. Flies o'er unbending corn, and skims along the main. Pope.

2. Unyielding in will; not subject to persuasion or influence; inflexible; resolute; -- applied to persons.

3. Unyielding in nature; unchangeable; fixed; -- applied to abstract ideas; as, unbending truths.

4. Devoted to relaxation or amusement. [R.] It may entertain your lordships at an unbending hour. Rowe. -- Un*bend"ing*ly, adv. -- Un*bend"ing*ness, n.

UNBENEVOLENCE Un`be*nev"o*lence, n.

Defn: Absence or want of benevolence; ill will.

UNBENIGN Un`be*nign", a.

Defn: Not benign; malignant.

UNBENUMB Un`be*numb", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + benumb.]

Defn: To relieve of numbness; to restore sensation to.

UNBEREAVEN Un`be*reav"en, a.

Defn: Unbereft. [R.]

UNBEREFT Un`be*reft", a.

Defn: Not bereft; not taken away.

UNBESEEM Un`be*seem", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + beseem.]

Defn: To be unbecoming or unsuitable to; to misbecome.

UNBESEEMING Un`be*seem"ing, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + beseeming.]

Defn: Unbecoming; not befitting. -- Un`be*seem"ing*ly, adv. -- Un`be*seem"ing*ness, n.

UNBESPEAK Un`be*speak", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bespeak.]

Defn: To unsay; hence, to annul or cancel. [Obs.] Pepys.

UNBETHINK Un`be*think", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bethink.]

Defn: To change the mind of (one's self). [Obs.]

UNBEWARE Un`be*ware", adv.

Defn: Unawares. [Obs.] Bale.

UNBEWITCH Un`be*witch", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bewitch.]

Defn: To free from a spell; to disenchant. [R.] South.

UNBIAS Un*bi"as, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bias.]

Defn: To free from bias or prejudice. Swift.

UNBIASED Un*bi"ased, a. Etym: [Pref. un- + biased.]

Defn: Free from bias or prejudice; unprejudiced; impartial. -- Un*bi"ased*ness, n.

UNBID; UNBIDDEN Un*bid", Un*bid"den, a.

1. Not bidden; not commanded. Thorns also and thistles it shall bring thee forth Unbid; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field. Milton.

2. Uninvited; as, unbidden guests. Shak.

3. Being without a prayer. [Obs.] Spenser.

UNBIND Un*bind", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Unbound; p. pr. & vb. n. Unbinding.] Etym: [AS. unbindan. See Un-, and Bind.]

Defn: To remove a band from; to set free from shackles or fastenings; to unite; to unfasten; to loose; as, unbind your fillets; to unbind a prisoner's arms; to unbind a load.

UNBISHOP Un*bish"op, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bishop.]

Defn: To deprive, as a city, of a bishop; to deprive, as a clergyman, of episcopal dignity or rights. [R.] "Then he unbishops himself." Milton.

UNBIT Un*bit", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Unbitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Unbitting.] Etym: [1st pref. un- + bit.] (Naut.)

Defn: To remove the turns of (a rope or cable) from the bits; as, to unbit a cable. Totten.

UNBLEMISHED Un*blem"ished, a.

Defn: Not blemished; pure; spotless; as, an unblemished reputation or life. Addison.

UNBLESS Un*bless", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bless.]

Defn: To deprive of blessings; to make wretched. [Obs.] Shak.

UNBLESSED; UNBLEST Un*blessed", Un*blest, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + blessed, blest.]

Defn: Not blest; excluded from benediction; hence, accursed; wretched. "Unblessed enchanter." Milton.

UNBLESTFUL Un*blest"ful, a.

Defn: Unblessed. [R.] Sylvester.

UNBLIND Un*blind", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + blind.]

Defn: To free from blindness; to give or restore sight to; to open the eyes of. [R.] J. Webster (1607).

UNBLINDFOLD Un*blind"fold`, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + blindfold.]

Defn: To free from that which blindfolds. Spenser.

UNBLOODY Un*blood"y, a.

Defn: Not bloody. Dryden. Unbloody sacrifice. (a) A sacrifice in which no victim is slain. (b) (R. C. Ch.) The Mass.

UNBLUSHING Un*blush"ing, a.

Defn: Not blushing; shameless. -- Un*blush"ing*ly, adv.

UNBODY Un*bod"y, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + body.]

Defn: To free from the body; to disembody. Her soul unbodied of the burdenous corse. Spenser.

UNBODY Un*bod"y, v. i.

Defn: To leave the body; to be disembodied; -- said of the soul or spirit. [R.] Chaucer.

UNBOLT Un*bolt", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bolt.]

Defn: To remove a bolt from; to unfasten; to unbar; to open. "He shall unbolt the gates." Shak.

UNBOLT Un*bolt", v. i.

Defn: To explain or unfold a matter; to make a revelation. [Obs.] "I will unbolt to you." Shak.

UNBONE Un*bone", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bone.]

1. To deprive of bones, as meat; to bone.

2. To twist about, as if boneless. [R.] Milton.

UNBONNET Un*bon"net, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bonnet.]

Defn: To take a bonnet from; to take off one's bonnet; to uncover; as, to unbonnet one's head. Sir W. Scott.

UNBOOKED Un*booked", a.

Defn: Not written in a book; unrecorded. "UnbookedEnglish life." Masson.

UNBOOT Un*boot", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + boot.]

Defn: To take off the boots from.

UNBORN Un*born", a.

Defn: Not born; no yet brought into life; being still to appear; future. Some unborn sorrow, ripe in fortune's womb. Shak. See future sons, and daughters yet unborn. Pope.

UNBORROWED Un*bor"rowed, a.

Defn: Not borrowed; being one's own; native; original.

UNBOSOM Un*bos"om, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Unbosomed; p. pr. & vb. n. Unbosoming.] Etym: [1st pref. un- + bosom.]

Defn: To disclose freely; to reveal in confidence, as secrets; to confess; -- often used reflexively; as, to unbosom one's self. Milton.

UNBOSOMER Un*bos"om*er, n.

Defn: One who unbosoms, or discloses. [R.] "An unbosomer of secrets." Thackeray.

UNBOTTOMED Un*bot"tomed, a.

1. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bottom + -ed.]

Defn: Deprived of a bottom.

2. Etym: [Pref. un- not + bottomed.]

Defn: Having no bottom; bottomless. Milton.

UNBOUND Un*bound",

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Unbind.

UNBOUNDABLY Un*bound"a*bly, adv.

Defn: Infinitely. [Obs.] I am . . . unboundably beholding to you. J. Webster (1607).

UNBOUNDED Un*bound"ed, a.

Defn: Having no bound or limit; as, unbounded space; an, unbounded ambition. Addison. -- Un*bound"ed*ly, adv. -- Un*bound"ed*ness, n.

UNBOW Un*bow", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bow.]

Defn: To unbend. [R.] Fuller.

UNBOWED Un*bowed", a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + bowed.]

Defn: Not bent or arched; not bowed down. Byron.

UNBOWEL Un*bow"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Unboweled or Unbowelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Unboweling or Unbowelling.] Etym: [1st pref. un- + bowel.]

Defn: To deprive of the entrails; to disembowel. Dr. H. More.

UNBOX Un*box", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + box.]

Defn: To remove from a box or boxes.

UNBOY Un*boy", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + boy.]

Defn: To divest of the traits of a boy. [R.] Clarendon.

UNBRACE Un*brace", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + brace.]

Defn: To free from tension; to relax; to loose; as, to unbrace a drum; to unbrace the nerves. Spenser.

UNBRAID Un*braid", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + braid.]

Defn: To separate the strands of; to undo, as a braid; to unravel; to disentangle.

UNBREAST Un*breast", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + breast.]

Defn: To disclose, or lay open; to unbosom. [Obs.] P. Fletcher,

UNBREATHED Un*breathed", a.

1. Not breathed.

2. Not exercised; unpracticed. [Obs.] "Their unbreathed memories." Shak.

UNBRED Un*bred", a.

1. Not begotten; unborn. [Obs.] "Thou age unbred." Shak.

2. Not taught or trained; -- with to. Dryden.

3. Not well-bred; ill-bred. [Obs.] Locke.

UNBREECH Un*breech", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Unbreeched; p. pr. & vb. n. Unbreching.] Etym: [1st pref. un- + breech.]

1. To remove the breeches of; to divest or strip of breeches. Shak.

2. (Gun.)

Defn: To free the breech of, as a cannon, from its fastenings or coverings. Pennant.

UNBREWED Un*brewed", a.

Defn: Not made by brewing; unmixed; pure; genuine. [R.] Young.

UNBRIDLE Un*bri"dle, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bridle.]

Defn: To free from the bridle; to set loose.

UNBRIDLED Un*bri"dled, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + bridled.]

Defn: Loosed from the bridle, or as from the bridle; hence, unrestrained; licentious; violent; as, unbridled passions. "Unbridled boldness." B. Jonson. Lands deluged by unbridled floods. Wordsworth. -- Un*bri"dled*ness, n. Abp. Leighton.

UNBROKEN Un*bro"ken, a.

Defn: Not broken; continuous; unsubdued; as, an unbroken colt.

UNBUCKLE Un*buc"kle, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + buckle.]

Defn: To loose the buckles of; to unfasten; as, to unbuckle a shoe. "Unbuckle anon thy purse." Chaucer.

UNBUILD Un*build, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + build.]

Defn: To demolish; to raze. "To unbuild the city." Shak.

UNBUNDLE Un*bun"dle, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bundle.]

Defn: To release, as from a bundle; to disclose.

UNBUNG Un*bung", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bung.]

Defn: To remove the bung from; as, to unbung a cask.

UNBURDEN Un*bur"den, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + burden.]

1. To relieve from a burden.

2. To throw off, as a burden; to unload.

UNBURIABLE Un*bur"i*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not ready or not proper to be buried. Tennyson.

UNBURROW Un*bur"row, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + burrow.]

Defn: To force from a burrow; to unearth.

UNBURTHEN Un*bur"then, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + burthen.]

Defn: To unburden; to unload.

UNBURY Un*bur"y, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bury.]

Defn: To disinter; to exhume; fig., to disclose.

UNBUSIED Un*bus"ied, a.

Defn: Not required to work; unemployed; not busy. [R.] These unbusied persons can continue in this playing idleness till it become a toil. Bp. Rainbow

UNBUTTON Un*but"ton, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + button.]

Defn: To loose the buttons of; to unfasten.

UNBUXOM Un*bux"om, a.

Defn: Disobedient. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. -- Un*bux"om*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Un*bux"om*ness, n. [Obs.]

UNCAGE Un*cage", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + cage.]

Defn: To loose, or release, from, or as from, a cage.

UNCALLED-FOR Un*called"-for`, a.

Defn: Not called for; not required or needed; improper; gratuitous; wanton.

UNCALM Un*calm", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + calm.]

Defn: To disturb; to disquiet. Dryden.

UNCAMP Un*camp", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + camp.]

Defn: To break up the camp of; to dislodge from camp. [R.] If they could but now uncamp their enemies. Milton.

UNCANNY Un*can"ny, a.

Defn: Not canny; unsafe; strange; weird; ghostly. Sir W. Scott. -- Un*can"ni*ness, n. G. Eliot.

UNCANONIZE Un*can"on*ize, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + canonize.]

1. To deprive of canonical authority.

2. To reduce from the rank of a canonized saint.

UNCAP Un*cap", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + cap.]

Defn: To remove a cap or cover from.

UNCAPABLE Un*ca"pa*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable. [Obs.] "Uncapable of conviction." Locke.

UNCAPE Un*cape", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + cape.]

Defn: To remove a cap or cape from. [Obs.]

UNCAPPER Un*cap"per, n.

Defn: An instrument for removing an explode cap from a cartridge shell.

UNCARDINAL Un*car"di*nal, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + cardinal.]

Defn: To degrade from the cardinalship.

UNCARED Un*cared", a.

Defn: Not cared for; not heeded; -- with for.

UNCARNATE Un*car"nate, a.

Defn: Not fleshy; specifically, not made flesh; not incarnate. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

UNCARNATE Un*car"nate, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + carnate.]

Defn: To divest of flesh.

UNCART Un*cart", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + cart.]

Defn: To take from, or set free from, a cart; to unload.

UNCASE Un*case", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + case.]

1. To take out of a case or covering; to remove a case or covering from; to uncover. L'Estrange.

2. To strip; to flay. [Obs.]

3. (Mil.)

Defn: To display, or spread to view, as a flag, or the colors of a military body.

UNCASTLE Un*cas"tle, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + castle.]

Defn: To take a castle from; to turn out of a castle.

UNCAUSED Un*caused", a.

Defn: Having no antecedent cause; uncreated; self-existent; eternal. A. Baxter.

UNCAUTELOUS Un*cau"te*lous, a.

Defn: Incautious. [Obs.]

UNCAUTIOUS Un*cau"tious, a.

Defn: Incautious.

UNCAUTIOUSLY Un*cau"tious*ly, adv.

Defn: Incautiously.

UNCE Unce, n. Etym: [L. uncus hook.]

Defn: A claw. [Obs.]

UNCE Unce, n. Etym: [L. uncia ounce. See Ounce a weight.]

Defn: An ounce; a small portion. [Obs.] "By unces hung his locks." Chaucer.

UNCEASABLE Un*ceas"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not capable of being ended; unceasing. [R.]

UNCENTER; UNCENTRE Un*cen"ter, Un*cen"tre, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + center.]

Defn: To throw from its center.

UNCENTURY Un*cen"tu*ry, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + century.]

Defn: To remove from its actual century. [R.] It has first to uncentury itself. H. Drummond.

UNCERTAIN Un*cer"tain, a. Etym: [Pref. un- + certain. Cf. Incertain.]

1. Not certain; not having certain knowledge; not assured in mind; distrustful. Chaucer. Man, without the protection of a superior Being, . . . is uncertain of everything that he hopes for. Tillotson.

2. Irresolute; inconsonant; variable; untrustworthy; as, an uncertain person; an uncertain breeze. O woman! in our hours of ease, Uncertain, coy, and hard to please! Sir W. Scott.

3. Questionable; equivocal; indefinite; problematical. "The fashion of uncertain evils." Milton. From certain dangers to uncertain praise. Dryden.

4. Not sure; liable to fall or err; fallible. Soon bent his bow, uncertain in his aim. Dryden. Whistling slings dismissed the uncertain stone. Gay.

Syn. -- See Precarious.

UNCERTAIN Un*cer"tain, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + certain; or fr. uncertain, a.]

Defn: To make uncertain. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

UNCERTAINLY Un*cer"tain*ly, adv.

Defn: In an uncertain manner.

UNCERTAINTY Un*cer"tain*ty, n.; pl. Uncertainties (.

1. The quality or state of being uncertain.

2. That which is uncertain; something unknown. Our shepherd's case is every man's case that quits a moral certainty for an uncertainty. L'Estrange.

UNCESSANT Un*ces"sant, a.

Defn: Incessant. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. -- Un*ces"sant*ly, adv. [Obs.]

UNCHAIN Un*chain", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + chain.]

Defn: To free from chains or slavery; to let loose. Prior.

UNCHANCY Un*chan"cy, a. Etym: [Pref un- + Scot. chancy fortunate, safe.]

1. Happening at a bad time; unseasonable; inconvenient. A. Trollope.

2. Ill-fated; unlucky. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

3. Unsafe to meddle with; dangerous. [Scot.]

UNCHAPLAIN Un*chap"lain, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + chaplain.]

Defn: To remove from a chaplaincy.

UNCHARGE Un*charge", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + charge.]

1. To free from a charge or load; to unload. Wyclif.

2. To free from an accusation; to make no charge against; to acquit. Shak.

UNCHARIOT Un*char"i*ot, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + chariot.]

Defn: To throw out of a chariot. Pope.

UNCHARITABLE Un*char"i*ta*ble, a.

Defn: Not charitable; contrary to charity; severe in judging; harsh; censorious; as, uncharitable opinions or zeal. Addison. -- Un*char"i*ta*ble*ness, n. -- Un*char"i*ta*bly, adv.

UNCHARITY Un*char"i*ty, n.

Defn: Uncharitableness. Tennyson. 'T were much uncharity in you. J. Webster.

UNCHARM Un*charm", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + charm.]

Defn: To release from a charm, fascination, or secret power; to disenchant. Beau. & Fl.

UNCHARNEL Un*char"nel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Uncharneled; p. pr. & vb. n. Uncharneling.] Etym: [1st pref. un- + charnel.]

Defn: To remove from a charnel house; to raise from the grave; to exhume. Byron.

UNCHASTE Un*chaste", a.

Defn: Not chaste; not continent; lewd. -- Un*chaste"ly, adv. -- Un*chaste"ness, n.

UNCHASTITY Un*chas"ti*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being unchaste; lewdness; incontinence.

UNCHECKABLE Un*check"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not capable of being checked or stopped. [R.]

UNCHILD Un*child", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + child.]

1. To bereave of children; to make childless. Shak.

2. To make unlike a child; to divest of the characteristics of a child. Bp. Hall.

UNCHRISTEN Un*chris"ten, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + christen.]

Defn: To render unchristian. [Obs. & R.] Milton.

UNCHRISTENED Un*chris"tened, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + christened.]

Defn: Not christened; as, an unchristened child.

UNCHRISTIAN Un*chris"tian, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + Christian.]

1. Not Christian; not converted to the Christian faith; infidel.

2. Contrary to Christianity; not like or becoming a Christian; as, unchristian conduct.

UNCHRISTIAN Un*chris"tian, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + Christian.]

Defn: To make unchristian. [Obs.] South.

UNCHRISTIANIZE Un*chris"tian*ize, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + Christianize.]

Defn: To turn from the Christian faith; to cause to abandon the belief and profession of Christianity.

UNCHRISTIANLY Un*chris"tian*ly, a.

Defn: Unchristian. Milton.

UNCHRISTIANLY Un*chris"tian*ly, adv.

Defn: In an unchristian manner.

UNCHRISTIANNESS Un*chris"tian*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being unchristian. [R.] Eikon Basilike.

UNCHURCH Un*church", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + church.]

1. To expel, or cause to separate, from a church; to excommunicate. Sir M. Hale.

2. To deprive of the character, privileges, and authority of a church. South.

UNCIA Un"ci*a, n.; pl. Unciæ. Etym: [L. See Ounce a measure of weight.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A twelfth part, as of the Roman as; an ounce.

2. (Alg.)

Defn: A numerical coefficient in any particular case of the binomial theorem. [Obs.]

UNCIAL Un"cial, a. Etym: [L. uncialis amounting to the twelfth part of a pound or a foot, from uncia the twelfth part of a pound or of a foot, an ounce, an inch: cf. F. oncial. See Inch a measure.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a certain style of letters used in ancient manuscripts, esp. in Greek and Latin manuscripts. The letters are somewhat rounded, and the upstrokes and downstrokes usually have a slight inclination. These letters were used as early as the 1st century b. c., and were seldom used after the 10th century a. d., being superseded by the cursive style.

UNCIAL Un"cial, n.

Defn: An uncial letter.

UNCIATIM Un`ci*a"tim, adv. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Ounce by ounce.

UNCIFORM Un"ci*form, a. Etym: [L. uncus a hook + -form.]

Defn: Having the shape of a hook; being of a curved or hooked from; hooklike. Unciform bone (Anat.), a bone of the carpus at the bases of the fourth and fifth metacarpals; the hamatum.

UNCIFORM Un"ci*form, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The unciform bone. See Illust. of Perissodactyla.

UNCINATA Un`ci*na"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. uncinus a hook.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of marine chætopod annelids which are furnished with uncini, as the serpulas and sabellas.

UNCINATE Un"ci*nate, a. Etym: [L. uncinatus, from uncinus a hook, from uncus a hook.]

Defn: Hooked; bent at the tip in the form of a hook; as, an uncinate process.

UNCINATUM Un`ci*na"tum, n. Etym: [NL., from L. uncinatus hooked.] (Anat.)

Defn: The unciform bone.

UNCINUS Un*ci"nus, n.; pl. Uncini. Etym: [L., a hook.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the peculiar minute chitinous hooks found in large numbers in the tori of tubicolous annelids belonging to the Uncinata.

UNCIPHER Un*ci"pher, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + cipher.]

Defn: To decipher; as, to uncipher a letter. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.

UNCIRCUMCISED Un*cir"cum*cised, n.

Defn: Not circumcised; hence, not of the Israelites. "This uncircumcised Philistine." 1 Sam. xvii. 26.

UNCIRCUMCISION Un*cir`cum*ci"sion, n.

1. The absence or want of circumcision.

2. (Script.)

Defn: People not circumcised; the Gentiles.

UNCIRCUMSTANDTIAL Un*cir`cum*stand"tial, a.

1. Not circumstantial; not entering into minute particulars.

2. Not important; not pertinent; trivial. [Obs.]

UNCITY Un*cit"y, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + city.]

Defn: To deprive of the rank or rights of a city. [Obs.]

UNCIVIL Un*civ"il, a.

1. Not civilized; savage; barbarous; uncivilized. Men can not enjoy the rights of an uncivil and of a civil state together. Burke.

2. Not civil; not complaisant; discourteous; impolite; rude; unpolished; as, uncivil behavior.

UNCIVILITY Un`ci*vil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Incivility. [Obs.]

UNCIVILIZATION Un*civ`i*li*za"tion, n.

Defn: The state of being uncivilized; savagery or barbarism. [R.]

UNCIVILIZED Un*civ"i*lized, a.

1. Not civilized; not reclaimed from savage life; rude; barbarous; savage; as, the uncivilized inhabitants of Central Africa.

2. Not civil; coarse; clownish. [R.] Addison.

UNCIVILTY Un*civ"il*ty, adv.

Defn: In an uncivil manner.

UNCLASP Un*clasp", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + clasp.]

Defn: To loose the clasp of; to open, as something that is fastened, or as with, a clasp; as, to unclasp a book; to unclasp one's heart.

UNCLE Un"cle, n. Etym: [OE. uncle, OF. oncle, uncle, F. oncle, fr. L. avunculus a maternal uncle, dim. of avus a grandfather; akin to Lith. avynas uncle, Goth. aw grandmother, Icel. ai great grandfather.]

1. The brother of one's father or mother; also applied to an aunt's husband; -- the correlative of aunt in sex, and of nephew and niece in relationship.

2. A pawnbroker. [Slang] Thackeray. My uncle, a pawnbroker. [Slang] - - Uncle Sam, a humorous appellation given to the United States Government. See Uncle Sam, in Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.

UNCLEAN Un*clean", a. Etym: [AS. uncl. See Unnot, and Clean.]

1. Not clean; foul; dirty; filthy.

2. Ceremonially impure; needing ritual cleansing. He that toucheth the dead body of any man shall be unclean seven days. Num. xix. 11.

3. Morally impure. "Adultery of the heart, consisting of inordinate and unclean affections." Perkins. -- Un*clean"ly, adv. -- Un*clean"ness, n. Unclean animals (Script.), those which the Israelites were forbidden to use for food. -- Unclean spirit (Script.), a wicked spirit; a demon. Mark i. 27.

UNCLEANSABLE Un*cleans"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being cleansed or cleaned.

UNCLENCH Un*clench", v. t.

Defn: Same as Unclinch.

UNCLESHIP Un"cle*ship, n.

Defn: The office or position of an uncle. Lamb.

UNCLEW Un*clew", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + clew.]

Defn: To unwind, unfold, or untie; hence, to undo; to ruin. Shak.

UNCLINCH Un*clinch", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + clinch.]

Defn: To cause to be no longer clinched; to open; as, to unclinch the fist. [Written also unclench.]

UNCLING Un*cling", v. i. Etym: [1st pref. un- + cling.]

Defn: To cease from clinging or adhering. [Obs.] Milton.

UNCLOAK Un*cloak", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + cloak.]

Defn: To remove a cloak or cover from; to deprive of a cloak or cover; to unmask; to reveal.

UNCLOAK Un*cloak", v. i.

Defn: To remove, or take off, one's cloak.

UNCLOG Un*clog", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + clog.]

Defn: To disencumber of a clog, or of difficulties and obstructions; to free from encumbrances; to set at liberty. Shak.

UNCLOISTER Un*clois"ter, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + cloister.]

Defn: To release from a cloister, or from confinement or seclusion; to set free; to liberate.

UNCLOSE Un*close", v. t. & i. Etym: [1st pref. un- + close.]

1. To open; to separate the parts of; as, to unclose a letter; to unclose one's eyes.

2. To disclose; to lay open; to reveal.

UNCLOSED Un*closed", a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + closed.]

1. Not separated by inclosures; open. Clarendon.

2. Not finished; not concluded. [R.] Madison.

3. Not closed; not sealed; open. Byron.

UNCLOTHE Un*clothe", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + clothe.]

Defn: To strip of clothes or covering; to make naked. I. Watts. [We] do groan being burdened; not for that we would be unclothed, but clothed upon. 2 Cor. v. 4.

UNCLOTHED Un*clothed", a.

1. Etym: [Properly p. p. of unclothe.]

Defn: Divested or stripped of clothing. Byron.

2. Etym: [Pref. un- not + clothed.]

Defn: Not yet clothed; wanting clothes; naked. -- Un*cloth"ed*ly, adv. [Obs.] Bacon.

UNCLOUD Un*cloud", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + cloud.]

Defn: To free from clouds; to unvail; to clear from obscurity, gloom, sorrow, or the like. Beau. & Fl.

UNCLUE Un*clue", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + clue.]

Defn: To unwind; to untangle.

UNCLUTCH Un*clutch", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + clutch.]