Heath's French and English dictionary (part 3 of 19)

Heath's French and English dictionary (part 3 of 19)

=conventionnellement=, adv., by agreement.

=conventualité=, n.f., monastic life.

=conventuel=, =-le=, adj., conventual.

=conventuel=, n.m., conventual.

=conventuellement=, adv., conventually.

=convergence=, n.f., convergence.

=convergent=, =-e=, adj., convergent, converging.

=converger=, v.n., to tend to one point, to converge.

=convers=, =-e=, adj., lay. Frère —, sœur —e; convert; lay brother or sister.

=convers=, n.m., (ich.) young shad.

=conversation=, n.f., conversation, converse, talk, discourse. Par où entamer la —? how shall we begin the conversation? S’emparer de la —; to monopolize the conversation. Être à la —; to be attending to the conversation. Laisser tomber la —; to drop the conversation.

=converse=, n. and adj. f., (log.) converse; (math.) inverted. Proposition —; (log.) converse proposition. Proposition —; (math.) inverted proposition.

=converser=, v.n., to converse, to talk; to discourse, to commune; (milit.) to wheel about.

=conversible=, adj., convertible.

=conversion=, n.f., conversion; transformation; change; converting, changing; (milit.) wheeling. Quart de —; (milit.) wheel of the quarter circle. Faire une —; to wheel.

=converso=, n.m., (nav.) main deck, poop.

=converti=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., convert. — au lit de la mort; clinical convert.

=convertible=, adj., (theol., fin.) convertible.

=convertir=, v.a., to convert; to change, to turn; to make a convert; to bring over, to turn, to transform.

se =convertir=, v.r., to be converted, to turn, to be made a convert.

=convertissable=, adj., (fin., theol.) convertible.

=convertissement= (-mān), n.m., conversion.

=convertisseur=, n.m., converter.

=convexe=, adj., convex.

=convexité=, n.f., convexity.

=convexo-concave=, adj., convexo-concave.

=convexo-convexe=, adj., convexo-convex.

=conviction=, n.f., conviction, convincing proof. Agir par —; to act from conviction. Avoir la — intime; to be thoroughly convinced; to be quite sure.

=convictionnel=, =-le=, adj., convictive.

=convictionnellement=, adv., (l.u.) convictively.

=convié=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., guest, one invited.

il =convient=, v.imp., it is fit, expedient, convenient, becoming, meet. V. =convenir=.

=convier=, v.a., to invite, to bid; to request the company of any one; to incite, to urge. — à un dîner; to invite to dinner.

=convive=, n.m.f., guest. C’est un bon —; he is a good table companion.

=convivialité=, n.f., conviviality.

=convocable=, adj., (very l.u.) convocable.

=convocation=, n.f., convocation, requisition, summons.

=convoi=, n.m., funeral procession; funeral; (milit., nav.) convoy; (railways) train. V. =train=. — de grande vitesse; fast train. — de petite vitesse, — de marchandises; freight train. — direct; express train. — omnibus; slow train. — de voyageurs; passenger train. — parcourant toute la ligne; through train. — funèbre; funeral procession. Être du —; to be at the funeral. En —; (nav.) with convoy.

=convoiement=, n.m., (milit., nav.) convoying, convoy.

☉=convoitable=, adj., covetable, desirable.

=convoiter=, v.a., to covet, to hanker after, to conceive a violent passion for, to lust after.

=convoiteu-r=, n.m., =-se=, n.f., coveter.

☉=convoiteu-x=, =-se=, adj., covetous, lusting after.

=convoitise=, n.f., covetousness, eager desire; lust.

=convol=, n.m., (jur.) second or re-marriage.

=convoler=, v.n., to marry again. — en secondes, troisièmes, noces; to marry a second, a third, time.

=convoluté=, =-e=, adj., (bot.) convoluted.

=convoluti-f=, =-ve=, adj., curling (of leaves).

=convolve=, n.m., (bot.) convolvulus.

=convoquer=, v.a., to convoke, to convene, to summon, to assemble, to call together.

=convoyer=, v.a., (milit., nav.) to convoy.

=convoyeur=, n. and adj. m., (nav.) convoy (ship).

=convulsé=, =-e=, adj., (med.) convulsed.

=convulser=, v.a., to convulse. Se —; to be or become convulsed.

=convulsibilité=, n.f., (med.) liability to convulsion.

=convulsi-f=, =-ve=, adj., convulsive.

=convulsion=, n.f., convulsion. Donner des —s; to throw into convulsions. Tomber en —s; to be seized with convulsions.

=convulsionnaire=, adj., subject to convulsions.

=convulsionnaire=, n.m.f., convulsionary.

=convulsionner=, v.a., (med.) to convulse, to produce convulsions.

=convulsivement=, adv., convulsively.

=conyze=, n.f., (bot.) conyza, flea-bane.

=coobligation=, n.f., joint obligation.

=coobligé=, n.m., joint bondsman.

=coopérant=, =-e=, adj., co-operating, concurring.

=coopérat-eur=, n.m., =-rice=, n.f., co-operator, fellow-laborer, fellow-workman.

=coopérat-eur=, =-rice=, adj., (l.u.) co-operating.

=coopérati-f=, =-ve=, adj., co-operative.

=coopération=, n.f., concurrence, co-operation.

=coopérer=, v.n., to co-operate, to concur.

=cooptation=, n.f., co-optation.

=coopter=, v.a., to co-optate.

=coordination=, n.f., arrangement, disposition, co-ordination.

=coordonnée=, n.f., (geom.) co-ordinate.

=coordonner=, v.a., to co-ordinate; to arrange, to dispose.

=copahu=, n.m., copaiba, copaiva.

=copaïer= or =copayer=, n.m., copaiba tree.

=copal=, n.m., copal.

=copartageant=, =-e= (-jān, -te), n. and adj., joint-sharer; having a joint share.

=copeau=, n.m., chip, shaving (of wood). Des —x; shavings. Vin de —x; rape-wine.

=copeck=, n.m., (—s). V. =kopeck=.

=copermutant=, n.m., one who exchanges with another, permuter.

=copermutation=, n.f., the act of exchanging, permutation.

=copermuter=, v.a., to permute, to exchange.

=copernicien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), adj., Copernician.

=cophte= or =copte=, n.m. and adj., Copt; Coptic. Un moine —; a Coptic monk. La langue —; the Coptic language.

=copie=, n.f., copy, image, transcript; exercise; imitation; task; (print.) copy. — figurée; facsimile. — au net; fair copy. Pour — conforme; a true copy.

=copier=, v.a., to copy; to imitate; to mimic, to take off, to ape.

se =copier=, v.r., to be always the same; to copy or repeat one’s self.

=copieusement= (ko-pieûz-mān), adv., copiously, abundantly, heartily (of eating).

=copieu-x=, =-se=, adj., copious, plentiful, hearty. Un homme — en paroles; a man of many words.

=copiste=, n.m., copier, transcriber, copyist, imitator; music copier.

=copreneur=, n.m., co-lessee, joint-tenant.

=coprévenu=, n.m. V. =coaccusé=.

=copropriétaire=, n.m.f., joint-proprietor.

=copropriété=, n.f., joint property.

=copte=, n.m. V. =cophte=.

=copter=, v.a., to toll.

=coptique=, adj., Coptic.

=copulati-f=, =-ve=, adj., copulative.

=copulation=, n.f., copulation.

=copule=, n.f., (log.) copula.

=coq=, n.m., cock, rooster; weathercock; (horl.) cock. — d’Inde; turkey-cock. — de bruyère; grouse. — à queue fourchue; black cock. — de combat; game-cock. — des bois; wood-cock. — de montre; cock of a watch. — des jardins; costmary. — du village, — de la paroisse; cock of the walk. Joute de —s; cock-fight. Faire jouter des —s; to make cocks fight. Au chant du —; at cock-crow. Être comme un — en pâte; to live in clover. Être rouge comme un —; to have a face like a biffin apple; to be as red as a turkey-cock.

=coq=, n.m., (nav.) cook.

=coq-à-l’âne=, n.m., (—) idle discourse, nonsense, cock-and-bull story. Il fait toujours des —; he is always talking nonsense.

=coqualin=, n.m., striped squirrel.

=coquard=, n.m., mongrel pheasant; (fam.) old cock, old beau.

=coquâtre=, n.m., (orni.) half-gelded cock.

=coque=, n.f., shell (of eggs, walnuts, snails); pearl-shell; (nav.) hull; (conch.) cockle. Des œufs à la —; boiled eggs. — du Levant; Indian berry. Je ne donnerai pas une — de noix de toutes ses promesses; I would not give a straw for all his promises.

=coquecigrue=, n.f., sea-stork, sea-locust; idle story, stuff; fiddle-faddle. À la venue des —s; never, or once in a blue moon.

=coquelicot=, n.m., wild-poppy, corn-poppy.

=coquelourde=, n.f., Pasque-flower, Flora’s-bell.

=coqueluche= (ko-klush), n.f., ☉hood; favorite, reigning fancy; rage, whooping-cough. Il est est la — des femmes; he is a great favorite with women.

☉=coquelucher=, v.n., to have the whooping-cough.

☉=coqueluchon=, n.m., (jest.) hood of a monk’s cloak, cowl.

=coquemar= (kok-mār), n.m., pipkin, boiler, kettle, skillet.

=coquereau=, n.m., (nav.) hoy, lighter.

=coqueret=, n.m., or =coquerelle=, n.f., winter-cherry.

=coquerico=, n.m., cock-a-doodle-doo.

=coquerie=, n.f., (nav.) caboose.

=coqueriquer=, v.n., (l.u.) (pers.) to crow.

=coqueron=, n.m., (nav.) cook-room.

=coquet=, =-te=, adj., coquettish, pretty, stylish; smart, natty.

=coquet=, n.m., jilt, flirt; cock-boat.

=coqueter= (kok-té), v.n., (l.u.) to coquet, to flirt; to play the lady-killer; to paddle a boat, to scull.

=coquetier= (kok-tié), n.m., poulterer; egg-merchant; egg-cup.

=coquette=, n.f., coquette, flirt, jilt. Faire la —; to coquet.

=coquetterie= (ko-kè-trî), n.f., coquetry; affectation (in dress); love of dress; flirtation; finicalness. Une — d’expressions; far-fetched expressions.

*=coquillage=, n.m., shell-fish; shells; shell-work.

*=coquillart=, n.m., bed of shells and stones.

*=coquille=, n.f., shell (of fruit, of animals); (print.) wrong letter; thumb (of a latch); foot-board (of coach-box); post demy, small post (paper); under-part of a staircase; (anat.) concha. pl., wares of little value. — de Sainte Jacques; scallop. — de beurre; pat of butter. Rentrer dans sa —; to draw in one’s horns. À qui vendez-vous vos —s; it is of no use trying to do me. Il fait bien valoir ses —s; he praises his goods, and no mistake.

=coquiller=, v.n., (of bread) to swell; to crumple, to curl up.

*=coquilleu-x=, =-se=, adj., shelly.

*=coquillier=, n.m., collection of shells; cabinet of shells.

*=coquilli-er=, =-ère=, adj., conchiferous.

=coquin=, =-e=, adj., idle, debauched; free and easy; roguish, rascally.

=coquin=, n.m., knave, rascal, rogue, scamp. Tour de —; knavish trick.

=coquine=, n.f., slut, hussy, jade.

=coquinerie= (ko-ki-n-rî), n.f., knavery, rascally trick, roguery.

=cor=, n.m., corn; horn, hunting-horn. Avoir des —s aux pieds; to have corns on one’s feet. À — et à cri; with horn and voice; with hue and cry; with might and main.

=coracoïde=, adj., (anat.) coracoid.

*=corail=, n.m., coral. Des lèvres de —; rosy lips.

*=coraillère=, n.f., (nav.) coral-fishing boat.

*=corailleur=, n.m., coral-diver, coral-fisher.

*=corailleur=, adj., of coral fishing. Bateau —; coral-fisher’s boat.

☉=corallin=, =-e=, adj., red like coral, coralline.

=coralline=, n.f., (zoöl.) coralline; (nav.) V. =coraillère=.

=coralloïde=, adj., coralloid.

=coralloïde=, n.m., coralloid.

=coran=, n.m., Koran.

=corbeau=, n.m., crow; raven; (arch.) corbel, bracket; (astron.) corvus; (nav.) grappling-iron.

*=corbeille=, n.f., flat, wide basket; (arch.) corbel; (fort.) corbeil; clump (of trees); wedding presents. Une — de fleurs; a basket of flowers. — de mariage or de noces; wedding presents; (on change) reserved enclosure, change.

*=corbeillée=, n.f., basketful.

=corbigeau=, n.m. ☉V. =courlis=.

=corbillard=, n.m., hearse.

*=corbillat=, n.m., young raven.

*=corbillon=, n.m., small basket; crambo.

☉=corbin=, n.m., (orni.) crow. V. =bec-de-corbin=.

=corbine=, n.f., (orni.) carrion-crow.

=corbleu!= int. By the Powers! Zounds! By Jove! Hang it!

=corbusée=, n.f., (orni.) black-neb.

=corcelet=, n.m. V. =corselet=.

=corceron=, n.m., (pisc.) float.

=cordage=, n.m., cordage, cord, rope, rigging; the measuring of wood by the cord. — en trois; rope made with three strands. — de rechange; spare ropes.

=cordat=, n.m., packing-cloth.

=corde=, n.f., cord, rope; line; twist, twine, string; (mus.) chord; tone, note; concord; span (of an arch); laniard (of buoys); thread (of cloth); hanging (death by); gallows. — à danser; dancing-rope. Danseur de —; rope-dancer. — à boyau; cat-gut. Echelle de —; rope-ladder. Une — de bois; a cord of wood. Ne touchez point cette — là; do not harp upon that string. Toucher la grosse —; to hit the main point of the question. Instrument à —s; stringed instrument. — de violon; fiddle-string. Flatter la —; to play with delicacy. Avoir deux —s à son arc; to have two strings to one’s bow. Son habit montre la —; his coat is threadbare. Cela est usé jusqu’à la —; that is thoroughly hackneyed. Friser la —; narrowly to escape hanging. Il y va de la —; it is a hanging matter. Filer sa —; to go the way of the gallows. Avoir de la — de pendu; to have the devil’s own luck. Tenir la —; to lead. Passer à fleur de —; to only just succeed (of a thing). Être au bout de sa —; to be at the end of one’s tether.

=cordé=, =-e=, part., twisted, corded.

=cordé=, =-e=, adj., (bot.) cordated, heart-shaped.

=cordeau=, n.m., line, cord. Au —; in a straight line.

=cordeler=, v.a., to twist, to twine; to wreathe.

=cordelette=, n.f., small cord; string.

=cordelier=, n.m., cordelier; Franciscan friar; gray-friar.

=cordelière=, n.f., Franciscan nun; cordelier’s girdle; (arch.) twisted fillet.

=cordelle=, n.f., (nav.) tow-line, tow-rope.

=corder=, v.a., to cord; to bind with a cord. v.n., (pop.) to cotton; to agree. — du bois; to measure wood by the cord.

se =corder=, v.r., to be corded; to get stringy.

=corderie=, n.f., rope-walk, rope-yard; rope-making; (nav.) boatswain’s store-room.

=cordial=, =-e=, adj., cordial, hearty, sincere.

=cordial=, n.m., cordial.

=cordialement= (kor-dial-mān), adv., cordially, heartily, sincerely.

=cordialité=, n.f., cordiality; heartiness; hearty affection.

=cordier=, n.m., rope-maker; (of violins) tail-piece.

=cordiforme=, adj., cordiform, heart-shaped.

=cordon=, n.m., twist, string; check-string (of carriages); cord; fillet, thread, ribbon; order; girdle; plinth, edging of stone; (milit., fort., arch.) cordon; (anat.) funis; edge (of coins); door-rope. — ombilical; umbilical cord. — de chapeau; hat-band. — de sonnette; bell pull. Un — bleu; a knight of the Holy Ghost. — bleu; blue-ribbon; a first-rate cook. Un — rouge; a knight of the order of St. Louis. Tirer le —; to pull the string; to be a house-porter. Le —, s’il vous plaît; open the door, please.

=cordonnage=, n.m., (coin) milling; edging.

=cordonner=, v.a., to twist, to twine; to braid; (of coins) to line, to mill, to edge.

=cordonnerie=, n.f., shoemaking, the trade of a shoemaker; shoe-place.

=cordonnet=, n.m., twist; edging, milling (of coins — de pièces de monnaie).

=cordonnier=, n.m., cordwainer; shoemaker. — pour femmes; ladies’ shoemaker.

=corée=, n.m., (poet.) choreus, trochee. V. =chorée=.

=corégence=, n.f., co-regency.

=corégent=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., co-regent.

=coreligionnaire=, n.m.f., co-religionist.

=coriace=, adj., tough, ropy, leathery, stringy; cartilaginous; niggardly. Un homme —; a close-fisted fellow.

=coriacé=, =-e=, adj., coriaceous.

=coriaire=, adj., fit for tanning. n.f. (bot.) V. =corroyère=.

=coriambe=, n.m., (poet.) choriambus.

=coriandre=, n.f., (bot.) coriander.

=corindon=, n.m., (min.) corundum, adamantine spar.

=corinthien=, =-ne= (-in, -e-n), adj., Corinthian.

=corinthien=, n.m., =-ne=, n.f., Corinthian.

=coris=, n.m. V. =cauris=.

=corlieu=, =corlis=, n.m., curlew.

=corme=, n.f., (bot.) service or sorb-apple.

=cormier=, n.m., (bot.) service-tree.

=cormoran=, n.m., sea-raven, cormorant.

=cornac=, n.m., elephant driver, cornac; showman; chaperon, mentor.

=cornage=, n.m., (vet.) roaring (of horses).

=cornaline=, n.f., cornelian stone.

=cornard=, adj., (pop., l.ex.) roaring (of horses).

=cornard=, n.m., (pop., l.ex.) cornuto, cuckold.

=cornardise=, n.f., (pop., l.ex.) cuckoldom.

=corne=, n.f., horn, hoof; corner; shoe-horn; dog’s ear (on books, leaves); (nav.) gaff, throat; outside rind (of animals’ feet); cap of the Doge of Venice. Bête à —s; horned beast. Essence de — de cerf; spirits of hartshorn. Faire les —s à quelqu’un; to snap one’s fingers at any one. Montrer les —s; to show one’s teeth. Lever les cornes; to hold up one’s head again. Les —s d’un bonnet carré; the corners of a square cap. Chapeau à trois —s; three-cornered hat. Les —s de la lune; the horns of the moon. Les —s de l’autel; the horns of the altar. — d’abondance; cornucopia, horn of plenty. Faire une — à une carte de visite; to turn down the corner of a visiting-card. Faire des —s à un livre; to dog’s-ear a book.

=corné=, =-e=, adj., corneous, horny.

=corneau=, n.m., (hunt.) cross between a mastiff and a hound.

=cornée=, n.f., (anat.) cornea.

=cornéenne=, n.f., horn-stone.

*=corneille=, n.f., carrion-crow, rook, daw. — emmantelée; hooded-rook. Bayer aux —s; to stare about vacantly. Il y va comme une — qui abat des noix; he goes at it tooth and nail, or rashly, slapdash, headlong.

=cornement=, n.m., tingling of the ears.

=cornemuse=, n.f., bagpipe. Joueur de —; bag-piper.

=cornéole=, n.f., (bot.) dyer’s weed.

=corner=, v.n., to blow, to wind or sound a horn; to gore; (man.) to wheeze; to tingle (of the ears); to be tainted (of meat). Les oreilles me cornent; my ears tingle.

=corner=, v.a., to blare out, to blurt out, to trumpet. Il a corné cela par toute la ville; he has trumpeted it through the whole town. — quelque chose aux oreilles de quelqu’un; to din a thing into any one’s ears.

=cornet=, n.m., horn, ear-trumpet; ink-horn; dice-box; paper cone; (conch.) cornet. — de postillon; post-boy’s horn. — à bouquin; cow-herd’s horn. — à piston; cornet.

=cornette=, n.f., head-dress, cornet, mob-cap; cornetcy; (nav.) broad pennant.

☉=cornette=, n.m., (milit.) cornet.

=corneur=, n.m., horn-blower.

=corneur=, adj., (vet.) wheezing, roaring.

=corniche=, n.f., (arch.) cornice.

=cornichon=, n.m., little horn; gherkin; (fig. and fam.) greenhorn, ninny, flat, muff.

=cornicule=, n.f., small horn, cornicle.

=corniculé=, =-e=, adj., corniculate, horned.

=corni-er=, =-ère=, adj., corner; at the angle. Pilastre —; corner-column.

=cornière=, n.f., corner gutter; (print.) corner iron; T iron; (nav.) fashion-piece.

=cornifle=, n.m., (bot.) horn-wort.

*=cornillas=, n.m., young rook.

=corniste=, n.m., cornist, player upon the horn.

*=cornouille=, n.f., dogberry.

*=cornouiller=, n.m., dogberry-tree, cornel-tree.

=cornu=, =-e=, adj., horned; angular, cornered; (fig.) extravagant, absurd.

=cornue=, n.f., (chem.) retort.

=corollaire=, n.m., corollary.

=corolle=, n.f., (bot.) corol, corolla.

=corollifère=, adj., corollated, bearing a corolla.

=coronaire=, adj., (anat.) coronary.

=coronal=, =-e=, adj., (anat.) coronal.

=coronal=, n.m., (anat.) coronal.

=coroner= (-nèr), n.m., (—s) coroner.

*=coronille=, n.f., (bot.) coronilla.

=coronoïde=, adj., (anat.) coronoid.

=coronope=, n.m., (bot.) wart-cress. — de ruelle; crow’s-foot.

=corossol=, n.m., (bot.) custard-apple. — des marais; cork-wood.

=corossolier=, n.m., (bot.) anona, custard-apple tree.

=corporal=, n.m., (c.rel.) corporal, communion cloth.

=corporalité=, n.f., corporality.

=corporation=, n.f., corporation, corporate body.

=corporéité=, n.f., corporeity.

=corporel=, =-le=, adj., corporal, corporeal, bodily.

=corporellement= (-mān), adv., corporally, bodily.

=corporifier=, v.a., to embody, to form into a body.

=corps= (kor), n.m., body; person; fellow; creature; substance, thickness, consistence; company, society, commonalty, college; main point; barrel (of pumps); caudex (of roots); (of wine, of writing, of sovereigns, of musical instruments, of wearing apparel) body; corps, set of men; (print.) depth, body, of a letter; shell (of a house, a pulley). — mort; dead body. — morts; (nav.) moorings. — glorieux; glorified body. Un drôle de —; a queer fellow, a queer fish. Se tuer le — et l’âme; to work one’s self to death. Répondre — pour —; to be answerable for a person. Faire — neuf; to take a new lease of life. Il fait bon marché de son —; he makes himself very cheap; he exposes himself unnecessarily to danger. Il faut voir ce que cet homme a dans le —; we must see what stuff this man is made of. Enlever un homme comme un — saint; (prov.) to kidnap a man. Gagner son pain à la sueur de son —; to earn one’s bread by the sweat of one’s brow. Tomber rudement sur le — à quelqu’un; to speak in offensive terms of any one. Être séparés — et biens; to be separated (mensâ et thoro). C’est un pauvre —; he is a poor weak fellow. C’est un — de fer que cet homme; that man is made of iron. Passer son épée au travers du — à quelqu’un; to run any one through the body. Il a le diable au —; he is a devil of a fellow. — de bâtiment; main building. — de logis; detached building. — de cheminée; chimney-stack. Le — du délit; substance, main proof, of an offense (corpus delicti). Un vin qui a du —; a full-bodied wine. Prendre du —; to grow stout, fat. Le — du clergé; the body of the clergy. Les — de métiers; the trades’ companies. Ils font — à part; they are a separate body. Esprit de —; spirit of party; brotherhood in arms. Un — d’infanterie; a body of foot-soldiers. Garde du —; a life-guard. Un — de garde; a guard-house; watch-house; round-house. — à —; hand to hand. À — perdu; headlong; desperately. A bras-le-corps; by the waist. Saisir quelqu’un à bras-le-—; to seize any one round the waist. N’avoir rien dans le —; to have taken no food; to be a person of no pluck. À son — défendant; reluctantly, in one’s own defense. Le vaisseau a sombré — et biens; the vessel foundered with all hands.

=corpulence=, n.f., corpulence, corpulency; stoutness. Un homme de petite —; a stoutish man.

=corpulent=, =-e=, adj., corpulent, stout.

=corpusculaire=, adj., corpuscular.

=corpuscule=, n.m., corpuscule or corpuscle.

=corpusculiste=, n.m., corpuscularian.

=correct= (-rèct), =-e=, adj., accurate, correct, right.

=correctement=, adv., correctly, accurately, rightly, right.

=correcteur=, n.m., corrector, emendator; (print.) reader. Père —; superior of a convent.

=correcti-f=, =-ve=, adj., corrective.

=correctif=, n.m., corrective.

=correction=, n.f., correction; correctness, accuracy; alteration; reprimand; reproof; (print.) reading, correcting. Maison de —; house of correction, reformatory.

=correctionnel=, =-le=, adj., correctional (of misdemeanors); punishable; reformatory. Tribunal de police —le; police-court.

=correctionnellement=, adv., by way of correction; before the magistrate; for misdemeanors.

=correctivement= (-tiv-mān), adv., correctively, as a corrective.

=correctoire=, n.m., book of penance, formulary.

=correctrice=, n.f., lady superior of a convent of Minimi nuns.

=corrégidor=, n.m., corregidor (Sp. magistrate).

=corrélati-f=, =-ve=, adj., correlative.

=corrélati-f=, n.m., =-ve=, n.f., correlative.

=corrélation=, n.f., correlation.

=correspondance=, n.f., correspondence, intercourse; connection, relation; conformity, harmony. Être en — avec quelqu’un; to correspond with any one. Entretenir une — avec quelqu’un; to keep up a correspondence with any one. Voiture de —; correspondence-coach; railway-omnibus. Service de —; cross-post.

=correspondant=, =-e=, adj., correspondent, corresponding.

=correspondant=, n.m., correspondent, corresponding member; parents’ representative.

=correspondre=, v.n., to correspond, to communicate, to be in correspondence with; to agree, to suit, to harmonize.

=corridor=, n.m., lobby, corridor, gallery, passage. Cette porte donne sur le —; this door opens out into the gallery or passage.

=corrigé=, n.m., corrected copy; key (book).

=corrigeant=, =-e= (-jān, -t), adj., correcting.

=corriger=, v.a., to correct; to rectify; to repair; to amend; to reclaim; to reprove; to reprehend, to chide, to chastise. — des épreuves; (print.) to correct proofs.

se =corriger=, v.r., to correct one’s self, to amend, to reform, to be reformed. Elle s’est bien corrigée de cela; she has quite broken herself of that.

=corrigible=, adj., corrigible.

=corroborant=, =-e= (kor-ro-), adj., (med.) corroborant.

=corroborant=, n.m., (med.) corroborant.

=corroborati-f=, =-ve= (kor-ro-), adj., (med.) corroborative.

=corroboratif= (kor-ro-), n.m., (med.) corroborative.

=corroboration= (kor-ro-), n.f., (med.) corroboration, strengthening.

=corroborer= (kor-ro-), v.a., to strengthen, to corroborate.

=corrodant=, =-e=, adj., corroding. n.m., corrodent.

=corroder= (kor-ro-dé), v.a., to corrode.

=corroi=, n.m., currying of leather; (mas.) claying, puddling.

=corroirie=, n.f., (tech.) currier’s shop, currying.

=corrompre=, v.a., to corrupt; to adulterate, to spoil; to infect; to taint; to vitiate; to pervert; to bribe. Les mauvaises compagnies corrompent les bonnes mœurs; evil communications corrupt good manners. — des témoins; to bribe witnesses. Se laisser —; to take a bribe.

se =corrompre=, v.r., to grow corrupt; to become tainted, to fester.

=corrompu=, =-e=, part., corrupted; bribed; spoiled; unsound. Homme —; debauchee. Mœurs —es; dissolute manners.

=corrosi-f=, =-ve= (kor-rô-), adj., corrosive.

=corrosif=, n.m., corrosive.

=corrosion= (kor-rô-zion), n.f., corrosion.

=corroyer=, v.a., to curry (leather); to prepare clay for puddling; to puddle; to beat up. — du bois; to plane wood. — du fer; to hammer iron. — du sable; to roll sand.

=corroyère=, n.f., (bot.) sumac.

=corroyeur=, n.m., currier.

=corrugateur=, n.m., (anat.) corrugator.

=corrugation=, n.f., corrugation, wrinkling.

=corrupt-eur=, n.m., =-rice=, n.f., (kor-rup-), corrupter, seducer, spoiler; briber.

=corrupt-eur=, =-rice=, adj., corrupting, perverting, corrupt, infectious.

=corruptibilité= (kor-rup-), n.f., corruptibility.

=corruptible= (kor-rup-), adj., corruptible.

=corruption= (kor-rup-), n.f., corruption; taint, putridity, rottenness; depravity, perversity, defilement; bribery.

=cors=, n.m.pl., (hunt.) horns; branches. Un cerf dix —; a full-grown stag.

=corsage=, n.m., trunk, bust, chest (of the body); bodice, body (of a dress). — de dessous; petticoat bodice.

=corsaire=, n.m., privateer, commander of a privateer; corsair, rover; shark, Jew. À —, — et demi; set a thief to catch a thief.

=corsé=, adj., rich, full-bodied, having body (of wine); (fam.) strong, thick, stout; substantial, copious; plentiful.

=corse=, n.m.f. and adj., Corsican.

=corselet=, n.m., corselet.

=corser=, v.n., to fit (of stays). v.a., (fig.) to thicken; to complicate.

se =corser=, v.r., to put one’s stays on; (fig.) to acquire strength; to grow serious.

=corset=, n.m., corset, stays; bodice; (surg.) bandage.

=corseti-er=, n.m., =-ère=, n.f., (-tié, -ti-èr), corset-maker, stay-maker.

=cortège=, n.m., train, retinue, cortege; procession; attendants.

=cortès= (-tèss), n.f.pl., Cortes (Spanish Parliament).

=cortical=, =-e=, adj., (bot., anat.) cortical.

=cortiqueu-x=, =-se=, adj., (bot.) corticose.

=coruscation=, n.f., coruscation.

=corvéable=, adj., (feudalism) liable to forced labor.

=corvéable=, n.m., one liable to forced labor.

=corvée=, n.f., (feudalism) statute-labor; duty, service, fatigue duty done by soldiers; toil; drudgery; bore. Quelle —! what a bore!

=corvette=, n.f., corvette, sloop of war.

=corybante=, n.m., priest of Cybele.

=corybantique=, adj., corybantic. —s, n.f.pl., feasts in honor of Cybele.

=corymbe=, n.m., (bot.) cluster, corymb.

=corymbé=, =-e=, (bot.) corymbiate.

=corymbeu-x=, =-se=, adj., (bot.) corymbase.

=corymbifère=, adj., (bot.) corymbiferous. —s; n.f.pl., corymbiferous plants.

=coryphée=, n.m., corypheus; leader, chief; principal man; (theat.) chorus-master.

=coryza=, n.m., (med.) coryza, cold in the head.

=cosaque=, n.m., Cossack.

=cosaque=, n.f., Cossack dance. Je veux te faire danser une —; (pop.) I’ll let you have a taste of the stick.

=cosécante=, n.f., (geom.) co-secant.

*=coseigneur=, n.m., joint lord of a manor.

=conseigneurie=, n.f., joint lordship.

=cosinus= (-si-nûs), n.m., (geom.) co-sine.

=cosmétique=, n.m., and adj., cosmetic.

=cosmétique=, n.f., art of using cosmetics.

=cosmique=, adj., (astron.) cosmical.

=cosmiquement=, adv., (astron.) cosmically.

=cosmogonie=, n.f., cosmogony.

=cosmogonique=, adj., cosmogonical.

=cosmographe=, n.m., cosmographer.

=cosmographie=, n.f., cosmography.

=cosmographique=, adj., cosmographical.

=cosmolabe=, n.m., (astron.) cosmolabe.

=cosmologie=, n.f., cosmology.

=cosmologique=, adj., cosmological.

=cosmologiste= or =cosmologue=, n.m., cosmologist.

=cosmopolite=, n.m., cosmopolite.

=cosmopolite=, adj., cosmopolitan.

=cosmopolitisme=, n.m., cosmopolitism.

=cosmorama=, n.m., cosmorama.

=cosse=, n.f., cod, shell, husk, pod; (nav.) thimble.

=cosser=, v.n., (of rams) to butt.

=cosson=, n.m., (ent.) weevil; (agri.) new shoot of a vine.

=cossu=, =-e=, adj., husked, podded; substantial, warm, wealthy, rich. En conter de —es; to tell spicy tales. Un homme —; a monied man.

=costal=, =-e=, adj., costal.

=costières=, n.f.pl., (theat.) grooves for the side-lights.

=costume=, n.m., garb, uniform; manners, usages; costume, dress. Grand —; full dress. Petit —; undress. — de soirée; evening-dress. — tailleur; tailor-made dress.

=costumer=, v.a., to dress in fancy dress.

se =costumer=, v.r., to dress one’s self up; to dress in fancy dress.

=costumier=, n.m., costumer, dealer in fancy dress clothes.

=cotangente=, n.f., (geom.) co-tangent.

=cote=, n.f., letter, number, figure (to indicate the order); (com.) quotation; quota, share, price, price-list. Faire une — mal taillée; to make a clumsy compromise.

=côte=, n.f., rib (of the body, of cloth, of fruit); (arch., bot., manu.), rib; (agri.) edge; hill, declivity; shore, sea-coast. — d’aloyau; wing-rib. Fausses —s; short ribs. Se casser une —; to break a rib. Rompre les —s à quelqu’un; to break anyone’s bones. Mesurer les —s à quelqu’un; to thrash anyone. Se mettre à la —; (nav.) to run aground, ashore. Ranger la —; to coast. Raser la —; to sail along, to hug, the shore. — à —; side by side. Le long de la —; along the hill or the shore. — de fer; (hist.) iron-side.

=côté=, n.m., side; broadside; way, manner; flank; part; slice. Il a un point de —; he has got a stitch in his side. Le — faible; the weak side. Mettre une bouteille, un tonneau, sur le —; to empty a bottle, a cask. De tous —s; on all sides. — de première; (print.) outer form. — de seconde; inner form. De mon —; for my own part. Ils sont parents du — maternel; they are related on the mother’s side. Il est du — gauche; he is a natural child. Se ranger du — de quelqu’un; to side with anyone. De quel — êtes-vous? whom do you side with? Il se met du — du plus fort; he takes the strongest side. A — de; by, near. Être à — de la question; to be beside the question. Donner à —; to miss. De —; sideways, aslant, askew, obliquely, aside. D’à —; adjoining, next house. Une vue de —; a side-view. Regarder de —; to look askance. Mettre une chose de —; to lay by. De — et d’autre; up and down, here and there, on all sides, in every direction. C’est son — faible; it is his weak side. S’asseoir à — de quelqu’un; to sit down by the side of any one. Se tenir les —s de rire; to shake one’s sides with laughing. De l’autre —; in the next room. Mettre les rieurs de son —; to turn the laugh against any one. Être sur le —; to be on one’s back, ill.

=coteau=, n.m., declivity, slope; little hill, hillock, rising ground.

=côtelette= (kot-let), n.f., chop, cutlet. Une — de mouton; a mutton chop. Des —s de veau; veal cutlets. — de porc frais; pork chop. Des —s; mutton chop whiskers.

=cotenanci-er=, =-ère=, n.m.f., co-tenant.

=coter=, v.a., to number; to quote, to fix, to price. Se —; to be quoted, to be priced. — le cours des effets publics; to quote the price of stocks.

=coterie= (ko-trî), n.f., coterie, set, club; circle, gang.

=cothurne=, n.m., buskin. Chausser le —; to put on the buskin (play in tragedy).

=cothurné=, =-e=, adj., (antiq.) cothurnated.

=côtier= (-tié), adj., n.m., coasting; coasting-pilot.

=côtière= (-ti-èr), n.f., (gard.) border, sloping bed; (nav.) (l.u.) coasts, coast-line.

*=cotignac= (-gna), n.m., quiddany, marmalade of quinces.

*=cotillon=, n.m., under-petticoat; cotillon (dance). Il aime le —; he is fond of women. Régime du —; petticoat government.

=cotir=, v.a., (fruit) to bruise, to damage.

=cotisation=, n.f., clubbing, subscription; assessment, quota, share.

=cotiser=, v.a., to assess, to rate.

se =cotiser=, v.r., to rate, to assess; to unite, to club together; to get up a subscription; to subscribe.

=cotissure=, n.f., (fruit) damage, bruising.

=coton=, n.m., cotton; down (of fruit and hair on the face). — épluché; picked cotton. — brut; raw cotton. — plat; darning cotton. — à tricoter; knitting cotton. — de couleur; colored cotton. Bobine de —; reel of cotton. Écheveau de —; skein of cotton. Balle de —; bale of cotton. Toile de —; cotton cloth. Il jette un vilain —; he is going to the dogs. Il jette, il file, un mauvais —; he is in a bad way. Mettre dans du —; to coddle, to nurse, to indulge. Elever dans du —; to molly-coddle; to bring up delicately.

=cotonnade=, n.f., cotton cloth, cotton-check.

=cotonné=, =-e=, part., woolly (of hair); wadded, padded; covered with, full of, cotton.

=cotonner=, v.a., to fill, to stuff with, cotton; to pad.

se =cotonner=, v.r., to be covered with down, to become downy; to cotton, to nap, to become mealy (of vegetables). Les artichauts, les radis se cotonnent; artichokes, radishes grow pithy or spongy.

=cotonner=, v.n., to cotton, to nap.

=cotonneu-x=, =-se=, adj., pithy, spongy, mealy; (bot.) downy, cottony (of style); spun out, lax, diffuse.

=cotonnier=, n.m., cotton-tree.

=cotonni-er=, =-ère=, adj., cotton, of cotton.

=cotonnière=, n.f., (bot.) cotton-weed; cud-weed.

=cotonnine=, n.f., cotton sail-cloth.

=côtoyer=, v.a., to go by the side of, to skirt; (nav.) to coast, to coast along; to keep close to, to hug the shore.

=cotret=, n.m., fagot, stick. Il est sec comme un —; he is as thin as a lath. De l’huile de —; stirrup oil; (fig.) cudgeling.

=cottage=, n.m., cottage.

=cotte=, n.f., petticoat, jacket; coat. — d’armes; coat of arms. — de mailles; coat of mail. — morte; estate (of a deceased monk).

=cotte=, n.m., (ich.) bull-head. — chabot; sea-scorpion.

=cotut-eur=, n.m., =-rice=, n.f., joint-guardian.

=cotylédon=, n.m., (anat., bot.) cotyledon.

=cotylédoné=, =-e=, adj., (bot.) cotyledonous.

=cotylier=, n.m., (bot.) cotyledon, navel-wort.

=cotyloïde=, adj., (anat.) cotyloid.

=cou=, n.m., neck. — de travers; wry-neck. Sauter, se jeter, au — de quelqu’un; to fall on a person’s neck. Se casser le —; to break one’s neck. Couper le — à; to cut the neck of. Rompre le — à; to break the neck of. Prendre ses jambes à son —; to take to one’s heels. — de pied; instep.

=couard=, n.m., (fam.) coward, dastard.

=couard=, =-e=, adj., (fam.) coward, cowardly.

=couardement=, adv., (fam.) in a cowardly manner.

=couarder=, v.n., (fam.) to act in a cowardly manner.

=couardise=, n.f., (fam.) cowardice.

=coucal=, n.m., pheasant-cuckoo.

=couchage=, n.m., bedding (for the army); act of lying in bed; price of a bed, night’s lodging.

=couchant=, adj., lying; setting. Un chien —; a setter. Faire le chien —; to crawl and cringe. Soleil —; setting sun.

=couchant=, n.m., west; wane, decline.

=couche=, n.f., bed; bedstead; confinement, childbed, lying-in; delivery, birth; swaddling-clothes, diaper; layer, stratum, row; (gard.) hot-bed, bed; (mining) seam; layer, stratum, coat (of varnish, colour); stake (at play). La — nuptiale; the nuptial bed. Pendant ses —s; during her confinement. Elle est morte en —s; she died in childbed. Être en, faire ses, —s; to be confined, to lie-in. Heureuse —; good delivery. Fausse —; miscarriage. Partager la — de quel-qu’un; to share any one’s bed.

=couché=, =-e=, part., put to bed, in bed, gone to bed, lying down, flat down, recumbent, jacent; (her.) couchant.

=couchée=, n.f., resting-place; sleeping place; bed; night’s lodging.

=coucher=, v.a., to put to bed; to lay down; to lay low; to lodge; to knock down; to incline; to lay on ☉to stake. — quelqu’un en joue; to take aim at anyone, to cover anyone. — en joue; to aim at, to cover. ☉— gros; to play deep. — par écrit; to write down, take down, enter.

se =coucher=, v.r., to go to bed; to lay one’s self down, to lie down, to lie flat; to set; to go down. Allez vous —; go to bed. Il n’est pas encore temps d’aller se —; it is not bed-time yet. Se — comme les poules; to go to bed with the sun (i.e., very early). Comme on fait son lit, on se couche; as you make your bed, so you must lie. Allez vous —; (fam.) get along with you; stuff and nonsense. Le soleil se couche; the sun is setting.

=coucher=, v.n., to lie, to sleep, to pass the night; to lie down, to rest. — au cabaret; to sleep at a public-house. — à la belle étoile; to sleep in the open air. — sur la dure; to sleep upon bare boards or on the ground. — tout habillé; to sleep with one’s clothes on.

=coucher=, n.m., bed-time, going to bed; sleeping; setting (of the sun). C’est l’heure de son —; it is his bed-time. Le petit —; the king’s select circle whilst preparing for bed.

=couchette=, n.f., bedstead, small bed, crib.

=coucheu-r=, n.m., =-se=, n.f., bed-fellow. Mauvais —; nasty customer; cross-grained person. Bon —; easy-going fellow.

=couchis=, n.m., layer, stratum; bolster.

=couci-couci=, adv., (fam.) so so, middling, indifferently.

=coucou=, n.m., cuckoo; barren strawberry-plant; Dutch clock; coach, omnibus; one-horse chaise; (bot.) cowslip, daffodil.

=coude=, n.m., elbow; bend, angle; winding; turning, turn; knee (of machinery); neck (of a bayonet). Donner des coups de —; to elbow. Hausser le —; to drink hard, to fuddle.

=coudé=, =-e=, part., bent, elbowed, cranked.

=coudée=, n.f., arm’s length; cubit. Avoir les —s franches; to have elbow room, full play, scope, freedom.

=cou-de-pied=, n.m., (—s-—) instep.

=couder=, v.a., to bend, to make an elbow.

se =couder=, v.r., to elbow, to form an elbow.

=coudoyer=, v.a., to elbow, to jostle.

se =coudoyer=, v.r., to elbow, to jostle, one another.

=coudraie=, n.f., hazel-copse; filbert-orchard.

=coudran=, n.m., (nav.) tar. V. =goudron=.

=coudranner=, v.a., (nav.) to soak cords in tar.

=coudre=, n.m., nut-tree, hazel-tree. V. =coudrier=.

=coudre= (cousant, cousu), v.a., to sew, to stitch; to tack; (fig.) to add, to connect, to unite. — à; to stitch or sew to. — du linge; to sew linen. — à grands points; to take long stitches.

☉=coudrette=, n.f., hazel-copse.

=coudrier=, n.m., hazel-tree.

=couenne= (kooa-n), n.f., rind, pig-skin; (med.) buff; birth-mark, mole.

=couenneu-x=, =-se= (kooah-), adj., (med.) containing buff. Angine —se; diphtheria.

=couette=, n.f., little-tail; tuft; sea-gull; ☉feather-bed; (mec.) socket.

=coufique=, adj., (philol.) cufic.

=cougourde=, n.f., (bot.) bottle-gourd.

=couguar= (-gar), n.m., (mam.) cougar.

=couillon=, n.m., coward, funk; fool, muff.

=couillonnade=, n.f., gammon, humbug, bosh.

=couillonner=, v.a., to gammon, to humbug, to bamboozle; to funk, to shirk.

=coulage=, n.m., leakage, waste; melting, casting.

=coulamment= (koo-la-mān), adv., fluently, freely, readily. Il parle —; he talks fluently.

=coulant=, =-e=, adj., flowing; fluent; smooth; easy, accommodating; slip (of knots). Style —; easy, fluent style. Nœud —; noose.

=coulant=, n.m., slide, slider, runner; neck-jewel; slide (of an umbrella).

=coulé=, n.m., (mus.) slur; slide (dance); cast (founding); (paint.) first wash; (billiards) following stroke.

=coulée=, n.f., running, flowing, flow; (of writing) running-hand; tapping (metal); (hunt.) track path. Trou de —; (metal.) tap-hole.

=coulement= (kool-mān), n.m., running, flow (of liquids).

=couler=, v.n., to flow, to run; to glide, to glide along; to pour, to stream; to trickle, to drop; to leak, to run out; to ooze out; to glide away, to fly away, to slip; to slide away, to go down; (founding) to run through the mold; to gutter; to touch lightly upon; to be shed, to be split. Se laisser — jusqu’à terre; to slide down to the ground. Faire —; to shed. L’échelle va —; the ladder will slip. L’encre ne coule pas; the ink does not run freely. Le nez lui coule; his nose runs. La chandelle coule; the candle gutters. Les larmes lui coulent des yeux; tears are flowing from his eyes. — sur un fait; to glide or slur over a fact. — bas, à fond; to founder, to sink.

=couler=, v.a., to cast; to strain; to slip in; to pass (time); (mus.) to slur; to run down; to do for; to scald (linen); to fall off, to drop; to sink; to run smooth, to flow. — une statue; to cast a statue. — une glace; to cast a plate of glass. — un vaisseau à fond; to sink a ship. — un pas; to pass smoothly over a step (in dancing).

se =couler=, v.r., to slip, to creep, to steal, to slide; (of metals) to be cast.

=couleur=, n.f., color, paint; favor (ribbon); coloring; appearance; suit (at cards). —s aigres; harsh colors. —s amies; blending colors. — éclatante; striking color. — tranchante; glaring color. — solide; fast color. — de feu; flame color. — de rose; rose color. Pâles —s; (med.) chlorosis, green sickness. — locale; local coloring. — voyante; showy color. — à l’huile; oil color. —s passantes; fading colors. Diversifier, mêler, assortir, les —s; to vary, to blend, to match, colors. Juger d’une chose comme un aveugle des —s; to talk of a subject without knowing anything about it. Voir tout — de rose; to see the bright side of things. Les hommes de —; men of color, mulattoes. Lampes de —; variegated lamps. Reprendre —; to be in favor again; to appear in society again. Changer de —; to change color. La — lui monta au visage; the color came into his face. Ce rôti a bien pris —; that roast meat is nicely browned. L’affaire prend —; the matter is looking better, or is taking a turn. De quelle — tourne-t-il? what are trumps? Donner de la —; to follow suit. Prendre —; (lansquenet) to stake and cut the cards. Appliquer les —s; to lay on the colors. Adoucir, amortir, les —s; to soften, to deaden, colors. Rehausser les —s; to heighten colors. Peindre à pleines —s; to paint with a full brush. Mettre en —; (paint.) to stain. Style sans —; colorless style. Prendre —; to assume a character; (of persons) to take a side. Il l’a trompé sous — d’amitié; he deceived him under a show of friendship. Sous — de; under the pretext of.

=couleuvre=, n.f., adder; (fig.) mortification, vexation, bitter pill. Faire avaler des —s à quelqu’un; to put all sorts of indignities upon a person.

=couleuvreau=, n.m., young adder.

=couleuvrée=, n.f., (bot.) bryony.

=coulevrine=, n.f., culverin; aspic. Être sous la — d’un autre; to be dependent on another. Être sous la — d’une place; to be within reach of a fort.

=coulis=, adj.m. Vent —; wind that comes through cracks and chinks, draught of air.

=coulis=, n.m., (cook.) cullis, gravy, jelly; (mas.) grout, solder.

=coulisse=, n.f., groove; sliding board; running string; rib (presses); (print.) galley; (theat.) side-scene, wing; behind the scenes; shutter, door; (exchange language) coulisse (unauthorised part of the exchange); bucket shop; frequenters of the coulisse; outside brokers. — d’arbalète; chase of a cross-bow. Propos de —s; green-room talk. Faire les yeux en —; to look askance.

=coulissé=, =-e=, adj., grooved.

=coulisseau=, n.m., slide, slide-block, wooden groove for beds with castors; guide (engineering).

=coulissier=, n.m., stock-jobber; outside broker; green-room frequenter.

=couloir=, n.m., skimming-dish, strainer; (arch.) passage, lobby. ☉— de la bile; biliary duct.

=couloire=, n.f., colander, sieve, strainer.

=coulpe=, n.f., (rel.) sin, fault. J’en dis ma —; I confess and repent.

=coulure=, n.f., running (metal); falling off, dropping off (fruit).

=coumarine=, n.f., (chem.) coumarine.

=coup= (koo), n.m., blow, thump, knock, stroke, hit, stab, thrust, lash; crack (of a whip); beat (of a drum); draught (liquids); clap (of thunder); (artil.) charge; move (at chess, draughts); (fenc.) thrust; gust (of wind); throw (at dice); shot, report (of fire-arms); butt (of rams); time; trick; event; aim; attempt; act; action; deed; kick; push. pl., knocking. — amorti; spent shot. Grand —; hard blow; last cast. Porter un —; to deal a blow. Petit —; pat; sip (of liquids). Heureux —; lucky hit. — monté; got-up affair. — mortel, — de mort; death-blow. — de maître; master-stroke. — de jarnac; treacherous, unexpected blow. — de tête; act of desperation, freak. — de partie; decisive blow. — de poing; blow with the fist, fisticuff. — de coude; nudge. Un — de revers; back-stroke; backhander. Donner des —s de pied; to kick. — de massue; blow with a club, stunning blow; thunder-stroke. — de bâton; blow with a stick; cudgeling. Donner des —s de bâton à quelqu’un; to cudgel any one. Donner un — d’épée; to deal a sword thrust. — de fleuret; pass. Donner des —s de fouet; to lash. — de dent; bite. Au or sur le — de trois heures; when the clock strikes three. Un — de sifflet; a whistle. Donnez-vous un — de peigne; comb yourself. — de foudre; thunderbolt. — de sang; apoplectic fit; congestion of the brain. — de soleil; sunstroke. — d’air; cold in the head or chest. Le — de grâce; the coup-de-grace, the finishing stroke. C’est comme un — d’épée dans l’eau; it is like beating the air. Un — de bec or de patte; a piece of slander; sarcastic remark. Assommer quelqu’un de —s, rouer quelqu’un de —s; to beat in a cruel manner. — d’assommoir; overwhelming, a stunning blow. Détourner le —; to ward off the blow. Faire son —; to succeed. Manquer son —; to fail. — perdu; random shot. Donner un — de chapeau; to take off one’s hat. Faire d’une pierre deux —s; to kill two birds with one stone. Flanquer des —s à quelqu’un; to give any one a thrashing. Sans — férir; without striking a blow, without firing a shot. Porter —; to hit home. Encore un —; once more, again; one more blow. Encore un — je vous dis; once more I tell you. D’un seul —; at one blow; at one swoop. À — perdu; in vain. Sous le — de; under the threat of. — sur —; one after another, without stopping, in succession. Pour le —; this time, for once. Après —; too late. À tous —s; at every turn, every moment. Du premier —; at the first, at once. Tout à —; all of a sudden, suddenly. Tout d’un —; at once, all at once. À — sûr; certainly, to a certainty, unquestionably. Il a reçu un — de fusil; he received a gun-shot wound. — de canon à l’eau; shot between wind and water. — de partance; (nav.) farewell gun; signal for departure. Un — de vent; a squall. — de main; (milit.) coup-de-main, surprise, sudden, unexpected, desperate, attack. Donner un — de main à quelqu’un; to give any one a helping hand. Donner un — d’épaule à quelqu’un; to give any one a lift. Donner un — de collier; to put one’s shoulder to the wheel. Frapper les grands —s; to resort to decisive measures. Asséner un —; to deal a blow. — d’œil; glance, look. Jeter un — d’œil sur; to take a peep at. Avoir le — d’œil juste; to have a carpenter’s eye. Au premier — d’œil; at first sight. Cette démarche a porté —; this step has taken effect. Un — de bonheur; a lucky hit. Un — de malheur; an unlucky hit. — d’étourdi; rash act. — de désespoir; desperate attempt. — d’essai; first attempt. — d’éclat; striking act, brilliant exploit. — d’état; violent measure, exercise or abuse of authority; revolution, state-stroke. — d’autorité; act of authority. Par un — de hasard; by a mere chance. — de bonheur; lucky chance. — imprévu; unexpected accident. — du ciel; providential stroke. —s et blessures; (jur.) cutting and maiming. — de théâtre; unexpected event; clap-trap. Il a fait le —; he has done the deed. Un —; once. Il a encore trois —s à jouer; he has still three shots. Tirer un —; to fire a shot. Porter un — fourré à quelqu’un; to do anyone an ill turn, to strike a blow in the dark. C’est un — qui porte; that is a home-thrust. Le — vaut l’argent; it is worth trying. Buvez encore un —; drink once more. Boire un grand —; to take a long draught. Buvons un — ensemble; let us have a drink together. Boire un — de trop; to have a drop too much. Tuer quelqu’un à —s de bâton; to beat anyone to death. Faire les cent —s; to run riot. Être aux cent —s; to be at one’s wits’ end; not to know which way to turn.

=coupable=, adj., culpable, guilty, at fault, sinful, criminal. Déclarer quelqu’un —; to bring any one in guilty. Se déclarer —, non —; to plead guilty, not guilty.

=coupable=, n.m.f., guilty person; culprit.

=coupage=, n.m., cutting; diluting (of wine).

=coupant=, n.m., edge (of a sword). — de l’ongle du sanglier; the edge of a wild boar’s foot (hunt.).

=coupant=, =-e=, adj., cutting, sharp.

=coupe=, n.f., cutting; chopping; felling (of wood); wood felled; cut (style); cut (place); the cut end; felling; a fall of timber; cup; chalice; quaffing-bowl; (arch.) section, plan, slope; division; (astron.) Crater; calice; cup; (theol.) wine; cutting (at cards). La — des cheveux; hair-cutting. La — des pierres; stone-cutting. Mettre en —; to mark for cutting. — réglée; annual cutting; regular contribution. La — d’un bois taillis se fait tous les neuf ans; coppice wood is felled every ninth year. Mettre en —; to cut down periodically (of forests); (fig.) to lay under regular contribution. Il a la — malheureuse; he has a very unlucky hand at cutting. Être sous la — de quelqu’un; to play first (at cards); (fig.) to be in anyone’s power. Boire la — jusqu’à la lie; to drink the cup of bitterness to the dregs. Il y a loin de la — aux lèvres; there’s many a slip between the cup and the lips. — d’un ouvrage; division of a work into parts. La — et liaison des scènes; the division and connection of the scenes. La — des vers; the division of the verses. Boire dans une —; to drink out of a cup.

=coupé=, n.m., coupee (step in dancing); brougham; front part of a French diligence. — lit; sleeping car.

=coupé=, =-e=, part., cut, short, laconic. Un pays —; a country intersected with rivers, canals, &c. Un style —; a laconic style. Du lait —; milk and water. Du vin — d’eau; wine and water.

=coupe-asperges=, n.m., (—) (hort.) asparagus-knife.

☉=coupeau=, n.m., top of a hill; cop.

=coupe-bourgeons=, n.m., (plur. —) vine-grub.

=coupe-cercle=, n.m., (—-—s) round-punch (for cutting out pasteboard).

=coupe-cors=, n.m., (—) corn-cutter.

=coupe-fils=, n.m., pliers.

=coupe-gorge=, n.m., (—) cut-throat place; nest of swindlers; the dealer turning up his own card first (lansquenet).

=coupe-jarret=, n.m., (—-—s) cut-throat, assassin, ruffian.

=coupe-légumes=, n.m., (plur. —) vegetable-cutter.

=coupellation= (-pel-la-), n.f., (chem.) cupellation; testing (metal.).

=coupelle=, n.f., cupel. Argent de —; purest silver. Essai à la —; cupellation. Mettre à la —; to submit to cupellation; to put to the test.

=coupeller=, v.a., to test (metals).

*=coupe-paille=, n.m., (—) chaff-cutter.

=coupe-pâte=, n.m., (—) dough-knife.

=couper=, v.a., to cut; to cut off, to dock, to lop, to strike off; to cut down; to cut out; to clip, to pare, to cut away, to geld; to cross, to get before; to dilute (milk, wine, with water); (milit.) to intercept; to divide, to intersect, to interrupt; to hinder; to impede, to get before; to strike; to geld; to cut up, to carve; to amputate; to chop. — menu; to mince. — un habit; to cut out a coat. — par tranches; to slice, to cut into slices. Les sanglots lui coupent la voix; her sobs stifle her utterance. — la bourse à quelqu’un; to pick any one’s pocket. — le cours d’une rivière; to interrupt the course of a river. — les vivres à une armée; to intercept the provisions of an army. — la parole à quelqu’un; to interrupt any one. Pour — court; to be brief, in short. — le chemin à quelqu’un; to stop anyone’s way. — la ligne; (milit.) to break through the line. — le sifflet à quelqu’un; (pop.) to cut anyone’s throat. — les vivres à quelqu’un; to stop anyone’s allowance. — un cheveu en quatre; to split hairs. — le câble; to take the decisive step. — l’herbe sous le pied; (fig.) to supplant anyone; to lay by the heels. — bras et jambes; (fig.) to dumfound. — chemin à un incendie, à un maladie; to stop the progress of a fire, of a disease.

se =couper=, v.r., to cut oneself; to be chafed; to cut; to wear out; to burst; to crack; to intersect, to intersect one another; to cross; to contradict oneself, to falter, to equivocate. Se — la gorge; to cut one’s throat. Se — la main; to cut one’s hand. Ce cuire s’est coupé; this leather has burst.

=couper=, v.n., to cut, to cut in (at cards); to chop. À qui à —? whose cut is it? — dans le vif; to cut to the quick. — court à quelqu’un; to cut any one short. — par le plus court; to take the shortest way.

=coupe-racines=, n.m., (plur. —) (agri.) root-cutter.

=couperet= (koo-prè), n.m., chopper, enameler’s file.

=couperose= (koo-prôz), n.f., copperas; (med.) stone-pock. — verte; green vitriol. — blanche; white vitriol. — bleue; blue vitriol.

=couperosé=, =-e= (koo-prô-zé), adj., blotched, pimpled.

=coupe-tête=, n.m., (n.p.) leap-frog.

=coupeu-r=, n.m., =-se=, n.f., cutter; player (lansquenet). — de bourses; pickpocket, cut-purse.

=coupeur d’eau=, n.m., (orni.) cut-water.

=couplage=, n.m., coupling; one of the sixteen parts composing a float of wood; pair of boats.

=couple=, n.f., couple (two things of the same kind); (of game) brace. Une — de bœufs; a yoke of oxen. Une — de perdrix; a brace of partridges.

=couple=, n.m., couple (two beings acting in concert); pair (of animals, male and female); (nav.) frame. C’est un — bien assorti; they are a well-matched couple. Un — de chevaux; a pair of horses. Maître —; midship-frame. —s de remplissage; (nav.) filling timber. — de balancement; balance timbers. Par —s; in pairs.

=coupler=, v.a., to couple, to link.

=couplet=, n.m., couplet, verse; song; tirade; hinge.

=coupleter=, v.a., to write a song.

☉=coupletier=, n.m., song writer.

=coupoir=, n.m., cutter (sharp instrument); blade; knife; (print.) lead-cutter; (foundry) dressing-bench.

=coupole=, n.f., spherical vault; cupola.

=coupon=, n.m., remnant; coupon, dividend warrant, cheque; (com.) part (of shares); (theat.) ticket.

=coupure=, n.f., cutting; cut, slit, incision; suppression, erasion; (milit.) entrenchment, ditch behind a breach; (banking term) small note, bond, coupon. J’ai une — au doigt; I have a cut on my finger.

=cour=, n.f., court (of a prince); court (of justice); love-suit, courtship; yard, court, courtyard. Basse-—; (—s-—s) back-yard, poultry-yard. — d’entrée; entrance-court, front-court. — de derrière; back-court. — de récréation; play-ground. Les gens de la —; courtiers. Eau bénite de —; empty promises. C’est la — du roi Pétaud; it is Bedlam broken loose. Faire la — à une dame; to court a lady. Faire un doigt de —; to show some attention to. Mettre hors de —; to nonsuit.

=courable=, adj., (hunt.) that may be hunted.

=courage=, n.m., courage, daring; spirit, mettle, fearlessness; fortitude, greatness of soul; heart, zeal; passion, temper. Prendre —; to be of good heart, to pluck up courage. Manquer de —; to be wanting in courage. Perdre —; to be discouraged. Tenir or prendre son — à deux mains; to summon up all one’s courage. Je n’ai pas le — de le lui refuser; I have not the heart to refuse it him. —! come! take courage! cheer up!

=courageusement= (-jeûz-mān), adv., courageously, bravely, valiantly, gallantly, fearlessly, resolutely.

=courageu-x=, =-se=, adj., courageous, daring, gallant, valiant, brave, fearless.

=couramment= (koo-ra-mān), adv., fluently, readily, off-hand. Il lit —; he reads fluently.

=courant=, =-e=, adj., current, running, present; ordinary; fair, middling (of goods); lineal (of measures). Le mois —; the present month. Monnaie —e; current coin. Le prix —; the current price. Compte —; account current. Ecriture —e; running-hand.

=courant=, n.m., current, stream, tide; course, routine; present price; present month, instant. Le — du marché; the market price. Le — des affaires; the course of affairs. Être au — des nouvelles; to know the news of the day. Tenir quelqu’un au — de; (com.) to keep any one constantly advised of. Se mettre au — de; to acquaint one’s self with. Fin —; (com.) at the end of the present month. En —; cursorily, in haste. Je vous tiendrai au —; I’ll let you know; I’ll keep you informed.

=courante=, n.f., courant (a kind of dance); running-hand (of writing); (l.ex.) looseness, relaxation.

=courbage=, n.m., bending, curving.

*=courbaril=, n.m., locust-tree. Bois de —; locust-wood.

=courbatu=, =-e=, adj., (vet.) foundered; knocked up; stiff in the joints; (med.) affected with lumbago. Je me sens tout —; I feel stiff and bruised all over.

=courbature=, n.f., (vet.) foundering, lameness; (med.) stiffness in the back and limbs, lumbago.

=courbaturer=, v.a., to knock up; to make any one feel stiff all over. Se —; to knock oneself up; to get knocked up.

=courbe=, adj., curved, bent, crooked.

=courbe=, n.f., curve (nav., carp.) knee; (vet.) curb; turn (in a road).

=courbement=, n.m., bending.

☉=courbément=, adv., curvedly, crookedly.

=courber=, v.a., to bend, to warp, to make crooked, to curve, to incurvate; (tech.) to sag, to bow down, to weigh down. Courbé de vieillesse; bent with age. Se tenir courbé; to stoop.

se =courber=, v.r., to bend, to bow; to stoop; to bow down.

=courber=, v.n., to bow, to bend.

=courbet=, n.m., bill-hook; bow of a pack-saddle.

=courbette=, n.f., (man.) curvet; cringing, bowing and scraping. Il fait des —s; he bows and scrapes and cringes.

=courbetter=, v.n., (man.) to curvet.

=courbure=, n.f., curve, curvature, bending, curvation, bend; (tech.) sagging.

*=courcailler=, v.n., to cry like a quail.

*=courcaillet=, n.m., cry of the quail; quail-pipe.

=courcive=, n.f. V. =coursive=.

=courçon=, n.m., (artil.) iron hoop, band.

=coureau=, n.m., strait, channel; yawl.

=courée=, n.f., or =courai=, n.m., (nav.) stuff to pay a ship’s bottom, grading.

=coureur=, n.m., runner, racer; courser, hunter; light-porter; running footman; groom; gadder; rambler, rover, stroller; inconstant lover; rake, libertine; (milit.) skirmisher; scout. — de sermons; sermon hunter. — de nuit; man who keeps late hours. — de cachets; visiting tutor, master.

=coureuse=, n.f., gadder, street-walker. — de cachets; visiting or daily governess.

=coure-vite= or =court-vite=, n.m., (—) (orni.) courser.

=courge=, n.f., gourd, pumpkin; yoke (to carry pails). — à la moelle; squash.

=courir= (courant, couru), v.n., to run; to hasten; to hunt, to run after; to ramble, to gad abroad, to run about, to rove, to run up and down; to flow, to stream; to run on; to run along, to extend, to stretch; to prevail, to be prevalent, to be about, abroad; to go round; to be current, to circulate, to be reported; (nav.) to sail. — à toutes jambes; to run as fast as possible; at the top of one’s speed. — à bride abattue; to ride full gallop. — après; to run after. Devancer en courant; to outrun. — çà et là; to run about, up and down; to gad about. L’année qui court; the present year. Au temps, par le temps, qui court; as times go nowadays. La monnaie qui court; current money. La mode qui court; the prevailing fashion. Le bruit court qu’il est mort; there is a report that he is dead. Il court bien des maladies; there is much illness about. — à l’autre bord; (nav.) to stand upon the other tack. — au large; to stand off. — à sa perte; to hasten to one’s ruin. — à l’hôpital; to be ruining one’s self. — aux armes; to fly to arms. — sur le marché de quelqu’un; to outbid any one. — à sa fin; to draw to an end. Faire — des bruits; to spread reports. Faire — une santé; to make a toast go round.

=courir=, v.a., to run after, to pursue; to travel over; to hunt; to frequent; to infest; to expose one’s self, to run, to take. — les rues; to run about the streets. — la pretantaine; to gad about. — les bals, les théâtres; to frequent balls, theatres. — le pays; to rove, to stroll about. — le monde; to travel. Être fou à — les rues or les champs; to be as mad as a March hare. — la poste; to do a thing precipitately. — sa vingtième année; to be in one’s twentieth year. — le plat pays, la mer; to be a pirate. — le même lièvre; to be engaged in the same pursuit. — même fortune; to be in the same boat.

=courlieu= or =courlis=, n.m., (orni.) curlew.

=couronne=, n.f., crown, coronet; wreath; (anat., arch., astron., conch., hort., hunt.) crown; crown (of the teeth); crown (a coin); (vet.) coronet; (fort.) crown work; (of paper) large foolscap; (of a lamp) chimney-holder. — civique; civic crown. — d’épines; crown of thorns. La — du martyre; the crown of martyrdom. Décerner une —; to award a wreath. — impériale; (bot.) crown-imperial. — de pieu; head of a stake. — des blés; rose-campion. Domaine de la —; crown-lands. C’est le plus beau fleuron de sa —; it is the brightest jewel in his crown. Traiter de — à —; to treat as from sovereign to sovereign. — matrimoniale; (hist. of Scotland) matrimonial crown.

=couronné=, =-e=, part., crowned, capped; encompassed; (vet.) broken-kneed; (arch.). Arbre —; tree the top of which is withering. Cheval —; broken-kneed horse.

=couronnement= (koo-ro-n-mān), n.m., crowning, coronation; completion; crowning, coping (of walls); cap (of blocks); (nav.) taffrail of a ship.

=couronner=, v.a., to crown; to decree a crown; to award a prize; to wreath; (arch.) to cap. — de fleurs; to crown with flowers. La fin couronne l’œuvre; all’s well that ends well.

se =couronner=, v.r., to be crowned, to wear a crown; to begin to wither at the top (of trees); to be broken-kneed, to come down (of a horse).

=couronnure=, n.f., crown (on a stag’s head).

=courre=, n.m., (hunt.) starting-place; hunting or coursing country.

=courre=, v.a., (hunt.) to run; to hunt. Laisser —; to slip the hounds.

=courrier=, n.m., courier, post, post-boy; messenger. — de la malle; mail-cart driver. Jour de —; post-day. Par le — de ce jour; by to-day’s post. Par le retour du or par retour de —; by return of post. L’heure du —; post-time. Faire son —; to write one’s letters. Lire or dépouiller son —; to read one’s letters.

=courrière=, n.f., (l.u.) wanderer; forerunner, harbinger; messenger.

=courroi=, n.m., roller, tenter (used by dyers).

=courroie=, n.f., strap, thong; belt, band. Allonger la —; to make the most of one’s money. Serrer la — à quelqu’un; to curtail any one’s allowance. Lâcher la —; to give rein, to give rope.

=courroucer=, v.a., to provoke to anger, to incense; to irritate. Flots courroucés; angry waves.

se =courroucer=, v.r., to become angry.

=courroux=, n.m., wrath, anger, rage. Être en —; to be angry.

=courroyage=, n.m., tentering.

=courroyer=, v.a., to tenter, to stretch stuffs just dyed.

=courroyeur=, n.m., one who stretches stuffs just dyed.

=cours=, n.m., course, stream, current, running, vent, scope; public drive; vogue; currency (of coin); progress; continuation; term, space; lectures, course of lectures; (com.) market price; (nav.) voyage. Donner un libre — à sa fureur; to give full vent to one’s anger. Le — du soleil est d’orient en occident; the course of the sun is from east to west. Ce bruit a eu —; the rumor was current. Donner — à; to give currency to. Salle de —; lecture-room. Faire un —; to give a course of lectures. Suivre un —; to attend a course of lectures. Ce jeune homme a fini ses —; this young man has finished his studies. — d’eau; stream; watercourse. — de ventre; looseness of the bowels. Avoir son —; to take its course (of a disease). — légal; legal tender. Dernier —; closing price. Premier —; opening price. Obtenir le —; (com.) to command a price. Voyage de long —; ocean travel; voyage to foreign parts.

=course=, n.f., race, running; run; career; tilt; coursing, hunting, chase; cruise, cruising, incursion, privateering; journey, walk; excursion, jaunt; round, call, errand; tour; fare; course; (nav.) cruise; length of the stroke (of a piece of machinery). Il est léger à la —; he is a swift runner. Surpasser à la —; to outrun. — de bague; running at the ring. — de chevaux; horse-race. Champ de —; race-course. — au clocher; steeple-chase. Une — à pied; a foot-race. — de chars; chariot-race. — de haies; hurdle-race. Aller en —; to go upon a cruise. Vaisseau armé en —; ship armed for cruising, privateer. Être en —; to be out. Faire des —s; to go on errands, to pay calls. Faire une — à cheval; to take a ride. Faire une — à pied; to walk out on foot. Prendre un fiacre à la —; to take a hackney coach by the drive. Lutte à la —; foot-match.

=coursier=, n.m., charger, steed; (nav.) bow, bow-chase; float-board.

=coursive=, n.f., (nav.) waist; passage; half-deck.

=courson=, n.m., shoot cut down to three or four eyes; vine-shoot.

=court=, =-e=, adj., short; scanty; brief, concise, curt, succinct; narrow; limited. Être — d’argent; to be short of money. Avoir la vue —e; to be near-sighted. Il est revenu avec sa —e honte; he came back unsuccessful. Il veut la faire —e et bonne; he wishes to have a short but a merry life.

=court=, n.m., the shortest way. Savoir le — et le long d’une affaire; to know the long and the short of an affair. Prendre le plus —; to take the shortest way.

=court=, adv., short. S’arrêter tout —; to stop short. Tourner —; to turn short. Pour le faire —; to be short. Couper — à quelqu’un; to cut any one short. Demeurer tout —; to stop short. Tenir quelqu’un de —; to keep anyone under. Tout —; only that, and no more. À — de; short of.

=courtage=, n.m., (com.) business of a broker; brokerage, commission. — de change; bill-brokerage. Faire le —; to carry on the business of a broker.

=courtaud=, =-e=, adj., thick-set, dumpy; docked, crop-eared (of dogs, horses). Etriller quelqu’un en chien —; to give any one a good licking.

=courtaud=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., short, thick-set person. — de boutique; shop drudge, counter-jumper. [In the latter sense, courtaud is not used in the feminine.]

=courtauder=, v.a., to dock, to crop (horses, &c.).

*=court-bouillon=, n.m., (—s-—s) a wine sauce to boil fish in.

=court-bouton=, n.m., (—s-—s) peg (of a plow).

=courte-botte=, n.m., (—s-—s) shrimp of a fellow.

=courte-boule=, n.f., short bowls.

=courte-haleine=, n.f., shortness of breath, asthma.

=courtement=, adv., (l.u.) shortly, briefly.

*=courte-paille=, n.f., cut (wisp of straw). Tirer à la —; to draw cuts, lots.

=courtepointe=, n.f., counterpane, quilt.

=courtepointier= (-tié), n.m., quilt-maker.

=courter=, v.a., to buy and sell as a broker, to act as a commission agent.

=courtier= (-tié), n.m., broker; agent. — de change; bill-broker, money-broker. — non breveté, — marron; unlicensed broker. — maritime; ship-broker. — pour les denrées coloniales; colonial broker. — d’assurances, dictions; insurance, share, broker. — pour les sucres; sugar-broker. — de mariage; matrimonial agent. — electoral; electioneering agent; canvasser.

=courtière=, n.f., matrimonial agent, go-between.

=courtil=, n.m., croft (small field).

=courtilière=, n.f., mole-cricket.

*=courtille=, n.f., tea-gardens.

=courtine=, n.f., (fort.) curtain.

=courtisan=, n.m., courtier.

=courtisane=, n.f., courtesan.

=courtisanerie=, n.f., court flattery; toadyism.

=courtisanesque=, adj., courtier-like.

=courtiser=, v.a., to court, to pay court to, to woo, to flatter. — une femme; to make love to a woman.

=court-jointé=, =-e=, adj., (—-—s) short-jointed.

=court-mancher=, v.a., (cook.) to skewer.

=court-monté=, =-e=, adj., low-backed (of horses).

=courtois=, =-e=, adj., courteous, polite, well-bred. Armes —es; blunt arms.

=courtoisement= (-toaz-mān), adv., in a courteous manner, courteously.

=courtoisie=, n.f., courteousness, courtesy, kindness, good turn.

à =courts jours=, adv., having a few days to run (of bills). Lettre de change à —; bill which has but a few days to run.

=court-vêtu=, =-e=, adj., (—-—s) in short petticoats.

=court-vite=, n.m., (—). V. =coure-vite=.

=couscous=, n.m., (n.p.) couscous (Arabian dish).

=couseuse=, n.f., sewer, stitcher (of books).

=cousin=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., cousin; friend, crony. — germain; first cousin, cousin german. — au troisième degré; third cousin.

=cousin=, n.m., (ent.) gnat.

=cousinage=, n.m., relationship of cousins, relation, kindred.

=cousiner=, v.a., to call cousin.

se =cousiner=, v.r., to call one another cousin.

=cousiner=, v.n., to spunge, to live on others, to be friends, cronies.

=cousinerie= (koo-zi-n-rî), n.f., host of cousins.

=cousinière=, n.f., gnat-veil, mosquito-net.

=cousoir=, n.m., (book-bind.) sewing-press.

=coussin=, n.m., cushion, hassock; pad; (min., surg.) bolster. — de mire; bed of a cannon.

=coussinet=, n.m., small cushion; pad; iron wedge; (surg.) bolster; (arch.) cushion; (railways) chair; pillion (of saddles); (bot.) whortleberry; cranberry.

=cousu=, =-e=, part., sewed, stitched; seamed; closed. Ses finesses sont cousues de fil blanc; his tricks are very shallow. Bouche cousue; mum’s the word. Être — d’argent; to be rolling in money.

=coût=, n.m., (jur.) cost, charge; price, expense.

=coûtant=, adj., of the cost. Prix —; prime cost.

=couteau=, n.m., knife; ☉short sword, dagger. — à découper, — à dépecer; carving-knife. A —x tirés; at daggers drawn. — pliant; clasp-knife. — à ressort; spring-knife. — à deux tranchants; two-edged knife. Planche à —x; knife-board. Donner un coup de — à quelqu’un; to stab anyone with a knife. Aiguiser ses —x; to prepare for the engagement. — poignard; dagger-knife. Ils en sont à —x tirés; they are at daggers drawn.

=coutelas= (koo-tlâ), n.m., cutlass.

=coutelier=, n.m., cutler.

=coutelière=, n.f., knife-case; cutler’s wife.

=coutellerie= (koo-tèl-rî), n.f., cutler’s shop; cutlery, cutler’s ware.

=coûter=, v.n., to cost; to stand in; to be expensive; to be painful, troublesome, mortifying; to be an effort, a trial. Il lui en coûte beaucoup de dire cela; it is very painful to him to say that. L’argent ne lui coûte rien; he knows not the value of money. Que coûte-t-il de souhaiter? there is nothing so easy as wishing. Tout lui coûte; everything is an effort to him. Coûte que coûte; come what may, at any price. Rien ne lui coûte; he spares no trouble; he sticks at nothing.

=coûter=, v.a., to cost. Cela lui coûta la vie; that cost her her life, or him his life.

=coûteusement=, adv., expensively.

=coûteu-x=, =-se=, adj., expensive, costly.

=coutier= (-tié), n.m., tick-maker.

=coutil= (koo-ti), n.m., ticking, duck. Fil de —; drill.

=coutre=, n.m., plow-share, coulter; (nav.) cutter.

=coutrier=, n.m., subsoil-plow.

=coutume=, n.f., custom; habit; practice, usage; ☉tax; collection of customs. Selon ma —; according to my custom. Comme de —; as usual. Avoir — de; to be accustomed to. Une fois n’est pas —; once does not constitute a habit; one swallow does not make a summer.

=coutumi-er=, =-ère=, adj., common, ordinary, customary; accustomed, used; wonted, habitual. Pays —; country governed by common law. Il est — du fait; it is not the first time he has done it; he is an old offender, an old hand.

☉=coutumier=, n.m., customary (book of common law).

=couture=, n.f., seam; sewing, stitching; scar. Rabattre les —s; to flatten the seams. Ils ont été battus à plate —; they were beaten hollow. — ouverte; (nav.) open seam.

=couturer=, v.a., to seam. Il a le visage couturé; his face is seamed, scarred.

=couturier=, n. and adj. m., (anat.) sartorious muscle; tailor’s muscle; sempster, sewer; ladies’ tailor.

=couturière=, n.f., dressmaker, seamstress, needle-woman.

=couvage=, n.m., brooding, sitting.

=couvain=, n.m., eggs of bees, or of bugs; breeding-cells, etc.

=couvaison=, n.f., brooding-time, sitting.

=couvée=, n.f., nest of eggs; brood, covey; (b.s.) generation, progeny. D’une —; at one brood.

=couvent=, n.m., convent, monastery, nunnery.

=couver=, v.a., to sit on, to hatch; to brood on, to incubate, to brood, to brew. — quelqu’un des yeux; to look tenderly at anyone; to devour with one’s eyes; to gloat over. — de mauvais desseins; to brew evil designs. — une maladie; to be sickening for an illness.

se =couver=, v.r., to brood, to sit, to lie hid, to hatch.

=couver=, v.n., to brood, to sit, to lie hid; to lurk; to smolder; to prepare secretly.

=couvercle=, n.m., cover, lid; (tech.) cap, shutter.

=couverseau=, n.m., drum-cover (of a mill).

=couvert=, n.m., dinner things; breakfast things; cover (plate, spoon, knife, and fork); case (containing a spoon, knife, and fork); shelter; covert, shady place, thicket; cover, wrapper. Mettre le —; to lay the cloth. Ôter le —; to remove the cloth, to clear the table. Donner le — à quelqu’un; to shelter anyone. Table de dix —s; table laid for ten. Un — de plus; another knife and fork.

=couvert=, =-e=, part., covered; (fort.) covered, hid, hidden, secret; close, concealed; cloudy, overcast (of the weather); obscure, ambiguous (of words); clad, deep-colored (of wine). — de plaies; covered with sores. Il est toujours ben —; he is always well clothed. Mots —s; ambiguous words. À mots —s; in innuendoes. Pays —; woody country. Chemin —; (fort.) covert-way. Lieu —; shady place. Temps —; cloudy weather. À —; under cover; sheltered, secure. Se mettre à —; to shelter one’s self. Être à —; have good security, to be safe.

=couverte=, n.f., glaze, glazing.

☉=couvertement=, adv., covertly, secretly.

=couverture=, n.f., cover (of a book); wrapper; coverlet, counterpane, quilt, bed-clothes; blanketing; rug, cloak, blind; (com.) guaranty, security. — de laine; blanket. — de cheval; horse-cloth. — piquée; quilt. — de selle; saddle-cloth. Faire la —; to turn down the bed.

=couverturier=, n.m., blanket-maker.

=couvet=, n.m., earthenware foot-stove.

=couveuse=, n.f., brooding-hen.

=couvi=, adj., addle, addled. Œuf —; rotten egg.

=couvoir=, n.m., incubator.

=couvre-chef=, n.m., (—-—s) covering for the head, headgear, head-dress, kerchief.

=couvre-feu=, n.m., (—) curfew, curfew-bell; fire-cover, fire-plate.

=couvre-lumière=, n.m., (—-—s) (artil.) apron.

=couvre-pieds=, n.m., (—) foot-coverlet.

=couvre-plat=, n.m., (—-—s) dish-cover.

=couvreur=, n.m., tiler, slater. — en ardoise; slater. — en chaume; thatcher. — en tuiles; tiler.

=couvrir=, (couvrant couvert), v.a., to cover; to envelop; to wrap up; to muffle up; (com., milit.) to cover; (of horse) to serve, to leap; to excuse, to palliate; to defray (expenses); to overflow, to overspread; to overrun; to protect; to copulate; to cloak, to keep secret, to disguise. — un toit; to roof. — de honte; to load with shame. — sa faute; to palliate one’s fault. Un bon général doit savoir — sa marche; a good general should know how to conceal his march.

se =couvrir=, v.r., to cover oneself, to put on one’s hat, to be covered; to cover or defend oneself; to conceal oneself; to get under cover; to be overcast (of the weather); to reimburse oneself. Couvrez-vous; put your hat on. Le temps se couvre; the weather is becoming overcast.

=covenant= (kov-nān), n.m., covenant.

=covenantaire=, n.m., covenanter.

=covendeu-r=, n.m., =-se=, n.f., joint-vendor.

=cowpox=, n.m., cow-pox.

=coxal=, adj., (anat.) of the hip, coxal, iliac.

=crabe=, n.m., crab.

=crabier=, n.m., crab-eater.

=crac=, int., creaking noise, crack, pop! —! le voilà parti; he was off in the twinkling of an eye! or before you could say Jack Robinson! Monsieur de —; Baron Munchausen.

=crachat=, n.m., spittle, expectoration; slight materials (of buildings); star, grand cross.

=crachement= (krash-mān), n.m., spitting. — de sang; spitting of blood.

=craché=, =-e=, part. adj. Tout —, toute —e; the very image of; the dead spit of.

=cracher=, v.a., to spit, to spit out, to utter, to come out with; to come down with, to fork out (money). — du coton; (pop.) to have a thirst on.

=cracher=, v.n., to spit, to sputter (of speech, of pens). — au bassin; to contribute. — au nez, au visage, de quelqu’un; to spit in anyone’s face. — en l’air; to be hoist with one’s own petard. C’est à — dessus; it is a mean, despicable thing.

=cracheu-r=, n.m., =-se=, n.f., spitter.

=crachoir=, n.m., spittoon.

=crachotement=, n.m., frequent spitting.

=crachoter=, v.n., to spit often.

=craie=, n.f., chalk. Marquer avec de la —; to chalk.

=craïer=, n.m., (nav.) pole-masted vessel.

=craillement=, n.m., cawing (of crows).

=crailler=, v.n., to caw.

=craindre= (craignant, craint), v.a., to fear, to apprehend; to be afraid of, to dread, to stand in awe or fear of; to be afraid; to dislike; to be unable to bear. Il craint d’être découvert; he is afraid of being discovered. Il craint que sa femme ne meure; he fears his wife will die. Je ne crains pas de le dire; I do not hesitate to say so. Ces arbres craignent le froid; these trees dread the cold. Se faire — de quelqu’un; to be held in dread by anyone. À —; to be feared; dangerous; to be avoided.

=crainte=, n.f., fear, dread, awe, apprehension. Retenir quelqu’un par la —; to keep any one in awe. Sans —; fearlessly. Avec —; fearfully, in terror, in dread. — de, de — de; for fear of. De — que; for fear of; for fear that, lest. De — d’être surpris; for fear of being surprised. De — qu’il ne le fasse; lest he should do it.

=crainti-f=, =-ve=, adj., fearful, apprehensive, timid, timorous, cowardly.

=craintivement=, adv., fearfully, timorously.

*=cramailler=, n.m., (horl.) notch-wheel.

=crambe= or =crambé=, n.m., (bot.) colza, sea kale.

=cramoisi=, n.m., crimson.

=cramoisi=, =-e=, adj., crimson; red, scarlet.

=crampe=, n.f., cramp; cramp-fish, numb-fish; (nav.) cramp-iron; hook of a block. Avoir des —s d’estomac; griping; cramping. Tirer sa —; (pop.) to bolt, to run away.

=crampon=, n.m., (bot.) fulcrum, prop; (farriery) calkin; (hort.) climbing-spur; (mach.) click; cramp-iron, cramp-hook; hold-fast; grappling iron; brace. — de fer à cheval; frost-nails of a horseshoe.

=cramponné=, =-e=, part., clinging to; (her.) having half a potence at both ends, cramponee; (farriery) with calkins.

=cramponner=, v.a., to cramp, to fasten with a cramp-iron. — un cheval; to shoe a horse with frost-nails, calkins.

se =cramponner=, v.r., to cling, to hold fast, to fasten to anything; to cling like grim death to.

=cramponnet=, n.m., little cramp-iron, tack, loop. — de targette; lock staple.

=cran=, n.m., notch; cog; (bot.) scurvy-grass, cochlearia, horse-radish; (print.) nick; (vet.) notch, ridge. D’un —; by a notch. Baisser d’un —; to take a peg lower. Monter d’un —; to rise a peg higher.

=crâne=, n.m., skull, brain-pan, cranium; (pop.) madcap, swaggerer, blusterer. adj., bold, brave; famous, capital, spicy.

=crânement=, adv., swaggeringly; capitally, in style, famously, fearlessly, unblushingly.

=crânerie= (crâ-n-rî), n.f., (pop.) swaggering, blustering, vaporing.

=crangon=, n.m., shrimp.

=craniologie= or =cranologie=, n.f., craniology.

=craniologique=, adj., craniological.

=craniologiste=, n.m., craniologist.

=craniomètre=, n.m., craniometer.

=craniométrie=, n.f., craniometry.

=craniométrique=, adj., craniometrical.

=cranioscopie=, n.f., cranioscopy.

=cranologie=, n.f. V. =craniologie=.

=cranson=, n.m., scurvy-grass. — rustique; horse-radish.

=crapaud=, n.m., toad; urchin, brat, fellow; low-seat chair; (artil.) mortar-carriage; (vet.) crepane, maltworm. La bave d’un —; toad-spittle. C’est un vilain —; he is a mean, despicable fellow. Il est chargé d’argent comme un — de plumes; all the money he has he can put in his eye. — de gouvernail; (nav.) goose-neck. — de mer; toad-fish; hog-fish. — pécheur; fishing frog. — volant; churn-owl. — de timon; pole-end (of a carriage).

*=crapaudaille=, n.f., a gang of vagabonds, riff-raff. V. =crépodaille=.

=crapaudière=, n.f., toad-hole; (fig.) low, swampy place.

=crapaudine=, n.f., (min.) bufonite, toad-stone, wolf’s-tooth; leaden grating; valve of an escape pipe; (vet.) crepane, crack; (bot.) sideritis, iron-wort; (mec.) socket. À la —; cut open and broiled; spatch-cocked.

=crapelet=, n.m., young toad; toadlet.

=crapone=, n.f., (horl.) square flat file.

=crapoussin=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., scrubby little man or woman, dwarf, bloated little shrimp.

=crapule=, n.f., low vulgar debauchery; intemperance; gluttony, drunkenness; low, debauched people; blackguards.

=crapuler=, v.n., to live in vice, to fuddle or drink hard, to give one’s self up to all sorts of low debauchery.

=crapuleusement=, adv., dissolutely.

=crapuleu-x=, =-se=, adj., drunken, intemperate, vulgar, debauched; grossly vicious, dissolute.

=craque=, n.f., fib, humbug, fudge, bouncer. int., crack, bang.

=craquelé=, =-e=, adj., crackled, fissured (of china).

=craqueler=, v.n., to crack; to crackle (of china).

=craquelin= (kra-klin), n.m., cracknel.

=craquelot= (kra-klo), n.m., red-herring.

=craqueloti-er=, n.m., =-ère= (kra-klo-tièr), n.f., herring-curer.

=craquelure=, n.f., fissure, crack (in china).

=craquement= (krak-mān), n.m., crack, cracking noise, crunching; crepitation, creaking, snapping (of trees, boughs). Un — de dents; a chattering of the teeth.

=craquer=, v.n., to creak, to crunch, to crack, to crackle, to snap; to chatter (of the teeth); to tell a lie, to boast, to draw the long bow. Faire — ses doigts; to make one’s fingers snap.

=craquerie=, n.f., cracking, boasting, drawing the long bow, fiction, story, fib, fudge.

=craquètement=, n.m., crackling; gabbling (of the stork and other birds).

=craqueter= (kra-kté), v.n., to crackle, to crepitate; to gabble (of some birds). Le laurier craquète au feu; laurel crackles in the fire.

=craquette=, n.f., notch (of a tailor); scum (on melted butter).

=craqueu-r=, n.m., =-se=, n.f., noisy, boasting fellow; bouncer, braggart.

=crase=, n.f., (gram.) crasis, contraction of two syllables into one; (med.) crasis.

=crasiologie=, n.f., crasiology.

=crassane=, n.f., cresane (a sort of pear).

=crasse=, n.f., dirt, filth, scurf; squalor; niggardliness, stinginess; coat of filth, layer of dirt; rusticity, bad manners; (of coals) ashes, cinders. — de la tête; dandruff. La — des métaux; the dross, scum, scale, of metals.

=crasse=, adj., gross, thick, coarse, crass. Une ignorance —; gross or crass ignorance.

=crasser=, v.a., to foul, to dirty (of fire-arms).

se =crasser=, v.r., to become foul (of fire-arms).

=crasseu-x=, =-se=, adj., dirty, filthy, nasty, squalid, rusty; sordid, stingy, mean. Cheveux —; greasy hair.

=crasseu-x=, n.m., =-se=, n.f., sloven, slut; niggard, miser, skinflint. Un —; a filthy fellow.

=crassule=, n.f., (bot.) crassula.

=cratère=, n.m., (geol.) crater; (antiq.) bowl, cup; (astron.) Crater, Cup.

=craticulation=, n.f., (paint.) squaring.

=craticuler=, v.a., (paint.) to square. V. =graticuler=.

=cratirites=, n.f.pl., wild Grecian figs.

=craupécherot= or =corbeau pêcheur=, n.m., (orni.) bald-buzzard, osprey, fishing-eagle.

=cravache=, n.f., horsewhip, riding-whip.

=cravan=, n.m., (orni.) brent-barnacle, brand-goose, brent.

=cravate=, n.f., cravat, neck-tie, neckcloth, neckerchief; (of curtains) band. — d’un drapeau; knot of a flagstaff. — longue; scarf.

=cravate=, n.m., Croat; Croatian horse. Régiment de —s; formerly regiment of light cavalry; regiment of Croats. adj., Croatian. Cheval —; Croatian horse.

=cravater=, v.a., to put any one’s neck-tie on for him; to go round the neck; to fit.

se =cravater=, v.r., to put on one’s neck-tie.

=crayère=, n.f., chalk-pit.

=crayeu-x=, =-se=, adj., chalky.

=crayon=, n.m., chalk; pencil; pencil drawing, portrait in crayons; description of a person, manner, style; sketch, rough-draft, outline. — noir; blacklead-pencil. — d’ardoise; slate-pencil. — de pastel; pastel, crayon. Affûter un —, donner une pointe à un —; to point a pencil. Au —; in pencil.

=crayonner=, v.a., to draw with a pencil; to sketch rudely or imperfectly; to sketch, to trace the outline, to chalk, to delineate; to paint badly.

=crayonneur=, n.m., (b.s.) dauber.

=crayonneu-x=, =-se=, adj., chalky.

=cré=, adj., abbreviation of sacré.

=créadier=, n.m., sort of drag-net.

=créance=, n.f., credence, credit, trust, belief; debt, money owing; influence; (hunt.) command. Lettres de —; letter of credence, credentials. Lettre de —; letter of credit. Donner — à une chose; to give credit to a thing. Chien de bonne —; dog well in hand. Oiseau de peu de —; (hawking) bird that will not come back to its master.

=créanci-er=, n.m., =-ère=, n.f., creditor; (jur.) covenantee, obligee. — hypothécaire; mortgagee. — importun; dun.

=créat=, n.m., (man.) riding-master’s assistant.

=créateur=, n.m., creator, maker.

=créat-eur=, =-rice=, adj., creative, creating, inventive. Il a le génie —; he has an inventive genius.

=créatine=, n.f., (chem.) creatine.

=création=, n.f., creation; production; foundation; establishment.

=créature=, n.f., creature; thing; dependant, tool.

☉=crébèbe=, n.m. V. =cubèbe=.

=crécelle=, n.f., rattle.

=crécerelle=, n.f., (orni.) kestrel, windhover.

=crèche=, n.f., crèche, manger, crib; day-nursery; foundling-hospital; (arch.) starling.

=crédence=, n.f., credence, credence-table; buttery, pantry, safe.

=crédencier=, n.m., pantler, clerk of the buttery, buttery-keeper.

=crédibilité=, n.f., credibility.

=crédit=, n.m., credit; trust; authority, interest, influence, patronage, sway, power; repute, esteem, name, vogue, favor, request. Lettre de —; letter of credit. Faire —, vendre, donner, à —; to credit, to give trust, to give credit. Ouvrir un — à quelqu’un; to open an account with any one. Il a bon —; his credit is good. Avoir — en banque; to have funds in the bank. Faire — de la main à la bourse; to trust no farther than one can see. — est mort; old Trust is dead. Cela l’a mis en —; that brought him into repute. Être en grand —; to be in high repute. À —; on credit, on trust; to no purpose; gratuitously, without proof, without ground, at random. Avoir du —; to have influence.

=créditer=, v.a., to trust; to enter upon the credit side (of an account), to credit. Être crédité sur une ville; to have letters of credit on a town.

=créditeur=, n.m., creditor.

=créditeur=, adj. Compte —; creditor’s account.

=credo=, n.m., (—) creed, belief.

=crédule=, adj., credulous, easy of belief.

=crédulement=, adv., with credulity, credulously.

=crédulité=, n.f., credulity.

=créer=, v.a., to create; to invent; to imagine; to produce; to beget; to appoint; to establish. — un chevalier; to dub a knight. — une rente; to invest funds for an annuity. Se — des moyens; to find means. Se — des ressources; to find resources.

*=crémaillère=, n.f., hook, pot-hanger, pot-hook; (horl.) rack; (tech.) rack, toothed rack. La — d’une cric; the rack of a screw-jack. Chaise à —; spring-back chair. Pendre la —; to give a house-warming. Aller pendre la —; to go to a house-warming.

*=crémaillon=, n.m., small pot-hook.

=crémaster=, n. and adj. m., (anat.) cremaster.

=crémation=, n.f., cremation.

=crème=, n.f., cream; the best part of a thing, the cream. — fouettée; whipt cream. Fromage à la —; cream-cheese. — de tartre; cream of tartar. Pot à —; cream-jug.

=crément=, n.m., (gram.) increase (of a word).

=crémer=, v.n., to cream, to gather cream.

=crémerie=, n.f., milk-shop, dairy.

=crémeu-x=, =-se=, adj., creamy.

=crémi-er=, n.m., =-ère=, n.f., milkman, milk-woman; dairy man or woman. f., cream-jug, milk-jug.

*=crémillée=, n.f., ward (of a lock).

=crémone=, n.m., a Cremona violin.

=crémone=, n.f., window-fastening, spring.

=crénage=, n.m., (letter-founding) kerning.

=créné=, =-e=, adj., (bot.) crenated, indented.

=créneau=, n.m., battlement; embrasure; loop-hole.

=crénelage=, n.m., (coin.) milling.

=crénelé=, =-e=, part. adj., (her.) embattled; loop-holed; indented, notched; (of wheels) cogged; (of coins) milled; (bot.) denticulated, crenated.

=créneler= (kré-n-lé), v.a., to embattle; to loop-hole; to indent, to notch. — une roue; to tooth, to cog, a wheel. — une pièce de monnaie; to mill a piece of money.

=crénelure= (kré-n-lur), n.f., crenelation; notching; (anat.) indentation; (bot.) crenature; crenel.

=créner=, v.a., (type-founding) to kern.

=crénerie=, n.f., (type-founding) kerning.

=crénilabre=, n.m., (ich.) gold-finny.

=crénom=, int., by George! by Jove! hang it!

=crénon=, n.m., first splitting of a block of slate.

=crénulé=, =-e=, adj., notched, indentated; crenulate.

=crénure=, n.f., (print.) hole in the bar of a frame.

=créole=, n.m.f., Creole; West Indian.

=créosote=, n.f., (chem.) creosote.

=crêpage=, n.f., glossing of crape; crisping.

=crêpe=, n.m., crape; (fig.) vail. Il porte un — à son chapeau; he wears a crape hat-band. — crêpé; crisped crape. — lisse; smooth crape.

=crêpe=, n.f., pancake.

=crêper=, v.a., to crisp, to crape, to frizzle. Cheveux crêpés; frizzed hair.

=crépi=, n.m., rough-cast, parget.

saint-=crépin=, n.m., Saint Crispin; kit (of a journeyman shoemaker). Perdre son saint-—; to lose one’s all.

=crépine=, n.f., fringe (woven on the top); caul covering the bowels of sheep. À —; fringy.

=crépir=, v.a., to parget, to rough-cast, to plaster. — le cuir; to work leather in grain, to pummel a hide on the flesh side. — le crin; to crisp hair.

=crépissage=, n.m., (mas.) plastering, pargeting, rough-casting.

=crépissement=, n.m., pargeting, rough-casting; parget.

=crépissure=, n.f., pargeting, rough-casting.

=crépitant=, =-e=, adj., crepitating, crackling.

=crépitation=, n.f., or =crépitement=, n.m., crepitation, crackling.

=crépodaille= or =crapaudaille=, n.f., thin crape, gauze-crape.

=crépon=, n.m., crepon, frizette, rouge-puff, hair-pad.

=crépu=, =-e=, adj., crisped, frizzled, crisp, crispy, woolly. Les nègres ont les cheveux —s; negroes have woolly hair.

=crépusculaire=, adj., crepuscular. Lumière —; twilight.

=crépuscule=, n.m., crepuscule, twilight; dawn. — du soir; owl-light, twilight.

=créque=, n.f., sloe.

=créquier=, n.m., sloe tree.

=cresane=, n.f. V. =crassane=.

=crescendo=, adv., (mus.) crescendo.

=créseau=, n.m., species of woolen stuff, kersey.

=cresserelle=, n.f. V. =crécerelle=.

=cresson=, n.m., cress, cresses, water-cress. — alénois, de jardin; dittander; garden-cress. — doré; golden saxifrage. — des prés; lady’s smock. — sauvage; water-plantain. — de rivière; water-rocket.

=cressonnière=, n.f., cress-bed.

=crésus=, n.m., (—) very rich man. C’est un —; he is a very Crœsus.

=crétacé=, =-e=, adj., cretaceous.

=crête=, n.f., crest, tuft, comb of a cock or hen; top-knot; (anat.) ridge; (arch.) ridge; top; bank; coping. — de morue; head-piece (of a cod). Lever la —; to be conceited; to hold one’s head high. Baisser la —; to come down a peg. Rabaisser la — à quelqu’un; to bring anyone down a peg. — d’un fossé; bank on the side of a ditch. — d’une montagne; ridge of a mountain. — d’une grosse vague; crest of a billow. — marine; samphire. — de coq; cock’s-comb; hog’s-ear shell. Crête-de-coq, (—s-—) louse-wort.

=crêté=, =-e=, adj., crested, tufted.

=crételer=, v.n., (of hens) to cackle.

=crétin=, n.m., (med.) cretin; idiot, dunce. C’est un —; he is a dunce.

=crétiniser=, v.a., to brutalize, to brutify, to make an idiot of.

se =crétiniser=, v.r., to become brutified; to become stupid.

=crétinisme=, n.m., cretinism, idiocy.

=crétique=, adj., cretic.

=crétois=, =-e=, n. and adj., Cretan.

=cretonne=, n.f., fine linen, long-cloth, cretonne.

=cretons=, n.m.pl., residuum of melted tallow and kitchen-stuff; graves. — de lard; scrapings.

=creusage=, n.m., deepening, hollowing; plowing; digging.

=creusement= (kreuz-mān), n.m., (l.u.) digging; excavation, hollowing, deepening.

=creuser=, v.a., to dig, to delve; to hollow, to make hollow, to excavate, to scoop out; to sink, to deepen. — la terre; to dig the ground. — un fossé; to dig a ditch. — un puits; to sink a well. — une question; to examine a question thoroughly.

se =creuser=, v.r., to become hollow. Se — le cerveau; to rack one’s brain.

=creuser=, v.n., to dig. — sous terre; to dig underground. — bien avant; to dig deep.

=creuset=, n.m., crucible, melting-pot; (chem.) test, trial. Passer par le —; to assay, to refine.

=creux=, n.m., hollow, cavity; pit, hole, chasm; gutter, delve; mold; mortar, trough; pit of the stomach. — planté d’arbres; dell planted with trees. — profond dans une mine; groove in a mine. Le — de la main; the hollow of the hand. Il a un bon —; he has a fine bass voice. — d’un vaisseau (nav.); depth of a ship’s hold. — d’une voile; cavity of a sail (which retains the wind).

=creu-x=, =-se=, adj., hollow, cavernous; deep; empty, unsubstantial, airy, fantastical, chimerical, extravagant. Des yeux —; eyes sunk in the head. Avoir les joues —ses; to have hollow cheeks. Il a le ventre —; his belly is empty. Un fossé — de trois pieds; a ditch three feet deep. Esprit —; cerveau —; cracked-brain, empty head. Pensées —ses; airy notions. Viande —se; frothy, unsubstantial food. Songer —; to be in a brown study.

=crevaille=, n.f., guzzling, gormandizing, stuffing; tuck out, blow out.

=crevaison=, n.m., puncture (bicycle).

=crevasse=, n.f., crevice, chink, rift, crack; gap, cranny; (vet.) malt-worm, cratches. Des —s aux mains; chaps.

=crevasser=, v.a., to split, to crack; to chap; to make cracks.

se =crevasser=, v.r., to crack, to split, to gape, to become chapped.

=crevé=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., (l.ex.) very fat man; bloated fellow. Petit —; fast young fellow; one used up, done up.

=crevé=, n.m., opening, slash (in sleeves).

=crève-cœur=, n.m., (—) heart-break, heart-breaking thing, heart-sore; heart-rending thing.

=crever=, v.a., to burst, to break, to split, to crack, to rift, to tear, to rend; to stave in; to cram any one with victuals. — une botte; to burst a boot. — les yeux à quelqu’un; to put out any one’s eyes. — un cheval; to kill a horse. Cela vous crève les yeux; that lies under your very nose (i.e., is obvious, self-evident).

=crever=, v.n., to burst; to die, to perish. C’est une médecine à faire — un cheval; this medicine is enough to kill a horse. — de graisse; to be extremely fat. — de chaud; to be dying with heat. — de rire; to split one’s sides with laughing. — de faim; to be dying with hunger. — d’orgueil; to be bursting with pride. — de biens; to wallow in wealth.

se =crever=, v.r., to burst; to kill oneself. Se — de boire et de manger; to cram or stuff till one is ready to burst. Se — de travail; to overwork oneself.

=crevet=, n.m., stay-lace with tags at both ends.

=crevette=, n.f., prawn, shrimp.

=cri=, n.m., cry; scream; screaming; roar, roaring; bawling, howling, yell, yelling, outcry, clamor; whine, whining; squeak, squeaking; opinion. — de joie, — d’allégresse; shout, shouting, hallooing, huzza, acclamation. — aigre, aigu, perçant; scream, shriek, squeak, shrill cry. Les —s des femmes; the squalling of women. — de guerre; watchword. — d’armes; (her.) motto. Jeter un —, faire des —s, pousser un —; to utter a cry, to cry out lustily; to raise an outcry; to complain loudly. Demander à grands —s; to demand with a loud voice. Je poussai un grand —; I shrieked out. Jeter les hauts —s; to cry out. Le — de la nature; the voice of nature. Donner du — à la soie; to sulphur silk. À cor et à —s; with hue and cry. Il n’y a qu’un — sur son compte; there is only one opinion about him.

=criage=, n.m., public crying.

*=criaillement=, n.m., act of wrangling; brawling; (of geese) gabbling.

*=criailler=, v.n., to bawl, to brawl, to cry, to clamor; to scold, to chide; (of geese) to gabble.

*=criaillerie=, n.f., brawling, clamoring, scolding, wrangling.

*=criailleu-r=, n.m., =-se=, n.f., brawler, bawler, wrangler; shrew, scold.

=criant=, =-e=, adj., crying; glaring, shocking, shameful; noisy. Injustice —e; crying, daring injustice.

=criard=, =-e=, adj., crying, bawling, squalling, noisy; brawling, clamorous, scolding; (paint.) discordant; shrill. Dettes —es; dribbling or small debts. Voix —e; shrill voice.

=criard=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., brawler, clamorer; scold, shrew.

=criarde=, n.f., thick gummed cloth; varnished cloth.

=criblage=, n.m., sifting.

=crible=, n.m., sieve; riddle. Percé comme un —; as full of holes as a sieve; riddled.

=cribler=, v.a., to sift, to riddle; to scan, to examine; to pepper (a person). — de coups; to shoot, run, or stab through and through. Criblé de mitraille; riddled with shot. Criblé de dettes; over head and ears in debt.

=cribleu-r=, n.m., =-se=, n.f., sifter.

=cribleu-x=, =-se=, adj., (anat.) pierced like a sieve, sieve-like.

=criblier=, n.m., sieve-maker.

=criblure=, n.f., siftings.

=cribration=, n.f., (chem.) cribration.

=cribriforme=, adj., cribriform.

=cric= (krî), n.m., lifting-jack, screw-jack, hand-screw; little ratchet-wheel on which the braces of carriages are fixed. — à baril; tilting-jack.

=cric-crac= (krik-krak), (onomatopœia) imitation of the creaking noise produced by breaking or tearing.

=cricoïde=, n.m. and adj., (anat.) cricoid.

=cri-cri=, n.m., (—-—s) (pop.) (ent.) cricket; (ornith.) bunting.

=crid= (krid), n.m. V. =criss=.

=criée=, n.f., proclamation of sale; auction. Sa maison est en —; his house is to be sold by auction. Audience des —s; auction mart. À la —; by auction.

=crier=, v.n., to cry, to cry out, to halloo, to shout, to bawl; to scream, to shriek, to screech; to squall, to clamor; to squeak; to call out; to whine, to pule; to complain loudly, to brawl, to exclaim; to scold; to huzza, to talk loudly; to gabble (of geese); to screech (of owls); to troat (of deer); to chirp (of grasshoppers and other insects); to groan (of roe-bucks); to creak (of doors). — aux armes; to cry to arms. — au secours; to call out for help. — au meurtre; to cry out murder. — au voleur; to cry out thief. — au feu; to cry out fire. — à l’injustice; to exclaim against an injustice. — au scandale; to inveigh against a scandal. — gare; to cry out beware! take care. — misère; to plead poverty. — miséricorde; to cry for mercy. — famine; to cry out famine. — à tue-tête, comme un perdu; to cry out; to shriek at the top of one’s voice or as loud as one can. — bien fort; to cry out lustily. Les boyaux lui crient; his bowels rumble. Il crie avant qu’on l’écorche; he cries before he is hurt. Tout le monde crie contre cela; everybody cries out against it.

=crier=, v.a., to proclaim; to cry; to hawk; to put up for sale; to publish, to blazon. Cet enfant est perdu, il faut le faire —; the child is lost, we must have him cried. Faites — ce paquet de livres; put up this lot of books.

=crierie= (kri-rî), n.f., bawling, clamor; wrangling; scolding, brawling.

=crieu-r=, n.m., =-se=, n.f., bawling man or woman, squaller, bawler; crier; auctioneer; hawker. — public; town-crier.

=crime=, n.m., crime; sin, transgression, offense, felony; guilt, guiltiness, wickedness, sinfulness. — d’Etat; treason. — de lèse-majesté; high treason. — capital; capital offense, crime; (jur.) felony. — dénaturé; unnatural crime. — abominable; base, foul crime. — qualifié; indictable offense. Faire un — à quelqu’un de; to impute as a crime to any one. Être porté au —; to be prone to crime. Endurci dans le —; hardened in crime.

=criminaliser=, v.a., to remove a cause from a civil to a criminal court.

=criminaliste=, n.m., writer on criminal law.

=criminalité=, n.f., criminality.

=criminel=, =-le=, adj., criminal, felonious, guilty, unlawful. Juge —; a judge that tries criminal cases. Chambre —le, cour —le; criminal court.

=criminel=, n.m., =-le=, n.f., criminal, culprit, offender, felon. m., criminal affair, proceedings before a criminal court. — d’état; state criminal. Au —; in criminal matters, criminally.

=criminellement= (-nèl-mān), adv., criminally, culpably, guiltily.

=crin=, n.m., hair (of the mane and tail of the horse and other animals); horse-hair; abrupt termination of a metallic vein. Un sommier or matelas de —; horse-hair mattress. Se prendre aux —s; to seize one another by the hair. A tous —s; with flowing mane and tail; (fig.) a zealous, indefatigable worker.

=crinal=, n.m., (surg.) Anel’s probe.

=crincrin=, n.m., (onomatopœia), screeching fiddle; scraper; scraping (of fiddles).

=crinier=, n.m., horse-hair worker, chair stuffer.

=crinière=, n.f., lion’s mane, horse’s mane. Vilaine —; ugly head of hair; shock.

=crinoline=, n.f., crinoline.

=crinon=, n.m., crinodes. (pl.)

=criocère= or =porte-croix=, (—) n.m., (ent.) crioceris.

=crique=, n.f., creek, cove; flaw, crack.

=criquer=, v.n., to crack, to chink (of metals).

=criquet=, n.m., bad horse, tit; little man; (ent.) gryllus, locust.

=crise=, n.f., crisis; fit, convulsion. L’affaire est dans sa —; the matter is come to a crisis. — de nerfs; fit of hysteria.

=crispation=, n.f., crispation, shriveling; thrilling sensation. Donner des —s à quelqu’un; to put any one on thorns.

=crisper=, v.a., to shrivel, to contract, to make shrink; to thrill, to make thrill, to thrill through; to irritate (the nerves); to give any one the fidgets, to fidget.

se =crisper=, v.r., to shrivel, to shrivel up.

=crispin=, n.m., valet (in Molière’s comedies). C’est un —; he looks like a valet. Jouer les —s; (thea.) to perform the parts of valets.

=criss=, n.m., creese, Malay dagger.

=crissement=, n.m., grating of the teeth.

=crisser=, v.n., to grate (of the teeth).

=cristal=, n.m., (cristaux) crystal. pl., crystal ware, cut glass dishes, — de roche; rock crystal. — de mine; quartz. Le — de l’eau; the limpidity of water. Le Palais de —; the Crystal Palace.

=cristallerie= (-tèl-rî), n.f., glass-cutting; crystal manufactory; glass-house, glassworks.

=cristallier=, n.m., glass-cutter.

=cristallière=, n.f., crystal mine.

=cristallin=, =-e=, adj., crystalline; pellucid.

=cristallin=, n.m., (anat.) crystalline lens; (astron.) crystalline heaven.

☉=cristallin=, n.m., colored transparent crystals.

=cristallisable=, adj., crystallizable.

=cristallisant=, =-e=, adj., (chem.) crystallizing.

=cristallisation=, n.f., crystallizing, crystallization.

=cristalliser=, v.a. and n., to crystallize; to be converted into crystal. — la soie; to let the alum settle upon the silk.

se =cristalliser=, v.r., to crystallize; to candy.

=cristallisoir=, n.m., crystallizing-pan, crystallizer.

=cristallographie=, n.f., crystallography.

=cristalloïde=, n.f., crystalloid membranous capsule containing the crystalline lens of the eye.

=cristallotechnie= (-tèk-nî), n.f., art of crystallizing salts.

=crístallotomíe=, n.f., the art of cutting crystals.

=criste-marine=, n.f. V. =passe-pierre=.

=criterium= (-om), n.m., criterion, standard, test; touchstone. L’évidence est le — de la vérité; evidence is the criterion of truth.

=critiquable=, adj., that may be criticised, censurable; exceptionable.

=critique=, n.m., critic; censurer, censorious person, carper. — fâcheux; fault-finder.

=critique=, n.f., criticism, censure; science of criticism, critique; critical taste. La —; the critics. Faire de la —; to write criticisms. Faire la — d’un ouvrage; to criticise, to review, a work.

=critique=, adj., critical; censorious, carping, censuring; alarming; ticklish; momentous. Humeur —; censorious temper. Signes —s; critical symptoms. Pouls —; alarming pulse.

=critiquer=, v.a., to criticise, to examine; to censure, to reflect on, to blame, to find fault with.

=critiqueur=, =-se=, n.m.f., criticiser, fault-finder, carper.

=croassement= (kro-as-mān), n.m., croak, croaking, cawing (of crows).

=croasser=, v.n., to croak, to caw (of crows).

=croate=, n.m.f. and adj., Croatian.

=croc= (krô), n.m., hook; crook, grapnel, drag; fang, tusk; canine tooth; dog-tooth; tooth; (l.u.) curling moustache; (nav.) boat-hook. — de batelier; waterman’s pole. — de candelette; hook of the forecastle. — à trois branches; grapnel with three hooks. — de capon; cat-hook. — de palan; tackle-hook. Mettre, pendre, au —; to put, to lay, on the shelf, to lay by. Mettre les armes au —; to give up the army. Moustaches en —; curling moustache.

=croc= (krock), n.m., crackling, crackling noise. Faire — sous la dent; to crackle under the teeth.

=croc-en-jambe= (kro-kān-), n.m., (—s-—) trip up; Cornish hug; dirty trick. Donner un — à quelqu’un; to trip up anyone’s heels; to supplant anyone, to play anyone a dirty trick.

=croche=, adj., crooked, bent. Avoir la main —; (fig.) to be grasping.

=croche=, n.f., (mus.) quaver. Double —; semiquaver. Triple —; demi-semiquaver. Quadruple —; hemi-demi-semiquaver. Chanter par —; to semiquaver.

=crocher=, v.a., to hook; to crook (card-teeth). — l’organeau d’une ancre; to fish up the anchor by the ring. Se —; to have a set-to; to come to blows.

=crocher=, v.n., (agri.) to produce, to bear. Les arbres crochent bien; the trees are full of bearers.

=croches=, n.f.pl., smith’s tongs.

=crochet=, n.m., hook; steelyard; two-pronged hoe; turn (on a road); (surg.) key, crotchet; (erpetology) fang; (arch.) crocket; (anat.) dog-tooth, canine tooth; (dental surg.) wire; ☉heart-breaker (of curls). pl., fangs, tusks; crotchets; braces. — d’une porte; hasp, clasp. Clou à —; tenter-hook. Des ouvrages au —; crotchet-work. Un — de diamants; a crotchet of diamonds. — de chiffonnier; stick with a hook at the end, used by rag-gatherers. Un — de serrurier; a pick-lock. — d’arbre; bearer. Broder au —; to crochet. — de porte-faix; porter’s knot. Être sur les —s de quelqu’un; to live at another person’s expense. Je suis ici sur mes —s; I live here upon my own hook. — d’armes; (nav.) hooks to support the small arms in a cabin. — de retraite; eye-bolts in the train of a gun-carriage. — de bittes; hooks to fasten the cross-piece to the bits. — d’épontilles; hasps of the stanchions between decks.

=crochetable=, adj., (of locks) pickable.

=crochetage= (krosh-taj), n.m., porterage, lock-picking.

=crocheter= (krosh-té), v.a., to pick a lock, to do crochet-work.

se =crocheter=, v.r., (pop.) to fight (like blackguards).

=crocheteur=, n.m., porter, street-porter. Injures de —; billingsgate abuse. — de serrure; picklock, housebreaker.

=crochetier= (-tié), n.m., hook-maker, clasp-maker; maker of porters’ knots.

=crocheton=, n.m., small hooks; crotchets.

=crocheu=, n.m., a tool to bend card-teeth,.

=crochu=, =-e=, adj., crooked, hooked. Il a les mains —es; he is light-fingered.

=crocodile=, n.m., crocodile. — d’Amérique; American crocodile, alligator. Larmes de —; hypocritical tears.

=crocodiléen=, n.m., crocodilian.

=crocus= (-kus), n.m., crocus, saffron.

=croiler= or =croler=, v.n., (hawking) to scour.

=croire= (croyant, cru), v.a., to believe, to credit, to give credit to; to have faith in, to trust to, to place reliance on; to be advised, persuaded; to think; to deem; to presume, to be of opinion. Je le crois bien; I really believe it. Je n’en crois rien; I don’t believe a word of it. Il le croit bonnement; he fairly believes it. Il ne croit point; he has no belief. — une chose trop légèrement; to believe something too easily. — conseil; to be advised. À l’en croire, tout est perdu; if he is to be believed, all is lost. J’en crois à peine mes yeux; I can hardly believe my eyes. S’il faut en — les apparences; if appearances are to be trusted. Je crois pouvoir le faire; I think I can do it. Croyez-vous qu’il le fasse? do you think he will do it? Je crois qu’il le fera; I think he will do it. Croyez-vous qu’il le fera? do you think he will do it? Je ne le crois pas; I do not think he will. Il est à — qu’il le veut ainsi; it is to be presumed that he will have it so.

=croire=, v.n., to believe, to have faith in, to be a believer; to trust; to credit; to be of opinion; to think; to consider. — en Dieu; to believe in God. — aux revenants; to believe in ghosts. — aux miracles; to believe in miracles. Je crois bien; I should think so! no wonder! Je crois que non; I believe not. C’est à ne pas y —; it is past belief.

se =croire=, v.r., to think or believe one’s self, to consider one’s self; to be believed, to be credible. Cet homme se croit habile; that man thinks himself skillful. Cela peut se —; it is credible. Il s’en croit beaucoup; he thinks a great deal of himself. Il se croit tout permis; he thinks he may do anything.

=croisade=, n.f., crusade; (astron.) Southern Cross, Crosier.

=croisé=, =-e=, part., crossed; cross (of the breeds of animals); twilled, double-milled (of cloth); (min.) promiscuous. Serge —e; kersey. Demeurer, se tenir, les bras —s; to sit with folded arms, to do nothing. Avoir les jambes —es; to sit cross-legged. Feux —s; cross fire. Rimes —s; alternate rhymes.

=croisé=, n.m., Crusader; twill; crossing (a step in dancing). Chassé —; (fig.) change of places.

=croisée=, n.f., window; casement, sash; (arch.) cross-aisle, transept; (print.) cross. — cintrée; arched window. —s d’ogives; pointed arches. — de l’ancre; cross of the anchor.

=croisement= (croaz-mān), n.m., act of crossing; crossing; cross-breeding (of animals).

=croiser=, v.a., to cross, to lay across or cross-wise, to set across, to cross out, to strike out, to efface; to thwart; to cross (breeds of animals). — quelqu’un; to cross one in his designs. Des races croisées; mixed breeds. Je l’ai croisé dans la rue; I passed him in the street.

=croiser=, v.n., to lap over; to cruise. — sur une côte; to cruise along a coast.

se =croiser=, v.r., to cross each other, to be crossed, to lie athwart each other; to intersect each other; to thwart one another; to take up the cross, to engage in the holy war. Ces deux courriers se sont croisés; these two messengers passed each other on the way.

=croisette=, n.f., crosswort; (her.) cresslet; (nav.) pin or bolt used as a fid to a flag-staff. — noire, grosse —; (bot.) cheese-rennet, ladies’ bed-straw.

=croiseur=, n.m., cruiser.

=croisière=, n.f., (nav.) cruise, cruising squadron; cruising latitude; sort of tool to mark sea-biscuit; (railways) intersection of two lines, siding.

*=croisille=, n.f., cross-piece.

*=croisillon=, n.m., cross-bar; sash-bar.

=croissance=, n.f., growth, increase; vegetation. — entière; full growth. Arrêter dans sa —; to stunt the growth of. Avoir pris toute sa —; to be full-grown.

=croissant=, n.m., crescent, the moon in her increase; short bout (of a violin); pruning-hook; hedge-bill, hedging-bill; (ich.) moon-fish; curtain-pin (in the form of a crescent). En —; lunated. Les cornes du —; the horns of the crescent. L’empire du —; the Crescent. — de cheminée; chimney-hook. — de pic or de gui; (nav.) throat or jaw of the gaff.

=croissant=, =-e=, adj., growing, increasing.

=croisure=, n.f., the length of the yards (of a ship); coat-staves; crossing, mill (in stuffs); (poet.) intermixture, mingling.

=croît=, n.m., increase (from breeding); growth.

=croître= (croissant, crû), v.n., to grow, to wax, to grow up, to grow tall, to spring up; to augment, to increase; to lengthen; to swell or swell out, to be swollen; to multiply, to be multiplied or increased; to be grown; to sprout, to shoot. — trop rapidement; to outgrow, to overgrow. Les jours commencent à —; the days begin to lengthen, to draw out. Elle ne fait que — et embellir; she grows handsomer every day.

=croix=, n.f., cross mark; rood; affliction, trouble, tribulation; star; (coin.) cross; (print.) dagger; (her.) cross. Sainte —; holy rood. Les bras d’une —; the bars of a cross. Mettre quelque chose en —; to put a thing cross-wise. Avoir les jambes en —; to sit cross-legged. Faire le signe de la —; to cross one’s self. On est allé au-devant de lui avec la — et la bannière; they went to meet him with cross and banner, with great ceremony. Il faut faire une — à la cheminée; we must make a cross on the chimney, we must score that up. Jouer à — et à pile; to play at head and tail, at pitch and toss. — de par Dieu, de Jésus; cross-row, criss-cross-row, primer, horn-book, alphabet. — de Saint André or de Bourgogne; St. Andrew’s-cross, saltier (her.). — de Saint Antoine; St. Anthony’s-cross. — de Lorraine; cross with two bars. Grand-—; knight grand-cross. Croix de chevalier; (bot.) caltrops, tribulus. — de Jérusalem; (bot.) lychnis Chalcedonica. — sur les câbles; (nav.) cross in the hawse. Mettre les vergues en —; to square the yards. — du Sud, — australe (astron.); Southern Cross, Crosier.

=cromlech=, n.m., (—s) cromlech.

=cromorne=, n.f., (mus.) krumhorn, cremona.

=crône=, n.m., (nav.) wheel-crane (on a wharf).

=croquade=, n.f., (paint.) rough sketch.

=croquant=, n.m., poor wretch, fellow; countryman; gristle. pl., name given to French peasants who rebelled under Henri IV and Louis XIII.

=croquant=, =-e=, adj., crisp, crackling, short, craunching. Biscuit —; hard biscuit. Caractère —; crispness.

=croquante=, n.f., crisp-tart; almond-cake. à la =croque-au-sel=, adv., with salt only; (fig.) as easily as possible.

=croque-abeilles=, n.m., titmouse.

=croque en bouche=, n.m., crisp sweetmeat; crisp cake.

☉=croque-lardon=, n.m.f., (—-—s) lick-spittle; (l.ex.) lick-dish, spunger; dinner-hunter.

=croque-mitaine=, n.m., (—-—s) old bogey, black bogey, bugbear.

=croque-mort=, n.m., (—-—s) undertaker’s man.

=croque-note=, n.m., (—-—s) sorry musician, scraper, strummer, crochet-monger.

=croquer=, v.n., to crackle between the teeth, to craunch, to scrunch. Être gentil à —; to be as pretty as you like.

=croquer=, v.a., to craunch; to devour, to eat hastily; to make the first sketch or rough draught of a drawing or picture, to sketch; to filch, to pilfer; (nav.) to hook or grapple anything. Il n’a fait que — ce poème; he has only written a sketch of the poem. — le marmot; to dance attendance.

=croque-sol=, n.m., (—-—s). V. =croque-note=.

=croquet=, n.m., crisp biscuit.

=croquette=, n.f., (cook.) croquette.

=croqueur=, n.m., devourer, gormandizer, glutton; (l.ex.) greedy-gut, greedy-guts.

*=croquignole=, n.f., fillip; cracknel.

*=croquignoler=, v.a., to fillip.

=croquis=, n.m., (paint.) rough draft, outline, sketch. Cahier de —; sketch-book. Faire le — d’une figure; to sketch a figure.

=crosse=, n.f., (of bishops) crosier; (of muskets) but-end; bat (to play with); cricket (game). Jouer à la —; to play at cricket.

=crossé=, =-e=, adj., crosiered. Un abbé — et mitré; a crosiered and mitred abbot.

=crosser=, v.a., to beat; to scold, to treat any one with contempt; to strike a ball with a bat.

=crosser=, v.n., to play at cricket; to bat.

=crossette=, n.f., (agri.) layer; (arch.) return, ear, elbow, ancone.

=crosseur=, n.m., cricket-player, cricketer, hockey-player.

*=crossillon=, n.m., the curled end of the crosier.

=crotale=, n.m., (antiq.) crotalum; (zoöl.) rattle-snake.

=crotaphite=, adj., n.m., (anat.) crotaphite.

=crotte=, n.f., dirt, mud, mire; dung. Il fait bien de la —; it is very dirty. Être dans la —; to be in a state of squalid misery. —s de brebis; treadles of sheep. —s de lapins; crotels of a rabbit. — de renard; scumber.

=crotté=, =-e=, part., dirty, muddy, squalid; wretched, sorry. — comme un barbet; as dirty as a pig. Un poète —; a paltry poet. Il fait bien — dans les rues; the streets are very dirty. — jusqu’à l’échine; with mud up to the eyes; draggle-tailed.

=crotter=, v.a., to dirt, to dirty, to bemire; to daggle, to draggle, to bedraggle; to splash, to spatter, to bespatter. Se —; to dirty one’s self; to get dirty; to draggle.

=crottin=, n.m., dung (of horses, sheep, etc.).

=crou=, n.m., (geol.) sandy, clayey soil.

=crouchaut=, n.m., crotch, floor-timbers of a boat or ship.

=croulant=, =-e=, adj., sinking, crumbling, ready to fall, tottering; tumbledown.

=croulement= (krool-mān), n.m., sinking, falling in or down (of a building); ruin.

=crouler=, v.n., to sink, to give way, to fall, to fall in, to crumble, to ruin; to go to ruin.

=crouler=, v.a., (nav.) to launch; (hunt.) to wag (said of stags when they are frightened). Le cerf croule la queue; the stag wags his tail.

☉se =crouler=, v.r., to fail in an enterprise; (fig.) to sink.

=crouli-er=, =-ère=, adj., quaggy, boggy, swampy, moving, shifting (of land).

=croup= (kroop), n.m., (med.) croup.

=croupade=, n.f., (man.) croupade.

=croupal=, =-e=, adj., pertaining to the croup; croupal.

=croupe=, n.f., croup, crupper, the buttocks (of a horse), rump; top or brow of a hill; (arch.) hip-roof; body (of an edifice). Cheval à — de mulet; narrow-rumped horse. Être, aller, monter, en —; to ride behind another. — d’église; half-cylinder roof. En —; behind.

=croupé=, =-e=, adj., with a rump, crupper. Cheval bien —; horse with a fine crupper.

☉à =croupeton=, adv., squatting.

=croupi=, =-e=, adj., stagnant, putrid, ditch (water). De l’eau —e; stagnant water, ditch-water.

=croupiader=, v.n., to cast anchor by the stern-cable.

=croupier=, n.m., croupier (at a gaming-table); partner (of a gambler).

=croupière=, n.f., saddle-tie, crupper; (nav.) stern-cable, stern-fast. Tailler des —s à quelqu’un; to cut out work for anyone; (milit.) to put to flight. Mouiller en —; to cast anchor by the stern.

=croupion=, n.m., rump. Parlement —; the Rump Parliament.

=croupir=, v.n., to stagnate; to lie, to wallow, to be sunk in. — dans le vice; to wallow in sin. — dans l’oisiveté; in idleness.

=croupissant=, =-e=, adj., standing, stagnating, putrescent.

=croupissement=, n.m., standing still, stagnation, putrefaction.

=croupon=, n.m., square hide, butt.

=croustade=, n.f., dish prepared with crusts.

=croustillant=, =-e=, adj., crisp, crusty.

*=croustille=, n.f., little crust, crust.

*=croustiller=, v.n., to bite, eat, or gnaw a crust, to munch.

*=croustilleusement=, adv., (fam., l.u.) comically, with mirth, pleasantly; smuttily.

*=croustilleu-x=, =-se=, adj., (fam., l.u.) droll, funny; smutty. Des contes —x; smutty tales.

=croûte=, n.f., crust; cake; coarse painting, daub; (med.) scab, scurf. La — de dessous; the under-crust. Casser une — avec quelqu’un; to take a crust with any one. Ne manger que des —s; to fare badly.

=croûté=, =-e=, adj., crusted, caked, crusty.

=croûtelette= (kroo-tlèt), n.f., little crust.

se =croûter=, v.r., to cake, to crust.

=croûtier= (-tīé), n.m., picture-broker, dealer in daubs or coarse paintings; dauber.

=croûton=, n.m., small crust; wretched dauber; (cook.) sippet.

=croyable=, adj., credible, believable, to be believed or credited; like, likely; reliable. Cela n’est pas —; that is not likely.

=croyance=, n.f., belief, creed, faith, persuasion; opinion; trust, credit. Fausse —; misbelief. La — des chrétiens; the belief of the Christians. La — des juifs; the Jewish creed. Cela passe toute —; that surpasses all belief.

=croyant=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., believer. Les vrais —s; true believers.

=cru=, n.m., growth; invention; making, fabrication. Boire du vin de son —; to drink wine of one’s own growth. Vin du —; wine of the country. Des fruits d’un bon —; fruit of a good soil. Cela n’est pas de son —; that thing is not of his own invention.

=cru=, =-e=, adj., raw, crude, uncooked; indigestible; unwrought, hard, blunt, harsh, coarse, rough; indecent, smutty, obscene, bawdy; undigested, unconcocted; stiff. Tout —; quite raw. Cuir —; undressed leather. Soie —e; raw silk. Métal —; raw metal, ore. Eau —e; hard water. Couleur —e; stiff color. Une lumière —e; a hard light.

à =cru=, adv., on the bare skin, next the skin. Botté or chaussé à —; wearing boots without stockings. Monter à cheval à —; to ride a horse bare-backed.

=cruauté=, n.f., cruelty, hardship. User de —; to be guilty of cruelty.

=cruche=, n.f., pitcher, jar, jug; stupid person, blockhead, booby, lout, dolt. Tant va la — à l’eau qu’à la fin elle se casse; the pitcher goes to the well once too often.

=cruchée=, n.f., pitcherful, jugful, jarful.

=crucherie=, n.f., (fam.) stupidity, silliness. Vous ne dites que des —s; you only talk utter nonsense.

=cruchette=, n.f. V. =cruchon=.

=cruchon=, n.m., little pitcher.

=crucial=, =-e=, adj., crucial, cross-like.

=crucifère=, n.f. and adj., (bot.) cruciferous plant; cruciferous. pl., cruciferæ.

=crucifiement= or =crucifîment= (-mān), n.m., crucifixion.

=crucifier=, v.a., to crucify.

=crucifix= (-fi), n.m., crucifix, cross. Mangeur de —; great bigot. Galerie du —; rood-loft. Faire le demi —; (pop.) to beg.

=crucifixion=, n.f., crucifixion.

=cruciforme=, adj., cross-shaped, cross-like, cruciform.

=crudité=, n.f., crudity, crudeness, rawness; coarse expression; offensive, harsh words; (paint.) stiffness, crudeness; (of water) hardness.

=crue=, n.f., rise, swelling; growth, growing; increase, flood, inundation. La — des eaux; the swelling of the waters. — de mer; surge of the sea. Cet arbre a pris toute sa —; that tree has attained its full growth.

=cruel=, =-le=, adj., cruel, merciless, pitiless, ruthless, hard-hearted; relentless, remorseless; sanguinary, murderous, bloodthirsty; hard, inflexible, flinty; grievous, sad, tormenting. Il fait le —; he acts a cruel part. Elle n’est pas —le; she is not hard-hearted.

=cruel=, n.m., =-le=, n.f., cruel one.

=cruellement= (-èl-mān), adv., cruelly, barbarously; unmercifully, mercilessly, pitilessly, ruthlessly, grievously, severely, sorely.

☉=cruentation=, n.f., (med.) cruentation.

=crûment=, adv., bluntly, coarsely, roughly, inconsiderately, crudely.

=cruor=, n.m., (physiology) cruor.

=crural=, =-e=, adj., (anat.) crural.

=crustacé=, =-e=, adj., crustaceous.

=crustacé=, n.m., crustacean.

=cruzade=, n.f., cruzado, cruzade (Portuguese coin).

=crypte=, n.f., crypt. n.m., (bot., anat.) crypt.

=cryptogame=, n.f., (bot.) aphrodite, cryptogam.

=cryptogame=, adj., (bot.) cryptogamous.

=cryptogamie=, n.f., (bot.) cryptogamia.

=cryptographie=, n.f., cryptography.

=cryptographique=, adj., cryptographical.

=crypto-portique=, n.m., (—-—s) (arch.) cryptoporticus.

=crystal=. V. =cristal=.

=c-sol-ut=, n.m., (mus.) C. Cet air est en —; this tune is in C.

=ct= (ab. of =courant=), inst. (instant).

=cᵗᵉ= (ab. of =comte=), earl.

=cᵗᵉˢˢᵉ= (ab. of =comtesse=), countess.

=cu=, n.m., (very l.ex.) V. =cul=.

=cubage=, n.m., or =cubature=, n.f., cubature.

=cubation=, n.f., cubature.

=cube=, n.m., (geom., arith.) cube. Le — de deux est huit; the cube of 2 is 8.

=cube=, adj., (arith., geom.) cubic.

=cubèbe=, n.m., cubeba.

=cuber=, v.a., (geom., arith.) to cube.

=cubilot=, n.m., (metal.) cupola.

=cubique=, adj., (arith., geom.) cubic, cubical. Racine —; cube root.

=cubital=, =-e=, adj., (anat.) cubital, ulnar.

=cubitus= (-tus), n.m., (anat.) cubitus.

=cuboïde=, n.m., (anat.) cuboid.

=cucubale=, n.m., (bot.) cucubalus, berry-bearing campion.

=cucuje=, n.m., (zoöl.) corn-beetle, luminous-beetle.

=cucurbitacé=, =-e=, adj., cucurbitaceous.

=cucurbitacée=, n.f., (bot.) cucurbitaceous plant. pl., cucurbitaceæ.

=cucurbite=, n.f., (chem.) cucurbit.

=cueillage= (keu-iaj), n.m., act of gathering, picking.

*=cueille= (keu), n.f., (agri.) gathering of fruit; (nav.) width of sail-cloth.

*=cueillette= (keu-iet), n.f., gathering; crop; nutting (fruit); (nav.) mixed cargo; collection of money for the poor.

*=cueilleu-r= (keu-ieur), n.m., =-se=, n.f., gatherer.

*=cueillir= (keu-), (cueillant, cueilli, je cueille), v.a., to cull, to pick, to pluck; to gather; to take up; (nav.) to coil. — des fleurs; to pluck flowers. — des lauriers; to gather laurels.

*=cueilloir= (keu-), n.m., fruit-basket.

=cuider=, n.m., fruit-basket.

=cuiller= or =cuillère= (ku-lièr), n.f., spoon. — à soupe; soup-ladle. — à café; tea-spoon. — à bouche; table-spoon. — à dessert; dessert-spoon. — à ragoût; gravy-ladle. Elever à la —; to bring up by hand.

*=cuillerée= (ku-), n.f., spoonful, ladleful. Grande — or — à bouche; tablespoonful. Petite — or — à café; teaspoonful.

*=cuilleriste=, n.m., spoon maker.

*=cuilleron=, n.m., bowl of a spoon.

=cuir=, n.m., hide, skin, leather; strop; slip of the tongue, i.e., pronouncing s for t, and vice versa, at the end of words, or using these letters unnecessarily; as: Il est sorti zhier, j’étaità la campagne, for Il est sorti hier, j’étais à la campagne. —s bruts; raw hides. —s apprêtés; dressed hides. — à rasoir or à repasser; razor-strop. Faire du — d’autrui large courroie; to make free with other people’s money. Tanner le — à quelqu’un; to give any one a hiding. Pester entre — et chair; to fume inwardly. Faire des —s en parlant; to pronounce final s instead of final t, and vice versa; or to sound s or t when there is none at the end of words, i.e.: to drop one’s h’s. — de Russie; Russian leather.

=cuirasse=, n.f., cuirass, breast-plate, armor-plate, shell. — à l’épreuve du mousquet; ball-proof cuirass. Le défaut de la —; the extremity of or break in the armor, vulnerable part. On lui a trouvé le défaut de la —; we have found his weak side. Endosser la —; to turn soldier.

=cuirassé=, =-e=, adj., armed with a cuirass, armor-plated, iron-cased; ready armed; hardened; secret, close. Il est —; he is prepared for anything, he is incapable of feeling remorse. Vaisseau —; iron-clad ship, iron-clad.

=cuirassement=, n.m., armor-plating.

=cuirasser=, v.a., to arm with a cuirass; to iron-plate (nav.); to steel, to harden, to season.

se =cuirasser=, v.r., to put on a cuirass; to harden or fortify one’s self.

=cuirassier=, n.m., cuirassier.

=cuire= (cuisant, cuit), v.a., to cook, to do; to boil; to bake; to roast; to broil, to grill; to dress, to prepare; to stew; to burn (of the sun); to ripen; (physiology) to concoct, to digest. — la viande; to do the meat. — trop; to overdo. — des briques; to burn bricks. — à l’eau; to boil. Faire — des œufs; to boil eggs.

=cuire=, v.n., to be cooked, to be done; to be burned; to bake; to broil; to boil; to smart, to burn. La main me cuit; my hand smarts. Vous viendrez — à mon four; you will want me some day, and then I shall be even with you. Il vous en cuira; you shall smart for it.

=cuirer=, v.a., to cover in leather.

=cuisage=, n.m., burning; charring.

=cuisant=, =-e=, adj., easy to cook; sharp, smarting; piercing, exquisite; severe; poignant. Douleur —e; violent pain.

=cuisier=, n.m., brick-burner.

=cuisine=, n.f., kitchen; cookery; the cooks; spice-box; fare, living; (nav.) cuddy, caboose, galley. — bourgeoise; plain living; homely fare. Graisses de —; kitchen stuff. Être chargé de —; to be monstrously fat. Faire la —; to cook, to dress victuals. Chef de —; master-cook. Aide de —; under-cook. Fille de —; kitchen-maid.

=cuisiner=, v.n., to cook, to dress victuals.

=cuisinier=, n.m., cook, man-cook.

=cuisinière=, n.f., cook, woman-cook; Dutch oven, meat-screen.

=cuissard=, n.m., cuish (armor); (surg.) thigh-piece.

=cuisse=, n.f., thigh; (of meat) rump; leg (of poultry).

=cuisse-madame=, n.f., (—-—s) sort of pear.

=cuisson=, n.f., dressing (of victuals); cooking (baking, boiling, roasting, &c.); smart (pain). Ressentir une —; to feel a smarting pain.

=cuissot=, n.m., haunch (of venison).

=cuistre=, n.m., college-fag; college-scout; vulgar, pedantic fellow.

=cuit=, =-e=, part., cooked, done, roasted, boiled, baked; (fig.) done for, dished. Cela est trop —; that is done too much, overdone (of meat). — au four; baked. — à point; done to a turn.

=cuite=, n.f., baking; burning (of bricks, etc.); (manu.) boiling.

=cuivre=, n.m., copper, brass. — jaune; brass. — rouge; copper. — vierge; native copper. — battu; wrought copper. — fondu; cast copper. — en barres; bar copper. — en planches; sheet copper. Fonte de —; pig copper. —s; brass instruments.

=cuivré=, =-e=, adj., copper-colored; (fig.) ringing, clear, sonorous.

=cuivrer=, v.a., to cover with sheet copper, to copper.

=cuivrerie=, n.f., copper wares, brass-wares.

=cuivreu-x=, =-se=, adj., coppery.

=cul= (ku), n.m., (very l.ex.) breech; backside; posterior; rump; bottom; tail (of carts); top; cylinder head (mech.). — par-dessus tête; head over heels. Donner du pied au — à quelqu’un; to kick any one. Être à —; not to know what to do. Faire le — de poule; to pout. — de basse-fosse; dungeon. —-de-jatte, (—s-—) cripple (seated on a wooden bowl). —-de-lampe, (—s-—) (arch.) bracket, pendant; (print.) tail-piece. — de porc, (nav.) wall-knot. —-de-sac, (—s-—) blind alley. —-de-four, (—s-—) (arch.) demi-cupola. —-blanc, (—s-—s) (orni.) wheat-ear, white-tail, fallow-chat, fallow-finch; snipe.

=culasse=, n.f., breech (of a cannon, musket, etc.); pavilion (of diamonds).

=culbutant=, n.m., (orni.) tumbler.

=culbute=, n.f., somersault; ruin, failure, bankruptcy; fall, tumble, somersault. Faire la —; to turn a somersault. Au bout du fossé la —; look before you leap.

=culbuter=, v.a., to throw down, to throw down headlong; to overthrow, to ruin, to upset; to make any one, anything, tumble down; to do for. Cette entreprise l’a culbuté; this enterprise has ruined him.

=culbuter=, v.n., to fall head over heels.

=culbutis=, n.m., confused heap; jumble.

=culée=, n.f., abutment (of bridges); tail (of a hide); (nav.) stern-way.

=culer=, v.n., to fall astern, to make stern-way; to veer (of the wind). Scier à —; to back water.

=culeron=, n.m., (saddlery) crupper-loop.

=culière=, n.f., gutter-stone, kennel-stone, breech of harness, hind girth.

=culinaire=, adj., culinary.

=culmifère=, adj., (bot.) culmiferous.

=culminant=, adj., culminating; prominent. Point —; culminating point, top, summit.

=culmination=, n.f., culmination.

=culminer=, v.n., (astron.) to culminate.

=culot=, n.m., youngest bird (of a brood); youngest (of a family), last born; youngest member of a society; bottom (of lamps, crucibles, etc.); residuum. Le — d’une pipe; black at the bottom of a pipe-plug.

=culotte=, n.f., small clothes, breeches; rump (of an ox, a pigeon). — de bœuf; rump of beef. — de peau; leather breeches; (fig.) old retired officer.

=culotter=, v.a., to breech, to put in breeches; to color (pipe).

se =culotter=, v.r., to put on one’s breeches; to get colored (pipe).

=culottier=, n.m., breeches-maker.

☉=culottin=, n.m., newly-breeched boy; tight breeches.

=culpabilité=, n.f., guilt; culpability.

=culte=, n.m., creed; religion; worship; adoration; veneration, honor, love, respect, cultivation. Rendre un — à; to worship.

=cultivable=, adj., cultivable, arable.

=cultivat-eur=, n.m., =-rice=, n.f., husbandman, farmer, grower, agriculturist.

=cultivat-eur=, =-rice=, adj., agricultural.

=cultivation=, n.f., cultivation.

=cultiver=, v.a., to cultivate; to till; to improve; to inform; to exercise, to practice; to cultivate the acquaintance of.

=culture=, n.f., culture; cultivation; tillage, husbandry; growth; education, improvement. Être sans —; to be or lie fallow. La petite —; farming on a small scale; raising of poultry, etc.

=cumin=, n.m., (bot.) cumin. — des prés; caraway seed.

=cumul=, n.m., accumulation, junction; plurality of offices or places, pluralism.

=cumulard=, n.m., (fam. b.s.) pluralist, place-man.

=cumulati-f=, =-ve=, adj., accumulative.

=cumulativement= (-tiv-mān), adv., by accumulation.

=cumuler=, v.a., to accumulate, to cumulate.

=cumuler=, v.n., to be a pluralist of offices, to hold several offices.

se =cumuler=, v.r., to be held at the same time.

=cunéaire=, adj., cuneate, cuneated.

=cunéiforme=, adj., cuneiform.

=cunette=, n.f., (fort.) cunette.

=cupide=, adj., covetous, greedy, grasping.

=cupidité=, n.f., cupidity; covetousness; concupiscence, lust.

=cupidon=, n.m., (myth.) Cupid, Love. Vieux —; old beau.

=cupulaire=, adj., cup-shaped.

=cupule=, n.f., (bot.) cupule; cup (of acorns).

=curabilité=, n.f., curableness.

=curable=, adj., that may be healed, curable.

=curaçao= (ku-ra-so), n.m., Curaçoa.

=curage=, n.m., cleansing, cleaning (of harbors, sewers, &c.); (bot.) water-pepper.

=curare=, n.m., curare, arrow-poison.

=curatelle=, n.f., guardianship, trusteeship.

=curat-eur=, n.m., =-rice=, n.f., curator, curatrix, trustee; committee.

=curati-f=, =-ve=, adj., curative.

=curatif=, n.m., curative agent.

=curation=, n.f., (med.) treatment.

=curcuma=, n.m., (bot.) curcuma, turmeric.

=cure=, n.f., cure, healing; living, benefice, parsonage, rectory; ☉care. N’en avoir —; to pay no heed to.

=curé=, n.m., rector, vicar. C’est Gros Jean qui en remontre à son —; the clerk wants to teach the parson. Monsieur le —; your reverence.

=cure-dents=, n.m., (—-—) tooth-pick.

=curée=, n.f., (hunt.) quarry; (fig.) prey, booty; feast; scramble. Mettre en —; to flesh the dogs, to feed them. Les chiens sont en —; the dogs are being fed.

=cure-langue=, n.m., (—-—s) tongue-scrape.

=curement=, n.m., cleansing, cleaning (of harbors, sewers).

=cure-môle=, n.m., (—-—s) dredging-machine.

=cure-oreilles=, n.m., (—-—) ear-pick.

=cure-pieds=, n.m., (—-—) horse-picker; hoof-pick.

=curer=, v.a., to cleanse, to clean out (harbors, sewers); to pick (the teeth, the ears). Se — les dents; to pick one’s teeth.

=curette=, n.f., scraper, scoop.

=cureur=, n.m., cleanser (of harbors, sewers).

=curial=, =-e=, adj., vicarial, rectorial. Maison —e; parsonage-house.

=curiale=, n.m., (antiq.) member of the curia.

=curie=, n.f., ward; (antiq.) curia.

=curieusement= (-eûz-mān), adv., curiously, inquisitively; carefully; minutely.

=curieu-x=, =-se=, adj., curious; inquisitive; prying; fond of; careful; nice; particular; rare, singular. Il est — de tableaux; he is fond of pictures.

=curieu-x=, n.m., =-se=, n.f., inquisitive person, spectator, looker-on; virtuoso; curious fact. Le — de la chose est; the curious part of the thing is.

=curion=, n.m., (antiq.) curio.

=curiosité=, n.f., curiosity; inquisitiveness; rarity; care; taste for. Par —; out of curiosity.

=curoir=, n.m., plow-scraper.

=curseur=, n.m., (math.) cursor, slider, slide, index.

=cursi-f=, =-ve=, adj., cursive; running; cursory.

=cursivement=, adv., cursorily.

=curule=, adj., curule. Chaise —; curule chair.

=curure=, n.f., dirt, sewage.

=curvati-f=, =-ve=, adj. (bot.) slightly curved.

*=curviligne=, adj., curvilineal.

=curvirostre=, adj., (orni.) curvirostral, hook-billed.

=cuscute=, n.f., (bot.) dodder.

=cuspide=, n.f., cuspis, cusp.

=cuspidé=, =-e=, adj., (bot.) cuspidate.

=cussoné=, =-e=, adj., (tech.) worm-eaten, weeviled.

=custode=, n.f., pyx-cover; curtain of the high altar; holster-cap; ☉curtain. Sous la —; in private.

=custode=, n.m., warden, keeper, curator.

=cutané=, =-e=, adj., cutaneous.

=cuticule=, n.f., (anat., bot.) cuticle.

=cutter= (-tèr), n.m., (—s) (nav.) cutter.

=cuvage=, n.m., (tech.) fermenting (of wine); place where wine is fermented.

=cuve=, n.f., tub, vat, copper. — de brasseur; brewing-vat. — matière; mash-tub. Fossé a fond de cuve; (fort.) flat-bottomed ditch. À fond de —; (fig.) thoroughly, exhaustively. — de bain; bathing-tub.

=cuveau=, n.m., small vat, small tub; (min.) corf, cage, kiddle-outright.

=cuvée=, n.f., tubful; vatful; (fam.) sort, kind, quality. En voici d’une autre —; here’s one of another sort for you.

=cuvelage= (kuv-laj), n.m., lining, casing; tubbing (mines).

=cuveler= (kuv-lé), v.a., to tub (mines); to line, to case.

=cuver=, v.n., to work, to ferment, to settle.

=cuver=, v.a., to appease; to calm; to sleep off the effects of wine. — son vin; to sleep one’s self sober.

=cuvette=, n.f., wash-hand basin; basin, cistern (of barometers, steam-engines); (fort.) cuvette. Montre à —; capped watch.

=cuvier=, n.m., wash-tub.

=cyame=, n.m., (e.) whale-louse.

=cyanate=, n.m., (chem.) cyanate.

=cyanhydrique=, adj., (chem.) hydrocyanic, prussic.

=cyanogène=, n.m., (chem.) cyanogen.

=cyanomètre=, n.m., (phys.) cyanometer.

=cyanure=, n.m., (chem.) cyanide.

=cyathe=, n.m., (antiq.) cyathus.

=cyclamen= (-me-n), n.m., (bot.) cyclamen, sow-bread.

=cycle=, n.m., cycle; (liter.) period.

=cyclique=, adj., cyclical.

=cycloïdal=, =-e=, adj., cycloidal.

=cycloïde=, n.f., (geom.) cycloid.

=cyclométrie=, n.f., cyclometry.

=cyclone=, n.m., tornado.

=cyclope=, n.m., Cyclops.

=cyclopéen=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), adj., cyclopean.

*=cygne=, n.m., swan. Jeune —; cygnet. (fig.) Le — Thébain; Pindar. Le — de Mantoue; Virgil. Le — de Cambrai; Fénelon.

=cylindracé=, =-e=, adj., (bot.) cylindraceous.

=cylindrage=, n.m., mangling (of linen).

=cylindre=, n.m., cylinder; roller; garden-roller; mangle, calender; barrel; rundle. Passer au —; to pass through the mangle.

=cylindrer=, v.a., to calender; to roll. — les allées d’un jardin; to roll the paths of a garden.

=cylindrique=, adj., cylindric.

=cylindroïde=, n.m., cylindroid.

=cymaise=, n.f. V. =cimaise=.

=cymbalaire=, n.f., ivy-leaved toad-flax.

=cymbale=, n.f., cymbal.

=cymbalier=, n.m., cymbal-player.

=cymbiforme=, adj., (bot.) cymbiform.

=cyme=, n.m., (bot.) cyme. V. =cime=.

=cymrique=, n.m. and adj., Kymric.

=cynanche= or =cynancie=, n.f., (med.) cynanche.

=cynanque=, n.m., (bot.) dog’s-bane.

=cynégétique=, n.f., cynegetics. adj., relating to hunting and dogs.

=cynips=, n.m., (ent.) cynips.

=cynique=, adj., cynical, snarling, snappish; impudent, barefaced, indecent.

=cynique=, n.m., cynic.

=cynisme=, n.m., cynicism.

=cynocéphale=, n.m., (zoöl.) cynocephalus.

=cynoglosse=, n.f., (bot.) cynoglossum, hound’s-tongue.

=cynorrhodon=, n.m., (bot.) hip.

=cynosure=, n.f., (bot.) cynosurus; (astron.) Cynosure, Little Bear.

=cyprès=, n.m., cypress, cypress-tree; cypress-wood.

=cyprière=, n.f., cypress-grove.

=cypripède=, n.m., (bot.) lady’s-slipper.

=cyrénaïque=, adj., cyrenaic. n.m., cyrenaic philosopher.

=cyrillien= or =cyrillique=, adj. Alphabet —; the Slavonic alphabet invented in the 9th century by St. Cyrillus.

=cystique=, adj., (anat.) cystic.

=cystite=, n.f., (med.) cystitis.

=cystocèle=, n.f., (med.) cystocele.

=cystotome=, n.m., (surg.) an instrument to cut into the bladder.

=cystotomie=, n.f., cystotomy.

=cytarexylon=, n.m., (bot.) fiddle-wood.

=cytise=, n.m., (bot.) cytisus, bean-trefoil.

=cyzicène=, n.m., (Grec. antiq.) guest-chamber.

=czar= (gzar), n.m., czar.

=czarien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), adj., of the czar.

=czarine=, n.f., czarina.

=czarowitz=, n.m., czarowitz.

D

=d=, n.m., the fourth letter of the alphabet, d.

=d’=, ab. of =de=.

=dà=, particle, truly, indeed. Oui-dà; yes, forsooth. Nenni-dà, non-dà; no, indeed; no, forsooth.

=da-capo=, adv., (mus.) da capo.

=dactyle=, n.m., (poet.) dactyl; (bot.) orchard-grass.

=dactylographe=, n.m., type-writer, typist.

=dactylographie=, n.f., dactylography, type-writing.

=dactylique=, adj., dactylic.

=dactylologie=, n.f., dactylology.

=dactyloptère=, adj., (ich.) finger-finned.

=dactyloptère=, n.m., dactylopterus, flying-fish.

=dada=, n.m., horse, cock-horse; hobby, hobby-horse. Aller à —; to ride a cock-horse. Être sur son —; to indulge in one’s hobby.

=dadais=, n.m., booby, clown, ninny.

☉=dagorne=, n.f., one-horned cow; hag.

=dague= (dag), n.f., dagger, dirk. pl., tusks (of a wild boar); first horns (of a two-year old deer).

=daguer= (da-ghé), v.a., to stab; (hunt.) to rut.

=daguerréotype= (da-ghér-), n.m., daguerreotype.

=daguet= (da-ghé), n.m., (hunt.) brocket, pricket.

=dahlia=, n.m., dahlia.

*=daigner=, v.n., to deign, to be graciously pleased, to condescend, to vouchsafe.

*=d’ailleurs=. V. =ailleurs=.

=daim= (din), n.m., deer, fallow-deer; buck.

=daine= (dèn or di-n), n.f., doe.

=daintiers= (-tié), n.m.pl., (hunt.) dowcets.

=dais=, n.m., canopy; dais, platform.

=dalème=, n.f., self-consuming stove.

=dallage=, n.m., paving with flag-stones, flagging.

=dalle=, n.f., slab; flag, flag-stone; sink-stone; slice (of fish).

=daller=, v.a., to pave with flag-stones, to flag.

=dalmatique=, n.f., dalmatic, tunic.

=dalot=, n.m., (nav.) scupper-hole, scupper.

=daltonisme=, n.m., (med.) color-blindness.

☉=dam=, n.m., hurt, injury. À son, votre, leur —; to his, your, their injury.

=damage=, n.m., puddling, ramming.

=damas=, n.m., damask; (bot.) damson; Damascus blade.

=damasquiner=, v.a., to damaskene, to emboss; to frost (cutlery).

=damasquinerie= (-ki-n-rî), n.f., damaskening.

=damasquineur=, n.m., damaskener, one who damaskenes.

=damasquinure=, n.f., damaskened work; embossing.

=damassé=, n.m., damask linen, damask cloth.

=damasser=, v.a., to damask.

=damasserie= (da-mas-rî), n.f., damask linen manufactory.

=damasseur=, n.m., damask weaver.

=damassin=, n.m., figured linen cloth, diaper.

=damassure=, n.f., damasking (of linen).

=dame=, n.f., lady; married lady; nun; dame; man, draught (backgammon); (draughts) draught, man, king, queen; queen (cards, chess); dam, rammer; (nav.) rowlock. —s de France; princesses of the royal family of France. — d’honneur; maid of honor, bridesmaid. Elle fait la —; she sets up for a lady. Notre-—; Our Lady. Ma chère —; my dear madam. Jouer aux —s; to play at draughts. Aller à —; (at draughts) to make a king. Aller à —; (at chess) to make a queen; —s seules; ladies’ compartment.

=dame=, int., by our lady! well! forsooth! well, you see! —! c’est juste; well, you see! it is right.

=dame-jeanne=, n.f., (—s-—s) demijohn, car-boy.

=damer=, v.a., to crown (a man at draughts); to queen; (arch.) to allow half a foot for sloping; to ram. — le pion à quelqu’un; to outdo, outwit any one; to be more than a match for.

=dameret=, adj.m., (l.u.) foppish.

=dameret=, n.m., lady’s man, spark, beau.

=damier=, n.m., draught-board.

=damnable= (dâ-nabl), adj., damnable.

=damnablement= (dâ-na-), adv., damnably.

=damnation= (dâ-na-), n.f., damnation.

=damné=, =-e= (dâ-né), part., damned.

=damné=, =-e= (dâ-né), n.m., soul damned. Les —s; the damned. Souffrir comme un —; to suffer horribly. C’est l’âme —e du ministre; he is the tool of the minister (i.e., does his dirty work for him).

=damner= (dâ-né), v.a., to damn.

se =damner= (dâ-né), v.r., to damn one’s self.

☉=damoiseau=, n.m., beau, fop, spark; young page.

☉=damoisel=, n.m. V. =damoiseau=.

☉=damoiselle=, n.f., damsel.

=danché=, =-e=, adj., (her.) indented.

=dandin=, n.m., ninny.

=dandinement= (-di-n-mān), n.m., jogging, waddling; swinging, slouching.

=dandiner=, v.a., to dandle, to rock.

=dandiner=, v.n., to swing (of bells); to waddle, to slouch.

se =dandiner=, v.r., to waddle; to twist (one’s body) about; to strut, to slouch; to dilly-dally, to dally.

=dandy=, n.m., dandy.

=dandysme=, n.m., dandyism.

=danger=, n.m., danger, peril, risk, hazard, jeopardy. Braver les —s; to brave dangers. Affronter les —s; to face dangers. Être en — de; to be in danger of.

=dangereusement= (danj-reuz-mān), adv., dangerously.

=dangereu-x=, =-se=, adj., dangerous.

=danois=, =-e=, adj., Danish.

=danois=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., Dane.

=danois=, n.m., Danish; dane (dog).

=dans=, prep., in, within, into; with, according to, formerly. Il fait cela — le dessein de s’établir; he does so with the intention of establishing himself. J’ai beaucoup travaillé — le temps; I used to study a good deal formerly.

=dansant=, =-e=, adj., dancing. Soirée —e; dancing party, evening party.

=danse=, n.f., dance, dancing; beating, hiding. Aimer la —; to like dancing. — de corde; rope-dancing. Il a une — contrainte; he has a stiff way of dancing. Donner une — à quelqu’un; to give any one a drubbing. Entrer en —; to join the dance. — de St. Guy; St. Vitus’s dance.

=danser=, v.n., to dance. — en mesure; to keep time in dancing. Faire — quelqu’un; to lead any one a dance. Il ne sait sur quel pied —; he does not know which way to turn. Il en dansera en l’air; he will swing for it. Se —; to be danced.

=danser=, v.a., to dance. — un menuet; to dance a minuet.

=danseu-r=, n.m., =-se=, n.f., dancer, ballet-girl. — de corde; rope-dancer.

=dansotter=, v.n., to dance a little, to skip, to hop, to dance stiffly.

=danubien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), adj., Danubian.

=daphné=, n.m., (bot.) daphne.

=darce=, n.f. V. =darse=.

=dard=, n.m., dart; sting; (bot.) pistil. Le — d’une abeille; the sting of a bee; (pisc.) dace.

=darder=, v.a., to dart; to shoot forth, to beam, to hurl; to spear, to harpoon. Le soleil darde ses rayons; the sun darts forth his rays.

☉=dardeur=, n.m., shooter, dart-flinger.

=dardillon=, n.m., barb (of a fish-hook).

=dariole=, n.f., cream-cake.

=darne=, n.f., slice of fish.

=darse=, n.f., (nav.) wet-dock.

=dartre=, n.f., skin disease; eruption (of the skin); blotch, tetter; herpes. — farineuse; pityriasis, dandriff.

=dartreu-x=, =-se=, adj., herpetic, scurfy, scabby.

=dartreu-x=, n.m., =-se=, n.f., person affected with skin disease; scabby fellow.

=dataire=, n.m., datary (chancery officer of Rome).

=date=, n.f., date, period. À courte —; short-dated. À longue —; long-dated. Prendre —; to fix a day. Je suis le premier en —; I have the priority. En — de; under date of, bearing the date. D’ancienne, or de vieille, de longue —; of long standing, long since.

=dater=, v.a., to date.

=dater=, v.n., to date; to date from; to form a period; to reckon. — de loin; to date far back; to happen long ago. À — de; reckoning from. Se —; to be dated.

=daterie= (da-trî), n.f., datary’s office.

=datif=, n.m., (gram.) dative, dative case.

=dati-f=, =-ve=, adj., (jur.) dative. Tutelle —ve; dative guardianship.

=dation=, n.f., (jur.) giving. — en payement; giving in payment.

=datisme=, n.m., tautology.

=datte=, n.f., (bot.) date.

=dattier=, n.m., date-tree.

=datura=, n.m., (bot.) datura stramonium, thorn-apple.

=daube=, n.f., (cook.) stew, daube.

=dauber=, v.a., (pop.) to cuff, to drub; (fig.) to banter; to jeer.

=daubeur=, n.m., jeerer, banterer, sneerer.

=daubière=, n.f., long stew-pan.

=dauphin=, n.m., (ich.) dolphin; dauphin (eldest son of the kings of France).

=dauphine=, n.f., dauphiness.

=dauphinelle=, n.f., (bot.) lark-spur.

=daurade=, n.f., (ich.) gilt head.

=d’autant=. V. =autant=.

=davantage=, adv., more; longer, further. Pas —; no more. Je n’en dirai pas —; I shall say no more. Je n’en sais pas —; I know nothing more about it. Ne restez pas —; do not stay any longer.

=davier=, n.m., dentist’s forceps; (nav.) davit.

=de=, prep., of, from, by, with, in, upon, out of, some, any, for, at, to. Un plat d’argent; a silver dish. De Paris à Londres; from Paris to London. De près, de loin; near, afar. Faire de son mieux; to do one’s best. Vivre de fruits et de légumes; to live on fruit and vegetables. Sauter de joie; to leap for joy. Se moquer de quelqu’un; to laugh at any one. Il y eut cent hommes de tués; there were a hundred men killed. Il n’y a personne de blessé; there is no one wounded. Plus d’effets et moins de paroles; more deeds and fewer words. Quelque chose de bon; something good. Indigne de vivre; unworthy to live. Le désir d’apprendre; the wish to learn. Avoir besoin d’argent; to be in want of money. Qu’est-ce que de nous! what poor creatures we are! L’un d’entre eux; one of them. D’après l’original; from the original. De chez vous; from your house. De par le roi; in the king’s name. De ce que; because. Les hommes d’à-présent or d’aujourd’hui; the men of the day. Un coup de bâton; a blow with a stick. Trait de plume; dash of the pen. Un coup de fusil; a shot. Signe de tête; nod. Leçons de danse; lessons in dancing. Un enfant d’un bon naturel; a good-natured child. Une lame d’épée; a sword-blade. Une prise de tabac; a pinch of snuff. Un collier de perles; a pearl necklace. Être d’un repas; to make one at a banquet. N’avez-vous point d’enfants? have you no children? Être —; to be one of a party. [De is changed into d’ before a vowel or silent h.]

=dé=, n.m., die (for playing); thimble; (arch.) coin, block, dado; (nav.) cock (of blocks); (coin.) die. — fermé; woman’s thimble. — ouvert; tailor’s thimble. Jouer au —s; to play at dice. —s pipés; cogged or loaded dice. Avoir le —; to be one’s turn to play. Flatter le —; to slide the dice; to soften a thing down. À vous le —; now it is your turn, your throw. Le — en est jeté; the die is cast. Tenir le — de la conversation; to engross the conversation.

=déalbation=, n.f., (chem.) dealbation.

=débâchage=, n.m., untilting, uncovering.

=débâcher=, v.a., to uncover, to untilt.

=débâclage=, n.m., clearing, opening (of a port).

=débâcle=, n.f., breaking up (of the ice); clearing (of a harbor); (fig.) overthrow, shock, downfall, collapse, disaster.

=débâclement=, n.m., breaking up of the ice.

=débâcler=, v.n., to break up (of the ice).

=débâcler=, v.a., to clear (a harbor); to unbar (doors). — les bateaux; to clear the harbor of boats. — une porte, une fenêtre; to unbar a door, a window.

=débâcleur=, n.m., water or port-bailiff.

=débagouler=, v.n., (l.ex.) to spew, to puke.

=débagouler=, v.a., (l.ex.) (fig.) to launch into abuse; to insult, to abuse any one foully.

=débagouleur=, n.m., (l.ex.) scurrilous, foul-mouthed blabber.

=déballage=, n.m., unpacking (goods exposed for sale, show).

=déballer=, v.a., to unpack.

à la =débandade=, adv., in confusion, helter-skelter, at sixes and sevens. Mettre tout à la —; to put everything in confusion.

à la =débandade=, n.f., rout, stampede; breaking the ranks.

=debandement= (dé-band-mān), n.m., disbanding; (milit.) leaving the ranks.

=débander=, v.a., to unbind; to unbend, to loosen. — un pistolet; to uncock a pistol. — quelqu’un; to take off the handkerchief tied over any one’s eyes.

se =débander=, v.r., to slacken or grow loose, to relax; to disband; to get uncocked (of firearms); to grow milder (of the weather). — l’esprit; to relax one’s mind.

=débanquer=, v.a., to break the bank (at play).

=débaptiser= (dé-ba-ti-zé), v.a., to change the name of. Il jugea à propos de se —; he thought proper to change his name.

*=débarbouiller=, v.a., to clean, to make clean, to wash the face.

se =débarbouiller=, v.r., to wash one’s face; to extricate one’s self.

=débarcadère=, n.m., landing, landing-place, wharf, terminus, station (of railways).

=débardage=, n.m., unlading (of wood).

=débarder=, v.a., to unlade wood; to clear a wood of the trees which have been felled in it.

=débardeur=, n.m., lumper; workman who breaks up boats; wharf-porter; lighterman; docker.

=débarqué=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., person landing. Un nouveau —; one just come to town; a raw countryman.

=débarquement=, n.m., landing, disembarkment.

=débarquer=, v.a., to disembark, to land, to unship.

=débarquer=, v.n., to land. Nous débarquâmes en tel endroit; we went ashore at such a place. Au —; on landing.

=débarras=, n.m., riddance, disencumbrance. Bon —! a good riddance! Chambre de —; lumber-room.

=débarrassé=, =-e=, part., disembarrassed; rid of, released from.

=débarrassement=, n.m., (l.u.) disembarrassment, clearance, riddance; extrication.

=débarrasser=, v.a., to clear, to clear away, to disencumber, to rid, to free, to disentangle, to disembarrass; to extricate.

se =débarrasser=, v.r., to disentangle, to extricate one’s self from, to rid one’s self of, to shake off; to get clear, to get clear of; to clear, to be cleared (of the road, the way).

=débarrer=, v.a., to unbar.

=débat=, n.m., debate, dispute, discussion, strife, contest. pl., debates; pleading, summing up. Vider un —; to settle a dispute. À eux le —; let them settle it between them.

=débatelage=, n.m., unlading of boats.

=débateler=, v.a., to unlade boats.

=débâter=, v.a., to unsaddle; to take off a pack-saddle.

=débâtir=, v.a., to pull down; to unbaste, to untack (of garments).

=débattre=, v.a., to debate, to discuss, to argue.

se =débattre=, v.r., to struggle, to strive, to flounder, to writhe; to dispute; to be debated.

=débauche=, n.f., debauch; debauchery; lewdness, dissoluteness. Aimer la —; to be fond of reveling.

=débauché=, n.m., debauchee, rake.

=débaucher=, v.a., to debauch; to entice away; to take away.

se =débaucher=, v.r., to become debauched; to be led away from one’s occupations.

=débaucheu-r=, n.m., =-se=, n.f., debaucher, seducer.

=débet=, n.m., debit, balance of an account. Être or rester en —; to owe a balance.

=débiffé=, =-e=, part., discomposed, disordered, out of order. Visage —; haggard countenance.

=débiffer=, v.a., to debilitate, to disorder, to enfeeble, to put out of sorts. Être tout débiffé; to be quite out of sorts.

=débile=, adj., weakly, weak, feeble. Avoir le cerveau —; to have weak brains. Mémoire —; weak memory.

=débilement= (dé-bil-mān), adv., feebly, weakly.

=débilitant=, n.m., (med.) debilitant.

=débilitant=, =-e=, adj., (med.) debilitating, weakening.

=débilitation=, n.f., debilitation, enfeebling.

=débilité=, n.f., debility, weakness.

=débiliter=, v.a., to debilitate, to enfeeble.

*=débillardement=, n.m., (carp.) cutting diagonally.

*=débillarder=, v.a., (carp.) to cut diagonally.

*=débiller=, v.a., to loosen horses.

=débine=, n.f., difficulties, poverty, straits, embarrassment, mess, beggary. Il est tombé dans la —; he has fallen into poverty.

=débit=, n.m., sale, traffic; market; retail shop; license to sell; delivery, utterance; debit side (book-keeping); (mus.) recitative. Marchandise de bon —; goods that have a ready sale. — de tabac; tobacconist’s shop. Porter au — de quelqu’un; to debit any one with. Il a un beau —; he has a fine delivery.

=débitage=, n.m., cutting up (of stones, timber).

=débitant=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., retailer, dealer. — en détail, en gros; retail, wholesale, dealer.

=débiter=, v.a., to sell; to retail; to give out, to spread, to report, to utter; to debit; to cut up (wood, stone). — en gros, en détail; to sell, wholesale, by retail. — son rôle; to recite one’s part. — des nouvelles; to spread news.

=débit-eur=, n.m., =-rice=, n.f., debtor; seller, retailer; (jur.) obligor. Être — de; to be in debt to.

=débiteur=, adj.m., debtor. Compte —; debtor’s account.

=débiteu-r=, n.m., =-se=, n.f., prattler, newsmonger. C’est une grande —se de mensonges; she is a regular fib-teller.

=débitter=, v.a., (nav.) to unbitt (a cable).

=déblai=, n.m., cutting, clearing; excavating, excavation; rubbish; riddance. Être en —; to have been excavated.

=déblaiement=, =déblayement=, n.m., clearing, clearing away; clearance; freeing; cutting, digging.

=déblatérer=, v.n., to speak against; to rail at.

=déblayer=, v.a., to clear away; to clear.

=déblocage=, n.m., (print.) turning letters.

=déblocus=, n.m., raising the blockade of.

=débloquer=, v.a., to raise a blockade; (print.) to turn letters.

=déboire=, n.m., after-taste; vexation; mortification; disappointment.

=déboisement=, n.m., clearing or denudation of trees, forests.

=déboiser=, v.a., to clear or denude.

se =déboiser=, v.r., to become denuded.

=déboîtement= (dé-boat-mān), n.m., disjointing, dislocation.

=déboîter=, v.a., to put out of joint, to dislocate, to disjoint.

se =déboîter=, v.r., to be dislocated, to become disjointed.

=débonder=, v.a., to take the bung out of; to loosen, to unbind. — un étang; to open the sluice of a pond.

se =débonder=, v.r., to gush, to sluice out, to break out or open, to burst forth, to escape out of the bung-hole; to be relaxed (of a person).

=débonder=, v.n., to escape through the bung-hole; to escape through the sluice of a pond; to gush out.

=débondonnement=, n.m., unbunging.

=débondonner=, v.a., to take out the bung.

=débonnaire=, adj., good-natured; compliant, gentle, easy-tempered.

=débonnairement=, adv., compliantly, easily.

☉=débonnaireté=, n.f., compliance, meekness.

=débord=, n.m., edge (of a coin); ☉overflowing; ☉(med.) defluxion.

=débordé=, =-e=, adj., overflowed; lewd, dissolute, debauched.

=débordement=, n.m., overflowing, breaking out, inundation, irruption; (fig.) dissoluteness, debauchery, lewdness; torrent, flood; (med.) overflow.

=déborder=, v.n., to overflow, to run over; to project, to bag, to jut out; (nav.) to get clear, to sheer off. La doublure déborde; the lining bags. Cette maison déborde; that house juts out.

=déborder=, v.a., to take off the border; to outrun; to go beyond; (milit.) to outflank; to edge (plumber’s business).

se =déborder=, v.r., to overflow; to break, to burst, forth.

=débordoir=, n.m., edging-tool (of a plumber).

=débosseler= (dé-bos-lé), v.a., to take the bruises, the dents, out of.

=débotté=, n.m., with boots off.

=débotter=, v.a., to pull off boots.

se =débotter=, v.r., to pull off one’s boots.

=débouché=, n.m., opening, expedient; outlet, issue; (com.) market, sale; water-way.

=débouchement= (de-boosh-mān), n.m., uncorking, unstopping, outlet; debouching; market, sale; disemboguement.

=déboucher=, v.a., to open; to clear; to uncork.

=déboucher=, v.n., to pass out; to fall into (rivers); (milit.) to debouch; to relieve the bowels; to expand the mind. Au — du défilé; on coming out of the defile.

=débouchoir=, n.m., lapidary’s tool.

=déboucler=, v.a., to unbuckle, to uncurl. — une jument; to unring a mare.

*=debouilli=, n.m., (dy.) boiling.

*=débouillir=, v.a., (dy.) to boil.

=déboulonner=, v.a., (tech.) to unbolt, to unpin.

=débouquement= (dé-book-mān), n.m., (nav.) narrow channel; disemboguement.

=débouquer=, v.n., (nav.) to disembogue.

=débourbage=, n.m., (metal.) trunking.

=débourber=, v.a., to cleanse; to take the mud away; (metal.) to trunk. — une voiture; to draw a carriage out of the mire.

=débourgeoiser=, v.a., to polish, to make a lady or gentleman of.

se =débourgeoiser=, v.r., to become polished.

=débourrement= (dé-boor-mān), n.m., taking off the fleece.

=débourrer=, v.a., (man.) to break in; to worm (fire-arms); to empty (a pipe); to polish (a person). — un jeune homme; to form or polish a young man. — un cheval; to break in a horse; to take the fleece off.

☉=débours=, n.m., disbursement, sum laid out.

=déboursé=, n.m., money laid out, disbursement, outlay.

=déboursement=, n.m., disbursement, outlay, expenditure.

=débourser=, v.a., to disburse, to expend, to lay out.

=debout=, adv., upright, on end; up; standing; in existence (of things); ahead (of the wind). Il se tient —; he is standing up. Être —; to be up, to be stirring. Allons, —, il est déjà grand jour; come, get up, it is broad daylight. Un conte à dormir —; rigmarole. Avoir le vent —; to have the wind ahead or a head wind.

=débouté=, n.m., (jur.) dismission, setting aside, nonsuit.

=débouter=, v.a., (jur.) to overrule, to reject, to non-suit. Il a été débouté de sa demande; his demand was rejected; he was non-suited.

=déboutonné=, =-e=, part., unbuttoned.

=déboutonner=, v.a., to unbutton.

se =déboutonner=, v.r., to unbutton one’s self; to unbosom one’s self.

*=débraillé=, =-e=, part., open-breasted, loosely dressed, untidy; in disorder. Tout —; all untidy.

=débraillement= or =débraillé=, n.m., untidiness, disorder; license, licentiousness.

*se =débrailler=, v.r., to uncover one’s breast, to become untidy, disordered.

=débrayage=, n.m., disengaging gear (motor).

=débrayer=, v.n., to throw out of gear, to disengage.

*=débredouiller=, v.a., se —, v.r., to save the lurch (backgammon).

=débridement= (dé-brid-mān), n.m., unbridling; despatching, hurrying over; (surg.) relieving constriction by incision.

=débrider=, v.a., to unbridle; to despatch, to hurry; (surg.) to remove constriction by incision.

=débrider=, v.n., to unbridle one’s horse; to halt; to stop. Sans —; without stopping; at a stretch.

=débris=, n.m., remains, wreck, ruins; waste; rubbish.

=débrochage=, n.m., unstitching; unspitting.

=débrocher=, v.a., to unstitch, to unspit.

*=débrouillement=, n.m., disentangling, unravelling.

*=débrouiller=, v.a., to disentangle, to unravel, to clear up, to explain.

se =débrouiller=, v.r., to unravel; to be disentangled, to be cleared up.

=débrutir=, v.a., to clear off the rough; to polish (gems).

=débrutissement= (-tis-mān), n.m., rough-polishing (of gems).

=débucher=, v.n., (hunt.) to start.

=débucher=, v.a., (hunt.) to dislodge, to start.

=débucher=, n.m., (hunt.) start. Il se trouva au —; he was present at the start.

=débusquement=, n.m., driving out; dislodging; ousting.

=débusquer=, v.a., to turn out, to oust, to expel; (hunt.) to start, to dislodge.

=début=, n.m., lead, first cast, or throw; outset; debut; first appearance; beginning. Voilà un beau —; that is a fine beginning.

=débutant=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., actor, actress, appearing for the first time; beginner.

=débuter=, v.n., to lead, to play first; to begin; to open; to set out; to make one’s first appearance. Il a mal débuté dans le monde; he made a bad beginning in life.

=débuter=, v.a., to drive from the jack (at bowls); to drive from the mark (at cards).

=deçà=, prep., this side of. En —, de —, par —, la rivière; this side of the river. En — de la rivière; on this side of the river.

=deçà=, adv., here, on this side. — et delà; here and there, this and that side, up and down. Jambe —, jambe delà; one leg this side, the other that. De —, par —, en —; this side.

=déca= (particle used in French weights and measures) deca (ten times the unit).

=décachetable=, adj., to be unsealed, opened.

=décachetage=, n.m., unsealing, opening.

=décacheter= (dé-kash-té), v.a., to unseal, to open; to break open, to break the seal of.

=décadaire=, adj., having ten days, decadal.

=décade=, n.f., decade.

=décadenasser=, v.a., to unpadlock.

=décadence=, n.f., decay, decline, wane, downfall.

=décadi=, n.m., decadi (the tenth day of a decade in the calendar of the first French Republic).

=décaèdre=, adj., decahedral.

=décaèdre=, n.m., (geom.) decahedron.

=décagone=, n.m., (fort., geom.) decagon.

=décagone=, adj., decangular, decagonal.

=décagramme=, n.m., decagram (5·64 drams avoirdupois).

=décaissage=, n.m., uncasing, unpacking.

=décaisser=, v.a., to take out of its box, to unpack.

=décalage=, n.m., unwedging.

=décaler=, v.a., to unwedge.

=décalitre=, n.m., decalitre (2·2009 gallons).

=décalogue=, n.m., Decalogue.

=décalquer=, v.a., to transfer a tracing.

=décaméron=, n.m., decameron.

=décamètre=, n.m., decameter (32·808992 feet).

=décampement= (dé-kanp-mān), n.m., (milit.) decampment.

=décamper=, v.n., (milit.) to decamp; to move off, to walk off; to pack off, to bolt, to levant.

=décanat=, n.m., deanery, deanship.

=décandrie=, n.f., (bot.) decandria.

=décantation=, n.f., (chem.) decantation.

=décanter=, v.a., (chem.) to decant, to pour off gently.

=décanteur=, n.m., (chem., pharm.) decanter.

=décapage=, n.m., cleaning, scraping (metal).

=décaper=, v.n., (nav.) to double a cape.

=décaper=, v.a., to clean, to scrape (metal).

=décapétalé=, =-e=, adj., (bot.) having ten petals.

=décaphylle=, adj., (bot.) having ten leaves.

=décapitation=, n.f., decapitation, beheading.

=décapiter=, v.a., to behead, to decapitate.

=décapode=, adj., ten-footed, decapodal.

=décapole=, n.f., Decapolis.

=décarrelage=, n.m., unpaving.

=décarreler= (dé-kar-lé), v.a., to take up a floor, to unpave.

=décastère=, n.m., decastere (13·1 cubic yards).

=décastyle=, n.m., (arch.) decastyle.

=décasyllabe=, adj., decasyllabic.

=décatir=, v.a., to sponge woolen cloth.

se =décatir=, v.r., (of cloth) to lose its gloss.

=décatissage= n.m., sponging.

=décatisseur=, n.m., sponger.

=décavé=, =-e=, adj., having lost one’s stake, ruined, beggared, lost in reputation.

=décaver=, v.a., to win the whole of one of the players’ stakes; to ruin, to beggar.

=décédé=, =-e=, part., deceased, dead.

=décédé=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., deceased; person deceased.

=décéder=, v.n., to die, to expire, to decease.

=déceindre=, v.a., to ungird, to loose a girdle.

=décèlement= (-sèl-mān), n.m., disclosure, betrayal.

=déceler=, v.a., to disclose, to reveal, to betray.

se =déceler=, v.r., to betray one’s self.

=déceleu-r=, n.m., =-se=, n.f., betrayer, revealer.

=décembre=, n.m., December.

=décemment= (dé-sa-mān), adv., in a decent manner, decently.

=décemvir= (-sèm-), n.m., decemvir.

=décemviral=, =-e=, adj., decemviral.

=décemvirat=, n.m., decemvirate.

=décence=, n.f., decency, propriety.

=décennal=, =-e= (-sèn-nal), adj., decennial.

=décent=, =-e=, adj., decent, becoming.

=décentralisation=, n.f., decentralization.

=décentraliser=, v.a., decentralize.

=décepti-f=, =-ve=, adj., deceptive.

=déception=, n.f., deception, deceit, fraud.

=décerner=, v.a., to decree, to enact; to award, to bestow, to issue (a summons). — un mandat d’amener; to issue a writ of arrest. Se —; to be awarded, to be decreed, etc.

=décès=, n.m., decease, demise, death.

=décevable=, adj., deceivable.

=décevant=, =-e=, adj., deceptive.

=décevoir=, v.a., to deceive, to disappoint.

=déchaînement= (-shèn-mān), n.m., unbridling; letting loose (passions); fury, rage, violence, exasperation, inveighing, invective.

=déchaîner=, v.a., to unchain; to let loose, to turn loose, to exasperate.

se =déchaîner=, v.r., to break loose, to free one’s self from one’s chains, to burst upon; to run riot; to inveigh.

=déchalement=, n.m., lying dry; ebbing, far out.

=déchaler=, v.a.n., to leave bare or dry; to lie dry; to ebb far out.

=déchanter=, v.n., to change one’s tone, to lower one’s pretensions, to sing another tune. Je le ferai —; I’ll make him sing small.

=déchaperonné=, =-e=, adj., (of a wall) dismantled of its coping.

=déchaperonner=, v.a., to unhood, to uncope.

=décharge=, n.f., unloading, unlading; lumber-room; discharge; release; relief; exoneration; (jur.) defense; shower of blows; (mil.) volley, round. Pièce de —; lumber-room. Table de —; dinner-wagon. Témoin à —; witness for the defense. Entendre les témoins à charge et à —; to hear witnesses for and against.

=déchargement=, n.m., unloading, unlading.

=décharger=, v.a., to unload, to unlade, to empty, to vent, to disburden, to lighten; to discharge; to release, to set free; to exonerate; (hort.) to prime; to dismiss. — sa conscience; to clear one’s conscience. — son cœur à quelqu’un; to open one’s heart to any one. — son fusil sur quelqu’un; to discharge one’s musket at any one. — sa bile, sa colère, sur quelqu’un; to vent one’s bile, to wreak one’s anger, upon any one. — un accusé; to exculpate, to discharge an accused person. Il a été déchargé de toute accusation; he was entirely exculpated.

se =décharger=, v.r., to be unloaded, to discharge itself (liquids); to disembogue (rivers); to free one’s self; to give vent to; to go off of itself (of a gun); to change, to fade (of colors); to lay the blame. Se — d’une faute sur quelqu’un; to shift the blame on any one.

=décharger=, v.n., to unload; to unlade; to come off (of ink).

=déchargeur=, n.m., unloader, wharf-porter, heaver, lumper.

=décharné=, =-e=, part., fleshless; lean, thin, spare; emaciated; (of style) bald, meager, poor. Visage —; gaunt face. Style —; bald style.

=décharnement=, n.m., emaciation; leanness; poverty; (of style) baldness.

=décharner=, v.a., to strip off the flesh; to impoverish, to make lean, to emaciate; to render meager, naked.

☉=décharpir=, v.a., to tear into rags; to part, to separate (fighters).

=déchasser=, v.a., (turnery) to drive out pegs; v.n., (dancing) to slide to the left.

=déchaumage=, n.m., (agri.) digging up the stubble; plowing up the stubble.

=déchaumer=, v.a., to plow up the stubble; to break up fallow land.

=déchaussé=, =-e=, adj., bare-footed.

=déchaussement= (-shôs-mān), n.m., pulling off (shoes or stockings), laying bare; baring (of teeth); shrinking, lancing of the gums.

=déchausser=, v.a., to pull off shoes and stockings; to lay bare (trees, teeth, buildings).

se =déchausser=, v.r., to take off one’s shoes and stockings; to become bare (of the teeth).

=déchaussoir=, n.m., gum-lancet.

=déchaux=, adj.m., barefooted (of friars). C’est un pied —; he is a low poverty-stricken fellow. À peine de —; under pain of forfeiture.

=dèche=, n.f., (pop.) destitution, beggary. En —; out of pocket.

=déchéance=, n.f., (jur.) forfeiture; fall, decay.

=déchet=, n.m., (com.) loss, waste.

=décheu-x=, =-se=, adj., needy, beggarly.

=déchevelé=, =-e=, part., disheveled.

=décheveler= (-shĕ-vlé), v.a., to dishevel. V. =écheveler=.

=déchevêtrer=, v.a., to take the halter off, to unhalter; to disentangle, to release.

se =déchevêtrer=, v.r., to get its halter off; to break from its halter.

*=décheviller=, v.a., to unpeg, to unpin.

=déchiffrable=, adj., capable of being deciphered, legible, intelligible.

=déchiffrement=, n.m., deciphering; reading or playing at sight.

=déchiffrer=, v.a., to decipher; to unravel; to make clear; to read or play at sight.

se =déchiffrer=, v.r., to be deciphered, to be unraveled.

=déchiffreur=, n.m., decipherer; player at sight.

=déchiqueté=, =-e=, part., (bot.) laciniate; jagged. Feuille —e; jagged leaf.

=déchiqueter= (dé-shik-té), v.a., to cut, to slash, to mangle, to cut in long pieces; to pink.

=déchiqueteur= (-shik-teur), n.m., cutter, slasher, or ripper.

☉=déchiqueture= (-shik-tur), n.f., slashing, cutting, pinking.

=déchirage=, n.m., ripping up, breaking up, of a ship’s planks. Bois de —; old ship-timber.

=déchirant=, =-e=, adj., heart-rending, harrowing, piercing; excruciating.

=déchiré=, =-e=, part., torn, rent, ragged, tattered. Être tout —; to be all in rags. Chien hargneux a toujours l’oreille —e; snarling dogs have always sore ears.

=déchirement= (-shir-mān), n.m., rending, tearing; (surg.) laceration, pl., (fig.) intestine broils. — d’entrailles; excruciating pain in the bowels. —s de cœur; anguish of heart.

=déchirer=, v.a., to tear, to rend, to lacerate; to bespatter, to revile, to defame. — une plaie; to tear open a wound. — à coups de fouet; to lash to pieces. — quelqu’un à belles dents; to pull any one to pieces. — l’oreille; to grate on the ear. — de vieux vaisseaux; to rip up old vessels. — la cartouche; to bite the cartridge. Être déchiré de remords; to be tortured with remorse. — son prochain; to slander one’s neighbor.

se =déchirer=, v.r., to tear, to be torn, to be rent; to vilify, to abuse, to defame, each other. Ce papier se déchire très facilement; this paper tears very easily. Je sentis mon cœur —; I felt my heart breaking.

=déchireu-r=, n.m., =-se=, n.f., tearer, render; breaker up, ripper up (of boats, ships).

=déchirure=, n.f., rent, tear, break.

=déchoir= (déchu), v.n., to decay, to fall off, to decline; to forfeit, to lose; (nav.) not to keep the right course. — de son rang; to fall from one’s rank. Il est fort déchu de sa réputation; he is greatly fallen in reputation. — de ses espérances; to be less sanguine in one’s hopes. Être déchu d’un droit; to have forfeited a claim. Commencer à —; to begin to fall away.

=déchouement=, n.m., the floating of a stranded ship.

=déchouer=, v.a., to get off, to set afloat.

=déchristianiser=, v.a., to unchristianize.

se =déchristianiser=, v.r., to lose the character of Christian, to fall away from Christianity.

=déchu=, =-e=, part., decayed, sunk, fallen. Ange —; fallen angel.

=déci=, particle used in French weights and measures, deci (one-tenth of the unit).

=décidé=, =-e=, adj., decided, determined, resolved, resolute; confident.

=décidément=, adv., decidedly, positively; actually, really; on considération.

☉=décidence=, n.f., the falling of the womb.

=décider=, v.a., to decide, to determine, to settle, to induce, to persuade.

=décider=, v.n., to decide, to determine. Que le sort décide entre nous; let fortune determine between us. Cet événement décida de mon sort; that event decided my fate.

se =décider=, v.r., to decide, to determine, to resolve, to make up one’s mind; to be decided, to be settled. La victoire s’est décidée en faveur de nos armes; victory favored our arms. Tout se décidait par intérêt; everything was decided by interest.

=décidu=, =-e=, adj., (bot.) deciduous.

=décigramme=, n.m., decigram (15·4325 grain).

=décilitre=, n.m., deciliter (0·176 pint).

=déciller=. V. =dessiller=.

=décimable=, adj., tithable.

=décimal=, =-e=, adj., decimal.

=décimateur=, n.m., tithe-owner.

=décimation=, n.f., decimation.

=décime=, n.m., decime, tenth part of a franc; war-tax.

=décimer=, v.a., to decimate (to punish every tenth soldier); to destroy, to thin, to sweep off, to carry off, to annihilate.

=décimètre=, n.m., decimeter (3·937 inches).

=décimo=, adv., tenthly.

=décintrement=, n.m., (arch.) removing the centerings (of walls).

=décintrer=, v.a., (arch.) to remove the centers from an arch.

=décintroir=, n.m., (tech.) cutting-hammer.

=décirer=, v.a., to take the wax off. Se —; to become unwaxed; to lose its wax.

=décisi-f=, =-ve=, adj., decisive, conclusive; positive, peremptory. C’est un homme —; he is a positive man. Prendre un ton —; to assume a peremptory tone.

=décision=, n.f., decision; determination; resolution. Une — de droit; a decision in law.

=décisivement= (-ziv-mān), adv., decisively, peremptorily, positively.

=décisoire=, adj., (jur.) decisory.

=décistère=, n.m., decistere (3·53 cubic feet).

=déciviliser=, v.a., to uncivilize.

=déclamateur=, n.m., declaimer, stump-orator. Ce n’est qu’un —; he is a mere ranter.

=déclamateur=, adj., declamatory, stilted, bombastic. Style —; high-flown style.

=déclamation=, n.f., declamation, elocution; manner, art of reciting, declaiming; abuse, invective. — oratoire, théâtrale; oratorical, theatrical elocution. Professeur de —; teacher of elocution. Il s’est livré à des —s contre sa partie adverse; he indulged in invectives against his adversary.

=déclamatoire=, adj., declamatory.

=déclamer=, v.a., to declaim; to recite; to spout, to mouth (out).

=déclamer=, v.n., to declaim; to recite; to spout, to rant, to inveigh.

=déclarat-eur=, n.m., =-rice=, n.f., declarer.

=déclarati-f=, =-ve=, adj., declaratory.

=déclaration=, n.f., declaration, proclamation; disclosure; notification; (jur.) schedule; statute (of bankruptcy); (jur.) affidavit; verdict (of juries). — d’entrée, de sortie; declaration of goods (at the custom-house) on entering, on leaving the town.

=déclaratoire=, adj., declaratory.

=déclaré=, =-e=, adj., declared; open; avowed; acknowledged; recognized. Ennemi —; declared or avowed enemy.

=déclarer=, v.a., to declare, to make known; to proclaim; to certify; to denounce; to find (guilty, not guilty). — sa volonté; to make known one’s will.

se =déclarer=, v.r., to declare, to be declared, to break out, to speak one’s mind; to declare oneself, itself; to set in (of the weather). La petite vérole s’est déclarée; small-pox has broken out.

=déclasser=, v.a., to alter the classing of; to undervalue, to depreciate; to strike off the rolls; to dismiss from the service.

=déclaveter=, v.n., to get loose (of gearing).

=déclencher=, v.a., to unlatch a door, to lift up the latch, to unhook, to loosen.

=déclic=, n.m., (mec.) click; trigger, catch; monkey (of a pile-driver).

=déclimater=, v.a., to declimatize.

=déclin=, n.m., decline, decay; wane (of the moon); ebb; close; main-spring (of fire-arms). L’hiver est sur son —; winter is drawing to a close. Le jour à son —; twilight.

=déclinable=, adj., (gram.) declinable.

=déclinaison=, n.f., (gram.) declension; (astron., phys.) declination. — de la boussole; variation of the compass. — d’un cadran; declination of a dial.

=déclinant=, =-e=, adj., declining. Cadran —; declining dial.

=déclinatoire=, adj., declinatory. Exception —; exception.

=déclinatoire=, n.m., (jur.) declinatory plea, exception.

=décliner=, v.n., to decline; to be on the wane, to fall off; to refuse to entertain. Ses forces déclinent beaucoup; his strength is fast declining. Ce malade décline tous les jours; the patient is falling away every day.

=décliner=, v.a., (gram.) to decline; to state. — son nom; to state one’s name. — une juridiction; to decline, to except to, the jurisdiction of a court of law.

=déclive=, adj., declivous, sloping; (surg.) dependent.

=déclivité=, n.f., declivity, slope.

=décloîtrer=, v.a., to withdraw from a convent, to uncloister; to secularize.

se =décloîtrer=, v.r., to leave the cloister; to return to the world; to unfrock oneself.

=déclore=, v.a., to unclose, to throw open.

=déclos=, =-e=, part., unclosed; open.

=déclôture=, n.f., unclosing, opening.

=déclouer=, v.a., to unnail.

=décochement= (-kosh-mān), n.m., discharge, darting (of arrows, shafts); shooting.

=décocher=, v.a., to discharge, to let fly (arrows); to let fly; to bring out; to dart.

=décoction=, n.f., (pharm.) decoction.

*=décognoir=, n.m., (print.) shooting-stick.

=décoiffer=, v.a., to take off a head-dress, to undress the hair; to take the sealing-wax off the cork of a bottle. — St. Pierre pour coiffer St. Paul; to rob Peter to pay Paul.

se =décoiffer=, v.r., to undo one’s head-dress, to take off one’s cap. Cet enfant se décoiffe tous jours; that child is constantly pulling off its cap.

=décoinçage=, n.m., unwedging; (rail.) unkeying, unlocking.

=décoincer=, v.a., to unwedge; (rail.) to unkey.

se =décoincer=, v.r., to get unwedged.

=décollation=, n.m., decollation, beheading.

=décollement= (-kol-mān), n.m., ungluing, unpasting, coming off.

=décoller=, v.a., to behead; to unglue, to deglutinate; to come off the cushion (at billiards).

se =décoller=, v.r., to unglue, to get unglued, to come off (the cushion).

=décolleté=, =-e=, part., in a low dress; (of dresses) low; (fig.) broad, free, licentious.

=décolleter= (-kol-té), v.a., to uncover the neck.

se =décolleter=, v.r., to bare one’s shoulders; to wear a low dress.

=décolleter=, v.n., to leave the neck bare.

=décoloration=, n.f., discoloration.

=décoloré=, =-e=, part., discolored, faded; (fig.) (of style) tame, colorless.

=décolorer=, v.a., to discolor, to take away the color of, to change from the natural hue of.

se =décolorer=, v.r., to lose one’s or its color; to become discolored, to fade. Ces roses se décolorent; these roses are losing their color.

=décombler=, v.a., to empty.

=décombrer=, v.a., to clear away rubbish from, to clear.

=décombres=, n.m.pl., rubbish, ruins.

=décommander=, v.a., to countermand.

se =décommander=, v.r., to be countermanded.

=décompléter=, v.a., to render incomplete.

=décomposable=, adj., decomposable; decompoundable.

=décomposé=, =-e=, part., decomposed; decomposite. Un visage —; a distorted countenance.

=décomposer=, v.a., to decompose, to discompose, to distort; to decompound. La terreur décompose le visage; terror distorts the face.

se =décomposer=, v.r., to decompose, to become decomposed; to be distorted.

=décomposition=, n.f., decomposition, analysis; discomposition.

=décompte= (dé-kont), n.m., deduction; allowance; deficiency; drawback; disappointment. Trouver du —; to be disappointed.

=décompter= (dé-kon-té), v.a., to deduct; to reckon off.

=décompter=, v.n., to reckon off; to be disappointed; to lose one’s illusions.

=déconcerté=, =-e=, adj., disconcerted.

=déconcerter=, v.a., to disconcert, to confuse, to foil, to baffle.

se =déconcerter=, v.r., to be disconcerted or put out; to be confused.

=déconclure=, v.a., to annul, to break off.

=déconfire=, v.a., to discomfit; to nonplus; to do for.

=déconfiture=, n.f., discomfiture; havoc; overthrow, break-down; (jur.) insolvency.

=déconfort=, n.m., discomfort, sorrow, distress.

=déconforter=, v.a., to discomfort, to grieve, to distress.

*=déconseiller=, v.a., to dissuade.

=déconsidération=, n.f., disrepute; disesteem, discredit.

=déconsidéré=, =-e=, adj., sunk into disrepute, discredited.

=déconsidérer=, v.a., to bring into disrepute, to discredit.

se =déconsidérer=, v.r., to fall, to sink, into disrepute.

=déconstruire=, v.a., to take to pieces; to unbuild, to demolish, to pull down; to decompose; (gram.) to construct badly. — des vers; to turn verse into prose.

=décontenancé=, =-e=, part., out of countenance, abashed.

=décontenancer=, v.a., to abash, to put out of countenance.

se =décontenancer=, v.r., to be put out of countenance, to be abashed.

=déconvenue=, n.f., discomfiture, disaster, mishap, failure.

=décor=, n.m., decoration, ornamental painting; (paint.) graining. pl., (theat.) scenery. — en bois; graining in imitation of wood. Peintre en —s; grainer.

=décorateur=, n.m., ornamental painter, decorator; scene-painter; grainer.

=décorati-f=, =-ve=, adj., decorative, ornamental.

=décoration=, n.f., decoration, embellishment; star; star of the order of the Legion of Honor. pl., scenery. Porter une —; to wear the star of an order.

=décorder=, v.a., to untwist, to untwine.

=décoré=, =-e=, part., knighted; decorated; wearing the insignia of some order of knighthood.

=décoré=, n.m., knight; knight of the Legion of Honor.

=décorer=, v.a., to decorate, to ornament, to adorn; to dignify; to trim; to set off; to confer (titles, honors); to confer the knighthood of the Legion of Honor; to paint. — d’un ordre; to confer an order. Se — d’un titre; to assume a title.

=décorner=, v.a., to unhorn. — un livre; to undo the dog’s ear of. — une carte; to turn the corner of.

=décortication=, n.f., stripping off bark, decortication; pulping, husking, barking.

=décortiquer=, v.a., to decorticate, to bark, to husk.

=décorum= (-rom), n.m., decorum, propriety, decency. Observer le —; to observe proprieties. C’est pour garder le —; it is for decency’s sake. Blesser le —; to offend against the laws of decorum.

=découcher=, v.n., to sleep out; to stay out all night.

=découcher=, v.a., to turn out of bed.

=découdre=, v.a., to unsew, to unstitch, to rip up.

se =découdre=, v.r., to come unsewed, unstitched.

=découdre=, v.n., to contend. Ils veulent en —; they are bent on coming to blows, or fighting it out.

=découlant=, =-e=, adj., flowing, running.

=découlement= (-kool-mān), n.m., flowing, running, dropping, trickling.

=découler=, v.n., to trickle, to flow, to run; to spring from, to proceed. La sueur découlait de son visage; the perspiration was running down his face. C’est de Dieu que les grâces découlent; all blessings flow from God.

=découpage=, n.m., (tech.) cutting out, carving out. — à l’emporte-pièce; punching.

=découpé=, =-e=, part., (paint.) cut out; (bot.) cut; standing out, defined, sharp, clear (of a landscape).

=découpé=, n.m., (hort.) mingled bed, parterre.

=découper=, v.a., to cut into pieces, into shreds; to cut up, to carve; to pink, to slash; to cut out. — un poulet; to carve a fowl. — une jupe; to slash a petticoat. — des figures; to cut out figures.

se =découper=, v.r., to stand out, to show up against.

=découpeu-r=, n.m., =-se=, n.f., carver, pinker, cutter.

=découple= or =découpler=, n.m., (hunt.) uncoupling, unleashing of dogs.

=découplé=, =-e=, part., uncoupled; strapping. C’est un gaillard bien —; he is a strapping fellow. Une fille bien —e; a well-set girl.

=découpler=, v.a., to uncouple, to unleash, to let loose.

=découpoir=, n.m., (tech.) punch, stamping-machine, stamping press; butler’s tray.

=découpure=, n.f., cutting out, pinking, work cut out; cut paper-work.

=décourageant=, =-e= (-jān, -t), adj., discouraging, disheartening.

=découragement= (-raj-mān), n.m., discouragement; despondency. Tomber dans le —; to become discouraged.

=décourager=, v.a., to discourage, to dishearten, to daunt, to deter.

se =décourager=, v.r., to be discouraged, disheartened. Il y a de quoi se —; it is enough to dishearten one.

=décourant=, =-e=, adj. V. =décurrent=.

=décourber=, v.a., to unyoke barge horses; to unbend, to straighten.

=découronner=, v.a., to discrown, to lay bare. — une hauteur; to sweep the top of a hill (of troops).

=décours=, n.m., decrease; wane (of the moon).

=décousu=, =-e=, part., adj., unsewed, unstitched, ripped; (of style, etc.) desultory, loose, unconnected. Style —; desultory style. Des idées —es; unconnected ideas.

=décousure=, n.f., seam-rent; (hunt.) gash (by a wild boar).

=découvert=, =-e=, part., uncovered, detected, plain; discovered, open; unguarded; undecked (of boats). Une allée —e; an open walk. Un pays —; an open country. À —; in the open, exposed to the fire of the enemy; unprotected; barefaced; (com.) overdrawn. Être à —; (com.) to have no security, to be unsecured; to be overdrawn.

=découvert=, n.m., (com.) uncovered balance, overdraft, deficit.

=découverte=, n.f., discovery, detection; (nav.) lookout; (milit.) reconnoitering. Aller à la —; to scout. Envoyer à la — de; to send to reconnoiter.

=découvreur=, n.m., discoverer.

=découvrir=, v.a., to uncover, to expose, to lay bare, to bare, to unmuffle, to unroof; to see, to spy out, to discover, to disclose; to unveil; to find out, to descry, to discern; to detect. — les racines d’un arbre; to lay bare the roots of a tree. — son jeu; to show one’s cards; to betray oneself. Je lui ai découvert mon cœur; I opened my heart to him. — une mine d’or; to discover a gold mine. — le pot aux roses; to find out the intrigue, the mystery.

se =découvrir=, v.r., to uncover oneself, to unbosom oneself; to expose oneself; to be detected; to make oneself known, to betray oneself; to clear up (of the sky).

=décramponner=, v.a., to uncramp, to loosen.

se =décramponner=, v.r., to let go one’s hold.

=décrasse-peigne=, n.m., comb-cleaner, comb-brush.

=décrasser=, v.a., to take off the dirt, to clean, to scour, to polish. — la tête; to clean the head. Il faut — ce jeune homme; that young man requires brushing up.

se =décrasser=, v.r., to wash, to clean oneself; to polish oneself, to become polished.

=décréditement= (-dit-mān), n.m., discrediting, discredit; disrepute.

=décréditer=, v.a., to discredit, to disgrace, to bring into discredit or disrepute.

se =décréditer=, v.r., to sink into discredit, to lose one’s credit or reputation.

=décrépi=, =-e=, adj., unplastered.

=décrépir=, v.a., (mas.) to unplaster.

=décrépissage=, n.m., (mas.) unplastering.

=décrépit=, =-e=, adj., decrepit, broken-down.

=décrépitation=, n.f., decrepitation, crackling.

=décrépiter=, v.n., to decrepitate, to crackle.

=décrépitude=, n.f., decrepitude.

=décret=, n.m., decree, fiat, order, enactment; ☉(jur.) writ; order in council.

=décrétale=, n.f., decretal.

=décréter=, v.a., to decree, to order, to enact; ☉(jur.) to issue a writ against.

=décreusage=, n.m., ungumming (of silk).

=décreuser=, v.a., to ungum.

=décri=, n.m., crying down, prohibition; disrepute, discredit.

=décrier=, v.a., to decry, to cry down, to run down; to discredit, to bring into disrepute.

se =décrier=, v.r., to bring one’s self into disrepute; to cry one another down.

=décrire=, v.a., to describe, to trace, to draw.

se =décrire=, v.r., to be described.

=décrocher=, v.a., to unhook, to take down.

se =décrocher=, v.r., to become unhooked.

=décroire=, v.a., to disbelieve, to discredit.

=décroisement=, n.m., uncrossing.

=décroiser=, v.a., to uncross.

=décroissance=, n.f. V. =décroissement=.

=décroissant=, =-e=, adj., decreasing, diminishing; decrescent; (math.) descending.

=décroissement= (-kroas-mān), n.m., decrease, diminution, wane.

=décroître=, v.n., to decrease, to diminish, to wane; to draw in (of days); to come down (in life).

=décrottage=, n.m., cleaning of boots, trowsers.

=décrotter=, v.a., to rub off the dirt, to clean, to brush off.

se =décrotter=, v.r., to clean or brush one’s self.

=décrotteur=, n.m., shoe-boy, shoe-black.

=décrottoir=, n.m., a scraper (for shoes).

=décrottoire=, n.f., shoe-brush, hard brush.

=décrue=, n.f., decrease; fall (of water). La crue et la — de l’eau; the rise and fall of water.

=décruer=, v.a., (dy.) to scour (silk).

=décrûment=, n.m., (dy.) scouring.

=décrusement= or =décrusage=, n.m., (dy.) ungumming.

=décruser=, v.a., to ungum.

=déçu=, =-e=, part., deceived; frustrated.

=décuire=, v.a., to thin (syrup). Ce sirop est trop épais, il faut le —; this syrup is too thick, it must be thinned.

=déculassement=, n.m., unbreeching.

=déculasser=, v.a., to unbreech (a gun).

=décuple=, adj., tenfold, decuple.

=décuple=, n.m., decuple, tenfold. Il a gagné le — de ce qu’il avait avancé; he has gained ten times as much as he laid out.

=décupler=, v.a., to increase tenfold.

=décurie=, n.f., (antiq.) decury.

=décurion=, n.m., (antiq.) decurion.

=décurrent=, =-e=, adj., (bot.) decurrent.

=décursi-f=, =-ve=, adj., decursive.

=décussation=, n.f., decussation.

=décuvage=, n.m., or =décuvaison=, n.f., tunning (of wine).

=décuver=, v.a., to tun.

*=dédaigner=, v.a., to disdain, to scorn, to despise, to slight, to disregard, to turn up one’s nose at.

*=dédaigneusement= (-eûz-mān), adv., disdainfully, scornfully.

*=dédaigneu-x=, =-se=, adj., disdainful, scornful; regardless, careless of. Faire le —; to turn up one’s nose at.

=dédain=, n.m., disdain, scorn, disregard. Prendre en —; to conceive a dislike for.

=dédale=, n.m., labyrinth, maze.

=dédamer=, v.n., to displace a man (at draughts). v.a., to uncrown a king.

=dedans=, adv., within, in; inside. Il est là-dedans; he is within. En —; on the inside, within. Sa porte était fermée en —; his door was fastened inside. Donner —; to fall into the trap. Être —; to be in for it. Mettre quelqu’un —; to take any one in. Se mettre —; to get taken in, to get into a scrape. De —; from within. Par —; within, inside. Être tout en —; to be uncommunicative, reticent, close.

=dedans=, n.m., inside; interior. Du — au dehors; from within outwards. Au — et au dehors; at home and abroad.

=dédicace=, n.f., dedication, consecration; inscription.

=dédicatoire=, adj., dedicatory.

=dédier=, v.a., to dedicate, to consecrate; to devote; to inscribe.

=dédire=, v.a., to gainsay, to unsay, to contradict, to disown.

se =dédire=, v.r., to recant, to retract, to unsay what one has said; to go back from one’s word, to recede. Se — de sa promesse; to revoke one’s promise. Il ne peut s’en —; he cannot go back on it or back out of it.

=dédit=, n.m., unsaying; forfeit, forfeiture; retraction; deed stipulating forfeiture. Au — de; on the forfeiture of. Avoir son dit et son —; to say yes one day and no the next.

=dédommagement= (-maj-mān), n.m., indemnification; compensation, damages, amends, indemnity.

=dédommager=, v.a., to indemnify, to make amends, to make good; to compensate, to make up for.

se =dédommager=, v.r., to indemnify one’s self, to recoup one’s self.

=dédorer=, v.a., to ungild. Jeunesse dédorée; degenerate youth.

se =dédorer=, v.r., to lose its gilt (of metal, etc.).

=dédoublé=, n.m., diluted alcohol.

=dédoublement= or =dédoublage=, n.m., dividing into two; unlining; diluting.

=dédoubler=, v.a., to take out the lining; to divide into two; to dilute; (nav.) to unsheath (a vessel). — une pierre; to cut a stone into two parts lengthwise.

se =dédoubler=, v.r., to become unlined, to be unfolded; to be divided into two; to be diluted; (nav.) to be unsheathed.

=déduction=, n.f., deduction; set off; inference; taking from, defalcation; (obsol.) enumeration, recital.

=déduire= (déduisant, déduit), v.a., to take from, to deduct, to subtract; to draw from, to deduce, to infer.

☉=déduit=, n.m., amusement, pleasure, pastime.

=déesse=, n.f., goddess, female deity.

=défâcher=, v.a., to pacify.

se =défâcher=, v.r., to be pacified or pleased again, to cool down; to cease to be angry. S’il est fâché, qu’il se défâche; if he is angry, let him cool down again.

=défaçonner=, v.a., to put out of shape; to spoil any one’s manners.

se =défaçonner=, v.r., to get out of shape; to lose one’s good manners.

*=défaillance=, n.f., fainting fit, swoon; exhaustion; extinction (of a family); ☉(chem.) deliquescence. Tomber en —; to fall into a swoon; (jur.) default.

*=défaillant=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., (jur.) defaulter.

*=défaillant=, =-e=, adj., falling off; decaying; without heirs; weak, feeble; faltering, unsteady.

*=défaillir=, v.n., to grow faint and weak, to fail, to sink; to decay; to swoon, to faint away. Ses forces défaillent tous les jours; his strength fails him every day. Il se sent —; he feels himself sinking. Je me sentis —; I felt I was going to faint.

=défaire=, v.a., to undo, to unmake; to take asunder; to unpin; to unrip; to unknit; to make away with; to defeat, to rout; to eclipse, to obscure; to emaciate, to make lean, to waste; to discompose, to alter; to free, to deliver, to rid. — une malle; to unpack a trunk. — un nœud; to untie a knot. Sa maladie l’a bien défait; his illness has given him a worn appearance. Défaites-moi de cet importun; rid me of that troublesome fellow. — un marché, — un mariage; to annul, break off, a bargain, a marriage.

se =défaire=, v.r., to rid one’s self, to get rid of, to get quit of, to ease one’s self of, to make away, to forsake, to leave off; to come undone, to become loose; to lose strength and quality (of wine). Se — de son ennemi; to dispatch one’s enemy. Se — d’un vice; to throw off a vice. Se — d’une mauvaise habitude; to break one’s self of a bad habit. Défaites-vous de vos préjugés; shake off your prejudices. Se — de sa marchandise; to sell off one’s wares. Se — d’un bénéfice; to give up a living. Se — d’un cheval; to part with a horse. Se — d’un domestique; to discharge a servant. Ce vin se défait; this wine is losing its flavor.

=défait=, =-e=, part., undone, defeated; meager, lean, wasted; pale; worn out, wan.

=défaite=, n.f., defeat, overthrow; (com.) sale; evasion, shift, put-off, sham, pretense. Ces marchandises-là sont de bonne —; those goods command a ready sale. La — est ingénieuse; that is an ingenious evasion. C’est une —; that is a mere put-off.

=défalcation=, n.f., defalcation, deduction.

=défalquer=, v.a., to take off, to defalcate, to deduct.

=défausser=, v.a., to straighten.

se =défausser=, v.r., (at cards) to get rid of useless cards, or to play a card of another suit.

=défaut=, n.m., defect; fault; flaw, blemish; want; shortcoming; default. Chacun a ses —s; every one has his defects. Il n’y a personne sans —; there is no man but has his faults. Cette pièce de porcelaine a un —; there is a flaw in that piece of china. Le — de blé, de subsistances; want of corn, of victuals. C’est là le — de la cuirasse; that’s his weak point. Condamner par —; to cast for non-appearance. Jugement par —; judgment by default. Les chiens sont en —; the hounds have lost the scent. Trouver quelqu’un en —; to find any one at fault. Mettre quelqu’un en —; to baffle, to foil any one, to throw off the scent. Au —, à — de; in default of, for want of. Faire —; to be wanting; to fail; to be missed.

=défaveur=, n.f., disfavor, disgrace, discredit.

=défavorable=, adj., unfavorable, disparaging.

=défavorablement=, adv., unfavorably; disparagingly.

=défécation=, n.f., (pharm.) defecation. Matière à —; temper (of sugar).

=défecti-f=, =-ve=, adj., (gram.) defective.

=défection=, n.f., defection, falling off, disloyalty.

=défectivité=, n.f., (gram.) defectiveness.

=défectueusement= (-eûz-mān), adv., defectively.

=défectueu-x=, =-se=, adj., defective, imperfect.

=défectuosité=, n.f., defect, imperfection, flaw.

=défendable=, adj., defensible, tenable.

=défendant=, part., defending. Il l’a tué à son corps —; he killed him in self-defense. Faire une chose à son corps —; to do a thing reluctantly, in self-defense.

=défende-ur=, n.m., =-resse=, n.f., (jur.) defendant; respondent.

=défendre=, v.a., to defend, to protect; to shelter, to shield, to support, to uphold, to vindicate; to forbid, to prohibit. — son ami; to defend one’s friend. On a défendu le port des armes; the carrying of arms is prohibited. La raison nous défend de faire une injustice; reason forbids us to do an injustice. — sa maison à quelqu’un; to forbid any one the house.

=défendre=, v.n., (jur.) to defend. Il a été condamné faute de —; he was cast for want of being defended; (nav.) to fend off.

se =défendre=, v.r., to defend one’s self; to excuse one’s self from doing a thing; to clear one’s self; to deny a thing; to keep, to shield one’s self from; to help, to forbear. Cet accusé a voulu se — lui-même; that prisoner wanted to conduct his own defense. Il ne peut se — de tant de reproches; he cannot clear himself from so many imputations. Ne pas s’en —; to acknowledge, admit anything. Je ne m’en défends pas; I admit it, own it.

=défens=, n.m., (forestry) defense (of forests).

=défendures=, n.f.pl., hurdles, fences.

=défense=, n.f., defense, protection; prohibition, interdiction; apology, vindication, justification; warning, notice; task; (nav.) fender; skid; boom. pl., (fort.) outwork, defense; tusk, fang (of boars); tusk (elephants). Se mettre en —; to stand upon one’s defense. Être hors de —; not to be in a condition to defend one’s self. Bois en —; a wood so far grown that cattle may be let into it without danger to the trees. Cordes de —; fenders of junk or old cable. Faire —; to forbid, to prohibit. Preuves alléguées pour la — d’une cause; plea. Donner ses —s; to answer. Arrêt de —; decree to suspend the execution of a former decree. Armé, muni, de —s; tusked, fanged (of boars, elephants). — d’entrer; no admittance except on business. — de fumer; no smoking allowed. — d’uriner; commit no nuisance.

=défenseur=, n.m., defender, supporter, vindicator, advocate; defender, counsel. Un — nommé d’office; a defender appointed by the court.

=défensi-f=, =-ve=, adj., defensive.

=défensive=, n.f., safeguard, defensive. Se tenir sur la —; to stand upon the defensive.

=déféquer=, v.a., to defecate.

=déférant=, =-e=, adj., complying, condescending, yielding.

=déférence=, n.f., deference, regard, respect.

=déférent=, adj.m., deferent. Cercle —; (anc. astron.) deferent. Canal —; (anat.) deferent.

=déférer=, v.a., to confer, to bestow; to tender, to inform against. — le serment à quelqu’un; to tender an oath to, to bring before any one, to put any one on his oath. — quelqu’un en justice; to impeach any one in court. — quelqu’un à l’inquisition; to report any one to the inquisition.

=déférer=, v.n., to defer, to yield, to comply, to condescend. — aux sentiments des autres; to defer to the sentiments of others. — à quelqu’un; to pay deference to one.

=déferler=, v.a., (nav.) to unfurl.

=déferler=, v.n., to break into foam, to roll in (of the sea). La lame déferle; the wave bursts into foam, rolls in shore.

=déferrer=, v.a., to unshoe (a horse); to nonplus, to confound.

se =déferrer=, v.r., to come off, to fall off, to lose a shoe; to be nonplused or confounded. Mon lacet se déferre; the tag is coming off my lace.

=défet=, n.m., waste sheet (in bookselling).

*=défeuillaison=, n.f., defoliation.

*=défeuiller=, v.a., to take off the leaves. Le vent a défeuillé les arbres; the wind has blown off the leaves.

se =défeuiller=, v.r., to lose, to shed their leaves (of trees). Les arbres se défeuillent; the trees are losing, shedding their leaves.

=défi=, n.m., defiance, challenge. Un cartel de —; a written challenge. Envoyer un — à quelqu’un; to send any one a challenge. Je lui ai fait un — aux échecs; I challenged him to a game at chess. Mettre au —; to set at defiance.

=défiance=, n.f., distrust, mistrust; diffidence, caution. Concevoir de la —; to entertain distrust. Être dans la —; to have one’s misgivings. Une sotte — le retient; he is held back by a foolish diffidence.

=défiant=, =-e=, adj., distrustful, mistrustful, suspicious.

=déficient=, =-e=, adj., (arith.) deficient.

=déficit= (-sit), n.m., deficit, deficiency. Combler le —; to make up the deficit.

=défier=, v.a., to defy, to challenge; to brave, to face, to dare; to set at defiance. — quelqu’un au trictrac; to challenge any one to play at backgammon. — les dangers, to face dangers. Il ne faut jamais — un fou; never bid defiance to a madman. Je vous défie de m’en donner la preuve; I defy you to give me a proof of it.

=défier=, v.n., (nav.) to bear off, to fend.

se =défier=, v.r., to defy, to challenge, each other; to distrust, to mistrust; to suspect. Je me défie de cet homme; I distrust that man. Se — de ses forces; to distrust one’s own strength. Se — de soi-même; to distrust one’s self.

=défigurement=, n.m., disfigurement; defacement.

=défigurer=, v.a., to disfigure, to mar, to distort, to spoil. La petite vérole l’a tout défiguré; the small-pox has quite disfigured him. — la vérité; to distort the truth.

se =défigurer=, v.r., to disfigure one’s self, to become disfigured, to become deformed.

=défilade=, n.f., filing past; going off or past; marching past.

=défilé=, n.m., defile, narrow pass; strait, difficulty; (milit.) defiling, filing off or past, marching past. Je ne vois aucun moyen de sortir de ce —; I see no way of getting out of this difficulty.

=défilement=, n.m., filing off, marching past or going past; (fort.) defilading.

=défiler=, v.a., to unstring, to unthread; to untwist. — des perles; to unstring pearls. — son chapelet; to say all one has to say (on a subject). Elle a défilé son chapelet; she has given up devotion. Le chapelet se défile; the association is falling to pieces. — un ouvrage; (fort.) to defilade.

=défiler=, v.n., to defile, to file off, march past, go past. Les soldats ne pouvaient — que deux à deux; the soldiers could only go past two by two.

=défiler=, n.m., (milit., l.u.) filing off, marching past.

=défini=, n.m., the definite.

=défini=, =-e=, part., determined, definite, defined. Nombre —; definite number.

=définir=, v.a., to define, to determine; to decide; to explain, to describe. — une personne; to give an idea of a person. Se —; to be defined, to be determined, to be made out.

=définissable=, adj., definable.

=définisseur=, n.m., definer.

=définiteur=, n.m., definitor (in convents).

=définiti-f=, =-ve=, adj., definitive, final; ultimate, eventual, peremptory, positive. En —ve; definitively, after all, in short. En —ve, que voulez-vous? in a word, what do you want?

=définition=, n.f., definition; decision, determination. Faire une —; to give a definition.

=définitivement= (-tiv-mān), adv., definitively, positively, decidedly, ultimately, eventually.

=définitoire=, n.m., chapter (of monks).

=déflagration=, n.f., (chem.) deflagration.

=défléchi=, =-e=, adj., turned aside, deflected.

=défléchir=, v.n., to turn from or aside, to deflect.

se =défléchir=, v.r., to deflect.

=déflegmation=, n.f., (chem.) dephlegmation.

=déflegmer=, v.a., (chem.) to dephlegmate.

=défleuraison=, n.f., fall of the blossom.

=défleurir=, v.n., to shed blossoms.

=défleurir=, v.a., to nip or strip off blossoms; to take off the bloom of fruit (by handling it).

=déflexion=, n.f., (phys.) deviation, deflection.

=défloration=, n.f., defloration.

=déflorer=, v.a., to deflour, to deflower. — un sujet; to take the freshness off a subject.

☉=défluer=, v.n., (astrol.) to flow, to recede.

=défonçage=, n.m., (agri.) subsoil plowing; trenching.

=défoncé=, =-e=, part., broken, battered in. Chemin —; broken road.

=défoncement= (-fons-mān), n.m., (tech.) staving in, beating in of the head of casks; (agri.) digging up; deep plowing.

=défoncer=, v.a., to stave in (a cask); to bilge; to cut up; to knock in (the head of a cask). — un terrain; to dig up, to trench ground. — une peau; to dip a hide. — un chapeau; to batter in a hat.

se =défoncer=, v.r., to give way at the bottom; to break up (of roads); to get cut up.

=déformation=, n.f., deformation.

=déformé=, =-e=, adj., deformed, out of shape.

=déformer=, v.a., to put out of form, to throw out of shape.

se =déformer=, v.r., to lose the proper form or shape, to get out of shape. Sa taille se déforme; her figure is losing its shape, its litheness.

=défortifier=, v.a., to dismantle.

se =défortifier=, v.r., to get dismantled.

=défouetter=, v.a., (book-bind.) to untie.

=défournement=, n.m., drawing out of the oven.

=défourner=, v.a., to draw out of an oven. — le pain; to draw the batch.

=défourrer=, v.a., (nav.) to unwrap, to take off the envelope.

=défrai=, n.m., (pop.) defraying, settling expenses.

=défraîchi=, adj., no longer fresh; faded.

=défraîchir=, v.a., to destroy, to take off, the brilliancy, gloss, or freshness of a thing.

se =défraîchir=, v.r., to lose its brilliancy, freshness.

=défranciser=, v.a., to unfrenchify.

=défrayement=, n.m., defraying.

=défrayer=, v.a., to defray, to bear, the cost of; to amuse; to be the laughing-stock of. — la compagnie; to be the laughing-stock of the company.

=défrayeur=, n.m., defrayer.

=défrichage= or =défrichement= (-frish-mān), n.m., clearing, grubbing up; land so cleared. Faire le — d’un terrain; to clear a piece of ground. Ce — est en plein rapport cette année; this piece of cleared land is in full bearing this year.

=défriché=, adj., cleared (of land).

=défricher=, v.a., to clear, to grub up; to unravel (l.u.). — un champ; to clear a field.

=défricheur=, n.m., clearer, digger.

=défrisement= (-friz-mān), n.m., uncurling.

=défriser=, v.a., to uncurl, to put out of curl; (pop.) to disappoint, to ruffle.

se =défriser=, v.r., to uncurl, come out of curl.

=défroncement=, n.m., unplaiting, unfolding.

=défroncer=, v.a., to undo gathers, folds, or plaits; to unknit (the brows). — le sourcil; to smooth one’s brow.

=défroque=, n.f., old clothes; old things, effects; cast-off clothes.

=défroquer=, v.a., to unfrock.

se =défroquer=, v.r., to forsake, to renounce one’s order (of monks).

=défruiter=, v.a., to strip of its fruit.

=défuner=, v.a., (nav.) to strip (a mast).

=défunt=, =-e=, adj., defunct, deceased, late. Les enfants du —; the deceased’s children.

=dégagé=, =-e=, part., disengaged; redeemed (of a pledge); flippant; bold; easy; slender, graceful. Chambre —e; room that has a back-door. Escalier —; back stairs. Taille —e; free, easy figure (pers.). Air —; free, easy way or manner.

=dégagement= (-gaj-mān), n.m., redeeming, disengagement, clearance; (fenc.) disengaging; release, liberation, discharge. Le — d’effets déposés au mont-de-piété; the redeeming of articles at the pawnbroker’s. Le — de sa parole; the calling in of one’s word. Le — de la voie publique; the clearing of the street. Le — de la poitrine; the easing of the chest. Escalier de —; private staircase. Tuyau de —; waste pipe.

=dégager=, v.a., to redeem; to take out of pawn; to free, to clear, to disengage, to extricate, to disentangle, to separate; to evolve; to deliver, to rescue. — sa parole; to redeem one’s word; to withdraw one’s word. — quelqu’un de sa parole; to release any one from his word. — une porte; to clear a doorway. — la tête, la poitrine; to ease, relieve, or lighten the head, the chest. Il l’a dégagé de ses ennemis; he rescued him from his enemies. Je le dégageai de ses liens; I freed him from his bonds. — le fer; (fenc.) to disengage. Cet habit dégage la taille; that coat shows off the figure to advantage. — les cheveux; to disentangle the hair.

se =dégager=, v.r., to be cleared from; to extricate, to disengage, to free, to disentangle, to loose one’s self; to break loose; to get away, to get clear; (chem.) to be evolved.

=dégaine=, n.f., (fam.) awkwardness; ridiculous manners, deportment, awkward gait, &c. Quelle —! what a figure for you.

=dégainer=, n.m., unsheathing, drawing (of a sword). Être brave jusqu’au —; to be brave till it comes to the push.

=dégainer=, v.a., to draw, to unsheath one’s sword; to fork out.

=dégaineur=, n.m., fighter, bully, quarrelsome fellow, professed duelist.

=dégaler=, v.a., to pick clean (of skins).

=dégalonner=, v.a., to unlace, unstrip.

=déganter=, v.a., to pull off gloves.

se =déganter=, v.r., to take off one’s gloves.

=dégarni=, =-e=, adj., unfinished; bare, naked; empty.

=dégarnir=, v.a., to untrim, to unfurnish, to strip; to thin; to uncover; to dismantle. — une chambre, une maison; to unfurnish a room, a house. — le cabestan; (nav.) to unring the capstan. — un vaisseau de ses agrès; to strip a vessel of its rigging. — un arbre; to thin a tree. — une robe; to untrim a gown.

se =dégarnir=, v.r., to strip one’s self; to empty, become empty; to grow thin; to lose; to part with; to wear lighter clothes. Sa tête se dégarnit; his hair is growing thin. La salle se dégarnit; the house is getting empty. Il ne faut pas trop se hâter de se —; people should not be in too great a hurry to put on lighter clothing.

=dégasconner=, v.a., to teach a Gascon to speak good French, to acquire French manners, &c.

se =dégasconner=, v.r., to lose the Gascon accent.

=dégât=, n.m., havoc, damage, depredation, waste, ravage. La grêle a fait un grand —; the hail has caused great havoc. Faire le —; to ravage.

=dégauchi=, =-e=, adj., planed, smoothed, straightened.

=dégauchir=, v.a., to smooth, to plane, to level, to straighten; to form, to polish. — un jeune homme; to polish a young man.

=dégauchissage= or =dégauchissement= (-shis-mān), n.m., planing, straightening, leveling, smoothing.

=dégazer=, v.a., (chem.) to free from gas.

=dégazonnement=, n.m., unturfing.

=dégazonner=, v.a., to unturf.

=dégel=, n.m., thaw. Avoir du —; to have a thaw. Être au —; to be thawing (of the weather). Le vent est au —; the wind will bring on a thaw.

=dégeler= (dé-jlé), v.a.n., to thaw.

se =dégeler=, v.r., to thaw.

☉=dégénérat-eur=, =-rice=, adj., degenerating.

=dégénération=, n.f., degeneration; degeneracy, deterioration.

=dégénérer=, v.n., to decline, to degenerate, to fall away (from). — de ses ancêtres; to degenerate from one’s ancestors.

=dégénérescence=, n.f., (med.). V. =dégénération=.

=dégénérescent=, =-e=, adj., degenerating.

=dégingandé=, =-e=, adj., tottering; awkward; gawky; swinging in one’s gait; clumsy; ill-formed; unconnected; disjointed.

se =dégingander=, v.r., to get out of shape; to swing about.

=dégîter=, v.a., (hunt.) to dislodge, to start.

=dégluer=, v.a., to take off the bird-lime; to unglue.

se =dégluer=, v.r., to get rid of bird-lime; to get unglued or cleared (of the eyes).

=déglutition=, n.f., deglutition, swallowing.

*=dégobiller=, v.a., (l.ex.) to bring up; to puke, to spew, to vomit, to throw up.

*=dégobillis=, n.m., (l.ex.) vomit, spew.

=dégoiser=, v.a.n., ☉to chirp, to twitter; to rattle; to blab out; to chatter; to prattle. En dégoise-t-elle! how she does rattle on, to be sure! Il a dégoisé tout ce qu’il sait; he blabbed out all he knew.

=dégommage=, n.m., ungumming.

=dégommer=, v.a., (dy.) to wash out the gum; (pop.) to turn out of office; to oust; to kill.

=dégonder=, v.a., to unhinge, to take from its hinge.

se =dégonder=, v.r., to come unhinged, to come off its hinges.

=dégonflement=, n.m., subsiding, falling, collapsing; reduction.

=dégonfler=, v.a., to cause a thing to collapse, to reduce a swelling; to discharge the gas from a balloon.

se =dégonfler=, v.r., to go down, to be reduced, to subside, to unbosom one’s self.

=dégor=, n.m., a discharging tube.

=dégorgement=, n.m., breaking out, overflowing; unstopping; outfall, outflow. — d’un tuyau; cleansing, unstopping of a pipe.

=dégorgeoir= (-joar), n.m., priming-iron, vent-bit (for guns); outlet, issue; spout.

=dégorger=, v.a., to clear, to open; to cleanse, to scour.

=dégorger=, v.n., to discharge one’s self, to overflow. Faire —; to purge (fish); (fig.) to make any one stump up.

se =dégorger=, v.r., to discharge, to empty itself; to get unstopped, to get clear.

=dégoter=, v.a., (pop.) to knock down; to oust, to displace, to push off.

=dégourdi=, =-e=, adj., quick, sharp, acute, shrewd (pers.); tepid (water). C’est un homme bien —; he is a shrewd fellow.

=dégourdi=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., quick, sharp, acute, shrewd man or boy; pert, forward woman or girl.

=dégourdir=, v.a., to quicken, to revive; to sharpen, to render shrewd; to polish. — ses jambes; to stretch one’s limbs. Faire — de l’eau; to take the chill off water. — un jeune homme; to polish a young man.

se =dégourdir=, v.r., to remove the numbness from; to lose the numbness of; to stretch one’s self; to become sharp, polished, shrewd; to brighten up.

=dégourdissement= (-dis-mān), n.m., removal of numbness; return of circulation; quickening, reviving.

=dégoût=, n.m., disgust, disrelish, loathing; dislike, distaste; mortification. Il lui a pris du — pour la viande; he has taken a dislike to meat. Avoir du — pour la vie; to be disgusted with life. On lui a donné bien des —s; they made him swallow many a bitter pill.

=dégoûtant=, =-e=, adj., disgusting, loathsome, distasteful, nauseous, sickening; unpleasant, disheartening. Plaie —; disgusting sore.

=dégoûté=, =-e=, n. and adj., fastidious person, fastidious. Faire le —; to be squeamish, fastidious. C’est un bon —; he likes good things. Vous n’êtes pas —! you’re not at all particular! I should rather think so!

=dégoûter=, v.a., to disgust; to put out of conceit. Cela est bien fait pour — quelqu’un du métier; that is well calculated to disgust any one with the trade. Il est dégoûté de la vie; he is disgusted with life.

se =dégoûter=, v.r., to take a disgust, a dislike, a distaste to; to nauseate, to dislike, to lose courage, to be disheartened.

=dégouttant=, =-e=, adj., dropping, dripping.

=dégouttement=, n.m., dripping, falling in drops.

=dégoutter=, v.n., to drop, to trickle, to drip, to dribble. La sueur lui dégouttait du front; the perspiration was rolling off his forehead. Faire — du beurre sur de la viande; to drip butter upon meat.

=dégradant=, =-e=, adj., degrading, debasing.

=dégradation=, n.f., degradation; (mil.) cashiering, drumming out; damage, dilapidation; (jur.) waste; (paint.) diminution of light and shade.

=dégrader=, v.a., to debase, to degrade, to deface, to strip; (paint.) to diminish the light and shade; to damage, to dilapidate; (mil.) to cashier, to drum out. — un bois, une maison; to damage a wood, a house. Le temps a dégradé ce monument; time has defaced that monument.

se =dégrader=, v.r., to degrade, to debase, to disgrace one’s self; to become damaged, defaced, dilapidated; (jur.) to waste.

=dégrafer=, v.a., to unclasp, to unhook.

se =dégrafer=, v.r., to become unhooked, unfastened (of garments); to unbutton, unhook, unfasten one’s clothes.

=dégraissage= or =dégraissement=, n.m., cleaning, scouring.

=dégraisser=, v.a., to scour, to remove greasy stains; to fleece any one; to impoverish land, to carry off the soil; (carp.) to beard, to thin; (cook.) to remove fat. — un bouillon; to skim the fat off broth. — un habit; to clean a coat. La poudre dégraisse les cheveux; powder cleans the hair. Terre à —; fuller’s earth. Les ravines dégraissent les terres; torrents impoverish land (by carrying off the soil).

=dégraisseur=, n.m., scourer, cleaner.

=dégraissis=, n.m., scourings.

=dégraissoir=, n.m., scraper.

=dégravoiement= or =dégravoîment=, n.m., (arch.) baring, laying bare (by water).

=dégravoyer=, v.a., (arch.) to wash away, to bare, to lay bare (of water).

=degré=, n.m., step, stair, staircase; stage, grade, gradation; degree, point, extent, pitch; (astron., geol., gram., math., phys.) degree; (of universities) degree. À un très haut —; to a very great extent. Par —s; gradually. Au suprême —; in the highest degree.

=dégréement=, n.m., (nav.) unrigging.

=dégréer=, v.a., (nav.) to unrig. — un mât; to strip a mast.

=dégrèvement= (-grèv-mān), n.m., reduction, relief; disencumbrance; redemption.

=dégrever=, v.a., to diminish, to reduce (a tax); to disencumber, to free, to redeem.

=dégringolade=, n.f., fall, tumble.

=dégringoler=, v.n., to run down, to tumble down; to topple down or over; to go from bad to worse; to go to the dogs.

=dégrisement= (-griz-mān), n.m., (fam.) sobering, getting sober; cooling down.

=dégriser=, v.a., to sober; to cool, to bring to one’s senses.

se =dégriser=, v.r., to sober down; to come to one’s senses; to cool down; to lose one’s illusions.

=dégrossage=, n.m., drawing fine; (wire-drawing) reducing, thinning.

=dégrosser=, v.a., to reduce; to thin (ingots).

=dégrossi=, n.m., (arts) roughing, rough-hewing, roughing down; dressing, drawing.

=dégrossir=, v.a., to chip, to chip off the grosser parts; to rough-hew, to hew down; to clear up, to unravel; to make a rough sketch of. — un bloc de marbre; to chip a block of marble.

=dégrossissage=, n.m., (arts) roughing, rough-hewing; roughening down; (carp.) dressing, trimming.

*=déguenillé=, =-e= (dég-ni-ié), n.m.f. and adj., tatterdemalion, ragged person; tattered, ragged, in rags. Un grand —; a big tatterdemalion. Quelle est cette petite —e? who is that little girl in rags and tatters? Elle était toute —e; she was in rags and tatters. Un habit —; a ragged coat.

=déguerpir=, v.a., (jur.) to quit, to give up.

=déguerpir= (-ghèr-), v.n., to pack off, to move off; to be gone. Je le ferai bien —; I’ll make him pack off. — au plus vite; to be gone as fast as possible.

=déguerpissement= (-ghèr-pis-mān), n.m., (jur.) quitting; yielding, giving over, departure, removal.

=dégueuler= (-gheu-), v.n., (l.ex.) to spew, to vomit.

*=déguignonner= (-ghi-), v.a., to change ill-luck, to bring better luck to.

=déguisement= (-ghiz-mān), n.m., concealment, disguise. Parlez sans —; speak openly.

=déguisable=, adj., disguisable, concealable.

=déguiser= (-ghi-), v.a., to disguise, to conceal, to hide. On le déguisa en femme; they disguised him as a woman.

se =déguiser=, v.r., to disguise one’s self; to conceal from one’s self.

=dégustateur=, n.m., taster (of wines).

=dégustation=, n.f., tasting (of wines).

=déguster=, v.a., to taste (wines); to sip. Se —; to be tasted, to be sipped.

=déhaler=, v.n., (nav.) to tow out or back out.

=déhâler=, v.a., to take off sun-burns.

se =déhâler=, v.r., to clear one’s complexion.

=déhanché=, =-e=, adj., hipped, hipshot; (fig.) ungainly. n.m.f., hipshot person; ungainly man, woman or girl.

=déhanchement=, n.m., swinging about; twisting about.

se =déhancher=, v.r., to waddle, to swing about, to twist one’s body about.

=déharnachement= (-nash-mān), n.m., unharnessing.

=déharnacher=, v.a., to unharness.

=déhiscence=, n.f., (bot.) dehiscence.

=déhiscent=, =-e=, adj., (bot.) dehiscent.

=déhonté=, =-e=, adj., shameless, unabashed, C’est un homme —; he is a man destitute of shame.

=dehors= (dĕ-or), adv., out, without, out of doors, abroad, externally; (nav.) out, at sea. En —; without, outside. Au —; outwardly. De —; from without. Au dedans et au —; at home and abroad. Mettre quelqu’un —; to turn any one out of doors.

=dehors=, n.m., outside, exterior. pl., appearances; (fort.) outworks; dependencies, approaches, grounds (of a house). Sauver les —; to save appearances.

=déhortatoire=, adj., dehortatory.

=déicide=, n.m., deicide.

=déification=, n.f., deification.

=déifier=, v.a., to deify.

=déisme=, n.m., deism.

=déiste=, n.m., deist.

=déiste=, adj., deistical.

=déité=, n.f., deity, god, goddess, divinity.

=déjà=, adv., already, before, yet. Pas — si; not so very, not so great. Pas — tant; not so very much.

=déjection=, n.f., (med.) dejection; ejection, evacuation.

=déjeté=, =-e=, part., adj., warped, sprung.

se =déjeter=, v.r., to warp (of wood); (med.) to deviate.

=déjettement= (dé-jèt-mān), n.m., warping; deviation.

=déjeuner= or =déjeuné=, n.m., breakfast, breakfast-service. — à la fourchette; meat breakfast. Second —; luncheon. Un — de porcelaine; a porcelain breakfast-service.

=déjeuner=, v.n., to breakfast.

=déjoindre=, v.a., to disjoin, to disunite, to sever.

se =déjoindre=, v.r., to become disjoined, to separate, to part, to come apart.

=déjouer=, v.a., to baffle, to frustrate, to foil. — un projet; to baffle a project. — quelqu’un; to baffle any one, to foil any one.

=déjouer=, v.n., (fam.) to play badly; (nav.) to wave, to flutter (of the flag).

=déjucher=, v.n.a., to unroost, to come down from the roost. Je vous ferai bien — de là; I will make you come down from there.

=déjuger=, v.a., to judge differently.

se =déjuger=, v.r., to change, to reverse one’s opinion.

=delà=, prep., beyond; farther than, on the other side of. Au —, de —, par —, en —; beyond, further on, upwards. Deçà et —; right and left; all about. Jambe deçà, jambe —; one leg this side, the other that side.

=délabré=, =-e=, part., tattered, in rags, shabby, seedy; (of things) tumbledown, ramshackle. Une santé —e; shattered health. Un navire —; a dismantled vessel. Terre —e; land gone to waste. Un estomac —; a disordered stomach. Être —; to be all in tatters.

=délabrement=, n.m., ruin, decay, dilapidation; shabbiness, raggedness.

=délabrer=, v.a., to shatter, to ruin, to pull to pieces, to destroy, to tear to tatters.

se =délabrer=, v.r., to fall to tatters, to pieces, to go to ruin; to decay. Tous mes meubles se délabrent; all my furniture is going to wrack and ruin.

=délacer=, v.a., to unlace. — un corset; to unlace stays.

se =délacer=, v.r., to unlace one’s self; to come undone (of stays, strings, etc.).

=délai=, n.m., delay, extension of time, reprieve. User de —s; to put off, to procrastinate. Dans un — de; within (a given time).

=délaiement=, n.m., diluting.

=délaissé=, =-e=, part., abandoned, forlorn, forsaken, friendless. Des orphelins —s; helpless orphans.

=délaissement= (-lès-mān), n.m., destitution, forlornness, helplessness, desertion; (jur.) abandonment to a mortgagee.

=délaisser=, v.a., to forsake, to abandon; to cast off, to desert, to leave, to relinquish. Se —; to give up one’s property (in favor of another).

=délardement=, n.m., (arch.) unlarding; splay, slope, beveling, chamfering.

=délarder=, v.a., (arch.) to unlard, to splay, to bevel, to chamfer.

=délassement= (-lâs-mān), n.m., remission of attention or application, relaxation; repose, recreation, diversion.

=délasser=, v.a., to refresh, to relax, to divert. Le sommeil vous délasse; sleep refreshes one. Un changement d’occupation délasse l’esprit; a change of occupation relaxes the mind.

se =délasser=, v.r., to refresh one’s self, to rest.

=délat-eur=, n.m., =-rice=, n.f., informer, denouncer, accuser.

=délation=, n.f., information, denunciation, informing.

=délatter=, v.a., to unlath.

=délavage=, n.m., diluting of color (in drawing and water-color painting); soaking.

=délavé=, =-e=, adj., weak, pale, dim (of gems); diluted (of colors).

=délaver=, v.a., to dilute color (in drawing and water-color painting); to soak, imbibe with water.

se =délaver=, v.r., to become soaked, imbibed with water; to lose color.

=délayable=, adj., dilutable.

=délayage=, n.m., diluting, dilution.

=délayant=, n.m., (med.) diluent.

=délayant=, =-e=, adj., (med.) diluent.

=délayement= (-lè-i-mān), n.m., diluting.

=délayer=, v.a., to dilute; to temper (lime); to spin out.

=déléatur=, n.m., (—) (print.) dele.

=délectable=, adj., delicious, delectable, delightful.

=délectablement=, adv., deliciously, delightfully.

=délectation=, n.f., delectation, delight, gratification.

=délecter=, v.a., (l.u.) to delight.

se =délecter=, v.r., to take delight. Se — à l’étude; to delight in study.

=délégant= or =délégat-eur=, n.m., =-e=, =-rice=, n.f., delegator.

=délégataire=, n.m.f., delegatee.

=délégation=, n.f., delegation, assignment; proxy.

=délégatoire=, adj., delegatory.

=délégué= (-ghé), n.m., delegate, deputy; proxy.

=délégué=, =-e=, adj., delegated.

=déléguer= (-ghé), v.a., to delegate; to assign. — son autorité; to delegate one’s authority.

se =déléguer=, v.r., to be delegated, assigned.

=délestage=, n.m., (nav.) unballasting.

=délester=, v.a., to unballast.

=délesteur=, n.m., (nav.) ballast-heaver, ballast-lighter.

=délétère=, adj., deleterious.

=délibérant=, =-e=, adj., deliberative.

=délibérati-f=, =-ve=, adj., deliberative.

=délibération=, n.f., deliberation; resolution. Mettre en —; to bring under deliberation.

=délibéré=, =-e=, adj., deliberate, bold, decided, resolute. Marcher d’un pas —; to walk resolutely. De propos —; with set purpose, designedly, purposely.

=délibéré=, n.m., (jur.) deliberation.

=délibérément=, adv., deliberately, boldly, resolutely.

=délibérer=, v.n., to deliberate; to determine, to resolve. Il n’y a pas lieu à —; there is no occasion for deliberating. Il en sera délibéré; it shall be taken into consideration.

=délicat=, =-e=, adj., delicate, weak, dainty, nice, touchy, fastidious, ticklish. Vous êtes bien —; you are very fastidious. Faire le —; to be fastidious. Affaire —e; ticklish affair. Il est — sur le point d’honneur; he is very tender on points of honor. Il est — sur le manger; he is very dainty.

=délicatement= (-kat-mān), adv., delicately, daintily, tenderly. Peu —; indelicately.

☉=délicater=, v.a., to cocker, to fondle, to pamper. V. =dorloter=.

se =délicater=, v.r., to nurse one’s self, to indulge one’s self.

=délicatesse=, n.f., delicacy; tenderness; daintiness, scrupulousness, refinement; nicety (of language); ticklishness; squeamishness; considerateness. pl., dainties. Les —s d’une langue; the niceties of a language. Avoir une grande — de conscience; to have a very scrupulous conscience. Ce serait une — de votre part; it would be very nice of you.

=délice=, n.m.sing., =délices=, n.f.pl., delight, pleasure; deliciousness. Goûter les —s de la vie; to enjoy the delights of life. Faire ses —s d’une chose; to delight in a thing. Je faisais les —s de ma mère; I was my mother’s darling.

=délicieusement= (-eûz-mān), adv., deliciously, delightfully.

=délicieu-x=, =-se=, adj., delicious, delightful; capital. Cette histoire est —se; that’s a capital story.

se =délicoter=, v.r., (man.) to slip the halter.

=délictueu-x=, =-se=, adj., (jur.) unlawful, felonious.

=délié=, =-e=, adj., untied, loose; small, thin; light, easy, flowing (of style); slender, slim; cunning. Avoir l’esprit —; to be quick, shrewd. Avoir la langue —e; to have a voluble, glib tongue.

=délié=, n.m., (penmanship) thin stroke, up-stroke.

=délier=, v.a., to unbind; to untie; to liberate, to release, to absolve. — quelqu’un d’un serment; to free any one from an oath. On l’a délié de ses vœux; he was liberated from his vows.

se =délier=, v.r., to come untied, to get unfastened; to get loose.

=délimitation=, n.f., settling the limits, fixing the boundaries.

=délimiter=, v.a., to settle the boundaries, fix the limits.

=délinéation=, n.f., delineation.

=délinéer=, v.a., to delineate.

=délinquant=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., delinquent, offender.

☉=délinquer=, v.n., (jur.) to offend, to trespass.

=déliot=, n.m., finger-stall, thumb-stall.

=déliquescence= (-kès-sānss), n.f., (chem.) deliquescence.

=déliquescent=, =-e=, adj., (chem.) deliquescent.

=deliquium= (-kui-om), n.m., (chem.) deliquium.

=délirant=, =-e=, n. and adj., (med.) one who is delirious; delirious, frenzied, frantic; maddening, rapturous.

=délire=, n.m., delirium, frenzy, folly, deliriousness. Avoir le —; to rave. Tomber en —; to become delirious.

=délirer=, v.n., to be delirious, to rave, to wander.

=delirium tremens= (de-li-riom tré-mīnss), n.m., (n.p.) (med.) delirium tremens.

=délissage=, n.m., roughing, ruffling; sorting (of rags).

=délisser=, v.a., to rough, ruffle, sort.

=délisseu-r=, =-se=, n.m.f., sorter (of rags).

=délit=, n.m., misdemeanor, delinquency, offense; (mas.) wrong bed (of stone). En flagrant —; in the very act.

=déliter=, v.a., (mas.) to surbed (stones).

se =déliter=, v.r., to break in the grain; to cleave; to scale off.

=délitescence= (-tès-sāns), n.f., (med.) delitescence.

=délivrance=, n.f., deliverance, delivery; rescue, relief.

=délivre=, n.m., (anat.) after-birth; heam (of animals).

=délivrer=, v.a., to deliver, to release, to set free; to rid of, to hand over. — de prison; to release from prison. — de la marchandise; to deliver goods. Se faire —; to obtain, to take out.

se =délivrer=, v.r., to deliver one’s self, to free one’s self.

=délivreur=, n.m., deliverer; rescuer; (man.) ostler; groom; (techn.) one of the two drums of a cotton-machine.

=délogement= (-loj-mān), n.m., removal; change of quarters, departure, decamping.

=déloger=, v.n., to remove, to quit, to go from one’s house; to go away, to march off. — sans tambour ni trompette; to march off in silence, to steal away; to decamp quietly, to bolt in the night.

=déloger=, v.a., to turn out (of house); to oust; to drive away; (milit.) to dislodge.

=délové=, adj., (nav.) uncoiled (of rope).

=délover=, v.a., (nav.) to uncoil.

=déloyal=, =-e=, adj., disloyal, false, treacherous, unfair.

=déloyalement= (dé-loa-yal-mān), adv., disloyally, treacherously.

=déloyauté=, n.f., dishonesty, perfidiousness, treachery.

=delta=, n.m., (geog.) delta.

=deltoïde=, adj., (anat., bot.) deltoid.

=déluge=, n.m., deluge, flood. Un — de larmes; a flood of tears. Un — de paroles; a torrent of words.

=déluré=, adj., wide-awake, sharp.

=délustrer=, v.a., to take off the luster, the gloss of.

=déluter=, v.a., to unlute.

=démagogie=, n.f., demagogism.

=démagogique=, adj., demagogic, demagogical.

=démagogue= (-gog), n.m.f., demagogue.

=démaigrir=, v.n., (jest.) to recover flesh.

=démaigrir=, v.a., (arch.) to thin.

=démailler=, v.a., to undo the meshes of.

se =démailler=, v.r., to become undone.

*=démailloter=, v.a., to unswathe.

=demain=, adv., to-morrow. — matin; to-morrow morning. — soir; to-morrow night. Après —; the day after to-morrow. À — les affaires! we will talk of business another day!

=demain=, n.m., to-morrow. Avec lui c’est toujours —; he is always putting off, procrastinating.

=démanché=, =-e=, adj., off the handle; (fig.) ungainly, loose, dislocated, unconnected, disjointed.

=démanché=, n.m., an ungainly fellow; (mus.) shift.

=démanchement= (-mansh-mān), n.m., taking off (a handle); unhafting; (mus.) shift.

=démancher=, v.a., to take off the handle, to unhaft.

se =démancher=, v.r., to lose its handle; to go wrong; (mus.) to shift.

=démancher=, v.n., (nav.) to get out of the channel; (mus.) to shift.

=demande=, n.f., question, query, request, petition; demand, suit, inquiry; (com.) order, proposal; (mus.) subject of a fugue. Faire sa — par écrit; to present one’s request in writing. Appuyer une —; to second a request. À sotte — point de réponse; a silly question needs no answer.

=demander=, v.a., to ask, to beg, to request, to solicit, to sue for, to demand; (jur.) to pray; to desire; to wish, to want; to ask for, to call for; to inquire after; to require; (com.) to order. Faire —; to ask for. — l’aumône; to ask for alms. — son pain; to beg one’s bread. Que demandez-vous? what do you want? N’est-il venu personne me —? has nobody called for me? On vous demande; you are wanted. Cela demande une explication; that requires an explanation. On demande; wanted. Ne pas — mieux; to ask for nothing better; to be only too glad; to be most happy to.

=demander=, v.n., to ask, to beg; to wish, to request; to require, to demand.

se =demander=, v.r., to ask one’s self, to wonder.

=demandeu-r=, n.m., =-se=, n.f., asker; applicant. À beau — beau refuseur; diamond cut diamond.

=demande-ur=, n.m., =-resse=, n.f., (jur.) demandant, plaintiff.

=démangeaison= (-jè-zon), n.f., itching; longing. Avoir une grande — de parler; to be dying to talk.

=démanger=, v.n., to itch; to long. La tête me démange; my head itches. Les pieds lui démangent; he longs to go out.

=démanteler= (-man-tlé), v.a., (milit.) to dismantle.

=démantellement= (tèl-mān), n.m., (fort., milit.) dismantling.

=démantibuler=, v.a., to break, to dislocate; to put out of order.

=démarcation=, n.f., demarcation. Ligne de —; line of demarcation.

=démarche=, n.f., gait, walk; proceeding, measure; step, course; application, overture. — noble; noble bearing. Faire une —; to take a step; to make an application. On observe toutes ses —s; all his steps are dogged.

=démarier=, v.a., to annul a marriage.

se =démarier=, v.r., to get unmarried.

=démarquer=, v.a., to unmark.

=démarquer=, v.n., to lose the mark of its age (of a horse).

=démarrage=, n.m., unmooring.

=démarrer=, v.a., to unmoor. — un cordage; to unbend a rope.

=démarrer=, v.n., to leave, to slip her moorings (of a ship); to move, to stir, to get away.

=démasquer=, v.a., to unmask; to show up. — une batterie; to unmask a battery.

se =démasquer=, v.r., to unmask, to take off one’s mask. Il s’est démasqué; he has pulled off his mask.

=démâtage=, n.m., (nav.) dismasting.

=démâter=, v.a., to dismast.

=démâter=, v.n., to lose her masts (of a ship).

=démêlage=, n.m., combing (of wool).

=démêlé=, n.m., strife, contest, contention, quarrel. Leur — est fini; their difference is at an end.

=démêler=, v.a., to disentangle, to separate; to contest; to distinguish; to discern, to clear up, to penetrate, to fathom, to unravel, to extricate; to untwist, to unfold; to comb out. Avoir à — avec; to have to do with. Je ne veux rien avoir à — avec lui; I will have nothing to do with him. — le vrai d’avec le faux; to distinguish truth from falsehood.

se =démêler=, v.r., to be unraveled; to be disentangled, to extricate one’s self; to get clear of, to comb one’s hair.

=démêloir=, n.m., large tooth-comb.

=démembrement=, n.m., dismemberment; dismembered part.

=démembrer=, v.a., to tear limb from limb; to dismember, to disjoint.

=déménagement= (-naj-mān), n.m., household removal, removing, change of residence. Voiture de —; furniture van.

=déménager=, v.a., to remove one’s furniture.

=déménager=, v.n., to remove (to change one’s residence). Sa raison déménage; he is getting childish.

=déménageur=, n.m., furniture-remover.

=démence=, n.f., insanity, madness, lunacy, mental aberration. Tomber en —; to become insane.

se =démener=, v.r., to stir, to struggle, to make a great fuss, to strive hard, to toil and moil. Se — avec vigueur; to struggle vigorously.

=démenti=, n.m., lie; flat contradiction, disappointment. Donner un — à quelqu’un; to give any one the lie. Vous en aurez le —; you will get the worst of it, be worsted.

=démentir=, v.a., to give the lie to, to contradict; to deny; to belie, to refute. Démentirez-vous votre signature? will you deny your signature? — sa gloire; to belie one’s fame. Ses actions démentent ses discours; his actions belie his language.

se =démentir=, v.r., to contradict one’s self; to belie one’s self; to fall off, to flag, to give way. Cet ouvrage se dément un peu vers la fin; this work falls off, flags, a little towards the end.

=démérite=, n.m., demerit.

=démériter=, v.n., to demerit. Je n’ai point démérité de vous, auprès de vous; I have done nothing to forfeit your esteem.

=démesuré=, =-e=, adj., huge, immoderate; inordinate, unbounded, excessive. Il a une envie —e de vous voir; he is dying to see you.

=démesurément=, adv., immoderately, inordinately, excessively, hugely.

=démettre=, v.a., to put out of joint, to dislocate; to dismiss; to turn out; (jur.) to overrule, to nonsuit.

se =démettre=, v.r., to be put out of joint; to resign, to throw up (an appointment). Il s’est démis le poignet; he has dislocated his wrist. Se — de son emploi; to resign one’s position.

=démeublement=, n.m., unfurnishing; absence of furniture.

=démeubler=, v.a., to unfurnish, to strip of furniture.

=demeurant=, n.m., remainder, residue.

au =demeurant=, adv., in other respects; after all, otherwise.

=demeurant=, =-e=, adj., (jur.) dwelling, living, abiding.

=demeure=, n.f., abode, home, dwelling, lodgings; stay; (jur.) delay. Changer sa —, de —; to change one’s lodgings. En —; behindhand; in arrears. Mettre en —; (jur.) to summon, to compel, to lay under the necessity. Être à —; to be a fixture, stationary. Cela n’est pas à —; that is only temporary. Péril en la —; danger in delay.

=demeurer=, v.n., to live, to lodge, to reside; to continue, to remain, to rest; to stay; to stand, to stop. — à la campagne; to live in the country. — en arrière; to stay behind. — sur son appétit; not to fully satisfy one’s appetite. Où en êtes-vous demeuré? where did you leave off? Demeurons-en là; let us keep to that, let us stop there. La victoire nous est demeurée; victory remained with us. — d’accord; to agree.

=demi=, n.m., (arith.) half. Deux demies font un entier; two halves make a whole.

=demi=, =-e=, adj., half. Un demi-pied; half a foot. Demi-soupir; (mus.) quaver rest. Un pied et —; a foot and a half. Une demi-heure; half an hour. Une heure et —e; an hour and a half. Entendre à demi-mot, (—-—s) to take in any one’s meaning at once. Demi-cercle, (—-—s) semi-circle. En demi-cercle; semi-circular. Demi-dieu, (—-—x) demi-god. À fourbe, fourbe et —; set a thief to catch a thief. N’en pas faire à —; not to stop half-way; to go right through with.

=demi=, adv., half. Il est à —-fou; he is half mad. Faire les choses à —; to do things by halves.

=demie=, n.f., the half-hour.

=démieller=, v.a., to take the honey off.

=demi-bain=, n.m., hip-bath.

=demi-fleuron=, n.m., (—-—s). V. =fleuron=.

=demi-fortune=, n.f., (—-—s) four-wheeled one-horse carriage.

=demi-jour=, n.m., twilight.

=demi-lune=, n.f., (—-—) (fort.) crescent, half-moon.

☉=demi-métal=, n.m., semi-metal.

=demi-mot=, n.m., hint.

=demi-pension=, n.f., half-board, partial-board.

=demi-setier=, n.m., (—-—s) half a pint English.

=demi-solde=, n.f., (n.p.) half-pay. Officier en —; half-pay officer.

=démission=, n.f., resignation. Donner sa —; to send in one’s resignation, to resign. Offrir sa —; to tender one’s resignation.

=démissionnaire=, n.m.f., resigner. Il est —; he has resigned his position.

=démissionnaire=, adj., who has resigned, thrown up (his commission), vacated his seat.

=démissionner=, v.n., to resign.

=démitrer=, v.a., (l.u.) to unmitre.

=démobiliser=, v.a., to demobilize.

=démocrate=, n.m.f., democrat.

=démocratie=, n.f., democracy.

=démocratique=, adj., democratic.

=démocratiquement=, adv., democratically.

=démocratiser=, v.a.n., to democratize.

se =démocratiser=, v.r., to become democratized.

=démodé=, =-e=, adj., out of fashion, antiquated, old-fashioned.

=demoiselle=, n.f., young lady; unmarried lady; young girl; gentlewoman; hot water-bottle; dragon-fly; (orni.) Numidian crane; paving-beetle.

=démolir=, v.a., to demolish, to pull down, to subvert, to overthrow, to destroy. Je l’ai démoli; I floored him.

=démolisseur=, n.m., demolisher, subverter.

=démolition=, n.f., demolition. pl., old building materials. Par suite de —s; because of the pulling down of the building.

=démon=, n.m., devil, fiend; demon; genius. Petit —; little demon (child). Faire le —; to play the devil. Quel — vous agite? what evil spirit torments you?

=démonétisation=, n.f., withdrawal from circulation (of money); calling in.

=démonétiser=, v.a., to withdraw from circulation; to call in (money).

=démoniaque=, adj., demoniacal, demoniac.

=démoniaque=, n.m.f., demoniac, demon, devil.

=démonographe=, n.m., demonographer.

=démonographie=, n.f., demonology.

=démonologie=, n.f., demonology.

=démonomanie=, n.f., demonomania.

=démonstrateur=, n.m., demonstrator, lecturer.

=démonstrati-f=, =-ve=, adj., demonstrative.

=démonstration=, n.f., demonstration, proof.

=démonstrativement= (-tiv-mān), adv., demonstratively.

=démontable=, adj., that can be taken to pieces.

=démontage=, n.m., taking to pieces.

=démonter=, v.a., to dismount, to unhorse; to nonplus, to baffle; to alter (one’s countenance); to take to pieces, to undo; (nav.) to supersede, to unship. — le gouvernail; to unship the rudder. — un capitaine; to supersede a captain.

se =démonter=, v.r., that may be taken to pieces (of machinery); to lose one’s countenance; to be unhinged; to be nonplused or disconcerted; to be getting out of order or of gear (of machinery); to become impaired (of the health).

=démontrable=, adj., demonstrable.

=démontrer=, v.a., to demonstrate, to prove.

=démoralisat-eur=, =-rice=, adj., corrupting, demoralizing.

=démoralisation=, n.f., demoralization.

=démoraliser=, v.a., to demoralize.

☉=démoraliseur=, n.m., corrupter.

=démordre=, v.n., to let go one’s hold; to depart, to desist, to retract, to yield. Faire — quelqu’un; to make one change his resolution. Il n’en démordra pas; he will not abate an inch, he will stick to.

=démotique=, adj., demotic.

=démoucheter=, v.a., to take off the button of a foil, to uncap.

se =démoucheter=, v.r., to become uncapped.

=démoulage=, n.m., taking from the mold.

=démouler=, v.a., to take from the mold.

=démunir=, v.a., to strip a place of ammunition; to deprive; to leave unprovided.

se =démunir=, v.r., to deprive one’s self, to part with; to leave one’s self unprovided for.

=démurer=, v.a., to unwall, to open.

=démuseler= (-muz-lé), v.a., to unmuzzle.

=dénaire=, adj., denary.

=dénanti=, =-e=, adj., unsecured, unprovided; stripped, bare.

=dénantir=, v.a., to deprive of security.

se =dénantir=, v.r., to give up securities, to part with.

=dénationaliser=, v.a., to denationalize.

=dénatter=, v.a., to unmat.

=dénaturalisation=, n.f., denaturalization.

=dénaturaliser=, v.a., to denaturalize.

=dénaturation=, n.f., (chem.) debasement, misrepresentation; perversion, sophistication.

=dénaturé=, =-e=, adj., unnatural, barbarous, cruel.

=dénaturer=, v.a., to alter the nature of; to deface, to disfigure; to change, to misrepresent, to pervert, to distort; (chem.) to debase.

=dendrite= (din-), n.f., (min.) dendrite.

=déndroïde= (din-), adj., (bot.) dendroid.

=dénégation=, n.f., denial; (law) traverse.

=dénégatoire=, adj., (law) traversing.

=déni=, n.m., (jur.) denial, refusal. — de justice; refusal of justice.

=déniaisé=, =-e=, adj., sharpened, who has had his eyes opened, cunning. Un homme —; a cunning, crafty man.

=déniaiser=, v.a., to sharpen the wits of; to cheat, to take in, to dupe, to open the eyes of.

se =déniaiser=, v.r., to learn wit, to become sharp, to grow cunning.

=déniché=, =-e=, part., gone, flown. Les oiseaux sont —s; the birds have flown.

=dénicher=, v.a., to take out of its nest; to turn out; to hunt out; to find out. — une statue; to take a statue out of its niche.

=dénicher=, v.n., to forsake its nest (of a bird); to hasten away; to make off, to run away. Allons, il faut —; come, be off with you.

=dénicheur=, n.m., birds’-nester. Un — de merles; sharper. Un — de fauvettes; fortune-hunter; lady-killer.

=denier=, n.m., (antiq.) denarius; denier; money; farthing; mite; cash, funds; rate of interest; (pharm.) scruple; old French copper coin worth ⅟₁₃th of a farthing; (coin.) weight of a little above 1¼ grammes. — à Dieu; earnest money. A beaux —s comptants; in cash, in ready money. Les —s publics; the public money. ☉Au — vingt-cinq; four per cent. Le — de Saint Pierre; Peter’s pence. Le — de la veuve; the widow’s mite. Cet homme n’a pas un — vaillant; that man is not worth a farthing. Rendre compte à livres sous et —s; to account to the uttermost farthing.

=dénier=, v.a., to deny, to refuse. Se —; to be denied; to deny one’s self.

=dénigrant=, adj., disparaging.

=dénigrement=, n.m., vilifying, disparagement.

=dénigrer=, v.a., to disparage, to traduce, to vilify.

=dénombrement=, n.m., enumeration, census, list.

=dénombrer=, v.a., to number, to enumerate.

=dénominateur=, n.m., (arith.) denominator.

=dénominati-f=, =-ve=, adj., denominative.

=dénomination=, n.f., denomination, name.

=dénominer=, v.a., (jur.) to denominate, to mention by name.

=dénoncer=, v.a., to denounce, to inform against, to impeach, to announce, to lodge information against; to give notice, to proclaim, to declare.

=dénonciat-eur=, n.m., =-rice=, n.f., denunciator, informer, accuser.

=dénonciation=, n.f., denunciation, denouncement, declaration, intimation.

☉=dénotation=, n.f., denotation.

=dénoter=, v.a., to describe; to denote, to betoken.

=dénouement= or =dénoûment=, n.m., event, issue; denouement, catastrophe, unraveling; undoing, ending (of a play).

=dénouer=, v.a., to untie, to loose; to give elasticity; to solve (difficulties); to unravel (plots).

se =dénouer=, v.r., to untie, to unravel, to unfold, to clear up. Sa langue s’est dénouée à la fin; he has spoken out at last.

=denrée=, n.f., commodity, wares, provisions. Il vend bien sa —; he makes the most of his talents.

=dense=, adj., dense, close, thick.

=densité=, n.f., density, thickness.

=dent=, n.f., tooth; notch; cog; prong. —s de lait; first teeth. —s de sagesse; wisdom teeth. —s d’en haut; upper teeth. —s d’en bas; lower teeth. Faire ses —s; to cut one’s teeth. Les —s percent à cet enfant; that child is cutting his teeth. Les —s lui claquent; his teeth chatter. Serrer les —s; to set the teeth. Grincer des —s; to gnash the teeth. Une — qui branle; a loose tooth. Le mal de —s; the toothache. Avoir mal aux —s; to have a toothache. Les —s lui tombent; he is losing his teeth. L’alvéole d’une —; the socket of a tooth. Se curer les —s; to pick one’s teeth. Le fruit vert agace les —s; green fruit sets the teeth on edge. Une vieille sans —; a toothless hag. Armé jusqu’aux —s; armed to the teeth. N’avoir pas de quoi mettre sous la —; not to have a morsel to put in one’s mouth. Avoir une — contre quelqu’un; to have an old grudge against one. Déchirer à belles —s; to tear to pieces, to rend any one. Chacun lui donne un coup de —; every one has a fling at him. Être sur les —s; to be tired out, done up. Montrer les —s à quelqu’un; to show one’s teeth to any one. Ne pas desserrer les —s; not to open one’s lips. Parler entre ses —s; to speak betwixt one’s teeth. Parler des grosses —s; to talk big. Prendre le mors aux —s; to run away (of horses); to be earnest in business. Rire du bout des —s; to sham a laugh, to pretend to laugh. Murmurer entre ses —s; to mutter to one’s self. C’est vouloir prendre la lune avec les —s; it is aiming at impossibilities. Les —s d’une roue; the cogs of a wheel. Ce couteau a des —s; that knife is notched. Manger du bout des —s; to eat with no appetite, to play with one’s food. Avoir les —s bien longues; to be very hungry.

=dentaire=, adj., dental.

=dentaire=, n.f., (bot.) dentaria, toothwort.

=dental=, =-e=, adj., (gram.) dental.

=dentale=, n.m., (conch.) dentalium, dental, tooth-shell.

=dentale=, n.f., (gram.) dental.

=dent-de-lion=, n.m., (—s-—) dandelion.

=denté=, =-e=, adj., toothed; (bot.) dentated. Roue —e; cogged wheel. Feuille —e en scie; serrated leaf.

=dentée=, n.f., bite from a hound; rip (of a tusk).

=dentelaire=, n.f., (bot.) lead-wort.

=dentelé=, =-e= (dānt-lé), adj., notched, jagged, denticulated, toothed, indented.

=dentelé=, n.m., (anat.) denticulated muscle.

=denteler=, v.a., to indent, to notch, to jag, to tooth, to cog.

=dentelle=, n.f., lace, lace-work. Manchettes à —; lace ruffles.

=dentelli-er=, n.m., =-ère=, n.f., lace-man, lace-woman, lace-maker.

=dentelure= (dān-tlur), n.f., jagging, notching, denticulation, indenting.

=denticulé=, =-e=, adj., (bot.) denticulated, indented.

=denticules=, n.m.pl., (arch.) denticles.

=dentier= (-tié), n.m., set of teeth (natural or artificial).

=dentifrice=, n.m., dentifrice. adj., good for the teeth. Poudre —; tooth-powder.

=dentiste=, n.m., dentist.

=dentisterie=, n.f., dentistry.

=dentition=, n.f., dentition, cutting of teeth.