Heath's French and English dictionary (part 1 of 19)

Heath's French and English dictionary

HEATH’S FRENCH AND ENGLISH DICTIONARY

COMPILED FROM THE BEST AUTHORITIES IN BOTH LANGUAGES

REVISED AND CONSIDERABLY ENLARGED

BY JAMES BOÏELLE, B. A. (Univ. Gall.) OFFICIER D’ACADÉMIE, LATELY EXAMINER IN FRENCH IN THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON; CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF “LA SOCIÉTÉ DES GENS DE LETTRES DE FRANCE,” ETC., ETC.

AIDED BY DE V. PAYEN-PAYNE ASSISTANT-EXAMINER IN FRENCH IN THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON PRINCIPAL OF KENSINGTON COACHING COLLEGE AUTHOR OF “FRENCH IDIOMS AND PROVERBS”

D. C. HEATH & CO., PUBLISHERS BOSTON, NEW YORK, CHICAGO

COPYRIGHT, 1903, BY WILLIAM T. BELDING. ENTERED AT STATIONERS’ HALL, LONDON.

PREFACE TO REVISED EDITION.

When I was asked to undertake the preparation of this French Dictionary, I had no idea of the formidable nature of the task that lay before me. It was obvious, of course, that a very great deal would have to be done to bring up to date a dictionary of a living language that is ever growing, and in which new words and new meanings of words are being coined almost daily. But I found, in the course of the four and a half years during which I have been engaged upon the work, that it assumed proportions altogether undreamt of, and that I was virtually producing a new work.

Perhaps I may be permitted to direct attention to some of the features which distinguish the new edition.

Many thousands of new words and phrases, idioms and idiomatic expressions, proverbs and proverbial expressions, have been included. In a great many instances chapter and verse have been given. Two hundred columns of print have been added to the book.

For the words in the French-English part, I have closely followed the smaller Littré as well as Bescherelle, and have taken special care to give, as far as the compass of the Dictionary would allow, illustrative examples of the many and various meanings conveyed by the words under review. These various meanings have also been classified, as far as possible, under their respective heads. In the English-French portion I have, as far as the selection of words is concerned, closely followed the lines of Cassell’s English Dictionary. The latest classical, general, scientific, commercial, naval, and military terms are incorporated. In this part, too, the “notation” of the words has been carefully marked throughout and the pronunciation revised.

Among other features of the work which may justly, I think, be accounted improvements, I may mention the following, viz.: the different prepositions governing verbs have been printed in heavier type—thus simplifying one of the greatest difficulties of the language; the pronunciation of the words, where necessary, has been carefully indicated; and the list of geographical names of countries and places has been largely added to.

The work has occupied me, as I have said, for more than four years; but the process of revision has been to me most interesting, and while the labour expended has been far greater than anything I could have anticipated, I trust that the result will give satisfaction to an even larger circle of readers than was obtained by previous editions.

J. B.

ON FRENCH PRONUNCIATION.

=NOTE.=—The rules given below must be considered as general. Some are subject to more or less exceptions, which, for the sake of brevity, have not been mentioned, but they will all be found clearly and fully noticed in their respective places.

ALPHABET.

Old Approximate Modern Approximate French French English French English Alphabet. Pronunciation. Pronunciation. Pronunciation. Pronunciation. A a a ah a ah B b bé bay be bu-t C c cé say ce su-m D d dé day de du-ll E e é a e u-p F f èff eff fe fu-n G g jé zhay ge zhu-t H h ash ash he hu-g I i i ee i ee-l J j ji zhee je zhu-g K k k kah ke cu-t L l èl el le lu-ck M m èmm em me mu-d N n ènn en ne nu-t O o o o o o-ld P p pé pay pe pu-n Q q qu ku ke cu-rl R r èr air re ru-st S s èss ess se su-n T t té tay te tu-b U u u u u u V v vé vay ve vu-lgar X x iks eeks kse ksu-t Y y i grec ee grek y y-ore Z z zed zed ze zu-n

FRENCH VOWEL SOUNDS.

The Simple, or Vowel sounds, in the French language, are as follows:—

French. English. French.

a (short) like a in bat, exemplified by mal.

â (long) like a bar âge.

e sounded like a villă me, je.

è, ê e e’er, there père.

é ai, e air, eh! été.

i ea peak pique.

î ie field gîte.

o o rob mol.

ô o no môle.

u no equivalent in English (nearest approach is u in brunette) exemplified by suc.

û no equivalent in English sûre.

eû sounded like e in her (but longer and deeper) jeûne.

ou oo root exemplified by goutte.

oû oo noose voûte.

an no equivalent in English tan.

in fin.

on bon.

un brun.

Y, when alone, or when preceded or followed by a consonant, is pronounced like an i; except in pays, paysan, paysage. When placed between two vowels, it performs the office of two i’s, and is always preceded by a, e, o, or u. When preceded by a or e, it unites its first i with this vowel, and sounds è, as in rayon, which is pronounced rè-ion; when preceded by o, its first i is sounded in conjunction with o, like wa in the English word wag, as in joyeux, which is pronounced joa-ieû; and when preceded by u, its own two i’s preserve their natural sound, as in appuyer, which is pronounced appui-ié.

A is long in the termination aille, except in médăille, je travăille, détăille, émăille, băille (I give). It is also long in ation, as, nation, admiration, oblation; pronounce therefore, pāille, limāille, canāille, nātion, admirātion, oblātion, etc.

In the terminations of the imperfect of the subjunctive of verbs of the first conjugation, the a is always short; as que je parlăsse, que je donnăsse.

NASAL SOUNDS.

The nasal syllables are: aim, ain, am, an, aon; ean, eim, ein, em, en, eon, eun; im, in; om, on; um, un; ym.

Am, an, ean, are pronounced like an, without exception; as ambition, vendant, songeant. Em and en are also pronounced like an, as in emploi, empire, envie; but not always. In words derived from foreign languages, they are pronounced liked ème, ène; as Jerusalem, hymen. In words terminating in en or ein, and in their derivatives, en is pronounced like in; as mien, Chrétien, Chrétienté; and in the verbs tenir, venir, and their derivatives, en is sounded like in; as tiens, viens.

In femme, em is pronounced like am.

Im, in, aim, ain, ein, are all pronounced like in. The i, however, keeps its natural sound in words taken from foreign languages, as in Sélim, Ephraim, which are pronounced as if the m were followed by a silent e; in all words in which in is followed by a vowel; as in-animé, in-octavo, in-odore, in-humain; and in the beginning of words commencing with imm and inn.

Om, on, are pronounced like on; as in pont, tombe; complet, donjon. Automne is pronounced ôtonn.

Aen, aon, ean are sounded as an in the following words: Caen, Laon, taon, faon, paon, Jean.

Eon is sounded on when following g: mangeons, plongeon.

Um, un, eun, are pronounced like un; as in parfum, importun, à jeun.

Un is, however, sounded on in a few words of foreign origin: punch, de profundis.

Um is pronounced like ome in words of Latin origin, as duumvir, triumvir; factum, factotum.

CONSONANTS.

B has the same sound as in English; as bal, ball. It is pronounced in the middle and at the end of words.

C has the sound of k before a, o, u, l, n, r, except when it has a cedilla under it, in which case it is pronounced like s, as reçu. It is also pronounced like s before e, i, and y. Ch has the sound of sh, except when it is followed by a consonant, in which case it is pronounced like k; as in chronologie.

D has the same sound as in English. It is sounded in the middle of words, as in adverbe. When it is final, and carried to the following word, it sounds like t, as in grand homme, which is pronounced gran-tomme.

F is pronounced like the same letter in English, as in fleur, flower. It is sounded at the end of words; but in neuf it is pronounced like v when followed by a word beginning with a vowel or h mute, as in neuf enfants, which words are pronounced neu-van-fan.

G has the hard sound of g in the English word go, before a, o, u, l, m, r, as in gomme, gris, gum, gray. But it has always the soft sound of s as in pleasure before e, i, y, as in génie, gîte.

When combined with n in the middle of words, it has a liquid sound, somewhat similar to that of ni in the English word onion, as régner, saigner, agneau, compagnon, etc. Every word in which this sound occurs is preceded by a star (*) throughout this work. Whenever gn is not liquid, it sounds as in the English word ignorant.

H is sounded with a guttural impulse, when aspirated, as in héros, hero. When mute it has no use but that of showing the etymology of the word, as in honneur, honor. It is always silent after t, as in méthode, arithmétique, which are pronounced métod, a-rit-mé-tik. The aspirated h is marked throughout this work with a dagger (†).

J has always the sound of s in pleasure, and is subject to no irregularity.

K has always a hard sound, as in the English word king, and is subject to no irregularity.

L has two sounds. The first is precisely the same as l in the English word lily. The second is liquid. The liquid l, whether double or single, is always preceded by i. It is similar to the sound of the last i in William.

It is to be remarked, that i, followed by l or ll, and preceded by another vowel, is always silent in pronunciation; it only serves to indicate the liquid sound of the l, as in paille, soleil, patrouille, which ought to be pronounced pâ-i, solé-i, patrou-i. But when i is not preceded by another vowel, as in fille, it retains its natural sound, and serves at the same time to indicate the liquid sound of l. And here in fille, pronounced fi-i, we find both the i natural and the i which stands for ll.

Whenever i begins a word, as in illusion, the l’s are never liquid. The liquid l is marked throughout this work with a star (*).

P has the sound of the same letter in English, as in peine, pain. When combined with h, it has the sound of f, as in philosophe, philosopher.

Q has the hard sound of k, as in the English word quaker. Whether initial or medial, q is always followed by u, which is not sounded except in a few words that are noticed in the course of this work.

R has the same sound as in English, but is articulated much more strongly, as in rivière, river. It is always sounded at the end of words, when preceded by the vowels a, i, o, u. In substantives, adjectives, and verbs ending in er, it is silent, unless it is followed by a word beginning with a vowel or h mute, as in dernier ouvrage, which is pronounced dernié-rouvraj.

S has two sounds. The first is hissing, as in the English word sister; the second is soft, as in the English word please. It has uniformly the hissing sound at the beginning of words, and the soft between two vowels. Both sounds occur in saison. It preserves its hissing sound in compound words, as in parasol, vraisemblable; and when it happens to be sounded at the end of words, as in Pallas, Brutus, vis.

When s final is joined to the following word, it is always articulated like z, as in dans un cas important, which must be pronounced dān-zun-kâ-zin-por-tān.

T has two sounds; one hard, as in the English word tutor, and the other like the hissing s, as in sister. Both occur in situation, which is pronounced si-tuā-sion. It has the hissing sound before i, connected with some other following vowel or vowels, as in patience, factieux, which are pronounced pasian-s, fak-sieû.

When t, however, is immediately preceded by s, it preserves the hard sound, as in bastion, question, which are pronounced bas-tion, kès-tion.

X has generally the sound of ks. In all words beginning with x or ex, followed by a vowel, it has the sound of gz, as in Xavier, exil, which are pronounced gzavié, èg-zil. When final, it is joined to the following word, and sounds like z, as in beaux yeux, dix hommes, which are pronounced bô-zieû, dî-zom. X has the sound of ss in Auxerre, Auxonne, and Bruxelles.

FINAL CONSONANTS.

The final consonants that are sounded are b, c, f, k, l, m, q, r.

The final consonants that are not sounded in words which stand alone, or terminate a sentence, are, d, g, h, n, p, r (in the termination er only), s, t, x, z.

J and v are never final.

D is pronounced like t when joined to the following word, as in quand il parle, which must be pronounced kān-til parle.

G is pronounced like k, as in sang impur, which is pronounced sān-kin-pur.

P is pronounced only in Alep, cap, Gap, cep, jalap; and in beaucoup, trop, when those two words come before a vowel. In cep de vigne, the p is silent.

R, preceded by e, is frequently silent in conversation before a vowel, but it must always be sounded in poetry, unless it terminates the verse.

S, before a vowel, sounds like z, as in nous avons eu, which must be pronounced nou-zavōn-zu. S is sounded in aloès, bibus, blocus, chorus, choléramorbus, dervis, florès, gratis, jadis, laps, maïs, mars, orémus, ours, rébus, relaps, Reims, Rubens, sinus, en sus, vasistas, etc. It is silent in Jésus-Christ, but sounded in le Christ.

T is generally pronounced before a vowel, except when it is preceded by a sounded consonant, as in effort étonnant, pronounced é-for-éto-nan; in quatre-vingt-un it is not pronounced, but it is sounded in vingt et un. In all plural nouns, and in the conjunction et; also before a vowel in fort, adjective, it is silent, but it is sounded in fort, adverb. Final t is also sounded in brut, déficit, dot, mat, exact, fat, infect, intact, net, rapt, subit, tact, toast, transit, zénith, etc. It is not heard in Jésus-Christ, though it is sounded in le Christ.

LIST OF THE NOUNS OF DOUBLE GENDER EXISTING IN THE FRENCH LANGUAGE.

Aide {m., a male assistant. {f., a female assistant; aid, help, succor.

Aigle {m., male eagle. {f., she-eagle; standard, eagle.

Ange {m., angel; (artil.) chain-shot, bar-shot; angel-shot; (ich.) angel-fish.[1] {f., not used.

Apologétique {m., Tertullian’s treatise in defense of the early Christians. {f., apologetics, a part of theology.

Armadille {m., wood-louse. {f., armadilla, Spanish fleet to defend Spain’s possessions in the New World; Spanish frigate belonging to this fleet.

Asclépiade {m., (ancient poet.) asclepiad. {f., (bot.) asclepias, swallow-wort.

Aune {m., alder tree. {f., obsolete French measure = one ell.

Barbe {m., Barbary horse. {f., beard.

Barde {m., a bard, Celtic poet. {f., a thin slice, a rasher of bacon.

Basque {m., Biscayan; Basque (nation and language). {f., flap, skirt, tail, of a coat, or any other garment.

Bourgogne {m., Burgundy (wine). {f., Burgundy (province).

Brie {m., Brie (cheese). {f., Brie (province); rolling-pin.

Bulbe {m., (anat.) bulb. {f.,[2](bot.) bulb.

Câpre[3] {m., ☉pirate; privateer; piratical ship. {f., (bot.) caper.

Carpe {m., wrist. {f., (ich.) carp.

Cartouche {m., (arch.) cartouch, modillion. {f., cartridge for small firearms.

Caustique {m., (med.) caustic. {f., (geom., phys.) caustic curve.

Champagne {m., Champagne (wine). {f., Champagne (province).

Chorée {m., choreus, choree, trochee. {f., (med.) chorea, St. Vitus’ dance.

Cinquième {m., the fifth part; pupil in the 5th form in public schools. {f., 5th form in public schools.

Cistophore {m., (antiq.) Asiatic coin marked with a cist. {f., (antiq.) a female cist-bearer in the feast of Ceres and Bacchus.

Claque {m. opera hat. {f., flap, slap, smack; (thea.) claque, paid clappers.

Cloaque {m., sink, receptacle of filth; filthy, dirty place; filthy person; (anat.) cloaca. {f., (Roman antiq.) common sewer.

Coche {m., barge for the conveyance of travelers, track-boat, coach. {f., sow, she-pig; notch, nick, indentation.

Connétable {m., High-Constable. {f., High-Constable’s wife.

Contumace {m., a man guilty of contumacy (jur.). {f., contumacy.

Cornette {m., cornet, ensign-bearer (cavalry). {f., cornet, mob-cap; (milit.) colors of a company of cavalry; cornetcy; (nav.) broad pendant.

Cosaque {m., Cossack. {f., Cossack dance.

Cosmétique {m., cosmetic. {f., the art of using cosmetics.

Cotte {m., (ich.) bull-head, miller’s-thumb. {f., ☉petticoat. — d’armes; coat of arms. _— de mailles_; coat of mail. — morte; property left by a deceased monk.

Couple {m., a married pair, husband and wife. {f., a brace, two.

Cravate {m., Croatian horse; ☉trooper of light cavalry regiments which bore the same name. {f., cravat, necktie, neckcloth.

Crêpe {m., crape. {f., pancake.

Critique {m., a critic. {f., criticism.

Custode {m., warden. {f., cloth to cover the pyx in which the Host is kept; curtain of the high altar; ☉curtain.

Décime {m., copper coin worth 10 centimes, the tenth part of a franc; a war tax. {f., tithe formerly levied on ecclesiastical revenues; pl., tax paid formerly to the king by the holders of benefices.

Dentale {m., (conch,) dentalium, dental, tooth-shell. {f., dental, dental consonant.

Didactique {m., didactic language, didactic style. {f., the art of teaching.

Dixième {m., the tenth part; a tax. {f., (mus.) tenth.

Ébène[4] {m., not used. {f., ebony, ebon; (fig.) black color.

Écho {m., echo. {f., Echo (nymph).

Élève {m., male pupil, school-boy. {f., female pupil, school-girl; breeding of horses, cattle, etc.

Enseigne {m., ensign, standard-bearer. {f., sign-board.

Éphémère {m., (ent.) ephemera, ephemeran, day-fly, May-fly. {f., spider-wort, tradescantia virginica.

Espace {m., space, distance, interval. {f., (print.) space, metallic plate to separate words.

Exemple {m., example. {f., writing-copy.

Faune {m., faun (myth.). {f., fauna.

Faux {m., forgery, falsehood. {f., scythe.

Fin {m., sharp, astute man; gist, main point; (metal.) pure metal. {f., end, termination; aim, object, view, design, intention.

Finale {m., (mus.) finale. {f., (gram.) final letter or syllable.

Flasque {m., cheek (of a gun-carriage). {f., powder-flask, powder-horn; (nav.) whelp (of the capstan); board (of bellows).

Follicule {m., (anat., bot.) follicle. {f., [5]small sheet of paper; (pharm.) pod of senna.

Foret[6] {m., drill (to bore holes). {f., forest.

Foudre {m., (st.e.) thunder-bolt, lightning; (paint., sculpt.) thunder-bolt, Jupiter’s attribute; (fig.) irresistible eloquence; great general, orator, hero; divine anger, vengeance; fulmination of excommunication, etc.; artillery, mines, war; (poet.) catastrophe, destruction. A tun (cask). {f., thunder-bolt, lightning; (fig.) divine anger, vengeance; fulmination of excommunication, etc.; superior eloquence; artillery, mines, etc.

Fourbe {m., knave. {f., deceit, craftiness.

Garde {m., a guard, a keeper. {f., guarding, guard; watching; keeping.

Garde-robe {m., lady’s apron. {f., wardrobe; (bot.) artemisia.

Geste {m., gesture, action, movement. pl., ☉great deeds of generals, princes, etc. {f., poem in old French.

Givre {m., hoar frost, rime. {f., (her.) snake, serpent, wyvern.

Grave {m., (phys.) body, heavy body; (lit.) grave style; (mus.) flat; wine made at Grave (France). {f., shore, beach (Newfoundland); {pl., gravelly and clayey soil in the department of Gironde (France).

Greffe {m., record-office of a court of justice. {f., graft.

Grêle {m., nut-coal. {f., hail; (med.) chalazion, grando, hailstone.

Guérilla {m., guerilla-soldier. {f., guerilla, small army of irregulars.

Guide {m., a guide. {f., rein.

Havane {m., Havana (cigar). {f., Havana (town).

Hymne {m., ode, hymn. {f., hymn (church).

Inde {m., indigo, indigo blue; logwood. {f., India.

Interligne {m., space between printed or written lines; space between the lines of the stave (mus.). {f., (print.) lead, metallic plate to separate lines.

Jujube {m., the extract of jujube (fruit). {f., [7]jujube (fruit).

Laque {m., lacker, lacquer. {f., lac, lake, gum-lake.

Lepte {m., (ent.) leptus, wheal-worm, harvest-bug. {f., (bot.) a triphyllous plant of the order celastraceæ.

Lévite {m., Levite. {f., surtout, overcoat.

Liquide {m., a liquid. {f., (gram.) liquid, liquid consonant.

Litre {m., liter, French measure of capacity, less than a quart. {f., band of black cloth bearing the coat of arms of a deceased person, and hung in church at his funeral.

Livre {m., book. {f., pound (weight, money).

Louche {m., ambiguity; equivocalnees; underhand dealing. {f., soup-ladle.

Loutre {m., ☉a hat, a muff, etc., made of otter-skin or hair. {f., otter.

Maheutre {m., (French hist.) Protestant soldier. {f., a sleeve that was formerly worn, and did not reach further than the elbow.

Manche {m., handle of a tool, a knife, etc. {f., sleeve; the English Channel.

Manœuvre {m., day-laborer; bricklayer’s journeyman; (fig.) bungler; crafty person. {f., (milit., nav.) maneuver; running rigging, cordages of a ship.

Marengo {m., Oxford gray (color). {f., (cook.) marengo (sauce for fowl).

Maroufle {m., ragamuffin, lout, rascallion, clodhopper. {f., (paint.) lining-paste.

Martyre {m., martyrdom. {f., a female martyr.

Masque {m., a mask. {f., ☉ugly woman, ugly girl.

Mémoire {m., memorandum; memoir; bill (of large amount). {f., the memory.

Merci {m., thanks. {f., mercy, grace, benevolence, favor.

Mestre de {m., ☉colonel; general. Camp {f., ☉the 1st company of a regiment.

Minime {m., minim, Franciscan monk. {f., ☉(mus.) minim.

Mobile {m., mover, spring, motive power; motive; soldier in the garde mobile. {f., the garde mobile, a French infantry corps no longer in existence.

Mode {m., mood, mode; method. {f., fashion.

Môle {m., pier, jetty. {f., (med.) mole.

Mort {m., a dead man. {f., death.

Moufle[8] {m., (chem.) muffle. {f., (mec.) tackle (assemblage of pulleys); fingerless glove.

Moule {m., mold, matrix to cast lead, iron, etc. {f., (ich.) mussel.

Mousse {m., cabin-boy, apprentice sailor. {f., moss; froth, foam.

Mulle {m., (ich.) mullet. {f., ☉rennet, prepared membrane of the calf’s stomach.

Myope {m., myope, short-sighted man; (ent.) conops. {f., myope, short-sighted female.

Mystique {m., mystic (man). {f., mystic (female); the study of spirituality.

Néphrétique {m., (med.) nephritic; man affected with nephritis. {f., nephritic, renal colic.

Nielle {m., niello. {f., blight, smut; (bot.) rose campion.

Noël {m., Christmas; Christmas carol. {f., la Noël (ellipsis for la fête de Noël), Christmas-day.

Œuvre {m., the philosopher’s stone; (arch.) walls; the whole of the works of an engraver, painter, or composer of music; argentiferous lead; (jur.) summons to one who builds upon another man’s ground. {f., work, deed, action; work of the hand; handiwork; (jewel.) bezel; (nav.) hull of a ship; the works of a writer.

Office {m., divine service; duty; office[9]; employment; formulary of prayers. Saint-—; holy-office, inquisition. {f., servants’ hall; pantry.

Ombre[10] {m., (ich.) umbra, chromis, corvo; umber, grayling, char; (card game) omber. {f., shade, shadow; spirit, ghost.

Once {m., mountain-cat, catamount. {f., ounce (weight); jaguar, ounce.

Orphiques {m., Orpheus’ poems; Pythagoreans, votaries of Orpheus. {f., orgies, feast in honor of Bacchus.

Page {m., page, young male servant. {f., page of a book, etc.

Paillasse {m., clown, merry-andrew. {f., straw-bed, straw-bed ticking.

Palme {m., palm; hand (measures). {f., palm; palm-branch; (bot.) palm-tree; pattern of cashmere shawls; (sculpt., arch.) palm; (her.) palm; (bot.) Cuban reed; (nav.) a kind of East Indian ship with two masts.

Pantomime {m., pantomimist, pantomime. {f., dumb-show, pantomime.

Pâque[11] {m., Easter (Christian religion). {f., Passover, Easter (Jewish religion).

Parallèle {m., comparison; (geog.) parallel of latitude. {f., (geom.) parallel line; (fort.) trench, trenches.

Part {m., (jur.) new-born child, infant; birth. {f., share, portion, part; concern, interest, part, side.

Peau-rouge {m., American Indian. Red-skin. {f., (no hyphen) any one’s skin when it is red, or redder than usual.

Pendule {m., pendulum. {f., time-piece.

Période {m., highest point, acme, height. {f., period, epoch.

Personne {m., (pron.) nobody, anybody. {f., (noun) a person.

Physique {m., a person’s constitution, body. {f., natural philosophy.

Pique {m., spade (cards). {f., pike (weapon); tiff, pique, quarrel.

Pivoine {m., (orni.) bull-finch. {f., (bot.) peony, piony.

Plane {m., (bot.) plane-tree; inside surface of scissors blades. {f., joiner’s plane; spoke-shave, drawing-knife; (ich.) plaice.

Platine {m., (metal.) platinum. {f., lock (of small fire-arms); metallic-plate.

Podagre {m., a podagrical man, i.e. one having the gout in his feet. {f., podagra, gout in the feet.

Poêle {m., pall; stove. {f., frying-pan.

Polacre or {m., ☉Polish cavalry. Polaque {f., (nav.) polacca, polacre.

Politique {m., politician. {f., politics; policy.

Ponte {m., punter (gambling). {f., laying of eggs.

Poste {m., post, situation. {f., post, mail, post-office; buckshot.

Poulpe {m., (mol.) poulp, octopus. {f., pulp, pap.

Pourpre {m., purple (color); (her.) purpure; (chem.) purple; (med.) purples. {f., purple, coloring matter extracted from buccinum lapillus; stuff, fabric dyed in purple; (fig.) vivid red color; sovereign dignity, cardinal’s dignity.

Prétexte {m., pretense, pretext. {f., (Rom. ant.) prætexta.

Primevère {m., ☉spring season. {f., (bot.) primrose, cowslip, oxlip.

Pupille {m., a male ward. {f., a female ward; pupil of the eye.

Pyrrhique {m., pyrrhic (poet.). {f., pyrrhic, military dance.

Quadrille {m., quadrille (card game); quadrille, a dance; (mus.) quadrille. {f., troup of horses in a tournament.

Quadruple {m., quadruple, fourfold; (Spanish coin) doubloon. {f., Spanish gold coin worth about £3 8s.

Quatrième {m., fourth; 4th floor; pupil of the 4th form in public schools. {f., 4th form in public schools; (piquet) quart.

Queux {m., ☉cook. {f., whetting-stone, hone.

Réciproque {m., like, like for like, tit for tat. {f., (log.) converse.

Réclame {m., (hawking) cry, sign to bring back a hawk to the lure or to the fist. {f., (print.) catch-word; primer; editorial advertisement in newspapers; (c.rel.) part of the responses recited in the versicle; (thea.) cue.

Régale {m., organ stop imitating the human voice; regal (musical instrument). {f., the king’s right to receive the revenue of a vacant bishopric.

Réglisse {m., du réglisse (popular ellipsis for du jus de réglisse) extract of liquorice, Spanish juice. {f., (bot.) liquorice, licorice; liquorice root.

Relâche {m., (thea.) non-performance. {f., (nav.) putting into port.

Remise {m., coach let on hire, livery-coach. {f., coach-house; (com.) remittance.

Rencontre {m., (her.) rencounter. {f., encounter, rencounter, accidental meeting; accident, chance, collision; meeting; accidental fight; opportunity, occurrence, case; juncture.

Rhingrave {m., count of the Rhine. {f., ☉knee-breeches.

Romaïque {m., Romaic, modern Greek language. {f., the Greek national dance.

Rossinante {m., Rosinante, Don Quixote’s horse. {f., Rosinante, a sorry horse, a jade.

Sagittaire {m., (astron.) Saggitarius. {f., (bot.) arrow-head, adder’s-tongue.

Sarde {m., a native of Sardinia. {f., (ich.) whale; scomber; sardan; Brazilian sardine or pilchard.

Satyre {m., (myth.) satyr. {f., (Grec. ant.) satyric tragedy.

Scolastique {m., scholastic; school-man. {f., scholasticism.

Scolie {m., (geom.) scholium. {f., scholium, annotation; (Grec antiq.) table-song.

Scytale {m., (zoöl.) a species of very venomous snakes. {f., (antiq.) staff used in Sparta as a cypher to write secret dispatches.

Septième {m., seventh, seventh part, seventh day. {f., (piquet) septième; (mus.) seventh.

Serpentaire {m., (astron.) Serpentarius; (orni.) secretary-bird, snake-eater. {f., (bot.) dragon’s-wort.

Silène {m., (myth.) Silenus; Satyr, attendant of Bacchus; (ent.) a South European butterfly. {f., (bot.) catch-fly.

Sixième {m., sixth, sixth part; sixth day; pupil of the 6th class in public schools. {f., (piquet) seizième; 6th class in public schools.

Solde {m., balance of an account. {f., soldier’s pay.

Somme {m., nap, slumbers, doze, sleep. {f., a sum of money; total; load, burden.

Souris {m., smile. {f., mouse.

Statère[12] {m., (antiq.) stater (coin). {f., (antiq.) statera, Roman balance.

Statuaire {m., sculptor. {f., the art of making statues, statuary.

Stipe {m., (bot.) stipe; caudex. {f., (bot.) stipa, feather-grass; ☉a tax on leases.

Superbe {m., proud, haughty man. {f., arrogance, haughtiness, vainglory.

Technique {m., (arts) material execution, technicalities. {f., technics.

Teneur {m., keeper, accountant; teneur de livres; book-keeper. {f., text, terms, purport, tenor, contents, of writings.

Terre-neuve {m., Newfoundland dog. {f., Newfoundland.

Tirelire {m., ☉song, carol of the lark. {f., money-box.

Tonique {m., (med.) tonic. {f., (mus.) tonic, key-note, key.

Topique {m., (rhet., med.) tonic. {f., (rhet.) the art of finding topic or arguments.

Tour {m., turn; tour; lathe; trick. {f., tower.

Triomphe {m., triumph. {f., triumph (card-game).

Trochée {m., (poet.) trochee. {f., (agri.) brushwood.

Troisième {m., third; third floor; pupil of the 3d class in public schools. {f., 3d class in public schools.

Trolle {m., globe-flower, trollius. {f., (hunt.) trolling.

Trompette {m., trumpeter. {f., trumpet.

Trouble {m., confusion, disorder, disturbance, dispute, quarrel; pl. troubles, broils, commotions. {f., hoop-net (for fishing).

Vague {m., space, emptiness; vagueness; looseness; uncertainty. {f., sea-wave, billow.

Vapeur {m., steamer, steam-boat. {f., steam; vapor.

Vase {m., vase. {f., mud, slime, mire.

Vigogne {m., hat made of vicugna wool. {f., (zoöl.) vicugna.

Voile {m., veil. {f., sail.

Vulnéraire {m., (pharm.) vulnerary. {f., (bot.) kidney-vetch, woundwort.

FOOTNOTES

[1] Some grammars and dictionaries give ange de mer, angel-fish, as feminine, but it is an error; ange is masculine in all its acceptations.—(ACAD.)

[2] In the language of botany this word is sometimes used in the masculine.—(ACAD.)

[3] In the sense of pirate, this word has no accent: capre.

[4] Some grammarians and lexicographers give ébène, in the figurative sense of black color, as masculine, but it is an error; ébène is feminine even when used figuratively.—(ACAD.)

[5] Voltaire used this word in the feminine, in the sense of a small sheet of paper; but it is contrary to etymology, and even to common sense. The French Academy does not give this acceptation.

[6] When it means forest, its e has a circumflex accent: forêt.

[7] The French Academy gives to jujube (fruit) the feminine gender; but it is contrary to general present usage.

[8] French mechanicians give to this noun, in the sense of tackle, the masculine gender.

[9] This word has never in French the meaning of room, apartment, for the transaction of business.

[10] Ombre, card game, is also spelt hombre.

[11] Pâque, or Pâques, Christian religion, is often used in the plural, and is then feminine. Pâque, Jewish religion, is always feminine, and never used in the plural.

[12] When it means a coin, it is also spelt stater.

TABLE OF IRREGULAR AND DEFECTIVE VERBS.

The Imperfect of the Indicative, the Conditional, the Imperative, and the Imperfect of the Subjunctive, are wanting in this Table. These four tenses are formed as follows:—

The imperfect of the indicative is regularly formed from the present participle by changing ant into ais, as: parl-ant, je parl-ais; finiss-ant, je finiss-ais, &c.

The conditional has always the same root as the future; so that the first person of the future being known, it is easy to form the conditional, as: je parlerai, je parlerai-s; je finirai, je finirai-s.

The imperative is always regularly formed from the present of the indicative, by suppressing the pronouns, as: je parle, imperative, parle; except in the verbs avoir, être, and savoir. The third person singular and plural of the imperative are always the same as in the present of the subjunctive, and belong to that tense.

The imperfect of the subjunctive is always regularly formed from the preterit indicative by adding se, etc., to the second person singular, as: tu parlas, que je parlas-se; tu finis, que je finis-se; tu reçus, que je reçus-se; tu vendis, que je vendis-se.

Infinitive. _Present _Past Present. Indicative participle. participle. Preterit.

FIRST CONJUGATION.

Aller allant allé je vais, allons j’allai vas, allez va, vont

Envoyer envoyant envoyé j’envoie, envoyons j’envoyai envoies, envoyez envoie, envoient

SECOND CONJUGATION.

Acquérir acquérant acquis j’acquiers, acquérons j’acquis acquiers, acquérez acquiert, acquièrent

Assaillir assaillant assailli j’assaille, assaillons j’assaillis assailles, assaillez assaille, assaillent

Avenir[1] avenant avenu il avient il avint

Bouillir[2] bouillant bouilli je bous, bouillons je bouillis bous, bouillez bout, bouillent

Courir courant couru je cours, courons je courus cours, courez court, courent

Cueillir cueillant cueilli je cueille, cueillons je cueillis cueilles, cueillez cueille, cueillent

Défaillir[3] défailli nous défaillons je défaillis vous défaillez ils défaillent ils défaillirent

Dormir dormant dormi je dors, dormons je dormis dors, dormez dort, dorment

Ébouillir ébouilli

Faillir[4] faillant failli je faux, faillons je faillis faux, faillez faut, faillent

Férir[5] féru

Fleurir fleurissant fleuri je fleuris, fleurissons je fleuris florissant fleuris, fleurissez fleurit, fleurissent

Fuir fuyant fui je fuis, fuyons je fuis fuis, fuyez fuit, fuient

Gésir[6] gisant gisons gisez gît, gisent

Haïr haïssant haï je hais, haïssons je haïs hais, haïssez hait, haïssent

Mésavenir il mésavient il mésavint

Mourir mourant mort je meurs, mourons je mourus meurs, mourez meurt, meurent

Ouïr[7] ouï j’ois, oyons j’ouïs ois, oyez oit, oient

Ouvrir ouvrant ouvert j’ouvre, ouvrons j’ouvris ouvres, ouvrez ouvre, ouvrent

Quérir[8]

Saillir[9] saillant sailli il saille ils saillent

Sentir sentant senti je sens, sentons je sentis sens, sentez sent, sentent

Servir servant servi je sers, servons je servis sers, servez sert, servent

Sortir[10] sortissant sorti il sortit il sortissent

Surgir[11] il surgit il surgit ils surgissent

Tenir tenant tenu je tiens, tenons je tins tiens, tenez tient, tiennent

Vêtir vêtant vêtu je vêts, vêtons je vêtis vêts, vêtez vêt, vêtent

THIRD CONJUGATION.

Apparoir[12] il appert

Asseoir asseyant assis j’assieds, asseyons j’assis assieds, asseyez assied, asseient

Avoir ayant eu j’ai, avons j’eus as, avez a, ont

Choir chu

Comparoir[13]

Déchoir[14] déchu je déchois, déchoyons je déchus déchois, déchoyez déchoit, déchoient

Démouvoir

Échoir[15] échéant échu il échoit or il échut il échet

Falloir[16] fallu il faut il fallut

Mouvoir mouvant mu je meus, mouvons je mus meus, mouvez meut, meuvent

Pleuvoir pleuvant plu il pleut il plut

Pourvoir pourvoyant pourvu je pourvois, pourvoyons je pourvus pourvois, pourvoyez pourvoit, pourvoient

Pouvoir pouvant pu [17]je puis, pouvons je pus peux, pouvez peut, peuvent

Prévaloir prévalant prévalu je prévaux, prévalons je prévalus prévaux, prévalez prévaut, prévalent

Prévoir prévoyant prévu je prévois, prévoyons je prévis prévois, prévoyez prévoit, prévoient

Promouvoir[18] promu

Ravoir[19]

Savoir[20] sachant su je sais, savons je sus sais, savez sait, savent

Seoir[21] seyant il sied ils siéent

Seoir[22] séant sis

Surseoir sursoyant sursis je sursois, sursoyons je sursis sursois, sursoyez sursoit, sursoient

Valoir[23] valant valu je vaux, valons je valus vaux, valez vaut, valent

Voir voyant vu je vois, voyons je vis vois, voyez voit, voient

Vouloir[24] voulant voulu je veux, voulons je voulus veux, voulez veut, veulent

FOURTH CONJUGATION.

Absoudre absolvant absous, j’absous, absolvons m. absous, absolvez absoute, absout, absolvent f.

Abstraire abstrayant abstrait j’abstrais, abstrayons abstrais, abstrayez abstrait, abstraient

Accroire[25] (i.e. faire accroire (à))

Battre battant battu je bats, battons je battis bats, battez bat, battent

Boire buvant bu je bois, buvons je bus bois, buvez boit, boivent

Braire il brait ils braient

Bruire[26] bruyant

Circoncire circoncisant circoncis je circoncis, circoncisons je circoncis, circoncisez circoncis circoncit, circoncisent

Clore[27] clos je clos clos clôt

Conclure concluant conclu je conclus, concluons je conclus conclus, concluez conclut, concluent

Confire confisant confit je confis, confisons je confis confis, confisez confit, confisent

Coudre cousant cousu je couds, cousons je cousis couds, cousez coud, cousent

Croire croyant cru je crois, croyons je crus crois, croyez croit, croient

Croître croissant crû je croîs, croissons je crûs croîs, croissez croît, croissent

Déconfire déconfit

Dire disant dit je dis, disons je dis dis, dites dit, disent

Éclore éclos il éclôt ils éclosent

Écrire écrivant écrit j’écris, écrivons j’écrivis écris, écrivez écrit, écrivent

s’Emboire[28] embu

s’Ensuivre ensuivant ensuivi il s’ensuit il s’ensuivit

s’Éprendre épris

Être étant été je suis, sommes je fus es, êtes est, sont

Faire faisant fait je fais, faisons je fis fais, faites fait, font

Forfaire (à)[29] forfait

Frire[30] frit fris fris frit

Joindre joignant joint je joins, joignons je joignis joins, joignez joint, joignent

Lire lisant lu je lis, lisons je lus lis, lisez lit, lisent

Luire luisant lui je luis, luisons luis, luisez luit, luisent

Malfaire

Maudire maudissant maudit je maudis, maudissons je maudis maudis, maudissez maudit, maudissent

Médire (de) médisant médit je médis, médisons je médis médis, médisez médit, médisent

Méfaire méfait

Mettre mettant mis je mets, mettons je mis mets, mettez met, mettent

Moudre moulant moulu je mouds, moulons je moulus mouds, moulez moud, moulent

Naître naissant né je nais, naissons je naquis nais, naissez naît, naissent

Nuire (à) nuisant nui je nuis, nuisons je nuisis nuis, nuisez nuit, nuisent

Paître paissant pu je pais, paissons pais, paissez pait, paissent

Paraître paraissant paru je parais, paraissons je parus parais, paraissez parait, paraissent

Plaire plaisant plu je plais, plaisons je plus plais, plaisez plait, plaisent

Poindre il point

Prendre prenant pris je prends, prenons je pris prends, prenez prend, prennent

Réduire réduisant réduit je réduis, réduisons je réduisis réduis, réduisez réduit, réduisent

Repaître repaissant repu je repais, repaissons je repus repais, repaissez repait, repaissent

Résoudre résolvant résolu je résous, résolvons je résolus résous résous, résolvez résout, résolvent

Rire (de) riant ri je ris, rions je ris ris, riez rit, rient

Rompre rompant rompu je romps, rompons je rompis romps, rompez rompt, rompent

Sourdre il sourd ils sourdent

Suffire (à) suffisant suffi je suffis, suffisons je suffis suffis, suffisez suffit, suffisent

Suivre suivant suivi je suis, suivons je suivis suis, suivez suit, suivent

Traire trayant trait je trais, trayons trais, trayez trait, traient

Vaincre vainquant vaincu je vaincs, vainquons je vainquis vaincs, vainquez vainc, vainquent

Vivre (de) vivant vécu je vis, vivons je vécus vis, vivez vit, vivent

Future. _Subjunctive English. Present._

FIRST CONJUGATION.

Aller j’irai aille, allions to go. aille, aillent ailles, alliez

Envoyer j’enverrai envoie, envoyions to send. envoies, envoyiez envoie, envoient

SECOND CONJUGATION.

Acquérir j’acquerrai acquière, acquérions to acquire. acquières, acquériez acquière, acquièrent

Assaillir j’assaillirai assaille, assaillions to assault. assailles, assailliez assaille, assaillent

Avenir[1] il aviendra qu’il avienne to happen.

Bouillir[2] je bouillirai bouille, bouillions to boil. bouilles, bouilliez bouille, bouillent

Courir je courrai coure, courions to run. coures, couriez coure, courent

Cueillir je cueillerai cueille, cueillions to gather. cueilles, cueilliez cueille, cueillent

Défaillir[3] to faint.

Dormir je dormirai dorme, dormions to sleep. dormes, dormiez dorme, dorment

Ébouillir to boil away.

Faillir[4] je faudrai to fail.

Férir[5] to strike.

Fleurir je fleurirai fleurisse, fleurissions to flourish, to fleurisses, fleurissiez prosper. fleurisse, fleurissent

Fuir je fuirai fuie, fuyions to flee. fuies, fuyiez fuie, fuient

Gésir[6] to lie.

Haïr je haïrai haïsse to hate.

Mésavenir qu’il mésavienne to succeed ill.

Mourir je mourrai meure, mourions to die. meures, mouriez meure, meurent

Ouïr[7] j’oirai (old, legal) to hear.

Ouvrir j’ouvrirai ouvre, ouvrions to open. ouvres, ouvriez ouvre, ouvrent

Quérir[8] to fetch.

Saillir[9] il saillera qu’il saille to project. ils sailleront qu’ils saillent

Sentir je sentirai sente, sentions to feel, smell. sentes, sentiez sente, sentent

Servir je servirai serve, servions to serve. serves, serviez serve, servent

Sortir[10] il sortira qu’il sortisse to obtain. ils sortiront qu’ils sortissent

Surgir[11] il surgira to spring up, to arise.

Tenir je tiendrai tienne, tenions to hold. tiennes, teniez tienne, tiennent

Vêtir je vêtirai vête, vêtions to clothe. vêtes, vêtiez vête, vêtent

THIRD CONJUGATION.

Apparoir[12] to appear.

Asseoir j’assiérai asseie, asseyions to set. or or asseye j’asseoirai asseies, asseyiez asseie, asseient

Avoir j’aurai aie, ayons to have. aies, ayez ait, aient

Choir to fall.

Comparoir[13] to appear (before a tribunal)

Déchoir[14] je décherrai déchoie, déchoyions to fall, lose. déchoies, déchoyiez déchoie, déchoient

Démouvoir to make one desist.

Échoir[15] il écherra échoie to fall due, to expire.

Falloir[16] il faudra qu’il faille to be necessary.

Mouvoir je mouvrai meuve, mouvions to move. meuves, mouviez meuve, meuvent

Pleuvoir il pleuvra qu’il pleuve to rain.

Pourvoir je pourvoirai pourvoie, pourvoyions to provide. pourvoies, pourvoyiez pourvoie, pourvoient

Pouvoir je pourrai puisse, puissions to be able. puisses, puissiez puisse, puissent

Prévaloir je prévaudrai prévale, prévalions to prevail. prévales, prévaliez prévale, prévalent

Prévoir je prévoirai prévoie, prévoyions to foresee. prévoies, prévoyiez prévoie, prévoient

Promouvoir[18] to promote.

Ravoir[19] to recover, to have again.

Savoir[20] je saurai sache, sachions to know. saches, sachiez sache, sachent

Seoir[21] il siéra qu’il siée to become, to ils siéront qu’ils siéent befit.

Seoir[22] to sit, situate.

Surseoir je surseoirai sursoie, sursoyions to put off, to sursoies, sursoyiez suspend. sursoie, sursoient

Valoir[23] je vaudrai vaille, valions to be worth. vailles, valiez vaille, vaillent

Voir je verrai voie, voyions to see. voies, voyiez voie, voient

Vouloir[24] je voudrai veuille, voulions to be willing. veuilles, vouliez veuille, veuillent

FOURTH CONJUGATION.

Absoudre j’absoudrai absolve, absolvions to absolve. absolves, absolviez absolve, absolvent f.

Abstraire j’abstrairai abstraie, abstrayions to abstract. abstraies, abstrayiez abstraie, abstraient

Accroire[25] (i.e. faire accroire (à)) to make one believe.

Battre je battrai batte, battions to beat. battes, battiez batte, battent

Boire je boirai boive, buvions to drink. boives, buviez boive, boivent

Braire il braira to bray. ils brairont

Bruire[26] to roar, to rustle.

Circoncire je circoncirai circoncise, circoncisions to circumcise. circoncises, circoncisiez circoncise, circoncisent

Clore[27] je clorai to close.

Conclure je conclurai conclue, concluions to conclude. conclues, concluiez conclue, concluent

Confire je confirai confise, confisions to pickle, confises, confisiez preserve. confise, confisent

Coudre je coudrai couse, cousions to sew. couses, cousiez couse, cousent

Croire je croirai croie, croyions to believe. croies, croyiez croie, croient

Croître je croîtrai croisse, croissions to grow. croisses, croissiez croisse, croissent

Déconfire to discomfit.

Dire je dirai dise, disions to say. dises, disiez dise, disent

Éclore il éclora qu’il éclose to hatch, to ils écloront qu’ils éclosent blow (of flowers).

Écrire j’écrirai écrive, écrivions to write. écrives, écriviez écrive, écrivent

s’Emboire[28] to imbibe.

s’Ensuivre il s’ensuivra qu’il s’ensuive to follow, to result from.

s’Éprendre to be smitten.

Être je serai sois, soyons to be. sois, soyez soit, soient

Faire je ferai fasse, fassions to make, to do. fasses, fassiez fasse, fassent

Forfaire (à)[29] to forfeit, to trespass, to be false to.

Frire[30] je frirai to fry.

Joindre je joindrai joigne, joignions to join. joignes, joigniez joigne, joignent

Lire je lirai lise, lisions to read. lises, lisiez lise, lisent

Luire je luirai luise, luisions to shine. luises, luisiez luise, luisent

Malfaire to do mischief.

Maudire je maudirai maudisse, maudissions to curse. maudisses, maudissiez maudisse, maudissent

Médire (de) je médirai médise, médisions to slander. médises, médisiez médise, médisent

Méfaire to misdo.

Mettre je mettrai mette, mettions to put. mettes, mettiez mette, mettent

Moudre je moudrais moule, moulions to grind. moules, mouliez moule, moulent

Naître je naîtrai naisse, naissions to be born. naisses, naissiez naisse, naissent

Nuire (à) je nuirai nuise, nuisions to hurt, to nuises, nuisiez injure. nuise, nuisent

Paître je paîtrai paisse, paissions to graze. paisses, paissiez paisse, paissent

Paraître je paraitrai paraisse, paraissions to appear. paraisses, paraissiez paraisse, paraissent

Plaire je plairai plaise, plaisions to please. plaises, plaisiez plaise, plaisent

Poindre il poindra to dawn, to sting.

Prendre je prendrai prenne, prenions to take. prennes, preniez prenne, prennent

Réduire je réduirai réduise, réduisions to reduce. réduises, réduisiez réduise, réduisent

Repaître je repaîtrai repaisse, repaissions to feed. repaisses, repaissiez repaisse, repaissent

Résoudre je résoudrai résolve, résolvions to resolve. résolves, résolviez résolve, résolvent

Rire (de) je rirai rie, riions to laugh (at). ries, riiez rie, rient

Rompre je romprai rompe, rompions to break. rompes, rompiez rompe, rompent

Sourdre to issue, to arise.

Suffire (à) je suffirai suffise, suffisions to suffice. suffises, suffisiez suffise, suffisent

Suivre je suivrai suive, suivions to follow. suives, suiviez suive, suivent

Traire je trairai traie, trayions to milk. traies, trayiez traie, traient

Vaincre je vaincrai vainque, vainquions to conquer. vainques, vainquiez vainque, vainquent

Vivre (de) je vivrai vive, vivions to live (on or vives, viviez upon). vive, vivent

FOOTNOTES

[1] Advenir is more often used.

[2] The verb faire is generally used to conjugate this verb; as, faire bouillir, &c., except in 3d pers. singular and plural when used “directly”: As, l’eau bout-elle? does the water boil? Ces pommes de terre bouillent-elles? Do these potatoes boil?

[3] The imperfect of the indicative, je défaillais, is used.

[4] This verb is seldom used but in the preterit, the compound tenses, and in the infinitive after another verb.

[5] The infinitive is only used in the phrase sans coup férir, without striking a blow.

[6] The imperfect of the indicative, je gisais, &c., is used.

[7] This verb is seldom used but in the infinitive present, and in the compound tenses.

[8] Used only in familiar conversation, and in the infinitive after aller, venir, envoyer.

[9] Used only in the third persons. When it means “to gush,” or (of a horse) to serve a mare, it is conjugated like finir.

[10] Used as a law term only.

[11] Seldom used but in the infinitive.

[12] Used as a law term only.

[13] Used as a law term only.

[14] Imperfect of the indicative: je déchoyais, &c.

[15] Used generally in the third person only.

[16] Il fallait is used. No imperative.

[17] Je peux is also used. No imperative.

[18] Only used in the infinitive, in the compound tenses, and in the imperfect of the subjunctive.

[19] Used in the infinitive only.

[20] Imperative: sache, sachons, sachez. Je ne sache is rhetorically used in the first person of the indicative present. Ex.: “Je ne sache rien de plus grand et de plus beau” (V. Hugo). The imperfect of the indicative is je savais, &c.

[21] Used in the third person only. No compound tenses.

[22] Used in the two participles only.

[23] No imperative.

[24] The second person plural of the imperative is veuillez, please to.

[25] Used only in the infinitive, and always with the verb faire.

[26] Imperfect of the indicative il bruyait, ils bruyaient.

[27] Used in all the compound tenses.

[28] Used in painting only.

[29] Used only in the infinitive and compound tenses.

[30] The verb faire is used to supply the persons and tenses that are wanting; as, nous faisons frire, &c.

LIST OF IRREGULAR AND DEFECTIVE VERBS, CONJUGATED AFTER THE VERBS IN THE FOREGOING TABLE.

Conjugated like

FIRST CONJUGATION.

Renvoyer to send back envoyer.

s’En aller to go away aller.

SECOND CONJUGATION.

Conquérir to conquer} Reconquérir to reconquer} Requérir to request} acquérir. s’Enquérir to inquire}

Tressaillir to start up assaillir.

Rebouillir to boil again bouillir.

Accourir to hasten to} Concourir to concur} Discourir (de) to talk about} Encourir to incur} courir. Parcourir to run over} Recourir (à) to have recourse to} Secourir to succor}

Accueillir to welcome} Recueillir to gather} cueillir. se Recueillir to collect one’s self}

Endormir to lull asleep} s’Endormir to fall asleep} Rendormir to lull to sleep again} dormir. se Rendormir to fall asleep again}

s’Enfuir to run away fuir.

Couvrir to cover} Découvrir to uncover, to discover} Entr’ouvrir to open a little} Mésoffrir to underbid} Offrir to offer} ouvrir. Recouvrir to cover again} Rouvrir to open again} Souffrir to suffer}

Consentir to agree} se Départir (de) to desist, to swerve(from)} Démentir to belie} Mentir to lie} Partir to set out} Pressentir to foresee} sentir. Repartir to set off again} se Repentir to repent} Ressentir to feel} se Ressentir (de) to feel} Ressortir to go out again} Sortir to go out}

Desservir to clear the table, to do an ill office} servir. se Servir (de) to make use of}

s’Abstenir to abstain} Appartenir to belong to} Circonvenir to circumvent} Contenir to contain} se Contenir to refrain (from)} Contrevenir to infringe} Convenir to suit (with avoir), to agree} (with être in comp’d tenses)} Déprévenir to divest of (prejudice)} Devenir to become} Disconvenir to deny} Entretenir to entertain} s’Entretenir to discourse with} Intervenir to intervene} Maintenir to maintain} tenir. Obtenir to obtain} Parvenir to arrive} Prévenir to prepossess, to forewarn} Provenir to proceed from} Redevenir to become again} Retenir to retain} se Retenir (de) to forbear} Revenir to come back} se Ressouvenir (de) to remember} se Souvenir (de) to recollect} Soutenir to maintain} Subvenir (à) to provide for} Survenir to happen, to befall} Venir to come}

Dévêtir to undress} se Dévêtir to divest one’s self} Revêtir (de) to clothe, to dress} vêtir. se Vêtir to clothe one’s self}

THIRD CONJUGATION.

s’Asseoir to sit down} Rasseoir to place down again} asseoir. se Rasseoir to sit down again}

Rechoir to fall again choir.

Émouvoir to move, to stir up} s’Émouvoir to be moved, to be concerned} mouvoir.

Dépourvoir to leave unprovided pourvoir.

Équivaloir to be equivalent} Revaloir to return like for like} prévaloir. se Prévaloir (de) to take advantage (of)}

Messeoir to be unbecoming seoir.

Entrevoir to catch a glimpse of} s’Entrevoir to see each other} voir. Revoir to see again}

FOURTH CONJUGATION.

Dissoudre to dissolve, to melt absoudre.

Abattre to pull down} s’Abattre to fall down} se Battre to fight} Combattre to fight, to combat} Débattre to debate} se Débattre to struggle} s’Ébattre to take one’s pleasure} battre. Embattre to lay the tire of a wheel} Rabattre to abate, to bring down} se Rabattre to turn off, to turn back, to fall back upon} Rebattre to beat again}

Reboire to drink again boire.

Déclore to unclose} Enclore to enclose} clore. Forclore to foreclose}

Exclure to exclude} Reclure to shut up} conclure.

Découdre to unsew} Recoudre to sew again} coudre.

Mécroire to disbelieve croire.

Accroître to increase} Décroître to decrease} Recroître to grow again} croître.[1] Surcroître to grow out}

Redire to say again dire.

Circonscrire to circumscribe} Décrire to describe} Inscrire to inscribe} s’Inscrire to enter one’s name} Prescrire to prescribe} se Prescrire to be lost by limitation (law)} écrire. Proscrire to proscribe, to outlaw} Récrire to write again} Souscrire to subscribe} Transcrire to transcribe}

Contrefaire to imitate, to mimic} Défaire to undo} se Défaire to get rid} Parfaire to perfect} Redéfaire to undo again} faire. Refaire to make again} se Refaire to recover} Satisfaire to satisfy} Surfaire to ask too much}

Refrire to fry again frire.

Adjoindre to adjoin} Astreindre to subject} s’Astreindre to confine one’s self} Atteindre to overtake, to reach} Aveindre to take out or from, to fetch} Ceindre to gird, to encompass} Conjoindre to conjoin} Contraindre to constrain} Craindre to fear, to be afraid} Déjoindre to disjoin} Dépeindre to describe} Déteindre to discolor} Disjoindre to disjoin} Empreindre to imprint} Enceindre to enclose} Enfreindre to transgress, to infringe} joindre. Enjoindre to enjoin} Épreindre to squeeze out} Éteindre to extinguish} Étreindre to tie close, to clasp} Feindre to feign} Geindre to whine, to moan} Oindre to anoint} Peindre to paint} Plaindre to pity} se Plaindre to complain} Ratteindre to overtake again} Rejoindre to join again} Repeindre to paint again} Restreindre to restrain, to confine} Teindre to dye, to color}

Élire to elect, to choose} Prélire to read over previously} Réélire to elect again} lire. Relire to read again}

Reluire to glitter, to shine} Entre-luire to shine a little} luire.

Contredire to contradict} Dédire to disown, to unsay, to belie} se Dédire to recant, to retract} médire. Interdire to interdict, to forbid} Prédire to foretell, to predict}

Admettre to admit} Commettre to commit} Compromettre to compromise, to expose} se Compromettre to compromise one’s self} Démettre to dislocate} se Démettre (de) to resign} Émettre to issue, to set forth, to emit} mettre. s’Entremettre to interpose, to meddle} Omettre to omit} Permettre to permit, to allow} Promettre to promise} Remettre to replace, to set again} Soumettre to submit, to subdue} Transmettre to transmit}

Émoudre to whet, to sharpen} Remoudre to grind over again} moudre. Rémoudre to sharpen again}

Renaître to revive, to be born again naître.

Apparaître to appear} Comparaître to appear} Connaître to know, to be acquainted with} Disparaître to disappear} paraître. Méconnaître to disown, not to know} se Méconnaître to forget one’s self} Reconnaître to recognize, to acknowledge} Reparaître to appear again}

Complaire to humor, to please} se Complaire to delight} Déplaire to displease} se Déplaire to be displeased with} plaire. Taire to conceal, to keep secret} se Taire to remain silent}

Apprendre to learn, to hear of} Comprendre to understand, to include} Déprendre to loosen, to disengage} Désapprendre to unlearn} Entreprendre to undertake} se Méprendre to mistake} prendre. Rapprendre to learn again} Reprendre to take again, to chide} se Reprendre to correct one’s self} Surprendre to surprise, to astonish}

Conduire to conduct, to lead} Construire to construct, to build} Cuire to cook, to bake} Décuire to thin (syrups, etc.)} Déconstruire to take to pieces} Déduire to deduct} Détruire to destroy} se Détruire to kill one’s self, to decay} Éconduire to bow out, to refuse} Enduire to plaster, to do over} Induire to induce} réduire. Instruire to instruct} Introduire to introduce} Produire to produce, to bring forth} Reconduire to conduct again} Reconstruire to build again} Recuire to bake again, to do again} Renduire to plaster anew} Reproduire to reproduce} Séduire to seduce, to bribe} Traduire to translate}

se Repaître to thirst after, to delight in repaître.

se Rire (de) to laugh at} Sourire to smile} rire.

Corrompre to corrupt} Interrompre to interrupt} rompre.

Poursuivre to pursue, to prosecute suivre.

Abstraire to abstract} Distraire to distract, to divert} Extraire to extract} Retraire to redeem an estate} traire. Rentraire to fine-draw} Soustraire to substract, to deduct} se Soustraire (à) to avoid, to escape}

Convaincre to convince vaincre.

Revivre to revive} Survivre (à) to survive, to outlive} vivre.

FOOTNOTES

[1] Only recroître takes a circumflex on its past participle.

EXPLANATION OF THE SIGNS USED IN THIS WORK.

* Represents the liquid sounds of gn, l, or ll.

† Signifies that the h is aspirated.

— Indicates the repetition of the same word. (—) Indicates the plural of foreign and compound nouns when it is like the singular.

(—s) Indicates the plural of foreign nouns when it is formed by adding s.

When the plural of foreign and compound nouns is formed by changing the final letter or letters, the whole plural form is given. Thus, e.g., (Lazaroni), plural of Lazarone; (—-amiraux), plural of vice-admiral.

(—s-—s), or (—s-—x), or (—x-—x), or (—x-—s) Indicate the plural of compound nouns when it is formed by adding s or x to each component.

(—s-—) or (—x-—) Indicate the plural of compound nouns when it is formed by adding s or x to the first component only.

(—-—s) or (—-—x) Indicate the plural of compound nouns when it is formed by adding s or x to the second component only.

(n.s.) Indicates foreign and compound nouns not used in the singular.

(n.p.) Indicates foreign and compound nouns not used in the plural.

- Before final letters, points out the masculine termination, which is to be changed in the feminine; as, acti-f, -ve, actif, active; act-eur, -rice, acteur, actrice; honteu-x, -se, honteux, honteuse.

The long sound of the vowels is designated by a horizontal mark over the vowel, thus: ā, ē, ī, ō, ū.

The short sound of the vowels is designated by a curved mark, thus: ă, ĕ, ĭ, ŏ, ŭ. This mark seldom occurs but over the unaccented e. When there is no mark over the other vowels, they may be considered as natural; that is, as neither long nor short.

Words in parentheses serve to complete the sense of those words that precede or follow them; or they refer to the object with which they are connected, or indicate the art, trade, profession, etc., to which they relate. They are given in English and in French.

Those words of which the pronunciation is quite irregular are noticed in full; but those that are only partly irregular are noticed in their irregularities only. Therefore, such words as chiromancie, archétype, équateur, which are irregular in one syllable only, are noticed in that syllable alone; as ki-, -ké-, -koua-.

As none but French spelling can give a correct idea of French pronunciation, it is used throughout this dictionary, with the exception of ch, which is rendered by sh, so that it may not be mistaken for k; of ou, which is expressed by oo; and of oi, which is represented by oa.

☉ Indicates obsolete French words. When found in the middle of lines, it indicates that the French word is obsolete in the meaning before which it is placed.

(ant.) Indicates obsolete English words.

When two or more French nouns of the same gender follow, their gender is indicated after the last noun only.

The pronunciation of English words is indicated, in the English-French Division, in the same manner as that of French words in the French-English Division, and represented in all cases by means of the French spelling, with the exception of:

1st, th hard, which is expressed by (th); 2nd, th soft, ” ” (th); 3rd, g, when hard before e, i, or y, by (gh).

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS WORK.

a., active, actif. ab., abbreviation, abréviation. Acad., Academy, Académie. adj., adjective, adjectif. adject., adjectively, adjectivement. adv., adverb, adverbe. agri., agriculture, agriculture. alch., alchemy, alchimie. alg., algebra, algèbre. anat., anatomy, anatomie. antiq., antiquity, antiquité. arch., architecture, architecture. arith., arithmetic, arithmétique. art., article, article. artil., artillery, artillerie. astrol., astrology, astrologie. astron., astronomy, astronomie. auxil., auxiliary, auxiliaire. bookbind., bookbinding, reliure. bot., botany, botanique. b.s., bad sense, mauvaise part. carp., carpentry, charpenterie. chem., chemistry, chimie. coin., coining, monnayage. com., commerce, commerce. conch., conchology, conchologie. conj., conjunction, conjonction. cook., cookery, cuisine. c.rel., catholic religion, religion catholique. dy., dyeing, teinture. ecc., ecclesiastical, ecclésiastique. engr., engraving, gravure. ent., entomology, entomologie. exc., exclamation, exclamation. f., feminine, féminin. fam., familiar, familier. fenc., fencing, escrime. fig., figuratively, au figuré. fin., finance, finances. fort., fortification, fortification. foss., fossils, fossiles. gard., gardening, jardinage. geog., geography, géographie. geol., geology, géologie. geom., geometry, géométrie. gold., goldsmith’s work, orfèvrerie. gram., grammar, grammaire. her., heraldry, blason. hist., history, histoire. horl., horology, horlogerie. hort., horticulture, horticulture. hunt., hunting, chasse. hydr., hydraulics, hydraulique. ich., ichthyology, ichtyologie. imp., impersonal, impersonne. indecl., indeclinable, invariable. int., interjection, interjection. iron., ironically, ironiquement. jest., jestingly, par plaisanterie. jur., jurisprudence, jurisprudence. l.ex., low expression, terme bas. lit., literature, littérature. log., logic, logique. l.u., little used, peu usité. m., masculine, masculin. mam., mammalogy, mammalogie. man., manege, manège. manu., manufacture, manufactures. mas., masonry, maçonnerie. math., mathematics, mathématiques. mec., mechanics, mécanique. med., medicine, médecine. metal., metallurgy, métallurgie. milit., military art, art militaire. min., mineralogy, minéralogie. mol., mollusk, mollusque. mus., music, musique. myth., mythology, mythologie. n., noun-substantive, nom substantif. nav., navy, marine. opt., optics, optique. orni., ornithology, ornithologie. paint., painting, peinture. part., participle, participe. pers., person, personne. persp., perspective, perspective. pharm., pharmacy, pharmacie. philos., philosophy, philosophie. phys., natural philosophy (physics), physique. pl., plural, pluriel. poet., poetry, poésie. pol., politics, politique. pop., popular, populaire. prep., preposition, préposition. print., printing, imprimerie. pron., pronoun, pronom. prov., proverbially, proverbialement. r., reflected, réfléchi. rel., religion, religion. rhet., rhetoric, rhétorique. sculpt., sculpture, sculpture. sing., singular, singulier. st.e., elevated style, style soutenu. subst., substantively, substantivement. surg., surgery, chirurgie. tech., technology, technologie. thea., theater, théâtre. theol., theology, théologie. triv., trivial, trivial. v., verb, verbe. v.a., verb active, verbe actif. vet., veterinary art, art vétérinaire. v.imp., verb impersonal, verbe impersonnel. v.n., verb neuter, verbe neutre. v.r., verb reflected, verbe réfléchi. V., vide, voir. zoöl., zoölogy, zoologie.

A GENERAL FRENCH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

A

=a=, n.m., the first letter of the alphabet, a. Panse d’a; oval of an a. Il ne sait ni ~a~ ni ~b~; he does not know a from b. Il n’a pas fait une panse d’a; he has not done a letter, a stroke. Un homme marqué à l’a; the beau-ideal of a man, a man thoroughly reliable. C’est un homme marqué à l’a; he is the soul of honor.

=a= (ab.), Altesse; Highness.

=aa= (ab.), Altesses; Highnesses.

=a=, at the beginning of French words, often comes from the privative α of the Greeks, and denotes privation; as, atonie, debility; acéphale, acephalous.

=à=, prep., denotes the end or term of the action of the verb, and indicates the person or thing this action tends to. Aller à Paris; to go to Paris. Parler à quelqu’un; to speak to some one.

=à= denotes extraction, separation. Oter une bague à quelqu’un; to take a ring from any one. Se soustraire aux poursuites de la justice; to abscond.

=à= denotes property, possession. Cette montre est à mon frère; this watch is my brother’s. Il a un style, une manière, à lui; he has a style, a manner, all his own. Cette ferme appartient à mon père; that farm belongs to my father.

=à= denotes period, time. Au lever du soleil; at sunrise. À l’aube du jour; at daybreak. Arriver à temps; to arrive in time. À mon retour; on my return.

=à= indicates what stops on the surface, or penetrates beyond it. Il a une bague au doigt; he has a ring on his finger. Blessé à l’épaule; wounded in the shoulder.

=à= establishes the relative distance between things and persons. À portée de canon; within cannon-shot. Il demeure à vingt lieues d’ici; he lives twenty leagues off. De vous à moi; between you and me, from you to me. De Paris à Rouen; from Paris to Rouen.

=à= points out whatever furnishes an inference or ground for conjecture. À l’œuvre on connait l’ouvrier; the workman is known by his work. Attendre à l’œuvre; to await results.

=à= denotes succession, gradation, order. Petit à petit; little by little. Un à un; one by one. Traduire mot à mot; to translate word for word, i.e., literally.

=à= is used in speaking of goods sold or bought by weight, measure, or quantity. Vendre du vin à la bouteille; to sell wine by the bottle. Vendre de la viande à la livre; to sell meat by the pound.

=à= denotes value, price. Dîner à trois francs par tête; to dine at three francs a head.

=à= denotes conformity, manner. S’habiller à la Française; to dress after the French fashion. A l’instar de la capitale; after the manner of the capital. À mon avis; in my opinion. Aller à pied, à cheval; to go on foot, to ride on horseback. Marcher à reculons; to walk backwards.

=à=, between two nouns, makes the second serve to denote the species or quality of the first. Canne à sucre; sugar-cane. Vache à lait; milch-cow.

=à=, between two numeral adjectives, signifies between, or about. Un homme de quarante à cinquante ans; a man between forty and fifty. Il y a quatre à cinq lieues; it is about four or five leagues distant.

Remark.—The French say quatre à cinq lieues, because leagues are things which may be divided into fractions; but, in speaking of things which cannot be divided, ou must be used. For instance, Quatre ou cinq personnes; four or five persons.

=à=, before an infinitive, commonly denotes what is proper to be done. Un avis à suivre; an opinion worth following. Un homme à récompenser ou à pendre; a man that deserves to be rewarded or hanged.

=à=, used in speaking of vehicles, signifies and. Une voiture à quatre chevaux, grandes guides; a carriage and four.

=à= is used in description instead of the English with. Un homme à barbe blanche; a man with a white beard. Une maison à pignon; a house with a gable, gabled.

=a=, has.

=abaca=, n.m., abaca, Manila hemp.

=abacus= (-kuss), n.m., abacus.

=abaisse=, n.f., the under-crust of pastry, piece of rolled paste.

=abaissé=, =-e=, part., lowered, brought low; dejected; diminished, flattened. Le pal est — (her.); the pale is abased.

=abaissement= (-bèss-man), n.m., lowering, falling, abatement, depression; humiliation, abasement; (surg.) couching. L’— des eaux; the abatement of the waters. Opération de la cataracte par —; couching.

=abaisser=, v.a., to let down, to let fall, to lower; to bring low down; to diminish, to reduce; to pull down; (gard.) to lop out; to debase, to cry down; to humble; to roll (paste); (surg.) to couch. — un pont-levis; to let down a drawbridge. — la voix; to lower the voice. Dieu abaisse les superbes; God humbles the proud. Abaisser une cataracte; (surg.) to couch a cataract.

s’=abaisser=, v.r., to fall, to decrease, to subside, to abate, to decline; to humble one’s self, to stoop, to sink, to cringe. S’— à le prier; to stoop so low as to entreat him.

=abaisseur=, n.m., (anat.) depressor.

=abaisseur=, adj., (anat.) depriment. Muscle —; depriment muscle.

=abait=, n.m., bait. V. =appât=.

=abaiter=, v.a., to bait. V. =appâter=.

=abajoue=, n.f., (mam.) cheek-pouch; gill, gills.

=abalourdir=, v.a., (fam.) to make dull and stupid.

=abandon=, n.m., forsaking, relinquishment, surrender; leaving things at random; abandonment, the being forsaken, forlornness, destitution, ease, unconstraint. Avoir un — séduisant; to have seductive manners. Se livrer avec — à; to indulge in.

à l’=abandon=, adv., at random, in confusion, at sixes and sevens. Laisser ses enfants à l’—; to neglect one’s children. Un champ qui est à l’—; a field left to run wild.

=abandonnataire=, n.m.f., (jur.) relessee.

=abandonné=, =-e=, part., abandoned, forsaken, given over. Un malade abandonné; a patient given up.

=abandonné=, =-e=, adj., abandoned, lost to decency, shameless, graceless, profligate.

=abandonné=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., profligate, rake; lewd, wicked, abandoned person.

=abandonnement= (-do-n-mān), n.m., abandonment, abandoning, forsaking; desertion, the being forsaken; the giving up one’s effects; leaving, quitting; dissoluteness, debauchery.

=abandonner=, v.a., to abandon, to quit, to leave, to desert, to forsake; to give up, to give over; to leave one at the disposal of; to deliver up; to let loose, let go. Il abandonna le pays; he left the country. — une cause; to give up a cause. — ses prétensions; to give up one’s claims. Mes forces m’abandonnent; my strength is failing me. — une corde; to let go a rope. — la partie; to give up the struggle.

s’=abandonner=, v.r., to give one’s self up, to addict one’s self, to give way to; to indulge in; to commit one’s self to; to prostitute one’s self; to be easy in one’s manners, to throw off all restraint. S’— à la colère, au plaisir, au hasard; to give way to anger, to indulge in pleasure, to trust to fortune.

☉=abannation= (-ba-na-), n.f., (jur.) abannition.

☉=abaptiste= (-ba-tist), adj., (surg.) abaptiston.

=abaque=, n.m., (arch. antiq.) abacus, plinth, the uppermost part of the capital of a column.

=abarticulation=, n.f., (anat.) abarticulation, diarthrosis.

=abas=, n.m., shower (bath), blight (in wheat). V. =teigne=.

=abasourdir=, v.a., (fam.) to stun, to dumfound, to astound; to stupefy.

=abâtardir=, v.a., to render degenerate; to debase, to corrupt, to spoil, to mar, to adulterate. La servitude abâtardit le courage; slavery debases courage. Un homme abâtardi; a degenerate man.

s’=abâtardir=, v.r., to degenerate, to grow worse.

=abâtardissement= (-mān), n.m., degeneracy.

=abat-chauvée=, n.f., (n.p.) flock-wool.

=abat-faim= (-fin), n.m., (—) large joint, substantial dish.

=abat-foin=, n.m., (—) opening above the rack to put the hay through; loft-trap.

=abat-jour=, n.m., (—) (arch.) sky-light, trunk-light; shade for a lamp; window-blind; (bot.) opening.

=abattage=, n.m., cutting down, felling, clearance (of a forest); (nav.) heaving down; careening; slaughtering (of animals).

☉=abattant=, n.m., shutter; flap (of a counter); lid.

=abattée=, n.f., (nav.) casting; falling off to leeward. Faire son —; to cast; to fall off.

=abattement= (-mān), n.m., faintness, low state, weakness, prostration; dejection, despondency, low spirits; (her.) abatement. Tomber dans l’—; to become low-spirited. Jeter dans l’—; to deject. Qui jette dans l’—; depressive.

=abatteur=, n.m., feller, knocker-off, slaughterer. C’est un grand — de bois; he is a great braggart.

=abattis=, n.m., houses, walls, trees, thrown down; the killing of game; giblets (of poultry); garbage; stones hewn down in a quarry; raw hides; slaughter, destruction. Abattis en ragoût; stewed giblets.

=abattoir=, n.m., slaughter-house.

=abattre=, v.a., to throw down, to hurl down; to pull down; to beat, to batter down; to bring down; to fell, to cut down, to hew down, to cut off; to knock down; to blow down; to lay (the dust); to let down; to soak (skins); to couch (the cataract); to waste (strength); to dispirit; to dishearten; to unman; to cast down, to depress; to humble. Le vent abattra le blé; the wind will throw the corn down. — un rideau; to let a curtain down. — les cuirs; to skin dead animals. — le pantalon; to remove the trousers. — les peaux; to soak the skins. — un vaisseau pour le caréner; to careen a ship. Un vaisseau dur à —; a ship hard to swing round. — un mât (nav.); to carry away a mast. La moindre chose l’abat; the least thing unmans him. Elle a l’air bien abattu; she looks very dejected. — l’orgueil de quelqu’un; to humble any one’s pride.

=abattre=, v.n., to lay down one’s cards (at play); (nav.) to fall off to leeward, to cast. Le vaisseau s’abat; the ship is driving to leeward.

s’=abattre=, v.r., to fall, to tumble down; to stoop; to abate; to be cast down, dejected; to break down (of horses); to burst (of a storm); to despond; to pounce upon. Le vent s’abat; the wind is falling. La chaleur s’abat; the heat is abating. Un orage terrible va s’abattre sur nous; a dreadful storm is about to burst upon us.

=abattu=, =-e=, adj., pulled, broken, cast down; depressed, dejected; humbled, crest-fallen. Je me sens tout —; I am quite out of spirits. Un visage —; a woe-begone countenance.

=abattures=, n.f.pl., (hunt.) abature; foiling (of a stag).

=abat-vent=, n.m., penthouse (of a steeple); pentice, wind-screen, louvre window.

=abat-voix=, n.m., sounding-board (of a pulpit).

=abbatial= (-cial), =-e=, adj., abbatial, abbatical.

=abbaye= (abéi), n.f., monastery, abbey. Administration d’une —; abbacy.

=abbé=, n.m., abbé, abbot, priest. Monsieur l’abbé, your Reverence.

=abbesse=, n.f., abbess. Dignité, fonctions, d’abbé, d’abbesse; abbotship.

=abc=, n.m., a, b, c, alphabet, primer; a, b, c, book; elements, rudiments, spelling-book. Apprendre son —; to learn one’s letters. Être à l’— de; to be at the a, b, c, of. Renvoyer quelqu’un à l’—; to make a person begin all over again.

=abcéder=, v.n., to form into an abscess, to apostemate, to gather, to come to a head.

=abcès=, n.m., abscess, apostem, gathering. Former, vider, un —; to form, to take the matter out of, an abscess. — aux gencives; gumboil.

=abcisse=, n.f. V. =abscisse=.

=abdication=, n.f., abdication; (jur.) disinheritance of a son during his father’s life-time; renunciation of (property). Faire —; to abdicate.

=abdiquer=, v.a., to abdicate, to resign, to forswear.

=abdomen= (-mè-n), n.m., abdomen.

=abdominal=, =-e=, adj., abdominal.

=abducteur=, adj., (anat.) abducent.

=abducteur=, n.m., abductor.

=abduction=, n.f., (anat. and log.) abduction.

s’=abéausir=, v.n., (nav.) to become fine (of weather at sea).

=abécédaire=, adj., of the a, b, c. Ouvrage —; child’s first-book.

=abécédaire=, n.m., alphabet, primer, spelling-book.

=abecquer=, v.a., to feed a bird.

=abée=, n.f., mill-dam.

*=abeille=, n.f., bee. — bourdon; bumble-bee. — domestique; hive bee. — mère; queen bee. — ouvrière; working bee. Ruche d’—s; bee-hive. Eleveur d’—; bee-master. Essaim d’—s; swarm of bees.

=abeillé=, =-e=, adj. & part., covered, ornamented with bees.

=abéquer=. V. =abecquer=.

=aberration=, n.f., aberration; (sciences) alienation. — de réfrangibilité; Newtonian aberration. Cercle d’—; crown of aberration.

=abêtir=, v.a., to stupefy; to stultify. V. =hébéter=.

=abêter=, v.n., s’=abêtir=, v.r., to grow stupid.

=ab hoc et ab hac=, adv., at random; confusedly.

=abhorrer=, v.a., to abhor, detest, loathe.

s’=abhorrer=, v.r., to abominate, loathe one another.

=abîme=, n.m., unfathomable depth, abyss, hell; a thing most abstruse or obscure; dipping-mold (for candles); (her.) the middle of the shield; fesse-point, heart point.

=abîmé=, =-e=, part., swallowed up, ingulfed, destroyed, spoiled. — de dettes; over head and ears in debt.

=abîmer=, v.a., to overthrow, to ingulf, to swallow up; to destroy entirely, to cut up, to crush; to spoil, to injure.

=abîmer=, v.n., to be destroyed, to be swallowed up, to sink; to perish, to be crushed.

s’=abîmer=, v.r., to fall into an abyss, to sink; to ruin, to undo one’s self; to be spoiled.

=ab intestat=, adv., abintestate. Succession —; intestate’s estate; intestacy.

=ab irato=, adv., in an angry fit. Parler, agir, —; to speak, to act, under the influence of anger.

=abject=, =-e= (-jékt), adj., abject, base, mean, low, vile, despicable.

=abjectement=, adv., abjectly.

=abjection=, n.f., abjection, baseness; humiliation; vileness, meanness.

=abjuration=, n.f., solemn renunciation, abjuration.

=abjuratoire=, adj., abjuratory. — acte; act of abjuration.

=abjurer=, v.a., to abjure, to deny, to forswear, to renounce. — une opinion; to abandon an opinion.

=ablactation=, n.f., (med.) ablactation, weaning.

=ablais=, n.m., (jurisp.) corn, either standing or cut down, but not carried or carted away.

=ablaquéation=, n.f., (gard.) ablaqueation.

=ablatif=, n.m., (gram.) ablative.

=ablation=, n.f., (surg.) ablation.

=ablativo=, (triv.) adv., in confusion; higgledy-piggledy.

=able=, n.m., or =ablette=, n.f., (fish) ablet, bleak.

=ablégat=, n.m., ablegate.

☉=ablégation=, n.m., ablegation.

=ablepsie=, n.f., (med.) ablepsy.

=ablier=, n.m., (fish.) purse-net; hoop-net.

☉=abluant=, =-e=, adj., (med.) abluent, cleansing.

☉=abluer=, v.a., to revive old writing, to wash with gall-nut.

=ablution=, n.f., ablution, washing, purification. Faire ses —s; to perform one’s ablutions.

=abnégation=, n.f., abnegation, renunciation, sacrifice. — de soi-même; self-denial. Faire — de; to renounce, set aside.

=aboi=, n.m., barking, baying.

=aboiement= or =aboîment= (-boa-mān), n.m., barking, baying.

=abois=, n.m.pl., despairing condition, last shift, distress. Aux —; at bay, hard up, at one’s wits’ end. Mettre aux —; to drive to extremities. La place est aux —; the place, citadel, can hold out no longer, is in desperate straits.

=abolir=, v.a., to abolish, to repeal, to annul. — un impôt; to take off a tax.

s’=abolir=, v.r., to fall into disuse, to become obsolete.

=abolissable=, adj., abolishable.

=abolissement= (-mān), n.m., abolishment.

=abolition=, n.f., abolition; royal pardon; repeal.

=abolitionniste=, n.m., abolitionist.

=abominable=, adj., abominable, execrable.

=abominablement=, adv., abominably.

=abomination=, n.f., abomination, detestation. Avoir en —; to abominate, to hold in detestation. Être en —; to be detested.

=abondamment= (-da-mān), adv., abundantly.

=abondance=, n.f., abundance, plenty, copiousness, plentifulness; multitude, affluence; richness, fullness (of language); weak wine-and-water (in schools). Corne d’—; horn of plenty, cornucopia. — de biens; opulence. Vivre, être, dans l’—; to live in plenty. Parler avec —; to speak fluently. Ecrire, parler, d’—; to write, to speak, extempore, offhand. — de biens ne nuit pas; store is no sore.

=abondant=, =-e=, adj., abounding, plentiful, copious; fruitful, exuberant, teeming, voluble, diffusive. Une langue —e; a copious language.

=abonder=, v.n., to abound in or with, to be full of; to overflow. Il abonde dans votre sens; he supports your opinion; he has come round to; he concurs in. — dans son sens; to be wedded to one’s own opinion.

=abonné=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., subscriber (to periodicals, theatres, &c.).

=abonnement= (-mān), n.m., subscription (to periodicals, theatres, &c.); agreement. Les —s sont suspendus pour ce soir (of places of amusement); season-tickets not available this evening.

=abonner=, v.a., to subscribe for.

s’=abonner=, v.r., to subscribe; to compound for. On s’abonne à; subscriptions are received at.

☉=abonnir=, v.a., to better, to mend, to improve.

☉=abonnir=, v.n., s’=abonnir=, v.r., to mend, to grow better.

☉=abonnissement= (-nis-mān), n.m., (fam.), improvement, amelioration.

=abord=, n.m., landing; arrival; access; admittance, approach; attack, onset. Avoir l’— facile; to be easy of access. De prime —; at first sight.

=à bord=, adv., aboard, on board.

d’=abord=, adv., first, at first, at first sight. Tout d’abord, au premier abord, dès l’abord; at first, from the very first. Dès l’abord, j’ai senti que je devais ... I felt, from the very first, that I ought ... or was to ...

=abordable=, adj., accessible, accostable, of easy access; approachable.

=abordage=, n.m., (nav.) landing; boarding; fouling. Aller or sauter à l’—; to board a ship, grapple.

=aborder=, v.n., to arrive at; to land.

=aborder=, v.a., to come near, to come to, to come up with; to board, to run foul of (a ship); to accost; to broach, handle (a subject). — un vaisseau ennemi; to board an enemy’s ship. — par accident; to run foul of. Il m’a abordé dans la rue; he accosted me in the street.

s’=aborder=, v.r., to run foul of each other; to come up with one another.

=abordeur=, n.m., boarding vessel.

=aborigène=, adj., first, original, aboriginal.

=aborigènes=, n.m., pl., aborigines.

=abornement=, n.m. V. =délimitation=.

=aborner=, v.a. V. =délimiter=.

=aborti-f=, =-ve=, adj., abortive.

=abot=, n.m., clog (for horses’ fore feet).

=abouchement= (-boosh-mān), n.m., interview, conference, parley; (anat.) anastomosis, inosculation.

=aboucher=, v.a., to bring together, to confer.

s’=aboucher=, v.r., to have an interview; to confer with; to place one’s self in communication with; (anat.) to inosculate.

=about=, n.m., (carp.) end, butt-end.

=abouté=, =-e=, adj., placed end to end.

=aboutement= (-boot-mān), n.m., (carp.) but, abutment.

=abouter=, v.a., to join end to end.

=aboutir=, v.n., to join; to border upon; to meet; (surg.) to burst; to come to; to tend to; to end in. N’— à rien; to come to nothing; to end in smoke. Ce champ aboutit à un marais; this field borders upon a fen. Faire — un abcès; to bring an abscess to a head. S’aboutir (gard.); to bud, be covered with buds.

=aboutissant=, =-e=, adj., bordering upon.

=aboutissants= (rarely used without the word tenants), n.m., pl., boundaries of an estate; abuttals, particulars; connections. Je n’aime pas les tenants et — de cet homme; I do not like the set by which that man is surrounded. Savoir les tenants et — d’une affaire; to know all about a thing.

=aboutissement= (-mān), n.m., eking piece (tailoring); (surg.) the drawing to a head.

=ab ovo=, adv., from the very beginning.

=aboyant=, =-e=, adj., barking.

=aboyer=, v.n., to bark, to bay, to yelp; to dun. Il aboie après tout le monde; he snarls at everybody. — après quelque chose; to long for a thing, covet a thing. — à la lune; to bark when one cannot bite; to complain in vain.

=aboyeur=, n.m., barker; snarler; dun; touter; link-man (at the door of a theatre): (orni.) greenshank. Ce journaliste n’est qu’un —; this journalist is nothing but a snarling critic.

=abrac=, n.m., abraxas.

=abracadabra=, n.m., abracadabra (magical word).

=abraquer=, v.a., (nav.) to haul taut.

=abrasion=, n.m., (med.) abrasion, excoriation.

=abraxas=, n.m., abracadabra.

=abrégé=, =-e=, adj., short, summary.

=abrégé=, n.m., abridgment, compendium, epitome, abstract, summary. En —; in a few words, briefly. Réduire en —; to epitomize.

=abréger=, v.a., to abridge, to shorten, to epitomize; to abbreviate, to cut down, to cut short. Pour —; to be brief.

s’=abréger=, v.r., to become short, or shorter.

=abreuvage=, =abreuvement=, n.m., watering, soaking, steaming, priming.

=abreuver=, v.a., to water, to give drink to; to make drink; to soak, to drench; to fill; (paint.) to prepare, to prime; to soak (wood).

s’=abreuver= =de=, v.r., (of animals) to go to water; to drink plentifully; to be steeped in. S’— de larmes; to shed copious tears. S’— de douleurs; to be filled with grief; to drain to the dregs the cup of sorrow. Un cœur abreuvé de fiel; a heart steeped in gall.

=abreuvoir=, n.m., watering-place, horse-pond; (mas.) abreuvoir. — à mouches (burlesque style); a large wound or gash on the head or face.

=abréviateur=, n.m., abbreviator, abridger.

=abréviati-f=, =-ve=, adj., abbreviatory, abridging, abbreviating.

=abréviation=, n.f., abbreviation, contraction.

=abri=, n.m., shelter, cover. Être sous l’— d’un bois; to be sheltered by a wood. Sans —; homeless. Donner un — à; to shelter. À l’—; sheltered, under cover. Être à l’—; to be under shelter. Être à l’— du vent; to be sheltered from the wind. À l’— de la persécution; safe from persecution. Mettre à l’—; to shelter, screen.

=abricot=, n.m., apricot.

=abricoté=, n.m., candied apricot.

=abricotier=, n.m., apricot-tree.

=abrier=, v.a., (nav.) to becalm; to belee.

=abriter=, v.a., to shelter, to shield, to screen, to shade, to protect; (nav.) to becalm, belee.

=abrité=, =-e=, adj., (gard.) sheltered.

s’=abriter=, v.r., to shelter one’s self; to take shelter; to assist. Abritez-vous mutuellement; mutually assist each other.

=abrivent=, n.m., (gard.) matting, screen; shelter; sentry-box; hut.

=abrogation=, n.f., abrogation, repeal; annulment.

=abroger=, v.a., to abrogate, to repeal, to annul.

s’=abroger=, v.r., to fall into disuse, to grow obsolete.

=abrome=, n.m., (bot.) abroma.

=abrouti=, =-e=, adj., nipped, browsed.

=abroutissement= (-mān), n.m., damage done to trees by cattle browsing.

=abrupt=, =-e=, adj., rugged, craggy; (bot.) abrupt.

=abruption=, n.f., abruption; (surg.) rupture, fracture.

ex =abrupto=, adv., adj., suddenly, bluntly, off-hand, on the spur of the moment; abrupt, impetuous.

=abrutir=, v.a., to stupefy, to besot, to brutalize.

s’=abrutir=, v.r., to become stupid, to be besotted, to get brutalized.

=abrutissant=, =-e=, adj., brutalizing, stupefying.

=abrutissement= (-mān), n.m., brutishness, stupor, sottishness.

=abrutisseur=, n.m., brutalizer; adj., stupefying, brutalizing.

=abscisse=, n.f., (geom.) abscissa.

=absence=, n.f., absence, inadvertence, want of. — d’esprit; absence of mind. Avoir des —s d’esprit; to have fits of absence. Remarquer l’— de; to miss.

=absent=, =-e=, adj., absent, out of the way, missing, wanting; (of the mind) wandering.

=absent=, n.m., one absent, absentee. Les —s ont toujours tort; the absent are always in the wrong.

s’=absenter=, v.r., to absent one’s self; to keep out of the way.

=absentéisme=, n.m., absenteeism.

=abside=, n.f., (arch. and rel.) apse.

=absinthe=, n.f., absinthe, wormwood; bitters.

=absolu=, n.m., absolute, existing independent of any other cause.

=absolu=, =-e=, adj., absolute; arbitrary, despotical, unlimited; peremptory; magisterial; positive, unconditional; full, strict.

=absolument=, adv., absolutely, arbitrarily, peremptorily; positively, indispensably, fully. Il refusa —; he gave a flat denial.

=absolution=, n.f., absolution; acquittal; discharge. Sans avoir reçu l’—; unabsolved.

=absolutisme=, n.m., absolutism.

=absolutiste=, n.m.f., partisan of absolute power.

=absolutoire=, adj., absolutory.

=absorbable=, adj., absorbable.

=absorbant=, =-e=, adj., absorptive, absorbent.

=absorbent=, n.m., absorbent.

=absorbé=, =-e=, part., absorbed, engrossed, rapt in. Il est — dans l’étude; he is absorbed in study.

=absorbement=, n.m., absorption (of mind).

=absorber=, v.a., to absorb, to swallow up; to drink in, to consume, to waste; to engross, to occupy entirely; to take up.

s’=absorber=, v.r., to be absorbed, or swallowed up.

=absorption=, n.f., absorption.

=absoudre= (absolvant, absous), v.a., to absolve, to acquit, to bring in not guilty, to clear; to give absolution.

=absou-s=, =-te=, part., acquitted, absolved, discharged.

=absoute=, n.f., (c.rel.) general absolution.

=abstème=, adj., abstemious.

=abstème=, n.m.f., abstainer.

=abstenant=, =-e=, n.m.f., abstainer, total abstainer, teetotaler.

s’=abstenir=, v.r., to abstain, to refrain, to forbear, to forego. S’— de vin; to abstain from wine.

=abstention=, n.f., abstention, abstinency; withdrawal of a judge from a trial.

=abstergent=, =-e=, adj., (med.) cleansing; abstersive; abstergent.

=abstergent=, n.m., (med.) abstergent, detergent.

=absterger=, v.a., to absterge; to cleanse.

=abstersi-f=, =-ve=, adj., (med.) abstersive, cleansing.

=abstersion=, n.f., (surg.) abstersion.

=abstinence=, n.f., abstinence, temperance, sobriety, fasting.

=abstinent=, =-e=, adj., abstemious, sober.

=abstracti-f=, =-ve=, adj., abstractive.

=abstraction=, n.f., absence of mind, abstraction. Avoir des —s; to have fits of absence. Par —; abstractedly. — faite de; setting aside; exclusive of.

=abstractivement= (-mān), adv., abstractly, separately.

=abstraire= (abstrayant, abstrait), v.a., to draw from, to separate, to abstract.

=abstrait=, =-e=, adj., abstract; abstruse; inattentive, absent-minded.

=abstraitement= (-trèt-mān), adv., abstractedly, separately.

=abstrus=, =-e=, adj., abstruse, intricate, difficult; dark, obscure, recondite.

=absurde=, adj., absurd, nonsensical, foolish, irrational, preposterous. Réduire une opinion à l’—; to show the absurdity of an opinion. Tomber dans l’—; to fall into the absurd.

=absurdement=, adv., absurdly, nonsensically.

=absurdité=, n.f., absurdity, nonsense, preposterousness, foolishness.

=abus=, n.m., abuse, misuse, breach (of a thing); grievance; error. Réformer, corriger, les —; to redress grievances, nuisances. Appel comme d’— (leg.); appeal by writ of error.

=abuser=, v.n., to abuse, to impose on, to misuse, to use ill, to make a bad use of, to misemploy. Vous abusez de ma patience; you take advantage of my patience.

=abuser=, v.a., to cheat, to deceive, to delude, to gull.

s’=abuser=, v.r., to mistake, to be mistaken, to deceive one’s self.

=abuseur=, n.m., (l.u.), cheat, deceiver, impostor.

=abusi-f=, =-ve=, adj., abusive, improper, against rules, custom.

=abusivement= (-mān), adv., abusively, improperly.

=abuter=, v.a., to throw for first go, aim. v.n., (shipbuilding) to abut.

=abyme=, n.m. V. =abîme=.

=acabit=, n.m., quality (of fruits, vegetables); quality, stamp, kidney (of persons). Cet homme est d’un bon —; he is a good sort of fellow. Ce sont des gens du même —; they are all tarred with the same brush.

=acacia=, n.m., acacia; gum-tree.

=académicien= (-si-in), n.m., academician.

=académie=, n.f., academy, society of learned men; academy (division of the University of France); academy (Plato’s); university; ☉riding-school; pupils, school. Tenir —; to keep a gaming-house; (paint.) academy figure.

=académique=, adj., belonging to an academy, academical.

=académiquement= (-mik-mān), adv., academically.

☉=académiser=, v.n., to paint from a model.

=académiste=, n.m., academist, pupil.

*=acagnarder=, v.a., (fam.) to accustom to sloth; to make idle.

s’=acagnarder=, v.r., to grow slothful, to lead an idle life; to become besotted.

=acajou=, n.m., mahogany. Noix d’—; cashew nut. Pomme d’—; cashew apple.

=acanthe=, n.f., acanthus, bear’s foot.

=acare= or =acarus=, n.m., acarus, itch, animalcule, mite.

=acariâtre=, adj., crabbed, cross-grained, waspish, shrewish.

=acariâtreté=, n.f., peevishness, crabbedness.

=acariens=, n.m.pl., (ent.) acaridae.

=acatalecte=, =acatalectique=, n.m. and adj., acatalectic.

=acatalepsie=, n.f., (med.) acatalepsy.

=acataleptique=, adj., acataleptic.

=acaule=, adj., (bot.) acaulous, acaulose.

=accablant=, =-e=, adj., grievous, oppressive, insufferable, overwhelming; annoying, crushing, sweltering.

=accablé=, =-e=, adj., dejected, depressed. Être —; to be extremely low-spirited.

=accablement=, n.m., heaviness, languor, grief, dejection of spirits, oppression, discouragement. Être dans l’—; to be in the greatest dejection.

=accabler=, v.a., to crush, to bear down, to overwhelm; to throw, to weigh, to press down; to overload; to overpower; to afflict; to deject, to depress, to overwhelm; to load with, to heap on.

=accalmie=, n.f., (nav.) lull.

=accaparement= (-mān), n.m., monopoly, engrossment, forestalling, buying up.

=accaparer=, v.a., to engross, to monopolize, to forestall; to swallow up, to buy up.

=accapareu-r=, n.m., =-se=, n.f., monopolist, engrosser, forestaller, monopolizer.

*=accastillage=, n.m., the space occupied by the forecastle and quarter-deck; upper-work.

*=accastiller=, v.a., to provide a ship with a fore and a hind-castle.

*=accastillé=, =-e=, adj., (of a ship) having a fore and a hind-castle. Haut —; with high upper works.

=accéder=, v.n., to accede, to comply with, to agree to, consent.

=accélérat-eur=, =-rice=, adj., accelerative.

=accélération=, n.f., acceleration, haste, dispatch.

=accéléré=, =-e=, adj., accelerated, quickened. Au pas —; in double quick time. Pas —; quick march.

=accélérer=, v.a., to accelerate, to quicken; to despatch, to forward, to hasten.

☉=accenser= or =acenser=, v.a., to lease, to let, to rent, to annex, to join, to unite.

=accent=, n.m., stress of the voice, accent, note; pronunciation, emphasis, expression. — aigu, circonflexe, grave; acute, circumflex, grave, accent. — nasillard; twang. — très-fortement prononcé; broad accent. Sans —; unaccented. Prêtez l’oreille à mes —s; hearken to my strain.

=accenteur=, n.m., (ornith.) accentor.

=accentuation=, n.f., accentuation.

=accentué=, =-e=, adj., accented, accentuated.

=accentuer=, v.a., to accent, to accentuate, to lay stress on.

=acceptable=, adj., acceptable, worth accepting.

=acceptant=, n.m., (jur.) accepter.

=acceptation=, n.f., acceptance.

=accepter=, v.a., to accept, to receive, to admit; to resign one’s self to. Qui vaut la peine d’être accepté; worth accepting.

=accepteur=, n.m., (com.) acceptor.

☉=acceptilation=, n.f., acceptilation.

=acception=, n.f., respect, regard; (of words) sense, meaning, acceptation. — de personnes; respect of persons.

=accès=, n.m., access, approach, admittance, attack, fit (of fever), paroxysm, madness. Par —; by fits and starts.

=accessibilité=, n.f., accessibility.

=accessible=, adj., accessible, approachable, easy to come at.

=accession=, n.f., access, entry; accession; adhesion.

=accessit= (-sit), n.m., the second best, the first after the prizeman (in academies, schools). Proxime —; honorable mention.

=accessoire=, adj., accessory, additional.

=accessoire=, n.m., accessory, minor; (paint.) accessory; (thea.) property. Fournisseur d’—s or chef d’—; property-man.

=accessoirement=, adv., accessorily.

=accident=, n.m., accident, incident, casualty; (paint.) accident; (med.) symptom, complication; (mus.) incidental; irregularity, undulation (in ground). Par —; accidentally.

=accidenté=, =-e=, adj., rough, uneven, unequal, broken, hilly (of ground); picturesque.

=accidentel=, =-le=, adj., accidental, adventitious, incidental; fortuitous, eventual, casual.

=accidentellement= (-mān), adv., accidentally, casually, by chance.

=accipitres=, n.m.pl., accipiters.

=accipitrin=, =-e=, adj., accipitrine.

=accise=, n.f., inland duty, excise. Préposé a l’—; exciseman.

=acclamation=, n.f., acclamation, shout, cheering, huzza, applause. Saluer par des —s; to cheer.

=acclamer=, v.a., to acclaim, to applaud, to hail, to welcome.

=acclamper=, v.a., (nav.) to clamp.

=acclimatable=, adj., acclimatizable.

=acclimatation=, =acclimatement=, n.f., acclimatization.

=acclimater=, v.a., to acclimatize, to accustom to a climate.

s’=acclimater=, v.r., to become acclimatized.

=accointance=, n.f., (fam. and b.s.) acquaintance, commerce, intimacy, connection.

s’=accointer=, v.r., to become or get intimately acquainted with any one.

=accoisement=, n.m., appeasement.

=accoiser=, v.a., to appease, calm, quiet. S’—, v.r., to become appeased; to end.

=accolade=, n.f., embrace, hug; accolade; (cook. —, mus. — print.) brace; a crooked line. — brisée; (print.) half-brace. Une — de lapereaux; a brace of rabbits. Donner l’— à; to embrace, to dub a knight. Recevoir l’—; to be made a knight.

=accolader=, v.a., to bracket.

=accolage=, n.m., tying up; nailing up.

=accolé=, =-e=, part., (her.) joined together.

=accolement=, n.m., joining, uniting; union.

=accoler=, v.a., to hug, to embrace; to place side by side; to couple; (hort.) to prop, to tie up.

=accolure=, n.f., (agri.) a band of straw, osier.

=accommodable=, adj., that may be arranged; accommodable.

=accommodage=, n.m., the dressing of meat, cooking; hair-dressing.

=accommodant=, =-e=, adj., accommodating, complying, courteous.

=accommodé=, =-e=, part., favored, fitted up, adjusted; (cook.) dressed; well off, well to do.

=accommodement= (-mān), n.m., accommodation, agreement, arrangement, composition; settlement; reconciliation; way, medium. Un homme d’—; a man easy to deal with. En venir à un —; to come to terms.

=accommoder=, v.a., to adapt, to accommodate, to fit, to make up; to mend, to improve; to reconcile, to conciliate; to adjust; to be convenient; to dress, to trim; to cook; to treat, to serve out; to thrash; to let have, to sell. Ceci vous accommodera-t-il? will this suit you?

s’=accommoder=, v.r., to agree, to come to terms; to accommodate one’s self; to suit; to make free with; to be pleased with, to put up with. — à tout; to put up with anything. — de tout; to be pleased with everything.

*=accompagnat-eur=, n.m., =-rice=, n.f., (mus.) accompanist.

*=accompagnement= (-mān), n.m., accompanying; attendance, retinue; accompaniment; accessory, appendix. — de quatuor; accompaniment for stringed instruments. — d’harmonie; accompaniment for wind instruments. — à grand orchestre; full accompaniment.

*=accompagner=, v.a., to accompany, to escort, to wait on, to attend; to be of the retinue, to follow; to match, to suit with; to add, to back; to be the accompanist. J’ai eu l’honneur de l’— chez elle; I had the honor of seeing her home.

s’=accompagner=, v.r., to be accompanied; to accompany one’s self (on an instrument).

=accompli=, =-e=, adj., accomplished, performed, fulfilled; complete; faultless, perfect. Une beauté —; a perfect beauty.

=accomplir=, v.a., to accomplish, to effect; to finish, to complete; to fulfill, to make good. — sa promesse; to carry out one’s promise.

s’=accomplir=, v.r., to be accomplished, to be performed, to be past.

=accomplissement= (-mān), n.m., accomplishment, fulfillment; completion, execution, observance.

=accon=, n.m., small lighter, punt.

=accoquiner=. V. =acoquiner=.

=accorage=, n.m., propping.

=accord=, n.m., agreement, bargain, contract, convention, settlement, stipulation; consent, concurrence; good understanding, unity; (mus.) accord, chord; (paint.) harmony, accord. Être d’—; demeurer d’—; tomber d’—; to agree, to be agreed. Mettre d’—; to reconcile. D’—; granted, done. D’un commun —; by common consent. Être d’—; (mus.) to be in tune. Tenir d’—; to keep in tune.

=accordable=, adj., grantable, that may be granted; (mus.) tunable; (of men) reconcilable.

*=accordailles=, n.f.pl., (pop.) the ceremony of signing the articles of marriage, espousals.

=accordant=, =-e=, adj., (mus.) accordant, tunable, harmonious, concordant.

=accorde!= int. (nav.) now! (order given to rowers to pull together).

=accordé=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., bridegroom, bride (after the marriage articles are signed); one who is betrothed, granted.

=accordéon=, n.m., accordion.

=accorder=, v.a., to grant, to allow, to accord, to give, to allot, to bestow, to concede; to admit, to give up; to make friends, to reconcile; (gram.) to make agree; (mus.) to tune, to string. — mal; to mistune. Accordez vos flûtes; agree upon it between you.

s’=accorder=, v.r., to agree, to suit, to be suited, to accord, to correspond; to square; to join, to concur. S’— du prix; to agree upon the price. Il ne s’accorde pas avec lui-même; he is inconsistent with himself.

=accordeu-r=, n.m., =-se=, n.f., tuner (of instruments). Clef d’—; tuning-hammer.

=accordoir=, n.m., tuning-hammer.

=accore=, n.f., (nav.) shore, prop, stanchion.

=accore=, adj., bluff, steep.

=accorer=, v.a., (nav.) to shore up, to prop, to stay, to wedge.

=accorné=, =-e=, adj., (her.) horned.

=accort=, =-e=, adj., flexible, complying, courteous, affable.

=accortise=, n.f., complaisance, affability, courtesy.

=accostable=, adj., (l.u.) accostable, easy of access. Il n’est pas —; he is not approachable.

=accoste=, n.m., (nav.) order to bring alongside.

=accoster=, v.a., to accost, to make up to, to come or go up to one, to join, to couple; (nav.) to come alongside.

s’=accoster= =de=, v.r., to keep company with, to make acquaintance with, to frequent.

=accotar=, n.m. V. =accotoir=.

=accotement=, n.m., (engineering) driftway; (rail.) bank, outer way.

=accoter=, v.a., to prop up, to support, to bear up, to lean; (hort.) to dung, to match, to screen.

s’=accoter=, v.r., to lean on anything, to support one’s self.

=accotoir=, n.m., prop, leaning-stock, stanchion; (nav.) stay, shore.

=accouchée=, n.f., a woman in child-bed, lying-in woman.

=accouchement= (-koosh-mān), n.m., child-bed; delivery, confinement, accouchement; obstetrics; midwifery. Hôpital des —s; lying-in hospital. Faire un —; to deliver a woman.

=accoucher=, v.n., to lie in, to be brought to bed, to be delivered. — avant terme; to miscarry. Accouchez donc! (fam.) come, out with it!

=accoucher=, v.a., to deliver a woman.

=accoucheur=, n.m., man-midwife, accoucheur.

=accoucheuse=, n.f., a midwife.

s’=accouder=, v.r., to lean on one’s elbow.

=accoudoir=, n.m., anything to lean the elbow upon, elbow-rest, sill, rail.

=accouer=, v.a., to tie the halter of the first horse to the tail of the second, and so on; to wound a stag in the shoulder, to ham-string him.

=accoulins=, n.m.pl., alluvion; clay for making bricks.

=accouple=, n.f., leash, brace, couple.

=accouplement=, n.m., coupling, pairing, joining or yoking together; copulation.

=accoupler=, v.a., to couple; to tack or join together; to yoke; to match, to pair. — des bœufs; to yoke oxen.

s’=accoupler=, v.r., to couple, to copulate; to pair.

=accourcie=, n.f., short cut; a passage formed in a ship’s hold, to go fore and aft.

=accourcir=, v.a., to shorten, to make shorter, to abridge.

s’=accourcir=, v.r., to shorten, to grow shorter, to decrease.

=accourcissement= (-mān), n.m., shortening, diminution.

=accourir=, v.n., to run to, to hasten, to flock together, to run at, to rush at.

=accoutré=, =-e=, part., accoutred, dressed.

=accoutrement=, n.m., (jest. or iron.) garb, dress, gear.

=accoutrer=, v.a., (jest. or iron.) to dress out, rig out.

s’=accoutrer=, v.r., to dress one’s self out in, to rig one’s self out.

☉=accoutumance=, n.f., habit, custom.

=accoutumé=, =-e=, adj., accustomed, habitual, used to. À l’—e; as usual, customarily.

=accoutumer=, v.a., to accustom, to use, to habituate; to inure.

=accoutumer=, v.n., to use, to be wont.

s’=accoutumer=, v.r., to accustom, to use, to inure one’s self.

☉=accouvé=, =-e=, (fam.) adj., brooding over (the fire).

=accréditer=, v.a., to accredit; to give reputation, credit, sanction to; to bring into vogue, to procure esteem, to confirm, to spread (rumors).

s’=accréditer=, v.r., to get a name or reputation, to get into credit; to ingratiate one’s self.

=accrétion=, n.f., (med.) accretion.

=accroc= (-krô), n.m., impediment, hitch, hindrance; rent, tear. Faire un — à; to tear.

☉=accroche=, n.f., hindrance, obstacle, hitch.

=accroche-cœur=, n.m., (—) (curl) heart-breaker, kiss-curl. En —; curled up, twisted.

=accrochement=, n.m., locking (of carriages); difficulty, hitch, delay.

=accrocher=, v.a., to hang up or upon, to hook; to catch, to tear; to get, to pick up; to lock, to get locked with; to grapple (a ship); to delay, stop, put off, pawn. — sa montre; to pawn one’s watch. Il lui à accroché de l’argent; he has done him out of some money.

s’=accrocher=, v.r., to catch in; to hang on; to lay hold of, to cling to.

=accroire=, v.a., to believe. Faire — à; to make believe. En faire — à quelqu’un; to impose upon any one. S’en faire —; to be self-conceited, to overrate one’s self.

=accroissement=, n.m., increase, growth, enlargement, extension, development.

=accroître=, v.a., to increase, to enlarge, to amplify, to augment, to raise.

=accroître=, v.n., to increase, to augment.

s’=accroître=, v.r., to increase, to grow; to be augmented or advanced, to improve.

=accroupi=, =-e=, adj., squat, cowering, crouching.

s’=accroupir=, v.r., to sit down upon the hams or heels, to squat, to crouch.

=accroupissement= (-mān), n.m., cowering, squatting, crouching.

=accru=, n.m., sprig produced by roots, shoot.

=accrue=, n.f., increase of land caused by the retiring of waters; encroachment by trees on adjoining land.

*=accueil= (-keu), n.m., reception, welcome, greeting; (com.) protection, honor (of bills). Faire —; to receive kindly (of bills), to meet. Recevoir bon —; to meet with due honor, protection; to be greeted, welcomed; (com.) to be met, honored (of bills).

*=accueillir= (-keu-), v.a., to receive, to make welcome, to entertain; to hail; to overtake; to assail; (com.) to honor; to protect. Être bien accueilli; to be received with a hearty welcome. La tempête nous accueillit; the storm overtook us.

=accul=, n.m., place that has no egress; blind alley; small bay, cove; (hunt.) terrier, lodge, hole; breeching (of a cannon).

=acculer=, v.a., to bring to a stand; to drive into a corner; to drive into a place from which there is no escape; (hunt.) to run home.

=acculer=, v.n., (of carts) to hang backwards.

=accumulat-eur=, n.m., =-rice=, n.f., accumulator.

=accumulation=, n.f., accumulation.

=accumuler=, v.a., to accumulate, to heap up, to store, to amass. — crime sur crime; to heap crime upon crime.

s’=accumuler=, v.r., to accumulate, to increase.

=accusable=, adj., accusable, impeachable, chargeable.

=accusat-eur=, n.m., =-rice=, n.f., accuser, indicter, impeacher.

=accusatif=, n.m., (gram.) accusative case. A l’—; in the accusative.

=accusation=, n.f., accusation, indictment, impeachment, charge; complaint; prosecution. Chef d’—; count of an indictment. Mise en —; arraignment. Intenter une —; to prefer an indictment. Mettre en —; to impeach. Prononcer la mise en —; to find a true bill.

=accusatoire=, adj., accusatory.

=accusé=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., accused, prisoner, culprit. — de réception; (com.) acknowledgment of letter, receipt.

=accuser=, v.a., to accuse of, to charge with; to indict, to impeach; to reproach, to tax; to blame; to dispute the validity of a deed; to mention, to give notice; (fig.) to show, to indicate, to betray, to attest. — réception d’une lettre; to acknowledge the receipt of a letter.

s’=accuser=, v.r., to accuse one’s self.

=acéphale=, adj., acephalous, without a head.

=acéphales=, n.m.pl., acephala.

=acérain=, =-e=, adj., relating to steel, steely.

=acerbe=, adj., sour, sharp, acerb; harsh, bitter.

=acerbité=, n.f., acerbity, harshness; bitterness.

=acéré=, =-e=, adj., steely, steeled; sharp, keen, sharp-edged; acerose.

=acérer=, v.a., to steel.

☉=acéreu-x=, =-se=, adj., acerose, needle-shaped.

=acescence=, n.f., acescency, acidifying.

=acescent=, =-e=, adj., acescent.

=acétabule=, n.m., acetabulum.

=acétate=, n.m., acetate.

=acéteu-x=, =-se=, adj., acetous.

=acétique=, adj., acetic.

=achalandage=, n.m., custom, connection; good will and fixtures.

=achalandé=, =-e=, part., having custom. Boutique bien —e; a well-frequented shop, doing or driving a good trade.

=achalander=, v.a., to get custom, to procure customers, to procure custom to.

s’=achalander=, v.r., to get or draw, attract, customers.

=acharné=, =-e=, adj., fleshed; rabid; infuriated; implacable; desperate; obstinate; intense. Un combat —; a desperate fight. Une haine —e; an implacable hatred.

=acharnement=, n.m., tenacity; rancor, blind fury; stubbornness, ill-nature; obstinacy, desperation. Avec —; unmercifully. C’est de l’—; this is rank fury.

=acharner=, v.a., to flesh; to rouse, to madden; to set on; to embitter, to envenom.

s’=acharner=, v.r., to be intent, bent, set upon; to set one’s heart upon; to persist in; to be infuriated, implacable. Il s’acharne à l’étude; his heart is set upon study.

☉=achars=, n.m.pl., Indian pickles.

=achat=, n.m., purchase, purchasing, buying; bargain. Faire des —s; to purchase.

=ache=, n.f., (bot.) smallage.

=achée=, n.f., worms, gentles, bait.

=acheminement= (ash-mi-n-mān), n.m., step; preparatory measure, means, way, dispatch.

=acheminer= (ash-mi-né), v.a., to forward, to send on.

s’=acheminer=, v.r., to set out or forward, to make one’s way towards; to begin one’s journey; to proceed towards; to get on.

=acheter= (ash-té), v.a., to buy, to purchase, to bribe. — cher ou bon marché; to buy dear or cheap. — en bloc; to buy in a lump. — chat en poche; to buy a pig in a poke.

s’=acheter=, v.r., to buy for one’s self, to be bought.

=acheteur= (ash-teur), n.m., buyer, purchaser, last bidder.

=achevé=, =-e=, part., finished, perfect, exquisite, absolute; downright, consummate, arrant. Beauté —e; a perfect beauty. Sot —; downright ass.

=achèvement= (-shev-mān), n.m., completion, finishing, conclusion.

=achever= (ash-vé), v.a., to finish, to put the finishing hand to; to close, to end, to conclude, to terminate, to perfect, to crown, to consummate; to dispatch, to kill. — de boire; to drink up. Achevez! out with it! Il n’acheva pas; he said no more.

=acheveur=, =-se=, n.m.f., finisher.

=achillée=, n.f., (bot.) milfoil, yarrow.

=achit=, n.m., wild vine.

=achoppement= (-shop-mān), n.m., stumbling, impediment. Pierre d’—; stumbling-block.

=achopper=, v.n., to stumble, to knock one’s self against anything; (fig.) to fail.

=achromatique= (-kro-), adj., achromatic.

=achromatisme= (-kro-), n.m., (opt.) achromatism.

☉=achronique= (-kro-), adj. V. =acronyque=.

=aciculaire=, adj., acicular, needle-shaped.

=acide=, n.m., acid.

=acide=, adj., acid, sour, tart, sharp.

=acidifier=, v.a., to acidify.

=acidité=, n.f., acidity, sourness, sharpness, tartness.

=acidule=, adj., of the nature of acids, acidulous.

=acidulé=, =-e=, adj., acidulated.

=aciduler=, v.a., to acidulate.

=acier=, n.m., steel. — fondu; cast steel. — indien, — wootz; wootz. — poule, — de cémentation; blistered steel. Articles d’—; steel wares. Bijouterie d’—; polished steel wares. Fil d’—; steel wire.

=aciérage=, n.m., (metal.) the hardening of copper, steeling, plating with steel.

=aciération=, n.f., the converting of iron into steel.

=aciérer=, v.a., to convert into steel, to steel.

=aciérie=, n.f., steel manufactory, steel-works.

=acineu-x=, =-se=, adj., acinose, acinous.

=aciniforme=, adj., aciniform.

=acmé=, n.m., (med.) acme.

=acné=, n.f., (med.) acne.

=acolyte=, n.m., acolothist, acolyte; companion, confederate, associate.

=acompte=, n.m., installment, partial payment.

=acon=, n.m. V. =accon=.

=aconit= (-nit), n.m., aconite, wolf’s-bane, monk’s hood. — tue-chien; dog’s-bane.

=acoquinant=, =-e=, adj., (fam.) alluring, engaging, captivating.

=acoquiner=, v.a., (fam.) to allure, to bewitch; to captivate.

s’=acoquiner=, v.r., (fam.) to be bewitched, to be greatly attached to. Il s’acoquine auprès de cette femme; he is much in love with that woman.

=acotylédone=, adj., (of plants) acotyledonous.

=acoup=, n.m., (—s) jerk, sudden stop, or halt.

=acoustique=, n.f. (n.p.), acoustics.

=acoustique=, adj., acoustic. Cordon —; speaking-pipe. Cornet —; ear-trumpet. Voûte —; whispering dome, gallery.

=acquéreur=, n.m., buyer, purchaser.

=acquérir= (acquérant, acquis), v.a., to acquire, to purchase, to buy, to obtain; to get, to achieve, to attain, to gain, to win.

s’=acquérir=, v.r., to get, to be gotten, to be acquired, obtained, or purchased, to win for one’s self.

=acquêt=, n.m., (jur.) common property of two married people, acquisition, purchase.

=acquiescement= (-mān), n.m., acquiescence, compliance, consent, willingness.

=acquiescer=, v.n., to acquiesce, to agree, to assent, to yield, to comply.

=acquis=, part. of Acquérir.

=acquis=, =-e=, adj., acquired; added; secured; (med.) adventitious.

=acquis=, n.m., acquired knowledge, acquirements, attainments.

=acquisition=, n.f., acquisition, getting, acquiring, attaining, purchase, conquest. Contrat d’—; deed of purchase.

=acquit=, n.m., discharge, receipt; lead (at billiards). Par manière d’—; for form’s sake. Jouer à l’—; to play who shall pay for the whole. Pour acquit (on bills), paid. Donner — de; to give a receipt for. Mettre son — à; to put “paid” on to receipt.

=acquit-à-caution=, n.m., (—s-—) (customs) permit.

☉=acquit-patent=, n.m., (—s-—s) royal decree granting the remission of a debt.

=acquittement= (-mān), n.m., payment, clearing off, liquidation; acquittal.

=acquitter=, v.a., to pay, to pay off, to clear, to quit; to receipt; to acquit, to discharge.

s’=acquitter=, v.r., to fulfill, to perform; to pay off one’s debts, to pay off, to be quits.

=acre=, n.f., acre.

=âcre=, adj., sharp, sour, tart, acrimonious; bitter, biting; acrid.

=âcreté=, n.f., acridity, sharpness, sourness, tartness, acrimony.

=acrimonie=, n.f., acrimony, sharpness, keenness.

=acrimonieu-x=, =-se=, adj., acrimonious, sharp.

=acrobate=, n.m.f., rope-dancer.

=acronyque=, adj., (astr.), acronic, acronical.

=acropole=, n.f., acropolis.

=acrostiche=, n.m., acrostic.

=acrotère=, n.m., (arch.) acroterium, blocking course; (nav.) cape, headland.

=acte=, n.m., act; deed; indenture, instrument; document; charter; pl., records, public registers, rolls, proceedings. — faux; forged deed. Expédition d’un —; copy of a deed. Donner — de; to deliver an official certificate of. Rédiger un —; to draw up a document. Faire acte de présence; to put in an appearance, to show one’s self. Prendre —; to make a note of, to put down.

=act-eur=, n.m., =-rice=, n.f., actor; actress; player.

=actif=, n.m., (n.p.) assets (pl.); (gram.) active voice. Actif et passif; assets and liabilities. Actif; receipts of a budget.

=acti-f=, =-ve=, adj., active; real, actual; quick, nimble, brisk, agile, stirring, busy, energetic. Dettes actives; assets.

=action=, n.f., action, act, agency, operation, virtue, motion; deed, feat, performance; gesture, posture; engagement, battle; suit, plea; share, stock. — cessible (com.); transferable share. — nominative; personal share. Promesse d’—s; scrip. Détenteur de promesse d’—s; scrip-holder. Titre d’une —; document of a share. Par —s; joint-stock. — d’éclat; splendid achievement. —s de banque; bank stock. Hausse, baisse, des —s; rise, fall, of shares. — de grâces; thanksgiving. En —; in motion. Entrer en —; to begin opérations. Intenter une — à quelqu’un; to bring an action against any one. Mettre en —; to carry into action, to carry out. En —; (mach.) in gear. Hors d’—; out of gear.

=actionnaire=, n.m., shareholder, stockholder.

=actionner=, v.a., to bring an action, to sue at law. S’—; to bestir oneself.

=activement= (-mān), adv., actively, vigorously.

=activer=, v.a., to press, to hasten, to forward, to expedite.

=activité=, n.f., action, activity; nimbleness, expedition, dispatch, employment. En —; in activity, in active service.

=actualisation=, n.f., actualness, adaptation to the times.

=actualiser=, v.a., to actualize.

=actualité=, n.f., actuality, passing event; question of the hour.

=actuel=, =-le=, adj., actual, real; present.

=actuellement= (-èl-mān), adv., now, at this very time.

=acuité=, n.f., (mus.) acuteness, keenness.

=acuminé=, =-e=, adj., (bot.) acuminated.

=acuponcture=, n.f., (surg.) acupuncture.

=acutangle=, adj., acute-angled.

=acutangulé=, =-e=, adj., (bot.) acute-angled.

=adage=, n.m., adage, proverb; saying.

=adagio=, n.m., (—s) (mus.) adagio.

=adagio=, adv., (mus.) adagio, slowly.

=adamantin=, =-e=, adj., adamantine.

=adaptation=, n.f., adaptation.

=adapter=, v.a., to apply, to adapt; to suit; to fit.

s’=adapter=, v.r., to apply, fit, suit. Qui peut —; which is adaptable.

=adapteur=, n.m.f., adapter.

=addition= (ad-di-), n.f., addition; accession; bill, reckoning; (print.) marginal note. — composée; compound addition. — en hache (print.); interlineary matter. Faire l’— de; to add, to sum up.

=additionnel=, =-le=, adj., additional.

=additionner=, v.a., to add, to cast up.

=adducteur=, n.m., (anat.) adductor.

=adducteur=, adj., (anat.) adducent.

=adduction=, n.f., (anat.) adduction.

=ademption=, n.f., (jur.) revocation of a legacy.

=adepte=, n.m.f., adept.

=adéquat=, =-e= (-kouat), adj., (philos.) complete, entire, adequate.

=adhérence=, n.f., adhesion; adherence, attachment.

=adhérent=, =-e=, adj., adherent, sticking to.

=adhérent=, n.m., adherer, follower, partisan.

=adhérer=, v.n., to adhere, to be adherent, to cling, to hold, to cleave, to stick; to adhere to, to approve.

=adhési-f=, =-ve=, adj., adhesive.

=adhésion=, n.f., adhesion, adherence; compliance.

=ad hoc=, adv., to that effect or purpose.

=ad hominem=, adv., personal, direct. Argument —; argumentum ad hominem.

☉=ad honores=, adv., honorary.

=adiante=, n.m., (bot.) adiantum, maiden-hair.

=adieu=, adv., adieu, farewell, good-bye. Dire —, faire ses adieux =à=; to bid adieu. Sans —; without bidding you adieu, without saying good-bye. — va! (nav.) about ship!

=adieu=, n.m., farewell, parting, leave. Faire ses —x; to take one’s leave.

=adipeu-x=, =-se=, adj., adipous, adipose, fat.

=adipocire=, n.f., adipocere.

=adiposité=, n.f., adipose or fatty condition.

=adirer=, v.a., (jur.) to mislay, to lose.

=adition=, n.f., (jur.) acceptance of an inheritance.

=adjacent=, =-e=, adj., adjacent, bordering upon, contiguous.

=adjectif=, n.m., (gram.) adjective.

=adjecti-f=, =-ve=, adj., (gram.) adjectival.

=adjectivement= (-mān), adv., adjectively.

=adjoindre=, v.a., to adjoin, to associate, to give as an assistant. S’—; to take as a partner.

=adjoint=, n.m., adjunct, associate, colleague, assistant, deputy. Maire —; deputy mayor.

=adjonction=, n.f., adjunction, union, annexation.

=adjudant=, n.m., adjutant. Fonctions d’—; adjutancy. — de place; town adjutant.

=adjudicataire=, n.m.f., purchaser, contractor, highest bidder.

=adjudicataire=, adj., purchasing; contracting.

=adjudicat-eur=, n.m., =-rice=, n.f., awarder.

=adjudicati-f=, =-ve=, adj., (jur.) adjudging.

=adjudication=, n.f., adjudication; auction; contract, award. Par —; by contract. Mettre en —; to contract for.

=adjuger=, v.a., to adjudge, to adjudicate, to award. Adjugé! (at auctions) gone!

s’=adjuger=, v.r., to appropriate to one’s own use.

=adjuration=, n.f., adjuration, imprecation.

=adjurer=, v.a., to adjure; to conjure, to call upon, to beseech.

=adjuvant=, n.m., (med.) adjuvant.

=ad libitum= (-tom), adv., ad libitum, at will, at pleasure.

=admettre=, v.a., to admit, to receive; to allow, to approve of, to suppose; to adopt; to give admittance, to take in; to let in, to suffer to come into, to let enter.

=adminicule=, n.m., (jur.) presumptive proof.

=administra-teur=, n.m., =-trice=, n.f., administrator, administratrix, manager, trustee, governor, curator; guardian (of the poor).

=administrati-f=, =-ve=, adj., administrative.

=administration=, n.f., administration, management, direction, government, conduct. Mauvaise —; maladministration.

=administrativement=, adv., administratively.

=administré=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., person under one’s administration or jurisdiction.

=administrer=, v.a., to administer, to manage, to officiate, to govern; to minister, to dispense; (jur.) to furnish, find. Droit d’—; letters of administration. — des témoins; to find, produce, witnesses.

s’=administrer=, v.r., to administer to one’s self; to be managed, to be administered.

=admirable=, adj., admirable, wonderful.

=admirablement=, adv., admirably, wonderfully.

=admirat-eur=, n.m., =-rice=, n.f., admirer, praiser.

=admirati-f=, =-ve=, adj., of admiration or exclamation, wondering. D’un air —; with a wondering look.

=admiration=, n.f., admiration, wonder, marvel. Point d’—; note of exclamation. Avoir de l’— pour, Être dans l’—; to admire. Saisir d’—; to strike with admiration.

=admirer=, v.a., to admire, to wonder at.

=admissibilité=, n.f., admissibility.

=admissible=, adj., allowable, admissible.

=admission=, n.f., admission, admittance, reception.

=admonestation=, n.f., admonishment, admonition.

=admonester=, v.a., (jur.) to admonish, to warn, to reprimand.

=admonit-eur=, n.m., =-rice=, n.f., adviser.

=admonition=, n.f., admonition, advice, exhortation, reprimand.

=adné=, =-e=, adj., (bot.) adnate.

=adolescence=, n.f., adolescence.

=adolescent=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., lad; lass; stripling.

=adolescent=, =-e=, adj., adolescent.

=adonien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), adj., (poet.) adonic.

=adonique=. V. =adonien=.

=adonis= (-nis), n.m., Adonis, beau; (bot.) adonis, pheasant’s-eye.

=adoniser=, v.a., to deck out, to make fine.

s’=adoniser=, v.r., to bedizen one’s self.

=adonner=, v.n., (nav.) to veer aft.

s’=adonner=, v.r., to give, to apply, to devote, to addict one’s self, to give one’s mind (to a thing — à quelque chose), to follow, to take to a thing. S’— au vin, to become addicted to drinking.

=adoptable=, adj., that can be adopted.

=adoptant=, n.m., adopter.

=adopté=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., adoptive son, daughter, heir, &c.

=adopter=, v.a., to adopt; to embrace, to espouse, to sanction, to pass, to carry.

=adopti-f=, =-ve=, adj., adoptive, by adoption. Enfant —; adoptive child. Père —; foster-father.

=adoption=, n.f., adoption.

=adorable=, adj., adorable, charming, delightful.

=adorablement=, adv., adorably, delightfully.

=adorat-eur=, n.m., =-rice=, n.f., adorer, worshiper, great admirer.

=adoration=, n.f., adoration, worshiping; worship; admiration, respect, reverence.

=adorer=, v.a., to adore, to worship; to have a passionate love for.

=ados=, n.m., (gard.) shelving-bed, border (against a wall).

=adossé=, =-e=, adj., back to back; resting or standing against; indorsed (of a bill).

=adossement=, n.m., position back to back; backing, indorsement.

=adosser=, v.a., to set or lean with the back against a thing, to put back to back. S’— contre un mur; to lean up against a wall.

=adouber=, v.n., (chess) to adjust a piece; (nav.) to mend, to repair.

=adoucir=, v.a., to soften, to mitigate, to sweeten; to modify, to compose, to calm, to soothe; to smooth, to appease; to ease, to allay, to relieve, to cool, to pacify; to tame. Rien ne peut — son chagrin; nothing can mitigate his sorrow. — un esprit irrité; to appease an exasperated mind.

s’=adoucir=, v.r., to grow cool, soft, mild; to be assuaged, mitigated; to relent; (of weather) to get milder.

=adoucissant=, n.m., emollient, mollifier.

=adoucissant=, =-e=, adj., softening, soothing, emollient.

=adoucissement= (-mān), n.m., sweetening, softening, mollifying; assuaging, appeasing; ease, mitigation, palliation, alleviation, relief, consolation.

=adoucisseur=, n.m., glass-polisher.

=adoué=, =-e=, adj., (hunt.) coupled, paired.

=ad patres= (-ess), to kingdom come. Aller —; to be gathered to one’s fathers.

=adrachne= (-rakn), n.m., strawberry-tree. V. =arbousier=.

=adragant=, =-e=, adj., tragacanth.

=adragant=, n.m., tragacanth; gum-dragon.

=ad rem=, adv., pertinently. Répondre —; to answer pertinently, to the point.

=adresse=, n.f., speech, direction, address; skill, dexterity, expertness, cleverness, ingenuity; shrewdness, cunning, direction, destination. Être à l’— de; to be directed to. Faire tenir à son —; to forward to its destination. Tour d’—; legerdemain. Avoir l’adresse de; to be artful enough to.

=adresser=, v.a., to direct, to address. — mal; to misdirect.

s’=adresser=, v.r., to be directed; to address one’s self, to apply, to make application, to appeal to. — ici; apply within. Vous vous adressez mal; you mistake your man. — bien; you come to the right person.

=adroit=, =-e=, adj., dexterous, ingenious, clever, skillful; handy, neat; cunning, shrewd, artful.

=adroitement= (-droat-mān), adv., adroitly, skillfully, artfully, cleverly, happily; smartly, handily.

=adulaire=, n.f., (min.) adularia, moon-stone, sun-stone.

=adula-teur=, n.m., =-trice=, n.f., adulator, flatterer, fawner, sycophant; parasite.

=adula-teur=, =-trice=, adj., adulatory, parasitical.

=adulation=, n.f., adulation, flattery, sycophancy.

=aduler=, v.a., to fawn upon, to cringe to, to flatter.

=adulte=, adj., adult, grown-up.

=adulte=, n.m.f., adult.

=adultération=, n.f., (pharm.) adulteration.

=adultère=, n.f., adulteress.

=adultère=, n.m., adulterer; adultery.

=adultère=, adj., adulterous; adulterate. Femme —; adulteress.

=adultérer=, v.a., (pharm.) to adulterate.

=adultérin=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., adulterine child.

=adultérin=, =-e=, adj., adulterine.

=aduste=, adj., (med.) adust, burnt up.

=adustion=, n.f., (med.) adustion, burning.

=advenant=, part., occurring, in case, in the event of. — le décès; in the event of the death.

=advenir=, v.n., to occur, happen, to chance, befall. Advienne que pourra; happen what may.

=adventice=, adj., adventitious.

=adventi-f=, =-ve=, adj., adventive, casual.

=adverbe=, n.m., (gram.) adverb.

=adverbial=, =-e=, adj., adverbial.

=adverbialement= (-mān), adv., adverbially.

=adverbialité=, n.f., adverbial nature of.

=adversaire=, n.m., adversary, opponent, antagonist, opposer.

=adversati-f=, =-ve=, adj., (gram.) adversative.

=adverse=, adj., adverse, opposite. Avocat —; counsel on the opposite side.

=adversité=, n.f., adversity, affliction.

=adynamie=, n.f., (med.) adynamy, debility.

=adynamique=, adj., adynamic.

=aérage=, n.m., ventilation, airing. Puits d’—; air-shaft.

=aération=, n.f., aëration, airing.

=aéré=, =-e=, adj., aired, airy.

=aérer=, v.a., to air, to renew the air; (chem.) to aërate.

=aérien=, =-ne= (-in-e-n), adj., aërial.

=aériennement=, adv., aërially, in the air.

=aérifère=, adj., aërial.

=aériforme=, adj., aëriform.

=aériser=, v.a., to aërify.

=aérodynamique=, n.f., aëro-dynamics.

=aérographie=, n.f., aërography.

=aérolithe=, n.m., aërolite, aërolith.

=aérologie=, n.f., aërology.

=aéromancie=, n.f., aëromancy.

=aéromètre=, n.m., aërometer.

=aérométrie=, n.f., aërometry.

=aéronaute=, n.m.f., aëronaut. Art, science de l’—; aëronautics.

=aérophobie=, n.f., aërophobia.

=aérostat=, n.m., aërostat; air-balloon.

=aérostation=, n.f., aërostation.

=aérostatique=, adj., aërostatic.

=aétite=, n.f., aëtites, eagle-stone.

=affabilité=, n.f., affability, affableness, kindness, courtesy.

=affable=, adj., affable, courteous, of easy manners.

=affablement=, adv., affably, courteously.

=affabulation=, n.f., the moral of a fable.

=affadir=, v.a., to make unsavory or insipid; to flatten; to be nauseous, to cloy, to pall, to satiate.

s’=affadir=, v.r., to become insipid.

=affadissement= (-mān), n.m., cloying, insipidity, nauseousness.

=affaiblir=, v.a., to enfeeble, to weaken, to debilitate; to impair, to attenuate; to debase (coins).

=affaiblir=, v.n., to grow weak, to weaken, to droop.

s’=affaiblir=, v.r., to grow weak, to be impaired, to become enfeebled; to abate.

=affaiblissant=, =-e=, adj., weakening, enfeebling.

=affaiblissement= (-mān), n.m., weakening, enfeebling, impairment, diminution of strength; allaying, abatement; debasement (of coins).

=affaire=, n.f., thing, affair, matter; business, concern, job, duty; dealing; trouble, scrape, quarrel; action, case, lawsuit; fight, skirmish, battle; need, occasion, want; work, transaction. Belle —; fine thing, pretty mess, trifling matter. —s courantes; current business. — de rien; trifling affair. — d’intérêt; money matter. Bien, mal, dans ses —; in good, bad, circumstances. Homme d’—s; man of business, agent, steward, middleman. Relation d’—s; mercantile connection. Dans les —s; in business. En —; engaged in business. Pour —; on business. Aller à ses —s; to go to one’s business. S’attirer une —; to get into a scrape. Avoir — à; to have to deal with. Avoir — avec; to have business with. Avoir bien des —s; to be much employed. Avoir des —s pardessus la tête; to be over head and ears in business. Céder ses —s; to give up business. Être à ses —s; to attend to business. Eviter les —s; to keep clear of scrapes. Faire des —s; to do business. Faire l’— de quelqu’un; to answer some one’s purpose, turn. Faire son — à quelqu’un; to settle any one’s business, do for him. Faire de grandes —s; to carry on an extensive business. Ne faire rien à l’—; not to affect the matter. Mettre quelqu’un dans les —s; to set any one up in business, to apprentice any one to a business. Se retirer des —s; to retire from business. Sortir d’une — avec honneur; to come off honorably. Tirer d’—; to extricate, to help out. Se tirer d’—; to get out of trouble, to get on in the world. Vaquer aux —s; to attend to business. Vider une —; to settle an affair. C’est, ce n’est pas, une —; it is no, it is an, easy matter. J’ai votre —; I have what you want, the very thing for you. Je ferai son —; I will do for him. C’est mon —; leave that to me. J’en fais mon —; I take that upon myself. Ce ne sont pas là mes —s; that is none of my business. Au point où en sont les —s; as matters stand. Son — est bonne; he is in for it, he will catch it. Son — est faite; he is done for.

=affairé=, =-e=, adj., full of business, busy. Faire l’—; to ape the busy man; to fuss about.

=affaissement= (-mān), n.m., depression, sinking, subsiding, giving way, weakness, weighing down; (med.) collapse.

=affaisser=, v.a., to cause to sink, to weigh down, to press down, to bear down, to weaken.

s’=affaisser=, v.r., to sink, sink down, subside, settle, to give way.

=affaiter=, v.a., (falconry) to reclaim and train, tame (hawks).

=affaler=, v.a., (nav.) to overhaul (a rope); to embay, drive upon a lee-shore. Affale! lower away.

s’=affaler=, v.r., (nav.) to slide down; to be driven upon a lee-shore.

=affamé=, =-e=, adj., famished, hungry, starving, craving. Être — de; to be greedy of; eager for.

=affamer=, v.a., to famish, to starve.

=affectation=, n.f., affectation, distinction; (jur.) mortgage, charge.

=affecté=, =-e=, adj., affected, destined; (alg.) affected, assumed.

=affecter=, v.a., to affect, to pretend, feign; to appropriate, to destine.

s’=affecter=, v.r., to be affected; to be moved.

=affecti-f=, =-ve=, adj., affective.

=affection=, n.f., affection, love, attachment, liking, inclination, partiality; (med.) affection. Témoignage d’—; token, mark, of affection. Par —; out of affection. Prendre quelqu’un en —; to become attached, to take a fancy, to any one. — nerveuse; nervous affection.

=affectionné=, =-e=, adj., affectionate, loving.

=affectionner=, v.a., to love, to have an affection for, to fancy, to be fond of, to like; to take an interest in.

s’=affectionner=, v.r., to apply one’s self to a thing with delight, to attach one’s self to, to delight in, to take a fancy for.

=affectueusement= (-mān), adv., affectionately, fondly, heartily, kindly.

=affectueu-x=, =-se=, adj., affectionate, warm-hearted.

=afférent=, =-e=, adj., (jur.) appertaining to, belonging to, accruing to, indivisible. Portion —e; share of indivisible property.

=affermable=, adj., farmable, rentable, demisable.

=affermage=, n.m., farming, renting, demising.

=affermer=, v.a., to farm or let out by lease; to take a lease of; to rent.

s’=affermer=, v.r., to be farmed, rented.

=affermir=, v.a., to strengthen, to give strength to; to make firm or strong; to fasten; to harden, to make hard or firm; to confirm, to establish, to consolidate, to fix firmly.

s’=affermir=, v.r., to become strong, firm or fast; to grow hard; to fortify one’s self; to become established, to persist in.

=affermissement= (-mān), n.m., strengthening, settling, consolidation, establishment; stay, support, prop.

=affété=, =-e=, adj., affected, full of affectation, prim, finical; canting, mincing. Mine —e; affected looks. Manières —es; affected manners.

=afféterie=, n.f., affectation, affectedness; primness, mannerism; affected, formal ways; cant. Les —s d’une coquette; the affected ways of a coquette.

=affichage=, n.m., the posting up of placards, bills, &c., bill-sticking, placarding.

=affiche=, n.f., placard, bill, hand-bill. Poser une —; to post up a placard. Homme —; sandwich man.

=afficher=, v.a., to post up; to publish, to proclaim, to make a show of, to parade, to divulge. Défense d’—; stick no bills.

s’=afficher=, v.r., to set up for; to attract public notice. Cette femme s’affiche; that woman seeks notoriety.

=afficheur=, n.m., bill-sticker.

=affidé=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., confederate, trusty, confidential agent.

=affidé=, =-e=, adj., trusty, trustworthy.

=affilage=, n.m., whetting, sharpening, grinding, setting.

=affilé=, =-e=, adj., sharp; nimble, glib (of the tongue).

=affiler=, v.a., to set, to put an edge on, to sharpen.

=affiliation=, n.f., affiliation, association.

=affilier=, v.a., to receive, to affiliate, to admit.

s’=affilier=, v.r., to get affiliated, admitted.

=affiloir=, n.m., hone, whetstone, steel.

=affinage=, n.m., affinage, refining, fining (of metals, sugar).

=affiner=, v.a., to fine, to refine; to try.

s’=affiner=, v.r., to be refined; to be fined, tried, (nav.) (of weather), to clear up.

=affinerie= (-rî), n.f., (metal.) finery, painting shop.

=affineur=, n.m., finer; (metal.) refiner.

=affinité=, n.f., affinity, alliance; congeniality, conformity, relation. Avoir de l’— avec; to be congenial to.

=affinoir=, n.m., hatchel.

=affiquet=, n.m., a knitting-sheath. —s, pl.; gewgaws, knick-knacks, bauble.

=affirmati-f=, =-ve=, adj., affirmative; positive.

=affirmation=, n.f., affirmation, assertion; (log.) predication; affidavit, oath.

=affirmative=, n.f., affirmative. Prendre l’— pour ou contre; to decide for or against.

=affirmativement= (-mān), adv., affirmatively, positively.

=affirmer=, v.a., to affirm, to vouch, to assert, to assure, to declare, to state; to confirm by or on oath; (log.) to predicate.

=affixe=, n.m., affix.

=affleuré=, =-e=, adj., level; (arch.) flush.

=affleurement=, n.m., leveling; making flush; (mining) cropping out, outcrop.

=affleurer=, v.a., to make even, to level; (arch.) to make flush; (ship-building) to fay; (mining) to crop out.

=affleurer=, v.n., to be level, on a level with, to be flush with.

=afflicti-f=, =-ve=, adj., (jur.) affecting the person corporal (of punishments).

=affliction=, n.f., affliction, grief, trouble, distress, anguish, sorrow, tribulation; trial, vexation.

=affligé=, =-e=, adj., afflicted, grieved, dejected, disconsolate. — d’une maladie; laboring under a disease.

=affligeant=, =-e= (-jān, -t), adj., afflicting, afflictive, distressing, grievous, woeful.

=affliger=, v.a., to afflict, to grieve, to vex, to trouble, to distress, to cast down; to mortify.

s’=affliger=, v.r., to grieve, to be concerned; to be afflicted, troubled, distressed, cast down, sorrowful; to fret.

=affluence=, n.f., a flowing together; affluence, abundance, multitude, concourse, crowd.

=affluent=, =-e=, adj., (of rivers) falling into, running into.

=affluent=, n.m., confluence; tributary stream.

=affluer=, v.a., to fall, to run, to flow into; to abound; to resort, to flock, to come in great numbers; (med.) to flow, to rush.

=afflux=, n.m., (med.) afflux, affluxion.

=affolé=, =-e=, adj., maddened, distracted, frantic; infatuated with; madly in love with; (nav.) erroneous, defective (of the magnetic needle). Une boussole —e; a compass that is not true.

=affoler=, v.a., to make extremely fond, to make one dote upon; to madden, to distract, bewitch. S’— de; to become infatuated with.

=affouage=, n.m., the right of cutting wood.

=affouillement=, n.m., undermining, washing away.

=affouiller=, v.a., (arch.) to undermine; to wash away.

=affourche=, n.f., (nav.) small bower. Ancre d’—; small bow-anchor.

=affourché=, =-e=, part., astraddle, astride, (nav.) moored across.

=affourcher=, v.n. and a., s’—, v.r., to seat astride, (nav.) to moor across, to moor by the head or by the head and stern.

=affranchi=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., freed man; freed woman.

=affranchi=, =-e=, part., freed; post-paid, prepaid.

=affranchir=, v.a., to set free, to free, to enfranchise, to give liberty; to make free; to absolve; to exempt, to discharge; to deliver; to pay the carriage of; to prepay.

s’=affranchir=, v.r., to rid one’s self of, to free one’s self, to get free, to shake off, to break through.

=affranchissement= (-shis-mān), n.m., enfranchisement, manumission; exemption, discharge; delivery, deliverance; payment of postage (of a letter); pre-payment of carriage (of a parcel). Timbre d’—; postage-stamp.

=affre=, n.f., dread, horror, agony. Les —s de la mort; the terrors of death.

=affrètement= (-mān), n.m., chartering, freighting.

=affréter=, v.a., (nav.) to charter, to freight.

=affréteur=, n.m., charterer, freighter.

=affreusement= (-mān), adv., frightfully, horribly, dreadfully, terribly, shockingly.

=affreu-x=, =-se=, adj., frightful, hideous, horrible, atrocious, fearful, ghastly, horrid, shocking.

=affriander=, v.a., to accustom, use, bring up, to dainties; to allure, to entice, to tempt.

=affriolement= (-mān), n.m., (fam.) act of alluring, enticing, tempting; allurement; enticement.

=affrioler=, v.a., (fam.) to allure, to entice, to draw by enticement.

=affriter=, v.a., to season (a frying pan).

=affront=, n.m., affront, outrage, insult; disgrace, shame, reproach. Recevoir un — sanglant; to receive an outrageous affront. Boire, avaler, un —; to pocket an affront.

=affronté=, =-e=, adj., (her.) affrontee.

=affronter=, v.a., to affront, to face, to brave; to cheat, to take in.

=affronterie=, n.f., braving, daring, affronting.

=affronteu-r=, n.m., =-se=, n.f., affronter, deceiver, cheat.

=affublement=, n.m., grotesque make up (of dress), rig, muffling up.

=affubler=, v.a., to wrap up, (b.s.) to dress out, up, to muffle up. S’— d’un manteau; to muffle one’s self up in a cloak, to assume (a name).

s’=affubler=, v.r., to dress ridiculously. S’— de quelqu’un; to be wrapped up in.

=affusion=, n.f., (phar.) affusion.

=affût=, n.m., gun-carriage, stand, rest; watch, lying in wait. Être à l’—; to be upon the watch, to lie in wait. Homme d’—, knowing fellow.

=affûtage=, n.m., the mounting of a piece of ordnance; a set of tools, implements; sharpening (of tools); the dressing (of a hat).

=affûter=, v.a., to mount (a cannon); to stock (with tools); to set or sharpen (tools, pencils).

=affutiau= (-tio), n.m., trifle, bauble, knick-knack.

=afin=, conj., to, in order to; that, so that.

=afistoler=, v.a., to make spruce, to dress up.

=à fortiori=. V. =fortiori=.

=africain=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., African.

=africain=, =-e=, adj., African.

=aga=, n.m., a Turkish officer, aga.

=agaçant=, =-e=, adj., inciting, alluring, enticing; vexing, irritating, provoking, worrying.

=agace=, n.f., magpie.

=agacé=, =-e=, part., irritated, worried, set on edge. Avoir les dents —es; to have one’s teeth on edge.

=agacement= (-mān), n.m., setting on edge; irritation. — des nerfs; irritation of the nerves.

=agacer=, v.a., to incite, to provoke, to egg on, to spur on, to irritate, to provoke, to entice, to allure, to set on edge.

=agacerie=, n.f., allurement, incitement, provocation. Faire des —s à quelqu’un; to set one’s cap at any one, to ogle.

=agame=, adj., (bot.) agamous.

=agami=, n.m., (orni.) agami, gold-breasted trumpeter.

=agape=, n.f., agape, love-feast.

=agapètes=, n.m. and f.pl., agapetæ.

=agaric=, n.m., (bot.) agaric. — champêtre; field agaric, mushroom. — femelle; female agaric. — de chêne; touch-wood.

=agasse=, n.f. V. =agace=.

=agate=, n.f., agate.

s’=agatiser=, v.r., (Th. Gautier) to become mellow (of a picture).

=agavé=, n.m., (bot.) agave, American aloe.

=âge=, n.m., age; years; generation, century. Bas —; infancy. Jeune —; childhood. Moyen —; middle ages. — moyen; middle age, average. — mûr; mature age. — tendre; early age. Vieil —; old age. — viril; manhood. — d’airain; brazen age. — d’argent; silver age. — de fer; iron age. — d’or; golden age. — de raison; age of discretion. Doyen d’—; the oldest, senior. Fleur de l’—; prime of life. Avant l’—; before one’s time. D’— en —; from age to age, from generation to generation. D’un certain —; elderly. Entre deux —s; of middle age. Être d’— à; to be old enough to. Être bien pour son —; to wear well, to bear one’s years well. Être sur l’—; to be growing old. Honoré par l’—; time-honored. Paraître son —; to look one’s age. Tirer sur l’—; to be elderly.

=âgé=, =-e=, adj., aged, in years, elderly. — de vingt ans; twenty years old. Un peu —; somewhat elderly.

=agence=, n.f., agency, business. Bureau d’—; agency office.

=agencement= (-jāns-mān), n.m., arrangement, grouping, ordering; (arch.) order, composition; (paint.) disposition.

=agencer=, v.a., to arrange, to dispose, to fit up, to group.

s’=agencer=, v.r., to dress up, to adorn one’s self.

=agenda= (-jin-da), n.m., (—s) memorandum-book, agenda, diary.

*=agenouiller=, v.a., to make kneel down, to bring to one’s knees.

*s’=agenouiller=, v.r., to kneel down, (of a horse) to fall on his knees.

*=agenouilloir=, n.m., hassock, kneeling-stool.

=agent=, n.m.f., agent; middleman; broker. — comptable; accountant. — d’affaires; agent, man of business. — monétaire; circulating medium. — de change; stock-broker. — de police; policeman.

=agglomération=, n.f., agglomeration.

=agglomérer=, v.a., to agglomerate.

s’=agglomérer=, v.r., to agglomerate.

=agglutinant=, =-e=, adj., agglutinant, adhesive.

=agglutinati-f=, =-ve=, adj., agglutinative.

=agglutination=, n.f., agglutination.

=agglutiner=, v.a., to agglutinate, to unite.

s’=agglutiner=, v.r., to agglutinate, to cohere.

=aggravant=, =-e=, adj., (jur.) aggravating.

=aggravation=, n.f., aggravation; addition. — de peine; increase of punishment.

=aggrave=, n.m., (canon law) threat of excommunication; censure, admonition.

=aggraver=, v.a., to aggravate, to augment, to make worse.

s’=aggraver=, v.r., to increase, to be aggravated.

=aggrégat=, =aggrégation=, =aggréger=. V. =agrégat=, =agrégation=, =agréger=.

=agile=, adj., agile, quick, nimble, active, light-footed.

=agilement= (-mān), adv., nimbly, with agility, quickly.

=agilité=, n.f., agility, nimbleness, activity, quickness, lightness.

=agio=, n.m., agio, premium.

=agiotage=, n.m., stock-jobbing; jobbing. Faire l’—; to deal in stocks.

=agioter=, v.n., to be a stock-jobber; to gamble in the funds, to job.

=agioteur=, n.m., stock-jobber, jobber.

=agir=, v.n., to act, to do; to operate, to have an influence; to negotiate, to manage a business; to sue, to prosecute; to behave; to work. Faire —; to set going, to bring to bear upon. — de concert avec quelqu’un; to go hand in hand with any one. Il agit en ami; he acts like a friend. — mal envers; to use ill. — d’après; to act upon, after. C’est mal —; that is behaving ill.

s’=agir=, v.r., to be in question; to be the matter. Il s’agit; the question is, the point in question is. De quoi s’agit-il? what is the matter? Il ne s’agit pas de cela; that is not the question. Il s’agit de votre vie; your life is at stake. Il s’agit bien de cela; I, they, we, have something else to think of.

=agissant=, =-e=, adj., active, stirring, busy; efficacious, effectual.

=agitateur=, n.m., agitator.

=agitation=, n.f., agitation; tossing, jolting, shaking; trouble, emotion, disturbance; uneasiness, tumult, restlessness.

=agiter=, v.a., to agitate, to put in motion, to move, to wave; to shake, to pull, to heave, to jolt; to swing; to disturb, to disquiet, to torment, to debate, to dispute. — un drapeau; to wave a flag.

s’=agiter=, v.r., to be agitated or in movement; to get rough; to be restless, disturbed, uneasy; to stir, writhe, wag, struggle; to be debated. S’— dans l’eau; to flounder about in the water.

=aglomération=, &c. V. =agglomération=.

=aglutinant=, &c. V. =agglutinant=, &c.

=agnat=, n.m., agnate.

=agnation=, n.f., agnation.

=agnatique=, adj., agnatic.

*=agneau=, =agnelle=, n.m.f., lamb. Laine d’—; lamb’s wool. Peau d’—; lamb-skin.

☉*=agnel=, n.m., an old French golden coin, agnel.

*=agneler=, v.n., to lamb; to bring forth lambs, to yean.

*=agnelet=, n.m., lambkin, yeanling.

*=agneline=, adj.f., of a lamb. Laine —; lamb’s-wool, teg-wool.

*=agnès= (-ess), n.f., a young raw girl, simpleton.

=agnus=, or =agnus-Dei=, n.m., (—) (c.rel.) Agnus-Dei, Lamb of God.

=agnus-castus=, n.m., (—) (bot.) chaste-tree.

=agon=, n.m., (antiq.) agon, agonism.

=agonie=, n.f., agony, the pangs of death; grief, trouble, anguish, torture. Être à l’—; to be at the point of death.

=agonir=, v.a., (pop.) to insult grossly, to pull to pieces, to load with abuse.

=agonisant=, =-e=, n. and adj., a dying person; dying, in a dying condition.

=agoniser=, v.n., to be at the point of death.

=agonistique=, n.f., (antiq.) agonistics.

☉=agonothète=, n.m., agonothete.

=agora=, n.f., (—s) (from Gr. Ἀγορὰ) market-place, public place.

=agouti=, n.m., (mam.) agouti.

=agrafe=, n.f., hook, clasp, hasp; (arch.) cramp-iron; sculptured ornament. — et porte; hook and eye.

=agrafer=, v.a., to hook, to clasp, to hasp, to fasten with a clasp.

s’=agrafer=, v.r., to hook, to clasp, to cling, to lay hold on, to be fastened.

=agraire=, adj., agrarian.

=agrandir=, v.a., to make greater; to enlarge; to augment; to lengthen, to widen; to raise, to promote, to advance; to amplify, to exaggerate; to give dignity to, to exalt, to promote. — ses prétentions; to raise one’s pretensions. Le génie agrandit les héros; genius exalts heroes.

s’=agrandir=, v.r., to become greater, larger; to widen, to grow long or longer; to enlarge one’s estate, to become richer, to raise or advance one’s self.

=agrandissement= (-mān), n.m., enlargement, aggrandizement, improvement; the making greater, larger, bigger; lengthening, widening, increase; advancement, preferment, exaltation, dignifying.

=agravant=, &c. V. =aggravant=, &c.

=agréable=, adj., agreeable, desirable, pleasant, pleasing, comfortable, acceptable, gladsome, grateful. — au goût; palatable. Feu —; comfortable fire. Avoir pour —; to allow, permit. Faire l’— auprès d’une femme; to be attentive to a lady.

=agréablement=, adv., agreeably, pleasantly, comfortably, gratefully, gracefully.

=agréage=, n.m., brokerage.

=agréé=, n.m., solicitor, attorney (in the tribunals of commerce).

=agréer=, v.a., to accept, to receive kindly; to like, to relish; to approve, to allow; ☉to rig. (V. =gréer=.) — un vaisseau; to rig, to equip a ship.

=agréer=, v.n., to be liked, to like, to please, to be agreeable. Cela ne m’agrée pas; I don’t like that, it does not suit me.

☉=agréeur=, n.m. V. =gréeur=.

=agrégat=, n.m., aggregate.

=agrégati-f=, =-ve=, adj., aggregative.

=agrégation=, n.f., aggregate; aggregation; admission (into a society); examination for the degree of fellow; fellowship; aggregate body, assemblage. Concours d’—; examination for a fellowship.

=agrégé=, n.m., fellow (of the university); assistant professor.

=agrégé=, =-e=, adj., aggregate; (bot.) clustered.

=agréger=, v.a., to aggregate, to unite, to join, to incorporate, to receive, to admit into a society, to associate.

=agrément=, n.m., liking, approbation, consent; accomplishment; agreeableness; pleasingness; pleasure, charm; gracefulness; ornament, embellishment; advantage, amusement, comfort; (mus.) grace. Arts d’—; accomplishments. De grands —s; great comfort.

=agrémenter=, v.a., to ornament, to trim, to adorn.

=agrener=, v.a., to feed, (game-birds) to bait.

=agrèner=, v.a., to pump water out of a boat.

=agrès=, n.m.pl., rigging.

=agresseur=, n.m., aggressor.

=agressi-f=, =-ve=, adj., aggressive.

=agression=, n.f., aggression.

=agressivité=, n.f., aggressiveness.

=agreste=, adj., agrestic, wild, rustic; ill-bred, clownish, unmannerly.

=agricole=, adj., agricultural.

=agriculteur=, n.m., agriculturist, husbandman, farmer.

=agriculture=, n.f., agriculture, husbandry, tillage.

s’=agriffer=, v.r., to cling to with claws, to lay hold of.

=agriministe=, n.m., trimming maker.

=agrion=, n.m., dragon-fly.

=agripaume=, n.f., (bot.) mother-wort.

=agripper=, v.a., (pop.) to gripe, to snatch up.

s’=agripper=, v.r., (pop.) to lay hold of, to cling to.

=agronome=, n.m., agriculturist.

=agronomie=, n.f., agronomy.

=agronomique=, adj., agricultural.

=agrostemme=, n.m., (bot.) agrostemma. — des jardins; rose-campion, corn-cockle.

=agrostide=, n.f., (bot.) bent-grass.

=agrouper=, v.a., to group.

=aguerri=, =-e=, (-ghè-) part., inured to war; disciplined. Soldats mal —s; raw soldiers.

=aguerrir= (-ghè-), v.a., to train up in, to inure to the hardships of war, to discipline, to accustom to war; to accustom, to inure, to use.

s’=aguerrir=, v.r., to grow warlike or martial; to accustom one’s self to a thing, to be inured.

=aguets= (-ghè-), n.m.pl., watch, watching. Être aux —, se tenir aux —; to lie in wait, to be upon the watch.

=agueustie= (-gheus-tî), n.f., (med.) loss of taste.

=agui=, n.m., (nav.) sling, bowline, knot.

=ah=, int., ah! hah! oh! — ça; now, then!

=ahan=, n.m., great bodily exertion, effort. Suer d’—; to perform hard work, to toil and moil.

=ahaner=, v.n., to groan, sigh, pant; to toil and moil.

=aheurtement=, n.m., stubbornness, obstinacy.

s’=aheurter=, v.r., to maintain a thing obstinately, to be obstinately bent upon a thing, to stick to it, to persist in. — à une opinion; to be wedded to an opinion.

=ahi=, int. V. =aïe=.

=ahurir=, v.a., to amaze, to astound, to strike all of a heap, to bewilder.

=ahurissement=, n.m., bewilderment, confusion, perplexity.

=aï=, n.m., (mam.) three-toed sloth.

=aide=, n.f., aid, help, relief, assistance, succor, support; chapel of ease; (man.) aid, coaxing; aid; female assistant. pl., subsidies, excise (taxes). À l’—! help! À l’— de; with the help of. Dieu vous soit en —! God help you!

=aide=, n.m., helper, assistant, mate, help, coadjutor. — major (—s —s); assistant surgeon, (formerly) adjutant. — chirurgien (—s —s); assistant surgeon. — de cuisine (—s de cuisine); under cook. — de camp (—s de camp); aide-de-camp.

=aider=, v.a., to aid, to help, to relieve, to assist, to succour. — à descendre, à surmonter, à relever; to help down, over, up.

=aider=, v.n., to aid, to help, to assist, to succor, relieve. — à la lettre; to add to the matter, complete the sense. — au succès; to contribute to the success.

s’=aider=, v.r., to help one another, to use, to make use of; to bestir one’s self; to help one’s self, avail one’s self. On s’aide de ce qu’on a; people make use of what they have. — l’un l’autre; to help one another.

=aides=, n.f.pl., (man.) aids.

=aïe=, int., ay! oh! ah! oh dear!

=aïeul=, n.m., grandfather, grandsire.

=aïeule=, n.f., grandmother, grandam.

=aïeux=, n.m.pl., forefathers, ancestors.

=aigle=, n.m., eagle; star (noted person); reading-desk, lectern (in churches); (astron.) Aquila, Eagle. À vol d’—; eagle-winged. Aux yeux d’—; eagle-eyed.

=aigle=, n.f., she-eagle; (her.) eagle; eagle standard.

=aiglefin=, n.m., haddock.

=aiglette=, n.f. V. =aiglon=.

=aiglon=, n.m., eaglet, a young eagle; (her.) eaglet.

=aigre=, n.m., sourness; rawness; sharpness; mustiness.

=aigre=, adj., sour, tart, sharp, bitter; crabbed; ill-natured; rough, harsh; eager, brittle; shrill; musty. Voix —; harsh, shrill voice. Paroles —s; sharp words.

=aigre-dou-x=, =-ce=, adj., bitterish, sourish.

=aigrefin=, n.m., sharper.

=aigrelet=, =-te=, adj., sourish, tartish.

=aigrement=, adv., acrimoniously, sourly, sharply, bitterly, roughly, harshly.

=aigremoine=, n.f., (bot.) agrimony, liverwort.

=aigremore=, n.m., aigremore.

=aigret=, =-te=, adj., sourish, tartish.

=aigrette= n.f., egret, aigret; aigrette, tuft, or plume (of feathers, diamonds); (bot.) egret, (milit.) tuft; horn (of the owl); crest (of the peacock).

=aigretté=, =-e=, adj., with an egret, tufted, crested.

=aigreur=, n.f., sourness, sharpness, tartness, harshness, bitterness; surliness; ill-nature, grudge, spite; pl., (med.) acidity of stomach, heartburn, water-brash; (engrav.) harsh strokes, hatches made too hard.

=aigrir=, v.a., to make sour or sharp, to sour, to turn sour; to irritate, to embitter, to make worse; to incense, to provoke; to make ill-humored. Sa disgrâce lui a aigri l’esprit; his disgrace has soured his temper.

s’=aigrir=, v.r., to turn sour, to grow sour or sharp; to grow worse, to be exasperated. Son mal s’aigrit; his disease gets worse.

=aigrissement=, n.m., souring, irritation, bitterness.

=aigu=, =-ë=, adj., pointed, that has a sharp point; sharp, keen, acute, piercing. Son —; sharp, shrill sound. Douleur —ë; acute pain. Faire un son —; to utter a shrill cry.

=aiguade= (-gad), n.f., (nav.) fresh water; watering-place. Faire —; to take in fresh water.

=aiguail= (-ga-), n.m., or =aiguaille=, n.f., (hunt.) dewdrop; morning dew.

=aiguayer= (-gay-), v.a., to water (a horse); to rinse (clothes).

=aigue-marine=, n.f., (—s-—s), aqua-marina, beryl.

=aiguichant=, =-e=, adj., enticing.

=aiguière= (-ghièr), n.f., ewer.

=aiguiérée= (-ghié-), n.f., ewer-full.

*=aiguillade=, n.f., goad.

*=aiguillage=, n.m., (railways) the shifting of the points, shunting.

*=aiguillat=, n.m., (ich.) dog-fish.

*=aiguille=, n.f., needle; hand (of a dial, or watch, &c.); cock (balance); spindle (of a compass); spire (of a steeple); (ich.) hornfish, needle-fish; (railways) point. — d’emballeur; packing-needle. — à tricoter; knitting-needle. — à reprises; darning-needle. —s à contre-poids; self-acting points (rail.). Trou d’une —; eye of a needle. Ouvrage à l’—; needlework. — aimantée; magnetic needle. Disputer sur la pointe d’une —; to quarrel about straws. Enfiler une —; to thread a needle.

*=aiguillée=, n.f., needleful.

*=aiguiller=, v.a., (surg.) to couch (a cataract); (rail.) to shift the points.

*=aiguilletage=, n.m., tagging, (nav.) seizing.

*=aiguilleter=, v.a., (nav.) to trap, to seize, to mouse. — les canons; to lash the guns.

=aiguilletier=, n.m., tagger, tag-maker.

*=aiguillette=, n.f., aglet, point; shoulder-knot; slice (of flesh, skin); (nav.) knittle, tricing-line, laniard. Le ferret de l’—; the tag of a point.

=aiguilleur=, n.m., (rail.) pointsman, switcher.

*=aiguillier=, n.m., needle-case, book. V. =étui=.

*=aiguillier=, n.m., needle-maker.

=aiguillière=, n.f., garfish-net, net for catching hornfish; needle-maker.

*=aiguillon=, n.m., goad, spur, incentive, incitement, encouragement, stimulus, motive; sting (of insects, serpents); (bot.) prickle, stimulus. Briser l’— de; to take the sting out of.

*=aiguillonner=, v.a., to goad, to prick; to incite, to spur on, to stimulate.

*=aiguillot=, n.m., (nav.) pintle.

=aiguisé=, =-e=, part., whetted, sharpened. Une croix aiguisée; (her.) a pointed cross.

=aiguisement= (-mān), n.m., whetting, sharpening.

=aiguiser=, v.a., to whet, to sharpen, to make sharp; to set an edge on; to point. — l’appétit; to sharpen the appetite. — une épigramme; to give point to an epigram. — ses couteaux; to prepare for battle. — ses dents; to prepare to eat heartily.

=aiguiseur=, n.m., knife-grinder, sharpener (pers.)

*=ail=, n.m., (ails), (aulx) (ô), garlic. — stérile; eschalot. Une tête d’—, une gousse d’—; a clove of garlic.

=ailante=, n.m., (bot.) ailanthus.

=aile=, n.f., wing, pinion; van, fan; wing (of an army, building); aisle (of churches); fly (horol.); rung (of ships). Avoir les —s rapides; to be swift-winged. À tire d’—; at a single flight. En avoir dans l’—; to be smitten, to be in love. Il en a dans l’—; there is a screw loose somewhere. Frapper à l’—; to wing. Couper le bout de l’—; to pinion. Être sur l’—; to be on the wing. Battre des —s; to clap the wings. Trémousser des —s; to flutter. Rogner les —s à quelqu’un; to clip a person’s wings. Voler de ses propres —s; to be able to do without the help of others; to stand on one’s own legs. Vouloir voler sans avoir des —s; to undertake a thing beyond one’s strength. Ne battre plus que d’une —; to be on one’s last legs. Tirer de l’—; to make wing. Tirer pied ou — de; to get something out of (a thing), to make the most of (a thing). — de moulin; wind-sail.

=ailé=, =-e=, adj., winged.

*=aileron=, n.m., small wing; pinion; fin (of some fish); float-board (of a water-wheel); (arch.) scroll.

=ailette=, n.f., side-piece, side-lining of a shoe; small wing (of a building); flange (motor).

*=aillade=, n.f., garlic sauce.

*=ailleurs=, adv., elsewhere, somewhere else, D’—; from another reason, cause; on another account; besides, moreover, in other respects; after all, in addition to which.

=aimable=, adj., amiable, lovable, lovely, agreeable, worthy to be loved. Un caractère —; an amiable temperament.

=aimablement=, adv., in an amiable manner, amiably.

=aimant=, =-e=, adj., loving, affectionate.

=aimant=, n.m., loadstone, magnet. La déclinaison de l’—; the variation of the compass.

=aimanté=, =-e=, adj., magnetic.

=aimanter=, v.a., to rub or touch with a loadstone, to magnetize.

=aimé=, =-e=, adj., loved, beloved.

=aimer=, v.a., to love, to be fond of, to have a passion for; to be in love with; to like, to fancy, to have a fancy for, to admire, to delight in, to have an inclination for. Il aime à monter à cheval; he delights in riding. Il aime sa personne; he loves his own dear self. Aimez qu’on vous conseille, et non pas qu’on vous loue; love to be advised, not to be praised. — mieux; to prefer, to like better. — passionnément; to be passionately fond of. — à l’idolâtrie; to idolize. Se faire —; to endear one’s self to. Qui aime bien, châtie bien; he chasteneth that loveth well. Qui m’aime aime mon chien; love me, love my dog.

s’=aimer=, v.r., to love one’s self. S’— les uns les autres; to love one another.

=aimez-moi=, n.f., marsh scorpion-grass. V. =myosotis=.

=ain=, n.m., woollen thread; the number of threads contained in a given space.

=aine=, n.f., groin; herring-stick.

=aîné=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., elder, senior.

=aîné=, =-e=, adj., eldest, elder, the eldest son or daughter; senior.

=aînesse=, n.f., primogeniture. Droit d’—; birthright.

=ainsi=, adv., thus, so, in this, that, manner. Je suis — fait; that’s my temper. Le monde est —; such is the world. — du reste; and so forth. Il en est — des autres passions; thus it is with the other passions. — soit-il; amen, so be it. — va le monde; so the world goes. S’il en est —; if such is the case.

=ainsi=, conj., thus, therefore, so that. — que, tout — que; as, as well as, even as, in the same way as. Cela s’est passé — que je vous l’ai dit; that happened in the way I told you.

=air=, n.m., air, wind; look, appearance, countenance, deportment; aspect; (mus.) tune; (chem., man., paint., sculp.) air. — abattu; downcast look. — chagrin; sorrowful look. — éveillé; sharp look. — farouche; forbidding look. Faire des châteaux en l’—; to build castles in the air. Un coup d’—; a cold chill. Prendre l’—; to take the air. Donner de l’— à une chambre; to let the air into, to ventilate, a room. Chasser l’— renfermé; to let out the confined air. En plein —; in the open air. Se tenir entre deux —s; to be in a draught. Il ne fait point d’—; there is not the least breath of wind. Être en l’—; to be in a flutter. Paroles en l’—; empty, idle, words. Parler en l’—; to talk wildly. Il forme des desseins en l’—; he forms extravagant designs. Il a tiré son coup en l’—; he has miscarried. Prendre l’— du bureau; to go and see how matters stand. Faire prendre l’—; to give an airing to. Les gens du bel —; gentle folks, fashionable people. Un homme de méchant —; an ill-looking man. Un homme du grand —; a man of rank, of quality. Avoir l’— de; to look like. Avoir l’— bien portant; to look well. Lancer en l’—; to toss (of horned cattle). Avoir l’— bon, l’— mauvais; to look good-natured, ill-natured. Prendre un — riant; to put on a smiling countenance. Prendre un — de feu; to warm one’s self. Rempli d’— vicié; filled with foul air. Cela a l’— grand; that looks grand. Elle n’a pas l’— spirituel; she doesn’t look sprightly. Elle a l’— bien étourdi; she looks very giddy. Il n’a pas l’— content; he doesn’t seem pleased. Prendre des —s, se donner des —s; to give one’s self airs. Prendre des —s de bel esprit; to set up for a wit. Un — de famille; a family likeness. Air de tête (paint.); the attitude of the head. Un — gai, triste; a lively, dull, tune. Faire un — sur des paroles; to set words to music. Jouer un — rapide; to play a flourish. Ce cheval va à tout —; this horse has all his paces.

=airain=, n.m., brass. L’âge d’—; the brazen age. Avoir un front d’—; to have a brazen face, to blush at nothing. Avoir des entrailles d’—; to have a heart of stone.

=aire=, n.f., area, barn-floor, threshing-floor; aerie (of a bird of prey); (of ships) impetus, headway. L’— d’un bâtiment; (arch.) the area of a building. — de plancher; superficies of a floor. L’— d’un triangle; (geom.) the area or inside of a triangle. Une — de vent; (nav.) a point of the compass.

=airée=, n.f., the lot of wheat, &c., lying on a barn-floor; batch of dough.

=airelle=, n.f., whortleberry, bilberry.

=airer=, v.n., to make its aerie or nest.

=ais= (ê), n.m., board, shelf, plank; (print.) wetting-board; butcher’s block.

=aisance=, n.f., ease, freedom, easiness, affluence; the comforts or conveniences of life. —s, pl., water-closet. Il fait tout avec —; he does everything with ease. Avoir de l’— dans les manières; to have an easy deportment. Être dans l’—; to be in easy circumstances. Cabinet d’—s, lieux d’—s; water-closet. Fosse d’—s; cess-pool.

=aise=, n.f., gladness, joy, content; ease, comfort, conveniency. À l’—; easily; comfortable. Se pâmer d’—; to be overjoyed. Tressaillir d’—; to leap for joy. Elle ne se sent pas d’—; she is beside herself for joy. Être à son —; to be well off. Mettre quelqu’un à son —; to put at ease, to reassure any one. Vous en parlez bien à votre —; it is easy for you to say so. N’en prendre qu’à son —; to do only what pleases one, to take it easy. Se sentir mal à l’—; to feel uncomfortable. Aimer ses —s; to love one’s ease. On n’a pas toutes ses —s en ce monde; we cannot have all we wish for in this world.

=aise=, adj., glad, joyful, well pleased. Je suis bien — de vous voir; I am very glad to see you.

=aisé=, =-e=, adj., easy, convenient, commodious; in easy circumstances. Cela est — à dire; it is an easy thing to say. Un homme — à vivre; an easy, good-natured man. Des souliers —s; comfortable shoes. Un air —; an easy deportment. Un style —; a free, lucid, easy style. Il est fort —; he is in very easy circumstances.

=aisément=, adv., easily, readily, commodiously, freely, comfortably.

=aisselle=, n.f., arm-pit; (anat., bot.) axil, axilla.

=aitiologie=. V. =étiologie=.

=ajointer=, v.a., to join end to end, to fit.

=ajonc=, n.m., furze, thorn-broom, gorse, whin.

=ajournement=, n.m., adjournment, postponement; (jur.) summons.

=ajourner=, v.a., to adjourn, to put off; (jur.) to summon.

=ajourner=, v.n., s’=ajourner=, v.r., to adjourn, to be adjourned, to put off, to defer, to summons.

=ajoutage=, n.m., piece joined on.

=ajouter=, v.a., to add, to join, to put to, to tag, to subjoin, to supply, to interpolate. Ce passage a été ajouté à ce livre; this passage is an interpolation. — foi à quelque chose; to give credit to a thing.

=ajoutoir=. V. =ajoutage=, =ajutage=.

=ajustage=, n.m., adjusting, or giving the legal weight to a coin.

=ajusté=, =-e=, part., adjusted, fitted, accommodated, dressed. Un style bien —; a very elaborate style. Comme vous voilà —! what a figure you cut.

=ajustement=, n.m., adjustment, adjusting, fitting, regulation, settlement; laying out; attire, garb, apparel, dress, garment; accommodation, agreement, reconciliation. L’— d’un poids; the adjusting of a weight. L’— d’une machine; the regulating a machine. Elle n’est pas belle, elle a besoin d’—; she is not handsome, she needs dress or adornment.

=ajuster=, v.a., to adjust, to regulate, to square, to size, to tally; to aim, to take aim at, to aim at; to fit, to adapt, to set in order, to accommodate; to trim, to bedeck, to dress. — un lièvre; to take aim at a hare. — de nouveau; to recompose. — ses cheveux; to put one’s hair in order. — deux personnes; to reconcile two people, to make them agree. — un différend; to reconcile a différence. Ajustez vos flûtes; understand one another. On l’a bien ajusté; they have given it him well. — des passages d’un livre; to make passages of a book agree.

s’=ajuster=, v.r., to prepare one’s self, to get one’s self ready; to dress, to deck, one’s self out; to agree, to take measures, to concert together.

=ajusteur=, n.m., weigher at the mint, fitter, sizer.

=ajustoir=, n.m., a pair of scales (used in the mint); assay scales.

=ajutage=, =ajutoir=, n.m., adjutage, a tube or pipe (for water-works).

=alacrité=, n.f., alacrity.

=alambic=, n.m., alembic, still. Faire passer par l’—; to distill, to draw by distillation. Passer par l’—; to undergo a careful examination.

=alambiqué=, =-e=, part., far-fetched, too subtle, too refined, fine-spun, wire-drawn. Cette pensée est trop —e; that thought is too refined.

=alambiquer=, v.a., to puzzle, to refine too much upon. S’— l’esprit sur quelque chose; to beat, puzzle one’s brains about a thing, to pore over it.

=alanguir= (-ghir), v.a., to enfeeble, to make languid.

s’=alanguir=, v.r., to languish, to flag, to become languid.

=alarguer= (-ghé), v.n., (nav.) to bear off, to put to sea, to sheer off.

=alarmant=, =-e=, adj., alarming, dreadful.

=alarme=, n.f., alarm, sudden fear, fright. Sonner l’—, donner l’—; to sound, to give the alarm. Cloche d’—; alarm-bell. Fausse —; false alarm. Donner des —s; to cause uneasiness to. Porter l’— dans; to alarm. L’— est au camp; they are in a great fright. Tenir en —; to keep in constant fear.

=alarmer=, v.a., to alarm, to raise an alarm, to startle.

s’=alarmer=, v.r., to take alarm, to be alarmed. Ne vous alarmez point; don’t frighten yourself.

=alarmiste=, n.m.f., alarmist.

=alaterne=, n.m., species of buck-thorn; alatern.

=albâtre=, n.m., alabaster, whiteness. D’—; of alabaster, snowy white.

=albatros=, n.m., (orni.) albatross.

=alberge=, n.f., a small forward peach.

=albergier=, n.m., an alberge-tree.

=albigeois=, n.m.pl., Albigenses.

=albinos=, n.m., albino.

=albion=, n.f., Albion (England).

=albran=. V. =halbran=.

=albuginé=, =-e=, adj., (anat.) albugineous.

=albugineu-x=, =-se=, adj., (anat.) albugineous, whitish.

=albugo=, n.m., (med.) albugo.

=album= (-bom), n.m., album, scrap-book, sketch-book.

=albumine=, n.f., albumen, white (of an egg).

=albumineu-x=, =-se=, adj., albuminous.

=alcade=, n.m., Spanish alcaid, alcade.

=alcaïque=, adj., alcaic. Vers —s; alcaic verses.

=alcalescence=, n.f., alkalescence.

=alcalescent=, =-e=, adj., alkalescent.

=alcali=, n.m., alkali.

=alcalimètre=, n.m., alkalimeter.

=alcalin=, =-e=, adj., alkaline.

=alcalisation=, n., alkalization.

=alcaliser=, v.a., (chem.) to alkalize.

=alcaloïde=, n.m., (chem.) alkaloid.

=alcantara=, n.m., a Spanish military order.

=alcarraza=, n.m., water-cooler.

=alcazar=, n.m., alcazar (Moorish palace).

=alcée=, n.f., hollyhock.

=alchimie=, n.f., alchemy.

*=alchimille=, n.f., (bot.) lady’s mantle.

=alchimique=, adj., alchymical.

=alchimiste=, n.m., alchymist.

=alcool=, n.m., alcohol.

=alcoolique=, adj., alcoholic.

=alcoolisation=, n.f., alcoholization.

=alcooliser=, v.a., to alcoholize.

=alcoolisme=, n.m., (med.) alcoholism.

=alcoran=, n.m., Koran.

=alcôve=, n.f., alcove, recess.

=alcyon=, n.m., halcyon, kingfisher.

=alcyonien=, =-ne=, (-in, -è-n), adj., halcyon.

=aldébaran=, n.m., (astron.) Aldebaran.

=alderman=, n.m., alderman.

=aléatoire=, adj., (jur.) eventual, aleatory, contingent.

=alêne=, n.f., awl. Feuilles en —; acuminated leaves; (pisc.) sharp-nosed skate.

=alénier=, n.m., awl-maker.

=alentir=, s’=alentir=. V. =ralentir= and se =ralentir=.

=alénois=, n.m., common garden cress.

=alentour=, adv., about, around, round about. Les bois d’—; the neighboring, surrounding woods.

=alentours=, n.m.pl., the neighboring grounds; environs, neighborhood; persons about, around one; associates, familiars.

=alépine=, n.f., bombazine.

=alérion=, n.m., (her.) eaglet without beak or feet.

=alerte=, n.f., alarm, warning. En —; on the alert.

=alerte=, adj., alert, vigilant, watchful; active, stirring, quick, sprightly, brisk, lively, agile.

=alerte=, int., take care, be quick; up!

=alésage=, n.m., (tech.) boring, drilling.

=aléser=, v.a., (tech.) to hammer planchets; to drill, bore. — un canon; to bore a cannon.

=alésoir=, n.m., borer (instrument).

=alevin= (-vin), n.m., fry, young fish.

=alevinage=, n.m., small fry.

=aleviner= (-né), v.a., to stock with fry.

=alevinier= (-nié), n.m., breeding-pond.

=alexandrien=, =-ne=, adj., Alexandrian.

=alexandrin=, n.m., (poet.) alexandrine.

=alexandrin=, =-e=, adj., alexandrine.

=alezan= (-zān), n.m., chestnut horse.

=alezan=, =-e=, (-zān, -za-n), adj., chestnut.

=alèze=, n.f., sheet (placed under sick persons); draw-sheet; withe.

=alfa=, n.m., (bot.) an African plant; alfa-grass.

=alfange=, n.f., scimiter, phalanx, battalion (Chinese, Tartar). V. =cimeterre=.

=algalie=, n.f., (surg.) catheter.

=alganon=, n.m., a chain for galley-slaves.

=algarade=, n.f., (fam.) insult, affront; rating; blowing up; attack. Faire une —; to insult, to rate any one; to blow any one up.

=algèbre=, n.f., algebra.

=algébrique=, adj., algebraical.

=algébriquement=, adv., algebraically.

=algébriste=, n.m., algebraist.

=algide=, adj., (med.) cold as ice, algid.

=algor=, n.m., (med.) algor.

=algorithme=, n.m., algorithm.

=alguazil= (-goua-zil), (—s) n.m., alguazil.

=algue=, n.f., alga, sea-weed, sea-wrack grass.

=alibi=, n.m., (—s) (jur.) alibi.

=alibiforain=, n.m., (fam. l.u.) irrelevant, rambling answer; evasion, shuffling, prevarication.

=alibile=, adj., (med.) alible.

=aliboron=, n.m., jackass, a self-conceited fellow. Maître —; ass.

=aliboutier=, n.m., a fragrant resin, storax.

=alidade=, n.f., alidade, the index of any surveying instrument, such as a quadrant, sextant, &c.

=aliénable=, adj., alienable, transferable.

=aliénataire=, n.m., alienee.

=aliénat-eur=, n.m., =-rice=, n.f., alienator.

=aliénation=, n.f., a legal conveyance of property to another, alienation, transfer; alienation (of the mind). — mentale; mental derangement, madness.

=aliéné=, =-e=, n., lunatic, maniac. Hospice pour les —s; lunatic asylum. Maison d’—s; mad-house.

=aliéné=, =-e=, adj., (of property) alienated, transferred to another; (affections) estranged, withdrawn; (of the mind) deranged, mad.

=aliéner=, v.a., to alienate, to give away, to part with, to make over, to deliver up the possession or right of. — les affections, les cœurs, les esprits; to alienate, to estrange, to disaffect, to lose the affection. Il a aliéné les esprits; he has disaffected all minds. — l’esprit à quelqu’un; to drive one mad. S’—, v.r., to lose, to estrange; to be lost; to be alienated; to become deranged.

*=aligné=, =-e=, part., in line; laid out in a line; that stands in a right line; formed in line.

*=alignement=, n.m., laying out by a line; line; (milit.) dressing; (print.) ranging. Cette maison sort de l’—; that house stands out of the row. Rentrer dans l’—; to fall into line. Prendre l’—; to trace the line of. —! (milit.) dress!

*=aligner=, v.a., to lay out by a line; to square; to put in a straight line; (milit.) to dress; (print.) to range. — des troupes; to form troops in a line. — ses phrases; to square one’s sentences. — un compte (com.); to balance an account.

s’=aligner=, v.r., (milit.) to dress; (pop.) to have a set to, to fight.

=aliment=, n.m., food, aliment, nourishment, meat, nutriment, nutrition; fuel; (jur.) allowance.

=aliments=, n.m.pl., (jur.) alimony, maintenance.

=alimentaire=, adj., alimentary; alimental. Pension —; alimony, maintenance. Régime —; diet. Pompe —; feed-pump, donkey engine.

=alimentation=, n.f., alimentation; feeding.

=alimenter=, v.a., to feed, to nourish; to maintain; to supply with what is necessary, to furnish; to fuel, to keep up. Le marché ne fournit pas de quoi — la ville; the market does not furnish enough to supply the town.

=alimenteu-x=, =-se=, adj., (med.) nutritive, alimentary, alimental.

=alinéa=, n.m., (—s), new paragraph, break.

=aliquante=, adj., (math.) aliquant.

=aliquote=, adj., (math.) aliquot.

=alise=, n.f., beam-berry, wild-sorb, chess-apple.

=alisier=, n.m., service-tree, beam-tree.

=alité=, =-e=, part., bedridden, laid up.

=aliter=, v.a., to confine to one’s bed.

s’=aliter=, v.r., to keep one’s bed, to be bedridden, to take to one’s bed.

=alizari=, n.m., madder-root.

=alize=, adj., (nav.). Vents —s; trade-winds.

=alizé=, n.f. V. =alise=.

=alizier=, n.m. V. =alisier=.

=alkali=, &c. V. =alcali=, &c.

=alkékenge=, n.m., winter-cherry.

=alkermès= (-ess), n.m., alkermes.

=allah= (al-la), n.m., Alla, Allah.

=allaitement= (-lèt-mān), n.m., lactation, nursing, suckling.

=allaiter=, v.a., to suckle, to give suck, to nurse.

=allant=, n.m., goer. — et venants; goers and comers.

=allant=, =-e=, adj., stirring, bustling, fond of going about.

=allantoïde=, n.f., (anat.) allantois.

=allèchement=, n.m., allurement, enticement, bait.

=allécher=, v.a., to allure, to entice, to attract.

=allée=, n.f., going; passage, entry, alley; lane; walk. Une — couverte; a shady walk. Faire des —s et venues; to go in and out, to and fro.

=allégation= (al-lé-), n.f., citation, quotation, allégation.

=allège=, n.f., lighter, tender; (arch.) window basement, sill of the window; (rail.) tender. Frais d’—; (com.) lighterage.

=allégeance= (al-lé-jan-s), n.f., (l.u.) allegiance. Serment d’—; oath of allegiance.

=allégeance=, n.f., alleviation, relief.

=allégement= (al-léj-mān), n.m., alleviation, ease, relief.

=alléger= (al-lé-jé), v.a., to ease, to disburden, to lighten, to unload (a boat); to alleviate, to soften, to relieve, to assuage pain or grief; (nav.) to buoy up.

=allégir=, v.a., to lighten, to reduce.

=allégorie= (al-lé-), n.f., allegory. Par —; allegorically.

=allégorique= (al-lé-), adj., allegoric, allegorical.

=allégoriquement= (-mān), adv., allegorically.

=allégoriser= (al-lé-), v.a., to allegorize.

=allégoriseur= (al-lé-), n.m., allegorizer.

=allégoriste= (al-lé-), n.m., allegorist.

=allègre= (al-lègr), adj., brisk, nimble, sprightly, jolly, cheerful.

=allègrement=, adv., briskly, joyfully, merrily, joyously.

=allégresse=, n.f., mirth, cheerfulness, gladness, joy, gaiety, sprightliness, alacrity, glee, joyfulness. Cris d’—; shouts of gladness; huzzas.

=allégretto= (al-lé-grèt-to), adv. and n.m., (—s) (mus.) allegretto.

=allégro= (al-lé-), adv. and n.m., (—s) (mus.) allegro.

=alléguer= (al-lé-ghé), v.a., to allege; to quote, to bring in, to cite, to plead, to produce, to advance, to urge.

=alléluia=, n.m., hallelujah; (bot.) wood-sorrel.

=allemand=, =-e= (-mān, -mānd), adj., German. Une querelle d’—; a groundless quarrel.

=allemand=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., German.

=allemande=, n.f., allemande, a dance.

=aller=, n.m., going, course of time, run; (nav.) outward voyage. — et retour; voyage out and in. Billet d’— et retour; return ticket. Au long —; in the long run. Avoir l’— pour le venir; to lose one’s time and trouble. Au pis —; at the worst. C’est votre pis —; it’s your last shift.

=aller= (allant, allé), v.n., to go, to be going; to move, to be in motion or movement; to depart, to repair, to resort; to reach, to come, to lead, to end; to do; to be; to go forward, to go on; to succeed; to amount; to act; to proceed; to go about; to tend, to aim; to arrive; to lay; to stake; to play; to go to the water-closet; to work; to chance; to fit, to become, to be matched; to sail. — au marché; to go to market. Allez en paix; depart in peace. Allez au diable; go to the devil. — croissant; to go on increasing. La carte va à dix francs; the bill amounts to ten francs. Faire —; to make go, to set going. — à pied; to go on foot. — à cheval; to go on horseback, to ride. — en voiture; to ride in a carriage, to drive. — au pas; at a walking pace. — au trot; to trot. — au galop; to gallop. — au petit galop; to canter. — son train; to keep on, to take one’s own course. — bon train; to go on at a good round pace, to get on well. — à tâtons; to grope along. — au devant de quelqu’un, à la rencontre de quelqu’un; to go and meet any one. — çà et là; to ramble, roam about. Ne faire qu’— et venir; to do nothing but run backwards and forwards. Je ne ferai qu’— et venir; I will not stay; I shall be back again directly. Ma montre ne va pas; my watch does not go. Va vite; go quickly. Allant à; (nav.) bound for. Cela vous va; that suits you. Allons donc; come now; nonsense! Allez, va; be gone; be off. Ils vont venir; they will come presently. — se promener; to go for a walk. Allez vous promener; go about your business. La rivière va serpentant; the river winds about. — aux informations, aux renseignements; to make inquiries. — aux voix; to put to the vote. — aux provisions; to go marketing. Ce vase va au feu; this jug stands the fire. — de pair; to be equal. — de pair à compagnon avec quelqu’un; to be cheek by jowl with any one. Ce chemin va à l’église; this way leads to church. La montagne va jusqu’aux nues; the mountain reaches to the clouds. — de mal en pis; to go from bad to worse. Comment va la santé? how is your health? Comment cela va-t-il? how are you? Sa santé va de mieux en mieux; his health is better and better. Comment allez-vous? how do you do? Tout va bien; all is well. Cet homme ira loin; that man will distinguish himself. Le feu ne va pas bien; the fire does not burn well. Nos affaires vont mal; our affairs are in a bad way. Le commerce ne va plus; trade is at a standstill. Cela ne va pas mal; things are in a fair way. Votre habit vous va mal; your coat doesn’t fit you. Ces deux couleurs-là vont bien ensemble; those two colors are well matched. Il y va de bonne foi; he acts sincerely. Y — rondement; to act frankly, openly. Tous mes désirs vont là; all my wishes tend that way. C’est un adroit qui va à ses fins; he is a cunning fellow, he pushes his point. — à la gloire; to aim at glory. Est-ce ainsi que vous y allez? is this your way? Tudieu! comme vous y allez; egad! you go on at a fine rate. De combien allez-vous? how much do you stake? Va pour du vin! (fam.) well, let us have some wine. Allons, mes amis, courage; come, my friends, cheer up, take courage. Allez, n’avez-vous point de honte? fie, are you not ashamed? Allez, je veux m’employer pour vous; take heart, I’ll interest myself on your behalf. Voyez où j’en serais, si elle allait croire cela; see what a plight I should be in, if she should chance to believe that. — toujours; to keep on, (b.s.) to rattle on, blunder on. Allez toujours; go it. Se laisser aller; to yield, to give way, to abandon one’s self to a thing. Se laisser — à la tentation; to yield to temptation. Se laisser — à la douleur; to give one’s self up to grief. Laisser —; to release, to let go. Quand il devrait y — de tout mon bien; though my whole fortune were at stake. Songez qu’il y va de votre honneur; reflect that your honor is at stake. Il y allait de la vie; it was a question of life or death. Quand il y irait de ma vie; although my life were at stake. Il en va, il en ira; it is, it will be. Il en va de cette affaire-là comme de l’autre; it is with that affair as with the other. Où va le navire? (nav.) where are you bound to? — son chemin; to pursue one’s course. Il ira son chemin; he will make his way. Faire en — tout le monde; to drive everybody away. Faire en — des taches; to take out stains. Tous chemins vont à Rome; more ways than one lead to Heaven. Cela va tout seul; there is no difficulty in the thing, or it is all plain sailing. Cela ne va pas; it’s no go, I am not well. Cela va sans dire; that goes without saying; of course. Cela ira; that will do; we shall succeed. Cela n’ira pas loin; that will not last long. Cela n’ira pas plus loin; it shall go no further. N’y pas — de main morte; to go at it tooth and nail. N’y pas — par quatre chemins; not to beat about the bush. Qui va là? who goes there?

s’en =aller=, v.r., to go away, to set out, to go out, to march off, to depart, to take oneself off; to run, to scamper away; to retire; to run out, to boil over, to dwindle away; to evaporate; to die, to wear out; to sneak off. Va-t’en; allez-vous-en; go away; be off with you! Il faut que tout le monde s’en aille; everybody must go away. Allons-nous-en; let us go. Ils s’en vont; they are going away. Mon habit s’en va; my coat is wearing out. Il s’en va; he is dying. Je m’en fus; I went away. Je m’en vais vous dire; I’ll tell you what. Tout s’en est allé en fumée; all came to nothing.

=alleu=, n.m., allodium. Franc-— (—s-—s); a freehold.

=alliacé=, =-e=, adj., (bot.) alliaceous.

=alliage=, n.m., alloyage, alloy, mixture, union; (arith.) alligation. Sans —; pure, without alloy, type-metal.

=alliaire=, n.f., hedge-garlic.

=alliance=, n.f., alliance, marriage, match; confederacy; union; blending; wedding-ring; covenant.

=allié=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., ally; relation (by marriage).

=allié=, =-e=, part., allied, related (by marriage); akin, kindred. Les rois alliés; the confederate kings.

=allier=, v.a., to mix; to combine, to unite; to match, to marry; to join, to unite, to ally, to reconcile. — l’or avec l’argent; to alloy gold with silver.

s’=allier=, v.r., to be incorporated or mixed; to match, to enter into an alliance; to unite; to suit; to combine (of metals).

=allier=, n.m., partridge-net.

☉=alliez=, n.m., (bot.) tare. V. =ivraie=.

=alligator=, n.m., the American crocodile, alligator.

=allitération= (al-li-), n.f., alliteration.

=allobroge= (al-lo-), n.m., clown, lout, boor.

=allocation= (al-lo-), n.f., allocation, allowance; (mil. admin.) entry, item, supply.

=allocution= (al-lo-), n.f., allocution, address, speech, harangue.

=allodial=, =-e= (al-lo-), adj., allodial. Terres —es; freehold lands, freeholds.

=allodialité= (al-lo-), n.f., free-tenure.

=allonge=, n.f., a piece of stuff to eke out anything; leaf (of a table); rider (of a bill); (nav.) futtock.

=allongé=, =-e=, part., lengthened, elongated, outstretched.

=allongement= (-mān), n.m., lengthening, stretching out, elongation, delaying.

=allonger=, v.a., to lengthen, to elongate, to piece, to eke out; to stretch out; to wire-draw; to delay, to protract; (fenc.) to allonge, to fetch, to deal, to strike (a blow).

s’=allonger=, v.r., to stretch out, to lengthen, to grow longer, to stretch, to lie at full length.

=allouable=, adj., allowable, permissible.

=allouer=, v.a., to allow, to grant, to fix.

=alluchon=, n.m., cog, catch, tooth (of a wheel).

=allumer=, v.a., to light, to kindle, to set in a flame or on fire, to inflame, to incite, excite, stir up. — le feu; to kindle the fire. — une chandelle; to light a candle. — la guerre; to kindle war.

s’=allumer=, v.r., to be lighted, to light, to kindle, to catch or take fire, to be inflamed, to blaze; to brighten up, to sparkle, to glare; to flare up, to break out. Ce bois a bien de la peine à s’—; this wood won’t kindle.

=allumette=, n.f., match; fusee; spill. — chimique; lucifer-match. — en copeau; spill, pipe-light.

=allumeur=, n.m., lighter, lamp-lighter; (at auctions) puffer.

=allure=, n.f., gait, pace, way of walking; conduct, behavior, demeanor, carriage, way of proceeding; turn; (nav.) trim, appearance (of a vessel); pl., intrigues. Je le connais à son —; I know him by his gait. Je connais les —s de cet homme; I know that man’s way of dealing.

=allusion= (al-lu-), n.f., allusion, hint, innuendo. Faire — à quelque chose; to allude to something. Faire une — peu voilée; to give a broad hint.

=alluvial=, =-e=, adj., alluvious.

=alluvien=, =-ne=, (-in, -è-n), adj. V. =alluvial=.

=alluvion= (al-lu-), n.f., alluvion. D’—; alluvial.

=almageste=, n.m., almagest.

=almanach= (-nā), n.m., almanac, calendar. — du commerce; commercial directory. — d’adresse or des adresses; post office directory.

=aloès= (-èss), n.m., aloe; aloes.

=aloétique=, adj., aloetical.

=aloi=, n.m., alloy, standard; quality (of persons). Argent de bon —; good money. Homme de bas —; man of mean birth. Sans —; without alloy. Noblesse de bon —; true blue-blood.

☉=aloïque=, adj., aloetic.

=alonge=, &c. V. =allonge=, &c.

=alopécie=, n.f., (med.) alopecy, fox-evil.

=alors=, adv., then, at that time, in that case, in such a case. D’—; of that time. — même que; even when. — comme —; we shall know what to do, all in good time.

=alose=, n.f., (ich.) shad, alose.

=alosier=, n.f., =alosière=, n.f., shad-net.

=alouchier=, n.m., (bot.) white beam tree.

=alouette=, n.f., (orni.) lark. — huppée; tufted lark. — des champs; sky-lark. — lulu; wood-lark. Il attend que les —s lui tombent toutes rôties dans le bec; he expects a fortune to drop into his mouth. Pied d’—; (bot.) lark’s-heel, larkspur.

=alourdir=, v.a., to make dull, heavy, stupid. Je suis tout alourdi; my head is quite heavy.

s’=alourdir=, v.r., to grow dull, heavy.

=alourdissement=, n.m., heaviness, dullness.

=aloyage=, n.m., alloyage, mixture, pewterer’s alloy.

=aloyau=, n.m., sirloin or ribs of beef.

=aloyer=, v.a., to alloy gold and silver.

=alpaca=, n.m., alpaca, llama.

=alpaga=, n.m., alpaca (stuff).

=alpestre=, adj., alpine.

=alpha=, n.m., beginning, alpha.

=alphabet=, n.m., alphabet.

=alphabétique=, adj., alphabetical. Par ordre —; alphabetically. Répertoire —; alphabetical index.

=alphabétiquement= (-mān), adv., alphabetically.

=alpin=, =-e=, adj., alpine.

=alpiniste=, n.m., Alpine climber.

=alpiou=, n.m. Faire un —; to stake double.

=alpiste=, n.m., (bot.) canary-grass, phalaris.

=alsacien=, n.m., =alsacienne=, n.f., Alsatian, inhabitant of Alsace. — Lorrain, native of Alsace-Lorraine, now Elsass-Lothringen.

=alsine=, n.f. V. =morgeline=.

=altaïque=, adj., altaic, altaian.

=altavelle=, n.f., (pisc.) sting-ray, fire-flaire.

=alte=, n.f. V. =halte=.

=altérable=, adj., corruptible, alterable, adulterable.

=altérable=, n.s., (med.) alterative.

=altérant=, n.m., (med.) alterative.

=altérant=, =-e=, adj., that causes thirst; (med.) alterative.

=altérati-f=, =-ve=, adj., (med.) alterative.

=altération=, n.f., deterioration, corruption; adulteration, debasing; weakening, impairing, alteration, misrepresentation; excessive thirst. L’— de sa voix; the faltering of his voice. Tous les excès causent de l’— dans la santé; all excesses impair health.

=altercas=, n.m. V. =altercation=.

=altercation=, n.f., altercation, contest, wrangle, dispute.

=altéré=, =-e=, part., altered, adulterated; thirsty, dry. — de gloire; greedy of glory. — de sang; bloodthirsty, craving for blood.

=alter ego=, n.m., (n.p.) alter ego. C’est mon —; he is my other, second, self.

=altérer=, v.a., to alter, to change, to impair; to adulterate, to weaken; to mis-state, to distort, to pervert; to debase; to cause thirst; to disturb, to trouble; to discompose. Le soleil altère les couleurs; the sun makes colors fade. — la viande; to taint meat. — le caractère; to spoil the temper. — l’amitié; to weaken friendship. — la monnaie; to debase coin. Cette sauce aux anchois m’a fort altéré; that anchovy sauce has made me very dry, thirsty.

s’=altérer=, v.r., to be impaired or altered, to degenerate; to taint, to spoil, to falter, to tremble (of the voice). Le vin s’altère à l’air; wine spoils when exposed to the air. Sa santé commence à s’—; his health is beginning to be impaired.

=altérer=, v.n., to excite thirst, make thirsty.

=alternance=, n.f., alternation, succession.

=alternat=, n.m., alternateness; alternacy, rotation of crops.

=alternati-f=, =-ve=, adj., alternate, alternative.

=alternative=, n.f., alternative, choice, option. Je vous donne l’—; I give you your choice.

=alternativement= (-mān), adv., alternately, by turns.

=alterne=, adj., alternate, reciprocal.

=alterné=, =-e=, adj., (her.) alternate (quarters).

=alterner=, v.n., to alternate, to succeed each other alternately, to take in turns, to fill by turns, to produce a rotation of crops.

=alterquer=, v.n., to altercate, to dispute.

=altesse=, n.f., highness. Son — royale; his, her, royal highness.

=althæa=, n.m., (bot.) marsh-mallow.

=alti-er=, =-ère=, adj., haughty, proud, arrogant, lordly, lofty, elate, stately. Mine altière; haughty look.

=altimètre=, n.m., altimeter. V. =hypsomètre=.

=altitude=, n.f., altitude.

=alto=, n.m., (—s) (mus.) tenor violin, alto.

=altruisme=, n.m., altruism, altruist.

=altruist=, =-e=, adj., altruistic.

=alude=, n.f., colored sheep-skin, basil.

=aludel=, n.m., (chem.) aludel, earthen subliming pot.

=alumelle=, n.f., long and thin knife or sword-blade; (nav.) handspike-hole; sheathing.

=alumine=, n.f., alumina.

=aluminé=, =-e=, adj., alumish.

=aluminer=, v.a., to mix with alum.

=alumineu-x=, =-se=, adj., aluminous.

=aluminière=. V. =alunière=.

=aluminium=, n.m. (n.p.), aluminum, aluminium.

=alun=, n.m., alum.

=alunage=, n.m., (dye.) steeping in alum.

=alunation=, n.f., (chem.) alum-making.

=aluner=, v.a., to steep in alum-water.

=alunière=, n.f., alum-pit, alum works.

=alvéolaire=, adj., alveolar.

=alvéole=, n.m., alveolus, cell (in a honey-comb), socket (of a tooth).

=alvin=, =-e=, adj., (med.) alvine.

=alysson=, n.m., =alysse=, n.f., madwort, gold-dust.

=amabilité=, n.f., loveliness; kindness; amiableness, amiability.

=amadis=, n.m., tight sleeve.

=amadou=, n.m., German tinder; touch-wood, match-wood; pyrotechnical sponge.

=amadouer=, v.a., to coax, to wheedle, to cajole, to flatter, to gain over.

=amadoueur=, =-se=, n.m.f., tinder-maker; (fig.) coaxer, wheedler.

=amadouvier=, n.m., agaric, touch-wood.

=amaigrir=, v.a., to make lean, meagre, or thin, to emaciate, to reduce, to lessen; (arch.) to thin. C’est cela qui l’amaigrit; it is that which makes him grow thin.

=amaigrir=, v.n., to fall away, to grow lean or thin; (arch.) to shrink.

s’=amaigrir=, v.r., to grow thin, to fall away.

=amaigrissement= (-gris-mān), n.m., emaciation; wasting away, falling away, growing thin, leanness.

=amalgamation=, n.f., amalgamation.

=amalgame=, n.m., amalgam; medley, mixture, amalgamation.

=amalgamer=, v.a., to amalgamate, to combine, to blend.

s’=amalgamer=, v.r., to amalgamate; to blend together.

=amande=, n.f., almond, kernel; nucleus. — amère, douce; bitter, sweet, almond. —s lissées; sugar-plums. —s à la praline; burnt almonds. — d’amazone; Brazil-nut. Huile d’—s douces; oil of sweet almonds. — de terre; rush-nut.

=amandé=, n.m., amygdalate; milk of almonds.

=amandier=, n.m., almond-tree.

=amant=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., lover, wooer, suitor; sweetheart, mistress; votary, spark, gallant, paramour. — de cœur; favorite, preferred lover.

=amarante=, n.f., amaranth, purple flower-gentle, cock’s-comb, prince’s feather.

=amarante=, adj., amaranthine, amaranth-colored.

=amareilleur=, n.m., oyster-bed keeper.

=amarinage=, n.m., manning (a prize).

=amariner=, v.a., to man (a prize); to inure to sea.

=amarrage=, n.m., (nav.) anchorage; mooring, lashing, seizure. Ligne d’—; lasher.

=amarre=, n.f., (nav.) cable, rope, hawser. — de fond; ground tackle.

=amarrer=, v.a., (nav.) to moor, to belay, to make fast, to lash, to tie, to seize.

=amaryllis= (-ril-lis), n.f., amaryllis, lily-asphodel.

=amas=, n.m., mass, heap, pile, collection, hoard, store, accumulation, cluster; congeries. Un — de peuple; a great mob. — de sable; heap of sand.

=amasser=, v.a., to heap up, to hoard up, to lay up, to treasure up, to gather up, to get together, to accumulate, to rake together; to assemble, to congregate, to put together, to cluster. — de l’argent; to hoard up money.

s’=amasser=, v.r., to gather, to get together, to accumulate, to be collected, to crowd, to assemble.

=amassette=, n.f., a small palette-knife.

=amatelotage= (-mat-lo-), n.m., (nav.) messmating.

=amateloter= (-mat-lo-), v.a., (nav.) to class (the crew).

=amateur=, n.m., lover, admirer; amateur, virtuoso. — des beaux-arts; lover of the fine arts. — de la nouveauté; fond of novelty.

=amati=, n.m., an Amati violin.

=amatir=, v.a., (gold) to deaden; (coin.) to blanch the planchets.

=amaurose=, n.f., (med.) amaurosis.

=amazone=, n.f., amazon, lady on horseback. Habit d’—; riding-habit.

=ambages=, n.f.pl., ambages, idle circumlocution.

=ambassade=, n.f., embassy, embassade; ambassador’s house.

=ambassadeur=, n.m., ambassador; messenger, envoy.

=ambassadrice=, n.f., ambassadress.

=ambe=, n.m., series of two numbers.

=ambesas= (anb-zâs), n.m., ambs-ace, two aces.

=ambi=, n.m., (surg.) ambe, ambi.

=ambiant=, =-e=, adj., ambient, surrounding.

=ambidextérité=, n.f., double dealing; ambidexterity.

=ambidextre=, adj., ambidextrous, ambidexter.

=ambigu=, n.m., collation (with everything served up together); (fig.) medley, olio, compound.

=ambigu=, =-ë=, adj., ambiguous, equivocal.

=ambiguïté=, n.f., ambiguity. Parler sans —; to speak plainly.

=ambigument=, adv., ambiguously.

=ambitieusement= (-mān), adv., ambitiously.

=ambitieu-x=, =-se=, adj., ambitious, aspiring.

=ambition=, n.f., ambition.

=ambitionner=, v.a., to desire earnestly, to be ambitions of, to aspire to, to seek after.

=amble=, n.m., amble, canter. Aller l’—; to amble. Être franc d’—; to amble freely. Ce cheval a l’— doux; that horse has an easy amble.

=ambler=, v.n., to amble, to canter.

=amblyope=, n.m.f., weak-sighted person; n.m., (pisc.) blind-fish.

=ambon=, n.m., ambo, rood-loft.

=ambre=, n.m., amber. — gris; ambergris. Il est fin comme l’—; he is a shrewd fellow.

=ambré=, =-e=, adj., amber-colored.

=ambrer=, v.a., to perfume with amber.

=ambrette=, n.f., amber-seed, musk-seed.

=ambroisie=, n.f., ambrosia. D’—; ambrosial, fragrant, delicious.

=ambrosien=, =-ne= (-in, -ène), adj., pertaining to St. Ambrose; Ambrosian.

=ambulance=, n.f., field-hospital, ambulance. Chirurgien d’—; field-surgeon. En —; (of vendors) itinerant.

=ambulant=, =-e=, adj., ambulatory, ambulant; itinerant, strolling. Marchand —; itinerant dealer. Comédiens —s; strolling players. Erésipèle —; flying erysipelas. Mener une vie —e; to stroll about, to be upon the tramp.

=ambulatoire=, adj., ambulatory, movable, itinerant.

=âme=, n.f., soul; mind; genius; conscience; essence; ghost, spirit; feeling, sentiment; person, people; motto; bore (of a gun); small wood (in faggots); (of bellows) clapper; (sculp.) a rough figure of clay; the model made use of to form a mold; (mus.) sounding-post. Les facultés de l’—; the faculties of the mind. Grandeur d’—; magnanimity. Du fond de l’—; from the depths of the soul. Dieu veuille avoir son —; God rest his soul. Avoir la mort dans l’—; to be grieved to death. Il n’y a pas — qui vive ici; there is not a living creature here. Je le veux de toute mon —; I wish it with all my soul. Les bonnes —; (iron.) good-natured souls. Sans —; spiritless. La vérité est l’— de l’histoire; truth is the life of history. La bonne foi est l’— du commerce; honesty is the very soul of trade. Il n’y a point d’— dans sa déclamation; his delivery is spiritless. Il est l’— damnée du ministre; he is the minister’s tool. Rendre l’—; to give up the ghost. Il a l’— bourrelée; his conscience wracks him. Cet homme n’a point d’—; that man has no soul. Il n’y a pas d’— dans ce tableau; there is no life in this picture.

=amélioration=, n.f., amelioration, improvement, mending. Susceptible d’—; improvable.

=améliorer=, v.a., to ameliorate, to improve, to meliorate, to better, to cultivate, to mend.

s’=améliorer=, v.r., to mend, to improve.

=amen= (amè-n), n.m., amen.

=aménagement= (-naj-mān), n.m., management of a forest, arrangement, fitting up; disposition (of a house).

=aménager=, v.a., to regulate the felling, replanting, and preserving of a wood or forest, to dispose, arrange, lay out. — un arbre; to cut up a tree.

=amendable=, adj., improvable, mendable.

=amende=, n.f., fine, penalty, forfeit, compensation, reparation. Mettre or condamner à l’—; to fine. Faire — honorable; to make amends, to apologize.

=amendé=, =-e=, part., amended, mended, reclaimed.

=amendement= (-mān), n.m., amendment, mending, bettering, improvement. — d’une terre; improvement, manuring of a piece of ground. La loi a passé sans —; the bill passed without amendment.

=amender=, v.a., to amend, to better, to correct, to improve, to manure.

=amender=, v.n., to grow better, to improve.

s’=amender=, v.r., to amend, to grow better, to reform; to mend.

=amener=, v.a., to bring; to bring in, to bring up, to bring over, to bring about, to bring round, to bring on; to lead; to fetch, to introduce; to prevail upon, to induce; to throw (of dice); (nav.) to haul down, lower, strike. Je l’ai amené où je voulais; I brought him to do what I wanted. Il a amené cette affaire à bien; he has ended the matter satisfactorily. — des maladies; to bring on diseases. — des modes; to bring in fashions. — quelqu’un à faire une chose; to induce any one to do a thing. — son pavillon; to lower, to strike one’s flag. Cette remarque est bien amenée; i.e. cleverly introduced, well to the point. N’amenez jamais la conversation sur la politique; never introduce politics into conversation.

=aménité=, n.f., amenity, pleasantness, grace.

=amentacées=, n.f.pl., (bot.) amentaceous plants.

=amenuiser=, v.a., to make thin, to make smaller; to lessen.

=am-er= (amè-r), =-ère=, adj., bitter, sad, painful, grievous; harsh, biting, galling, briny. Principe —; (chem.) bitter principle. Rendre —; to embitter. Cela est d’un goût —; that has a bitter taste. Avoir la bouche amère; to have a bitter taste in the mouth. Des plaintes amères; bitter complaints. Une raillerie amère; cutting raillery.

=amer= (amè-r), n.m., bitterness, gall (of some animals and fish). —s; (med.) bitters; (nav.) seamarks, landmarks.

=amèrement= (-mān), adv., bitterly, grievously.

=américain=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., American.

=américain=, =-e=, adj., American.

=américaine=, n.f., (print.) script.

=amertume=, n.f., bitterness, acerbity; grief, sorrow; gall, venom.

=améthyste=, n.f., amethyst.

=améthyste=, n.m., humming-bird.

=améthystin=, =-e=, adj., amethystine.

=ameublement=, n.m., furniture, household goods, set of furniture.

=ameublir=, v.a., (agri.) to make lighter, to mellow; (law) to make movable.

=ameublissement= (-mān), n.m., (agri.) dressing, mellowing; (law) lien upon land.

=ameulonner=, v.a., to stack hay, corn, &c.

=ameuter=, v.a., to train dogs to hunt together; to stir up, gather, rouse, excite.

s’=ameuter=, v.r., to gather in a mob, to crowd, to riot; to mutiny, to rebel.

=ami=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., friend. Bon —, véritable —; good, true friend. — de table; table companion. Bonne —e; sweetheart. C’est un de mes vieux —s; he is an old pal, chum of mine. Traiter quelqu’un en —; to use one like a friend. Être — de; to be the companion of, to be partial to. Les bons comptes font les bons —s; short reckonings make long friends. M’—e (for mon amie); my dear, my love, darling. Mon —! my dear! Chambre d’—; spare room. Ami de cour; false friend. — en voie; a friend at court.

=ami=, =-e=, adj., friendly; kind, fond of; (paint.) friendly, favorite, propitious. — lecteur, kind reader.

=amiable=, adj., amiable, kind, friendly, courteous, amicable.

à l’=amiable=, adv., amicably, by private contract (of sales). Terminer un différend à l’—; to settle a quarrel amicably. Vente à l’—; sale by private contract.

=amiablement=, adv., amicably, in a friendly manner.

=amiante=, n.m., amianthus, mountain-flax, earth-flax.

=amical=, =-e=, adj., amicable, friendly, kind.

=amicalement= (-mān), adv., amicably, kindly, in a friendly manner.

=amict= (a-mi), n.m., amice.

=amidon=, n.m., starch; fecula.

=amidonner=, v.a., to starch.

=amidonnerie= (-do-n-rî), n.f., starch manufactory, starch-works.

=amidonnier=, n.m., starch-maker.

☉=amigdale=, n.f. V. =amygdale=.

=amincir=, v.a., to make thinner, smaller; to lessen, to edge off, to attenuate.

s’=amincir=, v.r., to become thinner, to make one’s self thin.

=amincissement= (-mān), n.m., thinning, thinness.

=amiral=, n.m., admiral. Vaisseau —; flag-ship; (conch.) admiral. Grand —; high-admiral. Vice —; vice-admiral. Contre —; rear-admiral.

=amiralat=, n.m., admiralship.

=amirale=, n.f., admiral’s wife.

=amirauté=, n.f., admiralship; admiralty.

=amitié=, n.f., friendship, amity; affection, good-will; favor, kindness; pleasure; interest; pl., kind regards, compliments, attentions. Se lier d’— avec; to become intimate with. Être sur un pied d’— avec; to be on friendly terms with. Faites-moi l’— de lui en parler; do me the kindness to mention it to him. Par —; out of friendship. Prendre quelqu’un en —; to take a liking to any one. L’— des couleurs; the perfect blending of colors. Il m’a fait des —s; he showed me much attention. Faites-lui mes —s; remember me kindly to him. Mes —s à tout le monde; love to all.

=amman=, n.m., amman, a judge who has cognizance of civil causes, in Switzerland.

=ammi=, n.m., (bot.) bishop’s-wort.

=ammon=, n.m., ammonite. Corne d’—, n.f., sermon-stone.

=ammonia-c=, =-que=, adj., ammoniac. Sel —; sal ammoniac. Gomme —que; gum ammoniac. Gaz —; ammoniacal gas.

=ammoniacal=, adj., ammoniacal.

=ammoniaque=, n.m.f., ammonia.

=ammonite=, n.f., (foss.) serpent-stone.

=amnios=, n.m., (n.p.) (anat.) amnion, amnios.

=amnistie= (am-nis-tî), n.f., amnesty, pardon.

=amnistié= (am-nis-tîé), n.m., =-e=, n.f., person pardoned by amnesty.

=amnistier= (am-nis-tié), v.a., to pardon by amnesty.

=amodiataire=, n.m., lessor (of a farm).

=amodiateur=, n.m., tenant of land, lessee, farmer.

=amodiation=, n.f., leasing, letting out to farm.

=amodier=, v.a., to farm out an estate; to rent an estate.

=amoindrir=, v.a., to lessen, to decrease, diminish.

=amoindrir=, v.n., to lessen, to grow less, to decrease.

s’=amoindrir=, v.r., to lessen, to grow less.

=amoindrissement= (-mān), n.m., lessening, decrease, abating, diminution.

=amollir=, v.a., to mollify, to soften, to mellow; to enervate, to effeminate, to unman.

s’=amollir=, v.r., to soften, to grow tender, to grow soft; to grow effeminate or weak.

=amollissant=, =-e=, adj., enervating, effeminating, softening.

=amollissement= (-mān), n.m., softening, flagging, enervation, abatement.

=amome=, n.m., amomum. — à grappes; cardamom-tree.

=amonceler=, v.a., to heap up, to lay in a heap, to fill up, to pile up, to drift.

s’=amonceler=, v.r., to gather; to be filled up; to accumulate, to drift. Les nuages s’amoncellent; the clouds are gathering.

=amoncellement= (-sel-mān), n.m., heaping up, accumulation.

=amont=, adv., up the river, up stream; above the town. Vent d’—; (nav.) easterly wind. Aller en —; to go up. En — du pont; above bridge.

=amorce=, n.f., bait; priming; (percussion) cap; tinder, train; allurement, attraction, enticement, decoy, charm, electro-plating bath. Douce —, dangereuse —; sweet, dangerous attraction. Trompeuses —s; deceitful allurements. Sans brûler une —; without firing a shot.

=amorcer=, v.a., to bait; to prime, to cap (small arms); to allure, to entice, to decoy, to draw in. — un hameçon; to bait a hook. — une arme à feu; to prime a gun.

=amorçoir=, n.m., wimble, auger. V. =ébauchoir=.

=amoroso=, adv., (mus.) amoroso.

=amorphe=, adj., amorphous.

=amorphie=, n.f., amorphy.

=amortir=, v.a., to deaden, allay, moderate; to weaken; to break (a fall); (fin.) to sink; to redeem (land, stock); to pay off; to cool (passions); (jur.) to amortize; (paint.) to flatten; to buy up. — un coup, le bruit; to deaden a blow, the sound. — une pension; to redeem a pension. — des dettes; to pay off debts. — la fièvre; to reduce the fever.

=amortir=, v.n., (nav.) to be neaped, to be dry.

s’=amortir=, v.r., to be broken, deadened; to slacken; to be paid off; to be bought up; to grow weak.

=amortissable=, adj., (fin.) redeemable.

=amortissement= (-mān), n.m., redeeming, buying up; liquidation; sinking; deadening, abatement, redemption; amortization; (arch.) the uppermost part of a building, top, pediment, finishing; (nav.) lying aground. Caisse d’—; sinking-fund office. Fonds d’—; sinking-fund (capital).

=amour=, n.m., love, lovingness, passion, flame. L’Amour; (myth.) Eros; Cupid. Beau comme l’Amour; a very Adonis. Lacs d’—; love-knot. Avec —; lovingly, carefully. Se marier par —; to marry for love. Mourir d’—; to be lovesick. Avoir de l’— pour; to be in love with. En —; (of animais) in heat. Filer le parfait —; to play the sentimental lover. Faire l’—; to court, to make love to. Pour l’— de Dieu; for God’s sake. Je voudrais pour l’— de vous que cela fût; I wish it were so for your sake. C’est un vrai remède d’—; she is a perfect fright. La terre est en —; the land is ripe for vegetation. Cette montre est un véritable —; that is a love of a watch. Quel — d’enfant! what a love of a child! — propre, self-love, self-respect, conceit, vanity.

=amours=, n.f.pl., one’s love, flame, amours; delight. Ses premières —; his first love. Les —; (myth.) the Loves. De folles —; foolish love. Les tableaux sont ses —; pictures are his delight. Froides mains, chaudes —; cold hand, warm heart.

=amouraché=, =-e=, part., (fam.) smitten, in love with.

=amouracher=, v.a., to make fall in love.

s’=amouracher=, v.a., (fam.) to become enamored of, smitten with.

=amourette=, n.f., intrigue; love, love-affair; amour; (bot.) quaking-grass. —s de veau; calf’s marrow.

=amoureusement= (-eûz-mān), adv., amorously, lovingly; tenderly, softly.

=amoureu-x=, =-se=, adj., in love, enamored, amorous; loving. Il est — de cette femme; he is in love with that woman. Regards —; looks full of love. Devenir —; to fall in love. Être — des onze mille vierges; to be a universal lover, a man-flirt.

=amoureu-x=, n.m., =-se=, n.f., lover, wooer, sweetheart, spark; (thea.) actor, actress, who performs lovers’ parts.

=amovibilité=, n.f., revocableness, removability, liability to removal.

=amovible=, adj., removable, revocable, at pleasure. Emploi —; revocable appointment, office held during pleasure.

=amphibie=, n.m., amphibian; time-server, double-dealer; (pers.) jack of all trades; man of two different trades.

=amphibie=, adj., amphibious.

=amphibologie=, n.f., amphibology.

=amphibologique=, adj., amphibological, ambiguous.

=amphibologiquement= (-jik-mān), adv., amphibologically, ambiguously.

=amphibraque=, n.m., (poet.) amphibrach.

=amphictyonide=, adj. Ville —; a town having the right of sending a deputy to the Amphictyonic council.

=amphictyonique=, adj., Amphictyonic.

=amphictyons= (-ti-ōn), n.m.pl., Amphictyons.

=amphigouri=, n.m., ludicrous poem, burlesque, or speech; rigmarole, gibberish.

=amphigourique=, adj., ludicrous, nonsensical, burlesque.

=amphigouriquement= (-rik-mān), adv., nonsensically.

=amphimacre=, n.m., (poet.) amphimacer.

=amphisciens= (-si-in), n.m., (geog.) amphiscians.

=amphithéâtral=, =-e=, adj., amphitheatrical.

=amphithéâtre=, n.m., amphitheatre; first gallery; dissecting-room, lecture-room. En —; in the form of an amphitheatre.

=amphitryon=, n.m., (myth.) Amphitryon; host, entertainer.

=amphore=, n.f., amphora, pitcher, jug.

=ample=, adj., ample, full; large, vast, spacious, roomy, wide, broad; copious, diffuse.

=amplement=, adv., amply, fully; largely, plentifully, broadly, extensively, diffusively.

=ampleur=, n.f., amplitude, largeness, wideness. Il n’a pas assez d’—; it is too scanty, not full enough.

=ampliati-f=, =-ve=, adj., (of the Pope’s briefs and bulls) additional, enlarging on.

=ampliation=, n.f., the duplicate (of a receipt). Pour —; a true copy (jurisp.). Lettres d’—; letters of ampliation.

☉=amplier=, v.a., (jur.) to prolong, to put off, to defer.

=amplificateur=, n.m., (b.s.) amplifier.

=amplification=, n.f., amplification.

=amplifier=, v.a., to amplify, to enlarge, to enrich, to enlarge upon; to expatiate upon.

=amplitude=, n.f., (astron., geol.) amplitude.

=ampoule=, n.f., blister on the hands or feet; (med., bot.) ampulla. La sainte —; the holy phial (for holy oil). Faire venir des —s; to blister.

=ampoulé=, =-e=, adj., blistered; tumid, high-flown, swelling, bombastic, turgid. Un style —, des vers —s; high-flown style, bombastic verses.

=ampouler=, v.a., (metal.) to blister.

=ampouler=, v.n., to blister.

=ampoulette=, n.f., (nav.) clock; glass.

=amputation=, n.f., amputation. Faire une —; to perform an amputation.

=amputé=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., one who has had a limb amputated.

=amputer=, v.a., to amputate, to cut off.

=amulette=, n.f., amulet, charm.

=amure=, n.f., (nav.) tack of a sail. Première — de misaine; fore-tack. Grande —; main-tack.

=amurer=, v.a., (nav.) to haul or bring aboard the tack of a sail. Amure la grande voile! aboard the main tack!

=amusable=, adj., capable of being amused, amusable.

=amusant=, =-e=, adj., amusing, diverting, entertaining.

=amusement= (-mān), n.m., amusement, pastime, entertainment, sport, diversion; sham, trick, mere put off; fooling, trifling. Pas tant d’—; less trifling.

=amuser=, v.a., to amuse, to divert, to entertain, to recreate, to solace, to beguile; to put one off with fair words and promises; to trifle with; to stop, to detain; to deceive. Ne m’amusez pas; don’t detain me. — le tapis; to talk the time away, to be long in coming to the point. — l’ennemi; to deceive the enemy.

s’=amuser=, v.r., to amuse one’s self, to busy one’s self; to disport, to sport, to tarry, to stay, to trifle, to stand trifling. S’— de quelqu’un; to trifle with any one. Ne vous amusez pas en chemin; don’t loiter on the way. S’— à des bagatelles; to care for nothing but trifles. S’— à la moutarde; to stand at trifles.

=amusette=, n.f., amusement, trifling, child’s play.

=amuseur=, n.m., entertainer, deceiver.

=amusoire=, n.f., something amusing, toy, trifle.

=amygdale=, n.f., (anat.) almond, tonsil.

=amygdaloïde=, n.f., amygdaloid.

=amylacé=, =-e=, adj., amylaceous, resembling starch.

=an=, n.m., year, twelvemonth. Le jour de l’—; New Year’s day. L’— bissextile; leap year. Bon —, mal —; one year with another. Au bout d’un —; twelve months after that. L’— de notre Seigneur; the, in the, year of our Lord. L’— du monde; the, in the, year of the world. Il y a un —; a year ago. Nouvel —; New Year. L’— passé; last year. Tous les —s; every year, yearly. Tous les deux —s; every other year. Elle a quinze —s; she is fifteen. Une fois, deux fois, l’—; once, twice, a year. Bon jour, bon —; a happy New Year to you. Bout de l’—, service du bout de l’—; service, commemoration. Je m’en moque comme de l’— quarante; I don’t care two straws about it.

=ana=, n.m., (—) termination, denoting a collection of sayings, ana; (phar.) ana, āā or ā.

=anabaptisme= (-ba-tism), n.m., anabaptism.

=anabaptiste= (-ba-tist), n.m., anabaptist.

=anacarde=, n.m., anacardium, cashew-nut.

=anacardier=, n.m., anacardium, cashew-tree.

=anachorète= (-ko-), n.m., anachoret, anchorite, hermit.

=anachronisme= (-kro-), n.m., anachronism.

=anacoluthe=, n.f., (gram.) anacoluthon.

=anacréontique=, adj., anacreontic.

=anagallis=. V. =mouron=.

=anagnoste=, n.m., (antiq.) a slave who, among the Romans, read during the meals.

=anagogique=, adj., (theol.) anagogical, mystical.

=anagrammatique=, adj., anagrammatical.

=anagrammatiser=, v.a., to anagrammatize.

=anagrammatiste=, n.m., anagrammatist.

=anagramme=, n.f., anagram.

=anagyris= (-rîs), n.m., bean-trefoil.

=analectes=, n.m.pl., (phil.) analects.

=analemme=, n.m., (astron.) analemma.

=analeptique=, adj., (med.) analeptic.

=analeptique=, n.m., (med.) analeptic.

=analogie=, n.f., analogy.

=analogique=, adj., analogous, analogical.

=analogiquement= (-jik-mān), adv., analogically.

=analogisme=, n.m., analogism.

=analogue= (-log), adj., analogous.

=analyse=, n.f., analysis; outline; parsing. Faire l’— de l’eau; to analyze water. Faire l’— d’un passage; (gram.) to parse a passage. En dernière —; to conclude, to sum up; the upshot of it is.

=analyser=, v.a., to analyze. — une fleur; to dissect a flower.

=analyste=, n.m., analyzer, analyst.

=analytique=, adj., analytical.

=analytique=, n.f., analytics.

=analytiquement= (-tik-mān), adv., analytically.

=anamorphose=, n.f., (persp.) anamorphosis.

=ananas= (-nâ), n.m., pineapple. Champ d’—; pinery. Fraise —; pine-strawberry.

=anapeste=, n.m., (poet.) anapæst.

=anapestique=, adj., anapæstic.

=anaphore=, n.f., (rhet.) anaphora.

=anaphrodisiaque=, adj., (pharm.) antaphrodisiac, anti-aphrodisiac.

=anaphrodite=, adj., (med.) impotent, anaphrodite.

=anarchie=, n.f., anarchy.

=anarchique=, adj., anarchical.

=anarchiser=, v.a., to throw into anarchy.

=anarchiste=, n.m.f., anarchist.

=anarrhique=, n.m., wolf-fish. — loup; ravenous wolf-fish.

=anasarque=, n.f., anasarca, dropsy of the skin.

=anastomose=, n.f., (anat.) anastomosis.

s’=anastomoser=, v.r., to anastomose.

=anastrophe=, n.f., (gram.) anastrophe.

=anathématiser=, v.a., to anathematize.

=anathème=, n.m., anathema; reprobation, curse. Frapper d’—; to anathematize. — maranatha; anathema, maranatha.

=anathème=, adj., anathematized.

=anatife=, n.m., barnacle.

=anatocisme=, n.m., anatocism (compound interest).

=anatomie=, n.f., anatomy, dissection; subject (body under dissection); methodical analysis (of a book). — comparée; comparative anatomy.

=anatomique=, adj., anatomical.

=anatomiquement= (-mān), adv., anatomically.

=anatomiser=, v.a., to anatomize. — un livre; to dissect a book.

=anatomiste=, n.m., anatomist.

=ancêtre=, n.m.f., ancestor, ancestress.

=ancêtres=, n.m.pl., ancestors, forefathers. De ses —; ancestral.

=anche=, n.f., reed (of a hautboy or other wind instrument); meal-spout (of a mill). — d’orgue; reed-stop of an organ.

=anché=, =-e=, adj., (her.) curved.

=anchilops= (-ki-), n.m., (med.) anchilops.

=anchois=, n.m., anchovy. Beurre or pâte d’—; anchovy paste.

=anchoité=, =-e=, adj., pickled like anchovies.

=ancien=, =-ne= (-si-in, -si-è-n), adj., ancient, old; senior; of old times, of ancient standing; former, late, ex. Une — ne coutume; an old custom. L’— et le Nouveau Testament; the Old and New Testament.

=ancien=, n.m., senior; ancient; elder; old codger. Les ouvrages des —s; the works of the ancients. Les —s d’une église; the elders. L’—; Old Nick.

=anciennement= (-è-n-mān), adv., anciently, formerly; of yore, of old; in former times.

=ancienneté= (-è-n-té), n.f., ancientness, primitiveness; seniority, age, antiquity. De toute —; from the earliest times.

=ancile=, n.m., (antiq.) sacred buckler.

=ancolie=, n.f., (bot.) columbine.

=anconé=, n.m., (anat.) ancon.

=ancrage=, n.m., anchor-ground; anchorage. Droits d’—; anchorage dues.

=ancre=, n.f., anchor; (arch.) brace, an s. L’— de flot; the flood anchor. L’— de jusant; the ebb anchor. L’— de large; the sea anchor. Maîtresse —; the sheet anchor. — de rechange; spare anchor. La seconde —; the best bower anchor. L’— d’affourche; the small bower anchor. L’— de touée; the stream anchor. — de miséricorde, de salut; sheet anchor. — surjalée; foul anchor. Chasser sur ses —s; to drag one’s anchors. Empenneler une —; to back an anchor. Caponner l’—; to cat the anchor. Traverser l’—; to fish the anchor. Gouverner sur son —; to steer the ship to her anchor. Être à l’—; to ride at anchor. Fatiguer à l’—; to ride hard. Ne pas fatiguer à l’—; to ride easy. Jeter l’—; to cast anchor. Brider l’—; to shoe the anchor. Lever l’—; to weigh anchor. Mettre l’— à poste; to stow the anchor. Jeter sa dernière —; (fig.) to make a last effort. C’est notre — de salut; it is our last resource.

☉=ancrer=, v.n., to anchor, to come to an anchor. V. =mouiller=.

s’=ancrer=, v.r., to settle one’s self, to get a footing in a place, to take deep root in.

=ancrure=, n.f., small fold made in cloth while shearing it, crease; (arch.) iron prop.

=andabate=, n.m., (antiq.) gladiator who fought blindfolded.

=andain=, n.m., (agr.) swath; wind-row.

=andanté=, adv., (mus.) andante.

=andante=, n.m., (—s) (mus.) an air to be played or sung andante.

☉=andelle=, n.f., beech-wood.

*=andouille=, n.f., (of pigs) chitterlings; twist (of tobacco). Cela s’en est allé en brouet d’—; it all ended in smoke.

*=andouiller=, n.m., antler. Les premiers —s; the brow-antlers. Sur —s; sur-antlers.

*=andouillette=, n.f., forced-meat ball, small sausage.

=androgyne=, n.m., androgynous, hermaphrodite.

=androgyne=, adj., androgynal, androgynous.

=androïde=, n.m., android, automaton.

=andromède=, n.f., (astron.) Andromeda.

=andropogon=, n.m., (bot.) camel’s hay.

=âne=, n.m., ass, jackass, donkey; blockhead, ignorant fool, idiot; vice (instrument). Fait en dos d’—; (arch.) made with a shelving ridge; hog’s-back. Coq-à-l’—; cock-and-bull story. Promenade à —; donkey-ride. Pont aux —s; asses’ bridge. C’est le pont aux —s; every fool knows that. À laver la tête d’un —, on perd sa lessive; there is no washing a blackamoor white. Faute d’un point, Martin perdit son —; a miss is as good as a mile. Il ne sera jamais qu’un —; he will be an ass as long as he lives. Conte de peau d’—; fairy tale. On ne saurait faire boire un — qui n’a pas soif; you may take a horse to water, but you can’t make him drink. Têtu comme un —; as stubborn as a mule. Sérieux comme un — qu’on étrille; as grave as a judge. Tête d’—; ass’s head. Bonnet d’—; fool’s cap; (ich.) bull-head, miller’s-thumb, cottus.

=anéantir=, v.a., to annihilate, to put out of existence, to destroy; to reduce to nothing, to prostrate, to thunderstrike, to dumfound.

s’=anéantir=, v.r., to be annihilated or destroyed, to come to nothing; to cease to be, to humble oneself.

=anéantissement= (-mān), n.m., annihilation, annihilating; abjection, humiliation; prostration, depression; destruction, destroying, ruin, overthrow.

=anecdote=, n.f., anecdote.

=anecdotier= (-tié), n.m., anecdote-teller, monger.

=anecdotique=, adj., anecdotical. Recueil —; collection of anecdotes.

=ânée=, n.f., load of an ass.

=anémie=, n.f., (med.) anæmia.

=anémique=, adj., suffering from anæmia.

=anémographie=, n.f., anemography.

=anémomètre=, n.m., anemometer.

=anémone=, n.f., anemone, wind-flower.

=anémoscope=, n.m., anemoscope, weather-cock.

=ânerie=, n.f., gross ignorance; stupidity; gross blunder.

=ânesse=, n.f., she-ass. Lait d’—; ass’s milk.

=anesthésie=, n.f., (med.) anæsthesia.

=anesthésique=, adj., anæsthetic.

=aneth=, n.m., (bot.) dill.

=anévrismal=, =-e=, adj., aneurismal.

=anévrisme=, n.m., aneurism.

=anfractueu-x=, =-se=, adj., anfractuous, rugged, cragged, craggy.

=anfractuosité=, n.f., anfractuosity, winding, sinuosity, cavity.

☉=angar=, n.m. V. =hangar=.

=ange=, n.m., a spirit, angel; (artil.) chain-shot, cross-bar shot; angel-shot; (ich.) angel-fish, skate, squatina. — déchu; fallen angel. — tutélaire; guardian angel. Rire aux —s; to have a laughing fit. Être aux —s; to be in a transport of joy, in raptures. — bouffi; a chubby child. Lit d’—; tent bed.

=angélique=, adj., angelical, angelic.

=angélique=, n.f., angelica.

=angéliquement= (-lik-mān), adv., angelically.

=angelot= (anj-lo), n.m., angelot cheese.

=angélus= (ān-), n.m., (n.p.) (c.rel.) Angelus. Sonner l’—; to toll the angelus.

=angine=, n.f., (med.) angina, quinsy, sore throat. — couenneuse; diphtheria.

=angineu-x=, =-se=, adj., (med.) attended with angina.

=angiographie=, n.f., angiography.

=angiologie=, n.f., angiology.

=angiosperme=, adj., (bot.) angiospermous.

=angiospermie=, n.f., (bot.) angiosperm.

=angiotomie=, n.f., angiotomy.

=anglais=, =-e=, adj., English; British. Être poursuivi par des —; to be pestered by creditors.

=anglais=, n.m., English, Englishman.

=anglaise=, n.f., English girl, woman; upholsterer’s thread or silk lace. Elle porte des —s; she wears long, drooping curls.

=anglaiser=, v.a., to nick a horse’s tail.

=angle=, n.m., angle, corner, turning. — aigu; acute angle. — droit; right angle. — rectiligne; rectilinear angle. — rentrant, saillant; re-entrant, salient angle. À —s saillants; sharp-cornered. À — droit; rectangular. — facial; (anat.) facial angle.

=anglet=, n.m., (arch.) indenture, channel.

=angleu-x=, =-se=, adj., (bot.) imbedded in angular cavities. Une noix —se; a walnut difficult to pick out of its shell.

=anglican=, =-e=, adj., Anglican, English. L’Eglise —e; the Church of England.

=anglican=, n.m., =-e=, n.f., Anglican; member of the Church of England.

=angliciser=, v.a., to anglicize.

s’=angliciser=, v.r., to become anglicized, English.

=anglicisme=, n.m., anglicism.

=anglomane=, n. and adj., anglomaniac.

=anglomanie=, n.f., anglomania.

=angoisse=, n.f., anguish, pang; great distress, affliction, tribulation. Les —s de la mort; the pangs of death. Poire d’—; choke-pear, gag. Avaler des poires d’—; to go through hardships, to eat humble pie.

☉=angola=. V. =angora=.

=angon=, n.m., (antiq.) javelin; (fishing) shellfish hook.

=angora=, n.m., Angora-cat.

=angora=, adj., of Angora.

=angousse=, n.f., (bot.) hell-weed, dodder.

=anguichure= (-ghi-shur), n.f., huntsman’s horn-belt.

*=anguillade= (-ghi-), n.f., lash; (with a whip) lashing, cut; eel-skin, &c.

*=anguille= (-ghi-), n.f., eel; fly the garter (boy’s game); bilge-ways, launching-ways (square bed of timber placed under a vessel’s bilge to support her while launching). — de mer; conger. — plat-bec; grig. Ecorcher l’— par la queue; to begin a thing at the wrong end. Il y a quelque — sous roche; there is a snake in the grass, there is something in the wind.

=angulaire=, adj., angular, cornered. Pierre —; corner-stone.

=angulé=, =-e=, adj., angular, angulated.

=anguleu-x=, =-se=, adj., angulous; (bot.) angular.