The life and public services of Schuyler Colfax: together with his most important speeches

Front matter

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Preface

The unusual enthusiasm manifested by the people of the Union over the nomination of Mr. Colfax for the office of Vice-President of the United States, has made it proper that a full and detailed account of the life and services of that distinguished statesman should be given to the public, in order that the people of the country may have, in a convenient form, a record of those services upon which his friends base their selection of him for the second post in the gift of the nation. It is confidently believed that no better choice could have been made.

The author has labored to present as complete and perfect a record of the life and services of Mr. Colfax, as can be compressed within the limits of a work necessarily so brief as this. He has given a full history of his Congressional career, his manly defence of the great and vital principles of our system of Government, and his efforts in behalf of the cause of progress in aU parts of our broad land. The " Overland Journey " h^s been sketched briefly but comprehen-

VI PBEFACE.

sively, and full accounts of the proceedings of tlie Nar tional Republican Convention, and the events which followed the nominations, are given. Copious extracts from the speeches of Mr. Colfax will be found in the body of the book, and a collection of a few of his most important speeches is appended at the close of the volume, as it is the desire of the author to support his estimates of the subject of the memoir, and the measures discussed herein, by Mr. Colfax's own words. In short., no pains have been spared to make the work worthy of the support which is asked for it.

The book is given to the public with these few remarks, and it is hoppd that it may, in some degree, contribute to the task of bringing those who read it into a better and more intimate acquaintanceship with its

distinguished subject.

E. W. M.

Chapter I

Ancestry — Birth— Boyhood — ^Early Life — Removes to the West — ^Ap» pointed Deputy-Collector — ^Early Studies — Starts a Newspaper — Life in the West — The Debating Club — Delegate to the Whig Convention — Sent to the Constitutional Convention — Defeated for Congress — Schedule of his Majorities — Declines the position of State Senator — Elected to the 34th Congress 11

Chapter II

Meeting of the 34th Congress — Political complexion of that body — Contest for the Speakership — Mr. Colfax's Reply to Mr. Stewart — A Happy Hit — Euse to elect a Pro-slavery Speaker detected and foiled by Mr. Colfax — A plain Statement — ^Interesting Debate — The Game Blocked — Renewal and final Failure of the Pro-slavery Ruse — Sharp Practice in the House — Boldness of Mr. Oolfax— -A Fearless Cham pion of the Right — Generous Defence of Mr. Banks — Election of Speaker — Bill for a Harbor of Refuge at Michigan City — Efforts of the Democrats to defeat the Measure — Its final Passage 21

CHAPTER HI.

The Troubles in Kansas — History of the Territory — Efforts to Organize it Defeated by the South — The Kansas-Nebraska Bill — Its True Character— Repeal of the Missouri Compromise — History of the Measure in Congress — ^The Efforts of the Free-Soil Members Defeated — How the Bill was Passed — Opening of the Territory — Organization and Outrages of the Border-Ruffians— Emigration to the Territory — Outrages of the Bogus Government and its Officials. — The Sacking of Lawrence — Laws of the Bogus Legislature — Efforts of the Free- Soil Men to Secure a State Government— The " Border War "—The Case laid before Congress — Report of the Committee — ^Noble Speech of Mr. Oolfax in behalf of the Free Settlers— The Ball and Chain— Thrilliog Scene in the House 46

Vni CONTENTS.

Chapter IV

Meeting of the 34th Congress — The Tariff Question — Mr. Colfax's Speech on Free Sugar — Memorial of the Indiana Legislature — Dehate on the Subject — Case of Mr. Siraonton — ^Bold Appeal of Mr. Colfax for the Eights of a Citizen — His Consistency — Care for the Officials of the House — The Presidential Campaign of 1856 — Mr. Colfax predicts the Defeat of Fremont, but supports him — Eulogy on Senator Bell — Speech on the Mormon Question — Declares himself in favor of enforcing the Neutrality Laws — ^Appeal in behalf of tbe Veterans of the War of 1812— Denounces tbe "Washington Police — The Election Law of the City of Washington — Proposes to abolish tbe Pranking Privilege — Mr. Colfax delivers his second great Speech on Kansas — Eloquent Peroration — Efforts in behalf of the Indians — Efforts for Eeform in the Post OflSce Department — Kesolntion to protect Commodore Paulding — Opposes the Extravagance of Congress— ^Defeats the Measure to give all the Printing to the Democrats — ^Defence of tbe State of Indiana T,7

Chapter V

Reelection to the 36th Congress — Majority in this election — Meeting of Congress — Situation of the Country — Tbe Sectional troubles— Tbe John Brown Raid — Tbe Contest for Speaker — Mr. Clark's Resolution — Dentpiciation of the Republicans — Greeley on the " Helper Book." — The Contest for Speaker a hard Fight — ^Mr. Colfax's Defence of the EepubHoan Party — ^Maintains the Right of his Party to elect a Speaker — Manly Assertion of his Independence^ Mr. Colfax maintains the Freedom of the Press, and administers a sharp Rebuke to tbe Democrats — Hopelessness of tbe Contest for the Speakership— Withdrawal of Mr. Sherman and Election of Mr. Pennington — Mr. Colfax is made Chairman of tbe Post Office Committee — Efforts in behalf of tbe Pacific States and Territories — Supports Mr. Lincoln for President— A prophetic Announcement 106

Chapter VI

Elected to the 37tb Congress — Meeting of Congress — State of the Country—Postal Affairs — Withdrawal of Delegates from Congress — Resolution to withdraw the Mails from the revolted States — Postal Affairs again— The " Overland Mail " Route— Speech of Mr. Colfax in behalf of it — ^An interesting Statement of the Plan — ^Inauguration of

CONTENTS. IX

President Lincoln — Proposal to place Mr. Colfax in the' Cabinet — Secession — Civil "War — Extra Session of Congress — Postal Eegalations for the Benefit of the Army — Speech on the Tax BiU — Supports the Measures of the Administration — Eulogy on Senator Baker — Elected to the 88th Congress — Gravity of the Contest — Meeting of Congress — Eesolution relative to Mexico — Speech on the Bill to indemnify the President— Eelations with the President — Favors the Admission of "West Virginia — Postal Reforms — Case of Mr. Vandever — Eesolution respecting Exchanged Prisoners — Speech on the GeorgetoTvnEailwayBiU— Naval Affairs— Bounty Eesolution— Views upon the Financial Measures of the day — ^Postal Eeforms again. 119

Chapter VII

Meeting of the 38th Congress — ^Mr. Colfax elected Speaker — Statement of the Vote — Eemarks on taking the Chair — How the Speech was received — Conduct as Speaker — Measures of the 38th Cotgress— Moves to expel Mr. Long, of Ohio — Speech in support of his Eesolution— ^Debate in the House — A sharp Colloquy — ^Fairness of Mr. Colfax— Close of the Session — Eemarks of the Speaker — Second Session of the 38th Congress — Mr. Colfax's Conduct as Speaker — Eesolution of Thanks — Eemarks of Messrs. Cox and Dawson — ^Adjournment of Congress — ^Address of Mr. Colfax , 153

CHAPTER VIIL

Close of the War — ^Mr. Colfax prepares for his " Overland Journey " — Parting with President Lincoln— Murder of the President — The removal of Mr. Lincoln's Remains to Illinois — ^Mr. Colfax pronounces a Eulogy at Chicago, upon the " Life and Principles of Abraham Lincoln"— ^His Motives in undertaking the Journey to the Pacific — The Eendezvous at Atchison, Kansas — ^Mr. Colfax's Companions — The Journey begun — The Ride across the Prairie — Arrival at Fort Kearney The Plains— Emigrant Trains — The Route — Communication with the East — Mr. Colfax meets old Friends — Breakfast at Julesburg — Eeoeption at Denver— Speech of Mr. Colfax — Mr. Lincoln's Message to the Miners — Visits to the Mines — The 1st of June in Denver- Grand Banquet — En route again — The Ride over the Mountains — Indian Depredations — The Church Butte — View from the Hills — Camp Douglas — Arrival and Eeception at Salt Lake City — Speech of Mr. Colfax— Honors to the Speaker — Visit of Brigham Young to Mr. Colfax—Matters at Salt Lake City— The Theatre— The Tabernacle- Second Interview with Brigham Young — The "Wells, Fargo & Co.

X CONTENTS.

ges — ^Departure from Salt Lake City — Arrival at Virginia City — Eeception — Speech of Mr. Colfax — The Kide over the Sierras — Lake Tahoe — A model Stage Eoad-^The Eaih'oad to Sacramento — The Steamboat— Arrival at San Francisco 178

Chapter IX

Review of the Journey — Departure for Oregon — Jonrney through that State — ^Portland — Excursion on the Columbia River — Reception at the Dalles — Washington Territory — Eeception at Olympia — Puget Sound — Reception at Vancouver's Island — Speech at Victoria — Return to San Francisco — ^Excursions through California — Honors to Mr. Colfax by the Citizens of San Francisco — ^The Chinese Dinner — The Parting Banquet — Speech of Mr. Colfax — Departure from California— Remarks of Mr. Bowles on Mr. Colfax's Receptions by the People — The Voyage home — Panama — Crossing the Isthmus — Arrival in New York — Mr. Colfax's Lecture 213

Chapter X

Meeting of the 39th Congress — ^Mr. Colfax elected Speaker — His Address — Measures of Congress — Conflict with the President — Elected to the 40th Congress — Again chosen Speaker — Meeting of the Chicago Convention— The Platform — ^Nomination of General Grant — ^Balloting for Vice-President — Choice of Mr. Colfax — Scenes in the Convention — Announcement to Mr. Colfax— Scene in the Speaker's Eoom — Reception of Mr. Colfax — Congratulated by the Democrats — General rejoicing — ^Formal Announcement of his Nomination to Mr. Colfax — His Reply — Scene at General Grant's Eesidence — Mr. Colfax's Letter of Acceptance— Personal Sketch of Mr. Colfax 231

Appendix

I. Speech of Mr. Colfax on " The Position of Parties." 257

IL " " " " " "The Laws of Kansas." 271

IV. " " " " " " Utah Affairs." 340

V. " '' " " " "The Admission of "West Virginia.", 345

VL " " " " " " The Vandever Case 361

Vn. " " " " " " Postal Reform." 385

VIII. " " " " " TheResolutiontoexpelMr. Long... 432

LIFE OF SCHUYLER COLFAX.

Chapter I

Ancestry — Birth — ^Boyhood — Early Life — Removes to the West — Appointed Deputy-OoHeotor — Early Studies — Starts a Newspaper — Life in the West- — The Debating Club — Delegate to the Whig Convention ^-Sent to the Constitutional Convention— Defeated for Congress — Schedule of his Majorities — Declines the position of State Senator — Elected to the 34th Congress.

Schuyler Colfax comes of good stock. His grandfatlier was General William Colfax, of New Jersey, a distinguished officer of the Revolution, who commanded the life-guards of Washington throughout that struggle. The confidence and 'afifection reposed in him by the great commander, during that dark period of our history, were fully merited, and no officer . of the Continental Army was more highly esteemed by his comrades in arms. After the war closed, the tried soldier was among the most intimate personal friends of Washington, which circumstance is the most emphatic endorsement of his worth and integrity, as a man, that the "Father of his Country" could give. General Colfax majried Hester Schuyler, a cousin of the famous General Philip Schuyler, of the Revolution, and in whose veins flowed the best blood of New York. His son by this marriage was named Schuyler, after the family of his wife. After attaining his manhood, this son became an officer in one of the New York banks. He did not long survive his marriage, but died about four montlis before tlie birth of bis son, the subject of this memoir.

Schuyler Colfax was born in North Moore street, in the city of New York, on the 23d of March, 1823. His mother was of very limited means, and unable to provide him with the advantages of education, for which his unusual brightness and aptitude showed him fitted ; and such education as he received was gained at the grammar-schools of the city, and the High-School in Crosby street, to which he was soon promoted. He was possessed of more than usual intelligence and quickness, and though his school career was brief, it was one that both instructor and pupil could contemplate with pleasure.

His mother's means were too limited, however, to allow him to remain at school long, and, by the time he was ten years of age, he was put into the store of a friend, as a clerk. There he remained three years, contributing greatly, by his small salary, to the support of his widowed mother, and entirely maintaining himself. In 1836, his mother, having married a gentleman named Mathews, removed with her husband to St. Joseph County, Indiana, taking her son with her. Young Schuyler there became a clerk in a store in the village of New Carlisle, which position he held until he was seventeen years old.

In 1840, he was appointed Deputy-Auditor of the county, and, in order to have the best facilities for the discharge of his duties, he removed to the town of South Bend, where he has resided ever since. This was his entrance into public life.

EARLY STKUGGLES. 13

It is said that it is the ambition of every American boy to become President of the United States. Whether this feeling was shared by young Colfax we are not prepared to say ; but it is certain that, at a very early day, when most boys are thinking of their games and play, he made up his mind to enter upon the stormy and uncertain career of politics at the first practicable moment, and to rise as high and as quickly as his abilities would permit. Nor did he content himself with merely determining to rise in the life he had marked out for himself He began, when only sixteen or seventeen years of age, to pursue a systematic and careful course of reading and study, resolving to make up by his own exertions what he had lost in leaving school so young. He read law thoroughly, and, though he had no idea of entering upon the practice of it, he soon became " an acknowledged expounder " of it, and it is believed that his friends sought his advice in such mat- .ters quite as often as they did that of the legal gentlemen of the neighborhood. Many hours of each day, after the duties of his office were over, were given to the most carefiil and laborious study. History, biography, travels, poetry, fiction, and every thing that could store his mind with useful knowledge, or aid him in acquiring elegance of style in which to express his thoughts, were eagerly read and pondered over by this young man, who had resolved to win a name. He knew the slow, uphill, wearying nature of the task upon which he had entered, but he did not shrink from it. Other men had begun as poor and unknown as he, and had won the President's chair. The task was hard, but it required only industry, merit, and independence; and he meant to succeed as far as lay in his power.

In 1845, at the age of twenty-two, he took his first step in the path he has since trodden so worthily. He established a weekly journal at South Bend, called " The, St. Joseph Valley Register.'''' Of this journal he was the sole proprietor and editor. Those who know any thing of the difficulties which lie in the way of a country newspaper during the first few years of its existence, will appreciate the magnitude of the task which Mr. Colfax thus undertook. The country was iiot very thickly settled, and the people, who were just laying the foundations of that remarkable prosperity which they enjoy to-day, had very little money to spend on newspapers, and stiU less for advertising. The revenues of the paper were very small, and its expenses very heavy. He began with just two hundred and fifty subscribers, and by the end of his first year had succeeded in contracting debts for his paper to the amount of thirteen hundred and seventy-five dollars. The prospect was gloomy enough, but the young editor was not discouraged. He had begun bravely by putting his shoulder to the wheel, and doing his own work. In order to economize his resources as much as possible he applied himself to learn " the printer's art," and worked regularly at the case, until his editorial duties and increasing office business compelled him to desist. Undismayed by the gloomy condition of his affairs at the end of his first year, he persevered, and slowly and surely won success where all had seemed so doubtful before. His paper steadily prospered, and

EDITORIAL CAREEK. 15

gradually became a source of profit to him, affording him a very comfortable, if not a very large income. A few years after its establishment, his office, which was entirely uninsured, was burned down, and he had to begin his labors over again. He made good all his losses, however, and continued his connection with the paper until three or four years ago. During the early years of his Congressional career, he wrote regularly a weekly letter to it, which aided very materially in increasing its circulation and popularity in his State. " The Register," says one of the best of American journalists, "was ably edited, and was a model of courtesy and dignity. Every paragraph, however small, seemed to have passed under the supervision of and to reflect the mind and thoughts of its editor." Mrs. Stowe, in her " Men of the Times," says : " Besides paying well, the ' Register,' as conducted by Mr. Colfax, is entitled to the much higher praise of having been a useful, interesting and a morally pure paper, always on the side of what is good and right in morals and society. It has been, for instance, constantly in favor of temperance reform ; and it has always avoided the masses of vile detail which so many papers of respectable position manage to distribute in families under pretence that they must give full news of police reports and criminal trials."

Soon after the " Register " was established, Mr. Colfax assisted in organizing at South Bend a Debating Club, composed of the best men, both young and old, of the town and county. This club met at stated periods, and its debates are said to have been marked

16 JjWK of SCHUYLER COLFAX.

by more than the average ability of such bodies. Politics, law, history, and every topic of a useful or entertaining nature, furnished the themes which were discussed by these Village Ciceros.

Mr. Colfax was rarely absent from the meetings, and taking part in every discussion soon acquired that readiness and polish as a debater which have marked his course ever since his first appearance in public life. He was regarded as the best and most formidable debater in the club, and there were few who cared to encounter either his weighty arguments or his ready repartee. ;

The Hon. John D. Defrees, now Superintendent of the Government Printing, and for many years the editor and proprietor of The Indianapolis Jou7'nal, was also a member of the club, and between Mr. Colfax and himself there sprang up a friendship which has continued unbroken to the present day.

While connected with The ^Register, Mr. Colfax, for several sessions, held the post of Reporter of the Debates of the State Senate to the Indianapolis Journal. The experience which he gained in this position was of great service to him, as it enabled him to familiarize himself with the forms and rules ef parliamentary assemblies.

In entering upon his political life, Mr. Colfax cast his fortunes with the old Whig Party, with which he continued to act so long as it existed. He exerted himself energetically through the columns of his paper, and elsewhere, in behalf of his party and its principles, and it was not long before he won the regard and confidence of his political associates. In 1848, he was a

ELECTED TO THE STATE CONVENTION. 17

member of the Indiana delegation to the National Whig Convention, which nominated General Taylor for the Presidency, and was chosen by that body to act as its Secretary. He took an active part in the campaign which followed, and enjoyed the. satisfaction of witnessing the splendid triumph of his party.

His district was strongly Democratic, but so great was his personal popularity, that, in 1850, he was chosen to represent the County of St. Joseph in the Convention which framed the present Constitution of the State of Indiana. In this body he acquired an enviable reputation as a debater, as well as for the soundness, moderation, and fairness of his views.

Among the measures introduced into the Convention, was one prohibiting free colored men from settling in the State. This Mr. Colfax opposed with all his ability, denouncing it as unwise and unjust, and as calculated to dishearten the negro race in whatever efforts they might make for their advancement intellectually or morally. He thus early placed himself fairly in the position he has always held, of friendship to the oppressed and downtrodden of all races and countries. The earnestness with which he opposed the measure is said to have been the cause of his defeat in his first nomination to Congress.

In 1851, he received the nomination of his party for the position of Representative in Congress for his district. His opponent, the Democratic nominee, was Dr. Graham N. Fitch, who afterwards figured in the United States Senate during the Administration of Mr, Buchanan. Although the district was Demo- 2

LIFE OF SCHUYLER COLFAX.

cratic, Mr. Colfax ran his antagonist so hard, that the latter was elected by only 238 majority, in a poll of 18,474 votes. Few men could have made such a fig;ht in a hostile district.

It may be interesting to the reader, at this point, to glance at the successive majorities by which Mr. Colfax has been regularly returned to Congress, since his first and only defeat. The statement is taken from the New York Tribune

Colfax . .

. . 9,118

Fitch

. 9,356

Colfax . .

.. 9,989

Eddy

. 8,223

Colfax , .

. . 12,926

Stuart . . .

. 11,890

Colfax . .

. . 14.541

Walker . .

. 12,610

Colfax . .

. . 16,860

Cathcart .

. 13,458

Colfax . .

. . 14,775

Turpie . . ,

. . 14,546

Colfax . .

. . 16,658

Turpie. . .

, . 14,978

Colfax . .

. . 20,221

Turpie . . .

, .18,073

" Thus we see," says The Tribune, " that our Candidate for the Vice Presidency has proved as invincible in the arena of intellectual struggle for Liberty and Loyalty as our more illustrious candidate amid the stern alarums of War."

Previous to this defeat, Mr. Colfax had been offered the nomination as Senator from his district in the State Legislature, but had declined it for the reason that at that time his business claimed his every energy. There is no doubt that his personal popularity, which grew stronger every day, and which was founded on his sterling worth as a. man, and his merits as a politician, would have secured his election by a very large majority.

ELECTED TO CONGEESS. 19

In 1852, Mr. Colfax was chosen a delegate to the National Whig Convention, which met in Baltimore on the 16th of June, and was appointed by that bodyone of its secretaries. This convention nominated General Winfield Scott for the Presidency, and the campaign which followed was a very exciting one.

Mr. Colfax declined a nomination to Congress this year, and his district, which the Democrats had carried against him by only 238 majority, was now lost to the Whigs by over one thousand majority. He entered into the Presidential canvass with great energy, speaking frequently in behalf of the Whig nominee, and using his pen with his accustomed vigor. Every effort was vain, however. The Whig Party had hesitated to take the high moral ground on the issues of the day upon which duty and patriotism required it to stand, and even the great soldier it had placed at its head, could not win it success.

In 1854, Mr. Colfax was again nominated to Congress by his party, and this time was elected by 1766 majority, over Mr. Eddy, his Democratic competitor. The member from the St. Joseph district had been sent to Congress as a Free Soil Democrat, and it was understood by the people of his district that he was to represent fairly t)ieir sentiments upon the question of Slavery in the Territories, They, in common with the entire North and West, had resolved to put a stop to the era of concessions to Slavery, and while they were not desirous of interfering with any of the rights of the South, or of destroying Slavery where it then existed, they were determined that not one foot

20 UFE OF SCHUYLEE COLFAX.

more of our fair land should be polluted with the foul stain. A mighty, although a quiet revolution had swept over the Northern mind, and the resolve that Slavery should be confined to its then existing limits, grew stronger every day. By the terms of the Missouri Compromise, Slavery was prohibited forever, north of the line of 36 degrees, 30 minutes, north latitude, and protected south of that line. The Bill for the organization of the Territories of Kansas and Nebraska, reported by Senator Douglass from Illinois, repealed the Missouri Compromise, and thus opened again a question which it was thought had been forever settled by that instrument. This repeal was believed by the North to be a breach of faith, and it met with the sternest condemnation of that section. The member from the St. Joseph district had been one of those who had , voted for it, and his constituents resolved that he should not return to Congress as their Representative. Accordingly, Mr. Colfax was nominated and elected in the fall of 1854.

Chapter II

Meeting of the 34tli Congress — ^Political complexion of that body — Contest for the Speakership^ — Mr. Colfax's Eeply to Mr. Stewart — A Happy Hit — Euse to elect a Pro-slavery Speaker detected and foiled by Mr. Colfax — A plain Statement — Interesting Debate — The Game Blocked — Renewal and final Failure of the Pro-slavery Ruse — Sharp ' Practice in the House — Boldness of Mr. Colfax — A Fearless Ohampiou of the Eight — Generous Defence of Mr. Banks — ^Election of Speaker — Bill for a Harbor of Refuge at Michigan City — Efforts of the Democrats to defeat the Measure — Its final Passage.

The first Session of the 34tli Congress met iu Washington on the 3d of December, 1855, and in this body Mr. Colfax took his seat as Representative from the Ninth Congressional District of Indiana. After the organization of the House, he was appointed by the Speaker a member of the Standing Committee on Elections.

There was in the Lower House of this Congress a decided majority against the Administration of Mr. Pierce, but the elements comprising this opposition were so inharmonious and discordant, that they were in no condition to accomplish any thing of consequence. The Anti-Nebraska men numbered, all told, about 108 members, the Democrats, who supported the Administration, about 75, and the "Americans," or Know Nothings, about 40. The Know Nothings, as will be seen from this estimate, held the balance of power in the .contest for Speaker, with which the proceedings of

22 LIFE OF SCHUTLEE COLPAX.

the House opened. Both parties, Republican and Democratic, were anxious to secure the Speakership, inasmuch as the Speaker has the right to appoint all the Committees of the House, according to his pleas* ure, and by making these Committees to consist of proSlaverj or antiSlaYery membei-s, can to a great degree influence the legislation of the House. It was well known, for all the past had proved it, that if a pro-Slavery Speaker should be elected, the Committees would be formed entirely in the interest of the South, and that the voice of the Free States would be to a great degree, if not entirely silenced, by the refusal of the Committees thus organized to report any measure favorable to the Free Soil element. Thus the contest for the Speakership assumed a grave and most exciting character. The Republicans were , determined to spare no effort to elect their candidate, and the Democrats were equally resolved. The Know Nothings, although they presented a candidate of their own, really balanced between the two great wings of the House, courted and dreaded by each.

The contest began on the 3d of December, 1865, by the nomination of the Hon. William A. Richardson, of Illinois, as the Democratic Candidate. Hon. N. P. Banks of Massachusetts, was nominated as the Anti-Nebraska Candidate, and besides these two, there were nominated Hons. Humphrey Marshall of Kentucky, Henry M. Fuller of Pennsylvania, Lewis D. Campbell, of Ohio, and Alexander C. M. Pennington, of New Jersey. When the vote was counted, it was found that Mr. Richardson had received 74 votes out