The great republic; a descriptive, statistical and historical view of the states and territories of the American Union

Front matter

TJI E

GREAT REPUBLIC

A DESCRIPTIVE, STATISTICAL AND HISTORICAL VIEW OF THE STATES AND TERRITORIES

Preface

THAT which is most worthy of a man's study and observation is his own country, yet but few of the great mass of Americans are well informed as to the land of their birth. There is a vague idea in the minds of all that the Union is a "great country" with regard to size as well as in other respects, but they have but a faint conception of the immenseness of the Republic. A few years ago, an English traveller, who had been impressed with the magnificent extent of our country by the fatigues of a stage coach journey across the Plains, wrote as follows concerning it, and his statement seemed to take even our own people by surprise. He said :

" Yes, the Republic is a big country. In England we have no lines of sufficient length, no areas of sufficient width, to convey a just idea of its size. The State of Oregon is bigger than England ; California is about the size of Spain ; Texas would be lafger than France, if France had won the frontier of the Germau Rhine. If the United States were parted into equal lots, they would make fifty-two kingdoms as large as England, fourteen empires as large as France. Even the grander figure of Europe fails us when we come to measure in its lines such amplitudes as those of the United States. To wit : from Eastport to Brownsville is farther than from London to Tuat, in the Great Sahara; from Washington to Astoria is farther than from Brussels to Kars ; from New York to San Francisco is farther than from Paris to Bagdad. Such measures seem to carry us away from the sphere of fact into the

realms of magic and romance.

4 PREFACE.

"Again, take the length of rivers as a measurement of size. A steamboat can go ninety miles up the Thames, two hundred miles up the Seine ; five hundred and fifty miles up the Rhine. In America, the Thames would be a creek, the Seine a brook, the Rhine a local stream, soon lost in a mightier flood. The Mississippi is five times longer than the Rhine; the Missouri is three times longer than the Danube; the Columbia is four times longer than the Scheldt. From the sea to Fort Snelling, the Missouri is plowed by steamers a distance of two thousand one hundred and thirty-one miles ; yet she is but the second river in the United States.

"Glancing at a map of America, we see to the north a group of lakes. Now our English notion of a lake is likely to have been derived from Coniston, Killarney, Lomond, Leman, and Garda. But these sheets of water give us no true hint of what Huron and Superior are like, scarcely indeed of what Erie and Ontario are like. Coniston, Killarney, Lomond, Leman, and Garda, put together would not cover a tenth part of the surface occupied by the smallest of the five American lakes. All the waters lying in Swiss, Italian, English, Irish, Scotch, and German lakes might be poured into Michigan without making a perceptible addition to its flood. Yorkshire might be sunk out of sight in Erie ; Ontario drowns as much land as would make two duchies equal in area to Schleswig and Holstein. Denmark proper could be washed by the waves of Huron. Many of the minor lakes in America would be counted as inland seas elsewhere; to-wit : Salt Lake, in Utah, has a surface of two thousand square miles; while that of Geneva has only three hundred and thirty ; that of Como only ninety ; that of Killarney only eight. A kingdom like Saxony, a principality like Parma, a duchy like Coburg, if thrown in one heap into Lake Superior, might add an island to its beauty, but would be no more conspicuous in its vast expanse than one of those pretty green islets which adorn Loch Lomond.

"Mountain masses are not considered by some as the strongest parts of American scenery; yet you find masses in this country which defyall measurement by such puny chains as the Pyrenees, the Apennines, and the Savoy Alps. The Alleghanies, ranging in height between

PREFACE. 5

Helvellyn and Pilatus, run through a district equal in extent to the country lying between Ostend and Jaroslaw. The Wahsatch chain, though the name is hardly known in Europe, has a larger bulk and grandeur than the Julian Alps. The Sierra Madre, commonly called the Rocky Mountains, ranging in stature from a little below Snowdon to a trifle above Mont Blanc, extend from Mexico, through the Republic, into British America, a distance almost equal to that dividing London from Delhi."

Such are the territorial dimensions of our country, as measured by a foreigner, and that they are in no way exaggerated will be found by all who study the subject. But the greatness and interest of the Republic do not consist in its vast size. We have within our limits nearly every variety of climate known to man, and a soil capable of producing almost every product of the earth, from the stunted herbage of the frozen regions to the luxuriant fruits of the tropics. The ground is rich in mineral deposits, from the useful, but homely veins of coal, to beds of the most brilliant and valuable jewels. The earth yields us not only our food, but the rarest medicines and drugs. It pours out in streams oil for burning, gas that may be used fresh from the natural springs, salt that requires but the heat of the sun for its perfection, and beds of pure soda that cover the earth like the dust in the highways. In short, all that is needed for the preservation and comfort of animal and human life exists in this favored land in the greatest profusion.

So much has the Creator done for us. Man has not been slow to take advantage of these blessings. In the comparatively short space of three hundred years the American people have become a mighty nation, increasing with a rapidity that is almost marvellous. They have built up the country on a scale of magnificence of which they may justly be proud. They have covered it with splendid cities, connected by a network of railways binding all the scattered parts into one solid whole. They have made a commerce and a system of manufactures before which the fabled wealth of Tyre sinks into insignificance. They have built up a literature which commands the respect of the world. They have illustrated their history with deeds

6 PREFACE.

of arms not less splendid than their more peaceful achievements, and have given to the world names in every walk of life that will never die.

All this have they done, and yet the mass of them are ignorant, or but imperfectly informed, of the magnitude and value of their achievements.

It is the object of this work to present to them at a glance the actual condition of the Republic at the present day. The Author is well aware that such a tremendous undertaking can be but imperfectly accomplished in a volume of this size ; yet he ventures to express the hope that he has made the statement herein presented sufficiently complete and comprehensive to be of service to the reader.

The tables and other statistics in the body of the work are mainly from the latest State reports available. The Author would here express his obligations to General Francis A. Walker, the accomplished superintendent of the census of 1870, for assistance received from him in the collection of statistics.

For more detailed information than is presented within these pages, the reader is referred to " Lippincott's Gazetteer," and the " New American Cyclopaedia," to which works the Author is indebted for valuable assistance.

It is hoped that the Illustrations will aid in bringing to the mind of the reader a vivid picture of the busy, restless, energetic Republic of the West, and also to render him more familiar with some of the charms of American scenery.

J. D. McC, Jr.

November 2bth, 1871.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

KO. PAG a

1. Indians Viewing the Pacific Railroad Frontispiece.

2. Rapids of the St. Lawrence 51

3. A View on the Alleghany Mountains 59

4. A View on the Rocky Mountains 61

5. An American Canon in the Rocky Mountains

6. A Western Homestead 76

7. View on the Hudson River, showing the Steamboat, Telegraph, and Railroad S3

8. An Indian Village in Winter 103

9. Ruins of Jamestown, Va 107

10. Plymouth Rock 109

11. First Settlement of New York City Ill

12. First Settlers Clearing Land 113

13. Indians Burning a Prisoner

14. Burning of Deerfield, Mass 117

15. Ruins of Ticonderoga 128

16. Independence Hall in 1776 131

17. Scene of the Battle of Lake Champlain 146

18. Plain of Chalmette : Scene of the Battle of New Orleans 148

19. An American Forest.... 165

20. Lumbering in Maine 169

21. Lumberman's Comp 172

22. City Hall, at Portland, Maine 184

23. Scene on the White Mountains 191

24. State House, Concord, N. H v 200

25. A View of Montpelier, Vt 213

26. A View of Rutland, Vt 216

27. Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass 229

28. A View of Boston 237

29. State House, at Boston 239

30. Fancuil Hall, at Boston 240

31. Bunker Hill Monument, at Boston 248

32. Pacific Mills, Lawrence, Mass 257

33. A View from Greenfield, Mass 258

34. Coast Fishing 280

35. Narragansett Bay, R. 1 282

37. View from Mount Holyoke, Conn 293

38. Yale College, New Haven, Conn 300

39. New Haven 306

40. A View of New York City 323

41. A Scene in the Catskill Mountains 324

8 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

NO. PAGE.

42. A View on the Hudson River 329

43. Scene on Lake George 330

44. The Falls of Niagara 333

45. New York City in 1664 349

46. A View of Albany, N. Y 353

47. Scene on Broadway, New York City 358

48. Scene on Fifth Avenue, New York City 360

49. A View in Central Park, New York City 361

50. The Water Terrace in Central Park, New York City 362

51. City Hall, New York City 366

52. Building of the Young Men's Christian Association, New York City 36S

53. High Bridge, at Harlem 371

54. Union Square and Washington Monument, New York City 373

55. United States Navy Yard. Brooklyn, L. 1 377

56. View from West Point 380

57. Falls of Genesee, N. Y 383

58. Oswego, N. Y 388

59. Gathering Watermelons in New Jersey 407

60. Princeton College, N. J 409

61. Falls of Passaic, Paterson, N. J 418

62. A Scene at Cape May, N. J 420

63. View on the Juniata River, Pa 431

64. The Schuylkill, above Philadelphia 432

65. Mount Pisgah and the Coal Regions 433

66. Deep Cut on the Pennsylvania Railroad 441

67. The Susquehanna, above Harrisburg 443

68. A View of Philadelphia from Camden 444

69. Philadelphia from Fairmount 445

70. The Wissahickon, at Chestnut Hill 446

71. Philadelphia Small Homes 447

72. The Ledger Building, Philadelphia 448

73. Fairmount, Philadelphia 449

74. The Wissahickon, Philadelphia 450

75. The Union League Building, Philadelphia 451

76. The New Masonic Temple, Philadelphia 452

77. Hemlock Glen, Fairmount Park, Philadelphia 453

78. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 454

79. Wissahickon New Drive, Philadelphia 455

80. The Schuylkill, at the Falls, Philadelphia 456

81. Chestnut Street Bridge, Philadelphia 457

82. A Public Fountain, Philadelphia 458

83. Independence Hall in 1871, Philadelphia 459

84. A View of Pittsburg, Pa 461

85. A View of Scranton, Pa 472

86. A View of Easton, Pa 475

87. Delaware Peach Farm 498

8S. Maryland Oyster Fishery 505

89. A View of Baltimore 518

90. Battle Monument, at Baltimore 519

91. Scene on Baltimore Street 522

92. Scene on Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 525

93. The Capitol at Washington 529

94. Columbia Deaf and Dumb Institution 531

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 9

NO. PAOB.

95. New Building of the Young Men's Christian Association, Washington 536

96. United States Treasury Building, Washington 546

97. United States Patent Office, Washington 549

98. Natural Tunnel, Virginia 561

99. Little Stony Falls, Va 565

100. A View of Richmond, Va 576

101. Mount Vernon 582

102. North Carolina Sea Coast 598

103. Capitol at Raleigh, N. C _ 607

104. Scene near Beaufort, S. C 613

105. Rice Fields 616

106. Charleston, S. C 625

107. Falls of the Towalaga, Georgia 633

108. Savannah, Georgia 642

109. St. John's River, Florida 651

lit). St. Augustine, Florida 662

111. A BlufiF on the Alabama River 666

112. Capitol at Montgomery 677.

113. The Landing at Mobile G7'S

114. On the Shores of the Yazoo 682

115. Picking Cotton 684

116. Jackson, Miss 692

117. Natchez, Miss 693

IIS. A View of Vicksburg, Miss 694

119. A View of New Orleans 698

120. Gathering Sugar Cane 703

121. A Sugar House 706

122. Scene on St. Charles Street, New Orleans '. 716

123. Jackson Square, New Orleans 7ig

124. Lafayette Square, New Orleans 722

125. On the Gulf. 732

126. Galveston, Texas 743

127. The Alamo, San Antonio 75O

128. Harper's Ferry, West Virginia 753

129. Wheeling, West Virginia 766

130. Nashville, Tenn 786

131. Memphis, Tenn 753

132. Mammoth Cave, Kentucky 797

133. Frankfort, Kentucky 305

134. Louisville, Kentucky 806

135. State Capitol, Columbus, Ohio 825

136. A View of Cincinnati, Ohio 326

137. Scene on Fourth Street. Cincinnati, Ohio 828

13S. The Tyler Davidson Fountain, Cincinnati, Ohio 829

139. Scene on Superior Street, Cleveland, Ohio 833

140. Court House at Dayton, Ohio S35

141. State House at Indianapolis, Ind 848

142. Evansville, Ind 850

143. New Albany, Ind 851

144. Lafayette, Ind 853

145. State House at Springfield, 111 869

146. A View of Chicago 870

147. Tribune Building, Chicago 873

10 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

NO. PAGE.

148. Scene on Lake Street, Chicago 876

149. Quincy, Illinois 883

150. Alton, Illinois 888

151. Chicago in Flames 890

152. A Western River 899

153. Woodward Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 909

154. A Copper Mine in Wisconsin 920

155. Madison, Wisconsin 927

156. Scene in Milwaukee 929

157. Falls of St. Anthony, Minn 935

158. St. Paul, Minn 943

159. A Halt on the Prairies 945

160. Davenport, Iowa 954

161. Dubuque, Iowa 955

162. Burlington, Iowa 956

163. Floating Island on the Missouri River 964

164. A View of St. Louis 970

165. Court House, at St. Louis 972

166. St. Joseph, Mo 977

167. Little Rock, Ark 9S7

168. Helena, Ark 9S8

169. Indians Attacking United States .Mail Coach

170. Leavenworth City, Kansas 999

171. Omaha Station, Nebraska 1001

172. Crossing the Plains 1002

173. Omaha City, Nebraska 1007

174. The Palisades, Humboldt River, Nevada 1009

175. Silver Mining, Nevada 1011

176. Original Big Tree, California 1018

177. Hydraulic Mining 1024

178. San Francisco, California 1034

179. Cape Horn 1045

ISO. An Oregon Valley 1056

181. Mount St. Elias, Alaska 1068

182. Sitka, Alaska 1070

183. Scene in the Aztec Mountains 1072

184. Buffalo Hunting 1076

185. A Canon in Colorado 1079

186. Plowing on the Western Prairies 1081

187. A Canon on the Rocky Mountains 1087

188. Indians Hunting Bison 1090

189. A Frontier City 1095

190. Santa Fc, New Mexico 1099

191. The Tabernacle, Salt Lake City 1104

192. Main Street, Salt Lake City 1106

193. A Street in Olympin, Washington Territory 1114

191. Prairie Dog City, Wyoming 1117

3 j 15 \ Coats of Arras of the United States, and of each State and Territory. See Table 2*° j of Contents for Folios.

Part I. The United States Of America

Description of the American Continent — Its grand divisions — North America — Dimensions and Divisions — The United States of North America — Description of the Great Republic — Its dimensions and political divisions — Its population, showing the increase since 1790 — The rivers of the United States — Description of the great water system of the Republic — The Mississippi — Its wonderful history — Its wealth and peculiarities — The Missouri River — How the Mississippi Valley is drained — The other tributaries of the "Father of Waters " — The Great Lakes of the North — Explanation of the mountain system of the United States — The wonders of the Rocky. Mountains — Soil of the United States — Statement of the various cpialities of soil existing in the Republic, and of their capacity for adding to the national wealth— Description of the climate of the United States, showing the peculiar features of each section of the country — Relative healthfulness of the various States, showing which is the healthiest — Description of the mineral wealth of the Republic, showing where the different minerals are found and in what quantities — The undeveloped riches of the country — Products of the soil — The animals of the United States — A brief sketch of the American natural history — Characteristics of the population — The distinguishing marks of the inhabitants of the various States — Table, showing the ar-rivals and destination of emigrants since 1820 — What emigration has done for the Union — The agricultural resources of the United States — List of the agricultural products, showing where each is grown, and the portion of the country to which it is best adapted — Facts for producers and consumers — The manufacturing interests — Rapid growth and great extent of this portion of our wealth — The commerce of the United States — Its vast proportions — Our internal improvements—History of the rise and growth of the canal, railroad, steamboat, and telegraph in this country — Our educational system — Explanation of the American system of free schools — The Press — Its importance and power — Number of newspapers and periodicals published — The postal system of the Republic — Religious denominations, showing the strength of each religious sect in the United States — Population of the leading cities of the Union — Explanation of the Government of the United States — A concise view of the Federal Constitution — The Executive, Legislative, and Judiciary, and their duties — Relations of the States to the General Government — -Powers and limitations of the General Government — The Army and Navy of the Republic — Their strength — Financial condition of the United States in 1870 — History of the United States — General view of the Indians of North America — Who they were — Discovery of America by Columbus — Other discoveries — Expedition of Pe Soto — Efforts of the French and Spaniards to settle the South — England alarmed — Raleigh's colony on Roanoakc Island — The

settlement at Jamestown- — Voyages of Captain John Smith — First Legislative Assembly in America — Introduction of African Slavery into Virginia — The Plymouth Colony — Landing of the Pilgrims — Internal organization of the Colony, and its progress — Foundation of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay — Consolidation of the Massachusetts settlements — Settlement of Maine, Connecticut, and Rhode Island — Discovery of the Hudson River — The Dutch settle New York — History of the Colony — It is captured by the English — Settlement of New Jersey and Delaware — Settlement of Pennsylvania and Maryland — The Carolinas and Georgia colonized by the English — Prosperity of the Colonies ■ — Different characteristics — Establishment of common schools and colleges — Troubles with the Indians — Aggressions of the French — Their success in the Mississippi Valley — They aid the Indians in their attacks upon the English — King William's, Queen Anne's, and King George's wars — Capture of Louisbourg — Trouble with the French on the Ohio — ■ Washington's journey — Military operations west of the Mountains — Braddock's defeat — " The Old French War " in the other Colonies — Failures of the English — A change of ministry — William Pitt — Capture of Louisburg and Fort Duquesne — Death of Lord Howe — Capture of Quebec- — Expulsion of the French from Canada — The conspiracy of Pontiac — Services of the Colonists during the wars with the French — Injustice of Great Britain towards the Colonies- — Resistance of the Americans — The unjust taxes — Further aggressions — The call for a Continental Congress — Meeting and acts of the first Congress— Suicidal policy of the British Government — The " Boston Massacre " — The tax on tea — Destruction of tea in Boston harbor — Closing of the Port of Boston — The Colonies make common cause with Massachusetts — The second Colonial Congress — Its acts — The petition for redress — Stubbornness, of the King — General Gage brings matters to a crisis — The conflicts at Lexington and Concord — The beginning of the Revolution — The Mecklenburg declaration of Independence — Meeting of the Continental Congress — Measures of resistance — Washington appointed to the command of the American Army — Battle, of Bunker Hill — Organization of the American Army — Siege of Boston — The invasion of Canada — The British fleet repulsed at Charleston — Vigorous measures of Congress — The

Declaration of Independence — Battle of Long Island— The British occupy New York City — Gloomy state of affairs for the Colonies — Battle of Trenton — A gleam of hope — Defeat of the British at Princeton — The "Articles of Confederation" adopted — Events of the Campaign of 1777 —Capture of Philadelphia — Battles of Germantown and Bennington — Surrender of Burgoyne's army — The treaty with France — Great Britain's efforts at conciliation — Too late — The winter at the Valley Forge — Arrival of the French fleet — Battle of Monmouth — Capture of Savannah by the British — Naval affairs — The British take Charleston, S. C. — Partisan war in the South — Gates defeated at Camden — Battle of King's Mountain — Greene sent to the Carolinas — Treason of Arnold — Battles of the Cowpens and Guilford Court H ouse — Washington goes after Cornwall's— Siege of Yorktown — Surrender of Cornwallis — The close of the W ar — Condition of the country — Organization of the Republic of the United States — Adoption of the Federal Constitution — Washington's two Administrations — Admission of new States — Washington retires to private life — Administration of John Adams — War with France — The Administrations of Jefferson — Political disputes — Pnrchas'e of Louisiana — The affair of the Chesapeake and the Leopards— British and French outrages upon American commerce — The Embargo — James Madison elected President — The second war with England— Its events by land and sea — The battle of New Orleans — The peace of 1815 — The Barbary States chastised — The Hartford Convention — Reelection of Mr.

Madison — The Bank of the United States — Admission of Louisiana and Indiana — Mr. Monroe elected President — Admission of Mississippi, Illinois, Alabama, Maine, and Missouri into the Union — The slavery excitement — The " Missouri Compromise " — The " Monroe Doctrine " — John Quincy Adams elected President — The Tariff question — Administration of Andrew Jackson — The National Bank question — the Nullification troubles — Firmness of the President — His opposition to the National Bank— He removes the public funds — The National Debt paid — Admission of Arkansas and Michigan — Election of President Van Buren — The commercial crisis of 1837 — Election of President Harrison — Death of General Harrison — John Tyler becomes President — His Administration — Admission of Texas — James K. Polk elected President— The war with Mexico— Results of the war — Settlement of the Oregon question — Admission of Wisconsin — General Taylor elected President — The " Wilmot Proviso "— Discovery of gold in California — Admission of California into the Union — Political strife — The " Compromise of 18f>0 " — Death of General Taylor — Mr. Filmore's Administration — The Japan expedition — Election of President Pierce — The Kansas-Nebraska controversy — The Republican party — The anti-slavery agitation increases — Efforts to purchase Cuba — Filibustering expeditions — The Know-Nothing party — Election of President Buchanan — Admission of Minnesota — The Kansas war — The Mormon troubles — The John Brown affair — The Presidential contest of 1860 — Threatening condition of public affairs — Election of President Lincoln — Secession of the Southern States —The Civil War ' Pages 29 to 162

Part II. The New England States

MAINE.

Area in square miles — Population in 1870 — Position upon the globe — Description of the topography of the State — Its bays, islands, rivers, mountains, and lakes — The woods of Maine — Their beauty and resources — Description of the lumber region — The minerals of Maine — Agricultural resources of the State — Its commerce and manufactures — Internal improvements—The railroads of Maine — The Common School system — Explanation of its features — Statement of the schools and colleges of the State — Its newspapers and libraries — The penal and charitable institutions — Religious denominations — Financial condition of the State — Explanation of the State Constitution and Government — History of Maine — The visit of Gosnold — First settlement of Maine — Its earlyhistory — Period of the Revolution — Admission into the Union as a State — Inroads of the Rebels — Statement of troops furnished to the United States Army during the Civil War — The chief cities and towns — Description of Augusta — Portland — Bangor — The story of Arnold's march to Quebec Pages 163 to 188

NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Area — Population in 1870 — Position upon the globe — Description of the topography of the State — The White Mountains and their beauties — The lakes and rivers of the State — The Isle of Shoals — The agricultural products — Description of the soil of the State — Commerce and manufactures — Internal improvements — The educational system — Description of the penal and charitable institutions and their present condition — Religious denominations — The State Government — Explanation of its various features — History of New Hampshire — First settlements at Dover and Portsmouth — Trouble with the Indians — The Revolution — Enters the Union — Troops famished during the Civil War — Description of Concord, Manchester, Portsmouth, and Dover — Story of the burning of Dover by the Indians Pages 189 to 204

VERMONT.

Area — Population in 1870 — Position upon the globe — Physical features of Vermont — The Green Mountains — Lake Champlain — Mineral wealth — Climate — Description of the soil — Agricultural products in detail — Commerce and manufactures — Internal improvements — The Free School system — The charitable and penal institutions — Religious denominations — Financial condition of the State — Its government and internal system — History of Vermont- — First settlement— Troubles with New York — The Revolution — Capture of Ticonderoga — Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain boys — Vermont refuses the British otters — Admission into the Union — War of 1812-15 — The St. Albans affair — Troops furnished during the Civil War — Description of the principal cities — Montpelier — Burlington — Rutland — Bennington — The battle of Bennington — The taking of Tjconderoga Pages 205 to 221

MASSACHUSETTS.

Area — Population in 1870 — Position upon the globe — Description of the topographical features of the State — Its islands, bays, rivers, mountains and lakes — Beauty of the scenery of Massachusetts— Its mineral wealth — Climate — Description of the soil — Its agricultural wealth — Commerce — The vast manufacturing system of the State — Its internal improvements—The Free Schools of Massachusetts — A noble system of public education — Harvard University- — Penal and charitable institutions — Religious denominations — Financial condition of the State — Explanation of the State Government — History of Massachusetts — Discovery — Gosnold's Colony — Landing of the Pilgrims — Growth of the Plymouth Colony — Settlement of Massachusetts Bay — Troubles with the Indians — Internal troubles — Accession of William and Mary — Consolidation of the Colonies — The Salem Witchcraft — Wars with the French and Indians — Resistance to the injustice of Great Britain — The Revolution — Massachusetts enters the Union — Shays's Rebellion — War of 1812-15 — Troops furnished during the Civil War — Description of Boston — An inside view of the Metropolis of New England — Its public institutions — Its characteristics, sights, habits etc. — History of the city of Boston from its settlement to the present day — Roxbury and Dorchester — Story of the Boston Massacre- — Destruction of tea in Boston harbor — Charlestown — Bunker Hill Monument — Battle of Bunker Hill — Cambridge — Harvard University — Lowell— An inside view of the factories of Lowell ■ — Factory life — Lynn — The shoe trade — Lawrence — Its factories — Worcester — Springfield — The United States Armory — Taunton — Salem — Plymouth— Miscellanies — Arrival of the Pilgrims at Cape Cod — The first Sabbath in New England — The first crimes in New England — Story of the Salem Witchcraft— A wonderful relation — Primitive extravagance — A fearful snow storm — The Men of "Seventy-Six" Pages 222 to 273

RHODE ISLAND.

Area — Population in 1870 — Position upon the globe — Topographical sketch of the State — Minerals — Climate — Soil and agricultural products — Commerce — Importance of Rhode Island as a manufacturing State — Internal improvements — Educational system — Penal and charitable institutions — Religious denominations — Financial condition — Explanation of the State Government — History of Rhode Island — Settlement by Roger Williams— Early years of the Colony — Death of King Philip — Colonial history — The Revolution — Troops furnished during the Civil War — Description of Providence — Newport — The most fashionable watering place in America — Early history of Newport— Seizure of General Prescott — Destruction of the Gaspec Pages 274 to 291