The 2001 CIA World Factbook (part 15 of 17)
Sao Tome and Principe: Army, Navy, Security Police
Saudi Arabia: Land Force (Army), Navy, Air Force, Air Defense Force, National Guard, Ministry of Interior Forces (paramilitary)
Senegal: Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, National Police (Surete Nationale)
Seychelles: Army, Coast Guard, air wing, National Guard, Presidential Protection Unit, Police Force
Sierra Leone: Army
Singapore: Army, Navy, Air Force, People's Defense Force, Police Force
Slovakia: Ground Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Territorial Defense Forces, Civil Defense Force
Slovenia: Slovenian Army (includes Air and Naval Forces)
Solomon Islands: no regular military forces; Solomon Islands National Reconnaissance and Surveillance Force; Royal Solomon Islands Police (RSIP)
Somalia: A Somali National Army is being reformed under the interim government; numerous factions and clans maintain independent militias, and the Somaliland and Puntland regional governments maintain their own security and police forces
South Africa: South African National Defense Force or SANDF (includes Army, Navy, Air Force, and Medical Services), South African Police Service or SAPS
Spain: Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, Civil Guard, National Police, Coastal Civil Guard
Sri Lanka: Army, Navy, Air Force, Police Force
Sudan: Army, Navy, Air Force, Popular Defense Force Militia
Suriname: National Army (includes small Navy and Air Force elements), Civil Police
Swaziland: Umbutfo Swaziland Defense Force (Army), Royal Swaziland Police Force
Sweden: Swedish Army, Royal Swedish Navy, Swedish Air Force
Switzerland: Army, Air Force, Frontier Guards, Fortification Guards
Syria: Syrian Arab Army, Syrian Arab Navy, Syrian Arab Air Force, Syrian Arab Air Defense Forces, Police and Security Force
Tajikistan: Army, Air Force, Air Defense Forces, Presidential National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border troops)
Tanzania: Tanzanian People's Defense Force or TPDF (includes Army, Navy, and Air Force), paramilitary Police Field Force Unit, Militia
Thailand: Royal Thai Army, Royal Thai Navy (includes Royal Thai Marine Corps), Royal Thai Air Force, Paramilitary Forces
Togo: Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie
Tonga: Tonga Defense Services (includes Royal Tongan Marines, Tongan Royal Guards, Maritime Force, Police); note - a new Air Wing which will be subordinate to the Defense Ministry is being developed
Trinidad and Tobago: Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force (includes Ground Forces, Coast Guard, and Air Wing), Trinidad and Tobago Police Service
Tunisia: Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary forces, National Guard
Turkey: Land Force, Navy (includes Naval Air and Naval Infantry), Air Force, Coast Guard, Gendarmerie
Turkmenistan: Ministry of Defense (Army, Air and Air Defense, Navy, Border Troops, and Internal Troops), National Guard
Tuvalu: no regular military forces; Police Force includes Maritime Surveillance Unit for search and rescue missions and surveillance operations
Uganda: Army, Air Wing, Marine Unit
Ukraine: Army, Navy, Air Force, Air Defense Force, Internal Troops, Border Troops
United Arab Emirates: Army, Navy, Air Force, Air Defense, paramilitary (includes Federal Police Force)
United Kingdom: Army, Royal Navy (includes Royal Marines), Royal Air Force
United States: Department of the Army, Department of the Navy (includes Marine Corps), Department of the Air Force
note: the Coast Guard is normally subordinate to the Department of Transportation, but in wartime reports to the Department of the Navy
Uruguay: Army, Navy (includes Naval Air Arm, Coast Guard, Marines), Air Force, Police (Coracero Guard, Grenadier Guard)
Uzbekistan: Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, Security Forces (internal and border troops), National Guard
Vanuatu: no regular military forces; Vanuatu Police Force (VPF; includes the paramilitary Vanuatu Mobile Force or VMF)
Venezuela: National Armed Forces (Fuerzas Armadas Nacionales or FAN) includes Ground Forces or Army (Fuerzas Terrestres or Ejercito), Naval Forces (Fuerzas Navales or Armada), Air Force (Fuerzas Aereas or Aviacion), Armed Forces of Cooperation or National Guard (Fuerzas Armadas de Cooperacion or Guardia Nacional)
Vietnam: People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) (includes Ground Forces, Navy, and Air Force), Coast Guard
West Bank: NA
Western Sahara: NA
Yemen: Army, Navy, Coast Guard, Air Force, Air Defense Forces, Presidential Guards, paramilitary (includes Police)
Yugoslavia: Army (including ground forces with border troops, naval forces, air and air defense forces)
Zambia: Army, Air Force, National Service, police
Zimbabwe: Zimbabwe National Army, Air Force of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe Republic Police (includes Police Support Unit, Paramilitary Police)
Taiwan: Army, Navy (includes Marines), Air Force, Coastal Patrol and Defense Command, Armed Forces Reserve Command, Combined Service Forces
======================================================================
@Military expenditures - dollar figure
Afghanistan: $NA
Albania: $42 million (FY99)
Algeria: $1.87 billion (FY99)
Angola: $1.2 billion (FY97)
Antigua and Barbuda: $NA
Argentina: $4.3 billion (FY99)
Armenia: $75 million (FY99)
Australia: $6.9 billion (FY98/99)
Austria: $1.7 billion (FY98)
Azerbaijan: $121 million (FY99)
Bahamas, The: $20 million (FY95/96)
Bahrain: $318 million (FY99)
Bangladesh: $559 million (FY96/97)
Barbados: $NA
Belarus: $156 million (FY98)
Belgium: $2.5 billion (FY01)
Belize: $17 million (FY98/99)
Benin: $27 million (FY96)
Bermuda: $NA
Bhutan: $NA
Bolivia: $147 million (FY99)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: $NA
Botswana: $61 million (FY99)
Brazil: $13.408 billion (FY99)
Brunei: $343 million (FY98)
Bulgaria: $344 million (FY00)
Burkina Faso: $66 million (FY96)
Burma: $39 million (FY97/98)
Burundi: $57 million (FY97)
Cambodia: $112 million (FY01 est.)
Cameroon: $118.6 million (FY00/01)
Canada: $7.5 billion (FY00/01)
Cape Verde: $4 million (FY96)
Central African Republic: $29 million (FY96)
Chad: $39 million (FY96)
Chile: $2.5 billion (FY99)
China: $12.608 billion (FY99); note - China's real defense spending may be several times higher than the official figure because a number of significant items are funded elsewhere
Colombia: $3 billion (FY00)
Comoros: $NA
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: $250 million (FY97)
Congo, Republic of the: $110 million (FY93)
Costa Rica: $69 million (FY99)
Cote d'Ivoire: $94 million (FY96)
Croatia: $575 million (2000)
Cuba: $NA
Cyprus: $370 million (FY00)
Czech Republic: $1.2 billion (FY01)
Denmark: $2.47 billion (FY99)
Djibouti: $23 million (FY97)
Dominica: $NA
Dominican Republic: $180 million (FY98)
Ecuador: $720 million (FY98)
Egypt: $4.04 billion (FY99/00)
El Salvador: $112 million (FY99)
Equatorial Guinea: $3 million (FY97/98)
Eritrea: $160 million (2000 est.)
Estonia: $70 million (FY99)
Ethiopia: $138 million (FY98/99)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): $NA
Faroe Islands: $NA
Fiji: $24 million (FY98)
Finland: $1.8 billion (FY98)
France: $39.831 billion (FY97)
French Guiana: $NA
Gabon: $91 million (FY96)
Gambia, The: $2.6 million (2001 est.)
Gaza Strip: $NA
Georgia: $23 million (FY00)
Germany: $32.8 billion (FY98)
Ghana: $53 million (FY99)
Greece: $6.12 billion (FY99/00 est.)
Grenada: $NA
Guatemala: $120 million (FY99)
Guinea: $56 million (FY96)
Guinea-Bissau: $8 million (FY96)
Guyana: $7 million (FY94)
Haiti: $NA; note - mainly for police and security activities
Honduras: $35 million (FY99)
Hong Kong: $NA; note - separate budget for Hong Kong not established by China
Hungary: $822 million (FY00)
Iceland: $0
India: $13.02 billion (FY01)
Indonesia: $1 billion (FY98/99)
Iran: $5.787 billion (FY98/99)
Iraq: $NA
Ireland: $738 million (2001 est.)
Israel: $8.7 billion (FY99)
Italy: $20.7 billion (FY00/01)
Jamaica: $30 million (FY95/96 est.)
Japan: $43 billion (FY01)
Jordan: $608.9 million (FY98/99)
Kazakhstan: $322 million (FY99)
Kenya: $197 million (FY98/99)
Kiribati: $NA
Korea, North: $3.7 billion to $4.9 billion (FY98 est.)
Korea, South: $12 billion (2000)
Kuwait: $1.9 billion (FY00/01)
Kyrgyzstan: $12 million (FY99)
Laos: $55 million (FY98)
Latvia: $60 million (FY99)
Lebanon: $343 million (FY99/00)
Lesotho: $34 million (1999)
Liberia: $1 million (FY98)
Libya: $1.3 billion (FY99/00)
Lithuania: $181 million (FY99)
Luxembourg: $131 million (FY98/99)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: $76.3 million (FY00/01)
Madagascar: $29 million (FY94)
Malawi: $9.5 million (FY00/01)
Malaysia: $1.69 billion (FY00 est.)
Maldives: $NA
Mali: $49 million (FY96)
Malta: $201 million (FY98)
Marshall Islands: $NA
Mauritania: $41 million (FY97/98)
Mauritius: $11 million (FY97/98)
Mexico: $4 billion (FY99)
Moldova: $6 million (FY99)
Mongolia: $25.5 million (FY01)
Morocco: $1.4 billion (FY99/00)
Mozambique: $35.1 million (2000 est.)
Namibia: $104.4 million (2001)
Nauru: $NA
Nepal: $44 million (FY96/97)
Netherlands: $6.5 billion (FY00/01 est.)
New Caledonia: $192.3 million (1996)
New Zealand: $883 million (FY97/98)
Nicaragua: $26 million (FY98)
Niger: $20 million (FY96)
Nigeria: $360 million (FY00)
Norway: $3.113 billion (FY98)
Oman: $2.4 billion (FY00)
Pakistan: $2.435 billion (FY99/00)
Palau: $NA
Panama: $128 million (FY99)
Papua New Guinea: $42 million (FY98)
Paraguay: $125 million (FY98)
Peru: $1 billion (FY00)
Philippines: $995 million (FY98)
Poland: $3.17 billion (FY00)
Portugal: $2.458 billion (FY97)
Qatar: $723 million (FY00/01)
Romania: $720 million (FY00)
Russia: $NA
Rwanda: $58 million (FY01)
Saint Kitts and Nevis: $NA
Saint Lucia: $5 million (FY91/92)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: $NA
Samoa: $NA
San Marino: $700,000 (FY00)
Sao Tome and Principe: $1 million (FY94)
Saudi Arabia: $18.3 billion (FY00)
Senegal: $68 million (FY97)
Seychelles: $13 million (FY93)
Sierra Leone: $46 million (FY96/97)
Singapore: $5 billion (FY00/01 est.)
Slovakia: $380 million (FY00)
Slovenia: $370 million (FY00)
Solomon Islands: $NA
Somalia: $NA
South Africa: $2 billion (FY00/01)
Spain: $6 billion (FY97)
Sri Lanka: $719 million (FY98)
Sudan: $550 million (FY98)
Suriname: $8.5 million (FY97 est.)
Swaziland: $19.198 million (FY00/01)
Sweden: $5 billion (FY98)
Switzerland: $3.1 billion (FY98)
Syria: $921 million (FY00 est.); note - based on official budget data that may understate actual spending
Tajikistan: $17 million (FY97)
Tanzania: $21 million (FY98/99)
Thailand: $1.775 billion (FY00)
Togo: $27 million (FY96)
Tonga: $NA
Trinidad and Tobago: $83 million (FY94)
Tunisia: $356 million (FY99)
Turkey: $10.6 billion (FY99)
Turkmenistan: $90 million (FY99)
Tuvalu: $NA
Uganda: $95 million (FY98/99)
Ukraine: $500 million (FY99)
United Arab Emirates: $1.6 billion (FY00)
United Kingdom: $36.884 billion (FY97)
United States: $276.7 billion (FY99 est.)
Uruguay: $172 million (FY98)
Uzbekistan: $200 million (FY97)
Vanuatu: $NA
Venezuela: $934 million (FY99)
Vietnam: $650 million (FY98)
West Bank: $NA
Western Sahara: $NA
World: aggregate real expenditure on arms worldwide in 1999 remained at approximately the 1998 level, about three-quarters of a trillion dollars (1999 est.)
Yemen: $414 million (FY99)
Yugoslavia: $760 million (FY00)
Zambia: $76 million (FY97)
Zimbabwe: $127 million (FY99/00)
Taiwan: $8.042 billion (FY98/99)
======================================================================
@Military expenditures - percent of GDP
Afghanistan: NA%
Albania: 1.5% (FY99)
Algeria: 4.1% (FY99)
Angola: 22% (1999)
Antigua and Barbuda: NA%
Argentina: 1.3% (FY99)
Armenia: 4% (FY99)
Australia: 1.9% (FY98/99)
Austria: 1.2% (FY98)
Azerbaijan: 2.6% (FY99)
Bahamas, The: NA%
Bahrain: 5.2% (FY99)
Bangladesh: 1.8% (FY96/97)
Barbados: NA%
Belarus: 1.2% (FY98)
Belgium: 1.2% (FY99)
Belize: 2.4% (FY98/99)
Benin: 1.2% (FY96)
Bermuda: NA%
Bhutan: NA%
Bolivia: 1.8% (FY99)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: NA%
Botswana: 1.2% (FY99)
Brazil: 1.9% (FY99)
Brunei: 5.1% (FY98)
Bulgaria: 2.4% (FY00)
Burkina Faso: 2% (FY96)
Burma: 2.1% (FY97/98)
Burundi: 6.1% (FY97)
Cambodia: 3% (FY01 est.)
Cameroon: 1.4% (FY98/99)
Canada: 1.3% (FY00/01)
Cape Verde: 1.8% (FY96)
Central African Republic: 2.2% (FY96)
Chad: 3.5% (FY96)
Chile: 3.1% (FY99)
China: 1.2% (FY99)
Colombia: 3.4% (FY00)
Comoros: NA%
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: 4.6% (FY97)
Congo, Republic of the: 3.8% (FY93)
Costa Rica: 1.6% (FY99)
Cote d'Ivoire: 1% (FY96)
Croatia: 3.8% (2000)
Cuba: roughly 4% (FY95 est.)
Cyprus: 4.2% (FY00)
Czech Republic: 2.2% (FY01)
Denmark: 1.4% (FY99)
Djibouti: 4.5% (FY97)
Dominica: NA%
Dominican Republic: 1.1% (FY98)
Ecuador: 3.4% (FY98)
Egypt: 4.1% (FY99/00)
El Salvador: 0.7% (FY99)
Equatorial Guinea: 0.6% (FY97/98)
Eritrea: 29.4% (2000 est.)
Estonia: 1.2% (FY99)
Ethiopia: 2.5% (FY98/99)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): NA%
Faroe Islands: NA%
Fiji: 1.1% (FY98)
Finland: 2% (FY98)
France: 2.5% (FY97)
French Guiana: NA%
Gabon: 1.6% (FY96)
Gambia, The: 2% (FY96/97)
Gaza Strip: NA%
Georgia: 0.59% (FY00)
Germany: 1.5% (FY98)
Ghana: 0.7% (FY99)
Greece: 4.91% (FY99/00 est.)
Grenada: NA%
Guatemala: 0.6% (FY99)
Guinea: 1.4% (FY96)
Guinea-Bissau: 2.8% (FY96)
Guyana: 1.7% (FY94)
Haiti: NA%
Honduras: 0.6% (FY99)
Hong Kong: NA%
Hungary: 1.6% (FY00)
India: 2.5% (FY00)
Indonesia: 1.3% (FY98/99)
Iran: 2.9% (FY98/99)
Iraq: NA%
Ireland: 0.75% (2001 est.)
Israel: 9.4% (FY99)
Italy: 1.7% (FY00/01)
Jamaica: NA%
Japan: 0.96% (FY01)
Jordan: 7.8% (FY98/99)
Kazakhstan: 1.5% (FY99)
Kenya: 1.9% (FY98/99)
Kiribati: NA%
Korea, North: 25% to 33% (FY98 est.)
Korea, South: 3.2% (FY98/99)
Kuwait: 8.7% (FY00/01)
Kyrgyzstan: 1% (FY99)
Laos: 4.2% (FY96/97)
Latvia: 0.9% (FY99)
Lebanon: 4.8% (FY99/00)
Lesotho: NA%
Liberia: 2% (FY98)
Libya: 3.9% (FY99/00)
Lithuania: 1.66% (FY00)
Luxembourg: 1% (FY98/99)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: 2.17% (FY00/01)
Madagascar: 1% (FY94)
Malawi: 0.76% (FY00/01)
Malaysia: 2.03% (FY00)
Maldives: NA%
Mali: 2% (FY96)
Malta: 5.5% (FY98)
Marshall Islands: NA%
Mauritania: 2.7% (FY97/98)
Mauritius: 0.3% (FY97/98)
Mexico: 1% (FY99)
Moldova: 1% (FY99)
Mongolia: 2.3% (FY01)
Morocco: 4% (FY99/00)
Mozambique: 1% (2000 est.)
Namibia: 2.6% (FY97/98)
Nauru: NA%
Nepal: 0.9% (FY96/97)
Netherlands: 1.5% (FY00/01 est.)
New Caledonia: 5.3% (1996)
New Zealand: 1.1% (FY97/98)
Nicaragua: 1.2% (FY98)
Niger: 1.1% (FY96)
Nigeria: 10% (FY00)
Norway: 2.1% (FY98)
Oman: 13% (FY00)
Pakistan: 3.9% (FY99/00)
Palau: NA%
Panama: 1.3% (FY99)
Papua New Guinea: 1% (FY98)
Paraguay: 1.4% (FY98)
Peru: 1.9% (FY00)
Philippines: 1.5% (FY98)
Poland: 1.95% (FY00)
Portugal: 2.6% (FY97)
Qatar: 10% (FY00/01)
Romania: 2.2% (FY00)
Russia: NA%
Rwanda: 3.2% (FY01)
Saint Kitts and Nevis: NA%
Saint Lucia: 2% (FY91/92)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: NA%
Samoa: NA%
San Marino: NA%
Sao Tome and Principe: 1.5% (FY94)
Saudi Arabia: 13% (FY00)
Senegal: 1.4% (FY97)
Seychelles: 2.8% (FY93)
Sierra Leone: 2% (FY96/97)
Singapore: 4.5% (FY00/01 est.)
Slovakia: 1.71% (FY00)
Slovenia: 1.7% (FY00)
Solomon Islands: NA%
Somalia: NA%
South Africa: 1.5% (FY99/00)
Spain: 1.1% (FY97)
Sri Lanka: 4.2% (FY98)
Sudan: NA%
Suriname: 1.6% (FY97 est.)
Swaziland: 4.75% (FY00/01)
Sweden: 2.1% (FY98)
Switzerland: 1.2% (FY98)
Syria: 5.9% (FY98)
Tajikistan: 1.8% (FY97)
Tanzania: 0.2% (FY98/99)
Thailand: 1.4% (FY00)
Togo: 2% (FY96)
Tonga: NA%
Trinidad and Tobago: NA%
Tunisia: 1.5% (FY99)
Turkey: 5.6% (FY99)
Turkmenistan: 3.4% (FY99)
Tuvalu: NA%
Uganda: 1.9% (FY98/99)
Ukraine: 1.4% (FY99)
United Arab Emirates: 3.1% (FY00)
United Kingdom: 2.7% (FY97)
United States: 3.2% (FY99 est.)
Uruguay: 0.9% (FY98)
Uzbekistan: 2% (FY97)
Vanuatu: NA%
Venezuela: 0.9% (FY99)
Vietnam: 2.5% (FY98)
West Bank: NA%
Western Sahara: NA%
World: roughly 2% of gross world product (1999 est.)
Yemen: 7.6% (FY99)
Yugoslavia: NA%
Zambia: 1.8% (FY97)
Zimbabwe: 3.1% (FY99/00)
Taiwan: 2.8% (FY98/99)
======================================================================
@Military manpower - availability
Afghanistan: males age 15-49: 6,645,023 (2001 est.)
Albania: males age 15-49: 870,768 (2001 est.)
Algeria: males age 15-49: 8,794,622 (2001 est.)
Angola: males age 15-49: 2,480,016 (2001 est.)
Argentina: males age 15-49: 9,404,434 (2001 est.)
Armenia: males age 15-49: 905,154 (2001 est.)
Australia: males age 15-49: 4,990,107 (2001 est.)
Austria: males age 15-49: 2,091,263 (2001 est.)
Azerbaijan: males age 15-49: 2,102,780 (2001 est.)
Bahrain: males age 15-49: 222,141 (2001 est.)
Bangladesh: males age 15-49: 36,005,553 (2001 est.)
Barbados: males age 15-49: 78,069 (2001 est.)
Belarus: males age 15-49: 2,729,956 (2001 est.)
Belgium: males age 15-49: 2,517,596 (2001 est.)
Belize: males age 15-49: 62,698 (2001 est.)
Benin: males age 15-49: 1,455,433
females age 15-49: 1,489,947
note: both sexes are liable for military service (2001 est.)
Bhutan: males age 15-49: 504,342 (2001 est.)
Bolivia: males age 15-49: 2,005,660 (2001 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: males age 15-49: 1,127,146 (2001 est.)
Botswana: males age 15-49: 380,152 (2001 est.)
Brazil: males age 15-49: 48,298,486 (2001 est.)
Brunei: males age 15-49: 106,725 (2001 est.)
Bulgaria: males age 15-49: 1,891,498 (2001 est.)
Burkina Faso: males age 15-49: 2,592,974 (2001 est.)
Burma: males age 15-49: 12,050,964
females age 15-49: 12,070,017
note: both sexes liable for military service (2001 est.)
Burundi: males age 15-49: 1,394,273 (2001 est.)
Cambodia: males age 15-49: 2,877,137 (2001 est.)
Cameroon: males age 15-49: 3,762,369 (2001 est.)
Canada: males age 15-49: 8,325,084 (2001 est.)
Cape Verde: males age 15-49: 89,543 (2001 est.)
Central African Republic: males age 15-49: 824,139 (2001 est.)
Chad: males age 15-49: 1,814,578 (2001 est.)
Chile: males age 15-49: 4,057,466 (2001 est.)
China: males age 15-49: 366,306,353 (2001 est.)
Colombia: males age 15-49: 10,779,148 (2001 est.)
Comoros: males age 15-49: 141,120 (2001 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: males age 15-49: 11,615,554 (2001 est.)
Congo, Republic of the: males age 15-49: 684,922 (2001 est.)
Costa Rica: males age 15-49: 1,035,090 (2001 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire: males age 15-49: 3,851,432 (2001 est.)
Croatia: males age 15-49: 1,085,877 (2001 est.)
Cuba: males age 15-49: 3,090,633
females age 15-49: 3,029,274 (2001 est.)
Cyprus: males age 15-49: 198,275 (2001 est.)
Czech Republic: males age 15-49: 2,653,456 (2001 est.)
Denmark: males age 15-49: 1,292,619 (2001 est.)
Djibouti: males age 15-49: 108,038 (2001 est.)
Dominican Republic: males age 15-49: 2,281,035 (2001 est.)
Ecuador: males age 15-49: 3,382,567 (2001 est.)
Egypt: males age 15-49: 18,562,994 (2001 est.)
El Salvador: males age 15-49: 1,464,898 (2001 est.)
Equatorial Guinea: males age 15-49: 108,973 (2001 est.)
Estonia: males age 15-49: 359,677 (2001 est.)
Ethiopia: males age 15-49: 14,537,884 (2001 est.)
Fiji: males age 15-49: 227,599 (2001 est.)
Finland: males age 15-49: 1,251,700 (2001 est.)
France: males age 15-49: 14,573,199 (2001 est.)
French Guiana: males age 15-49: 49,495 (2001 est.)
Gabon: males age 15-49: 281,218 (2001 est.)
Gambia, The: males age 15-49: 316,873 (2001 est.)
Georgia: males age 15-49: 1,296,199 (2001 est.)
Germany: males age 15-49: 20,851,022 (2001 est.)
Ghana: males age 15-49: 4,890,483 (2001 est.)
Greece: males age 15-49: 2,673,539 (2001 est.)
Guatemala: males age 15-49: 3,092,050 (2001 est.)
Guinea: males age 15-49: 1,764,912 (2001 est.)
Guinea-Bissau: males age 15-49: 305,071 (2001 est.)
Guyana: males age 15-49: 204,938 (2001 est.)
Haiti: males age 15-49: 1,635,253 (2001 est.)
Honduras: males age 15-49: 1,515,101 (2001 est.)
Hong Kong: males age 15-49: 2,020,937 (2001 est.)
Hungary: males age 15-49: 2,573,119 (2001 est.)
Iceland: males age 15-49: 71,241 (2001 est.)
India: males age 15-49: 280,204,502 (2001 est.)
Indonesia: males age 15-49: 64,046,049 (2001 est.)
Iran: males age 15-49: 18,319,328 (2001 est.)
Iraq: males age 15-49: 5,902,215 (2001 est.)
Ireland: males age 15-49: 1,004,469 (2001 est.)
Israel: males age 15-49: 1,522,003
females age 15-49: 1,482,027 (2001 est.)
Italy: males age 15-49: 14,248,674 (2001 est.)
Jamaica: males age 15-49: 736,627 (2001 est.)
Japan: males age 15-49: 29,926,614 (2001 est.)
Jordan: males age 15-49: 1,458,571 (2001 est.)
Kazakhstan: males age 15-49: 4,509,179 (2001 est.)
Kenya: males age 15-49: 7,712,402 (2001 est.)
Korea, North: males age 15-49: 5,943,735 (2001 est.)
Korea, South: males age 15-49: 14,148,552 (2001 est.)
Kuwait: males age 15-49: 780,559 (2001 est.)
Kyrgyzstan: males age 15-49: 1,203,001 (2001 est.)
Laos: males age 15-49: 1,319,537 (2001 est.)
Latvia: males age 15-49: 590,784 (2001 est.)
Lebanon: males age 15-49: 980,412 (2001 est.)
Lesotho: males age 15-49: 515,464 (2001 est.)
Liberia: males age 15-49: 715,753 (2001 est.)
Libya: males age 15-49: 1,459,400 (2001 est.)
Lithuania: males age 15-49: 929,389 (2001 est.)
Luxembourg: males age 15-49: 112,714 (2001 est.)
Macau: males age 15-49: 125,737 (2001 est.)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: males age 15-49: 548,183 (2001 est.)
Madagascar: males age 15-49: 3,640,554 (2001 est.)
Malawi: males age 15-49: 2,466,708 (2001 est.)
Malaysia: males age 15-49: 5,800,456 (2001 est.)
Maldives: males age 15-49: 71,856 (2001 est.)
Mali: males age 15-49: 2,284,632 (2001 est.)
Malta: males age 15-49: 98,953 (2001 est.)
Mauritania: males age 15-49: 624,375 (2001 est.)
Mauritius: males age 15-49: 339,473 (2001 est.)
Mexico: males age 15-49: 26,703,300 (2001 est.)
Moldova: males age 15-49: 1,164,018 (2001 est.)
Mongolia: males age 15-49: 748,779 (2001 est.)
Morocco: males age 15-49: 8,182,073 (2001 est.)
Mozambique: males age 15-49: 4,627,052 (2001 est.)
Namibia: males age 15-49: 427,067 (2001 est.)
Nauru: males age 15-49: 3,018 (2001 est.)
Nepal: males age 15-49: 6,295,990 (2001 est.)
Netherlands: males age 15-49: 4,083,349 (2001 est.)
Netherlands Antilles: males age 15-49: 54,284 (2001 est.)
New Zealand: males age 15-49: 1,000,102 (2001 est.)
Nicaragua: males age 15-49: 1,269,322 (2001 est.)
Niger: males age 15-49: 2,202,608 (2001 est.)
Nigeria: males age 15-49: 29,940,922 (2001 est.)
Norway: males age 15-49: 1,101,384 (2001 est.)
Oman: males age 15-49: 771,919 (2001 est.)
Pakistan: males age 15-49: 35,770,928 (2001 est.)
Panama: males age 15-49: 775,966 (2001 est.)
Papua New Guinea: males age 15-49: 1,306,159 (2001 est.)
Paraguay: males age 15-49: 1,388,436 (2001 est.)
Peru: males age 15-49: 7,205,675 (2001 est.)
Philippines: males age 15-49: 21,220,191 (2001 est.)
Poland: males age 15-49: 10,447,931 (2001 est.)
Portugal: males age 15-49: 2,530,466 (2001 est.)
Qatar: males age 15-49: 312,116
note: includes non-nationals (2001 est.)
Reunion: males age 15-49: 190,846 (2001 est.)
Romania: males age 15-49: 5,899,536 (2001 est.)
Russia: males age 15-49: 38,866,147 (2001 est.)
Rwanda: males age 15-49: 1,815,633 (2001 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe: males age 15-49: 34,205 (2001 est.)
Saudi Arabia: males age 15-49: 5,894,691 (2001 est.)
Senegal: males age 15-49: 2,311,063 (2001 est.)
Seychelles: males age 15-49: 22,951 (2001 est.)
Sierra Leone: males age 15-49: 1,161,790 (2001 est.)
Singapore: males age 15-49: 1,316,815 (2001 est.)
Slovakia: males age 15-49: 1,487,093 (2001 est.)
Slovenia: males age 15-49: 523,336 (2001 est.)
Somalia: males age 15-49: 1,825,302 (2001 est.)
South Africa: males age 15-49: 11,469,812 (2001 est.)
Spain: males age 15-49: 10,551,945 (2001 est.)
Sri Lanka: males age 15-49: 5,304,323 (2001 est.)
Sudan: males age 15-49: 8,436,732 (2001 est.)
Suriname: males age 15-49: 121,656 (2001 est.)
Swaziland: males age 15-49: 248,084 (2001 est.)
Sweden: males age 15-49: 2,062,566 (2001 est.)
Switzerland: males age 15-49: 1,849,034 (2001 est.)
Syria: males age 15-49: 4,384,528 (2001 est.)
Tajikistan: males age 15-49: 1,586,700 (2001 est.)
Tanzania: males age 15-49: 8,365,337 (2001 est.)
Thailand: males age 15-49: 17,717,268 (2001 est.)
Togo: males age 15-49: 1,175,528 (2001 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago: males age 15-49: 346,043 (2001 est.)
Tunisia: males age 15-49: 2,739,566 (2001 est.)
Turkey: males age 15-49: 18,882,272 (2001 est.)
Turkmenistan: males age 15-49: 1,173,500 (2001 est.)
Uganda: males age 15-49: 5,118,755 (2001 est.)
Ukraine: males age 15-49: 12,285,623 (2001 est.)
United Arab Emirates: males age 15-49: 778,842
note: includes non-nationals (2001 est.)
United Kingdom: males age 15-49: 14,599,199 (2001 est.)
United States: males age 15-49: 70,819,436 (2001 est.)
Uruguay: males age 15-49: 817,535 (2001 est.)
Uzbekistan: males age 15-49: 6,550,587 (2001 est.)
Venezuela: males age 15-49: 6,524,809 (2001 est.)
Vietnam: males age 15-49: 21,704,588 (2001 est.)
Yemen: males age 15-49: 4,103,093 (2001 est.)
Yugoslavia: males age 15-49: 2,600,362 (2001 est.)
Zambia: males age 15-49: 2,246,640 (2001 est.)
Zimbabwe: males age 15-49: 2,996,631 (2001 est.)
Taiwan: males age 15-49: 6,575,689 (2001 est.)
======================================================================
@Military manpower - fit for military
Military manpower - fit for military service
Country profile category: Military
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V Y Z
Afghanistan: males age 15-49: 3,561,957 (2001 est.)
Albania: males age 15-49: 712,763 (2001 est.)
Algeria: males age 15-49: 5,383,770 (2001 est.)
Angola: males age 15-49: 1,246,224 (2001 est.)
Argentina: males age 15-49: 7,625,425 (2001 est.)
Armenia: males age 15-49: 715,734 (2001 est.)
Australia: males age 15-49: 4,303,966 (2001 est.)
Austria: males age 15-49: 1,731,383 (2001 est.)
Azerbaijan: males age 15-49: 1,684,673 (2001 est.)
Bahrain: males age 15-49: 121,833 (2001 est.)
Bangladesh: males age 15-49: 21,362,279 (2001 est.)
Barbados: males age 15-49: 53,576 (2001 est.)
Belarus: males age 15-49: 2,138,743 (2001 est.)
Belgium: males age 15-49: 2,079,624 (2001 est.)
Belize: males age 15-49: 37,174 (2001 est.)
Benin: males age 15-49: 743,980
females age 15-49: 755,149 (2001 est.)
Bhutan: males age 15-49: 269,251 (2001 est.)
Bolivia: males age 15-49: 1,306,452 (2001 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: males age 15-49: 895,780 (2001 est.)
Botswana: males age 15-49: 199,995 (2001 est.)
Brazil: males age 15-49: 32,388,786 (2001 est.)
Brunei: males age 15-49: 61,640 (2001 est.)
Bulgaria: males age 15-49: 1,581,697 (2001 est.)
Burkina Faso: males age 15-49: 1,329,995 (2001 est.)
Burma: males age 15-49: 6,425,514
females age 15-49: 6,419,677 (2001 est.)
Burundi: males age 15-49: 728,326 (2001 est.)
Cambodia: males age 15-49: 1,610,761 (2001 est.)
Cameroon: males age 15-49: 1,903,149 (2001 est.)
Canada: males age 15-49: 7,114,851 (2001 est.)
Cape Verde: males age 15-49: 50,615 (2001 est.)
Central African Republic: males age 15-49: 430,922 (2001 est.)
Chad: males age 15-49: 949,997 (2001 est.)
Chile: males age 15-49: 3,003,134 (2001 est.)
China: males age 15-49: 200,886,946 (2001 est.)
Colombia: males age 15-49: 7,205,211 (2001 est.)
Comoros: males age 15-49: 83,920 (2001 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: males age 15-49: 5,915,251 (2001 est.)
Congo, Republic of the: males age 15-49: 347,946 (2001 est.)
Costa Rica: males age 15-49: 692,973 (2001 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire: males age 15-49: 2,010,862 (2001 est.)
Croatia: males age 15-49: 859,621 (2001 est.)
Cuba: males age 15-49: 1,911,160
females age 15-49: 1,867,958 (2001 est.)
Cyprus: males age 15-49: 136,147 (2001 est.)
Czech Republic: males age 15-49: 2,024,070 (2001 est.)
Denmark: males age 15-49: 1,106,094 (2001 est.)
Djibouti: males age 15-49: 63,589 (2001 est.)
Dominican Republic: males age 15-49: 1,430,776 (2001 est.)
Ecuador: males age 15-49: 2,280,899 (2001 est.)
Egypt: males age 15-49: 12,020,059 (2001 est.)
El Salvador: males age 15-49: 929,263 (2001 est.)
Equatorial Guinea: males age 15-49: 55,347 (2001 est.)
Estonia: males age 15-49: 282,418 (2001 est.)
Ethiopia: males age 15-49: 7,581,815 (2001 est.)
Fiji: males age 15-49: 125,238 (2001 est.)
Finland: males age 15-49: 1,033,188 (2001 est.)
France: males age 15-49: 12,127,793 (2001 est.)
French Guiana: males age 15-49: 32,052 (2001 est.)
Gabon: males age 15-49: 145,062 (2001 est.)
Gambia, The: males age 15-49: 159,764 (2001 est.)
Georgia: males age 15-49: 1,024,574 (2001 est.)
Germany: males age 15-49: 17,760,412 (2001 est.)
Ghana: males age 15-49: 2,713,584 (2001 est.)
Greece: males age 15-49: 2,040,227 (2001 est.)
Guatemala: males age 15-49: 2,018,636 (2001 est.)
Guinea: males age 15-49: 891,166 (2001 est.)
Guinea-Bissau: males age 15-49: 173,703 (2001 est.)
Guyana: males age 15-49: 154,259 (2001 est.)
Haiti: males age 15-49: 888,305 (2001 est.)
Honduras: males age 15-49: 902,220 (2001 est.)
Hong Kong: males age 15-49: 1,520,531 (2001 est.)
Hungary: males age 15-49: 2,050,404 (2001 est.)
Iceland: males age 15-49: 62,704 (2001 est.)
India: males age 15-49: 164,410,461 (2001 est.)
Indonesia: males age 15-49: 37,418,755 (2001 est.)
Iran: males age 15-49: 10,872,407 (2001 est.)
Iraq: males age 15-49: 3,301,880 (2001 est.)
Ireland: males age 15-49: 809,808 (2001 est.)
Israel: males age 15-49: 1,245,757
females age 15-49: 1,208,973 (2001 est.)
Italy: males age 15-49: 12,244,166 (2001 est.)
Jamaica: males age 15-49: 517,077 (2001 est.)
Japan: males age 15-49: 25,876,484 (2001 est.)
Jordan: males age 15-49: 1,034,109 (2001 est.)
Kazakhstan: males age 15-49: 3,598,859 (2001 est.)
Kenya: males age 15-49: 4,774,889 (2001 est.)
Korea, North: males age 15-49: 3,574,050 (2001 est.)
Korea, South: males age 15-49: 8,979,778 (2001 est.)
Kuwait: males age 15-49: 466,521 (2001 est.)
Kyrgyzstan: males age 15-49: 975,744 (2001 est.)
Laos: males age 15-49: 710,627 (2001 est.)
Latvia: males age 15-49: 463,944 (2001 est.)
Lebanon: males age 15-49: 605,332 (2001 est.)
Lesotho: males age 15-49: 277,369 (2001 est.)
Liberia: males age 15-49: 385,460 (2001 est.)
Libya: males age 15-49: 866,012 (2001 est.)
Lithuania: males age 15-49: 730,363 (2001 est.)
Luxembourg: males age 15-49: 92,817 (2001 est.)
Macau: males age 15-49: 69,191 (2001 est.)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: males age 15-49: 442,053 (2001 est.)
Madagascar: males age 15-49: 2,159,767 (2001 est.)
Malawi: males age 15-49: 1,265,893 (2001 est.)
Malaysia: males age 15-49: 3,514,023 (2001 est.)
Maldives: males age 15-49: 40,006 (2001 est.)
Mali: males age 15-49: 1,309,612 (2001 est.)
Malta: males age 15-49: 78,783 (2001 est.)
Mauritania: males age 15-49: 302,699 (2001 est.)
Mauritius: males age 15-49: 171,206 (2001 est.)
Mexico: males age 15-49: 19,394,184 (2001 est.)
Moldova: males age 15-49: 921,210 (2001 est.)
Mongolia: males age 15-49: 486,491 (2001 est.)
Morocco: males age 15-49: 5,160,374 (2001 est.)
Mozambique: males age 15-49: 2,670,933 (2001 est.)
Namibia: males age 15-49: 255,016 (2001 est.)
Nauru: males age 15-49: 1,661 (2001 est.)
Nepal: males age 15-49: 3,272,077 (2001 est.)
Netherlands: males age 15-49: 3,555,501 (2001 est.)
Netherlands Antilles: males age 15-49: 30,405 (2001 est.)
New Zealand: males age 15-49: 841,915 (2001 est.)
Nicaragua: males age 15-49: 779,267 (2001 est.)
Niger: males age 15-49: 1,190,787 (2001 est.)
Nigeria: males age 15-49: 17,201,367 (2001 est.)
Norway: males age 15-49: 913,534 (2001 est.)
Oman: males age 15-49: 429,811 (2001 est.)
Pakistan: males age 15-49: 21,897,366 (2001 est.)
Panama: males age 15-49: 530,916 (2001 est.)
Papua New Guinea: males age 15-49: 723,012 (2001 est.)
Paraguay: males age 15-49: 1,001,516 (2001 est.)
Peru: males age 15-49: 4,847,250 (2001 est.)
Philippines: males age 15-49: 14,942,363 (2001 est.)
Poland: males age 15-49: 8,139,245 (2001 est.)
Portugal: males age 15-49: 2,030,759 (2001 est.)
Qatar: males age 15-49: 163,642 (2001 est.)
Reunion: males age 15-49: 97,497 (2001 est.)
Romania: males age 15-49: 4,962,807 (2001 est.)
Russia: males age 15-49: 30,337,743 (2001 est.)
Rwanda: males age 15-49: 924,544 (2001 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe: males age 15-49: 18,043 (2001 est.)
Saudi Arabia: males age 15-49: 3,291,185 (2001 est.)
Senegal: males age 15-49: 1,207,360 (2001 est.)
Seychelles: males age 15-49: 11,452 (2001 est.)
Sierra Leone: males age 15-49: 563,631 (2001 est.)
Singapore: males age 15-49: 959,636 (2001 est.)
Slovakia: males age 15-49: 1,136,811 (2001 est.)
Slovenia: males age 15-49: 416,237 (2001 est.)
Somalia: males age 15-49: 1,011,400 (2001 est.)
South Africa: males age 15-49: 6,977,328 (2001 est.)
Spain: males age 15-49: 8,448,150 (2001 est.)
Sri Lanka: males age 15-49: 4,119,511 (2001 est.)
Sudan: males age 15-49: 5,194,862 (2001 est.)
Suriname: males age 15-49: 71,344 (2001 est.)
Swaziland: males age 15-49: 143,618 (2001 est.)
Sweden: males age 15-49: 1,803,995 (2001 est.)
Switzerland: males age 15-49: 1,570,918 (2001 est.)
Syria: males age 15-49: 2,448,630 (2001 est.)
Tajikistan: males age 15-49: 1,300,252 (2001 est.)
Tanzania: males age 15-49: 4,841,095 (2001 est.)
Thailand: males age 15-49: 10,646,818 (2001 est.)
Togo: males age 15-49: 616,622 (2001 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago: males age 15-49: 247,297 (2001 est.)
Tunisia: males age 15-49: 1,561,484 (2001 est.)
Turkey: males age 15-49: 11,432,438 (2001 est.)
Turkmenistan: males age 15-49: 952,218 (2001 est.)
Uganda: males age 15-49: 2,778,457 (2001 est.)
Ukraine: males age 15-49: 9,630,184 (2001 est.)
United Arab Emirates: males age 15-49: 420,484 (2001 est.)
United Kingdom: males age 15-49: 12,139,930 (2001 est.)
United States: NA
Uruguay: males age 15-49: 661,777 (2001 est.)
Uzbekistan: males age 15-49: 5,318,418 (2001 est.)
Venezuela: males age 15-49: 4,701,062 (2001 est.)
Vietnam: males age 15-49: 13,673,438 (2001 est.)
Yemen: males age 15-49: 2,303,257 (2001 est.)
Yugoslavia: males age 15-49: 2,088,595 (2001 est.)
Zambia: males age 15-49: 1,193,047 (2001 est.)
Zimbabwe: males age 15-49: 1,860,167 (2001 est.)
Taiwan: males age 15-49: 5,025,856 (2001 est.)
======================================================================
@Military manpower - military age
Afghanistan: 22 years of age
Albania: 19 years of age
Algeria: 19 years of age
Angola: 18 years of age
Argentina: 20 years of age
Armenia: 18 years of age
Australia: 17 years of age
Austria: 19 years of age
Azerbaijan: 18 years of age
Bahrain: 15 years of age
Belarus: 18 years of age
Belgium: 19 years of age
Belize: 18 years of age
Benin: 18 years of age
Bhutan: 18 years of age
Bolivia: 19 years of age
Bosnia and Herzegovina: 19 years of age
Botswana: 18 years of age
Brazil: 18 years of age
Brunei: 18 years of age
Bulgaria: 19 years of age
Burma: 18 years of age
Burundi: 16 years of age
Cambodia: 18 years of age
Cameroon: 18 years of age
Canada: 17 years of age
Chad: 20 years of age
Chile: 19 years of age
China: 18 years of age
Colombia: 18 years of age
Congo, Republic of the: 20 years of age
Costa Rica: 18 years of age
Cote d'Ivoire: 18 years of age
Croatia: 19 years of age
Cuba: 17 years of age
Cyprus: 18 years of age
Czech Republic: 18 years of age
Denmark: 18 years of age
Dominican Republic: 18 years of age
Ecuador: 20 years of age
Egypt: 20 years of age
El Salvador: 18 years of age
Estonia: 18 years of age
Ethiopia: 18 years of age
Fiji: 18 years of age
Finland: 17 years of age
France: 18 years of age
Gabon: 20 years of age
Georgia: 18 years of age
Germany: 18 years of age
Ghana: 18 years of age
Greece: 21 years of age
Guatemala: 18 years of age
Haiti: 18 years of age
Honduras: 18 years of age
Hong Kong: 18 years of age
Hungary: 18 years of age
India: 17 years of age
Indonesia: 18 years of age
Iran: 21 years of age
Iraq: 18 years of age
Ireland: 17 years of age
Israel: 18 years of age
Italy: 18 years of age
Jamaica: 18 years of age
Japan: 18 years of age
Jordan: 18 years of age
Kazakhstan: 18 years of age
Korea, North: 18 years of age
Korea, South: 18 years of age
Kuwait: 18 years of age
Kyrgyzstan: 18 years of age
Laos: 18 years of age
Latvia: 18 years of age
Libya: 17 years of age
Lithuania: 18 years of age
Luxembourg: 19 years of age
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: 19 years of age
Madagascar: 20 years of age
Malaysia: 21 years of age
Mexico: 18 years of age
note: starting in 2000, females will be allowed to volunteer for military service
Moldova: 18 years of age
Mongolia: 18 years of age
Morocco: 18 years of age
Nepal: 17 years of age
Netherlands: 20 years of age
Netherlands Antilles: 20 years of age
New Zealand: 20 years of age
Nicaragua: 18 years of age
Niger: 18 years of age
Nigeria: 18 years of age
Norway: 20 years of age
Oman: 14 years of age
Pakistan: 17 years of age
Paraguay: 17 years of age
Peru: 20 years of age
Philippines: 20 years of age
Poland: 19 years of age
Portugal: 20 years of age
Qatar: 18 years of age
Reunion: 18 years of age
Romania: 20 years of age
Russia: 18 years of age
Saudi Arabia: 17 years of age
Senegal: 18 years of age
Slovakia: 18 years of age
Slovenia: 19 years of age
South Africa: 18 years of age
Spain: 20 years of age
Sri Lanka: 18 years of age
Sudan: 18 years of age
Sweden: 19 years of age
Switzerland: 20 years of age
Syria: 19 years of age
Tajikistan: 18 years of age
Thailand: 18 years of age
Tunisia: 20 years of age
Turkey: 20 years of age
Turkmenistan: 18 years of age
Ukraine: 18 years of age
United Arab Emirates: 18 years of age
United States: 18 years of age
Uzbekistan: 18 years of age
Venezuela: 18 years of age
Vietnam: 17 years of age
Yemen: 14 years of age
Yugoslavia: 19 years of age
Taiwan: 19 years of age
======================================================================
@Military manpower - reaching military
Military manpower - reaching military age annually
Country profile category: Military
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V Y
Afghanistan: males: 252,869 (2001 est.)
Albania: males: 35,792 (2001 est.)
Algeria: males: 388,939 (2001 est.)
Angola: males: 103,807 (2001 est.)
Argentina: males: 335,085 (2001 est.)
Armenia: males: 34,998 (2001 est.)
Australia: males: 138,971 (2001 est.)
Austria: males: 50,580 (2001 est.)
Azerbaijan: males: 77,099 (2001 est.)
Bahrain: males: 5,926 (2001 est.)
Belarus: males: 86,396 (2001 est.)
Belgium: males: 63,247 (2001 est.)
Belize: males: 2,847 (2001 est.)
Benin: males: 70,088
females: 73,618 (2001 est.)
Bhutan: males: 21,167 (2001 est.)
Bolivia: males: 90,120 (2001 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: males: 29,757 (2001 est.)
Botswana: males: 19,479 (2001 est.)
Brazil: males: 1,762,740 (2001 est.)
Brunei: males: 3,005 (2001 est.)
Bulgaria: males: 56,104 (2001 est.)
Burma: males: 470,667
females: 479,691 (2001 est.)
Burundi: males: 79,360 (2001 est.)
Cambodia: males: 162,643 (2001 est.)
Cameroon: males: 174,308 (2001 est.)
Canada: males: 215,627 (2001 est.)
Chad: males: 82,003 (2001 est.)
Chile: males: 136,830 (2001 est.)
China: males: 10,089,458 (2001 est.)
Colombia: males: 379,295 (2001 est.)
Congo, Republic of the: males: 32,350 (2001 est.)
Costa Rica: males: 39,411 (2001 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire: males: 188,411 (2001 est.)
Croatia: males: 30,037 (2001 est.)
Cuba: males: 79,562
females: 85,650 (2001 est.)
Cyprus: males: 6,616 (2001 est.)
Czech Republic: males: 69,393 (2001 est.)
Denmark: males: 29,212 (2001 est.)
Dominican Republic: males: 87,404 (2001 est.)
Ecuador: males: 132,978 (2001 est.)
Egypt: males: 712,983 (2001 est.)
El Salvador: males: 68,103 (2001 est.)
Estonia: males: 11,164 (2001 est.)
Ethiopia: males: 703,625 (2001 est.)
Fiji: males: 9,471 (2001 est.)
Finland: males: 33,883 (2001 est.)
France: males: 390,064 (2001 est.)
Gabon: males: 11,304 (2001 est.)
Georgia: males: 41,561 (2001 est.)
Germany: males: 482,318 (2001 est.)
Ghana: males: 213,237 (2001 est.)
Greece: males: 77,976 (2001 est.)
Guatemala: males: 140,358 (2001 est.)
Haiti: males: 87,049 (2001 est.)
Honduras: males: 72,335 (2001 est.)
Hong Kong: males: 47,139 (2001 est.)
Hungary: males: 64,121 (2001 est.)
India: males: 10,879,384 (2001 est.)
Indonesia: males: 2,263,706 (2001 est.)
Iran: males: 823,040 (2001 est.)
Iraq: males: 274,035 (2001 est.)
Ireland: males: 32,287 (2001 est.)
Israel: males: 49,206
females: 53,379 (2001 est.)
Italy: males: 304,369 (2001 est.)
Jamaica: males: 27,729 (2001 est.)
Japan: males: 765,817 (2001 est.)
Jordan: males: 57,131 (2001 est.)
Kazakhstan: males: 163,628 (2001 est.)
Korea, North: males: 179,136 (2001 est.)
Korea, South: males: 394,397 (2001 est.)
Kuwait: males: 18,309 (2001 est.)
Kyrgyzstan: males: 50,590 (2001 est.)
Laos: males: 64,437 (2001 est.)
Latvia: males: 19,114 (2001 est.)
Libya: males: 61,694 (2001 est.)
Lithuania: males: 28,506 (2001 est.)
Luxembourg: males: 2,565 (2001 est.)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: males: 17,905 (2001 est.)
Madagascar: males: 153,856 (2001 est.)
Malaysia: males: 196,042 (2001 est.)
Mexico: males: 1,077,536 (2001 est.)
Moldova: males: 42,268 (2001 est.)
Mongolia: males: 30,230 (2001 est.)
Morocco: males: 348,380 (2001 est.)
Nepal: males: 292,589 (2001 est.)
Netherlands: males: 96,082 (2001 est.)
Netherlands Antilles: males: 1,610 (2001 est.)
New Zealand: males: 26,480 (2001 est.)
Nicaragua: males: 58,232 (2001 est.)
Niger: males: 108,993 (2001 est.)
Nigeria: males: 1,375,112 (2001 est.)
Norway: males: 27,341 (2001 est.)
Oman: males: 26,469 (2001 est.)
Pakistan: males: 1,657,723 (2001 est.)
Paraguay: males: 58,359 (2001 est.)
Peru: males: 276,458 (2001 est.)
Philippines: males: 848,181 (2001 est.)
Poland: males: 344,781 (2001 est.)
Portugal: males: 71,404 (2001 est.)
Qatar: males: 6,797 (2001 est.)
Reunion: males: 6,243 (2001 est.)
Romania: males: 179,951 (2001 est.)
Russia: males: 1,242,778 (2001 est.)
Saudi Arabia: males: 233,402 (2001 est.)
Senegal: males: 114,189 (2001 est.)
Slovakia: males: 45,502 (2001 est.)
Slovenia: males: 14,513 (2001 est.)
South Africa: males: 466,399 (2001 est.)
Spain: males: 281,043 (2001 est.)
Sri Lanka: males: 193,522 (2001 est.)
Sudan: males: 398,294 (2001 est.)
Sweden: males: 51,506 (2001 est.)
Switzerland: males: 42,597 (2001 est.)
Syria: males: 200,859 (2001 est.)
Tajikistan: males: 72,056 (2001 est.)
Thailand: males: 567,659 (2001 est.)
Tunisia: males: 105,146 (2001 est.)
Turkey: males: 674,805 (2001 est.)
Turkmenistan: males: 48,292 (2001 est.)
Ukraine: males: 390,823 (2001 est.)
United Arab Emirates: males: 25,482 (2001 est.)
United States: males: 2,039,414 (2001 est.)
Uzbekistan: males: 274,602 (2001 est.)
Venezuela: males: 246,185 (2001 est.)
Vietnam: males: 961,124 (2001 est.)
Yemen: males: 238,690 (2001 est.)
Yugoslavia: males: 82,542 (2001 est.)
Taiwan: males: 198,766 (2001 est.)
======================================================================
@National holiday
Afghanistan: Independence Day, 19 August (1919)
Albania: Independence Day, 28 November (1912)
Algeria: Revolution Day, 1 November (1954)
American Samoa: Flag Day, 17 April (1900)
Andorra: Our Lady of Meritxell Day, 8 September (1278)
Angola: Independence Day, 11 November (1975)
Anguilla: Anguilla Day, 30 May
Antigua and Barbuda: Independence Day, 1 November (1981)
Argentina: Revolution Day, 25 May (1810)
Armenia: Independence Day, 21 September (1991)
Aruba: Flag Day, 18 March
Australia: Australia Day, 26 January (1788)
Austria: National Day, 26 October (1955); note - commemorates the passage of the law on permanent neutrality
Azerbaijan: Founding of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaidzhan, 28 May (1918)
Bahamas, The: Independence Day, 10 July (1973)
Bahrain: National Day, 16 December (1971); note - 15 August 1971 is the date of independence from the UK, 16 December 1971 is the date of independence from British protection
Bangladesh: Independence Day, 26 March (1971); note - 26 March 1971 is the date of independence from West Pakistan, 16 December 1971 is Victory Day and commemorates the official creation of the state of Bangladesh
Barbados: Independence Day, 30 November (1966)
Belarus: Independence Day, 3 July (1944); note - 3 July 1944 was the date Minsk was liberated from German troops, 25 August 1991 was the date of independence from the Soviet Union
Belgium: Independence Day, 21 July (1831)
Belize: Independence Day, 21 September (1981)
Benin: National Day, 1 August (1960)
Bermuda: Bermuda Day, 24 May
Bhutan: National Day (Ugyen WANGCHUCK became first hereditary king), 17 December (1907)
Bolivia: Independence Day, 6 August (1825)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: National Day, 25 November (1943)
Botswana: Independence Day, 30 September (1966)
Brazil: Independence Day, 7 September (1822)
British Virgin Islands: Territory Day, 1 July
Brunei: National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection
Bulgaria: Liberation Day, 3 March (1878)
Burkina Faso: Republic Day, 11 December (1958)
Burma: Independence Day, 4 January (1948)
Burundi: Independence Day, 1 July (1962)
Cambodia: Independence Day, 9 November (1953)
Cameroon: Republic Day, 20 May (1972)
Canada: Independence Day/Canada Day, 1 July (1867)
Cape Verde: Independence Day, 5 July (1975)
Cayman Islands: Constitution Day, first Monday in July
Central African Republic: Republic Day, 1 December (1958)
Chad: Independence Day, 11 August (1960)
Chile: Independence Day, 18 September (1810)
China: Founding of the People's Republic of China, 1 October (1949)
Christmas Island: NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: NA
Colombia: Independence Day, 20 July (1810)
Comoros: Independence Day, 6 July (1975)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: Independence Day, 30 June (1960)
Congo, Republic of the: Independence Day, 15 August (1960)
Cook Islands: Constitution Day, first Monday in August (1965)
Costa Rica: Independence Day, 15 September (1821)
Cote d'Ivoire: Independence Day, 7 August (1960)
Croatia: Republic Day/Statehood Day, 30 May (1990)
Cuba: Independence Day, 10 October (1868); note - 10 October 1868 is the date of independence from Spain, 20 May 1902 is the date of independence from US administration
Cyprus: Independence Day, 1 October (1960); note - Turkish Cypriot area celebrates 15 November (1983) as Independence Day
Czech Republic: Czech Founding Day, 28 October (1918)
Denmark: none designated; Constitution Day, 5 June is generally viewed as the National Day
Djibouti: Independence Day, 27 June (1977)
Dominica: Independence Day, 3 November (1978)
Dominican Republic: Independence Day, 27 February (1844)
Ecuador: Independence Day (independence of Quito), 10 August (1809)
Egypt: Revolution Day, 23 July (1952)
El Salvador: Independence Day, 15 September (1821)
Equatorial Guinea: Independence Day, 12 October (1968)
Eritrea: Independence Day, 24 May (1993)
Estonia: Independence Day, 24 February (1918); note - 24 February 1918 was the date of independence from Soviet Russia, 6 September 1991 was the date of independence from the Soviet Union
Ethiopia: National Day (defeat of MENGISTU regime), 28 May (1991)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)
Faroe Islands: Olaifest, 29 July
Fiji: Independence Day, second Monday of October (1970)
Finland: Independence Day, 6 December (1917)
France: Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
French Guiana: Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
French Polynesia: Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Gabon: Founding of the Gabonese Democratic Party (PDG), 12 March (1968)
Gambia, The: Independence Day, 18 February (1965)
Georgia: Independence Day, 26 May (1918); note - 26 May 1918 is the date of independence from Soviet Russia, 9 April 1991 is the date of independence from the Soviet Union
Germany: Unity Day, 3 October (1990)
Ghana: Independence Day, 6 March (1957)
Gibraltar: Commonwealth Day, second Monday of March
Greece: Independence Day, 25 March (1821)
Greenland: June 21 (longest day)
Grenada: Independence Day, 7 February (1974)
Guadeloupe: Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Guam: Discovery Day, first Monday in March (1521)
Guatemala: Independence Day, 15 September (1821)
Guernsey: Liberation Day, 9 May (1945)
Guinea: Independence Day, 2 October (1958)
Guinea-Bissau: Independence Day, 24 September (1973)
Guyana: Republic Day, 23 February (1970)
Haiti: Independence Day, 1 January (1804)
Holy See (Vatican City): Coronation Day of Pope JOHN PAUL II, 22 October (1978)
Honduras: Independence Day, 15 September (1821)
Hong Kong: National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 1 July 1997 is celebrated as Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment Day
Hungary: St. Stephen's Day, 20 August
Iceland: Independence Day, 17 June (1944)
India: Republic Day, 26 January (1950)
Indonesia: Independence Day, 17 August (1945)
Iran: Republic Day, 1 April (1979)
Iraq: Revolution Day, 17 July (1968)
Ireland: Saint Patrick's Day, 17 March
Israel: Independence Day, 14 May (1948); note - Israel declared independence on 14 May 1948, but the Jewish calendar is lunar and the holiday may occur in April or May
Italy: Republic Day, 2 June (1946)
Jamaica: Independence Day, first Monday in August (1962)
Japan: Birthday of Emperor AKIHITO, 23 December (1933)
Jersey: Liberation Day, 9 May (1945)
Jordan: Independence Day, 25 May (1946)
Kazakhstan: Republic Day, 25 October (1990)
Kenya: Independence Day, 12 December (1963)
Kiribati: Independence Day, 12 July (1979)
Korea, North: Founding of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), 9 September (1948)
Korea, South: Liberation Day, 15 August (1945)
Kuwait: National Day, 25 February (1950)
Kyrgyzstan: Independence Day, 31 August (1991)
Laos: Republic Day, 2 December (1975)
Latvia: Independence Day, 18 November (1918); note - 18 November 1918 is the date of independence from Soviet Russia, 18 November 1991 is the date of independence from the Soviet Union
Lebanon: Independence Day, 22 November (1943)
Lesotho: Independence Day, 4 October (1966)
Liberia: Independence Day, 26 July (1847)
Libya: Revolution Day, 1 September (1969)
Liechtenstein: Assumption Day, 15 August
Lithuania: Independence Day, 16 February (1918); note - 16 February 1918 is the date of independence from German, Austrian, Prussian, and Russian occupation, 11 March 1990 is the date of independence from the Soviet Union
Luxembourg: National Day (Birthday of Grand Duchess Charlotte) 23 June
Macau: National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: Uprising Day, 2 August (1903)
Madagascar: Independence Day, 26 June (1960)
Malawi: Independence Day, 6 July (1964)
Malaysia: Independence Day/Malaysia Day, 31 August (1957)
Maldives: Independence Day, 26 July (1965)
Mali: Independence Day, 22 September (1960)
Malta: Independence Day, 21 September (1964)
Man, Isle of: Tynwald Day, 5 July
Marshall Islands: Constitution Day, 1 May (1979)
Martinique: Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Mauritania: Independence Day, 28 November (1960)
Mauritius: Independence Day, 12 March (1968)
Mayotte: Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Mexico: Independence Day, 16 September (1810)
Micronesia, Federated States of: Constitution Day, 10 May (1979)
Moldova: Independence Day, 27 August (1991)
Monaco: National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November
Mongolia: Independence Day/Revolution Day, 11 July (1921)
Montserrat: Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926)
Morocco: Throne Day (accession of King MOHAMED VI to the throne), 30 July (1999)
Mozambique: Independence Day, 25 June (1975)
Namibia: Independence Day, 21 March (1990)
Nauru: Independence Day, 31 January (1968)
Nepal: Birthday of King GYANENDRA, 7 July (1946)
Netherlands: Queen's Day (Birthday of Queen-Mother JULIANA in 1909 and accession to the throne of her oldest daughter BEATRIX in 1980), 30 April
Netherlands Antilles: Queen's Day (Birthday of Queen-Mother JULIANA in 1909 and accession to the throne of her oldest daughter BEATRIX in 1980), 30 April
New Caledonia: Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
New Zealand: Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)
Nicaragua: Independence Day, 15 September (1821)
Niger: Republic Day, 18 December (1958)
Nigeria: Independence Day, 1 October (1960)
Niue: Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)
Norfolk Island: Pitcairners Arrival Day, 8 June (1856)
Northern Mariana Islands: Commonwealth Day, 8 January (1978)
Norway: Constitution Day, 17 May (1814); note - 17 May 1814 is the date of independence from Sweden, 7 June 1905 is the date Norway declared the union with Sweden was dissolved
Oman: Birthday of Sultan QABOOS, 18 November (1940)
Pakistan: Republic Day, 23 March (1956)
Palau: Constitution Day, 9 July (1979)
Panama: Independence Day, 3 November (1903)
Papua New Guinea: Independence Day, 16 September (1975)
Paraguay: Independence Day, 14 May (1811)
Peru: Independence Day, 28 July (1821)
Philippines: Independence Day (from Spain), 12 June (1898); note - 12 June 1898 is the date of independence from Spain, 4 July 1946 is the date of independence from the US
Pitcairn Islands: Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926)
Poland: Constitution Day, 3 May (1791)
Portugal: Portugal Day, 10 June (1580)
Puerto Rico: US Independence Day, 4 July (1776)
Qatar: Independence Day, 3 September (1971)
Reunion: Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Romania: Unification Day (of Romania and Transylvania), 1 December (1918)
Russia: Russia Day, 12 June (1990)
Rwanda: Independence Day, 1 July (1962)
Saint Helena: Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926)
Saint Kitts and Nevis: Independence Day, 19 September (1983)
Saint Lucia: Independence Day, 22 February (1979)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Independence Day, 27 October (1979)
Samoa: Independence Day Celebration, 1 June (1962); note - 1 January 1962 is the date of independence from the New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship, 1 June 1962 is the date that independence is celebrated
San Marino: Founding of the Republic, 3 September (301)
Sao Tome and Principe: Independence Day, 12 July (1975)
Saudi Arabia: Unification of the Kingdom, 23 September (1932)
Senegal: Independence Day, 4 April (1960)
Seychelles: Constitution Day, 18 June (1993)
Sierra Leone: Independence Day, 27 April (1961)
Singapore: Independence Day, 9 August (1965)
Slovakia: Constitution Day, 1 September (1992)
Slovenia: Independence Day/Statehood Day, 25 June (1991)
Solomon Islands: Independence Day, 7 July (1978)
Somalia: Foundation of the Somali Republic, 1 July (1960)
South Africa: Freedom Day, 27 April (1994)
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands: Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)
Spain: Hispanic Day, 12 October
Sri Lanka: Independence Day, 4 February (1948)
Sudan: Independence Day, 1 January (1956)
Suriname: Independence Day, 25 November (1975)
Svalbard: NA
Swaziland: Independence Day, 6 September (1968)
Sweden: Flag Day, 6 June
Switzerland: Founding of the Swiss Confederation, 1 August (1291)
Syria: Independence Day, 17 April (1946)
Tajikistan: Independence Day, 9 September (1991)
Tanzania: Union Day (Tanganyika and Zanzibar), 26 April (1964)
Thailand: Birthday of King PHUMIPHON, 5 December (1927)
Togo: Independence Day, 27 April (1960)
Tokelau: Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)
Tonga: Independence Day, 4 June (1970)
Trinidad and Tobago: Independence Day, 31 August (1962)
Tunisia: Independence Day, 20 March (1956)
Turkey: Independence Day, 29 October (1923)
Turkmenistan: Independence Day, 27 October (1991)
Turks and Caicos Islands: Constitution Day, 30 August (1976)
Tuvalu: Independence Day, 1 October (1978)
Uganda: Independence Day, 9 October (1962)
Ukraine: Independence Day, 24 August (1991)
United Arab Emirates: Independence Day, 2 December (1971)
United Kingdom: Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, celebrated on the second Saturday in June (1926)
United States: Independence Day, 4 July (1776)
Uruguay: Independence Day, 25 August (1825)
Uzbekistan: Independence Day, 1 September (1991)
Vanuatu: Independence Day, 30 July (1980)
Venezuela: Independence Day, 5 July (1811)
Vietnam: Independence Day, 2 September (1945)
Virgin Islands: Transfer Day (from Denmark to the US), 27 March (1917)
Wallis and Futuna: Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Yemen: Unification Day, 22 May (1990)
Yugoslavia: Republic Day, 29 November
Zambia: Independence Day, 24 October (1964)
Zimbabwe: Independence Day, 18 April (1980)
Taiwan: Republic Day (Anniversary of the Chinese Revolution), 10 October (1911)
======================================================================
@Nationality
Afghanistan: noun: Afghan(s)
adjective: Afghan
Albania: noun: Albanian(s)
adjective: Albanian
Algeria: noun: Algerian(s)
adjective: Algerian
American Samoa: noun: American Samoan(s)
adjective: American Samoan
Andorra: noun: Andorran(s)
adjective: Andorran
Angola: noun: Angolan(s)
adjective: Angolan
Anguilla: noun: Anguillan(s)
adjective: Anguillan
Antigua and Barbuda: noun: Antiguan(s), Barbudan(s)
adjective: Antiguan, Barbudan
Argentina: noun: Argentine(s)
adjective: Argentine
Armenia: noun: Armenian(s)
adjective: Armenian
Aruba: noun: Aruban(s)
adjective: Aruban; Dutch
Australia: noun: Australian(s)
adjective: Australian
Austria: noun: Austrian(s)
adjective: Austrian
Azerbaijan: noun: Azerbaijani(s)
adjective: Azerbaijani
Bahamas, The: noun: Bahamian(s)
adjective: Bahamian
Bahrain: noun: Bahraini(s)
adjective: Bahraini
Bangladesh: noun: Bangladeshi(s)
adjective: Bangladeshi
Barbados: noun: Barbadian(s) or Bajan (colloquial)
adjective: Barbadian or Bajan (colloquial)
Belarus: noun: Belarusian(s)
adjective: Belarusian
Belgium: noun: Belgian(s)
adjective: Belgian
Belize: noun: Belizean(s)
adjective: Belizean
Benin: noun: Beninese (singular and plural)
adjective: Beninese
Bermuda: noun: Bermudian(s)
adjective: Bermudian
Bhutan: noun: Bhutanese (singular and plural)
adjective: Bhutanese
Bolivia: noun: Bolivian(s)
adjective: Bolivian
Bosnia and Herzegovina: noun: Bosnian(s), Herzegovinian(s)
adjective: Bosnian, Herzegovinian
Botswana: noun: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)
adjective: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)
Brazil: noun: Brazilian(s)
adjective: Brazilian
British Virgin Islands: noun: British Virgin Islander(s)
adjective: British Virgin Islander
Brunei: noun: Bruneian(s)
adjective: Bruneian
Bulgaria: noun: Bulgarian(s)
adjective: Bulgarian
Burkina Faso: noun: Burkinabe (singular and plural)
adjective: Burkinabe
Burma: noun: Burmese (singular and plural)
adjective: Burmese
Burundi: noun: Burundian(s)
adjective: Burundi
Cambodia: noun: Cambodian(s)
adjective: Cambodian
Cameroon: noun: Cameroonian(s)
adjective: Cameroonian
Canada: noun: Canadian(s)
adjective: Canadian
Cape Verde: noun: Cape Verdean(s)
adjective: Cape Verdean
Cayman Islands: noun: Caymanian(s)
adjective: Caymanian
Central African Republic: noun: Central African(s)
adjective: Central African
Chad: noun: Chadian(s)
adjective: Chadian
Chile: noun: Chilean(s)
adjective: Chilean
China: noun: Chinese (singular and plural)
adjective: Chinese
Christmas Island: noun: Christmas Islander(s)
adjective: Christmas Island
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: noun: Cocos Islander(s)
adjective: Cocos Islander
Colombia: noun: Colombian(s)
adjective: Colombian
Comoros: noun: Comoran(s)
adjective: Comoran
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: noun: Congolese (singular and plural)
adjective: Congolese or Congo
Congo, Republic of the: noun: Congolese (singular and plural)
adjective: Congolese or Congo
Cook Islands: noun: Cook Islander(s)
adjective: Cook Islander
Costa Rica: noun: Costa Rican(s)
adjective: Costa Rican
Cote d'Ivoire: noun: Ivorian(s)
adjective: Ivorian
Croatia: noun: Croat(s)
adjective: Croatian
Cuba: noun: Cuban(s)
adjective: Cuban
Cyprus: noun: Cypriot(s)
adjective: Cypriot
Czech Republic: noun: Czech(s)
adjective: Czech
Denmark: noun: Dane(s)
adjective: Danish
Djibouti: noun: Djiboutian(s)
adjective: Djiboutian
Dominica: noun: Dominican(s)
adjective: Dominican
Dominican Republic: noun: Dominican(s)
adjective: Dominican
Ecuador: noun: Ecuadorian(s)
adjective: Ecuadorian
Egypt: noun: Egyptian(s)
adjective: Egyptian
El Salvador: noun: Salvadoran(s)
adjective: Salvadoran
Equatorial Guinea: noun: Equatorial Guinean(s) or Equatoguinean(s)
adjective: Equatorial Guinean or Equatoguinean
Eritrea: noun: Eritrean(s)
adjective: Eritrean
Estonia: noun: Estonian(s)
adjective: Estonian
Ethiopia: noun: Ethiopian(s)
adjective: Ethiopian
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): noun: Falkland Islander(s)
adjective: Falkland Island
Faroe Islands: noun: Faroese (singular and plural)
adjective: Faroese
Fiji: noun: Fijian(s)
adjective: Fijian
Finland: noun: Finn(s)
adjective: Finnish
France: noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women)
adjective: French
French Guiana: noun: French Guianese (singular and plural)
adjective: French Guianese
French Polynesia: noun: French Polynesian(s)
adjective: French Polynesian
Gabon: noun: Gabonese (singular and plural)
adjective: Gabonese
Gambia, The: noun: Gambian(s)
adjective: Gambian
Gaza Strip: noun: NA
adjective: NA
Georgia: noun: Georgian(s)
adjective: Georgian
Germany: noun: German(s)
adjective: German
Ghana: noun: Ghanaian(s)
adjective: Ghanaian
Gibraltar: noun: Gibraltarian(s)
adjective: Gibraltar
Greece: noun: Greek(s)
adjective: Greek
Greenland: noun: Greenlander(s)
adjective: Greenlandic
Grenada: noun: Grenadian(s)
adjective: Grenadian
Guadeloupe: noun: Guadeloupian(s)
adjective: Guadeloupe
Guam: noun: Guamanian(s)
adjective: Guamanian
Guatemala: noun: Guatemalan(s)
adjective: Guatemalan
Guernsey: noun: Channel Islander(s)
adjective: Channel Islander
Guinea: noun: Guinean(s)
adjective: Guinean
Guinea-Bissau: noun: Guinean (s)
adjective: Guinean
Guyana: noun: Guyanese (singular and plural)
adjective: Guyanese
Haiti: noun: Haitian(s)
adjective: Haitian
Holy See (Vatican City): noun: none
adjective: none
Honduras: noun: Honduran(s)
adjective: Honduran
Hong Kong: noun: Chinese
adjective: Chinese
Hungary: noun: Hungarian(s)
adjective: Hungarian
Iceland: noun: Icelander(s)
adjective: Icelandic
India: noun: Indian(s)
adjective: Indian
Indonesia: noun: Indonesian(s)
adjective: Indonesian
Iran: noun: Iranian(s)
adjective: Iranian
Iraq: noun: Iraqi(s)
adjective: Iraqi
Ireland: noun: Irishman(men), Irishwoman(women), Irish (collective plural)
adjective: Irish
Israel: noun: Israeli(s)
adjective: Israeli
Italy: noun: Italian(s)
adjective: Italian
Jamaica: noun: Jamaican(s)
adjective: Jamaican
Japan: noun: Japanese (singular and plural)
adjective: Japanese
Jersey: noun: Channel Islander(s)
adjective: Channel Islander
Jordan: noun: Jordanian(s)
adjective: Jordanian
Kazakhstan: noun: Kazakhstani(s)
adjective: Kazakhstani
Kenya: noun: Kenyan(s)
adjective: Kenyan
Kiribati: noun: I-Kiribati (singular and plural)
adjective: I-Kiribati
Korea, North: noun: Korean(s)
adjective: Korean
Korea, South: noun: Korean(s)
adjective: Korean
Kuwait: noun: Kuwaiti(s)
adjective: Kuwaiti
Kyrgyzstan: noun: Kyrgyzstani(s)
adjective: Kyrgyzstani
Laos: noun: Lao(s) or Laotian(s)
adjective: Lao or Laotian
Latvia: noun: Latvian(s)
adjective: Latvian
Lebanon: noun: Lebanese (singular and plural)
adjective: Lebanese
Lesotho: noun: Mosotho (singular), Basotho (plural)
adjective: Basotho
Liberia: noun: Liberian(s)
adjective: Liberian
Libya: noun: Libyan(s)
adjective: Libyan
Liechtenstein: noun: Liechtensteiner(s)
adjective: Liechtenstein
Lithuania: noun: Lithuanian(s)
adjective: Lithuanian
Luxembourg: noun: Luxembourger(s)
adjective: Luxembourg
Macau: noun: Chinese
adjective: Chinese
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: noun: Macedonian(s)
adjective: Macedonian
Madagascar: noun: Malagasy (singular and plural)
adjective: Malagasy
Malawi: noun: Malawian(s)
adjective: Malawian
Malaysia: noun: Malaysian(s)
adjective: Malaysian
Maldives: noun: Maldivian(s)
adjective: Maldivian
Mali: noun: Malian(s)
adjective: Malian
Malta: noun: Maltese (singular and plural)
adjective: Maltese
Man, Isle of: noun: Manxman (men), Manxwoman (women)
adjective: Manx
Marshall Islands: noun: Marshallese (singular and plural)
adjective: Marshallese
Martinique: noun: Martiniquais (singular and plural)
adjective: Martiniquais
Mauritania: noun: Mauritanian(s)
adjective: Mauritanian
Mauritius: noun: Mauritian(s)
adjective: Mauritian
Mayotte: noun: Mahorais (singular and plural)
adjective: Mahoran
Mexico: noun: Mexican(s)
adjective: Mexican
Micronesia, Federated States of: noun: Micronesian(s)
adjective: Micronesian; Kosrae(s), Pohnpeian(s), Trukese, Yapese
Moldova: noun: Moldovan(s)
adjective: Moldovan
Monaco: noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)
adjective: Monegasque or Monacan
Mongolia: noun: Mongolian(s)
adjective: Mongolian
Montserrat: noun: Montserratian(s)
adjective: Montserratian
Morocco: noun: Moroccan(s)
adjective: Moroccan
Mozambique: noun: Mozambican(s)
adjective: Mozambican
Namibia: noun: Namibian(s)
adjective: Namibian
Nauru: noun: Nauruan(s)
adjective: Nauruan
Nepal: noun: Nepalese (singular and plural)
adjective: Nepalese
Netherlands: noun: Dutchman(men), Dutchwoman(women)
adjective: Dutch
Netherlands Antilles: noun: Dutch Antillean(s)
adjective: Dutch Antillean
New Caledonia: noun: New Caledonian(s)
adjective: New Caledonian
New Zealand: noun: New Zealander(s)
adjective: New Zealand
Nicaragua: noun: Nicaraguan(s)
adjective: Nicaraguan
Niger: noun: Nigerien(s)
adjective: Nigerien
Nigeria: noun: Nigerian(s)
adjective: Nigerian
Niue: noun: Niuean(s)
adjective: Niuean
Norfolk Island: noun: Norfolk Islander(s)
adjective: Norfolk Islander(s)
Northern Mariana Islands: noun: NA
adjective: NA
Norway: noun: Norwegian(s)
adjective: Norwegian
Oman: noun: Omani(s)
adjective: Omani
Pakistan: noun: Pakistani(s)
adjective: Pakistani
Palau: noun: Palauan(s)
adjective: Palauan
Panama: noun: Panamanian(s)
adjective: Panamanian
Papua New Guinea: noun: Papua New Guinean(s)
adjective: Papua New Guinean
Paraguay: noun: Paraguayan(s)
adjective: Paraguayan
Peru: noun: Peruvian(s)
adjective: Peruvian
Philippines: noun: Filipino(s)
adjective: Philippine
Pitcairn Islands: noun: Pitcairn Islander(s)
adjective: Pitcairn Islander
Poland: noun: Pole(s)
adjective: Polish
Portugal: noun: Portuguese (singular and plural)
adjective: Portuguese
Puerto Rico: noun: Puerto Rican(s) (US citizens)
adjective: Puerto Rican
Qatar: noun: Qatari(s)
adjective: Qatari
Reunion: noun: Reunionese (singular and plural)
adjective: Reunionese
Romania: noun: Romanian(s)
adjective: Romanian
Russia: noun: Russian(s)
adjective: Russian
Rwanda: noun: Rwandan(s)
adjective: Rwandan
Saint Helena: noun: Saint Helenian(s)
adjective: Saint Helenian
Saint Kitts and Nevis: noun: Kittitian(s), Nevisian(s)
adjective: Kittitian, Nevisian
Saint Lucia: noun: Saint Lucian(s)
adjective: Saint Lucian
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women)
adjective: French
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: noun: Saint Vincentian(s) or Vincentian(s)
adjective: Saint Vincentian or Vincentian
Samoa: noun: Samoan(s)
adjective: Samoan
San Marino: noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural)
adjective: Sammarinese
Sao Tome and Principe: noun: Sao Tomean(s)
adjective: Sao Tomean
Saudi Arabia: noun: Saudi(s)
adjective: Saudi or Saudi Arabian
Senegal: noun: Senegalese (singular and plural)
adjective: Senegalese
Seychelles: noun: Seychellois (singular and plural)
adjective: Seychelles
Sierra Leone: noun: Sierra Leonean(s)
adjective: Sierra Leonean
Singapore: noun: Singaporean(s)
adjective: Singapore
Slovakia: noun: Slovak(s)
adjective: Slovak
Slovenia: noun: Slovene(s)
adjective: Slovenian
Solomon Islands: noun: Solomon Islander(s)
adjective: Solomon Islander
Somalia: noun: Somali(s)
adjective: Somali
South Africa: noun: South African(s)
adjective: South African
Spain: noun: Spaniard(s)
adjective: Spanish
Sri Lanka: noun: Sri Lankan(s)
adjective: Sri Lankan
Sudan: noun: Sudanese (singular and plural)
adjective: Sudanese
Suriname: noun: Surinamer(s)
adjective: Surinamese
Swaziland: noun: Swazi(s)
adjective: Swazi
Sweden: noun: Swede(s)
adjective: Swedish
Switzerland: noun: Swiss (singular and plural)
adjective: Swiss
Syria: noun: Syrian(s)
adjective: Syrian
Tajikistan: noun: Tajikistani(s)
adjective: Tajikistani
Tanzania: noun: Tanzanian(s)
adjective: Tanzanian
Thailand: noun: Thai (singular and plural)
adjective: Thai
Togo: noun: Togolese (singular and plural)
adjective: Togolese
Tokelau: noun: Tokelauan(s)
adjective: Tokelauan
Tonga: noun: Tongan(s)
adjective: Tongan
Trinidad and Tobago: noun: Trinidadian(s), Tobagonian(s)
adjective: Trinidadian, Tobagonian
Tunisia: noun: Tunisian(s)
adjective: Tunisian
Turkey: noun: Turk(s)
adjective: Turkish
Turkmenistan: noun: Turkmen(s)
adjective: Turkmen
Turks and Caicos Islands: noun: none
adjective: none
Tuvalu: noun: Tuvaluan(s)
adjective: Tuvaluan
Uganda: noun: Ugandan(s)
adjective: Ugandan
Ukraine: noun: Ukrainian(s)
adjective: Ukrainian
United Arab Emirates: noun: Emirati(s)
adjective: Emirati
United Kingdom: noun: Briton(s), British (collective plural)
adjective: British
United States: noun: American(s)
adjective: American
Uruguay: noun: Uruguayan(s)
adjective: Uruguayan
Uzbekistan: noun: Uzbekistani(s)
adjective: Uzbekistani
Vanuatu: noun: Ni-Vanuatu (singular and plural)
adjective: Ni-Vanuatu
Venezuela: noun: Venezuelan(s)
adjective: Venezuelan
Vietnam: noun: Vietnamese (singular and plural)
adjective: Vietnamese
Virgin Islands: noun: Virgin Islander(s)
adjective: Virgin Islander
Wallis and Futuna: noun: Wallisian(s), Futunan(s), or Wallis and Futuna Islanders
adjective: Wallisian, Futunan, or Wallis and Futuna Islander
West Bank: noun: NA
adjective: NA
Western Sahara: noun: Sahrawi(s), Sahraoui(s)
adjective: Sahrawian, Sahraouian
Yemen: noun: Yemeni(s)
adjective: Yemeni
Yugoslavia: noun: Serb(s); Montenegrin(s)
adjective: Serbian; Montenegrin
Zambia: noun: Zambian(s)
adjective: Zambian
Zimbabwe: noun: Zimbabwean(s)
adjective: Zimbabwean
Taiwan: noun: Chinese (singular and plural)
adjective: Chinese
======================================================================
@Natural hazards
Afghanistan: damaging earthquakes occur in Hindu Kush mountains; flooding; droughts
Albania: destructive earthquakes; tsunamis occur along southwestern coast; drought
Algeria: mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mud slides
American Samoa: typhoons common from December to March
Andorra: snowslides, avalanches
Angola: locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau
Anguilla: frequent hurricanes and other tropical storms (July to October)
Antarctica: katabatic (gravity-driven) winds blow coastward from the high interior; frequent blizzards form near the foot of the plateau; cyclonic storms form over the ocean and move clockwise along the coast; volcanism on Deception Island and isolated areas of West Antarctica; other seismic activity rare and weak; large icebergs may calve from ice shelf
Antigua and Barbuda: hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October); periodic droughts
Arctic Ocean: ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May
Argentina: San Miguel de Tucuman and Mendoza areas in the Andes subject to earthquakes; pamperos are violent windstorms that can strike the Pampas and northeast; heavy flooding
Armenia: occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts
Aruba: lies outside the Caribbean hurricane belt
Ashmore and Cartier Islands: surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards
Atlantic Ocean: icebergs common in Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, and the northwestern Atlantic Ocean from February to August and have been spotted as far south as Bermuda and the Madeira Islands; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme northern Atlantic from October to May; persistent fog can be a maritime hazard from May to September; hurricanes (May to December)
Australia: cyclones along the coast; severe droughts
Austria: NA
Azerbaijan: droughts; some lowland areas threatened by rising levels of the Caspian Sea
Bahamas, The: hurricanes and other tropical storms that cause extensive flood and wind damage
Bahrain: periodic droughts; dust storms
Baker Island: the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard
Bangladesh: droughts, cyclones; much of the country routinely inundated during the summer monsoon season
Barbados: infrequent hurricanes; periodic landslides
Bassas da India: maritime hazard since it is usually under water during high tide and surrounded by reefs; subject to periodic cyclones
Belarus: NA
Belgium: flooding is a threat in areas of reclaimed coastal land, protected from the sea by concrete dikes
Belize: frequent, devastating hurricanes (September to December) and coastal flooding (especially in south)
Benin: hot, dry, dusty harmattan wind may affect north in winter
Bermuda: hurricanes (June to November)
Bhutan: violent storms coming down from the Himalayas are the source of the country's name which translates as Land of the Thunder Dragon; frequent landslides during the rainy season
Bolivia: flooding in the northeast (March-April)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: destructive earthquakes
Botswana: periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility
Bouvet Island: NA
Brazil: recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost in south
British Indian Ocean Territory: NA
British Virgin Islands: hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October)
Brunei: typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are very rare
Bulgaria: earthquakes, landslides
Burkina Faso: recurring droughts
Burma: destructive earthquakes and cyclones; flooding and landslides common during rainy season (June to September); periodic droughts
Burundi: flooding, landslides, drought
Cambodia: monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts
Cameroon: recent volcanic activity with release of poisonous gases
Canada: continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow
Cape Verde: prolonged droughts; harmattan wind can obscure visibility; volcanically and seismically active
Cayman Islands: hurricanes (July to November)
Central African Republic: hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds affect northern areas; floods are common
Chad: hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues
Chile: severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis
China: frequent typhoons (about five per year along southern and eastern coasts); damaging floods; tsunamis; earthquakes; droughts
Christmas Island: the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard
Clipperton Island: NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: cyclones may occur in the early months of the year
Colombia: highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughts
Comoros: cyclones possible during rainy season (December to April); Le Kartala on Grand Comore is an active volcano
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: periodic droughts in south; volcanic activity
Congo, Republic of the: seasonal flooding
Cook Islands: typhoons (November to March)
Coral Sea Islands: occasional tropical cyclones
Costa Rica: occasional earthquakes, hurricanes along Atlantic coast; frequent flooding of lowlands at onset of rainy season and landslides; active volcanoes
Cote d'Ivoire: coast has heavy surf and no natural harbors; during the rainy season torrential flooding is possible
Croatia: destructive earthquakes
Cuba: the east coast is subject to hurricanes from August to October (in general, the country averages about one hurricane every other year); droughts are common
Cyprus: moderate earthquake activity; droughts
Czech Republic: flooding
Denmark: flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes
Djibouti: earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods
Dominica: flash floods are a constant threat; destructive hurricanes can be expected during the late summer months
Dominican Republic: lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding; periodic droughts
Ecuador: frequent earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity; periodic droughts
Egypt: periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes, flash floods, landslides, volcanic activity; hot, driving windstorm called khamsin occurs in spring; dust storms, sandstorms
El Salvador: known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes very destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity
Equatorial Guinea: violent windstorms, flash floods
Eritrea: frequent droughts; locust swarms
Estonia: flooding occurs frequently in the spring
Ethiopia: geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts
Europa Island: NA
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): strong winds persist throughout the year
Faroe Islands: NA
Fiji: cyclonic storms can occur from November to January
Finland: NA
France: flooding; avalanches
French Guiana: high frequency of heavy showers and severe thunderstorms; flooding
French Polynesia: occasional cyclonic storms in January
French Southern and Antarctic Lands: Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul are extinct volcanoes
Gabon: NA
Gambia, The: drought (rainfall has dropped by 30% in the last 30 years)
Gaza Strip: droughts
Georgia: earthquakes
Germany: flooding
Ghana: dry, dusty, harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts
Gibraltar: NA
Glorioso Islands: periodic cyclones
Greece: severe earthquakes
Greenland: continuous permafrost over northern two-thirds of the island
Grenada: lies on edge of hurricane belt; hurricane season lasts from June to November
Guadeloupe: hurricanes (June to October); Soufriere is an active volcano
Guam: frequent squalls during rainy season; relatively rare, but potentially very destructive typhoons (especially in August)
Guatemala: numerous volcanoes in mountains, with occasional violent earthquakes; Caribbean coast subject to hurricanes and other tropical storms
Guernsey: NA
Guinea: hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season
Guinea-Bissau: hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season; brush fires
Guyana: flash floods are a constant threat during rainy seasons
Haiti: lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts
Heard Island and McDonald Islands: Heard Island is dominated by a dormant volcano called Big Ben
Holy See (Vatican City): NA
Honduras: frequent, but generally mild, earthquakes; damaging hurricanes and floods along Caribbean coast
Hong Kong: occasional typhoons
Howland Island: the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard
Iceland: earthquakes and volcanic activity
India: droughts, flash floods, severe thunderstorms common; earthquakes
Indian Ocean: occasional icebergs pose navigational hazard in southern reaches
Indonesia: occasional floods, severe droughts, tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes
Iran: periodic droughts, floods; dust storms, sandstorms; earthquakes along western border and in the northeast
Iraq: dust storms, sandstorms, floods
Ireland: NA
Israel: sandstorms may occur during spring and summer; droughts
Italy: regional risks include landslides, mudflows, avalanches, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding; land subsidence in Venice
Jamaica: hurricanes (especially July to November)
Jan Mayen: dominated by the volcano Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg; volcanic activity resumed in 1970
Japan: many dormant and some active volcanoes; about 1,500 seismic occurrences (mostly tremors) every year; tsunamis; typhoons
Jarvis Island: the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard
Jersey: NA
Johnston Atoll: NA
Jordan: droughts
Juan de Nova Island: periodic cyclones
Kazakhstan: earthquakes in the south, mudslides around Almaty
Kenya: recurring drought in northern and eastern regions; flooding during rainy seasons
Kingman Reef: wet or awash most of the time, maximum elevation of about 1 meter makes Kingman Reef a maritime hazard
Kiribati: typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March; occasional tornadoes; low level of some of the islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level
Korea, North: late spring droughts often followed by severe flooding; occasional typhoons during the early fall
Korea, South: occasional typhoons bring high winds and floods; low-level seismic activity common in southwest
Kuwait: sudden cloudbursts are common from October to April; they bring inordinate amounts of rain which can damage roads and houses; sandstorms and dust storms occur throughout the year, but are most common between March and August
Kyrgyzstan: NA
Laos: floods, droughts, and blight
Latvia: NA
Lebanon: dust storms, sandstorms
Lesotho: periodic droughts
Liberia: dust-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to March)
Libya: hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms
Liechtenstein: NA
Lithuania: NA
Luxembourg: NA
Macau: typhoons
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: high seismic risks
Madagascar: periodic cyclones
Malawi: NA
Malaysia: flooding, landslides
Maldives: low level of islands makes them very sensitive to sea level rise
Mali: hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts
Malta: NA
Man, Isle of: NA
Marshall Islands: occasional typhoons
Martinique: hurricanes, flooding, and volcanic activity (an average of one major natural disaster every five years)
Mauritania: hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind blows primarily in March and April; periodic droughts
Mauritius: cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards
Mayotte: cyclones during rainy season
Mexico: tsunamis along the Pacific coast, volcanoes and destructive earthquakes in the center and south, and hurricanes on the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean coasts
Micronesia, Federated States of: typhoons (June to December)
Midway Islands: NA
Moldova: landslides (57 cases in 1998)
Monaco: NA
Mongolia: dust and snow storms, grassland and forest fires, drought and "zud", which is a combination of drought followed by harsh winter conditions
Montserrat: severe hurricanes (June to November); volcanic eruptions (full-scale eruptions of the Soufriere Hills volcano occurred during 1996-97)
Morocco: northern mountains geologically unstable and subject to earthquakes; periodic droughts
Mozambique: severe droughts and floods occur in central and southern provinces; devastating cyclones
Namibia: prolonged periods of drought
Nauru: periodic droughts
Navassa Island: NA
Nepal: severe thunderstorms, flooding, landslides, drought, and famine depending on the timing, intensity, and duration of the summer monsoons
Netherlands: flooding
Netherlands Antilles: Curacao and Bonaire are south of Caribbean hurricane belt and are rarely threatened; Sint Maarten, Saba, and Sint Eustatius are subject to hurricanes from July to October
New Caledonia: cyclones, most frequent from November to March
New Zealand: earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity
Nicaragua: destructive earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, and occasionally severe hurricanes
Niger: recurring droughts
Nigeria: periodic droughts
Niue: typhoons
Norfolk Island: typhoons (especially May to July)
Northern Mariana Islands: active volcanoes on Pagan and Agrihan; typhoons (especially August to November)
Norway: rockslides, avalanches
Oman: summer winds often raise large sandstorms and dust storms in interior; periodic droughts
Pacific Ocean: surrounded by a zone of violent volcanic and earthquake activity sometimes referred to as the "Pacific Ring of Fire"; subject to tropical cyclones (typhoons) in southeast and east Asia from May to December (most frequent from July to October); tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico and strike Central America and Mexico from June to October (most common in August and September); cyclical El Nino/La Nina phenomenon occurs in the equatorial Pacific, influencing weather in the Western Hemisphere and the western Pacific; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme north from October to May; persistent fog in the northern Pacific can be a maritime hazard from June to December
Pakistan: frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August)
Palau: typhoons (June to December)
Palmyra Atoll: NA
Panama: NA
Papua New Guinea: active volcanism; situated along the Pacific "Rim of Fire"; the country is subject to frequent and sometimes severe earthquakes; mud slides; tsunamis
Paracel Islands: typhoons
Paraguay: local flooding in southeast (early September to June); poorly drained plains may become boggy (early October to June)
Peru: earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity
Philippines: astride typhoon belt, usually affected by 15 and struck by five to six cyclonic storms per year; landslides; active volcanoes; destructive earthquakes; tsunamis
Pitcairn Islands: typhoons (especially November to March)
Poland: NA
Portugal: Azores subject to severe earthquakes
Puerto Rico: periodic droughts; hurricanes
Qatar: haze, dust storms, sandstorms common
Reunion: periodic, devastating cyclones (December to April); Piton de la Fournaise on the southeastern coast is an active volcano
Romania: earthquakes most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides
Russia: permafrost over much of Siberia is a major impediment to development; volcanic activity in the Kuril Islands; volcanoes and earthquakes on the Kamchatka Peninsula
Rwanda: periodic droughts; the volcanic Virunga mountains are in the northwest along the border with Democratic Republic of the Congo
Saint Helena: active volcanism on Tristan da Cunha
Saint Kitts and Nevis: hurricanes (July to October)
Saint Lucia: hurricanes and volcanic activity
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: hurricanes; Soufriere volcano on the island of Saint Vincent is a constant threat
Samoa: occasional typhoons; active volcanism
San Marino: NA
Sao Tome and Principe: NA
Saudi Arabia: frequent sand and dust storms
Senegal: lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts
Seychelles: lies outside the cyclone belt, so severe storms are rare; short droughts possible
Sierra Leone: dry, sand-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to February); sandstorms, dust storms
Singapore: NA
Slovakia: NA
Slovenia: flooding and earthquakes
Solomon Islands: typhoons, but they are rarely destructive; geologically active region with frequent earth tremors; volcanic activity
Somalia: recurring droughts; frequent dust storms over eastern plains in summer; floods during rainy season
South Africa: prolonged droughts
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands: the South Sandwich Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active volcanism
Southern Ocean: huge icebergs with drafts up to several hundred meters; smaller bergs and iceberg fragments; sea ice (generally 0.5 to 1 meter thick) with sometimes dynamic short-term variations and with large annual and interannual variations; deep continental shelf floored by glacial deposits varying widely over short distances; high winds and large waves much of the year; ship icing, especially May-October; most of region is remote from sources of search and rescue
Spain: periodic droughts
Spratly Islands: typhoons; serious maritime hazard because of numerous reefs and shoals
Sri Lanka: occasional cyclones and tornadoes
Sudan: dust storms
Suriname: NA
Svalbard: ice floes often block up the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic
Swaziland: NA
Sweden: ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic
Switzerland: avalanches, landslides, flash floods
Syria: dust storms, sandstorms
Tajikistan: NA
Tanzania: flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought
Thailand: land subsidence in Bangkok area resulting from the depletion of the water table; droughts
Togo: hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts
Tokelau: lies in Pacific typhoon belt
Tonga: cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou
Trinidad and Tobago: outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms
Tromelin Island: NA
Tunisia: NA
Turkey: very severe earthquakes, especially in northern Turkey, along an arc extending from the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van
Turkmenistan: NA
Turks and Caicos Islands: frequent hurricanes
Tuvalu: severe tropical storms are usually rare, but, in 1997, there were three cyclones; low level of islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level
Uganda: NA
Ukraine: NA
United Arab Emirates: frequent sand and dust storms
United Kingdom: NA
United States: tsunamis, volcanoes, and earthquake activity around Pacific Basin; hurricanes along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts; tornadoes in the midwest and southeast; mud slides in California; forest fires in the west; flooding; permafrost in northern Alaska, a major impediment to development
Uruguay: seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind which blows north from the Argentine pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes in weather fronts
Uzbekistan: NA
Vanuatu: tropical cyclones or typhoons (January to April); volcanism causes minor earthquakes
Venezuela: subject to floods, rockslides, mudslides; periodic droughts
Vietnam: occasional typhoons (May to January) with extensive flooding
Virgin Islands: several hurricanes in recent years; frequent and severe droughts and floods; occasional earthquakes
Wake Island: occasional typhoons
Wallis and Futuna: NA
West Bank: droughts
Western Sahara: hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur during winter and spring; widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of time, often severely restricting visibility
World: large areas subject to severe weather (tropical cyclones), natural disasters (earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions)
Yemen: sandstorms and dust storms in summer
Yugoslavia: destructive earthquakes
Zambia: tropical storms (November to April)
Zimbabwe: recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare
Taiwan: earthquakes and typhoons
======================================================================
@Natural resources
Afghanistan: natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, chromite, talc, barites, sulfur, lead, zinc, iron ore, salt, precious and semiprecious stones
Albania: petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, timber, nickel, hydropower
Algeria: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc
American Samoa: pumice, pumicite
Andorra: hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead
Angola: petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium
Anguilla: salt, fish, lobster
Antarctica: iron ore, chromium, copper, gold, nickel, platinum and other minerals, and coal and hydrocarbons have been found in small uncommercial quantities; none presently exploited; krill, finfish, and crab have been taken by commercial fisheries
Antigua and Barbuda: NEGL; pleasant climate fosters tourism
Arctic Ocean: sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales)
Argentina: fertile plains of the Pampas, lead, zinc, tin, copper, iron ore, manganese, petroleum, uranium
Armenia: small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, alumina
Aruba: NEGL; white sandy beaches
Ashmore and Cartier Islands: fish
Atlantic Ocean: oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales), sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, precious stones
Australia: bauxite, coal, iron ore, copper, tin, silver, uranium, nickel, tungsten, mineral sands, lead, zinc, diamonds, natural gas, petroleum
Austria: iron ore, oil, timber, magnesite, lead, coal, lignite, copper, hydropower
Azerbaijan: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nonferrous metals, alumina
Bahamas, The: salt, aragonite, timber, arable land
Bahrain: oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish, pearls
Baker Island: guano (deposits worked until 1891), terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
Bangladesh: natural gas, arable land, timber, coal
Barbados: petroleum, fish, natural gas
Bassas da India: none
Belarus: forests, peat deposits, small quantities of oil and natural gas
Belgium: coal, natural gas
Belize: arable land potential, timber, fish, hydropower
Benin: small offshore oil deposits, limestone, marble, timber
Bermuda: limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism
Bhutan: timber, hydropower, gypsum, calcium carbide
Bolivia: tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten, antimony, silver, iron, lead, gold, timber, hydropower
Bosnia and Herzegovina: coal, iron, bauxite, manganese, forests, copper, chromium, lead, zinc, hydropower
Botswana: diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver
Bouvet Island: none
Brazil: bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, platinum, tin, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, timber
British Indian Ocean Territory: coconuts, fish, sugarcane
British Virgin Islands: NEGL
Brunei: petroleum, natural gas, timber
Bulgaria: bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land
Burkina Faso: manganese, limestone, marble; small deposits of gold, antimony, copper, nickel, bauxite, lead, phosphates, zinc, silver
Burma: petroleum, timber, tin, antimony, zinc, copper, tungsten, lead, coal, some marble, limestone, precious stones, natural gas, hydropower
Burundi: nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum (not yet exploited), vanadium, arable land, hydropower
Cambodia: timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential
Cameroon: petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower
Canada: iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, potash, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydropower
Cape Verde: salt, basalt rock, pozzuolana (a siliceous volcanic ash used to produce hydraulic cement), limestone, kaolin, fish
Cayman Islands: fish, climate and beaches that foster tourism
Central African Republic: diamonds, uranium, timber, gold, oil, hydropower
Chad: petroleum (unexploited but exploration under way), uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad)
Chile: copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals, molybdenum, hydropower
China: coal, iron ore, petroleum, natural gas, mercury, tin, tungsten, antimony, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, magnetite, aluminum, lead, zinc, uranium, hydropower potential (world's largest)
Christmas Island: phosphate
Clipperton Island: fish
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: fish
Colombia: petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds, hydropower
Comoros: NEGL
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: cobalt, copper, cadmium, petroleum, industrial and gem diamonds, gold, silver, zinc, manganese, tin, germanium, uranium, radium, bauxite, iron ore, coal, hydropower, timber
Congo, Republic of the: petroleum, timber, potash, lead, zinc, uranium, copper, phosphates, natural gas, hydropower
Cook Islands: NEGL
Coral Sea Islands: NEGL
Costa Rica: hydropower
Cote d'Ivoire: petroleum, natural gas, diamonds, manganese, iron ore, cobalt, bauxite, copper, hydropower
Croatia: oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower
Cuba: cobalt, nickel, iron ore, copper, manganese, salt, timber, silica, petroleum, arable land
Cyprus: copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt, marble, clay earth pigment
Czech Republic: hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber
Denmark: petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone, stone, gravel and sand
Djibouti: geothermal areas
Dominica: timber, hydropower, arable land
Dominican Republic: nickel, bauxite, gold, silver
Ecuador: petroleum, fish, timber, hydropower
Egypt: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, manganese, limestone, gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead, zinc
El Salvador: hydropower, geothermal power, petroleum, arable land
Equatorial Guinea: oil, petroleum, timber, small unexploited deposits of gold, manganese, uranium
Eritrea: gold, potash, zinc, copper, salt, possibly oil and natural gas, fish
Estonia: shale oil (kukersite), peat, phosphorite, amber, cambrian blue clay, limestone, dolomite, arable land
Ethiopia: small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas, hydropower
Europa Island: NEGL
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): fish, wildlife
Faroe Islands: fish, whales, hydropower
Fiji: timber, fish, gold, copper, offshore oil potential, hydropower
Finland: timber, copper, zinc, iron ore, silver
France: coal, iron ore, bauxite, zinc, potash, timber, fish
French Guiana: bauxite, timber, gold (widely scattered), cinnabar, kaolin, fish
French Polynesia: timber, fish, cobalt, hydropower
French Southern and Antarctic Lands: fish, crayfish
Gabon: petroleum, manganese, uranium, gold, timber, iron ore, hydropower
Gambia, The: fish
Gaza Strip: arable land, natural gas
Georgia: forests, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper, minor coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for important tea and citrus growth
Germany: iron ore, coal, potash, timber, lignite, uranium, copper, natural gas, salt, nickel, arable land
Ghana: gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower
Gibraltar: NEGL
Glorioso Islands: guano, coconuts
Greece: bauxite, lignite, magnesite, petroleum, marble, hydropower potential
Greenland: zinc, lead, iron ore, coal, molybdenum, gold, platinum, uranium, fish, seals, whales, hydropower, possible oil and gas
Grenada: timber, tropical fruit, deepwater harbors
Guadeloupe: cultivable land, beaches and climate that foster tourism
Guam: fishing (largely undeveloped), tourism (especially from Japan)
Guatemala: petroleum, nickel, rare woods, fish, chicle, hydropower
Guernsey: cropland
Guinea: bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydropower, fish
Guinea-Bissau: fish, timber, phosphates, bauxite, unexploited deposits of petroleum
Guyana: bauxite, gold, diamonds, hardwood timber, shrimp, fish
Haiti: bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower
Heard Island and McDonald Islands: none
Holy See (Vatican City): none
Honduras: timber, gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, iron ore, antimony, coal, fish, hydropower
Hong Kong: outstanding deepwater harbor, feldspar
Howland Island: guano (deposits worked until late 1800s), terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
Hungary: bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land
Iceland: fish, hydropower, geothermal power, diatomite
India: coal (fourth-largest reserves in the world), iron ore, manganese, mica, bauxite, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum, limestone, arable land
Indian Ocean: oil and gas fields, fish, shrimp, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules
Indonesia: petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver
Iran: petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, iron ore, lead, manganese, zinc, sulfur
Iraq: petroleum, natural gas, phosphates, sulfur
Ireland: zinc, lead, natural gas, barite, copper, gypsum, limestone, dolomite, peat, silver
Israel: timber, potash, copper ore, natural gas, phosphate rock, magnesium bromide, clays, sand, oil
Italy: mercury, potash, marble, sulfur, natural gas and crude oil reserves, fish, coal, arable land
Jamaica: bauxite, gypsum, limestone
Jan Mayen: none
Japan: negligible mineral resources, fish
Jarvis Island: guano (deposits worked until late 1800s), terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
Jersey: arable land
Johnston Atoll: guano deposits worked until depletion about 1890, terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
Jordan: phosphates, potash, shale oil
Juan de Nova Island: guano deposits and other fertilizers
Kazakhstan: major deposits of petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, manganese, chrome ore, nickel, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, lead, zinc, bauxite, gold, uranium
Kenya: gold, limestone, soda ash, salt barites, rubies, fluorspar, garnets, wildlife, hydropower
Kingman Reef: terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
Kiribati: phosphate (production discontinued in 1979)
Korea, North: coal, lead, tungsten, zinc, graphite, magnesite, iron ore, copper, gold, pyrites, salt, fluorspar, hydropower
Korea, South: coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, lead, hydropower potential
Kuwait: petroleum, fish, shrimp, natural gas
Kyrgyzstan: abundant hydropower; significant deposits of gold and rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc
Laos: timber, hydropower, gypsum, tin, gold, gemstones
Latvia: minimal; amber, peat, limestone, dolomite, hydropower, arable land
Lebanon: limestone, iron ore, salt, water-surplus state in a water-deficit region, arable land
Lesotho: water, agricultural and grazing land, some diamonds and other minerals
Liberia: iron ore, timber, diamonds, gold, hydropower
Libya: petroleum, natural gas, gypsum
Liechtenstein: hydroelectric potential, arable land
Lithuania: peat, arable land
Luxembourg: iron ore (no longer exploited), arable land
Macau: NEGL
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: chromium, lead, zinc, manganese, tungsten, nickel, low-grade iron ore, asbestos, sulfur, timber, arable land
Madagascar: graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, salt, quartz, tar sands, semiprecious stones, mica, fish, hydropower
Malawi: limestone, arable land, hydropower, unexploited deposits of uranium, coal, and bauxite
Malaysia: tin, petroleum, timber, copper, iron ore, natural gas, bauxite
Maldives: fish
Mali: gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, hydropower
note: bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited
Malta: limestone, salt, arable land
Man, Isle of: none
Marshall Islands: phosphate deposits, marine products, deep seabed minerals
Martinique: coastal scenery and beaches, cultivable land
Mauritania: iron ore, gypsum, fish, copper, phosphate, diamonds, gold
Mauritius: arable land, fish
Mayotte: NEGL
Mexico: petroleum, silver, copper, gold, lead, zinc, natural gas, timber
Micronesia, Federated States of: forests, marine products, deep-seabed minerals
Midway Islands: wildlife, terrestrial and aquatic
Moldova: lignite, phosphorites, gypsum, arable land
Monaco: none
Mongolia: oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, wolfram, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron, phosphate
Montserrat: NEGL
Morocco: phosphates, iron ore, manganese, lead, zinc, fish, salt
Mozambique: coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite
Namibia: diamonds, copper, uranium, gold, lead, tin, lithium, cadmium, zinc, salt, vanadium, natural gas, hydropower, fish
note: suspected deposits of oil, coal, and iron ore
Nauru: phosphates
Navassa Island: guano
Nepal: quartz, water, timber, hydropower, scenic beauty, small deposits of lignite, copper, cobalt, iron ore
Netherlands: natural gas, petroleum, arable land
Netherlands Antilles: phosphates (Curacao only), salt (Bonaire only)
New Caledonia: nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese, silver, gold, lead, copper
New Zealand: natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone
Nicaragua: gold, silver, copper, tungsten, lead, zinc, timber, fish
Niger: uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, petroleum
Nigeria: natural gas, petroleum, tin, columbite, iron ore, coal, limestone, lead, zinc, arable land
Niue: fish, arable land
Norfolk Island: fish
Northern Mariana Islands: arable land, fish
Norway: petroleum, copper, natural gas, pyrites, nickel, iron ore, zinc, lead, fish, timber, hydropower
Oman: petroleum, copper, asbestos, some marble, limestone, chromium, gypsum, natural gas
Pacific Ocean: oil and gas fields, polymetallic nodules, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, fish
Pakistan: land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone
Palau: forests, minerals (especially gold), marine products, deep-seabed minerals
Palmyra Atoll: terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
Panama: copper, mahogany forests, shrimp, hydropower
Papua New Guinea: gold, copper, silver, natural gas, timber, oil, fisheries
Paracel Islands: none
Paraguay: hydropower, timber, iron ore, manganese, limestone
Peru: copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash, hydropower
Philippines: timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt, copper
Pitcairn Islands: miro trees (used for handicrafts), fish
note: manganese, iron, copper, gold, silver, and zinc have been discovered offshore
Poland: coal, sulfur, copper, natural gas, silver, lead, salt, arable land
Portugal: fish, forests (cork), tungsten, iron ore, uranium ore, marble, arable land, hydro power
Puerto Rico: some copper and nickel; potential for onshore and offshore oil
Qatar: petroleum, natural gas, fish
Reunion: fish, arable land, hydropower
Romania: petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower
Russia: wide natural resource base including major deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, and many strategic minerals, timber
note: formidable obstacles of climate, terrain, and distance hinder exploitation of natural resources
Rwanda: gold, cassiterite (tin ore), wolframite (tungsten ore), methane, hydropower, arable land
Saint Helena: fish
Saint Kitts and Nevis: arable land
Saint Lucia: forests, sandy beaches, minerals (pumice), mineral springs, geothermal potential
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: fish, deepwater ports
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: hydropower, cropland
Samoa: hardwood forests, fish, hydropower
San Marino: building stone
Sao Tome and Principe: fish, hydropower
Saudi Arabia: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, copper
Senegal: fish, phosphates, iron ore
Seychelles: fish, copra, cinnamon trees
Sierra Leone: diamonds, titanium ore, bauxite, iron ore, gold, chromite
Singapore: fish, deepwater ports
Slovakia: brown coal and lignite; small amounts of iron ore, copper and manganese ore; salt; arable land
Slovenia: lignite coal, lead, zinc, mercury, uranium, silver, hydropower
Solomon Islands: fish, forests, gold, bauxite, phosphates, lead, zinc, nickel
Somalia: uranium and largely unexploited reserves of iron ore, tin, gypsum, bauxite, copper, salt
South Africa: gold, chromium, antimony, coal, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, tin, uranium, gem diamonds, platinum, copper, vanadium, salt, natural gas
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands: fish
Southern Ocean: probable large and possible giant oil and gas fields on the continental margin, manganese nodules, possible placer deposits, sand and gravel, fresh water as icebergs, squid, whales, and seals - none exploited; krill, fishes
Spain: coal, lignite, iron ore, uranium, mercury, pyrites, fluorspar, gypsum, zinc, lead, tungsten, copper, kaolin, potash, hydropower, arable land
Spratly Islands: fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential
Sri Lanka: limestone, graphite, mineral sands, gems, phosphates, clay, hydropower
Sudan: petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold, hydropower
Suriname: timber, hydropower, fish, kaolin, shrimp, bauxite, gold, and small amounts of nickel, copper, platinum, iron ore
Svalbard: coal, copper, iron ore, phosphate, zinc, wildlife, fish
Swaziland: asbestos, coal, clay, cassiterite, hydropower, forests, small gold and diamond deposits, quarry stone, and talc
Sweden: zinc, iron ore, lead, copper, silver, timber, uranium, hydropower
Switzerland: hydropower potential, timber, salt
Syria: petroleum, phosphates, chrome and manganese ores, asphalt, iron ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum, hydropower
Tajikistan: hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold
Tanzania: hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel
Thailand: tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, timber, lead, fish, gypsum, lignite, fluorite, arable land
Togo: phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land
Tokelau: NEGL
Tonga: fish, fertile soil
Trinidad and Tobago: petroleum, natural gas, asphalt
Tromelin Island: fish
Tunisia: petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt
Turkey: antimony, coal, chromium, mercury, copper, borate, sulfur, iron ore, arable land, hydropower
Turkmenistan: petroleum, natural gas, coal, sulfur, salt
Turks and Caicos Islands: spiny lobster, conch
Tuvalu: fish
Uganda: copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, arable land
Ukraine: iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber, arable land
United Arab Emirates: petroleum, natural gas
United Kingdom: coal, petroleum, natural gas, tin, limestone, iron ore, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, lead, silica, arable land
United States: coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber
Uruguay: arable land, hydropower, minor minerals, fisheries
Uzbekistan: natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum
Vanuatu: manganese, hardwood forests, fish
Venezuela: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, bauxite, other minerals, hydropower, diamonds
Vietnam: phosphates, coal, manganese, bauxite, chromate, offshore oil and gas deposits, forests, hydropower
Virgin Islands: sun, sand, sea, surf
Wake Island: none
Wallis and Futuna: NEGL
West Bank: arable land
Western Sahara: phosphates, iron ore
World: the rapid using up of nonrenewable mineral resources, the depletion of forest areas and wetlands, the extinction of animal and plant species, and the deterioration in air and water quality (especially in Eastern Europe, the former USSR, and China) pose serious long-term problems that governments and peoples are only beginning to address
Yemen: petroleum, fish, rock salt, marble, small deposits of coal, gold, lead, nickel, and copper, fertile soil in west
Yugoslavia: oil, gas, coal, antimony, copper, lead, zinc, nickel, gold, pyrite, chrome, hydropower, arable land
Zambia: copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium, hydropower
Zimbabwe: coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore, vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals
Taiwan: small deposits of coal, natural gas, limestone, marble, and asbestos
======================================================================
@Net migration rate
Afghanistan: 11.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Albania: -3.69 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Algeria: -0.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
American Samoa: 3.58 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Andorra: 6.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Angola: -0.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Anguilla: 17.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda: -6.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Argentina: 0.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Armenia: -3.87 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Aruba: NEGL
Australia: 4.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Austria: 2.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Azerbaijan: -5.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Bahamas, The: -2.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Bahrain: 1.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Bangladesh: -0.76 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Barbados: -0.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Belarus: 2.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Belgium: 0.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Belize: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Benin: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Bermuda: 2.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Bhutan: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Bolivia: -1.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: 8.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Botswana: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Brazil: -0.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
British Virgin Islands: 11.39 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Brunei: 4.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Bulgaria: -4.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Burkina Faso: -0.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Burma: -1.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Burundi: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Cambodia: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Cameroon: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Canada: 6.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Cape Verde: -12.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Cayman Islands: 12.58 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
note: major destination for Cubans trying to migrate to the US
Central African Republic: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Chad: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Chile: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
China: -0.39 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Christmas Island: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Colombia: -0.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Comoros: NEGL migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: 0.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
note: one million refugees fled into Zaire (now called the Democratic Republic of the Congo or DROC) in 1994 to escape the fighting between the Hutus and the Tutsis; fighting in the DROC between rebels and government forces in October 1996 caused 875,000 refugees to return to Rwanda in late 1996 and early 1997; an additional 173,000 Rwandan refugees disappeared in early 1997 and are assumed to have been killed by Zairian forces; fighting between the Congolese government and Uganda- and Rwanda-backed Congolese rebels spawned a regional war in DROC in August 1998, which left 1.8 million Congolese displaced in DROC and caused 300,000 Congolese refugees to flee to surrounding countries
Congo, Republic of the: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Costa Rica: 0.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire: 1.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
note: after Liberia's civil war started in 1990, more than 350,000 refugees fled to Cote d'Ivoire; by the end of 1999 most Liberian refugees were assumed to have returned
Croatia: 13.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Cuba: -1.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Cyprus: 0.44 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Czech Republic: 0.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Denmark: 1.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Djibouti: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Dominica: -20.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Dominican Republic: -3.81 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Ecuador: -0.55 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Egypt: -0.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
El Salvador: -3.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Equatorial Guinea: NEGL migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Eritrea: 7.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
note: according to the UNHCR, about 150,000 Eritrean refugees in Sudan have registered for voluntary repatriation, following the restoration of diplomatic relations between Eritrea and Sudan in January 2000
Estonia: -0.76 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Ethiopia: 0.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
note: repatriation of Ethiopians who fled to Sudan for refuge from war and famine in earlier years is expected to continue for several years; small numbers of Sudanese and Somali refugees, who fled to Ethiopia from the fighting or famine in their own countries, continue to return to their homes
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Faroe Islands: 2.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Fiji: -3.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Finland: 0.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
France: 0.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
French Guiana: 10.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
French Polynesia: 3.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Gabon: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Gambia, The: 2.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Gaza Strip: 1.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Georgia: -2.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Germany: 4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Ghana: -0.83 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Gibraltar: NEGL migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Greece: 1.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Greenland: -8.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Grenada: -15.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Guadeloupe: -0.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Guam: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Guatemala: -1.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Guernsey: 3.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Guinea: -2.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
note: as a result of civil war in neighboring countries, Guinea is host to almost half a million Liberian and Sierra Leonean refugees
Guinea-Bissau: -1.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Guyana: -8.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Haiti: -2.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Honduras: -2.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Hong Kong: 7.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Hungary: 0.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Iceland: -2.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
India: -0.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Indonesia: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Iran: -4.51 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Iraq: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Ireland: 4.69 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Israel: 2.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Italy: 1.73 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Jamaica: -7.52 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Japan: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Jersey: 2.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Jordan: 7.18 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Kazakhstan: -6.43 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Kenya: -1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
note: according to UNHCR, by the end of 1999 Kenya was host to 223,700 refugees from neighboring countries, including: Somalia 141,000 and Sudan 64,250
Kiribati: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Korea, North: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Korea, South: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Kuwait: 14.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Kyrgyzstan: -2.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Laos: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Latvia: -1.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Lebanon: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Lesotho: -0.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Liberia: -11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
note: by the end of 1999, all Liberian refugees, who had fled the domestic strife, were assumed to have returned
Libya: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Liechtenstein: 4.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Lithuania: 0.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Luxembourg: 9.26 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Macau: 9.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: -1.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Madagascar: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Malawi: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Malaysia: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
note: does not reflect net flow of an unknown number of illegal immigrants from other countries in the region
Maldives: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Mali: -0.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Malta: 2.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Man, Isle of: 5.44 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Marshall Islands: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Martinique: -0.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Mauritania: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Mauritius: -0.92 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Mayotte: 10.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Mexico: -2.77 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Moldova: -0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Monaco: 7.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Mongolia: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Montserrat: 123.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Morocco: -1.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Mozambique: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Namibia: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Nauru: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Nepal: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Netherlands: 2.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Netherlands Antilles: -0.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
New Caledonia: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
New Zealand: 4.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Nicaragua: -1.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Niger: -0.73 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Nigeria: 0.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Niue: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Norfolk Island: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Northern Mariana Islands: 18 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Norway: 2.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Oman: 0.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pakistan: -0.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Palau: 4.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Panama: -1.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Papua New Guinea: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Paraguay: -0.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Peru: -1.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Philippines: -1.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pitcairn Islands: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Poland: -0.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Portugal: 0.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Puerto Rico: -2.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Qatar: 20.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Reunion: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Romania: -0.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Russia: 0.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Rwanda: -1.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Saint Helena: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis: -10.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Saint Lucia: -4.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: -4.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: -7.72 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Samoa: -11.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
San Marino: 11.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe: -3.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Saudi Arabia: 1.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Senegal: 0.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Seychelles: -6.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Sierra Leone: 10.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
note: by the end of 1999 refugees from Sierra Leone are assumed to be returning
Singapore: 26.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Slovakia: 0.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Slovenia: 2.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Solomon Islands: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Somalia: 5.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
South Africa: -1.73 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Spain: 0.87 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Sri Lanka: -1.43 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Sudan: 0.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Suriname: -8.87 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Svalbard: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Swaziland: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Sweden: 0.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Switzerland: 1.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Syria: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Tajikistan: -3.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Tanzania: -0.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Thailand: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Togo: 0.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Tokelau: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Tonga: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago: -9.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Tunisia: -0.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Turkey: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Turkmenistan: -1.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands: 13.69 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Tuvalu: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Uganda: -0.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
note: according to the UNHCR, by the end of 1999, Uganda was host to 218,000 refugees from a number of neighboring countries, including: Sudan 200,600, Rwanda 8,000, and Democratic Republic of the Congo 8,000
Ukraine: -0.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
United Arab Emirates: 1.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
United Kingdom: 1.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
United States: 3.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Uruguay: -0.51 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Uzbekistan: -2.06 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Vanuatu: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Venezuela: -0.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Vietnam: -0.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Virgin Islands: 0.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Wallis and Futuna: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
West Bank: 3.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Yemen: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Yugoslavia: -4.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Zambia: -0.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Zimbabwe: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
note: there is a small but steady flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa in search of better paid employment
Taiwan: -0.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
======================================================================
@People - note
Cuba: illicit migration is a continuing problem; Cubans attempt to depart the island and enter the US using homemade rafts, alien smugglers, direct flights, or falsified visas; some 3,000 Cubans took to the Straits of Florida in 2000; the US Coast Guard interdicted about 35% of these migrants; Cubans also use non-maritime routes to enter the US; some 2,400 Cubans arrived overland via the southwest border and direct flights to Miami
======================================================================
@Pipelines
Afghanistan: petroleum products - Uzbekistan to Bagram and Turkmenistan to Shindand; natural gas 180 km
Albania: crude oil 145 km; petroleum products 55 km; natural gas 64 km (1991)
Algeria: crude oil 6,612 km; petroleum products 298 km; natural gas 2,948 km
Angola: crude oil 179 km
Argentina: crude oil 4,090 km; petroleum products 2,900 km; natural gas 9,918 km
Armenia: natural gas 900 km (1991)
Australia: crude oil 2,500 km; petroleum products 500 km; natural gas 5,600 km
Austria: crude oil 777 km; natural gas 840 km (1999)
Azerbaijan: crude oil 1,130 km; petroleum products 630 km; natural gas 1,240 km
Bahrain: crude oil 56 km; petroleum products 16 km; natural gas 32 km
Bangladesh: natural gas 1,250 km
Belarus: crude oil 1,470 km; refined products 1,100 km; natural gas 1,980 km (1992)
Belgium: crude oil 161 km; petroleum products 1,167 km; natural gas 3,300 km
Bolivia: crude oil 1,800 km; petroleum products 580 km; natural gas 1,495 km
Bosnia and Herzegovina: crude oil 174 km; natural gas 90 km (1992)
Brazil: crude oil 2,980 km; petroleum products 4,762 km; natural gas 4,246 km (1998)
Brunei: crude oil 135 km; petroleum products 418 km; natural gas 920 km
Bulgaria: petroleum products 525 km; natural gas 1,500 km (1999)
Burma: crude oil 1,343 km; natural gas 330 km
Canada: crude and refined oil 23,564 km; natural gas 74,980 km
Chile: crude oil 755 km; petroleum products 785 km; natural gas 320 km
China: crude oil 9,070 km; petroleum products 560 km; natural gas 9,383 km (1998)
Colombia: crude oil 3,585 km; petroleum products 1,350 km; natural gas 830 km; natural gas liquids 125 km
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: petroleum products 390 km
Congo, Republic of the: crude oil 25 km
Costa Rica: petroleum products 176 km
Croatia: crude oil 670 km; petroleum products 20 km; natural gas 310 km (1992)
Czech Republic: natural gas 3,550 km (2000)
Denmark: crude oil 110 km; petroleum products 578 km; natural gas 700 km
Dominican Republic: crude oil 96 km; petroleum products 8 km
Ecuador: crude oil 800 km; petroleum products 1,358 km
Egypt: crude oil 1,171 km; petroleum products 596 km; natural gas 460 km
Estonia: natural gas 420 km (1992)
Finland: natural gas 580 km
France: crude oil 3,059 km; petroleum products 4,487 km; natural gas 24,746 km
Gabon: crude oil 270 km; petroleum products 14 km
Georgia: crude oil 370 km; refined products 300 km; natural gas 440 km (1992)
Germany: crude oil 2,500 km (1998)
Ghana: 0 km
Gibraltar: 0 km
Greece: crude oil 26 km; petroleum products 547 km
Guatemala: crude oil 275 km
Hungary: crude oil 1,204 km; natural gas 4,387 km (1991)
India: crude oil 3,005 km; petroleum products 2,687 km; natural gas 1,700 km (1995)
Indonesia: crude oil 2,505 km; petroleum products 456 km; natural gas 1,703 km (1989)
Iran: crude oil 5,900 km; petroleum products 3,900 km; natural gas 4,550 km
Iraq: crude oil 4,350 km; petroleum products 725 km; natural gas 1,360 km
Ireland: natural gas 7,592 km (transmission 1,158 km; distribution 6,434 km) (2000)
Israel: crude oil 708 km; petroleum products 290 km; natural gas 89 km
Italy: crude oil 1,703 km; petroleum products 2,148 km; natural gas 19,400 km
Jamaica: petroleum products 10 km
Japan: crude oil 84 km; petroleum products 322 km; natural gas 1,800 km
Jordan: crude oil 209 km; note - may not be in use
Kazakhstan: crude oil 2,850 km; refined products 1,500 km; natural gas 3,480 km (1992)
Kenya: petroleum products 483 km
Korea, North: crude oil 37 km; petroleum product 180 km
Korea, South: petroleum products 455 km; note - additionally, there is a parallel petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) pipeline being completed
Kuwait: crude oil 877 km; petroleum products 40 km; natural gas 165 km
Kyrgyzstan: natural gas 200 km
Laos: petroleum products 136 km
Latvia: crude oil 750 km; refined products 780 km; natural gas 560 km (1992)
Lebanon: crude oil 72 km (none in operation)
Libya: crude oil 4,383 km; petroleum products 443 km (includes liquefied petroleum gas or LPG 256 km); natural gas 1,947 km
Lithuania: crude oil, 105 km; natural gas 760 km (1992)
Luxembourg: petroleum products 48 km
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: 10 km
Malaysia: crude oil 1,307 km; natural gas 379 km
Mexico: crude oil 28,200 km; petroleum products 10,150 km; natural gas 13,254 km; petrochemical 1,400 km
Midway Islands: 7.8 km
Moldova: natural gas 310 km (1992)
Morocco: crude oil 362 km; petroleum products 491 km (abandoned); natural gas 241 km
Mozambique: crude oil 306 km; petroleum products 289 km
note: not operating
Netherlands: crude oil 418 km; petroleum products 965 km; natural gas 10,230 km
New Zealand: petroleum products 160 km; natural gas 1,000 km; liquefied petroleum gas or LPG 150 km
Nicaragua: crude oil 56 km
Nigeria: crude oil 2,042 km; petroleum products 3,000 km; natural gas 500 km
Norway: refined petroleum products 53 km
Oman: crude oil 1,300 km; natural gas 1,030 km
Pakistan: crude oil 250 km; petroleum products 885 km; natural gas 4,044 km (1987)
Panama: crude oil 130 km (2001)
Peru: crude oil 800 km; natural gas and natural gas liquids 64 km
Philippines: petroleum products 357 km
Poland: crude oil and petroleum products 2,280 km; natural gas 17,000 km (1996)
Portugal: crude oil 22 km; petroleum products 58 km; natural gas 700 km
note: the secondary lines for the natural gas pipeline that will be 300 km long have not yet been built
Qatar: crude oil 235 km; natural gas 400 km
Romania: crude oil 2,800 km; petroleum products 1,429 km; natural gas 6,400 km (1992)
Russia: crude oil 48,000 km; petroleum products 15,000 km; natural gas 140,000 km (June 1993 est.)
Saudi Arabia: crude oil 6,400 km; petroleum products 150 km; natural gas 2,200 km (includes natural gas liquids 1,600 km)
Slovakia: petroleum products NA km; natural gas 2,700 km
Slovenia: crude oil 290 km; natural gas 305 km
Somalia: crude oil 15 km
South Africa: crude oil 931 km; petroleum products 1,748 km; natural gas 322 km
Spain: crude oil 265 km; petroleum products 1,794 km; natural gas 1,666 km
Sri Lanka: crude oil and petroleum products 62 km (1987)
Sudan: refined products 815 km
Sweden: natural gas 84 km
Switzerland: crude oil 314 km; natural gas 1,506 km
Syria: crude oil 1,304 km; petroleum products 515 km
Tajikistan: natural gas 400 km (1992)
Tanzania: crude oil 982 km
Thailand: petroleum products 67 km; natural gas 350 km
Trinidad and Tobago: crude oil 1,032 km; petroleum products 19 km; natural gas 904 km
Tunisia: crude oil 797 km; petroleum products 86 km; natural gas 742 km
Turkey: crude oil 1,738 km; petroleum products 2,321 km; natural gas 708 km
Turkmenistan: crude oil 250 km; natural gas 4,400 km
Ukraine: crude oil 4,000 km (1995); petroleum products 4,500 km (1995); natural gas 34,400 km (1998)
United Arab Emirates: crude oil 830 km; natural gas, including natural gas liquids, 870 km
United Kingdom: crude oil (almost all insignificant) 933 km; petroleum products 2,993 km; natural gas 12,800 km
United States: petroleum products 276,000 km; natural gas 331,000 km (1991)
Uzbekistan: crude oil 250 km; petroleum products 40 km; natural gas 810 km (1992)
Venezuela: crude oil 6,370 km; petroleum products 480 km; natural gas 4,010 km
Vietnam: petroleum products 150 km
Yemen: crude oil 644 km; petroleum products 32 km
Yugoslavia: crude oil 415 km; petroleum products 130 km; natural gas 2,110 km
Zambia: crude oil 1,724 km
Zimbabwe: petroleum products 212 km
Taiwan: petroleum products 3,400 km; natural gas 1,800 km (1999)
======================================================================
@Political parties and leaders
Afghanistan: Taliban (Religious Students Movement) [Mullah Mohammad OMAR]; United National Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan or UNIFSA [Burhanuddin RABBANI, chairman; Gen. Abdul Rashid DOSTAM, vice chairman; Ahmad Shah MASOOD, military commander; Mohammed Yunis QANUNI, spokesman]; note - made up of 13 parties opposed to the Taliban including Harakat-i-Islami Afghanistan (Islamic Movement of Afghanistan), Hizb-i-Islami (Islamic Party), Hizb-i-Wahdat-i-Islami (Islamic Unity Party), Jumaat-i-Islami Afghanistan (Islamic Afghan Society), Jumbish-i-Milli (National Front), Mahaz-i-Milli-i-Islami (National Islamic Front)
Albania: Albanian National Front (Balli Kombetar) or PBK [Abaz ERMENJI]; Albanian Republican Party or PR [Fatmir MEDIU]; Albanian Socialist Party or PS (formerly the Albania Workers Party) [Fatos NANO, chairman]; Christian Democratic Party or PDK [Zef BUSHATI]; Democratic Alliance or PAD [Neritan CEKA]; Democratic Party or PD [Sali BERISHA]; Group of Reformist Democrats [Leonard NDOKA]; Liberal Union Party [Teodor LACO]; note - Teodor LACO of the Liberal Union Party was leader of the Social Democratic Union of Albania or PBSD; Movement of Legality Party or PLL [Nderim KUPI]; OMONIA [Vagjelis DULES]; Party of National Unity or PUK [Idajet BEQUIRI]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Skender GJINUSHI]; Unity for Human Rights Party or PBDNJ [Vasil MELO, chairman]
Algeria: Democratic National Rally or RND [Ahmed OUYAHIA, chairman]; Islamic Salvation Front or FIS (outlawed April 1992) [Ali BELHADJ and Dr. Abassi MADANI (imprisoned), Rabeh KEBIR (self-exile in Germany)]; Movement of a Peaceful Society or MSP [Mahfoud NAHNAH, chairman]; National Liberation Front or FLN [Boualem BENHAMOUDA, secretary general]; Progressive Republican Party [Khadir DRISS]; Rally for Culture and Democracy or RCD [Said SAADI, secretary general]; Renaissance Movement or EnNahda Movement [Lahbib ADAMI]; Social Liberal Party or PSL [Ahmed KHELIL]; Socialist Forces Front or FFS [Hocine Ait AHMED, secretary general (self-exile in Switzerland)]; Union for Democracy and Liberty [Mouley BOUKHALAFA]; Workers Party or PT [Louisa HANOUN]
note: a party law banning political parties based on religion was enacted in March 1997
American Samoa: Democratic Party [leader NA]; Republican Party [leader NA]
Andorra: Liberal Union or UL [Marc Forne MOLNE] (renamed Liberal Party of Andorra or PLA); National Democratic Group or AND [Ladislau BARO SOLA]; National Democratic Initiative or IDN [Vincenc MATEU Zamora]; New Democracy or ND [Jaume BARTOMEU Cassany]; Union of the People of Ordino (Unio Parroquial d'Ordino) or UPO [Simo DURO Coma]
note: there are two other small parties
Angola: Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Analia de Victoria PEREIRA]; National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA [disputed leadership: Lucas NGONDA, Holden ROBERTO]; National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Jonas SAVIMBI], largest opposition party has engaged in years of armed resistance; Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS] ruling party in power since 1975; Social Renewal Party or PRS [disputed leadership: Eduardo KUANGANA, Antonio MUACHICUNGO]; UNITA-Renovada [Eugenio NGOLO "Manuvakola", leader]
note: about a dozen minor parties participated in the 1992 elections but won few seats and have little influence in the National Assembly
Anguilla: Anguilla United Movement or AUM [Hubert HUGHES]; The United Front or UF [Osbourne FLEMMING, Victor BANKS], a coalition of the Anguilla Democratic Party or ADP and the Anguilla National Alliance or ANA
Antigua and Barbuda: Antigua Labor Party or ALP [Lester Bryant BIRD]; Barbuda People's Movement or BPM [Thomas H. FRANK]; United Progressive Party or UPP [Baldwin SPENCER] (a coalition of three opposition parties - United National Democratic Party or UNDP, Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement or ACLM, and Progressive Labor Movement or PLM)
Argentina: Action for the Republic or AR [Domingo CAVALLO]; Front for a Country in Solidarity or Frepaso (a four-party coalition) [Carlos ALVAREZ]; Justicialist Party or PJ [Carlos Saul MENEM] (Peronist umbrella political organization); Radical Civic Union or UCR [Raul ALFONSIN]; several provincial parties
Armenia: Armenia Party [Myasnik ALKHASYAN]; Armenian Communist Party or ACP [Vladimir DARBINYAN]; Armenian Revolutionary Federation ("Dashnak" Party) or ARF [Hrant MARKARYAN]; Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Azat ARSHAKYN, chairman]; Democratic Liberal Party [Ramkavar AZATAKAN, chairman]; Free Armenian's Mission [Ruben MNATSANIAN, chairman]; Law and Unity Party [Artashes GEGAMIAN, chairman]; Law-Governed Party [Artur BAGDASARIAN, chairman]; Mission Party [Artush PAPOIAN, chairman]; National Democratic Union or NDU [Vazgen MANUKIAN]; National State Party [Samvel SHAGINIAN]; Pan-Armenian National Movement or PANM [Vano SIRADEGHYAN]; People's Party of Armenia [Stepan DEMIRCHYAN]; Republican Party or RPA [Andranik MARKARYAN]; Shamiram Women's Movement or SWM [Gayane SARUKHYAN]; Social Democratic (Hnchakian) Party [Ernst SOGOMONYAN]; Stability Group [Vartan AYVAZIAN, chairman]; Union of National Self-Determination or NSDU [Paruir HAIRIKIAN, chairman]; Unity Bloc [Stepan DEMIRCHIAN and Andranik MARKARYAN] (a coalition of the Republican Party and People's Party of Armenia)
Aruba: Aruba Solidarity Movement or MAS [leader NA]; Aruban Democratic Party or PDA [Leo BERLINSKI]; Aruban Liberal Party or OLA [Glenbert CROES]; Aruban Patriotic Party or PPA [Benny NISBET]; Aruban People's Party or AVP [Tico CROES]; Electoral Movement Party or MEP [Nelson ODUBER]; For a Restructured Aruba Now or PARA [leader NA]; National Democratic Action or ADN [Pedro Charro KELLY]
Australia: Australian Democratic Party [Meg LEES]; Australian Labor Party [Kim BEAZLEY]; Green Party [Bob BROWN]; Liberal Party [John Winston HOWARD]; National Party [John ANDERSON]; One Nation Party [Pauline HANSON]
Austria: Austrian People's Party or OeVP [Wolfgang SCHUESSEL]; Freedom Party of Austria or FPOe [Susanne RIESS-PASSER]; Social Democratic Party of Austria or SPOe [Alfred GUSENBAUER]; The Greens Alternative or GA [Alexander VAN DER BELLEN]
Azerbaijan: Alliance for Azerbaijan Party [Abutalyb SAMADOV]; Azerbaijani Democratic Party or ADP [Sardar JALAL]; Azerbaijani Independent Democratic Party or AMDP [Leyla YUNUSOVA]; Azerbaijan Popular Front or APF [Ali KERIMOV, leader of "reform faction"; Mirmahmud FATTAYEV, leader of "traditionalist" faction]; Civic Solidarity Party or CSP [Sabir RUSTAMKHANLY]; Civic Union Party [Ayaz MUTALIBOV]; Communist Party of Azerbaijan or CPA [Ramiz AHMADOV]; Communist Party of Azerbaijan or CPA-2 [Firudin HASANOV]; Compatriot Party [Mais SAFARLI]; Democratic Enlightenment Party [Mammadhanifu MUSAYEV]; Democratic Party for Azerbaijan or DPA [Ilyus ISMAILOV and Rasul QULIYEV, co-chairman]; Democratic World Party of Azerbaijan [Mamnad ALIZADE]; Liberal Party of Azerbaijan [Lala Shvkat HAJIYEVA]; Motherland Party [Fazail AGAMALI]; National Congress Party of Azerbaijan [Ihtiyar SHIRIN]; National Movement Party [Samir JAFAROV]; National Statehood Party [Sabir TARIVERDIYEV]; Musavat [Isa GAMBAR, chairman]; New Azerbaijan Party or NAP [Heydar ALIYEV, chairman]; Party for National Independence of Azerbaijan or PNIA [Etibar MAMMADOV, chairman]; People's Democratic Party of Azerbaijan or PDPA [Rafig TURABKHANOGLU]; Social Democratic Party of Azerbaijan or SDP [Zardusht ALIZADE, chairman]
note: opposition parties regularly factionalize and form new parties
Bahamas, The: Free National Movement or FNM [Hubert Alexander INGRAHAM]; Progressive Liberal Party or PLP [Perry CHRISTIE]
Bahrain: political parties prohibited
Bangladesh: Awami League or AL [Sheikh HASINA]; Bangladesh Communist Party or BCP [Saifuddin Ahmed MANIK]; Bangladesh Nationalist Party or BNP [Khaleda ZIAur Rahman]; Islami Oikya Jote or IOJ [Azizol HAQ]; Jamaat-E-Islami or JI [Motiur Rahman NIZAMI]; Jatiya Party or JP [Hussain Mohammad ERSHAD]
Barbados: Barbados Labor Party or BLP [Owen ARTHUR]; Democratic Labor Party or DLP [David THOMPSON]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Richard HAYNES]
Belarus: Agrarian Party or AP [Semyon SHARETSKY, chairman]; Belarusian Communist Party or KPB [Viktor CHIKIN, chairman]; Belarusian Ecological Green Party (merger of Belarusian Ecological Party and Green Party of Belarus) [leader NA]; Belarusian Patriotic Movement (Belarusian Patriotic Party) or BPR [Anatoliy BARANKEVICH, chairman]; Belarusian Popular Front or BNF [Vintsuk VYACHORKA]; Belarusian Social-Democrat or SDBP [Nikolay STATKEVICH, chairman]; Belarusian Social-Democratic Party Hromada [Stanislav SHUSHKEVICH, chairman]; Belarusian Socialist Party [Vyacheslav KUZNETSOV]; Civic Accord Bloc (United Civic Party) or CAB [Stanislav BOGDANKEVICH, chairman]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDPB [Sergei GAYDUKEVICH, chairman]; Party of Communists Belarusian or PKB [Sergei KALYAKIN, chairman]; Republican Party of Labor and Justice or RPPS [Anatoliy NETYLKIN, chairman]; Social-Democrat Party of Popular Accord or PPA [Leanid SECHKA]; Women's Party Nadezhda [Valentina POLEVIKOVA, chairperson]
Belgium: AGALEV (Flemish Greens) [Dos GEYSELS]; ECOLO (Francophone Greens) [no president]; Flemish Christian Democrats or CVP (Christian People's Party) [Stefaan DE CLERCK, president]; Flemish Liberal Democrats or VLD [Karel DE GUCHT, president]; Flemish Socialist Party or SP [Patrick JANSSENS, president]; Francophone Christian Democrats or PSC (Social Christian Party) [Joelle MILQUET, president]; Francophone Liberal Reformation Party or PRL [Daniel DUCARME, president]; Francophone Socialist Party or PS [Elio DI RUPO, president]; National Front or FN [Daniel FERET]; Vlaams Blok or VB [Frank VANHECKE]; Volksunie or VU [leader vacant]; other minor parties
Belize: People's United Party or PUP [Said MUSA]; United Democratic Party or UDP [Manuel ESQUIVEL, Dean BARROW, Doug SINGH]
Benin: African Movement for Democracy and Progress or MADEP [Sefou FAGBOHOUN]; Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP [Sylvain Adekpedjou AKINDES]; Alliance of the Social Democratic Party or PSD and the National Union for Solidarity and Progress or UNSP [Bruno AMOUSSOU]; Cameleon Alliance or AC [leader NA]; Car-DUNYA [Saka SALEY]; Communist Party of Benin or PCB [Pascal FANTONDJI, first secretary]; Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Adrien HOUNGBEDJI]; Front for Renewal and Development or FARD-ALAFIA [Jerome Sakia KINA]; Impulse for Progress and Democracy or IPD [Bertin BORNA]; Liberal Democrats' Rally for National Reconstruction-Vivoten or RDL-Vivoten [Severin ADJOVI]; Movement for Citizens' Commitment and Awakening or MERCI [Severin ADJOVI]; New Generation for the Republic or NGR [Paul DOSSOU]; Our Common Cause or NCC [Francois Odjo TANKPINON]; Party Democratique du Benin or PDB [Col. Soule DANKORO]; Rally for Democracy and Pan-Africanism or RDP [Dominique HOYMINOU, Dr. Giles Auguste MINONTIN]; Renaissance Party du Benin or RB [Nicephore SOGLO]; The Star Alliance (Alliance E'toile) [Sacca LAFIA]; Union for National Democracy and Solidarity or UDS [Adamou N'Diaye MAMA]
note: the Coalition of Democratic Forces is an alliance of parties and organizations supporting President KEREKOU [Gatien HOUNGBEDJI]
Bermuda: National Liberal Party or NLP [Dessaline WALDRON]; Progressive Labor Party or PLP [Jennifer SMITH]; United Bermuda Party or UBP [Pamela GORDON]
Bhutan: no legal parties
Bolivia: Christian Democratic Party or PDC [leader NA]; Civic Solidarity Union or UCS [Johnny FERNANDEZ]; Conscience of the Fatherland or CONDEPA [Remedios LOZA Alvarado]; Free Bolivia Movement or MBL [Antonio ARANIBAR]; Movement of the Revolutionary Left or MIR [Jaime PAZ Zamora]; Nationalist Democratic Action or ADN [Hugo BANZER Suarez]; Nationalist Revolutionary Movement or MNR [Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA]; New Republican Force or NFR [leader NA]; Pachacuti Indigenous Movement [Filipe QUISPE]; United Left or IU [Marcos DOMIC]
note: the ADN, MIR, and UCS comprise the ruling coalition
Bosnia and Herzegovina: Bosnian Party or BOSS [Mirnes AJANOVIC]; Bosnian Patriotic Party or BPS [Sefer HALILOVIC]; Civic Democratic Party of BiH or GDS [Ibrahim SPAHIC]; Croat Christian Democratic Union or HKDU BiH [Ante PASALIC]; Croatian Democratic Union of BiH or HDZ-BiH [leader vacant]; Croatian Party of Rights or HSP [Zdravko HRSTIC]; Croatian Peasants Party of BiH or HSS-BiH [Ilija SIMIC]; Democratic Action Party or SDA [Alija IZETBEGOVIC]; Democratic National Alliance or DNS [Dragan KOSTIC]; Democratic Party of Pensioners or DPS [Alojz KNEZOVIC]; Democratic Party of RS or DSRS [Dragomir DUMIC]; Democratic Peoples Union or DNZ [Fikret ABDIC]; Democratic Socialist Party or DSP [Nebojsa RADMANOVIC]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDS [Rasim KADIC]; New Croatian Initiative or NHI [Kresimir ZUBAK]; Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina or SBH [Haris SILAJDZIC]; Party of Democratic Progress or PDP [Mladen IVANIC]; Party of Independent Social Democrats or SNSD [Milorad DODIK]; Pensioners' Party of FBiH [Husein VOJNIKOVIC]; Pensioners' Party of SR [Stojan BOGOSAVAC]; Republican Party of BiH or RP [Stjepan KLJUIC]; Serb Democratic Party or Serb Lands or SDS [Dragan KALINIC]; Serb National Alliance (Serb People's Alliance) or SNS [Biljana PLAVSIC]; Social Democratic Party BIH or SDP-BiH [Zlatko LAGUMDZIJA]; Socialist Party of Republika Srpska or SPRS [Zivko RADISIC]
Botswana: Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Festus MOGAE]; Botswana National Front or BNF [Kenneth KOMA]; Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Michael DINGAKE]; Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO]
note: main parties are: BDP, BNF, BCP; other minor parties joined forces in 1999 to form the Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim SETSHWAELO, chairman] but did not capture any parliamentary seats; the BAM parties are: the United Action Party [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO], the Botswana Peoples Party, the Independence Freedom Party [Motsamai MPHO], and the Botswana Progressive Union [D. K. KWELE]
Brazil: Brazilian Democratic Movement Party or PMDB [Jader BARBALHO, president]; Brazilian Labor Party or PTB [Roberto JEFFERSON]; Brazilian Social Democracy Party or PSDB [Teotonio VILELA Filno]; Brazilian Socialist Party or PSB [Miguel ARRAES, president]; Brazilian Progressive Party or PPB [Paulo Salim MALUF]; Communist Party of Brazil or PCdoB [Sergio Roberto Gomes SOUZA, chairman]; Democratic Labor Party or PDT [Leonel BRIZOLA, president]; Liberal Front Party or PFL [Jorge BORNHAUSEN, president]; Liberal Party or PL [Francisco Teixeira de OLIVEIRA]; Popular Socialist Party or PPS [Ciro GOMEZ, president]; Worker's Party or PT [Jose DIRCEU, president]
British Virgin Islands: Concerned Citizens Movement or CCM [Ethlyn SMITH]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Orlando SMITH]; United Party or UP [Gregory MADURO]; Virgin Islands Party or VIP [Ralph T. O'NEAL]
Brunei: Brunei Solidarity National Party or PPKB in Malay [Haji Mohd HATTA bin Haji Zainal Abidin, president]; the PPKB is the only legal political party in Brunei; it was registered in 1985, but became largely inactive after 1988, it was revived in 1995 and again in 1998; it has less than 200 registered party members; other parties include Brunei People's Party or PRB (banned in 1962) and Brunei National Democratic Party (registered in May 1965, deregistered by the Brunei Government in 1988)
Bulgaria: Alliance for National Salvation or ANS (coalition led mainly by Movement for Rights and Freedoms or MRF) [Ahmed DOGAN]; Bulgarian Business Bloc or BBB [Georgi GANCHEV]; Bulgarian Socialist Party or BSP [Georgi PURVANOV, chairman]; Democratic Left or DL (bloc led by BSP, includes Ecoglasnost Political Club and Bulgarian Agrarian National Union) [leader NA]; Euro-left [Aleksandur TOMOV]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization or UMRO [Aleksander KARAKACHNOV]; Kingdom of Bulgaria Federation [leader NA]; Movement for Rights and Freedom or DPS [Ahmed DOGAN]; National Movement for Simeon II [Simeon II, former king]; New Civic Party for Bulgaria [Bogomil BONEV]; People's Union or PU (includes Bulgarian Agrarian People's Union and Democratic Party) [Anastasiya MOZER]; St. George's Day [Lyuben DILOV]; Union of Democratic Forces or UDF (an alliance of pro-democratic parties) [Ivan KOSTOV]
Burkina Faso: African Democratic Rally-Alliance for Democracy and Federation or RDA-ADF [Herman YAMEOGO]; Congress for Democracy and Progress or CDP [Roch Marc-Christian KABORE]; Movement for Tolerance and Progress or MTP [Noyabtigungu Congo KABORE]; Party for African Independence or PAI [Philippe OUEDRAOGO]; Party for Democracy and Progress or PDP [Joseph KI-ZERBO]; Union of Greens for the Development of Burkina Faso or UVDB [Ram OVEDRAGO]
Burma: National League for Democracy or NLD [AUNG SHWE, chairman, AUNG SAN SUU KYI, general secretary]; National Unity Party or NUP (proregime) [THA KYAW]; Shan Nationalities League for Democracy or SNLD [U KHUN TUN OO]; Union Solidarity and Development Association or USDA (proregime, a social and political organization) [THAN AUNG, general secretary]; and other smaller parties
Burundi: Two national, mainstream governing parties are: Unity for National Progress or UPRONA [Luc RUKINGAMA, president]; Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU [Jean MINANI, president]
note: A multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included are: Burundi African Alliance for the Salvation or ABASA [Terrence NSANZE]; Rally for Democracy and Economic and Social Development or RADDES [Joseph NZENZIMANA]; Party for National Redress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]; People's Reconciliation Party or PRP [Mathias HITIMANA]
Cambodia: Buddhist Liberal Party or BLP [IENG MOULY]; Cambodian Pracheachon Party or Cambodian People's Party or CPP [CHEA SIM]; Khmer Citizen Party or KCP [NGUON SOEUR]; National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [Prince NORODOM RANARIDDH]; Sam Rangsi Party or SRP (formerly Khmer Nation Party or KNP) [SAM RANGSI]
Cameroon: Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou NDAM NJOYA]; Democratic Rally of the Cameroon People or RDCP [Paul BIYA]; Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA]; Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC [leader NA]; Movement for the Youth of Cameroon or MLJC [Marcel YONDO]; National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Maigari BELLO BOUBA, chairman]; Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU NDI]; Union of Cameroonian Populations has two sections UPC-N [Ndeh NTUMAZAH] and UPC-K [Augustin Frederic KODOCK]
Canada: Bloc Quebecois [Gilles DUCEPPE]; Canadian Alliance [Stockwell DAY]; Liberal Party [Jean CHRETIEN]; New Democratic Party [Alexa MCDONOUGH]; Progressive Conservative Party [Joe CLARK]
Cape Verde: African Party for Independence of Cape Verde or PAICV [Jose Maria NEVES, chairman]; Democratic Alliance for Change or ADM [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO] (a coalition of PCD, PTS, and UCID); Democratic Renovation Party or PRD [Jacinto SANTOS, president]; Movement for Democracy or MPD [Antonio Gualberto do ROSARIO, president]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO, president]; Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [Dr. Oresimo SILVEIRA, president]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM, president]; Union for an Independent Democratic Cape Verde or UCID [Antonio MONTEIRO, president]
Cayman Islands: there are no formal political parties but the following loose groupings act as political organizations; National Team; Democratic Alliance; Team Cayman
Central African Republic: Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP [Francois PEHOUA]; Central African Democratic Assembly or RDC [Andre KOLINGBA]; Civic Forum or FC [Gen. Timothee MALENDOMA]; Democratic Forum or FODEM [Charles MASSI]; Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Nestor KOMBO-NAGUEMON]; Movement for Democracy and Development or MDD [David DACKO]; Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People or MLPC [the party of the president, Ange-Felix PATASSE]; Patriotic Front for Progress or FPP [Abel GOUMBA]; People's Union for the Republic or UPR [leader NA]; National Unity Party or PUN [Jean-Paul NGOUPANDE]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Enoch LAKOUE]
Chad: National Union for Development and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO]; Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Mahamat Saleh AHMAT, chairman] (originally in opposition but now the party in power and the party of the president); Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Lal Mahamat CHOUA]; Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Gen. Wadal Abdelkader KAMOUGUE]
Chile: Center-Center Union Party or UCCP [Francisco Javier ERRAZURIZ]; Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Ricardo HORMAZABAL]; Coalition of Parties for Democracy ("Concertacion") or CPD - including PDC, PS, PPD, PRSD; Independent Democratic Union or UDI [Pablo LONGUEIRA]; National Renewal or RN [Alberto CARDEMIL]; Party for Democracy or PPD [Guido GIRARDI]; Radical Social Democratic Party or PRSD [Anselmo SULE]; Socialist Party or PS [Ricardo NUNEZ]
China: Chinese Communist Party or CCP [JIANG Zemin, General Secretary of the Central Committee]; eight registered small parties controlled by CCP
Christmas Island: none
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: none
Colombia: Conservative Party or PSC [Ciro RAMIREZ Anzon]; Liberal Party or PL [Luis Guillermo VELEZ]; Patriotic Union or UP is a legal political party formed by Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia or FARC and Colombian Communist Party or PCC [Jaime CAICEDO]; 19 of April Movement or M-19 [Antonio NAVARRO Wolff]
Comoros: Front National pour la Justice or FNJ (Islamic party in opposition) [Ahmed Abdallah MOHAMED, Ahmed ABOUBACAR, Soidiki M'BAPANOZA]; Rassemblement National pour le Development or RND (party of the government) [Ali Bazi SELIM]
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: Democratic Social Christian Party or PDSC [Andre BO-BOLIKO]; Popular Movement of the Revolution or MPR [leader NA]; Unified Lumumbast Party or PALU [Antoine GIZENGA]; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Etienne TSHISEKEDI wa Mulumba]; Union of Federalists and Independent Republicans or UFERI [Kouyoumba MUCHULI Mulembe]
Congo, Republic of the: the most important of the many parties are the Democratic and Patriotic Forces or FDP (an alliance of Convention for Alternative Democracy, Congolese Labor Party or PCT, Liberal Republican Party, National Union for Democracy and Progress, Patriotic Union for the National Reconstruction, and Union for the National Renewal) [Denis SASSOU-NGUESSO, president]; Association for Democracy and Social Progress or RDPS [Jean-Pierre Thystere TCHICAYA, president]; Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development or MCDDI [Michel MAMPOUYA]; Pan-African Union for Social Development or UPADS [Martin MBERI]; Union of Democratic Forces or UFD [Sebastian EBAO]
Cook Islands: Cook Islands People's Party or CIP [Tai CARPENTER]; Democratic Alliance Party or DAP [Terepai MAOATE]; New Alliance Party or NAP [Norman GEORGE]
Costa Rica: Agricultural Labor Action or PALA [Carlos Alberto SOLIS Blanco]; Costa Rican Renovation Party or PRC [Justo OROZCO]; Democratic Force Party or PFD [Jose M. NUNEZ]; Libertarian Movement Party or PML [Otto GUEVARA Guth]; National Christian Alliance Party or ANC [Alejandro MADRIGAL]; National Independent Party or PNI [Jorge GONZALEZ Marten]; National Integration Party or PIN [Walter MUNOZ Cespedes]; National Liberation Party or PLN [Sonia PICADO]; Social Christian Unity Party or PUSC [Luis Manuel CHACON]
note: mainly a two-party system - PUSC and PLN; numerous small parties share less than 25% of population's support
Cote d'Ivoire: Democratic Party of Cote d'Ivoire-African Democratic Rally or PDCI-RDA [Aime Henri Konan BEDIE]; Ivorian Popular Front or FPI [Laurent GBAGBO]; Ivorian Worker's Party or PIT [Francis WODIE]; Rally of the Republicans or RDR [Henriette DAGRI-DIABATE]; Union for Democracy and Peace [Gen. Robert GUEI]; over 20 smaller parties
Croatia: Alliance of Croatian Coast and Mountains Department or PGS [Luciano SUSANJ]; Croatian Christian Democratic Union or HKDU [Marko VESELICA]; Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [Ivo SANADER]; Croatian Party of Rights or HSP [Dobroslav PARAGA]; Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Zlatko TOMCIC]; Croatian People's Party or HNS [Vesna PUSIC]; Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [Drazen BUDISA]; Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS [Vojislav STANIMIROVIC]; Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Ivan JAKOVCIC]; Liberal Party or LP [leader NA]; Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Ivica RACAN]
note: the Social Democratic Party or SDP and the Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS formed a coalition as did the HSS, HNS, LP, and IDS, which together defeated the Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ in the 2000 lower house parliamentary election
Cuba: only party - Cuban Communist Party or PCC [Fidel CASTRO Ruz, first secretary]
Cyprus: Greek Cypriot area: Democratic Party or DIKO [Tassos PAPADOPOULOS]; Democratic Rally or DISY [Nikos ANASTASIADHIS]; Restorative Party of the Working People or AKEL (Communist Party) [Dimitrios CHRISTOFIAS]; Social Democrats Movement or KISOS (formerly United Democratic Union of Cyprus or EDEK) [Vassos LYSSARIDIS]; United Democrats Movement or EDE (formerly Free Democrats Movement or KED) [George VASSILIOU]; Turkish Cypriot area: Communal Liberation Party or TKP [Mustafa AKINCI]; Democratic Party or DP [Salih COSAR]; National Birth Party or UDP [Enver EMIN]; National Unity Party or UBP [Dervis EROGLU]; Our Party or BP [Okyay SADIKOGLU]; Patriotic Unity Movement or YBH [Izzet IZCAN]; Republican Turkish Party or CTP [Mehmet ALI TALAT]
Czech Republic: Christian and Democratic Union-Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-CSL [Jan KASAL, chairman]; Civic Democratic Alliance or ODA [Daniel KROUPA, chairman]; Civic Democratic Party or ODS [Vaclav KLAUS, chairman]; Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia or KSCM [Miroslav GREBENICEK, chairman]; Communist Party of Czechoslovakia or KSC [Miroslav STEPAN, chairman]; Czech National Social Party of CSNS [Jan SULA, chairman]; Czech Social Democratic Party or CSSD [Milos ZEMAN, chairman]; Democratic Union or DEU [Ratibor MAJZLIK, chairman]; Freedom Union or US [Karel KUEHNL, chairman]; Quad Coalition [Cyril SVOBODA, chairman] (includes KDU-CSL, US, ODA, DEU); Republicans of Miroslav SLADEK or RMS [Miroslav SLADEK, chairman]
Denmark: Center Democratic Party [Mimi JAKOBSEN]; Christian People's Party [Jann SJURSEN]; Conservative Party (sometimes known as Conservative People's Party) [Bendt BENDTSEN]; Danish People's Party [Pia KJAERSGAARD]; Liberal Party [Anders Fogh RASMUSSEN]; Progress Party (now named Freedom 2000) [Kim BEHNKE]; Social Democratic Party [Poul Nyrup RASMUSSEN]; Social Liberal Party (sometimes called the Radical Left) [Marianne JELVED, leader; Johannes LEBECH, chairman]; Socialist People's Party [Holger K. NIELSEN]; Red-Green Unity List (bloc includes Left Socialist Party, Communist Party of Denmark, Socialist Workers' Party) [collective leadership]
Djibouti: Democratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh]; Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; People's Progress Assembly or RPP (governing party) [Ismail Omar GELLEH]
Dominica: Dominica Freedom Party or DFP [Charles SAVARIN]; Dominica Labor Party or DLP [Pierre CHARLES]; United Workers Party or UWP [Edison JAMES]
Dominican Republic: Dominican Liberation Party or PLD [Leonel FERNANDEZ Reyna]; Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD [Hatuey DE CAMPS]; Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC [Joaquin BALAGUER Ricardo]
Ecuador: Concentration of Popular Forces or CFP [Averroes BUCARAM]; Democratic Left or ID [Rodrigo BORJA Cevallos]; Ecuadorian Conservative Party or PCE [Sixto DURAN Ballen]; Independent National Movement or MIN [leader NA]; Pachakutik-New Country or P-NP [Rafael PANDAM]; Popular Democracy or DP [Ramiro RIVERA]; Popular Democratic Movement or MPD [leader NA]; Radical Alfarista Front or FRA [Fabian ALARCON, director]; Roldosist Party or PRE [Abdala BUCARAM Ortiz, director]; Social Christian Party or PSC [Jaime NEBOT Saadi, president]
Egypt: Nasserist Arab Democratic Party or Nasserists [Dia' al-din DAWUD]; National Democratic Party or NDP [President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK, leader] - governing party; National Progressive Unionist Grouping or Tagammu [Khalid MUHI AL-DIN]; New Wafd Party or NWP [No'man GOMA]; Socialist Liberal Party or LSP [leader NA]
note: formation of political parties must be approved by government
El Salvador: Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Rene AGUILUZ]; Democratic Convergence or CD (includes PSD, MNR, MPSC) [Ruben ZAMORA, secretary general]; Democratic Party or PD [Jorge MELENDEZ]; Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front or FMLN [Fabio CASTILLO]; Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Kirio Waldo SALGADO, president]; National Action Party or PAN [Gustavo Rogelio SALINAS, secretary general]; National Conciliation Party or PCN [Ciro CRUZ Zepeda, president]; National Republican Alliance or ARENA [Walter ARAUJO]; Social Christian Union or USC (formed by the merger of Christian Social Renewal Party or PRSC and Unity Movement or MU) [Abraham RODRIGUEZ, president]
Equatorial Guinea: Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS [Placido Miko ABOGO]; Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE (ruling party) [Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO]; Party for Progress of Equatorial Guinea or PPGE [Severo MOTO]; Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea or APGE [Miguel Esono EMAN]; Popular Union or UP [Andres Moises Bda ADA]; Progressive Democratic Alliance or ADP [Victorino Bolekia BONAY, mayor of Malabo]; Union of Independent Democrats of UDI [Daniel OYONO]
Eritrea: People's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ, the only party recognized by the government [ISAIAS Afworki, PETROS Solomon]; note - the National Assembly has appointed a committee to draft a law on political parties
Estonia: Center Party or K [Edgar SAVISAAR, chairman]; Christian People's Party [Aldo VINKEL]; Coalition Party and Rural Union or KMU [Andrus OOBEL, chairman]; Estonian Democratic Party (formerly Estonian Blue Party) [Jaan LAAS]; Estonian Independence Party [leader NA]; Estonian National Democratic Party or ENDP [leader NA]; Estonian Pensioners and Families Party [Mai TREIAL]; Estonian Progressive Party [Andra VEIDEMANN]; Estonian Republican Party [leader NA]; Estonian Social-Democratic Labor Party [Tiit TOOMSALU]; Estonian Rural People's Union (1999 merger of Estonian Country People's Party and the Estonian Rural Union) [Arvo SIRENDI]; Party of Consolidation Today [leader NA]; People's Party Moderates (1999 merger of People's Party and Moderates) [Andres TARAND]; Reform Party or RE [Siim KALLAS, chairman]; Russian Party in Estonia [Nikolai MASPANOV]; Russian Unity Party [Igor SEDASHEV]; Union of Pro Patria or Fatherland League (Isamaaliit) [Mart LAAR, chairman]; United People's Party or UPPE [Viktor ANDREJEV, chairman]
Ethiopia: Afar National Democratic Party or ANDP [leader NA]; All-Amhara People's Organization or AAPO [KEGNAZ MATCH Neguea Tibeb]; Amhara National Democratic Movement or ANDM [TEFERA Walwa]; Bench Madji People's Democratic Organization or BMPDO [leader NA]; Benishangul Gumuz People's Democratic Unity Front or BGPDUF [leader NA]; Coalition of Alternative Forces for Peace and Democracy or CAFPD [Kifle TIGNEH Abate and BEYENE Petros]; Ethiopian Democratic Unity Party or EDUP [Lt. Gen. TESFAYE Gebre Kidan]; Ethiopian National Democratic Party or ENDP [FEKADU Gedamu]; Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front or EPRDF [MELES Zenawi] (an alliance of the ANDM, OPDO, and TPLF); Gedeyo People's Revolutionary Democratic Movement or GPRDF [leader NA]; Gurange Nationalities Democratic Movement or GNDM [leader NA]; Kafa Shaka People's Democratic Organization or KSPDO [leader NA]; Kembata, Alabaa, and Tembaro or KAT [leader NA]; Oromo Liberation Front or OLF [DAOUD Ibsa Gudina]; Oromo People's Democratic Organization or OPDO [KUMA Demeksa]; Sidama People's Democratic Organization or SPDO [leader NA]; South Omo People's Democratic Movement or SOPDM [leader NA]; Tigrai People's Liberation Front or TPLF [MELES Zenawi]; Walayta, Gamo, Gofa, Dawro, Konta People's Democratic Organization or WGGPDO [leader NA]; dozens of small parties
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): none; all independents
Faroe Islands: Center Party [Jenis A. RANA]; Home Rule Party [Helena Dam a NEYSTABO]; People's Party [Oli BRECKMANN]; Republican Party [Hogni HOYDAL]; Social Democratic Party [Joannes EIDESGAARD]; Union Party [Edmund JOENSEN]
Fiji: Fiji Labor Party or FLP [Mahendra CHAUDHRY]; Fijian Nationalist Federation Party or NFP [Singh RAKKA]; Fijian Political Party or SVT (primarily Fijian) [Maj. Gen. Sitiveni RABUKA]; National Federation Party or NFP (primarily Indian) [Jai Ram REDDY]; United General Party or UGP [David PICKERING]
Finland: Center Party or Kesk [Esko AHO]; Finnish Christian Union or SKL [C. P. Bjarne KALLIS]; Green Union [Satu HASSI]; Leftist Alliance (Communist) composed of People's Democratic League and Democratic Alternative [Suvi-Anne SIIMES]; National Coalition (conservative) Party or Kok [Sauli NIINISTO]; Reform Group [Risto KUISMA]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Paavo LIPPONEN]; Swedish People's Party or SFP [Jan-Erik ENESTAM]; True Finns [Timo SOINI]
France: Citizens Movement or MdC [Jean Pierre CHEVENEMENT]; French Communist Party or PCF [Robert HUE]; Independent Ecological Movement or MEI [Antoine WAECHTER]; Left Radical Party or PRG (previously Radical Socialist Party or PRS and the Left Radical Movement or MRG) [Jean-Michel BAYLET]; Liberal Democracy or DL (originally Republican Party or PR) [Alain MADELIN]; Movement for France or MPF [Philippe DEVILLIERS]; National Front or FN [Jean-Marie LE PEN]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Michelle ALLIOT-MARIE]; Socialist Party or PS [Francois HOLLANDE]; Union for French Democracy or UDF (coalition of UDC, FD, RRRS, PPDF) [Francois BAYROU]; Union of the Center or UDC [leader NA]
French Guiana: Guianese Socialist Party or PSG [Antoine KARAM]; Guyana Democratic Forces or FDG [Georges OTHILY]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Roland HO-WEN-SZE]; Socialist Party or PS [Pierre RIBARDIERE] (may be a subset of PSG); Walwari Committee [Christine TAUBIRA-DELANON]
French Polynesia: Centrist Union or UC [leader NA]; Independent Front for the Liberation of Polynesia (Tavini Huiraatira) [Oscar TEMARU]; New Fatherland Party (Ai'a Api) [Emile VERNAUDON]; People's Rally for the Republic (Tahoeraa Huiraatira) [Gaston FLOSSE]
Gabon: African Forum for Reconstruction or FAR [Leon MBOU-YEMBI]; Circle of Liberal Reformers or CLR [General Jean Boniface ASSELE]; Democratic and Republican Alliance or ADERE [Divungui-di-Ndinge DIDJOB]; Gabonese Democratic Party or PDG, former sole party [Simplice Nguedet MANZELA, secretary general]; Gabonese Party for Progress or PGP [Pierre-Louis AGONDJO-OKAWE, president]; Gabonese People's Union or UPG [Pierre MAMBOUNDOU]; Gabonese Socialist Union or USG [Serge MBA BEKALE]; National Rally of Woodcutters (Bucherons) or RNB [Fr. Paul M'BA-ABESSOLE]; People's Unity Party or PUP [Louis Gaston MAYILA]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Pierre EMBONI]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Pierre Claver MAGANGA-MOUSSAVOU]
Gambia, The: Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction or APRC [Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH]; National Reconciliation Party or NRP [Hamat N. K. BAH]; People's Democratic Organization for Independence and Socialism or PDOIS [Sidia JATTA]; United Democratic Party or UDP [Ousainou DARBOE]
note: in August 1996 the government banned the following from participation in the elections of 1996: People's Progressive Party or PPP [former President Dawda K. JAWARA (in exile)], and two opposition parties - the National Convention Party or NCP [former Vice President Sheriff DIBBA] and the Gambian People's Party or GPP [Hassan Musa CAMARA]
Georgia: Citizen's Union of Georgia or CUG [Eduard SHEVARDNADZE]; Georgian United Communist Party or UCPG [Panteleimon GIORGADZE, chairman]; Industry Will Save Georgia or IWSG [Georgi TOPADZE]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Irina SARISHVILI-CHANTURIA]; Socialist Party or SPG [Temur GAMTSEMLIDZE]; Union for "Revival" Party or AGUR [Alsan ABASHIDZE]; United Republican Party or URP [Nodar NATADZE, chairman]
Germany: Alliance '90/Greens [Renate KUENAST and Fritz KUHN]; Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Angela MERKEL]; Christian Social Union or CSU [Edmund STOIBER, chairman]; Free Democratic Party or FDP [Wolfgang GERHARDT, chairman]; note - Wolfgang GERHARDT will probably be replaced by Guido WESTERWELLE in May 2001; Party of Democratic Socialism or PDS [Gabi ZIMMER]; Social Democratic Party or SPD [Gerhard SCHROEDER, chairman]
Ghana: Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere or EGLE [Owuraku AMOFA, chairman]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sarpong KUMA-KUMA]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Huudu YAHAYA, general secretary]; New Patriotic Party or NPP [Samuel Arthur ODOI-SYKES]; People's Convention Party or PCP [P. K. DONKOH-AYIFI, acting chairman]; People's Heritage Party or PHP [Emmanuel Alexander ERSKINE]; People's National Convention or PNC [Edward MAHAMA]
Gibraltar: Gibraltar Social Democrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA]; Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party or GSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO]
Greece: Coalition of the Left and Progress (Synaspismos) [Nikolaos KONSTANDOPOULOS]; Communist Party of Greece or KKE [Aleka PAPARIGA]; New Democracy or ND (conservative) [Konstandinos KARAMANLIS]; Panhellenic Socialist Movement or PASOK [Konstandinos SIMITIS]
Greenland: Akulliit Party [Bjarne KREUTZMANN]; Atassut Party (Solidarity, a conservative party favoring continuing close relations with Denmark) [Daniel SKIFTE]; Inuit Ataqatigiit or IA (Eskimo Brotherhood, a leftist party favoring complete independence from Denmark rather than home rule) [Josef MOTZFELDT]; Issituup (Polar Party) [Nicolai HEINRICH]; Kattusseqatigiit (Candidate List, an independent right-of-center party with no official platform [leader NA]; Siumut (Forward Party, a social democratic party advocating more distinct Greenlandic identity and greater autonomy from Denmark) [Jonathan MOTZFELDT]
Grenada: Grenada United Labor Party or GULP [Herbert PREUDHOMME]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [leader vacant]; New National Party or NNP [George McGUIRE]
Guadeloupe: Communist Party of Guadeloupe or PCG [Christian CELESTE]; Progressive Democratic Party or PPDG [Henri BANGOU]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Aldo BLAISE]; Socialist Party or PS [Georges LOUISOR]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Marcel ESDRAS]
Guam: Democratic Party (party of the Governor) [leader NA]; Republican Party (controls the legislature) [leader NA]
Guatemala: Authentic Integral Development or DIA [Jorge Luis ORTEGA]; Democratic Union or UD [Jose Luis CHEA Urruela]; Green Party or LOV [Jose ASTURIAS Rudecke]; Guatemalan Christian Democracy or DCG [Vinicio CEREZO Arevalo]; Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity or URNG [Pablo MONSANTO, also known as Jorge SOTO]; Guatemalan Republican Front or FRG [Efrain RIOS Montt]; New Nation Alliance or ANN [leader NA], which includes the URNG; National Advancement Party or PAN [Leonel LOPEZ Rodas]; Progressive Liberator Party or PLP [Acisclo VALLADARES Molina]
Guernsey: none; all independents
Guinea: Democratic Party of Guinea or PDG-AST [Marcel CROS]; Democratic Party of Guinea-African Democratic Rally or PDG-RDA [El Hadj Ismael Mohamed Gassim GUSHEIN]; National Union for Progress or UNP [Paul Louis FABER]; Party for Unity and Progress or PUP [Lansana CONTE] - the governing party; Party for Renewal and Progress or PRP [Siradiou DIALLO]; Rally for the Guinean People or RPG [Alpha CONDE]; Union for Progress of Guinea or UPG [Jean-Marie DORE, secretary-general]; Union for the New Republic or UNR [Mamadou Boye BA]; Union of Republican Forces or UFR [Sidya TOURE]
Guinea-Bissau: African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde or PAIGC [Francisco BENANTE]; Front for the Liberation and Independence of Guinea or FLING [Francois MENDY]; Guinea-Bissau Resistance-Ba Fata Movement or RGB-MB [Helder Vaz LOPES]; Guinean Civic Forum or FCG [Antonieta Rosa GOMES]; International League for Ecological Protection or LIPE [Alhaje Bubacar DJALO, president]; National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Abubacer BALDE, secretary general]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Victor MANDINGA]; Social Renovation Party or PRS [Koumba YALLA]; Union for Change or UM [Jorge MANDINGA, president, Dr. Anne SAAD, secretary general]; United Social Democratic Party or PUSD [Victor Sau'de MARIA]
Guyana: Alliance for Guyana or AFG (includes Guyana Labor Party or GLP and Working People's Alliance or WPA [Rupert ROOPNARINE]; Guyana Action Party or GAP [leader NA]; Guyana Labor Party or GLP [leader NA]; People's National Congress or PNC [Hugh Desmond HOYTE]; People's Progressive Party or PPP [Janet JAGEN]; Rise, Organize and Rebuild or ROAR [Ravi DEV]; The United Force or TUF [Manzoor NADIR]; Working People's Alliance or WPA [Rupert ROOPARNINE]
Haiti: Alliance for the Liberation and Advancement of Haiti or ALAH [Reynold GEORGES]; Assembly of Progressive National Democrats or RDNP [Leslie MANIGAT]; Convergence (opposition coalition composed of ESPACE, OPL, and MOCHRENA) [Gerard PIERRE-CHARLES, Evans PAUL, Luc MESADIEU, Victor BENOIT]; Democratic Consultation Group coalition or ESPACE [Evans PAUL, Victor Benoit] composed of the following parties: National Congress of Democratic Movements or KONAKOM, National Progressive Revolutionary Party or PANPRA, Generation 2004, and Haiti Can; Haitian Christian Democratic Party or PDCH [Marie-France CLAUDE]; Haitian Democratic Party or PADEM [Clark PARENT]; Lavalas Family or FL [Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE]; Mobilization for National Development or MDN [Hubert DE RONCERAY]; Movement for National Reconstruction or MRN [Rene THEODORE]; Movement for the Installation of Democracy in Haiti or MIDH [Marc BAZIN]; Movement for the Organization of the Country or MOP [Gesner COMEAU and Jean MOLIERE]; National Front for Change and Democracy or FNCD [Evans PAUL and Turneb DELPE]; New Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU]; Struggling People's Organization or OPL [Gerard PIERRE-CHARLES]
Holy See (Vatican City): none
Honduras: Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Efrain DIAZ Arrivillaga, president]; Democratic Unification Party or PUD [Marias FUNES Valladares, president]; Liberal Party or PL [Carlos Roberto FLORES Facusse, president]; National Innovation and Unity Party-Social Democratic Party or PINU-SD [Olban VALLADARES, president]; National Party of Honduras or PN [Carlos URBIZO, president]
Hong Kong: Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood [Frederick FUNG Kin-kee, chairman]; Citizens Party [leader NA]; Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong [Jasper TSANG Yok-sing, chairman]; Democratic Party [Martin LEE Chu-ming, chairman]; Frontier Party [Emily LAU Wai-hing, chairwoman]; Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood [leader NA]; Hong Kong Progressive Alliance [Ambrose LAU Hon-chuen]; Liberal Party [James TIEN Pei-chun, chairman]; New Century Forum [NQ Ching-fai, chairman]
note: political blocs include: pro-democracy - Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood, Citizens Party, Democratic Party, Frontier Party; pro-Beijing - Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Progressive Alliance, Liberal Party, New Century Forum
Hungary: Alliance of Free Democrats or SZDSZ [Gabor DEMSZKY]; Christian Democratic People's Party or KDNP [Gyorgy GICZY, president]; Federation of Young Democrats-Hungarian Civic Party or FYD-HCP [Laszlo KOVER]; note - used to be Hungarian Civic Party or FIDESZ; Hungarian Democratic Forum or MDF [Ibolya DAVID]; Hungarian Democratic People's Party or MDNP [Erzsebet PUSZTAI, chairman]; Hungarian Justice and Life Party or MIEP [Istvan CSURKA, chairman]; Hungarian Socialist Party or MSZP [Laszlo KOVACS, chairman]; Hungarian Workers' Party or MMP [Gyula THURMER, chairman]; Independent Smallholders or FKGP [Jozsef TORGYAN, president]
Iceland: Independence Party (conservative) or IP [David ODDSSON]; Left-Green Alliance [Steinsvimur SIGFUSSON]; Liberal Party [Sverrir HERMANNSSON]; People's Party (Social Democratic Party) or SDP [Sighvatyr BJORGIVINSSON]; Progressive Party (liberal) or PP [Halldor ASGRIMSSON]; The Alliance (includes People's Alliance or PA, Social Democratic Party or SVP, People's Movement, Women's List) [Ossur SKARPHEDINSSON]; Women's List or WL [Kristin ASTGEIRSDOTTIR]
India: All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam or AIADMK [C. Jayalalitha JAYARAM]; All India Forward Bloc or AIFB [Prem Dutta PALIWAL (chairman), Chitta BASU (general secretary)]; Asom Gana Parishad [Prafulla Kumar MAHANTA]; Bahujan Samaj Party or BSP [Kanshi RAM]; Bharatiya Janata Party or BJP [Bangaru LAXMAN, president]; Biju Janata Dal or BJD [Naveen PATNAIK]; Communist Party of India or CPI [Ardhendu Bhushan BARDHAN]; Communist Party of India/Marxist-Leninist or CPI/ML [Vinod MISHRA]; Congress (I) Party [Sonia GANDHI, president]; Dravida Munnetra Kazagham or DMK (a regional party in Tamil Nadu) [M. KARUNANIDHI]; Indian National League [Suliaman SAIT]; Janata Dal (Secular) [H. D. Deve GOWDA]; Janata Dal (United) or JDU [Sharad YADAV, president, I. K. GUJRAL]; Kerala Congress (Mani faction) [K. M. MANI]; Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam or MDMK [VAIKO]; Muslim League [G. M. BANATWALA]; Nationalist Congress Party or NCP [Sharad PAWAR]; National Democratic Alliance, a 16-party alliance including BJP, DMK, Janata Dal (U), SHS, Shiromani Akali Dal, Telugu Desam, BJD, Rinamool Congress]; Rashtriya Janata Dal or RJD [Laloo Prasad YADAV]; Revolutionary Socialist Party or RSP [Tridip CHOWDHURY]; Samajwadi Party or SP [Mulayam Singh YADAV, president]; Shiromani Akali Dal [Prakash Singh BADAL]; Shiv Sena [Bal THACKERAY]; Tamil Maanila Congress [G. K. MOOPANAR]; Telugu Desam Party or TDP (a regional party in Andhra Pradesh) [Chandrababu NAIDU]; Trinamool Congress [Mamata BANERJEE]
Indonesia: Crescent Moon and Star Party or PBB [Yusril Ihza MAHENDRA, chairman]; Development Unity Party or PPP (federation of former Islamic parties) [Hamzah HAZ, chairman]; Federation of Functional Groups or Golkar [Akbar TANJUNG, general chairman]; Indonesia Democracy Party or PDI (federation of former Nationalist and Christian Parties) [Budi HARDJONO, chairman]; Indonesia Democracy Party-Struggle or PDI-P [MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri, chairperson]; National Awakening Party or PKB [Matori Abdul DJALIL, chairman]; National Mandate Party or PAN [Amien RAIS, chairman]
Iran: the following organizations appeared to have achieved considerable success at elections to the sixth Majlis in early 2000: Assembly of the Followers of the Imam's Line, Freethinkers' Front, Islamic Iran Participation Front, Moderation and Development Party, Servants of Construction Party, Society of Self-sacrificing Devotees
Iraq: Ba'th Party [SADDAM Husayn, central party leader]
Ireland: Democratic Left [Proinsias DE ROSSA]; Fianna Fail [Bertie AHERN]; Fine Gael [Michael NOONAN]; Green Party [Mary BOWERS]; Labor Party [Ruairi QUINN]; Progressive Democrats [Mary HARNEY]; Sinn Fein [Gerry ADAMS]; Socialist Party [Joe HIGGINS]; The Workers' Party [Tom FRENCH]
Israel: Balad or National Democratic Alliance [Amnon LIPKIN-SHAHAK]; Center Party [Yitzhak MORDECHAI]; Democratic Movement [Roman BRONFMAN]; Gesher [David LEVI]; Hadash [Muhammad BARAKA]; Labor Party [leader vacant]; Likud Party [Ariel SHARON]; MERETZ [Yossi SARID]; National Democratic Alliance (Balad) [leader NA]; National Religious Party [Yitzhak LEVY]; National Union [Rehavam ZEEVI] (includes Herut, Tekuma, and Moledet); One Israel [leader NA] (includes Labor, Gesher, and Meimad); One Nation [Amir PERETZ]; Shas [Eliyahu YISHAI]; Shinui [Tommy LAPID]; United Arab List [Abd al-Malik DAHAMSHAH]; United Torah Judaism [Rabbi Eliezer SHACK, spiritual leader]; Yisra'el Ba'Aliya [Natan SHARANSKY]; Yisra'el Beiteinu [Avigdor LIEBERMAN]
Italy: Center-Left Olive Tree Coalition [Francesco RUTELLI] - Democrats of the Left, Daisy Alliance (including Italian Popular Party, Italian Renewal, Union of Democrats for Europe, The Democrats), Sunflower Alliance (including Green Federation, Italian Democratic Socialists), Italian Communist Party; Christian Democratic Center or CDC [Pier Ferdinando CASINI]; Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Rocco BUTTIGLIONE]; Communist Renewal or RC [Fausto BERTINOTTI]; Forza Italia or FI [Silvio BERLUSCONI]; Green Federation [Grazia FRANCESCATO]; House of Liberties (formerly Freedom Alliance, a center-right coalition) [leader Silvio BERLUSCONI] - Forza Italian, National Alliance, Christian Democratic Center, Christian Democratic Union, Northern League; Italian Communist Party or PdCI [Oliviero DILIBERTO]; Italian Democratic Socialists [Enrico BOSELLI]; Italian Popular Party [Pierluigi CASTAGNETTI]; Italian Renewal [Lamberto DINI]; Italian Social Movement-Tricolored Flame or MSI-FI [Pino RAUTI]; National Alliance or AN [Gianfranco FINI]; Northern League or NL [Umberto BOSSI]; Radical Party (formerly Panella Reformers and Autonomous List) [Marco PANNELLA]; Southern Tyrols People's Party or SVP (German speakers) [Siegfried BRUGGER]; Union of Democrats for Europe [Clemente MASTELLA]; The Democrats [Arturo PARISI]
Jamaica: Jamaica Labor Party or JLP [Edward SEAGA]; National Democratic Movement or NDM [Bruce GOLDING]; People's National Party or PNP [Percival James PATTERSON]
Japan: Democratic Party of Japan or DPJ [Yukio HATOYAMA, leader, Naoto KAN, secretary general]; Japan Communist Party or JCP [Kazuo SHII, chairman, Tadaaki ICHIDA, secretary general]; Komeito [Takenori KANZAKI, president, Tetsuzo FUYUSHIBA, secretary general]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Junichiro KOIZUMI, president, Taku YAMASAKI, secretary general]; Liberal Party [Ichiro OZAWA, president, Hirohisa FUJII, secretary general]; New Conservative Party [Chikage OGI, president, Takeshi NODA, secretary general]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Takako DOI, chairperson, Sadao FUCHIGAMI, secretary general]
Jersey: none; all independents
Jordan: Al-Umma (Nation) Party [Ahmad al-HANANDEH, secretary general]; Arab Land Party [Dr. Muhammad al-'ORAN, secretary general]; Jordanian Democratic Popular Unity Party [Sa'eed THIYAB, secretary general]; National Constitutional Party [Abdul Hadi MAJALI, secretary general]
Kazakhstan: Agrarian Party [Romin MADENOV]; Alash [Soverkazhy AKATAYEV]; AZAMAT Movement [Petr SVOIK, Murat AUEZOV, and Galym ABILSIITOV, cochairmen]; Civic Party [Azat PERUASHEV, first secretary]; Communist Party or KPK [Serikbolsyn ABDILDIN, first secretary]; Forum of Democratic Forces [Nurbulat MASANOV, Deputy Chairman of the Republican People's Party of Kazakhstan (RNPK); Amirzhan KOSANOV, RNPK activist; Seidakhmet KUTTYKADAM, Orleu Movement; cochairmen]; Labor and Worker's Movement [Madel ISMAILOV, chairman]; Orleu Movement [Seidakhmet KUTTYKADAM]; Otan [Sergei TERESCHENKO, chairman]; Pensioners Movement or Pokoleniye [Irina SAVOSTINA, chairwoman]; People's Congress of Kazakhstan of NKK [Olzhas SULEIMENOV, chairman]; People's Cooperative Party [Umirzak SARSENOV]; People's Unity Party or PUP [Nursultan A. NAZARBAYEV]; Republican People's Party of Kazakhstan or RNPK [Akezhan KAZHEGELDIN]
Kenya: Democratic Party of Kenya or DP [Mwai KIBAKI]; Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-Asili or FORD-A [Martin SHIKUKU, secretary general]; Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-Kenya or FORD-K [Michael Kijana WAMALWA]; Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-People or FORD-People [Kimaniwa NYOIKE, chairman]; Kenya African National Union or KANU [President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI] - the governing party; National Development Party or NDP [Raila ODINGA, president]; SAFINA [Farah MAALIM, chairman]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Dr. Apollo NJONJO, secretary general and Justus NYANG'AYA, chairman]
Kiribati: Maneaban Te Mauri Party [Teburoro TITO]; National Progressive Party [Teatao TEANNAKI]
note: there is no tradition of formally organized political parties in Kiribati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groups because they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures
Korea, North: Chondoist Chongu Party [YU Mi-yong, chairwoman]; Korean Social Democratic Party [KIM Pyong-sik, chairman]; major party - Korean Workers' Party or KWP [KIM Chong-il, General Secretary]
Korea, South: Grand National Party or GNP [YI Hoe-chang, president]; Millennium Democratic Party or MDP [KIM Dae-jung, president]; United Liberal Democrats or ULD [KIM Chong-p'il, honorary chairman, KIM Chong-ho, acting president]
note: on 20 January 2000, the National Congress for New Politics or NCNP was renamed the Millennium Democratic Party or MDP
Kuwait: none; formation of political parties is illegal
Kyrgyzstan: Agrarian Labor Party of Kyrgyzstan [Uson S. SYDYKOV]; Agrarian Party of Kyrgyzstan [Arkin ALIYEV]; Ata-Meken Socialist Party or Fatherland [Onurbek TEKEBAYEV]; Banner National Revival Party or ASABA [Chaprashty BAZARBAY]; Democratic Movement of Kyrgyzstan or DDK [Jypar JEKSHEYEV]; Democratic Women's Party of Kyrgyzstan [T. A. SHAILIYEVA]; Dignity Party [Feliks KULOV]; Erkin Kyrgyzstan Progressive and Democratic Party [Tursunbay Bakir UULU]; Justice Party [Chingiz AYTMATOV]; Movement for the People's Salvation [Jumgalbek AMAMBAYEV]; Mutual Help Movement or Ashar [Jumagazy USUPOV]; My Country of Action [Almazbek ISMANKULOV]; National Unity Democratic Movement or DDNE [Yury RAZGULYAYEV]; Party of Communists of Kyrgyzstan or KCP [Absamat M. MASALIYEV]; Party of the Veterans of the War in Afghanistan [leader NA]; Peasant Party [leader NA]; People's Party [Melis ESHIMKANOV]; Poor and Unprotected People's Party [Daniyar USENOV]; Republican Popular Party of Kyrgyzstan [J. SHARSHENALIYEV]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [J. IBRAMOV]; Union of Democratic Forces (composed of Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan or PSD [J. IBRAMOV], Economic Revival Party, and Birimdik Party
Laos: Lao People's Revolutionary Party or LPRP [KHAMTAI Siphandon, party president]; other parties proscribed
Latvia: Anticommunist Union or PA [P. MUCENIEKS]; Christian Democrat Union or LKDS [Talavs JUNDZIS]; Christian People's Party or KTP [Uldis AUGSTKALNS]; Democratic Party "Saimnieks" or DPS [Ziedonis CEVERS, chairman]; For Fatherland and Freedom or TB [Maris GRINBLATS], merged with LNNK; For Human Rights in a United Latvia [Janis JURKANS], a coalition of the People's Harmony Party or TSP, the Latvian Socialist Party or LSP, and the Equal Rights Movement; Green Party or LZP [Olegs BATAREVSKI]; Latvian Liberal Party or LLP [J. DANOSS]; Latvian National Conservative Party or LNNK [Andrejs KRASTINS]; Latvian National Democratic Party or LNDP [A. MALINS]; Latvian Social-Democratic Workers Party (Social Democrats) or LSDWU [Juris BOJARS and Janis ADAMSONS, leaders]; Latvian Unity Party or LVP [Alberis KAULS]; Latvia's Way or LC [Andrei PANTELEJEVS]; New Christian Party [Ainars SLESERS]; New Faction [Ingrida UDRE]; "Our Land" or MZ [M. DAMBEKALNE]; Party of Russian Citizens or LKPP [V. SOROCHIN, V. IVANOV]; People's Party [Andris SKELE]; Political Union of Economists or TPA [Edvins KIDE]
Lebanon: political party activity is organized along largely sectarian lines; numerous political groupings exist, consisting of individual political figures and followers motivated by religious, clan, and economic considerations
Lesotho: Basotho Congress Party or BCP [Tseliso MAKHAKHE]; Basotho National Party or BNP [Maj. Gen. Justine Metsing LEKHANYA]; Lesotho Congress for Democracy or LCD [Phebe MOTEBANO, chairwoman; Dr. Pakalitha MOSISILI, leader] - the governing party; United Democratic Party or UDP [Charles MOFELI]; Marematlou Freedom Party or MFP and Setlamo Alliance [Vincent MALEBO]; Progressive National Party or PNP [Chief Peete Nkoebe PEETE]; Sefate Democratic Party or SDP [Bofihla NKUEBE]
Liberia: All Liberia Coalition Party or ALCOP [Lusinee KAMARA]; Liberian Action Party or LAP [Cletus WOTORSON]; Liberian National Union or LINU [Henry MONIBA, chairman]; Liberian People's Party or LPP [Togba-Nah TIPOTEH, chairman]; National Democratic Party of Liberia or NDPL [Isaac DAKINAH]; National Patriotic Party or NPP [Charles Ghankay TAYLOR] - governing party; People's Progressive Party or PPP [Chea CHEAPOO, chairman]; Reformation Alliance Party or RAP [Henry Boimah FAHNBULLEH, chairman]; True Whig Party or TWP [Rudolph SHERMAN, chairman]; United People's Party or UPP [Gabriel Baccus MATTHEWS, chairman]; Unity Party or UP [Charles Clarke]
Libya: none
Liechtenstein: Fatherland Union or VU [Dr. Oswald KRANZ]; Progressive Citizens' Party or FBP [Dr. Ernst WALCH]; The Free List or FL [Dr. Pepo FRICK, Karin JENNY, Rene HASLER]
Lithuania: Christian Democratic Party or LKDP [Zigmas ZINKEVICIUS, chairman]; Electoral Action of Lithuanian Poles [Valdemar TOMASZEVSKI, chairman]; Homeland Union/Conservative Party or TS [Vytautas LANDSBERGIS, chairman]; Lithuanian Center Union or LCS [Kestutis GLAVECKAS, chairman]; Lithuanian Farmer's Party or LUP [Ramunas KARBAUSKIS, chairman]; Lithuanian Liberal Union [Rolandas PAKSAS, chairman]; Lithuanian Social Democratic Coalition [Algirdas BRAZAUSKAS, chairman] consists of the Lithuanian Democratic Labor Party or LDDP, the Lithuanian Social Democratic Party or LSPD, and New Democracy; Modern Christian Democratic Union [Vytautas BOGUSIS, chairman]; New Union-Social Liberals [Arturas PAULAUSKAS, chairman]
Luxembourg: Action Committee for Democracy and Justice or ADR [Robert MEHLEN]; Christian Social People's Party or CSV (known also as Christian Social Party or PCS) [Erna HENNICOT-SCHOEPGES]; Democratic Party or DP [Lydie POLFER]; Green Party [Abbes JACOBY and Felix BRAS]; Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party or LSAP [Jean ASSELBORN]; Marxist and Reformed Communist Party DEI LENK (the Left) [no formal leadership]; other minor parties
Macau: the following is a listing of those associations that participated in the last legislative elections: Associacao de Novo Macau Democratico or ANMD [leader NA]; Associacao Promotora para a Economia de Macau or APPEM [leader NA]; Convergencia para o Desenvolvimento or CODEM [leader NA]; Uniao Geral para o Desenvolvimento de Macau or UDM [leader NA]; Uniao para o Desenvolvimento or UPD [leader NA]; Uniao Promotora para o Progresso or UNIPRO [leader NA]
note: there are no formal political parties, but civic associations are used instead
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: Democratic Alternative or DA [Vasil TUPURKOVSKI, president]; Democratic Party for Albanians or DPA [Arben XHAFERI, president]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity or VMRO-DPMNE [Ljubcho GEORGIEVSKI, president]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-True Macedonian Reform Option or VMRO-VMRO [Boris STOJMANOV]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Risto GUSTERVO]; Party for Democratic Prosperity or PDP [Imeri IMERI, president]; Social-Democratic Alliance of Macedonia or SDSM (former Communist Party) [Branko CRVENKOVSKI, president]; Socialist Party of Macedonia or SP [Ljubisav IVANOV, president]; Union of Romanies of Macedonia or SRM [leader NA]
Madagascar: Action, Truth, Development, and Harmony or AFFA [Professor Albert ZAFY]; Association for the Rebirth of Madagascar or AREMA [leader vacant]; Congress Party for Malagasy Independence or AKFM/Fanavaozana; Economic Liberalism and Democratic Action for National Recovery or LEADER/Fanilo [Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO]; Fihaonana Rally or Fihaonana [Guy RAZANAMASY]; Group of Reflection and Action for the Development of Madagascar or GRAD/Iloafo; Judged by Your Work or AVI [Norbert RATSIRAHONANA]; Movement for the Progress of Madagascar or MFM [Manandafy RAKOTONIRINA]; Renewal of the Social Democratic Party or RPSD [Evariste MARSON]; Tranobe (Big House) [Ny Hasina ANDRIAMANJATO]
Malawi: Alliance for Democracy or AFORD [Chakufwa CHIHANA, president]; Malawi Congress Party or MCP [Gwanda CHAKUAMBA, president, John TEMBO, vice president]; Malawi Democratic Party or MDP [Kampelo KALUA, president]; National Independence Party; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Eston KAKHOME, president]; United Democratic Front or UDF [Bakili MULUZI] - governing party
Malaysia: Alternative Coalition or Barisan Alternatif-BA (includes the following parties: Party Islam Se-Malaysia or PAS [FADZIL Mohamad Noor], National Justice Party or NJP [WAN AZIZAH Wan Ismail], Democratic Action Party or DAP [LIM Kit Siang], and Malaysian People's Party or PRM [SYED HUSIN]); National Front or NF (ruling coalition dominated by the United Malays National Organization or UMNO [MAHATHIR bin Mohammad], includes the following parties: Malaysian Indian Congress or MIC [S. Samy VELLU], Malaysian Chinese Association or MCA [LING Liong Sik], Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia or Gerakan [LIM Keng Yaik], Parti Pesaka Bumiputra Bersatu or PBB [Patinggi Haji Abdul TAIB Mahmud], Parti Angkatan Keadilan Rakyat Bersatu or Akar [PANDIKAR Amin Mulia], Parti Bangsa Dayak Sarawak or PBDS [Leo MOGGIE], Sarawak United People's Party or SUPP [George CHAN Hong Nam], Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [CHONG Kah Kiat], Sabah Progressive Party or SAPP [YONG Teck Lee], People's Progressive Party or PPP [M. KAYVEAS], Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah or PBRS [Joseph KURUP], Sarawak National Party or SNAP [Amar James WONG], Parti Demokratik Sabah or PDS [leader NA], and United Pasok Momogun Kadazan Organization or UPKO (state level only) [Bernard DOMPOK]); Parti Bersatu Sabah or PBS [Joseph PAIRIN Kitingan]; Parti Bersekutu [HARRIS Salleh]; State Reform Party of Sarawak or STAR [PATAU Rubis]
Maldives: although political parties are not banned, none exist
Mali: Alliance for Democracy or ADEMA [Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA, party chairman]; Block of Alternative for the Renewal of Africa or BARA [Yoro DIAKITE]; Democratic and Social Convention or CDS [Mamadou Bakary SANGARE, chairman]; Movement for the Independence, Renaissance and Integration of Africa or MIRIA [Mohamed Lamine TRAORE, Mouhamedou DICKO]; National Congress for Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL, chairman]; Party for Democracy and Progress or PDP [Me Idrissa TRAORE]; Party for National Renewal or PARENA [Yoro DIAKITE, chairman; Tiebile DRAME, secretary general]; Rally for Democracy and Labor or RDT [Ali GNANGADO]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Almamy SYLLA, chairman]; Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally or US/RDA [Mamadou Bamou TOURE, secretary general]; Union of Democratic Forces for Progress or UFDP [Youssouf TOURE, secretary general]; Union for Democracy and Development or UDD [Moussa Balla COULIBALY]
Malta: Alternativa Demokratika/Alliance for Social Justice or AD [Harry VASSALLO]; Malta Labor Party or MLP [Alfred SANT]; Nationalist Party or PN [Edward FENECH ADAMI]
Man, Isle of: there is no party system; members sit as independents
Marshall Islands: traditionally there have been no formally organized political parties; what has existed more closely resembles factions or interest groups because they do not have party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures; the following two "groupings" have competed in legislative balloting in recent years - Kabua Party [Imata KABUA] and United Democratic Party or UDP [Litokwa TOMEING]
Martinique: Martinique Independence Movement or MIM [Alfred MARIE-JEANNE]; Martinique Progressive Party or PPM [Camille DARSIERES]; Martinique Socialist Party or PMS [Ernest WAN-AJOUHU]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Michel CHARLONE]; Union for French Democracy or UDF (replaced by Martinique Forces of Progress) [Jean MAREN]
Mauritania: Action for Change or AC [Messoud Ould BOULKHEIR]; Assembly for Democracy and Unity or RDU [Ahmed Ould SIDI BABA]; Democratic and Social Republican Party or PRDS (ruling party) [President Col. Maaouya Ould Sid Ahmed TAYA]; Mauritanian Party for Renewal and Concorde or PMRC [Molaye El Hassen Ould JIYID]; National Union for Democracy and Development or UNDD [Tidjane KOITA]; Party for Liberty, Equality and Justice or PLEJ [Daouda M'BAGNIGA]; Popular Front or FP [Ch'bih Ould CHEIKH MALAININE]; Popular Progress Alliance or APP [Mohamed El Hafed Ould ISMAEL]; Popular Social and Democratic Union or UPSD [Mohamed Mahmoud Ould MAH]; Progress Force Union or UFP [Mohamed Ould MOLOUD]; Union for Progress and Democracy or UNDD [Naha Mint MOUKNASS]
note: parties legalized by constitution ratified 12 July 1991; however, politics continue to be tribally based
Mauritius: Hizbullah [Cehl Mohamed FAKEEMEEAH]; Mauritian Labor Party or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]; Mauritian Militant Movement or MMM [Paul BERENGER] - in coalition with MSM; Mauritian Militant Renaissance or MMR [Dr. Paramhansa NABABSING]; Mauritian Social Democrat Party or PMSD [Charles Xavier-Luc DUVAL]; Militant Socialist Movement or MSM [Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH] - governing party; Rodrigues Movement or OPR [Joseph (Nicholas) Von MALLY]
Mayotte: Democratic Front or FD [Youssouf MOUSSA]; Mahoran Popular Movement or MPM [Younoussa BAMANA]; Mahoran Rally for the Republic or RPR [Mansour KAMARDINE]; Movement for Department Status Mayotte or MDM [Henri JEAN-BAPTISTE]; Socialist Party or PS (local branch of French Parti Socialiste) [Ibrahim ABUBACAR]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Henri JEAN-BAPTISTE]
Mexico: Convergence for Democracy or CD [Dante DELGADO Ranauro]; Institutional Revolutionary Party or PRI [Dulce Maria SAURI Riancho]; Mexican Green Ecological Party or PVEM [Jorge GONZALEZ Torres]; National Action Party or PAN [Luis Felipe BRAVO Mena]; Party of the Democratic Center or PCD [Manuel CAMACHO Solis]; Party of the Democratic Revolution or PRD [Amalia GARCIA Medina]; Party of the Nationalist Society or PSN [Gustavo RIOJAIS Santana]; Social Alliance Party or PAS [Jose Antonio CALDERON Cardoso]; Workers Party or PT [Alberto ANAYA Gutierrez]
Micronesia, Federated States of: no formal parties
Moldova: Braghis Alliance [Dumitru BRAGHIS]; Popular Christian Democratic Party or PPCD [Iurie ROSCA]; Communist Party or PCM [Vladimir VORONIN, first chairman]
Monaco: National and Democratic Union or UND [leader NA]; National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM [leader NA]; Rally for the Monegasque Family [leader NA]
Mongolia: Citizens' Will Party or CWP (also called Civil Will Party) [Sanjaasurengyn OYUN]; Democratic Party or DP [D. DORLIGAN]; Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party or MPRP [Nambaryn ENKHBAYAR]; Mongolian Democratic New Socialist Party or MDNSP [B. ERDENEBAT]; Mongolian Republican Party or MRP [B. JARGALSAIHAN]
note: the MPRP is the ruling party
Montserrat: Movement for National Reconstruction or MNR [Percival Austin BRAMBLE]; National Development Party or NDP [leader NA]; National Progressive Party or NPP [Reuben T. MEADE]; People's Progressive Alliance or PPA [John A. OSBORNE]
Morocco: Action Party or PA [Muhammad IDRISS]; Constitutional Union or UC [leader NA]; Democratic Forces Front or FFD [Thami KHIARI]; Democratic Socialist Party or PSD [Issa OUARDIGHI]; Democratic Party for Independence or PDI [Thami EL-OUAZZANI, Said BOUACHRINE]; Istiqlal Party or IP [Abbas El-FASSI]; Labor Party or UT [leader NA]; National Democratic Party or PND [Mohamed Arsalane EL-JADIDI]; National Popular Movement or MNP [Mahjoubi AHERDANE]; National Rally of Independents or RNI [Ahmed OSMAN]; Organization of Democratic and Popular Action or OADP [Mohamed BEN SAID ait Idder]; Party of Progress and Socialism or PPS [Moulay Ismail ALAOUI]; Popular Constitutional and Democratic Movement or MPCD (has become Party of Justice and Development or PJD) [Dr. Abdelkarim KHATIB]; Popular Movement or MP [Mohamed LAENSER]; Social Democratic Movement or MDS [Mahmoud ARCHANE]; Socialist Union of Popular Forces or USFP [Abd ar-Rahman EL-YOUSSOUFI]
Mozambique: Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or Frelimo [Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO, chairman]; Mozambique National Resistance - Electoral Union (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana - Uniao Eleitoral) or Renamo-UE [Afonso DHLAKAMA, president]
Namibia: Congress of Democrats or COD [Ben ULENGA]; Democratic Turnhalle Alliance of Namibia or DTA [Katuutire KAURA, president]; Monitor Action Group or MAG [Kosie PRETORIUS]; South West Africa People's Organization or SWAPO [Sam NUJOMA]; United Democratic Front or UDF [Justus GAROEB]
Nauru: loose multiparty system; Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru Party (informal) [Bernard DOWIYOGO]
Nepal: Communist Party of Nepal/United Marxist-Leninist or CPN/UML [Madhav Kumar NEPAL, general secretary]; National Democratic Party or NDP (also called Rastriya Prajantra Party or RPP) [Surya Bahadur THAPA, chairman]; Nepal Sadbhavana (Goodwill) Party or NSP [Gajendra Narayan SINGH, president]; Nepal Workers and Peasants Party or NWPP [Narayan Man BIJUKCHHE, party chair]; Nepali Congress or NC [Girija Prasad KOIRALA, party president, Sushil KOIRALA, general secretary]; Rastriya Jana Morcha [Chitra Bahadur K. C., chairman]; Samyukta Janmorcha Nepal [Lila Mani POKHAREL, general secretary]
Netherlands: Christian Democratic Appeal or CDA [Jaap de Hoop SCHEFFER]; Democrats '66 or D'66 [Tom DE GRAAF]; Labor Party or PvdA [Wim KOK]; People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (Liberal) or VVD [Hans F. DIJKSTAL]; a host of minor parties
Netherlands Antilles: Antillean Restructuring Party or PAR [Miguel POURIER]; C 93 [Stanley BROWN]; Democratic Party of Bonaire or PDB [Jopi ABRAHAM]; Democratic Party of Curacao or DP [Errol HERNANDEZ]; Democratic Party of Sint Eustatius or DP-St. E [Julian WOODLEY]; Democratic Party of Sint Maarten or DP-St. M [Sarah WESCOTT-WILLIAMS]; Foundation Energetic Management Anti-Narcotics or FAME [Eric LODEWIJKS]; Labor Party People's Crusade or PLKP [Errol COVA]; National People's Party or PNP [Susanne F. C. CAMELIA-ROMER]; New Antilles Movement or MAN [Kenneth GIJSBERTHA]; Patriotic Union of Bonaire or UPB [Ramon BOOI]; Patriotic Movement of Sint Maarten or SPA [Vance JAMES, Jr.]; People's Party or PAPU [Richard Hodi]; Pro Curacao Party or PPK [Winston LOURENS]; Saba Democratic Labor Movement [Steve HASSELL]; Saba Unity Party [Carmen SIMMONDS]; St. Eustatius Alliance or SEA [Kenneth VAN PUTTEN]; Serious Alternative People's Party or Sapp [Julian ROLLOCKS]; Social Action Cause or KAS [Benny DEMEI]; Windward Islands People's Movement or WIPM [Will JOHNSTON]; Workers' Liberation Front or FOL [Anthony GODETT, Rignald LAK, Editha WRIGHT]
note: political parties are indigenous to each island
New Caledonia: Alliance pour la Caledonie [Didier LEROUX]; Developper Ensemble pour Construire l'Avenir or DEPCA [Robert FROUIN]; Federation des Comites de Coordination des Independantistes or FCCI [Leopald SOREDIE]; Front Uni de Liberation Kanak or FULK [Ernest UNE]; Groupe de l'Alliance Multiraciale or GAM [Dany DALMAYRAE]; Independance et Progres [Alphonse PUJAPUJANE]; Kanak Socialist Front for National Liberation or FLNKS [Rock WAMYTAN] (includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM); La Caledonie Autrement [Denis MILLIARD]; Loyalty Islands Development Front or FDIL [Cono HAMU]; National Front or FN [Guy GEORGE]; Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA [Charles WASHETINE]; Rally for Caledonia in the Republic or RPCR [Jacques LAFLEUR]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [leader NA]; Renouveau [Thierry VALET]; Socialist Kanak Liberation or LKS [Nidoish NAISSELINE]; Union Caledonienne or UC [Bernard LEPEU]; Union Nationale pour l'Independance or UNI [Paul NEAOUTYINE]; Union Progressiste Melanesienne or UPM [Andre GOPEA]
New Zealand: ACT, New Zealand [Richard PREBBLE]; Alliance (a coalition of the New Labor Party, Democratic Party, New Zealand Liberal Party, and Mana Motuhake) [Jim ANDERTON]; Green Party [Jeanette FITZSIMONS and Rod DONALD]; National Party or NP [Jenny SHIPLEY]; New Zealand First Party or NZFP [Winston PETERS]; New Zealand Labor Party or NZLP [Helen CLARK]; United New Zealand or UNZ [Peter DUNNE]
Nicaragua: Conservative Party of Nicaragua or PCN [Dr. Fernando AGUERO Rocha]; Independent Liberal Party or PLI [Virgilio GODOY]; Liberal Alliance (ruling alliance including Liberal Constitutional Party or PLC, New Liberal Party or PALI, Independent Liberal Party for National Unity or PLIUN, and Central American Unionist Party or PUCA) [leader NA]; National Conservative Party or PC [Pedro SOLARZANO, Noel VIDAURRE]; National Project or PRONAL [Benjamin LANZAS]; Nicaraguan Party of the Christian Path or PCCN [Guillermo OSORNO, Roberto RODRIGUEZ]; Nicaraguan Resistance Party or PRN [Salvador TALAVERA]; Sandinista National Liberation Front or FSLN [Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra]; Sandinista Renovation Movement or MRS [Sergio RAMIREZ]; Unity Alliance or AU [Alejandro SERRANO]; Union Nacional Opositora 96 or UNO-96 [Alfredo CESAR Aguirre]
Niger: Democratic Rally of the People-Jama'a or RDP-Jama'a [Hamid ALGABID]; Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama or CDS-Rahama [Mahamane OUSMANE]; National Movement for a Developing Society-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara [Mamadou TANDJA, chairman]; Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Social Progress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDPS-Zaman Lahiya [Moumouni Adamou DJERMAKOYE]; Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism-Tarayya or PNDS-Tarayya [Mahamadou ISSOUFOU]; Union of Democratic Patriots and Progressives-Chamoua or UPDP-Chamoua [Professor Andre' SALIFOU, chairman]
Nigeria: All People's Party or APP [Alhaji Yusuf ALI]; Alliance for Democracy or AD [contested between Yusuf MAMMAN and Alhasi Adamu ABDULKADIR]; People's Democratic Party or PDP [Barnabas GEMADE]
Niue: Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Sani LAKATANI]
Norfolk Island: none
Northern Mariana Islands: Democratic Party [Dr. Carlos S. CAMACHO]; Republican Party [Benigno R. FITIAL]
Norway: Center Party [Odd Roger ENOKSEN]; Christian People's Party [Kiell Magne BONDEVIK]; Conservative Party [Jan PETERSEN]; Labor Party [Jens STOLTENBERG]; Liberal Party [Lars SPONHEIM]; Progress Party [Carl I. HAGEN]; Socialist Left Party [Kristin HALVORSEN]
Oman: none
Pakistan: note: Gen. Pervez MUSHARRAF dissolved Parliament following the military takeover of 12 October 1999, however, political parties have been allowed to operate; Awami National Party or ANP [Wali KHAN]; Balochistan National Movement/Hayee Group or BNM/H [Dr. HAYEE Baluch]; Baluch National Party or BNP [Sardar Akhtar MENGAL]; Jamhoori Watan Party or JWP [Akbar Khan BUGTI]; Jamiat-al-Hadith or JAH [Sajid MIR]; Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, Fazlur Rehman faction or JUI/F [Fazlur REHMAN]; Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan, Niazi faction or JUP/NI [Abdul Sattar Khan NIAZI]; Millat Party [Farooq LEGHARI]; Milli Yakjheti Council or MYC is an umbrella organization which includes Jamaat-i-Islami or JI [Qazi Hussain AHMED], Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, Sami-ul-Haq faction or JUI/S [Sami ul-HAQ], Tehrik-I-Jafria Pakistan or TJP [Allama Sajid NAQVI], and Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan, Noorani faction or JUP/NO [Shah Ahmad NOORANI]; Mutahida Qaumi Movement, Altaf faction or MQM/A [Altaf HUSSAIN]; National People's Party or NPP [Ghulam Mustapha JATOI]; Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party or PKMAP [Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI]; Pakhtun Quami Party or PQP [Mohammed AFZAL Khan]; Pakistan Awami Tehrik or PAT [Tahir ul QADRI]; Pakistan Muslim League, Functional Group or PML/F [Pir PAGARO]; Pakistan Muslim League, Junejo faction or PML/J [Hamid Nasir CHATTHA]; Pakistan Muslim League, Nawaz Sharif faction or PML/N [Nawaz SHARIF]; Pakistan National Party or PNP [Hasil BIZENJO]; Pakistan People's Party or PPP [Benazir BHUTTO]; Pakistan People's Party/Shaheed Bhutto or PPP/SB [Ghinva BHUTTO]; Pakistan Tehrik-e-Insaaf or PTI [Imran KHAN]
note: political alliances in Pakistan can shift frequently
Palau: Palau Nationalist Party [Johnson TORIBIONG]; Ta Belau Party [Kuniwo NAKAMURA]
Panama: Arnulfista Party or PA [Mireya Elisa MOSCOSO Rodriguez]; Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Ruben AROSEMENA]; Civic Renewal Party or PRC [Serguei DE LA ROSA]; Democratic Change [Ricardo MARTINELLI]; Democratic Revolutionary Party or PRD [Martin TORRIJOS]; National Liberal Party or PLN [Raul ARANGO Gasteazopo]; National Renovation Movement or MORENA [Pedro VALLARINO Cox]; Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement or MOLIRENA [Ramon MORALES]; Solidarity Party or PS [Samuel LEWIS Galindo]
Papua New Guinea: National Alliance or NA [Michael SOMARE]; National Party or NP [Michael MEL]; Papua New Guinea United Party or Pangu Pati [Chris HAIVETA]; People's Action Party or PAP [Ted DIRO]; People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Sir Mekere MORAUTA]; People's National Congress or PNC [Simon KAUMI]; People's Progress Party or PPP [Michael NALI]; People's Unity Party or PUP [Alfred KAIABE]; United Party or UP [Rimbiuk PATO]
Paraguay: Authentic Radical Liberal Party or PLRA [Miguel Abdon SAGUIER]; Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Adalina GUITERREZ DE GALEANO]; Febrerista Revolutionary Party or PRF [Carlos Maria LJUBETIC]; National Encounter or PEN [Euclides ACEVEDO]; National Republican Association - Colorado Party [acting president Bader RACHID LICHI]
Peru: American Popular Revolutionary Alliance or APRA [Alan GARCIA]; Andean Rebirth [Ciro GALVEZ Herreria]; Avancemos [leader NA]; Democratic Cause [Jorge SANTISTEVAN]; Independent Moralizing Front or FIM [Fernando OLIVERA Vega]; National Solidarity or SN [Luis CASTANEDA Lossio]; National Unity [Lourdes FLORES Nano]; Peru 2000 [leader NA]; Peru Posible or PP [Alejandro TOLEDO Maniquez]; Popular Action or AP [leader NA]; Popular Agrarian Front of Peru or Frepap [leader NA]; Popular Solution [Carlos BOLONA Behr]; Project Country [Mario Antonio ARRUNATEGUI]; Somos Peru or SP [Alberto ANDRADE]; Union for Peru or UPP [leader NA]; Vamos Vecinos or VV [Absalon VASQUEZ]
Philippines: People Power Coalition or PPC includes: Aksyon Demokratiko or Democratic Action [Raul ROCO], Lakas-NUCD [Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO, titular head, Teofisto GUINGONA, party president], Liberal Party or LP [Florencio ABAD], Probinsiya Muna Development Initiative or Promdi [Lito OSMENA], and Reporma Party [Renato DE VILLA]; Puwersa ng Masa (Force of the Masses) includes: Laban Ng Demokratikong Pilipino (Struggle of Filipino Democrats) or LDP [Eduardo ANGARA], Laban Ng Masang Pilipino or LAMP (Struggle of the Filipino Masses) [Joseph ESTRADA], and People's Reform Party or PRP [Miriam DEFENSOR-SANTIAGO]; Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (New Society Movement) [Imelda MARCOS]; Nacionalista Party [Jose OLIVEROS]; National People's Coalition or NPC [Eduardo COJUANGCO]
Pitcairn Islands: none
Poland: Coalition for Poland or KdP [first name unknown GRABOWSKI]; Confederation for an Independent Poland-Patriotic Camp or KPN-OP (KPN-Fatherland or KPN-O is a small group within the KPN-OP) [Michal JANISZEWSKI]; Democratic Left Alliance or SLD (Social Democracy of Poland) [Leszek MILLER]; Freedom Union or UW [Bronislaw GEREMEK]; German Minority of Lower Silesia or MNSO [Henryk KROLL]; Movement for the Reconstruction of Poland or ROP-PC [Jan OLSZEWSKI]; Polish Accord or PP [Jan LOPUSZANSKI]; Polish Peasant Party or PSL [Jaroslaw KALINOWSKI]; Polish Socialist Party or PPS [Piotr IKONOWICZ]; Solidarity Electoral Action or AWS (includes RS-AWS and Solidarity) [Marian KRZAKLEWSKI]; Social Movement-Solidarity Electoral Action or RS-AWS [Jerzy BUZEK]
Portugal: The Greens or PEV [leader NA]; Popular Party or PP [Paulo PORTAS]; Portuguese Communist Party/United Democratic Coalition or PCP/CDU [Carlos CARVALHAS]; Portuguese Socialist Party or PS [Antonio GUTERRES]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [leader vacant]; The Left Bloc [no leader]
Puerto Rico: National Democratic Party [Celeste BENITEZ]; National Republican Party of Puerto Rico [Luis FERRE]; New Progressive Party or PNP [Pedro ROSSELLO]; Popular Democratic Party or PPD [Hector Luis ACEVEDO]; Puerto Rican Independence Party or PIP [Ruben BERRIOS Martinez]
Qatar: none
Reunion: Communist Party of Reunion or PCR [Paul VERGES]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Andre Maurice PIHOUEE]; Socialist Party or PS [Jean-Claude FRUTEAU]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Gilbert GERARD]
Romania: Democratic Party or PD [Petre ROMAN]; Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania or UDMR [Bela MARKO]; National Liberal Party or PNL [Mircea IONESCU-QUINTUS]; Party of Social Democracy in Romania or PDSR [Adrian NASTASE]; Romania Mare Party (Greater Romanian Party) or PRM [Corneliu Vadim TUDOR]; The Democratic Convention or CDR [Ion DIACONESCU]
Russia: Agrarian Party [Mikhail Ivanovich LAPSHIN]; Communist Party of the Russian Federation or KPRF [Gennadiy Andreyevich ZYUGANOV]; Fatherland-All Russia or OVR [Yuriy Mikhailovich LUZHKOV]; Liberal Democratic Party of Russia or LDPR [Vladimir Volfovich ZHIRINOVSKIY]; Union of Right Forces [Anatoliy Borisovich CHUBAYS, Yegor Timurovich GAYDAR, Irina Mutsuovna KHAKAMADA, Boris Yefimovich NEMTSOV]; Unity [Sergey Kuzhugetovich SHOYGU]; Yabloko Bloc [Grigoriy Alekseyevich YAVLINSKIY]
note: some 150 political parties, blocs, and movements registered with the Justice Ministry as of the 19 December 1998 deadline to be eligible to participate in the 19 December 1999 Duma elections; of these, 36 political organizations actually qualified to run slates of candidates on the Duma party list ballot, 6 parties cleared the 5% threshold to win a proportional share of the 225 party seats in the Duma, 9 other organizations hold seats in the Duma: Bloc of Nikolayev and Academician Fedorov, Congress of Russian Communities, Movement in Support of the Army, Our Home Is Russia, Party of Pensioners, Power to the People, Russian All-People's Union, Russian Socialist Party, and Spiritual Heritage; primary political blocs include pro-market democrats - (Yabloko Bloc and Union of Right Forces), anti-market and/or ultranationalist (Communist Party of the Russian Federation and Liberal Democratic Party of Russia)
Rwanda: Centrist Democratic Party or PDC [Jean-Nipomuscene NAYINZIRA]; Democratic Socialist Party or PSD [Charles NTAKIRUTINKA, Vincent BIRUTA, Augusin IYAMUREMYE]; Democratic Popular Union of Rwanda or UDPR [Adrien RANGIRA]; Democratic Republican Movement or MDR [Celestin KABANDA, Emile NTWARABAKIGA, Christian MARARA]; Islamic Democratic Party or PDI [Andre BUMAYA]; Liberal Party or PL [Pie MUGABO, Enock KABERA, Prosper MUGIRANEZA]; Rwanda Patriotic Army or RPA [Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME, commander]; Rwanda Patriotic Front or FPR [Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME]; Rwandan Socialist Party or PSR [Medard RUTIJANWA]
Saint Helena: none
Saint Kitts and Nevis: Concerned Citizens Movement or CCM [Vance AMORY]; Nevis Reformation Party or NRP [Joseph PARRY]; People's Action Movement or PAM [Lindsey GRANT]; Saint Kitts and Nevis Labor Party or SKNLP [Dr. Denzil DOUGLAS]
Saint Lucia: National Freedom Party or NFP [Martinus FRANCOIS]; Saint Lucia Labor Party or SLP [Kenneth ANTHONY]; United Workers Party or UWP [Dr. Morella JOSEPH]
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR [leader NA]; Socialist Party or PS [leader NA]; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF [leader NA]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: National Reform Party or NRP [Joel MIGUEL]; New Democratic Party or NDP [Arnhim EUSTACE]; People's Progressive Movement or PPM [Ken BOYEA]; Progressive Labor Party or PLP [leader NA]; United People's Movement or UPM [Adrian SAUNDERS]; Unity Labor Party or ULP [Ralph GONSALVES] (formed by the coalition of Saint Vincent Labor Party or SVLP and the Movement for National Unity or MNU)
Samoa: Human Rights Protection Party or HRPP [TUILA'EPA Sailele Malielegaoi, chairman]; Samoa All People's Party or SAPP [Matatumua NAIMOAGA]; Samoan National Development Party or SNDP [TAPUA Tamasese Efi, chairman] (opposition); Samoa National Party [FETU Tiatia, party secretary]; Samoan Progressive Conservative Party [LEOTA Ituau Ale]
San Marino: Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Pier Marino MENICUCCI]; San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or APDS [Mario VENTURINI]; San Marino Progressive Democratic Party or PPDS [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Augusto CASALI]; Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI]
Sao Tome and Principe: Independent Democratic Action or ADI [Carlos NEVES]; Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Manuel Pinto Da COSTA]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Aldo BANDEIRA]; Democratic Renovation Party [Armindo GRACA]; other small parties
Saudi Arabia: none allowed
Senegal: African Party for Democracy and Socialism or And Jef (also known as PADS/AJ) [Landing SAVANE, secretary general]; African Party of Independence [Majhemout DIOP]; Alliance of Forces of Progress or AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]; Democratic and Patriotic Convention or CDP (also known as Garab-Gi) [Dr. Iba Der THIAM]; Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Dr. Abdoulaye BATHILY]; Front for Socialism and Democracy or FSD [Cheikh Abdoulaye DIEYE]; Gainde Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS]; Independence and Labor Party or PIT [Amath DANSOKHO]; National Democratic Rally or RND [Madier DIOUF]; Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE]; Senegalese Democratic Party-Renewal or PDS-R [Serigne Lamine DIOP, secretary general]; Senegalese Democratic Union-Renewal or UDS-R [Mamadou Puritain FALL]; Socialist Party or PS [President Abdou DIOUF]; SOPI Coalition (a 40-party coalition led by the PDS) [Abdoulaye WADE]; Union for Democratic Renewal or URD [Djibo Leyti KA]; other small parties
Seychelles: Democratic Party or DP [James MANCHAM]; Seychelles National Party or SNP (formerly the United Opposition or UO) [Wavel RAMKALAWAN]; Seychelles People's Progressive Front or SPPF [France Albert RENE] - the governing party
Sierra Leone: All People's Congress or APC [Edward Mohammed TURAY, chairman]; Democratic Centre Party or DCP [Adu Aiah KOROMA]; National Democratic Alliance or NDA [Amadu M. B. JALLOH]; National Republican Party or NRP [Sahr Stephen MAMBU]; National Unity Party or NUP [Dr. John KARIMU, chairman]; People's Democratic Party or PDP [Thaimu BANGURA, chairman]; People's Progressive Party or PPP [Abass Chernok BUNDU, chairman]; Revolutionary United Front Party or RUFP [Foday SANKOH, chairman]; Sierra Leone People's Party or SLPP [President Ahmad Tejan KABBAH, chairman]; United National People's Party or UNPP [John KARIFA-SMART in exile, Raymond KAMARA, acting leader]
Singapore: People's Action Party or PAP [GOH Chok Tong, secretary general] - the governing party; Singapore Democratic Party or SDP [CHEE Soon Juan]; Singapore People's Party or SPP [CHIAM See Tong]; Workers' Party or WP [J. B. JEYARETNAM]
Slovakia: Christian Democratic Movement or KDH [Pavol HRUSOVSKY]; Liberal Democratic Union or LDU [Jan BUDAJ]; Movement for a Democratic Slovakia or HZDS [Vladimir MECIAR]; Party of Civic Understanding or SOP [Pavol HAMZIK]; Party of the Democratic Left or SDL [Jozef MIGAS]; Party of the Hungarian Coalition or SMK [Bela BUGAR]; Slovak Democratic and Christian Union or SDKU [Mikulas DZURINDA]; note - this is DZURINDA's new party for 2002 elections; he remains chairman of a rump and splintering SDK; Slovak Democratic Coalition or SDK (loose parliamentary club grouping representing members of the smaller SSDS, SZS, and those committed to run under SDKU in 2002) [Mikulas DZURINDA]; Slovak National Party or SNS [Anna MALIKOVA]
Slovenia: Democratic Party of Retired (Persons) of Slovenia or DeSUS [Janko KUSAR]; Liberal Democratic or LDS [Janez DRNOVSEK, chairman]; New Slovenia or NSI [Andrej BAJUK, chairman]; Slovene National Party or SNS [Zmago JELINCIC, chairman]; Slovene People's Party or SLS (Slovenian People's Party or SLS and Slovenian Christian Democrats or SKD merged in April 2000) [Franc ZAGOZEN, chairman]; Slovene Youth Party or SMS [leader NA]; Social Democratic Party of Slovenia or SDS [Janez JANSA, chairman]; United List of Social Democrats (former Communists and allies) or ZLSD [Borut PAHOR, chairman]
Solomon Islands: there are two main coalitions - Coalition for National Unity, Reconciliation, and Peace or CNURP and Alliance for Change; the CNURP took power on 30 June 2000, it comprises members of the Liberal Party, People's Alliance Party, and the United Party, as well as a number of independents; the Alliance for Change, represents the former government and now is the opposition; in general, Solomon Islands politics is characterized by fluid coalitions; Group for National Unity and Reconciliation or GNUR [leader NA]; Liberal Party [Bartholomew ULUFA'ALU]; National Action Party of Solomon Islands or NAPSI [Francis SAEMALA]; People's Alliance Party or PAP [George LEPPING]; People's Progressive Party [Mannaseh Damukana SOGAVARE]; Solomon Islands Labor Party or SILP [Joses TUHANUKU]; United Party or UP [leader NA]
Somalia: none
South Africa: African Christian Democratic Party or ACDP [Kenneth MESHOE, president]; African National Congress or ANC [Thabo MBEKI, president]; Democratic Alliance (formed from the merger of the Democratic Party or DP and the New National Party or NP) [Anthony LEON, leader]; Freedom Front or FF [Constand VILJOEN, president]; Inkatha Freedom Party or IFP [Mangosuthu BUTHELEZI, president]; Pan-Africanist Congress or PAC [Stanley MOGOBA, president]; United Democratic Movement or UDM [Bantu HOLOMISA]
Spain: Basque Nationalist Party or PNV [Xabier ARZALLUS Antia]; Canarian Coalition or CC (a coalition of five parties) [Paulino RIVERO]; Convergence and Union or CiU [Jordi PUJOL i Soley, secretary general] (a coalition of the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia or CDC [Jordi PUJOL i Soley] and the Democratic Union of Catalonia or UDC [Josep Antoni DURAN y LLEIDA]); Galician Nationalist Bloc or BNG [Xose Manuel BEIRAS]; Party of Independents from Lanzarote or PIL [Dimas MARTIN Martin]; Popular Party or PP [Jose Maria AZNAR Lopez]; Spanish Socialist Workers Party or PSOE [Jose Luis Rodriguez ZAPATERO]; United Left or IU (a coalition of parties including the PCE and other small parties) [Gaspar LLAMAZARES]
Sri Lanka: All Ceylon Tamil Congress or ACTC [Nalliah GURUPAUAN]; Ceylon Workers Congress or CLDC [Arumugam THONDAMAN]; Communist Party [Raja COLLURE]; Democratic United National (Lalith) Front or DUNLF [Srimani ATHULATHMUDALI]; Eelam People's Democratic Party or EPDP [Douglas DEVANANDA]; Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front or EPRLF [Suresh PREMACHANDRA]; Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna or JVP [Tilvan SILVA]; National Unity Alliance or NUA [leader NA]; People's Alliance or PA [Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA]; People's Liberation Organization of Tamil Eelam or PLOTE [D. SIDDATHAN]; Sihala Urumaya or SU [leader NA]; Sri Lanka Freedom Party or SLFP [Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA]; Sri Lanka Muslim Congress or SLMC [Rauff HAKEEM and Ferial ASHRAFF]; Sri Lanka Progressive Front or SLPF [leader NA]; Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization or TELO [SUBRAMANIUM]; Tamil United Liberation Front or TULF [R. SAMPATHAN]; United National Party or UNP [Ranil WICKREMASINGHE]; Upcountry People's Front or UPF [P. CHANDRASEKARAN]; several ethnic Tamil and Muslim parties, represented in either parliament or provincial councils
Sudan: the government allows political "associations" under a 1998 law revised in 2000; to obtain government approval parties must accept the constitution and refrain from advocating or using violence against the regime; approved parties include the National Congress Party or NCP [Ibrahim Ahmed UMAR], Popular National Congress [Hassan al-TURABI], and a handful of minor pro-government parties
Suriname: Democratic Alternative '91 or DA '91 (a coalition of the Alternative Forum or AF and Party for Brotherhood and Unity in Politics or BEP, formed in January 1991) [S. RAMKHELAWAN]; Democratic National Platform 2000 or DNP 2000 (coalition of two parties, Democratic Party and Democrats of the 21st Century) [Jules WIJDENBOSCH]; Independent Progressive Democratic Alternative or OPDA [Joginder RAMKHILAWAN]; Millennium Combination or MC (a coalition of three parties, Democratic Alternative, Party for National Unity and Solidarity, and National Democratic Party) [leader NA]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Desire BOUTERSE]; Naya Kadam or NK [leader NA]; Party for Renewal and Democracy or BVD [Tjan GOBARDHAN]; Party of National Unity and Solidarity or KTPI [Willy SOEMITA]; Pertjaja Luhur [Paul SOMOHARDJO]; Progressive Workers' and Farm Laborers' Union or PALU [Ir Iwan KROLIS]; The New Front or NF (a coalition of four parties Suriname National Party or NPS, Progressive Reform Party or VHP, Suriname Labor Party or SPA, and Pertjaja Luhur) [Ronald R. VENETIAAN]; The Progressive Development Alliance (a combination of three parties, Renewed Progressive Party or HPP, Party of the Federation of Land Workers or PVF, and Suriname Progressive People's Party or PSV) [Harry KISOENSINGH]
Swaziland: Imbokodvo National Movement or INM [leader NA]; Ngwane National Libertatory Congress or NNLC [Obed DLAMINI, president]; People's United Democratic Movement or PUDEMO [Mario MASUKU, president]; Swaziland National Front or SWANAFRO [Elmond SHONGWE, president]; Swaziland Progressive Party or SPP [J. J. NQUKU, president]; Swaziland United Front or SUF [Matsapa SHONGWE, leader]
note: political parties are banned by the constitution promulgated on 13 October 1978; illegal parties are prohibited from holding large public gatherings; the organizations listed are political associations
Sweden: Center Party [Lennart DALEUS]; Christian Democratic Party [Alf SVENSSON]; Communist Workers' Party [Rolf HAGEL]; Green Party [no formal leader but party spokesperson is Briger SCHLAUG]; Left Party or VP (formerly Communist) [Gudrun SCHYMAN]; Liberal People's Party [Lars LEIJONBORG]; Moderate Party (conservative) [Bo LUNDGREN]; New Democracy Party [Vivianne FRANZEN]; Social Democratic Party [Goran PERSSON]
Switzerland: Christian Democratic People's Party (Christichdemokratische Volkspartei der Schweiz or CVP, Parti Democrate-Chretien Suisse or PDC, Partito Democratico-Cristiano Popolare Svizzero or PDC, Partida Cristiandemocratica dalla Svizra or PCD) [Adalbert DURRER, president]; Green Party (Grune Partei der Schweiz or Grune, Parti Ecologiste Suisse or Les Verts, Partito Ecologista Svizzero or I Verdi, Partida Ecologica Svizra or La Verda) [Ruedi BAUMANN, president]; Radical Free Democratic Party (Freisinnig-Demokratische Partei der Schweiz or FDP, Parti Radical-Democratique Suisse or PRD, Partitio Liberal-Radicale Svizzero or PLR) [Franz STEINEGGER, president]; Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz or SPS, Parti Socialist Suisse or PSS, Partito Socialista Svizzero or PSS, Partida Socialdemocratica de la Svizra or PSS) [Christiane BRUNNER, president]; Swiss People's Party (Schweizerische Volkspartei or SVP, Union Democratique du Centre or UDC, Unione Democratica de Centro or UDC, Uniun Democratica dal Center or UDC) [Ueli MAURER, president]; and other minor parties
Syria: National Progressive Front or NPF (includes the Ba'th Party, ASU, Arab Socialist Party, Socialist Unionist Democratic Party, ASP, SCP) [President Bashar al-ASAD]; Arab Socialist Renaissance (Ba'th) Party (governing party) [Bashar al-ASAD, secretary general of the party, and chairman of the National Progressive Front after the death of Hafiz al-ASAD on 10 June 2000]; Arab Socialist Unionist Movement or ASU [Sami SOUFAN]; Arab Socialist Party [Abd al-Ghani KANNUT]; Socialist Unionist Democratic Party [Ahmad al-ASAD]; Syrian Arab Socialist Party or ASP [Safwan KOUDSI]; Syrian Communist Party or SCP [Yusuf FAYSAL]
Tajikistan: Congress of People's Unity of Tajikistan [Saiffidin TURAYEV]; Democratic Party or TDP [Mahmadruzi ISKANDAROV, chairman]; Islamic Rebirth Party [Muhammadsharif HIMMAT-ZODA, chairman]; Lali Badakhshan Movement [Atobek AMIRBEKOV]; National Movement Party [Hakim MUHHABATOV]; Party of Justice and Development [Rahmatullo ZOIROV]; People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMONOV]; Rastokhez (Rebirth) Movement [Tohiri ABDUJABBOR]; Socialist Party [Sherali KENJAEV]; Tajik Communist Party or CPT [Shodi SHABDOLOV]; Adolatho "Justice" Party [Abdurahmon KARIMOV, chairman]
Tanzania: Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo or CHADEMA [Bob MAKANI, chairman]; Chama Cha Mapinduzi or CCM (Revolutionary Party) [Benjamin William MKAPA, chairman]; Civic United Front or CUF [Seif Sharif HAMAD, secretary-general]; Democratic Party (unregistered) [Reverend Christopher MTIKLA, leader]; National Convention for Construction and Reform or NCCR [Kassim MAGUTU, secretary-general]; Tanzania Labor Party or TLP [Augustine Lyatonga MREMA, chairman]; Union for Multiparty Democracy or UMD [leader NA]; United Democratic Party or UDP [John CHEYO, leader]
Thailand: Democratic Party or DP (Prachathipat Party) [CHUAN Likphai]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP (Seri Tham) [PHINIT Charusombat]; Mass Party or MP [CHALERM Yoobamrung, SOPHON Petchsavang]; National Development Party or NDP (Chat Phattana) [KORN Dabbaransi]; New Aspiration Party or NAP (Khwamwang Mai) [Gen. CHAWALIT Yongchaiyut]; Phalang Dharma Party or PDP (Phalang Tham) [CHAIWAT Sinsuwong]; Social Action Party or SAP (Kitsangkhom Party) [leader vacant]; Solidarity Party or SP (Ekkaphap Party) [CHAIYOT Sasomsap]; Thai Citizen's Party or TCP (Prachakon Thai) [SAMAK Sunthonwet]; Thai Nation Party or TNP (Chat Thai Party) [BANHAN Sinlapa-acha]; Thai Rak Thai Party or TRT [THAKSIN Chinnawat]
Togo: Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Yawovi AGBOYIBO]; Coordination des Forces Nouvelles or CFN [Joseph KOFFIGOH]; Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA [Leopold GNININVI]; Party for Democracy and Renewal or PDR [Zarifou AYEVA]; Patriotic Pan-African Convergence or CPP [Edem KODJO]; Rally of the Togolese People or RPT [President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA]; Union of Forces for Change or UFC [Gilchrist OLYMPIO (in exile), Jeane-Pierre FABRE, general secretary in Togo]; Union of Independent Liberals or ULI [Jacques AMOUZO]
note: Rally of the Togolese People or RPT, led by President EYADEMA, was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991
Tokelau: none
Tonga: Human Rights and Democracy Movement [Huliki WATAB, chairman, Viliami FUKOFUKA, president, 'Akilisi POHIVA, vice president]
Trinidad and Tobago: National Alliance for Reconstruction or NAR [Hochay CHARLES]; People's Empowerment Party or PEP [leader NA]; People's National Movement or PNM [Patrick MANNING]; United National Congress or UNC [Basdeo PANDAY]
Tunisia: Al-Tajdid Movement [Adel CHAOUCH]; Constitutional Democratic Rally Party (Rassemblement Constitutionnel Democratique) or RCD [President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI (official ruling party)]; Liberal Social Party or PSL [Mounir BEJI]; Movement of Democratic Socialists or MDS [Khamis CHAMMARI]; Popular Unity Party or PUP [Mohamed Belhaj AMOR]; Unionist Democratic Union or UDU [Abderrahmane TLILI]
Turkey: Democratic Left Party or DSP [Bulent ECEVIT]; Motherland Party or ANAP [Mesut YILMAZ]; Nationalist Action Party or MHP [Devlet BAHCELI]; True Path Party or DYP [Tansu CILLER]; Virtue Party or FP [Recai KUTAN]; note - in June 2001, Turkey's Constitutional Court banned the party; its representatives (except for two) can stay on in the Grand National Assembly as independents
note: Welfare Party or RP [Necmettin ERBAKAN] was officially outlawed on 22 February 1998
Turkmenistan: Democratic Party of Turkmenistan or DPT [Saparmurat NIYAZOV]
note: formal opposition parties are outlawed; unofficial, small opposition movements exist underground or in foreign countries
Turks and Caicos Islands: People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Derek H. TAYLOR]; Progressive National Party or PNP [Washington MISICK]; United Democratic Party or UDP [Wendal SWANN]
Tuvalu: there are no political parties but members of Parliament usually align themselves in informal groupings
Uganda: only one political organization, the National Resistance Movement or NRM [President MUSEVENI, chairman] is allowed to operate unfettered; note - the president maintains that the NRM is not a political party, but a movement which claims the loyalty of all Ugandans
note: the new constitution requires the suspension of political parties while the Movement system is in governanace; of the political parties that exist but are prohibited from sponsoring candidates, the most important are the Ugandan People's Congress or UPC [Milton OBOTE]; Democratic Party or DP [Paul SSEMOGERERE]; Conservative Party or CP [Joshua S. MAYANJA-NKANGI]; Justice Forum [Muhammad Kibirige MAYANJA]; and National Democrats Forum [Chapaa KARUHANGA]
Ukraine: Communist Party of Ukraine [Petro SYMONENKO]; Fatherland (Motherland) All Ukrainian Party [Yuliya TYMOSHENKO, chairperson]; Green Party of Ukraine or PZU [Vitaliy KONONOV, chairman]; Hromada [Pavlo LAZARENKO]; Party of Regional Revival of Ukraine or PRVU [Volodymyr RYBAK]; Peasant Party of Ukraine or SelPU [Serhiy DOVHAN]; People's Democratic Party [Valeriy PUSTOVOYTENKO, chairman]; People's Movement of Ukraine or Rukh U [Hennadiy UDOVENKO, chairman]; Progressive Socialist Party [Nataliya VITRENKO]; Reforms and Order Party/Reforms-Congress [Viktor PYNZENYK]; Socialist Party of Ukraine or SPU [Oleksandr MOROZ, chairman]; Solidarity [leader NA]; Trudova Ukrayina/Working Ukraine [Igor SHAROV, chairman]; Ukrainian Popular Movement or Rukh K [Yuriy KOSTENKO, chairman]; United Social Democratic Party of Ukraine [Viktor MEDVEDCHUK]
note: and numerous smaller parties
United Arab Emirates: none
United Kingdom: Conservative and Unionist Party [William HAGUE]; Democratic Unionist Party (Northern Ireland) [Rev. Ian PAISLEY]; Labor Party [Anthony (Tony) Blair]; Liberal Democrats [Charles KENNEDY]; Party of Wales (Plaid Cymru) [Ieuan Wyn JONES]; Scottish National Party or SNP [John SWINNEY]; Sinn Fein (Northern Ireland) [Gerry ADAMS]; Social Democratic and Labor Party or SDLP (Northern Ireland) [John HUME]; Ulster Unionist Party (Northern Ireland) [David TRIMBLE]
United States: Democratic Party [Terence McAULIFFE, national committee chairman]; Republican Party [James S. GILMORE III, national committee chairman]; several other groups or parties of minor political significance
Uruguay: Colorado Party [Jorge BATLLE]; National Party or Blanco [Alberto VOLONTE]; New Sector/Space Coalition or Nuevo Espacio [Rafael MICHELINI]; Progressive Encounter in the Broad Front or Encuentro Progresista [Tabare VAZQUEZ]
Uzbekistan: Adolat (Justice) Social Democratic Party [Anwar JURABAYEV, first secretary]; Democratic National Rebirth Party (Milly Tiklanish) or MTP [Aziz KAYUMOV, chairman]; Fatherland Progress Party [Anwar Z. YOLDASHEV]; People's Democratic Party or NDP (formerly Communist Party) [Abdulkhafiz JALOLOV, first secretary]; Self-Sacrificers Party or Fidokorlar National Democratic Party [Ahtam TURSUNOV, first secretary]
Vanuatu: Melanesian Progressive Party or MPP [Barak SOPE]; National United Party or NUP [Willie TITONGOA]; Union of Moderate Parties or UMP [Serge VOHOR]; Vanuaaku Party (Our Land Party) or VP [Edward NATAPEI]; Vanuatu Republican Party [Maxime Carlot KORMAN]
Venezuela: Brave Peoples Alliance or ABP [leader NA]; Democratic Action or AD [Henry RAMOS Allup]; Fifth Republic Movement or MVR [leader Luis MIQUILENA]; Homeland for All or PPT [Pablo MEDINA]; Justice First [leader NA]; Movement Toward Socialism or MAS [Felipe MUJICA]; National Convergence or Convergencia [Dr. Rafael CALDERA Rodriguez]; Radical Cause or La Causa R [Andres VELASQUEZ]; Social Christian Party or COPEI [Jose CURIEL]; Venezuela Project or PV [Henrique SALAS Ronier]
Vietnam: only party - Communist Party of Vietnam or CPV [Le Kha PHIEU, general secretary]
Virgin Islands: Democratic Party [Arturo WATLINGTON]; Independent Citizens' Movement or ICM [Usie RICHON]; Republican Party [Gary SCROUVE]
Wallis and Futuna: Lua Kae Tahi (Giscardians) [leader NA]; Mouvement des Radicaux de Gauche or MRG [leader NA]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Clovis LOGOLOGOFOLAU]; Taumu'a Lelei [Soane Muni UHILA]; Union Populaire Locale or UPL [Falakiko GATA]; Union Pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF [leader NA]
Yemen: there are over 12 political parties active in Yemen, some of the more prominent are: General People's Congress or GPC [President Ali Abdallah SALIH]; Islamic Reform Grouping or Islah [Shaykh Abdallah bin Husayn al-AHMAR]; National Arab Socialist Baath Party [Dr. Qassim SALAAM]; Nasserite Unionist Party [Abdel Malik al-MAKHLAFI]; Yemeni Socialist Party or YSP [Ali Salih MUQBIL]
note: President SALIH's General People's Congress or GPC won a landslide victory in the April 1997 legislative election and no longer governs in coalition with Shaykh Abdallah bin Husayn al-AHMAR's Islamic Reform Grouping or Islah - the two parties had been in coalition since the end of the civil war in 1994; the YSP, a loyal opposition party, boycotted the April 1997 legislative election, but announced that it would participate in Yemen's first local elections to be held in February 2001; these local elections aim to decentralize political power and are a key element of the government's political reform program
Yugoslavia: Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians or SVM [Jozsef KASZA]; Civic Alliance of Serbia or GSS [Vesna PESIC]; Coalition Sandzak [Rasim JAJIC]; Coalition Sumadija [Branislav KOVACEVIC]; Democratic Alternative of DA [Nebojsa COVIC]; Democratic Center or DC [Dragoljub MICUNOVIC]; Democratic Christian Party of Serbia of DHSS [Vladan BATIC]; Democratic League of Kosovo or LDK [Dr. Ibrahim RUGOVA, president]; Democratic Opposition of Serbia or DOS [leader NA]; Democratic Party or DS [Zoran DJINDJIC]; Democratic Party of Serbia or DSS [Vojislav KOSTUNICA]; Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro or DPS [Milo DJUKANOVIC]; Movement for a Democratic Serbia or PDS [Momcilo PERISIC]; New Democracy or ND [Dusan MIHAJLOVIC]; New Serbia [Velimir ILIC and Milan St. PROTIC]; People's Party of Montenegro or NS [Dragan SOC]; Serb People's Party or SNS [leader NA]; Serbian Radical Party or SRS [Vojislav SESELJ]; Serbian Renewal Movement or SPO [Vuk DRASKOVIC, president]; Serbian Socialist Party or SPS (former Communist Party) [Slobodan MILOSEVIC]; Social Democracy or SD [Vuk OBRADOVIC]; Social Democratic Union or SDU [Zarko KORAC]; Socialist People's Party of Montenegro or SNP [Momir BULATOVIC]; Yugoslav United Left or JUL [Ljubisa RISTIC]
Zambia: Agenda for Zambia or AZ [Akashambatwa LEWANIKA]; Labor Party or LP [Chibiza MFUNI]; Liberal Progressive Front or LPF [Roger CHONGWE, president]; Movement for Democratic Process or MDP [Chama CHAKOM BOKA]; Movement for Multiparty Democracy or MMD [Frederick CHILUBA]; National Party or NP [Daniel LISULO]; Republican Party or RP [Ben MWILA]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Gwendoline Konie]; United National Independence Party or UNIP [Tilyenji KAUNDA]; United Party for National Development or UPND [Anderson MAZOKA]; Zambia Democratic Congress or Zadeco [Eden JERRY, acting head]
Zimbabwe: Movement for Democratic Change or MDC [Morgan TSVANGIRAI]; Popular Democratic Front or PDF [Austin CHAKAODZA]; United Parties [Abel MUZOREWA]; Zimbabwe African National Union-Ndonga or ZANU-Ndonga [Ndabaningi SITHOLE]; Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front or ZANU-PF [Robert MUGABE]; Zimbabwe Unity Movement or ZUM [Edgar TEKERE]
Taiwan: Chinese New Party or CNP [HAU Lang-bin]; Democratic Progressive Party or DPP [Frank HSIEH, chairman]; Kuomintang or KMT (Nationalist Party) [LIEN Chan, chairman]; New Party or NP [LI Ching-hwa]; People First Party or PFP [James SOONG, chairman]; other minor parties
======================================================================
@Political pressure groups and leaders
Afghanistan: Afghan refugees in Pakistan, Australia, US, and elsewhere have organized politically; Mellat (Social Democratic Party) [leader NA]; Peshawar, Pakistan-based groups such as the Coordination Council for National Unity and Understanding in Afghanistan or CUNUA [Ishaq GAILANI]; tribal elders represent traditional Pashtun leadership; Writers Union of Free Afghanistan or WUFA [A. Rasul AMIN]
Albania: NA
Algeria: NA
American Samoa: NA
Andorra: NA
Angola: Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or FLEC [N'zita Henriques TIAGO; Antonio Bento BEMBE]
note: FLEC is waging a small-scale, highly factionalized, armed struggle for the independence of Cabinda Province
Anguilla: NA
Antigua and Barbuda: Antigua Trades and Labor Union or ATLU [William ROBINSON]; People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Hugh MARSHALL]
Argentina: Argentine Association of Pharmaceutical Labs (CILFA); Argentine Industrial Union (manufacturers' association); Argentine Rural Society (large landowners' association); business organizations; General Confederation of Labor or CGT (Peronist-leaning umbrella labor organization); Peronist-dominated labor movement; Roman Catholic Church; students
Armenia: NA
Aruba: NA
Australia: Australian Democratic Labor Party (anti-Communist Labor Party splinter group); Peace and Nuclear Disarmament Action (Nuclear Disarmament Party splinter group)
Austria: Austrian Trade Union Federation (primarily Socialist) or OeGB; Federal Economic Chamber; OeVP-oriented League of Austrian Industrialists or VOeI; Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action; three composite leagues of the Austrian People's Party or OeVP representing business, labor, and farmers
Azerbaijan: Sadval, Lezgin movement; self-proclaimed Armenian Nagorno-Karabakh Republic; Talysh independence movement
Bahamas, The: NA
Bahrain: Shi'a activists fomented unrest sporadically 1994-97, demanding the return of an elected National Assembly and an end to unemployment; several small, clandestine leftist and Islamic fundamentalist groups are active
Bangladesh: NA
Barbados: Barbados Workers Union [Leroy TROTMAN]; Clement Payne Labor Union [David COMMISSIONG]; People's Progressive Movement [Eric SEALY]; Worker's Party of Barbados [Dr. George BELLE]
Belarus: NA
Belgium: Christian and Socialist Trade Unions; Federation of Belgian Industries; numerous other associations representing bankers, manufacturers, middle-class artisans, and the legal and medical professions; various organizations represent the cultural interests of Flanders and Wallonia; various peace groups such as Pax Christi and groups representing immigrants
Belize: Society for the Promotion of Education and Research or SPEAR [Diane HAYLOCK]; United Worker's Front
Benin: NA
Bermuda: Bermuda Industrial Union or BIU [Derrick BURGESS]; Bermuda Public Services Association or BPSA [Betty CHRISTOPHER]
Bhutan: Buddhist clergy; ethnic Nepalese organizations leading militant antigovernment campaign; Indian merchant community; United Front for Democracy (exiled)
Bolivia: Cocalero Groups; indigenous organizations; labor unions
Bosnia and Herzegovina: NA
Botswana: NA
Brazil: left wing of the Catholic Church, Landless Worker's Movement, and labor unions allied to leftist Worker's Party are critical of government's social and economic policies
British Virgin Islands: NA
Brunei: NA
Bulgaria: agrarian movement; Bulgarian Democratic Center; Confederation of Independent Trade Unions of Bulgaria or CITUB; Democratic Alliance for the Republic or DAR; New Union for Democracy or NUD; Podkrepa Labor Confederation; numerous regional, ethnic, and national interest groups with various agendas
Burkina Faso: Burkinabe General Confederation of Labor or CGTB; Burkinabe Movement for Human Rights or HBDHP; Group of 14 February; National Confederation of Burkinabe Workers or CNTB; National Organization of Free Unions or ONSL; watchdog/political action groups throughout the country in both organizations and communities
Burma: All Burma Student Democratic Front or ABSDF; Kachin Independence Army or KIA; Karen National Union or KNU; National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma or NCGUB [Dr. SEIN WIN] consists of individuals legitimately elected to the People's Assembly but not recognized by the military regime; the group fled to a border area and joined with insurgents in December 1990 to form a parallel government; several Shan factions; United Wa State Army or UWSA
Burundi: Loosely organized Tutsi militias, often affiliated with Tutsi extremist parties
Cambodia: NA
Cameroon: Cameroon Anglophone Movement or CAM [Vishe FAI, secretary general]; Southern Cameroon National Council [Nfor Ngala NFOR, acting]
Canada: NA
Cape Verde: NA
Cayman Islands: NA
Central African Republic: NA
Chad: NA
Chile: revitalized university student federations at all major universities; Roman Catholic Church; United Labor Central or CUT includes trade unionists from the country's five largest labor confederations
China: no substantial political opposition groups exist, although the government has identified the Falungong sect and the China Democracy Party as potential rivals
Christmas Island: none
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: none
Colombia: two largest insurgent groups active in Colombia - National Liberation Army or ELN and Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia or FARC; largest paramilitary group is United Self-Defense Groups of Colombia or AUC
Comoros: NA
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: NA
Congo, Republic of the: Congolese Trade Union Congress or CSC; General Union of Congolese Pupils and Students or UGEEC; Revolutionary Union of Congolese Women or URFC; Union of Congolese Socialist Youth or UJSC
Cook Islands: NA
Costa Rica: Authentic Confederation of Democratic Workers or CATD (Communist Party affiliate); Chamber of Coffee Growers; Confederated Union of Workers or CUT (Communist Party affiliate); Costa Rican Confederation of Democratic Workers or CCTD (Liberation Party affiliate); Federation of Public Service Workers or FTSP; National Association for Economic Development or ANFE; National Association of Educators or ANDE; Rerum Novarum or CTRN (PLN affiliate) [Gilbert Brown]
Cote d'Ivoire: NA
Croatia: NA
Cuba: NA
Cyprus: Confederation of Cypriot Workers or SEK (pro-West); Confederation of Revolutionary Labor Unions or Dev-Is; Federation of Turkish Cypriot Labor Unions or Turk-Sen; Pan-Cyprian Labor Federation or PEO (Communist controlled)
Czech Republic: Czech-Moravian Confederation of Trade Unions [Richard FALBR]
Denmark: NA
Djibouti: Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy or FRUD and affiliates; Movement for Unity and Democracy or MUD
Dominica: Dominica Liberation Movement or DLM (a small leftist party)
Dominican Republic: Collective of Popular Organizations or COP
Ecuador: Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador or CONAIE [Antonio VARGAS]; Coordinator of Social Movements or CMS [F. Napoleon SANTOS]; Popular Front or FP [Luis VILLACIS]
Egypt: despite a constitutional ban against religious-based parties, the technically illegal Muslim Brotherhood constitutes MUBARAK's potentially most significant political opposition; MUBARAK tolerated limited political activity by the Brotherhood for his first two terms, but moved more aggressively since then to block its influence; civic society groups are sanctioned, but constrained in practical terms; trade unions and professional associations are officially sanctioned
El Salvador: labor organizations - Electrical Industry Union of El Salvador or SIES; Federation of the Construction Industry, Similar Transport and other activities, or FESINCONTRANS; National Confederation of Salvadoran Workers or CNTS; National Union of Salvadoran Workers or UNTS; Port Industry Union of El Salvador or SIPES; Salvadoran Union of Ex-Petrolleros and Peasant Workers or USEPOC; Salvadoran Workers Central or CTS; Workers Union of Electrical Corporation or STCEL; business organizations - National Association of Small Enterprise or ANEP; Salvadoran Assembly Industry Association or ASIC; Salvadoran Industrial Association or ASI
Equatorial Guinea: NA
Eritrea: Eritrean Islamic Jihad or EIJ; Eritrean Liberation Front or ELF [ABDULLAH Muhammed]; Eritrean Liberation Front-Revolutionary Council or ELF-RC [Ahmed NASSER]; Eritrean Liberation Front-United Organization or ELF-UO [Mohammed Said NAWD]
Estonia: NA
Ethiopia: Southern Ethiopia People's Democratic Coalition; numerous small, ethnically based groups have formed since the defeat of the former MENGISTU regime in 1991, including several Islamic militant groups
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): none
Faroe Islands: NA
Fiji: NA
Finland: Communist Workers Party [Timo LAHDENMAKI]; Constitutional Rightist Party; Finnish Communist Party-Unity [Yrjo HAKANEN]; Finnish Pensioners Party
France: Communist-controlled labor union (Confederation Generale du Travail) or CGT, nearly 2.4 million members (claimed); independent labor union or Force Ouvriere, 1 million members (est.); independent white-collar union or Confederation Generale des Cadres, 340,000 members (claimed); National Council of French Employers (Conseil National du Patronat Francais) or CNPF or Patronat; Socialist-leaning labor union (Confederation Francaise Democratique du Travail) or CFDT, about 800,000 members (est.)
French Guiana: NA
French Polynesia: NA
Gabon: NA
Gambia, The: NA
Georgia: Georgian refugees from Abkhazia (Abkhaz faction in Georgian Parliament); separatist elements in the breakaway region of Abkhazia; supporters of the late ousted President Zviad GAMSAKHURDYA remain a source of opposition
Germany: employers' organizations; expellee, refugee, trade unions, and veterans groups
Ghana: NA
Gibraltar: Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Representatives Organization; Housewives Association
Greece: NA
Greenland: NA
Grenada: NA
Guadeloupe: Christian Movement for the Liberation of Guadeloupe or KLPG; General Federation of Guadeloupe Workers or CGT-G; General Union of Guadeloupe Workers or UGTG; Movement for Independent Guadeloupe or MPGI
Guam: NA
Guatemala: Agrarian Owners Group or UNAGRO; Alliance Against Impunity or AAI; Committee for Campesino Unity or CUC; Coordinating Committee of Agricultural, Commercial, Industrial, and Financial Associations or CACIF; Mutual Support Group or GAM
Guernsey: none
Guinea: NA
Guinea-Bissau: NA
Guyana: Civil Liberties Action Committee or CLAC; Guyana Council of Indian Organizations or GCIO; Rise, Organize and Rebuild or ROAR [Ravi DEV]; Trades Union Congress or TUC
note: the GCIO and the CLAC are small and active but not well organized
Haiti: Autonomous Haitian Workers or CATH; Confederation of Haitian Workers or CTH; Federation of Workers Trade Unions or FOS; National Popular Assembly or APN; Papaye Peasants Movement or MPP; Popular Organizations Gathering Power or PROP; Roman Catholic Church
Holy See (Vatican City): none (exclusive of influence exercised by church officers)
Honduras: Committee for the Defense of Human Rights in Honduras or CODEH; Confederation of Honduran Workers or CTH; Coordinating Committee of Popular Organizations or CCOP; General Workers Confederation or CGT; Honduran Council of Private Enterprise or COHEP; National Association of Honduran Campesinos or ANACH; National Union of Campesinos or UNC; Popular Bloc or BP; United Federation of Honduran Workers or FUTH
Hong Kong: Chinese General Chamber of Commerce (pro-China); Chinese Manufacturers' Association of Hong Kong; Confederation of Trade Unions (pro-democracy) [LAU Chin-shek, president; LEE Cheuk-yan, general secretary]; Federation of Hong Kong Industries; Federation of Trade Unions (pro-China) [LEE Chark-tim, president]; Hong Kong Alliance in Support of the Patriotic Democratic Movement in China [Szeto WAH, chairman]; Hong Kong and Kowloon Trade Union Council (pro-Taiwan); Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce; Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union [CHEUNG Man-kwong, president]; Liberal Democratic Federation [HU Fa-kuang, chairman]
Hungary: NA
Iceland: NA
India: numerous religious or militant/chauvinistic organizations, including Vishwa Hindu Parishad, Bajrang Dal, and Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh; various separatist groups seeking greater communal and/or regional autonomy, including the All Parties Hurriyat Conference
Indonesia: NA
Iran: active student groups include the pro-reform "Organization for Strengthening Unity" and "the Union of Islamic Student Societies'; groups that generally support the Islamic Republic include Ansar-e Hizballah, Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution, Muslim Students Following the Line of the Imam, and the Islamic Coalition Association; opposition groups include the Liberation Movement of Iran and the Nation of Iran party; armed political groups that have been almost completely repressed by the government include Mojahedin-e Khalq Organization (MEK), People's Fedayeen, Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan; the Society for the Defense of Freedom
Iraq: any formal political activity must be sanctioned by the government; opposition to regime from Kurdish groups and southern Shi'a dissidents
Ireland: NA
Israel: Gush Emunim, Israeli nationalists advocating Jewish settlement on the West Bank and Gaza Strip; Peace Now supports territorial concessions in the West Bank and is critical of government's Lebanon policy
Italy: Italian manufacturers and merchants associations (Confindustria, Confcommercio); organized farm groups (Confcoltivatori, Confagricoltura); Roman Catholic Church; three major trade union confederations (Confederazione Generale Italiana del Lavoro or CGIL [Sergio COFFERATI] which is left wing, Confederazione Italiana dei Sindacati Lavoratori or CISL [Sergio D'ANTONI] which is Catholic centrist, and Unione Italiana del Lavoro or UIL [Pietro LARIZZA] which is lay centrist)
Jamaica: New Beginnings Movement or NBM; Rastafarians (black religious/racial cultists, pan-Africanists)
Japan: NA
Jersey: none
Jordan: Council of Professional Association Presidents [Ahmad al-QADIRI, chairman]; Jordanian Press Association [Sayf al-SHARIF, president]; Muslim Brotherhood [Abd-al-Majid DHUNAYBAT, secretary general]
Kazakhstan: Kazakhstan International Bureau on Human Rights [Yevgeniy ZHOVTIS, executive director]
Kenya: human rights groups; labor unions; Muslim organizations; National Convention Executive Council or NCEC, a proreform coalition of political parties and nongovernment organizations [Kivutha KIBWANA]; Protestant National Council of Churches of Kenya or NCCK [Mutava MUSYIMI]; Roman Catholic and other Christian churches; Supreme Council of Kenya Muslims or SUPKEM [Shaykh Abdul Gafur al-BUSAIDY, chairman]
Kiribati: NA
Korea, North: NA
Korea, South: Federation of Korean Industries; Federation of Korean Trade Unions; Korean Confederation of Trade Unions; Korean National Council of Churches; Korean Traders Association; Korean Veterans' Association; National Council of Labor Unions; National Democratic Alliance of Korea; National Federation of Farmers' Associations; National Federation of Student Associations
Kuwait: several political groups act as de facto parties: Bedouins, merchants, Sunni and Shi'a activists, and secular leftists and nationalists
Kyrgyzstan: Council of Free Trade Unions; Kyrgyz Committee on Human Rights [Ramazan DYRYIDAYEV]; National Unity Democratic Movement; Union of Entrepreneurs
Laos: noncommunist political groups proscribed; most opposition leaders fled the country in 1975
Latvia: NA
Lebanon: NA
Lesotho: NA
Liberia: NA
Libya: various Arab nationalist movements with almost negligible memberships may be functioning clandestinely, as well as some Islamic elements
Liechtenstein: NA
Lithuania: NA
Luxembourg: ABBL (bankers' association); ALEBA (financial sector trade union); Centrale Paysanne (federation of agricultural producers); CEP (professional sector chamber); CGFP (trade union representing civil service); Chambre de Commerce (Chamber of Commerce); Chambre des Metiers (Chamber of Artisans); FEDIL (federation of industrialists); LCGP (center-right trade union); OGBL (center-left trade union)
Macau: Catholic Church [Domingos LAM, bishop]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO, managing director]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong, leader]
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: NA
Madagascar: Federalist Movement; National Council of Christian Churches or FFKM
Malawi: NA
Malaysia: NA
Maldives: none
Mali: Patriotic Movement of the Ghanda Koye or MPGK; United Movement and Fronts of Azawad or MFUA
Malta: NA
Man, Isle of: none
Marshall Islands: NA
Martinique: Association for the Protection of Martinique's Heritage (ecologist) [Garcin MALSA]; Caribbean Revolutionary Alliance or ARC; Central Union for Martinique Workers or CSTM [Marc PULVAR]; Frantz Fanon Circle; League of Workers and Peasants; Proletarian Action Group or GAP; Socialist Revolution Group or GRS [Philippe PIERRE-CHARLES]
Mauritania: Arab nationalists; Ba'athists; General Confederation of Mauritanian Workers or CGTM [Abdallahi Ould MOHAMED, secretary general]; Independent Confederation of Mauritanian Workers or CLTM [Samory Ould BEYE]; Islamists; Mauritanian Workers Union or UTM [Mohamed Ely Ould BRAHIM, secretary general]
Mauritius: various labor unions
Mayotte: NA
Mexico: Confederation of Employers of the Mexican Republic or COPARMEX; Confederation of Industrial Chambers or CONCAMIN; Confederation of Mexican Workers or CTM; Confederation of National Chambers of Commerce or CONCANACO; Coordinator for Foreign Trade Business Organizations or COECE; Federation of Unions Providing Goods and Services or FESEBES; National Chamber of Transformation Industries or CANACINTRA; National Peasant Confederation or CNC; National Union of Workers or UNT; Regional Confederation of Mexican Workers or CROM; Revolutionary Confederation of Workers and Peasants or CROC; Roman Catholic Church
Moldova: NA
Monaco: NA
Mongolia: NA
Montserrat: NA
Morocco: Association of Popular Trade Unions or ADP [leader NA]; Democratic Confederation of Labor or CDT [Noubir AMAOUI]; Democratic National Trade Union or USND [leader NA]; Democratic Trade Union or SD [leader NA]; General Union of Moroccan Workers or UGTM [Abderrazzak AFILAL]; Labor Union Commissions or CS [leader NA]; Moroccan National Workers Union or UNMT [leader NA]; Moroccan Union of Workers or UTM [Mahjoub BENSEDIQ]; Party of Shura and Istiqla [Abdelwaheb MAASH]
Mozambique: NA
Namibia: NA
Nauru: NA
Nepal: Maoist guerrilla-based insurgency; numerous small, left-leaning student groups in the capital; several small, radical Nepalese antimonarchist groups
Netherlands: Federation of Netherlands Trade Union Movement (comprising Socialist and Catholic trade unions) and a Protestant trade union; Federation of Catholic and Protestant Employers Associations; Interchurch Peace Council or IKV; large multinational firms; the nondenominational Federation of Netherlands Enterprises
Netherlands Antilles: NA
New Caledonia: NA
New Zealand: NA
Nicaragua: National Workers Front or FNT is a Sandinista umbrella group of eight labor unions including - Farm Workers Association or ATC, Health Workers Federation or FETASALUD, Heroes and Martyrs Confederation of Professional Associations or CONAPRO, National Association of Educators of Nicaragua or ANDEN, National Union of Employees or UNE, National Union of Farmers and Ranchers or UNAG, Sandinista Workers Central or CST, and Union of Journalists of Nicaragua or UPN; Permanent Congress of Workers or CPT is an umbrella group of four non-Sandinista labor unions including - Autonomous Nicaraguan Workers Central or CTN-A, Confederation of Labor Unification or CUS, Independent General Confederation of Labor or CGT-I, and Labor Action and Unity Central or CAUS; Nicaraguan Workers' Central or CTN is an independent labor union; Superior Council of Private Enterprise or COSEP is a confederation of business groups
Niger: NA
Nigeria: NA
Niue: NA
Norfolk Island: none
Northern Mariana Islands: NA
Norway: NA
Oman: none
Pakistan: military remains important political force; ulema (clergy), landowners, industrialists, and small merchants also influential
Palau: NA
Panama: Chamber of Commerce; National Civic Crusade; National Council of Organized Workers or CONATO; National Union of Construction and Similar Workers (SUNTRACS); National Council of Private Enterprise or CONEP; Panamanian Association of Business Executives or APEDE; Panamanian Industrialists Society or SIP; Workers Confederation of the Republic of Panama or CTRP
Papua New Guinea: NA
Paraguay: Ahorristas Estafados or AE; National Workers Central or CNT; Paraguayan Workers Confederation or CPT; Roman Catholic Church; Unitary Workers Central or CUT
Peru: leftist guerrilla groups include Shining Path [Abimael GUZMAN Reynoso (imprisoned), Gabriel MACARIO (top leader at-large)]; Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement or MRTA [Victor POLAY (imprisoned), Hugo AVALLENEDA Valdez (top leader at-large)]
Philippines: NA
Pitcairn Islands: none
Poland: All Poland Trade Union Alliance or OPZZ (trade union); Roman Catholic Church; Solidarity (trade union)
Portugal: NA
Puerto Rico: Armed Forces for National Liberation or FALN; Armed Forces of Popular Resistance; Boricua Popular Army (also known as the Macheteros); Volunteers of the Puerto Rican Revolution
Qatar: none
Reunion: NA
Romania: various human rights and professional associations
Russia: NA
Rwanda: IBUKA - association of genocide survivors
Saint Helena: none
Saint Kitts and Nevis: NA
Saint Lucia: NA
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: NA
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: NA
Samoa: NA
San Marino: NA
Sao Tome and Principe: NA
Saudi Arabia: none
Senegal: labor; Muslim brotherhoods; students; teachers
Seychelles: Roman Catholic Church; trade unions
Sierra Leone: Trade Unions and Student Unions
Singapore: NA
Slovakia: Association of Employers of Slovakia; Association of Towns and Villages or ZMOS; Confederation of Trade Unions or KOZ; Metal Workers Unions or KOVO and METALURG
Slovenia: NA
Solomon Islands: NA
Somalia: numerous clan and subclan factions are currently vying for power
South Africa: Congress of South African Trade Unions or COSATU [Zwelinzima VAVI, general secretary]; South African Communist Party or SACP [Blade NZIMANDE, general secretary]; South African National Civics Organization or SANCO [Mlungisi HLONGWANE, national president]; note - COSATU and SACP are in a formal alliance with the ANC
Spain: business and landowning interests; Catholic Church; Euskal Herritarok or EH [Herri BATASUNA]; free labor unions (authorized in April 1977); on the extreme left, the Basque Fatherland and Liberty or ETA and the First of October Antifascist Resistance Group or GRAPO use terrorism to oppose the government; Opus Dei; Socialist General Union of Workers or UGT and the smaller independent Workers Syndical Union or USO; university students; Workers Confederation or CC.OO
Sri Lanka: Buddhist clergy; labor unions; Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam or LTTE (insurgent group fighting for a separate state); radical chauvinist Sinhalese groups such as the National Movement Against Terrorism; Sinhalese Buddhist lay groups
Sudan: National Congress Party [Ibrahim Ahmed UMAR] (front for the National Islamic Front or NIF); Popular National Congress [Hassan al-TURABI]; Umma [Sadiq al-MAHDI]; Democratic Unionist Party [Muhammed Uthman AL-MIRGHANI]; National Democratic Alliance [Muhammed Uthman AL-MIRGHANI, chairman]; Sudan People's Liberation Army [Dr. John GARANG]
Suriname: General Liberation and Development Party or ABOP [Ronnie BRUNSWIJK]; Mandela Bushnegro Liberation Movement [Leendert ADAMS]; Tucayana Amazonica [Alex JUBITANA, Thomas SABAJO]; Union for Liberation and Democracy [Kofi AFONGPONG]
Swaziland: NA
Sweden: NA
Switzerland: NA
Syria: conservative religious leaders; Muslim Brotherhood (operates in exile in Jordan and Yemen); non-Ba'th parties have little effective political influence
Tajikistan: NA
Tanzania: NA
Thailand: NA
Togo: NA
Tokelau: none
Tonga: Pro-Democracy and Human Rights Movement [leader NA]
Trinidad and Tobago: Jamaat Al Musilmeen [Abu BAKR]
Tunisia: the Islamic fundamentalist party, Al Nahda (Renaissance), is outlawed
Turkey: Confederation of Revolutionary Workers Unions or DISK [Ridvan BUDAK]; Independent Industrialists and Businessmen's Association or MUSIAD [Erol YARAR]; Moral Rights Workers Union or Hak-Is [Salim USLU]; Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association or TUSIAD [Muharrem KAYHAN]; Turkish Confederation of Employers' Unions or TISK [Refik BAYDUR]; Turkish Confederation of Labor or Turk-Is [Bayram MERAL]; Turkish Union of Chambers of Commerce and Commodity Exchanges or TOBB [Fuat MIRAS]
Turkmenistan: NA
Turks and Caicos Islands: NA
Tuvalu: none
Uganda: NA
Ukraine: NA
United Arab Emirates: NA
United Kingdom: Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament; Confederation of British Industry; National Farmers' Union; Trades Union Congress
United States: NA
Uruguay: NA
Uzbekistan: Birlik (Unity) Movement [Abdurakhim PULAT, chairman]; Erk (Freedom) Democratic Party [Muhammad SOLIH, chairman] was banned 9 December 1992; Human Rights Society of Uzbekistan [Abdumanob PULAT, chairman]; Independent Human Rights Society of Uzbekistan [Mikhail ARDZINOV, chairman]
Vanuatu: NA
Venezuela: FEDECAMARAS, a conservative business group; VECINOS groups; Venezuelan Confederation of Workers or CTV (labor organization dominated by the Democratic Action)
Vietnam: none
Virgin Islands: NA
Wallis and Futuna: NA
Western Sahara: none
Yemen: NA
Yugoslavia: Alliance for the Future of Kosovo or AAK [leader RAMUSH]; Group of 17 Independent Economists or G-17 [leader NA]; National Movement for the Liberation of Kosovo or LKCK [Sabit GASHI]; Otpor Student Resistance Movement [leader NA]; Political Council for Presevo, Meveda and Bujanovac or PCPMB [leader NA]; The People's Movement for Kosovo or LPK [leader NA]
Zambia: NA
Zimbabwe: National Constitutional Assembly or NCA
Taiwan: Taiwan independence movement, various business and environmental groups
note: debate on Taiwan independence has become acceptable within the mainstream of domestic politics on Taiwan; political liberalization and the increased representation of opposition parties in Taiwan's legislature have opened public debate on the island's national identity; a broad popular consensus has developed that Taiwan currently enjoys de facto independence and - whatever the ultimate outcome regarding reunification or independence - that Taiwan's people must have the deciding voice; advocates of Taiwan independence oppose the stand that the island will eventually reunify with mainland China; goals of the Taiwan independence movement include establishing a sovereign nation on Taiwan and entering the UN; other organizations supporting Taiwan independence include the World United Formosans for Independence and the Organization for Taiwan Nation Building
======================================================================
@Population
Afghanistan: 26,813,057 (July 2001 est.)
Albania: 3,510,484 (July 2001 est.)
Algeria: 31,736,053 (July 2001 est.)
American Samoa: 67,084 (July 2001 est.)
Andorra: 67,627 (July 2001 est.)
Angola: 10,366,031 (July 2001 est.)
Anguilla: 12,132 (July 2001 est.)
Antarctica: no indigenous inhabitants, but there are seasonally staffed research stations
note: approximately 29 nations, all signatory to the Antarctic Treaty, send personnel to perform seasonal (summer) and year-round research on the continent and in its surrounding oceans; the population of persons doing and supporting science on the continent and its nearby islands south of 60 degrees south latitude (the region covered by the Antarctic Treaty) varies from approximately 4,000 in summer to 1,000 in winter; in addition, approximately 1,000 personnel including ship's crew and scientists doing onboard research are present in the waters of the treaty region; Summer (January) population - 3,687 total; Argentina 302, Australia 201, Belgium 13, Brazil 80, Bulgaria 16, Chile 352, China 70, Finland 11, France 100, Germany 51, India 60, Italy 106, Japan 136, South Korea 14, Netherlands 10, NZ 60, Norway 40, Peru 28, Poland 70, Russia 254, South Africa 80, Spain 43, Sweden 20, UK 192, US 1,378 (1998-99); Winter (July) population - 964 total; Argentina 165, Australia 75, Brazil 12, Chile 129, China 33, France 33, Germany 9, India 25, Japan 40, South Korea 14, NZ 10, Poland 20, Russia 102, South Africa 10, UK 39, US 248 (1998-99); year-round stations - 42 total; Argentina 6, Australia 4, Brazil 1, Chile 4, China 2, Finland 1, France 1, Germany 1, India 1, Italy 1, Japan 1, South Korea 1, NZ 1, Norway 1, Poland 1, Russia 6, South Africa 1, Spain 1, Ukraine 1, UK 2, US 3, Uruguay 1 (1998-99); Summer-only stations - 32 total; Argentina 3, Australia 4, Bulgaria 1, Chile 7, Germany 1, India 1, Japan 3, NZ 1, Peru 1, Russia 3, Sweden 2, UK 5 (1998-99); in addition, during the austral summer some nations have numerous occupied locations such as tent camps, summer-long temporary facilities, and mobile traverses in support of research (July 2001 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda: 66,970 (July 2001 est.)
Argentina: 37,384,816 (July 2001 est.)
Armenia: 3,336,100 (July 2001 est.)
Aruba: 70,007 (July 2001 est.)
Ashmore and Cartier Islands: no indigenous inhabitants
note: there are only seasonal caretakers (July 2001 est.)
Australia: 19,357,594 (July 2001 est.)
Austria: 8,150,835 (July 2001 est.)
Azerbaijan: 7,771,092 (July 2001 est.)
Bahamas, The: 297,852
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Bahrain: 645,361
note: includes 228,424 non-nationals (July 2001 est.)
Baker Island: uninhabited
note: American civilians evacuated in 1942 after Japanese air and naval attacks during World War II; occupied by US military during World War II, but abandoned after the war; public entry is by special-use permit from US Fish and Wildlife Service only and generally restricted to scientists and educators; a cemetery and remnants of structures from early settlement are located near the middle of the west coast; visited annually by US Fish and Wildlife Service (July 2001 est.)
Bangladesh: 131,269,860 (July 2001 est.)
Barbados: 275,330 (July 2001 est.)
Bassas da India: uninhabited (July 2001 est.)
Belarus: 10,350,194 (July 2001 est.)
Belgium: 10,258,762 (July 2001 est.)
Belize: 256,062 (July 2001 est.)
Benin: 6,590,782
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Bermuda: 63,503 (July 2001 est.)
Bhutan: 2,049,412 (July 2001 est.)
note: other estimates range as low as 800,000
Bolivia: 8,300,463 (July 2001 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: 3,922,205
note: all data dealing with population are subject to considerable error because of the dislocations caused by military action and ethnic cleansing (July 2001 est.)
Botswana: 1,586,119
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Bouvet Island: uninhabited (July 2001 est.)
Brazil: 174,468,575
note: Brazil took an intercensal count in August 1996 which reported a population of 157,079,573; that figure was about 5% lower than projections by the US Census Bureau, which is close to the implied underenumeration of 4.6% for the 1991 census; estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
British Indian Ocean Territory: no indigenous inhabitants
note: approximately 1,200 former agricultural workers resident in the Chagos Archipelago, often referred to as Chagossians or Ilois, were relocated to Mauritius and the Seychelles around the time of the construction of UK-US military facilities; in 1995, there were approximately 1,700 UK and US military personnel and 1,500 civilian contractors living on the island of Diego Garcia
British Virgin Islands: 20,812 (July 2001 est.)
Brunei: 343,653 (July 2001 est.)
Bulgaria: 7,707,495 (July 2001 est.)
Burkina Faso: 12,272,289
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Burma: 41,994,678
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Burundi: 6,223,897
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Cambodia: 12,491,501
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Cameroon: 15,803,220
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Canada: 31,592,805 (July 2001 est.)
Cape Verde: 405,163 (July 2001 est.)
Cayman Islands: 35,527 (July 2001 est.)
Central African Republic: 3,576,884
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Chad: 8,707,078 (July 2001 est.)
Chile: 15,328,467 (July 2001 est.)
China: 1,273,111,290 (July 2001 est.)
Christmas Island: 2,771 (July 2001 est.)
Clipperton Island: uninhabited (July 2001 est.)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: 633 (July 2001 est.)
Colombia: 40,349,388 (July 2001 est.)
Comoros: 596,202 (July 2001 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: 53,624,718
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Congo, Republic of the: 2,894,336
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Cook Islands: 20,611 (July 2001 est.)
Coral Sea Islands: no indigenous inhabitants
note: there is a staff of three to four at the meteorological station (July 2001 est.)
Costa Rica: 3,773,057 (July 2001 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire: 16,393,221
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Croatia: 4,334,142 (July 2001 est.)
Cuba: 11,184,023 (July 2001 est.)
Cyprus: 762,887 (July 2001 est.)
Czech Republic: 10,264,212 (July 2001 est.)
Denmark: 5,352,815 (July 2001 est.)
Djibouti: 460,700 (July 2001 est.)
Dominica: 70,786 (July 2001 est.)
Dominican Republic: 8,581,477 (July 2001 est.)
Ecuador: 13,183,978 (July 2001 est.)
Egypt: 69,536,644 (July 2001 est.)
El Salvador: 6,237,662 (July 2001 est.)
Equatorial Guinea: 486,060 (July 2001 est.)
Eritrea: 4,298,269 (July 2001 est.)
Estonia: 1,423,316 (July 2001 est.)
Ethiopia: 65,891,874
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Europa Island: no indigenous inhabitants
note: there is a small French military garrison (July 2001 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): 2,895 (July 2001 est.)
Faroe Islands: 45,661 (July 2001 est.)
Fiji: 844,330 (July 2001 est.)
Finland: 5,175,783 (July 2001 est.)
France: 59,551,227 (July 2001 est.)
French Guiana: 177,562 (July 2001 est.)
French Polynesia: 253,506 (July 2001 est.)
French Southern and Antarctic Lands: no indigenous inhabitants (July 2001 est.)
note: in 1997, there were about 100 researchers whose numbers vary from winter (July) to summer (January)
Gabon: 1,221,175
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Gambia, The: 1,411,205 (July 2001 est.)
Gaza Strip: 1,178,119 (July 2001 est.)
note: in addition, there are some 6,900 Israeli settlers in the Gaza Strip (August 2000 est.)
Georgia: 4,989,285 (July 2001 est.)
Germany: 83,029,536 (July 2001 est.)
Ghana: 19,894,014
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Gibraltar: 27,649 (July 2001 est.)
Glorioso Islands: no indigenous inhabitants
note: there is a small French military garrison (July 2001 est.)
Greece: 10,623,835 (July 2001 est.)
Greenland: 56,352 (July 2001 est.)
Grenada: 89,227 (July 2001 est.)
Guadeloupe: 431,170 (July 2001 est.)
Guam: 157,557 (July 2001 est.)
Guatemala: 12,974,361 (July 2001 est.)
Guernsey: 64,342 (July 2001 est.)
Guinea: 7,613,870 (July 2001 est.)
Guinea-Bissau: 1,315,822 (July 2001 est.)
Guyana: 697,181
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Haiti: 6,964,549
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Heard Island and McDonald Islands: uninhabited (July 2001 est.)
Holy See (Vatican City): 890 (July 2001 est.)
Honduras: 6,406,052
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Hong Kong: 7,210,505 (July 2001 est.)
Howland Island: uninhabited
note: American civilians evacuated in 1942 after Japanese air and naval attacks during World War II; occupied by US military during World War II, but abandoned after the war; public entry is by special-use permit from US Fish and Wildlife Service only and generally restricted to scientists and educators; visited annually by US Fish and Wildlife Service (July 2001 est.)
Hungary: 10,106,017 (July 2001 est.)
Iceland: 277,906 (July 2001 est.)
India: 1,029,991,145 (July 2001 est.)
Indonesia: 228,437,870 (July 2001 est.)
Iran: 66,128,965 (July 2001 est.)
Iraq: 23,331,985 (July 2001 est.)
Ireland: 3,840,838 (July 2001 est.)
Israel: 5,938,093 (July 2001 est.)
note: includes about 176,000 Israeli settlers in the West Bank, about 20,000 in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights, about 6,900 in the Gaza Strip, and about 173,000 in East Jerusalem (August 2000 est.)
Italy: 57,679,825 (July 2001 est.)
Jamaica: 2,665,636 (July 2001 est.)
Jan Mayen: no indigenous inhabitants
note: there are personnel who operate the Long Range Navigation (Loran-C) base and the weather and coastal services radio station (July 2001 est.)
Japan: 126,771,662 (July 2001 est.)
Jarvis Island: uninhabited
note: Millersville settlement on western side of island occasionally used as a weather station from 1935 until World War II, when it was abandoned; reoccupied in 1957 during the International Geophysical Year by scientists who left in 1958; public entry is by special-use permit from US Fish and Wildlife Service only and generally restricted to scientists and educators; visited annually by US Fish and Wildlife Service (July 2001 est.)
Jersey: 89,361 (July 2001 est.)
Johnston Atoll: no indigenous inhabitants
note: in previous years, there was an average of 1,100 US military and civilian contractor personnel present; as of 1 October 2000, population decreased to approximately 970 when US Army Chemical Activity Pacific (USACAP) departed (January 2001 est.)
Jordan: 5,153,378 (July 2001 est.)
Juan de Nova Island: no indigenous inhabitants
note: there is a small French military garrison (July 2001 est.)
Kazakhstan: 16,731,303 (July 2001 est.)
Kenya: 30,765,916
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Kingman Reef: uninhabited (July 2001 est.)
Kiribati: 94,149 (July 2001 est.)
Korea, North: 21,968,228 (July 2001 est.)
Korea, South: 47,904,370 (July 2001 est.)
Kuwait: 2,041,961
note: includes 1,159,913 non-nationals (July 2001 est.)
Kyrgyzstan: 4,753,003 (July 2001 est.)
Laos: 5,635,967 (July 2001 est.)
Latvia: 2,385,231 (July 2001 est.)
Lebanon: 3,627,774 (July 2001 est.)
Lesotho: 2,177,062
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Liberia: 3,225,837 (July 2001 est.)
Libya: 5,240,599
note: includes 662,669 non-nationals, of which an estimated 500,000 or more are Africans living in Libya (July 2001 est.)
Liechtenstein: 32,528 (July 2001 est.)
Lithuania: 3,610,535 (July 2001 est.)
Luxembourg: 442,972 (July 2001 est.)
Macau: 453,733 (July 2001 est.)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: 2,046,209 (July 2001 est.)
Madagascar: 15,982,563 (July 2001 est.)
Malawi: 10,548,250
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Malaysia: 22,229,040 (July 2001 est.)
Maldives: 310,764 (July 2001 est.)
Mali: 11,008,518 (July 2001 est.)
Malta: 394,583 (July 2001 est.)
Man, Isle of: 73,489 (July 2001 est.)
Marshall Islands: 70,822 (July 2001 est.)
Martinique: 418,454 (July 2001 est.)
Mauritania: 2,747,312 (July 2001 est.)
Mauritius: 1,189,825 (July 2001 est.)
Mayotte: 163,366 (July 2001 est.)
Mexico: 101,879,171 (July 2001 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of: 134,597 (July 2001 est.)
Midway Islands: no indigenous inhabitants; approximately 150 people make up the staff of US Fish and Wildlife Service and their services cooperator living at the atoll (July 2001 est.)
Moldova: 4,431,570 (July 2001 est.)
Monaco: 31,842 (July 2001 est.)
Mongolia: 2,654,999 (July 2001 est.)
Montserrat: 7,574
note: an estimated 8,000 refugees left the island following the resumption of volcanic activity in July 1995; some have returned (July 2001 est.)
Morocco: 30,645,305 (July 2001 est.)
Mozambique: 19,371,057
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected; the 1997 Mozambican census reported a population of 16,099,246 (July 2001 est.)
Namibia: 1,797,677
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Nauru: 12,088 (July 2001 est.)
Navassa Island: uninhabited
note: transient Haitian fishermen and others camp on the island (July 2001 est.)
Nepal: 25,284,463 (July 2001 est.)
Netherlands: 15,981,472 (July 2001 est.)
Netherlands Antilles: 212,226 (July 2001 est.)
New Caledonia: 204,863 (July 2001 est.)
New Zealand: 3,864,129 (July 2001 est.)
Nicaragua: 4,918,393 (July 2001 est.)
Niger: 10,355,156 (July 2001 est.)
Nigeria: 126,635,626
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Niue: 2,124 (July 2001 est.)
Norfolk Island: 1,879 (July 2001 est.)
Northern Mariana Islands: 74,612 (July 2001 est.)
Norway: 4,503,440 (July 2001 est.)
Oman: 2,622,198
note: includes 527,078 non-nationals (July 2001 est.)
Pakistan: 144,616,639 (July 2001 est.)
Palau: 19,092 (July 2001 est.)
Palmyra Atoll: no indigenous inhabitants; 4 to 20 Nature Conservancy staff, US Fish and Wildlife staff (July 2001 est.)
Panama: 2,845,647 (July 2001 est.)
Papua New Guinea: 5,049,055 (July 2001 est.)
Paracel Islands: no indigenous inhabitants
note: there are scattered Chinese garrisons (July 2001 est.)
Paraguay: 5,734,139 (July 2001 est.)
Peru: 27,483,864 (July 2001 est.)
Philippines: 82,841,518 (July 2001 est.)
Pitcairn Islands: 47 (July 2001 est.)
Poland: 38,633,912 (July 2001 est.)
Portugal: 10,066,253 (July 2001 est.)
Puerto Rico: 3,937,316 (July 2001 est.)
Qatar: 769,152 (July 2001 est.)
Reunion: 732,570 (July 2001 est.)
Romania: 22,364,022 (July 2001 est.)
Russia: 145,470,197 (July 2001 est.)
Rwanda: 7,312,756
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Saint Helena: 7,266 (July 2001 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis: 38,756 (July 2001 est.)
Saint Lucia: 158,178 (July 2001 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: 6,928 (July 2001 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: 115,942 (July 2001 est.)
Samoa: 179,058 (July 2001 est.)
San Marino: 27,336 (July 2001 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe: 165,034 (July 2001 est.)
Saudi Arabia: 22,757,092
note: includes 5,360,526 non-nationals (July 2001 est.)
Senegal: 10,284,929 (July 2001 est.)
Seychelles: 79,715 (July 2001 est.)
Sierra Leone: 5,426,618 (July 2001 est.)
Singapore: 4,300,419 (July 2001 est.)
Slovakia: 5,414,937 (July 2001 est.)
Slovenia: 1,930,132 (July 2001 est.)
Solomon Islands: 480,442 (July 2001 est.)
Somalia: 7,488,773
note: this estimate was derived from an official census taken in 1975 by the Somali Government; population counting in Somalia is complicated by the large number of nomads and by refugee movements in response to famine and clan warfare (July 2001 est.)
South Africa: 43,586,097
note: South Africa took a census October 1996 which showed a population of 40,583,611 (after an official adjustment for a 6.8% underenumeration based on a postenumeration survey); estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands: no indigenous inhabitants
note: the small military garrison on South Georgia withdrew in March 2001, to be replaced by a permanent group of scientists of the British Antarctic Survey which also has a biological station on Bird Island; the South Sandwich Islands are uninhabited (July 2001 est.)
Spain: 40,037,995 (July 2001 est.)
Spratly Islands: no indigenous inhabitants
note: there are scattered garrisons occupied by personnel of several claimant states (July 2001 est.)
Sri Lanka: 19,408,635 (July 2001 est.)
note: since the outbreak of hostilities between the government and armed Tamil separatists in the mid-1980s, several hundred thousand Tamil civilians have fled the island; as of mid-1999, approximately 66,000 were housed in 133 refugee camps in south India, another 40,000 lived outside the Indian camps, and more than 200,000 Tamils have sought refuge in the West
Sudan: 36,080,373 (July 2001 est.)
Suriname: 433,998 (July 2001 est.)
Svalbard: 2,332 (July 2001 est.)
Swaziland: 1,104,343
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Sweden: 8,875,053 (July 2001 est.)
Switzerland: 7,283,274 (July 2001 est.)
Syria: 16,728,808
note: in addition, there are about 38,200 people living in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights - 18,200 Arabs (16,500 Druze and 1,700 Alawites) and about 20,000 Israeli settlers (July 2001 est.)
Tajikistan: 6,578,681 (July 2001 est.)
Tanzania: 36,232,074
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Thailand: 61,797,751
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Togo: 5,153,088
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Tokelau: 1,445 (July 2001 est.)
Tonga: 104,227 (July 2001 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago: 1,169,682 (July 2001 est.)
Tromelin Island: uninhabited (July 2001 est.)
Tunisia: 9,705,102 (July 2001 est.)
Turkey: 66,493,970 (July 2001 est.)
Turkmenistan: 4,603,244 (July 2001 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands: 18,122 (July 2001 est.)
Tuvalu: 10,991 (July 2001 est.)
Uganda: 23,985,712
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Ukraine: 48,760,474 (July 2001 est.)
United Arab Emirates: 2,407,460
note: includes 1,576,472 non-nationals (July 2001 est.)
United Kingdom: 59,647,790 (July 2001 est.)
United States: 278,058,881 (July 2001 est.)
Uruguay: 3,360,105 (July 2001 est.)
Uzbekistan: 25,155,064 (July 2001 est.)
Vanuatu: 192,910 (July 2001 est.)
Venezuela: 23,916,810 (July 2001 est.)
Vietnam: 79,939,014 (July 2001 est.)
Virgin Islands: 122,211 (July 2001 est.)
Wake Island: no indigenous inhabitants
note: US military personnel have left the island, but civilian personnel remain; as of December 2000, one US Army civilian and 123 civilian contractor personnel were present (January 2001 est.)
Wallis and Futuna: 15,435 (July 2001 est.)
West Bank: 2,090,713 (July 2001 est.)
note: in addition, there are some 176,000 Israeli settlers in the West Bank and about 173,000 in East Jerusalem (August 1999 est.)
Western Sahara: 250,559 (July 2001 est.)
World: 6,157,400,560 (July 2001 est.)
Yemen: 18,078,035 (July 2001 est.)
Yugoslavia: 10,677,290
note: all data dealing with population is subject to considerable error because of the dislocations caused by military action and ethnic cleansing (July 2001 est.)
Zambia: 9,770,199
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Zimbabwe: 11,365,366
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Taiwan: 22,370,461 (July 2001 est.)
======================================================================
@Population below poverty line
Afghanistan: NA%
Albania: 19.6% (1996 est.)
Algeria: 23% (1999 est.)
American Samoa: NA%
Andorra: NA%
Angola: NA%
Anguilla: NA%
Antigua and Barbuda: NA%
Argentina: 37% (1999 est.)
Armenia: 45% (1999 est.)
Aruba: NA%
Australia: NA%
Austria: NA%
Azerbaijan: 60% (2000 est.)
Bahamas, The: NA%
Bahrain: NA%
Bangladesh: 35.6% (FY95/96 est.)
Barbados: NA%
Belarus: 22% (1995 est.)
Belgium: 4%
Belize: 33% (1999 est.)
Benin: 37.2% (1999 est.)
Bermuda: NA%
Bhutan: NA%
Bolivia: 70% (1999 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: NA%
Botswana: 47% (2000 est.)
Brazil: 17.4% (1990 est.)
British Virgin Islands: NA%
Brunei: NA%
Bulgaria: 35% (2000 est.)
Burkina Faso: NA%
Burma: 23% (1997 est.)
Burundi: 36.2% (1990 est.)
Cambodia: 36% (1997 est.)
Cameroon: 48% (2000 est.)
Canada: NA%
Cape Verde: NA%
Cayman Islands: NA%
Central African Republic: NA%
Chad: 64% (1995 est.)
Chile: 22% (1998 est.)
China: 10% (1999 est.)
Christmas Island: NA%
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: NA%
Colombia: 55% (1999)
Comoros: NA%
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: NA%
Congo, Republic of the: NA%
Cook Islands: NA%
Costa Rica: 20.6% (1999 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire: NA%
Croatia: 4% (1999 est.)
Cuba: NA%
Cyprus: NA%
Czech Republic: NA%
Denmark: NA%
Djibouti: NA%
Dominica: NA%
Dominican Republic: 25% (1999 est.)
Ecuador: 50% (1999 est.)
Egypt: 22.9% (FY95/96 est.)
El Salvador: 48% (1999 est.)
Equatorial Guinea: NA%
Eritrea: NA%
Estonia: 8.9% (1995 est.)
Ethiopia: NA%
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): NA%
Faroe Islands: NA%
Fiji: NA%
Finland: NA%
France: NA%
French Guiana: NA%
French Polynesia: NA%
Gabon: NA%
Gambia, The: NA%
Gaza Strip: NA%
Georgia: 60% (1999 est.)
Germany: NA%
Ghana: 31.4% (1992 est.)
Gibraltar: NA%
Greece: NA%
Greenland: NA%
Grenada: NA%
Guadeloupe: NA%
Guam: NA%
Guatemala: 60% (2000 est.)
Guernsey: NA%
Guinea: 40% (1994 est.)
Guinea-Bissau: 50% (1991 est.)
Guyana: NA%
Haiti: 80% (1998 est.)
Holy See (Vatican City): NA%
Honduras: 53% (1993 est.)
Hong Kong: NA%
Hungary: 8.6% (1993 est.)
Iceland: NA%
India: 35% (1994 est.)
Indonesia: 20% (1998)
Iran: 53% (1996 est.)
Iraq: NA%
Ireland: 10% (1997 est.)
Israel: NA%
Italy: NA%
Jamaica: 34.2% (1992 est.)
Japan: NA%
Jersey: NA%
Jordan: 30% (1998 est.)
Kazakhstan: 35% (1999 est.)
Kenya: 42% (1992 est.)
Kiribati: NA%
Korea, North: NA%
Korea, South: NA%
Kuwait: NA%
Kyrgyzstan: 51% (1997 est.)
Laos: 46.1% (1993 est.)
Latvia: NA%
Lebanon: 28% (1999 est.)
Lesotho: 49.2% (1999 est.)
Liberia: 80%
Libya: NA%
Liechtenstein: NA%
Lithuania: NA%
Luxembourg: NA%
Macau: NA%
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: 25% (2000 est.)
Madagascar: 70% (1994 est.)
Malawi: 54% (FY90/91 est.)
Malaysia: 6.8% (1997 est.)
Maldives: NA%
Mali: NA%
Malta: NA%
Man, Isle of: NA%
Marshall Islands: NA%
Martinique: NA%
Mauritania: 50% (1996 est.)
Mauritius: 10.6% (1992 est.)
Mayotte: NA%
Mexico: 27% (1998 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of: NA%
Moldova: 75% (1999 est.)
Monaco: NA%
Mongolia: 40% (2000 est.)
Montserrat: NA%
Morocco: 19% (1999 est.)
Mozambique: 70% (2000 est.)
Namibia: NA%
Nauru: NA%
Nepal: 42% (FY95/96 est.)
Netherlands: NA%
Netherlands Antilles: NA%
New Caledonia: NA%
New Zealand: NA%
Nicaragua: 50% (2000 est.)
Niger: 63% (1993 est.)
Nigeria: 45% (2000 est.)
Niue: NA%
Norfolk Island: NA%
Northern Mariana Islands: NA%
Norway: NA%
Oman: NA%
Pakistan: 40% (2000 est.)
Palau: NA%
Panama: 37% (1999 est.)
Papua New Guinea: 37%
Paraguay: 36% (2000 est.)
Peru: 49% (1994 est.)
Philippines: 41% (1997 est.)
Pitcairn Islands: NA%
Poland: 18.4% (2000 est.)
Portugal: NA%
Puerto Rico: NA%
Qatar: NA%
Reunion: NA%
Romania: 44.5% (2000)
Russia: 40% (1999 est.)
Rwanda: 70% (2000 est.)
Saint Helena: NA%
Saint Kitts and Nevis: NA%
Saint Lucia: NA%
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: NA%
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: NA%
Samoa: NA%
San Marino: NA%
Sao Tome and Principe: NA%
Saudi Arabia: NA%
Senegal: NA%
Seychelles: NA%
Sierra Leone: 68% (1989 est.)
Singapore: NA%
Slovakia: NA%
Slovenia: NA%
Solomon Islands: NA%
Somalia: NA%
South Africa: 50% (2000 est.)
Spain: NA%
Sri Lanka: 22% (1997 est.)
Sudan: NA%
Suriname: NA%
Svalbard: NA%
Swaziland: NA%
Sweden: NA%
Switzerland: NA%
Syria: 15%-25%
Tajikistan: 80% (2000 est.)
Tanzania: 51.1% (1991 est.)
Thailand: 12.5% (1998 est.)
Togo: 32% (1989 est.)
Tokelau: NA%
Tonga: NA%
Trinidad and Tobago: 21% (1992 est.)
Tunisia: 6% (2000 est.)
Turkey: NA%
Turkmenistan: 58% (1999 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands: NA%
Tuvalu: NA%
Uganda: 55% (1993 est.)
Ukraine: 50% (1999 est.)
United Arab Emirates: NA%
United Kingdom: 17%
United States: 12.7% (1999 est.)
Uruguay: NA%
Uzbekistan: NA%
Vanuatu: NA%
Venezuela: 67% (1997 est.)
Vietnam: 37% (1998 est.)
Virgin Islands: NA%
Wallis and Futuna: NA%
West Bank: NA%
Western Sahara: NA%
Yemen: 19% (1992 est.)
Yugoslavia: NA%
Zambia: 86% (1993 est.)
Zimbabwe: 60% (1999 est.)
Taiwan: 1% (1999 est.)
======================================================================
@Population growth rate
Afghanistan: 3.48% (2001 est.)
note: this rate reflects the continued return of refugees from Iran
Albania: 0.88% (2001 est.)
Algeria: 1.71% (2001 est.)
American Samoa: 2.42% (2001 est.)
Andorra: 1.17% (2001 est.)
Angola: 2.15% (2001 est.)
Anguilla: 2.68% (2001 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda: 0.74% (2001 est.)
Argentina: 1.15% (2001 est.)
Armenia: -0.21% (2001 est.)
Aruba: 0.64% (2001 est.)
Australia: 0.99% (2001 est.)
Austria: 0.24% (2001 est.)
Azerbaijan: 0.32% (2001 est.)
Bahamas, The: 0.93% (2001 est.)
Bahrain: 1.73% (2001 est.)
Bangladesh: 1.59% (2001 est.)
Barbados: 0.46% (2001 est.)
Belarus: -0.15% (2001 est.)
Belgium: 0.16% (2001 est.)
Belize: 2.7% (2001 est.)
Benin: 2.97% (2001 est.)
Bermuda: 0.74% (2001 est.)
Bhutan: 2.17% (2001 est.)
Bolivia: 1.76% (2001 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: 1.38% (2001 est.)
Botswana: 0.47% (2001 est.)
Brazil: 0.91% (2001 est.)
British Virgin Islands: 2.22% (2001 est.)
Brunei: 2.11% (2001 est.)
Bulgaria: -1.14% (2001 est.)
Burkina Faso: 2.68% (2001 est.)
Burma: 0.6% (2001 est.)
Burundi: 2.38% (2001 est.)
Cambodia: 2.25% (2001 est.)
Cameroon: 2.41% (2001 est.)
Canada: 0.99% (2001 est.)
Cape Verde: 0.92% (2001 est.)
Cayman Islands: 2.12% (2001 est.)
Central African Republic: 1.85% (2001 est.)
Chad: 3.29% (2001 est.)
Chile: 1.13% (2001 est.)
China: 0.88% (2001 est.)
Christmas Island: 7.77% (2001 est.)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: -0.21% (2001 est.)
Colombia: 1.64% (2001 est.)
Comoros: 3.02% (2001 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: 3.1% (2001 est.)
Congo, Republic of the: 2.2% (2001 est.)
Costa Rica: 1.65% (2001 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire: 2.51% (2001 est.)
Croatia: 1.48% (2001 est.)
Cuba: 0.37% (2001 est.)
Cyprus: 0.59% (2001 est.)
Czech Republic: -0.07% (2001 est.)
Denmark: 0.3% (2001 est.)
Djibouti: 2.6% (2001 est.)
Dominica: -0.98% (2001 est.)
Dominican Republic: 1.63% (2001 est.)
Ecuador: 2% (2001 est.)
Egypt: 1.69% (2001 est.)
El Salvador: 1.85% (2001 est.)
Equatorial Guinea: 2.46% (2001 est.)
Eritrea: 3.84% (2001 est.)
Estonia: -0.55% (2001 est.)
Ethiopia: 2.7% (2001 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): 2.43% (2001 est.)
Faroe Islands: 0.78% (2001 est.)
Fiji: 1.41% (2001 est.)
Finland: 0.16% (2001 est.)
France: 0.37% (2001 est.)
French Guiana: 2.74% (2001 est.)
French Polynesia: 1.72% (2001 est.)
Gabon: 1.02% (2001 est.)
Gambia, The: 3.14% (2001 est.)
Gaza Strip: 4.01% (2001 est.)
Georgia: -0.59% (2001 est.)
Germany: 0.27% (2001 est.)
Ghana: 1.79% (2001 est.)
Gibraltar: 0.24% (2001 est.)
Greece: 0.21% (2001 est.)
Greenland: 0.06% (2001 est.)
Grenada: -0.06% (2001 est.)
Guadeloupe: 1.07% (2001 est.)
Guam: 2.09% (2001 est.)
Guatemala: 2.6% (2001 est.)
Guernsey: 0.39% (2001 est.)
Guinea: 1.96% (2001 est.)
Guinea-Bissau: 2.23% (2001 est.)
Guyana: 0.07% (2001 est.)
Haiti: 1.4% (2001 est.)
Holy See (Vatican City): 1.15% (2001 est.)
Honduras: 2.43% (2001 est.)
Hong Kong: 1.3% (2001 est.)
Hungary: -0.32% (2001 est.)
Iceland: 0.54% (2001 est.)
India: 1.55% (2001 est.)
Indonesia: 1.6% (2001 est.)
Iran: 0.72% (2001 est.)
Iraq: 2.84% (2001 est.)
Ireland: 1.12% (2001 est.)
Israel: 1.58% (2001 est.)
Italy: 0.07% (2001 est.)
Jamaica: 0.51% (2001 est.)
Japan: 0.17% (2001 est.)
Jersey: 0.48% (2001 est.)
Johnston Atoll: -5.94% (2001 est.)
Jordan: 3% (2001 est.)
Kazakhstan: 0.03% (2001 est.)
Kenya: 1.27% (2001 est.)
Kiribati: 2.31% (2001 est.)
Korea, North: 1.22% (2001 est.)
Korea, South: 0.89% (2001 est.)
Kuwait: 3.38% (2001 est.)
note: this rate reflects a return to pre-Gulf crisis immigration of expatriates
Kyrgyzstan: 1.44% (2001 est.)
Laos: 2.48% (2001 est.)
Latvia: -0.81% (2001 est.)
Lebanon: 1.38% (2001 est.)
Lesotho: 1.49% (2001 est.)
Liberia: 1.92% (2001 est.)
Libya: 2.42% (2001 est.)
Liechtenstein: 0.98% (2001 est.)
Lithuania: -0.27% (2001 est.)
Luxembourg: 1.26% (2001 est.)
Macau: 1.79% (2001 est.)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: 0.43% (2001 est.)
Madagascar: 3.02% (2001 est.)
Malawi: 1.5% (2001 est.)
Malaysia: 1.96% (2001 est.)
Maldives: 3.01% (2001 est.)
Mali: 2.97% (2001 est.)
Malta: 0.74% (2001 est.)
Man, Isle of: 0.52% (2001 est.)
Marshall Islands: 3.88% (2001 est.)
Martinique: 0.93% (2001 est.)
Mauritania: 2.93% (2001 est.)
Mauritius: 0.88% (2001 est.)
Mayotte: 4.58% (2001 est.)
Mexico: 1.5% (2001 est.)
Moldova: 0.05% (2001 est.)
Monaco: 0.46% (2001 est.)
Mongolia: 1.47% (2001 est.)
Montserrat: 13.39% (2001 est.)
Morocco: 1.71% (2001 est.)
Mozambique: 1.3% (2001 est.)
Namibia: 1.38% (2001 est.)
Nauru: 2% (2001 est.)
Nepal: 2.32% (2001 est.)
Netherlands: 0.55% (2001 est.)
Netherlands Antilles: 0.97% (2001 est.)
New Caledonia: 1.48% (2001 est.)
New Zealand: 1.14% (2001 est.)
Nicaragua: 2.15% (2001 est.)
Niger: 2.72% (2001 est.)
Nigeria: 2.61% (2001 est.)
Niue: 0.5% (2001 est.)
Norfolk Island: -0.71% (2001 est.)
Northern Mariana Islands: 3.62% (2001 est.)
Norway: 0.49% (2001 est.)
Oman: 3.43% (2001 est.)
Pakistan: 2.11% (2001 est.)
Palau: 1.69% (2001 est.)
Panama: 1.3% (2001 est.)
Papua New Guinea: 2.43% (2001 est.)
Paraguay: 2.6% (2001 est.)
Peru: 1.7% (2001 est.)
Philippines: 2.03% (2001 est.)
Pitcairn Islands: -2.08% (2001 est.)
Poland: -0.03% (2001 est.)
Portugal: 0.18% (2001 est.)
Puerto Rico: 0.54% (2001 est.)
Qatar: 3.18% (2001 est.)
Reunion: 1.57% (2001 est.)
Romania: -0.21% (2001 est.)
Russia: -0.35% (2001 est.)
Rwanda: 1.16% (2001 est.)
Saint Helena: 0.72% (2001 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis: -0.11% (2001 est.)
Saint Lucia: 1.23% (2001 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: 0.43% (2001 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: 0.4% (2001 est.)
Samoa: -0.23% (2001 est.)
San Marino: 1.45% (2001 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe: 3.18% (2001 est.)
Saudi Arabia: 3.27% (2001 est.)
Senegal: 2.93% (2001 est.)
Seychelles: 0.49% (2001 est.)
Sierra Leone: 3.61% (2001 est.)
Singapore: 3.5% (2001 est.)
Slovakia: 0.13% (2001 est.)
Slovenia: 0.14% (2001 est.)
Solomon Islands: 2.98% (2001 est.)
Somalia: 3.48% (2001 est.)
South Africa: 0.26% (2001 est.)
Spain: 0.1% (2001 est.)
Sri Lanka: 0.87% (2001 est.)
Sudan: 2.79% (2001 est.)
Suriname: 0.6% (2001 est.)
Svalbard: -3.55% (2001 est.)
Swaziland: 1.83% (2001 est.)
Sweden: 0.02% (2001 est.)
Switzerland: 0.27% (2001 est.)
Syria: 2.54% (2001 est.)
Tajikistan: 2.12% (2001 est.)
Tanzania: 2.61% (2001 est.)
Thailand: 0.91% (2001 est.)
Togo: 2.6% (2001 est.)
Tokelau: -0.92% (2001 est.)
Tonga: 1.79% (2001 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago: -0.51% (2001 est.)
Tunisia: 1.15% (2001 est.)
Turkey: 1.24% (2001 est.)
Turkmenistan: 1.85% (2001 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands: 3.41% (2001 est.)
Tuvalu: 1.4% (2001 est.)
Uganda: 2.93% (2001 est.)
Ukraine: -0.78% (2001 est.)
United Arab Emirates: 1.59% (2001 est.)
United Kingdom: 0.23% (2001 est.)
United States: 0.9% (2001 est.)
Uruguay: 0.78% (2001 est.)
Uzbekistan: 1.6% (2001 est.)
Vanuatu: 1.7% (2001 est.)
Venezuela: 1.56% (2001 est.)
Vietnam: 1.45% (2001 est.)
Virgin Islands: 1.06% (2001 est.)
Wallis and Futuna: NA%
West Bank: 3.48% (2001 est.)
World: 1.25% (2001 est.)
Yemen: 3.38% (2001 est.)
Yugoslavia: -0.27% (2001 est.)
Zambia: 1.93% (2001 est.)
Zimbabwe: 0.15% (2001 est.)
Taiwan: 0.8% (2001 est.)
======================================================================
@Ports and harbors
Afghanistan: Kheyrabad, Shir Khan
Albania: Durres, Sarande, Shengjin, Vlore
Algeria: Algiers, Annaba, Arzew, Bejaia, Beni Saf, Dellys, Djendjene, Ghazaouet, Jijel, Mostaganem, Oran, Skikda, Tenes
American Samoa: Aunu'u (new construction), Auasi, Faleosao, Ofu, Pago Pago, Ta'u
Andorra: none
Angola: Ambriz, Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Malongo, Mocamedes, Namibe, Porto Amboim, Soyo
Anguilla: Blowing Point, Road Bay
Antarctica: there are no developed ports and harbors in Antarctica; most coastal stations have offshore anchorages, and supplies are transferred from ship to shore by small boats, barges, and helicopters; a few stations have a basic wharf facility US coastal stations include McMurdo (77 51 S, 166 40 E), Palmer (64 43 S, 64 03 W); government use only except by permit (see Permit Office under "Legal System"); offshore anchorage is sparse and intermittent
Antigua and Barbuda: Saint John's
Arctic Ocean: Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US)
Argentina: Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Comodoro Rivadavia, Concepcion del Uruguay, La Plata, Mar del Plata, Necochea, Rio Gallegos, Rosario, Santa Fe, Ushuaia
Armenia: none
Aruba: Barcadera, Oranjestad, Sint Nicolaas
Ashmore and Cartier Islands: none; offshore anchorage only
Atlantic Ocean: Alexandria (Egypt), Algiers (Algeria), Antwerp (Belgium), Barcelona (Spain), Buenos Aires (Argentina), Casablanca (Morocco), Colon (Panama), Copenhagen (Denmark), Dakar (Senegal), Gdansk (Poland), Hamburg (Germany), Helsinki (Finland), Las Palmas (Canary Islands, Spain), Le Havre (France), Lisbon (Portugal), London (UK), Marseille (France), Montevideo (Uruguay), Montreal (Canada), Naples (Italy), New Orleans (US), New York (US), Oran (Algeria), Oslo (Norway), Peiraiefs or Piraeus (Greece), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Rotterdam (Netherlands), Saint Petersburg (Russia), Stockholm (Sweden)
Australia: Adelaide, Brisbane, Cairns, Darwin, Devonport (Tasmania), Fremantle, Geelong, Hobart (Tasmania), Launceston (Tasmania), Mackay, Melbourne, Sydney, Townsville
Austria: Linz, Vienna, Enns, Krems
Azerbaijan: Baku (Baki)
Bahamas, The: Freeport, Matthew Town, Nassau
Bahrain: Manama, Mina' Salman, Sitrah
Baker Island: none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one small boat landing area along the middle of the west coast
Bangladesh: Chittagong, Dhaka, Mongla Port, Narayanganj (2001)
Barbados: Bridgetown, Speightstown (Port Charles Marina)
Bassas da India: none; offshore anchorage only
Belarus: Mazyr
Belgium: Antwerp (one of the world's busiest ports), Brugge, Gent, Hasselt, Liege, Mons, Namur, Oostende, Zeebrugge
Belize: Belize City, Big Creek, Corozol, Punta Gorda
Benin: Cotonou, Porto-Novo
Bermuda: Hamilton, Saint George
Bhutan: none
Bolivia: none; however, Bolivia has free port privileges in maritime ports in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Paraguay
Bosnia and Herzegovina: Bosanska Gradiska, Bosanski Brod, Bosanski Samac, and Brcko (all inland waterway ports on the Sava), Orasje
Botswana: none
Bouvet Island: none; offshore anchorage only
Brazil: Belem, Fortaleza, Ilheus, Imbituba, Manaus, Paranagua, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande, Salvador, Santos, Vitoria
British Indian Ocean Territory: Diego Garcia
British Virgin Islands: Road Town
Brunei: Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Muara, Seria, Tutong
Bulgaria: Burgas, Lom, Nesebur, Ruse, Varna, Vidin
Burkina Faso: none
Burma: Bassein, Bhamo, Chauk, Mandalay, Moulmein, Myitkyina, Rangoon, Akyab (Sittwe), Tavoy
Burundi: Bujumbura
Cambodia: Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville), Kampot, Krong Kaoh Kong, Phnom Penh
Cameroon: Bonaberi, Douala, Garoua, Kribi, Tiko
Canada: Becancour (Quebec), Churchill, Halifax, Hamilton, Montreal, New Westminster, Prince Rupert, Quebec, Saint John (New Brunswick), St. John's (Newfoundland), Sept Isles, Sydney, Trois-Rivieres, Thunder Bay, Toronto, Vancouver, Windsor
Cape Verde: Mindelo, Praia, Tarrafal
Cayman Islands: Cayman Brac, George Town
Central African Republic: Bangui, Nola
Chad: none
Chile: Antofagasta, Arica, Chanaral, Coquimbo, Iquique, Puerto Montt, Punta Arenas, San Antonio, San Vicente, Talcahuano, Valparaiso
China: Dalian, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Haikou, Huangpu, Lianyungang, Nanjing, Nantong, Ningbo, Qingdao, Qinhuangdao, Shanghai, Shantou, Tianjin, Xiamen, Xingang, Yantai, Zhanjiang
Christmas Island: Flying Fish Cove
Clipperton Island: none; offshore anchorage only
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: none; lagoon anchorage only
Colombia: Bahia de Portete, Barranquilla, Buenaventura, Cartagena, Leticia, Puerto Bolivar, San Andres, Santa Marta, Tumaco, Turbo
Comoros: Fomboni, Moroni, Moutsamoudou
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: Banana, Boma, Bukavu, Bumba, Goma, Kalemie, Kindu, Kinshasa, Kisangani, Matadi, Mbandaka
Congo, Republic of the: Brazzaville, Impfondo, Ouesso, Oyo, Pointe-Noire
Cook Islands: Avarua, Avatiu
Coral Sea Islands: none; offshore anchorage only
Costa Rica: Caldera, Golfito, Moin, Puerto Limon, Puerto Quepos, Puntarenas
Cote d'Ivoire: Abidjan, Aboisso, Dabou, San-Pedro
Croatia: Dubrovnik, Dugi Rat, Omisalj, Ploce, Pula, Rijeka, Sibenik, Split, Vukovar (inland waterway port on Danube), Zadar
Cuba: Cienfuegos, Havana, Manzanillo, Mariel, Matanzas, Nuevitas, Santiago de Cuba
Cyprus: Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Paphos, Vasilikos
Czech Republic: Decin, Prague, Usti nad Labem
Denmark: Abenra, Alborg, Arhus, Copenhagen, Esbjerg, Fredericia, Kolding, Odense, Roenne (Bornholm), Vejle
Djibouti: Djibouti
Dominica: Portsmouth, Roseau
Dominican Republic: Barahona, La Romana, Puerto Plata, San Pedro de Macoris, Santo Domingo
Ecuador: Esmeraldas, Guayaquil, La Libertad, Manta, Puerto Bolivar, San Lorenzo
Egypt: Alexandria, Al Ghardaqah, Aswan, Asyut, Bur Safajah, Damietta, Marsa Matruh, Port Said, Suez
El Salvador: Acajutla, Puerto Cutuco, La Libertad, La Union, Puerto El Triunfo
Equatorial Guinea: Bata, Luba, Malabo
Eritrea: Assab (Aseb), Massawa (Mits'iwa)
Estonia: Haapsalu, Kunda, Muuga, Paldiski, Parnu, Tallinn
Ethiopia: none; Ethiopia is landlocked and was by agreement with Eritrea using the ports of Assab and Massawa; since the border dispute with Eritrea flared, Ethiopia has used the port of Djibouti for nearly all of its imports
Europa Island: none; offshore anchorage only
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): Stanley
Faroe Islands: Torshavn, Klaksvik, Tvoroyri, Runavik, Fuglafjorour
Fiji: Lambasa, Lautoka, Levuka, Savusavu, Suva
Finland: Hamina, Helsinki, Kokkola, Kotka, Loviisa, Oulu, Pori, Rauma, Turku, Uusikaupunki, Varkaus
France: Bordeaux, Boulogne, Cherbourg, Dijon, Dunkerque, La Pallice, Le Havre, Lyon, Marseille, Mullhouse, Nantes, Paris, Rouen, Saint Nazaire, Saint Malo, Strasbourg
French Guiana: Cayenne, Degrad des Cannes, Saint-Laurent du Maroni
French Polynesia: Mataura, Papeete, Rikitea, Uturoa
French Southern and Antarctic Lands: none; offshore anchorage only
Gabon: Cap Lopez, Kango, Lambarene, Libreville, Mayumba, Owendo, Port-Gentil
Gambia, The: Banjul
Gaza Strip: Gaza
Georgia: Bat'umi, P'ot'i, Sokhumi
Germany: Berlin, Bonn, Brake, Bremen, Bremerhaven, Cologne, Dresden, Duisburg, Emden, Hamburg, Karlsruhe, Kiel, Luebeck, Magdeburg, Mannheim, Rostock, Stuttgart
Ghana: Takoradi, Tema
Gibraltar: Gibraltar
Glorioso Islands: none; offshore anchorage only
Greece: Alexandroupolis, Elefsis, Irakleion (Crete), Kavala, Kerkyra, Chalkis, Igoumenitsa, Lavrion, Patrai, Peiraiefs (Piraeus), Thessaloniki, Volos
Greenland: Aasiaat (Egedesminde), Ilulissat (Jakobshavn), Kangerlussuaq, Nanortalik, Narsarsuaq, Nuuk (Godthab), Qaqortoq (Julianehab), Sisimiut (Holsteinsborg), Tasiilaq (March 2001)
Grenada: Grenville, Saint George's
Guadeloupe: Basse-Terre, Gustavia (on Saint Barthelemy), Marigot, Pointe-a-Pitre
Guam: Apra Harbor
Guatemala: Champerico, Puerto Barrios, Puerto Quetzal, San Jose, Santo Tomas de Castilla
Guernsey: Saint Peter Port, Saint Sampson
Guinea: Boke, Conakry, Kamsar
Guinea-Bissau: Bissau, Buba, Cacheu, Farim
Guyana: Bartica, Georgetown, Linden, New Amsterdam, Parika
Haiti: Cap-Haitien, Gonaives, Jacmel, Jeremie, Les Cayes, Miragoane, Port-au-Prince, Port-de-Paix, Saint-Marc
Heard Island and McDonald Islands: none; offshore anchorage only
Holy See (Vatican City): none
Honduras: La Ceiba, Puerto Castilla, Puerto Cortes, San Lorenzo, Tela, Puerto Lempira
Hong Kong: Hong Kong
Howland Island: none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one small boat landing area along the middle of the west coast
Hungary: Budapest, Dunaujvaros
Iceland: Akureyri, Hornafjordur, Isafjordhur, Keflavik, Raufarhofn, Reykjavik, Seydhisfjordhur, Straumsvik, Vestmannaeyjar
India: Chennai (Madras), Cochin, Jawaharal Nehru, Kandla, Kolkata (Calcutta), Mumbai (Bombay), Vishakhapatnam
Indian Ocean: Chennai (Madras; India), Colombo (Sri Lanka), Durban (South Africa), Jakarta (Indonesia), Kolkata (Calcutta; India) Melbourne (Australia), Mumbai (Bombay; India), Richards Bay (South Africa)
Indonesia: Cilacap, Cirebon, Jakarta, Kupang, Makassar, Palembang, Semarang, Surabaya
Iran: Abadan (largely destroyed in fighting during 1980-88 war), Ahvaz, Bandar 'Abbas, Bandar-e Anzali, Bushehr, Bandar-e Emam Khomeyni, Bandar-e Lengeh, Bandar-e Mahshahr, Bandar-e Torkaman, Chabahar (Bandar Beheshti), Jazireh-ye Khark, Jazireh-ye Lavan, Jazireh-ye Sirri, Khorramshahr (limited operation since November 1992), Now Shahr
Iraq: Umm Qasr, Khawr az Zubayr, and Al Basrah have limited functionality
Ireland: Arklow, Cork, Drogheda, Dublin, Foynes, Galway, Limerick, New Ross, Waterford
Israel: Ashdod, Ashqelon, Elat (Eilat), Hadera, Haifa, Tel Aviv-Yafo
Italy: Augusta (Sicily), Bagnoli, Bari, Brindisi, Gela, Genoa, La Spezia, Livorno, Milazzo, Naples, Porto Foxi, Porto Torres (Sardinia), Salerno, Savona, Taranto, Trieste, Venice (2001)
Jamaica: Alligator Pond, Discovery Bay, Kingston, Montego Bay, Ocho Rios, Port Antonio, Rocky Point, Port Esquivel (Longswharf)
Jan Mayen: none; offshore anchorage only
Japan: Akita, Amagasaki, Chiba, Hachinohe, Hakodate, Higashi-Harima, Himeji, Hiroshima, Kawasaki, Kinuura, Kobe, Kushiro, Mizushima, Moji, Nagoya, Osaka, Sakai, Sakaide, Shimizu, Tokyo, Tomakomai
Jarvis Island: none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one small boat landing area in the middle of the west coast and another near the southwest corner of the island
Jersey: Gorey, Saint Aubin, Saint Helier
Johnston Atoll: Johnston Island
Jordan: Al 'Aqabah
Juan de Nova Island: none; offshore anchorage only
Kazakhstan: Aqtau (Shevchenko), Atyrau (Gur'yev), Oskemen (Ust-Kamenogorsk), Pavlodar, Semey (Semipalatinsk)
Kenya: Kisumu, Lamu, Mombasa
Kingman Reef: none; offshore anchorage only
Kiribati: Banaba, Betio, English Harbor, Kanton
Korea, North: Ch'ongjin, Haeju, Hungnam (Hamhung), Kimch'aek, Kosong, Najin, Namp'o, Sinuiju, Songnim, Sonbong (formerly Unggi), Ungsang, Wonsan
Korea, South: Chinhae, Inch'on, Kunsan, Masan, Mokp'o, P'ohang, Pusan, Tonghae-hang, Ulsan, Yosu
Kuwait: Ash Shu'aybah, Ash Shuwaykh, Kuwait, Mina' 'Abd Allah, Mina' al Ahmadi, Mina' Su'ud
Kyrgyzstan: Balykchy (Ysyk-Kol or Rybach'ye)
Laos: none
Latvia: Daugavpils, Liepaja, Riga, Ventspils
Lebanon: Antilyas, Batroun, Beirut, Chekka, El Mina, Ez Zahrani, Jbail, Jounie, Naqoura, Sidon, Tripoli, Tyre
Lesotho: none
Liberia: Buchanan, Greenville, Harper, Monrovia
Libya: Al Khums, Banghazi, Darnah, Marsa al Burayqah, Misratah, Ra's Lanuf, Tobruk, Tripoli, Zuwarah
Liechtenstein: none
Lithuania: Butinge, Kaunas, Klaipeda
Luxembourg: Mertert
Macau: Macau
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: none
Madagascar: Antsiranana, Antsohimbondrona, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara
Malawi: Chipoka, Monkey Bay, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Chilumba
Malaysia: Bintulu, Kota Kinabalu, Kuantan, Kuching, Kudat, Labuan, Lahad Datu, Lumut, Miri, Pasir Gudang, Penang, Port Dickson, Port Kelang, Sandakan, Sibu, Tanjung Berhala, Tanjung Kidurong, Tawau
Maldives: Gan, Male
Mali: Koulikoro
Malta: Marsaxlokk, Valletta
Man, Isle of: Castletown, Douglas, Peel, Ramsey
Marshall Islands: Majuro
Martinique: Fort-de-France, La Trinite
Mauritania: Bogue, Kaedi, Nouadhibou, Nouakchott, Rosso
Mauritius: Port Louis
Mayotte: Dzaoudzi
Mexico: Acapulco, Altamira, Coatzacoalcos, Ensenada, Guaymas, La Paz, Lazaro Cardenas, Manzanillo, Mazatlan, Progreso, Salina Cruz, Tampico, Topolobampo, Tuxpan, Veracruz
Micronesia, Federated States of: Colonia (Yap), Kolonia (Pohnpei), Lele, Moen
Midway Islands: Sand Island
Moldova: none
Monaco: Monaco
Mongolia: none
Montserrat: Plymouth (abandoned), Little Bay (anchorages and ferry landing), Carr's Bay
Morocco: Agadir, El Jadida, Casablanca, El Jorf Lasfar, Kenitra, Mohammedia, Nador, Rabat, Safi, Tangier; also Spanish-controlled Ceuta and Melilla
Mozambique: Beira, Inhambane, Maputo, Nacala, Pemba, Quelimane
Namibia: Luderitz, Walvis Bay
Nauru: Nauru
Navassa Island: none; offshore anchorage only
Nepal: none
Netherlands: Amsterdam, Delfzijl, Dordrecht, Eemshaven, Groningen, Haarlem, Ijmuiden, Maastricht, Rotterdam, Terneuzen, Utrecht, Vlissingen
Netherlands Antilles: Kralendijk, Philipsburg, Willemstad
New Caledonia: Mueo, Noumea, Thio
New Zealand: Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin, Tauranga, Wellington
Nicaragua: Bluefields, Corinto, El Bluff, Puerto Cabezas, Puerto Sandino, Rama, San Juan del Sur
Niger: none
Nigeria: Calabar, Lagos, Onne, Port Harcourt, Sapele, Warri
Niue: none; offshore anchorage only
Norfolk Island: none; loading jetties at Kingston and Cascade
Northern Mariana Islands: Saipan, Tinian
Norway: Bergen, Drammen, Floro, Hammerfest, Harstad, Haugesund, Kristiansand, Larvik, Narvik, Oslo, Porsgrunn, Stavanger, Tromso, Trondheim
Oman: Matrah, Mina' al Fahl, Mina' Raysut
Pacific Ocean: Bangkok (Thailand), Hong Kong, Kao-hsiung (Taiwan), Los Angeles (US), Manila (Philippines), Pusan (South Korea), San Francisco (US), Seattle (US), Shanghai (China), Singapore, Sydney (Australia), Vladivostok (Russia), Wellington (NZ), Yokohama (Japan)
Pakistan: Karachi, Port Muhammad bin Qasim
Palau: Koror
Palmyra Atoll: West Lagoon
Panama: Balboa, Cristobal, Coco Solo, Manzanillo (part of Colon area), Vacamonte
Papua New Guinea: Kieta, Lae, Madang, Port Moresby, Rabaul
Paracel Islands: small Chinese port facilities on Woody Island and Duncan Island being expanded
Paraguay: Asuncion, Villeta, San Antonio, Encarnacion
Peru: Callao, Chimbote, Ilo, Matarani, Paita, Puerto Maldonado, Salaverry, San Martin, Talara, Iquitos, Pucallpa, Yurimaguas
note: Iquitos, Pucallpa, and Yurimaguas are all on the upper reaches of the Amazon and its tributaries
Philippines: Batangas, Cagayan de Oro, Cebu, Davao, Guimaras Island, Iligan, Iloilo, Jolo, Legaspi, Manila, Masao, Puerto Princesa, San Fernando, Subic Bay, Zamboanga
Pitcairn Islands: Bounty Bay
Poland: Gdansk, Gdynia, Gliwice, Kolobrzeg, Szczecin, Swinoujscie, Ustka, Warsaw, Wroclaw
Portugal: Aveiro, Funchal (Madeira Islands), Horta (Azores), Leixoes, Lisbon, Porto, Ponta Delgada (Azores), Praia da Vitoria (Azores), Setubal, Viana do Castelo
Puerto Rico: Guanica, Guayanilla, Guayama, Playa de Ponce, San Juan
Qatar: Doha, Halul Island, Umm Sa'id (Musay'id)
Reunion: Le Port, Pointe des Galets
Romania: Braila, Constanta, Galati, Mangalia, Sulina, Tulcea
Russia: Arkhangel'sk, Astrakhan', Kaliningrad, Kazan', Khabarovsk, Kholmsk, Krasnoyarsk, Moscow, Murmansk, Nakhodka, Nevel'sk, Novorossiysk, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy, Saint Petersburg, Rostov, Sochi, Tuapse, Vladivostok, Volgograd, Vostochnyy, Vyborg
Rwanda: Cyangugu, Gisenyi, Kibuye
Saint Helena: Georgetown (on Ascension), Jamestown
Saint Kitts and Nevis: Basseterre, Charlestown
Saint Lucia: Castries, Vieux Fort
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: Saint Pierre
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Kingstown
Samoa: Apia, Asau, Mulifanua, Salelologa
San Marino: none
Sao Tome and Principe: Santo Antonio, Sao Tome
Saudi Arabia: Ad Dammam, Al Jubayl, Duba, Jiddah, Jizan, Rabigh, Ra's al Khafji, Mishab, Ras Tanura, Yanbu' al Bahr, Madinat Yanbu' al Sinaiyah
Senegal: Dakar, Kaolack, Matam, Podor, Richard Toll, Saint-Louis, Ziguinchor
Seychelles: Victoria
Sierra Leone: Bonthe, Freetown, Pepel
Singapore: Singapore
Slovakia: Bratislava, Komarno
Slovenia: Izola, Koper, Piran
Solomon Islands: Aola Bay, Honiara, Lofung, Noro, Viru Harbor, Yandina
Somalia: Bender Cassim (Boosaaso), Berbera, Chisimayu (Kismaayo), Merca, Mogadishu
South Africa: Cape Town, Durban, East London, Mosselbaai, Port Elizabeth, Richards Bay, Saldanha
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands: Grytviken
Southern Ocean: McMurdo, Palmer, and offshore anchorages in Antarctica
note: few ports or harbors exist on the southern side of the Southern Ocean; ice conditions limit use of most of them to short periods in midsummer; even then some cannot be entered without icebreaker escort; most antarctic ports are operated by government research stations and, except in an emergency, are not open to commercial or private vessels; vessels in any port south of 60 degrees south are subject to inspection by Antarctic Treaty observers
Spain: Aviles, Barcelona, Bilbao, Cadiz, Cartagena, Castellon de la Plana, Ceuta, Huelva, La Coruna, Las Palmas (Canary Islands), Malaga, Melilla, Pasajes, Gijon, Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Canary Islands), Santander, Tarragona, Valencia, Vigo
Spratly Islands: none; offshore anchorage only
Sri Lanka: Colombo, Galle, Jaffna, Trincomalee
Sudan: Juba, Khartoum, Kusti, Malakal, Nimule, Port Sudan, Sawakin
Suriname: Albina, Moengo, New Nickerie, Paramaribo, Paranam, Wageningen
Svalbard: Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden
Swaziland: none
Sweden: Gavle, Goteborg, Halmstad, Helsingborg, Hudiksvall, Kalmar, Karlshamn, Malmo, Solvesborg, Stockholm, Sundsvall
Switzerland: Basel
Syria: Baniyas, Jablah, Latakia, Tartus
Tajikistan: none
Tanzania: Bukoba, Dar es Salaam, Kigoma, Kilwa Masoko, Lindi, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pangani, Tanga, Wete, Zanzibar
Thailand: Bangkok, Laem Chabang, Pattani, Phuket, Sattahip, Si Racha, Songkhla
Togo: Kpeme, Lome
Tokelau: none; offshore anchorage only
Tonga: Neiafu, Nuku'alofa, Pangai
Trinidad and Tobago: Pointe-a-Pierre, Point Fortin, Point Lisas, Port-of-Spain, Scarborough, Tembladora
Tromelin Island: none; offshore anchorage only
Tunisia: Bizerte, Gabes, La Goulette, Sfax, Sousse, Tunis, Zarzis
Turkey: Gemlik, Hopa, Iskenderun, Istanbul, Izmir, Kocaeli (Izmit), Icel (Mersin), Samsun, Trabzon
Turkmenistan: Turkmenbashi
Turks and Caicos Islands: Grand Turk, Providenciales
Tuvalu: Funafuti, Nukufetau
Uganda: Entebbe, Jinja, Port Bell
Ukraine: Berdyans'k, Illichivs'k, Izmayil, Kerch, Kherson, Kiev (Kyyiv), Mariupol', Mykolayiv, Odesa, Reni, Sevastopol'
United Arab Emirates: 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Das Island, Khawr Fakkan, Mina' Jabal 'Ali, Mina' Khalid, Mina' Rashid, Mina' Saqr, Mina' Zayid, Umm al Qaywayn
United Kingdom: Aberdeen, Belfast, Bristol, Cardiff, Dover, Falmouth, Felixstowe, Glasgow, Grangemouth, Hull, Leith, Liverpool, London, Manchester, Peterhead, Plymouth, Portsmouth, Scapa Flow, Southampton, Sullom Voe, Tees, Tyne
United States: Anchorage, Baltimore, Boston, Charleston, Chicago, Duluth, Hampton Roads, Honolulu, Houston, Jacksonville, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, Port Canaveral, Portland (Oregon), Prudhoe Bay, San Francisco, Savannah, Seattle, Tampa, Toledo
Uruguay: Fray Bentos, Montevideo, Nueva Palmira, Paysandu, Punta del Este, Colonia, Piriapolis
Uzbekistan: Termiz (Amu Darya river)
Vanuatu: Forari, Port-Vila, Santo (Espiritu Santo)
Venezuela: Amuay, Bajo Grande, El Tablazo, La Guaira, La Salina, Maracaibo, Matanzas, Palua, Puerto Cabello, Puerto la Cruz, Puerto Ordaz, Puerto Sucre, Punta Cardon
Vietnam: Cam Ranh, Da Nang, Haiphong, Ho Chi Minh City, Ha Long, Quy Nhon, Nha Trang, Vinh, Vung Tau
Virgin Islands: Charlotte Amalie, Christiansted, Cruz Bay, Port Alucroix
Wake Island: none; two offshore anchorages for large ships
Wallis and Futuna: Leava, Mata-Utu
West Bank: none
Western Sahara: Ad Dakhla, Cabo Bojador, Laayoune (El Aaiun)
World: Chiba, Houston, Kawasaki, Kobe, Marseille, Mina' al Ahmadi (Kuwait), New Orleans, New York, Rotterdam, Yokohama
Yemen: Aden, Al Hudaydah, Al Mukalla, As Salif, Mocha, Nishtun
Yugoslavia: Bar, Belgrade, Kotor, Novi Sad, Pancevo, Tivat, Zelenika
Zambia: Mpulungu
Zimbabwe: Binga, Kariba
Taiwan: Chi-lung (Keelung), Hua-lien, Kao-hsiung, Su-ao, T'ai-chung
======================================================================
@Radio broadcast stations
Afghanistan: AM 7 (6 are inactive; the active station is in Kabul), FM 1, shortwave 1 (broadcasts in Pushtu, Dari, Urdu, and English) (1999)
Albania: AM 16, FM 3, shortwave 2 (1999)
Algeria: AM 25, FM 1, shortwave 8 (1999)
American Samoa: AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
Andorra: AM 0, FM 15, shortwave 0 (1998)
Angola: AM 34, FM 7, shortwave 9 (1999)
Anguilla: AM 5, FM 6, shortwave 1 (1998)
Antarctica: AM NA, FM 2, shortwave 1
note: information for US bases only (1998)
Antigua and Barbuda: AM 4, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Argentina: AM 260 (including 10 inactive stations), FM NA (probably more than 1,000, mostly unlicensed), shortwave 6 (1998)
Armenia: AM 9, FM 6, shortwave 1 (1998)
Aruba: AM 4, FM 6, shortwave 0 (1998)
Australia: AM 262, FM 345, shortwave 1 (1998)
Austria: AM 1, FM 61 (plus several hundred repeaters), shortwave 1 (1998)
Azerbaijan: AM 10, FM 17, shortwave 1 (1998)
Bahamas, The: AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)
Bahrain: AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Bangladesh: AM 12, FM 12, shortwave 2 (1999)
Barbados: AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Belarus: AM 28, FM 37, shortwave 11 (1998)
Belgium: FM 79, AM 7, shortwave 1 (1998)
Belize: AM 1, FM 12, shortwave 0 (1998)
Benin: AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 4 (1998)
Bermuda: AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Bhutan: AM 0, FM 1, shortwave 1 (1998)
Bolivia: AM 171, FM 73, shortwave 77 (1999)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: AM 8, FM 16, shortwave 1 (1998)
Botswana: AM 7, FM 15, shortwave 5 (1998)
Brazil: AM 1,365, FM 296, shortwave 161 (of which 91 are collocated with AM stations) (1999)
British Indian Ocean Territory: AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
British Virgin Islands: AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)
Brunei: AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998)
Bulgaria: AM 24, FM 93, shortwave 2 (1998)
Burkina Faso: AM 2, FM 17, shortwave 1 (1998)
Burma: AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 3 (1998)
Burundi: AM 2, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Cambodia: AM 7, FM 3, shortwave 3 (1999)
Cameroon: AM 11, FM 8, shortwave 3 (1998)
Canada: AM 535, FM 53, shortwave 6 (1998)
Cape Verde: AM 0, FM 11 (and 14 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998)
Cayman Islands: AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998)
Central African Republic: AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 1 (1998)
Chad: AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 5 (1998)
Chile: AM 180 (eight inactive), FM 64, shortwave 17 (one inactive) (1998)
China: AM 369, FM 259, shortwave 45 (1998)
Christmas Island: AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Colombia: AM 454, FM 34, shortwave 27 (1999)
Comoros: AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1 (1998)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: AM 3, FM 12, shortwave 1 (1999)
Congo, Republic of the: AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 1 (1999)
Cook Islands: AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Costa Rica: AM 50, FM 43, shortwave 19 (1998)
Cote d'Ivoire: AM 2, FM 8, shortwave 3 (1998)
Croatia: AM 16, FM 98, shortwave 5 (1999)
Cuba: AM 169, FM 55, shortwave 1 (1998)
Cyprus: Greek Cypriot area: AM 7, FM 60, shortwave 1 (1998); Turkish Cypriot area: AM 3, FM 11, shortwave 1 (1998)
Czech Republic: AM 31, FM 304, shortwave 17 (2000)
Denmark: AM 2, FM 355, shortwave 0 (1998)
Djibouti: AM 2, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Dominica: AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998)
Dominican Republic: AM 120, FM 56, shortwave 4 (1998)
Ecuador: AM 392, FM 27, shortwave 29 (1998)
Egypt: AM 42 (plus 15 repeaters), FM 14, shortwave 3 (1999)
El Salvador: AM 61 (plus 24 repeaters), FM 30, shortwave 0 (1998)
Equatorial Guinea: AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 4 (1998)
Eritrea: AM 2, FM 1, shortwave 2 (2000)
Estonia: AM 3 (all AM stations inactive since July 1998), FM 82, shortwave 1 (1998)
Ethiopia: AM 5, FM 0, shortwave 2 (1999)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998)
Faroe Islands: AM 1, FM 13, shortwave 0 (1998)
Fiji: AM 13, FM 40, shortwave 0 (1998)
Finland: AM 2, FM 186, shortwave 1 (1998)
France: AM 41, FM about 3,500 (this figure is an approximation and includes many repeaters), shortwave 2 (1998)
French Guiana: AM 2, FM 14 (including 6 repeaters), shortwave 6 (including 5 repeaters) (1998)
French Polynesia: AM 2, FM 14, shortwave 2 (1998)
Gabon: AM 6, FM 7, shortwave 6 (1998)
Gambia, The: AM 3, FM 5, shortwave 0 (2000)
Gaza Strip: AM 0, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Georgia: AM 7, FM 12, shortwave 4 (1998)
Germany: AM 51, FM 767, shortwave 4 (1998)
Ghana: AM 0, FM 18, shortwave 3 (1999)
Gibraltar: AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998)
Greece: AM 26, FM 88, shortwave 4 (1998)
Greenland: AM 5, FM 12, shortwave 0 (1998)
Grenada: AM 2, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
Guadeloupe: AM 1, FM 17, shortwave 0 (1998)
Guam: AM 4, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998)
Guatemala: AM 130, FM 487, shortwave 15 (2000)
Guernsey: AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
Guinea: AM 4, FM 8, shortwave 3 (1998)
Guinea-Bissau: AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Guyana: AM 3, FM 3, shortwave 1 (1998)
Haiti: AM 41, FM 26, shortwave 0 (1999)
Holy See (Vatican City): AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 2 (1998)
Honduras: AM 241, FM 53, shortwave 12 (1998)
Hong Kong: AM 7, FM 13, shortwave 0 (1998)
Hungary: AM 17, FM 57, shortwave 3 (1998)
Iceland: AM 3, FM about 70 (including repeaters), shortwave 1 (1998)
India: AM 153, FM 91, shortwave 68 (1998)
Indonesia: AM 678, FM 43, shortwave 82 (1998)
Iran: AM 72, FM 5, shortwave 5 (1998)
Iraq: AM 19 (5 are inactive), FM 51, shortwave 4 (1998)
Ireland: AM 9, FM 106, shortwave 0 (1998)
Israel: AM 23, FM 15, shortwave 2 (1998)
Italy: AM about 100, FM about 4,600, shortwave 9 (1998)
Jamaica: AM 10, FM 13, shortwave 0 (1998)
Jan Mayen: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA
note: there is one radio and meteorological station (1998)
Japan: AM 190, FM 88, shortwave 24 (1999)
Jersey: AM NA, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
Johnston Atoll: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA
Jordan: AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1 (1999)
Kazakhstan: AM 60, FM 17, shortwave 9 (1998)
Kenya: AM 24, FM 8, shortwave 6 (1999)
Kiribati: AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 1 (1998)
Korea, North: AM 16, FM 14, shortwave 12 (1999)
Korea, South: AM 106, FM 97, shortwave 6 (1999)
Kuwait: AM 6, FM 11, shortwave 1 (1998)
Kyrgyzstan: AM 12 (plus 10 repeater stations), FM 14, shortwave 2 (1998)
Laos: AM 12, FM 1, shortwave 4 (1998)
Latvia: AM 8, FM 56, shortwave 1 (1998)
Lebanon: AM 20, FM 22, shortwave 4 (1998)
Lesotho: AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1 (1998)
Liberia: AM 0, FM 6, shortwave 4 (1999)
Libya: AM 17, FM 4, shortwave 3 (1998)
Liechtenstein: AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)
Lithuania: AM 3, FM 112, shortwave 1 (1998)
Luxembourg: AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 2 (1999)
Macau: AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: AM 29, FM 20, shortwave 0 (1998)
Madagascar: AM 2 (plus 8 repeater stations), FM 7, shortwave 5 (1998)
Malawi: AM 9, FM 4 (plus 15 repeater stations), shortwave 3 (1998)
Malaysia: AM 56, FM 31 (plus 13 repeater stations), shortwave 5 (1999)
Maldives: AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 1 (1998)
Mali: AM 1, FM 14, shortwave 7 (1998)
Malta: AM 1, FM 18, shortwave 6 (1999)
Man, Isle of: AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
Marshall Islands: AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)
Martinique: AM 0, FM 14, shortwave 0 (1998)
Mauritania: AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1 (1998)
Mauritius: AM 5, FM 9, shortwave 2 (1998)
Mayotte: AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)
Mexico: AM 865, FM about 500, shortwave 13 (1999)
Micronesia, Federated States of: AM 5, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
Moldova: AM 7, FM 50, shortwave 3 (1998)
Monaco: AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998)
Mongolia: AM 7, FM 9, shortwave 4 (2001)
Montserrat: AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Morocco: AM 27, FM 25, shortwave 6 (1998)
Mozambique: AM 13, FM 16, shortwave 12 (2000)
Namibia: AM 2, FM 34, shortwave 5 (1998)
Nauru: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Nepal: AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1 (January 2000)
Netherlands: AM 4, FM 58, shortwave 3 (1998)
Netherlands Antilles: AM 9, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)
New Caledonia: AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998)
New Zealand: AM 124, FM 290, shortwave 4 (1998)
Nicaragua: AM 63, FM 32, shortwave 1 (1998)
Niger: AM 5, FM 5, shortwave 4 (1998)
Nigeria: AM 82, FM 35, shortwave 11 (1998)
Niue: AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
Norfolk Island: AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Northern Mariana Islands: AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 1 (1998)
Norway: AM 5, FM at least 650, shortwave 1 (1998)
Oman: AM 3, FM 9, shortwave 2 (1999)
Pakistan: AM 27, FM 1, shortwave 21 (1998)
Palau: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 1 (1998)
Panama: AM 101, FM 134, shortwave 0 (1998)
Papua New Guinea: AM 8, FM 19, shortwave 28 (1998)
Paraguay: AM 46, FM 27, shortwave 6 (three inactive) (1998)
Peru: AM 472, FM 198, shortwave 189 (1999)
Philippines: AM 366, FM 290, shortwave 3 (1999)
Pitcairn Islands: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Poland: AM 14, FM 777, shortwave 1 (1998)
Portugal: AM 47, FM 172 (many are repeaters), shortwave 2 (1998)
Puerto Rico: AM 72, FM 17, shortwave 0 (1998)
Qatar: AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1 (1998)
Reunion: AM 2, FM 55, shortwave 0 (1998)
Romania: AM 40, FM 202, shortwave 3 (1998)
Russia: AM 420, FM 447, shortwave 56 (1998)
Rwanda: AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 1 (1998)
Saint Helena: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Saint Kitts and Nevis: AM 3, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
Saint Lucia: AM 2, FM 7 (plus 3 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Samoa: AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
San Marino: AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Sao Tome and Principe: AM 2, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)
Saudi Arabia: AM 43, FM 31, shortwave 2 (1998)
Senegal: AM 10, FM 14, shortwave 0 (1998)
Seychelles: AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 2 (1998)
Sierra Leone: AM 1, FM 9, shortwave 1 (1999)
Singapore: AM 0, FM 16, shortwave 2 (1998)
Slovakia: AM 15, FM 78, shortwave 2 (1998)
Slovenia: AM 17, FM 160, shortwave 0 (1998)
Solomon Islands: AM 3, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Somalia: AM 0, FM 0, shortwave 4 (1988)
South Africa: AM 14, FM 347 (plus 243 repeaters), shortwave 1 (1998)
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands: none
Spain: AM 208, FM 715, shortwave 1 (1998)
Sri Lanka: AM 26, FM 45, shortwave 1 (1998)
Sudan: AM 12, FM 1, shortwave 1 (1998)
Suriname: AM 4, FM 13, shortwave 1 (1998)
Svalbard: AM 1, FM 1 (plus 2 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998)
Swaziland: AM 7, FM 6 (2000)
Sweden: AM 1, FM 265, shortwave 1 (1998)
Switzerland: AM 4, FM 113 (plus many low power stations), shortwave 2 (1998)
Syria: AM 14, FM 2, shortwave 1 (1998)
Tajikistan: AM 9, FM 6, shortwave 5 (1998)
Tanzania: AM 12, FM 11, shortwave 2 (1998)
Thailand: AM 204, FM 334, shortwave 6 (1999)
Togo: AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 4 (1998)
Tokelau: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA
note: each atoll has a radio broadcast station of unknown type that broadcasts shipping and weather reports (1998)
Tonga: AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1 (2001)
Trinidad and Tobago: AM 2, FM 12, shortwave 0 (1998)
Tunisia: AM 7, FM 20, shortwave 2 (1998)
Turkey: AM 16, FM 72, shortwave 6 (1998)
Turkmenistan: AM 16, FM 8, shortwave 2 (1998)
Turks and Caicos Islands: AM 3 (one inactive), FM 6, shortwave 0 (1998)
Tuvalu: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Uganda: AM 19, FM 4, shortwave 5 (1998)
Ukraine: AM 134, FM 289, shortwave 4 (1998)
United Arab Emirates: AM 13, FM 7, shortwave 2 (1998)
United Kingdom: AM 219, FM 431, shortwave 3 (1998)
United States: AM 4,762, FM 5,542, shortwave 18 (1998)
Uruguay: AM 94, FM 115, shortwave 14 (seven are inactive) (1998)
Uzbekistan: AM 20, FM 7, shortwave 10 (1998)
Vanuatu: AM 2, FM 2, shortwave 1 (1998)
Venezuela: AM 201, FM NA (20 in Caracas), shortwave 11 (1998)
Vietnam: AM 65, FM 7, shortwave 29 (1999)
Virgin Islands: AM 5, FM 11, shortwave 0 (1998)
Wake Island: AM 0, FM NA, shortwave NA
note: Armed Forces Radio/Television Service (AFRTS) radio service provided by satellite (1998)
Wallis and Futuna: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (2000)
West Bank: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0
note: the Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation broadcasts from an AM station in Ramallah on 675 kHz; numerous local, private stations are reported to be in operation (2000)
Western Sahara: AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
World: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA
Yemen: AM 6, FM 1, shortwave 2 (1998)
Yugoslavia: AM 113, FM 194, shortwave 2 (1998)
Zambia: AM 19, FM 5, shortwave 4 (1998)
Zimbabwe: AM 7, FM 20 (plus 17 repeater stations), shortwave 1 (1998)
Taiwan: AM 218, FM 333, shortwave 50 (1999)
======================================================================
@Radios
Afghanistan: 167,000 (1999)
Albania: 810,000 (1997)
Algeria: 7.1 million (1997)
American Samoa: 57,000 (1997)
Andorra: 16,000 (1997)
Angola: 630,000 (1997)
Anguilla: 3,000 (1997)
Antarctica: NA
Antigua and Barbuda: 36,000 (1997)
Argentina: 24.3 million (1997)
Armenia: 850,000 (1997)
Aruba: 50,000 (1997)
Australia: 25.5 million (1997)
Austria: 6.08 million (1997)
Azerbaijan: 175,000 (1997)
Bahamas, The: 215,000 (1997)
Bahrain: 338,000 (1997)
Bangladesh: 6.15 million (1997)
Barbados: 237,000 (1997)
Belarus: 3.02 million (1997)
Belgium: 8.075 million (1997)
Belize: 133,000 (1997)
Benin: 620,000 (1997)
Bermuda: 82,000 (1997)
Bhutan: 37,000 (1997)
Bolivia: 5.25 million (1997)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: 940,000 (1997)
Botswana: 237,000 (1997)
Brazil: 71 million (1997)
British Indian Ocean Territory: NA
British Virgin Islands: 9,000 (1997)
Brunei: 329,000 (1998)
Bulgaria: 4.51 million (1997)
Burkina Faso: 370,000 (1997)
Burma: 4.2 million (1997)
Burundi: 440,000 (1997)
Cambodia: 1.34 million (1997)
Cameroon: 2.27 million (1997)
Canada: 32.3 million (1997)
Cape Verde: 73,000 (1997)
Cayman Islands: 36,000 (1997)
Central African Republic: 283,000 (1997)
Chad: 1.67 million (1997)
Chile: 5.18 million (1997)
China: 417 million (1997)
Christmas Island: 1,000 (1997)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: 300 (1992)
Colombia: 21 million (1997)
Comoros: 90,000 (1997)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: 18.03 million (1997)
Congo, Republic of the: 341,000 (1997)
Cook Islands: 14,000 (1997)
Costa Rica: 980,000 (1997)
Cote d'Ivoire: 2.26 million (1997)
Croatia: 1.51 million (1997)
Cuba: 3.9 million (1997)
Cyprus: Greek Cypriot area: 310,000 (1997); Turkish Cypriot area: 56,450 (1994)
Czech Republic: 3,159,134 (December 2000)
Denmark: 6.02 million (1997)
Djibouti: 52,000 (1997)
Dominica: 46,000 (1997)
Dominican Republic: 1.44 million (1997)
Ecuador: 4.15 million (1997)
Egypt: 20.5 million (1997)
El Salvador: 2.75 million (1997)
Equatorial Guinea: 180,000 (1997)
Eritrea: 345,000 (1997)
Estonia: 1.01 million (1997)
Ethiopia: 11.75 million (1997)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): 1,000 (1997)
Faroe Islands: 26,000 (1997)
Fiji: 500,000 (1997)
Finland: 7.7 million (1997)
France: 55.3 million (1997)
French Guiana: 104,000 (1997)
French Polynesia: 128,000 (1997)
Gabon: 208,000 (1997)
Gambia, The: 196,000 (1997)
Gaza Strip: NA; note - most Palestinian households have radios (1999)
Georgia: 3.02 million (1997)
Germany: 77.8 million (1997)
Ghana: 4.4 million (1997)
Gibraltar: 37,000 (1997)
Greece: 5.02 million (1997)
Greenland: 30,000 (1998 est.)
Grenada: 57,000 (1997)
Guadeloupe: 113,000 (1997)
Guam: 221,000 (1997)
Guatemala: 835,000 (1997)
Guernsey: NA
Guinea: 357,000 (1997)
Guinea-Bissau: 49,000 (1997)
Guyana: 420,000 (1997)
Haiti: 415,000 (1997)
Holy See (Vatican City): NA
Honduras: 2.45 million (1997)
Hong Kong: 4.45 million (1997)
Hungary: 7.01 million (1997)
Iceland: 260,000 (1997)
India: 116 million (1997)
Indonesia: 31.5 million (1997)
Iran: 17 million (1997)
Iraq: 4.85 million (1997)
Ireland: 2.55 million (1997)
Israel: 3.07 million (1997)
Italy: 50.5 million (1997)
Jamaica: 1.215 million (1997)
Japan: 120.5 million (1997)
Jersey: NA
Jordan: 1.66 million (1997)
Kazakhstan: 6.47 million (1997)
Kenya: 3.07 million (1997)
Kiribati: 17,000 (1997)
Korea, North: 3.36 million (1997)
Korea, South: 47.5 million (1997)
Kuwait: 1.175 million (1997)
Kyrgyzstan: 520,000 (1997)
Laos: 730,000 (1997)
Latvia: 1.76 million (1997)
Lebanon: 2.85 million (1997)
Lesotho: 104,000 (1997)
Liberia: 790,000 (1997)
Libya: 1.35 million (1997)
Liechtenstein: 21,000 (1997)
Lithuania: 1.9 million (1997)
Luxembourg: 285,000 (1997)
Macau: 160,000 (1997)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: 410,000 (1997)
Madagascar: 3.05 million (1997)
Malawi: 2.6 million (1997)
Malaysia: 10.9 million (1999)
Maldives: 35,000 (1999)
Mali: 570,000 (1997)
Malta: 255,000 (1997)
Man, Isle of: NA
Marshall Islands: NA
Martinique: 82,000 (1997)
Mauritania: 360,000 (1997)
Mauritius: 420,000 (1997)
Mayotte: NA
Mexico: 31 million (1997)
Micronesia, Federated States of: NA
Moldova: 3.22 million (1997)
Monaco: 34,000 (1997)
Mongolia: 155,900 (1999)
Montserrat: 7,000 (1997)
Morocco: 6.64 million (1997)
Mozambique: 730,000 (1997)
Namibia: 232,000 (1997)
Nauru: 7,000 (1997)
Nepal: 840,000 (1997)
Netherlands: 15.3 million (1996)
Netherlands Antilles: 217,000 (1997)
New Caledonia: 107,000 (1997)
New Zealand: 3.75 million (1997)
Nicaragua: 1.24 million (1997)
Niger: 680,000 (1997)
Nigeria: 23.5 million (1997)
Niue: 1,000 (1997)
Norfolk Island: 2,500 (1996)
Northern Mariana Islands: NA
Norway: 4.03 million (1997)
Oman: 1.4 million (1997)
Pakistan: 13.5 million (1997)
Palau: 12,000 (1997)
Panama: 815,000 (1997)
Papua New Guinea: 410,000 (1997)
Paraguay: 925,000 (1997)
Peru: 6.65 million (1997)
Philippines: 11.5 million (1997)
Pitcairn Islands: NA
Poland: 20.2 million (1997)
Portugal: 3.02 million (1997)
Puerto Rico: 2.7 million (1997)
Qatar: 256,000 (1997)
Reunion: 173,000 (1997)
Romania: 7.2 million (1997)
Russia: 61.5 million (1997)
Rwanda: 601,000 (1997)
Saint Helena: 3,000 (1997)
Saint Kitts and Nevis: 28,000 (1997)
Saint Lucia: 111,000 (1997)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: 4,000 (1997)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: 77,000 (1997)
Samoa: 178,000 (1997)
San Marino: 16,000 (1997)
Sao Tome and Principe: 38,000 (1997)
Saudi Arabia: 6.25 million (1997)
Senegal: 1.24 million (1997)
Seychelles: 42,000 (1997)
Sierra Leone: 1.12 million (1997)
Singapore: 2.6 million (2000)
Slovakia: 3.12 million (1997)
Slovenia: 805,000 (1997)
Solomon Islands: 57,000 (1997)
Somalia: 470,000 (1997)
South Africa: 13.75 million (1997)
Spain: 13.1 million (1997)
Sri Lanka: 3.85 million (1997)
Sudan: 7.55 million (1997)
Suriname: 300,000 (1997)
Svalbard: NA
Swaziland: 155,000 (1997)
Sweden: 8.25 million (1997)
Switzerland: 7.1 million (1997)
Syria: 4.15 million (1997)
Tajikistan: 1.291 million (1991)
Tanzania: 8.8 million (1997)
Thailand: 13.96 million (1997)
Togo: 940,000 (1997)
Tokelau: 1,000 (1997)
Tonga: 61,000 (1997)
Trinidad and Tobago: 680,000 (1997)
Tunisia: 2.06 million (1997)
Turkey: 11.3 million (1997)
Turkmenistan: 1.225 million (1997)
Turks and Caicos Islands: 8,000 (1997)
Tuvalu: 4,000 (1997)
Uganda: 2.6 million (1997)
Ukraine: 45.05 million (1997)
United Arab Emirates: 820,000 (1997)
United Kingdom: 84.5 million (1997)
United States: 575 million (1997)
Uruguay: 1.97 million (1997)
Uzbekistan: 10.8 million (1997)
Vanuatu: 62,000 (1997)
Venezuela: 10.75 million (1997)
Vietnam: 8.2 million (1997)
Virgin Islands: 107,000 (1997)
Wallis and Futuna: NA
West Bank: NA; note - most Palestinian households have radios (1999)
Western Sahara: 56,000 (1997)
World: NA
Yemen: 1.05 million (1997)
Yugoslavia: 3.15 million (1997)
Zambia: 1.03 million (1997)
Zimbabwe: 1.14 million (1997)
Taiwan: 16 million (1994)
======================================================================
@Railways
Afghanistan: total: 24.6 km
broad gauge: 9.6 km 1.524-m gauge from Gushgy (Turkmenistan) to Towraghondi; 15 km 1.524-m gauge from Termiz (Uzbekistan) to Kheyrabad transshipment point on south bank of Amu Darya
Albania: total: 447 km
standard gauge: 447 km 1.435-m gauge (2001)
Algeria: total: 4,820 km
standard gauge: 3,664 km 1.435-m gauge (301 km electrified; 215 km double track)
narrow gauge: 1,156 km 1.055-m gauge (1996)
American Samoa: 0 km
Andorra: 0 km
Angola: total: 2,771 km (inland, much of the track is unusable because of land mines still in place from the civil war)
narrow gauge: 2,648 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2000)
Anguilla: 0 km
Antigua and Barbuda: total: 77 km
narrow gauge: 64 km 0.760-m gauge; 13 km 0.610-m gauge (used almost exclusively for handling sugarcane)
Argentina: total: 33,744 km (167 km electrified)
broad gauge: 20,594 km 1.676-m gauge (141 km electrified)
standard gauge: 2,739 km 1.435-m gauge (26 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 10,154 km 1.000-m gauge; 257 km 0.750-m gauge (2000)
Armenia: total: 852 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines
broad gauge: 852 km 1.520-m gauge (779 km electrified) (2001)
Aruba: 0 km
Australia: total: 33,819 km (2,540 km electrified)
broad gauge: 3,719 km 1.600-m gauge
standard gauge: 15,422 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 14,506 km 1.067-m gauge
dual gauge: 172 km NA gauges (1999)
Austria: total: 6,095.2 km (3,643.3 km electrified)
standard gauge: 5,564.2 km 1.435-m gauge (3,521.2 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 497.1 km (33.9 km 1.000-m gauge - 28.1 km electrified, 497.1 km 0.760-m gauge - 94 km electrified) (2001)
Azerbaijan: total: 2,125 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines
broad gauge: 2,125 km 1.520-m gauge (1,278 km electrified) (1993)
Bahamas, The: 0 km
Bahrain: 0 km
Bangladesh: total: 2,745 km
broad gauge: 923 km 1.676-m gauge
narrow gauge: 1,822 km 1.000-m gauge (2000)
Barbados: 0 km
Belarus: total: 5,523 km
broad gauge: 5,523 km 1.520-m gauge (875 km electrified) (2000)
Belgium: total: 3,437 km (2,446 km electrified; 2,563 km double track)
standard gauge: 3,437 km 1.435-m gauge (1998)
Belize: 0 km
Benin: total: 578 km (single track)
narrow gauge: 578 km 1.000-m gauge (2000)
Bermuda: 0 km
Bhutan: 0 km
Bolivia: total: 3,691 km (single track)
narrow gauge: 3,652 km 1.000-m gauge; 39 km 0.760-m gauge (13 km electrified) (1995)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: total: 1,021 km (electrified 795 km; operating as diesel or steam until grids are repaired)
standard gauge: 1,021 km 1.435-m gauge; note - many segments still need repair and/or reconstruction (2000)
Botswana: total: 888 km
narrow gauge: 888 km 1.067-m gauge (2000)
Brazil: total: 30,539 km (2,129 km electrified); note - excludes urban rail
broad gauge: 5,679 km 1.600-m gauge (1199 km electrified)
standard gauge: 194 km 1.440-m gauge
narrow gauge: 24,666 km 1.000-m gauge (930 km electrified)
dual gauge: 336 km 1.000-m and 1.600-m gauges (three rails) (1999 est.)
British Virgin Islands: 0 km
Brunei: total: 13 km (private line)
narrow gauge: 13 km 0.610-m gauge
Bulgaria: total: 4,294 km
standard gauge: 4,049 km 1.435-m gauge (2,710 km electrified; 917 km double track)
narrow gauge: 245 km 0.760-m gauge (1998)
Burkina Faso: total: 622 km (517 km from Ouagadougou to the Cote d'Ivoire border and 105 km from Ouagadougou to Kaya)
narrow gauge: 622 km 1.000-m gauge (1995 est.)
Burma: total: 3,991 km
narrow gauge: 3,991 km 1.000-m gauge
Burundi: 0 km
Cambodia: total: 603 km
narrow gauge: 603 km 1.000-m gauge
Cameroon: total: 1,104 km
narrow gauge: 1,104 km 1.000-m gauge (1995 est.)
Canada: total: 36,114 km; note - there are two major transcontinental freight railway systems: Canadian National (privatized November 1995) and Canadian Pacific Railway; passenger service provided by government-operated firm VIA, which has no trackage of its own
standard gauge: 36,114 km 1.435-m gauge (156 km electrified) (1998)
Cape Verde: 0 km
Cayman Islands: 0 km
Central African Republic: 0 km
Chad: 0 km
Chile: total: 6,701 km
broad gauge: 2,831 km 1.676-m gauge (1317 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 117 km 1.067-m gauge (28 km electrified); 3,754 km 1.000-m gauge (37 km electrified) (2000)
China: total: 67,524 km (including 5,400 km of provincial "local" rails)
standard gauge: 63,924 km 1.435-m gauge (13,362 km electrified; 20,250 km double track)
narrow gauge: 3,600 km 0.750-m and 1.000-m gauge local industrial lines (1998 est.)
note: a new total of 68,000 km was estimated for early 1999 to take new construction programs into account (1999)
Christmas Island: 24 km to serve phosphate mines
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: 0 km
Colombia: total: 3,304 km
standard gauge: 150 km 1.435-m gauge (connects Cerrejon coal mines to maritime port at Bahia de Portete)
narrow gauge: 3,154 km 0.914-m gauge (major sections not in use) (2000)
Comoros: 0 km
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: total: 5,138 km (1995)
note: severely reduced route-distance in use because of damage to facilities by civil strife
narrow gauge: 3,987 km 1.067-m gauge (858 km electrified); 125 km 1.000-m gauge; 1,026 km 0.600-m gauge (2000)
Congo, Republic of the: total: 894 km
narrow gauge: 894 km 1.067-m gauge (2000)
Cook Islands: 0 km
Costa Rica: total: 950 km
narrow gauge: 950 km 1.067-m gauge (260 km electrified) (2000)
Cote d'Ivoire: total: 660 km
narrow gauge: 660 km 1.000-meter gauge; 25 km double track
note: an additional 600 km of this railroad extends into Burkina Faso, ending at Kaya, north of Ouagadougou (2000)
Croatia: total: 2,296 km
standard gauge: 2,296 km 1.435-m gauge (983 km electrified) (2000)
Cuba: total: 11,969 km
standard gauge: 4,807 km 1.435-m gauge (147 km electrified)
note: in addition to the 4,807 km of standard gauge track in public use, 7,162 km of track is in private use by sugar plantations; about 90% of the private use track is standard gauge and the rest is narrow gauge (2000)
Cyprus: 0 km
Czech Republic: total: 9,444 km
standard gauge: 9,350 km 1.435-m standard gauge (2,843 km electrified; 1,929 km double track)
narrow gauge: 94 km 0.760-m narrow gauge (2000)
Denmark: total: 2,859 km (508 km privately owned and operated)
standard gauge: 2,859 km 1.435-m gauge (600 km electrified; 760 km double track) (1998)
Djibouti: total: 100 km (Djibouti segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)
narrow gauge: 100 km 1.000-m gauge
note: Djibouti and Ethiopia plan to revitalize the century-old railroad that links their capitals by 2003
Dominica: 0 km
Dominican Republic: total: 757 km
standard gauge: 375 km 1.435-m gauge (Central Romana Railroad)
narrow gauge: 142 km 0.762-m gauge (Dominican Republic Government Railway)
note: 240 km operated by sugar companies in various gauges (0.558-m, 0.762-m, 1.067-m gauges) (2000)
Ecuador: total: 965 km
narrow gauge: 965 km 1.067-m gauge (2000)
Egypt: total: 4,955 km
standard gauge: 4,955 km 1,435-m gauge (42 km electrified; 1,560 km double track) (2000)
El Salvador: total: 562 km
narrow gauge: 562 km 0.914-m gauge
note: length of route which is operational is reduced to 283 km by disuse and lack of maintainance (2001)
Equatorial Guinea: total: 0 km
Eritrea: total: 317 km
narrow gauge: 317 km 0.950-m gauge (1999)
note: links Ak'ordat and Asmara with the port of Massawa; nonoperational since 1978 except for about a 5 km stretch that was reopened in Massawa in 1994; rehabilitation of the remainder and of the rolling stock is under way
Estonia: total: 1,018 km common carrier lines only; does not include dedicated industrial lines
broad gauge: 1,018 km 1.520-m gauge (132 km electrified) (1995)
Ethiopia: total: 681 km (Ethiopian segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)
narrow gauge: 681 km 1.000-m gauge
note: in April 1998, Djibouti and Ethiopia announced plans to revitalize the century-old railroad that links their capitals; since May 1998 Ethiopia has expended considerable effort to repair and maintain the lines
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): 0 km
Faroe Islands: 0 km
Fiji: total: 597 km; note - belongs to the government-owned Fiji Sugar Corporation
narrow gauge: 597 km 0.610-m gauge (1995)
Finland: total: 5,865 km
broad gauge: 5,865 km 1.524-m gauge (2,192 km electrified; 480 km double or multiple track) (1998)
France: total: 31,939 km (31,939 km are operated by French National Railways (SNCF); 14,176 km of SNCF routes are electrified and 12,132 km are double- or multiple-tracked)
standard gauge: 31,840 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 99 km 1.000-m gauge (1998)
French Guiana: 0 km (1995)
French Polynesia: 0 km
Gabon: total: 649 km (Gabon State Railways or OCTRA)
standard gauge: 649 km 1.435-m gauge; single track (1994)
Gambia, The: 0 km
Gaza Strip: total: NA km; note - one line, abandoned and in disrepair, little trackage remains
Georgia: total: 1,583 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines
broad gauge: 1,583 km 1.520-m gauge (1993)
Germany: total: 40,826 km including at least 14,253 km electrified and 14,768 km double- or multiple-tracked (1998)
note: since privatization in 1994, Deutsche Bahn AG (DBAG) no longer publishes details of the tracks it owns; in addition to the DBAG system there are 102 privately owned railway companies which own an approximate 3,000 km to 4,000 km of the total tracks
Ghana: total: 953 km (undergoing major rehabilitation)
narrow gauge: 953 km 1.067-m gauge (32 km double track) (1997 est.)
Gibraltar: total: NA km; 1.000-m gauge system in dockyard area only
Greece: total: 2,548 km
standard gauge: 1,565 km 1.435-m gauge (36 km electrified; 23 km double track)
narrow gauge: 961 km 1.000-m gauge; 22 km 0.750-m gauge (a rack-type railway for steep grades)
Greenland: 0 km
Grenada: 0 km
Guadeloupe: total: NA km; privately owned, narrow-gauge plantation lines
Guam: 0 km
Guatemala: total: 884 km (102 km privately owned)
narrow gauge: 884 km 0.914-m gauge (single track)
Guernsey: 0 km
Guinea: total: 1,086 km
standard gauge: 279 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 807 km 1.000-m gauge (includes 662 km in common carrier service from Kankan to Conakry)
Guinea-Bissau: 0 km
Guyana: total: 187 km (all dedicated to ore transport)
standard gauge: 139 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 48 km 0.914-m gauge
Haiti: total: 40 km (single track; privately owned industrial line) - closed in early 1990s
narrow gauge: 40 km 0.760-m gauge
Holy See (Vatican City): total: 862 m; note - a spur of the Italian Railways system, serving Rome's Saint Peter's station
standard gauge: 862 m 1.435-m gauge (1999)
Honduras: total: 595 km
narrow gauge: 349 km 1.067-m gauge; 246 km 0.914-m gauge (1999)
Hong Kong: total: 34 km
standard gauge: 34 km 1.435-m gauge (all electrified) (1996 est.)
Hungary: total: 7,606 km
broad gauge: 36 km 1.524-m gauge
standard gauge: 7,394 km 1.435-m gauge (2,270 km electrified; 1,236 km double track)
narrow gauge: 176 km 0.760-m gauge (1998)
note: Hungary and Austria jointly manage the cross-border standard-gauge railway connecting Gyor, Sopron, and Ebenfurt (Gysev railroad) a distance of about 101 km in Hungary and 65 km in Austria
Iceland: 0 km
India: total: 62,915 km (12,307 km electrified; 12,617 km double track)
broad gauge: 40,620 km 1.676-m gauge
narrow gauge: 18,501 km 1.000-m gauge; 3,794 km 0.762-m and 0.610-m gauge (1998 est.)
Indonesia: total: 6,458 km
narrow gauge: 5,961 km 1.067-m gauge (101 km electrified; 101 km double track); 497 km 0.750-m gauge (1995)
Iran: total: 5,600 km
broad gauge: 94 km 1.676-m gauge
standard gauge: 5,506 km 1.435-m gauge (146 km electrified)
note: broad gauge track is employed at the borders with Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan which have broad-gauge rail systems (2001)
Iraq: total: 2,032 km
standard gauge: 2,032 km 1.435-m gauge
note: rail link between Iraq and Syria restored in 2000 after 19 years
Ireland: total: 1,947 km
broad gauge: 1,947 km 1.600-m gauge (38 km electrified; 485 km double track) (1998)
Israel: total: 610 km
standard gauge: 610 km 1.435-m gauge (1996)
Italy: total: 19,394 km
standard gauge: 18,071 km 1.435-m gauge; Italian Railways (FS) operates 16,014 km of the total standard gauge routes (11,322 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 112 km 1.000-m gauge (112 km electrified); 1,211 km 0.950-m gauge (153 km electrified) (1998)
Jamaica: total: 370 km
standard gauge: 370 km 1.435-m gauge; note - 207 km belong to the Jamaica Railway Corporation in common carrier service, but are no longer operational; the remaining track is privately owned and used to transport bauxite
Japan: total: 23,670.7 km
standard gauge: 2,893.1 km 1.435-m gauge (entirely electrified)
narrow gauge: 89.8 km 1.372-m gauge (89.8 km electrified); 20,656.8 km 1.067-m gauge (10,383.6 km electrified); 31 km 0.762-m gauge (3.6 km electrified) (1994)
Jersey: 0 km
Jordan: total: 677 km
narrow gauge: 677 km 1.050-m gauge (2000)
Juan de Nova Island: total: NA km; short line going to a jetty
Kazakhstan: total: 14,400 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines
broad gauge: 14,400 km 1.520-m gauge (3,299 km electrified) (1997)
Kenya: total: 2,778 km
narrow gauge: 2,778 km 1.000-m gauge
note: the line connecting Nairobi with the port of Mombasa is the most important in the country
Kiribati: 0 km
Korea, North: total: 5,000 km
standard gauge: 4,095 km 1.435-m gauge (3,500 km electrified; 159 km double track)
narrow gauge: 665 km 0.762-m gauge
dual gauge: 240 km 1.435-m and 1.600-m gauges (four rails interlaced) (1996 est.)
Korea, South: total: 6,240 km
standard gauge: 6,240 km 1.435-m gauge (525 km electrified) (1998 est.)
Kuwait: 0 km
Kyrgyzstan: total: 370 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines
broad gauge: 370 km 1.520-m gauge (1990)
Laos: 0 km
Latvia: total: 2,412 km
broad gauge: 2,379 km 1.520-m gauge (271 km electrified) (1992)
narrow gauge: 33 km 0.750-m gauge (1994)
Lebanon: total: 399 km (mostly unusable because of damage in civil war)
standard gauge: 317 km 1.435-m
narrow gauge: 82 km (1999)
Lesotho: total: 2.6 km; note - owned by, operated by, and included in the statistics of South Africa
narrow gauge: 2.6 km 1.067-m gauge (1995)
Liberia: total: 490 km (328 km single track); note - three rail systems owned and operated by foreign steel and financial interests in conjunction with the Liberian Government; one of these, the Lamco Railroad, closed in 1989 after iron ore production ceased; the other two were shut down by the civil war; large sections of the rail lines have been dismantled; approximately 60 km of railroad track was exported for scrap
standard gauge: 345 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 145 km 1.067-m gauge
Libya: note: Libya has had no railroad in operation since 1965, all previous systems having been dismantled; current plans are to construct a 1.435-m standard gauge line from the Tunisian frontier to Tripoli and Misratah, then inland to Sabha, center of a mineral-rich area, but there has been little progress; other plans made jointly with Egypt would establish a rail line from As Sallum, Egypt, to Tobruk with completion originally set for mid-1994; Libya signed contracts with two private companies - Bahne of Egypt and Jez Sistemas Ferroviarios of Spain - in 1998 for the supply of crossings and pointwork (1001)
Liechtenstein: total: 18.5 km; note - owned, operated, and included in statistics of Austrian Federal Railways
standard gauge: 18.5 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified)
Lithuania: total: 2,002 km
broad gauge: 2,002 km 1.524-m gauge (122 km electrified) (1994)
Luxembourg: total: 274 km
standard gauge: 274 km 1.435-m gauge (242 km electrified; 178 km double track) (1998)
Macau: 0 km
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: total: 699 km
standard gauge: 699 km 1.435-m gauge (233 km electrified)
note: a 56-km extension of the Kumanovo-Beljakovci line to the Bulgarian border at Gyveshevo is under construction (2001)
Madagascar: total: 883 km
narrow gauge: 883 km 1.000-m gauge (1994)
Malawi: total: 789 km
narrow gauge: 789 km 1.067-m gauge
Malaysia: total: 1,801 km
narrow gauge: 1,801 km 1.000-m gauge (148 km electrified) (2000)
Maldives: 0 km
Mali: total: 729 km (linked to Senegal's rail system through Kayes)
narrow gauge: 729 km 1.000-m gauge
Malta: 0 km
Man, Isle of: total: 68.5 km (43.5 km electrified)
Marshall Islands: 0 km
Martinique: 0 km
Mauritania: total: 750 km (single track); note - owned and operated by government mining company
standard gauge: 750 km 1.435-m gauge (1995)
Mauritius: 0 km
Mayotte: 0 km
Mexico: total: 31,048 km
standard gauge: 30,958 km 1.435-m gauge (246 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 90 km 0.914-m gauge (1998 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of: 0 km
Moldova: total: 1,328 km
broad gauge: 1,328 km 1.520-m gauge (1992)
Monaco: total: 1.7 km
standard gauge: 1.7 km 1.435-m gauge
Mongolia: 1,815 km
broad gauge: 1,815 km 1.524-m gauge (2001)
Montserrat: 0 km
Morocco: total: 1,907 km
standard gauge: 1,907 km 1.435-m gauge (1,003 km electrified; 540 km double track)
Mozambique: total: 3,131 km
narrow gauge: 2,988 km 1.067-m gauge; 143 km 0.762-m gauge (1994)
Namibia: total: 2,382 km
narrow gauge: 2,382 km 1.067-m gauge; single track (1995)
Nauru: total: 5 km; note - used to haul phosphates from the center of the island to processing facilities on the southwest coast
Nepal: total: 59 km; note - all in Kosi close to Indian border
narrow gauge: 59 km 0.762-m gauge (2000)
Netherlands: total: 2,739 km
standard gauge: 2,739 km 1.435-m gauge; (1,991 km electrified) (1998)
Netherlands Antilles: 0 km
New Caledonia: 0 km
New Zealand: total: 3,913 km
narrow gauge: 3,913 km 1.067-m gauge (519 km electrified) (1999)
Niger: 0 km
Nigeria: total: 3,557 km
narrow gauge: 3,505 km 1.067-m gauge
standard gauge: 52 km 1.435-m gauge
note: years of neglect of both the rolling stock and the right-of-way have seriously reduced the capacity and utility of the system; a project to restore Nigeria's railways is now underway
Niue: 0 km
Norfolk Island: 0 km
Northern Mariana Islands: 0 km
Norway: total: 4,012 km
standard gauge: 4,012 km 1.435-m gauge (2,530 km electrified; 96 km double track) (1998)
Oman: 0 km
Pakistan: total: 8,163 km
broad gauge: 7,718 km 1.676-m gauge (293 km electrified; 1,037 km double track)
narrow gauge: 445 km 1.000-m gauge (1996 est.) (2000)
Palau: 0 km
Panama: total: 355 km
broad gauge: 76 km 1.524-m gauge
narrow gauge: 279 km 0.914-m gauge
Papua New Guinea: 0 km
Paraguay: total: 971 km
standard gauge: 441 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 60 km 1.000-m gauge
note: there are 470 km of various gauges that are privately owned
Peru: total: 1,988 km
standard gauge: 1,608 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 380 km 0.914-m gauge
Philippines: total: 492 km (an additional 405 km are not in operation)
narrow gauge: 492 km 1.067-m gauge (1996)
Pitcairn Islands: 0 km
Poland: total: 23,420 km
broad gauge: 646 km 1.524-m gauge
standard gauge: 21,639 km 1.435-m gauge (11,626 km electrified; 8,978 km double track)
narrow gauge: 1,135 km various gauges including 1.000-m, 0.785-m, 0.750-m, and 0.600-m (1998)
Portugal: total: 2,850 km
broad gauge: 2,576 km 1.668-m gauge (623 km electrified; 426 km double track)
narrow gauge: 274 km 1.000-m gauge (1998)
Puerto Rico: total: 96 km
narrow gauge: 96 km 1.000-m gauge, rural, narrow-gauge system for hauling sugarcane; no passenger service
Qatar: 0 km
Reunion: 0 km
Romania: total: 11,385 km (3,888 km electrified)
standard gauge: 10,898 km
narrow gauge: 487 km (1996)
Russia: total: 149,000 km
note: 86,000 km are in common carrier service; 63,000 km serve specific industries and are not available for common carrier use; 40,000 km of the railway in common carrier use are electrified
broad gauge: 149,000 km 1.520-m gauge (1998)
Rwanda: 0 km
Saint Helena: 0 km
Saint Kitts and Nevis: total: 58 km
narrow gauge: 58 km 0.762-m gauge on Saint Kitts to serve sugarcane plantations (1995)
Saint Lucia: 0 km
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: 0 km
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: 0 km
Samoa: 0 km
San Marino: 0 km; note - there is a 1.5 km cable railway connecting the city of San Marino to Borgo Maggiore
Sao Tome and Principe: 0 km
Saudi Arabia: total: 1,390 km
standard gauge: 1,390 km 1.435-m gauge (448 km double track) (1992)
Senegal: total: 906 km
narrow gauge: 906 km 1.000-meter gauge (70 km double track)
Seychelles: 0 km
Sierra Leone: total: 84 km used on a limited basis because the mine at Marampa is closed
narrow gauge: 84 km 1.067-m gauge
Singapore: total: 38.6 km
narrow gauge: 38.6 km 1.000-m gauge
note: there is a 83 km mass transit system with 48 stations
Slovakia: total: 3,660 km
broad gauge: 102 km 1.520-m gauge
standard gauge: 3,507 km 1.435-m gauge (1,505 km electrified; 1,011 km double track)
narrow gauge: 51 km (46 km 1,000-m gauge; 5 km 0.750-m gauge) (1998)
Slovenia: total: 1,201 km
standard gauge: 1,201 km 1.435-m gauge (489 km electrified) (1999)
Solomon Islands: 0 km
Somalia: 0 km
South Africa: total: 21,431 km
narrow gauge: 20,995 km 1.067-m gauge (9,087 km electrified); 436 km 0.610-m gauge (1995)
Spain: total: 13,950 km
broad gauge: 12,781 km 1.668-m gauge (6,358 km electrified; 2,295 km double track)
standard gauge: 525 km 1.435-m gauge (525 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 644 km 1.000-m gauge (438 km electrified) (1998)
Sri Lanka: total: 1,463 km
broad gauge: 1,404 km 1.676-m gauge
narrow gauge: 59 km 0.762-m gauge (1996)
Sudan: total: 5,311 km
narrow gauge: 4,595 km 1.067-m gauge; 716 km 1.6096-m gauge plantation line
note: the main line linking Khartoum to Port Sudan carries over two-thirds of Sudan's rail traffic
Suriname: total: 166 km (single track)
standard gauge: 80 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 86 km 1.000-m gauge
note: Suriname railroads are not in operation (2000)
Svalbard: 0 km
Swaziland: total: 297 km; note - includes 71 km which are not in use
narrow gauge: 297 km 1.067-m gauge
Sweden: total: 12,821 km (includes 3,594 km of privately owned railways)
standard gauge: 12,821 km 1.435-m gauge (7,918 km electrified and 1,152 km double track) (1998)
Switzerland: total: 4,492 km (1,564 km double track)
standard gauge: 3,317 km 1.435-m gauge (3,288 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 1,165 km 1.000-m gauge (1,165 km electrified); 10 km 0.800-m gauge (1998)
Syria: total: 2,750 km
standard gauge: 2,423 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 327 km 1.050-m gauge
note: rail link between Syria and Iraq replaced in 2000 (2000)
Tajikistan: total: 480 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines (1990)
Tanzania: total: 3,569 km (1995)
narrow gauge: 2,600 km 1.000-m gauge; 969 km 1.067-m gauge
note: the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA), which operates 1,860 km of 1.067-m narrow gauge track between Dar es Salaam and Kapiri Mposhi in Zambia (of which 969 km are in Tanzania and 891 km are in Zambia) is not a part of Tanzania Railways Corporation; because of the difference in gauge, this system does not connect to Tanzania Railways
Thailand: total: 3,940 km
narrow gauge: 3,940 km 1.000-m gauge (99 km double track)
Togo: total: 525 km (1995)
narrow gauge: 525 km 1.000-m gauge
Tokelau: 0 km
Tonga: 0 km
Trinidad and Tobago: minimal agricultural railroad system near San Fernando; railway service was discontinued in 1968
Tunisia: total: 2,168 km
standard gauge: 471 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 1,687 km 1.000-m gauge
dual gauge: 10 km 1.000-m and 1.435-m gauges (three rails)
Turkey: total: 8,607 km
standard gauge: 8,607 km 1.435-m gauge (1,524 km electrified) (1999)
Turkmenistan: total: 2,187 km
broad gauge: 2,187 km 1.520-m gauge (1996 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands: 0 km
Tuvalu: 0 km
Uganda: total: 1,241 km
narrow gauge: 1,241 km 1.000-m gauge
note: a program to rehabilitate the railroad is underway (1995)
Ukraine: total: 23,350 km
broad gauge: 23,350 km 1.524-m gauge (8,600 km electrified)
United Arab Emirates: 0 km
United Kingdom: total: 16,878 km
broad gauge: 342 km 1.600-m gauge (190 km double track); note - all 1.600-m gauge track, of which 342 km is in common carrier use, and is in Northern Ireland
standard gauge: 16,536 km 1.435-m gauge (4,928 km electrified; 12,591 km double or multiple track) (1996)
United States: total: 225,750 km mainline routes
standard gauge: 225,750 km 1.435-m gauge (1999)
Uruguay: total: 2,073 km
standard gauge: 2,073 km 1.435-m gauge (2000)
Uzbekistan: total: 3,380 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines
broad gauge: 3,380 km 1.520-m gauge (300 km electrified) (1993)
Vanuatu: 0 km
Venezuela: total: 584 km (248 km privately owned)
standard gauge: 584 km 1.435-m gauge
Vietnam: total: 2,652 km
standard gauge: 166 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 2,249 km 1.000-m gauge
dual gauge: 237 km NA-m gauges (three rails) (1998)
Virgin Islands: 0 km
Wallis and Futuna: 0 km
West Bank: 0 km
Western Sahara: 0 km
World: total: 1,201,337 km includes about 190,000 to 195,000 km of electrified routes of which 147,760 km are in Europe, 24,509 km in the Far East, 11,050 km in Africa, 4,223 km in South America, and 4,160 km in North America; note - fastest speed in daily service is 300 km/hr attained by France's Societe Nationale des Chemins-de-Fer Francais (SNCF) Le Train a Grande Vitesse (TGV) - Atlantique line
broad gauge: 251,153 km
standard gauge: 710,754 km
narrow gauge: 239,430 km
Yemen: 0 km
Yugoslavia: total: 4,095 km
standard gauge: 4,095 km 1.435-m gauge (1,377 km partially electrified since 1992)
note: during to the 1999 Kosovo conflict, the Serbian rail system suffered significant damage due to bridge destruction; many rail bridges have been rebuilt, but the bridge over the Danube at Novi Sad was still down in early 2000; however, a by-pass is available; Montenegrin rail lines remain intact
Zambia: total: 2,164 km (1995)
narrow gauge: 2,164 km 1.067-m gauge (13 km double track)
note: the total includes 891 km of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA), which operates 1,860 km of 1.067-m narrow gauge track between Dar es Salaam and Kapiri Mposhi where it connects to the Zambia Railways system; TAZARA is not a part of the Zambia Railways system; Zambia Railways assets are scheduled for concessioning in 2001
Zimbabwe: total: 2,759 km (1995)
narrow gauge: 2,759 km 1.067-m gauge (313 km electrified; 42 km double track) (1995 est.)
Taiwan: total: 4,600 km (519 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 4,600 km 1.067-m
note: only 1,108 km of route length (including the electrified part) is used in common carrier service by the Taiwan Railway Administration; the remaining 3,492 km is dedicated to industrial use (1999)
======================================================================
@Religions
Afghanistan: Sunni Muslim 84%, Shi'a Muslim 15%, other 1%
Albania: Muslim 70%, Albanian Orthodox 20%, Roman Catholic 10%
note: all mosques and churches were closed in 1967 and religious observances prohibited; in November 1990, Albania began allowing private religious practice
Algeria: Sunni Muslim (state religion) 99%, Christian and Jewish 1%
American Samoa: Christian Congregationalist 50%, Roman Catholic 20%, Protestant and other 30%
Andorra: Roman Catholic (predominant)
Angola: indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (1998 est.)
Anguilla: Anglican 40%, Methodist 33%, Seventh-Day Adventist 7%, Baptist 5%, Roman Catholic 3%, other 12%
Antigua and Barbuda: Anglican (predominant), other Protestant, some Roman Catholic
Argentina: nominally Roman Catholic 92% (less than 20% practicing), Protestant 2%, Jewish 2%, other 4%
Armenia: Armenian Orthodox 94%
Aruba: Roman Catholic 82%, Protestant 8%, Hindu, Muslim, Confucian, Jewish
Australia: Anglican 26.1%, Roman Catholic 26%, other Christian 24.3%, non-Christian 11%
Austria: Roman Catholic 78%, Protestant 5%, Muslim and other 17%
Azerbaijan: Muslim 93.4%, Russian Orthodox 2.5%, Armenian Orthodox 2.3%, other 1.8% (1995 est.)
note: religious affiliation is still nominal in Azerbaijan; percentages for actual practicing adherents are much lower
Bahamas, The: Baptist 32%, Anglican 20%, Roman Catholic 19%, Methodist 6%, Church of God 6%, other Protestant 12%, none or unknown 3%, other 2%
Bahrain: Shi'a Muslim 70%, Sunni Muslim 30%
Bangladesh: Muslim 83%, Hindu 16%, other 1% (1998)
Barbados: Protestant 67% (Anglican 40%, Pentecostal 8%, Methodist 7%, other 12%), Roman Catholic 4%, none 17%, other 12%
Belarus: Eastern Orthodox 80%, other (including Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, and Muslim) 20% (1997 est.)
Belgium: Roman Catholic 75%, Protestant or other 25%
Belize: Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 30% (Anglican 12%, Methodist 6%, Mennonite 4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3%, Pentecostal 2%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1%, other 2%), none 2%, other 6% (1980)
Benin: indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 30%, Muslim 20%
Bermuda: non-Anglican Protestant 39%, Anglican 27%, Roman Catholic 15%, other 19%
Bhutan: Lamaistic Buddhist 75%, Indian- and Nepalese-influenced Hinduism 25%
Bolivia: Roman Catholic 95%, Protestant (Evangelical Methodist)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: Muslim 40%, Orthodox 31%, Roman Catholic 15%, Protestant 4%, other 10%
Botswana: indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 50%
Brazil: Roman Catholic (nominal) 80%
British Virgin Islands: Protestant 86% (Methodist 45%, Anglican 21%, Church of God 7%, Seventh-Day Adventist 5%, Baptist 4%, Jehovah's Witnesses 2%, other 2%), Roman Catholic 6%, none 2%, other 6% (1981)
Brunei: Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10%
Bulgaria: Bulgarian Orthodox 83.5%, Muslim 13%, Roman Catholic 1.5%, Uniate Catholic 0.2%, Jewish 0.8%, Protestant, Gregorian-Armenian, and other 1% (1998)
Burkina Faso: indigenous beliefs 40%, Muslim 50%, Christian (mainly Roman Catholic) 10%
Burma: Buddhist 89%, Christian 4% (Baptist 3%, Roman Catholic 1%), Muslim 4%, animist 1%, other 2%
Burundi: Christian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%), indigenous beliefs 23%, Muslim 10%
Cambodia: Theravada Buddhist 95%, other 5%
Cameroon: indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 40%, Muslim 20%
Canada: Roman Catholic 42%, Protestant 40%, other 18%
Cape Verde: Roman Catholic (infused with indigenous beliefs); Protestant (mostly Church of the Nazarene)
Cayman Islands: United Church (Presbyterian and Congregational), Anglican, Baptist, Roman Catholic, Church of God, other Protestant
Central African Republic: indigenous beliefs 24%, Protestant 25%, Roman Catholic 25%, Muslim 15%, other 11%
note: animistic beliefs and practices strongly influence the Christian majority
Chad: Muslim 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs (mostly animism) 25%
Chile: Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 11%, Jewish NEGL%
China: Daoist (Taoist), Buddhist, Muslim 2%-3%, Christian 1% (est.)
note: officially atheist
Christmas Island: Buddhist 55%, Christian 15%, Muslim 10%, other 20% (1991)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: Sunni Muslim 57%, Christian 22%, other 21% (1981 est.)
Colombia: Roman Catholic 90%
Comoros: Sunni Muslim 98%, Roman Catholic 2%
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 20%, Kimbanguist 10%, Muslim 10%, other syncretic sects and indigenous beliefs 10%
Congo, Republic of the: Christian 50%, animist 48%, Muslim 2%
Cook Islands: Christian (majority of populace are members of the Cook Islands Christian Church)
Costa Rica: Roman Catholic 76.3%, Evangelical 13.7%, other Protestant 0.7%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.3%, other 4.8%, none 3.2%
Cote d'Ivoire: Christian 34%, Muslim 27%, no religion 21%, animist 15%, other 3% (1998)
note: the majority of foreigners (migratory workers) are Muslim (70%) and Christian (20%)
Croatia: Roman Catholic 76.5%, Orthodox 11.1%, Muslim 1.2%, Protestant 0.4%, others and unknown 10.8% (1991)
Cuba: nominally 85% Roman Catholic prior to CASTRO assuming power; Protestants, Jehovah's Witnesses, Jews, and Santeria are also represented
Cyprus: Greek Orthodox 78%, Muslim 18%, Maronite, Armenian Apostolic, and other 4%
Czech Republic: atheist 39.8%, Roman Catholic 39.2%, Protestant 4.6%, Orthodox 3%, other 13.4%
Denmark: Evangelical Lutheran 95%, other Protestant and Roman Catholic 3%, Muslims 2%
Djibouti: Muslim 94%, Christian 6%
Dominica: Roman Catholic 77%, Protestant 15% (Methodist 5%, Pentecostal 3%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3%, Baptist 2%, other 2%), none 2%, other 6%
Dominican Republic: Roman Catholic 95%
Ecuador: Roman Catholic 95%
Egypt: Muslim (mostly Sunni) 94%, Coptic Christian and other 6%
El Salvador: Roman Catholic 86%
note: there is extensive activity by Protestant groups throughout the country; by the end of 1992, there were an estimated 1 million Protestant evangelicals in El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea: nominally Christian and predominantly Roman Catholic, pagan practices
Eritrea: Muslim, Coptic Christian, Roman Catholic, Protestant
Estonia: Evangelical Lutheran, Russian Orthodox, Estonian Orthodox, Baptist, Methodist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal, Word of Life, Jewish
Ethiopia: Muslim 45%-50%, Ethiopian Orthodox 35%-40%, animist 12%, other 3%-8%
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist
Faroe Islands: Evangelical Lutheran
Fiji: Christian 52% (Methodist 37%, Roman Catholic 9%), Hindu 38%, Muslim 8%, other 2%
note: Fijians are mainly Christian, Indians are Hindu, and there is a Muslim minority (1986)
Finland: Evangelical Lutheran 89%, Greek Orthodox 1%, none 9%, other 1%
France: Roman Catholic 90%, Protestant 2%, Jewish 1%, Muslim (North African workers) 3%, unaffiliated 4%
French Guiana: Roman Catholic
French Polynesia: Protestant 54%, Roman Catholic 30%, other 16%
Gabon: Christian 55%-75%, animist, Muslim less than 1%
Gambia, The: Muslim 90%, Christian 9%, indigenous beliefs 1%
Gaza Strip: Muslim (predominantly Sunni) 98.7%, Christian 0.7%, Jewish 0.6%
Georgia: Georgian Orthodox 65%, Muslim 11%, Russian Orthodox 10%, Armenian Apostolic 8%, unknown 6%
Germany: Protestant 38%, Roman Catholic 34%, Muslim 1.7%, unaffiliated or other 26.3%
Ghana: indigenous beliefs 38%, Muslim 30%, Christian 24%, other 8%
Gibraltar: Roman Catholic 76.9%, Church of England 6.9%, Muslim 6.9%, Jewish 2.3%, none or other 7% (1991)
Greece: Greek Orthodox 98%, Muslim 1.3%, other 0.7%
Greenland: Evangelical Lutheran
Grenada: Roman Catholic 53%, Anglican 13.8%, other Protestant 33.2%
Guadeloupe: Roman Catholic 95%, Hindu and pagan African 4%, Protestant 1%
Guam: Roman Catholic 85%, other 15% (1999 est.)
Guatemala: Roman Catholic, Protestant, indigenous Mayan beliefs
Guernsey: Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Baptist, Congregational, Methodist
Guinea: Muslim 85%, Christian 8%, indigenous beliefs 7%
Guinea-Bissau: indigenous beliefs 50%, Muslim 45%, Christian 5%
Guyana: Christian 50%, Hindu 33%, Muslim 9%, other 8%
Haiti: Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 16% (Baptist 10%, Pentecostal 4%, Adventist 1%, other 1%), none 1%, other 3% (1982)
note: roughly one-half of the population also practices Voodoo
Holy See (Vatican City): Roman Catholic
Honduras: Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant minority
Hong Kong: eclectic mixture of local religions 90%, Christian 10%
Hungary: Roman Catholic 67.5%, Calvinist 20%, Lutheran 5%, atheist and other 7.5%
Iceland: Evangelical Lutheran 93%, other Protestant and Roman Catholic, none (1997)
India: Hindu 81.3%, Muslim 12%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.9%, other groups including Buddhist, Jain, Parsi 2.5% (2000)
Indonesia: Muslim 88%, Protestant 5%, Roman Catholic 3%, Hindu 2%, Buddhist 1%, other 1% (1998)
Iran: Shi'a Muslim 89%, Sunni Muslim 10%, Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian, and Baha'i 1%
Iraq: Muslim 97% (Shi'a 60%-65%, Sunni 32%-37%), Christian or other 3%
Ireland: Roman Catholic 91.6%, Church of Ireland 2.5%, other 5.9% (1998)
Israel: Jewish 80.1%, Muslim 14.6% (mostly Sunni Muslim), Christian 2.1%, other 3.2% (1996 est.)
Italy: predominately Roman Catholic with mature Protestant and Jewish communities and a growing Muslim immigrant community
Jamaica: Protestant 61.3% (Church of God 21.2%, Baptist 8.8%, Anglican 5.5%, Seventh-Day Adventist 9%, Pentecostal 7.6%, Methodist 2.7%, United Church 2.7%, Brethren 1.1%, Jehovah's Witness 1.6%, Moravian 1.1%), Roman Catholic 4%, other, including some spiritual cults 34.7%
Japan: observe both Shinto and Buddhist 84%, other 16% (including Christian 0.7%)
Jersey: Anglican, Roman Catholic, Baptist, Congregational New Church, Methodist, Presbyterian
Jordan: Sunni Muslim 92%, Christian 6% (majority Greek Orthodox, but some Greek Catholics, Roman Catholics, Syrian Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Armenian Orthodox, and Protestant denominations), other 2% (several small Shi'a Muslim and Druze populations) (2000 est.)
Kazakhstan: Muslim 47%, Russian Orthodox 44%, Protestant 2%, other 7%
Kenya: Protestant 38%, Roman Catholic 28%, indigenous beliefs 26%, Muslim 7%, other 1%
note: a large majority of Kenyans are Christian, but estimates for the percentage of the population that adheres to Islam or indigenous beliefs vary widely
Kiribati: Roman Catholic 54%, Protestant (Congregational) 30%, some Seventh-Day Adventist, Baha'i, Latter-day Saints, and Church of God (1996)
Korea, North: traditionally Buddhist and Confucianist, some Christian and syncretic Chondogyo (Religion of the Heavenly Way)
note: autonomous religious activities now almost nonexistent; government-sponsored religious groups exist to provide illusion of religious freedom
Korea, South: Christian 49%, Buddhist 47%, Confucianist 3%, Shamanist, Chondogyo (Religion of the Heavenly Way), and other 1%
Kuwait: Muslim 85% (Sunni 45%, Shi'a 40%), Christian, Hindu, Parsi, and other 15%
Kyrgyzstan: Muslim 75%, Russian Orthodox 20%, other 5%
Laos: Buddhist 60%, animist and other 40%
Latvia: Lutheran, Roman Catholic, Russian Orthodox
Lebanon: Muslim 70% (including Shi'a, Sunni, Druze, Isma'ilite, Alawite or Nusayri), Christian 30% (including Orthodox Christian, Catholic, Protestant), Jewish NEGL%
Lesotho: Christian 80%, indigenous beliefs 20%
Liberia: indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 40%, Muslim 20%
Libya: Sunni Muslim 97%
Liechtenstein: Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 7.4%, unknown 7.7%, other 4.9% (1996)
Lithuania: Roman Catholic (primarily), Lutheran, Russian Orthodox, Protestant, Evangelical Christian Baptist, Muslim, Jewish
Luxembourg: the greatest preponderance of the population is Roman Catholic with a very few Protestants, Jews, and Muslims
note: 1979 legislation forbids the collection of religious statistics
Macau: Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: Macedonian Orthodox 67%, Muslim 30%, other 3%
Madagascar: indigenous beliefs 52%, Christian 41%, Muslim 7%
Malawi: Protestant 55%, Roman Catholic 20%, Muslim 20%, indigenous beliefs
Malaysia: Islam, Buddhism, Daoism, Hinduism, Christianity, Sikhism; note - in addition, Shamanism is practiced in East Malaysia
Maldives: Sunni Muslim
Mali: Muslim 90%, indigenous beliefs 9%, Christian 1%
Malta: Roman Catholic 91%
Man, Isle of: Anglican, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian, Society of Friends
Marshall Islands: Christian (mostly Protestant)
Martinique: Roman Catholic 95%, Hindu and pagan African 5%
Mauritania: Muslim 100%
Mauritius: Hindu 52%, Christian 28.3% (Roman Catholic 26%, Protestant 2.3%), Muslim 16.6%, other 3.1%
Mayotte: Muslim 97%, Christian (mostly Roman Catholic)
Mexico: nominally Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 6%, other 5%
Micronesia, Federated States of: Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 47%, other and none 3%
Moldova: Eastern Orthodox 98.5%, Jewish 1.5%, Baptist (only about 1,000 members) (1991)
Monaco: Roman Catholic 90%
Mongolia: Tibetan Buddhist Lamaism 96%, Muslim (primarily in the southwest), Shamanism, and Christian 4% (1998)
Montserrat: Anglican, Methodist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal, Seventh-Day Adventist, other Christian denominations
Morocco: Muslim 98.7%, Christian 1.1%, Jewish 0.2%
Mozambique: indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 30%, Muslim 20%
Namibia: Christian 80% to 90% (Lutheran 50% at least), indigenous beliefs 10% to 20%
Nauru: Christian (two-thirds Protestant, one-third Roman Catholic)
Nepal: Hinduism 86.2%, Buddhism 7.8%, Islam 3.8%, other 2.2%
note: only official Hindu state in the world (1995)
Netherlands: Roman Catholic 31%, Protestant 21%, Muslim 4.4%, other 3.6%, unaffiliated 40% (1998)
Netherlands Antilles: Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, Seventh-Day Adventist
New Caledonia: Roman Catholic 60%, Protestant 30%, other 10%
New Zealand: Anglican 24%, Presbyterian 18%, Roman Catholic 15%, Methodist 5%, Baptist 2%, other Protestant 3%, unspecified or none 33% (1986)
Nicaragua: Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant
Niger: Muslim 80%, remainder indigenous beliefs and Christians
Nigeria: Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%
Niue: Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 75%, Latter-Day Saints 10%, other 15% (mostly Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist)
Norfolk Island: Anglican 39%, Roman Catholic 11.7%, Uniting Church in Australia 16.4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 4.4%, none 9.2%, unknown 16.9%, other 2.4% (1986)
Northern Mariana Islands: Christian (Roman Catholic majority, although traditional beliefs and taboos may still be found)
Norway: Evangelical Lutheran 86% (state church), other Protestant and Roman Catholic 3%, other 1%, none and unknown 10% (1997)
Oman: Ibadhi Muslim 75%, Sunni Muslim, Shi'a Muslim, Hindu
Pakistan: Muslim 97% (Sunni 77%, Shi'a 20%), Christian, Hindu, and other 3%
Palau: Christian (Catholics, Seventh-Day Adventists, Jehovah's Witnesses, the Assembly of God, the Liebenzell Mission, and Latter-Day Saints), Modekngei religion (one-third of the population observes this religion which is indigenous to Palau)
Panama: Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant 15%
Papua New Guinea: Roman Catholic 22%, Lutheran 16%, Presbyterian/Methodist/London Missionary Society 8%, Anglican 5%, Evangelical Alliance 4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1%, other Protestant 10%, indigenous beliefs 34%
Paraguay: Roman Catholic 90%, Mennonite, and other Protestant
Peru: Roman Catholic 90%
Philippines: Roman Catholic 83%, Protestant 9%, Muslim 5%, Buddhist and other 3%
Pitcairn Islands: Seventh-Day Adventist 100%
Poland: Roman Catholic 95% (about 75% practicing), Eastern Orthodox, Protestant, and other 5%
Portugal: Roman Catholic 94%, Protestant (1995)
Puerto Rico: Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant and other 15%
Qatar: Muslim 95%
Reunion: Roman Catholic 86%, Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist (1995)
Romania: Romanian Orthodox 70%, Roman Catholic 3%, Uniate Catholic 3%, Protestant 6%, unaffiliated 18%
Russia: Russian Orthodox, Muslim, other
Rwanda: Roman Catholic 52.7%, Protestant 24%, Adventist 10.4%, Muslim 1.9%, indigenous beliefs and other 6.5%, none 4.5% (1996)
Saint Helena: Anglican (majority), Baptist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic
Saint Kitts and Nevis: Anglican, other Protestant, Roman Catholic
Saint Lucia: Roman Catholic 90%, Protestant 7%, Anglican 3%
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: Roman Catholic 99%
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Anglican 47%, Methodist 28%, Roman Catholic 13%, Seventh-Day Adventist, Hindu, other Protestant
Samoa: Christian 99.7% (about one-half of population associated with the London Missionary Society; includes Congregational, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Latter-Day Saints, Seventh-Day Adventist)
San Marino: Roman Catholic
Sao Tome and Principe: Christian 80% (Roman Catholic, Evangelical Protestant, Seventh-Day Adventist)
Saudi Arabia: Muslim 100%
Senegal: Muslim 92%, indigenous beliefs 6%, Christian 2% (mostly Roman Catholic)
Seychelles: Roman Catholic 90%, Anglican 8%, other 2%
Sierra Leone: Muslim 60%, indigenous beliefs 30%, Christian 10%
Singapore: Buddhist (Chinese), Muslim (Malays), Christian, Hindu, Sikh, Taoist, Confucianist
Slovakia: Roman Catholic 60.3%, atheist 9.7%, Protestant 8.4%, Orthodox 4.1%, other 17.5%
Slovenia: Roman Catholic 68.8%, Uniate Catholic 2%, Lutheran 1%, Muslim 1%, atheist 4.3%, other 22.9%
Solomon Islands: Anglican 34%, Roman Catholic 19%, Baptist 17%, United (Methodist/Presbyterian) 11%, Seventh-Day Adventist 10%, other Protestant 5%, indigenous beliefs 4%
Somalia: Sunni Muslim
South Africa: Christian 68% (includes most whites and Coloreds, about 60% of blacks and about 40% of Indians), Muslim 2%, Hindu 1.5% (60% of Indians), indigenous beliefs and animist 28.5%
Spain: Roman Catholic 99%, other 1%
Sri Lanka: Buddhist 70%, Hindu 15%, Christian 8%, Muslim 7% (1999)
Sudan: Sunni Muslim 70% (in north), indigenous beliefs 25%, Christian 5% (mostly in south and Khartoum)
Suriname: Hindu 27.4%, Muslim 19.6%, Roman Catholic 22.8%, Protestant 25.2% (predominantly Moravian), indigenous beliefs 5%
Swaziland: Protestant 55%, Muslim 10%, Roman Catholic 5%, indigenous beliefs 30%
Sweden: Lutheran 87%, Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, Buddhist
Switzerland: Roman Catholic 46.1%, Protestant 40%, other 5%, none 8.9% (1990)
Syria: Sunni Muslim 74%, Alawite, Druze, and other Muslim sects 16%, Christian (various sects) 10%, Jewish (tiny communities in Damascus, Al Qamishli, and Aleppo)
Tajikistan: Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi'a Muslim 5%
Tanzania: mainland - Christian 45%, Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 20%; Zanzibar - more than 99% Muslim
Thailand: Buddhism 95%, Muslim 3.8%, Christianity 0.5%, Hinduism 0.1%, other 0.6% (1991)
Togo: indigenous beliefs 59%, Christian 29%, Muslim 12%
Tokelau: Congregational Christian Church 70%, Roman Catholic 28%, other 2%
note: on Atafu, all Congregational Christian Church of Samoa; on Nukunonu, all Roman Catholic; on Fakaofo, both denominations, with the Congregational Christian Church predominant
Tonga: Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents)
Trinidad and Tobago: Roman Catholic 29.4%, Hindu 23.8%, Anglican 10.9%, Muslim 5.8%, Presbyterian 3.4%, other 26.7%
Tunisia: Muslim 98%, Christian 1%, Jewish and other 1%
Turkey: Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (Christian and Jews)
Turkmenistan: Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, unknown 2%
Turks and Caicos Islands: Baptist 41.2%, Methodist 18.9%, Anglican 18.3%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.7%, other 19.9% (1980)
Tuvalu: Church of Tuvalu (Congregationalist) 97%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.4%, Baha'i 1%, other 0.6%
Uganda: Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 16%, indigenous beliefs 18%
Ukraine: Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate, Ukrainian Orthodox - Kiev Patriarchate, Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox, Ukrainian Catholic (Uniate), Protestant, Jewish
United Arab Emirates: Muslim 96% (Shi'a 16%), Christian, Hindu, and other 4%
United Kingdom: Anglican 27 million, Roman Catholic 9 million, Muslim 1 million, Presbyterian 800,000, Methodist 760,000, Sikh 400,000, Hindu 350,000, Jewish 300,000 (1991 est.)
United States: Protestant 56%, Roman Catholic 28%, Jewish 2%, other 4%, none 10% (1989)
Uruguay: Roman Catholic 66% (less than one-half of the adult population attends church regularly), Protestant 2%, Jewish 1%, nonprofessing or other 31%
Uzbekistan: Muslim 88% (mostly Sunnis), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%
Vanuatu: Presbyterian 36.7%, Anglican 15%, Roman Catholic 15%, indigenous beliefs 7.6%, Seventh-Day Adventist 6.2%, Church of Christ 3.8%, other 15.7%
Venezuela: nominally Roman Catholic 96%, Protestant 2%, other 2%
Vietnam: Buddhist, Hoa Hao, Cao Dai, Christian (predominantly Roman Catholic, some Protestant), indigenous beliefs, Muslim
Virgin Islands: Baptist 42%, Roman Catholic 34%, Episcopalian 17%, other 7%
Wallis and Futuna: Roman Catholic 100%
West Bank: Muslim 75% (predominantly Sunni), Jewish 17%, Christian and other 8%
Western Sahara: Muslim
Yemen: Muslim including Shaf'i (Sunni) and Zaydi (Shi'a), small numbers of Jewish, Christian, and Hindu
Yugoslavia: Orthodox 65%, Muslim 19%, Roman Catholic 4%, Protestant 1%, other 11%
Zambia: Christian 50%-75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1%
Zimbabwe: syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs) 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs 24%, Muslim and other 1%
Taiwan: mixture of Buddhist, Confucian, and Taoist 93%, Christian 4.5%, other 2.5%
======================================================================
@Sex ratio
Afghanistan: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.08 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.12 male(s)/female
total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Albania: at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female
total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Algeria: at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female
total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
American Samoa: at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.13 male(s)/female
total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Andorra: at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.1 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.11 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.01 male(s)/female
total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Angola: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female
total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Anguilla: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female
total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female
total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Argentina: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Armenia: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Aruba: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female
total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Australia: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female
total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Austria: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Azerbaijan: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Bahamas, The: at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female
total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Bahrain: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.45 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.03 male(s)/female
total population: 1.29 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Bangladesh: at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.19 male(s)/female
total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Barbados: at birth: 1.01 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.63 male(s)/female
total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Belarus: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.49 male(s)/female
total population: 0.88 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Belgium: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Belize: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.95 male(s)/female
total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Benin: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Bermuda: at birth: 0.94 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Bhutan: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.03 male(s)/female
total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Bolivia: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female
total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Botswana: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Brazil: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
British Virgin Islands: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.18 male(s)/female
total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Brunei: at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.14 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.92 male(s)/female
total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Bulgaria: at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female
total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Burkina Faso: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Burma: at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female
total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Burundi: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Cambodia: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.89 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Cameroon: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Canada: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Cape Verde: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.64 male(s)/female
total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Cayman Islands: at birth: 0.86 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 0.93 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female
total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Central African Republic: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Chad: at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female
total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Chile: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
China: at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.1 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female
total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Colombia: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Comoros: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Congo, Republic of the: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Costa Rica: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female
total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.99 male(s)/female
total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Croatia: at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.59 male(s)/female
total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Cuba: at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Cyprus: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Czech Republic: at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.63 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Denmark: at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Djibouti: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.12 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.08 male(s)/female
total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Dominica: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Dominican Republic: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female
total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Ecuador: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female
total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Egypt: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female
total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
El Salvador: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Equatorial Guinea: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Eritrea: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.02 male(s)/female
total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Estonia: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.49 male(s)/female
total population: 0.86 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Ethiopia: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Faroe Islands: at birth: 1 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.14 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female
total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Fiji: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Finland: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.63 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
France: at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
French Guiana: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.18 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.03 male(s)/female
total population: 1.13 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
French Polynesia: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.09 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.01 male(s)/female
total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Gabon: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.98 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Gambia, The: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.1 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Gaza Strip: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female
total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Georgia: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.63 male(s)/female
total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Germany: at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.63 male(s)/female
total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Ghana: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female
total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Gibraltar: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Greece: at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Greenland: at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.2 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female
total population: 1.13 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Grenada: at birth: 1 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.12 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female
total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Guadeloupe: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Guam: at birth: 1.14 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.1 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.11 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.01 male(s)/female
total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Guatemala: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Guernsey: at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female
total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Guinea: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female
total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Guinea-Bissau: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female
total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Guyana: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Haiti: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.94 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Honduras: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Hong Kong: at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.13 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female
total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Hungary: at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.58 male(s)/female
total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Iceland: at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
India: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.03 male(s)/female
total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Indonesia: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female