The 2001 CIA World Factbook (part 14 of 17)
border countries: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay 29 km
note: Guantanamo Naval Base is leased by the US and thus remains part of Cuba
Cyprus: 0 km
Czech Republic: total: 1,881 km
border countries: Austria 362 km, Germany 646 km, Poland 658 km, Slovakia 215 km
Denmark: total: 68 km
border countries: Germany 68 km
Djibouti: total: 508 km
border countries: Eritrea 113 km, Ethiopia 337 km, Somalia 58 km
Dominica: 0 km
Dominican Republic: total: 275 km
border countries: Haiti 275 km
Ecuador: total: 2,010 km
border countries: Colombia 590 km, Peru 1,420 km
Egypt: total: 2,689 km
border countries: Gaza Strip 11 km, Israel 255 km, Libya 1,150 km, Sudan 1,273 km
El Salvador: total: 545 km
border countries: Guatemala 203 km, Honduras 342 km
Equatorial Guinea: total: 539 km
border countries: Cameroon 189 km, Gabon 350 km
Eritrea: total: 1,630 km
border countries: Djibouti 113 km, Ethiopia 912 km, Sudan 605 km
Estonia: total: 633 km
border countries: Latvia 339 km, Russia 294 km
Ethiopia: total: 5,311 km
border countries: Djibouti 337 km, Eritrea 912 km, Kenya 830 km, Somalia 1,626 km, Sudan 1,606 km
Europa Island: 0 km
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): 0 km
Faroe Islands: 0 km
Fiji: 0 km
Finland: total: 2,628 km
border countries: Norway 729 km, Sweden 586 km, Russia 1,313 km
France: total: 2,889 km
border countries: Andorra 56.6 km, Belgium 620 km, Germany 451 km, Italy 488 km, Luxembourg 73 km, Monaco 4.4 km, Spain 623 km, Switzerland 573 km
French Guiana: total: 1,183 km
border countries: Brazil 673 km, Suriname 510 km
French Polynesia: 0 km
French Southern and Antarctic Lands: 0 km
Gabon: total: 2,551 km
border countries: Cameroon 298 km, Republic of the Congo 1,903 km, Equatorial Guinea 350 km
Gambia, The: total: 740 km
border countries: Senegal 740 km
Gaza Strip: total: 62 km
border countries: Egypt 11 km, Israel 51 km
Georgia: total: 1,461 km
border countries: Armenia 164 km, Azerbaijan 322 km, Russia 723 km, Turkey 252 km
Germany: total: 3,618 km
border countries: Austria 784 km, Belgium 167 km, Czech Republic 646 km, Denmark 68 km, France 451 km, Luxembourg 135 km, Netherlands 577 km, Poland 456 km, Switzerland 334 km
Ghana: total: 2,093 km
border countries: Burkina Faso 548 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km
Gibraltar: total: 1.2 km
border countries: Spain 1.2 km
Glorioso Islands: 0 km
Greece: total: 1,210 km
border countries: Albania 282 km, Bulgaria 494 km, Turkey 206 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 228 km
Greenland: 0 km
Grenada: 0 km
Guadeloupe: total: 10.2 km
border countries: Netherlands Antilles (Sint Maarten) 10.2 km
Guam: 0 km
Guatemala: total: 1,687 km
border countries: Belize 266 km, El Salvador 203 km, Honduras 256 km, Mexico 962 km
Guernsey: 0 km
Guinea: total: 3,399 km
border countries: Cote d'Ivoire 610 km, Guinea-Bissau 386 km, Liberia 563 km, Mali 858 km, Senegal 330 km, Sierra Leone 652 km
Guinea-Bissau: total: 724 km
border countries: Guinea 386 km, Senegal 338 km
Guyana: total: 2,462 km
border countries: Brazil 1,119 km, Suriname 600 km, Venezuela 743 km
Haiti: total: 275 km
border countries: Dominican Republic 275 km
Heard Island and McDonald Islands: 0 km
Holy See (Vatican City): total: 3.2 km
border countries: Italy 3.2 km
Honduras: total: 1,520 km
border countries: Guatemala 256 km, El Salvador 342 km, Nicaragua 922 km
Hong Kong: total: 30 km
border countries: China 30 km
Howland Island: 0 km
Hungary: total: 2,009 km
border countries: Austria 366 km, Croatia 329 km, Romania 443 km, Yugoslavia 151 km, Slovakia 515 km, Slovenia 102 km, Ukraine 103 km
Iceland: 0 km
India: total: 14,103 km
border countries: Bangladesh 4,053 km, Bhutan 605 km, Burma 1,463 km, China 3,380 km, Nepal 1,690 km, Pakistan 2,912 km
Indonesia: total: 2,602 km
border countries: Malaysia 1,782 km, Papua New Guinea 820 km
Iran: total: 5,440 km
border countries: Afghanistan 936 km, Armenia 35 km, Azerbaijan-proper 432 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 179 km, Iraq 1,458 km, Pakistan 909 km, Turkey 499 km, Turkmenistan 992 km
Iraq: total: 3,631 km
border countries: Iran 1,458 km, Jordan 181 km, Kuwait 242 km, Saudi Arabia 814 km, Syria 605 km, Turkey 331 km
Ireland: total: 360 km
border countries: UK 360 km
Israel: total: 1,006 km
border countries: Egypt 255 km, Gaza Strip 51 km, Jordan 238 km, Lebanon 79 km, Syria 76 km, West Bank 307 km
Italy: total: 1,932.2 km
border countries: Austria 430 km, France 488 km, Holy See (Vatican City) 3.2 km, San Marino 39 km, Slovenia 232 km, Switzerland 740 km
Jamaica: 0 km
Jan Mayen: 0 km
Japan: 0 km
Jarvis Island: 0 km
Jersey: 0 km
Johnston Atoll: 0 km
Jordan: total: 1,619 km
border countries: Iraq 181 km, Israel 238 km, Saudi Arabia 728 km, Syria 375 km, West Bank 97 km
Juan de Nova Island: 0 km
Kazakhstan: total: 12,012 km
border countries: China 1,533 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,051 km, Russia 6,846 km, Turkmenistan 379 km, Uzbekistan 2,203 km
Kenya: total: 3,446 km
border countries: Ethiopia 830 km, Somalia 682 km, Sudan 232 km, Tanzania 769 km, Uganda 933 km
Kingman Reef: 0 km
Kiribati: 0 km
Korea, North: total: 1,673 km
border countries: China 1,416 km, South Korea 238 km, Russia 19 km
Korea, South: total: 238 km
border countries: North Korea 238 km
Kuwait: total: 464 km
border countries: Iraq 242 km, Saudi Arabia 222 km
Kyrgyzstan: total: 3,878 km
border countries: China 858 km, Kazakhstan 1,051 km, Tajikistan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,099 km
Laos: total: 5,083 km
border countries: Burma 235 km, Cambodia 541 km, China 423 km, Thailand 1,754 km, Vietnam 2,130 km
Latvia: total: 1,150 km
border countries: Belarus 141 km, Estonia 339 km, Lithuania 453 km, Russia 217 km
Lebanon: total: 454 km
border countries: Israel 79 km, Syria 375 km
Lesotho: total: 909 km
border countries: South Africa 909 km
Liberia: total: 1,585 km
border countries: Guinea 563 km, Cote d'Ivoire 716 km, Sierra Leone 306 km
Libya: total: 4,383 km
border countries: Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,150 km, Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km
Liechtenstein: total: 76 km
border countries: Austria 35 km, Switzerland 41 km
Lithuania: total: 1,273 km
border countries: Belarus 502 km, Latvia 453 km, Poland 91 km, Russia (Kaliningrad) 227 km
Luxembourg: total: 356 km
border countries: Belgium 148 km, France 73 km, Germany 135 km
Macau: total: 0.34 km
border countries: China 0.34 km
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: total: 748 km
border countries: Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 228 km, Yugoslavia 221 km
Madagascar: 0 km
Malawi: total: 2,881 km
border countries: Mozambique 1,569 km, Tanzania 475 km, Zambia 837 km
Malaysia: total: 2,669 km
border countries: Brunei 381 km, Indonesia 1,782 km, Thailand 506 km
Maldives: 0 km
Mali: total: 7,243 km
border countries: Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina Faso 1,000 km, Guinea 858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km, Senegal 419 km
Malta: 0 km
Man, Isle of: 0 km
Marshall Islands: 0 km
Martinique: 0 km
Mauritania: total: 5,074 km
border countries: Algeria 463 km, Mali 2,237 km, Senegal 813 km, Western Sahara 1,561 km
Mauritius: 0 km
Mayotte: 0 km
Mexico: total: 4,538 km
border countries: Belize 250 km, Guatemala 962 km, US 3,326 km
Micronesia, Federated States of: 0 km
Midway Islands: 0 km
Moldova: total: 1,389 km
border countries: Romania 450 km, Ukraine 939 km
Monaco: total: 4.4 km
border countries: France 4.4 km
Mongolia: total: 8,161.9 km
border countries: China 4,676.9 km, Russia 3,485 km
Montserrat: 0 km
Morocco: total: 2,017.9 km
border countries: Algeria 1,559 km, Western Sahara 443 km, Spain (Ceuta) 6.3 km, Spain (Melilla) 9.6 km
Mozambique: total: 4,571 km
border countries: Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland 105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km
Namibia: total: 3,824 km
border countries: Angola 1,376 km, Botswana 1,360 km, South Africa 855 km, Zambia 233 km
Nauru: 0 km
Navassa Island: 0 km
Nepal: total: 2,926 km
border countries: China 1,236 km, India 1,690 km
Netherlands: total: 1,027 km
border countries: Belgium 450 km, Germany 577 km
Netherlands Antilles: total: 10.2 km
border countries: Guadeloupe (Saint Martin) 10.2 km
New Caledonia: 0 km
New Zealand: 0 km
Nicaragua: total: 1,231 km
border countries: Costa Rica 309 km, Honduras 922 km
Niger: total: 5,697 km
border countries: Algeria 956 km, Benin 266 km, Burkina Faso 628 km, Chad 1,175 km, Libya 354 km, Mali 821 km, Nigeria 1,497 km
Nigeria: total: 4,047 km
border countries: Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger 1,497 km
Niue: 0 km
Norfolk Island: 0 km
Northern Mariana Islands: 0 km
Norway: total: 2,515 km
border countries: Finland 729 km, Sweden 1,619 km, Russia 167 km
Oman: total: 1,374 km
border countries: Saudi Arabia 676 km, UAE 410 km, Yemen 288 km
Pakistan: total: 6,774 km
border countries: Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909 km
Palau: 0 km
Palmyra Atoll: 0 km
Panama: total: 555 km
border countries: Colombia 225 km, Costa Rica 330 km
Papua New Guinea: total: 820 km
border countries: Indonesia 820 km
Paracel Islands: 0 km
Paraguay: total: 3,920 km
border countries: Argentina 1,880 km, Bolivia 750 km, Brazil 1,290 km
Peru: total: 5,536 km
border countries: Bolivia 900 km, Brazil 1,560 km, Chile 160 km, Colombia 1,496 km (est.), Ecuador 1,420 km
Philippines: 0 km
Pitcairn Islands: 0 km
Poland: total: 2,888 km
border countries: Belarus 605 km, Czech Republic 658 km, Germany 456 km, Lithuania 91 km, Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast) 206 km, Slovakia 444 km, Ukraine 428 km
Portugal: total: 1,214 km
border countries: Spain 1,214 km
Puerto Rico: 0 km
Qatar: total: 60 km
border countries: Saudi Arabia 60 km
Reunion: 0 km
Romania: total: 2,508 km
border countries: Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km, Yugoslavia 476 km, Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (east) 169 km
Russia: total: 19,961 km
border countries: Azerbaijan 284 km, Belarus 959 km, China (southeast) 3,605 km, China (south) 40 km, Estonia 294 km, Finland 1,313 km, Georgia 723 km, Kazakhstan 6,846 km, North Korea 19 km, Latvia 217 km, Lithuania (Kaliningrad Oblast) 227 km, Mongolia 3,485 km, Norway 167 km, Poland (Kaliningrad Oblast) 206 km, Ukraine 1,576 km
Rwanda: total: 893 km
border countries: Burundi 290 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 217 km, Tanzania 217 km, Uganda 169 km
Saint Helena: 0 km
Saint Kitts and Nevis: 0 km
Saint Lucia: 0 km
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: 0 km
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: 0 km
Samoa: 0 km
San Marino: total: 39 km
border countries: Italy 39 km
Sao Tome and Principe: 0 km
Saudi Arabia: total: 4,415 km
border countries: Iraq 814 km, Jordan 728 km, Kuwait 222 km, Oman 676 km, Qatar 60 km, UAE 457 km, Yemen 1,458 km
Senegal: total: 2,640 km
border countries: The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau 338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km
Seychelles: 0 km
Sierra Leone: total: 958 km
border countries: Guinea 652 km, Liberia 306 km
Singapore: 0 km
Slovakia: total: 1,355 km
border countries: Austria 91 km, Czech Republic 215 km, Hungary 515 km, Poland 444 km, Ukraine 90 km
Slovenia: total: 1,165 km
border countries: Austria 330 km, Croatia 501 km, Italy 232 km, Hungary 102 km
Solomon Islands: 0 km
Somalia: total: 2,366 km
border countries: Djibouti 58 km, Ethiopia 1,626 km, Kenya 682 km
South Africa: total: 4,750 km
border countries: Botswana 1,840 km, Lesotho 909 km, Mozambique 491 km, Namibia 855 km, Swaziland 430 km, Zimbabwe 225 km
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands: 0 km
Spain: total: 1,917.8 km
border countries: Andorra 63.7 km, France 623 km, Gibraltar 1.2 km, Portugal 1,214 km, Morocco (Ceuta) 6.3 km, Morocco (Melilla) 9.6 km
Spratly Islands: 0 km
Sri Lanka: 0 km
Sudan: total: 7,687 km
border countries: Central African Republic 1,165 km, Chad 1,360 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 628 km, Egypt 1,273 km, Eritrea 605 km, Ethiopia 1,606 km, Kenya 232 km, Libya 383 km, Uganda 435 km
Suriname: total: 1,707 km
border countries: Brazil 597 km, French Guiana 510 km, Guyana 600 km
Svalbard: 0 km
Swaziland: total: 535 km
border countries: Mozambique 105 km, South Africa 430 km
Sweden: total: 2,205 km
border countries: Finland 586 km, Norway 1,619 km
Switzerland: total: 1,852 km
border countries: Austria 164 km, France 573 km, Italy 740 km, Liechtenstein 41 km, Germany 334 km
Syria: total: 2,253 km
border countries: Iraq 605 km, Israel 76 km, Jordan 375 km, Lebanon 375 km, Turkey 822 km
Tajikistan: total: 3,651 km
border countries: Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km
Tanzania: total: 3,402 km
border countries: Burundi 451 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km
Thailand: total: 4,863 km
border countries: Burma 1,800 km, Cambodia 803 km, Laos 1,754 km, Malaysia 506 km
Togo: total: 1,647 km
border countries: Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km
Tokelau: 0 km
Tonga: 0 km
Trinidad and Tobago: 0 km
Tromelin Island: 0 km
Tunisia: total: 1,424 km
border countries: Algeria 965 km, Libya 459 km
Turkey: total: 2,627 km
border countries: Armenia 268 km, Azerbaijan 9 km, Bulgaria 240 km, Georgia 252 km, Greece 206 km, Iran 499 km, Iraq 331 km, Syria 822 km
Turkmenistan: total: 3,736 km
border countries: Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379 km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km
Turks and Caicos Islands: 0 km
Tuvalu: 0 km
Uganda: total: 2,698 km
border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 765 km, Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km
Ukraine: total: 4,558 km
border countries: Belarus 891 km, Hungary 103 km, Moldova 939 km, Poland 428 km, Romania (south) 169 km, Romania (west) 362 km, Russia 1,576 km, Slovakia 90 km
United Arab Emirates: total: 867 km
border countries: Oman 410 km, Saudi Arabia 457 km
United Kingdom: total: 360 km
border countries: Ireland 360 km
United States: total: 12,248 km
border countries: Canada 8,893 km (including 2,477 km with Alaska), Cuba 29 km (US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay), Mexico 3,326 km
note: Guantanamo Naval Base is leased by the US and thus remains part of Cuba
Uruguay: total: 1,564 km
border countries: Argentina 579 km, Brazil 985 km
Uzbekistan: total: 6,221 km
border countries: Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakhstan 2,203 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,099 km, Tajikistan 1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km
Vanuatu: 0 km
Venezuela: total: 4,993 km
border countries: Brazil 2,200 km, Colombia 2,050 km, Guyana 743 km
Vietnam: total: 4,639 km
border countries: Cambodia 1,228 km, China 1,281 km, Laos 2,130 km
Virgin Islands: 0 km
Wake Island: 0 km
Wallis and Futuna: 0 km
West Bank: total: 404 km
border countries: Israel 307 km, Jordan 97 km
Western Sahara: total: 2,046 km
border countries: Algeria 42 km, Mauritania 1,561 km, Morocco 443 km
World: the land boundaries in the world total 251,480.24 km (not counting shared boundaries twice)
Yemen: total: 1,746 km
border countries: Oman 288 km, Saudi Arabia 1,458 km
Yugoslavia: total: 2,246 km
border countries: Albania 287 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 527 km, Bulgaria 318 km, Croatia (north) 241 km, Croatia (south) 25 km, Hungary 151 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 221 km, Romania 476 km
Zambia: total: 5,664 km
border countries: Angola 1,110 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,930 km, Malawi 837 km, Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania 338 km, Zimbabwe 797 km
Zimbabwe: total: 3,066 km
border countries: Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1,231 km, South Africa 225 km, Zambia 797 km
Taiwan: 0 km
======================================================================
@Land use
Afghanistan: arable land: 12%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 46%
forests and woodland: 3%
other: 39% (1993 est.)
Albania: arable land: 21%
permanent crops: 5%
permanent pastures: 15%
forests and woodland: 38%
other: 21% (1993 est.)
Algeria: arable land: 3%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 13%
forests and woodland: 2%
other: 82% (1993 est.)
American Samoa: arable land: 5%
permanent crops: 10%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 70%
other: 15% (1993 est.)
Andorra: arable land: 4%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 45%
forests and woodland: 35%
other: 16% (1998 est.)
Angola: arable land: 2%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 23%
forests and woodland: 43%
other: 32% (1993 est.)
Anguilla: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100% (mostly rock with sparse scrub oak, few trees, some commercial salt ponds)
Antarctica: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100% (ice 98%, barren rock 2%)
Antigua and Barbuda: arable land: 18%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 9%
forests and woodland: 11%
other: 62% (1993 est.)
Argentina: arable land: 9%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 52%
forests and woodland: 19%
other: 19% (1993 est.)
Armenia: arable land: 17%
permanent crops: 3%
permanent pastures: 24%
forests and woodland: 15%
other: 41% (1993 est.)
Aruba: arable land: 7% (including aloe 0.01%)
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 93% (1993 est.)
Ashmore and Cartier Islands: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100% (all grass and sand)
Australia: arable land: 6%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 54%
forests and woodland: 19%
other: 21% (1993 est.)
Austria: arable land: 17%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 23%
forests and woodland: 39%
other: 20% (1996 est.)
Azerbaijan: arable land: 18%
permanent crops: 5%
permanent pastures: 25%
forests and woodland: 11%
other: 41% (1993 est.)
Bahamas, The: arable land: 1%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 32%
other: 67% (1993 est.)
Bahrain: arable land: 1%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 6%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 92% (1993 est.)
Baker Island: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100%
Bangladesh: arable land: 73%
permanent crops: 2%
permanent pastures: 5%
forests and woodland: 15%
other: 5% (1993 est.)
Barbados: arable land: 37%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 5%
forests and woodland: 12%
other: 46% (1993 est.)
Bassas da India: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100% (all rock)
Belarus: arable land: 29%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 15%
forests and woodland: 34%
other: 21% (1993 est.)
Belgium: arable land: 24%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 20%
forests and woodland: 21%
other: 34%
Belize: arable land: 10%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 2%
forests and woodland: 84%
other: 3% (2000 est.)
Benin: arable land: 13%
permanent crops: 4%
permanent pastures: 4%
forests and woodland: 31%
other: 48% (1993 est.)
Bermuda: arable land: 6%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 94% (55% developed, 39% rural/open space) (1997 est.)
Bhutan: arable land: 2%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 6%
forests and woodland: 66%
other: 26% (1993 est.)
Bolivia: arable land: 2%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 24%
forests and woodland: 53%
other: 21% (1993 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: arable land: 14%
permanent crops: 5%
permanent pastures: 20%
forests and woodland: 39%
other: 22% (1993 est.)
Botswana: arable land: 1%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 46%
forests and woodland: 47%
other: 6% (1993 est.)
Bouvet Island: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100% (93% ice)
Brazil: arable land: 5%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 22%
forests and woodland: 58%
other: 14% (1993 est.)
British Indian Ocean Territory: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: NA%
other: NA%
British Virgin Islands: arable land: 20%
permanent crops: 7%
permanent pastures: 33%
forests and woodland: 7%
other: 33% (1993 est.)
Brunei: arable land: 1%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 1%
forests and woodland: 85%
other: 12% (1993 est.)
Bulgaria: arable land: 43%
permanent crops: 2%
permanent pastures: 14%
forests and woodland: 38%
other: 3% (1999 est.)
Burkina Faso: arable land: 13%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 22%
forests and woodland: 50%
other: 15% (1993 est.)
Burma: arable land: 15%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 1%
forests and woodland: 49%
other: 34% (1993 est.)
Burundi: arable land: 44%
permanent crops: 9%
permanent pastures: 36%
forests and woodland: 3%
other: 8% (1993 est.)
Cambodia: arable land: 13%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 11%
forests and woodland: 66%
other: 10% (1993 est.)
Cameroon: arable land: 13%
permanent crops: 2%
permanent pastures: 4%
forests and woodland: 78%
other: 3% (1993 est.)
Canada: arable land: 5%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 3%
forests and woodland: 54%
other: 38% (1993 est.)
Cape Verde: arable land: 11%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 6%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 83% (1993 est.)
Cayman Islands: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 8%
forests and woodland: 23%
other: 69% (1993 est.)
Central African Republic: arable land: 3%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 5%
forests and woodland: 75%
other: 17% (1993 est.)
Chad: arable land: 3%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 36%
forests and woodland: 26%
other: 35% (1993 est.)
Chile: arable land: 5%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 18%
forests and woodland: 22%
other: 55% (1993 est.)
China: arable land: 10%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 43%
forests and woodland: 14%
other: 33% (1993 est.)
Christmas Island: arable land: NA%
permanent crops: NA%
permanent pastures: NA%
forests and woodland: NA%
other: NA%
note: mainly tropical rainforest of which 60%-70% is in a national park
Clipperton Island: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100% (all coral)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100% (1993 est.)
Colombia: arable land: 4%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 39%
forests and woodland: 48%
other: 8% (1993 est.)
Comoros: arable land: 35%
permanent crops: 10%
permanent pastures: 7%
forests and woodland: 18%
other: 30% (1993 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: arable land: 3%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 7%
forests and woodland: 77%
other: 13% (1993 est.)
Congo, Republic of the: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 29%
forests and woodland: 62%
other: 9% (1993 est.)
Cook Islands: arable land: 9%
permanent crops: 13%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 78% (1993 est.)
Coral Sea Islands: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100% (mostly grass or scrub cover)
Costa Rica: arable land: 6%
permanent crops: 5%
permanent pastures: 46%
forests and woodland: 31%
other: 12% (1993 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire: arable land: 8%
permanent crops: 4%
permanent pastures: 41%
forests and woodland: 22%
other: 25% (1993 est.)
Croatia: arable land: 21%
permanent crops: 2%
permanent pastures: 20%
forests and woodland: 38%
other: 19% (1993 est.)
Cuba: arable land: 24%
permanent crops: 7%
permanent pastures: 27%
forests and woodland: 24%
other: 18% (1993 est.)
Cyprus: arable land: 12%
permanent crops: 5%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 13%
other: 70% (1993 est.)
Czech Republic: arable land: 41%
permanent crops: 2%
permanent pastures: 11%
forests and woodland: 34%
other: 12% (1993 est.)
Denmark: arable land: 60%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 5%
forests and woodland: 10%
other: 25% (1993 est.)
Djibouti: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 9%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 91% (1993 est.)
Dominica: arable land: 9%
permanent crops: 13%
permanent pastures: 3%
forests and woodland: 67%
other: 8% (1993 est.)
Dominican Republic: arable land: 21%
permanent crops: 9%
permanent pastures: 43%
forests and woodland: 12%
other: 15% (1993 est.)
Ecuador: arable land: 6%
permanent crops: 5%
permanent pastures: 18%
forests and woodland: 56%
other: 15% (1993 est.)
Egypt: arable land: 2%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 98% (1993 est.)
El Salvador: arable land: 27%
permanent crops: 8%
permanent pastures: 29%
forests and woodland: 5%
other: 31% (1993 est.)
Equatorial Guinea: arable land: 5%
permanent crops: 4%
permanent pastures: 4%
forests and woodland: 46%
other: 41% (1993 est.)
Eritrea: arable land: 12%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 49%
forests and woodland: 6%
other: 32% (1998 est.)
Estonia: arable land: 25%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 11%
forests and woodland: 44%
other: 20% (1996 est.)
Ethiopia: arable land: 12%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 40%
forests and woodland: 25%
other: 22% (1993 est.)
Europa Island: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 100%
other: 0%
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 99%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 1% (1993 est.)
Faroe Islands: arable land: 6%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 94% (1996)
Fiji: arable land: 10%
permanent crops: 4%
permanent pastures: 10%
forests and woodland: 65%
other: 11% (1993 est.)
Finland: arable land: 8%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 76%
other: 16% (1993 est.)
France: arable land: 33%
permanent crops: 2%
permanent pastures: 20%
forests and woodland: 27%
other: 18% (1993 est.)
French Guiana: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 90%
other: 10% (1996 est.)
French Polynesia: arable land: 1%
permanent crops: 6%
permanent pastures: 5%
forests and woodland: 31%
other: 57% (1993 est.)
French Southern and Antarctic Lands: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100%
Gabon: arable land: 1%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 18%
forests and woodland: 77%
other: 3% (1993 est.)
Gambia, The: arable land: 18%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 9%
forests and woodland: 28%
other: 45% (1993 est.)
Gaza Strip: arable land: 24%
permanent crops: 39%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 11%
other: 26% (1993 est.)
Georgia: arable land: 9%
permanent crops: 4%
permanent pastures: 25%
forests and woodland: 34%
other: 28% (1993 est.)
Germany: arable land: 33%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 15%
forests and woodland: 31%
other: 20% (1993 est.)
Ghana: arable land: 12%
permanent crops: 7%
permanent pastures: 22%
forests and woodland: 35%
other: 24% (1993 est.)
Gibraltar: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100% (1993 est.)
Glorioso Islands: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100% (all lush vegetation and coconut palms)
Greece: arable land: 19%
permanent crops: 8%
permanent pastures: 41%
forests and woodland: 20%
other: 12% (1993 est.)
Greenland: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 1%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 99% (1998 est.)
Grenada: arable land: 15%
permanent crops: 18%
permanent pastures: 3%
forests and woodland: 9%
other: 55% (1993 est.)
Guadeloupe: arable land: 14%
permanent crops: 4%
permanent pastures: 14%
forests and woodland: 39%
other: 29% (1993 est.)
Guam: arable land: 11%
permanent crops: 11%
permanent pastures: 15%
forests and woodland: 18%
other: 45% (1993 est.)
Guatemala: arable land: 12%
permanent crops: 5%
permanent pastures: 24%
forests and woodland: 54%
other: 5% (1993 est.)
Guernsey: arable land: NA%
permanent crops: NA%
permanent pastures: NA%
forests and woodland: NA%
other: NA%
Guinea: arable land: 2%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 22%
forests and woodland: 59%
other: 17% (1993 est.)
Guinea-Bissau: arable land: 11%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 38%
forests and woodland: 38%
other: 12% (1993 est.)
Guyana: arable land: 2%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 6%
forests and woodland: 84%
other: 8% (1993 est.)
Haiti: arable land: 20%
permanent crops: 13%
permanent pastures: 18%
forests and woodland: 5%
other: 44% (1993 est.)
Heard Island and McDonald Islands: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100%
Holy See (Vatican City): arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100% (urban area)
Honduras: arable land: 15%
permanent crops: 3%
permanent pastures: 14%
forests and woodland: 54%
other: 14% (1993 est.)
Hong Kong: arable land: 6%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 1%
forests and woodland: 20%
other: 72% (1997 est.)
Howland Island: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 5%
other: 95%
Hungary: arable land: 51%
permanent crops: 3.6%
permanent pastures: 12.4%
forests and woodland: 19%
other: 14% (1999)
Iceland: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 23%
forests and woodland: 1%
other: 76% (1993 est.)
India: arable land: 56%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 4%
forests and woodland: 23%
other: 16% (1993 est.)
Indonesia: arable land: 10%
permanent crops: 7%
permanent pastures: 7%
forests and woodland: 62%
other: 14% (1993 est.)
Iran: arable land: 10%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 27%
forests and woodland: 7%
other: 55% (1993 est.)
Iraq: arable land: 12%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 9%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 79% (1993 est.)
Ireland: arable land: 13%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 68%
forests and woodland: 5%
other: 14% (1993 est.)
Israel: arable land: 17%
permanent crops: 4%
permanent pastures: 7%
forests and woodland: 6%
other: 66% (1993 est.)
Italy: arable land: 31%
permanent crops: 10%
permanent pastures: 15%
forests and woodland: 23%
other: 21% (1993 est.)
Jamaica: arable land: 14%
permanent crops: 6%
permanent pastures: 24%
forests and woodland: 17%
other: 39% (1993 est.)
Jan Mayen: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100%
Japan: arable land: 11%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 2%
forests and woodland: 67%
other: 19% (1993 est.)
Jarvis Island: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100%
Jersey: arable land: 66%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 34%
Johnston Atoll: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100%
Jordan: arable land: 4%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 9%
forests and woodland: 1%
other: 85% (1993 est.)
Juan de Nova Island: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 90%
other: 10%
Kazakhstan: arable land: 12%
permanent crops: 11%
permanent pastures: 57%
forests and woodland: 4%
other: 16% (1996 est.)
Kenya: arable land: 7%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 37%
forests and woodland: 30%
other: 25% (1993 est.)
Kingman Reef: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100%
Kiribati: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 51%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 3%
other: 46% (1993 est.)
Korea, North: arable land: 14%
permanent crops: 2%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 61%
other: 23% (1993 est.)
Korea, South: arable land: 19%
permanent crops: 2%
permanent pastures: 1%
forests and woodland: 65%
other: 13% (1993 est.)
Kuwait: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 8%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 92% (1993 est.)
Kyrgyzstan: arable land: 7%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 44%
forests and woodland: 4%
other: 45% (1993 est.)
note: Kyrgyzstan has the world's largest natural growth walnut forest
Laos: arable land: 3%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 3%
forests and woodland: 54%
other: 40% (1993 est.)
Latvia: arable land: 27%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 13%
forests and woodland: 46%
other: 14% (1993 est.)
Lebanon: arable land: 18%
permanent crops: 9%
permanent pastures: 1%
forests and woodland: 8%
other: 64% (1996 est.)
Lesotho: arable land: 11%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 66%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 23% (1993 est.)
Liberia: arable land: 1%
permanent crops: 3%
permanent pastures: 59%
forests and woodland: 18%
other: 19% (1993 est.)
Libya: arable land: 1%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 8%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 91% (1993 est.)
Liechtenstein: arable land: 24%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 16%
forests and woodland: 35%
other: 25% (1993 est.)
Lithuania: arable land: 39%
permanent crops: 9%
permanent pastures: 6%
forests and woodland: 31%
other: 15% (2001 est.)
Luxembourg: arable land: 24%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 20%
forests and woodland: 35%
other: 20%
Macau: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 2%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 98% (1998 est.)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: arable land: 24%
permanent crops: 2%
permanent pastures: 25%
forests and woodland: 39%
other: 10% (1993 est.)
Madagascar: arable land: 4%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 41%
forests and woodland: 40%
other: 14% (1993 est.)
Malawi: arable land: 34%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 20%
forests and woodland: 39%
other: 7% (1993 est.)
Malaysia: arable land: 3%
permanent crops: 12%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 68%
other: 17% (1993 est.)
Maldives: arable land: 10%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 3%
forests and woodland: 3%
other: 84% (1993 est.)
Mali: arable land: 2%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 25%
forests and woodland: 6%
other: 67% (1993 est.)
Malta: arable land: 32%
permanent crops: 3%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 4%
other: 61% (2000 est.)
Man, Isle of: arable land: 9%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 46%
forests and woodland: 6%
other: 39% (includes 25% mountain and heathland)
Marshall Islands: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 60%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 40%
Martinique: arable land: 8%
permanent crops: 8%
permanent pastures: 17%
forests and woodland: 44%
other: 23% (1993 est.)
Mauritania: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 38%
forests and woodland: 4%
other: 58% (1993 est.)
Mauritius: arable land: 49%
permanent crops: 3%
permanent pastures: 3%
forests and woodland: 22%
other: 23% (1993 est.)
Mayotte: arable land: NA%
permanent crops: NA%
permanent pastures: NA%
forests and woodland: NA%
other: NA%
Mexico: arable land: 12%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 39%
forests and woodland: 26%
other: 22% (1993 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of: arable land: NA%
permanent crops: NA%
permanent pastures: NA%
forests and woodland: NA%
other: NA%
Midway Islands: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100%
Moldova: arable land: 53%
permanent crops: 14%
permanent pastures: 13%
forests and woodland: 13%
other: 7% (1993 est.)
Monaco: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100% (urban area)
Mongolia: arable land: 5.7%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 81%
forests and woodland: 11.4%
other: 1.9% (2000 est.)
Montserrat: arable land: 20%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 10%
forests and woodland: 40%
other: 30% (1993 est.)
Morocco: arable land: 21%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 47%
forests and woodland: 20%
other: 11% (1993 est.)
Mozambique: arable land: 4%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 56%
forests and woodland: 18%
other: 22% (1993 est.)
Namibia: arable land: 1%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 46%
forests and woodland: 22%
other: 31% (1993 est.)
Nauru: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100% (1993 est.)
Navassa Island: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 10%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 90%
Nepal: arable land: 17%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 15%
forests and woodland: 42%
other: 26% (1993 est.)
Netherlands: arable land: 25%
permanent crops: 3%
permanent pastures: 25%
forests and woodland: 8%
other: 39% (1996 est.)
Netherlands Antilles: arable land: 10%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 90% (1993 est.)
New Caledonia: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 12%
forests and woodland: 39%
other: 49% (1993 est.)
New Zealand: arable land: 9%
permanent crops: 5%
permanent pastures: 50%
forests and woodland: 28%
other: 8% (1993 est.)
Nicaragua: arable land: 9%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 46%
forests and woodland: 27%
other: 17% (1993 est.)
Niger: arable land: 3%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 7%
forests and woodland: 2%
other: 88% (1993 est.)
Nigeria: arable land: 33%
permanent crops: 3%
permanent pastures: 44%
forests and woodland: 12%
other: 8% (1993 est.)
Niue: arable land: 19%
permanent crops: 8%
permanent pastures: 4%
forests and woodland: 19%
other: 50% (1993 est.)
Norfolk Island: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 25%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 75% (1993 est.)
Northern Mariana Islands: arable land: 21%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 19%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 60%
Norway: arable land: 3%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 27%
other: 70% (1993 est.)
Oman: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 5%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 95% (1993 est.)
Pakistan: arable land: 27%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 6%
forests and woodland: 5%
other: 61% (1993 est.)
Palau: arable land: NA%
permanent crops: NA%
permanent pastures: NA%
forests and woodland: NA%
other: NA%
Palmyra Atoll: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 100%
other: 0%
Panama: arable land: 7%
permanent crops: 2%
permanent pastures: 20%
forests and woodland: 44%
other: 27% (1993 est.)
Papua New Guinea: arable land: 0.1%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 92.9%
other: 6% (1993 est.)
Paracel Islands: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100%
Paraguay: arable land: 6%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 55%
forests and woodland: 32%
other: 7% (1993 est.)
Peru: arable land: 3%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 21%
forests and woodland: 66%
other: 10% (1993 est.)
Philippines: arable land: 19%
permanent crops: 12%
permanent pastures: 4%
forests and woodland: 46%
other: 19% (1993 est.)
Pitcairn Islands: arable land: NA%
permanent crops: NA%
permanent pastures: NA%
forests and woodland: NA%
other: NA%
Poland: arable land: 47%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 13%
forests and woodland: 29%
other: 10% (1993 est.)
Portugal: arable land: 26%
permanent crops: 9%
permanent pastures: 9%
forests and woodland: 36%
other: 20% (1993 est.)
Puerto Rico: arable land: 4%
permanent crops: 5%
permanent pastures: 26%
forests and woodland: 16%
other: 49% (1993 est.)
Qatar: arable land: 1%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 5%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 94% (1993 est.)
Reunion: arable land: 17%
permanent crops: 2%
permanent pastures: 5%
forests and woodland: 35%
other: 41% (1993 est.)
Romania: arable land: 41%
permanent crops: 3%
permanent pastures: 21%
forests and woodland: 29%
other: 6% (1993 est.)
Russia: arable land: 8%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 4%
forests and woodland: 46%
other: 42% (1993 est.)
Rwanda: arable land: 35%
permanent crops: 13%
permanent pastures: 18%
forests and woodland: 22%
other: 12% (1993 est.)
Saint Helena: arable land: 6%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 6%
forests and woodland: 6%
other: 82% (1993 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis: arable land: 22%
permanent crops: 17%
permanent pastures: 3%
forests and woodland: 17%
other: 41% (1993 est.)
Saint Lucia: arable land: 8%
permanent crops: 21%
permanent pastures: 5%
forests and woodland: 13%
other: 53% (1993 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: arable land: 13%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 4%
other: 83% (1993 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: arable land: 10%
permanent crops: 18%
permanent pastures: 5%
forests and woodland: 36%
other: 31% (1993 est.)
Samoa: arable land: 19%
permanent crops: 24%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 47%
other: 10%
San Marino: arable land: 17%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 83% (1993 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe: arable land: 2%
permanent crops: 36%
permanent pastures: 1%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 61% (1993 est.)
Saudi Arabia: arable land: 2%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 56%
forests and woodland: 1%
other: 41% (1993 est.)
Senegal: arable land: 12%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 16%
forests and woodland: 54%
other: 18% (1993 est.)
Seychelles: arable land: 2%
permanent crops: 13%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 11%
other: 74% (1993 est.)
Sierra Leone: arable land: 7%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 31%
forests and woodland: 28%
other: 33% (1993 est.)
Singapore: arable land: 2%
permanent crops: 6%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 5%
other: 87% (1993 est.)
Slovakia: arable land: 31%
permanent crops: 3%
permanent pastures: 17%
forests and woodland: 41%
other: 8% (1993 est.)
Slovenia: arable land: 12%
permanent crops: 3%
permanent pastures: 24%
forests and woodland: 54%
other: 7% (1996 est.)
Solomon Islands: arable land: 1%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 1%
forests and woodland: 88%
other: 9% (1993 est.)
Somalia: arable land: 2%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 69%
forests and woodland: 26%
other: 3% (1993 est.)
South Africa: arable land: 10%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 67%
forests and woodland: 7%
other: 15% (1993 est.)
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100% (largely covered by permanent ice and snow with some sparse vegetation consisting of grass, moss, and lichen)
Spain: arable land: 30%
permanent crops: 9%
permanent pastures: 21%
forests and woodland: 32%
other: 8% (1993 est.)
Spratly Islands: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100%
Sri Lanka: arable land: 14%
permanent crops: 15%
permanent pastures: 7%
forests and woodland: 32%
other: 32% (1993 est.)
Sudan: arable land: 5%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 46%
forests and woodland: 19%
other: 30% (1993 est.)
Suriname: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 96%
other: 4% (1993 est.)
note: there are 94,927 hectares of arable land, 7,195 hectares of permanent crops, and 15,000 hectares of permanent pastures
Svalbard: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100% (no trees, and the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry)
Swaziland: arable land: 11%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 62%
forests and woodland: 7%
other: 20% (1993 est.)
Sweden: arable land: 7%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 1%
forests and woodland: 68%
other: 24% (1993 est.)
Switzerland: arable land: 10%
permanent crops: 2%
permanent pastures: 28%
forests and woodland: 32%
other: 28% (1993 est.)
Syria: arable land: 28%
permanent crops: 4%
permanent pastures: 43%
forests and woodland: 3%
other: 22% (1993 est.)
Tajikistan: arable land: 6%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 25%
forests and woodland: 4%
other: 65% (1993 est.)
Tanzania: arable land: 3%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 40%
forests and woodland: 38%
other: 18% (1993 est.)
Thailand: arable land: 34%
permanent crops: 6%
permanent pastures: 2%
forests and woodland: 26%
other: 32% (1993 est.)
Togo: arable land: 38%
permanent crops: 7%
permanent pastures: 4%
forests and woodland: 17%
other: 34% (1993 est.)
Tokelau: arable land: 0% (soil is thin and infertile)
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100% (1993 est.)
Tonga: arable land: 24%
permanent crops: 43%
permanent pastures: 6%
forests and woodland: 11%
other: 16% (1993 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago: arable land: 15%
permanent crops: 9%
permanent pastures: 2%
forests and woodland: 46%
other: 28% (1993 est.)
Tromelin Island: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100% (scattered bushes)
Tunisia: arable land: 19%
permanent crops: 13%
permanent pastures: 20%
forests and woodland: 4%
other: 44% (1993 est.)
Turkey: arable land: 32%
permanent crops: 4%
permanent pastures: 16%
forests and woodland: 26%
other: 22% (1993 est.)
Turkmenistan: arable land: 3%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 63%
forests and woodland: 8%
other: 26% (1993 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands: arable land: 2%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 98% (1993 est.)
Tuvalu: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100% (1993 est.)
Uganda: arable land: 25%
permanent crops: 9%
permanent pastures: 9%
forests and woodland: 28%
other: 29% (1993 est.)
Ukraine: arable land: 58%
permanent crops: 2%
permanent pastures: 13%
forests and woodland: 18%
other: 9% (1993 est.)
United Arab Emirates: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 2%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 98% (1993 est.)
United Kingdom: arable land: 25%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 46%
forests and woodland: 10%
other: 19% (1993 est.)
United States: arable land: 19%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 25%
forests and woodland: 30%
other: 26% (1993 est.)
Uruguay: arable land: 7%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 77%
forests and woodland: 6%
other: 10% (1997 est.)
Uzbekistan: arable land: 9%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 46%
forests and woodland: 3%
other: 41% (1993 est.)
Vanuatu: arable land: 2%
permanent crops: 10%
permanent pastures: 2%
forests and woodland: 75%
other: 11% (1993 est.)
Venezuela: arable land: 4%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 20%
forests and woodland: 34%
other: 41% (1993 est.)
Vietnam: arable land: 17%
permanent crops: 4%
permanent pastures: 1%
forests and woodland: 30%
other: 48% (1993 est.)
Virgin Islands: arable land: 15%
permanent crops: 6%
permanent pastures: 26%
forests and woodland: 6%
other: 47% (1993 est.)
Wake Island: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100%
Wallis and Futuna: arable land: 5%
permanent crops: 20%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 75% (1993 est.)
West Bank: arable land: 27%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 32%
forests and woodland: 1%
other: 40%
Western Sahara: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 19%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 81%
World: arable land: 10%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 26%
forests and woodland: 32%
other: 31% (1993 est.)
Yemen: arable land: 3%
permanent crops: 13%
permanent pastures: 33.5%
forests and woodland: 4%
other: 46.5% (1999)
Yugoslavia: arable land: 40%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 20.7%
forests and woodland: 17.3%
other: 22% (1998 est.)
Zambia: arable land: 7%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 40%
forests and woodland: 39%
other: 14% (1993 est.)
Zimbabwe: arable land: 7%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 13%
forests and woodland: 23%
other: 57% (1993 est.)
Taiwan: arable land: 24%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 5%
forests and woodland: 55%
other: 15%
======================================================================
@Languages
Afghanistan: Pashtu 35%, Afghan Persian (Dari) 50%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism
Albania: Albanian (Tosk is the official dialect), Greek
Algeria: Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects
American Samoa: Samoan (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English
note: most people are bilingual
Andorra: Catalan (official), French, Castilian
Angola: Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages
Anguilla: English (official)
Antigua and Barbuda: English (official), local dialects
Argentina: Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French
Armenia: Armenian 96%, Russian 2%, other 2%
Aruba: Dutch (official), Papiamento (a Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, English dialect), English (widely spoken), Spanish
Australia: English, native languages
Austria: German
Azerbaijan: Azerbaijani (Azeri) 89%, Russian 3%, Armenian 2%, other 6% (1995 est.)
Bahamas, The: English, Creole (among Haitian immigrants)
Bahrain: Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu
Bangladesh: Bangla (official, also known as Bengali), English
Barbados: English
Belarus: Byelorussian, Russian, other
Belgium: Dutch 58%, French 32%, German 10%, legally bilingual (Dutch and French)
Belize: English (official), Spanish, Mayan, Garifuna (Carib), Creole
Benin: French (official), Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars in south), tribal languages (at least six major ones in north)
Bermuda: English (official), Portuguese
Bhutan: Dzongkha (official), Bhotes speak various Tibetan dialects, Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects
Bolivia: Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara (official)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian
Botswana: English (official), Setswana
Brazil: Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French
British Virgin Islands: English (official)
Brunei: Malay (official), English, Chinese
Bulgaria: Bulgarian, secondary languages closely correspond to ethnic breakdown
Burkina Faso: French (official), native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population
Burma: Burmese, minority ethnic groups have their own languages
Burundi: Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)
Cambodia: Khmer (official) 95%, French, English
Cameroon: 24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official)
Canada: English 59.3% (official), French 23.2% (official), other 17.5%
Cape Verde: Portuguese, Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West African words)
Cayman Islands: English
Central African Republic: French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), Arabic, Hunsa, Swahili
Chad: French (official), Arabic (official), Sara and Sango (in south), more than 100 different languages and dialects
Chile: Spanish
China: Standard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghaiese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages (see Ethnic groups entry)
Christmas Island: English, Chinese, Malay
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: English, Malay
Colombia: Spanish
Comoros: Arabic (official), French (official), Comoran (a blend of Swahili and Arabic)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: French (official), Lingala (a lingua franca trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or Swahili), Kikongo, Tshiluba
Congo, Republic of the: French (official), Lingala and Monokutuba (lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo has the most users)
Cook Islands: English (official), Maori
Costa Rica: Spanish (official), English spoken around Puerto Limon
Cote d'Ivoire: French (official), 60 native dialects with Dioula the most widely spoken
Croatia: Croatian 96%, other 4% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and German)
Cuba: Spanish
Cyprus: Greek, Turkish, English
Czech Republic: Czech
Denmark: Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German (small minority)
note: English is the predominant second language
Djibouti: French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar
Dominica: English (official), French patois
Dominican Republic: Spanish
Ecuador: Spanish (official), Amerindian languages (especially Quechua)
Egypt: Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes
El Salvador: Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians)
Equatorial Guinea: Spanish (official), French (official), pidgin English, Fang, Bubi, Ibo
Eritrea: Afar, Amharic, Arabic, Tigre and Kunama, Tigrinya, other Cushitic languages
Estonia: Estonian (official), Russian, Ukrainian, English, Finnish, other
Ethiopia: Amharic, Tigrinya, Oromigna, Guaragigna, Somali, Arabic, other local languages, English (major foreign language taught in schools)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): English
Faroe Islands: Faroese (derived from Old Norse), Danish
Fiji: English (official), Fijian, Hindustani
Finland: Finnish 93.4% (official), Swedish 5.9% (official), small Lapp- and Russian-speaking minorities
France: French 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects and languages (Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish)
French Guiana: French
French Polynesia: French (official), Tahitian (official)
Gabon: French (official), Fang, Myene, Bateke, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi
Gambia, The: English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars
Gaza Strip: Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers and many Palestinians), English (widely understood)
Georgia: Georgian 71% (official), Russian 9%, Armenian 7%, Azeri 6%, other 7%
note: Abkhaz is the official language in Abkhazia
Germany: German
Ghana: English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga)
Gibraltar: English (used in schools and for official purposes), Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Russian
Greece: Greek 99% (official), English, French
Greenland: Greenlandic (East Inuit), Danish, English
Grenada: English (official), French patois
Guadeloupe: French (official) 99%, Creole patois
Guam: English, Chamorro, Japanese
Guatemala: Spanish 60%, Amerindian languages 40% (more than 20 Amerindian languages, including Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi, Mam, Garifuna, and Xinca)
Guernsey: English, French, Norman-French dialect spoken in country districts
Guinea: French (official), each ethnic group has its own language
Guinea-Bissau: Portuguese (official), Crioulo, African languages
Guyana: English, Amerindian dialects, Creole, Hindi, Urdu
Haiti: French (official), Creole (official)
Holy See (Vatican City): Italian, Latin, French, various other languages
Honduras: Spanish, Amerindian dialects
Hong Kong: Chinese (Cantonese), English; both are official
Hungary: Hungarian 98.2%, other 1.8%
Iceland: Icelandic
India: English enjoys associate status but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication, Hindi the national language and primary tongue of 30% of the people, Bengali (official), Telugu (official), Marathi (official), Tamil (official), Urdu (official), Gujarati (official), Malayalam (official), Kannada (official), Oriya (official), Punjabi (official), Assamese (official), Kashmiri (official), Sindhi (official), Sanskrit (official), Hindustani (a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India)
note: 24 languages each spoken by a million or more persons; numerous other languages and dialects, for the most part mutually unintelligible
Indonesia: Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects, the most widely spoken of which is Javanese
Iran: Persian and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects 26%, Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Balochi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2%
Iraq: Arabic, Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Assyrian, Armenian
Ireland: English is the language generally used, Irish (Gaelic) spoken mainly in areas located along the western seaboard
Israel: Hebrew (official), Arabic used officially for Arab minority, English most commonly used foreign language
Italy: Italian (official), German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region are predominantly German speaking), French (small French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene (Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area)
Jamaica: English, Creole
Japan: Japanese
Jersey: English (official), French (official), Norman-French dialect spoken in country districts
Jordan: Arabic (official), English widely understood among upper and middle classes
Kazakhstan: Kazakh (Qazaq, state language) 40%, Russian (official, used in everyday business) 66%
Kenya: English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous languages
Kiribati: English (official), I-Kiribati
Korea, North: Korean
Korea, South: Korean, English widely taught in junior high and high school
Kuwait: Arabic (official), English widely spoken
Kyrgyzstan: Kirghiz (Kyrgyz) - official language, Russian - official language
note: in May 2000, the Kyrgyzstani legislature made Russian an official language, equal in status to Kirghiz
Laos: Lao (official), French, English, and various ethnic languages
Latvia: Latvian or Lettish (official), Lithuanian, Russian, other
Lebanon: Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian
Lesotho: Sesotho (southern Sotho), English (official), Zulu, Xhosa
Liberia: English 20% (official), some 20 ethnic group languages, of which a few can be written and are used in correspondence
Libya: Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the major cities
Liechtenstein: German (official), Alemannic dialect
Lithuania: Lithuanian (official), Polish, Russian
Luxembourg: Luxembourgish (national language), German (administrative language), French (administrative language)
Macau: Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: Macedonian 70%, Albanian 21%, Turkish 3%, Serbo-Croatian 3%, other 3%
Madagascar: French (official), Malagasy (official)
Malawi: English (official), Chichewa (official), other languages important regionally
Malaysia: Bahasa Melayu (official), English, Chinese dialects (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai; note - in addition, in East Malaysia several indigenous languages are spoken, the largest of which are Iban and Kadazan
Maldives: Maldivian Dhivehi (dialect of Sinhala, script derived from Arabic), English spoken by most government officials
Mali: French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages
Malta: Maltese (official), English (official)
Man, Isle of: English, Manx Gaelic
Marshall Islands: English (universally spoken and is the official language), two major Marshallese dialects from the Malayo-Polynesian family, Japanese
Martinique: French, Creole patois
Mauritania: Hasaniya Arabic (official), Pular, Soninke, Wolof (official), French
Mauritius: English (official), Creole, French, Hindi, Urdu, Hakka, Bojpoori
Mayotte: Mahorian (a Swahili dialect), French (official language) spoken by 35% of the population
Mexico: Spanish, various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional indigenous languages
Micronesia, Federated States of: English (official and common language), Trukese, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Kosrean
Moldova: Moldovan (official, virtually the same as the Romanian language), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect)
Monaco: French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque
Mongolia: Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian (1999)
Montserrat: English
Morocco: Arabic (official), Berber dialects, French often the language of business, government, and diplomacy
Mozambique: Portuguese (official), indigenous dialects
Namibia: English 7% (official), Afrikaans common language of most of the population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%, indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama
Nauru: Nauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes
Nepal: Nepali (official; spoken by 90% of the population), about a dozen other languages and about 30 major dialects; note - many in government and business also speak English (1995)
Netherlands: Dutch
Netherlands Antilles: Dutch (official), Papiamento (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect) predominates, English widely spoken, Spanish
New Caledonia: French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects
New Zealand: English (official), Maori
Nicaragua: Spanish (official)
note: English and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast
Niger: French (official), Hausa, Djerma
Nigeria: English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani
Niue: Polynesian closely related to Tongan and Samoan, English
Norfolk Island: English (official), Norfolk a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian
Northern Mariana Islands: English, Chamorro, Carolinian
note: 86% of population speaks a language other than English at home
Norway: Norwegian (official)
note: small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
Oman: Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects
Pakistan: Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official and lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8%
Palau: English and Palauan official in all states except Sonsoral (Sonsorolese and English are official), Tobi (Tobi and English are official), and Angaur (Angaur, Japanese, and English are official)
Panama: Spanish (official), English 14%
note: many Panamanians bilingual
Papua New Guinea: English spoken by 1%-2%, pidgin English widespread, Motu spoken in Papua region
note: 715 indigenous languages
Paraguay: Spanish (official), Guarani (official)
Peru: Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara
Philippines: two official languages - Filipino (based on Tagalog) and English, eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocan, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinense
Pitcairn Islands: English (official), Pitcairnese (mixture of an 18th century English dialect and a Tahitian dialect)
Poland: Polish
Portugal: Portuguese
Puerto Rico: Spanish, English
Qatar: Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language
Reunion: French (official), Creole widely used
Romania: Romanian, Hungarian, German
Russia: Russian, other
Rwanda: Kinyarwanda (official) universal Bantu vernacular, French (official), English (official), Kiswahili (Swahili) used in commercial centers
Saint Helena: English
Saint Kitts and Nevis: English
Saint Lucia: English (official), French patois
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: French
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: English, French patois
Samoa: Samoan (Polynesian), English
San Marino: Italian
Sao Tome and Principe: Portuguese (official)
Saudi Arabia: Arabic
Senegal: French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka
Seychelles: English (official), French (official), Creole
Sierra Leone: English (official, regular use limited to literate minority), Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne (principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole, spoken by the descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language for 10% of the population but understood by 95%)
Singapore: Chinese (official), Malay (official and national), Tamil (official), English (official)
Slovakia: Slovak (official), Hungarian
Slovenia: Slovenian 91%, Serbo-Croatian 6%, other 3%
Solomon Islands: Melanesian pidgin in much of the country is lingua franca, English spoken by 1%-2% of population
note: 120 indigenous languages
Somalia: Somali (official), Arabic, Italian, English
South Africa: 11 official languages, including Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Pedi, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu
Spain: Castilian Spanish (official) 74%, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2%
Sri Lanka: Sinhala (official and national language) 74%, Tamil (national language) 18%, other 8%
note: English is commonly used in government and is spoken competently by about 10% of the population
Sudan: Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English
note: program of "Arabization" in process
Suriname: Dutch (official), English (widely spoken), Sranang Tongo (Surinamese, sometimes called Taki-Taki, is native language of Creoles and much of the younger population and is lingua franca among others), Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Javanese
Svalbard: Russian, Norwegian
Swaziland: English (official, government business conducted in English), siSwati (official)
Sweden: Swedish
note: small Lapp- and Finnish-speaking minorities
Switzerland: German (official) 63.7%, French (official) 19.2%, Italian (official) 7.6%, Romansch 0.6%, other 8.9%
Syria: Arabic (official); Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian widely understood; French, English somewhat understood
Tajikistan: Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business
Tanzania: Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguju (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages
note: Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people living in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili is Bantu in structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety of sources, including Arabic and English, and it has become the lingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages
Thailand: Thai, English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialects
Togo: French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)
Tokelau: Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English
Tonga: Tongan, English
Trinidad and Tobago: English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish, Chinese
Tunisia: Arabic (official and one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce)
Turkey: Turkish (official), Kurdish, Arabic, Armenian, Greek
Turkmenistan: Turkmen 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%
Turks and Caicos Islands: English (official)
Tuvalu: Tuvaluan, English
Uganda: English (official national language, taught in grade schools, used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred for native language publications in the capital and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic
Ukraine: Ukrainian, Russian, Romanian, Polish, Hungarian
United Arab Emirates: Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu
United Kingdom: English, Welsh (about 26% of the population of Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland)
United States: English, Spanish (spoken by a sizable minority)
Uruguay: Spanish, Portunol, or Brazilero (Portuguese-Spanish mix on the Brazilian frontier)
Uzbekistan: Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%
Vanuatu: English (official), French (official), pidgin (known as Bislama or Bichelama)
Venezuela: Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects
Vietnam: Vietnamese (official), English (increasingly favored as a second language), some French, Chinese, and Khmer; mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)
Virgin Islands: English (official), Spanish, Creole
Wallis and Futuna: French, Wallisian (indigenous Polynesian language)
West Bank: Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers and many Palestinians), English (widely understood)
Western Sahara: Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic
Yemen: Arabic
Yugoslavia: Serbian 95%, Albanian 5%
Zambia: English (official), major vernaculars - Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages
Zimbabwe: English (official), Shona, Sindebele (the language of the Ndebele, sometimes called Ndebele), numerous but minor tribal dialects
Taiwan: Mandarin Chinese (official), Taiwanese (Min), Hakka dialects
======================================================================
@Legal system
Afghanistan: a new legal system has not been adopted but all factions tacitly agree they will follow Shari'a (Islamic law)
Albania: has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Algeria: socialist, based on French and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials, including several Supreme Court justices; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
American Samoa: NA
Andorra: based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Angola: based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law; recently modified to accommodate political pluralism and increased use of free markets
Anguilla: based on English common law
Antarctica: Antarctica is administered through meetings of the consultative member nations. Decisions from these meetings are carried out by these member nations (within their areas) in accordance with their own national laws. US law, including certain criminal offenses by or against US nationals, such as murder, may apply extra-territorially. Some US laws directly apply to Antarctica. For example, the Antarctic Conservation Act, 16 U.S.C. section 2401 et seq., provides civil and criminal penalties for the following activities, unless authorized by regulation of statute: the taking of native mammals or birds; the introduction of nonindigenous plants and animals; entry into specially protected areas; the discharge or disposal of pollutants; and the importation into the US of certain items from Antarctica. Violation of the Antarctic Conservation Act carries penalties of up to $10,000 in fines and one year in prison. The National Science Foundation and Department of Justice share enforcement responsibilities. Public Law 95-541, the US Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978, as amended in 1996, requires expeditions from the US to Antarctica to notify, in advance, the Office of Oceans and Polar Affairs, Room 5801, Department of State, Washington, DC 20520, which reports such plans to other nations as required by the Antarctic Treaty. For more information, contact Permit Office, Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation, Arlington, Virginia 22230; telephone: (703) 292-8030, or see their website at www.nsf.gov.
Antigua and Barbuda: based on English common law
Argentina: mixture of US and West European legal systems; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Armenia: based on civil law system
Aruba: based on Dutch civil law system, with some English common law influence
Ashmore and Cartier Islands: the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply
Australia: based on English common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Austria: civil law system with Roman law origin; judicial review of legislative acts by the Constitutional Court; separate administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Azerbaijan: based on civil law system
Bahamas, The: based on English common law
Bahrain: based on Islamic law and English common law
Baker Island: the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Bangladesh: based on English common law
Barbados: English common law; no judicial review of legislative acts
Bassas da India: the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Belarus: based on civil law system
Belgium: civil law system influenced by English constitutional theory; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Belize: English law
Benin: based on French civil law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Bermuda: English law
Bhutan: based on Indian law and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Bolivia: based on Spanish law and Napoleonic Code; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Bosnia and Herzegovina: based on civil law system
Botswana: based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Bouvet Island: the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply
Brazil: based on Roman codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
British Indian Ocean Territory: the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply
British Virgin Islands: English law
Brunei: based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas
Bulgaria: civil law and criminal law based on Roman law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Burkina Faso: based on French civil law system and customary law
Burma: has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Burundi: based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Cambodia: primarily a civil law mixture of French-influenced codes from the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) period, royal decrees, and acts of the legislature, with influences of customary law and remnants of communist legal theory; increasing influence of common law in recent years
Cameroon: based on French civil law system, with common law influence; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Canada: based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on French law prevails; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Cape Verde: derived from the legal system of Portugal
Cayman Islands: British common law and local statutes
Central African Republic: based on French law
Chad: based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Chile: based on Code of 1857 derived from Spanish law and subsequent codes influenced by French and Austrian law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
China: a complex amalgam of custom and statute, largely criminal law; rudimentary civil code in effect since 1 January 1987; new legal codes in effect since 1 January 1980; continuing efforts are being made to improve civil, administrative, criminal, and commercial law
Christmas Island: under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law
Clipperton Island: the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: based upon the laws of Australia and local laws
Colombia: based on Spanish law; a new criminal code modeled after US procedures was enacted in 1992-93; judicial review of executive and legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Comoros: French and Muslim law in a new consolidated code
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: based on Belgian civil law system and tribal law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Congo, Republic of the: based on French civil law system and customary law
Cook Islands: based on New Zealand law and English common law
Coral Sea Islands: the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply
Costa Rica: based on Spanish civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Cote d'Ivoire: based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review in the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Croatia: based on civil law system
Cuba: based on Spanish and American law, with large elements of Communist legal theory; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Cyprus: based on common law, with civil law modifications
Czech Republic: civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; legal code modified to bring it in line with Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) obligations and to expunge Marxist-Leninist legal theory
Denmark: civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Djibouti: based on French civil law system, traditional practices, and Islamic law
Dominica: based on English common law
Dominican Republic: based on French civil codes
Ecuador: based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Egypt: based on English common law, Islamic law, and Napoleonic codes; judicial review by Supreme Court and Council of State (oversees validity of administrative decisions); accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
El Salvador: based on civil and Roman law, with traces of common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Equatorial Guinea: partly based on Spanish civil law and tribal custom
Eritrea: operates on the basis of transitional laws that incorporate pre-independence statutes of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front, revised Ethiopian laws, customary laws, and post independence enacted laws
Estonia: based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts
Ethiopia: currently transitional mix of national and regional courts
Europa Island: the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): English common law
Faroe Islands: Danish
Fiji: based on British system
Finland: civil law system based on Swedish law; Supreme Court may request legislation interpreting or modifying laws; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
France: civil law system with indigenous concepts; review of administrative but not legislative acts
French Guiana: French legal system
French Polynesia: based on French system
French Southern and Antarctic Lands: the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Gabon: based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Gambia, The: based on a composite of English common law, Koranic law, and customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Georgia: based on civil law system
Germany: civil law system with indigenous concepts; judicial review of legislative acts in the Federal Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Ghana: based on English common law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Gibraltar: English law
Glorioso Islands: the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Greece: based on codified Roman law; judiciary divided into civil, criminal, and administrative courts
Greenland: Danish
Grenada: based on English common law
Guadeloupe: French legal system
Guam: modeled on US; US federal laws apply
Guatemala: civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Guernsey: English law and local statute; justice is administered by the Royal Court
Guinea: based on French civil law system, customary law, and decree; legal codes currently being revised; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Guinea-Bissau: NA
Guyana: based on English common law with certain admixtures of Roman-Dutch law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Haiti: based on Roman civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Heard Island and McDonald Islands: the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply
Holy See (Vatican City): NA
Honduras: rooted in Roman and Spanish civil law with increasing influence of English common law; recent judicial reforms include abandoning Napoleonic legal codes in favor of the oral adversarial system; accepts ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Hong Kong: based on English common law
Howland Island: the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Hungary: rule of law based on Western model
Iceland: civil law system based on Danish law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
India: based on English common law; limited judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Indonesia: based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts and by new criminal procedures code; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Iran: the Constitution codifies Islamic principles of government
Iraq: based on Islamic law in special religious courts, civil law system elsewhere; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Ireland: based on English common law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Israel: mixture of English common law, British Mandate regulations, and, in personal matters, Jewish, Christian, and Muslim legal systems; in December 1985, Israel informed the UN Secretariat that it would no longer accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Italy: based on civil law system; appeals treated as new trials; judicial review under certain conditions in Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Jamaica: based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Jan Mayen: the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply
Japan: modeled after European civil law system with English-American influence; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Jarvis Island: the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Jersey: English law and local statute
Johnston Atoll: the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Jordan: based on Islamic law and French codes; judicial review of legislative acts in a specially provided High Tribunal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Juan de Nova Island: the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Kazakhstan: based on civil law system
Kenya: based on English common law, tribal law, and Islamic law; judicial review in High Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations; constitutional amendment of 1982 making Kenya a de jure one-party state repealed in 1991
Kingman Reef: the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Kiribati: NA
Korea, North: based on German civil law system with Japanese influences and Communist legal theory; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Korea, South: combines elements of continental European civil law systems, Anglo-American law, and Chinese classical thought
Kuwait: civil law system with Islamic law significant in personal matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Kyrgyzstan: based on civil law system
Laos: based on traditional customs, French legal norms and procedures, and Socialist practice
Latvia: based on civil law system
Lebanon: mixture of Ottoman law, canon law, Napoleonic code, and civil law; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Lesotho: based on English common law and Roman-Dutch law; judicial review of legislative acts in High Court and Court of Appeal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Liberia: dual system of statutory law based on Anglo-American common law for the modern sector and customary law based on unwritten tribal practices for indigenous sector
Libya: based on Italian civil law system and Islamic law; separate religious courts; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Liechtenstein: local civil and penal codes; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Lithuania: based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts
Luxembourg: based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Macau: based on Portuguese civil law system
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts
Madagascar: based on French civil law system and traditional Malagasy law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Malawi: based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Malaysia: based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court at request of supreme head of the federation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Maldives: based on Islamic law with admixtures of English common law primarily in commercial matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Mali: based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court (which was formally established on 9 March 1994); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Malta: based on English common law and Roman civil law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Man, Isle of: English common law and Manx statute
Marshall Islands: based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws
Martinique: French legal system
Mauritania: a combination of Shari'a (Islamic law) and French civil law
Mauritius: based on French civil law system with elements of English common law in certain areas
Mayotte: French law
Mexico: mixture of US constitutional theory and civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Micronesia, Federated States of: based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws
Midway Islands: the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Moldova: based on civil law system; Constitutional Court reviews legality of legislative acts and governmental decisions of resolution; it is unclear if Moldova accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction but accepts many UN and Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) documents
Monaco: based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Mongolia: blend of Russian, Chinese, Turkish, and Western systems of law that combines aspects of a parliamentary system with some aspects of a presidential system; constitution ambiguous on judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Montserrat: English common law and statutory law
Morocco: based on Islamic law and French and Spanish civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of Supreme Court
Mozambique: based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law
Namibia: based on Roman-Dutch law and 1990 constitution
Nauru: acts of the Nauru Parliament and British common law
Navassa Island: the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Nepal: based on Hindu legal concepts and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Netherlands: civil law system incorporating French penal theory; constitution does not permit judicial review of acts of the States General; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Netherlands Antilles: based on Dutch civil law system, with some English common law influence
New Caledonia: the 1988 Matignon Accords grant substantial autonomy to the islands; formerly under French law
New Zealand: based on English law, with special land legislation and land courts for Maoris; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Nicaragua: civil law system; Supreme Court may review administrative acts
Niger: based on French civil law system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Nigeria: based on English common law, Islamic Shariah law (only in some northern states), and traditional law
Niue: English common law
Norfolk Island: based on the laws of Australia, local ordinances and acts; English common law applies in matters not covered by either Australian or Norfolk Island law
Northern Mariana Islands: based on US system, except for customs, wages, immigration laws, and taxation
Norway: mixture of customary law, civil law system, and common law traditions; Supreme Court renders advisory opinions to legislature when asked; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Oman: based on English common law and Islamic law; ultimate appeal to the monarch; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Pakistan: based on English common law with provisions to accommodate Pakistan's status as an Islamic state; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Palau: based on Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws
Palmyra Atoll: the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Panama: based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Justice; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Papua New Guinea: based on English common law
Paraguay: based on Argentine codes, Roman law, and French codes; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court of Justice
Peru: based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Philippines: based on Spanish and Anglo-American law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Pitcairn Islands: local island by-laws
Poland: mixture of Continental (Napoleonic) civil law and holdover communist legal theory; changes being gradually introduced as part of broader democratization process; limited judicial review of legislative acts although under the new constitution, the Constitutional Tribunal ruling will become final as of October 1999; court decisions can be appealed to the European Court of Justice in Strasbourg
Portugal: civil law system; the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the constitutionality of legislation; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Puerto Rico: based on Spanish civil code
Qatar: discretionary system of law controlled by the amir, although civil codes are being implemented; Islamic law is significant in personal matters
Reunion: French law
Romania: former mixture of civil law system and communist legal theory; is now based on the constitution of France's Fifth Republic
Russia: based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts
Rwanda: based on German and Belgian civil law systems and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Saint Helena: NA
Saint Kitts and Nevis: based on English common law
Saint Lucia: based on English common law
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: French law with special adaptations for local conditions, such as housing and taxation
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: based on English common law
Samoa: based on English common law and local customs; judicial review of legislative acts with respect to fundamental rights of the citizen; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
San Marino: based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Sao Tome and Principe: based on Portuguese legal system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Saudi Arabia: based on Islamic law, several secular codes have been introduced; commercial disputes handled by special committees; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Senegal: based on French civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court; the Council of State audits the government's accounting office; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Seychelles: based on English common law, French civil law, and customary law
Sierra Leone: based on English law and customary laws indigenous to local tribes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Singapore: based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Slovakia: civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; legal code modified to comply with the obligations of Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and to expunge Marxist-Leninist legal theory
Slovenia: based on civil law system
Solomon Islands: English common law
Somalia: NA
South Africa: based on Roman-Dutch law and English common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands: the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply
Spain: civil law system, with regional applications; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Sri Lanka: a highly complex mixture of English common law, Roman-Dutch, Muslim, Sinhalese, and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Sudan: based on English common law and Islamic law; as of 20 January 1991, the now defunct Revolutionary Command Council imposed Islamic law in the northern states; Islamic law applies to all residents of the northern states regardless of their religion; some separate religious courts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Suriname: based on Dutch legal system incorporating French penal theory
Svalbard: NA
Swaziland: based on South African Roman-Dutch law in statutory courts and Swazi traditional law and custom in traditional courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Sweden: civil law system influenced by customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Switzerland: civil law system influenced by customary law; judicial review of legislative acts, except with respect to federal decrees of general obligatory character; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Syria: based on Islamic law and civil law system; special religious courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Tajikistan: based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts
Tanzania: based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Thailand: based on civil law system, with influences of common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Togo: French-based court system
Tokelau: British and local statutes
Tonga: based on English law
Trinidad and Tobago: based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Tromelin Island: the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Tunisia: based on French civil law system and Islamic law; some judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court in joint session
Turkey: derived from various European continental legal systems; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Turkmenistan: based on civil law system
Turks and Caicos Islands: based on laws of England and Wales, with a small number adopted from Jamaica and The Bahamas
Tuvalu: NA
Uganda: in 1995, the government restored the legal system to one based on English common law and customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Ukraine: based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts
United Arab Emirates: federal court system introduced in 1971; all emirates except Dubayy (Dubai) and Ra's al Khaymah have joined the federal system; all emirates have secular and Islamic law for civil, criminal, and high courts
United Kingdom: common law tradition with early Roman and modern continental influences; no judicial review of Acts of Parliament; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations; British courts and legislation are increasingly subject to review by European Union courts
United States: based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Uruguay: based on Spanish civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Uzbekistan: evolution of Soviet civil law; still lacks independent judicial system
Vanuatu: unified system being created from former dual French and British systems
Venezuela: based on organic laws as of July 1999; open, adversarial court system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Vietnam: based on communist legal theory and French civil law system
Virgin Islands: based on US laws
Wake Island: the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Wallis and Futuna: French legal system
World: all members of the UN plus Switzerland are parties to the statute that established the International Court of Justice (ICJ) or World Court
Yemen: based on Islamic law, Turkish law, English common law, and local tribal customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Yugoslavia: based on civil law system
Zambia: based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Zimbabwe: mixture of Roman-Dutch and English common law
Taiwan: based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
======================================================================
@Legislative branch
Afghanistan: non-functioning as of June 1993
Albania: unicameral People's Assembly or Kuvendi Popullor (155 seats; most members are elected by direct popular vote and some by proportional vote for four-year terms)
elections: last held 29 June 1997 (next held 24 June 2001, 2nd round 8 July 2001)
election results: percent of vote by party - PS 53.36%, PD 25.33%, PSD 2.5%, PBDNJ 2.78%, PBK 2.36%, PAD 2.85%, PR 2.25%, PLL 3.09%, PDK 1.00%, PBSD 0.84%; seats by party - PS 101, PD 27, PSD 8, PBDNJ 4, PBK 3, PAD 2, PR 2, PLL 2, PDK 1, PBSD 1, PUK 1, independents 3
Algeria: bicameral Parliament consists of the National People's Assembly or Al-Majlis Ech-Chaabi Al-Watani (380 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Council of Nations (144 seats; one-third of the members appointed by the president, two-thirds elected by indirect vote; members serve six-year terms; the constitution requires half the council to be renewed every three years)
elections: National People's Assembly - last held 5 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); Council of Nations - last held 30 December 2000 (next to be held NA 2003)
election results: National People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - RND 40.8%, MSP 18.2%, FLN 16.8%, Nahda Movement 8.9%, FFS 5%, RCD 5%, PT 1.1%, Progressive Republican Party 0.8%, Union for Democracy and Liberty 0.3%, Social Liberal Party 0.3%, independents 2.8%; seats by party - RND 155, MSP 69, FLN 64, Nahda Movement 34, FFS 19, RCD 19, PT 4, Progressive Republican Party 3, Union for Democracy and Liberty 1, Social Liberal Party 1, independents 11; Council of Nations - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RND 79, FLN 12, FFS 4, MSP 1 (remaining 48 seats appointed by the president, party breakdown NA)
American Samoa: bicameral Fono or Legislative Assembly consists of the House of Representatives (21 seats - 20 of which are elected by popular vote and 1 is an appointed, nonvoting delegate from Swains Island; members serve two-year terms) and the Senate (18 seats; members are elected from local chiefs and serve four-year terms)
elections: House of Representatives - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2002); Senate - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2004)
election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; note - only independents elected
note: American Samoa elects one delegate to the US House of Representatives; election last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2002); results - Eni F. H. FALEOMAVAEGA (Democrat) reelected as delegate for a sixth term
Andorra: unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell General de las Valls (28 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote, 14 from a single national constituency and 14 to represent each of the 7 parishes; members serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 16 February 1997 (next to be held NA February 2001)
election results: percent of vote by party - UL 57%, AND 21%, IDN 7%, ND 7%, other 8%; seats by party - UL 16, AND 6, ND 2, IDN 2, UPO 2
Angola: unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members elected by proportional vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 29-30 September 1992 (next to be held NA)
election results: percent of vote by party - MPLA 54%, UNITA 34%, others 12%; seats by party - MPLA 129, UNITA 70, PRS 6, FNLA 5, PLD 3, others 7
Anguilla: unicameral House of Assembly (11 seats total, 7 elected by direct popular vote, 2 ex officio members and 2 appointed; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 3 March 2000 (next to be held NA March 2005)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UF 4, AUM 2, independent 1
Antigua and Barbuda: bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (17-member body appointed by the governor general) and the House of Representatives (17 seats; members are elected by proportional representation to serve five-year terms)
elections: House of Representatives - last held 9 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - ALP 12, UPP 4, independent 1
Argentina: bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Senate (72 seats; formerly, three members appointed by each of the provincial legislatures; presently transitioning to one-third of the members being elected every two years to six-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies (257 seats; one-half of the members elected every two years to four-year terms)
elections: Senate - transition phase will begin in the 2001 elections when all seats will be fully contested; winners will randomly draw to determine whether they will serve a two-year, four-year, or full six-year term, beginning a rotating cycle renovating one-third of the body every two years; Chamber of Deputies - last held 24 October 1999 (next to be held NA October 2001)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by bloc or party - NA%; seats by bloc or party - Peronist 40, UCR 20, Frepaso 1, other 11; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by bloc or party - NA%; seats by bloc or party - Alliance 124 (UCR 85, Frepaso 36, others 3), Peronist 101, AR 12, other 20
Armenia: unicameral National Assembly (Parliament) or Azgayin Zhoghov (131 seats; members serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 30 May 1999 (next to be held in the spring of 2003)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - unity bloc 61 (Republican Party 41, People's Party of Armenia 20), Stability Group (independent Armenian deputies who have formed a bloc) 21, ACP 10, ARF (Dashnak) 8, Law and Unity Party 7, NDU 6, Law-Governed Party 6, independents 10, unfilled 2; note - seats by party change frequently
Aruba: unicameral Legislature or Staten (21 seats; members elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 12 December 1997 (next to be held by NA December 2001)
election results: percent of vote by party - AVP 43%, MEP 39%, OLA 9% PPA 4%, ADN 2%, PARA 1%, MAS 0.5%; seats by party - AVP 10, MEP 9, OLA 2
Australia: bicameral Federal Parliament consists of the Senate (76 seats - 12 from each of the six states and two from each of the two territories; one-half of the members elected every three years by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and the House of Representatives (148 seats; members elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve three-year terms; no state can have fewer than five representatives)
elections: Senate - last held 3 October 1998 (next to be held by October 2001); House of Representatives - last held 3 October 1998 (next to be held by October 2001)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Liberal Party-National Party coalition 35, Australian Labor Party 29, Australian Democratic Party 9, Green Party 1, One Nation Party 1, independent 1; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Liberal Party-National Party coalition 80, Australian Labor Party 67, independent 1
Austria: bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung consists of Federal Council or Bundesrat (64 members; members represent each of the states on the basis of population, but with each state having at least three representatives; members serve a four- or six-year term) and the National Council or Nationalrat (183 seats; members elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: National Council - last held 3 October 1999 (next to be held in the fall of 2003)
election results: National Council - percent of vote by party - SPOe 33.2%, OeVP 26.9%, FPOe 26.9%, Greens 7.4%; seats by party - SPOe 65, OeVP 52, FPOe 52, Greens 14
Azerbaijan: unicameral National Assembly or Milli Mejlis (125 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 4 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2005)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NAP and allies 108, APF 6, CSP 3, PNIA 2, Musavat Party 2, CPA 2, APF "traditionalist" 1, Compatriot Party 1
Bahamas, The: bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (16-member body appointed by the governor general upon the advice of the prime minister and the opposition leader for five-year terms) and the House of Assembly (40 seats; members elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 14 March 1997 (next to be held by March 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FNM 35, PLP 5
Bahrain: unicameral National Assembly was dissolved 26 August 1975 and legislative powers were assumed by the Cabinet; appointed Advisory Council established 16 December 1992; the National Action Charter created a bicameral legislature on 23 December 2000; approved by referendum of 14 February 2001
Bangladesh: unicameral National Parliament or Jatiya Sangsad (330 seats; 300 elected by popular vote from single territorial constituencies, 30 seats reserved for women; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 12 June 1996 (next to be held before 13 October 2001)
election results: percent of vote by party - AL 33.87%, BNP 30.87%; seats by party - AL 178, BNP 113, JP 33, JI 3, other 3; note - the elections of 12 June 1996 brought to power an Awami League government for the first time in twenty-one years; held under a neutral, caretaker administration, the elections were characterized by a peaceful, orderly process and massive voter turnout, ending a bitter two-year impasse between the former BNP and opposition parties that had paralyzed National Parliament and led to widespread street violence
Barbados: bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (21-member body appointed by the governor general) and the House of Assembly (28 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: House of Assembly - last held 20 January 1999 (next to be held by January 2004)
election results: House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - BLP 26, DLP 2
Belarus: bicameral Parliament or Natsionalnoye Sobranie consists of the Council of the Republic or Soviet Respubliki (64 seats) and the Chamber of Representatives or Palata Pretsaviteley (110 seats)
elections: last held October 2000 (next to be held NA)
election results: party affiliation data unavailable; under present political conditions party designations are meaningless
Belgium: bicameral Parliament consists of a Senate or Senaat in Dutch, Senat in French (71 seats; 40 members are directly elected by popular vote, 31 are indirectly elected; members serve four-year terms) and a Chamber of Deputies or Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers in Dutch, Chambre des Representants in French (150 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms)
elections: Senate and Chamber of Deputies - last held 13 June 1999 (next to be held in NA 2003)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - VLD 15.4%, CVP 14.7%, PRL 10.6%, PS 9.7%, VB 9.4%, SP 8.9%, ECOLO 7.4%, AGALEV 7.1%, PSC 6.0%, VU 5.1%; seats by party - VLD 11, CVP 10, PS 10, PRL 9, VB 6, SP 6, ECOLO 6, AGALEV 5, PSC 5, VU 3; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - VLD 14.3%, CVP 14.1%, PS 10.2%, PRL 10.1%, VB 9.9%, SP 9.5%, ECOLO 7.4%, AGALEV 7.0%, PSC 5.9%, VU 5.6%; seats by party - VLD 23, CVP 22, PS 19, PRL 18, VB 15, SP 14, ECOLO 11, PSC 10, AGALEV 9, VU 8, FN 1
note: as a result of the 1993 constitutional revision that furthered devolution into a federal state, there are now three levels of government (federal, regional, and linguistic community) with a complex division of responsibilities; this reality leaves six governments each with its own legislative assembly; for other acronyms of the listed parties see Political parties and leaders
Belize: bicameral National Assembly consists of the Senate (eight members, five appointed on the advice of the prime minister, two on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and one by the governor general; members are appointed for five-year terms); and the House of Representatives (29 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: House of Representatives - last held 27 August 1998 (next to be held by NA August 2003)
election results: percent of vote by party - PUP 59.2%, UDP 40.8%; seats by party - PUP 26, UDP 3
Benin: unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (83 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 30 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2003)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RB 27, PRD 11, FARD-ALAFIA 10, PSD 9, MADEP 6, E'toile 4, Alliance IPD 4, Car-DUNYA 3, MERCI 2, other 7
Bermuda: bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (an 11-member body appointed by the governor) and the House of Assembly (40 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 9 November 1998 (next to be held NA November 2003)
election results: percent of vote by party - PLP 54%, UBP 44%, NLP 1%, independents 1%; seats by party - PLP 26, UBP 14
Bhutan: unicameral National Assembly or Tshogdu (150 seats; 105 elected from village constituencies, 10 represent religious bodies, and 35 are designated by the monarch to represent government and other secular interests; members serve three-year terms)
elections: last held NA (next to be held NA)
election results: NA
Bolivia: bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (27 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (130 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms; note - some members are drawn from party lists, thus not directly elected)
elections: Chamber of Senators and Chamber of Deputies - last held 1 June 1997 (next to be held NA June 2002)
election results: Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - ADN 11, MIR 7, MNR 4, CONDEPA 3, UCS 2; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - ADN 32, MNR 26, MIR 23, UCS 21, CONDEPA 19, MBL 5, IU 4
Bosnia and Herzegovina: bicameral Parliamentary Assembly or Skupstina consists of the National House of Representatives or Predstavnicki Dom (42 seats - 14 Serb, 14 Croat, and 14 Bosniak; members elected by popular vote to serve two-year terms) and the House of Peoples or Dom Naroda (15 seats - 5 Bosniak, 5 Croat, 5 Serb; members elected by the Bosniak/Croat Federation's House of Representatives and the Republika Srpska's National Assembly to serve two-year terms); note - as of 1 January 2001, Bosnia and Herzegovina does not have a permanent election law; a draft law specifies four-year terms for the state and first-order administrative division entity legislatures; officials elected in 2000 were elected to two-year terms on the presumption that a permanent law would be in place before 2002
elections: National House of Representatives - elections last held 11 November 2000 (next to be held in the fall of 2002); House of Peoples - last constituted after the 11 November 2000 elections (next to be constituted in the fall of 2002)
election results: National House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA%; seats by party/coalition - SDP 9, SDA 8, SDS 6, HDZ-BiH 5, SBH 5, PDP 2, NHI 1, BPS 1, DPS 1, SNS 1, SNSD-DSP 1, DNZ 1, SPRS 1; House of Peoples - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA%; seats by party/coalition - NA
note: the Bosniak/Croat Federation has a bicameral legislature that consists of a House of Representatives (140 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms); elections last held 11 November 2000 (next to be held NA 2002); percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party/coalition - SDA 38, SDP 37, HDZ-BiH 25, SBH 21, DNZ 3, NHI 2, BPS 2, DPS 2, BOSS 2, GDS 1, RP 1, HSS 1, LDS 1, Pensioners' Party of FBiH 1, SNSD-DSP 1, HKDU 1, HSP 1; and a House of Peoples (74 seats - 30 Bosniak, 30 Croat, and 14 others); last constituted November 2000; the Republika Srpska has a National Assembly (83 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms); elections last held 11 November 2000 (next to be held NA 2002); percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party/coalition - SDS 31, PDP 11, SNSD 11, SDA 6, DSP 4, SDP 4, SPRS 4, SBH 4, DNS 3, SNS 2, NHI 1, DSRS 1, Pensioners' Party 1; as of 1 January 2001, Bosnia and Herzegovina does not have a permanent election law; a draft law specifies four-year terms for the state and first-order administrative division entity legislatures; officials elected in 2000 were elected to two-year terms on the presumption that a permanent law would be in place before 2002
Botswana: bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Chiefs (a largely advisory 15-member body consisting of the chiefs of the eight principal tribes, four elected subchiefs, and three members selected by the other 12) and the National Assembly (44 seats, 40 members are directly elected by popular vote and 4 appointed by the majority party; members serve five-year terms)
elections: National Assembly elections last held 16 October 1999 (next to be held NA October 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - BDP 57.2%, BNF 26%, other 16.8%; seats by party - BDP 33, BNF 6, other 1
Brazil: bicameral National Congress or Congresso Nacional consists of the Federal Senate or Senado Federal (81 seats; three members from each state or federal district elected according to the principle of majority to serve eight-year terms; one-third elected after a four year period, two-thirds elected after the next four-year period) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara dos Deputados (513 seats; members are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms)
elections: Federal Senate - last held 4 October 1998 for one-third of Senate (next to be held NA October 2002 for two-thirds of the Senate); Chamber of Deputies - last held 4 October 1998 (next to be held NA October 2002)
election results: Federal Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PMDB 27, PFL 20, PSDB 16, PT 7, PPB 5, PSB 3, PDT 2, PPS 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PFL 106, PSDB 99, PMDB 82, PPB 60, PT 58, PTB 31, PDT 25, PSB 19, PL 12, PCdoB 7, other 14
British Virgin Islands: unicameral Legislative Council (13 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote, one member from each of 9 electoral districts, four at-large members; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 17 May 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - VIP 7, CCM 1, NDP 5
Brunei: unicameral Legislative Council or Majlis Masyuarat Megeri (a privy council that serves only in a consultative capacity; NA seats; members appointed by the monarch)
elections: last held in March 1962
note: in 1970 the Council was changed to an appointive body by decree of the monarch; an elected Legislative Council is being considered as part of constitutional reform, but elections are unlikely for several years
Bulgaria: unicameral National Assembly or Narodno Sobranie (240 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 17 June 2001 (next to be held NA June 2005)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - National Movement for Simeon II 120, UDF 51, BSP 48, DPS 21
Burkina Faso: bicameral; consists of a National Assembly or Assemblee des Deputes Populaires (111 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the purely consultative Chamber of Representations or Chambre des Representants (178 seats; members are appointed to serve three-year terms)
elections: National Assembly election last held 11 May 1997 (next to be held NA 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CDP 101, PDP 6, RDA 2, ADF 2
Burma: unicameral People's Assembly or Pyithu Hluttaw (485 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 27 May 1990, but Assembly never convened
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NLD 392, SNLD 23, NUP 10, other 60
Burundi: unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (121 seats; note - new Transitional Constitution expanded the number of seats from 81 to 121 in 1998; members are elected by popular vote on a proportional basis to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 29 June 1993 (next was scheduled to be held in 1998, but suspended by presidential decree in 1996)
election results: percent of vote by party - FRODEBU 71.04%, UPRONA 21.4%, other 7.56%; seats by party - FRODEBU 65, UPRONA 16, various other parties 40
Cambodia: bicameral consists of the National Assembly (122 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Senate (61 seats; two members appointed by the monarch, two elected by the National Assembly, and 57 elected by "functional constituencies"; members serve five-year terms
elections: National Assembly - last held 26 July 1998 (next to be held NA 2003); Senate - last held 2 March 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CPP 41%, FUNCINPEC 32%, SRP 14%, other 13%; seats by party - CPP 64, FUNCINPEC 43, SRP 15; Senate - seats by party - CPP 31, FUNCINPEC 21, SRP 7
Cameroon: unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (180 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms; note - the president can either lengthen or shorten the term of the legislature)
elections: last held 17 May 1997 (next to be held NA 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RDCP 109, SDF 43, UNDP 13, UDC 5, UPC-K 1, MDR 1, MLJC 1; note - results from 7 contested seats were cancelled by the Supreme Court, further elections on 3 August 1997 gave these seats to the RDPC
note: the constitution calls for an upper chamber for the legislature, to be called a Senate, but it has yet to be established
Canada: bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of the Senate or Senat (a body whose members are appointed to serve until reaching 75 years of age by the governor general and selected on the advice of the prime minister; its normal limit is 104 senators) and the House of Commons or Chambre des Communes (301 seats; members elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: House of Commons - last held 27 November 2000 (next to be held 2005)
election results: percent of vote by party as of January 2001 - Liberal Party 42%, Canadian Alliance 22%, Bloc Quebecois 13%, New Democratic Party 4%, Progressive Conservative Party 4%; seats by party as of January 2001 - Liberal Party 172, Canadian Alliance 66, Bloc Quebecois 38, New Democratic Party 13, Progressive Conservative Party 12
Cape Verde: unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (72 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 14 January 2001 (next to be held NA December 2005)
election results: percent of vote by party - PAICV 47.3%, MPD 39.8%, ADM 6%, other 6.9%; seats by party - PAICV 40, MPD 30, ADM 2
Cayman Islands: unicameral Legislative Assembly (18 seats, three appointed members and 15 elected by popular vote; members serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 8 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2004)
election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - NA
Central African Republic: unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (109 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms; note - there were 85 seats in the National Assembly before the 1998 election)
elections: last held 22-23 November and 13 December 1998 (next to be held NA 2003)
election results: percent of vote by party - MLPC 43%, RDC 18%, MDD 9%, FPP 6%, PSD 5%, ADP 4%, PUN 3%, FODEM 2%, PLD 2%, UPR 1%, FC 1%, independents 6%; seats by party - MLPC 47, RDC 20, MDD 8, FPP 7, PSD 6, ADP 5, PUN 3, FODEM 2, PLD 2, UPR 1, FC 1, independents 7
note: the National Assembly is advised by the Economic and Regional Council or Conseil Economique et Regional; when they sit together they are called the Congress or Congres
Chad: unicameral National Assembly (125 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms); replaces the Higher Transitional Council or the Conseil Superieur de Transition
elections: National Assembly - last held in two rounds on 5 January and 23 February 1997 (next to be held in late 2001); in the first round of voting some candidates won clear victories by receiving 50% or more of the vote; where that did not happen, the two highest scoring candidates stood for a second round of voting
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MPS 65, URD 29, UNDR 15, RDP 3, others 13
Chile: bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Senate or Senado (48 seats, 38 elected by popular vote and 10 appointed (all former presidents who served 6 years are senators for life); members serve eight-year terms - one-half elected every four years) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (120 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 11 December 1997 (next to be held NA December 2001); Chamber of Deputies - last held 11 December 1997 (next to be held NA December 2001)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CPD (PDC 14, PS 4, PPD 2), RN 7, UDI 10, UCCP 1, independents 10; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - CPD 50.55% (PDC 22.98%, PS 11.10%, PPD 12.55%, PRSD 3.13%), RN 16.78%, UDI 14.43%; seats by party - CPD 70 (PDC 39, PPD 16, PRSD 4, PS 11), RN 24, UDI 21, Socialist Party 1, right-wing independents 4
China: unicameral National People's Congress or Quanguo Renmin Daibiao Dahui (2,979 seats; members elected by municipal, regional, and provincial people's congresses to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held NA December 1997-NA February 1998 (next to be held late 2002-NA March 2003)
election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - NA
Christmas Island: unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve one-year terms)
elections: last held NA December 2000 (next to be held NA December 2001)
election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: unicameral Cocos (Keeling) Islands Shire Council (NA seats)
Colombia: bicameral Congress or Congreso consists of the Senate or Senado (102 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (163 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 8 March 1998 (next to be held NA March 2002); House of Representatives - last held 8 March 1998 (next to be held NA March 2002)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - PL 50%, PSC 24%, smaller parties (many aligned with conservatives) 26%; seats by party - PL 58, PSC 28, smaller parties 16; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PL 52%, PSC 17%, other 31%; seats by party - PL 98, PSC 52, indigenous parties 2, others 11
Comoros: bicameral legislature consists of the Senate (15 seats: five from each island); members selected by regional councils for six-year terms) and a Federal Assembly or Assemblee Federale (43 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms); note - the Federal Assembly was dissolved following the coup of 30 April 1999
elections: Federal Assembly - last held 1 and 8 December 1996 (next to be held NA)
election results: Federal Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RND 39, FNJ 3, independent 1
note: the constitution stipulates that only parties that win six seats in the Federal Assembly (two from each island) are permitted to be in opposition, but if no party accomplishes that, the second most successful party will be in opposition; in the elections of December 1996 the FNJ appeared to qualify as opposition
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: a 300-member Transitional Constituent Assembly established in August 2000
elections: NA; members of the Transitional Constituent Assembly were appointed by former President KABILA
Congo, Republic of the: unicameral National Transitional Council (75 seats, members elected by reconciliation forum of 1,420 delegates on NA January 1998); note - the National Transitional Council replaced the bicameral Parliament
elections: National Transitional Council - last held NA January 1998 (next to be held NA 2001); note - at that election the National Transitional Council is to be replaced by a bicameral assembly
election results: National Transitional Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA
Cook Islands: unicameral Parliament (25 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held NA June 1999 (next to be held by NA 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CIP 12, DAP 12, NAP 1
note: the House of Ariki (chiefs) advises on traditional matters, but has no legislative powers
Costa Rica: unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa (57 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 1 February 1998 (next to be held 3 February 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party - PUSC 41%, PLN 35%, minority parties 24%; seats by party - PUSC 27, PLN 23, minority parties 7
Cote d'Ivoire: unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (225 seats; members are elected in single- and multi-district elections by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: elections last held 10 December 2000 with by-elections on 14 January 2001 (next to be held NA 2005)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FPI 96, PDCI-RDA 94, RDR 5, PIT 4, other 2, independents 22, vacant 2
note: a Senate is scheduled to be created in the next full election in 2005
Croatia: bicameral Assembly or Sabor consists of the House of Counties or Zupanijski Dom (68 seats, 63 directly elected by popular vote, 5 appointed by the president; members serve four-year terms; note - House of Counties to be abolished in 2001) and House of Representatives or the Zastupnicki Dom (151 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: House of Counties - last held 13 April 1997; House of Representatives - last held 2-3 January 2000 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: House of Counties - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - HDZ 42, HSLS/HSS 11, HSS 2, IDS 2, SDP/PGS/HNS 2, SDP/HNS 2, HSLS/HSS/HNS 1, HSLS 1; note - in some districts certain parties ran as coalitions, while in others they ran alone; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - HDZ 46, SDP 44, HSLS 24, HSS 17, HSP/HKDU 5, IDS 4, HNS 2, independents 4, minority representatives 5
Cuba: unicameral National Assembly of People's Power or Asemblea Nacional del Poder Popular (601 seats, elected directly from slates approved by special candidacy commissions; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 11 January 1998 (next to be held in 2003)
election results: percent of vote - PCC 94.39%; seats - PCC 601
Cyprus: unicameral - Greek Cypriot area: House of Representatives or Vouli Antiprosopon (80 seats; 56 assigned to the Greek Cypriots, 24 to Turkish Cypriots; note - only those assigned to Greek Cypriots are filled; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms); Turkish Cypriot area: Assembly of the Republic or Cumhuriyet Meclisi (50 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: Greek Cypriot area: last held 27 May 2001 (next to be held NA May 2006); Turkish Cypriot area: last held 6 December 1998 (next to be held NA December 2003)
election results: Greek Cypriot area: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - AKEL (Communist) 20, DISY 19, DIKO 9, KISOS 4, others 4; Turkish Cypriot area: Assembly of the Republic - percent of vote by party - UBP 40.3%, DP 22.6%, TKP 15.4%, CTP 13.4%, UDP 4.6%, YBH 2.5%, BP 1.2%; seats by party - UBP 24, DP 13, TKP 7, CTP 6
Czech Republic: bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Senate or Senat (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms; one-third elected every two years) and the Chamber of Deputies or Poslanecka snemovna (200 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 12 and 19 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2002); Chamber of Deputies - last held 19-20 June 1998 (next to be held by NA June 2002)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - KDU-CSL 28, ODS 22, CSSD 15, ODA 7, US 4, KSCM 3, independents 2; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - CSSD 32.3%, ODS 27.7%, KSCM 11%, KDU-CSL 9.0%, US 8.6%; seats by party - CSSD 74, ODS 63, KSCM 24, KDU-CSL 20, US 18, CSNS 1
Denmark: unicameral Parliament or Folketing (179 seats, including 2 from Greenland and 2 from the Faroe Islands; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 11 March 1998 (next to be held by March 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - progovernment parties: Social Democratic Party 65, Socialist People's Party 13, Social Liberal Party 7, Red-Green Unity List 5; opposition: Liberal Party 43, Conservative Party 17, Danish People's Party 13, Center Democratic Party 8, Christian People's Party 4, Progress Party 4; seats by party as of 1 January 2001: government coalition parties - Social Democrats 63, Social Liberals 7; pro-government parties - Socialist People's Party 13, Unity List 5; opposition - Liberals 42, Conservatives 16, Danish People's Party 13, Center Democrats 8, Christian People's Party 4, Progress Party 4 (now named Freedom 2000); does not include the 4 overseas seats
Djibouti: unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (65 seats; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)
elections: last held 19 December 1997 (next to be held NA 2002)
election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - RPP 65; note - RPP (the ruling party) dominated the election
Dominica: unicameral House of Assembly (30 seats, 9 appointed senators, 21 elected by popular vote; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 31 January 2000 (next to be held by NA 2005)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -DLP 11, UWP 8, DFP 2
Dominican Republic: bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Senate or Senado (30 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (149 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 16 May 1998 (next to be held NA May 2002); Chamber of Deputies - last held 16 May 1998 (next to be held NA May 2002)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRD 24, PLD 3, PRSC 3; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRD 83, PLD 49, PRSC 17
Ecuador: unicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional (121 seats; 79 members are popularly elected at-large nationally to serve four-year terms; 42 members are popularly elected by province - two per province - for four-year terms)
elections: last held 31 May 1998 (next to be held NA 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - DP 32, PSC 27, PRE 24, ID 18, P-NP 9, FRA 5, PCE 3, MPD 2, CFP 1; note - defections by members of National Congress are commonplace, resulting in frequent changes in the numbers of seats held by the various parties
Egypt: bicameral system consists of the People's Assembly or Majlis al-Sha'b (454 seats; 444 elected by popular vote, 10 appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms) and the Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura - which functions only in a consultative role (264 seats; 176 elected by popular vote, 88 appointed by the president; members serve NA-year terms)
elections: People's Assembly - three-phase voting - last held 19 October, 29 October, 8 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2005); Advisory Council - last held 7 June 1995 (next to be held NA)
election results: People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - NDP 88%, independents 8%, opposition 4%; seats by party - NDP 398, NWP 7, Tagammu 6, Nasserists 2, LSP 1, independents 38, undecided 2; Advisory Council - percent of vote by party - NDP 99%, independents 1%; seats by party - NA
El Salvador: unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa (84 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve three-year terms)
elections: last held 12 March 2000 (next to be held NA March 2003)
election results: percent of vote by party - ARENA 36.1%, FMLN 35.14%, PCN 8.76%, PDC 7.08%, CD 5.32%, PAN 3.75%, USC 1.47%, PLD 1.29%; seats by party - ARENA 28, FMLN 31, PCN 14, PDC 5, CD 3, PAN 1, independent 2
Equatorial Guinea: unicameral House of People's Representatives or Camara de Representantes del Pueblo (80 seats; members directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 7 March 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - PDGE 80%, UP 6%, CPDS 5%; seats by party - PDGE 75, UP 4 and CPDS 1
note: opposition parties have refused to take up their seats in the House to protest widespread irregularities in the 1999 legislative elections
Eritrea: unicameral National Assembly (150 seats; term limits not established)
elections: in May 1997, following the adoption of the new constitution, 75 members of the PFDJ Central Committee (the old Central Committee of the EPLF), 60 members of the 527-member Constituent Assembly which had been established in 1997 to discuss and ratify the new constitution, and 15 representatives of Eritreans living abroad were formed into a Transitional National Assembly to serve as the country's legislative body until country-wide elections to a National Assembly are held; only 75 members will be elected to the National Assembly - the other 75 will be members of the Central Committee of the PFDJ; parliamentary elections are now scheduled for NA December 2001
Estonia: unicameral Parliament or Riigikogu (101 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 7 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2003)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Center Party 28, Union of Pro Patria (Fatherland League) 18, Reform Party 18, Moderates 17, Country People's Party (Agrarians) 7, Coalition Party 7, UPPE 6
Ethiopia: bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Federation or upper chamber (108 seats; members are chosen by state assemblies to serve five-year terms) and the House of People's Representatives or lower chamber (548 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote from single-member districts to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 14 May 2000 (next to be held NA May 2005)
election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - OPDO 177, ANDM 134, TPLF 38, WGGPDO 27, EPRDF 19, SPDO 18, GNDM 15, KSPDO 10, ANDP 8, GPRDF 7, SOPDM 7, BGPDUF 6, BMPDO 5, KAT 4, other regional political groupings 22, independents 8; note - 43 seats unconfirmed
note: irregularities and violence at a number of polling stations necessitated the rescheduling of voting in certain constituencies; voting postponed in Somali regional state because of severe drought
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms) presided over by the governor
elections: last held 9 October 1997 (next to be held NA October 2001)
election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8
Faroe Islands: unicameral Faroese Parliament or Logting (32 seats; members are elected by popular vote on a proportional basis from the seven constituencies to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 30 April 1998 (next to be held not later than April 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party - Republican Party 23.8%, People's Party 21.3%, Social Democratic Party 21.9%, Union Party 18%, Home Rue Party 7.7%, Center Party 4.1%; seats by party - Republican Party 8, People's Party 8, Social Democratic Party 7, Union Party 6, Home Rule Party 2, Center Party 1
note: election of 2 seats to the Danish Parliament was last held on 11 March 1998 (next to be held not later than March 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Social Democratic Party 1, People's Party 1
Fiji: bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (32 seats; 14 appointed by the Great Council of Chiefs, nine appointed by the prime minister, eight appointed by the leader of the opposition, and one appointed by the council of Rotuma) and the House of Representatives (71 seats; 23 reserved for ethnic Fijians, 19 reserved for ethnic Indians, three reserved for other ethnic groups, one reserved for the council of Rotuma constituency encompassing the whole of Fiji, and 25 open; members serve five-year terms)
elections: House of Representatives - last held 11 May 1999 (next to be held NA May 2004)
election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Fiji Labor Party 37, others 34
Finland: unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; members are elected by popular vote on a proportional basis to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 21 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2003)
election results: percent of vote by party - SDP 22.9%, Kesk 22.5%, Kok 21.0%, Leftist Alliance (Communist) 10.9%, SFP 5.1%, Green Union 7.2%, SKL 4.2%; seats by party - SDP 51, Kesk 48, Kok 46, Leftist Alliance (Communist) 20, SFP 11, Green Union 11, SKL 10, other 3
France: bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of the Senate or Senat (321 seats - 296 for metropolitan France, 13 for overseas departments and territories, and 12 for French nationals abroad; members are indirectly elected by an electoral college to serve nine-year terms; elected by thirds every three years) and the National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (577 seats; members are elected by popular vote under a single-member majoritarian system to serve five-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 27 September 1998 (next to be held September 2001); National Assembly - last held 25 May-1 June 1997 (next to be held NA May 2002)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 99, UDC 52, DL 47, PS 78, PCF 16, other 29; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PS 245, RPR 140, UDF 109, PCF 37, PRS 13, MEI 8, MDC 7, LDI-MPF 1, FN 1, various left 9, various right 7
French Guiana: unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral Regional Council or Conseil Regional (31 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)
elections: General Council - last held NA March 2000 (next to be held NA 2006); Regional Council - last held 15 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Regional Council - percent of vote by party - PS 28.28%, various left parties 22.56%, RPR 15.91%, independents 8.6%, Walwari Committee 6%; seats by party - PS 11, various left parties 9, RPR 6, independents 3, Walwari Committee 2
note: one seat was elected to the French Senate on 27 September 1998 (next to be held NA September 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; 2 seats were elected to the French National Assembly on 25 May - 1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RPR 1, PSG 1
French Polynesia: unicameral Territorial Assembly or Assemblee Territoriale (41 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 12 May 1996 (next to be held NA 2001)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - People's Rally for the Republic (Gaullist) 22, Independent Front for the Liberation of Polynesia 10, New Fatherland Party 5, other 4
note: one seat was elected to the French Senate on 24 September 1989 (next to be held NA September 1998); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UC 1; two seats were elected to the French National Assembly on 25 May - 1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - People's Rally for the Republic (Gaullist) 2
Gabon: bicameral legislature consists of the Senate (91 seats) and the National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (120 seats); members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms
elections: National Assembly - last held 15 and 29 December 1996 (next to be held NA December 2001); Senate - last held 26 January and 9 February 1997 (next to be held in January 2002)
election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PDG 89, PGP 9, RNB 6, CLR 3, UPG 2, USG 2, independents 4, others 5; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PDG 53, RNB 20, PGP 4, ADERE 3, RDP 1, CLR 1, independents 9
Gambia, The: unicameral National Assembly (49 seats; 45 elected by popular vote, 4 appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last popular election held 2 January 1997 (next to be held NA January 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - APRC 33, UDP 7, NRP 2, PDOIS 1, independents 2
Georgia: unicameral Supreme Council (commonly referred to as Parliament) or Umaghiesi Sabcho (235 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 31 October and 14 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2003)
election results: percent of vote by party - CUG 41.85%, AGUR 25.65%, IWSG 7.8%, all other parties received less than 7% each; seats by party - CUG 130, AGUR 58, IWSG 15, Abkhaz deputies 12, independents 17, other 3
Germany: bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (656 seats usually, but 669 for the 1998 term; elected by popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain representation; members serve four-year terms) and the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments are directly represented by votes; each has 3 to 6 votes depending on population and are required to vote as a block)
elections: Federal Assembly - last held 27 September 1998 (next to be held by the fall of 2002); note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
election results: Federal Assembly - percent of vote by party - SPD 40.9%, Alliance '90/Greens 6.7%, CDU/CSU 35.1%, FDP 6.2%, PDS 5.1%; seats by party - SPD 298, Alliance '90/Greens 47, CDU/CSU 245, FDP 43, PDS 36; Federal Council - current composition - votes by party - SPD-led states 26, CDU-led states 28, grand coalitions 15
Ghana: unicameral Parliament (200 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 7 December 2000 (next to be held NA December 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 100, NDC 92, PNC 3, CPP 1, independents 4
Gibraltar: unicameral House of Assembly (18 seats - 15 elected by popular vote, one appointed for the Speaker, and two ex officio members; members serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 10 February 2000 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - GSD 58%, GSLP 41%; seats by party - GSD 8, GSLP 7
Greece: unicameral Parliament or Vouli ton Ellinon (300 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: elections last held 9 April 2000 (next to be held by NA April 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - PASOK 43.8%, ND 42.7%, KKE 5.5%, Coalition of the Left and Progress 3.2%; seats by party - PASOK 158, ND 125, KKE 11, Coalition of the Left and Progress 6
Greenland: unicameral Parliament or Landstinget (31 seats; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held on 16 February 1999 (next to be held by NA February 2003)
election results: percent of vote by party - Siumut 35.2%, Inuit Ataqatigiit 22.1%, Atassut Party 25.2%, Candidate's League 12.3%, independent 5.2%; seats by party - Siumut 11, Atassut 8, Inuit Ataqatigiit 7, Candidate List 4, independent 1
note: two representatives were elected to the Danish Parliament or Folketing on 11 March 1998 (next to be held by not later than March 2002); percent of vote by party - Siumut 35.6%, Atassut 35.2%; seats by party - Siumut 1, Atassut 1; Greenlandic representatives are affiliated with Danish political parties (Siamut with Social Democratic Party and Atassut with Liberal Party)
Grenada: bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (a 13-member body, 10 appointed by the government and three by the leader of the opposition) and the House of Representatives (15 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held on 18 January 1999 (next to be held by NA October 2004)
election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NNP 14, GULP 1
Guadeloupe: unicameral General Council or Conseil General (42 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and the unicameral Regional Council or Conseil Regional (41 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)
elections: General Council - last held 22 March 1998 (next to be held by NA 2004); Regional Council - last held 15 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - diverse left parties 11, PS 8, RPR 8, PPDG 6, diverse right parties 5, PCG 3, UDF 1; Regional Council - percent of vote by party - RPR 48.03%, PS/PPDG/diverse left parties 24.49%, PCG 5.29%, diverse right parties 5.73%; seats by party - RPR 25, PS/PPDG/diverse left parties 12, PCG 2, diverse right parties 2
note: Guadeloupe elects two representatives to the French Senate; elections last held NA September 1995 (next to be held NA September 2004); percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RPR 1, FGPS 1; Guadeloupe elects four representatives to the French National Assembly; elections last held 25 May - 1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FGPS 2, RPR 1, PPDG 1
Guam: unicameral Legislature (15 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve two-year terms)
elections: last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Republican Party 8, Democratic Party 7
note: Guam elects one delegate to the US House of Representatives; election last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2002); results - Robert UNDERWOOD was reelected as delegate; percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Democratic Party 1
Guatemala: unicameral Congress of the Republic or Congreso de la Republica (113 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held on 7 November 1999 (next to be held in November 2003)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FRG 63, PAN 37, ANN 9, DCG 2, UD/LOV 1, PLP 1
note: for the 7 November 1999 election, the number of congressional seats was increased from 80 to 113
Guernsey: unicameral Assembly of the States; consists of the Bailiff, 10 Douzaine (parish council) representatives, 45 People's Deputies elected by popular franchise, 2 Alderney representatives, HM Procureur (Attorney General), HM Comptroller (Solicitor General) and HM Greffier (Court Recorder and Registrar General)
elections: last held 12 April 2000 (next to be held NA 2006)
election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - all independents
Guinea: unicameral People's National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale Populaire (114 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 11 June 1995 (next scheduled for 26 November 2000 postponed indefinitely due to border fighting with rebels from Sierra Leone and Liberia)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PUP 71, RPG 19, PRP 9, UNR 9, UPG 2, PDG-AST 1, UNP 1, PDG-RDA 1, other 1
Guinea-Bissau: unicameral National People's Assembly or Assembleia Nacional Popular (100 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve a maximum of four years)
elections: last held 28 November 1999 (next to be held by NA 2003)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRS 37, RGB 27, PAIGC 25, 11 remaining seats went to 5 of the remaining 10 parties that fielded candidates
Guyana: unicameral National Assembly (65 seats, 53 elected by popular vote, 10 elected by the ten Regional Democratic Councils, and 2 elected by the National Congress of Local Democratic Organs; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 19 March 2001 (next to be held NA March 2006)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PPP/C 34, PNC 27, GAP and WPA 2, ROAR 1, TUF 1
Haiti: bicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale consists of the Senate (27 seats; members serve six-year terms; one-third elected every two years) and the Chamber of Deputies (83 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held for two-thirds of seats 21 May 2000, with runoffs on 9 July boycotted by the opposition; about eight seats still disputed; election for remaining one-third held on 26 November 2000 (next to be held NA 2002); Chamber of Deputies - last held 21 May 2000, with runoffs on 30 July boycotted by the opposition; one vacant seat rerun 26 November 2000 (next election NA 2004)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FL 26, independent 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FL 73, OPL 1, other minor parties and independents 9
Holy See (Vatican City): unicameral Pontifical Commission
Honduras: unicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional (128 seats; members are elected proportionally to the number of votes their party's presidential candidate receives to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held on 30 November 1997 (next to be held 25 November 2001)
election results: percent of vote by party - PL 46%, PN 38%, PINU-SD 4%, PDC 2%, PUD 2%; seats by party - PL 67, PN 55, PINU-SD 3, PDC 2, PUD 1
Hong Kong: unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (60 seats; 30 indirectly elected by functional constituencies, 24 elected by popular vote, and 6 elected by an 800-member election committee; members serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 10 September 2000 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Democratic Party 12, Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong 10, Liberal Party 7, Frontier Party 5, Hong Kong Progressive Alliance 4, New Century Forum 2, Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood 1, independents 19
Hungary: unicameral National Assembly or Orszaggyules (386 seats; members are elected by popular vote under a system of proportional and direct representation to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held on 10 and 24 May 1998 (next to be held May/June 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party (5% or more of the vote required for parliamentary representation in the first round) - MSZP 32.0%, FIDESZ 28.2%, FKGP 13.8%, SZDSZ 7.9%, MIEP 5.5%, MMP 4.1%, MDF 2.8%, KDNP 2.3%, MDNP 1.5%; seats by party - MSZP 134, FIDESZ 148, FKGP 48, SZDSZ 24, MDF 17, MIEP 14, independent 1; note - seating as of 2000 by party - MSZP 136, FIDESZ 141, FKGP 48, SZDSZ 24, MDF 16, MIEP 12, independents 9
Iceland: unicameral Parliament or Althing (63 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held on 8 May 1999 (next to be held by April 2003)
election results: percent of vote by party - Independence Party 40.7%, The Alliance (PA, People's Party, Women's List) 26.8%, Progressive Party 18.4%, Left-Green Alliance 9.1%, Liberal Party 4.2%; seats by party - Independence Party 26, The Alliance 17, Progressive Party 12, Left-Green Alliance 6, Liberal Party 2
India: bicameral Parliament or Sansad consists of the Council of States or Rajya Sabha (a body consisting of not more than 250 members, up to 12 of which are appointed by the president, the remainder are chosen by the elected members of the state and territorial assemblies; members serve six-year terms) and the People's Assembly or Lok Sabha (545 seats; 543 elected by popular vote, 2 appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms)
elections: People's Assembly - last held 5 September through 3 October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - BJP alliance 40.8%, Congress alliance 33.8%, other 25.4%; seats by party - BJP alliance 304, Congress alliance 134, other 107
Indonesia: unicameral House of Representatives or Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) (500 seats; 462 elected by popular vote, 38 are appointed military representatives; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 7 June 1999 (next to be held NA June 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - PDI-P 37.4%, Golkar 20.9%, PKB 17.4%, PPP 10.7%, PAN 7.3%, PBB 1.8%, other 4.5%; seats by party - PDI-P 154, Golkar 120, PPP 58, PKB 51, PAN 35, PBB 14, other 30
Iran: unicameral Islamic Consultative Assembly or Majles-e-Shura-ye-Eslami (290 seats, note - changed from 270 seats with the 18 February 2000 election; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 18 February-NA April 2000 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by party - reformers 170, conservatives 45, and independents 10; 65 seats were up for runoff election on 5 May 2000 (reformers 52, conservatives 10, independents 3)
Iraq: unicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-Watani (250 seats; 30 appointed by the president to represent the three northern provinces of Dahuk, Arbil, and As Sulaymaniyah; 220 elected by popular vote; members serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 27 March 2000 (next to be held NA March 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA
Ireland: bicameral Parliament or Oireachtas consists of the Senate or Seanad Eireann (60 seats - 49 elected by the universities and from candidates put forward by five vocational panels, 11 are nominated by the prime minister; members serve five-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Dail Eireann (166 seats; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve five-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held NA August 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); House of Representatives - last held 6 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Fianna Fail 29, Fine Gael 16, Labor Party 4, Progressive Democrats 4, others 7; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Fianna Fail 76, Fine Gael 53, Labor Party 19, Progressive Democrats 4, Democratic Left 4, Green Alliance 2, Sinn Fein 1, independents 7; note - seats by party in the House of Representatives as of 1 January 2001 were as follows: Fianna Fail 76, Fine Gael 54, Labor Party 21, Progressive Democrats 4, Green Alliance 2, Socialist Party 1, Sinn Fein 1, independents 7
Israel: unicameral Knesset or parliament (120 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 17 May 1999 (next to be held NA November 2003)
election results: percent of vote by party - One Israel 20.2%, Likud Party 14.1%, Shas 13%, MERETZ 7.6%, Yisra'el Ba'Aliya 5.1%, Shinui 5%, Center Party 5%, National Religious Party 4.2%, United Torah Judaism 3.7%, United Arab List 3.4%, National Union 3%, Hadash 2.6%, Yisra'el Beiteinu 2.6%, Balad 1.9%, One Nation 1.9%, Democratic Movement NA (party formed after election, members elected under Yisra'el Ba'Aliya list); seats by party - One Israel 26, Likud Party 19, Shas 17, MERETZ 10, Yisra'el Ba'Aliya 4, Shinui 6, Center Party 6, National Religious Party 5, United Torah Judaism 5, United Arab List 5, National Union 4, Hadash 3, Yisra'el Beiteinu 4, Democratic Movement 2 (party formed after election, members elected under Yisra'el Ba'Aliya list), Balad 2, One Nation 2
Italy: bicameral Parliament or Parlamento consists of the Senate or Senato della Repubblica (315 seats elected by popular vote of which 232 are directly elected and 83 are elected by regional proportional representation plus, in addition, there are a small number of senators-for-life including former presidents of the republic; members serve five-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camera dei Deputati (630 seats; 475 are directly elected, 155 by regional proportional representation; members serve five-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 13 May 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); Chamber of Deputies - last held 13 May 2001 (next to be held NA 2006)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - House of Liberties 177 (Forza Italia 82, National Alliance 46, CCD-CDU 29, Northern League 17, others 3), Olive Tree 128 (Democrats of the Left 62, Daisy Alliance 42, Sunflower Alliance 16, Italian Communist Party 3, independents 5), non-affiliated with either coalition 10, senators for life 9; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - House of Liberties 367 (Forza Italia 189, National Alliance 96, CCD-CDU 40, Northern League 30, others 12), Olive Tree 248 (Democrats of the Left 138, Daisy Alliance 76, Sunflower Alliance 18, Italian Communist Party 9, independents 7), non-affiliated with either coalition 15
Jamaica: bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (a 21-member body appointed by the governor general on the recommendations of the prime minister and the leader of the opposition; ruling party is allocated 13 seats, and the opposition is allocated eight seats) and the House of Representatives (60 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 18 December 1997 (next to be held by March 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PNP 50, JLP 10
Japan: bicameral Diet or Kokkai consists of the House of Councillors or Sangi-in (252 seats; one-half of the members elected every three years - 76 seats of which are elected from the 47 multi-seat prefectural districts and 50 of which are elected from a single nationwide list; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Shugi-in (480 seats - 180 of which are elected from 11 regional blocks on a proportional representation basis and 300 of which are elected from 300 single-seat districts; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: House of Councillors - last held 12 July 1998 (next to be held NA July 2001); House of Representatives - last held 25 June 2000 (next to be held by June 2004)
election results: House of Councillors - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - LDP 102, DPJ 47, JCP 23, Komeito 22, SDP 13, Liberal Party 12, independents 26, others 7; note - the distribution of seats as of February 2001 is as follows - LDP 112, DPJ 58, Komeito 24, JCP 23, SDP 13, Liberal Party 5, independents 7, others 10; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - LDP 233, DPJ 127, Komeito 31, Liberal Party 22, JCP 20, SDP 19, other 28; note - the distribution of seats as of February 2001 is as follows - LDP 239, DPJ 129, Komeito 31, Liberal Party 22, JCP 20, SDP 19, other 20
Jersey: unicameral Assembly of the States (55 voting members - 12 senators, 12 constables or heads of parishes, 29 deputies; all elected for six-year terms, half elected every third year; the bailiff and the deputy bailiff; and 3 non-voting members - the Dean of Jersey, the Attorney General and the Solicitor General all appointed by the monarch
elections: last held NA (next to be held NA)
election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 52
Jordan: bicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-'Umma consists of the Senate (a 40-member body appointed by the monarch from designated categories of public figures; members serve four-year terms) and the House of Representatives (80 seats; members elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms)
elections: House of Representatives - last held 4 November 1997 (next to be held NA November 2001)
election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - National Constitutional Party 2, Arab Land Party 1, independents 75, other 2
note: the House of Representatives has been convened and dissolved by the monarch several times since 1974; in November 1989 the first parliamentary elections in 22 years were held
Kazakhstan: bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (47 seats; 7 senators are appointed by the president; other members are popularly elected, two from each of the former oblasts and the former capital of Almaty, to serve six-year terms) and the Majilis (67 seats; the addition of 10 "Party List" seats brings the total to 77; members are popularly elected to serve five-year terms); note - with the oblasts being reduced to 14, the Senate will eventually be reduced to 37; a number of Senate seats come up for reelection every two years
elections: Senate - (indirect) last held 17 September 1999 (next to be held NA 2001); Majilis - last held 10 and 24 October and 26 December 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; 16 seats up for election in 1999, candidates nominated by local councils; Majilis - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Otan 23, Civic Party 13, Communist Party 3, Agrarian Party 3, People's Cooperative Party 1, independents 34; note - most independent candidates are affiliated with parastatal enterprises and other pro-government institutions
Kenya: unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (222 seats; 210 members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms, 12 so-called "nominated" members who are appointed by the president, but selected by the parties in proportion to their parliamentary vote totals)
elections: last held 29 December 1997 (next to be held by early 2003)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - KANU 107, FORD-A 1, FORD-K 17, FORD-People 3, DP 39, NDP 21, SDP 15, SAFINA 5, smaller parties 2; seats appointed by the president - KANU 6, FORD-K 1, DP 2, SDP 1, NDP 1, SAFINA 1
Kiribati: unicameral House of Assembly or Maneaba Ni Maungatabu (41 seats; 39 elected by popular vote, one ex officio member, and one nominated to represent Banaba; members serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 23 September 1998 (next to be held by NA September 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Maneaban Te Mauri Party 14, National Progressive Party 11, independents 14
Korea, North: unicameral Supreme People's Assembly or Ch'oego Inmin Hoeui (687 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 26 July 1998 (next to be held NA 2003)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - the KWP approves a single list of candidates who are elected without opposition; minor parties hold a few seats
Korea, South: unicameral National Assembly or Kukhoe (273 seats total - 227 elected by direct, popular vote; members serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 13 April 2000 (next to be held NA April 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - GNP 133, MDP 115, ULD 17, other 8
Kuwait: unicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-Umma (50 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 3 July 1999 (next to be held NA 2003)
election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 50; note - all cabinet ministers are also ex officio members of the National Assembly
Kyrgyzstan: bicameral Supreme Council or Zhogorku Kenesh consists of the Assembly of People's Representatives (70 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Legislative Assembly (35 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: Assembly of People's Representatives - last held 20 February and 12 March 2000 (next to be held NA February 2005); Legislative Assembly - last held 20 February and 12 March 2000 (next to be held NA February 2005)
election results: Assembly of People's Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; percent of vote by party - NA; and Legislative Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; note - total seats by party in the Supreme Council were as follows: Union of Democratic Forces 12, Communists 6, My Country Party of Action 4, independents 73, other 10
note: the legislature became bicameral for the 5 February 1995 elections; the 2000 election results include both the Assembly of People's Representatives and the Legislative Assembly
Laos: unicameral National Assembly (99 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms; note - by presidential decree, on 27 October 1997, the number of seats increased from 85 to 99)
elections: last held 21 December 1997 (next to be held NA 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - LPRP or LPRP-approved (independent, non-party members) 99
Latvia: unicameral Parliament or Saeima (100 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 3 October 1998 (next to be held NA October 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party - People's Party 21%, LC 18%, TSP 14%, TB/LNNK 14%, Social Democrats 13%, New Party 7%; seats by party - People's Party 24, LC 21, TB/LNNK 17, TSP 16, Social Democrats 14, New Party 8
Lebanon: unicameral National Assembly or Majlis Alnuwab (Arabic) or Assemblee Nationale (French) (128 seats; members elected by popular vote on the basis of sectarian proportional representation to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 27 August and 3 September 2000 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - Muslim 57% (of which Sunni 25%, Sh'ite 25%, Druze 6%, Alawite less than 1%), Christian 43% (of which Maronite 23%); seats by party - Muslim 64 (of which Sunni 27, Sh'ite 27, Druze 8, Alawite 2), Christian 64 (of which Maronite 34)
Lesotho: bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (33 members - 22 principal chiefs and 11 other members appointed by the ruling party) and the Assembly (80 seats; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms); note - number of seats in the Assembly rose from 65 to 80 in the May 1998 election; on 28 February 2001, the Senate approved expansion of the Assembly by a further 50 seats in the next election, which may be held as early as January 2002
elections: last held 23 May 1998 (next to be held NA March 2001)
election results: percent of vote by party - LCD 60.7%, BNP 24.5%, other 14.8%; seats by party - LCD 79, BNP 1
note: results contested; opposition parties claimed the election was fraudulent and staged a coup; Southern African Development Community (SADC) forces intervened in September 1998 and restored order; the Interim Political Authority (IPA) was set up in December 1998 to create a new electoral system and conduct new elections.
Liberia: bicameral National Assembly consists of the Senate (26 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve nine-year terms) and the House of Representatives (64 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 19 July 1997 (next to be held in NA 2006); House of Representatives - last held 19 July 1997 (next to be held in NA 2003)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 21, UP 3, ALCOP 2; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 49, UP 7, ALCOP 3, Alliance of Political Parties 2, UPP 2, LPP 1; note - the Alliance of Political Parties was a coalition of the LAP and the Liberia Unification Party or LUP
Libya: unicameral General People's Congress (NA seats; members elected indirectly through a hierarchy of people's committees)
Liechtenstein: unicameral Diet or Landtag (25 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote under proportional representation to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held on 9-11 February 2001 (next to be held by NA 2005)
election results: percent of vote by party - FBP 49.90%, VU 41.35%, FL 8.71%; seats by party - FBP 13, VU 11, FL 1
Lithuania: unicameral Parliament or Seimas (141 seats, 71 members are directly elected by popular vote, 70 are elected by proportional representation; members serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 8 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - Social Democratic Coalition 31.1%, New Union/Social Liberals 19.6%, Liberal Union 17.2%, TS 8.6%, remaining parties all less than 5%; seats by party - Social Democratic Coalition 52, Liberal Union 34, New Union/Social Liberals 29, TS 9, Farmer's Party 4, Center Union 2, Poles' Electoral Action 2, Modern Christian Democratic Union 1, independents 3, others 5
Luxembourg: unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (60 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 13 June 1999 (next to be held by NA June 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - CSV 29.79%, DP 21.58%, LSAP 23.75%, ADR 10.36%, Green Party 9.09%, the Left 3.77%; seats by party - CSV 19, DP 15, LSAP 13, ADR 6, Green Party 5, the Left 2
note: the Council of State or Conseil d'Etat, which has 21 members who are appointed and dismissed by the Grand Duke based on proposals from the government, the Chamber of Deputies, or the Council of State, is an advisory body whose views are considered by the Chamber of Deputies
Macau: unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (23 seats; 8 elected by popular vote, 8 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 22 September 1996 (next to be held by 15 October 2001)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - APPEM 2, UNIPRO 2, CODEM 1, UDM 1, UPD 1, ANMD 1
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: unicameral Assembly or Sobranje (120 seats - 85 members are elected by popular vote, 35 members come from lists of candidates submitted by parties based on the percentage that parties gain from the overall vote; all serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 18 October and 1 November 1998 (next to be held NA 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - VMRO-DPMNE 43, SDSM 27, PDP 14, DA 13, DPA 11, VMRO-VMRO 6, LDP 4, SP 1, Roma Party 1
Madagascar: unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (150 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms); note - the legislature is scheduled to become a bicameral Parliament with the establishment of a Senate; two-thirds of the seats of this Senate will be filled by regional assemblies whose members will be elected by popular vote; the remaining one-third of the seats will be appointed by the president; the total number of seats will be determined by the National Assembly; all members will serve four-year terms
elections: National Assembly - last held 17 May 1998 (next to be held NA 2002)
election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - AREMA 63, LEADER/Fanilo 16, AVI 14, RPSD 11, AFFA 6, MFM 3, AKFM/Fanavaozana 3, GRAD/Iloafo 1, Fihaonana 1, independents 32
Malawi: unicameral National Assembly (193 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 15 June 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - UDF 48%, MCP 34%, AFORD 15%, others 3%; seats by party - UDF 94, MCP 66, AFORD 29, others 4
Malaysia: bicameral Parliament or Parlimen consists of nonelected Senate or Dewan Negara (69 seats; 43 appointed by the paramount ruler, 26 appointed by the state legislatures) and the House of Representatives or Dewan Rakyat (193 seats; members elected by popular vote weighted toward the rural Malay population to serve five-year terms)
elections: House of Representatives - last held 29 November 1999 (next must be held by 20 December 2004)
election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NF 56%, other 44%; seats by party - NF 148, PAS 27, DAP 10, NJP 5, PBS 3
Maldives: unicameral People's Council or Majlis (50 seats; 42 elected by popular vote, 8 appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 20 November 1999 (next to be held NA November 2004)
election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 42
Mali: unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (147 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 20 July and 3 August 1997 (next to be held in two rounds in 2002); note - much of the opposition boycotted the election
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - ADEMA 130, PARENA 8, CDS 4, UDD 3, PDP 2
Malta: unicameral House of Representatives (usually 65 seats; note - additional seats are given to the party with the largest popular vote to ensure a legislative majority; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 5 September 1998 (next to be held by September 2003)
election results: percent of vote by party - PN 51.8%, MLP 46.9%, AD 1.2%; seats by party - PN 35, MLP 30
Man, Isle of: bicameral Tynwald consists of the Legislative Council (a 11-member body composed of the President of Tynwald, the Lord Bishop of Sodor and Man, a nonvoting attorney general, and 8 others named by the House of Keys) and the House of Keys (24 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: House of Keys - last held 21 November 1996 (next to be held NA November 2001)
election results: House of Keys - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - independents 24
Marshall Islands: unicameral Parliament or Nitijela (33 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 15 November 1999 (next to be held NA November 2003)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA
note: the Council of Chiefs is a 12-member body that advises on matters affecting customary law and practice
Martinique: unicameral General Council or Conseil General (45 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral Regional Assembly or Conseil Regional (41 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)
elections: General Council - last held NA March 2000 (next to be held NA 2006); Regional Assembly - last held on 15 March 1998 (next to be held by March 2004)
election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; note - the PPM won a plurality; Regional Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR-UDF 14, MIM 13, PPM 7, left parties 4, PMS 3
note: Martinique elects 2 seats to the French Senate; elections last held NA September 1998 (next to be held September 2001); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PPM 2; Martinique also elects 4 seats to the French National Assembly; elections last held 1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 2, PS 1, independent 1
Mauritania: bicameral legislature consists of the Senate or Majlis al-Shuyukh (56 seats; 17 up for election every two years; members elected by municipal leaders to serve six-year terms) and the National Assembly or Majlis al-Watani (79 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 17 April 1998 (next to be held NA 2001); National Assembly - last held 11 and 18 October 1996 (next to be held NA 2001)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRDS 71, AC 1, independents and other 7
Mauritius: unicameral National Assembly (66 seats - 62 elected by popular vote, 4 appointed by the election commission from the losing political parties to give representation to various ethnic minorities; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last held on 11 September 2000 (next to be held by September 2005)
election results: percent of vote by party - MSM/MMM 52.3%, MLP/PMSD 36.9%, OPR 10.8%; seats by party - MSM/MMM 54, MLP/PMSD 6, OPR 2
Mayotte: unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms)
elections: last held 7 October 2000 (next to be held NA 2003)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA
note: Mayotte elects one member of the French Senate; elections last held 24 September 1995 (next to be held 24 September 2001); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MPM 1; Mayotte also elects one member to the French National Assembly; elections last held 25 May and 1 June 1997 (next to be held as a special election on NA May 2002); results - percent of vote by party - UDF/FD 51.7%, RPR 48.3%; seats by party - UDF/FD 1
Mexico: bicameral National Congress or Congreso de la Union consists of the Senate or Camara de Senadores (128 seats; 96 are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms, and 32 are allocated on the basis of each party's popular vote) and the Federal Chamber of Deputies or Camara Federal de Diputados (500 seats; 300 members are directly elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; remaining 200 members are allocated on the basis of each party's popular vote, also for three-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 2 July 2000 for all of the seats (next to be held NA 2006); Chamber of Deputies - last held 2 July 2000 (next to be held NA 2003)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRI 59, PAN 45, PRD 17, PVEM 5, PT 1, PCD 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRI 211, PAN 208, PRD 50, PVEM 16, PT 7, PCD 3, PSN 3, PAS 2
Micronesia, Federated States of: unicameral Congress (14 seats; members elected by popular vote; four - one elected from each of state - to serve four-year terms and 10 - elected from single-member districts delineated by population - to serve two-year terms)
elections: elections for four-year term seats last held 2 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2003); elections for two-year term seats last held 6 March 2001 (next to be held NA March 2003)
election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 14
Moldova: unicameral Parliament or Parlamentul (101 seats; parties and electoral blocs, as well as independent candidates, elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 25 February 2001 (next to be held NA 2005)
election results: percent of vote by party - PCM 50.1%, Braghis Alliance 13.4%, PPCD 8.2%, other parties 28.3%; seats by party - PCM 71, Braghis Alliance 19, PPCD 11
Monaco: unicameral National Council or Conseil National (18 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 1 and 8 February 1998 (next to be held NA January 2003)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UND 18
Mongolia: unicameral State Great Hural (76 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 2 July 2000 (next to be held NA July 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MPRP 72, other 4
Montserrat: unicameral Legislative Council (11 seats, 7 popularly elected; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 11 November 1996 (next to be held by NA November 2001)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PPA 2, MNR 2, NPP 1, independent 2
Morocco: bicameral Parliament consists of an upper house or Chamber of Counselors (270 seats; members elected indirectly by local councils, professional organizations, and labor syndicates for nine-year terms; one-third of the members are renewed every three years) and a lower house or Chamber of Representatives (325 seats; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)
elections: Chamber of Counselors - last held 15 September 2000 (next to be held NA 2002); Chamber of Representatives - last held 14 November 1997 (next to be held NA November 2002)
election results: Chamber of Counselors - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - USFP 57, UC 50, RNI 46, MP 40, MDS 32, IP 32, MNP 19, PND 10, MPCD 9, PPS 9, FFD 9, PSD 5, OADP 4, PA 2, PDI 1
note: CDT, UTM, UGTM, UNMT are all labor unions listed under Political pressure groups and leaders; see explanation in the description of Parliament
Mozambique: unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote on a secret ballot to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 3-5 December 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - Frelimo 48.54%, Renamo-UE 38.81%; seats by party - Frelimo 133, Renamo-UE 117
note: Renamo-UE ran as a multiparty coalition; none of the other opposition parties received the 5% required to win parliamentary seats
Namibia: bicameral legislature consists of the National Council (26 seats; two members are chosen from each regional council to serve six-year terms) and the National Assembly (72 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: National Council - elections for regional councils, to determine members of the National Council, held 30 November-1 December 1998 (next to be held by December 2004); National Assembly - last held 30 November-1 December 1999 (next to be held by December 2004)
election results: National Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - SWAPO 21, DTA 4, UDF 1; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - SWAPO 76%, COD 10%, DTA 9%, UDF 3%, MAG 1%, other 1%; seats by party - SWAPO 55, COD 7, DTA 7, UDF 2, MAG 1,
note: the National Council is primarily an advisory body
Nauru: unicameral Parliament (18 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms)
elections: last held 9 April 2000 (next to be held NA April 2003)
election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 18
Nepal: bicameral Parliament consists of the National Council (60 seats; 35 appointed by the House of Representatives, 10 by the king, and 15 elected by an electoral college; one-third of the members elected every two years to serve six-year terms) and the House of Representatives (205 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: House of Representatives - last held 3 and 17 May 1999 (next to be held NA May 2004)
election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NC 37.3%, CPN/UML 31.6%, NDP 10.4%, NSP 3.2%, Rastriya Jana Morcha 1.4%, Samyukta Janmorcha Nepal 0.8%, NWPP 0.5%, others 14.8%; seats by party - NC 113, CPN/UML 69, NDP 11, NSP 5, Rastriya Jana Morcha 5, Samyukta Janmorcha Nepal 1, NWPP 1
Netherlands: bicameral States General or Staten Generaal consists of the First Chamber or Eerste Kamer (75 seats; members indirectly elected by the country's 12 provincial councils for four-year terms) and the Second Chamber or Tweede Kamer (150 seats; members directly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: First Chamber - last held 25 May 1999 (next to be held NA May 2003); Second Chamber - last held 6 May 1998 (next to be held May 2002)
election results: First Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CDA 20, VVD 19, PvdA 15, D'66 4, other 17; Second Chamber - percent of vote by party - PvdA 30.0%, VVD 25.3%, CDA 19.3%, D'66 9.3%, other 16.1%; seats by party - PvdA 45, VVD 38, CDA 29, D'66 14, other 24
Netherlands Antilles: unicameral States or Staten (22 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 30 January 1998 (next to be held by NA 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PAR 4, PNP 3, SPA 1, PDB 2, UPB 1, MAN 2, PLKP 3, WIPM 1, SEA 1, DP-St. M 2, FOL 2; no party won enough seats to form a government
note: the government of Prime Minister Miguel POURIER is a coalition of several parties; current seats by party - PAR 4, PNP 3, FOL 2, MAN 2, UPB 2, DP-St. M 2, PDB 1, SEA 1, WIPM 1, other 4
New Caledonia: unicameral Territorial Congress or Congres Territorial (54 seats; members are members of the three Provincial Assemblies or Assemblees Provinciales elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 9 May 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPCR 24, FLNKS 12, UNI 6, FCCI 4, FN 4, Alliance pour la Caledonie 3, LKS 1
note: New Caledonia elects 1 seat to the French Senate; elections last held 27 September 1992 (next to be held NA September 2001); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RPR 1; New Caledonia also elects 2 seats to the French National Assembly; elections last held 25 May-1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RPR 2
New Zealand: unicameral House of Representatives - commonly called Parliament (120 seats; members elected by popular vote in single-member constituencies to serve three-year terms)
elections: last held 27 November 1999 (next must be called by November 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NZLP 49, NP 39, Alliance 10, ACT New Zealand 9, Green Party 7, NZFP 5, UNZ 1
note: NZLP and Alliance formed the government coalition; the National Party became the opposition party
Nicaragua: unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (93 seats; members are elected by proportional representation to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 20 October 1996 (next to be held 4 November 2001)
election results: percent of vote by party - Liberal Alliance (ruling party - includes PLC, PALI, PLIUN, and PUCA) 46.03%, FSLN 36.55%, PCCN 3.73%, PCN 2.12%, MRS 1.33%; seats by party - Liberal Alliance 42, FSLN 36, PCCN 4, PCN 3, PRONAL 2, MRS 1, PRN 1, PC 1, PLI 1, AU 1, UNO-96 Alliance 1
Niger: unicameral National Assembly (83 seats, members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)
elections: last held 24 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MNSD-Nassara 38, CDS-Rahama 17, PNDS-Tarayya 16, RDP-Jama'a 8, ANDPS-Zaman Lahiya 4
Nigeria: bicameral National Assembly consists of Senate (109 seats, three from each state and one from the Federal Capital Territory; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and House of Representatives (360 seats, members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 20-24 February 1999 (next to be held NA 2003); House of Representatives - last held 20-24 February 1999 (next to be held NA 2003)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - PDP 58%, APP 23%, AD 19%; seats by party - PDP 67, APP 23, AD 19; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDP 58%, APP 30%, AD 12%; seats by party - PDP 221, APP 70, AD 69
Niue: unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives)
elections: last held 19 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 9, independents 11
Norfolk Island: unicameral Legislative Assembly (9 seats; members elected by electors who have nine equal votes each but only four votes can be given to any one candidate; members serve three-year terms)
elections: last held 23 February 2000 (next to be held by March 2003)
election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9
Northern Mariana Islands: bicameral Legislature consists of the Senate (9 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year staggered terms) and the House of Representatives (18 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve two-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 9 November 1999 (next to be held NA November 2001); House of Representatives - last held 9 November 1999 (next to be held NA November 2001)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Republican Party 6, Democratic Party 2, Reform Party 1; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Republican Party 10, Democratic Party 8
note: the Commonwealth does not have a nonvoting delegate in the US Congress; instead, it has an elected official or "resident representative" located in Washington, DC; seats by party - Republican Party 1 (Juan N. BABAUTA)
Norway: modified unicameral Parliament or Storting which, for certain purposes, divides itself into two chambers (165 seats; members are elected by popular vote by proportional representation to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 15 September 1997 (next to be held 10 September 2001)
election results: percent of vote by party - Labor Party 35%, Center Party 7.9%, Conservative Party 14.3%, Christian People's Party 13.7%, Socialist Left Party 6%, Progress Party 15.3%, Liberal Party 4.4%, other parties 1.6%; seats by party - Labor Party 65, Center Party 11, Conservative Party 23, Christian People's Party 25, Socialist Left Party 9, Progress Party 25, Liberal Party 6, other parties 1
note: for certain purposes, the Parliament divides itself into two chambers and elects one-fourth of its membership to an upper house or Lagting
Oman: bicameral Majlis Oman consists of an upper chamber or Majlis al-Dawla (48 seats; members appointed by the monarch; has advisory powers only) and a lower chamber or Majlis al-Shura (83 seats; members elected by limited suffrage, however, the monarch makes final selections and can negate election results; body has some limited power to propose legislation, but otherwise has only advisory powers)
elections: last held NA September 2000 (next to be held NA September 2003)
election results: NA; note - two women were elected for the first time to Majlis al-Shura, about 100,000 people voted
Pakistan: note - Gen. Pervez MUSHARRAF dissolved Parliament following the military takeover of 12 October 1999; bicameral Parliament or Majlis-e-Shoora consists of the Senate (87 seats; members indirectly elected by provincial assemblies to serve six-year terms; one-third of the members up for election every two years) and the National Assembly (217 seats - 10 represent non-Muslims; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 12 March 1997 (next to be held NA); National Assembly - last held 3 February 1997 (next to be held NA); note - no timetable has yet been given for elections following the military takeover
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PML/N 30, PPP 17, ANP 7, MQM/A 6, JWP 5, BNP 4, JUI/F 2, PML/J 2, BNM/M 1, PKMAP 1, TJP 1, independents 6, vacant 5; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PML/N 137, PPP 18, MQM/A 12, ANP 10, BNP 3, JWP 2, JUI/F 2, PPP/SB 1, NPP 1, independents 21, minorities 10; note - Gen. Pervez MUSHARRAF dismissed Parliament 15 October 1999
Palau: bicameral Parliament or Olbiil Era Kelulau (OEK) consists of the Senate (16 seats; members elected by popular vote on a population basis to serve four-year terms) and the House of Delegates (16 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2004); House of Delegates - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2004)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; House of Delegates - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA
Panama: unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa (71 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 2 May 1999 (next to be held NA May 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRD 34, PA 18, PDC 5, PS 4, MOLIRENA 3, PLN 3, Democratic Change 2, PRC 1, MORENA 1
note: legislators from outlying rural districts are chosen on a plurality basis while districts located in more populous towns and cities elect multiple legislators by means of a proportion-based formula
Papua New Guinea: unicameral National Parliament - sometimes referred to as the House of Assembly (109 seats, 89 elected from open electorates and 20 from provincial electorates; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 14-28 June 1997 (next to be held NA June 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party - PPP 15%, Pangu Pati 14%, NA 14%, PDM 8%, PNC 6%, PAP 5%, UP 3%, NP 1%, PUP 1%, independents 33%; seats by party - PPP 16, Pangu Pati 15, NA 15, PDM 9, PNC 7, PAP 5, UP 3, NP 1, PUP 1, independents 37; note - association with political parties is very fluid
Paraguay: bicameral Congress or Congreso consists of the Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (45 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (80 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: Chamber of Senators - last held 10 May 1998 (next to be held NA May 2003); Chamber of Deputies - last held 10 May 1998 (next to be held NA May 2003)
election results: Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Colorado Party 25, PLRA 13, PEN 7; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Colorado Party 45, PLRA 26, PEN 9
Peru: unicameral Democratic Constituent Congress or Congresso Constituyente Democratico (120 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 9 April 2000 (next to be held 8 April 2001)
note: many congressmen defected to and then from former President FUJIMORI's coalition in 2000
election results: percent of vote by party - Peru 2000 42.16%, Peru Possible 23.34%, FIM 7.56%, Somos Peru 7.2%, APRA 5.5%, others 14.24%; seats by party - Peru 2000 52, Peru Possible 29, FIM 9, others 30
Philippines: bicameral Congress or Kongreso consists of the Senate or Senado (24 seats - one-half elected every three years; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan (204 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; note - additional members may be appointed by the president but the Constitution prohibits the House of Representatives from having more than 250 members)
elections: Senate - last held 11 May 1998 (next to be held 14 May 2001); House of Representatives - elections last held 11 May 1998 (next to be held 14 May 2001)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - LAMP 12, Lakas 5, PRP 2, LP 1, other 3; note - the Senate now has only 22 members with one seat vacated when Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO became vice president and another seat vacated upon a senator's death; the two seats can only be filled by election and will remain open until the next regular election in May 2001; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - LAMP 135, Lakas 37, LP 13, Aksyon Demokratiko 1, other 35
Pitcairn Islands: unicameral Island Council (10 seats - 6 elected by popular vote, 1 appointed by the 6 elected members, 2 appointed by the governor, and 1 seat for the Island Secretary; members serve one-year terms)
elections: take place each December; last held NA December 2000 (next to be held NA December 2001)
election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - all independents
Poland: bicameral National Assembly or Zgromadzenie Narodowe consists of the Sejm (460 seats; members are elected under a complex system of proportional representation to serve four-year terms) and the Senate or Senat (100 seats; members are elected by a majority vote on a provincial basis to serve four-year terms)
elections: Sejm elections last held 21 September 1997 (next to be held by NA September 2001); Senate - last held 21 September 1997 (next to be held by NA September 2001)
election results: Sejm - percent of vote by party - AWS 33.8%, SLD 27.1%, UW 13.4%, PSL 7.3%, ROP 5.6%, MNSO 0.4%, other 12.4%; seats by party - AWS 201, SLD 164, UW 60, PSL 27, ROP 6, MNSO 2; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - AWS 51, SLD 28, UW 8, ROP 5, PSL 3, independents 5; note - seats by party in the Sejm as of February 2001: AWS 175, SLD 161, UW 49, PSL 26, PP 6, KdP 7, ROP-PC 4, independents 31, one seat vacant
note: two seats are assigned to ethnic minority parties
Portugal: unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 10 October 1999 (next to be held by NA October 2003)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PS 115, PSD 81, PCP 15, PP 15, PEV 2, The Left Bloc 2
Puerto Rico: bicameral Legislative Assembly consists of the Senate (28 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the House of Representatives (54 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2004); House of Representatives - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2004)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PNP 19, PPD 7, PIP 1, other 1; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PNP 30, PPD 20, PIP 1, other 3
note: Puerto Rico elects one nonvoting representative to the US House of Representatives; elections last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2004); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PPD 1 (Anibal ACEVEDO-VILA)
Qatar: unicameral Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura (35 seats; members appointed)
note: the constitution calls for elections for part of this consultative body, but no elections have been held since 1970, when there were partial elections to the body; Council members have their terms extended every four years since
Reunion: unicameral General Council (47 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral Regional Council (45 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve six-year terms)
elections: General Council - last held NA March 1994 (next to be held NA 2000); Regional Council - last held 15 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PCR 12, PS 12, UDF 11, RPR 5, others 7; Regional Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PCR 7, UDF 8, PS 6, RPR 4, various right-wing candidates 15, various left-wing candidates 5
note: Reunion elects three representatives to the French Senate; elections last held 14 April 1996 (next to be held NA 2001); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 1, PCR 2; Reunion also elects five deputies to the French National Assembly; elections last held 25 May and 1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PCR 3, PS 1, and RPR-UDF 1
Romania: bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Senate or Senat (140 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or Adunarea Deputatilor (345 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 26 November 2000 (next to be held in the fall of 2004); Chamber of Deputies - last held 26 November 2000 (next to be held in the fall of 2004)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - PDSR 37.1%, PRM 21.0%, PD 7.6%, PNL 7.5%, UDMR 6.9%; seats by party - PDSR 65, PRM 37, PD 13, PNL 13, UDMR 12; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PDSR 36.6%, PRM 19.5%, PD 7.0%, PNL, 6.9%, UDMR 6.8%; seats by party - PDSR 155, PRM 84, PD 31, PNL 30, UDMR 27, ethnic minorities 18
Russia: bicameral Federal Assembly or Federalnoye Sobraniye consists of the Federation Council or Sovet Federatsii (178 seats; as of July 2000, members appointed by the top executive and legislative officials in each of the 89 federal administrative units - oblasts, krays, republics, autonomous okrugs and oblasts, and the federal cities of Moscow and Saint Petersburg; members serve four-year terms) and the State Duma or Gosudarstvennaya Duma (450 seats; half elected by proportional representation from party lists winning at least 5% of the vote, and half from single-member constituencies; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: State Duma - last held 19 December 1999 (next to be held NA December 2003)
election results: State Duma - percent of vote received by parties clearing the 5% threshold entitling them to a proportional share of the 225 party list seats - KPRF 24.29%, Unity 23.32%, OVR 13.33%, Union of Right Forces 8.52%, LDPR 5.98%, Yabloko 5.93%; seats by party - KPRF 113, Unity 72, OVR 67, Union of Rightist Forces 29, LDPR 17, Yabloko 21, other 16, independents 106, repeat election required 8, vacant 1
Rwanda: unicameral Transitional National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale de Transition (a power-sharing body with 70 seats established on 12 December 1994 following a multiparty protocol of understanding; members were named by their parties, number of seats per party predetermined by the Arusha peace accord)
note: four additional seats, two for women and two for youth, added in 2001
elections: the last national legislative elections were held 16 December 1988 for the National Development Council (the legislature prior to the advent of the Transitional National Assembly); no elections have been held for the Transitional National Assembly as the distribution of seats was predetermined by the Arusha peace accord
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FPR 13, MDR 13, PSD 13, PL 13, PDC 6, RPA 6, PSR 2, PDI 2, UDPR 2; note - the distribution of seats was predetermined, four additional seats (two for women and two for youth) added in 2001
Saint Helena: unicameral Legislative Council (15 seats, including the speaker, 3 ex officio and 12 elected members; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 9 July 1997 (next to be held NA August 2001)
election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 15
Saint Kitts and Nevis: unicameral National Assembly (14 seats, 3 appointed and 11 popularly elected from single-member constituencies; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 6 March 2000 (next to be held by July 2005)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - SKNLP 8, CCM 2, NRP 1
Saint Lucia: bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (11 seats; six members appointed on the advice of the prime minister, three on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and two after consultation with religious, economic, and social groups) and the House of Assembly (17 seats; members are elected by popular vote from single-member constituencies to serve five-year terms)
elections: House of Assembly - last held 23 May 1997 (next to be held NA 2002)
election results: House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - SLP 16, UWP 1
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats - 15 from Saint Pierre and 4 from Miquelon; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)
elections: elections last held NA April 2000 (next to be held NA April 2006)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA
note: Saint Pierre and Miquelon elect 1 seat to the French Senate; elections last held NA September 1995 (next to be held NA September 2004); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RPR 1; Saint Pierre and Miquelon also elects 1 seat to the French National Assembly; elections last held 25 May-1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UDF 1
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: unicameral House of Assembly (21 seats, 15 elected representatives and 6 appointed senators; representatives are elected by popular vote from single-member constituencies to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 28 March 2001 (next to be held by NA March 2006)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - ULP 12, NDP 3
Samoa: unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fono (49 seats - 47 elected by Samoans, 2 elected by non-Samoans; only chiefs (matai) may stand for election to the Fono; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 4 March 2001 (next to be held by March 2006)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - HRPP 23, SNDP 13, independents 13
San Marino: unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 31 May 1998 (next likely to be held by NA June 2001)
election results: percent of vote by party - PDCS 40.8%, PSS 23.3%, PPDS 18.6%, APDS 9.8%, RC 3.3%, SR 4.2%; seats by party - PDCS 25, PSS 14, PPDS 11, APDS 6, RC 2, SR 2
Sao Tome and Principe: unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (55 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 8 November 1998 (next to be held NA November 2003)
election results: percent of vote by party - MLSTP-PSD 56%, PCD 14.5%, ADI 29%; seats by party - MLSTP-PSD 31, ADI 16, PCD 8
Saudi Arabia: a consultative council (90 members and a chairman appointed by the monarch for four-year terms)
Senegal: unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (120 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)
note: the former National Assembly, dissolved in the spring of 2001, had 140 seats
elections: last held 29 April 2001 (next to be held NA 2006)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - SOPI Coalition 89, AFP 11, PS 10, other 10
Seychelles: unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (34 seats - 25 elected by popular vote, 9 allocated on a proportional basis to parties winning at least ten percent of the vote; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 20-22 March 1998 (next to be held by NA 2003)
election results: percent of vote by party - SPPF 61.7%, UO 26.1%, DP 12.1%; seats by party - SPPF 30, UO 3, DP 1
note: the 9 awarded seats are apportioned according to the share of each party in the total vote
Sierra Leone: unicameral House of Representatives (80 seats - 68 elected by popular vote, 12 filled by paramount chiefs elected in separate elections; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 26-27 February 1996 (next to be held NA 2001)
election results: percent of vote by party - SLPP 36.1%, UNPP 21.6%, PDP 15.3%, APC 5.7%, NUP 5.3%, DCP 4.8%, other 11.2%; seats by party - SLPP 27, UNPP 17, PDP 12, APC 5, NUP 4, DCP 3; note - first elections since the former House of Representatives was shut down by the military coup of 29 April 1992
Singapore: unicameral Parliament (83 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 2 January 1997 (next to be held by 26 August 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party - PAP 65% (in contested constituencies), other 35%; seats by party - PAP 81, WP 1, SPP 1; note - subsequent to the election, there was a change in the distribution of seats, the new distribution is as follows: PAP 80, WP 1, SPP 1, vacant 1
Slovakia: unicameral National Council of the Slovak Republic or Narodna Rada Slovenskej Republiky (150 seats; members are elected on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 25-26 September 1998 (next to be held NA September 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party - HZDS 27%, SDK 26.3%, SDL 14.7%, SMK 9.1%, SNS 9.1%, SOP 8%; seats by party - governing coalition 93 (SDK 42, SDL 23, SMK 15, SOP 13), opposition 57 (HZDS 43, SNS 14)
Slovenia: unicameral National Assembly or Drzavni Zbor (90 seats, 40 are directly elected and 50 are selected on a proportional basis; note - the numbers of directly elected and proportionally elected seats varies with each election; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: National Assembly - last held 15 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - LDS 36%, SDS 16%, ZLSD 12%, SLS/SKD 10%, NSI 9%, SMS 4%, SNS 4%, DeSUS 5%, other 4%; seats by party - LDS 34, SDS 14, ZLDS 11, SLS/SKD 9, NSI 8, SMS 4, SNS 4, DeSUS 4, other 2
note: the National Council or Drzavni Svet is an advisory body with limited legislative powers; it may propose laws and ask to review any National Assembly decisions; in the election of NA November 1997, 40 members were elected to represent local, professional, and socioeconomic interests (next election to be held in the fall of 2002)
Solomon Islands: unicameral National Parliament (50 seats; members elected from single member constituencies by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 6 August 1997 (next to be held by August 2001)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - GNUR 21, PAP 7, NAPSI 5, SILP 4, UP 4, independents 6, other 3
Somalia: unicameral People's Assembly or Golaha Shacbiga
note: fledgling parliament; a transitional 245-member National Assembly began to meet on 13 August 2000 in the town of Arta, Djibouti and is now based in Mogadishu
South Africa: bicameral parliament consisting of the National Assembly (400 seats; members are elected by popular vote under a system of proportional representation to serve five-year terms) and the National Council of Provinces (90 seats, 10 members elected by each of the nine provincial legislatures for five-year terms; has special powers to protect regional interests, including the safeguarding of cultural and linguistic traditions among ethnic minorities); note - following the implementation of the new constitution on 3 February 1997 the former Senate was disbanded and replaced by the National Council of Provinces with essentially no change in membership and party affiliations, although the new institution's responsibilities have been changed somewhat by the new constitution
elections: National Assembly and National Council of Provinces - last held 2 June 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - ANC 66.4%, DP 9.6%, IFP 8.6%, NP 6.9%, UDM 3.4%, ACDP 1.4%, FF 0.8%, other 2.9%; seats by party - ANC 266, DP 38, IFP 34, NP 28, UDM 14, ACDP 6, FF 3, other 11; National Council of Provinces - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - ANC 61, NP 17, FF 4, IFP 5, DP 3
Spain: bicameral; General Courts or National Assembly or Las Cortes Generales consists of the Senate or Senado (259 seats - 208 members directly elected by popular vote and the other 51 appointed by the regional legislatures to serve four-year terms) and the Congress of Deputies or Congreso de los Diputados (350 seats; members are elected by popular vote on block lists by proportional representation to serve four-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 12 March 2000 (next to be held NA March 2004); Congress of Deputies - last held 12 March 2000 (next to be held NA March 2004)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PP 127, PSOE 61, CiU 8, PNV 6, CC 5, PIL 1; Congress of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PP 44.5%, PSOE 34%, CiU 4.2%, IU 5.4%, PNV 1.5%, CC 1%, BNG 1.3%; seats by party - PP 183, PSOE 125, CiU 15, IU 8, PNV 7, CC 4, BNG 3, other 5
Sri Lanka: unicameral Parliament (225 seats; members elected by popular vote on the basis of a modified proportional representation system by district to serve six-year terms)
elections: last held 10 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2006)
election results: percent of vote by party - PA 45.11%, UNP 40.22%, JVP 6%, NUA 2.29%, SU 1.48%, TULF 1.23%, other 3.67%; seats by party - PA 107, UNP 89, JVP 10, TULF 5, EPDP 4, NUA 4, TELO 3, ACTC 1, SU 1, independent 1
Sudan: unicameral National Assembly (400 seats; 275 elected by popular vote, 125 elected by a supra assembly of interest groups known as the National Congress)
elections: last held 13-23 December 2000 (next to be held NA)
election results: NA; few parties participated in the 2000 elections
note: on 12 December 1999, BASHIR dismissed the National Assembly during an internal power struggle between the president and speaker of the National Assembly Hasan al-TURABI
Suriname: unicameral National Assembly or Nationale Assemblee (51 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 5 May 2000 (next to be held NA May 2005)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NF 33, MC 10, DNP 2000 3, DA '91 2, PVF 2, PALU 1
note: widespread demonstrations during the summer of 1999 led to the calling of elections a year early
Swaziland: bicameral Parliament or Libandla, an advisory body, consists of the Senate (30 seats - 10 appointed by the House of Assembly and 20 appointed by the monarch; members serve five-year terms) and the House of Assembly (65 seats - 10 appointed by the monarch and 55 elected by popular vote; members serve five-year terms)
elections: House of Assembly - last held 16 and 24 October 1998 (next to be held NA 2003)
election results: House of Assembly - balloting is done on a nonparty basis; candidates for election are nominated by the local council of each constituency and for each constituency the three candidates with the most votes in the first round of voting are narrowed to a single winner by a second round
Sweden: unicameral Parliament or Riksdag (349 seats; members are elected by popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 20 September 1998 (next to be held NA September 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party - Social Democrats 36.5%, Moderates 22.7%, Left Party 12%, Christian Democrats 11.8%, Center Party 5.1%, Liberal Party 4.7%, Greens 4.5%; seats by party - Social Democrats 131, Moderates 82, Left Party 43, Christian Democrats 42, Center Party 18, Liberal Party 17, Greens 16
Switzerland: bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung (in German), Assemblee Federale (in French), Assemblea Federale (in Italian) consists of the Council of States or Standerat (in German), Conseil des Etats (in French), Consiglio degli Stati (in Italian) (46 seats - members serve four-year terms) and the National Council or Nationalrat (in German), Conseil National (in French), Consiglio Nazionale (in Italian) (200 seats - members are elected by popular vote on a basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms)
elections: Council of States - last held in 1999 (each canton determines when the next election will be held); National Council - last held 24 October 1999 (next to be held NA October 2003)
election results: Council of States - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FDP 18, CVP 15, SVP 7, SPS 6; National Council - percent of vote by party - SPS 22.5%, SVP 22.6%, FDP 19.9%, CVP 15.8%, other small parties all under 5%; seats by party - SPS 51, SVP 44, FDP 43, CVP 35, Greens 9, other small parties 18
Syria: unicameral People's Council or Majlis al-shaab (250 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 30 November-1 December 1998 (next to be held NA 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party - NPF 67%, non-NPF 33%; seats by party - NPF 167, independents 83; note - the constitution guarantees that the Ba'th Party (part of the NPF alliance) receive one-half of the seats
Tajikistan: bicameral Supreme Assembly or Majlisi Oli consists of the Assembly of Representatives (lower chamber) or Majlisi Namoyandagon (63 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and National Assembly (upper chamber) or Majlisi Milliy (33 seats; members are indirectly elected, 25 selected by local deputies, 8 appointed by the president; all to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 27 February and 12 March 2000 for the Assembly of Representatives (next to be held NA 2005) and 23 March 2000 for the National Assembly (next to be held NA 2005)
election results: Assembly of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDPT 65%, Communist Party 20%, Islamic Rebirth Party 7.5%, other 7.5%; seats by party - NA; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA
Tanzania: unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (274 seats - 232 elected by popular vote, 37 allocated to women nominated by the president, five to members of the Zanzibar House of Representatives; members serve five-year terms); note - in addition to enacting laws that apply to the entire United Republic of Tanzania, the Assembly enacts laws that apply only to the mainland; Zanzibar has its own House of Representatives to make laws especially for Zanzibar (the Zanzibar House of Representatives has 50 seats, directly elected by universal suffrage to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 29 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2005)
election results: National Assembly: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CCM 244, CUF 16, CHADEMA 4, TLP 3, UDP 2, Zanzibar representatives 5; Zanzibar House of Representatives: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CCM 34, CUF 16
Thailand: bicameral National Assembly or Rathasapha consists of the Senate or Wuthisapha (200 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Sapha Phuthaen Ratsadon (500 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 4 March, 29 April, 4 June, 9 July, and 22 July 2000 (next to be held NA March 2004); House of Representatives - last held 6 January 2001 (next to be held NA January 2005)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - TRT 248, DP 128, TNP 41, NAP 36, NDP 29, other 18
Togo: unicameral National Assembly (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 21 March 1999 (next due to be held NA October 2001)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPT 79, independents 2
note: Togo's main opposition parties boycotted the election because of EYADEMA's alleged manipulation of 1998 presidential polling; in March of 1999, opposition parties entered into negotiations with the president over the establishment of an independent electoral commission and a new round of legislative elections, now scheduled for October 2001
Tokelau: unicameral General Fono (45 seats - 15 from each of the three atolls; members chosen by each atoll's Council of Elders or Taupulega to serve three-year terms); note - the Tokelau Amendment Act of 1996 confers legislative power on the General Fono
Tonga: unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (30 seats - 12 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, nine for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and nine elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms)
elections: last held NA March 1999 (next to be held NA 2002)
election results: percent of vote - pro-democratic 40%; seats - pro-democratic 5, traditionalist 4
Trinidad and Tobago: bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (31 seats; members appointed by the president for a maximum term of five years) and the House of Representatives (36 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: House of Representatives - last held 11 December 2000 (next to be held by December 2005)
election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote - UNC 58.1%, PNM 40.8%, NAR 1.1%; seats by party - UNC 19, PNM 16, NAR 1
note: Tobago has a unicameral House of Assembly, with 15 members serving four-year terms
Tunisia: unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Majlis al-Nuwaab (182 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 24 October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - RCD 92%; seats by party - RCD 148, MDS 13, UDU 7, PUP 7, Al-Tajdid 5, PSL 2; note - reforms enabled opposition parties to win up to 20% of seats; the opposition increased number of seats from 19 to 34
Turkey: unicameral Grand National Assembly of Turkey or Turkiye Buyuk Millet Meclisi (550 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 18 April 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - DSP 136, MHP 130, FP 110, DYP 86, ANAP 88; note - as of 7 March 2000 seating was DSP 136, MHP 127, FP 103, DYP 85, ANAP 88 independents 6, vacancies 5
Turkmenistan: under the 1992 constitution, there are two parliamentary bodies, a unicameral People's Council or Halk Maslahaty (more than 100 seats, some of which are elected by popular vote and some of which are appointed; meets infrequently) and a unicameral Assembly or Majlis (50 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: People's Council - NA; Assembly - last held 12 December 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; note - all 50 elected officials preapproved by President NIYAZOV; most are from the DPT
Turks and Caicos Islands: unicameral Legislative Council (19 seats, of which 13 are popularly elected; members serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 4 March 1999 (next to be held by NA 2003)
election results: percent of vote by party - PDM 52.2%, PNP 40.9%, independent 6.9%; seats by party - PDM 9, PNP 4
Tuvalu: unicameral Parliament or Fale I Fono, also called House of Assembly (12 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 26-27 March 1998 (next to be held by NA 2002)
election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 12
Uganda: unicameral National Assembly (276 members - 214 directly elected by popular vote, 62 nominated by legally established special interest groups and approved by the president - women 39, army 10, disabled 5, youth 5, labor 3; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 27 June 1996 (next to be held May or June 2001);
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; note - election campaigning by party was not permitted
Ukraine: unicameral Supreme Council or Verkhovna Rada (450 seats; under Ukraine's new election law, half of the Supreme Council's seats are allocated on a proportional basis to those parties that gain 4% or more of the national electoral vote; the other 225 members are elected by popular vote in single-mandate constituencies; all serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 29 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party (for parties clearing 4% hurdle on 29 March 1998) - Communist Party 24.7%, Rukh (combined) 9.4%, SPU/SelPU 8.6%, PZU 5.3%, People's Democratic Party 5.0%, Hromada Party 4.7%, Progressive Socialist Party 4.0%, United Social Democratic Party 4.0%; seats by party (as of 25 February 2000) - Communist Party 115, PRVU 36, Fatherland Party 35, United Social Democratic Party 34, People's Democratic Party 27, Trudova Ukrayina Party 27, Rukh K 27, left-center 23, PZU 18, Rukh U 17, SelPU 15, Hromada Party 14, Reforms-Congress 12, independents 14, unaffiliated 31, vacant 5
United Arab Emirates: unicameral Federal National Council or Majlis al-Ittihad al-Watani (40 seats; members appointed by the rulers of the constituent states to serve two-year terms)
elections: none
note: reviews legislation, but cannot change or veto
United Kingdom: bicameral Parliament comprised of House of Lords (consists of approximately 500 life peers, 92 hereditary peers and 26 clergy) and House of Commons (659 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms unless the House is dissolved earlier)
elections: House of Lords - no elections (some proposals for further reform include elections); House of Commons - last held 7 June 2001 (next to be held by NA May 2006)
election results: House of Commons - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Labor 412, Conservative and Unionist 166, Liberal Democrat 52, other 29
note: in 1998 elections were held for a Northern Ireland Parliament (because of unresolved disputes among existing parties, the transfer of power from London to Northern Ireland came only at the end of 1999 and was rescinded in February 2000); in 1999 there were elections for a new Scottish Parliament and a new Welsh Assembly
United States: bicameral Congress consists of Senate (100 seats, one-third are renewed every two years; two members are elected from each state by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and House of Representatives (435 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve two-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held 4 November 2002); House of Representatives - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held 4 November 2002)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Republican Party 50, Democratic Party 50; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Republican Party 221, Democratic Party 211, independent 2, vacant 1
Uruguay: bicameral General Assembly or Asamblea General consists of Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (30 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and Chamber of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (99 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: Chamber of Senators - last held 31 October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004); Chamber of Representatives - last held 31 October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Encuentro Progresista 12, Colorado Party 10, Blanco 7, New Sector/Space Coalition 1; Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Encuentro Progresista 40, Colorado Party 33, Blanco 22, New Sector/Space Coalition 4
Uzbekistan: unicameral Supreme Assembly or Oliy Majlis (250 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 5 December and 19 December 1999 (next to be held NA December 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NDP 48, Self-Sacrificers Party 34, Fatherland Progress Party 20, Adolat Social Democratic Party 11, MTP 10, citizens' groups 16, local government 110, vacant 1
note: not all seats in the last Supreme Assembly election were contested; all parties in the Supreme Assembly support President KARIMOV
Vanuatu: unicameral Parliament (52 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 6 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - VP 18, UMP 12, NUP 11, other and independent 11; note - political party associations are fluid; there have been four changes of government since the November 1995 elections
note: the National Council of Chiefs advises on matters of custom and land
Venezuela: unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional; 165 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms; three seats reserved for the indigenous peoples of Venezuela
elections: last held 30 July 2000 (next to be held NA 2005)
election results: Pro-government: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MVR 92, MAS 6, indigenous 3, other parties 7; Opposition: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - AD 33, COPEI 6, Justice First 5, other parties 13
Vietnam: unicameral National Assembly or Quoc-Hoi (450 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 20 July 1997 (next to be held NA 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party - CPV 92%, other 8% (the 8% are not CPV members but are approved by the CPV to stand for election); seats by party - CPV or CPV-approved 450
Virgin Islands: unicameral Senate (15 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve two-year terms)
elections: last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Democratic Party 6, ICM 2, independents 7
note: the Virgin Islands elects one non-voting representative to the US House of Representatives; election last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2002); results - Donna M. CHRISTIAN-CHRISTENSON (Democrat) elected
Wallis and Futuna: unicameral Territorial Assembly or Assemblee Territoriale (20 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 16 March 1997 (next to be held NA March 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 14, other 6
note: Wallis and Futuna elects one senator to the French Senate and one deputy to the French National Assembly; French Senate - elections last held 27 September 1998 (next to be held by NA September 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats - RPR 1; French National Assembly - elections last held 25 May-1 June 1997 (next to be held by NA March 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats - RPR 1
Yemen: a new constitutional amendment ratified on 20 February 2001 created a bicameral legislature consisting of a Shura Council (111 seats; members appointed by the president) and a House of Representatives (301 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)
elections: last held 27 April 1997 (next to be held 27 April 2003)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - GPC 189, Islah 52, Nasserite Unionist Party 3, National Arab Socialist Baath Party 2, independents 54, election pending 1; latest seats by party: GPC 223, Islah 64, Nasserite Unionist Party 3, National Arab Socialist Baath Party 2, YSP 2, independents 7
Yugoslavia: bicameral Federal Assembly or Savezna Skupstina consists of the Chamber of Republics or Vece Republika (40 seats - 20 Serbian, 20 Montenegrin; members distributed on the basis of party representation in the republican assemblies to serve four-year terms; note - the Assembly passed a new constitutional amendment calling for direct elections for the deputies to the upper chamber) and the Chamber of Citizens or Vece Gradjana (138 seats - 108 Serbian with half elected by constituency majorities and half by proportional representation, 30 Montenegrin with six elected by constituency and 24 proportionally; members serve four-year terms)
elections: Chamber of Republics - last held 24 September 2000 (next to be held NA 2004); Chamber of Citizens - last held 24 September 2000 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: Chamber of Republics - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - SNP 19, DOS 10, SPS/JUL 7, SRS 2, SPO 1, SNS 1; note - seats are filled on a proportional basis to reflect the composition of the legislatures of the republics of Montenegro and Serbia; since 1998 Serbia has effectively barred Montenegro from its constitutional right to delegate deputies to the Chamber of Republics; Chamber of Citizens - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - DOS 55, SPS/JUL 46, SNP 28, SRS 4, SNS 2, other 3
Zambia: unicameral National Assembly (150 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 18 November 1996 (next to be held NA December 2001)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MMD 131, NP 5, Zadeco 2, AZ 2, independents 10
Zimbabwe: unicameral parliament, called House of Assembly (150 seats - 120 elected by popular vote for six-year terms, 12 nominated by the president, 10 occupied by traditional chiefs chosen by their peers, and 8 occupied by provincial governors)
elections: last held 24-25 June 2000 (next to be held NA 2006)
election results: percent of vote by party - ZANU-PF 47.2%, MDC 45.6%, ZANU-Ndonga 0.7%, United Parties 0.7%; seats by party - ZANU-PF 63, MDC 56, ZANU-Ndonga 1
Taiwan: unicameral Legislative Yuan (225 seats - 168 elected by popular vote, 41 elected on the basis of the proportion of nationwide votes received by participating political parties, eight elected from overseas Chinese constituencies on the basis of the proportion of nationwide votes received by participating political parties, eight elected by popular vote among the aboriginal populations; members serve three-year terms) and unicameral National Assembly (300 seats, note - total number of seats has been reduced from 334 to 300 since the last election; members are elected by proportional representation based on the election of the Legislative Yuan and serve four-year terms)
elections: Legislative Yuan - last held 5 December 1998 (next to be held NA December 2001); National Assembly - last held 23 March 1996 (next to be held NA June 2002)
election results: Legislative Yuan - percent of vote by party - KMT 46%, DPP 29%, CNP 7%, independents 10%, other parties 8%; seats by party - KMT 123, DPP 70, CNP 11, independents 15, other parties 6; subsequent to the election there have been some changes in the distribution of seats in the Legislative Yuan due to new party formation and party defections, the new distribution is as follows - KMT 114, DPP 66, PFP 17, NP 9, other/independent 19; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - KMT 55%, DPP 30%, CNP 14%, other 1%; seats by party - KMT 183, DPP 99, CNP 46, other 6
======================================================================
@Life expectancy at birth
Afghanistan: total population: 46.24 years
male: 46.97 years
female: 45.47 years (2001 est.)
Albania: total population: 71.83 years
male: 69.01 years
female: 74.87 years (2001 est.)
Algeria: total population: 69.95 years
male: 68.6 years
female: 71.34 years (2001 est.)
American Samoa: total population: 75.32 years
male: 70.89 years
female: 80.02 years (2001 est.)
Andorra: total population: 83.47 years
male: 80.57 years
female: 86.57 years (2001 est.)
Angola: total population: 38.59 years
male: 37.36 years
female: 39.87 years (2001 est.)
Anguilla: total population: 76.31 years
male: 73.41 years
female: 79.29 years (2001 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda: total population: 70.74 years
male: 68.45 years
female: 73.14 years (2001 est.)
Argentina: total population: 75.26 years
male: 71.88 years
female: 78.82 years (2001 est.)
Armenia: total population: 66.49 years
male: 62.12 years
female: 71.08 years (2001 est.)
Aruba: total population: 78.52 years
male: 75.16 years
female: 82.04 years (2001 est.)
Australia: total population: 79.87 years
male: 77.02 years
female: 82.87 years (2001 est.)
Austria: total population: 77.84 years
male: 74.68 years
female: 81.15 years (2001 est.)
Azerbaijan: total population: 62.96 years
male: 58.65 years
female: 67.49 years (2001 est.)
Bahamas, The: total population: 70.46 years
male: 67.27 years
female: 73.71 years (2001 est.)
Bahrain: total population: 73.2 years
male: 70.81 years
female: 75.67 years (2001 est.)
Bangladesh: total population: 60.54 years
male: 60.74 years
female: 60.33 years (2001 est.)
Barbados: total population: 73.25 years
male: 70.66 years
female: 75.86 years (2001 est.)
Belarus: total population: 68.14 years
male: 62.06 years
female: 74.52 years (2001 est.)
Belgium: total population: 77.96 years
male: 74.63 years
female: 81.46 years (2001 est.)
Belize: total population: 71.19 years
male: 68.91 years
female: 73.57 years (2001 est.)
Benin: total population: 49.94 years
male: 49.02 years
female: 50.88 years (2001 est.)
Bermuda: total population: 77.12 years
male: 75.04 years
female: 79.06 years (2001 est.)
Bhutan: total population: 52.79 years
male: 53.16 years
female: 52.41 years (2001 est.)
Bolivia: total population: 64.06 years
male: 61.53 years
female: 66.72 years (2001 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: total population: 71.75 years
male: 69.04 years
female: 74.65 years (2001 est.)
Botswana: total population: 37.13 years
male: 36.77 years
female: 37.51 years (2001 est.)
Brazil: total population: 63.24 years
male: 58.96 years
female: 67.73 years (2001 est.)
British Virgin Islands: total population: 75.64 years
male: 74.74 years
female: 76.59 years (2001 est.)
Brunei: total population: 73.82 years
male: 71.45 years
female: 76.31 years (2001 est.)
Bulgaria: total population: 71.2 years
male: 67.72 years
female: 74.89 years (2001 est.)
Burkina Faso: total population: 46.41 years
male: 45.86 years
female: 46.98 years (2001 est.)
Burma: total population: 55.16 years
male: 53.73 years
female: 56.68 years (2001 est.)
Burundi: total population: 46.06 years
male: 45.15 years
female: 46.99 years (2001 est.)
Cambodia: total population: 56.82 years
male: 54.62 years
female: 59.12 years (2001 est.)
Cameroon: total population: 54.59 years
male: 53.76 years
female: 55.44 years (2001 est.)
Canada: total population: 79.56 years
male: 76.16 years
female: 83.13 years (2001 est.)
Cape Verde: total population: 69.21 years
male: 65.93 years
female: 72.6 years (2001 est.)
Cayman Islands: total population: 79.03 years
male: 76.24 years
female: 81.43 years (2001 est.)
Central African Republic: total population: 43.8 years
male: 42.17 years
female: 45.48 years (2001 est.)
Chad: total population: 50.88 years
male: 48.86 years
female: 52.98 years (2001 est.)
Chile: total population: 75.94 years
male: 72.63 years
female: 79.42 years (2001 est.)
China: total population: 71.62 years
male: 69.81 years
female: 73.59 years (2001 est.)
Christmas Island: total population: NA years
male: NA years
female: NA years
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: total population: NA years
male: NA years
female: NA years
Colombia: total population: 70.57 years
male: 66.71 years
female: 74.55 years (2001 est.)
Comoros: total population: 60.41 years
male: 58.2 years
female: 62.68 years (2001 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: total population: 48.94 years
male: 46.96 years
female: 50.98 years (2001 est.)
Congo, Republic of the: total population: 47.57 years
male: 44.38 years
female: 50.85 years (2001 est.)
Costa Rica: total population: 76.02 years
male: 73.49 years
female: 78.68 years (2001 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire: total population: 44.93 years
male: 43.58 years
female: 46.33 years (2001 est.)
Croatia: total population: 73.9 years
male: 70.28 years
female: 77.73 years (2001 est.)
Cuba: total population: 76.41 years
male: 74.02 years
female: 78.94 years (2001 est.)
Cyprus: total population: 76.89 years
male: 74.6 years
female: 79.3 years (2001 est.)
Czech Republic: total population: 74.73 years
male: 71.23 years
female: 78.43 years (2001 est.)
Denmark: total population: 76.72 years
male: 74.12 years
female: 79.47 years (2001 est.)
Djibouti: total population: 51.21 years
male: 49.37 years
female: 53.1 years (2001 est.)
Dominica: total population: 73.6 years
male: 70.74 years
female: 76.61 years (2001 est.)
Dominican Republic: total population: 73.44 years
male: 71.34 years
female: 75.64 years (2001 est.)
Ecuador: total population: 71.33 years
male: 68.52 years
female: 74.28 years (2001 est.)
Egypt: total population: 63.69 years
male: 61.62 years
female: 65.85 years (2001 est.)
El Salvador: total population: 70.03 years
male: 66.43 years
female: 73.81 years (2001 est.)
Equatorial Guinea: total population: 53.95 years
male: 51.89 years
female: 56.07 years (2001 est.)
Eritrea: total population: 56.18 years
male: 53.73 years
female: 58.71 years (2001 est.)
Estonia: total population: 69.73 years
male: 63.72 years
female: 76.05 years (2001 est.)
Ethiopia: total population: 44.68 years
male: 43.88 years
female: 45.51 years (2001 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): total population: NA years
male: NA years
female: NA years
Faroe Islands: total population: 78.59 years
male: 75.12 years
female: 82.06 years
Fiji: total population: 68.25 years
male: 65.83 years
female: 70.78 years (2001 est.)
Finland: total population: 77.58 years
male: 73.92 years
female: 81.36 years (2001 est.)
France: total population: 78.9 years
male: 75.01 years
female: 83.01 years (2001 est.)
French Guiana: total population: 76.3 years
male: 72.97 years
female: 79.79 years (2001 est.)
French Polynesia: total population: 75.01 years
male: 72.67 years
female: 77.46 years (2001 est.)
Gabon: total population: 49.59 years
male: 48.47 years
female: 50.75 years (2001 est.)
Gambia, The: total population: 53.59 years
male: 51.65 years
female: 55.58 years (2001 est.)
Gaza Strip: total population: 71.01 years
male: 69.76 years
female: 72.32 years (2001 est.)
Georgia: total population: 64.57 years
male: 61.04 years
female: 68.28 years (2001 est.)
Germany: total population: 77.61 years
male: 74.47 years
female: 80.92 years (2001 est.)
Ghana: total population: 57.24 years
male: 55.86 years
female: 58.66 years (2001 est.)
Gibraltar: total population: 79.09 years
male: 76.23 years
female: 82.1 years (2001 est.)
Greece: total population: 78.59 years
male: 76.03 years
female: 81.32 years (2001 est.)
Greenland: total population: 68.37 years
male: 64.82 years
female: 72.01 years (2001 est.)
Grenada: total population: 64.52 years
male: 62.74 years
female: 66.31 years (2001 est.)
Guadeloupe: total population: 77.16 years
male: 74.01 years
female: 80.48 years (2001 est.)
Guam: total population: 77.94 years
male: 75.66 years
female: 80.55 years (2001 est.)
Guatemala: total population: 66.51 years
male: 63.85 years
female: 69.31 years (2001 est.)
Guernsey: total population: 79.78 years
male: 76.78 years
female: 82.88 years (2001 est.)
Guinea: total population: 45.91 years
male: 43.49 years
female: 48.42 years (2001 est.)
Guinea-Bissau: total population: 49.42 years
male: 47.12 years
female: 51.78 years (2001 est.)
Guyana: total population: 63.31 years
male: 60.52 years
female: 66.24 years (2001 est.)
Haiti: total population: 49.38 years
male: 47.67 years
female: 51.17 years (2001 est.)
Honduras: total population: 69.35 years
male: 67.51 years
female: 71.28 years (2001 est.)
Hong Kong: total population: 79.67 years
male: 76.97 years
female: 82.55 years (2001 est.)
Hungary: total population: 71.63 years
male: 67.28 years
female: 76.3 years (2001 est.)
Iceland: total population: 79.52 years
male: 77.31 years
female: 81.92 years (2001 est.)
India: total population: 62.86 years
male: 62.22 years
female: 63.53 years (2001 est.)
Indonesia: total population: 68.27 years
male: 65.9 years
female: 70.75 years (2001 est.)
Iran: total population: 69.95 years
male: 68.61 years
female: 71.37 years (2001 est.)
Iraq: total population: 66.95 years
male: 65.92 years
female: 68.03 years (2001 est.)
Ireland: total population: 76.99 years
male: 74.23 years
female: 79.93 years (2001 est.)
Israel: total population: 78.71 years
male: 76.69 years
female: 80.84 years (2001 est.)
Italy: total population: 79.14 years
male: 75.97 years
female: 82.52 years (2001 est.)
Jamaica: total population: 75.42 years
male: 73.45 years
female: 77.49 years (2001 est.)
Japan: total population: 80.8 years
male: 77.62 years
female: 84.15 years (2001 est.)
Jersey: total population: 78.63 years
male: 76.21 years
female: 81.23 years (2001 est.)
Jordan: total population: 77.53 years
male: 75.1 years
female: 80.12 years (2001 est.)
Kazakhstan: total population: 63.29 years
male: 57.87 years
female: 68.97 years (2001 est.)
Kenya: total population: 47.49 years
male: 46.57 years
female: 48.44 years (2001 est.)
Kiribati: total population: 60.16 years
male: 57.25 years
female: 63.22 years (2001 est.)
Korea, North: total population: 71.02 years
male: 68.04 years
female: 74.15 years (2001 est.)
Korea, South: total population: 74.65 years
male: 70.97 years
female: 78.74 years (2001 est.)
Kuwait: total population: 76.27 years
male: 75.42 years
female: 77.15 years (2001 est.)
Kyrgyzstan: total population: 63.46 years
male: 59.2 years
female: 67.94 years (2001 est.)
Laos: total population: 53.48 years
male: 51.58 years
female: 55.44 years (2001 est.)
Latvia: total population: 68.7 years
male: 62.8 years
female: 74.9 years (2001 est.)
Lebanon: total population: 71.52 years
male: 69.13 years
female: 74.03 years (2001 est.)
Lesotho: total population: 48.84 years
male: 47.97 years
female: 49.74 years (2001 est.)
Liberia: total population: 51.41 years
male: 49.96 years
female: 52.91 years (2001 est.)
Libya: total population: 75.65 years
male: 73.53 years
female: 77.88 years (2001 est.)
Liechtenstein: total population: 78.95 years
male: 75.32 years
female: 82.6 years (2001 est.)
Lithuania: total population: 69.25 years
male: 63.3 years
female: 75.5 years (2001 est.)
Luxembourg: total population: 77.3 years
male: 74.02 years
female: 80.8 years (2001 est.)
Macau: total population: 81.69 years
male: 78.88 years
female: 84.64 years (2001 est.)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: total population: 74.02 years
male: 71.79 years
female: 76.43 years (2001 est.)
Madagascar: total population: 55.35 years
male: 53.08 years
female: 57.68 years (2001 est.)
Malawi: total population: 37.08 years
male: 36.61 years
female: 37.55 years (2001 est.)
Malaysia: total population: 71.11 years
male: 68.48 years
female: 73.92 years (2001 est.)
Maldives: total population: 62.56 years
male: 61.39 years
female: 63.8 years (2001 est.)
Mali: total population: 47.02 years
male: 45.84 years
female: 48.24 years (2001 est.)
Malta: total population: 78.1 years
male: 75.64 years
female: 80.79 years (2001 est.)
Man, Isle of: total population: 77.64 years
male: 74.26 years
female: 81.2 years (2001 est.)
Marshall Islands: total population: 65.84 years
male: 64.04 years
female: 67.73 years (2001 est.)
Martinique: total population: 78.41 years
male: 79.11 years
female: 77.69 years (2001 est.)
Mauritania: total population: 51.14 years
male: 49.06 years
female: 53.29 years (2001 est.)
Mauritius: total population: 71.25 years
male: 67.26 years
female: 75.31 years (2001 est.)
Mayotte: total population: 59.83 years
male: 57.77 years
female: 61.96 years (2001 est.)
Mexico: total population: 71.76 years
male: 68.73 years
female: 74.93 years (2001 est.)
Moldova: total population: 64.6 years
male: 60.15 years
female: 69.26 years (2001 est.)
Monaco: total population: 78.98 years
male: 75.04 years
female: 83.12 years (2001 est.)
Mongolia: total population: 64.26 years
male: 62.14 years
female: 66.5 years (2001 est.)
Montserrat: total population: 78.03 years
male: 75.95 years
female: 80.22 years (2001 est.)
Morocco: total population: 69.43 years
male: 67.2 years
female: 71.76 years (2001 est.)
Mozambique: total population: 36.45 years
male: 37.25 years
female: 35.62 years (2001 est.)
Namibia: total population: 40.62 years
male: 42.48 years
female: 38.71 years (2001 est.)
Nauru: total population: 61.2 years
male: 57.7 years
female: 64.88 years (2001 est.)
Nepal: total population: 58.22 years
male: 58.65 years
female: 57.77 years (2001 est.)
Netherlands: total population: 78.43 years
male: 75.55 years
female: 81.44 years (2001 est.)
Netherlands Antilles: total population: 74.94 years
male: 72.76 years
female: 77.22 years (2001 est.)
New Caledonia: total population: 73.02 years
male: 70.08 years
female: 76.11 years (2001 est.)
New Zealand: total population: 77.99 years
male: 75.01 years
female: 81.1 years (2001 est.)
Nicaragua: total population: 69.05 years
male: 67.1 years
female: 71.11 years (2001 est.)
Niger: total population: 41.59 years
male: 41.74 years
female: 41.44 years (2001 est.)
Nigeria: total population: 51.07 years
male: 51.07 years
female: 51.07 years (2001 est.)
Niue: total population: NA years
male: NA years
female: NA years
Norfolk Island: total population: NA years
male: NA years
female: NA years
Northern Mariana Islands: total population: 75.74 years
male: 72.65 years
female: 79.02 years (2001 est.)
Norway: total population: 78.79 years
male: 75.87 years
female: 81.92 years (2001 est.)
Oman: total population: 72.04 years
male: 69.9 years
female: 74.29 years (2001 est.)
Pakistan: total population: 61.45 years
male: 60.61 years
female: 62.32 years (2001 est.)
Palau: total population: 68.89 years
male: 65.77 years
female: 72.19 years (2001 est.)
Panama: total population: 75.68 years
male: 72.94 years
female: 78.53 years (2001 est.)
Papua New Guinea: total population: 63.46 years
male: 61.39 years
female: 65.64 years (2001 est.)
Paraguay: total population: 73.92 years
male: 71.44 years
female: 76.52 years (2001 est.)
Peru: total population: 70.3 years
male: 67.9 years
female: 72.81 years (2001 est.)
Philippines: total population: 67.8 years
male: 64.96 years
female: 70.79 years (2001 est.)
Pitcairn Islands: total population: NA years
male: NA years
female: NA years
Poland: total population: 73.42 years
male: 69.26 years
female: 77.82 years (2001 est.)
Portugal: total population: 75.94 years
male: 72.44 years
female: 79.68 years (2001 est.)
Puerto Rico: total population: 75.76 years
male: 71.28 years
female: 80.48 years (2001 est.)
Qatar: total population: 72.62 years
male: 70.16 years
female: 75.21 years (2001 est.)
Reunion: total population: 72.93 years
male: 69.53 years
female: 76.49 years (2001 est.)
Romania: total population: 70.16 years
male: 66.36 years
female: 74.19 years (2001 est.)
Russia: total population: 67.34 years
male: 62.12 years
female: 72.83 years (2001 est.)
Rwanda: total population: 38.99 years
male: 38.35 years
female: 39.65 years (2001 est.)
Saint Helena: total population: 77.01 years
male: 74.13 years
female: 80.04 years (2001 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis: total population: 71.01 years
male: 68.22 years
female: 73.97 years (2001 est.)
Saint Lucia: total population: 72.57 years
male: 69 years
female: 76.39 years (2001 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: total population: 77.77 years
male: 75.51 years
female: 80.13 years (2001 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: total population: 72.56 years
male: 70.83 years
female: 74.34 years (2001 est.)
Samoa: total population: 69.5 years
male: 66.77 years
female: 72.37 years (2001 est.)
San Marino: total population: 81.23 years
male: 77.68 years
female: 85.1 years (2001 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe: total population: 65.59 years
male: 64.15 years
female: 67.07 years (2001 est.)
Saudi Arabia: total population: 68.09 years
male: 66.4 years
female: 69.85 years (2001 est.)
Senegal: total population: 62.56 years
male: 60.94 years
female: 64.22 years (2001 est.)
Seychelles: total population: 70.69 years
male: 65.17 years
female: 76.37 years (2001 est.)
Sierra Leone: total population: 45.6 years
male: 42.69 years
female: 48.61 years (2001 est.)
Singapore: total population: 80.17 years
male: 77.22 years
female: 83.35 years (2001 est.)
Slovakia: total population: 73.97 years
male: 69.95 years
female: 78.2 years (2001 est.)
Slovenia: total population: 75.08 years
male: 71.2 years
female: 79.17 years (2001 est.)
Solomon Islands: total population: 71.55 years
male: 69.12 years
female: 74.1 years (2001 est.)
Somalia: total population: 46.6 years
male: 44.99 years
female: 48.25 years (2001 est.)
South Africa: total population: 48.09 years
male: 47.64 years
female: 48.56 years (2001 est.)
Spain: total population: 78.93 years
male: 75.47 years
female: 82.62 years (2001 est.)
Sri Lanka: total population: 72.09 years
male: 69.58 years
female: 74.73 years (2001 est.)
Sudan: total population: 56.94 years
male: 55.85 years
female: 58.08 years (2001 est.)
Suriname: total population: 71.63 years
male: 68.97 years
female: 74.42 years (2001 est.)
Svalbard: total population: NA years
male: NA years
female: NA years
Swaziland: total population: 38.62 years
male: 37.86 years
female: 39.4 years (2001 est.)
Sweden: total population: 79.71 years
male: 77.07 years
female: 82.5 years (2001 est.)
Switzerland: total population: 79.73 years
male: 76.85 years
female: 82.76 years (2001 est.)
Syria: total population: 68.77 years
male: 67.63 years
female: 69.98 years (2001 est.)
Tajikistan: total population: 64.18 years
male: 61.09 years
female: 67.42 years (2001 est.)
Tanzania: total population: 51.98 years
male: 51.04 years
female: 52.95 years (2001 est.)
Thailand: total population: 68.86 years
male: 65.64 years
female: 72.24 years (2001 est.)
Togo: total population: 54.35 years
male: 52.38 years
female: 56.38 years (2001 est.)
Tokelau: total population: NA years
male: NA years
female: NA years
Tonga: total population: 68.25 years
male: 65.83 years
female: 70.78 years (2001 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago: total population: 68.27 years
male: 65.74 years
female: 70.92 years (2001 est.)
Tunisia: total population: 73.92 years
male: 72.35 years
female: 75.62 years (2001 est.)
Turkey: total population: 71.24 years
male: 68.89 years
female: 73.71 years (2001 est.)
Turkmenistan: total population: 61 years
male: 57.43 years
female: 64.76 years (2001 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands: total population: 73.52 years
male: 71.37 years
female: 75.77 years (2001 est.)
Tuvalu: total population: 66.65 years
male: 64.52 years
female: 68.88 years (2001 est.)
Uganda: total population: 43.37 years
male: 42.59 years
female: 44.17 years (2001 est.)
Ukraine: total population: 66.15 years
male: 60.62 years
female: 71.96 years (2001 est.)
United Arab Emirates: total population: 74.29 years
male: 71.84 years
female: 76.86 years (2001 est.)
United Kingdom: total population: 77.82 years
male: 75.13 years
female: 80.66 years (2001 est.)
United States: total population: 77.26 years
male: 74.37 years
female: 80.05 years (2001 est.)
Uruguay: total population: 75.44 years
male: 72.11 years
female: 78.96 years (2001 est.)
Uzbekistan: total population: 63.81 years
male: 60.24 years
female: 67.56 years (2001 est.)
Vanuatu: total population: 60.95 years
male: 59.58 years
female: 62.39 years (2001 est.)
Venezuela: total population: 73.31 years
male: 70.29 years
female: 76.56 years (2001 est.)
Vietnam: total population: 69.56 years
male: 67.12 years
female: 72.19 years (2001 est.)
Virgin Islands: total population: 78.27 years
male: 74.38 years
female: 82.39 years (2001 est.)
Wallis and Futuna: total population: NA years
male: NA years
female: NA years
West Bank: total population: 72.28 years
male: 70.58 years
female: 74.07 years (2001 est.)
World: total population: 63.79 years
male: 62.15 years
female: 65.51 years (2001 est.)
Yemen: total population: 60.21 years
male: 58.45 years
female: 62.05 years (2001 est.)
Yugoslavia: total population: 73.5 years
male: 70.57 years
female: 76.67 years (2001 est.)
Zambia: total population: 37.29 years
male: 37.06 years
female: 37.53 years (2001 est.)
Zimbabwe: total population: 37.13 years
male: 38.51 years
female: 35.7 years (2001 est.)
Taiwan: total population: 76.54 years
male: 73.81 years
female: 79.51 years (2001 est.)
======================================================================
@Literacy
Afghanistan: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 31.5%
male: 47.2%
female: 15% (1999 est.)
Albania: definition: age 9 and over can read and write
total population: 93% (1997 est.)
male: NA%
female: NA%
Algeria: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 61.6%
male: 73.9%
female: 49% (1995 est.)
American Samoa: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97%
male: 98%
female: 97% (1980 est.)
Andorra: definition: NA
total population: 100%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Angola: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 42%
male: 56%
female: 28% (1998 est.)
Anguilla: definition: age 12 and over can read and write
total population: 95%
male: 95%
female: 95% (1984 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda: definition: age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling
total population: 89%
male: 90%
female: 88% (1960 est.)
Argentina: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 96.2%
male: 96.2%
female: 96.2% (1995 est.)
Armenia: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 98% (1989 est.)
Aruba: definition: NA
total population: 97%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Australia: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 100%
male: 100%
female: 100% (1980 est.)
Austria: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Azerbaijan: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97%
male: 99%
female: 96% (1989 est.)
Bahamas, The: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98.2%
male: 98.5%
female: 98% (1995 est.)
Bahrain: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 85.2%
male: 89.1%
female: 79.4% (1995 est.)
Bangladesh: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 56%
male: 63%
female: 49% (2000 est.)
Barbados: definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school
total population: 97.4%
male: 98%
female: 96.8% (1995 est.)
Belarus: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98%
male: 99%
female: 97% (1989 est.)
Belgium: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Belize: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 70.3%
male: 70.3%
female: 70.3% (1991 est.)
note: other sources list the literacy rate as high as 75%
Benin: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 37.5%
male: 52.2%
female: 23.6% (2000)
Bermuda: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98%
male: 98%
female: 99% (1970 est.)
Bhutan: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 42.2%
male: 56.2%
female: 28.1% (1995 est.)
Bolivia: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 83.1%
male: 90.5%
female: 76% (1995 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: definition: NA
total population: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Botswana: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 69.8%
male: 80.5%
female: 59.9% (1995 est.)
Brazil: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 83.3%
male: 83.3%
female: 83.2% (1995 est.)
British Virgin Islands: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97.8% (1991 est.)
male: NA%
female: NA%
Brunei: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 88.2%
male: 92.6%
female: 83.4% (1995 est.)
Bulgaria: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98%
male: 99%
female: 98% (1999)
Burkina Faso: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 19.2%
male: 29.5%
female: 9.2% (1995 est.)
Burma: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 83.1%
male: 88.7%
female: 77.7% (1995 est.)
note: these are official statistics; estimates of functional literacy are likely closer to 30% (1999 est.)
Burundi: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 35.3%
male: 49.3%
female: 22.5% (1995 est.)
Cambodia: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 35%
male: 48%
female: 22% (1990 est.)
Cameroon: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 63.4%
male: 75%
female: 52.1% (1995 est.)
Canada: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97% (1986 est.)
male: NA%
female: NA%
Cape Verde: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 71.6%
male: 81.4%
female: 63.8% (1995 est.)
Cayman Islands: definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school
total population: 98%
male: 98%
female: 98% (1970 est.)
Central African Republic: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 60%
male: 68.5%
female: 52.4% (1995 est.)
Chad: definition: age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic
total population: 48.1%
male: 62.1%
female: 34.7% (1995 est.)
Chile: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 95.2%
male: 95.4%
female: 95% (1995 est.)
China: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 81.5%
male: 89.9%
female: 72.7% (1995 est.)
Colombia: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 91.3%
male: 91.2%
female: 91.4% (1995 est.)
Comoros: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 57.3%
male: 64.2%
female: 50.4% (1995 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: definition: age 15 and over can read and write French, Lingala, Kingwana, or Tshiluba
total population: 77.3%
male: 86.6%
female: 67.7% (1995 est.)
Congo, Republic of the: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 74.9%
male: 83.1%
female: 67.2% (1995 est.)
Cook Islands: definition: NA
total population: 95%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Costa Rica: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 94.8%
male: 94.7%
female: 95% (1995 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 48.5%
male: 57%
female: 40%
Croatia: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97%
male: 99%
female: 95% (1991 est.)
Cuba: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 95.7%
male: 96.2%
female: 95.3% (1995 est.)
Cyprus: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 94%
male: 98%
female: 91% (1987 est.)
Czech Republic: definition: NA
total population: 99.9% (1999 est.)
male: NA%
female: NA%
Denmark: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 100%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Djibouti: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 46.2%
male: 60.3%
female: 32.7% (1995 est.)
Dominica: definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school
total population: 94%
male: 94%
female: 94% (1970 est.)
Dominican Republic: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 82.1%
male: 82%
female: 82.2% (1995 est.)
Ecuador: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 90.1%
male: 92%
female: 88.2% (1995 est.)
Egypt: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 51.4%
male: 63.6%
female: 38.8% (1995 est.)
El Salvador: definition: age 10 and over can read and write
total population: 71.5%
male: 73.5%
female: 69.8% (1995 est.)
Equatorial Guinea: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 78.5%
male: 89.6%
female: 68.1% (1995 est.)
Eritrea: definition: NA
total population: 25%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Estonia: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 100%
male: 100%
female: 100% (1998 est.)
Ethiopia: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 35.5%
male: 45.5%
female: 25.3% (1995 est.)
Faroe Islands: definition: NA
total population: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA%
note: similar to Denmark proper
Fiji: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 91.6%
male: 93.8%
female: 89.3% (1995 est.)
Finland: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 100% (1980 est.)
male: NA%
female: NA%
France: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 99% (1980 est.)
French Guiana: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 83%
male: 84%
female: 82% (1982 est.)
French Polynesia: definition: age 14 and over can read and write
total population: 98%
male: 98%
female: 98% (1977 est.)
Gabon: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 63.2%
male: 73.7%
female: 53.3% (1995 est.)
Gambia, The: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 47.5%
male: 58.4%
female: 37.1% (2001 est.)
Gaza Strip: definition: NA
total population: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Georgia: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99%
male: 100%
female: 98% (1989 est.)
Germany: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99% (1977 est.)
male: NA%
female: NA%
Ghana: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 64.5%
male: 75.9%
female: 53.5% (1995 est.)
Gibraltar: definition: NA
total population: above 80%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Greece: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 95%
male: 98%
female: 93% (1991 est.)
Greenland: definition: NA
total population: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA%
note: similar to Denmark proper
Grenada: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98%
male: 98%
female: 98% (1970 est.)
Guadeloupe: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 90%
male: 90%
female: 90% (1982 est.)
Guam: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 99% (1990 est.)
Guatemala: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 63.6%
male: 68.7%
female: 58.5% (2000 est.)
Guernsey: definition: NA
total population: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Guinea: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 35.9%
male: 49.9%
female: 21.9% (1995 est.)
Guinea-Bissau: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 53.9%
male: 67.1%
female: 40.7% (1997 est.)
Guyana: definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school
total population: 98.1%
male: 98.6%
female: 97.5% (1995 est.)
Haiti: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 45%
male: 48%
female: 42.2% (1995 est.)
Holy See (Vatican City): definition: NA
total population: 100%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Honduras: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 72.7%
male: 72.6%
female: 72.7% (1995 est.)
Hong Kong: definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school
total population: 92.2%
male: 96%
female: 88.2% (1996 est.)
Hungary: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 98% (1980 est.)
Iceland: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99.9% (1997 est.)
male: NA%
female: NA%
India: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 52%
male: 65.5%
female: 37.7% (1995 est.)
Indonesia: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 83.8%
male: 89.6%
female: 78% (1995 est.)
Iran: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 72.1%
male: 78.4%
female: 65.8% (1994 est.)
Iraq: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 58%
male: 70.7%
female: 45% (1995 est.)
Ireland: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98% (1981 est.)
male: NA%
female: NA%
Israel: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 95%
male: 97%
female: 93% (1992 est.)
Italy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98% (1998)
male: NA%
female: NA%
Jamaica: definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school
total population: 85%
male: 80.8%
female: 89.1% (1995 est.)
Japan: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99% (1970 est.)
male: NA%
female: NA%
Jersey: definition: NA
total population: NA
male: NA
female: NA
Jordan: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 86.6%
male: 93.4%
female: 79.4% (1995 est.)
Kazakhstan: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98%
male: 99%
female: 96% (1989 est.)
Kenya: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 78.1%
male: 86.3%
female: 70% (1995 est.)
Kiribati: definition: NA
total population: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Korea, North: definition: age 15 and over can read and write Korean
total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 99% (1990 est.)
Korea, South: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98%
male: 99.3%
female: 96.7% (1995 est.)
Kuwait: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 78.6%
male: 82.2%
female: 74.9% (1995 est.)
Kyrgyzstan: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97%
male: 99%
female: 96% (1989 est.)
Laos: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 57%
male: 70%
female: 44% (1999 est.)
Latvia: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 100%
male: 100%
female: 99% (1989 est.)
Lebanon: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 86.4%
male: 90.8%
female: 82.2% (1997 est.)
Lesotho: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 83%
male: 72%
female: 93% (1999 est.)
Liberia: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 38.3%
male: 53.9%
female: 22.4% (1995 est.)
note: these figures are increasing because of the improving school system
Libya: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 76.2%
male: 87.9%
female: 63% (1995 est.)
Liechtenstein: definition: age 10 and over can read and write
total population: 100%
male: 100%
female: 100% (1981 est.)
Lithuania: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98%
male: 99%
female: 98% (1989 est.)
Luxembourg: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 100%
male: 100%
female: 100% (2000 est.)
Macau: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 90%
male: 93%
female: 86% (1981 est.)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: definition: NA
total population: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Madagascar: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 80%
male: 88%
female: 73% (1990 est.)
Malawi: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 58%
male: 72.8%
female: 43.4% (1999 est.)
Malaysia: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 83.5%
male: 89.1%
female: 78.1% (1995 est.)
Maldives: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 93.2%
male: 93.3%
female: 93% (1995 est.)
Mali: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 31%
male: 39.4%
female: 23.1% (1995 est.)
Malta: definition: age 10 and over can read and write
total population: 88.76%
male: 86.91%
female: 89.55% (1995 census)
Man, Isle of: definition: NA
total population: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Marshall Islands: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 93%
male: 100%
female: 88% (1980 est.)
Martinique: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 93%
male: 92%
female: 93% (1982 est.)
Mauritania: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 46.7%
male: 53.4%
female: 40% (1998 est.)
Mauritius: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 82.9%
male: 87.1%
female: 78.8% (1995 est.)
Mayotte: definition: NA
total population: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Mexico: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 89.6%
male: 91.8%
female: 87.4% (1995 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 89%
male: 91%
female: 88% (1980 est.)
Moldova: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 96%
male: 99%
female: 94% (1989 est.)
Monaco: definition: NA
total population: 99%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Mongolia: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97%
male: 98%
female: 97.5% (2000)
Montserrat: definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school
total population: 97%
male: 97%
female: 97% (1970 est.)
Morocco: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 43.7%
male: 56.6%
female: 31% (1995 est.)
Mozambique: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 42.3%
male: 58.4%
female: 27% (1998 est.)
Namibia: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 38%
male: 45%
female: 31% (1960 est.)
Nauru: definition: NA
total population: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Nepal: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 27.5%
male: 40.9%
female: 14% (1995 est.)
Netherlands: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99% (2000 est.)
male: NA%
female: NA%
Netherlands Antilles: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98%
male: 98%
female: 99% (1981 est.)
New Caledonia: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 91%
male: 92%
female: 90% (1976 est.)
New Zealand: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99% (1980 est.)
male: NA%
female: NA%
Nicaragua: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 65.7%
male: 64.6%
female: 66.6% (1995 est.)
Niger: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 13.6%
male: 20.9%
female: 6.6% (1995 est.)
Nigeria: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 57.1%
male: 67.3%
female: 47.3% (1995 est.)
Niue: definition: NA
total population: 95%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Northern Mariana Islands: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97%
male: 97%
female: 96% (1980 est.)
Norway: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 100%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Oman: definition: NA
total population: approaching 80%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Pakistan: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 42.7%
male: 55.3%
female: 29% (1998)
Palau: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 92%
male: 93%
female: 90% (1980 est.)
Panama: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 90.8%
male: 91.4%
female: 90.2% (1995 est.)
Papua New Guinea: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 72.2%
male: 81%
female: 62.7% (1995 est.)
Paraguay: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 92.1%
male: 93.5%
female: 90.6% (1995 est.)
Peru: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 88.7%
male: 94.5%
female: 83% (1995 est.)
Philippines: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 94.6%
male: 95%
female: 94.3% (1995 est.)
Poland: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 98% (1978 est.)
Portugal: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 87.4%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Puerto Rico: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 89%
male: 90%
female: 88% (1980 est.)
Qatar: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 79%
male: 79%
female: 80% (1995 est.)
Reunion: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 79%
male: 76%
female: 80% (1982 est.)
Romania: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97%
male: 98%
female: 95% (1992 est.)
Russia: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98%
male: 100%
female: 97% (1989 est.)
Rwanda: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 48%
male: 52%
female: 45% (1995 est.)
Saint Helena: definition: age 20 and over can read and write
total population: 97%
male: 97%
female: 98% (1987 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis: definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school
total population: 97%
male: 97%
female: 98% (1980 est.)
Saint Lucia: definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school
total population: 67%
male: 65%
female: 69% (1980 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 99% (1982 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school
total population: 96%
male: 96%
female: 96% (1970 est.)
Samoa: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97%
male: 97%
female: 97% (1971 est.)
San Marino: definition: age 10 and over can read and write
total population: 96%
male: 97%
female: 95% (1976 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 73%
male: 85%
female: 62% (1991 est.)
Saudi Arabia: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 62.8%
male: 71.5%
female: 50.2% (1995 est.)
Senegal: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 33.1%
male: 43%
female: 23.2% (1995 est.)
Seychelles: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 58%
male: 56%
female: 60% (1971 est.)
Sierra Leone: definition: age 15 and over can read and write English, Mende, Temne, or Arabic
total population: 31.4%
male: 45.4%
female: 18.2% (1995 est.)
Singapore: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 93.5%
male: 97%
female: 89.8% (1999)
Slovakia: definition: NA
total population: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Slovenia: definition: NA
total population: 99%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Solomon Islands: definition: NA
total population: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Somalia: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 24%
male: 36%
female: 14% (1990 est.)
South Africa: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 81.8%
male: 81.9%
female: 81.7% (1995 est.)
Spain: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Sri Lanka: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 90.2%
male: 93.4%
female: 87.2% (1995 est.)
Sudan: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 46.1%
male: 57.7%
female: 34.6% (1995 est.)
Suriname: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 93%
male: 95%
female: 91% (1995 est.)
Swaziland: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 76.7%
male: 78%
female: 75.6% (1995 est.)
Sweden: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99% (1979 est.)
male: NA%
female: NA%
Switzerland: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99% (1980 est.)
male: NA%
female: NA%
Syria: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 70.8%
male: 85.7%
female: 55.8% (1997 est.)
Tajikistan: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98%
male: 99%
female: 97% (1989 est.)
Tanzania: definition: age 15 and over can read and write Kiswahili (Swahili), English, or Arabic
total population: 67.8%
male: 79.4%
female: 56.8% (1995 est.)
Thailand: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 93.8%
male: 96%
female: 91.6% (1995 est.)
Togo: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 51.7%
male: 67%
female: 37% (1995 est.)
Tonga: definition: can read and write Tongan and/or English
total population: 98.5%
male: 98.4%
female: 98.7% (1996 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97.9%
male: 98.8%
female: 97% (1995 est.)
Tunisia: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 66.7%
male: 78.6%
female: 54.6% (1995 est.)
Turkey: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 85%
male: 94%
female: 77% (2000)
Turkmenistan: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98%
male: 99%
female: 97% (1989 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands: definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school
total population: 98%
male: 99%
female: 98% (1970 est.)
Tuvalu: definition: NA
total population: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Uganda: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 61.8%
male: 73.7%
female: 50.2% (1995 est.)
Ukraine: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98%
male: 100%
female: 97% (1989 est.)
United Arab Emirates: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 79.2%
male: 78.9%
female: 79.8% (1995 est.)
United Kingdom: definition: age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling
total population: 99% (1978 est.)
male: NA%
female: NA%
United States: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97%
male: 97%
female: 97% (1979 est.)
Uruguay: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97.3%
male: 96.9%
female: 97.7% (1995 est.)
Uzbekistan: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 99% (yearend 1996)
Vanuatu: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 53%
male: 57%
female: 48% (1979 est.)
Venezuela: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 91.1%
male: 91.8%
female: 90.3% (1995 est.)
Vietnam: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 93.7%
male: 96.5%
female: 91.2% (1995 est.)
Virgin Islands: definition: NA
total population: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Wallis and Futuna: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 50%
male: 50%
female: 50% (1969 est.)
West Bank: definition: NA
total population: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Western Sahara: definition: NA
total population: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Yemen: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 38%
male: 53%
female: 26% (1990 est.)
Yugoslavia: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 93%
male: 97.2%
female: 88.9% (1991)
Zambia: definition: age 15 and over can read and write English
total population: 78.2%
male: 85.6%
female: 71.3% (1995 est.)
Zimbabwe: definition: age 15 and over can read and write English
total population: 85%
male: 90%
female: 80% (1995 est.)
Taiwan: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 86% (1980 est.); note - literacy for the total population has reportedly increased to 94% (1998 est.)
male: 93% (1980 est.)
female: 79% (1980 est.)
======================================================================
@Location
Afghanistan: Southern Asia, north and west of Pakistan, east of Iran
Albania: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Ionian Sea, between Greece and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Algeria: Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia
American Samoa: Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Andorra: Southwestern Europe, between France and Spain
Angola: Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo
Anguilla: Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, east of Puerto Rico
Antarctica: continent mostly south of the Antarctic Circle
Antigua and Barbuda: Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east-southeast of Puerto Rico
Arctic Ocean: body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle
Argentina: Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Chile and Uruguay
Armenia: Southwestern Asia, east of Turkey
Aruba: Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of Venezuela
Ashmore and Cartier Islands: Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Australia
Atlantic Ocean: body of water between Africa, Europe, the Southern Ocean, and the Western Hemisphere
Australia: Oceania, continent between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean
Austria: Central Europe, north of Italy and Slovenia
Azerbaijan: Southwestern Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Russia
Bahamas, The: Caribbean, chain of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Florida
Bahrain: Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia
Baker Island: Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia
Bangladesh: Southern Asia, bordering the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and India
Barbados: Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela
Bassas da India: Southern Africa, islands in the southern Mozambique Channel, about one-half of the way from Madagascar to Mozambique
Belarus: Eastern Europe, east of Poland
Belgium: Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between France and the Netherlands
Belize: Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Mexico
Benin: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Nigeria and Togo
Bermuda: North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of North Carolina (US)
Bhutan: Southern Asia, between China and India
Bolivia: Central South America, southwest of Brazil
Bosnia and Herzegovina: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Croatia
Botswana: Southern Africa, north of South Africa
Bouvet Island: Southern Africa, island in the South Atlantic Ocean, south-southwest of the Cape of Good Hope (South Africa)
Brazil: Eastern South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean
British Indian Ocean Territory: Southern Asia, archipelago in the Indian Ocean, about one-half the way from Africa to Indonesia
British Virgin Islands: Caribbean, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Puerto Rico
Brunei: Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia
Bulgaria: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Romania and Turkey
Burkina Faso: Western Africa, north of Ghana
Burma: Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Bangladesh and Thailand
Burundi: Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo
Cambodia: Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos
Cameroon: Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria
Canada: Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and North Pacific Ocean, north of the conterminous US
Cape Verde: Western Africa, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Senegal
Cayman Islands: Caribbean, island group in Caribbean Sea, nearly one-half of the way from Cuba to Honduras
Central African Republic: Central Africa, north of Democratic Republic of the Congo
Chad: Central Africa, south of Libya
Chile: Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean and South Pacific Ocean, between Argentina and Peru
China: Eastern Asia, bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea, between North Korea and Vietnam
Christmas Island: Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia
Clipperton Island: Middle America, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, 1,120 km southwest of Mexico
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: Southeastern Asia, group of islands in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia, about one-half of the way from Australia to Sri Lanka
Colombia: Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama
Comoros: Southern Africa, group of islands in the Mozambique Channel, about two-thirds of the way between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: Central Africa, northeast of Angola
Congo, Republic of the: Western Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Angola and Gabon
Cook Islands: Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Coral Sea Islands: Oceania, islands in the Coral Sea, northeast of Australia
Costa Rica: Middle America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Nicaragua and Panama
Cote d'Ivoire: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Ghana and Liberia
Croatia: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia
Cuba: Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Florida
Cyprus: Middle East, island in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Turkey
Czech Republic: Central Europe, southeast of Germany
Denmark: Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, on a peninsula north of Germany (Jutland); also includes two major islands (Sjaeland and Fyn)
Djibouti: Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia
Dominica: Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, about one-half of the way from Puerto Rico to Trinidad and Tobago
Dominican Republic: Caribbean, eastern two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Haiti
Ecuador: Western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, between Colombia and Peru
Egypt: Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip
El Salvador: Middle America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and Honduras
Equatorial Guinea: Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Cameroon and Gabon
Eritrea: Eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Djibouti and Sudan
Estonia: Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland, between Latvia and Russia
Ethiopia: Eastern Africa, west of Somalia
Europa Island: Southern Africa, island in the Mozambique Channel, about one-half of the way from southern Madagascar to southern Mozambique
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina
Faroe Islands: Northern Europe, island group between the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, about one-half of the way from Iceland to Norway
Fiji: Oceania, island group in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Finland: Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia
France: Western Europe, bordering the Bay of Biscay and English Channel, between Belgium and Spain, southeast of the UK; bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Italy and Spain
French Guiana: Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Brazil and Suriname
French Polynesia: Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from South America to Australia
French Southern and Antarctic Lands: south of Africa, islands in the southern Indian Ocean, about equidistant between Africa, Antarctica, and Australia; note - French Southern and Antarctic Lands includes Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet, and Iles Kerguelen in the southern Indian Ocean, along with the French-claimed sector of Antarctica, "Adelie Land"; the US does not recognize the French claim to "Adelie Land"
Gabon: Western Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean at the Equator, between Republic of the Congo and Equatorial Guinea
Gambia, The: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and Senegal
Gaza Strip: Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Israel
Georgia: Southwestern Asia, bordering the Black Sea, between Turkey and Russia
Germany: Central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark
Ghana: Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo
Gibraltar: Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Spain
Glorioso Islands: Southern Africa, group of islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Madagascar
Greece: Southern Europe, bordering the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea, between Albania and Turkey
Greenland: Northern North America, island between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada
Grenada: Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago
Guadeloupe: Caribbean, islands in the eastern Caribbean Sea, southeast of Puerto Rico
Guam: Oceania, island in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines
Guatemala: Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Honduras and Belize and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between El Salvador and Mexico
Guernsey: Western Europe, islands in the English Channel, northwest of France
Guinea: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone
Guinea-Bissau: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Senegal
Guyana: Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Suriname and Venezuela
Haiti: Caribbean, western one-third of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the Dominican Republic
Heard Island and McDonald Islands: Southern Africa, islands in the Indian Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica
Holy See (Vatican City): Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy)
Honduras: Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Nicaragua and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between El Salvador and Nicaragua
Hong Kong: Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China
Howland Island: Oceania, island in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia
Hungary: Central Europe, northwest of Romania
Iceland: Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northwest of the UK
India: Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and Pakistan
Indian Ocean: body of water between Africa, the Southern Ocean, Asia, and Australia
Indonesia: Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean
Iran: Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, and the Caspian Sea, between Iraq and Pakistan
Iraq: Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iran and Kuwait
Ireland: Western Europe, occupying five-sixths of the island of Ireland in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Great Britain
Israel: Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Lebanon
Italy: Southern Europe, a peninsula extending into the central Mediterranean Sea, northeast of Tunisia
Jamaica: Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, south of Cuba
Jan Mayen: Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the Norwegian Sea, northeast of Iceland
Japan: Eastern Asia, island chain between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, east of the Korean Peninsula
Jarvis Island: Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to the Cook Islands
Jersey: Western Europe, island in the English Channel, northwest of France
Johnston Atoll: Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 717 NM (1328 km) southwest of Honolulu, Hawaii, about one-third of the way from Hawaii to the Marshall Islands
Jordan: Middle East, northwest of Saudi Arabia
Juan de Nova Island: Southern Africa, island in the Mozambique Channel, about one-third of the way between Madagascar and Mozambique
Kazakhstan: Central Asia, northwest of China
Kenya: Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania
Kingman Reef: Oceania, reef in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to American Samoa
Kiribati: Oceania, group of islands in the Pacific Ocean, straddling the equator, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia; note - on 1 January 1995, Kiribati proclaimed that all of its territory lies in the same time zone as its Gilbert Islands group (GMT +12) even though the Phoenix Islands and the Line Islands under its jurisdiction lie on the other side of the International Date Line
Korea, North: Eastern Asia, northern half of the Korean Peninsula bordering the Korea Bay and the Sea of Japan, between China and South Korea
Korea, South: Eastern Asia, southern half of the Korean Peninsula bordering the Sea of Japan and the Yellow Sea
Kuwait: Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iraq and Saudi Arabia
Kyrgyzstan: Central Asia, west of China
Laos: Southeastern Asia, northeast of Thailand, west of Vietnam
Latvia: Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Estonia and Lithuania
Lebanon: Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Israel and Syria
Lesotho: Southern Africa, an enclave of South Africa
Liberia: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Cote d'Ivoire and Sierra Leone
Libya: Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Tunisia
Liechtenstein: Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland
Lithuania: Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Latvia and Russia
Luxembourg: Western Europe, between France and Germany
Macau: Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: Southeastern Europe, north of Greece
Madagascar: Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Mozambique
Malawi: Southern Africa, east of Zambia
Malaysia: Southeastern Asia, peninsula and northern one-third of the island of Borneo, bordering Indonesia and the South China Sea, south of Vietnam
Maldives: Southern Asia, group of atolls in the Indian Ocean, south-southwest of India
Mali: Western Africa, southwest of Algeria
Malta: Southern Europe, islands in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Sicily (Italy)
Man, Isle of: Western Europe, island in the Irish Sea, between Great Britain and Ireland
Marshall Islands: Oceania, group of atolls and reefs in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Papua New Guinea
Martinique: Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of Trinidad and Tobago
Mauritania: Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Senegal and Western Sahara
Mauritius: Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
Mayotte: Southern Africa, island in the Mozambique Channel, about one-half of the way from northern Madagascar to northern Mozambique
Mexico: Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, between Belize and the US and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and the US
Micronesia, Federated States of: Oceania, island group in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Indonesia
Midway Islands: Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-third of the way from Honolulu to Tokyo
Moldova: Eastern Europe, northeast of Romania
Monaco: Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy
Mongolia: Northern Asia, between China and Russia
Montserrat: Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, southeast of Puerto Rico
Morocco: Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Western Sahara
Mozambique: Southern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania
Namibia: Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Angola and South Africa
Nauru: Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands
Navassa Island: Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, about one-fourth of the way from Haiti to Jamaica
Nepal: Southern Asia, between China and India
Netherlands: Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between Belgium and Germany
Netherlands Antilles: Caribbean, two island groups in the Caribbean Sea - one includes Curacao and Bonaire north of Venezuela; the other is east of the Virgin Islands
New Caledonia: Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia
New Zealand: Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia
Nicaragua: Middle America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Costa Rica and Honduras
Niger: Western Africa, southeast of Algeria
Nigeria: Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon
Niue: Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga
Norfolk Island: Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia
Northern Mariana Islands: Oceania, islands in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines
Norway: Northern Europe, bordering the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Sweden
Oman: Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman, and Persian Gulf, between Yemen and UAE
Pacific Ocean: body of water between the Southern Ocean, Asia, Australia, and the Western Hemisphere
Pakistan: Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India on the east and Iran and Afghanistan on the west and China in the north
Palau: Oceania, group of islands in the North Pacific Ocean, southeast of the Philippines
Palmyra Atoll: Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to American Samoa
Panama: Middle America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Colombia and Costa Rica
Papua New Guinea: Southeastern Asia, group of islands including the eastern half of the island of New Guinea between the Coral Sea and the South Pacific Ocean, east of Indonesia
Paracel Islands: Southeastern Asia, group of small islands and reefs in the South China Sea, about one-third of the way from central Vietnam to the northern Philippines
Paraguay: Central South America, northeast of Argentina
Peru: Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador
Philippines: Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea, east of Vietnam
Pitcairn Islands: Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Peru to New Zealand
Poland: Central Europe, east of Germany
Portugal: Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain
Puerto Rico: Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of the Dominican Republic
Qatar: Middle East, peninsula bordering the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia
Reunion: Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
Romania: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine
Russia: Northern Asia (that part west of the Urals is sometimes included with Europe), bordering the Arctic Ocean, between Europe and the North Pacific Ocean
Rwanda: Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo
Saint Helena: islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, about mid-way between South America and Africa
Saint Kitts and Nevis: Caribbean, islands in the Caribbean Sea, about one-third of the way from Puerto Rico to Trinidad and Tobago
Saint Lucia: Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Caribbean, islands in the Caribbean Sea, north of Trinidad and Tobago
Samoa: Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
San Marino: Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy
Sao Tome and Principe: Western Africa, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, straddling the Equator, west of Gabon
Saudi Arabia: Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen
Senegal: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania
Seychelles: Eastern Africa, group of islands in the Indian Ocean, northeast of Madagascar
Sierra Leone: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Liberia
Singapore: Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia
Slovakia: Central Europe, south of Poland
Slovenia: Southeastern Europe, eastern Alps bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Austria and Croatia
Solomon Islands: Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Papua New Guinea
Somalia: Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, east of Ethiopia
South Africa: Southern Africa, at the southern tip of the continent of Africa
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands: Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of the tip of South America
Southern Ocean: body of water between 60 degrees south latitude and Antarctica
Spain: Southwestern Europe, bordering the Bay of Biscay, Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, and Pyrenees Mountains, southwest of France
Spratly Islands: Southeastern Asia, group of reefs and islands in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines
Sri Lanka: Southern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of India
Sudan: Northern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea
Suriname: Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between French Guiana and Guyana
Svalbard: Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway
Swaziland: Southern Africa, between Mozambique and South Africa
Sweden: Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, Kattegat, and Skagerrak, between Finland and Norway
Switzerland: Central Europe, east of France, north of Italy
Syria: Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Lebanon and Turkey
Tajikistan: Central Asia, west of China
Tanzania: Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique
Thailand: Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, southeast of Burma
Togo: Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana
Tokelau: Oceania, group of three islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Tonga: Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Trinidad and Tobago: Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela
Tromelin Island: Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
Tunisia: Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Libya
Turkey: southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria
Turkmenistan: Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan
Turks and Caicos Islands: Caribbean, two island groups in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of The Bahamas
Tuvalu: Oceania, island group consisting of nine coral atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia
Uganda: Eastern Africa, west of Kenya
Ukraine: Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland and Russia
United Arab Emirates: Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, between Oman and Saudi Arabia
United Kingdom: Western Europe, islands including the northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France
United States: North America, bordering both the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean, between Canada and Mexico
Uruguay: Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil
Uzbekistan: Central Asia, north of Afghanistan
Vanuatu: Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Australia
Venezuela: Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, between Colombia and Guyana
Vietnam: Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, and South China Sea, alongside China, Laos, and Cambodia
Virgin Islands: Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Puerto Rico
Wake Island: Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to the Northern Mariana Islands
Wallis and Futuna: Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
West Bank: Middle East, west of Jordan
Western Sahara: Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Mauritania and Morocco
Yemen: Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Red Sea, between Oman and Saudi Arabia
Yugoslavia: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Zambia: Southern Africa, east of Angola
Zimbabwe: Southern Africa, between South Africa and Zambia
Taiwan: Eastern Asia, islands bordering the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, South China Sea, and Taiwan Strait, north of the Philippines, off the southeastern coast of China
======================================================================
@Map references
Afghanistan: Asia
Albania: Europe
Algeria: Africa
American Samoa: Oceania
Andorra: Europe
Angola: Africa
Anguilla: Central America and the Caribbean
Antarctica: Antarctic Region
Antigua and Barbuda: Central America and the Caribbean
Arctic Ocean: Arctic Region
Argentina: South America
Armenia: Commonwealth of Independent States
Aruba: Central America and the Caribbean
Ashmore and Cartier Islands: Southeast Asia
Atlantic Ocean: World
Australia: Oceania
Austria: Europe
Azerbaijan: Commonwealth of Independent States
Bahamas, The: Central America and the Caribbean
Bahrain: Middle East
Baker Island: Oceania
Bangladesh: Asia
Barbados: Central America and the Caribbean
Bassas da India: Africa
Belarus: Commonwealth of Independent States
Belgium: Europe
Belize: Central America and the Caribbean
Benin: Africa
Bermuda: North America
Bhutan: Asia
Bolivia: South America
Bosnia and Herzegovina: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Europe
Botswana: Africa
Bouvet Island: Antarctic Region
Brazil: South America
British Indian Ocean Territory: World
British Virgin Islands: Central America and the Caribbean
Brunei: Southeast Asia
Bulgaria: Europe
Burkina Faso: Africa
Burma: Southeast Asia
Burundi: Africa
Cambodia: Southeast Asia
Cameroon: Africa
Canada: North America
Cape Verde: World
Cayman Islands: Central America and the Caribbean
Central African Republic: Africa
Chad: Africa
Chile: South America
China: Asia
Christmas Island: Southeast Asia
Clipperton Island: World
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: Southeast Asia
Colombia: South America, Central America and the Caribbean
Comoros: Africa
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: Africa
Congo, Republic of the: Africa
Cook Islands: Oceania
Coral Sea Islands: Oceania
Costa Rica: Central America and the Caribbean
Cote d'Ivoire: Africa
Croatia: Europe
Cuba: Central America and the Caribbean
Cyprus: Middle East
Czech Republic: Europe
Denmark: Europe
Djibouti: Africa
Dominica: Central America and the Caribbean
Dominican Republic: Central America and the Caribbean
Ecuador: South America
Egypt: Africa
El Salvador: Central America and the Caribbean
Equatorial Guinea: Africa
Eritrea: Africa
Estonia: Europe
Ethiopia: Africa
Europa Island: Africa
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): South America
Faroe Islands: Europe
Fiji: Oceania
Finland: Europe
France: Europe
French Guiana: South America
French Polynesia: Oceania
French Southern and Antarctic Lands: Antarctic Region
Gabon: Africa
Gambia, The: Africa
Gaza Strip: Middle East
Georgia: Commonwealth of Independent States
Germany: Europe
Ghana: Africa
Gibraltar: Europe
Glorioso Islands: Africa
Greece: Europe
Greenland: Arctic Region
Grenada: Central America and the Caribbean
Guadeloupe: Central America and the Caribbean
Guam: Oceania
Guatemala: Central America and the Caribbean
Guernsey: Europe
Guinea: Africa
Guinea-Bissau: Africa
Guyana: South America
Haiti: Central America and the Caribbean
Heard Island and McDonald Islands: Antarctic Region
Holy See (Vatican City): Europe
Honduras: Central America and the Caribbean
Hong Kong: Southeast Asia
Howland Island: Oceania
Hungary: Europe
Iceland: Arctic Region
India: Asia
Indian Ocean: World
Indonesia: Southeast Asia
Iran: Middle East
Iraq: Middle East
Ireland: Europe
Israel: Middle East
Italy: Europe
Jamaica: Central America and the Caribbean
Jan Mayen: Arctic Region
Japan: Asia
Jarvis Island: Oceania
Jersey: Europe
Johnston Atoll: Oceania
Jordan: Middle East
Juan de Nova Island: Africa
Kazakhstan: Commonwealth of Independent States
Kenya: Africa
Kingman Reef: Oceania
Kiribati: Oceania
Korea, North: Asia
Korea, South: Asia
Kuwait: Middle East
Kyrgyzstan: Commonwealth of Independent States
Laos: Southeast Asia
Latvia: Europe
Lebanon: Middle East
Lesotho: Africa
Liberia: Africa
Libya: Africa
Liechtenstein: Europe
Lithuania: Europe
Luxembourg: Europe
Macau: Southeast Asia
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: Europe
Madagascar: Africa
Malawi: Africa
Malaysia: Southeast Asia
Maldives: Asia
Mali: Africa
Malta: Europe
Man, Isle of: Europe
Marshall Islands: Oceania
Martinique: Central America and the Caribbean
Mauritania: Africa
Mauritius: World
Mayotte: Africa
Mexico: North America
Micronesia, Federated States of: Oceania
Midway Islands: Oceania
Moldova: Commonwealth of Independent States
Monaco: Europe
Mongolia: Asia
Montserrat: Central America and the Caribbean
Morocco: Africa
Mozambique: Africa
Namibia: Africa
Nauru: Oceania
Navassa Island: Central America and the Caribbean
Nepal: Asia
Netherlands: Europe
Netherlands Antilles: Central America and the Caribbean
New Caledonia: Oceania
New Zealand: Oceania
Nicaragua: Central America and the Caribbean
Niger: Africa
Nigeria: Africa
Niue: Oceania
Norfolk Island: Oceania
Northern Mariana Islands: Oceania
Norway: Europe
Oman: Middle East
Pacific Ocean: World
Pakistan: Asia
Palau: Oceania
Palmyra Atoll: Oceania
Panama: Central America and the Caribbean
Papua New Guinea: Oceania
Paracel Islands: Southeast Asia
Paraguay: South America
Peru: South America
Philippines: Southeast Asia
Pitcairn Islands: Oceania
Poland: Europe
Portugal: Europe
Puerto Rico: Central America and the Caribbean
Qatar: Middle East
Reunion: World
Romania: Europe
Russia: Asia
Rwanda: Africa
Saint Helena: Africa
Saint Kitts and Nevis: Central America and the Caribbean
Saint Lucia: Central America and the Caribbean
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: North America
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Central America and the Caribbean
Samoa: Oceania
San Marino: Europe
Sao Tome and Principe: Africa
Saudi Arabia: Middle East
Senegal: Africa
Seychelles: Africa
Sierra Leone: Africa
Singapore: Southeast Asia
Slovakia: Europe
Slovenia: Europe
Solomon Islands: Oceania
Somalia: Africa
South Africa: Africa
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands: Antarctic Region
Southern Ocean: Antarctic Region
Spain: Europe
Spratly Islands: Southeast Asia
Sri Lanka: Asia
Sudan: Africa
Suriname: South America
Svalbard: Arctic Region
Swaziland: Africa
Sweden: Europe
Switzerland: Europe
Syria: Middle East
Tajikistan: Commonwealth of Independent States
Tanzania: Africa
Thailand: Southeast Asia
Togo: Africa
Tokelau: Oceania
Tonga: Oceania
Trinidad and Tobago: Central America and the Caribbean
Tromelin Island: Africa
Tunisia: Africa
Turkey: Middle East
Turkmenistan: Commonwealth of Independent States
Turks and Caicos Islands: Central America and the Caribbean
Tuvalu: Oceania
Uganda: Africa
Ukraine: Commonwealth of Independent States
United Arab Emirates: Middle East
United Kingdom: Europe
United States: North America
Uruguay: South America
Uzbekistan: Commonwealth of Independent States
Vanuatu: Oceania
Venezuela: South America, Central America and the Caribbean
Vietnam: Southeast Asia
Virgin Islands: Central America and the Caribbean
Wake Island: Oceania
Wallis and Futuna: Oceania
West Bank: Middle East
Western Sahara: Africa
World: World, Time Zones
Yemen: Middle East
Yugoslavia: Europe
Zambia: Africa
Zimbabwe: Africa
Taiwan: Southeast Asia
======================================================================
@Maritime claims
Afghanistan: none (landlocked)
Albania: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
territorial sea: 12 NM
Algeria: exclusive fishing zone: 32-52 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
American Samoa: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Andorra: none (landlocked)
Angola: contiguous zone: 24 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Anguilla: exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 3 NM
Antarctica: none; twenty of 27 Antarctic consultative nations have made no claims to Antarctic territory (although Russia and the US have reserved the right to do so) and do not recognize the claims of the other nations; also see the Disputes - international entry
Antigua and Barbuda: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Argentina: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Armenia: none (landlocked)
Aruba: territorial sea: 12 NM
Ashmore and Cartier Islands: contiguous zone: 12 NM
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 3 NM
Australia: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Austria: none (landlocked)
Azerbaijan: none (landlocked)
Bahamas, The: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Bahrain: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: extending to boundaries to be determined
territorial sea: 12 NM
Baker Island: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Bangladesh: contiguous zone: 18 NM
continental shelf: up to the outer limits of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Barbados: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Bassas da India: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Belarus: none (landlocked)
Belgium: continental shelf: median line with neighbors
exclusive fishing zone: median line with neighbors (extends about 68 km from coast)
territorial sea: 12 NM
Belize: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM in the north, 3 NM in the south; note - from the mouth of the Sarstoon River to Ranguana Cay, Belize's territorial sea is 3 NM; according to Belize's Maritime Areas Act, 1992, the purpose of this limitation is to provide a framework for the negotiation of a definitive agreement on territorial differences with Guatemala
Benin: territorial sea: 200 NM
Bermuda: exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Bhutan: none (landlocked)
Bolivia: none (landlocked)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: NA
Botswana: none (landlocked)
Bouvet Island: territorial sea: 4 NM
Brazil: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
British Indian Ocean Territory: exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 3 NM
British Virgin Islands: exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 3 NM
Brunei: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM or to median line
territorial sea: 12 NM
Bulgaria: contiguous zone: 24 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Burkina Faso: none (landlocked)
Burma: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Burundi: none (landlocked)
Cambodia: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Cameroon: territorial sea: 50 NM
Canada: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Cape Verde: measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
contiguous zone: 24 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Cayman Islands: exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Central African Republic: none (landlocked)
Chad: none (landlocked)
Chile: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200/350 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
China: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
territorial sea: 12 NM
Christmas Island: contiguous zone: 12 NM
exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 3 NM
Clipperton Island: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 3 NM
Colombia: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Comoros: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: exclusive economic zone: boundaries with neighbors
territorial sea: 12 NM
Congo, Republic of the: territorial sea: 200 NM
Cook Islands: continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Coral Sea Islands: exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 3 NM
Costa Rica: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Cote d'Ivoire: continental shelf: 200 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Croatia: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
territorial sea: 12 NM
Cuba: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Cyprus: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
territorial sea: 12 NM
Czech Republic: none (landlocked)
Denmark: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Djibouti: contiguous zone: 24 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Dominica: contiguous zone: 24 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Dominican Republic: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 6 NM
Ecuador: continental shelf: claims continental shelf between mainland and Galapagos Islands
territorial sea: 200 NM
Egypt: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
El Salvador: territorial sea: 200 NM
Equatorial Guinea: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Eritrea: territorial sea: 12 NM
Estonia: exclusive economic zone: limits fixed in coordination with neighboring states
territorial sea: 12 NM
Ethiopia: none (landlocked)
Europa Island: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): continental shelf: 200 NM
exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Faroe Islands: continental shelf: 200 NM or agreed boundaries or median line
exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM or agreed boundaries or median line
territorial sea: 3 NM
Fiji: measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation; rectilinear shelf claim added
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Finland: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive fishing zone: 12 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM (in the Gulf of Finland - 3 NM)
France: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM (does not apply to the Mediterranean)
territorial sea: 12 NM
French Guiana: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
French Polynesia: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
French Southern and Antarctic Lands: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM from Iles Kerguelen only
territorial sea: 12 NM
Gabon: contiguous zone: 24 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Gambia, The: contiguous zone: 18 NM
continental shelf: not specified
exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Gaza Strip: Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation
Georgia: NA
Germany: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Ghana: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Gibraltar: territorial sea: 3 NM
Glorioso Islands: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Greece: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
territorial sea: 6 NM
Greenland: continental shelf: 200 NM or agreed boundaries or median line
exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM or agreed boundaries or median line
territorial sea: 3 NM
Grenada: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Guadeloupe: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Guam: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Guatemala: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Guernsey: exclusive fishing zone: 12 NM
territorial sea: 3 NM
Guinea: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Guinea-Bissau: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Guyana: continental shelf: 200 NM or to the outer edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Haiti: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: to depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Heard Island and McDonald Islands: exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 3 NM
Holy See (Vatican City): none (landlocked)
Honduras: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: natural extension of territory or to 200 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Hong Kong: territorial sea: 3 NM
Howland Island: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Hungary: none (landlocked)
Iceland: continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
India: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Indonesia: measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Iran: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: natural prolongation
exclusive economic zone: bilateral agreements or median lines in the Persian Gulf
territorial sea: 12 NM
Iraq: continental shelf: not specified
territorial sea: 12 NM
Ireland: continental shelf: not specified
exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Israel: continental shelf: to depth of exploitation
territorial sea: 12 NM
Italy: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
territorial sea: 12 NM
Jamaica: measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Jan Mayen: contiguous zone: 10 NM
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 4 NM
Japan: contiguous zone: 24 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM; between 3 NM and 12 NM in the international straits - La Perouse or Soya, Tsugaru, Osumi, and Eastern and Western Channels of the Korea or Tsushima Strait
Jarvis Island: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Jersey: exclusive fishing zone: 12 NM
territorial sea: 3 NM
Johnston Atoll: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Jordan: territorial sea: 3 NM
Juan de Nova Island: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Kazakhstan: none (landlocked)
Kenya: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Kingman Reef: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Kiribati: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Korea, North: territorial sea: 12 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
note: military boundary line 50 NM in the Sea of Japan and the exclusive economic zone limit in the Yellow Sea where all foreign vessels and aircraft without permission are banned
Korea, South: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: not specified
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM; between 3 NM and 12 NM in the Korea Strait
Kuwait: territorial sea: 12 NM
Kyrgyzstan: none (landlocked)
Laos: none (landlocked)
Latvia: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Lebanon: territorial sea: 12 NM
Lesotho: none (landlocked)
Liberia: territorial sea: 200 NM
Libya: territorial sea: 12 NM
note: Gulf of Sidra closing line - 32 degrees, 30 minutes north
Liechtenstein: none (landlocked)
Lithuania: territorial sea: 12 NM
Luxembourg: none (landlocked)
Macau: not specified
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: none (landlocked)
Madagascar: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or 100 NM from the 2,500-m deep isobath
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Malawi: none (landlocked)
Malaysia: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation; specified boundary in the South China Sea
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Maldives: measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
contiguous zone: 24 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Mali: none (landlocked)
Malta: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive fishing zone: 25 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Man, Isle of: exclusive fishing zone: 12 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Marshall Islands: contiguous zone: 24 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Martinique: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Mauritania: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Mauritius: continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Mayotte: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Mexico: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Micronesia, Federated States of: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Midway Islands: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Moldova: none (landlocked)
Monaco: territorial sea: 12 NM
Mongolia: none (landlocked)
Montserrat: exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 3 NM
Morocco: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Mozambique: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Namibia: contiguous zone: 24 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Nauru: contiguous zone: 24 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Navassa Island: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Nepal: none (landlocked)
Netherlands: exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Netherlands Antilles: exclusive fishing zone: 12 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
New Caledonia: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
New Zealand: continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Nicaragua: continental shelf: natural prolongation
territorial sea: 200 NM
Niger: none (landlocked)
Nigeria: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Niue: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Norfolk Island: exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 3 NM
Northern Mariana Islands: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Norway: contiguous zone: 10 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 4 NM
Oman: contiguous zone: 24 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Pakistan: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Palau: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive fishing zone: 12 NM
extended fishing zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 3 NM
Palmyra Atoll: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Panama: contiguous zone: 24 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Papua New Guinea: measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Paracel Islands: NA
Paraguay: none (landlocked)
Peru: continental shelf: 200 NM
territorial sea: 200 NM
Philippines: continental shelf: to depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: irregular polygon extending up to 100 NM from coastline as defined by 1898 treaty; since late 1970s has also claimed polygonal-shaped area in South China Sea up to 285 NM in breadth
Pitcairn Islands: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 3 NM
Poland: exclusive economic zone: defined by international treaties
territorial sea: 12 NM
Portugal: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Puerto Rico: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Qatar: contiguous zone: 24 NM
exclusive economic zone: as determined by bilateral agreements or the median line
territorial sea: 12 NM
Reunion: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Romania: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Russia: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Rwanda: none (landlocked)
Saint Helena: exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Saint Kitts and Nevis: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
territorial sea: 12 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
Saint Lucia: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Samoa: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
San Marino: none (landlocked)
Sao Tome and Principe: measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Saudi Arabia: contiguous zone: 18 NM
continental shelf: not specified
territorial sea: 12 NM
Senegal: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Seychelles: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Sierra Leone: territorial sea: 200 NM
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Singapore: exclusive fishing zone: within and beyond territorial sea, as defined in treaties and practice
territorial sea: 3 NM
Slovakia: none (landlocked)
Slovenia: NA
Solomon Islands: measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
continental shelf: 200 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Somalia: territorial sea: 200 NM
South Africa: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands: exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Spain: contiguous zone: 24 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM (applies only to the Atlantic Ocean)
territorial sea: 12 NM
Spratly Islands: NA
Sri Lanka: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Sudan: contiguous zone: 18 NM
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
territorial sea: 12 NM
Suriname: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Svalbard: exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia
territorial sea: 4 NM
Swaziland: none (landlocked)
Sweden: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: agreed boundaries or midlines
territorial sea: 12 NM (adjustments made to return a portion of straits to high seas)
Switzerland: none (landlocked)
Syria: contiguous zone: 41 NM
territorial sea: 35 NM
Tajikistan: none (landlocked)
Tanzania: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Thailand: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Togo: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 30 NM
Tokelau: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Tonga: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Trinidad and Tobago: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to the outer edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Tromelin Island: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Tunisia: contiguous zone: 24 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Turkey: exclusive economic zone: in Black Sea only: to the maritime boundary agreed upon with the former USSR
territorial sea: 6 NM in the Aegean Sea; 12 NM in Black Sea and in Mediterranean Sea
Turkmenistan: none (landlocked)
Turks and Caicos Islands: exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Tuvalu: contiguous zone: 24 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Uganda: none (landlocked)
Ukraine: continental shelf: 200-m or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
United Arab Emirates: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
United Kingdom: continental shelf: as defined in continental shelf orders or in accordance with agreed upon boundaries
exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
United States: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: not specified
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Uruguay: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Uzbekistan: none (doubly landlocked)
Vanuatu: measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Venezuela: contiguous zone: 15 NM
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Vietnam: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Virgin Islands: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Wake Island: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Wallis and Futuna: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
West Bank: none (landlocked)
Western Sahara: contingent upon resolution of sovereignty issue
World: contiguous zone: 24 NM claimed by most, but can vary
continental shelf: 200-m depth claimed by most or to depth of exploitation; others claim 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM claimed by most, but can vary
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM claimed by most, but can vary
territorial sea: 12 NM claimed by most, but can vary
note: boundary situations with neighboring states prevent many countries from extending their fishing or economic zones to a full 200 NM; 43 nations and other areas that are landlocked include Afghanistan, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Czech Republic, Ethiopia, Holy See (Vatican City), Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malawi, Mali, Moldova, Mongolia, Nepal, Niger, Paraguay, Rwanda, San Marino, Slovakia, Swaziland, Switzerland, Tajikistan, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Uzbekistan, West Bank, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Yemen: contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Yugoslavia: NA
Zambia: none (landlocked)
Zimbabwe: none (landlocked)
Taiwan: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
======================================================================
@Merchant marine
Albania: total: 9 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 17,797 GRT/26,324 DWT
ships by type: cargo 9 (2000 est.)
Algeria: total: 73 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 896,911 GRT/1,047,991 DWT
ships by type: bulk 9, cargo 25, chemical tanker 7, liquefied gas 10, petroleum tanker 4, roll on/roll off 13, short-sea passenger 4, specialized tanker 1 (2000 est.)
American Samoa: none (2000 est.)
Angola: total: 9 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 39,305 GRT/63,067 DWT
ships by type: cargo 8, petroleum tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Anguilla: none (2000 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda: total: 681 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,070,390 GRT/5,289,904 DWT
ships by type: bulk 15, cargo 424, chemical tanker 10, combination bulk 4, container 176, liquefied gas 4, multi-functional large-load carrier 6, petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 11, roll on/roll off 29
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Cyprus 2, Germany 4, Slovenia 2 (2000 est.)
Argentina: total: 26 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 185,355 GRT/281,475 DWT
ships by type: cargo 9, petroleum tanker 11, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 1, short-sea passenger 2 (2000 est.)
Aruba: total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,120 GRT/3,635 DWT
ships by type: cargo 1 (2000 est.)
Australia: total: 54 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,558,371 GRT/2,038,776 DWT
ships by type: bulk 26, cargo 3, chemical tanker 5, container 1, liquefied gas 4, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 7, roll on/roll off 6 (2000 est.)
Austria: total: 23 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 86,905 GRT/117,417 DWT
ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 18, combination bulk 2, container 2 (2000 est.)
Azerbaijan: total: 56 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 253,882 GRT/313,252 DWT
ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 12, petroleum tanker 40, roll on/roll off 2, short-sea passenger 1 (2000 est.)
Bahamas, The: total: 1,049 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 30,000,221 GRT/44,601,471 DWT
ships by type: bulk 185, cargo 214, chemical tanker 36, combination bulk 15, combination ore/oil 22, container 66, liquefied gas 33, livestock carrier 1, multi-functional large-load carrier 4, passenger 79, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 182, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 118, roll on/roll off 50, short-sea passenger 15, specialized tanker 3, vehicle carrier 24
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Algeria 2, Australia 1, Austria 1, Bermuda 6, Belgium 14, Canada 1, Cuba 1, Cyprus 2, Denmark 17, Finland 7, France 9, Germany 9, Greece 89, Hong Kong 7, Indonesia 2, India 1, Israel 4, Italy 8, Japan 23, Jamaica 1, Kenya 1, Lebanon 2, Luxembourg 2, Monaco 15, Malaysia 1, Netherlands 16, Norway 139, Poland 3, Portugal 2, Russia 2, Saudi Arabia 5, Singapore 12, Spain 7, Sweden 14, Syria 1, Switzerland 7, UAE 1, Trinidad and Tobago 2, UK 67, Ukraine 3, US 50, British Virgin Islands 1, British Virgin Islands 1 (2000 est.)
Bahrain: total: 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 175,609 GRT/207,652 DWT
ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 3, container 2 (2000 est.)
Bangladesh: total: 35 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 268,566 GRT/375,110 DWT
ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 25, container 3, petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 2 (2000 est.)
Barbados: total: 47 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 671,545 GRT/1,125,635 DWT
ships by type: bulk 10, cargo 28, combination bulk 1, container 2, petroleum tanker 4, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Canada 2, Hong Kong 1 (2000 est.)
Belgium: total: 21 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 32,912 GRT/53,161 DWT
ships by type: cargo 6, chemical tanker 9, petroleum tanker 6 (2000 est.)
Belize: total: 402 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,575,851 GRT/2,241,731 DWT
ships by type: bulk 27, cargo 265, chemical tanker 6, combination ore/oil 1, container 14, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 56, refrigerated cargo 18, roll on/roll off 7, short-sea passenger 1, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 3
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Cuba 1, Singapore 1, US 1 (2000 est.)
Benin: none (2000 est.)
Bermuda: total: 105 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,836,538 GRT/9,728,045 DWT
ships by type: bulk 27, cargo 4, container 15, liquefied gas 7, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 23, refrigerated cargo 16, roll on/roll off 8, short-sea passenger 3
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Canada 10, Hong Kong 10, Japan 1, Nigeria 4, Saudi Arabia 1, Sweden 3, Switzerland 2, UK 10, US 7 (2000 est.)
Bolivia: total: 42 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 141,017 GRT/211,058 DWT
ships by type: bulk 5, cargo 20, chemical tanker 3, container 1, petroleum tanker 10, roll on/roll off 3 (2000 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: none (2000 est.)
Brazil: total: 171 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,788,999 GRT/6,067,314 DWT
ships by type: bulk 33, cargo 26, chemical tanker 5, combination ore/oil 9, container 12, liquefied gas 11, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 56, roll on/roll off 12, short-sea passenger 1 (2000 est.)
British Virgin Islands: total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 70,285 GRT/6,946 DWT
ships by type: passenger 1 (2000 est.)
Brunei: total: 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 348,476 GRT/340,635 DWT
ships by type: liquefied gas 7 (2000 est.)
Bulgaria: total: 81 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 938,706 GRT/1,440,374 DWT
ships by type: bulk 44, cargo 16, chemical tanker 4, container 2, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 6, railcar carrier 2, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 3, short-sea passenger 1, specialized tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Burma: total: 37 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 411,181 GRT/632,769 DWT
ships by type: bulk 11, cargo 20, container 1, passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 2
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Japan 2 (2000 est.)
Cambodia: total: 295 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,305,932 GRT/1,853,487 DWT
ships by type: bulk 22, cargo 237, chemical tanker 1, combination bulk 3, container 8, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 2, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 7, refrigerated cargo 6, roll on/roll off 5, short-sea passenger 1
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Cyprus 3, South Korea 1, Malta 1, Panama 1, Russia 1, Singapore 1 (2000 est.)
Canada: total: 121 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,767,259 GRT/2,633,290 DWT
ships by type: barge carrier 1, bulk 67, cargo 13, chemical tanker 5, combination bulk 1, passenger 3, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 17, railcar carrier 2, roll on/roll off 7, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Cape Verde: total: 5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 9,523 GRT/11,798 DWT
ships by type: cargo 4, chemical tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Cayman Islands: total: 106 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,656,452 GRT/2,643,036 DWT
ships by type: bulk 21, cargo 5, chemical tanker 27, container 4, liquefied gas 1, petroleum tanker 13, refrigerated cargo 30, roll on/roll off 4, specialized tanker 1
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Cyprus 2, Denmark 2, Finland 1, Greece 11, Norway 3, UK 3, US 3 (2000 est.)
Chile: total: 44 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 606,506 GRT/884,023 DWT
ships by type: bulk 11, cargo 7, chemical tanker 8, container 4, liquefied gas 2, passenger 3, petroleum tanker 4, roll on/roll off 3, vehicle carrier 2 (2000 est.)
China: total: 1,745 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 16,533,521 GRT/24,746,859 DWT
ships by type: barge carrier 2, bulk 324, cargo 825, chemical tanker 21, combination bulk 11, combination ore/oil 1, container 132, liquefied gas 24, multi-functional large-load carrier 5, passenger 7, passenger/cargo 45, petroleum tanker 258, refrigerated cargo 22, roll on/roll off 23, short-sea passenger 41, specialized tanker 3, vehicle carrier 1 (2000 est.)
Christmas Island: none (2000 est.)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: none (2000 est.)
Colombia: total: 13 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 53,322 GRT/69,444 DWT
ships by type: bulk 5, cargo 4, container 1, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, petroleum tanker 2 (2000 est.)
Comoros: total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 19,122 GRT/29,817 DWT
ships by type: cargo 2 (2000 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: none (2000 est.)
Cook Islands: total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,310 GRT/2,181 DWT
ships by type: cargo 1 (2000 est.)
Costa Rica: total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,716 GRT/NA DWT
ships by type: passenger 1 (2000 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire: total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,200 GRT/1,500 DWT
ships by type: petroleum tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Croatia: total: 53 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 631,853 GRT/969,739 DWT
ships by type: bulk 11, cargo 18, chemical tanker 1, combination bulk 5, container 3, multi-functional large-load carrier 3, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 4, short-sea passenger 3 (2000 est.)
Cuba: total: 15 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 54,821 GRT/78,062 DWT
ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 7, liquefied gas 1, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 5 (2000 est.)
Cyprus: total: 1,328 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 22,905,542 GRT/36,312,219 DWT
ships by type: barge carrier 2, bulk 431, cargo 438, chemical tanker 23, combination bulk 36, combination ore/oil 4, container 140, liquefied gas 6, passenger 8, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 143, refrigerated cargo 40, roll on/roll off 42, short-sea passenger 9, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 3
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Austria 8, Belgium 7, China 10, Cuba 10, Denmark 2, Germany 79, Greece 385, Hong Kong 9, Croatia 2, India 5, Iran 1, Israel 4, Italy 2, Japan 19, South Korea 3, Latvia 10, Lithuania 1, Monaco 1, Netherlands 13, Norway 11, Poland 9, Portugal 3, Russia 42, Singapore 1, Spain 5, Sudan 2, Sweden 3, Switzerland 2, UAE 6, UK 8, Ukraine 2, US 9, Venezuela 2 (2000 est.)
Denmark: total: 342 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,073,489 GRT/8,027,002 DWT
ships by type: bulk 10, cargo 128, chemical tanker 27, container 76, liquefied gas 26, livestock carrier 6, petroleum tanker 22, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 13, roll on/roll off 23, short-sea passenger 7, specialized tanker 3
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Finland 1 (2000 est.)
Djibouti: total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,369 GRT/3,030 DWT
ships by type: cargo 1 (2000 est.)
Dominica: none (2000 est.)
Dominican Republic: total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,587 GRT/1,165 DWT
ships by type: cargo 1 (2000 est.)
Ecuador: total: 30 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 233,312 GRT/385,784 DWT
ships by type: cargo 2, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas 1, passenger 3, petroleum tanker 22, specialized tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Egypt: total: 181 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,336,678 GRT/1,982,220 DWT
ships by type: bulk 23, cargo 61, container 2, liquefied gas 1, passenger 61, petroleum tanker 15, roll on/roll off 15, short-sea passenger 3 (2000 est.)
El Salvador: none (2000 est.)
Equatorial Guinea: total: 12 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 26,035 GRT/27,927 DWT
ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 7, combination bulk 1, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 1 (2000 est.)
Eritrea: total: 5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 16,069 GRT/19,549 DWT
ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 1, liquefied gas 1, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1 (2000 est.)
Estonia: total: 44 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 253,460 GRT/219,727 DWT
ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 19, combination bulk 1, container 5, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 10, short-sea passenger 6 (2000 est.)
Ethiopia: total: 11 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 85,382 GRT/108,526 DWT
ships by type: cargo 6, container 1, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 3 (2000 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): none (2000 est.)
Faroe Islands: total: 6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 23,247 GRT/11,736 DWT
ships by type: cargo 2, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1, short-sea passenger 1 (2000 est.)
Fiji: total: 6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 11,870 GRT/14,787 DWT
ships by type: chemical tanker 2, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1, specialized tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Finland: total: 98 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,172,808 GRT/1,138,175 DWT
ships by type: bulk 9, cargo 23, chemical tanker 5, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 11, railcar carrier 1, roll on/roll off 37, short-sea passenger 11 (2000 est.)
France: total: 46 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 942,333 GRT/1,304,754 DWT
ships by type: bulk 3, cargo 4, chemical tanker 6, combination bulk 1, container 1, liquefied gas 3, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, passenger 3, petroleum tanker 17, roll on/roll off 4, short-sea passenger 3
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Germany 1 (2000 est.)
French Guiana: none (2000 est.)
French Polynesia: total: 4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,240 GRT/7,765 DWT
ships by type: cargo 1, passenger/cargo 2, refrigerated cargo 1 (2000 est.)
French Southern and Antarctic Lands: total: 74 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,024,194 GRT/5,255,703 DWT
ships by type: bulk 7, cargo 5, chemical tanker 9, container 11, liquefied gas 7, petroleum tanker 23, roll on/roll off 12
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: France 1 (2000 est.)
Gambia, The: none (2000 est.)
Georgia: total: 37 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 131,316 GRT/190,289 DWT
ships by type: bulk 3, cargo 25, chemical tanker 2, container 2, petroleum tanker 4, roll on/roll off 1 (2000 est.)
Germany: total: 457 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,414,724 GRT/7,952,776 DWT
ships by type: cargo 169, chemical tanker 10, combination ore/oil 1, container 243, liquefied gas 2, passenger 3, petroleum tanker 7, railcar carrier 2, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 12, short-sea passenger 7 (2000 est.)
Ghana: total: 6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 13,484 GRT/18,583 DWT
ships by type: petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 4 (2000 est.)
Gibraltar: total: 49 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 669,056 GRT/1,003,809 DWT
ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 15, chemical tanker 6, container 7, multi-functional large-load carrier 3, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 14, roll on/roll off 1 (2000 est.)
Greece: total: 780 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 25,564,988 GRT/44,761,916 DWT
ships by type: bulk 272, cargo 55, chemical tanker 22, combination bulk 5, combination ore/oil 6, container 51, liquefied gas 5, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, passenger 14, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 255, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 20, short-sea passenger 63, specialized tanker 5, vehicle carrier 1
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: South Korea 1, UK 4 (2000 est.)
Greenland: total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,289 GRT/1,500 DWT
ships by type: cargo 1, passenger 1 (2000 est.)
Grenada: none (2000 est.)
Guadeloupe: total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,240 GRT/109 DWT
ships by type: passenger 1 (2000 est.)
Guam: none (2000 est.)
Guatemala: none (2000 est.)
Guernsey: none (2000 est.)
Guinea: none (2000 est.)
Guinea-Bissau: none (2000 est.)
Guyana: total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,929 GRT/4,507 DWT
ships by type: cargo 2 (2000 est.)
Haiti: none (2000 est.)
Honduras: total: 313 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 760,819 GRT/820,582 DWT
ships by type: bulk 21, cargo 187, chemical tanker 7, container 4, livestock carrier 2, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 4, petroleum tanker 52, refrigerated cargo 17, roll on/roll off 8, short-sea passenger 5, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 2
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Russia 4, Singapore 2, Vietnam 1 (2000 est.)
Hong Kong: total: 354 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 10,330,662 GRT/17,227,315 DWT
ships by type: barge carrier 1, bulk 208, cargo 36, chemical tanker 7, combination bulk 2, container 59, liquefied gas 6, multi-functional large-load carrier 2, petroleum tanker 26, refrigerated cargo 3, short-sea passenger 1, vehicle carrier 3
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Bermuda 2, Belgium 1, Canada 2, China 9, Japan 3, Mongolia 1, Norway 1, South Africa 1, UK 7 (2000 est.)
Hungary: total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,199 GRT/1,050 DWT
ships by type: cargo 1 (2000 est.)
Iceland: total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,435 GRT/4,538 DWT
ships by type: chemical tanker 1, petroleum tanker 1 (2000 est.)
India: total: 315 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,433,831 GRT/10,691,973 DWT
ships by type: bulk 117, cargo 70, chemical tanker 15, combination bulk 1, combination ore/oil 3, container 15, liquefied gas 9, passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 76, short-sea passenger 2, specialized tanker 2 (2000 est.)
Indonesia: total: 609 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,698,157 GRT/3,723,933 DWT
ships by type: bulk 36, cargo 357, chemical tanker 10, container 25, liquefied gas 3, livestock carrier 1, passenger 7, passenger/cargo 14, petroleum tanker 117, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 15, short-sea passenger 8, specialized tanker 10, vehicle carrier 5 (2000 est.)
Iran: total: 152 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,097,977 GRT/7,131,688 DWT
ships by type: bulk 49, cargo 38, chemical tanker 4, combination bulk 1, container 10, liquefied gas 1, multi-functional large-load carrier 6, petroleum tanker 32, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 9, short-sea passenger 1
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Singapore 1 (2000 est.)
Iraq: total: 30 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 453,273 GRT/779,662 DWT
ships by type: cargo 14, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 12, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1 (2000 est.)
Ireland: total: 29 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 115,554 GRT/135,391 DWT
ships by type: bulk 4, cargo 22, container 2, short-sea passenger 1 (2000 est.)
Israel: total: 17 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 631,582 GRT/745,011 DWT
ships by type: container 16, roll on/roll off 1 (2000 est.)
Italy: total: 445 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 8,005,136 GRT/10,556,244 DWT
ships by type: bulk 44, cargo 41, chemical tanker 77, combination ore/oil 4, container 24, liquefied gas 38, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, passenger 11, petroleum tanker 85, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 64, short-sea passenger 26, specialized tanker 14, vehicle carrier 15 (2000 est.)
Jamaica: total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,930 GRT/3,065 DWT
ships by type: petroleum tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Japan: total: 630 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 11,691,174 GRT/15,484,848 DWT
ships by type: bulk 137, cargo 51, chemical tanker 15, combination bulk 22, combination ore/oil 3, container 22, liquefied gas 49, passenger 9, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 194, refrigerated cargo 15, roll on/roll off 49, short-sea passenger 6, vehicle carrier 56 (2000 est.)
Jersey: none (2000 est.)
Jordan: total: 6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 40,919 GRT/57,777 DWT
ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 3, container 1, roll on/roll off 1 (2000 est.)
Kenya: total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,893 GRT/6,255 DWT
ships by type: petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1 (2000 est.)
Kiribati: total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,291 GRT/1,295 DWT
ships by type: passenger/cargo 1 (2000 est.)
Korea, North: total: 110 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 661,792 GRT/903,367 DWT
ships by type: bulk 4, cargo 94, combination bulk 1, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 4, refrigerated cargo 1, short-sea passenger 2 (2000 est.)
Korea, South: total: 496 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,421,993 GRT/8,757,034 DWT
ships by type: bulk 105, cargo 168, chemical tanker 38, combination bulk 5, container 49, liquefied gas 16, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, passenger 3, petroleum tanker 70, refrigerated cargo 27, roll on/roll off 4, short-sea passenger 1, specialized tanker 4, vehicle carrier 5 (2000 est.)
Kuwait: total: 45 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,461,072 GRT/3,966,645 DWT
ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 6, container 6, liquefied gas 7, livestock carrier 5, petroleum tanker 20 (2000 est.)
Laos: total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,370 GRT/3,000 DWT
ships by type: cargo 1 (2000 est.)
Latvia: total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 27,984 GRT/29,978 DWT
ships by type: cargo 2, petroleum tanker 3, refrigerated cargo 3 (2000 est.)
Lebanon: total: 71 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 379,705 GRT/592,672 DWT
ships by type: bulk 10, cargo 42, chemical tanker 1, combination bulk 1, combination ore/oil 1, container 4, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 5, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 2, vehicle carrier 3
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Netherlands 1, Syria 1 (2000 est.)
Liberia: total: 1,478 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 49,456,361 GRT/76,620,648 DWT
ships by type: barge carrier 3, bulk 324, cargo 97, chemical tanker 163, combination bulk 20, combination ore/oil 38, container 245, liquefied gas 97, multi-functional large-load carrier 4, passenger 24, petroleum tanker 310, refrigerated cargo 74, roll on/roll off 19, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 12, vehicle carrier 45
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Argentina 8, Australia 1, Ashmore and Cartier Islands 1, Austria 5, Bermuda 5, Belgium 5, Burma 1, Brazil 8, Canada 1, China 28, Chile 7, Costa Rica 8, Cyprus 27, Denmark 4, Ecuador 1, Germany 117, Greece 83, Hong Kong 54, Croatia 9, Indonesia 2, India 8, Israel 1, Italy 8, Japan 85, South Korea 8, Latvia 15, Monaco 28, Mexico 6, Malaysia 1, Nigeria 1, Netherlands 7, Norway 86, Netherlands Antilles 1, NZ 1, Poland 2, Portugal 2, Philippines 1, Russia 22, Saudi Arabia 20, South Africa 1, Slovenia 1, Singapore 30, Spain 1, Sweden 8, Switzerland 23, UAE 5, Taiwan 10, UK 15, US 85, Uruguay 1, Vietnam 1 (2000 est.)
Libya: total: 28 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 399,725 GRT/654,843 DWT
ships by type: cargo 10, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 6, roll on/roll off 4, short-sea passenger 4 (2000 est.)
Lithuania: total: 50 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 293,168 GRT/327,827 DWT
ships by type: cargo 26, combination bulk 10, petroleum tanker 2, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 7, roll on/roll off 1, short-sea passenger 3 (2000 est.)
Luxembourg: total: 50 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 988,450 GRT/1,313,498 DWT
ships by type: bulk 2, chemical tanker 11, container 2, liquefied gas 18, passenger 4, petroleum tanker 6, roll on/roll off 7
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 4 (2000 est.)
Macau: none (2000 est.)
Madagascar: total: 13 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 24,819 GRT/34,173 DWT
ships by type: cargo 7, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas 1, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 2 (2000 est.)
Malaysia: total: 362 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,103,657 GRT/7,574,999 DWT
ships by type: bulk 62, cargo 110, chemical tanker 35, container 60, liquefied gas 20, livestock carrier 1, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 58, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 6, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 6 (2000 est.)
Maldives: total: 17 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 58,604 GRT/81,451 DWT
ships by type: cargo 16, short-sea passenger 1 (2000 est.)
Malta: total: 1,414 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 28,191,090 GRT/46,773,603 DWT
ships by type: bulk 443, cargo 394, chemical tanker 48, combination bulk 12, combination ore/oil 14, container 69, liquefied gas 2, livestock carrier 3, multi-functional large-load carrier 2, passenger 7, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 296, refrigerated cargo 37, roll on/roll off 50, short-sea passenger 15, specialized tanker 3, vehicle carrier 18
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Argentina 1, Bermuda 1, Belgium 1, Bangladesh 2, Bulgaria 11, China 7, Costa Rica 1, Cuba 2, Cyprus 15, Denmark 1, Estonia 2, Finland 1, Germany 23, Greece 258, Hong Kong 3, Croatia 9, Hungary 1, India 2, Israel 2, Italy 17, South Korea 1, Lebanon 2, Latvia 2, Lithuania 1, Monaco 14, Nigeria 1, Netherlands 10, Norway 31, Poland 8, Romania 3, Russia 39, Singapore 6, Spain 3, Sweden 3, Syria 1, Switzerland 25, UAE 2, Turkey 24, UK 8, Ukraine 9, US 9, Venezuela 1, Vietnam 1 (2000 est.)
Man, Isle of: total: 157 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,917,402 GRT/8,333,858 DWT
ships by type: bulk 27, cargo 13, chemical tanker 11, combination bulk 3, container 20, liquefied gas 13, petroleum tanker 43, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 18, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 5
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 1, Denmark 1, Germany 1, Netherlands 1, Sweden 1, UK 3 (2000 est.)
Marshall Islands: total: 212 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 9,768,406 GRT/16,242,699 DWT
ships by type: bulk 63, cargo 9, chemical tanker 10, combination ore/oil 2, container 29, liquefied gas 10, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, petroleum tanker 87, vehicle carrier 1
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Cyprus 1, Germany 1, Japan 1, US 6 (2000 est.)
Martinique: none (2000 est.)
Mauritania: none (2000 est.)
Mauritius: total: 9 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 61,909 GRT/87,313 DWT
ships by type: cargo 2, combination bulk 2, container 2, liquefied gas 1, refrigerated cargo 2
note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: India 1 (2000 est.)
Mayotte: none (2000 est.)
Mexico: total: 43 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 590,657 GRT/920,456 DWT
ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 1, chemical tanker 4, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 28, roll on/roll off 2, short-sea passenger 3 (2000 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of: none (2000 est.)
Monaco: none (2000 est.)
Montserrat: none (2000 est.)
Morocco: total: 41 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 223,052 GRT/272,786 DWT
ships by type: cargo 9, chemical tanker 6, container 5, petroleum tanker 3, refrigerated cargo 9, roll on/roll off 8, short-sea passenger 1 (2000 est.)
Mozambique: total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,125 GRT/7,024 DWT
ships by type: cargo 3 (2000 est.)
Namibia: none (2000 est.)
Nauru: none (2000 est.)
Netherlands: total: 596 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,321,500 GRT/4,877,632 DWT
ships by type: bulk 3, cargo 371, chemical tanker 43, container 59, liquefied gas 21, livestock carrier 1, multi-functional large-load carrier 9, passenger 8, petroleum tanker 26, refrigerated cargo 29, roll on/roll off 18, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 5 (2000 est.)
Netherlands Antilles: total: 123 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,113,774 GRT/1,397,841 DWT
ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 35, chemical tanker 2, combination ore/oil 3, container 19, liquefied gas 4, multi-functional large-load carrier 19, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 4, refrigerated cargo 28, roll on/roll off 7
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 8, Germany 1, Italy 1 (2000 est.)
New Caledonia: total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,261 GRT/1,600 DWT
ships by type: cargo 1 (2000 est.)
New Zealand: total: 9 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 72,389 GRT/109,018 DWT
ships by type: bulk 3, cargo 1, container 1, petroleum tanker 2, railcar carrier 1, roll on/roll off 1 (2000 est.)
Nicaragua: none (2000 est.)
Nigeria: total: 41 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 357,372 GRT/636,254 DWT
ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 10, chemical tanker 4, petroleum tanker 24, roll on/roll off 1, specialized tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Niue: none (2000 est.)
Norfolk Island: none (2000 est.)
Northern Mariana Islands: none (2000 est.)
Norway: total: 764 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 20,667,370 GRT/32,100,208 DWT
ships by type: bulk 89, cargo 139, chemical tanker 114, combination bulk 9, combination ore/oil 37, container 15, liquefied gas 84, passenger 10, petroleum tanker 151, refrigerated cargo 10, roll on/roll off 45, short-sea passenger 22, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 38
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Germany 1, Japan 1, Mexico 1, Sweden 1 (2000 est.)
Oman: total: 4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 18,167 GRT/11,307 DWT
ships by type: cargo 2, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 1 (2000 est.)
Pakistan: total: 17 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 240,605 GRT/367,040 DWT
ships by type: cargo 13, container 3, petroleum tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Palau: none (2000 est.)
Panama: total: 4,711 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 111,515,984 GRT/169,655,363 DWT
ships by type: bulk 1,381, cargo 925, chemical tanker 314, combination bulk 71, combination ore/oil 18, container 525, liquefied gas 193, livestock carrier 5, multi-functional large-load carrier 12, passenger 41, passenger/cargo 4, petroleum tanker 544, railcar carrier 2, refrigerated cargo 297, roll on/roll off 106, short-sea passenger 36, specialized tanker 29, vehicle carrier 208
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Argentina 11, Australia 1, Austria 1, Bermuda 21, Belgium 4, The Bahamas 7, Brazil 2, Canada 4, China 154, Chile 4, Cayman Islands 1, Colombia 6, Cuba 7, Cyprus 4, Denmark 12, Egypt 8, Ireland 2, Equatorial Guinea 1, Finland 1, France 4, Germany 17, Greece 248, Hong Kong 158, Honduras 2, Croatia 3, Indonesia 40, India 11, Iran 1, Israel 3, Italy 7, Japan 1,007, Jordan 2, South Korea 223, Latvia 4, Lithuania 1, Liberia 2, Monaco 43, Malta 1, Mexico 5, Malaysia 6, Netherlands 6, Norway 36, Netherlands Antilles 1, Peru 5, Pakistan 1, Portugal 5, Philippines 10, Russia 6, Saudi Arabia 6, Seychelles 2, South Africa 5, Singapore 73, Spain 35, Sweden 4, Syria 11, Switzerland 53, UAE 11, Thailand 15, Taiwan 170, UK 18, US 79, Venezuela 18, Samoa 1 (2000 est.)
Papua New Guinea: total: 20 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 35,361 GRT/51,096 DWT
ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 9, chemical tanker 1, combination ore/oil 3, container 1, petroleum tanker 3, roll on/roll off 2 (2000 est.)
Paraguay: total: 20 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 31,066 GRT/35,441 DWT
ships by type: cargo 14, chemical tanker 1, petroleum tanker 3, roll on/roll off 2 (2000 est.)
Peru: total: 6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 40,623 GRT/61,769 DWT
ships by type: cargo 5, petroleum tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Philippines: total: 459 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,653,062 GRT/8,512,326 DWT
ships by type: bulk 149, cargo 123, chemical tanker 4, combination bulk 10, container 5, liquefied gas 13, livestock carrier 10, passenger 4, passenger/cargo 12, petroleum tanker 42, refrigerated cargo 21, roll on/roll off 17, short-sea passenger 31, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 16
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Cyprus 1, Denmark 1, Hong Kong 5, Japan 14, Netherlands 1, Singapore 1, UK 1 (2000 est.)
Pitcairn Islands: none (2000 est.)
Poland: total: 46 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 943,540 GRT/1,532,694 DWT
ships by type: bulk 41, cargo 2, chemical tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1, short-sea passenger 1 (2000 est.)
Portugal: total: 158 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,053,586 GRT/1,611,238 DWT
ships by type: bulk 14, cargo 84, chemical tanker 16, container 10, liquefied gas 7, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, petroleum tanker 11, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 6, short-sea passenger 4, vehicle carrier 4
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Spain 1 (2000 est.)
Qatar: total: 25 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 677,992 GRT/1,049,447 DWT
ships by type: cargo 10, combination ore/oil 2, container 7, petroleum tanker 6 (2000 est.)
Reunion: total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 28,264 GRT/44,885 DWT
ships by type: chemical tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Romania: total: 95 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 695,227 GRT/931,598 DWT
ships by type: bulk 10, cargo 71, container 1, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 4, railcar carrier 2, roll on/roll off 4, specialized tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Russia: total: 878 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,314,485 GRT/5,344,958 DWT
ships by type: barge carrier 1, bulk 20, cargo 543, chemical tanker 4, combination bulk 21, combination ore/oil 7, container 31, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, passenger 35, passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 164, refrigerated cargo 24, roll on/roll off 17, short-sea passenger 7
note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Reunion 1 (2000 est.)
Saint Helena: none (2000 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis: none (2000 est.)
Saint Lucia: none (2000 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: none (2000 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: total: 800 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,705,336 GRT/10,134,002 DWT
ships by type: barge carrier 1, bulk 131, cargo 395, chemical tanker 29, combination bulk 12, combination ore/oil 1, container 46, liquefied gas 7, livestock carrier 3, multi-functional large-load carrier 4, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 56, refrigerated cargo 42, roll on/roll off 49, short-sea passenger 11, specialized tanker 10, vehicle carrier 1
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: China 4, Ireland 1, France 1, Greece 3, Hong Kong 1, Croatia 10, India 1, Japan 2, Monaco 1, Netherlands 1, Norway 2, Netherlands Antilles 1, Pakistan 1, Russia 1, Slovenia 5, UAE 1 (2000 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe: total: 39 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 130,843 GRT/149,048 DWT
ships by type: bulk 3, cargo 21, chemical tanker 1, container 3, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 1, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 5, specialized tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Saudi Arabia: total: 71 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,154,619 GRT/1,533,732 DWT
ships by type: cargo 11, chemical tanker 8, container 5, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 3, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 18, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 13, short-sea passenger 8 (2000 est.)
Seychelles: total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,353 GRT/7,638 DWT
ships by type: cargo 1 (2000 est.)
Sierra Leone: total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,057 GRT/3,498 DWT
ships by type: cargo 1 (2000 est.)
Singapore: total: 879 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 20,849,168 GRT/33,215,317 DWT
ships by type: bulk 134, cargo 111, chemical tanker 63, combination bulk 10, combination ore/oil 6, container 167, liquefied gas 28, livestock carrier 2, multi-functional large-load carrier 4, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 295, refrigerated cargo 7, roll on/roll off 7, short-sea passenger 1, specialized tanker 10, vehicle carrier 33
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Australia 1, Bermuda 12, Belgium 6, China 9, Denmark 29, Germany 8, Greece 1, Hong Kong 20, Indonesia 9, Japan 32, South Korea 3, Netherlands 2, Norway 9, Russia 1, Sweden 22, Thailand 22, Taiwan 17, UK 3, US 10 (2000 est.)
Slovakia: total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 15,041 GRT/19,517 DWT
ships by type: cargo 3 (2000 est.)
Solomon Islands: none (2000 est.)
Somalia: none (2000 est.)
South Africa: total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 271,650 GRT/268,604 DWT
ships by type: container 6, petroleum tanker 2 (2000 est.)
Spain: total: 135 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,208,730 GRT/1,773,378 DWT
ships by type: bulk 10, cargo 26, chemical tanker 10, container 9, liquefied gas 2, livestock carrier 1, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 24, refrigerated cargo 5, roll on/roll off 35, short-sea passenger 8, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 3 (2000 est.)
Sri Lanka: total: 20 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 149,902 GRT/247,852 DWT
ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 16, container 1, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 1 (2000 est.)
Sudan: total: 4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 38,093 GRT/49,727 DWT
ships by type: cargo 2, roll on/roll off 2 (2000 est.)
Suriname: total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,432 GRT/4,525 DWT
ships by type: cargo 1, container 1, petroleum tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Svalbard: none (2000 est.)
Sweden: total: 167 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,205,370 GRT/1,663,091 DWT
ships by type: bulk 5, cargo 28, chemical tanker 31, combination ore/oil 4, liquefied gas 1, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 29, railcar carrier 1, roll on/roll off 40, short-sea passenger 4, specialized tanker 6, vehicle carrier 17 (2000 est.)
Switzerland: total: 24 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 435,966 GRT/780,458 DWT
ships by type: bulk 12, cargo 6, chemical tanker 5, petroleum tanker 1
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: UK 1 (2000 est.)
Syria: total: 133 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 425,392 GRT/612,097 DWT
ships by type: bulk 11, cargo 117, livestock carrier 4, roll on/roll off 1 (2000 est.)
Tanzania: total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 21,987 GRT/27,121 DWT
ships by type: cargo 2, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1, short-sea passenger 1 (2000 est.)
Thailand: total: 294 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,845,972 GRT/2,923,914 DWT
ships by type: bulk 36, cargo 133, chemical tanker 3, combination bulk 1, container 14, liquefied gas 20, multi-functional large-load carrier 3, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 61, refrigerated cargo 13, roll on/roll off 2, short-sea passenger 2, specialized tanker 5 (2000 est.)
Togo: total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,603 GRT/2,800 DWT
ships by type: specialized tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Tokelau: none (2000 est.)
Tonga: total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 20,626 GRT/29,468 DWT
ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 2, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1 (2000 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago: total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,439 GRT/4,040 DWT
ships by type: cargo 1, petroleum tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Tunisia: total: 15 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 149,554 GRT/156,861 DWT
ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 4, chemical tanker 3, liquefied gas 1, petroleum tanker 1, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Turkey: total: 548 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,617,302 GRT/9,088,451 DWT
ships by type: bulk 140, cargo 242, chemical tanker 41, combination bulk 5, combination ore/oil 6, container 21, liquefied gas 6, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 43, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 25, short-sea passenger 10, specialized tanker 5 (2000 est.)
Turkmenistan: total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,459 GRT/8,865 DWT
ships by type: container 1 (2000 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands: none (2000 est.)
Tuvalu: total: 9 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 52,135 GRT/68,300 DWT
ships by type: cargo 5, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 2 (2000 est.)
Uganda: total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,091 GRT/8,229 DWT
ships by type: roll on/roll off
note: these ships are in cargo and passenger service on Uganda's inland waterways (2000 est.)
Ukraine: total: 156 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 757,582 GRT/841,755 DWT
ships by type: bulk 8, cargo 110, container 3, liquefied gas 2, passenger 11, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 14, railcar carrier 2, roll on/roll off 2, short-sea passenger 2 (2000 est.)
United Arab Emirates: total: 70 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,094,256 GRT/1,421,333 DWT
ships by type: cargo 16, chemical tanker 3, container 17, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 1, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 24, roll on/roll off 6, specialized tanker 1 (2000 est.)
United Kingdom: total: 200 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,934,776 GRT/3,760,240 DWT
ships by type: bulk 4, cargo 31, chemical tanker 11, combination ore/oil 1, container 47, liquefied gas 3, passenger 14, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 52, refrigerated cargo 4, roll on/roll off 19, short-sea passenger 10, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 2
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Denmark 1 (2000 est.)
United States: total: 376 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 10,814,622 GRT/14,416,517 DWT
ships by type: barge carrier 9, bulk 68, cargo 29, chemical tanker 13, combination bulk 3, container 80, liquefied gas 1, multi-functional large-load carrier 3, passenger 9, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 98, roll on/roll off 49, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 9 (2000 est.)
Uruguay: total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 7,752 GRT/5,228 DWT
ships by type: petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1 (2000 est.)
Vanuatu: total: 54 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,067,384 GRT/1,330,543 DWT
ships by type: bulk 23, cargo 7, chemical tanker 3, combination bulk 2, container 1, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 7, vehicle carrier 6
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Australia 2, Canada 1, China 1, France 1, Greece 1, Hong Kong 1, Japan 22, Netherlands 1, Norway 1, Switzerland 1, US 4 (2000 est.)
Venezuela: total: 36 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 490,160 GRT/897,694 DWT
ships by type: bulk 7, cargo 10, liquefied gas 2, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 7, roll on/roll off 8, short-sea passenger 1 (2000 est.)
Vietnam: total: 143 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 705,388 GRT/1,071,902 DWT
ships by type: bulk 8, cargo 108, chemical tanker 1, combination bulk 1, container 2, liquefied gas 2, petroleum tanker 18, refrigerated cargo 3 (2000 est.)
Virgin Islands: none (2000 est.)
Wallis and Futuna: total: 4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 48,853 GRT/43,128 DWT
ships by type: passenger 3, petroleum tanker 1
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: France 1 (2000 est.)
Yemen: total: 4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 15,075 GRT/23,562 DWT
ships by type: cargo 1, petroleum tanker 3 (2000 est.)
Yugoslavia: total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,437 GRT/400 DWT
ships by type: short-sea passenger 1 (2000 est.)
Taiwan: total: 167 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,768,145 GRT/7,508,941 DWT
ships by type: bulk 45, cargo 29, combination bulk 1, container 65, petroleum tanker 17, refrigerated cargo 8, roll on/roll off 2 (2000 est.)
======================================================================
@Military - note
American Samoa: defense is the responsibility of the US
Andorra: defense is the responsibility of France and Spain
Anguilla: defense is the responsibility of the UK
Antarctica: the Antarctic Treaty prohibits any measures of a military nature, such as the establishment of military bases and fortifications, the carrying out of military maneuvers, or the testing of any type of weapon; it permits the use of military personnel or equipment for scientific research or for any other peaceful purposes
Aruba: defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Ashmore and Cartier Islands: defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force
Baker Island: defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard
Bassas da India: defense is the responsibility of France
Bermuda: defense is the responsibility of the UK
Bouvet Island: defense is the responsibility of Norway
British Indian Ocean Territory: defense is the responsibility of the UK; the US lease on Diego Garcia expires in 2016
British Virgin Islands: defense is the responsibility of the UK
Cayman Islands: defense is the responsibility of the UK
Christmas Island: defense is the responsibility of Australia
Clipperton Island: defense is the responsibility of France
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: defense is the responsibility of Australia
Cook Islands: defense is the responsibility of New Zealand, in consultation with the Cook Islands and at its request
Coral Sea Islands: defense is the responsibility of Australia; visited regularly by the Royal Australian Navy; Australia has control over the activities of visitors
Cuba: Moscow, for decades the key military supporter and supplier of Cuba, cut off almost all military aid by 1993
Europa Island: defense is the responsibility of France
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): defense is the responsibility of the UK
Faroe Islands: defense is the responsibility of Denmark
French Guiana: defense is the responsibility of France
French Polynesia: defense is the responsibility of France
French Southern and Antarctic Lands: defense is the responsibility of France
Georgia: a CIS peacekeeping force consisting of Russian troops is deployed in the Abkhazia region of Georgia together with a UN military observer group; a Russian peacekeeping battalion is deployed in South Ossetia
Gibraltar: defense is the responsibility of the UK
Glorioso Islands: defense is the responsibility of France
Greenland: defense is the responsibility of Denmark
Guadeloupe: defense is the responsibility of France
Guam: defense is the responsibility of the US
Guernsey: defense is the responsibility of the UK
Heard Island and McDonald Islands: defense is the responsibility of Australia
Holy See (Vatican City): defense is the responsibility of Italy; Swiss Papal Guards are posted at entrances to the Vatican City to provide security and protect the Pope
Hong Kong: defense is the responsibility of China
Howland Island: defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard
Iceland: defense is provided by the US-manned Icelandic Defense Force (IDF) headquartered at Keflavik
Jan Mayen: defense is the responsibility of Norway
Jarvis Island: defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard
Jersey: defense is the responsibility of the UK
Johnston Atoll: defense is the responsibility of the US
Juan de Nova Island: defense is the responsibility of France
Kingman Reef: defense is the responsibility of the US
Kiribati: Kiribati does not have military forces; defense assistance is provided by Australia and NZ
Lesotho: The Lesotho Government in 1999 began an open debate on the future structure, size, and role of the armed forces, especially considering the Lesotho Defense Force's (LDF) history of intervening in political affairs.
Liechtenstein: defense is the responsibility of Switzerland
Macau: responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999
Man, Isle of: defense is the responsibility of the UK
Marshall Islands: defense is the responsibility of the US
Martinique: defense is the responsibility of France
Mayotte: defense is the responsibility of France; small contingent of French forces stationed on the island
Micronesia, Federated States of: Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) is a sovereign, self-governing state in free association with the US; FSM is totally dependent on the US for its defense
Midway Islands: defense is the responsibility of the US
Monaco: defense is the responsibility of France
Montserrat: defense is the responsibility of the UK
Nauru: Nauru maintains no defense forces; under an informal agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia
Navassa Island: defense is the responsibility of the US
Netherlands Antilles: defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
New Caledonia: defense is the responsibility of France
Niue: defense is the responsibility of New Zealand
Norfolk Island: defense is the responsibility of Australia
Northern Mariana Islands: defense is the responsibility of the US
Palau: defense is the responsibility of the US; under a Compact of Free Association between Palau and the US, the US military is granted access to the islands for 50 years
Palmyra Atoll: defense is the responsibility of the US
Panama: on 10 February 1990, the government of then President ENDARA abolished Panama's military and reformed the security apparatus by creating the Panamanian Public Forces; in October 1994, Panama's Legislative Assembly approved a constitutional amendment prohibiting the creation of a standing military force, but allowing the temporary establishment of special police units to counter acts of "external aggression"
Paracel Islands: occupied by China
Pitcairn Islands: defense is the responsibility of the UK
Puerto Rico: defense is the responsibility of the US
Reunion: defense is the responsibility of France
Saint Helena: defense is the responsibility of the UK
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: defense is the responsibility of France
Samoa: Samoa has no formal defense structure or regular armed forces; informal defense ties exist with NZ, which is required to consider any Samoan request for assistance under the 1962 Treaty of Friendship
South Africa: the National Defense Force continues to integrate former military, black homelands forces, and ex-opposition forces
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands: defense is the responsibility of the UK
Spratly Islands: Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs, of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam
Svalbard: demilitarized by treaty (9 February 1920)
Tokelau: defense is the responsibility of New Zealand
Tromelin Island: defense is the responsibility of France
Turks and Caicos Islands: defense is the responsibility of the UK
Virgin Islands: defense is the responsibility of the US
Wake Island: defense is the responsibility of the US
Wallis and Futuna: defense is the responsibility of France
======================================================================
@Military branches
Afghanistan: NA; note - the military does not exist on a national basis; some elements of the former Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, National Guard, Border Guard Forces, National Police Force (Sarandoi), and tribal militias still exist but are factionalized among the various groups
Albania: Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Interior Ministry Troops, Border Guards
Algeria: National Popular Army, Navy, Air Force, Territorial Air Defense, National Gendarmerie
Angola: Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, National Police Force
Antigua and Barbuda: Royal Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force, Royal Antigua and Barbuda Police Force (includes Coast Guard)
Argentina: Argentine Army, Navy of the Argentine Republic (includes Naval Aviation, Marines, and Coast Guard), Argentine Air Force, National Gendarmerie, National Aeronautical Police Force
Armenia: Army, Air Force and Air Defense Aviation, Air Defense Force, Security Forces (internal and border troops)
Aruba: Royal Dutch Navy and Marines, Coast Guard
Australia: Australian Army, Royal Australian Navy, Royal Australian Air Force
Austria: Army (includes Flying Division)
Azerbaijan: Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Border Guards
Bahamas, The: Royal Bahamas Defense Force (Coast Guard only), Royal Bahamas Police Force
Bahrain: Ground Force, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard, Police Force
Bangladesh: Army, Navy, Coast Guard, Air Force, paramilitary forces (includes Bangladesh Rifles, Bangladesh Ansars, Village Defense Parties, National Cadet Corps), Armed Police battalions
Barbados: Royal Barbados Defense Force (includes Ground Forces and Coast Guard), Royal Barbados Police Force
Belarus: Army, Air Force, Air Defense Force, Interior Ministry Troops, Border Guards
Belgium: Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, Medical Service
Belize: Belize Defense Force (includes Army, Maritime Wing, Air Wing, and Volunteer Guard)
Benin: Armed Forces (includes Army, Navy, Air Force), National Gendarmerie
Bermuda: Bermuda Regiment, Bermuda Police Force, Bermuda Reserve Constabulary
Bhutan: Royal Bhutan Army, National Militia, Royal Bhutan Police, Royal Body Guards, Forest Guards (paramilitary)
Bolivia: Army (Ejercito Boliviano), Navy (Fuerza Naval Boliviana, includes Marines), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Boliviana), National Police Force (Policia Nacional de Bolivia)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: Federation Army or VF (composed of both Croatian and Bosniak elements), Republika Srpska Army or VRS (composed of Bosnian Serb elements); note - within both of these forces air and air defense are subordinate commands
Botswana: Botswana Defense Force (includes Army and Air Wing), Botswana National Police
Brazil: Brazilian Army, Brazilian Navy (includes naval air and marines), Brazilian Air Force, Federal Police (paramilitary)
Brunei: Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Royal Brunei Police
Bulgaria: Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Civil Defense Forces, Internal Troops
Burkina Faso: Army, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, National Police, People's Militia
Burma: Army, Navy, Air Force
Burundi: Army (includes naval and air units), paramilitary Gendarmerie
Cambodia: Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF), including Army, Navy, and Air Force - created in 1993 by the merger of the Cambodian People's Armed Forces and the two noncommunist resistance armies
note: Khmer Rouge and royalist insurgent forces were integrated into the RCAF in 1999
Cameroon: Army, Navy (includes Naval Infantry), Air Force, National Gendarmerie, Presidential Guard
Canada: Canadian Forces (includes Land Forces Command or LC, Maritime Command or MC, Air Command or AC, Communications Command or CC, Training Command or TC), Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)
Cape Verde: Army, Coast Guard/Marines
Cayman Islands: Royal Cayman Islands Police Force (RCIPF)
Central African Republic: Central African Armed Forces (includes Army, Air Force, Presidential Guard, National Gendarmerie, Police Force)
Chad: Armed Forces (includes Ground Force, Air Force, and Gendarmerie), Republican Guard, Rapid Intervention Force, Police, Rural and Nomadic Guard (GNNT)
Chile: Army, Navy (includes Naval Air, Coast Guard, and Marines), Air Force, Carabineros of Chile (National Police), Investigations Police
note: Carabineros and Investigations Police are normally administered by the Ministry of Interior, but in times of national emergency, they are considered part of the military
China: People's Liberation Army (PLA) - which includes Ground Forces, Navy (includes Marines and Naval Aviation), Air Force, Second Artillery Corps (the strategic missile force), People's Armed Police (internal security troops, nominally subordinate to Ministry of Public Security, but included by the Chinese as part of the "armed forces" and considered to be an adjunct to the PLA in wartime)
Colombia: Army (Ejercito Nacional), Navy (Armada Nacional, includes Marines and Coast Guard), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Colombiana), National Police (Policia Nacional)
Comoros: Comoran Security Force
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: Army, Navy, Air Force, Special Presidential Security Group
Congo, Republic of the: Army, Air Force, Navy, Gendarmerie
Costa Rica: Coast Guard, Air Section, Ministry of Public Security Force (Fuerza Publica)
note: Costa Rica has no military, only domestic police forces, including the Coast Guard and Air Section
Cote d'Ivoire: Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary Gendarmerie, Republican Guard (includes Presidential Guard), Sapeur-Pompier (Military Fire Group)
Croatia: Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces
Cuba: Revolutionary Armed Forces (FAR) includes ground forces, Revolutionary Navy (MGR), Air and Air Defense Force (DAAFAR), Territorial Troops Militia (MTT), and Youth Labor Army (EJT); the Border Guard (TGF) is controlled by the Interior Ministry
Cyprus: Greek Cypriot area: Greek Cypriot National Guard (GCNG; includes air and naval elements), Hellenic Forces Contingent on Cyprus (ELDYK), Greek Cypriot Police; Turkish Cypriot area: Turkish Cypriot Security Force (TCSF), Turkish mainland army units
Czech Republic: Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, Territorial Defense, Railroad Units
Denmark: Royal Danish Army, Royal Danish Navy, Royal Danish Air Force, Home Guard
Djibouti: Djibouti National Army (includes Navy and Air Force)
Dominica: Commonwealth of Dominica Police Force (includes Special Service Unit, Coast Guard)
Dominican Republic: Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police
Ecuador: Army (Ejercito Ecuatoriano), Navy (Armada Ecuatoriana, includes Marines), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Ecuatoriana), National Police (Policia Nacional)
Egypt: Army, Navy, Air Force, Air Defense Command
El Salvador: Army, Navy, Air Force
Equatorial Guinea: Army, Navy, Air Force, Rapid Intervention Force, National Police
Eritrea: Army, Navy, Air Force
Estonia: Ground Forces, Navy/Coast Guard, Air and Air Defense Force (not officially sanctioned), Maritime Border Guard, Volunteer Defense League (Kaitseliit), Security Forces (internal and border troops)
Ethiopia: Ground Forces, Air Force, Police, Militia
note: Ethiopia is landlocked and has no navy; following the independence of Eritrea, Ethiopian naval facilities remained in Eritrean possession and ships which belonged to the former Ethiopian Navy and based at Djibouti have been sold
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): British Forces Falkland Islands (includes Army, Royal Air Force, Royal Navy, and Royal Marines), Police Force
Faroe Islands: defense is the responsibility of Denmark; no organized native military forces; only a small Police Force and Coast Guard are maintained
Fiji: Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF; includes ground and naval forces)
Finland: Army, Navy, Air Force, Frontier Guard (includes Sea Guard)
France: Army (includes Marines), Navy (includes Naval Air), Air Force (includes Air Defense), National Gendarmerie
French Guiana: French Forces, Gendarmerie
French Polynesia: French Forces (includes Army, Navy, Air Force), Gendarmerie
Gabon: Army, Navy, Air Force, Republican Guard (charged with protecting the president and other senior officials), National Gendarmerie, National Police
Gambia, The: Army (includes marine unit), National Police, Presidential Guard
Gaza Strip: NA
Georgia: Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force and Air Defense Forces, National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border troops)
Germany: Army, Navy (includes Naval Air Arm), Air Force, Medical Corps, Border Police, Coast Guard
Ghana: Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police Force, Palace Guard, Civil Defense
Gibraltar: British Army, Royal Navy, Royal Air Force
Greece: Hellenic Army, Hellenic Navy, Hellenic Air Force, National Guard, Police
Grenada: Royal Grenada Police Force (includes Special Service Unit), Coast Guard
Guadeloupe: French Forces, Gendarmerie
Guatemala: Army, Navy, Air Force
Guinea: Army, Navy, Air Force, Republican Guard, Presidential Guard, paramilitary National Gendarmerie, National Police Force (Surete National)
Guinea-Bissau: People's Revolutionary Armed Force (FARP; includes Army, Navy, and Air Force), paramilitary force
Guyana: Guyana Defense Force (GDF; includes Ground Forces, Coast Guard, and Air Corps), Guyana People's Militia (GPM), Guyana National Service (GNS), Guyana Police Force
Haiti: Haitian National Police (HNP)
note: the regular Haitian Army, Navy, and Air Force have been demobilized but still exist on paper until constitutionally abolished
Honduras: Army, Navy (includes Marines), Air Force
Hong Kong: Hong Kong garrison of China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) including elements of the PLA Ground Forces, PLA Navy, and PLA Air Force; these forces are under the direct leadership of the Central Military Commission in Beijing and under administrative control of the adjacent Guangzhou Military Region
Hungary: Ground Forces, Air Force; note - there is a paramilitary Border Guard which is under the Ministry of Interior
Iceland: no regular armed forces; Police, Coast Guard; note - Iceland's defense is provided by the US-manned Icelandic Defense Force (IDF) headquartered at Keflavik
India: Army, Navy (including naval air arm), Air Force, various security or paramilitary forces (includes Border Security Force, Assam Rifles, Rashtriya Rifles, and National Security Guards)
Indonesia: Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines
note: as of 1 July 2000, the National Police became an independent organization that reports directly to the president
Iran: Islamic Republic of Iran regular forces (includes Ground Forces, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces), Revolutionary Guards (includes Ground, Air, Navy, Qods, and Basij-mobilization-forces), Law Enforcement Forces
Iraq: Army, Republican Guard, Navy, Air Force, Air Defense Force, Border Guard Force, Fedayeen Saddam
Ireland: Army (includes Naval Service and Air Corps), National Police (Garda Siochana)
Israel: Israel Defense Forces (includes ground, naval, and air components), Pioneer Fighting Youth (Nahal), Frontier Guard, Chen (women); note - historically there have been no separate Israeli military services
Italy: Army, Navy, Air Force, Carabinieri
Jamaica: Jamaica Defense Force (includes Ground Forces, Coast Guard, and Air Wing), Jamaica Constabulary Force
Japan: Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (Army), Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (Navy), Japan Air Self-Defense Force (Air Force)
Jordan: Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF; includes Royal Jordanian Land Force, Royal Naval Force, and Royal Jordanian Air Force); Ministry of the Interior's Public Security Force (falls under JAF only in wartime or crisis situations)
Kazakhstan: General Purpose Forces (Army), Air Force, Border Guards, Navy, Republican Guard
Kenya: Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary General Service Unit of the Police
Kiribati: no regular military forces; Police Force (carries out law enforcement functions and paramilitary duties; small police posts are on all islands)
Korea, North: Korean People's Army (includes Army, Navy, Air Force), Civil Security Forces
Korea, South: Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, National Maritime Police (Coast Guard)
Kuwait: Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police Force, National Guard, Coast Guard
Kyrgyzstan: Army, Air and Air Defense, Security Forces, Border Troops
Laos: Lao People's Army (LPA; includes riverine element), Air Force, National Police Department
Latvia: Ground Forces, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Security Forces, Border Guard, Home Guard (Zemessardze)
Lebanon: Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF; includes Army, Navy, and Air Force)
Lesotho: Lesotho Defense Force (LDF; includes Army and Air Wing), Royal Lesotho Mounted Police (RLMP)
Liberia: Army, Air Force, Navy
Libya: Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Command
Lithuania: Ground Forces, Navy, Air and Air Defense Force, Security Forces (internal and border troops), National Guard (Skat)
Luxembourg: Army; note - the government abolished the Gendarmerie
Macau: Macau garrison of China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) includes about 500 troops
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: Army (includes Air and Air Defense Forces), Police Force
Madagascar: Popular Armed Forces (includes Intervention Forces, Development Forces, Aeronaval Forces - includes Navy and Air Force), Gendarmerie, Presidential Security Regiment
Malawi: Army (includes Air Wing and Naval Detachment), Police (includes paramilitary Mobile Force Unit)
Malaysia: Malaysian Army, Royal Malaysian Navy, Royal Malaysian Air Force, Royal Malaysian Police Force, Marine Police, Sarawak Border Scouts
Maldives: National Security Service
Mali: Army, Air Force, Gendarmerie, Republican Guard, National Guard, National Police (Surete Nationale)
Malta: Armed Forces (including land forces, an air squadron, a maritime squadron, and the Revenue Security Corps), Maltese Police Force
Marshall Islands: no regular military forces (a coast guard may be established); Police Force
Martinique: French forces (Army, Navy, Air Force), Gendarmerie
Mauritania: Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, National Guard, National Police, Presidential Guard
Mauritius: National Police Force (includes the paramilitary Special Mobile Force or SMF and National Coast Guard)
Mexico: National Defense Secretariat (includes Army and Air Force), Navy Secretariat (includes Naval Air and Naval Infantry)
Moldova: Ground Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops)
Mongolia: Mongolian Armed Forces (includes General Purpose Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Civil Defense Troops); note - Border Troops are under Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs in peacetime
Montserrat: Police Force
Morocco: Royal Armed Forces (includes Army, Navy, Air Force), Gendarmerie, Auxiliary Forces
Mozambique: Army, Naval Command, Air and Air Defense Forces, Militia
Namibia: National Defense Force (Army), Police
Nauru: no regular armed forces; Directorate of the Nauru Police Force
Nepal: Royal Nepalese Army (includes Royal Nepalese Army Air Service), Nepalese Police Force
Netherlands: Royal Netherlands Army, Royal Netherlands Navy (includes Naval Air Service and Marine Corps), Royal Netherlands Air Force, Royal Constabulary
Netherlands Antilles: Royal Netherlands Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, National Guard, Police Force
New Caledonia: French Armed Forces (Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie); Police Force
New Zealand: New Zealand Army, Royal New Zealand Navy, Royal New Zealand Air Force
Nicaragua: Army, Navy, Air Force
Niger: Army, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, Republican Guard, National Police
Nigeria: Army, Navy, Air Force
Niue: Police Force
Norway: Norwegian Army, Royal Norwegian Navy (includes Coast Artillery and Coast Guard), Royal Norwegian Air Force, Home Guard
Oman: Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary (includes Royal Oman Police)
Pakistan: Army, Navy, Air Force, Civil Armed Forces, National Guard
Palau: NA
Panama: an amendment to the Constitution abolished the armed forces, but there are security forces (Panamanian Public Forces or PPF includes the Panamanian National Police, National Maritime Service, and National Air Service)
Papua New Guinea: Papua New Guinea Defense Force (includes Ground, Naval, and Air Forces, and Special Forces Unit)
Paraguay: Army, Navy (includes Naval Air and Marines), Air Force
Peru: Army (Ejercito Peruano), Navy (Marina de Guerra del Peru; includes Naval Air, Marines, and Coast Guard), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea del Peru), National Police (Policia Nacional)
Philippines: Army, Navy (includes Coast Guard and Marine Corps), Air Force
Poland: Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Force
Portugal: Army, Navy (includes Marines), Air Force, National Republican Guard
Puerto Rico: paramilitary National Guard, Police Force
Qatar: Army, Navy, Air Force, Public Security
Reunion: French forces (Army, Navy, Air Force, and Gendarmerie)
Romania: Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Paramilitary Forces, Civil Defense
Russia: Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force, Strategic Rocket Forces
Rwanda: Army, Navy, Air Force
Saint Kitts and Nevis: Royal Saint Kitts and Nevis Police Force, Coast Guard, Royal Saint Kitts and Nevis Defense Force
Saint Lucia: Royal Saint Lucia Police Force (includes Special Service Unit), Coast Guard
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Royal Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Police Force (includes Special Service Unit), Coast Guard
Samoa: no regular armed services; Samoa Police Force
San Marino: Voluntary Military Force, Police Force