Animal husbandry for schools

Front matter

n

RURAL TEXT-BOOK SERIES

I a^rSsa lAllill

Preface

This book is designed to introduce students to the study of Animal Husbandly in the schools, and also in colleges when only a short time can be given to the subject. Possibly it may be useful to the farmer or general reader who desires a book treating of the several classes of farm animals.

Now that agriculture is becoming recognized as an educational subject, there is an increasing demand for the subject-matter involved. Especially is there a demand for knowledge concerning the farm animals. It has been the aim of the author to cover the work very largely from a practical point of view. This is done with the thought that the pupils should be brought into close touch with actual farm affairs. In all courses of study involving the consideration of material objects, it is important to recognize that the pupil should study not only about the thing, but should study the object itself. In Animal Husbandry, especially, the importance of studying animals in all their circumstances cannot be too strongly recommended. Unfortunately this is not always possible, since many of the schools lack facilities and are far removed from the farms.

The arrangement of the subject-matter in a textbook of this class is important. There is utter lack of agreement among Animal Husbandry instructors as to the method of presenting the subject. The method here employed was chosen after careful consideration as the most adaptable for beginners. Each class of farm animals is considered separately, the subject-matter being arranged under similar chapter headings. This has been done to clarify the text, and to make it possible for the teacher to consider the types and breeds of the several classes, the judging, feeding, management, and the like, without respect to a particular class, if he so desires.

The author realizes that it is often difficult to introduce Animal Husbandry into the schools, largely because of the lack of facilities.

vi Preface

With this difficulty in mind, many exercises or practicums are suggested in the Appendix, in order that the teacher may choose such as he requires, or as his facilities permit. At least one exercise should be used each week. The exercises may be considered in any order to suit the convenience of the teacher. Neither the substance nor the form here proposed is vital. The teacher can modify them to suit his needs or plan others along similar lines.

When at all convenient, the teacher and pupils should visit stables, where animals are housed. This will provide an opportunity to study at first hand the subject-matter discussed in the text, and will add greatly to the interest and value of the work.

Realizing the difficulties of presenting Animal Husbandry in the schools, the author will be glad to correspond with teachers concerning their work, and also to receive criticisms or suggestions as to changes they find desirable in the text.

M. W. HARPER.

Ithaca, N. Y.

PART ONE — HORSES CHAPTER I The light type — The heavy type

The Light Breeds of Horses 4

The Thoroughbred horse — History of the Thoroughbred horse — Description of the Thoroughbred horse — Famous Thoroughbred races — English track records — American track records — The Arabian horse — The Arabian compared with the Thoroughbred — The American Saddle horse — The American Saddle horse compared with the Thoroughbred — The Standardbred horse — History of the Standardbred horse — Hambletonian 10 — The Standardbred compared with the Thoroughbred — Trotting and pacing records.

The Coach Breeds of Horses 14

The Hackney Coach horse — Description of the Hackney — The French Coach horse — Classes of horses in France — Tne French Coach compared with the Hackney — The German Coach horse — German Coach compared with the Hackney — The Cleveland Bay Coach horse — Cleveland Bay compared with the Hackney.

The Draft Breeds of Horses 20

The Percheron draft horse — Description of the Percheron — The French draft horse — The Clydesdale draft horse — Clydesdale compared with the Percheron — The Shire draft horse — Shire compared with the Percheron — The Belgian draft horse — Belgian compared with the Percheron — The Suffolk draft horse — Suffolk compared with the Percheron.

The Pony Breeds of Horses 29

The Shetland pony — Welsh pony compared with the Shetland — Arabian and Hackney ponies — Mexican and Indian ponies.

The Breeds of Donkeys 31

The mule and hinny.

vii viii Contents

CHAPTER II How to estimate the Age of a Horse 34

Colt — Three years old — Four years old — Five years old — Six years old — Seven years old — Eight years old — Nine years old — Ten years old — Eleven years old — Aged horses.

Detecting Unsoundness 38

Blemish — Unsoundness — Impaired vision — Defective hearing — Poll-evil — Sweenied shoulders — Fistulse — Splints — Ring-bone — Side-bone — Scratches — Unsound hoofs — Thoroughpin — Spavin — Curb — Forging and overreaching.

. The Horse Score-card 40

Method of using the score-card — Rules of scoring — Score-card for horses — Measurements of horses.

General Appearance in Light Horses 44

The height — Form — Action — Quality — Temperament. Detail Characters or Features of a Light Horse .... 47

Head — Neck — Chest — Shoulders — Arms — Elbows — Forearms — Knees — Cannons — Fetlocks — Pasterns — Feet — Ribs — Body — Loins — Croup — Thigh — Hocks .

Judging a Heavy Horse 50

General appearance in heavy horses — Weight — Form — Action — Market classes of horses.

Questions 52

CHAPTER III Food 54

Use of food — Composition of food — Water — Ash — Protein — Carbohydrates — Fat.

Functions of Food Materials . 58

Water — Ash — Protein — Carbohydrates — Fat.

Digestibility of Food 60

Digestion — Size of digestive organs — Digestible nutrients — Digestibility of food materials.

Maintenance Rations and Productive Rations 63

Maintenance rations — Productive rations — Feeding-standards for farm animals.

Contents ix

Balanced Eation 65

Nutritive-ratio — Computing rations — Wolff-Lehman Method

— Armsby's method.

Chapter IV

Food requirements for work — Regularity in feeding — Order of supplying food — Watering the horse — Salt — Individual rations.

Feeding the Work Horse 73

Amount to feed — Method of feeding — Cost of a ration — Feeding mules — Feeding the brood mare.

Feeding the Foal 76

Food for the young foal — Feeding grain — Weaning the foal — Sample rations for the horse.

Questions 80

Chapter V

Plan for improvement — Cooperative breeding — Selecting breeding stock — The breed and type — Uniformity — Soundness — Registration of farm animals.

Grooming and Care 85

Care of the horse's teeth — Clipping — Bedding the horse — Blankets — Stable blanket — Outdoor blanket — Care of the feet — Growth of hoof — Shoeing — Treating sick horses — Feeding sick horses.

Training the Colt 90

Handling the colt — Training to the halter — Training to drive with lines — Training to the uses of the bit — Importance of a good mouth — Bitting the colt — Harnessing the colt — Hitching double — Hitching single.

Harness and Harnessing 97

The bridle — The bit — The check-rein — Fitting the collar

— Breast harness — Fitting the back-strap and crupper — Fly nets — Caring for harness.

CHAPTER VI The dairy type — The beef type

The Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle 108

Jersey dairy cattle — Inspection of Jersey cattle — Description of Jersey cattle — Jersey milk and butter-fat records — Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle — Description of Holstein-Friesian cattle — Holstein-Friesian milk and butter-fat records — Guernsey dairy cattle — Description of Guernsey cattle — Guernsey milk and butter-fat records — Ayrshire dairy cattle

— Description of Ayrshire cattle — Ayrshire milk and butter-fat records.

The Minor Breeds of Dairy Cattle 118

Dutch-Belted cattle — Brown Swiss cattle — French-Canadian cattle — The Kerry cattle.

The Major Breeds of Beef Cattle 119

Shorthorn beef cattle — Shorthorn families — Description of Shorthorn cattle — Hereford beef cattle — Hereford compared with the Shorthorn — Aberdeen Angus beef cattle — Aberdeen Angus families — Aberdeen Angus compared with Shorthorn — Galloway beef cattle — Galloway compared with the Shorthorn.

The Minor Breeds of Beef Cattle 126

Polled Durham cattle — Devon cattle — Red Polled cattle

— Sussex cattle — West Highland cattle.

Chapter VII

How to estimate the age of cattle — Examination of the horns.

Judging Dairy Cattle • . . . . 131

Score-card for dairy cattle — Measurements of cattle.

General Characteristics in Dairy Cattle 133

Form — Quality — Constitution — Temperament.

Contents xi

Detail Characteristics of a Dairy Cow 135

Head — Neck — Forequarters — Body — Hindquarters — Udder — Milk veins — Milk signs.

Judging Beef Cattle 137

Score-card for Beef Cattle.

General considerations of Beef Cattle ...... 139

Form of beef cattle — Quality of beef cattle — Condition of the feeder — Uniformity among feeders.

Detail Characteristics of Beef Cattle 140

Head — Neck — Forequarters — Body — Hindquarters — Fat steer — Market classes of beef cattle — Cuts of beef. Questions 143

CHAPTER VIII Food requirements for milk

Effect of Food on the Composition of Milk 145

Effect of food on total solids — Effect of food on the percentage of fat — Food and flavor of milk — Order of supplying food — Effect of food on quantity of milk — Watering the milking cow.

Feeding the Milking Cow 148

Summer feeding of dairy cattle — Soiling — Winter feeding of dairy cattle — Concentrated feeds — Dry forage — Succulent feeds — Silage — Roots and tubers.

The Calf 152

Feeding the calf — Danger of overfeeding calf — Calf on whole milk — Calf on skim-milk — Removing horns from young calves — Sample rations for the dairy cow. Questions 155

CHAPTER IX Sanitary Milk 157

The cow — The stables — Milk-house — Milk utensils — Milking — Milking machines — Milk-records — Method of keeping records — Value of milk-records.

Testing Milk for Butter-fat 161

Sampling the milk — Using the acid — Whirling the bottles — Reading the percentage of fat — Testing associations — General plan of organization — Records of performance and

Xll of breeding — The individual animal the unit of improvement — Formation of the dairy herd.

The Dairy Barn . 166

Light in abundance should enter the dairy barn — Ventilation essential to health — King's system Of ventilation — Window ventilation — Floors are best made of cement — The silo — The size of the silo — Filling the silo.

Diseases of Cattle 171

Tuberculosis — Methods of infection — Prevention of tuberculosis.

CHAPTER X Essentials of Feeding Cattle . 175

Age at which to feed cattle — Form for feeding cattle — Condition of feeding cattle — Quality of feeding cattle — Uniformity in feeding cattle — Food requirements for beef — Wintering stockers and feeders — Roughage increases feeding ca- ' pacity.

Summer Feeding on Pasture 180

Method of summer feeding — How to turn to grass — Feeding grain to cattle on pasture — The pastures.

Winter Feeding in Drylot . . 183

Feeding grain to cattle in dry-lot — Baby-beef — Feeding for baby-beef production — Sample rations for fattening cattle. Questions 187

Chapter XI

Plan of improvement — Cooperative grading-up — Raise heifer calves from best cows — Farms for fattening cattle.

Equipment for Summer Feeding

Pasture — Feed-bunk — Self-feeder — Shades — Water — Salt.

Equipment for Winter Feeding

Shelter for winter feeding — The feed-pot — Platform for feed-bunks — Dry-forage-rack — Water-tanks. Questions

188-194

Contents xiii

PART THREE — SHEEP CHAPTER XII The fine- wool type — The mutton type

The Fine-wool Breeds of Sheep 199

American Merino fine-wool sheep — Description of American Merino fine-wool sheep — The American Merino fleeces

— Delaine Merino fine-wool sheep — Delaine Merino compared with American Merino — Rambouillet fine-wool sheep — Rambouillet compared with the American Merino.

The Mutton Breeds of Sheep 204

Southdown mutton sheep — Description of the Southdown sheep — Shropshire mutton sheep — Shropshire compared with the Southdown — Hampshire mutton sheep — Hampshire compared with Southdown — Oxford Down mutton sheep — Oxford Down compared with Southdown — Suffolk Down mutton sheep — Suffolk Down compared with Southdown — Dorset-Horned mutton sheep — Dorset-Horned compared with Southdown — Cheviot breed — Cheviot compared with the Southdown.

Long-wool Breeds of Mutton Sheep 214

Leicester long- wool sheep — Description of Leicester sheep

— Cotswold long-wooled sheep — Cotswold compared with the Leicester — Lincoln long-wooled sheep — Lincoln compared with Leicesters — Black-faced Highland sheep.

Goats 219

Angora goat — Milk goat.

Questions 221

CHAPTER XTII

Catching sheep — Holding sheep — How to estimate the age of sheep — Score-card for sheep.

General Appearance of Sheep 223

Form — Condition and weight — Quality — Constitutional vigor — Uniformity.

Detail Characters of Sheep 226

Head — Neck — Shoulders — Chest — Body — Rump — Leg xiv Contents of mutton — Legs — Examination of the fleece — Market classes of sheep — Cuts c f ; utton.

Questions 231

CHAPTER XIV

Sheep are delicate — Food requirements for sheep.

Feeding the Flock 234

The flock in summer — Pasture for sheep — Turning to pasture — Change in pasture — Providing shade — The use of sown pastures — The flock in winter — The winter ration — Exercise — Care of the feet — Bedding.

Fattening Sheep 238

Growing winter lambs — The winter quarters for winter-lamb production — Feeding the lambs — Growing spring lambs

— Feeding lambs in the fall — Getting the lambs on full feed

— Fattening lambs in winter — Feeding in the semi-arid West — Feeding in the corn-belt — -Feeding in the East — Sample rations for fattening sheep.

CHAPTER XV

Care and Management or Sheep 246-256

Plan of improvement — Cooperative breeding — Choosing breeding stock — Type — Uniformity.

Dipping Sheep 248

Importance of dipping — The dipping vat — How dips are used — Frequency of dipping.

Shearing Sheep 250

When to shear — Hand shearing — Machinery shearing — Tying the wool — Docking the lambs.

Practical Sheep Barns 253

Ventilation — Drainage — The interior arrangement — The feed-racks — The quantity of bedding — The sheep lot. Questions . ■ 256

Part Four — Swine Chapter XVI

Lard type — Bacon type.

xv

Pure Lard Breeds of Swine

Poland China lard-hog — Description of Poland China hog

— Berkshire lard-hog — Berkshire compared with Poland China — Duroc-Jersey lard-hog — Duroc-Jersey compared with Poland China — Chester White lard-hog — Chester White compared with Poland China — Hampshire lard-hog — Hampshire compared with Poland China — Essex lard-hog — Essex compared with Poland China — Small Yorkshire lard-hog — Suffolk lard-hog.

Intermediate breeds of swine .......

Cheshire hog — Description of the Cheshire — Victoria hog

— Victoria compared with Cheshire — Middle Yorkshire hog. Pure Bacon Breeds of Swine

Large Yorkshire bacon-hog — Description of the Large Yorkshire — Tarn worth bacon-hog — Tarn worth compared with Large Yorkshire.

Questions

CHAPTER XVII

Score-card for swine.

General appearance of Lard- hogs 275

Form — Weight and condition — Quality — Constitution — Uniformity.

Detail Characters of the Lard-hog 278

Head — Jowls — Neck — Shoulders — Back and loin — Sides — Rump — Hams — Legs.

Judging Bacon-hogs 281

Condition — Form — Sides — Market classes of swine — Cuts of pork.

Questions 282

CHAPTER XVIII

The Feeding op Swine 284-294

Food requirements for swine.

Preparing Food for Swine 285

Grinding feed — Soaking the feed — Cooking the feed — Feeding the pigs — Weaning the pigs.

xvi Contents

Feeding the Breeding Herd 287

Feeding the herd in summer — Pasture for swine — Roots

for swine — Pumpkins and squashes — Feeding the herd in

winter.

Fattening Swine . . 289

Feeding the lard-hog — Feeding the lard-hog in summer —

Feeding the lard-hog in winter — Feeding the bacon-hog —

Summer feeding on pasture — Winter feeding in dry-lot —

Sample rations for swine.

Questions 293

CHAPTER XTX

Plan of improvement — Cooperative breeding — Selecting breeding stock — The type — Uniformity — Dipping swine.

Shelter for Swine 299

The large hog-house — The individual hog-house — The hog lot — Hog-wallows — Diseases of swine — Hog cholera — Prevention of cholera — Quarantine lot.

Questions 303

Part Five — Poultry Chapter XX

Breeds op Poultry 307-320

The egg type — The meat type — The general purpose type — Ornamental type.

The Egg Type of Fowls 308

Characteristics of egg breeds.

The Meat Type of Fowls 310

Characteristics of meat breeds.

General Purpose Breeds of Fowls 313

Characteristics of general purpose breeds. The Ornamental Breeds of Fowls 316

Characteristics of ornamental breeds.

Turkeys, Ducks, Geese, and Guinea-Fowls . . . . 317

Turkeys — Ducks — Geese — Guinea-fowls.

Questions 320

Contents xvii

CHAPTER XXI

Judging Poultry 321-326

How to estimate the age of poultry — Young fowls — Old fowls.

Methods of Judging Poultry 321

Comparative judging — Score-card judging — Score-card for poultry.

Detail Characters of Fowls 324

Symmetry — Weight — Condition — Head — Comb — Wattles and ear-lobes — Neck — Back — Breast — Body and Fluff Wings — Tail — Legs and toes.

Questions 326

CHAPTER XXII

Essentials of Feeding Poultry . 327

Grit and mineral matter — Meat scraps — Green food — Preparation of grain — Nutritive ratio.

Feeding Young Chickens 328

Frequency of feeding — Amount to feed — Sorting uneven flocks — Exercise.

Feeding for Egg Production . 330

Feed a variety — Amount to feed — Condition of fowls — Mineral matter.

Feeding for Meat Production 333

Feeding the fowls — Kind of food — Broilers — Roasters — Sample rations for poultry.

Questions . . 335

CHAPTER XXIII

Improvement of fowls — Incubation — Natural incubation — Artificial incubation — Brooders.

Poultry Houses 340

Location of house — Size — Colony house — Long house — Scratching-shed — Windows — Floors — Interior fixtures — Labor-saving appliances — Yards, parks, and ranges. Questions 347

Part I. Laboratory Exercises

1. Habits of domestic animals — 2. Age of farm animals

— 3. Measuring horses — 4. Scoring the horse — 5. Weighing the horse — 6. Soundness — 7. Harness and harnessing

— 8. Splicing a rope — 9. Rope halter — 10. Plan of horse barn — 11. Mixing feed — 12. Hays — 13. Nutritive ratio —

14. Forming a ration — Choosing foods for a ration —

15. Forming a ration for a horse — 16. Measuring grain — 17. Measuring hay — 18. Measuring silage — 19. Scoring the dairy cow — 20. Measuring dairy cows — 21. Forming ration for a dairy cow — 22. Cost of milk — 23. Removing horns — 24. Plans for a cow barn — 25. Rough analysis of milk — 26. Qualitative determination of milk ash — 27. Test for per cent of fat by the Babcock method. — 28. Babcock test for skimmed milk — 29. Babcock test for cream — 30. Babcock test for whole milk using different amounts of acid. — 31. Effect of dirt in the keeping qualities of milk — 32. Study of the keeping qualities of milk — 33. Pasteurization of milk — 34. Study of milk bacteria — 35. Preparation of a starter culture for butter making — 36. Study of starter made in last exercise — 37. Cottage cheese making — 38. Weight of dressed carcass by measurement — 39. Cuts of meat — 40. Wool — 41. Forming a ration for sheep — 42. Plan of sheep barn — 43. Age, sex, and vitality of fowls

— 44. Egg and meat types — 45. Making material for killing chicken lice — 46. Killing chicken lice — 47. Poultry houses

— 48. Coop for hen with chicks — 49. Feed-Hoppers for poultry — 50. Structure of the egg — 51. Preserving eggs'.

Part VI. Digestible Nutrients in Feeding Stuffs 349-381

383-384

386-387

388-398

. 399-409

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Jersey cow of excellent type

Points of the horse

The Thoroughbred running horse

The Arabian horse

The American Saddle horse

The Stand ardbred horse

The Hackney Coach horse .

The French Coach horse

The German Coach horse .

The Percheron draft horse .

The Clydesdale draft horse .

The Shire draft horse .

The Belgian draft horse

The Suffolk draft horse

Shetland ponies .

Catalonian Jack .

Lower front teeth of the horse at three years of age

Lower front teeth of the horse at four years of age

Lower front teeth of the horse at five years of age

Lower front teeth of the horse at six years of age

Lower front teeth of the horse at seven years of age

Lower front teeth of the horse at eight years of age

Lower front teeth of the horse at nine years of age

Upper front teeth of the horse at ten years of age

Upper front teeth of the horse at eleven years of age

Upper front teeth of the horse at twenty-one years of

Side view of horse's teeth at five years of age

Side view of horse's teeth at twenty-one years of age

Light horse of good form

Light horses of stylish action

Draft horse of good form

Percheron stallion

Clydesdale mare .

age

Frontispiece

PAGE

Shire mare . 61

Belgian stallion 64

Suffolk mare . 68

A well-fed draft team 74

Hackney Coach mare and foal three weeks old 77

Uniform Percheron mares 83

Catching foal for the first time 91

Teaching foal to lead 92

Bitting harness 94

Acquainting the horse with the training cart 96

Types of collars 100

Points of the dairy cow 104

Points of the beef cow 106

The Jersey cow " Tormentor's Lass " 109

The Holstein-Friesian cow " Colantha 4th's Johanna " .... 112

The Guernsey cow " Dolly Dimple " . 114

The Ayrshire cow 116

The Dutch-Belted cow 118

The Brown Swiss cow 118

The Shorthorn bull " Avondale " 121

The Hereford cow 123

The Aberdeen Angus steer " Shamrock 2d " 125

Galloway heifers 126

Devon herd 127

Red Polled herd 128

Cow's teeth arranged according to age 130

Dairy cow of good type 134

Beef steer of good type ^ . . . . 140

Diagrams of cuts of beef . 142

Holstein-Friesian cow 146

Jersey cow 151

Apparatus for cooling milk 159

Apparatus for testing milk for percentage of butter-fat .... 163

Dairy barn and silos 166

Interior of dairy barn 169

Fattening steers on pasture 182

Points of the sheep - 196

Merino ram. Class A . 197

Merino ram. Class B 198

Merino ram. Class C 198

List of Illustrations xxi

PAGE

The Delaine Merino rain " Beacon " 202

The Rambouillet 203

The Southdown 205

The Shropshire 207

The Hampshire 208

The Oxford 210

The Suffolk .211

The Dorset-Horned 212

The Cheviot 213

The Leicester 215

The Cotswold . . .216

The Lincoln 217

The Black-faced Highland 218

The angora goat . 219

The milk goat 220

Sheep's teeth arranged according to age 223

Mutton sheep of good type 225

Judging sheep. Fullness of shoulders 227

Width of chest 227

Fullness of back at shoulder tops 227

Fullness of back at loins 227

Width of rump 227

Condition of leg of mutton 227

The finest of the fleece 229

The coarsest of the fleece 229

Diagrams of cuts of lamb and mutton 230

Flock of Shropshire sheep 235

Flock of Southdown lambs . . . « ..... 240

Shearing sheep by machinery 252

Shearing the back 252

Sheep and wool when finished 252

Interior view of sheep barn 254

Points of the pig 258

The Poland China 262

The Berkshire 263

The Duroc-Jersey 264

The Chester White . ... 265

The Hampshire 266

The Small Yorkshire 268

The Cheshire „ 269 xxii List of Illustrations

PAGE

The Large Yorkshire 271

The Tamworth 273

Lard hog of good type 277

Diagrams of the cuts of pork 282

A thick, fat porker 290

A well-finished bacon hog 291

A pen of well-bred Chester White swine 297

The individual hog-house 300

Points of the fowl 306

The White Leghorn male 309

The White Leghorn female 309

The Light Brahma male 311

The Light Brahma female 312

The Barred Plymouth Rock male 315

The Barred Plymouth Pock female . .315

The Hamburg 316

The turkey 317

The Pekin duck 319

A flock of geese 320

Judging poultry 324

Young chicks feeding in litter of straw . . . . . . . 329

Feeding the flock. Colony houses . 331

A breeding flock of White Leghorn . 338

The long poultry house 342

Poultry house with scratching shed . . 343

Interior fixtures of the poultry house . 344

Outdoor feed hopper t 346

Parts of harness . 351

Side splice, first stage 352

Side splice, second stage , . . 352

Side splice, third stage 353

Side splice, fourth stage 353

Side splice, fifth stage 353

Side splice completed 353

Pope halter. Forming the eye 354

Rope halter. Loose guard, loop type . . . . . . . 355

Rope halter. Standard guard, loop type . . . . . . . 355

Rope halter. Spliced halter 356

Whipping the end of a rope . . 357

Section of an egg 379

Part One — Horses With A General Chapter On Feeding Of Animals

1. Mouth.

2. Nostril.

3. Chin.

4. Nose.

5. Face.

6. Forehead.

7. Eye.

8. Ear.

9. Lower jaw.

10. Throatlatch.

11. Windpipe.

12. Crest.

13. Withers.

Fig. 1. — Points of the horse.

15. Breast.

17. Elbow.

18. Forearm.

19. Knee.

20. Cannon.

21. Fetlock.

22. Pastern.

23. Fort.

24. Fore flank.

25. Heart girth.

26. Coupling.

27. Back.

28. Loin.

29. Rear flank.

30. Belly.

32. Croup.

33. Tail.

34. Buttock.

35. Quarters.

36. Thigh.

37. Stifle.

38. Lower thigh.

39. Hock.

AMMAL HUSBANDRY