Early history of western Pennsylvania, and of the West, and of western expeditions and campaigns, from MDCCLIV to MDCCCXXXIII. By a gentleman of the bar [i.e. I. D. Rupp] . With an appendix, etc

Front matter

FROM . 9 K \V. A. CEAUY'S Q X CHEAP BOOK STORE, Q ;<No. 158 North Second Streets A corner of New. Philad'a. h EARLY HISTOR OF WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA, AND OF THE WEST, AND OF WESTERN EXPEDITIONS AND CAMPAIGNS, FROM MDCCL1V TO MDCCCXXXIU. BT A GENTLEMAN OP THE BAR. WITH AN APPENDIX, CONTAINING, BESIDES COPIOUS EXTRACTS FROM IMPORTANT INDIAN TREATIES, MINUTES OF CONFERENCES, JOURNALS, ETC, A TOPOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTIES OF ALLEGHENY, WESTMORELAND, WASHINGTON, SOMER- SET, GREENE, FAYETTE, BEAVER, BUTLER, ARMSTRONG, ETC. ILLUSTRATED BY SEVERAL DRAWINGS. PITTSBURG^PA. DANIEL W. KAUFFMAN. HARRISBURG, PA. WILLIAM O. HICKOK. 1846. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1846, by Daniel W. Kauffman, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.

Theo: Fenn, Printer, Harrieburg, Pa. PUBLISHER'S NOTICE. The Publisher, in issuing the following Work, takes this occasion to state, that the materials were collected and placed in the hands of a gentleman of the Legal Profession, early in the Spring. Owing to the ill health of that gentle man, and the pressing engagements incident to his profession, he found it impos sible to write the work ; and the Publisher, late in the Summer was obliged to make other arrangements. He was, however, fortunate in obtaining the services of a gentleman of the Harrisburg Bar, whose literary acquirements, undoubted capacity, and great industry, has enabled him to issue the work without a moments delay on his part, and in a manner which will be sound to be highly satisfactory. It is confidently believed, that it will be found to be the most perfect, full and ably written " Early History of Western Pennsylvania, of the West, and Western Expeditons," that has yet been published; and that the publisher's promise to his subscribers has been more than fulfilled.

When the Proposals were issued, it was contemplated to publish it in duodecimo form, in seven hun dred and fifty pages ; but at the suggestion of the gentleman who collected the materials, it has heen enlarged to an octavo form, and seven hundred and sixty eight pages ; thus increasing the reading matter, more than one-third, without any additional charge lo the subscribers. Besides, by a reference to the pages, and the following extract from the proposals, it will be seen that the Work is much more full than was originally intended.

Appendix

will contain copious extracts from Weiser's, Croghan's, Washington's, and other Provincial Agent's Journals, Treaties, Conferences ; the correspondence between General Braddock and Governor Morris, and others; many important historical facts and thrilling incidents, that could not be noticed in the body of the work without too great digression from a Historical Narra tive." DANIEL W. KATJFFMAN, Publisher. Pittsburg, October, 1816.

Chapter I

Christopher Columbus, p. 17; Discovery and early settlement of the Country, 18 ; Colonies of North and South Virginia, 20 ; Mary land, 21 ; New York, 21 ; New Jersey, 21 ; Pennsylvania and Penn, 25 ; French Settlements of Quebec, 27; Discoveries and Settlers on the Western Waters, 28; Notices of Indian tribes and difficulties, 30; Washington appointed Colonel, 39; Arrival of Braddock, 29.

Chapter II

First or early settlements west of the Alleghenies, 40 ; On the head waters of the Ohio, 42; In the several counties, 45; The trials and difficulties to which they were incident, 50; Manners and Customs, 51.

Chapter III

Washington's Mission to Fort Le Bœuf, 62 ; Erection of a Fort at the junction of ihe Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, 65 ; Arrival of the French from Fort Venango, 65 ; Summons by the French to surrender, 66; Surrender <: the Fort by Ensign Ward, 66; Washington's Letters, 66; Notice of Half- King, 71.

Chapter IV

Washington's Expedition on the Monongahela, 73 ; The surprise arid car lo re of the French detachment under Jumonvil le, 74 ; His Death, 74 ; Erection of Fort Necessity, 75 ; Baltle of the Great Meadows, and surrender of Ihe Fort, 75; Vote of thanks to Washington and the Army, by the Assembly of Virgi nia, 87; The erection of Fort Cumberland, 89 : Measures to raise additional troops, 89 ; Resignation of Colonel Washington, 90.

Chapter V

The British Government determined to check the encroachments o! Ihe French in America, 91 ; The arrival of General Braddock in Virginia, wnh two regiments of regular troops, 91 ; Call upon Pennsylvania for money, 92 ; Her resources in 1755, 92 ; Convention of Colonial Governors, and plan of the campaign, 92 ; Expedition of General Braddock against Fort Du Quesne, 93 ; The appointment of Washington as one of his Aids, 93 ; His difficulties in obtaining supplies, 94 ; The Mission cf Franklin as Agent of the Assembly of Pennsylvania, 95; His extraordinary services, 96; The movement of the Army from Fort Cumberland to the Little Meadows, 98 ; A Council of War called, and the plan adopted to advance with 1200 chosen men, 99 ; The am buscade of ihe French and Indians, 100 ; The Battle of the Monongahela, and total defeat of the army, 101 ; The retreat under Washington, of the survivors, 105; The death and burial of General Braddock, 107; The panic of Colonel Dunbar, and his destruction of the stores and artillery, and retreat over the mountains, 107; A description of the battle-field, 113; The causes of Brad dock's defeat, 114; The burial of the relics of the slain, 112 ; Character of General Braddock, by Grahame, 115.

Chapter VI

Campaign of 1756, against Crown Point, Niagara, Fort Du Quesne, failed, 116; Frontiers of Pennsylvania exposed to the ravages of the Indians, 118, Colonel Armstrong's Expedition against the Indians in 1756, 121 ; Their signal defeat, 125 ; Proceedings of the Philadelphia City Council, 129 ; The effect of Armstrong's Expedition on the Indians, 131.

Chapter VII

The despondency of the colonies in the beginning of 1758, 131 ; The change in the British Ministry, and the appointment of William Pitt as Prime Minis ter, 132 ; His character, energy and wisdom, in the defence of ihe colonies, 133; The Zeal of Pennsylvania to aid the minister, 133; The assembling of 50,000 men in America, 134; The plan of the campaign, 134; The arrival of General Forbes, at Philadelphia, at ihe head of 1200 royal troops, to co-operate with 6000 provincials, in an expedition against Fort Du Quesne, 135 ; The as sembling of the provincials at Bedford and Fort Cumberland, 136 ; The pro gress of General Forbes to Loyalhanna, 137; Major Grant's unforiunale attempt upon Fort Da Quesne, 138 ; The attack of the French upon Colonel Bouquet, at Loyalhanna, and their defeat, 139 ; The evacuation of the fort, at the approach of General Forbes, 140; The glorious terminalion of the campaign, 141.

Chapter VIII

The success of the English in 1759, 144 ; The death of Gen. Forbes, and the appointment of Gen. Stanwix as commander-in-chief in the middle colonies, 145 ; The erection of Fort Pitt by Gen. Stanwix, and his conference with the Indians, 146 ; Speech of the Wyandott chief, 145 , The return of Gen. Sianwix lo England, 146; The capture of Montreal, and the surrender of all Canada to the English, and peace with France, 147 ; The first expedition of the English troops to the Upper Lakes, 147 ; Their reception by ihe celebrated Pontiac, 148; The Indian stratagem, capture of Michilimackinac, and massacre of Ihe garrison, 149 ; Ponliac's appearance with his warriors before Detroit, 150 ; His scheme to surprize the garrison divulged by an Indian woman, 151 ; The battle at the Bloody Bridge, 153 ; The schooner for the relief of Detroit attacked by the Indians, 154 ; Their repulse, 155 ; Frontier Settlers massacred, 156 ; Many take refuge in the interior, 158 ; Bouquet's Expedition against the Indians, 158 ; Frontier forts in danger, 158; Bouquet's Engagement with the Indians at Bushy Run, and their defeat, 159 ; Bouquet arrives at Fort Pitt, 163.

Chapter IX

Indian barbarities at the commencement of the year 1764, 164 ; Colonel Bradstreet's Expedition to the Upper Lakes, 165; Colonel Bouquet's second expedition, 166. His advance to ihe Indian towns on the Muskingum, 171 ; The submission of the savages, 173; The delivery of the captives lo the whites, 174 ; The final treaty of peace, 176.

Chapter X

Lord Dunmore's War of 1774, 178; The causes that led to it, 180 ; Murder of Logan's family, Bald Eagle, and others, 181 ; Commencement of hostilities, 181; Lewis' Expedition, 183 ; The battle at Point Pleasant, 184 ; Dunmore's treaty, 188 ; Heroism of Cornstalk, character of Lewis, vote of thanks to Lord Dunmore, 188 ; Remarks, 189. CHAPTER Xt. The British intrigues with the Indians at the commencement of the Revolu tionary War, 191; The friendly mission of Cornstalk, Red Hawk, and Elli nipsico, to Point Pleasant, 192 ; Their detention and barbarous murder, 193 . Mclntosh's campaign, 195; Brodhead's campaign, 200 ; The persecution of the Moravian Indians, and their forcible removal to Sandusky, 201 ; Williamson's campaign, and wanton and unprovoked murder of the Christian Indians, who had returned to their villages on the Muskingum, 202 ; Crawford's campaign, 209 ; His retreat, capture, and sufferings at the stake, 210 ; Dr. Knight's and John Slover's escape, 213 ; Reflections on the campaign, and manner of con ducting the Indian war during the Revolution, 217.

Chapter XII

Capture of Kaskaskia, and other British posts on the Mississippi, in 1778, by Colonel George Rogers Clarke, 218 ; His surprize of Vincennes, and its surrender by Governor Hamilton to the American commander, 220; The founding of Louisville, 223 ; The daring exploits of Simon Kenton, his cap tivity, sufferings, and escape, 224; Colonel Daniel Boone's expedition loan Indian town on Point creek, 225 ; His defence of Boonesboro' against 500 In dians under Du Quesne, a British officer, 226.

Chapter XIII

Colonel John Bowman's Expedition against the Ohio Indians, and its unfortunate result, 231 ; The surprise and defeat of Major Rogers, the slaughter of his men, and the miraculous escape of Captain Benham, 233 ; The combined British and Indian expedition under Colonel Byrd, against Riddle's and Mar tin's forts, and the captivity of the garrisons and families under their protection, 235 ; Colonel Clarke's Expedition, and victory over the Indians at Pick awa, 236 ; Escape of Colonel Boone from the murderers of his brother, 237 ; Captain Whitaker's successful conflict with the Indians, 238 ; Col. Floyd's defeat, 238; Singular encounter of Samuel, James and Robert McAfee, 238; The appearance of a large Indian force before Bryant's fort, 245 ; Its failure to capture it, 249 ; The fatal battle of ihe Blue Licks, 249 ; The third Expe dition of Col. Clarke, and the destruction of the Indian towns, 254.

Chapter XIV

Population of Virginia and Kentucky increased, 257 ; Indian depredations, 258 ; Troops ordered to protect frontier settlements, 257 ; Settlements at Miami, and present site of Cincinnati, 258 ; Fort Washington built, 258; General Har mar arrives there, 259; Indians commit renewed depredations, 259; Settlers roused to avenge themselves upon the Indians, 260 ; Harmar's expedition against the Indians, 260 ; Defeat of his army, 262 ; Remarks, 262 ; Effects of Harmar's expedition, 263 ; General Charles Scott's expedition, 263 ; General Wilkinson's expedition, 2C4 ; Adventures of Johonnet, 265.

Chapter XV

St. Clair appointed Governor of the Noth Western Territory, 271 ; And is also appointed Commander-in-chief, 271 ; Army assembled at Fort Washington, 272 ; The army marches towards Indian towns, 272 ; Fort Hamilton and Fort Jefferson erected; Engagement with the Indians, 273 ; St. Clair's defeat, 274; Return of the army to Fort Washington, 276 ; St. Clair censured, but acquitted, 276 ; An account of General St. Clair, 281 ; General Scott's mounted expedition to the battle ground, 283 ; Battle with the Indians and their defeat with 200 killed, 283 ; Recovery of artillery and arms lost at St. Clair's defeat, 283 ; Bu rial of the bones of the slain, 283.

Chapter XVI

Another campaign against the Indians detei mined upon, 284 ; An army raised and placed under the command of General Anthony Wayne, 285 ; A notice of his services and qualifications, 280; He repairs to Pittsburgh, and takes the com mannd, 287 ; The great exertions of the General in drilling his men, teaching them military tactics, and inspiring them with self-confidence, 28S ; His encampment at Legionville, twenty-five miles below Pittsburgh, in the fall of 1792 288 ; His arrival at Fort Washington in the spring of 1793 ; 289 ; Efforts made' to induce the Indians to make peace, 289 ; General Lincoln, Colonel Pickering, and Beverly Randolph appointed commissioners to treat with the Indians at San dusky, 290; Failure of the commission, 291 ; President Washington, in person, visits the Indians in Western New York, 290 ; Colonel Hardin and Major True man sent by General Wilkinson on missions to the Indian tribes, and both murdered, 291 ; The Kentucky volunteers join General Wayne, but too late for offensive operations, are discharged, and the army go into winter quartess at Fort Greenville in the fall of 1793, 291 ; Fifteen hundred mounted volunteers join General Wayne in 1794, 293; The Indians attack Fort Recovery, and are de feated by Major McMahan, 293 ; Erection of Fort Defiance, 293 ; General Wayne marches against the Indians, 293 ; sends a message to offer peace, 293 ; Little Turtle advices to accept the proposals, 295; Offer rejected, 295; General Wayne advances, 295; The battle at the Rapids, add total overthrow of the whole Indian army, 296 ; Correspondence between General Wayne and the com mandant of the British Fort, 299 ; The Indians sue for peace, and a treaty en tered into with them at Greenville, 300; Cession to the United States of sour fifths of Ohio, 300 ; The effects of Wayne's treaty, General Wayne's death, his treatment by Congress, 300; Remarks, S01.

Chapter XVII

The United States establish agencies among the Indians after the victory of General Wayne, 302 ; The North Western Territory established, and W. H. Harrison appointed Governor, 302 ; He makes thirteen treaties with the Indians, in one of which he secures 51,000,000 of acres of land, 302 ; The Delawares and Shawanese object to the treaty, which is finally ratified, 363 ; Tecumseh and his brother, the Prophet, establish anew religion among the Indians, and.conceive a plan to unite all the tribes against the whites, 303 ; Governor Harrison makes a treaty for more land in 1303, 304 ; Tecumseh and the Prophet oppose it, and concentrate a band of warriors on the Wabash, 304 ; Governor Harrison invites Tecumseh to Vincennes to hold a council, 306 ; He apperrs with 300 warriors, the council ends without any conciliation, 310; Governor Harrison marches to the Prophet's town, 312 ; The battle of Tippecanoe, 314.

Chapter XVIII

Declaration of War against Great Britain, June 18th, 1812, 320 ; Gov. Hull arrives at Detroit, at the head of 2500 men, 321 ; Determines to invads Canada, 322 ; Col. McArthur takes possession of the valley of the Thames, 323 ; Col. Cass' battle at Aux Canards, 324 ; Attack upon Major Vanhorn, at Brownstown, 324 ; Brilliant victory of Col. Miller, at Magagua, 324 ; Hull orders Fort Chi cago to be evacuated, 325 ; Defeat and massacre of the garrison, 325 ; He re treats to Detroit, 325 ; His inglorious surrender, 325 ; An army raised to retake Detroit, 325; General Harrison appointed commander-in-chief, 325 ; Gallant defence of Fort Harrison, by Captain Zachary Taylor, 325 ; Expedition of Gen. Hopkins, and its failure, 326 ; The successful expedition of Gov. Edwards and Col. Russell to the Peoria Indian towns, 327 ; The successful Expedition of Gen. Hopkins and Col. Butler, to the Prophet's town, 328 ; Gen. Tupper's battle with the Indians, 328 ; The Mississinnewa Expedition, 328.

Chapter XIX

In the beginning of 1813, General Harrison at Franklinton, 331 : His plan of campaign, 331 ; General Winchester obeys orders, and marches to the river Rai sin, 332 ; Victory of the Kentucky troops at the river Raisin on the eighteenth of January, 333; Arrival of Proctor with fifteen hundred men, 334; Desperate battle and final surrender of the Americans, 335 ; Horrid m?ssarre of the pris oners, 335 ; Siege and successful defence of Fort Meigs by General Harrison' 336; Major Croghan's gallant defence of Fort Stephenson, 337 ; Perry's victory on Lake Erie, 337 ; Battle of the Thames and victory of the Ameiican army under General Harrison, over the combined British and Indian army under Proc tor and Tecumseh, 339.

Chapter XX

Treaties made with the Indians after the battle of the Thames, in which several millions of acres of lands are ceded to the United States, 345 ; The number of Indians in 1820, in Michigan, Illinois, Indiana and Wisconsin, 346 ; Treaty of 1823, 345 ; Murder of M. Methode and family, 346 ; Imprisonment of Red Bird, Black Hawk and others, 346; Murders on Indian creek, 346 ; Black Hawk war, 347 j Defeat of Black Hawk, 348 ; Black Hawk deposed, 349. INDEX- A. America discovered, page 18. Americus Vespucius, 18. Allegheny river, Delaware and Shawanese Indians on, 30,36. Amusements of early settlers, 51, 62. Articles of capitulation between the French and Washington, 79. Alexandria, council of war held at, 92. American officers degraded, 94. Attschechokatha.an Indian, fought under Gen. Braddock, 112.

Amherst Jeffrey, 153. Armstrong's expedition against Kittanning, 121. 122, — his official report thereof, 121, 129 — corporation of Philadelphia votes him a medal. 129, 130— effects of the expedition, 131. Anecdote of Daniel Boone, 237. Abercrombie commander-in-cbief, 135. Amherst General, 144. 155. Ashlsy Lieutenant, 213. Aikins George, 26G. Arthur St. Clair, 271; appointed Governor of the northwestern territory ; and commander-in-chies, 271 ; rendevouzed at Fort Washington, 272. Ashton Major, 286. Au Glaire river, 293. Alexander Major, 337. Atkinson, 34G. B. Beeson Henry, settles atUniontown,44. Buildings of early settlers. 52. Bastardy, did not frequently happen, 61. British government determines to oppose the growing power of the French 91. Braddock Edward appointed commander-in-chies, and arrived in Virginia, 91; requires provisions of Governor Morri9 ; establishment of a post ; calls a convention; council of war held, 92; he proceeds to FVedericktown, where Franklin meets him, 93, 96 ; marches to Fort Cumberland, 93; he charges the Assembly of Pennsylvania with rudeness, 95 ; writes to Gov.

Morris, 98 ; sends St. Clair and Chapman to open roads, 99 ; arrives at the Little Meadows, 99 ; Washington becomes an aid-de-camp, 99 ; Washington's advice t.i Braddock. 100; Braddock, with 1200 choseD men advanced, 100 ; arrives at the junction of the Youghiogheny and Monongahela rivers, 101 ; Washing. ton joins him here ; crosses the Monongahela at the second crossing place, 101 ; battle at Braddock's field. 102; general confusion, 103: Braddock is mortally wounded, 103 ; his conduct towards his men, 105: is shot by Fausett,105; Braddock is brought off to Dunbar's camp ; expires on the 13th of July; is buried, Washington reading the funeral service, 108; character of Braddock, 115; burial of the remains of the dead that fell on Braddock's field, 112, ] 13. Bozarlh Experience, 198. Beanjen M. de, a captain in the French service holds a council with the Indians, to engage against Braddock. 108; is killed, 109.

Bush Run battle at. 159. Barber General, 293. Bucher Conrad John Rev. 129. Bnockongahelas a war chief, 299, 303. Bosoawen arrived al Halifax. 133. Bullet Captain, of Virginia, 138. Bullets found at Braddock's field, 113. Baggatiway, a favorite game of ball among the Indians, 149, 150. Bloody bridge battle al, 153. Bouquet Colonel, 135,136; appointed to march to.the relief of Fort Pitt, 156; advances slowly, 157; engagement with the Indians at Bushy Run, 159; arrived at Fort Pill, 162; his expedition of 1764, 164, 177 , proceeds to Tuscaravva and Muskingum, 168, 174 ; held conference with the Indians, 169. 172. Bradslreet Col. to fight the Wyandotts, Otlowas and Chippevvas, 165. Badinger George M.231. Biggs Benjamin Gen. 197. Bald Eagle killed, 180. INDEX Clark's expedition, 218 ; troops raised ; proceeds to Fort Kaakaskia, 219; Hamilton surrenders the fort, 220 ; Clarke proceeded to Vincennes, 222, 235.

Cornplanter, 288,289. Cass Colonel, 324. D. Drake Francis, his voyage, 19. Delaware Lord, Gov. of Virginia, 21. Death of William Peno, 27. De La Salle, commander of Frontinac. 28; descends the Illinois river, 28; returns to Quebec ; his death, 29. Dirty camp, early settlement al, 42. Dress of early settlers, 53. Dancing, an amusement among early settlers, 5G. De Villieis, French commander in the engagements at Fort Necessity, 78. Dunbar Col., ordered to Virginia, 91. Du Quesne Fort, expedition against, 93, 134 ; abandoned by the French, 140. Dumas, a French officer at Braddock's defeat. 109. Dytoquarioan, Indian, fought under General Braddock, 112. Du Quesne Capt., a British officer, 225. Doughty Major, at Fort Washington, 257. Denny Governor, his message on the French abandoning Fort Du Quesne, 141; Assembly's reply, 141.

Dalyell Captain, sent to relief of Detroit, 153. Delaware Indians on the Allegheny and Ohio, 31,121 ; joined the French, 34 ; they sued for peace, 145. Detroit attacked by Pontiac,150. Dumnorc Lord, his war, 178, 190. Darke Colonel, a revolutionary officer, 274; his miraculous escape, 279. Defiance Fort. 298. Dead Chief, 305, 30G. Dudley Colonel, 338. Dodge General, 348. E. Era, a new one in navightion, 2. Eaily settlements west of the Allegheny mountains, 40 ; at Red Stone, 41. 42 ; at Dirty camp, 42; near Furl Pitt, 43; on the Youghiogany, 45 ; at Lawunakhannek, 46; in Beaver county, 47 ; on the Ohio, 47 ; in Greene co., Armstrong, Beaver, and Butler, 48 : in Mercer, Crawford, Indiana, 49; in Erie, 51 ; custom and manners of. 51,62. Brodhead's campaign, 200. Boone Daniel, 224. 225, 248. Bowman Col. 227 ; his expedition, 231, 237.

Byrd Col. a British officer, 235. Bulger John, 231, 238, 248, 252. Benham Robert Captain, 234. ' Bryant's Fort, 245. Blue Jacket, 300. Ball Major. 336. Black Hawk, 346. C. I Columbus Chris., discovered America. 17,18. Cornstalk, a warrior, 184, 185; is killed, 193,217. Cabot. Sebastian and George, 19. Colonization, first attempts at, 19. Child, first English female born on this continent, 20. Calvert sounds Maryland, 23. Colonists of Maryland, 23. Charter, Penn obtains one for Pennsylvania, 25. Chester, first settlers of Pennsylvania under W. Penn, arrive at, 26. Champlain Samuel, founds Quebec, 27. Crevecœur, a French fort, 2S. Cahichtodoa, French interpreter, on the Allegheny river, 31. Charlier Peter, allowed to live on Paxton Manor, 33; turns traitor to the English, 34. Celeron Louis, deposiles leaden plates, 35 ; his letter of August, 1749, 36.

Crown Point, French lorts at, 37. Crawford settles on Yougluogeny, 43. Corbley, an early settler, 48. Chambers Moses, an early settler, 51. Crimes, how punished among them, 59. Combats dangerous in the extreme, 61. Contrecœur summoned Ward to surrender, 65. Croghan George and Indians, rejected by Braddock, 99 ; sent Jo. Hickrnan to Kitlaning, 116. Cincinnati settled, 257. Corbley's family murdered, 195. Campaign of 1755, a failure, 116. Clay Green, General, 339. Chambers Benjamin, his letter, 118. Campaigns of 1759, successful, 144. Cresap Captain, commands at Wheeling, 181. Captina creek, murders committed on, 182. Crawford's fort, 195. Campbell Lieutenant, 287, 296. Clark's Old Trace, 259. Chambers Major, 341. Craw ford's campaign, 209; he is taken prisoner, 213; and burned, 214. INDEX 13 Elder Rev. John, 129.

Eagle, on board of which Gen. Stanwix was lost, 146. Etherington Major, cominaader at Michilimackinac, 149. Ecuver Captain, commanded at Fort Pitt, 155. Ellinipsico, son of Cornstalk, 192, 193, 217. IFry Joshua, an army raided and placed | under his command, 39, 65; his death, 74. Fort Necessity erected and surrendered, 74, 79. Fort Cumberland erected, 89 ; Braddock at, 93. '' Fredericktown, Braddock at, 93. . Faulkner Captain, 287. Franklin meets Braddock al Frederick- Elliot and others plotting the destruction of christian Indians, 203. Estill's Fort, 239. Ellskwatawa. the Prophet, Tecumseh's brother, 303. town, 96 ; his advertisement for horses and wagons, 97 ; his address to the inhabitants, 98. G. F. Granville, Sir Richard make3 a settlement, 19. French settle in Canada, and along the western Lakes, 27 ; their missionaries held councils with the natives. 28; explore Illinois.

Mississippi, and the Great West, 29,30; Governor Spotswood resisted their encroachments; (hey erect a line of lorls ; sent out atjents to conciliate the Indians, 30, 32; explore Allegheny and Ohio, 34 ; deposite plates, 35; erected forts at Crown Point, &c, 37 ; their movements indicate hostile intentions, 64 ; Virginia makes arrangements to arrest their progress, 64: the French approach the forks of Monongahela and Allegheny, and compel Ward to surrender a son then building, 65; are surprised by Washington, 74 ; they lake Fort Necessity, 77, 78 ; the British government determined lo oppose their growing power, 91 ; defeat of General Braddock, 102, 106; abandons Fort Du Quesne. 140; they aban doned the Lakes, 144. 147. Floyd John Colonel, 238. Fort Pitt erected. 145,; was in a critical situation, 155. j Gallisoniere Marquis, Governor of INew France, 35.

Gist Christopher an early settler, 40; accompanies Geo. Washington lo Le Boeuf, 63; arrives al Fort Necessity, 73. Great Meadows, 73, 75. Gage Lieut. Col. acting under Braddock. 1U0. Great Cove inhabitants massacred, 119. Gordon Captain, 248, 252. Granville Fort attacked, 120. Grant's defeat, 137, 139. Gladwin Major commanded at Detroit, 150, 151. Greathouse killed several Indians, 179, 182. Girty Simon, 194, 203, 214, 230,243, 247. Gnadenhuetten, 205, 207. Granville Fort, 291. Graves Major, 333. II. Hollanders frustrated in their atlempls lo sellle on the Delaware river, 24. History early of Pennsylvania, 24, 27. Hennepin Louis, gave name to Louisiana, 28. Harris John, his letters touching Half- King's death, 71, 72. Helaquantagechty a chief, 33. Houses of early settlers, 52. Harvest parties, 58.

Half-King accompanies Washington, 63; he is at Fort Necessity, 74 ; his death at Harris's Ferry, 71. *$ ' Halket Sir Peter, ordered to Virginia, 91. Haviland Col. 146. Hamilton surrendered Fort Kaskaskia Forbes General, bis expedition against Fort Du Quesne, 134; his ill health and difficulties, 135; detained al Carlise, 136 ; proceeds to Shippensburg. Fort London, Raystown, and Loyalhanna, 136, 137 ; send9 Washington in advance. 139; he takes Fort Du Quesne, 140; returns lo Philadelphia, 141; his dealb, 143; notice of him, 143. Frontiers of Pennsylvania overrun b> scalping parlies, 118, 120,149, 154 164, 165. Fort9, chain of, erected along the Kitlitanny hills, 119; Fort Littleton 121; Laurens erected, 196 ; Boonesboro', 226; Estill, 239. Fausset shot Braddock, 105. to Col. Clarke, 220 ; determined to retake it, 220; determined also to desolate the frontiers of Virginia, 221.

Harrod James, 231. INDEX Hoy's Fort, 242. Hacker concerned in murders, 181. Holder John. 231 ; his defeat, 245. Holder's Fort, 242. Harmar Gen. arrives at Fort Wash under Gen. Braddock, 112. Kiltanoing, English prisoners carried thither, 116. 120 ; Indians routed there, 122, 123 ; wounded and killed in the engagement, 128 ; prisoners retaken, 129. Kiyashula a Seneca sachem, 169, 171, 173, 288. Kinchloe's Fort, 254. Knight Dr. taken prisoner, 213 ; his escape, 215. Kersev Lieut. at Little Miami, 257. Kenlo'n Simon, 224, 227, 229. Kaskaskia, 219. Kennon William his adventures, 276. Knmskaka, Tecumseh's brother, 303. Kanonekak, 346. ington,258; he marches to the Indian towns, 259 ; his defeat, 260; his return to Fort Washington, 261; censured and acquitted, 263. Hardin Col. 259, 290. Hall Major. 262.

Harrison William Henry, appointed governor ol N. W. T., 302; be holds treaties with the Indians, 302; purchases a large tract of land from the Indians, 307; holds a council, and Tecumseh present, 308; at Franklin, 331, 342. Hull Governor of Michigan, 321 ; his defeat, 324. Hopkins General, 326. L. Louisiana, named in honor of Louis XIV, 28. I. Logslown, Conrad Weiser at, 27; Blockhouse surprised by the French, 38. Indians, Delawares and Shawanese on the Ohio, and its (ributaries ; French amongst them; Logan proposes to hold a treaty with them, 31 ; Gordon sends them a message to come to Land offices, several opened by Lord Dunmore, 46. Lawunakhannek, settled by Moravians, 46. Philadelphia, 32; Conrad Weiser despatched to them, 34; Chartier Logrollings, 58. Legardean de St. Pierre, commanded dissuades (hem from the English, 34 , measures adopted by (he English (o regain their friendship, 39 ; Indians engaged with Braddock, 112; after Braddock's defeat make incursions, 116, 120; sue for peace, 145; defeated by Col. Bouquet at Bushy Run, 159, 162; they renew their hostilities, 179 ; British practice intrigues with them, 191.

Innes James, his letter to Gov. Hamilat Le Boeuf, 63. La Force with fifty men at Gist's, 73. Liguory a French officerat Braddock's defeat. 109, 141. Lewis Major, 137. Logan's family murdered, 182; his celebrated speech, 186. Lewis General, expedition, 183. Lauren's Fort erected, 196. Leet Major, 211. Louisville founded, 223. Logan's Fort, 227. Logan Captain, 231. Lynn William Colonel, killed, 238. Loramie Fort erected, 259. Little Miatni, first settlement at, 257. Long Knives, 227. Little Turtle, 280, 303. Legionville, General Wayne at, 288. Leflwitch General, 334. ton, 85; he is ordered lo Will's creek. 89. Incidents, affecting ones related, 172. 177. Intrigues of the British, 191. J. Joncaire De la, a French captain, 63, Jumonville surprised and killed, 74, 76. Jack Captain joins Braddock, 99.

Jacobs Captain a noted warrior, 121 123 ; is killed, 124. Johonnet's adventures, 265. Johnsons, two lads, killed, 290. M. Mandans of European origin, 18. May Flower arrives November, 1620,22. Maryland sounded, 23. Marquett and Toilet, French missionaries, 28. Mississippi discovered by them in 1673. Mueller, Delman, Basse, settlers in Beaver county, 48. K. Kensington, called by the Indians Shackamaxon, 27. Kelly James an early settler, 49. Kashwughdaoiunto an Indian, fought Moorhead Fergus, an early settler, 49. INDEX 15 Manners and customs of early settlers, 51, 62. Morals of early settlers, 57, 62. Marquis Du Quesne, Governor of Canada, 63. Mackay of the royal army, 75, 86. Morris Governor, his message alluding to Indian incursions, 118. Mclntosh's expedition. McCord's Fort burnt, 119. Morgan David Colonel, account of, 190.