Opening
BOTANY
OF
THE NORTHERN UNITED STATES.
MANUAL OF THE BOTANY OF THE NORTHERN UNITED STATES,
INCLUDING THE DISTRICT EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI AND NORTH OF NORTH CAROLINA AND TENNESSEE.
BY ASA GRAY, LATE FISHER PROFESSOR OF NATURAL HISTORY IN HARVARD UNIVERSITY.
Sixth Edition.
REVISED AND EXTENDED WESTWARD TO THE 100th MERIDIAN, BY SERENO WATSON, CURATOR OF THE GRAY HERBARIUM, HARVARD UNIVERSITY, AND JOHN M. COULTER, PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN WABASH COLLEGE,
ASSISTED BY SPECIALISTS IN CERTAIN GROUPS.
WITH TWENTY-FIVE PLATES, ILLUSTRATING THE SEDGES, GRASSES, FERNS, ETC.
IVISON, BLAKEMAN, AND COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, NEW YORK AND CHICAGO. 1890.
Copyright, 1889, BY THE PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE.
EXPLANATION OF SIGNS 32
FLORA.--PHÆNOGAMOUS OR FLOWERING PLANTS 33 Dicotyledonous or Exogenous Plants 33 Angiospermous, Polypetalous 33 Gamopetalous 216 Apetalous 425 Gymnospermous Plants 489 Monocotyledonous or Endogenous Plants 495 CRYPTOGAMOUS OR FLOWERLESS PLANTS 675 Vascular Acrogens, or Pteridophytes 675 Cellular Acrogens, or Bryophytes (Hepaticæ) 702
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS 733
TABLE OF ORDERS 736
GLOSSARY 738
INDEX 749
PLATES, WITH EXPLANATIONS 761