The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary: Section F, G and H (part 6 of 7)

The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary: Section F, G and H (part 6 of 7)

Here, in the last sense, is sometimes used before a verb without subject; as, Here goes, for Now (something or somebody) goes; -- especially occurring thus in drinking healths. "Here's [a health] to thee, Dick." Cowley.

Here and there, in one place and another; in a dispersed manner; irregularly. "Footsteps here and there." Longfellow. -- It is neither, here nor there, it is neither in this place nor in that, neither in one place nor in another; hence, it is to no purpose, irrelevant, nonsense. Shak.

{ Here"a-bout` (?), Here"a*bouts` (?), } adv. 1. About this place; in this vicinity.

2. Concerning this. [Obs.]

Here*aft"er (?), adv. [AS. hrÊfter.] In time to come; in some future time or state.

Hereafter he from war shall come.

Dryden.

Here*aft"er, n. A future existence or state.

'Tis Heaven itself that points out an hereafter.

Addison.

Here*aft"er*ward (?), adv. Hereafter. [Obs.]

Thou shalt hereafterward . . . come.

Chaucer.

Here-at" (?), adv. At, or by reason of, this; as, he was offended hereat. Hooker.

Here*by" (?), adv. 1. By means of this.

And hereby we do know that we know him.

1 John ii. 3.

2. Close by; very near. [Obs.] Shak.

He*red`i*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. State of being hereditable. Brydges.

He*red"i*ta*ble (?), a. [LL. hereditabilis, fr. hereditare to inherit, fr. L. hereditas heirship inheritance, heres heir: cf. OF. hereditable. See Heir, and cf. Heritable.] 1. Capable of being inherited. See Inheritable. Locke.

2. Qualified to inherit; capable of inheriting.

He*red"i*ta*bly, adv. By inheritance. W. Tooke.

Her`e*dit"a*ment (?), n. [LL. hereditamentum. See Hereditable.] (Law) Any species of property that may be inherited; lands, tenements, anything corporeal or incorporeal, real, personal, or mixed, that may descend to an heir. Blackstone.

A corporeal hereditament is visible and tangible; an incorporeal hereditament is not in itself visible or tangible, being an hereditary right, interest, or obligation, as duty to pay rent, or a right of way.

He*red"i*ta*ri*ly (?), adv. By inheritance; in an hereditary manner. Pope.

He*red"i*ta*ry (?), a. [L. hereditarius, fr. hereditas heirship, inheritance, fr. heres heir: cf. F. hÈrÈditaire. See Heir.] 1. Descended, or capable of descending, from an ancestor to an heir at law; received or passing by inheritance, or that must pass by inheritance; as, an hereditary estate or crown.

2. Transmitted, or capable of being transmitted, as a constitutional quality or condition from a parent to a child; as, hereditary pride, bravery, disease.

Syn. -- Ancestral; patrimonial; inheritable.

He*red"i*ty (?), n. [L. hereditas heirship.] (Biol.) Hereditary transmission of the physical and psychical qualities of parents to their offspring; the biological law by which living beings tend to repeat their characteristics in their descendants. See Pangenesis.

Her"e*ford (?), n. One of a breed of cattle originating in Herefordshire, England. The Herefords are good working animals, and their beef-producing quality is excellent.

Here"hence` (?), adv. From hence. [Obs.]

Here*in" (?), adv. [AS. h&?;rinne.] In this.

Herein is my Father glorified, that ye bear much fruit.

John xv. 8.

Here`in*aft"er (?), adv. In the following part of this (writing, document, speech, and the like).

Here`in*be*fore", adv. In the preceding part of this (writing, document, book, etc.).

Here`in*to" (?; 277), adv. Into this. Hooker.

{ Her"e*mit (?), Her"e*mite (?), } n. [See Hermit.] A hermit. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Her`e*mit"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a hermit; solitary; secluded from society. Pope.

Her"en (?), a. Made of hair. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Here*of" (?), adv. Of this; concerning this; from this; hence.

Hereof comes it that Prince Harry is valiant.

Shak.

Here*on" (?), adv. On or upon this; hereupon.

Here*out" (?), adv. Out of this. [Obs.] Spenser.

Her"e*si*arch (?; 277), n. [L. haeresiarcha, Gr. &?;; &?; heresy + &?; leader, &?; to lead: cf. F. hÈrÈsiarque.] A leader in heresy; the chief of a sect of heretics. Bp. Stillingfleet.

Her"e*si*arch`y (?), n. A chief or great heresy. [R.]

The book itself [the Alcoran] consists of heresiarchies against our blessed Savior.

Sir T. Herbert.

Her`e*si*og"ra*pher (?), n. [See Heresiography.] One who writes on heresies.

Her`e*si*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; heresy + -graphy: cf. F. hÈrÈsiographie.] A treatise on heresy.

Her"e*sy (?), n.; pl. Heresies (#). [OE. heresie, eresie, OF. heresie, iresie, F. hÈrÈsie, L. haeresis, Gr. &?; a taking, a taking for one's self, choosing, a choice, a sect, a heresy, fr. &?; to take, choose.]

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1. An opinion held in opposition to the established or commonly received doctrine, and tending to promote a division or party, as in politics, literature, philosophy, etc.; -- usually, but not necessarily, said in reproach.

New opinions Divers and dangerous, which are heresies, And, not reformed, may prove pernicious.

Shak.

After the study of philosophy began in Greece, and the philosophers, disagreeing amongst themselves, had started many questions . . . because every man took what opinion he pleased, each several opinion was called a heresy; which signified no more than a private opinion, without reference to truth or falsehood.

Hobbes.

2. (Theol.) Religious opinion opposed to the authorized doctrinal standards of any particular church, especially when tending to promote schism or separation; lack of orthodox or sound belief; rejection of, or erroneous belief in regard to, some fundamental religious doctrine or truth; heterodoxy.

Doubts 'mongst divines, and difference of texts, From whence arise diversity of sects, And hateful heresies by God abhor'd.

Spenser.

Deluded people! that do not consider that the greatest heresy in the world is a wicked life.

Tillotson.

3. (Law) An offense against Christianity, consisting in a denial of some essential doctrine, which denial is publicly avowed, and obstinately maintained.

A second offense is that of heresy, which consists not in a total denial of Christianity, but of some its essential doctrines, publicly and obstinately avowed.

Blackstone.

"When I call dueling, and similar aberrations of honor, a moral heresy, I refer to the force of the Greek &?;, as signifying a principle or opinion taken up by the will for the will's sake, as a proof or pledge to itself of its own power of self- determination, independent of all other motives." Coleridge.

Her"e*tic (?), n. [L. haereticus, Gr. &?; able to choose, heretical, fr. &?; to take, choose: cf. F. hÈrÈtique. See Heresy.] 1. One who holds to a heresy; one who believes some doctrine contrary to the established faith or prevailing religion.

A man that is an heretic, after the first and second admonition, reject.

Titus iii. 10.

2. (R. C. Ch.) One who having made a profession of Christian belief, deliberately and pertinaciously refuses to believe one or more of the articles of faith "determined by the authority of the universal church." Addis & Arnold.

Syn. -- Heretic, Schismatic, Sectarian. A heretic is one whose errors are doctrinal, and usually of a malignant character, tending to subvert the true faith. A schismatic is one who creates a schism, or division in the church, on points of faith, discipline, practice, etc., usually for the sake of personal aggrandizement. A sectarian is one who originates or is an ardent adherent and advocate of a sect, or distinct organization, which separates from the main body of believers.

He*ret"i*cal (?), a. Containing heresy; of the nature of, or characterized by, heresy.

He*ret"i*cal*ly, adv. In an heretical manner.

He*ret"i*cate (?), v. t. [LL. haereticatus, p. p. of haereticare.] To decide to be heresy or a heretic; to denounce as a heretic or heretical. Bp. Hall.

And let no one be minded, on the score of my neoterism, to hereticate me.

Fitzed. Hall.

He*ret`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. The act of hereticating or pronouncing heretical. London Times.

Here*to" (?), adv. To this; hereunto. Hooker.

{ Her"e*toch (?), Her"e*tog (?), } n. [AS. heretoga, heretoha; here army + teÛn to draw, lead; akin to OS. heritogo, OHG. herizogo, G. herzog duke.] (AS. Antiq.) The leader or commander of an army; also, a marshal. Blackstone.

Here`to*fore" (?), adv. Up to this time; hitherto; before; in time past. Shak.

Here`un*to" (?), adv. Unto this; up to this time; hereto.

Here`up*on" (?), adv. On this; hereon.

Here*with" (?), adv. With this.

Her"ie (?), v. t. [See Hery.] To praise; to worship. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Her"i*ot (?), n. [AS. heregeatu military equipment, heriot; here army + geatwe, pl., arms, equipments.] (Eng. Law) Formerly, a payment or tribute of arms or military accouterments, or the best beast, or chattel, due to the lord on the death of a tenant; in modern use, a customary tribute of goods or chattels to the lord of the fee, paid on the decease of a tenant. Blackstone. Bouvier.

Heriot custom, a heriot depending on usage. -- Heriot service (Law), a heriot due by reservation in a grant or lease of lands. Spelman. Blackstone.

Her"i*ot*a*ble (?), a. Subject to the payment of a heriot. Burn.

Her"is*son (?), n. [F. hÈrisson, prop., hedgehog.] (fort.) A beam or bar armed with iron spikes, and turning on a pivot; -- used to block up a passage.

Her`it*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state of being heritable.

Her"it*a*ble (?), a. [OF. hÈritable. See Heritage, Hereditable.] 1. Capable of being inherited or of passing by inheritance; inheritable.

2. Capable of inheriting or receiving by inheritance.

This son shall be legitimate and heritable.

Sir M. Hale.

Heritable rights (Scots Law), rights of the heir; rights to land or whatever may be intimately connected with land; realty. Jacob (Law Dict.).

Her"it*age (?), a. [OE. heritage, eritage, OF. heritage, eritage, F. hÈritage, fr. hÈriter to inherit, LL. heriditare. See Hereditable.] 1. That which is inherited, or passes from heir to heir; inheritance.

Part of my heritage, Which my dead father did bequeath to me.

Shak.

2. (Script.) A possession; the Israelites, as God's chosen people; also, a flock under pastoral charge. Joel iii. 2. 1 Peter v. 3.

Her"it*ance (?), n. [OF. heritance.] Heritage; inheritance. [R.]

Robbing their children of the heritance Their fathers handed down

Southey.

Her"it*or (?), n. [Cf. LL. her&?;ator, fr. L. heres an heir.] A proprietor or landholder in a parish. [Scot.]

Herl (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Same as Harl, 2.

Her"ling, Hir"ling (&?;), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoˆl.) The young of the sea trout. [Prov. Eng.]

||Her"ma (?), n.; pl. HermÊ (#). [L.] See Hermes, 2.

Her*maph`ro*de"i*ty (?), n. Hermaphrodism. B. Jonson.

Her*maph"ro*dism (?), n. [Cf. F. hermaphrodisme.] (Biol.) See Hermaphroditism.

Her*maph"ro*dite (?), n. [L. hermaphroditus, Gr. &?;, so called from the mythical story that Hermaphroditus, son of Hermes and Aphrodite, when bathing, became joined in one body with Salmacis, the nymph of a fountain in Caria: cf. F. hermaphrodite.] (Biol.) An individual which has the attributes of both male and female, or which unites in itself the two sexes; an animal or plant having the parts of generation of both sexes, as when a flower contains both the stamens and pistil within the same calyx, or on the same receptacle. In some cases reproduction may take place without the union of the distinct individuals. In the animal kingdom true hermaphrodites are found only among the invertebrates. See Illust. in Appendix, under Helminths.

Her*maph"ro*dite, a. Including, or being of, both sexes; as, an hermaphrodite animal or flower.

Hermaphrodite brig. (Naut.) See under Brig. Totten.

{ Her*maph`ro*dit"ic (?), Her*maph`ro*dit"ic*al (?), } a. (Biol.) Partaking of the characteristics of both sexes; characterized by hermaphroditism. -- Her*maph`ro*dit"ic*al*ly, adv.

Her*maph"ro*dit*ism (?), n. (Biol.) The union of the two sexes in the same individual, or the combination of some of their characteristics or organs in one individual.

{ Her`me*neu"tic (?), Her`me*neu"tic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to interpret: cf. F. hermÈneutique.] Unfolding the signification; of or pertaining to interpretation; exegetical; explanatory; as, hermeneutic theology, or the art of expounding the Scriptures; a hermeneutic phrase.

Her`me*neu"tic*al*ly, adv. According to the principles of interpretation; as, a verse of Scripture was examined hermeneutically.

Her`me*neu"tics (?), n. [Gr. &?; (sc. &?;).] The science of interpretation and explanation; exegesis; esp., that branch of theology which defines the laws whereby the meaning of the Scriptures is to be ascertained. Schaff- Herzog Encyc.

Her"mes (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] 1. (Myth.) See Mercury.

Hermes Trismegistus [Gr. 'Ermh^s trisme`gistos, lit., Hermes thrice greatest] was a late name of Hermes, especially as identified with the Egyptian god Thoth. He was the fabled inventor of astrology and alchemy.

2. (ArchÊology) Originally, a boundary stone dedicated to Hermes as the god of boundaries, and therefore bearing in some cases a head, or head and shoulders, placed upon a quadrangular pillar whose height is that of the body belonging to the head, sometimes having feet or other parts of the body sculptured upon it. These figures, though often representing Hermes, were used for other divinities, and even, in later times, for portraits of human beings. Called also herma. See Terminal statue, under Terminal.

{ Her*met"ic (?), Her*met"ic*al (?), } a. [F. hermÈtique. See Note under Hermes, 1.] 1. Of, pertaining to, or taught by, Hermes Trismegistus; as, hermetic philosophy. Hence: Alchemical; chemic. "Delusions of the hermetic art." Burke.

The alchemists, as the people were called who tried to make gold, considered themselves followers of Hermes, and often called themselves Hermetic philosophers.

A. B. Buckley.

2. Of or pertaining to the system which explains the causes of diseases and the operations of medicine on the principles of the hermetic philosophy, and which made much use, as a remedy, of an alkali and an acid; as, hermetic medicine.

3. Made perfectly close or air-tight by fusion, so that no gas or spirit can enter or escape; as, an hermetic seal. See Note under Hermetically.

Hermetic art, alchemy. -- Hermetic books. (a) Books of the Egyptians, which treat of astrology. (b) Books which treat of universal principles, of the nature and orders of celestial beings, of medicine, and other topics.

Her*met"ic*al*ly, adv. 1. In an hermetical manner; chemically. Boyle.

2. By fusion, so as to form an air-tight closure.

A vessel or tube is hermetically sealed when it is closed completely against the passage of air or other fluid by fusing the extremity; -- sometimes less properly applied to any air-tight closure.

Her"mit (?), n. [OE. ermite, eremite, heremit, heremite, F. hermite, ermite, L. eremita, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; lonely, solitary. Cf. Eremite.] 1. A person who retires from society and lives in solitude; a recluse; an anchoret; especially, one who so lives from religious motives.

He had been Duke of Savoy, and after a very glorious reign, took on him the habit of a hermit, and retired into this solitary spot.

Addison.

2. A beadsman; one bound to pray for another. [Obs.] "We rest your hermits." Shak.

Hermit crab (Zoˆl.), a marine decapod crustacean of the family PaguridÊ. The species are numerous, and belong to many genera. Called also soldier crab. The hermit crabs usually occupy the dead shells of various univalve mollusks. See Illust. of Commensal. -- Hermit thrush (Zoˆl.), an American thrush (Turdus Pallasii), with retiring habits, but having a sweet song. -- Hermit warbler (Zoˆl.), a California wood warbler (Dendroica occidentalis), having the head yellow, the throat black, and the back gray, with black streaks.

Her"mit*age (?; 48), n. [OE. hermitage, ermitage, F. hermitage, ermitage. See Hermit.] 1. The habitation of a hermit; a secluded residence.

Some forlorn and naked hermitage, Remote from all the pleasures of the world.

Shak.

2. [F. Vin de l'Hermitage.] A celebrated French wine, both white and red, of the Department of DrÙme.

Her"mit*a*ry (?), n. [Cf. LL. hermitorium, eremitorium.] A cell annexed to an abbey, for the use of a hermit. Howell.

Her"mit*ess, n. A female hermit. Coleridge.

Her*mit"i*cal (?), a. Pertaining to, or suited for, a hermit. Coventry.

Her`mo*dac"tyl (?), n. [NL. hermodactylus, lit., Hermes' finger; fr. Gr. &?; Hermes + &?; finger.] (med.) A heart-shaped bulbous root, about the size of a finger, brought from Turkey, formerly used as a cathartic.

Her`mo*ge"ni*an (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A disciple of Hermogenes, an heretical teacher who lived in Africa near the close of the second century. He held matter to be the fountain of all evil, and that souls and spirits are formed of corrupt matter.

Hern (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A heron; esp., the common European heron. "A stately hern." Trench.

Her*na"ni (?), n. A thin silk or woolen goods, for women's dresses, woven in various styles and colors.

Herne (?), n. [AS. hyrne.] A corner. [Obs.]

Lurking in hernes and in lanes blind.

Chaucer.

Her"ni*a (?), n.; pl. E. Hernias (#), L. HerniÊ (#). [L.] (Med.) A protrusion, consisting of an organ or part which has escaped from its natural cavity, and projects through some natural or accidental opening in the walls of the latter; as, hernia of the brain, of the lung, or of the bowels. Hernia of the abdominal viscera in most common. Called also rupture.

Strangulated hernia, a hernia so tightly compressed in some part of the channel through which it has been protruded as to arrest its circulation, and produce swelling of the protruded part. It may occur in recent or chronic hernia, but is more common in the latter.

Her"ni*al (?), a. Of, or connected with, hernia.

Her`ni*ot"o*my (?), n. [Hernia + Gr. &?; to cut.] (Med.) A cutting for the cure or relief of hernia; celotomy.

Hern"shaw (?), n. Heronshaw. [Obs.] Spenser.

He"ro (?), n.; pl. Heroes (#). [F. hÈros, L. heros, Gr. &?;.] 1. (Myth.) An illustrious man, supposed to be exalted, after death, to a place among the gods; a demigod, as Hercules.

2. A man of distinguished valor or enterprise in danger, or fortitude in suffering; a prominent or central personage in any remarkable action or event; hence, a great or illustrious person.

Each man is a hero and oracle to somebody.

Emerson.

3. The principal personage in a poem, story, and the like, or the person who has the principal share in the transactions related; as Achilles in the Iliad, Ulysses in the Odyssey, and ∆neas in the ∆neid.

The shining quality of an epic hero.

Dryden.

Hero worship, extravagant admiration for great men, likened to the ancient worship of heroes.

Hero worship exists, has existed, and will forever exist, universally among mankind.

Carlyle.

He*ro"di*an (?), n. (Jewish Hist.) One of a party among the Jews, composed of partisans of Herod of Galilee. They joined with the Pharisees against Christ.

||He*ro`di*o"nes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a heron.] (Zoˆl.) A ||division of wading birds, including the herons, storks, and allied ||forms. Called also Herodii. -- He*ro`di*o"nine (#), a.

He"ro*ess (?), n. A heroine. [Obs.] Dryden.

He*ro"ic (?), a. [F. hÈroÔque, L. heroÔcus, Gr. &?;.] 1. Of or pertaining to, or like, a hero; of the nature of heroes; distinguished by the existence of heroes; as, the heroic age; an heroic people; heroic valor.

2. Worthy of a hero; bold; daring; brave; illustrious; as, heroic action; heroic enterprises.

3. (Sculpture & Painting) Larger than life size, but smaller than colossal; -- said of the representation of a human figure.

Heroic Age, the age when the heroes, or those called the children of the gods, are supposed to have lived. -- Heroic poetry, that which celebrates the deeds of a hero; epic poetry. -- Heroic treatment or remedies (Med.), treatment or remedies of a severe character, suited to a desperate case. -- Heroic verse (Pros.), the verse of heroic or epic poetry, being in English, German, and Italian the iambic of ten syllables; in French the iambic of twelve syllables; and in classic poetry the hexameter.

Syn. -- Brave; intrepid; courageous; daring; valiant; bold; gallant; fearless; enterprising; noble; magnanimous; illustrious.

He*ro"ic*al (?), a. Heroic. [R.] Spectator. -- He*ro"ic*al*ly, adv. -- He*ro"ic*al*ness, n.

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He*ro"ic*ness (?), n. Heroism. [R.] W. Montagu.

{ He`ro*i*com"ic (?), He`ro*i*com"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. hÈroÔcomigue. See Heroic, and Comic.] Combining the heroic and the ludicrous; denoting high burlesque; as, a heroicomic poem.

Her"o*ine (?), n. [F. hÈroÔne, L. heroina, Gr. &?;, fem. of &?;. See Hero.] 1. A woman of an heroic spirit.

The heroine assumed the woman's place.

Dryden.

2. The principal female person who figures in a remarkable action, or as the subject of a poem or story.

Her"o*ism (?; 277), n. [F. hÈroÔsme.] The qualities characteristic of a hero, as courage, bravery, fortitude, unselfishness, etc.; the display of such qualities.

Heroism is the self-devotion of genius manifesting itself in action.

Hare.

Syn. -- Heroism, Courage, Fortitude, Bravery, Valor, Intrepidity, Gallantry. Courage is generic, denoting fearlessness or defiance of danger; fortitude is passive courage, the habit of bearing up nobly under trials, danger, and sufferings; bravery is courage displayed in daring acts; valor is courage in battle or other conflicts with living opponents; intrepidity is firm courage, which shrinks not amid the most appalling dangers; gallantry is adventurous courage, dashing into the thickest of the fight. Heroism may call into exercise all these modifications of courage. It is a contempt of danger, not from ignorance or inconsiderate levity, but from a noble devotion to some great cause, and a just confidence of being able to meet danger in the spirit of such a cause. Cf. Courage.

Her"on (?), n. [OE. heiroun, heroun, heron, hern, OF. hairon, F. hÈron, OHG. heigir; cf. Icel. hegri, Dan. heire, Sw. h‰ger, and also G. h‰her jay, jackdaw, OHG. hehara, higere, woodpecker, magpie, D. reiger heron, G. reiher, AS. hrgra. Cf. Aigret, Egret.] (Zoˆl.) Any wading bird of the genus Ardea and allied genera, of the family ArdeidÊ. The herons have a long, sharp bill, and long legs and toes, with the claw of the middle toe toothed. The common European heron (Ardea cinerea) is remarkable for its directly ascending flight, and was formerly hunted with the larger falcons.

There are several common American species; as, the great blue heron (Ardea herodias); the little blue (A. cúrulea); the green (A. virescens); the snowy (A. candidissima); the night heron or qua-bird (Nycticorax nycticorax). The plumed herons are called egrets.

Heron's bill (Bot.), a plant of the genus Erodium; -- so called from the fancied resemblance of the fruit to the head and beak of the heron.

Her"on*er (?), n. A hawk used in hunting the heron. "Heroner and falcon." Chaucer.

Her"on*ry (?), n. A place where herons breed.

Her"on*sew (?), n. A heronshaw. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Her"on*shaw (?), n. [OF. heroncel, dim. of hÈron. See Heron.] (Zoˆl.) A heron. [Written variously hernshaw, harnsey, etc.]

He`ro*ˆl"o*gist (?), n. [Gr. &?; + &?; discourse.] One who treats of heroes. [R.] T. Warton.

He"ro*ship (?), n. The character or personality of a hero. "Three years of heroship." Cowper.

Her"pes (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. "e`rphs, fr. "e`rpein to creep.] (Med.) An eruption of the skin, taking various names, according to its form, or the part affected; especially, an eruption of vesicles in small distinct clusters, accompanied with itching or tingling, including shingles, ringworm, and the like; -- so called from its tendency to creep or spread from one part of the skin to another.

Her*pet"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. herpÈtique.] Pertaining to, or resembling, the herpes; partaking of the nature of herpes; as, herpetic eruptions.

Her"pe*tism (?), n. [See Herpes.] (Med.) See Dartrous diathesis, under Dartrous.

{ Her*pet`o*log"ic (?), Her*pet`o*log"ic*al (?), } a. Pertaining to herpetology.

Her`pe*tol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in herpetology, or the natural history of reptiles.

Her`pe*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Written also, but less properly, erpetology.] [Gr. &?; a creeping thing, reptile (fr. &?; to creep) + -logy: cf. F. herpÈtologie.] The natural history of reptiles; that branch of zoˆlogy which relates to reptiles, including their structure, classification, and habits.

Her`pe*tot"o*mist (?), n. One who dissects, or studies the anatomy of, reptiles.

Her`pe*tot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; a reptile + &?; to cut.] The anatomy or dissection of reptiles.

||Herr (?), n. A title of respect given to gentlemen in Germany, ||equivalent to the English Mister.

Her"ring (?), n. [OE. hering, AS. hÊring; akin to D. haring, G. h‰ring, hering, OHG. haring, hering, and prob. to AS. here army, and so called because they commonly move in large numbers. Cf. Harry.] (Zoˆl.) One of various species of fishes of the genus Clupea, and allied genera, esp. the common round or English herring (C. harengus) of the North Atlantic. Herrings move in vast schools, coming in spring to the shores of Europe and America, where they are salted and smoked in great quantities.

Herring gull (Zoˆl.), a large gull which feeds in part upon herrings; esp., Larus argentatus in America, and L. cachinnans in England. See Gull. -- Herring hog (Zoˆl.), the common porpoise. -- King of the herrings. (Zoˆl.) (a) The chimÊra (C. monstrosa) which follows the schools of herring. See ChimÊra. (b) The opah.

Her"ring*bone` (hr"rng*bn`), a. Pertaining to, or like, the spine of a herring; especially, characterized by an arrangement of work in rows of parallel lines, which in the alternate rows slope in different directions.

Herringbone stitch, a kind of cross-stitch in needlework, chiefly used in flannel. Simmonds.

Herrn"hut*er (hrn"h*r; G. hrn"h*r), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of the Moravians; -- so called from the settlement of Herrnhut (the Lord's watch) made, about 1722, by the Moravians at the invitation of Nicholas Lewis, count of Zinzendorf, upon his estate in the circle of Bautzen.

Hers (hrz), pron. See the Note under Her, pron.

Her"sal (?), n. Rehearsal. [Obs.] Spenser.

Her"schel (?), n. (Astron.) See Uranus.

Her*sche"li*an (?), a. Of or relating to Sir William Herschel; as, the Herschelian telescope.

Herse (hrs), n. [F. herse harrow, portcullis, OF. herce, LL. hercia, L. hirpex, gen. hirpicis, and irpex, gen. irpicis, harrow. The LL. hercia signifies also a kind of candlestick in the form of a harrow, having branches filled with lights, and placed at the head of graves or cenotaphs; whence herse came to be used for the grave, coffin, or chest containing the dead. Cf. Hearse.] 1. (Fort.) A kind of gate or portcullis, having iron bars, like a harrow, studded with iron spikes. It is hung above gateways so that it may be quickly lowered, to impede the advance of an enemy. Farrow.

2. See Hearse, a carriage for the dead.

3. A funeral ceremonial. [Obs.] Spenser.

Herse, v. t. Same as Hearse, v. t. Chapman.

Her*self" (?), pron. 1. An emphasized form of the third person feminine pronoun; -- used as a subject with she; as, she herself will bear the blame; also used alone in the predicate, either in the nominative or objective case; as, it is herself; she blames herself.

2. Her own proper, true, or real character; hence, her right, or sane, mind; as, the woman was deranged, but she is now herself again; she has come to herself.

By herself, alone; apart; unaccompanied.

Her"sil*lon (?), n. [F., fr. herse a harrow. See Herse, n.] (Fort.) A beam with projecting spikes, used to make a breach impassable.

Hert (?), n. A hart. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Her"te (?), n. A heart. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Her"te*ly, a. & adv. Hearty; heartily. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Her"y (?), v. t. [AS. herian.] To worship; to glorify; to praise. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

Hes"i*tan*cy (?), n. [L. haesitantia a stammering.] 1. The act of hesitating, or pausing to consider; slowness in deciding; vacillation; also, the manner of one who hesitates.

2. A stammering; a faltering in speech.

Hes"i*tant (?), a. [L. haesitans, p. pr. of haesitare: cf. F. hÈsitant. See Hesitate.] 1. Not prompt in deciding or acting; hesitating.

2. Unready in speech. Baxter.

Hes"i*tant*ly, adv. With hesitancy or doubt.

Hes"i*tate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hesitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hesitating.] [L. haesitatus, p. p. of haesitare, intens. fr. haerere to hesitate, stick fast; to hang or hold fast. Cf. Aghast, Gaze, Adhere.]

1. To stop or pause respecting decision or action; to be in suspense or uncertainty as to a determination; as, he hesitated whether to accept the offer or not; men often hesitate in forming a judgment. Pope.

2. To stammer; to falter in speaking.

Syn. -- To doubt; waver; scruple; deliberate; demur; falter; stammer.

Hes"i*tate, v. t. To utter with hesitation or to intimate by a reluctant manner. [Poetic & R.]

Just hint a fault, and hesitate dislike.

Pope.

Hes"i*ta`ting*ly, adv. With hesitation or doubt.

Hes`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. haesitatio: cf. F. hÈsitation.] 1. The act of hesitating; suspension of opinion or action; doubt; vacillation.

2. A faltering in speech; stammering. Swift.

Hes"i*ta*tive (?), a. Showing, or characterized by, hesitation.

[He said] in his mild, hesitative way.

R. D. Blackmore.

Hes"i*ta*to*ry (?), a. Hesitating. R. North.

Hesp (?), n. [Cf. Icel. hespa a hasp, a wisp or skein. See Hasp.] A measure of two hanks of linen thread. [Scot.] [Written also hasp.] Knight.

Hes"per (?), n. [See Hesperian.] The evening; Hesperus.

Hes*per"e*tin (?), n. (Chem.) A white, crystalline substance having a sweetish taste, obtained by the decomposition of hesperidin, and regarded as a complex derivative of caffeic acid.

Hes*pe"ri*an (?), a. [L. hesperius, fr. hesperus the evening star, Gr. &?; evening, &?; &?; the evening star. Cf. Vesper.] Western; being in the west; occidental. [Poetic] Milton.

Hes*pe"ri*an, n. A native or an inhabitant of a western country. [Poetic] J. Barlow.

Hes*pe"ri*an, a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to a family of butterflies called HesperidÊ, or skippers. -- n. Any one of the numerous species of HesperidÊ; a skipper.

Hes"per*id (?), a. & n. (Zoˆl.) Same as 3d Hesperian.

Hes*per"i*dene (?), n. [See Hesperidium.] (Chem.) An isomeric variety of terpene from orange oil.

||Hes*per"i*des (?), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.]

1. (Class. Myth.) The daughters of Hesperus, or Night (brother of Atlas), and fabled possessors of a garden producing golden apples, in Africa, at the western extremity of the known world. To slay the guarding dragon and get some of these apples was one of the labors of Hercules. Called also Atlantides.

2. The garden producing the golden apples.

It not love a Hercules, Still climbing trees in the Hesperides?

Shak.

Hes*per"i*din (?), n. [See Hesperidium.] (Chem.) A glucoside found in ripe and unripe fruit (as the orange), and extracted as a white crystalline substance.

||Hes`pe*rid"i*um (?), n. [NL. So called in allusion to the golden ||apples of the Hesperides. See Hesperides.] (Bot.) A large berry with ||a thick rind, as a lemon or an orange.

||Hes`pe*ror"nis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; western + &?;, &?;, a bird.] ||(Paleon.) A genus of large, extinct, wingless birds from the ||Cretaceous deposits of Kansas, belonging to the Odontornithes. They ||had teeth, and were essentially carnivorous swimming ostriches. ||Several species are known. See Illust. in Append.

||Hes"pe*rus (?), n. [L. See Hesper.] 1. Venus when she is the evening ||star; Hesper.

2. Evening. [Poetic]

The Sun was sunk, and after him the Star Of Hesperus.

Milton.

Hes"sian (?), a. Of or relating to Hesse, in Germany, or to the Hessians.

Hessian boots, or Hessians, boot of a kind worn in England, in the early part of the nineteenth century, tasseled in front. Thackeray. -- Hessian cloth, or Hessians, a coarse hempen cloth for sacking. -- Hessian crucible. See under Crucible. -- Hessian fly (Zoˆl.), a small dipterous fly or midge (Cecidomyia destructor). Its larvÊ live between the base of the lower leaves and the stalk of wheat, and are very destructive to young wheat; -- so called from the erroneous idea that it was brought into America by the Hessian troops, during the Revolution.

Hes"sian, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Hesse.

2. A mercenary or venal person. [U. S.]

This use is a relic of the patriot hatred of the Hessian mercenaries who served with the British troops in the Revolutionary War.

3. pl. See Hessian boots and cloth, under Hessian, a.

Hess"ite (?), n. [After H. Hess.] (Min.) A lead-gray sectile mineral. It is a telluride of silver.

Hest (?), n. [AS. h&?;s, fr. h&?;tan to call, bid. See Hight, and cf. Behest.] Command; precept; injunction. [Archaic] See Behest. "At thy hest." Shak.

Let him that yields obey the victor's hest.

Fairfax.

Yet I thy hest will all perform, at full.

Tennyson.

{ Hes"tern (?), Hes*ter"nal (?), } a. [L. hesternus; akin to heri yesterday.] Pertaining to yesterday. [Obs.] See Yester, a. Ld. Lytton.

Hes"y*chast (?), n. [Gr. &?; hermit, fr. &?; to be still or quiet, fr. &?; still, calm.] One of a mystical sect of the Greek Church in the fourteenth century; a quietist. Brande & C.

{ He*tair"ism (?), Het"a*rism (?), } n. [Gr. &?; a companion, a concubine, fem. of &?; a comrade.] A supposed primitive state of society, in which all the women of a tribe were held in common. H. Spencer. -- Het`a*ris"tic (#), a.

Hetch"el (?), v. t. Same as Hatchel.

Hete (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Hete, later Het.] Variant of Hote. [Obs.]

But one avow to greate God I hete.

Chaucer.

Het"er*a*canth (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. &?; a spine.] (Zoˆl.) Having the spines of the dorsal fin unsymmetrical, or thickened alternately on the right and left sides.

Het"er*arch`y (?), n. [Hetero- + -archy.] The government of an alien. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

||Het`e*raux*e"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the other + &?; growth.] ||(Bot.) Unequal growth of a cell, or of a part of a plant.

Het"er*o- (?). [Gr. "e`teros other.] A combining form signifying other, other than usual, different; as, heteroclite, heterodox, heterogamous.

Het`er*o*car"pism (?), n. [Hetero- + Gr.&?; fruit.] (Bot.) The power of producing two kinds of reproductive bodies, as in AmphicarpÊa, in which besides the usual pods, there are others underground.

Het`er*o*car"pous (?), a. (Bot.) Characterized by heterocarpism.

Het`er*o*ceph"a*lous (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr.&?; head.] (Bot.) Bearing two kinds of heads or capitula; -- said of certain composite plants.

||Het`e*roc"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; other + &?; horn.] ||(Zoˆl.) A division of Lepidoptera, including the moths, and hawk ||moths, which have the antennÊ variable in form.

Het`er*o*cer"cal (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. &?; tail.] (Anat.) Having the vertebral column evidently continued into the upper lobe of the tail, which is usually longer than the lower one, as in sharks.

<! p. 690 !>

Het"er*o*cer`cy (?), n. [Hetero- + Gr. &?; a tail.] (Anat.) Unequal development of the tail lobes of fishes; the possession of a heterocercal tail.

Het`er*o*chro"mous (?; 277), a. [Hetero- + Gr. &?; color.] (Bot.) Having the central florets of a flower head of a different color from those of the circumference.

{ Het`er*och"ro*nism (?), Het`er*och"ro*ny (?), } n. [Gr. &?; of different times; &?; other + &?; time.] (Biol.) In evolution, a deviation from the typical sequence in the formation of organs or parts.

Het"er*o*clite, a. [L. heteroclitus, Gr. &?;; &?; other + &?; to lean, incline, inflect: cf. F. hÈtÈroclite.] Deviating from ordinary forms or rules; irregular; anomalous; abnormal.

Het"er*o*clite, n. 1. (Gram.) A word which is irregular or anomalous either in declension or conjugation, or which deviates from ordinary forms of inflection in words of a like kind; especially, a noun which is irregular in declension.

2. Any thing or person deviating from the common rule, or from common forms. Howell.

{ Het`er*o*clit"ic (?), Het`er*o*clit"ic*al (?), } a. [See Heteroclite.] Deviating from ordinary forms or rules; irregular; anomalous; abnormal.

Het`er*oc"li*tous (?), a. Heteroclitic. [Obs.]

Het"er*o*cyst (?), n. [Hetero- + cyst.] (Bot.) A cell larger than the others, and of different appearance, occurring in certain algÊ related to nostoc.

Het`er*o*dac"tyl (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Heterodactylous. -- n. One of the HeterodactylÊ.

||Het`e*ro*dac"ty*lÊ (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; other + &?; a ||finger.] (Zoˆl.) A group of birds including the trogons.

Het`er*o*dac"tyl*ous (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. &?; a toe.] (Zoˆl.) Having the first and second toes turned backward, as in the trogons.

Het"er*o*dont (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. &?;, &?; a tooth.] (Anat.) Having the teeth differentiated into incisors, canines, and molars, as in man; -- opposed to homodont.

Het"er*o*dont, n. (Zoˆl.) Any animal with heterodont dentition.

Het"er*o*dox (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?; other + &?; opinion; cf. F. hÈtÈrodoxe.] 1. Contrary to, or differing from, some acknowledged standard, as the Bible, the creed of a church, the decree of a council, and the like; not orthodox; heretical; -- said of opinions, doctrines, books, etc., esp. upon theological subjects.

Raw and indigested, heterodox, preaching.

Strype.

2. Holding heterodox opinions, or doctrines not orthodox; heretical; -- said of persons. Macaulay.

-- Het"er*o*dox`ly, adv. -- Het"er*o*dox`ness, n.

Het"er*o*dox, n. An opinion opposed to some accepted standard. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Het"er*o*dox`al (?), a. Not orthodox. Howell.

Het"er*o*dox`y (?), n. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. hÈtÈrodoxie.] An opinion or doctrine, or a system of doctrines, contrary to some established standard of faith, as the Scriptures, the creed or standards of a church, etc.; heresy. Bp. Bull.

Het`er*od"ro*mous (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. &?; to run.] 1. (Bot.) Having spirals of changing direction. Gray.

2. (Mech.) Moving in opposite directions; -- said of a lever, pulley, etc., in which the resistance and the actuating force are on opposite sides of the fulcrum or axis.

Het`er*og"a*mous (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. ga`mos marriage: cf. F. hÈtÈrogame.] (Bot. & Biol.) (a) The condition of having two or more kinds of flowers which differ in regard to stamens and pistils, as in the aster. (b) Characterized by heterogamy.

Het`er*og"a*my (?), n. [See Heterogamous.]

1. (Bot.) The process of fertilization in plants by an indirect or circuitous method; -- opposed to orthogamy.

2. (Biol.) That form of alternate generation in which two kinds of sexual generation, or a sexual and a parthenogenetic generation, alternate; -- in distinction from metagenesis, where sexual and asexual generations alternate. Claus & Sedgwick.

Het`er*o*gan"gli*ate (?), a. [Hetero- + gangliate.] (Physiol.) Having the ganglia of the nervous system unsymmetrically arranged; -- said of certain invertebrate animals.

Het"er*o*gene (?), a. Heterogenous. [Obs.]

Het`er*o*ge"ne*al (?), a. Heterogeneous.

Het`er*o*ge*ne"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. hÈtÈrogÈnÈitÈ.] The state of being heterogeneous; contrariety.

The difference, indeed the heterogeneity, of the two may be felt.

Coleridge.

Het`er*o*ge"ne*ous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?; + &?; race, kind; akin to E. kin: cf. F. hÈtÈrogËne.] Differing in kind; having unlike qualities; possessed of different characteristics; dissimilar; -- opposed to homogeneous, and said of two or more connected objects, or of a conglomerate mass, considered in respect to the parts of which it is made up. -- Het`er*o*ge"ne*ous*ly, adv. -- Het`er*o*ge"ne*ous*ness, n.

Heterogeneous nouns (Gram.), nouns having different genders in the singular and plural numbers; as, hic locus, of the masculine gender in the singular, and hi loci and hÊc loca, both masculine and neuter in the plural; hoc cÊlum, neuter in the singular; hi cÊli, masculine in the plural. -- Heterogeneous quantities (Math.), such quantities as are incapable of being compared together in respect to magnitude, and surfaces and solids. -- Heterogeneous surds (Math.), surds having different radical signs.

Het`er*o*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Hetero- + genesis.] 1. (Biol.) Spontaneous generation, so called.

2. (Biol.) That method of reproduction in which the successive generations differ from each other, the parent organism producing offspring different in habit and structure from itself, the original form, however, reappearing after one or more generations; -- opposed to homogenesis, or gamogenesis.

Het`er*o*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to heterogenesis; as, heterogenetic transformations.

Het`er*og"e*nist (?), n. (Biol.) One who believes in the theory of spontaneous generation, or heterogenesis. Bastian.

Het`er*og"e*nous (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to heterogenesis; heterogenetic.

Het`er*og"e*ny (?), n. (Biol.) Heterogenesis.

Het`er*og"o*nous (?), a. (Bot.) Characterized by heterogony. -- Het`er*og"o*nous*ly, adv.

Het`er*og"o*ny (?), n. [Hetero- + Gr. &?; offspring.] (Bot.) The condition of having two or more kinds of flowers, different as to the length of their stamens and pistils.

Het`er*o*graph"ic (?), a. [See Heterography.] Employing the same letters to represent different sounds in different words or syllables; -- said of methods of spelling; as, the ordinary English orthography is heterographic.

Het`er*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Hetero- + -graphy.] That method of spelling in which the same letters represent different sounds in different words, as in the ordinary English orthography; e. g., g in get and in ginger.

Het`er*og"y*nous (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. &?; a woman, female.] (Zoˆl.) Having females very unlike the males in form and structure; -- as certain insects, the males of which are winged, and the females wingless.

Het`er*ol"o*gous (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. &?; proportion.] Characterized by heterology; consisting of different elements, or of like elements in different proportions; different; -- opposed to homologous; as, heterologous organs.

Heterologous stimulus. (Physiol.) See under Stimulus. -- Heterologous tumor (Med.), a tumor differing in structure from the normal tissues of the body.

Het`er*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Hetero- + -logy.] 1. (Biol.) The absence of correspondence, or relation, in type of structure; lack of analogy between parts, owing to their being composed of different elements, or of like elements in different proportions; variation in structure from the normal form; -- opposed to homology.

2. (Chem.) The connection or relation of bodies which have partial identity of composition, but different characteristics and properties; the relation existing between derivatives of the same substance, or of the analogous members of different series; as, ethane, ethyl alcohol, acetic aldehyde, and acetic acid are in heterology with each other, though each in at the same time a member of a distinct homologous series. Cf. Homology.

||Het`e*rom"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; other + &?; part.] ||(Zoˆl.) A division of Coleoptera, having heteromerous tarsi.

Het`er*om"er*ous (?), a. [See Heteromera.] 1. (Chem & Crystallog.) Unrelated in chemical composition, though similar or indentical in certain other respects; as, borax and augite are homúmorphous, but heteromerous.

2. (Bot.) With the parts not corresponding in number.

3. (Zoˆl.) (a) Having the femoral artery developed as the principal artery of the leg; -- said of certain birds, as the cotingas and pipras. (b) Having five tarsal joints in the anterior and middle legs, but only four in the posterior pair, as the blister beetles and oil beetles.

Het`er*o*mor"phic (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. &?; form.] (Biol.) Deviating from the normal, perfect, or mature form; having different forms at different stages of existence, or in different individuals of the same species; -- applied especially to insects in which there is a wide difference of form between the larva and the adult, and to plants having more than one form of flower.

{ Het`er*o*mor"phism (?), Het`er*o*mor"phy (?), } n. (Biol.) The state or quality of being heteromorphic.

Het`er*o*mor"phous (?), a. (Biol.) Heteromorphic.

||Het`e*ro*my*a"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; other + &?; a ||muscle.] (Zoˆl.) A division of bivalve shells, including the marine ||mussels, in which the two adductor muscles are very unequal. See ||Dreissena, and Illust. under Byssus.

||Het`e*ro*ne*re"is (?), n. [NL. See Hetero-, and Nereis.] (Zoˆl.) A ||free- swimming, dimorphic, sexual form of certain species of Nereis.

In this state the head and its appendages are changed in form, the eyes become very large; more or less of the parapodia are highly modified by the development of finlike lobes, and branchial lamellÊ, and their setÊ become longer and bladelike.

Het`er*on"o*mous (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. no`mos law.] Subject to the law of another. Krauth-Fleming.

Het`er*on"o*my (?), n. 1. Subordination or subjection to the law of another; political subjection of a community or state; -- opposed to autonomy.

2. (Metaph.) A term applied by Kant to those laws which are imposed on us from without, or the violence done to us by our passions, wants, or desires. Krauth- Fleming.

Het"er*o*nym (?), n. That which is heteronymous; a thing having a different name or designation from some other thing; -- opposed to homonym.

Het`er*on"y*mous (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. "o`nyma, for "o`noma a name.] Having different names or designations; standing in opposite relations. J. Le Conte.

-- Het"er*on"y*mous*ly, adv.

Het`er*o*ou`si*an (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. &?; being, essence.] Having different essential qualities; of a different nature.

Het`er*o*ou"si*an (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of those Arians who held that the Son was of a different substance from the Father.

Het`er*o*ou"si*ous (?), a. See Heteroousian.

Het`er*o*path"ic (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. &?; suffering, fr. &?;, &?;, to suffer.] Of or pertaining to the method of heteropathy; allopathic.

Het`er*op"a*thy (?), n. [See Heteropathic.] (Med.) That mode of treating diseases, by which a morbid condition is removed by inducing an opposite morbid condition to supplant it; allopathy.

Het`er*o*pel"mous (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. &?; the sole of the foot.] (Anat.) Having each of the two flexor tendons of the toes bifid, the branches of one going to the first and second toes; those of the other, to the third and fourth toes. See Illust. in Append.

||Het`e*roph"a*gi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; other + &?; to eat.] ||(Zoˆl.) Altrices.

Het`er*oph"e*mist (?), n. One liable to the fault of heterophemy.

Het`er*oph"e*my (?), n. [Hetero- + Gr. &?; voice, speech, fr. &?; to speak.] The unconscious saying, in speech or in writing, of that which one does not intend to say; -- frequently the very reverse of the thought which is present to consciousness. R. G. White.

Het`er*oph"o*ny (?), n. [Hetero- + Gr. &?; voice.] (Med.) An abnormal state of the voice. Mayne.

Het`er*oph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. &?; other + &?; leaf: cf. F. hÈtÈrophylle.] (Bot.) Having leaves of more than one shape on the same plant.

Het"er*o*plasm (?), n. [Hetero- + Gr. &?; anything formed or molded.] An abnormal formation foreign to the economy, and composed of elements different from those are found in it in its normal condition. Dunglison.

Het`er*o*plas"tic (?), a. [Hetero- + -plastic.] (Biol.) Producing a different type of organism; developing into a different form of tissue, as cartilage which develops into bone. Haeckel.

Het`er*o*pod (?), n. [Cf. F. hÈtÈropode.] (Zoˆl.) One of the Heteropoda. -- a. Heteropodous.

||Het`e*rop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; other + -poda.] (Zoˆl.) ||An order of pelagic Gastropoda, having the foot developed into a ||median fin. Some of the species are naked; others, as Carinaria and ||Atlanta, have thin glassy shells.

Het`er*op"o*dous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Heteropoda.

Het`er*op"ter (?), n. One of the Heteroptera.

||Het`e*rop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; other + &?; a wing.] ||(Zoˆl.) A suborder of Hemiptera, in which the base of the anterior ||wings is thickened. See Hemiptera.

Het`er*op"tics (?), n. [Hetero- + optics.] False optics. Spectator.

Het`er*os"cian (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; other + &?; shadow: cf. F. hÈtÈroscien.] One who lives either north or south of the tropics, as contrasted with one who lives on the other side of them; -- so called because at noon the shadows always fall in opposite directions (the one northward, the other southward).

||Het`e*ro"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; alteration, fr. &?; other, ||different.] (Rhet.) A figure of speech by which one form of a noun, ||verb, or pronoun, and the like, is used for another, as in the ||sentence: "What is life to such as me?" Aytoun.

||Het`e*ro*so"ma*ti (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; other + &?;, &?;, ||body.] (Zoˆl.) An order of fishes, comprising the flounders, halibut, ||sole, etc., having the body and head asymmetrical, with both eyes on ||one side. Called also Heterosomata, Heterosomi.

{ Het`er*o*spor"ic (?), Het`er*o*spor"ous (?), } a. [Hetero- + spore.] (Bot.) Producing two kinds of spores unlike each other.

Het"er*o*styled (?), a. (Bot.) Having styles of two or more distinct forms or lengths. Darwin.

Het`er*o*sty"lism (?), n. (Bot.) The condition of being heterostyled.

Het`er*o*tac"tous (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to, or characterized by, heterotaxy.

Het"er*o*tax`y (?), n. [Hetero- + Gr. &?; an arrangement, fr. &?; to arrange.] (Biol.) Variation in arrangement from that existing in a normal form; heterogenous arrangement or structure, as, in botany, the deviation in position of the organs of a plant, from the ordinary or typical arrangement.

{ Het`er*ot"o*pism (?), Het`er*ot"o*py (?), } n. [Hetero- + Gr. &?; place: cf. F. hÈtÈrotopie.] 1. (Med.) A deviation from the natural position; -- a term applied in the case of organs or growths which are abnormal in situation.

2. (Biol.) A deviation from the natural position of parts, supposed to be effected in thousands of years, by the gradual displacement of germ cells.

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||Het`e*rot"ri*cha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; other + &?;, gen. &?;, ||a hair.] (Zoˆl.) A division of ciliated Infusoria, having fine cilia ||all over the body, and a circle of larger ones around the anterior ||end.

Het`er*ot"ro*pal (?), Het`er*ot"ro*pous (&?;), a. [Gr. "etero`tropos turning another way; &?; other + &?; to turn: cf. F. hÈtÈrotrope.] (Bot.) Having the embryo or ovule oblique or transverse to the funiculus; amphitropous. Gray.

He"thing (?), n. Contempt; scorn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Het"man (?), n.; pl. Hetmans (#). [Pol. hetman. Cf. Ataman.] A Cossack headman or general. The title of chief hetman is now held by the heir to the throne of Russia.

Heugh (?), n. [Cf. Hogh.] 1. A crag; a cliff; a glen with overhanging sides. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

2. A shaft in a coal pit; a hollow in a quarry. [Scot.]

Heuk (?), n. Variant of Huke. [Obs.]

Heu"land*ite (?), n. [After Heuland, an English mineralogist.] (Min.) A mineral of the Zeolite family, often occurring in amygdaloid, in foliated masses, and also in monoclinic crystals with pearly luster on the cleavage face. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime.

Heu*ris"tic (h*rs"tk), a. [Gr. e"yri`skein to discover.] Serving to discover or find out.

Hev"ed (?), n. The head. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hew (h), v. t. [imp. Hewed (hd); p. p. Hewed or Hewn (hn); p. pr. & vb. n. Hewing.] [AS. he·wan; akin to D. houwen, OHG. houwan, G. hauen, Icel. hˆggva, Sw. hugga, Dan. hugge, Lith. kova battle, Russ. kovate to hammer, forge. Cf. Hay cut grass, Hoe.] 1. To cut with an ax; to fell with a sharp instrument; -- often with down, or off. Shak.

2. To form or shape with a sharp instrument; to cut; hence, to form laboriously; -- often with out; as, to hew out a sepulcher.

Look unto the rock whence ye are hewn.

Is. li. 1.

Rather polishing old works than hewing out new.

Pope.

3. To cut in pieces; to chop; to hack.

Hew them to pieces; hack their bones asunder.

Shak.

Hew, n. Destruction by cutting down. [Obs.]

Of whom he makes such havoc and such hew.

Spenser.

Hew, n. 1. Hue; color. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Shape; form. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hewe (?), n. [Cf. Hind a peasant.] A domestic servant; a retainer. [Obs.] "False homely hewe." Chaucer.

Hew"er (?), n. One who hews.

Hew"hole` (?), n. [Cf. Hickwall.] (Zoˆl.) The European green woodpecker. See Yaffle.

Hewn (?), a. 1. Felled, cut, or shaped as with an ax; roughly squared; as, a house built of hewn logs.

2. Roughly dressed as with a hammer; as, hewn stone.

Hex- (?), Hex"a (#). [Gr. "e`x six. See Six.] A prefix or combining form, used to denote six, sixth, etc.; as, hexatomic, hexabasic.

Hex`a*ba"sic (?), a. [Hexa- + basic.] (Chem.) Having six hydrogen atoms or six radicals capable of being replaced or saturated by bases; -- said of acids; as, mellitic acid is hexabasic.

Hex`a*cap"su*lar (?), a. [Hexa- + capsular.] (Bot.) Having six capsules or seed vessels.

Hex"a*chord (?), n. [Hexa- + Gr. &?; string, chord: cf. F. hexacorde.] (Mus.) A series of six notes, with a semitone between the third and fourth, the other intervals being whole tones.

Hex`ac"id (?), a. [Hex- + acid.] (Chem.) Having six atoms or radicals capable of being replaced by acids; hexatomic; hexavalent; -- said of bases; as, mannite is a hexacid base.

Hex*ac`ti*nel"lid (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having six-rayed spicules; belonging to the HexactinellinÊ.

Hex*ac`ti*nel"line (?), a. [From NL. HexactinellinÊ, fr. Gr. "e`x six + a dim. of &?;, &?;, a ray.] (Zoˆl.) Belonging to the HexactinellinÊ, a group of sponges, having six-rayed siliceous spicules.

||Hex`ac*tin"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hex-, and Actinia.] (Zoˆl.) The ||Anthozoa.

Hex"ad (?), n. [L. hexas, hexadis, the number six, Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. "e`x six.] (chem.) An atom whose valence is six, and which can be theoretically combined with, substituted for, or replaced by, six monad atoms or radicals; as, sulphur is a hexad in sulphuric acid. Also used as an adjective.

Hex`a*dac"tyl*ous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; "e`x six + &?; finger: cf. F. hexadactyle.] (Zoˆl.) Having six fingers or toes.

Hex"ade (?), n. [See Hexad.] A series of six numbers.

Hex"a*dec`ane (?), n. (Chem.) See Hecdecane.

Hex"a*gon (?), n. [L. hexagonum, Gr. &?; six-cornered; "e`x six (akin to E. six) + &?; angle.] (Geom.) A plane figure of six angles.

Regular hexagon, a hexagon in which the angles are all equal, and the sides are also all equal.

Hex*ag"o*nal (?), a. [Cf. F. hexagonal.] Having six sides and six angles; six- sided.

Hexagonal system. (Crystal.) See under Crystallization.

Hex*ag"o*nal*ly, adv. In an hexagonal manner.

Hex*ag"o*ny (?), n. A hexagon. [Obs.] Bramhall.

||Hex`a*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "e`x six + gynh^ a woman, ||female: cf. F. hexagynie.] (Bot.) A LinnÊan order of plants having ||six pistils.

Hex`a*gyn"i*an (?), Hex*ag"y*nous (&?;), a. [Cf. F. hexagyne.] (Bot.) Having six pistils.

Hex`a*he"dral (?), a. In the form of a hexahedron; having six sides or faces.

Hex`a*he"dron (?), n.; pl. E. Hexahedrons (#), L. Hexahedra (#). [Hexa- + Gr. &?; seat, base, fr. &?; to sit: cf. F. hexaËdre.] (Geom.) A solid body of six sides or faces.

Regular hexahedron, a hexagon having six equal squares for its sides; a cube.

Hex`a*hem"er*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "e`x six + &?; day; cf. L. hexaÎmeron, Gr. &?;.]

1. A term of six days. Good.

2. The history of the six day's work of creation, as contained in the first chapter of Genesis.

Hex*am"er*ous (?), a. [Hexa- + Gr.&?; part.] (Bot.) In six parts; in sixes.

Hex*am"e*ter (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; of six meters; (sc. &?;) hexameter verse; "e`x six + &?; measure: cf. F. hexamËtre. See Six, and Meter.] (Gr. & Lat. Pros.) A verse of six feet, the first four of which may be either dactyls or spondees, the fifth must regularly be a dactyl, and the sixth always a spondee. In this species of verse are composed the Iliad of Homer and the ∆neid of Virgil. In English hexameters accent takes the place of quantity.

Leaped like the | roe when he | hears in the | woodland the | voice of the | huntsman.

Longfellow.

Strongly it | bears us a- | long on | swelling and | limitless | billows, Nothing be- | fore and | nothing be- | hind but the | sky and the | ocean.

Coleridge.

Hex*am"e*ter, a. Having six metrical feet, especially dactyls and spondees. Holland.

{ Hex`a*met"ric (?), Hex`a*met"ric*al (?), } a. Consisting of six metrical feet.

Hex*am"e*trist (?), n. One who writes in hexameters. "The Christian hexametrists." Milman.

||Hex*an"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "e`x six + &?;, &?;, a man, ||male: cf. F. hexandrie.] (Bot.) A LinnÊan class of plants having six ||stamens.

{ Hex*an"dri*an (?), Hex-an"drous (?), } a. [Cf. F. hexandre.] (Bot.) Having six stamens.

Hex"ane (?), n. [Gr. "e`x six.] (Chem.) Any one of five hydrocarbons, C6H14, of the paraffin series. They are colorless, volatile liquids, and are so called because the molecule has six carbon atoms.

Hex*an"gu*lar (?), a. [Hex- + angular. Cf. Sexangular.] Having six angles or corners.

Hex`a*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Hexa- + petal: cf. F. hexapÈtale.] (Bot.) Having six petals.

Hex*aph"yl*lous (?), a. [Hexa- + Gr. &?; a leaf: cf. F. hexaphylle.] (Bot.) Having six leaves or leaflets.

||Hex"a*pla (?), n. Etym. pl., but syntactically sing. [NL., fr. Gr. ||&?;, fr. &?;, contr. &?;, sixfold.] A collection of the Holy ||Scriptures in six languages or six versions in parallel columns; ||particularly, the edition of the Old Testament published by Origen, ||in the 3d century.

Hex"a*pod (?), a. [Gr. &?;, &?;, sixfooted; "e`x six + &?;, &?;, foot: cf. F. hexapode.] Having six feet. -- n. (Zoˆl.) An animal having six feet; one of the Hexapoda.

||Hex*ap"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "e`x six + -poda.] (Zoˆl.) The ||true, or six-legged, insects; insects other than myriapods and ||arachnids.

The Hexapoda have the head, thorax, and abdomen differentiated, and are mostly winged. They have three pairs of mouth organs, viz., mandibles, maxillÊ, and the second maxillÊ or labial palpi; three pairs of thoracic legs; and abdominal legs, which are present only in some of the lowest forms, and in the larval state of some of the higher ones. Many (the Metabola) undergo a complete metamorphosis, having larvÊ (known as maggots, grubs, caterpillars) very unlike the adult, and pass through a quiescent pupa state in which no food is taken; others (the Hemimetabola) have larvÊ much like the adult, expert in lacking wings, and an active pupa, in which rudimentary wings appear. See Insecta. The Hexapoda are divided into several orders.

Hex*ap"o*dous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having six feet; belonging to the Hexapoda.

Hex*ap"ter*ous (?), a. [Hexa- + Gr. &?; wing.] (Bot.) Having six processes. Gray.

{ Hex"a*stich (?), ||Hex*as"ti*chon (?), } n. [L. hexastichus of six rows, lines, or verses, Gr. &?;; "e`x six + sti`chos row, line, verse.] A poem consisting of six verses or lines.

Hex"a*style (?), a. [Gr. &?; with six columns; "e`x six + column: cf. F. hexastyle.] (Arch.) Having six columns in front; -- said of a portico or temple. -- n. A hexastyle portico or temple.

Hex"a*teuch` (?), n. [Hexa- + &?; a tool, a book.] The first six books of the Old Testament.

Hex`a*tom"ic (?), a. [Hex- + atomic.] (Chem.) (a) Having six atoms in the molecule. [R.] (b) Having six replaceable radicals.

Hex*av"a*lent (?), a. [Hexa- + L. valens, -entis, p. pr. See Valence.] (Chem.) Having a valence of six; -- said of hexads.

Hex"de*cyl (?), n. [Hex- + decyl.] (Chem.) The essential radical, C16H33, of hecdecane.

Hex`de*cyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, hexdecyl or hecdecane; as, hexdecylic alcohol.

Hex*ei"ko*sane (?), n. [Hex- + eikosane.] (chem.) A hydrocarbon, C26H54, resembling paraffine; -- so called because each molecule has twenty-six atoms of carbon. [Written also hexacosane.]

Hex"ene (?), n. [Gr. "e`x six.] (Chem.) Same as Hexylene.

Hex`i*col"ogy (?), n. [Gr. &?; state or habit + -logy.] The science which treats of the complex relations of living creatures to other organisms, and to their surrounding conditions generally. St. George Mivart.

Hex"ine (?), n. [Gr. "e`x six.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, C6H10, of the acetylene series, obtained artificially as a colorless, volatile, pungent liquid; -- called also hexoylene.

Hex*oc`ta*he"dron (?), n. [Hex- + octahedron.] (Geom.) A solid having forty-eight equal triangular faces.

Hex*o"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, hexane; as, hexoic acid.

Hex"one (?), n. [Hex- + - one.] (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon, C6H8, of the valylene series, obtained from distillation products of certain fats and gums.

Hex"yl (?), n. [Hex- + - yl.] (chem.) A compound radical, C6H13, regarded as the essential residue of hexane, and a related series of compounds.

Hex"yl*ene (?), n. [Hex- + - yl + ethlene.] (Chem.) A colorless, liquid hydrocarbon, C6H12, of the ethylene series, produced artificially, and found as a natural product of distillation of certain coals; also, any one several isomers of hexylene proper. Called also hexene.

Hex*yl"ic (?), a. (chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, hexyl or hexane; as, hexylic alcohol.

Hey (?), a. [See High.] High. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hey (?), interj. [OE. hei; cf. D. & G. hei.] 1. An exclamation of joy, surprise, or encouragement. Shak.

2. A cry to set dogs on. Shak.

Hey"day` (?), interj. [Cf. G. heida, or hei da, D. hei daar. Cf. Hey, and There.] An expression of frolic and exultation, and sometimes of wonder. B. Jonson.

Hey"day` (?), n. [Prob. for. high day. See High, and Day.] The time of triumph and exultation; hence, joy, high spirits, frolicsomeness; wildness.

The heyday in the blood is tame.

Shak.

In the heyday of their victories.

J. H. Newman.

Hey"de*guy (?), n. [Perh. fr. heyday + guise.] A kind of country-dance or round. [Obs.] Spenser.

Heyh, Heygh (&?;), a. High. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Heyne (?), n. [AS. he·n low, mean.] A wretch; a rascal. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hey"ten (?), adv. [Icel. h&?;&?;an.] Hence. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hi*a"tion (?), n. [See Hiatus.] Act of gaping. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Hi*a"tus (?), n.; pl. L. Hiatus, E. Hiatuses (#). [L., fr. hiare, hiatum, to gape; akin to E. yawn. See Yawn.] 1. An opening; an aperture; a gap; a chasm; esp., a defect in a manuscript, where some part is lost or effaced; a space where something is wanting; a break.

2. (Gram.) The concurrence of two vowels in two successive words or syllables. Pope.

Hi*ber"na*cle (?), n. [L. hibernaculum a winter residence, pl. hibernacula winter quarters: cf. F. hibernacle. See Hibernate.] That which serves for protection or shelter in winter; winter quarters; as, the hibernacle of an animal or a plant. Martyn.

||Hi`ber*nac"u*lum (?), n. [See Hibernacle.] 1. (Bot.) A winter bud, in ||which the rudimentary foliage or flower, as of most trees and shrubs ||in the temperate zone, is protected by closely overlapping scales.

2. (Zoˆl.) A little case in which certain insects pass the winter.

3. Winter home or abiding place. J. Burroughs.

Hi*ber"nal (?), a. [L. hibernalis, from the root of hiems winter; akin to Gr. &?; snow, Skr. hima cold, winter, snow: cf. F. hibernal.] Belonging or relating to winter; wintry; winterish. Sir T. Browne.

Hi"ber*nate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hibernated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hibernating (?).] [L. hibernare, hibernatum, fr. hibernus wintry. See Hibernal.] To winter; to pass the season of winter in close quarters, in a torpid or lethargic state, as certain mammals, reptiles, and insects.

Inclination would lead me to hibernate, during half the year, in this uncomfortable climate of Great Britain.

Southey.

Hi`ber*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. hibernation.] The act or state of hibernating. Evelyn.

Hi*ber"ni*an (?), a. [L. Hibernia, Ireland.] Of or pertaining to Hibernia, now Ireland; Irish. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Ireland.

{ Hi*ber"ni*cism (?), Hi*ber"ni*an*ism (?), } n. An idiom or mode of speech peculiar to the Irish. Todd.

Hi*ber"no-Celt"ic (?), n. The native language of the Irish; that branch of the Celtic languages spoken by the natives of Ireland. Also adj.

Hi*bis"cus (?), n. [L., marsh mallow; cf. Gr. &?;.] (Bot.) A genus of plants (herbs, shrubs, or trees), some species of which have large, showy flowers. Some species are cultivated in India for their fiber, which is used as a substitute for hemp. See Althea, Hollyhock, and Manoe.

Hic"ci*us doc"ti*us (?). [Corrupted fr. L. hic est doctus this is a learned man.] A juggler. [Cant] Hudibras.

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Hic"cough (?; 277), n. [OE. hickup, hicket, hickock; prob. of imitative origin; cf. D. & Dan. hik, Sw. hicka, Armor. hak, hik, W. ig, F. hoquet.] (Physiol.) A modified respiratory movement; a spasmodic inspiration, consisting of a sudden contraction of the diaphragm, accompanied with closure of the glottis, so that further entrance of air is prevented, while the impulse of the column of air entering and striking upon the closed glottis produces a sound, or hiccough. [Written also hickup or hiccup.]

Hic"cough (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hiccoughed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hiccoughing.] To have a hiccough or hiccoughs.

Hick"o*ry (?), n. [North American Indian pawcohiccora (Capt. J. Smith) a kind of milk or oily liquor pressed from pounded hickory nuts. "Pohickory" is named in a list of Virginia trees, in 1653, and this was finally shortened to "hickory." J. H. Trumbull.] (Bot.) An American tree of the genus Carya, of which there are several species. The shagbark is the C. alba, and has a very rough bark; it affords the hickory nut of the markets. The pignut, or brown hickory, is the C. glabra. The swamp hickory is C. amara, having a nut whose shell is very thin and the kernel bitter.

Hickory shad. (Zoˆl.) (a) The mattowacca, or fall herring. (b) The gizzard shad.

Hicks"ite (?), n. A member or follower of the "liberal" party, headed by Elias Hicks, which, because of a change of views respecting the divinity of Christ and the Atonement, seceded from the conservative portion of the Society of Friends in the United States, in 1827.

Hick"up (?), n. & v. i. See Hiccough.

{ Hick"wall` (?), Hick"way` (?), } n. [OE., also hyghwhele, highawe.] The lesser spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopus minor) of Europe. [Prov. Eng.]

Hid (?), imp. & p. p. of Hide. See Hidden.

Hid"age (?), n. [From hide a quantity of land.] (O. Eng. Law.) A tax formerly paid to the kings of England for every hide of land. [Written also hydage.]

Hi*dal"go (?), n. [Sp., contr. fr. hijo de algo, i. e., son of something; hijo son (fr. LL. filius) + algo something, fr. L. aliquod. Cf. Fidalgo.] A title, denoting a Spanish nobleman of the lower class.

Hid"den (?), p. p. & a. from Hide. Concealed; put out of view; secret; not known; mysterious.

Hidden fifths or octaves (Mus.), consecutive fifths or octaves, not sounded, but suggested or implied in the parallel motion of two parts towards a fifth or an octave.

Syn. -- Hidden, Secret, Covert. Hidden may denote either known to on one; as, a hidden disease; or intentionally concealed; as, a hidden purpose of revenge. Secret denotes that the thing is known only to the party or parties concerned; as, a secret conspiracy. Covert literally denotes what is not open or avowed; as, a covert plan; but is often applied to what we mean shall be understood, without openly expressing it; as, a covert allusion. Secret is opposed to known, and hidden to revealed.

Bring to light the hidden things of darkness.

1 Cor. iv. 5.

My heart, which by a secret harmony Still moves with thine, joined in connection sweet.

Milton.

By what best way, Whether of open war, or covert guile, We now debate.

Milton.

Hid"den*ite (?), n. [After W. E. Hidden.] (Min.) An emerald-green variety of spodumene found in North Carolina; lithia emerald, -- used as a gem.

Hid"den*ly (?), adv. In a hidden manner.

Hide (hd), v. t. [imp. Hid (hd); p. p. Hidden (hd"d'n), Hid; p. pr. & vb. n. Hiding (hd"ng).] [OE. hiden, huden, AS. hdan; akin to Gr. key`qein, and prob. to E. house, hut, and perh. to E. hide of an animal, and to hoard. Cf. Hoard.] 1. To conceal, or withdraw from sight; to put out of view; to secrete.

A city that is set on an hill can not be hid.

Matt. v. 15.

If circumstances lead me, I will find Where truth is hid.

Shak.

2. To withhold from knowledge; to keep secret; to refrain from avowing or confessing.

Heaven from all creatures hides the book of fate.

Pope.

3. To remove from danger; to shelter.

In the time of trouble he shall hide me in his pavilion.

Ps. xxvi. 5.

To hide one's self, to put one's self in a condition to be safe; to secure protection. "A prudent man foreseeth the evil, and hideth himself." Prov. xxii. 3. -- To hide the face, to withdraw favor. "Thou didst hide thy face, and I was troubled." Ps. xxx. 7. -- To hide the face from. (a) To overlook; to pardon. "Hide thy face from my sins." Ps. li. 9. (b) To withdraw favor from; to be displeased with.

Syn. -- To conceal; secrete; disguise; dissemble; screen; cloak; mask; veil. See Conceal.

Hide, v. i. To lie concealed; to keep one's self out of view; to be withdrawn from sight or observation.

Bred to disguise, in public 'tis you hide.

Pope.

Hide and seek, a play of children, in which some hide themselves, and others seek them. Swift.

Hide, n. [AS. hd, earlier hged; prob. orig., land enough to support a family; cf. AS. hwan, hgan, members of a household, and E. hind a peasant.] (O. Eng. Law.) (a) An abode or dwelling. (b) A measure of land, common in Domesday Book and old English charters, the quantity of which is not well ascertained, but has been differently estimated at 80, 100, and 120 acres. [Written also hyde.]

Hide, n. [OE. hide, hude, AS. hd; akin to D. huid, OHG. ht, G. haut, Icel. h, Dan. & Sw. hud, L. cutis, Gr. ky`tos; and cf. Gr. sky`tos skin, hide, L. scutum shield, and E. sky. &radic;13.] 1. The skin of an animal, either raw or dressed; -- generally applied to the undressed skins of the larger domestic animals, as oxen, horses, etc.

2. The human skin; -- so called in contempt.

O tiger's heart, wrapped in a woman's hide!

Shak.

Hide (hd), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hided; p. pr. & vb. n. Hiding.] To flog; to whip. [Prov. Eng. & Low, U. S.]

Hide"bound` (?), a. 1. Having the skin adhering so closely to the ribs and back as not to be easily loosened or raised; -- said of an animal.

2. (Hort.) Having the bark so close and constricting that it impedes the growth; -- said of trees. Bacon.

3. Untractable; bigoted; obstinately and blindly or stupidly conservative. Milton. Carlyle.

4. Niggardly; penurious. [Obs.] Quarles.

Hid"e*ous (hd"*s; 277), a. [OE. hidous, OF. hidous, hidos, hidus, hisdos, hisdous, F. hideux: cf. OF. hide, hisde, fright; of uncertain origin; cf. OHG. egid horror, or L. hispidosus, for hispidus rough, bristly, E. hispid.] 1. Frightful, shocking, or offensive to the eyes; dreadful to behold; as, a hideous monster; hideous looks. "A piteous and hideous spectacle." Macaulay.

2. Distressing or offensive to the ear; exciting terror or dismay; as, a hideous noise. "Hideous cries." Shak.

3. Hateful; shocking. "Sure, you have some hideous matter to deliver." Shak.

Syn. -- Frightful; ghastly; grim; grisly; horrid; dreadful; terrible.

-- Hid"e*ous*ly, adv. -- Hid"e*ous*ness, n.

Hid"er (?), n. One who hides or conceals.

Hid"ing, n. The act of hiding or concealing, or of withholding from view or knowledge; concealment.

There was the hiding of his power.

Hab. iii. 4.

Hid"ing, n. A flogging. [Colloq.] Charles Reade.

Hie (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hying.] [OE. hien, hihen, highen, AS. higian to hasten, strive; cf. L. ciere to put in motion, call upon, rouse, Gr. &?; to go, E. cite.] To hasten; to go in haste; -- also often with the reciprocal pronoun. [Rare, except in poetry] "My husband hies him home." Shak.

The youth, returning to his mistress, hies.

Dryden.

Hie, n. Haste; diligence. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hi"ems (?), n. [L.] Winter. Shak.

||Hi"e*ra*pi"cra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; sacred + &?; bitter.] (med.) ||A warming cathartic medicine, made of aloes and canella bark. ||Dunglison.

Hi"er*arch (?), n. [LL. hierarcha, Gr. &?;; "iero`s sacred (akin to Skr. ishiras vigorous, fresh, blooming) + &?; leader, ruler, fr. &?; to lead, rule: cf. F. hiÈrarque.] One who has high and controlling authority in sacred things; the chief of a sacred order; as, princely hierarchs. Milton.

{ Hi"er*arch`al (?), Hi`er*arch"ic (?), } a. Pertaining to a hierarch. "The great hierarchal standard." Milton.

Hi`er*arch"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. hiÈrarchique.] Pertaining to a hierarchy. -- Hi`er*arch`ic*al*ly, adv.

Hi"er*arch`ism (?), n. The principles or authority of a hierarchy.

The more dominant hierarchism of the West.

Milman.

Hi"er*arch`y (-), n.; pl. Hierarchies (-z). [Gr. 'ierarchi`a: cf. F. hiÈrarchie.] 1. Dominion or authority in sacred things.

2. A body of officials disposed organically in ranks and orders each subordinate to the one above it; a body of ecclesiastical rulers.

3. A form of government administered in the church by patriarchs, metropolitans, archbishops, bishops, and, in an inferior degree, by priests. Shipley.

4. A rank or order of holy beings.

Standards and gonfalons . . . for distinction serve Of hierarchies, of orders, and degrees.

Milton.

Hi`er*at"ic (?), a. [L. hieraticus, Gr. &?;; akin to "iero`s sacred: cf. F. hiÈratique.] Consecrated to sacred uses; sacerdotal; pertaining to priests.

Hieratic character, a mode of ancient Egyptian writing; a modified form of hieroglyphics, tending toward a cursive hand and formerly supposed to be the sacerdotal character, as the demotic was supposed to be that of the people.

It was a false notion of the Greeks that of the three kinds of writing used by the Egyptians, two -- for that reason called hieroglyphic and hieratic -- were employed only for sacred, while the third, the demotic, was employed for secular, purposes. No such distinction is discoverable on the more ancient Egyptian monuments; bur we retain the old names founded on misapprehension.

W. H. Ward (Johnson's Cyc.).

Hi`er*oc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. "iero`s sacred + &?; to be strong, rule.] Government by ecclesiastics; a hierarchy. Jefferson.

{ Hi"er*o*glyph (?), Hi`er*o*glyph"ic (?), } n. [Cf. F. hiÈroglyphe. See Hieroglyphic, a.]

1. A sacred character; a character in picture writing, as of the ancient Egyptians, Mexicans, etc. Specifically, in the plural, the picture writing of the ancient Egyptian priests. It is made up of three, or, as some say, four classes of characters: first, the hieroglyphic proper, or figurative, in which the representation of the object conveys the idea of the object itself; second, the ideographic, consisting of symbols representing ideas, not sounds, as an ostrich feather is a symbol of truth; third, the phonetic, consisting of symbols employed as syllables of a word, or as letters of the alphabet, having a certain sound, as a hawk represented the vowel a.

2. Any character or figure which has, or is supposed to have, a hidden or mysterious significance; hence, any unintelligible or illegible character or mark. [Colloq.]

{ Hi`er*o*glyph"ic (?), Hi`er*o*glyph"ic*al (?), } a. [L. hieroglyphicus, Gr. &?;; "iero`s sacred + gly`fein to carve: cf. F. hiÈroglyphique.]

1. Emblematic; expressive of some meaning by characters, pictures, or figures; as, hieroglyphic writing; a hieroglyphic obelisk.

Pages no better than blanks to common minds, to his, hieroglyphical of wisest secrets.

Prof. Wilson.

2. Resembling hieroglyphics; not decipherable. "An hieroglyphical scrawl." Sir W. Scott.

Hi`er*o*glyph`ic*ally (?), adv. In hieroglyphics.

Hi`er*og"ly*phist (?; 277), n. One versed in hieroglyphics. Gliddon.

Hi"er*o*gram (?), n. [Gr. "iero`s sacred + -gram.] A form of sacred or hieratic writing.

Hi`er*o*gram"mat"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. hiÈrogrammatique.] Written in, or pertaining to, hierograms; expressive of sacred writing. Bp. Warburton.

Hi`er*o*gram"ma*tist (?), n. [Cf. F. hiÈrogrammatiste.] A writer of hierograms; also, one skilled in hieroglyphics. Greenhill.

{ Hi`er*o*graph"ic (?), Hi`er*o*graph"ic*al (?), } a. [L. hierographicus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. hiÈrographique.] Of or pertaining to sacred writing.

Hi`er*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; "iero`s sacred + gra`fein to write: cf. F. hiÈrographie.] Sacred writing. [R.] Bailey.

Hi`er*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. "iero`s sacred + &?; worship, &?; to worship.] The worship of saints or sacred things. [R.] Coleridge.

{ Hi`er*o*log"ic (?), Hi`er*o*log"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. hiÈrologique.] Pertaining to hierology.

Hi`er*ol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in, or whostudies, hierology.

Hi`er*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; "iero`s sacred + &?; discourse: cf. F. hiÈrologie.] A treatise on sacred things; especially, the science which treats of the ancient writings and inscriptions of the Egyptians, or a treatise on that science.

Hi"er*o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. "iero`s sacred + &?; divination: cf. F. hiÈromantie.] Divination by observing the objects offered in sacrifice.

Hi"er*o*mar`tyr (?), n. [Gr. "iero`s sacred + E. martyr.] A priest who becomes a martyr.

||Hi`e*rom*ne"mon (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?;; "iero`s sacred + &?; ||mindful, fr. &?; to think on, remember.] (Gr. Antiq.) 1. The sacred ||secretary or recorder sent by each state belonging to the ||Amphictyonic Council, along with the deputy or minister. Liddel & ||Scott.

2. A magistrate who had charge of religious matters, as at Byzantium. Liddel & Scott.

||Hi"er*on (?), n. [Gr. "iero`n.] A consecrated place; esp., a temple.

Hi`er*on"y*mite (?), n. [From St. Hieronymus, or Jerome.] (Eccl.) See Jeronymite.

Hi*er"o*phant (h*r"*fant or h"r; 277), n. [L. hierophanta, hierophantes, Gr. "ierofa`nths; "iero`s sacred + fai`nein to show, make known: cf. F. hiÈrophante.] The presiding priest who initiated candidates at the Eleusinian mysteries; hence, one who teaches the mysteries and duties of religion. Abp Potter.

Hi`er*o*phan"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;.] Of or relating to hierophants or their teachings.

Hi`er*os"co*py (?), n. [Gr. &?; divination; "iero`s sacred + &?; to view.] Divination by inspection of entrails of victims offered in sacrifice.

||Hi`er*o*the"ca (?), n.; pl. -cÊ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; "iero`s ||sacred + &?; chest.] A receptacle for sacred objects.

Hi"er*our`gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; "iero`s sacred + &?; work.] A sacred or holy work or worship. [Obs.] Waterland.

Hi`fa*lu"tin (?), n. See Highfaluting.

Hig"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Higgled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Higgling (?).] [Cf. Haggle, or Huckster.] 1. To hawk or peddle provisions.

2. To chaffer; to stickle for small advantages in buying and selling; to haggle.

A person accustomed to higgle about taps.

Jeffry.

To truck and higgle for a private good.

Emerson.

Hig`gle*dy-pig"gle*dy (?), adv. In confusion; topsy-turvy. [Colloq.] Johnson.

Hig"gler (?), n. One who higgles.

High (?), v. i. [See Hie.] To hie. [Obs.]

Men must high them apace, and make haste.

Holland.

High (?), a. [Compar. Higher (?); superl. Highest.] [OE. high, hegh, hey, heh, AS. he·h, h&?;h; akin to OS. h&?;h, OFries. hag, hach, D. hoog, OHG. h&?;h, G. hoch, Icel. h&?;r, Sw. hˆg, Dan. hˆi, Goth. hauhs, and to Icel. haugr mound, G. h¸gel hill, Lith. kaukaras.] 1. Elevated above any starting point of measurement, as a line, or surface; having altitude; lifted up; raised or extended in the direction of the zenith; lofty; tall; as, a high mountain, tower, tree; the sun is high.

2. Regarded as raised up or elevated; distinguished; remarkable; conspicuous; superior; -- used indefinitely or relatively, and often in figurative senses, which are understood from the connection; as --

(a) Elevated in character or quality, whether moral or intellectual; preÎminent; honorable; as, high aims, or motives. "The highest faculty of the soul." Baxter.

(b) Exalted in social standing or general estimation, or in rank, reputation, office, and the like; dignified; as, she was welcomed in the highest circles.

He was a wight of high renown.

Shak.

(c) Of noble birth; illustrious; as, of high family.

(d) Of great strength, force, importance, and the like; strong; mighty; powerful; violent; sometimes, triumphant; victorious; majestic, etc.; as, a high wind; high passions. "With rather a high manner." Thackeray.

Strong is thy hand, and high is thy right hand.

Ps. lxxxix. 13.

Can heavenly minds such high resentment show?

Dryden.

<! p. 693 !>

(e) Very abstract; difficult to comprehend or surmount; grand; noble.

Both meet to hear and answer such high things.

Shak.

Plain living and high thinking are no more.

Wordsworth.

(f) Costly; dear in price; extravagant; as, to hold goods at a high price.

If they must be good at so high a rate, they know they may be safe at a cheaper.

South.

(g) Arrogant; lofty; boastful; proud; ostentatious; -- used in a bad sense.

An high look and a proud heart . . . is sin.

Prov. xxi. 4.

His forces, after all the high discourses, amounted really but to eighteen hundred foot.

Clarendon.

3. Possessing a characteristic quality in a supreme or superior degree; as, high (i. e., intense) heat; high (i. e., full or quite) noon; high (i. e., rich or spicy) seasoning; high (i. e., complete) pleasure; high (i. e., deep or vivid) color; high (i. e., extensive, thorough) scholarship, etc.

High time it is this war now ended were.

Spenser.

High sauces and spices are fetched from the Indies.

Baker.

4. (Cookery) Strong-scented; slightly tainted; as, epicures do not cook game before it is high.

5. (Mus.) Acute or sharp; -- opposed to grave or low; as, a high note.

6. (Phon.) Made with a high position of some part of the tongue in relation to the palate, as (ve), (fd). See Guide to Pronunciation, ßß 10, 11.

High admiral, the chief admiral. -- High altar, the principal altar in a church. -- High and dry, out of water; out of reach of the current or tide; -- said of a vessel, aground or beached. -- High and mighty arrogant; overbearing. [Colloq.] -- High art, art which deals with lofty and dignified subjects and is characterized by an elevated style avoiding all meretricious display. -- High bailiff, the chief bailiff. -- High Church, &and; Low Church, two ecclesiastical parties in the Church of England and the Protestant Episcopal Church. The high-churchmen emphasize the doctrine of the apostolic succession, and hold, in general, to a sacramental presence in the Eucharist, to baptismal regeneration, and to the sole validity of Episcopal ordination. They attach much importance to ceremonies and symbols in worship. Low-churchmen lay less stress on these points, and, in many instances, reject altogether the peculiar tenets of the high-church school. See Broad Church. -- High constable (Law), a chief of constabulary. See Constable, n., 2. -- High commission court,a court of ecclesiastical jurisdiction in England erected and united to the regal power by Queen Elizabeth in 1559. On account of the abuse of its powers it was abolished in 1641. -- High day (Script.), a holy or feast day. John xix. 31. -- High festival (Eccl.), a festival to be observed with full ceremonial. -- High German, or High Dutch. See under German. -- High jinks, an old Scottish pastime; hence, noisy revelry; wild sport. [Colloq.] "All the high jinks of the county, when the lad comes of age." F. Harrison. -- High latitude (Geog.), one designated by the higher figures; consequently, a latitude remote from the equator. -- High life, life among the aristocracy or the rich. -- High liver, one who indulges in a rich diet. -- High living, a feeding upon rich, pampering food. -- High Mass. (R. C. Ch.) See under Mass. -- High milling, a process of making flour from grain by several successive grindings and intermediate sorting, instead of by a single grinding. -- High noon, the time when the sun is in the meridian. -- High place (Script.), an eminence or mound on which sacrifices were offered. -- High priest. See in the Vocabulary. -- High relief. (Fine Arts) See Alto-rilievo. -- High school. See under School. High seas (Law), the open sea; the part of the ocean not in the territorial waters of any particular sovereignty, usually distant three miles or more from the coast line. Wharton. -- High steam, steam having a high pressure. -- High steward, the chief steward. -- High tea, tea with meats and extra relishes. -- High tide, the greatest flow of the tide; high water. -- High time. (a) Quite time; full time for the occasion. (b) A time of great excitement or enjoyment; a carousal. [Slang] -- High treason, treason against the sovereign or the state, the highest civil offense. See Treason.

It is now sufficient to speak of high treason as treason simply, seeing that petty treason, as a distinct offense, has been abolished. Mozley & W.

-- High water, the utmost flow or greatest elevation of the tide; also, the time of such elevation. -- High-water mark. (a) That line of the seashore to which the waters ordinarily reach at high water. (b) A mark showing the highest level reached by water in a river or other body of fresh water, as in time of freshet. -- High-water shrub (Bot.), a composite shrub (Iva frutescens), growing in salt marshes along the Atlantic coast of the United States. -- High wine, distilled spirits containing a high percentage of alcohol; -- usually in the plural. -- To be on a high horse, to be on one's dignity; to bear one's self loftily. [Colloq.] -- With a high hand. (a) With power; in force; triumphantly. "The children of Israel went out with a high hand." Ex. xiv. 8. (b) In an overbearing manner, arbitrarily. "They governed the city with a high hand." Jowett (Thucyd. ).

Syn. -- Tall; lofty; elevated; noble; exalted; supercilious; proud; violent; full; dear. See Tall.

High (?), adv. In a high manner; in a high place; to a great altitude; to a great degree; largely; in a superior manner; eminently; powerfully. "And reasoned high." Milton. "I can not reach so high." Shak.

High is extensively used in the formation of compound words, most of which are of very obvious signification; as, high-aimed, high-arched, high-aspiring, high-bearing, high-boasting, high-browed, high-crested, high-crowned, high-designing, high-engendered, high-feeding, high-flaming, high-flavored, high-gazing, high-heaped, high-heeled, high-priced, high-reared, high-resolved, high-rigged, high-seated, high-shouldered, high-soaring, high-towering, high-voiced, and the like.

High and low, everywhere; in all supposable places; as, I hunted high and low. [Colloq.]

High, n. 1. An elevated place; a superior region; a height; the sky; heaven.

2. People of rank or high station; as, high and low.

3. (Card Playing) The highest card dealt or drawn.

High, low, jack, and the game, a game at cards; -- also called all fours, old sledge, and seven up. -- In high and low, utterly; completely; in every respect. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- On high, aloft; above.

The dayspring from on high hath visited us.

Luke i. 78.

-- The Most High, the Supreme Being; God.

High (?), v. i. To rise; as, the sun higheth. [Obs.]

High"bind`er (?), n. A ruffian; one who hounds, or spies upon, another; app. esp. to the members of certain alleged societies among the Chinese. [U. S.]

High"-blown` (?), a. Inflated, as with conceit.

High"born` (?), a. Of noble birth. Shak.

High"-bred` (?), a. Bred in high life; of pure blood. Byron.

High"-built` (?), a. Of lofty structure; tall. "High-built organs." Tennyson.

The high-built elephant his castle rears.

Creech.

High"-church` (?), a. Of or pertaining to, or favoring, the party called the High Church, or their doctrines or policy. See High Church, under High, a.

High"-church`ism (?), n. The principles of the high-church party.

High"-church`man (?), n.; pl. -men (&?;). One who holds high-church principles.

High"-church`man-ship, n. The state of being a high-churchman. J. H. Newman.

High"-col`ored (?), a. 1. Having a strong, deep, or glaring color; flushed. Shak.

2. Vivid; strong or forcible in representation; hence, exaggerated; as, high-colored description.

High"-em*bowed ` (?), a. Having lofty arches. "The high-embowed roof." Milton.

High"er*ing (?), a. Rising higher; ascending.

In ever highering eagle circles.

Tennyson.

High`fa*lu"ting (?), n. [Perh. a corruption of highflighting.] High-flown, bombastic language. [Written also hifalutin.] [Jocular, U. S.] Lowell.

High"-fed` (?), a. Pampered; fed luxuriously.

High"-fin`ished (?), a. Finished with great care; polished.

High"fli`er (?), n. One who is extravagant in pretensions, opinions, or manners. Swift.

High"-flown` (?), a. 1. Elevated; proud. "High-flown hopes." Denham.

2. Turgid; extravagant; bombastic; inflated; as, high-flown language. M. Arnold.

High"-flushed` (?), a. Elated. Young.

High"fly`ing (?), a. Extravagant in opinions or ambition. "Highflying, arbitrary kings." Dryden.

High"-go` (?), n. A spree; a revel. [Low]

High"-hand`ed (?), a. Overbearing; oppressive; arbitrary; violent; as, a high-handed act.

High"-heart`ed (?), a. Full of courage or nobleness; high-souled. -- High"- heart`ed*ness, n.

High"-hoe` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The European green woodpecker or yaffle. [Written also high-hoo.]

High"-hold`er (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The flicker; -- called also high- hole. [Local, U. S.]

High"land (?), n. Elevated or mountainous land; (often in the pl.) an elevated region or country; as, the Highlands of Scotland.

Highland fling, a dance peculiar to the Scottish Highlanders; a sort of hornpipe.

High"land*er (?), n. An inhabitant of highlands, especially of the Highlands of Scotland.

High"land*ry (?), n. Highlanders, collectively.

High"-low` (?), n. A laced boot, ankle high.

High"ly, adv. In a high manner, or to a high degree; very much; as, highly esteemed.

High"men (?), n. pl. Loaded dice so contrived as to turn up high numbers. [Obs] Sir J. Harrington.

High"-met`tled (?), a. Having abundance of mettle; ardent; full of fire; as, a high-mettled steed.

High"-mind"ed (?), a. 1. Proud; arrogant. [Obs.]

Be not high-minded, but fear.

Rom. xi. 20.

2. Having, or characterized by, honorable pride; of or pertaining to elevated principles and feelings; magnanimous; -- opposed to mean.

High-minded, manly recognition of those truths.

A. Norton.

High"-mind`ed*ness, n. The quality of being highminded; nobleness; magnanimity.

High"most` (?), a. Highest. [Obs.] Shak.

High"ness, n. [AS. he·hnes.] 1. The state of being high; elevation; loftiness.

2. A title of honor given to kings, princes, or other persons of rank; as, His Royal Highness. Shak.

High"-palmed` (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having high antlers; bearing full-grown antlers aloft.

High"-pres`sure (?; 135), a. 1. Having or involving a pressure greatly exceeding that of the atmosphere; -- said of steam, air, water, etc., and of steam, air, or hydraulic engines, water wheels, etc.

2. Fig.: Urgent; intense; as, a high- pressure business or social life.

High-pressure engine, an engine in which steam at high pressure is used. It may be either a condensing or a noncondensing engine. Formerly the term was used only of the latter. See Steam engine.

High" priest` (?). (Eccl.) A chief priest; esp., the head of the Jewish priesthood.

High"-priest`hood (?), n. The office, dignity, or position of a high priest.

High"-priest`ship, n. High- priesthood.

High"-prin`ci*pled (?), a. Possessed of noble or honorable principles.

High"-proof` (?), a. 1. Highly rectified; very strongly alcoholic; as, high-proof spirits.

2. So as to stand any test. "We are high-proof melancholy." Shak.

High"-raised` (?), a. 1. Elevated; raised aloft; upreared.

2. Elated with great ideas or hopes. Milton.

High"-reach`ing (?), a. Reaching high or upward; hence, ambitious; aspiring. Shak.

High"-red` (?), a. Of a strong red color.

High"road` (?), n. A highway; a much traveled or main road.

High"-sea`soned (?), a. Enriched with spice and condiments; hence, exciting; piquant.

High"-sight`ed (?), a. Looking upward; supercilious. Shak.

High"-souled` (?), a. Having a high or noble spirit; honorable. E. Everett.

High"-sound`ing (?), a. Pompous; noisy; ostentatious; as, high-sounding words or titles.

High"-spir`it*ed (?), a. Full of spirit or natural fire; haughty; courageous; impetuous; not brooking restraint or opposition.

High"-step`per (?), n. A horse that moves with a high step or proud gait; hence, a person having a proud bearing. [Colloq.]

High"-stom`ached (?), a. Having a lofty spirit; haughty. [Obs.] Shak.

High"-strung` (?), a. Strung to a high pitch; spirited; sensitive; as, a high-strung horse.

High"-swell`ing (?), a. Inflated; boastful.

Hight (?), n. A variant of Height.

Hight (?), v. t. & i. [imp. Hight, Hot (&?;), p. p. Hight, Hote (&?;), Hoten (&?;). See Hote.] [OE. heiten, highten, haten, hoten; also hight, hatte, hette, is called, was called, AS. htan to call, name, be called, to command, promise; also htte is called, was called; akin to G. heissen to call, be called, bid, Goth. haitan to call, in the passive, to be called.] 1. To be called or named. [Archaic & Poetic.]

In the form hight, it is used in a passive sense as a present, meaning is called or named, also as a preterite, was called or named. This form has also been used as a past participle. See Hote.

The great poet of Italy, That highte Dante.

Chaucer.

Bright was her hue, and Geraldine she hight.

Surrey.

Entered then into the church the Reverend Teacher. Father he hight, and he was, in the parish.

Longfellow.

Childe Harold was he hight.

Byron.

2. To command; to direct; to impel. [Obs.]

But the sad steel seized not where it was hight Upon the child, but somewhat short did fall.

Spenser.

3. To commit; to intrust. [Obs.]

Yet charge of them was to a porter hight.

Spenser.

4. To promise. [Obs.]

He had hold his day, as he had hight.

Chaucer.

Hight"en*er (?), n. That which heightens.

Highth (hth or htth), n. Variant of Height. [Obs.]

High"-toned` (?), a. 1. High in tone or sound.

2. Elevated; high-principled; honorable.

In whose high-toned impartial mind Degrees of mortal rank and state Seem objects of indifferent weight.

Sir W. Scott.

High"-top` (?), n. A ship's masthead. Shak.

High"ty-tigh"ty (?), a. Hoity- toity.

High"way` (?), n. A road or way open to the use of the public; a main road or thoroughfare.

Syn. -- Way; road; path; course.

High"way`man (?), n.; pl. Highwaymen (&?;). One who robs on the public road; a highway robber.

High"-wrought` (?), a. 1. Wrought with fine art or skill; elaborate. [Obs.] Pope.

2. Worked up, or swollen, to a high degree; as, a highwrought passion. "A high-wrought flood." Shak.

Hi"gre (?), n. See Eagre. [Obs.] Drayton.

Hig"-ta`per (?), n. [Cf. Hag- taper.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Verbascum (V. Thapsus); the common mullein. [Also high-taper and hag-taper.]

Hij"e*ra (?), Hij"ra (&?;), n. See Hegira.

Hi"lal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a hilum.

Hi"lar (?), a. (Bot.) Belonging to the hilum.

Hi*la"ri*ous (?), a. [L. hilaris, hilarus, Gr. &?;; cf. &?; gracious, kindly.] Mirthful; noisy; merry.

Hi*lar"i*ty (?; 277), n. [L. hilaritas: cf. F. hilaritÈ. See Hilarious.] Boisterous mirth; merriment; jollity. Goldsmith.

Hilarity differs from joy: the latter, excited by good news or prosperity, is an affection of the mind; the former, produced by social pleasure, drinking, etc., which rouse the animal spirits, is more demonstrative.

Syn. -- Glee; cheerfulness; mirth; merriment; gayety; joyousness; exhilaration; joviality; jollity.

Hil"a*ry term` (?). Formerly, one of the four terms of the courts of common law in England, beginning on the eleventh of January and ending on the thirty-first of the same month, in each year; -- so called from the festival of St. Hilary, January 13th.

The Hilary term is superseded by the Hilary sittings, which commence on the eleventh of January and end on the Wednesday before Easter. Mozley & W.

Hil"ding (?), n. [Prob. a corruption of hindling, dim. of hind, adj. Cf. Prov. E. hilderling, hinderling. See Hinderling.] A base, menial wretch. -- a. Base; spiritless. [Obs.] Shak.

Hile (?), v. t. To hide. See Hele. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hile (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Hilum.

Hill (?), n. [OE. hil, hul, AS. hyll; akin to OD. hille, hil, L. collis, and prob. to E. haulm, holm, and column. Cf. 2d Holm.] 1. A natural elevation of land, or a mass of earth rising above the common level of the surrounding land; an eminence less than a mountain.

Every mountain and hill shall be made low.

Is. xl. 4.

2. The earth raised about the roots of a plant or cluster of plants. [U. S.] See Hill, v. t.

3. A single cluster or group of plants growing close together, and having the earth heaped up about them; as, a hill of corn or potatoes. [U. S.]

Hill ant (Zoˆl.), a common ant (Formica rufa), of Europe and America, which makes mounds or ant-hills over its nests. -- Hill myna (Zoˆl.), one of several species of birds of India, of the genus Gracula, and allied to the starlings. They are easily taught to speak many words. [Written also hill mynah.] See Myna. -- Hill partridge (Zoˆl.), a partridge of the genus Aborophila, of which numerous species in habit Southern Asia and the East Indies. -- Hill tit (Zoˆl.), one of numerous species of small Asiatic singing birds of the family LeiotrichidÊ. Many are beautifully colored.

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Hill (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hilling.] To surround with earth; to heap or draw earth around or upon; as, to hill corn.

Showing them how to plant and hill it.

Palfrey.

Hill"i*ness (?), n. The state of being hilly.

Hill"ing, n. The act or process of heaping or drawing earth around plants.

Hill"ock (?), n. A small hill. Shak.

Hill"side` (?), n. The side or declivity of a hill.

Hill"top` (?), n. The top of a hill.

Hill"y (?), a. 1. Abounding with hills; uneven in surface; as, a hilly country. "Hilly steep." Dryden.

2. Lofty; as, hilly empire. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Hilt (?), n. [AS. hilt, hilte; akin to OHG. helza, Prov. G. hilze, Icel. hjalt.] 1. A handle; especially, the handle of a sword, dagger, or the like.

Hilt"ed, a. Having a hilt; -- used in composition; as, basket-hilted, cross- hilted.

Hi"lum (?), n. [L., a little thing, trifle.] 1. (Bot.) The eye of a bean or other seed; the mark or scar at the point of attachment of an ovule or seed to its base or support; -- called also hile.

2. (Anat.) The part of a gland, or similar organ, where the blood vessels and nerves enter; the hilus; as, the hilum of the kidney.

||Hi"lus (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) Same as Hilum, 2.

Him (?), pron. Them. See Hem. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Him, pron. [AS. him, dat. of h. &radic;183. See He.] The objective case of he. See He.

Him that is weak in the faith receive.

Rom. xiv. 1.

Friends who have given him the most sympathy.

Thackeray.

In old English his and him were respectively the genitive and dative forms of it as well as of he. This use is now obsolete. Poetically, him is sometimes used with the reflexive sense of himself.

I never saw but Humphrey, duke of Gloster, Did bear him like a noble gentleman.

Shak.

Hi*ma"la*yan (?), a. [Skr. himlaya, prop., the abode of snow.] Of or pertaining to the Himalayas, the great mountain chain in Hindostan.

Himp"ne (?), n. A hymn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Him*self" (?), pron. 1. An emphasized form of the third person masculine pronoun; -- used as a subject usually with he; as, he himself will bear the blame; used alone in the predicate, either in the nominative or objective case; as, it is himself who saved himself.

But he himself returned from the quarries.

Judges iii. 19.

David hid himself in the field.

1 Sam. xx. 24.

The Lord himself shall give you a sign.

Is. vii. 14.

Who gave himself for us, that he might . . . purify unto himself a peculiar people.

Titus ii. 14.

With shame remembers, while himself was one Of the same herd, himself the same had done.

Denham.

Himself was formerly used instead of itself. See Note under Him.

It comprehendeth in himself all good.

Chaucer.

2. One's true or real character; one's natural temper and disposition; the state of being in one's right or sane mind (after unconsciousness, passion, delirium, or abasement); as, the man has come to himself.

By himself, alone; unaccompanied; apart; sequestered; as, he sits or studies by himself. -- To leave one to himself, to withdraw from him; to let him take his own course.

Him*self" (?), Him*selve" (&?;), Him*selv"en (&?;), pron. pl. Themselves. See Hemself. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Him*selve" (?), pron. See 1st Himself. [Obs.]

{ Him*yar"ic (?), Him`ya*rit"ic (?), } a. Pertaining to Himyar, an ancient king of Yemen, in Arabia, or to his successors or people; as, the Himjaritic characters, language, etc.; applied esp. to certain ancient inscriptions showing the primitive type of the oldest form of the Arabic, still spoken in Southern Arabia. Brande & C.

Hin (?), n. [Heb. hn.] A Hebrew measure of liquids, containing three quarts, one pint, one gill, English measure. W. H. Ward.

Hind (?), n. [AS. hind; akin to D. hinde, OHG. hinta, G. hinde, hindin, Icel., Sw., & Dan. hind, and perh. to Goth. hinpan to seize (in comp.), E. hunt, or cf. Gr. &?; a young deer.] 1. (Zoˆl.) The female of the red deer, of which the male is the stag.

2. (Zoˆl.) A spotted food fish of the genus Epinephelus, as E. apua of Bermuda, and E. Drummond-hayi of Florida; -- called also coney, John Paw, spotted hind.

Hind, n. [OE. hine, AS. hne, hna, orig. gen. pl. of hwan domestics; akin to Icel. hj man and wife, domestics, family, Goth. heiwafrauja master of the house, G. heirath marriage; cf. L. civis citizen, E. city or E. home. Cf. Hide a measure of land.] 1. A domestic; a servant. [Obs.] Shak.

2. A peasant; a rustic; a farm servant. [Eng.]

The hind, that homeward driving the slow steer Tells how man's daily work goes forward here.

Trench.

Hind, a. [Compar. Hinder (?); superl. Hindmost (?), or Hindermost (&?;).] [OE. hind, adv., back, AS. hindan behind. See Hinder, a.] In the rear; -- opposed to front; of or pertaining to the part or end which follows or is behind, in opposition to the part which leads or is before; as, the hind legs or hind feet of a quadruped; the hind man in a procession.

Hind"ber*ry (?), n. [AS. hindberie; akin to OHG. hintberi, G. himbeere. So called because hinds or stags are fond of them. See 1st Hind, and Berry.] The raspberry. [Prov. Eng.]

Hind"brain` (?), n. [Hind, adj. + brain.] (Anat.) The posterior of the three principal divisions of the brain, including the epencephalon and metencephalon. Sometimes restricted to the epencephalon only.

Hind"er (?), a. [OE. hindere, AS. hinder, adv., behind; akin to OHG. hintar, prep., behind, G. hinter, Goth. hindar; orig. a comparative, and akin to AS. hine hence. See Hence, He, and cf. Hind, a., Hindmost.] Of or belonging to that part or end which is in the rear, or which follows; as, the hinder part of a wagon; the hinder parts of a horse.

He was in the hinder part of the ship.

Mark iv. 38.

Hin"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hindered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hindering.] [OE. hindren, hinderen, AS. hindrian, fr. hinder behind; akin to D. hinderen, G. hindern, OHG. hintar&?;n, Icel. & Sw. hindra, Dan. hindre. See Hinder, a.] 1. To keep back or behind; to prevent from starting or moving forward; to check; to retard; to obstruct; to bring to a full stop; -- often followed by from; as, an accident hindered the coach; drought hinders the growth of plants; to hinder me from going.

Them that were entering in ye hindered.

Luke xi. 52.

I hinder you too long.

Shak.

2. To prevent or embarrass; to debar; to shut out.

What hinders younger brothers, being fathers of families, from having the same right?

Locke.

Syn. -- To check; retard; impede; delay; block; clog; prevent; stop; interrupt; counteract; thwart; oppose; obstruct; debar; embarrass.

Hin"der, v. i. To interpose obstacles or impediments; to be a hindrance.

This objection hinders not but that the heroic action of some commander . . . may be written.

Dryden.

Hin"der*ance (?). n. Same as Hindrance.

Hin"der*er (?), n. One who, or that which, hinders.

Hind"er*est (?), a. Hindermost; -- superl. of Hind, a. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hind"er*ling (?), n. [AS. hinderling one who comes behind his ancestors, fr. AS. hinder behind. See Hinder, a., and cf. Hilding.] A worthless, base, degenerate person or animal. [Obs.] Callander.

{ Hind"er*most`, Hind"most` } (?), a. [The superlative of hind. See Hind, a.] [Cf. AS. hindema (akin to Goth. hindumists), a superlative from the same source as the comparative hinder. See Hinder, a., and cf. Aftermost.] Furthest in or toward the rear; last. "Rachel and Joseph hindermost." Gen. xxxiii. 2.

Hind"gut` (?), n. [Hind, a. + gut.] (Anat.) The posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and sometimes the large intestine also.

Hin"di (?), n. [Prop. a Per. adj. meaning, Indian, Hindoo.] The name given by Europeans to that form of the Hindustani language which is chiefly spoken by native Hindoos. In employs the Devanagari character, in which Sanskrit is written. Whitworth.

Hind"ley"s screw` (?). (Mech.) A screw cut on a solid whose sides are arcs of the periphery of a wheel into the teeth of which the screw is intended to work. It is named from the person who first used the form.

{ Hin"doo, Hin"du } (?; 277), n.; pl. Hindoos (#) or Hindus. [Per. Hind, fr. Hind, Hindstn, India. Cf. Indian.] A native inhabitant of Hindostan. As an ethnical term it is confined to the Dravidian and Aryan races; as a religious name it is restricted to followers of the Veda.

{ Hin"doo*ism, Hin"du*ism } (?), n. The religious doctrines and rites of the Hindoos; Brahmanism.

{ Hin"doo*sta"nee, Hin"du*sta"ni } (?), a. [Hind. Hindstn an Indian, fr. Hind. and Per. Hindstn India.] Of or pertaining to the Hindoos or their language. -- n. The language of Hindostan; the name given by Europeans to the most generally spoken of the modern Aryan languages of India. It is Hindi with the addition of Persian and Arabic words.

Hin"drance (?), n. [See Hinder, v. t.] 1. The act of hindering, or the state of being hindered.

2. That which hinders; an impediment.

What various hindrances we meet.

Cowper.

Something between a hindrance and a help.

Wordsworth.

Syn. -- Impediment; obstruction; obstacle; difficulty; interruption; check; delay; restraint.

Hin"du (?), n. Same as Hindoo.

Hine (?), n. [See Hind a servant.] A servant; a farm laborer; a peasant; a hind. [Obs.]

Bailiff, herd, nor other hine.

Chaucer.

Hinge (?), n. [OE. henge, heeng; akin to D. heng, LG. henge, Prov. E. hingle a small hinge; connected with hang, v., and Icel. hengja to hang. See Hang.]

1. The hook with its eye, or the joint, on which a door, gate, lid, etc., turns or swings; a flexible piece, as a strip of leather, which serves as a joint to turn on.

The gate self-opened wide, On golden hinges turning.

Milton.

2. That on which anything turns or depends; a governing principle; a cardinal point or rule; as, this argument was the hinge on which the question turned.

3. One of the four cardinal points, east, west, north, or south. [R.]

When the moon is in the hinge at East.

Creech.

Nor slept the winds . . . but rushed abroad.

Milton.

Hinge joint. (a) (Anat.) See Ginglymus. (b) (Mech.) Any joint resembling a hinge, by which two pieces are connected so as to permit relative turning in one plane. -- To be off the hinges, to be in a state of disorder or irregularity; to have lost proper adjustment. Tillotson.

Hinge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hinged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hinging (?).] 1. To attach by, or furnish with, hinges.

2. To bend. [Obs.] Shak.

Hinge (?), v. i. To stand, depend, hang, or turn, as on a hinge; to depend chiefly for a result or decision or for force and validity; -- usually with on or upon; as, the argument hinges on this point. I. Taylor

Hinged (?), a. Furnished with hinges.

Hinge"less (?), a. Without a hinge or joint.

Hink (?), n. A reaping hook. Knight.

{ Hin"ni*ate (?), Hin"ny (?) } v. i. [L. hinnire.] To neigh; to whinny. [Obs.]

Hin"ny, n.; pl. Hinnies (#). [L. hinnus, cf. Gr. &?;.] A hybrid between a stallion and an ass.

Hin"ny, n. A term of endearment; darling; -- corrupted from honey. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

Hint (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hinting.] [OE. henten, hinten, to seize, to catch, AS. hentan to pursue, take, seize; or Icel. ymta to mutter, ymtr a muttering, Dan. ymte to whisper. &radic;36. Cf. Hent.] To bring to mind by a slight mention or remote allusion; to suggest in an indirect manner; as, to hint a suspicion.

Just hint a fault and hesitate dislike.

Pope.

Syn. -- To suggest; intimate; insinuate; imply.

Hint, v. i. To make an indirect reference, suggestion, or allusion; to allude vaguely to something.

We whisper, and hint, and chuckle.

Tennyson.

To hint at, to allude to lightly, indirectly, or cautiously.

Syn. -- To allude; refer; glance; touch.

Hint, n. A remote allusion; slight mention; intimation; insinuation; a suggestion or reminder, without a full declaration or explanation; also, an occasion or motive.

Our hint of woe Is common.

Shak.

The hint malevolent, the look oblique.

Hannah More.

Syn. -- Suggestion; allusion. See Suggestion.

Hint"ing*ly (?), adv. In a hinting manner.

Hip (?), n. [OE. hipe, huppe, AS. hype; akin to D. heup, OHG. huf, G. h¸fte, Dan. hofte, Sw. hˆft, Goth. hups; cf. Icel. huppr, and also Gr. &?; the hollow above the hips of cattle, and Lith. kumpis ham.]

1. The projecting region of the lateral parts of one side of the pelvis and the hip joint; the haunch; the huckle.

2. (Arch.) The external angle formed by the meeting of two sloping sides or skirts of a roof, which have their wall plates running in different directions.

3. (Engin) In a bridge truss, the place where an inclined end post meets the top chord. Waddell.

Hip bone (Anat.), the innominate bone; -- called also haunch bone and huckle bone. -- Hip girdle (Anat.), the pelvic girdle. -- Hip joint (Anat.), the articulation between the thigh bone and hip bone. -- Hip knob (Arch.), a finial, ball, or other ornament at the intersection of the hip rafters and the ridge. -- Hip molding (Arch.), a molding on the hip of a roof, covering the hip joint of the slating or other roofing. -- Hip rafter (Arch.), the rafter extending from the wall plate to the ridge in the angle of a hip roof. -- Hip roof, Hipped roof (Arch.), a roof having sloping ends and sloping sides. See Hip, n., 2., and Hip, v. t., 3. -- Hip tile, a tile made to cover the hip of a roof. -- To catch upon the hip, or To have on the hip, to have or get the advantage of; -- a figure probably derived from wresting. Shak. -- To smite hip and thigh, to overthrow completely; to defeat utterly. Judg. xv. 8.

Hip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hipping.] 1. To dislocate or sprain the hip of, to fracture or injure the hip bone of (a quadruped) in such a manner as to produce a permanent depression of that side.

2. To throw (one's adversary) over one's hip in wrestling (technically called cross buttock).

3. To make with a hip or hips, as a roof.

Hipped roof. See Hip roof, under Hip.

Hip (?), n. [OE. hepe, AS. heÛpe; cf. OHG. hiufo a bramble bush.] (Bot.) The fruit of a rosebush, especially of the English dog-rose (Rosa canina). [Written also hop, hep.]

Hip tree (Bot.), the dog- rose.

Hip, interj. Used to excite attention or as a signal; as, hip, hip, hurra!

Hip, or Hipps (&?;), n. See Hyp, n. [Colloq.]

Hip"halt` (?), a. Lame in the hip. [R.] Gower.

{ Hip"pa (?), Hip"pe (?), } n. (Zoˆl.) A genus of marine decapod crustaceans, which burrow rapidly in the sand by pushing themselves backward; -- called also bait bug. See Illust. under Anomura.

||Hip*pa"ri*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a pony, dim. of &?; a horse.] ||(Paleon.) An extinct genus of Tertiary mammals allied to the horse, ||but three-toed, having on each foot a small lateral hoof on each side ||of the main central one. It is believed to be one of the ancestral ||genera of the Horse family.

{ Hipped (?), Hip"pish (?), } a. [From 5th Hip.] Somewhat hypochondriac; melancholy. See Hyppish. [Colloq.]

When we are hipped or in high spirits.

R. L. Stevenson.

||Hip`po*bos"ca (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "i`ppos horse + &?; to feed.] ||(Zoˆl.) A genus of dipterous insects including the horsefly or horse ||tick. -- Hip`po*bos"can (#), a.

Hip"po*camp (?), n. See Hippocampus.

Hip`po*cam"pal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the hippocampus.

Hip`po*cam"pus (?), n. [L., the sea horse, Gr. &?; a hippocampus (in senses 1 and 2); "i`ppos horse + &?; to bend.] 1. (Class. Myth.) A fabulous monster, with the head and fore quarters of a horse joined to the tail of a dolphin or other fish (Hippocampus brevirostris), -- seen in Pompeian paintings, attached to the chariot of Neptune. Fairholt.

<! p. 695 !>

2. (Zoˆl.) A genus of lophobranch fishes of several species in which the head and neck have some resemblance to those of a horse; -- called also sea horse.

They swim slowly, in an erect position, and often cling to seaweeds by means of the incurved prehensile tail. The male has a ventral pouch, in which it carries the eggs till hatched.

3. (Zoˆl.) A name applied to either of two ridges of white matter in each lateral ventricle of the brain. The larger is called hippocampus major or simply hippocampus. The smaller, hippocampus minor, is called also ergot and calcar.

Hip`po*cen"taur (?), n. [L. hippocentaurus, Gr. &?;; "i`ppos horse + &?; centaur.] (Myth.) Same as Centaur.

Hip"po*cras (?), n. [F. hippocras, hypocras, NL. vinum hippocraticum, lit., wine of Hippocrates.] A cordial made of spiced wine, etc.

Hip*poc"ra*tes (?), n. A famous Greek physician and medical writer, born in Cos, about 460 B. C.

Hippocrates' sleeve, a conical strainer, made by stitching together two adjacent sides of a square piece of cloth, esp. flannel of linen.

Hip"po*crat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Hippocrates, or to his teachings.

Hippocratic face [L. facies Hippocratica], the change produced in the countenance by death, or long sickness, excessive evacuations, excessive hunger, and the like. The nose is pinched, the eyes are sunk, the temples hollow, the ears cold and retracted, the skin of the forehead tense and dry, the complexion livid, the lips pendent, relaxed, and cold; -- so called, as having been described by Hippocrates. Dunglison. -- Hippocratic oath, an oath said to have been dictated by Hippocrates to his disciples. Such an oath is still administered to candidates for graduation in medicine.

Hip*poc"ra*tism (?), n. The medical philosophy or system of Hippocrates.

Hip"po*crene (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; "i`ppos horse + &?; a fountain.] A fountain on Mount Helicon in Búotia, fabled to have burst forth when the ground was struck by the hoof of Pegasus. Also, its waters, which were supposed to impart poetic inspiration. Keats.

Nor maddening draughts of Hippocrene.

Longfellow.

Hip"po*crep"i*an (?), n. [See Hippocrepiform.] (Zoˆl.) One of an order of fresh-water Bryozoa, in which the tentacles are on a lophophore, shaped like a horseshoe. See PhylactolÊma.

Hip`po*crep`i*form (?), a. [Gr. "i`ppos horse + &?; shoe + -form.] (Bot.) Shaped like a horseshoe.

Hip"po*dame (?), n. [Cf. F. hippopotame.] A fabulous sea monster. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hip"po*drome (?), n. [L. hippodromos, Gr. &?;; "i`ppos horse + &?; course, fr. &?; to run: cf. F. hippodrome.] 1. (Gr. Antiq.) A place set apart for equestrian and chariot races.

2. An arena for equestrian performances; a circus.

Hip"po*griff (?), n. [F. hippogriffe; cf. It. ippogrifo. See Hippopotamus, Griffon.] (Myth.) A fabulous winged animal, half horse and half griffin. Milton.

Hip"po*lith (?), n. [Gr. "i`ppos horse + -lith.] A concretion, or kind of bezoar, from the intestines of the horse.

Hip`po*pa*thol`o*gy (?), n. [Gr. "i`ppos horse + E. pathology: cf. F. hippopathologie.] The science of veterinary medicine; the pathology of the horse.

Hip*poph"a*gi (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hippophagous.] Eaters of horseflesh.

Hip*poph"a*gism (?), n. Hippophagy. Lowell.

Hip*poph"a*gist (?), n. One who eats horseflesh.

Hip*poph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. "i`ppos horse + &?; to eat: cf. F. hippophage.] Feeding on horseflesh; -- said of certain nomadic tribes, as the Tartars.

Hip*poph"a*gy (?), n. [Cf. F. hippophagie.] The act or practice of feeding on horseflesh.

Hip"po*phile (?), n. [Gr. "i`ppos horse + &?; to love.] One who loves horses. Holmes.

Hip`po*pot"a*mus (?), n.; pl. E. Hippopotamuses (#), L. Hippopotami (#). [L., from Gr.&?;; "i`ppos horse + &?; river. Cf. Equine.] (Zoˆl.) A large, amphibious, herbivorous mammal (Hippopotamus amphibius), common in the rivers of Africa. It is allied to the hogs, and has a very thick, naked skin, a thick and square head, a very large muzzle, small eyes and ears, thick and heavy body, and short legs. It is supposed to be the behemoth of the Bible. Called also zeekoe, and river horse. A smaller species (H. Liberiencis) inhabits Western Africa.

Hip*pot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. "i`ppos horse + &?; to cut: cf. F. hippotomie.] Anatomy of the horse.

Hip*pu"ric (?), a. [Gr. "i`ppos horse + o"y`ron urine: cf. F. hippurique.] (Physiol. Chem.) Obtained from the urine of horses; as, hippuric acid.

Hippuric acid, a white crystalline substance, containing nitrogen, present in the urine of herbivorous animals, and in small quantity in human urine. By the action of acids, it is decomposed into benzoic acid and glycocoll.

Hip"pu*rite (?), n. [Gr. &?; decked with a horse's tail; "i`ppos horse + &?; tail: cf. F. hippurite.] (Paleon.) A fossil bivalve mollusk of the genus Hippurites, of many species, having a conical, cup- shaped under valve, with a flattish upper valve or lid. Hippurites are found only in the Cretaceous rocks.

Hip"-roofed` (?), a. Having a hip roof.

Hip"shot` (?), a. [Hip + shot.] Having the hip dislocated; hence, having one hip lower than the other. L'Estrange.

Hip" tree` (?). (Bot.) The dog- rose.

Hir (?), pron. [Obs.] See Here, pron. Chaucer.

Hir"cic (?), a. [Cf. F. hircique. See Hircin.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, mutton suet; -- applied by Chevreul to an oily acid which was obtained from mutton suet, and to which he attributed the peculiar taste and smell of that substance. The substance has also been called hircin. Watts.

Hir"cin (?), n. [L. hircus, he- goat, buck: cf. F. hircine.] (Chem.) Hircic acid. See Hircic. [R.]

{ Hir"cine (?), Hir"ci*nous (?), } a. [L. hircinus, fr. hircus hegoat: cf. F. hircin.] 1. Goatlike; of or pertaining to a goat or the goats.

2. Of a strong goatish smell.

Hire (hr), pron. [Obs.] See Here, pron. Chaucer.

Hire (hr), n. [OE. hire, hure, AS. hr; akin to D. huur, G. heuer, Dan. hyre, Sw. hyra.] 1. The price, reward, or compensation paid, or contracted to be paid, for the temporary use of a thing or a place, for personal service, or for labor; wages; rent; pay.

The laborer is worthy of his hire.

Luke x. 7.

2. (Law.) A bailment by which the use of a thing, or the services and labor of a person, are contracted for at a certain price or reward. Story.

Syn. -- Wages; salary; stipend; allowance; pay.

Hire, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hired (hrd); p. pr. & vb. n. Hiring.] [OE. hiren, huren, AS. hrian; akin to D. huren, G. heuern, Dan. hyre, Sw. hyra. See Hire, n.]

1. To procure (any chattel or estate) from another person, for temporary use, for a compensation or equivalent; to purchase the use or enjoyment of for a limited time; as, to hire a farm for a year; to hire money.

2. To engage or purchase the service, labor, or interest of (any one) for a specific purpose, by payment of wages; as, to hire a servant, an agent, or an advocate.

3. To grant the temporary use of, for compensation; to engage to give the service of, for a price; to let; to lease; -- now usually with out, and often reflexively; as, he has hired out his horse, or his time.

They . . . have hired out themselves for bread.

1 Sam. ii. 5.

Hire"less, a. Without hire. Davenant.

Hire"ling (-lng), n. [AS. hreling. See Hire, n., and -ling.] One who is hired, or who serves for wages; esp., one whose motive and interest in serving another are wholly gainful; a mercenary. "Lewd hirelings." Milton.

Hire"ling, a. Serving for hire or wages; venal; mercenary. "Hireling mourners." Dryden.

Hir"er (?), n. One who hires.

Hires (?), Hirs, pron. Hers; theirs. See Here, pron. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hir*sute" (?), a. [L. hirsutus; prob. akin to horridus horrid. Cf. Horrid.] 1. Rough with hair; set with bristles; shaggy.

2. Rough and coarse; boorish. [R.]

Cynical and hirsute in his behavior.

Life of A. Wood.

3. (Bot.) Pubescent with coarse or stiff hairs. Gray.

4. (Zoˆl.) Covered with hairlike feathers, as the feet of certain birds.

Hir*sute"ness, n. Hairiness. Burton.

Hir*tel"lous (?), a. [Dim., fr. L. hirtus hairy.] (Bot. & Zoˆl.) Pubescent with minute and somewhat rigid hairs.

Hi*ru"dine (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the leeches.

||Hir`u*din"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. hirudo, hirudinis, a leech.] ||(Zoˆl.) An order of Annelida, including the leeches; -- called also ||Hirudinei.

||Hi*ru"do (?), n. [L., a leech.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of leeches, including ||the common medicinal leech. See Leech.

Hi*run"dine (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Like or pertaining to the swallows.

||Hi*run"do (?), n. [L., swallow.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of birds including ||the swallows and martins.

His (?), pron. [AS. his of him, his, gen. masc. & neut. of h&?;, neut. hit. See He.] 1. Belonging or pertaining to him; -- used as a pronominal adjective or adjective pronoun; as, tell John his papers are ready; formerly used also for its, but this use is now obsolete.

No comfortable star did lend his light.

Shak.

Who can impress the forest, bid the tree Unfix his earth-bound root?

Shak.

Also formerly used in connection with a noun simply as a sign of the possessive. "The king his son." Shak. "By young Telemachus his blooming years." Pope. This his is probably a corruption of the old possessive ending - is or -es, which, being written as a separate word, was at length confounded with the pronoun his.

2. The possessive of he; as, the book is his. "The sea is his, and he made it." Ps. xcv. 5.

His"ing*er*ite (?), n. [Named after W. Hisinger, a Swedish mineralogist.] (Min.) A soft black, iron ore, nearly earthy, a hydrous silicate of iron.

His*pan"ic (?), a. [L. Hispanicus.] Of or pertaining to Spain or its language; as, Hispanic words.

His*pan"i*cism, n. A Spanish idiom or mode of speech. Keightley.

His*pan"i*cize (?), v. t. To give a Spanish form or character to; as, to Hispanicize Latin words.

His"pid (?), a. [L. hispidus: cf. F. hispide.]

1. Rough with bristles or minute spines.

2. (Bot. & Zoˆl.) Beset with stiff hairs or bristles.

His*pid"u*lous (?), a. [Dim. of hispid.] (Bot. & Zoˆl.) Minutely hispid.

Hiss (?). v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hissed (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Hissing.] [AS. hysian; prob. of imitative origin&?;; cf. LG. hissen, OD. hisschen.] 1. To make with the mouth a prolonged sound like that of the letter s, by driving the breath between the tongue and the teeth; to make with the mouth a sound like that made by a goose or a snake when angered; esp., to make such a sound as an expression of hatred, passion, or disapproval.

The merchants among the people shall hiss at thee.

Ezek. xxvii. 36.

2. To make a similar noise by any means; to pass with a sibilant sound; as, the arrow hissed as it flew.

Shod with steel, We hissed along the polished ice.

Wordsworth.

Hiss, v. t. 1. To condemn or express contempt for by hissing.

If the tag-rag people did not clap him and hiss him, according as he pleased and displeased them.

Shak.

Malcolm. What is the newest grief? Ros. That of an hour's age doth hiss the speaker.

Shak.

2. To utter with a hissing sound.

The long-necked geese of the world that are ever hissing dispraise.

Tennyson.

Hiss, n. 1. A prolonged sound like that letter s, made by forcing out the breath between the tongue and teeth, esp. as a token of disapprobation or contempt.

"Hiss" implies audible friction of breath consonants.

H. Sweet.

A dismal, universal hiss, the sound Of public scorn.

Milton.

2. Any sound resembling that above described; as: (a) The noise made by a serpent.

But hiss for hiss returned with forked tongue.

Milton.

(b) The note of a goose when irritated. (c) The noise made by steam escaping through a narrow orifice, or by water falling on a hot stove.

Hiss"ing, n. 1. The act of emitting a hiss or hisses.

2. The occasion of contempt; the object of scorn and derision. [Archaic]

I will make this city desolate, and a hissing.

Jer. xix. 8.

Hiss"ing*ly, adv. With a hissing sound.

Hist (?), interj. [Cf. Dan. hys. &?;. Cf. Hush, Whist.] Hush; be silent; -- a signal for silence. Milton.

His`ti*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + -logy.] Same as Histology.

His`to*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + E. genesis.] (Biol.) (a) The formation and development of organic tissues; histogeny; -- the opposite of histolysis. (b) Germ history of cells, and of the tissues composed of cells. Haeckel.

His`to*ge*net"ic (?), a. [See Histogeny.] (Biol.) Tissue-producing; connected with the formation and development of the organic tissues.

His*tog"e*ny (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + root of &?; to be born.] (Biol.) Same as Histogenesis. Dunglison.

His*tog"ra*pher (?), n. One who describes organic tissues; an histologist.

His"to*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to histography.

His*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + -graphy.] A description of, or treatise on, organic tissues.

His`to*hÊm"a*tin (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + E. hÊmatin.] (Physiol.) One of a class of respiratory pigments, widely distributed in the animal kingdom, capable of ready oxidation and reduction.

His"toid (?), a. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + -oid.] Resembling the normal tissues; as, histoid tumors.

{ His`to*log"ic (?), His`to*log"ic*al } a. (Biol.) Pertaining to histology, or to the microscopic structure of the tissues of living organisms. -- His`to*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

His*tol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in histology.

His*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + -logy.] That branch of biological science, which treats of the minute (microscopic) structure of animal and vegetable tissues; -- called also histiology.

||His*tol"y*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "isto`s tissue + &?; to loosen, ||dissolve.] (Biol.) The decay and dissolution of the organic tissues ||and of the blood.

His`to*lyt"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to histolysis, or the degeneration of tissues.

His*ton"o*my (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + &?; to distribute, regulate.] The science which treats of the laws relating to organic tissues, their formation, development, functions, etc.

His*toph"y*ly (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + Gr. &?; clan.] (Biol.) The tribal history of cells, a division of morphophyly. Haeckel.

His*to"ri*al (?), a. [L. historialis: cf. F. historial.] Historical. [Obs.] Chaucer.

His*to"ri*an (?), n. [F. historien.] 1. A writer of history; a chronicler; an annalist.

Even the historian takes great liberties with facts.

Sir J. Reynolds.

2. One versed or well informed in history.

Great captains should be good historians.

South.

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{ His*tor"ic (hs*tr"k), his*tor"ic*al (hs*tr"*kal), } a. [L. historicus, Gr. "istoriko`s: cf. F. historique. See History.] Of or pertaining to history, or the record of past events; as, an historical poem; the historic page. -- His*tor"ic*al*ness, n. -- His*to*ric"i*ty (#), n.

There warriors frowning in historic brass.

Pope.

Historical painting, that branch of painting which represents the events of history. -- Historical sense, that meaning of a passage which is deduced from the circumstances of time, place, etc., under which it was written. -- The historic sense, the capacity to conceive and represent the unity and significance of a past era or age.

His*tor"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In the manner of, or in accordance with, history.

His*tor"i*cize (?), v. t. To record or narrate in the manner of a history; to chronicle. [R.]

His"to*ried (?), a. Related in history.

His*to"ri*er (?), n. An historian. [Obs.]

||His`to*ri*ette" (?), n. [F., dim. of histoire a history.] Historical ||narration on a small scale; a brief recital; a story. Emerson.

His*tor"i*fy (?), v. t. [History + -fy.] To record in or as history. [R.] Lamb.

Thy conquest meet to be historified.

Sir P. Sidney.

His*to`ri*og"ra*pher (hs*t`r*g"r*fr), n. [L. historiographus, Gr. "istoriogra`fos; "istori`a history + gra`fein to write: cf. F. historiographe.] An historian; a writer of history; especially, one appointed or designated to write a history; also, a title bestowed by some governments upon historians of distinction.

His*to`ri*og"ra*pher*ship, n. The office of an historiographer. Saintsbury.

His*to`ri*og"ra*phy (?), n. The art of employment of an historiographer.

His*to`ri*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; history + -logy.] A discourse on history. Cockeram.

His*to`ri*on"o*mer (?), n. [Gr. &?; history + &?; to distribute.] One versed in the phenomena of history and the laws controlling them.

And historionomers will have measured accurately the sidereal years of races.

Lowell.

His"to*rize (?), v. t. To relate as history; to chronicle; to historicize. [R.] Evelyn.

His"to*ry (?), n.; pl. Histories (#). [L. historia, Gr. 'istori`a history, information, inquiry, fr. 'istwr, "istwr, knowing, learned, from the root of &?; to know; akin to E. wit. See Wit, and cf. Story.]

1. A learning or knowing by inquiry; the knowledge of facts and events, so obtained; hence, a formal statement of such information; a narrative; a description; a written record; as, the history of a patient's case; the history of a legislative bill.

2. A systematic, written account of events, particularly of those affecting a nation, institution, science, or art, and usually connected with a philosophical explanation of their causes; a true story, as distinguished from a romance; -- distinguished also from annals, which relate simply the facts and events of each year, in strict chronological order; from biography, which is the record of an individual's life; and from memoir, which is history composed from personal experience, observation, and memory.

Histories are as perfect as the historian is wise, and is gifted with an eye and a soul.

Carlyle.

For aught that I could ever read, Could ever hear by tale or history.

Shak.

What histories of toil could I declare!

Pope.

History piece, a representation in painting, drawing, etc., of any real event, including the actors and the action. -- Natural history, a description and classification of objects in nature, as minerals, plants, animals, etc., and the phenomena which they exhibit to the senses.

Syn. -- Chronicle; annals; relation; narration. -- History, Chronicle, Annals. History is a methodical record of important events which concern a community of men, usually so arranged as to show the connection of causes and effects, to give an analysis of motive and action etc. A chronicle is a record of such events, conforming to the order of time as its distinctive feature. Annals are a chronicle divided up into separate years. By poetic license annals is sometimes used for history.

Justly CÊsar scorns the poet's lays; It is to history he trusts for praise.

Pope.

No more yet of this; For 't is a chronicle of day by day, Not a relation for a breakfast.

Shak.

Many glorious examples in the annals of our religion.

Rogers.

His"to*ry, v. t. To narrate or record. [Obs.] Shak.

His*tot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; tissue + &?; to cut.] The dissection of organic tissues.

His"to*zyme (?), n. [Gr. &?; tissue + &?; leaven.] (Physiol. Chem.) A soluble ferment occurring in the animal body, to the presence of which many normal decompositions and synthetical processes are supposed to be due.

His"tri*on (?), n. [L. histrio: cf. F. histrion.] A player. [R.] Pope.

{ His`tri*on"ic (?), His`tri*on"ic*al (?) }, a. [L. histrionicus: cf. F. histrionique. See Histrion.] Of or relating to the stage or a stageplayer; befitting a theatre; theatrical; -- sometimes in a bad sense. -- His`tri*on"ic*al*ly, adv.

Tainted with false and histrionic feeling.

De Quincey.

His`tri*on"i*cism (?), n. The histrionic art; stageplaying. W. Black.

His"tri*o*nism (?), n. Theatrical representation; acting; affectation. Sir T. Browne.

His"tri*o*nize (?), v. t. To act; to represent on the stage, or theatrically. Urquhart.

Hit (?), pron. It. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hit, 3d pers. sing. pres. of Hide, contracted from hideth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hit (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hit; p. pr. & vb. n. Hitting.] [OE. hitten, hutten, of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. hitte to hit, find, Sw. & Icel. hitta.] 1. To reach with a stroke or blow; to strike or touch, usually with force; especially, to reach or touch (an object aimed at).

I think you have hit the mark.

Shak.

2. To reach or attain exactly; to meet according to the occasion; to perform successfully; to attain to; to accord with; to be conformable to; to suit.

Birds learning tunes, and their endeavors to hit the notes right.

Locke.

There you hit him; . . . that argument never fails with him.

Dryden.

Whose saintly visage is too bright To hit the sense of human sight.

Milton.

He scarcely hit my humor.

Tennyson.

3. To guess; to light upon or discover. "Thou hast hit it." Shak.

4. (Backgammon) To take up, or replace by a piece belonging to the opposing player; -- said of a single unprotected piece on a point.

To hit off, to describe with quick characteristic strokes; as, to hit off a speaker. Sir W. Temple. -- To hit out, to perform by good luck. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hit (?), v. i. 1. To meet or come in contact; to strike; to clash; -- followed by against or on.

If bodies be extension alone, how can they move and hit one against another?

Locke.

Corpuscles, meeting with or hitting on those bodies, become conjoined with them.

Woodward.

2. To meet or reach what was aimed at or desired; to succeed, -- often with implied chance, or luck.

And oft it hits Where hope is coldest and despair most fits.

Shak.

And millions miss for one that hits.

Swift.

To hit on or upon, to light upon; to come to by chance. "None of them hit upon the art." Addison.

Hit, n. 1. A striking against; the collision of one body against another; the stroke that touches anything.

So he the famed Cilician fencer praised, And, at each hit, with wonder seems amazed.

Dryden.

2. A stroke of success in an enterprise, as by a fortunate chance; as, he made a hit.

What late he called a blessing, now was wit, And God's good providence, a lucky hit.

Pope.

3. A peculiarly apt expression or turn of thought; a phrase which hits the mark; as, a happy hit.

4. A game won at backgammon after the adversary has removed some of his men. It counts less than a gammon.

5. (Baseball) A striking of the ball; as, a safe hit; a foul hit; -- sometimes used specifically for a base hit.

Base hit, Safe hit, Sacrifice hit. (Baseball) See under Base, Safe, etc.

Hitch (hch), v. t. [Cf. Scot. hitch a motion by a jerk, and hatch, hotch, to move by jerks, also Prov. G. hiksen, G. hinken, to limp, hobble; or E. hiccough; or possibly akin to E. hook.] 1. To become entangled or caught; to be linked or yoked; to unite; to cling.

Atoms . . . which at length hitched together.

South.

2. To move interruptedly or with halts, jerks, or steps; -- said of something obstructed or impeded.

Slides into verse, and hitches in a rhyme.

Pope.

To ease themselves . . . by hitching into another place.

Fuller.

3. To hit the legs together in going, as horses; to interfere. [Eng.] Halliwell.

Hitch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hitched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hitching.] 1. To hook; to catch or fasten as by a hook or a knot; to make fast, unite, or yoke; as, to hitch a horse, or a halter.

2. To move with hitches; as, he hitched his chair nearer.

To hitch up. (a) To fasten up. (b) To pull or raise with a jerk; as, a sailor hitches up his trousers. (c) To attach, as a horse, to a vehicle; as, hitch up the gray mare. [Colloq.]

Hitch, n. 1. A catch; anything that holds, as a hook; an impediment; an obstacle; an entanglement.

2. The act of catching, as on a hook, etc.

3. A stop or sudden halt; a stoppage; an impediment; a temporary obstruction; an obstacle; as, a hitch in one's progress or utterance; a hitch in the performance.

4. A sudden movement or pull; a pull up; as, the sailor gave his trousers a hitch.

5. (Naut.) A knot or noose in a rope which can be readily undone; -- intended for a temporary fastening; as, a half hitch; a clove hitch; a timber hitch, etc.

6. (Geol.) A small dislocation of a bed or vein.

Hitch"el (?), n. & v. t. See Hatchel.

Hithe (h), n. [AS. h. Cf. Hide to conceal.] A port or small haven; -- used in composition; as, Lambhithe, now Lambeth. Pennant.

Hith"er (?), adv. [OE. hider, AS. hider; akin to Icel. hra, Dan. hid, Sw. hit, Goth. hidr; cf. L. citra on this side, or E. here, he. &radic;183. Cf. He.]

1. To this place; -- used with verbs signifying motion, and implying motion toward the speaker; correlate of hence and thither; as, to come or bring hither.

2. To this point, source, conclusion, design, etc.; -- in a sense not physical.

Hither we refer whatsoever belongeth unto the highest perfection of man.

Hooker.

Hither and thither, to and fro; backward and forward; in various directions. "Victory is like a traveller, and goeth hither and thither." Knolles.

Hith"er, a. 1. Being on the side next or toward the person speaking; nearer; -- correlate of thither and farther; as, on the hither side of a hill. Milton.

2. Applied to time: On the hither side of, younger than; of fewer years than.

And on the hither side, or so she looked, Of twenty summers.

Tennyson.

To the present generation, that is to say, the people a few years on the hither and thither side of thirty, the name of Charles Darwin stands alongside of those of Isaac Newton and Michael Faraday.

Huxley.

Hith"er*most` (?), a. Nearest on this side. Sir M. Hale.

Hith"er*to` (?), adv. 1. To this place; to a prescribed limit.

Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further.

Job xxxviii. 11.

2. Up to this time; as yet; until now.

The Lord hath blessed me hitherto.

Josh. xvii. 14.

Hith"er*ward (?), adv. [AS. hiderweard.] Toward this place; hither.

Marching hitherward in proud array.

Shak.

Hit"ter (?), n. One who hits or strikes; as, a hard hitter.

Hive (?), n. [OE. hive, huve, AS. h&?;fe.] 1. A box, basket, or other structure, for the reception and habitation of a swarm of honeybees. Dryden.

2. The bees of one hive; a swarm of bees. Shak.

3. A place swarming with busy occupants; a crowd.

The hive of Roman liars.

Tennyson.

Hive bee (Zoˆl.), the honeybee.

Hive, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hiving.] 1. To collect into a hive; to place in, or cause to enter, a hive; as, to hive a swarm of bees.

2. To store up in a hive, as honey; hence, to gather and accumulate for future need; to lay up in store.

Hiving wisdom with each studious year.

Byron.

Hive, v. i. To take shelter or lodgings together; to reside in a collective body. Pope.

Hive"less, a. Destitute of a hive. Gascoigne.

Hiv"er (?), n. One who collects bees into a hive.

Hives (?), n. [Scot.; perh. akin to E. heave.] (Med.) (a) The croup. (b) An eruptive disease (Varicella globularis), allied to the chicken pox.

Hizz (?), v. i. To hiss. [Obs.] Shak.

Ho (?), pron. Who. [Obs.] In some Chaucer MSS.

{ Ho, Hoa } (?), n. [See Ho, interj., 2.] A stop; a halt; a moderation of pace.

There is no ho with them.

Decker.

{ Ho, Hoa } (h), interj. [Cf. F. & G. ho.] 1. Halloo! attend! -- a call to excite attention, or to give notice of approach. "What noise there, ho?" Shak. "Ho! who's within?" Shak.

2. [Perhaps corrupted fr. hold; but cf. F. hau stop! and E. whoa.] Stop! stand still! hold! - - a word now used by teamsters, but formerly to order the cessation of anything. [Written also whoa, and, formerly, hoo.]

The duke . . . pulled out his sword and cried "Hoo!"

Chaucer.

An herald on a scaffold made an hoo.

Chaucer.

Hoar (?), a. [OE. hor, har, AS. hr; akin to Icel. hrr, and to OHG. hr illustrious, magnificent; cf. Icel. Hei brightness of the sky, Goth. hais torch, Skr. ktus light, torch. Cf. Hoary.] 1. White, or grayish white; as, hoar frost; hoar cliffs. "Hoar waters." Spenser.

2. Gray or white with age; hoary.

Whose beard with age is hoar.

Coleridge.

Old trees with trunks all hoar.

Byron.

3. Musty; moldy; stale. [Obs.] Shak.

Hoar, n. Hoariness; antiquity. [R.]

Covered with the awful hoar of innumerable ages.

Burke.

Hoar, v. t. [AS. hrian to grow gray.] To become moldy or musty. [Obs.] Shak.

Hoard (?), n. See Hoarding, 2. Smart.

Hoard, n. [OE. hord, AS. hord; akin to OS. hord, G. hort, Icel. hodd, Goth. huzd; prob. from the root of E. hide to conceal, and of L. custos guard, E. custody. See Hide to conceal.] A store, stock, or quantity of anything accumulated or laid up; a hidden supply; a treasure; as, a hoard of provisions; a hoard of money.

Hoard, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Hoarding.] [AS. hordian.] To collect and lay up; to amass and deposit in secret; to store secretly, or for the sake of keeping and accumulating; as, to hoard grain.

Hoard, v. i. To lay up a store or hoard, as of money.

To hoard for those whom he did breed.

Spenser.

Hoard"er (?), n. One who hoards.

Hoard"ing (?), n. [From OF. hourd, hourt, barrier, palisade, of German or Dutch origin; cf. D. horde hurdle, fence, G. horde, h¸rde; akin to E. hurdle. &radic;16. See Hurdle.] 1. (Arch.) A screen of boards inclosing a house and materials while builders are at work. [Eng.]

Posted on every dead wall and hoarding.

London Graphic.

2. A fence, barrier, or cover, inclosing, surrounding, or concealing something.

The whole arrangement was surrounded by a hoarding, the space within which was divided into compartments by sheets of tin.

Tyndall.

Hoared (?), a. Moldy; musty. [Obs.] Granmer.

Hoar"frost` (?), n. The white particles formed by the congelation of dew; white frost. [Written also horefrost. See Hoar, a.]

He scattereth the hoarfrost like ashes.

Ps. cxlvii. 16.

Hoar"hound` (?), n. Same as Horehound.

Hoar"i*ness (?), n. [From Hoary.] The state of being hoary. Dryden.

Hoarse (?), a. [Compar. Hoarser (?), superl. Hoarsest.] [OE. hors, also hos, has, AS. hs; akin to D. heesch, G. heiser, Icel. hss, Dan. hÊs, Sw. hes. Cf. Prov. E. heazy.] 1. Having a harsh, rough, grating voice or sound, as when affected with a cold; making a rough, harsh cry or sound; as, the hoarse raven.

The hoarse resounding shore.

Dryden.

2. Harsh; grating; discordant; -- said of any sound.

Hoarse"ly, adv. With a harsh, grating sound or voice.

Hoars"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoarsened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hoarsening.] To make hoarse.

I shall be obliged to hoarsen my voice.

Richardson.

Hoarse"ness (?), n. Harshness or roughness of voice or sound, due to mucus collected on the vocal cords, or to swelling or looseness of the cords.

<! p. 697 !>

Hoar"stone` (hr"stn`), n. A stone designating the bounds of an estate; a landmark. Halliwell.

Hoar"y (?), a. 1. White or whitish. "The hoary willows." Addison.

2. White or gray with age; hoar; as, hoary hairs.

Reverence the hoary head.

Dr. T. Dwight.

3. Hence, remote in time past; as, hoary antiquity.

4. Moldy; mossy; musty. [Obs.] Knolles.

5. (Zoˆl.) Of a pale silvery gray.

6. (Bot.) Covered with short, dense, grayish white hairs; canescent.

Hoary bat (Zoˆl.), an American bat (Atalapha cinerea), having the hair yellowish, or brown, tipped with white.

Ho"at*zin (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Same as Hoazin.

Hoax (?), n. [Prob. contr. fr. hocus, in hocus-pocus.] A deception for mockery or mischief; a deceptive trick or story; a practical joke. Macaulay.

Hoax, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoaxed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hoaxing.] To deceive by a story or a trick, for sport or mischief; to impose upon sportively. Lamb.

Hoax"er (?), n. One who hoaxes.

Hoa"zin (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A remarkable South American bird (Opisthocomus cristatus); the crested touraco. By some zoˆlogists it is made the type of a distinct order (Opisthocomi).

Hob (?), n. [Prob. akin to hump. Cf. Hub. ]

1. The hub of a wheel. See Hub. Washington.

2. The flat projection or iron shelf at the side of a fire grate, where things are put to be kept warm. Smart.

3. (Mech.) A threaded and fluted hardened steel cutter, resembling a tap, used in a lathe for forming the teeth of screw chasers, worm wheels, etc.

Hob, n. [Orig. an abbrev. of Robin, Robert; Robin Goodfellow a celebrated fairy, or domestic spirit. Cf. Hobgoblin, and see Robin. ] 1. A fairy; a sprite; an elf. [Obs.]

From elves, hobs, and fairies, . . . Defend us, good Heaven !

Beau. & FL.

2. A countryman; a rustic; a clown. [Obs.] Nares.

{ Hob"a*nob` (?), Hob"and*nob`, } v. i. Same as Hobnob. Tennyson.

Hob"bism (?), n. The philosophical system of Thomas Hobbes, an English materialist (1588-1679); esp., his political theory that the most perfect form of civil government is an absolute monarchy with despotic control over everything relating to law, morals, and religion.

Hob"bist (?), n. One who accepts the doctrines of Thomas Hobbes.

Hob"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hobbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hobbling (?).] [OE. hobelen, hoblen, freq. of hoppen to hop; akin to D. hobbelen, hoblen, hoppeln. See Hop to jump, and cf. Hopple ] 1. To walk lame, bearing chiefly on one leg; to walk with a hitch or hop, or with crutches.

The friar was hobbling the same way too.

Dryden.

2. To move roughly or irregularly; -- said of style in writing. Prior.

The hobbling versification, the mean diction.

Jeffreys.

Hob"ble, v. t. 1. To fetter by tying the legs; to hopple; to clog. " They hobbled their horses." Dickens

2. To perplex; to embarrass.

Hob"ble, n. 1. An unequal gait; a limp; a halt; as, he has a hobble in his gait. Swift.

2. Same as Hopple.

3. Difficulty; perplexity; embarrassment. Waterton.

Hob"ble*bush` (?), n. (Bot.) A low bush (Viburnum lantanoides) having long, straggling branches and handsome flowers. It is found in the Northern United States. Called also shinhopple.

{ Hob"ble*de*hoy` (?), Hob"ble*te*hoy` (?), } n. [Written also hobbetyhoy, hobbarddehoy, hobbedehoy, hobdehoy.] [ Cf. Prob. E. hobbledygee with a limping movement; also F. hobereau, a country squire, E. hobby, and OF. hoi to-day; perh. the orig. sense was, an upstart of to-day.] A youth between boy and man; an awkward, gawky young fellow . [Colloq.]

All the men, boys, and hobbledehoys attached to the farm.

Dickens. .

Hob"bler (?), n. One who hobbles.

Hob"bler, n. [OE. also hobeler, OF. hobelier, LL. hobellarius. See Hobby a horse.] (Eng. Hist.) One who by his tenure was to maintain a horse for military service; a kind of light horseman in the Middle Ages who was mounted on a hobby. Hallam. Sir J. Davies.

Hob"bling*ly (?), adv. With a limping step.

Hob"bly (?), a. Rough; uneven; causing one to hobble; as a hobbly road.

Hob"by (?), n.; pl. Hobbies (#). [OE. hobi; cf. OF. hobe, hobÈ, F. hobereau a hobby, a species of falcon. OF. hober to move, stir. Cf. Hobby a horse.] (Zoˆl.) A small, strong-winged European falcon (Falco subbuteo), formerly trained for hawking.

{ Hob"by (?), Hob"by*horse` (?), } n. [OE. hobin a nag, OF. hobin hobby; cf. hober to stir, move; prob. of German or Scand. origin; cf. Dan. hoppe a mare, dial. Sw. hoppa; perh. akin to E. hop to jump.] 1. A strong, active horse, of a middle size, said to have been originally from Ireland; an ambling nag. Johnson.

2. A stick, often with the head or figure of a horse, on which boys make believe to ride. [ Usually under the form hobbyhorse.]

3. A subject or plan upon which one is constantly setting off; a favorite and ever-recurring theme of discourse, thought, or effort; that which occupies one's attention unduly, or to the weariness of others; a ruling passion. [Usually under the form hobby.]

Not one of them has any hobbyhorse, to use the phrase of Sterne.

Macaulay.

Hob`by*hors"ic*al (?), n. Pertaining to, or having, a hobby or whim; eccentric; whimsical.[Colloq.] Sterne.

Hob"gob`lin (?), n. [See 2d Hob, and Goblin.] A frightful goblin; an imp; a bugaboo; also, a name formerly given to the household spirit, Robin Goodfellow. Macaulay.

Hob"i*ler (?), n.[See 2d Hobbler.] A light horseman. See 2d Hobbler. [Obs.] Brande & C.

Ho"bit (?), n. [See Howitzer.] (Mil.) A small mortar on a gun carriage, in use before the howitzer.

Hob"nail` (?), n. [1st hob + nail.] 1. A short, sharp-pointed, large- headed nail, -- used in shoeing houses and for studding the soles of heavy shoes.

2. A clownish person; a rustic. Milton.

Hobnail liver (Med.), a disease in which the liver is shrunken, hard, and covered with projections like hobnails; one of the forms of cirrhosis of the liver.

Hob"nail`, v. t. To tread down roughly, as with hobnailed shoes.

Your rights and charters hobnailed into slush.

Tennyson.

Hob"nailed` (?), a. See with hobnails, as a shoe.

Hob"nob` (?), adv. [AS. habban to have + habban to have not; ne not + habban to have. See Have, and cf. Habnab.] 1. Have or have not; -- a familiar invitation to reciprocal drinking. Shak.

2. At random; hit or miss. (Obs.) Holinshed.

Hob"nob`, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hornobbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hornobbing.] 1. To drink familiarly (with another). [ Written also hob-a-nob.]

2. To associate familiarly; to be on intimate terms.

Hob"nob`, n. Familiar, social intercourse. W. Black.

Hob"or*nob` (?), adv. See Hobnob.

Ho"boy (?), n. A hautboy or oboe. [Obs.]

Hob"son's choice" (?). A choice without an alternative; the thing offered or nothing.

It is said to have had its origin in the name of one Hobson, at Cambridge, England, who let horses, and required every customer to take in his turn the horse which stood next the stable door.

Hoc"co (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The crested curassow; -- called also royal pheasant. See Curassow.

Hoche"pot (?), n. Hotchpot. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hock (?), n. [So called from Hochheim, in Germany.] A Rhenish wine, of a light yellow color, either sparkling or still. The name is also given indiscriminately to all Rhenish wines.

Hock, Hough (&?;), n. [ AS. h&?;h the heel; prob. akin to Icel. hsinn hock sinew, Dan. hasc, G. hechse, h‰chse, LG. hacke, D. hak; also to L. coxa hip (cf. Cuisses), Skr. kaksha armpit. &radic;12. Cf. Heel.] 1. (a) The joint in the hind limb of quadrupeds between the leg and shank, or tibia and tarsus, and corresponding to the ankle in man. (b) A piece cut by butchers, esp. in pork, from either the front or hind leg, just above the foot.

2. The popliteal space; the ham.

Hock, v. t. To disable by cutting the tendons of the hock; to hamstring; to hough.

Hock"a*more (?), n. [See 1st Hock.] A Rhenish wine. [Obs.] See Hock. Hudibras.

Hock"day` (?), n. [Cf. AS. hcor mockery, scorn.] A holiday commemorating the expulsion of the Danes, formerly observed on the second Tuesday after Easter; -- called also hocktide. [Eng.] [Written also hokeday.]

Hock"ey (?), n. [From Hook, n.] 1. A game in which two parties of players, armed with sticks curved or hooked at the end, attempt to drive any small object (as a ball or a bit of wood) toward opposite goals.

2. The stick used by the players. [Written also hookey and hawkey.]

Hock"herb` (?), n. (Bot.) The mallow.

Hoc"kle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hockled(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hockling (?).] [From 2d Hock.] 1. To hamstring; to hock; to hough. Hanmer.

2. To mow, as stubble. Mason.

Ho"cus (?), v. t. [See Hocus- pocus.] 1. To deceive or cheat. Halliwell.

2. To adulterate; to drug; as, liquor is said to be hocused for the purpose of stupefying the drinker. Dickens.

3. To stupefy with drugged liquor. Thackeray.

Ho"cus, n. 1. One who cheats or deceives. South.

2. Drugged liquor.

Ho"cus-po"cus (?), n. [Prob. invented by jugglers in imitation of Latin. Cf. Hoax, Hocus.] 1. A term used by jugglers in pretended incantations.

2. A juggler or trickster. Sir T. Herbert.

3. A juggler's trick; a cheat; nonsense. Hudibras.

Ho"cus-po"cus, v. t. To cheat. [Colloq.] L'Estrange.

Hod (?), n. [Prov. E. for hold, i. e., that which holds. See Hold.] 1. A kind of wooden tray with a handle, borne on the shoulder, for carrying mortar, brick, etc.

2. A utensil for holding coal; a coal scuttle.

Hod"den*gray` (?), a. [Perh. akin to E. hoiden rustic, clownish.] Applied to coarse cloth made of undyed wool, formerly worn by Scotch peasants. [Scot.]

Hod"dy (?), n. [Prob. for hooded.] (Zoˆl.) See Dun crow, under Dun, a.

Hod"dy*dod`dy (?), n. [Prob. E. also hoddypeke, hoddypoule, hoddymandoddy.] An awkward or foolish person. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Hodge"podge` (?), n. A mixed mass; a medley. See Hotchpot. Johnson.

Hodg`kin's dis*ease" (?). (Med.) A morbid condition characterized by progressive anÊmia and enlargement of the lymphatic glands; -- first described by Dr. Hodgkin, an English physician.

{ Ho"di*ern (?), Ho`di*er"nal (?), } a. [L. hodiernus, fr. hodie today.] Of this day; belonging to the present day. [R.] Boyle. Quart. Rev.

Hod"man (?), n.; pl. Hodmen(&?;). A man who carries a hod; a mason's tender.

Hod"man*dod (?), n. [Obs.] See Dodman. Bacon.

Hod"o*graph (?), n. [Gr.&?; path + graph.] (Math.) A curve described by the moving extremity of a line the other end of which is fixed, this line being constantly parallel to the direction of motion of, and having its length constantly proportional to the velocity of, a point moving in any path; -used in investigations respecting central forces.

Ho*dom"e*ter (?), n. See Odometer.

Hoe (?), n. [OF. hoe, F. houe; of German origin, cf. OHG. houwa, howa, G. haue, fr. OHG. houwan to hew. See Hew to cut.] 1. A tool chiefly for digging up weeds, and arranging the earth about plants in fields and gardens. It is made of a flat blade of iron or steel having an eye or tang by which it is attached to a wooden handle at an acute angle.

2. (Zoˆl.) The horned or piked dogfish. See Dogfish.

Dutch hoe, one having the blade set for use in the manner of a spade. -- Horse hoe, a kind of cultivator.

Hoe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hoeing.] [Cf. F. houer.] To cut, dig, scrape, turn, arrange, or clean, with a hoe; as, to hoe the earth in a garden; also, to clear from weeds, or to loosen or arrange the earth about, with a hoe; as, to hoe corn.

To hoe one's row, to do one's share of a job. [Colloq.]

Hoe, v. i. To use a hoe; to labor with a hoe.

Hoe"cake` (?), n. A cake of Indian meal, water, and salt, baked before the fire or in the ashes; -- so called because often cooked on a hoe. [Southern U.S.]

Hoe"moth`er (?), n. [A local Orkney name; cf. Icel. hr.] (Zoˆl.) The basking or liver shark; -- called also homer. See Liver shark, under Liver.

Ho"ful (?), a. [AS. hogful, hohful, fr. hogu care, anxiety.] Careful; wary. [Obs.] Stapleton.

Hog (?), n. [Prob. akin to E. hack to cut, and meaning orig., a castrated boar; cf. also W. hwch swine, sow, Armor. houc'h, hoc'h. Cf. Haggis, Hogget, and Hoggerel.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A quadruped of the genus Sus, and allied genera of SuidÊ; esp., the domesticated varieties of S. scrofa, kept for their fat and meat, called, respectively, lard and pork; swine; porker; specifically, a castrated boar; a barrow.

The domestic hogs of Siam, China, and parts of Southern Europe, are thought to have been derived from Sus Indicus.

2. A mean, filthy, or gluttonous fellow. [Low.]

3. A young sheep that has not been shorn. [Eng.]

4. (Naut.) A rough, flat scrubbing broom for scrubbing a ship's bottom under water. Totten.

5. (Paper Manuf.) A device for mixing and stirring the pulp of which paper is made.

Bush hog, Ground hog, etc.. See under Bush, Ground, etc. -- Hog caterpillar (Zoˆl.), the larva of the green grapevine sphinx; -- so called because the head and first three segments are much smaller than those behind them, so as to make a resemblance to a hog's snout. See Hawk moth. -- Hog cholera, an epidemic contagious fever of swine, attended by liquid, fetid, diarrhea, and by the appearance on the skin and mucous membrane of spots and patches of a scarlet, purple, or black color. It is fatal in from one to six days, or ends in a slow, uncertain recovery. Law (Farmer's Veter. Adviser.) -- Hog deer (Zoˆl.), the axis deer. -- Hog gum (Bot.), West Indian tree (Symphonia globulifera), yielding an aromatic gum. -- Hog of wool, the trade name for the fleece or wool of sheep of the second year. -- Hog peanut (Bot.), a kind of earth pea. -- Hog plum (Bot.), a tropical tree, of the genus Spondias (S. lutea), with fruit somewhat resembling plums, but chiefly eaten by hogs. It is found in the West Indies. -- Hog's bean (Bot.), the plant henbane. -- Hog's bread.(Bot.) See Sow bread. -- Hog's fennel. (Bot.) See under Fennel. -- Mexican hog (Zoˆl.), the peccary. -- Water hog. (Zoˆl.) See Capybara.

Hog, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hogged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hogging.] 1. To cut short like bristles; as, to hog the mane of a horse. Smart.

2. (Naut.) To scrub with a hog, or scrubbing broom.

Hog, v. i. (Naut.) To become bent upward in the middle, like a hog's back; -- said of a ship broken or strained so as to have this form.

Hog"back` (?), n. 1. (Arch.) An upward curve or very obtuse angle in the upper surface of any member, as of a timber laid horizontally; -- the opposite of camber.

2. (Naut.) See Hogframe.

3. (Geol.) A ridge formed by tilted strata; hence, any ridge with a sharp summit, and steeply sloping sides.

Hog"chain` (?), n. A chain or tie rod, in a boat or barge, to prevent the vessel from hogging.

Hog"chok`er (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An American sole (Achirus lineatus, or A. achirus), related to the European sole, but of no market value.

Hog"cote` (?), n. A shed for swine; a sty.

Hog"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) A large West Indian and Florida food fish (LachnolÊmus). (b) The pigfish or sailor's choice. (c) An American fresh-water fish; the log perch. (d) A large, red, spiny-headed, European marine fish (ScorpÊna scrofa).

Hog"frame` (?), n. (Steam Vessels) A trussed frame extending fore and aft, usually above deck, and intended to increase the longitudinal strength and stiffness. Used chiefly in American river and lake steamers. Called also hogging frame, and hogback.

Hogged (?), a. (Naut.) Broken or strained so as to have an upward curve between the ends. See Hog, v. i.

Hog"ger (?), n. A stocking without a foot, worn by coal miners at work.

Hog"ger*el (?), n. [From the same source as hog; prob. orig., a sheep clipped the first year. See Hog.] A sheep of the second year. [Written also hogrel.] Ash.

Hog"ger-pipe` (-pp`), n. (Mining) The upper terminal pipe of a mining pump. Raymond.

<! p. 698 !>

Hog"ger-pump" (hg"gr-pmp`), n. (Mining) The top pump in the pit. Raymond.

Hog"ger*y (?), n. Hoggish character or manners; selfishness; greed; beastliness.

Crime and shame And all their hoggery.

Mrs. Browning.

Hog"get (?), n. [See Hog, and Hoggerel.] 1. A young boar of the second year.

2. A sheep or colt alter it has passed its first year.

Hog"ging (?), n. (Naut.) Drooping at the ends; arching; -- in distinction from sagging.

Hogging frame. See Hogframe.

Hog"gish (?), a. Swinish; gluttonous; filthy; selfish. -- Hog"gish*ly, adv. -- Hog"gish*ness, n.

Is not a hoggish life the height of some men's wishes?

Shaftesbury.

Hogh (h), n. [Icel. haugr hill, mound; akin to E. high. See High.] A hill; a cliff. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hog"herd (?), n. A swineherd. W. Browne.

Hog`ma*nay" (&?;), n. The old name, in Scotland, for the last day of the year, on which children go about singing, and receive a dole of bread or cakes; also, the entertainment given on that day to a visitor, or the gift given to an applicant. [Scot.]

Hog"nose`snake" (?). (Zoˆl.) A harmless North American snake of the genus Heterodon, esp. H. platyrhynos; -- called also puffing adder, blowing adder, and sand viper.

Hog"nut` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The pignut. See Hickory. (b) In England, the Bunium flexuosum, a tuberous plant.

Ho"go (?), n. [Corrupted from F. haut go˚t.] High flavor; strong scent. [Obs.] Halliwell.

Hog"pen` (?), n. A pen or sty for hogs.

Hog"reeve` (?), n. [See Reeve.] A civil officer charged with the duty of impounding hogs running at large. [New Eng.] Bartlett.

Hog"ring`er (?), n. One who puts rings into the snouts of hogs.

Hog's"-back` (?), n. (Geol.) A hogback.

Hog"score` (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Curling) A distance line drawn across the rink or course between the middle line and the tee. [Scot.]

Hogs"head (?), n. [D. okshoofd; akin to Sw. oxhufvud, Dan. oxehoved, G. oxhoft; apparently meaning orig., ox head, but it is not known why this name was given. Cf. Ox, Head.] 1. An English measure of capacity, containing 63 wine gallons, or about 52Ω imperial gallons; a half pipe.

The London hogshead of beer was 54 beer gallons, the London hogshead of ale was 48 ale gallons. Elsewhere in England the ale and beer hogsheads held 51 gallons. These measures are no longer in use, except for cider.

2. A large cask or barrel, of indefinite contents; esp. one containing from 100 to 140 gallons. [U. S.]

Hog"skin` (?), n. Leather tanned from a hog's skin. Also used adjectively.

Hog"sty` (?), n.; pl. Hogsties (&?;). A pen, house, or inclosure, for hogs.

Hog"wash` (?), n. Swill. Arbuthnot.

Hog"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A common weed (Ambrosia artemisiÊge). See Ambrosia, 3. (b) In England, the Heracleum Sphondylium.

Hoi"den (?), n. [OE. hoydon a lout, rustic, OD. heyden a heathen, gypsy, vagabond, D. heiden, fr. OD. heyde heath, D. heide. See Heathen, Heath.] [Written also hoyden.] 1. A rude, clownish youth. [Obs.] Milton.

2. A rude, bold girl; a romp. H. Kingsley.

Hoi"den, a. Rustic; rude; bold. Younq.

Hoi"den, v. i. To romp rudely or indecently. Swift.

Hoi"den*hood (?), n. State of being a hoiden.

Hoi"den*ish, a. Like, or appropriate to, a hoiden.

Hoise (?), v. t. [See Hoist.] To hoist. [Obs.]

They . . . hoised up the mainsail to the wind.

Acts xxvii. 40.

Hoist (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hoisting.] [OE. hoise, hyse, OD. hyssen, D. hijshen; akin to LG. hissen, Dan. hisse, Sw. hissa.] To raise; to lift; to elevate; esp., to raise or lift to a desired elevation, by means of tackle, as a sail, a flag, a heavy package or weight.

They land my goods, and hoist my flying sails.

Pope.

Hoisting him into his father's throne.

South.

Hoisting engine, a steam engine for operating a hoist.

Hoist, n. 1. That by which anything is hoisted; the apparatus for lifting goods.

2. The act of hoisting; a lift. [Collog.]

3. (Naut.) (a) The perpendicular height of a flag, as opposed to the fly, or horizontal length when flying from a staff. (b) The height of a fore-and-aft sail next the mast or stay. Totten.

Hoist bridge, a drawbridge that is lifted instead of being swung or drawn aside.

Hoist, p. p. Hoisted. [Obs.]

'T is the sport to have the enginer Hoist with his own petar.

Shak.

Hoist"a*way` (?), n. A mechanical lift. See Elevator.

Hoist"way` (?), n. An opening for the hoist, or elevator, in the floor of a wareroom.

Hoit (?), v. i. [Gf. W. hoetian to dally, dandle.] To leap; to caper; to romp noisily. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Hoi"ty-toi`ty (?), a. [From Hoit.] Thoughtless; giddy; flighty; also, haughty; patronizing; as, to be in hoity-toity spirits, or to assume hoity-toity airs; used also as an exclamation, denoting surprise or disapprobation, with some degree of contempt.

Hoity-toity! What have I to do with dreams?

Congreve.

Hoke"day` (?), n. Same as Hockday.

Ho"ker (?), n. [AS. hcor.] Scorn; derision; abusive talk. [Obs.] -- Ho"ker*ly, adv. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hol (?), a. [See Whole.] Whole. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hol`as*pid"e*an (?), a. [Holo- + Gr.&?;, &?;, shield.] (Zoˆl.) Having a single series of large scutes on the posterior side of the tarsus; -- said of certain birds.

Hol"cad (?), n. [Gr. 'olka`s, -a`dos, a ship which is towed, a ship of burden, fr. 'e`lkein to draw. Gf. Hulk.] A large ship of burden, in ancient Greece. Mitford.

Hold (?), n. [D. hol hole, hollow. See Hole.] (Naut.) The whole interior portion of a vessel below the lower deck, in which the cargo is stowed.

Hold, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Held (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Holding. Holden (&?;), p. p., is obs. in elegant writing, though still used in legal language.] [OE. haldan, D. houden, OHG. hoten, Icel. halda, Dan. holde, Sw. hÂlla, Goth. haldan to feed, tend (the cattle); of unknown origin. Gf. Avast, Halt, Hod.]

1. To cause to remain in a given situation, position, or relation, within certain limits, or the like; to prevent from falling or escaping; to sustain; to restrain; to keep in the grasp; to retain.

The loops held one curtain to another.

Ex. xxxvi. 12.

Thy right hand shall hold me.

Ps. cxxxix. 10.

They all hold swords, being expert in war.

Cant. iii. 8.

In vain he seeks, that having can not hold.

Spenser.

France, thou mayst hold a serpent by the tongue, . . . A fasting tiger safer by the tooth, Than keep in peace that hand which thou dost hold.

Shak.

2. To retain in one's keeping; to maintain possession of, or authority over; not to give up or relinquish; to keep; to defend.

We mean to hold what anciently we claim Of deity or empire.

Milton.

3. To have; to possess; to be in possession of; to occupy; to derive title to; as, to hold office.

This noble merchant held a noble house.

Chaucer.

Of him to hold his seigniory for a yearly tribute.

Knolles.

And now the strand, and now the plain, they held.

Dryden.

4. To impose restraint upon; to limit in motion or action; to bind legally or morally; to confine; to restrain.

We can not hold mortality's strong hand.

Shak.

Death! what do'st? O, hold thy blow.

Grashaw.

He had not sufficient judgment and self-command to hold his tongue.

Macaulay.

5. To maintain in being or action; to carry on; to prosecute, as a course of conduct or an argument; to continue; to sustain.

Hold not thy peace, and be not still.

Ps. lxxxiii. 1.

Seedtime and harvest, heat and hoary frost, Shall hold their course.

Milton.

6. To prosecute, have, take, or join in, as something which is the result of united action; as to, hold a meeting, a festival, a session, etc.; hence, to direct and bring about officially; to conduct or preside at; as, the general held a council of war; a judge holds a court; a clergyman holds a service.

I would hold more talk with thee.

Shak.

7. To receive and retain; to contain as a vessel; as, this pail holds milk; hence, to be able to receive and retain; to have capacity or containing power for.

Broken cisterns that can hold no water.

Jer. ii. 13.

One sees more devils than vast hell can hold.

Shak.

8. To accept, as an opinion; to be the adherent of, openly or privately; to persist in, as a purpose; to maintain; to sustain.

Stand fast and hold the traditions which ye have been taught.

2 Thes. ii.15.

But still he held his purpose to depart.

Dryden.

9. To consider; to regard; to esteem; to account; to think; to judge.

I hold him but a fool.

Shak.

I shall never hold that man my friend.

Shak.

The Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.

Ex. xx. 7.

10. To bear, carry, or manage; as he holds himself erect; he holds his head high.

Let him hold his fingers thus.

Shak.

To hold a wager, to lay or hazard a wager. Swift. -- To hold forth, to offer; to exhibit; to propose; to put forward. "The propositions which books hold forth and pretend to teach." Locke. -- To held in, to restrain; to curd. -- To hold in hand, to toy with; to keep in expectation; to have in one's power. [Obs.]

O, fie! to receive favors, return falsehoods, And hold a lady in hand.

Beaw. & Fl.

-- To hold in play, to keep under control; to dally with. Macaulay. -- To hold off, to keep at a distance. -- To hold on, to hold in being, continuance or position; as, to hold a rider on. -- To hold one's day, to keep one's appointment. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- To hold one's own. (a) To keep good one's present condition absolutely or relatively; not to fall off, or to lose ground; as, a ship holds her own when she does not lose ground in a race or chase; a man holds his own when he does not lose strength or weight. -- To hold one's peace, to keep silence.- To hold out. (a) To extend; to offer. "Fortune holds out these to you as rewards." B. Jonson. (b) To continue to do or to suffer; to endure. "He can not long hold out these pangs." Shak. -- To hold up. (a) To raise; to lift; as, hold up your head. (b) To support; to sustain. "He holds himself up in virtue."Sir P. Sidney. (c) To exhibit; to display; as, he was held up as an example. (d) To rein in; to check; to halt; as, hold up your horses. -- To hold water. (a) Literally, to retain water without leaking; hence (Fig.), to be whole, sound, consistent, without gaps or holes; -- commonly used in a negative sense; as, his statements will not hold water. [Collog.] (b) (Naut.) To hold the oars steady in the water, thus checking the headway of a boat.

Hold, v. i. In general, to keep one's self in a given position or condition; to remain fixed. Hence:

1. Not to move; to halt; to stop; -- mostly in the imperative.

And damned be him that first cries, "Hold, enough!"

Shak.

2. Not to give way; not to part or become separated; to remain unbroken or unsubdued.

Our force by land hath nobly held.

Shak.

3. Not to fail or be found wanting; to continue; to last; to endure a test or trial; to abide; to persist.

While our obedience holds.

Milton.

The rule holds in land as all other commodities.

Locke.

4. Not to fall away, desert, or prove recreant; to remain attached; to cleave; -- often with with, to, or for.

He will hold to the one and despise the other.

Matt. vi. 24

5. To restrain one's self; to refrain.

His dauntless heart would fain have held From weeping, but his eyes rebelled.

Dryden.

6. To derive right or title; -- generally with of.

My crown is absolute, and holds of none.

Dryden.

His imagination holds immediately from nature.

Hazlitt.

Hold on! Hold up! wait; stop; forbear. [Collog] -- To hold forth, to speak in public; to harangue; to preach. L'Estrange. -- To hold in, to restrain one's self; as, he wanted to laugh and could hardly hold in. -- To hold off, to keep at a distance. -- To hold on, to keep fast hold; to continue; to go on. "The trade held on for many years," Swift. -- To hold out, to last; to endure; to continue; to maintain one's self; not to yield or give way. -- To hold over, to remain in office, possession, etc., beyond a certain date. -- To hold to or with, to take sides with, as a person or opinion. -- To hold together, to be joined; not to separate; to remain in union. Dryden. Locke. -- To hold up. (a) To support one's self; to remain unbent or unbroken; as, to hold up under misfortunes. (b) To cease raining; to cease to stop; as, it holds up. Hudibras. (c) To keep up; not to fall behind; not to lose ground. Collier.

Hold (?), n. 1. The act of holding, as in or with the hands or arms; the manner of holding, whether firm or loose; seizure; grasp; clasp; gripe; possession; -- often used with the verbs take and lay.

Ne have I not twelve pence within mine hold.

Chaucer.

Thou should'st lay hold upon him.

B. Jonson.

My soul took hold on thee.

Addison.

Take fast hold of instruction.

Pror. iv. 13.

2. The authority or ground to take or keep; claim.

The law hath yet another hold on you.

Shak.

3. Binding power and influence.

Fear . . . by which God and his laws take the surest hold of.

Tillotson.

4. Something that may be grasped; means of support.

If a man be upon an high place without rails or good hold, he is ready to fall.

Bacon.

5. A place of confinement; a prison; confinement; custody; guard.

They . . . put them in hold unto the next day.

Acts. iv. 3.

King Richard, he is in the mighty hold Of Bolingbroke.

Shak.

6. A place of security; a fortified place; a fort; a castle; -- often called a stronghold. Chaucer.

New comers in an ancient hold

Tennyson.

7. (Mus.) A character [thus &?;] placed over or under a note or rest, and indicating that it is to be prolonged; -- called also pause, and corona.

Hold"back` (?), n. 1. Check; hindrance; restraint; obstacle.

The only holdback is the affection . . . that we bear to our wealth.

Hammond.

2. The projection or loop on the thill of a vehicle. to which a strap of the harness is attached, to hold back a carriage when going down hill, or in backing; also, the strap or part of the harness so used.

Hold"er, (&?;) n. One who is employed in the hold of a vessel.

Hold"er, n. 1. One who, or that which, holds.

2. One who holds land, etc., under another; a tenant.

3. (Com.) The payee of a bill of exchange or a promissory note, or the one who owns or holds it.

Holder is much used as the second part of a compound; as, shareholder, officeholder, stockholder,etc.

Hold"er-forth` (?), n. One who speaks in public; an haranguer; a preacher. Addison.

Hold"fast` (?), n. 1. Something used to secure and hold in place something else, as a long flat-headed nail, a catch a hook, a clinch, a clamp, etc.; hence, a support. "His holdfast was gone." Bp. Montagu.

2. (Bot.) A conical or branching body, by which a seaweed is attached to its support, and differing from a root in that it is not specially absorbent of moisture.

Hold"ing, n. 1. The act or state of sustaining, grasping, or retaining.

2. A tenure; a farm or other estate held of another.

3. That which holds, binds, or influences. Burke.

4. The burden or chorus of a song. [Obs.] Shak.

Holding note (Mus.), a note sustained in one part, while the other parts move.

Hole (hl), a. Whole. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hole, n. [OE. hol, hole, AS. hol, hole, cavern, from hol, a., hollow; akin to D. hol, OHG. hol, G. hohl, Dan. huul hollow, hul hole, Sw. hÂl, Icel. hola; prob. from the root of AS. helan to conceal. See Hele, Hell, and cf. Hold of a ship.] 1. A hollow place or cavity; an excavation; a pit; an opening in or through a solid body, a fabric, etc.; a perforation; a rent; a fissure.

The holes where eyes should be.

Shak.

The blind walls Were full of chinks and holes.

Tennyson.

The priest took a chest, and bored a hole in the lid.

2 Kings xii. 9.

2. An excavation in the ground, made by an animal to live in, or a natural cavity inhabited by an animal; hence, a low, narrow, or dark lodging or place; a mean habitation. Dryden.

The foxes have holes, . . . but the Son of man hath not where to lay his head.

Luke ix. 58.

Syn. -- Hollow; concavity; aperture; rent; fissure; crevice; orifice; interstice; perforation; excavation; pit; cave; den; cell.

Hole and corner, clandestine, underhand. [Colloq.] "The wretched trickery of hole and corner buffery." Dickens. -- Hole board (Fancy Weaving), a board having holes through which cords pass which lift certain warp threads; -- called also compass board.

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Hole (?), v. t. [AS. holian. See Hole, n.] 1. To cut, dig, or bore a hole or holes in; as, to hole a post for the insertion of rails or bars. Chapman.

2. To drive into a hole, as an animal, or a billiard ball.

Hole, v. i. To go or get into a hole. B. Jonson.

Hol*eth"nic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a holethnos or parent race.

The holethnic history of the Arians.

London Academy.

Hol*eth"nos (?), n. [Holo + Gr. &?; race.] A parent stock or race of people, not yet divided into separate branches or tribes.

Hol"i*but (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Halibut.

Hol"i*dam (?), n. [Obs.] See Halidom.

Hol"i*day (?), n. [Holy + day.] 1. A consecrated day; religious anniversary; a day set apart in honor of some person, or in commemoration of some event. See Holyday.

2. A day of exemption from labor; a day of amusement and gayety; a festival day.

And young and old come forth to play On a sunshine holiday.

Milton.

3. (Law) A day fixed by law for suspension of business; a legal holiday.

In the United States legal holidays, so called, are determined by law, commonly by the statutes of the several States. The holidays most generally observed are: the 22d day of February (Washington's birthday), the 30th day of May (Memorial day), the 4th day of July (Independence day), the 25th day of December (Christmas day). In most of the States the 1st day of January is a holiday. When any of these days falls on Sunday, usually the Monday following is observed as the holiday. In many of the States a day in the spring (as Good Friday, or the first Thursday in April), and a day in the fall (as the last Thursday in November) are now regularly appointed by Executive proclamation to be observed, the former as a day of fasting and prayer, the latter as a day of thanksgiving and are kept as holidays. In England, the days of the greater church feasts (designated in the calendar by a red letter, and commonly called red-letter days) are observed as general holidays. Bank holidays are those on which, by act of Parliament, banks may suspend business. Although Sunday is a holiday in the sense of a day when business is legally suspended, it is not usually included in the general term, the phrase "Sundays and holidays" being more common.

The holidays, any fixed or usual period for relaxation or festivity; especially, Christmas and New Year's day with the intervening time.

Hol`i*day, a. 1. Of or pertaining to a festival; cheerful; joyous; gay. Shak.

2. Occurring rarely; adapted for a special occasion.

Courage is but a holiday kind of virtue, to be seldom exercised.

Dryden.

Ho"li*ly (?), adv. [From Holy.] 1. Piously; with sanctity; in a holy manner.

2. Sacredly; inviolably. [R.] Shak.

Ho"li*ness, n. [AS. hlignes.] 1. The state or quality of being holy; perfect moral integrity or purity; freedom from sin; sanctity; innocence.

Who is like thee, glorious in holiness!

Ex. xv. 11.

2. The state of being hallowed, or consecrated to God or to his worship; sacredness.

Israel was holiness unto the Lord.

Jer.ii.3.

His holiness, a title of the pope; -- formerly given also to Greek bishops and Greek emperors.

Syn. -- Piety; devotion; godliness; sanctity; sacredness; righteousness.

Hol"ing (?), n. [See Hole a hollow.] (Mining) Undercutting in a bed of coal, in order to bring down the upper mass. Raymond.

Hol"la (?), interj. [F. hola; ho ho + l‡ there, fr. L. illac that way, there. Cf. Hollo.] Hollo.

Hol"la, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hollaed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hollaing.] See Hollo, v. i.

Hol"land (?), n. A kind of linen first manufactured in Holland; a linen fabric used for window shades, children's garments, etc.; as, brown or unbleached hollands.

Hol"land*er (?), n. 1. A native or one of the people of Holland; a Dutchman.

2. A very hard, semi-glazed, green or dark brown brick, which will not absorb water; -- called also, Dutch clinker. Wagner.

Hol"land*ish, a. Relating to Holland; Dutch.

Hol"lands (?), n. 1. Gin made in Holland.

2. pl. See Holland.

Hol*lo" (?), interj. & n. [See Halloo, and cf. Holla.] Ho there; stop; attend; hence, a loud cry or a call to attract attention; a halloo.

And every day, for food or play, Came to the mariner's hollo.

Coleridge.

Hol"lo (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Holloed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Holloing.] [See Hollo, interj., and cf. Halloo.] To call out or exclaim; to halloo. This form is now mostly replaced by hello.

Hol*loa" (?), interj., n. & v. i. Same as Hollo.

Hol"low (?), a. [OE. holow, holgh, holf, AS. holh a hollow, hole. Cf. Hole.] 1. Having an empty space or cavity, natural or artificial, within a solid substance; not solid; excavated in the interior; as, a hollow tree; a hollow sphere.

Hollow with boards shalt thou make it.

Ex. xxvii. 8.

2. Depressed; concave; gaunt; sunken.

With hollow eye and wrinkled brow.

Shak.

3. Reverberated from a cavity, or resembling such a sound; deep; muffled; as, a hollow roar. Dryden.

4. Not sincere or faithful; false; deceitful; not sound; as, a hollow heart; a hollow friend. Milton.

Hollow newel (Arch.), an opening in the center of a winding staircase in place of a newel post, the stairs being supported by the wall; an open newel; also, the stringpiece or rail winding around the well of such a staircase. -- Hollow quoin (Engin.), a pier of stone or brick made behind the lock gates of a canal, and containing a hollow or recess to receive the ends of the gates. -- Hollow root. (Bot.) See Moschatel. -- Hollow square. See Square. -- Hollow ware, hollow vessels; -- a trade name for cast-iron kitchen utensils, earthenware, etc.

Syn.- Concave; sunken; low; vacant; empty; void; false; faithless; deceitful; treacherous.

Hol"low (?), n. 1. A cavity, natural or artificial; an unfilled space within anything; a hole, a cavern; an excavation; as the hollow of the hand or of a tree.

2. A low spot surrounded by elevations; a depressed part of a surface; a concavity; a channel.

Forests grew Upon the barren hollows.

Prior.

I hate the dreadful hollow behind the little wood.

Tennyson.

Hol"low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hollowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hollowing.] To make hollow, as by digging, cutting, or engraving; to excavate. "Trees rudely hollowed." Dryden.

Hol"low, adv. Wholly; completely; utterly; -- chiefly after the verb to beat, and often with all; as, this story beats the other all hollow. See All, adv. [Collog.]

The more civilized so-called Caucasian races have beaten the Turks hollow in the struggle for existence.

Darwin.

Hol*low" (?), interj. [See Hollo.] Hollo.

Hol"low (?), v. i. To shout; to hollo.

Whisperings and hollowings are alike to a deaf ear.

Fuller.

Hol"low, v. t. To urge or call by shouting.

He has hollowed the hounds.

Sir W. Scott.

Hol"low-heart`ed (?), a. Insincere; deceitful; not sound and true; having a cavity or decayed spot within.

Syn. -- Faithless; dishonest; false; treacherous.

Hol"low-horned` (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having permanent horns with a bony core, as cattle.

Hol"low*ly, adv. Insincerely; deceitfully. Shak.

Hol"low*ness, n. 1. State of being hollow. Bacon.

2. Insincerity; unsoundness; treachery. South.

Hol"ly (?), adv. Wholly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hol"ly (hl"l), n. [OE holi, holin, AS. holen, holegn; akin to D. & G. hulst, OHG. huls hulis, W. celyn, Armor. kelen, Gael. cuilionn, Ir. cuileann. Cf. 1st Holm, Hulver.] 1. (Bot.) A tree or shrub of the genus Ilex. The European species (Ilex Aquifolium) is best known, having glossy green leaves, with a spiny, waved edge, and bearing berries that turn red or yellow about Michaelmas.

The holly is much used to adorn churches and houses, at Christmas time, and hence is associated with scenes of good will and rejoicing. It is an evergreen tree, and has a finegrained, heavy, white wood. Its bark is used as a febrifuge, and the berries are violently purgative and emetic. The American holly is the Ilex opaca, and is found along the coast of the United States, from Maine southward. Gray.

2. (Bot.) The holm oak. See 1st Holm.

Holly-leaved oak (Bot.), the black scrub oak. See Scrub oak. -- Holly rose (Bot.), a West Indian shrub, with showy, yellow flowers (Turnera ulmifolia). -- Sea holly (Bot.), a species of Eryngium. See Eryngium.

Hol"ly*hock (?), n. [OE. holihoc; holi holy + hoc mallow, AS. hoc; cf. W. hocys mallows, hocys bendigaid hollyhock, lit., blessed mallow. Prob. so named because brought from the Holy Land. See Holy.] (Bot.) A species of AlthÊa (A. rosea), bearing flowers of various colors; -- called also rose mallow.

Holm (?), n. [OE., prob. from AS. holen holly; as the holly is also called holm. See Holly.] (Bot.) A common evergreen oak, of Europe (Quercus Ilex); -- called also ilex, and holly.

Holm (?), n. [AS. holm, usually meaning, sea, water; akin to Icel. hlmr, holmr, an island, Dan. holm, Sw. holme, G. holm, and prob. to E. hill. Cf. Hill.]

1. An islet in a river. J. Brand.

2. Low, flat land. Wordsworth.

The soft wind blowing over meadowy holms.

Tennyson.

Holm thrush (Zoˆl.), the missel thrush.

||Hol"mi*a (?), n. [NL.] (Chem.) An oxide of holmium.

||Hol"mi*um (?), n. [NL., of uncertain origin.] (Chem.) A rare element ||said to be contained in gadolinite. -- Hol"mic (#), a.

||Hol"mos (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.&?;.] (Greek & Etrus. Antiq.) A name ||given to a vase having a rounded body; esp.: (a) A closed vessel of ||nearly spherical form on a high stem or pedestal. Fairholt. (b) A ||drinking cup having a foot and stem.

Hol"o- (?). A combining form fr. Gr. "o`los whole.

Hol"o*blast (?), n. [Holo + - blast.] (Biol.) an ovum composed entirely of germinal matter. See Meroblast.

Hol`o*blas"tic (?), a. (Biol.) Undergoing complete segmentation; composed entirely of germinal matter, the whole of the yolk undergoing fission; -- opposed to meroblastic.

Hol"o*caust (?), n. [L. holocaustum, Gr. &?;, neut. of &?;, &?;, burnt whole; "o'los whole + kaysto`s burnt, fr. kai`ein to burn (cf. Caustic): cf. F. holocauste.] 1. A burnt sacrifice; an offering, the whole of which was consumed by fire, among the Jews and some pagan nations. Milton.

2. Sacrifice or loss of many lives, as by the burning of a theater or a ship. [An extended use not authorized by careful writers.]

||Hol`o*ceph"a*li (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. "o`los whole + kefalh` ||head.] (Zoˆl.) An order of elasmobranch fishes, including, among ||living species, only the chimÊras; -- called also Holocephala. See ||ChimÊra; also Illustration in Appendix.

Hol`o*cryp"tic (?), a. [Holo- + Gr. kry`ptein to conceal.] Wholly or completely concealing; incapable of being deciphered.

Holocryptic cipher, a cipher so constructed as to afford no clew to its meaning to one ignorant of the key.

Hol`o*crys"tal*line (?), a. [Holo + crystalline.] (Min.) Completely crystalline; -- said of a rock like granite, all the constituents of which are crystalline.

Hol"o*graph (?), n. [L. holographus entirely autograph, Gr. "olo`grafos; "o`los whole + gra`fein to write: cf. F. holographe, olographe.] A document, as a letter, deed, or will, wholly in the handwriting of the person from whom it proceeds and whose act it purports to be.

Hol`o*graph"ic (?), a. Of the nature of a holograph; pertaining to holographs.

Hol`o*he"dral (?), a. [Holo- + Gr. &?; seat, base, fr. &?; to sit.] (Crystallog.) Having all the planes required by complete symmetry, -- in opposition to hemihedral.

Hol`o*hem`i*he"dral (?), a. [Holo- + hemihedral.] (Crystallog.) Presenting hemihedral forms, in which all the sectants have halt the whole number of planes. Dana.

||Hol`o*me*tab"o*la (?), n. pl. [NL. See Holo-, and Metabola.] (Zoˆl.) ||Those insects which have a complete metamorphosis; metabola.

Hol`o*met`a*bol"ic (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having a complete metamorphosis; -- said of certain insects, as the butterflies and bees.

Ho*lom"e*ter (?), n. [Holo + -meter: cf. F. holometre.] An instrument for making all kinds of angular measurements.

Hol`o*phan"er*ous (?), a. [Holo + Gr. &?; visible, fr. &?; to appear.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Holometabolic.

Hol`o*pho"tal (?), a. [Holo + Gr. &?;, &?;, light.] (Opt.) Causing no loss of light; -- applied to reflectors which throw back the rays of light without perceptible loss.

Hol"o*phote (?), n. A lamp with lenses or reflectors to collect the rays of light and throw them in a given direction; -- used in lighthouses.

Hol`o*phras"tic (?), a. [Holo + Gr. &?; to speak: cf. F. holophrastique.] Expressing a phrase or sentence in a single word, -- as is the case in the aboriginal languages of America.

Hol`o*phyt"ic (?), a. [Holo + Gr.&?; a plant.] Wholly or distinctively vegetable.

Holophytic nutrition (&?;), that form of nutrition, characteristic of vegetable organisms, in which carbonic acid, ammonia, and nitrates are absorbed as food, in distinction from the animal mode of nutrition, by the ingestion of albuminous matter.

Hol`o*rhi"nal (?), a. [Holo + Gr.&?;, nose.] (Anat.) Having the nasal bones contiguous.

Hol`o*sid"er*ite (?), n. [Holo + siderite.] (Min.) Meteoric iron; a meteorite consisting of metallic iron without stony matter.

Ho*los"te*an (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the Holostei.

||Ho*los"te*i (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "o`los whole + &?; a bone.] ||(Zoˆl.) An extensive division of ganoids, including the gar pike, ||bowfin, etc.; the bony ganoids. See Illustration in Appendix.

Hol`o*ster"ic (?), a. [Holo + Gr.stereo`s solid.] Wholly solid; -- said of a barometer constructed of solid materials to show the variations of atmospheric pressure without the use of liquids, as the aneroid.

||Hol`o*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "o`los whole + sto`ma, ||-atos, mouth.] (Zoˆl.) An artificial division of gastropods, ||including those that have an entire aperture.

Ho*los"to*mate (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Same as Holostomatous.

Hol`o*stom"a*tous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having an entire aperture; -- said of many univalve shells.

Hol"o*stome (?), n. [Holo + Gr. sto`ma mouth.] (Zoˆl.) One of the Holostomata.

||Ho*los"tra*ca (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "o`los whole + &?; shell of a ||testacean.] (Zoˆl.) A division of phyllopod Crustacea, including ||those that are entirely covered by a bivalve shell.

Hol"o*thure (?), n. [L. holothuria, pl., a sort of water polyp, Gr. &?;.] (Zoˆl.) A holothurian.

Hol`o*thu"ri*an (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Belonging to the Holothurioidea. -- n. One of the Holothurioidea.

Some of the species of Holothurians are called sea cucumbers, sea slugs, trepang, and bÍche de mËr. Many are used as food, esp. by the Chinese. See Trepang.

||Hol`o*thu`ri*oi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Holothure, and -oid.] ||(Zoˆl.) One of the classes of echinoderms. They have a more or less ||elongated body, often flattened beneath, and a circle of tentacles, ||which are usually much branched, surrounding the mouth; the skin is ||more or less flexible, and usually contains calcareous plates of ||various characteristic forms, sometimes becoming large and scalelike. ||Most of the species have five bands (ambulacra) of sucker-bearing ||feet along the sides; in others these are lacking. In one group ||(Pneumonophora) two branching internal gills are developed; in ||another (Apneumona) these are wanting. Called also Holothurida, ||Holothuridea, and Holothuroidea.

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||||Ho*lot"ri*cha (h*lt"r*k), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "o`los whole + ||||qri`x, tricho`s, a hair.] (Zoˆl.) A group of ciliated Infusoria, ||||having cilia all over the body.

Hol"our (?), n. [OF. holier.] A whoremonger. [Obs.] Chaucer.

{ Holp (?), Hol"pen (?), } imp. & p. p. of Help. [Obs.] Shak.

Hol"som (?), a. Wholesome. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hol"ster (?), n. [D. holster; skin to AS. heolstor den, cave, fr. helan to conceal, and to Icel. hulstr case, Goth. hulistr covering, veil, huljan to cover. &radic;17. See Hele to cover, Hell, and cf. Housing, Houss.] A leather case for a pistol, carried by a horseman at the bow of his saddle.

Hol"stered (?), a. Bearing holsters. Byron.

Holt (?), 3d pers. sing. pres. of Hold, contr. from holdeth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Holt, n. [AS. holt; akin to LG. holt, D. hout, G. holz. Icel. holt; cf Gael. & Ir. coill wood, Gr. &?; branch, shoot.] 1. A piece of woodland; especially, a woody hill. "Every holt and heath." Chaucer.

She sent her voice though all the holt Before her, and the park.

Tennyson.

2. A deep hole in a river where there is protection for fish; also, a cover, a hole, or hiding place. " The fox has gone to holt." C. Kingsley.

Hol"we (?), a. Hollow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ho"ly (?), a. [Compar. Holier (?); superl. Holiest.] [OE. holi, hali, AS. hlig, fr. hÊl health, salvation, happiness, fr. hl whole, well; akin to OS. h&?;lag, D. & G. heilig, OHG. heilac, Dan. hellig, Sw. helig, Icel. heilagr. See Whole, and cf. Halibut, Halidom, Hallow, Hollyhock.] 1. Set apart to the service or worship of God; hallowed; sacred; reserved from profane or common use; holy vessels; a holy priesthood. "Holy rites and solemn feasts." Milton.

2. Spiritually whole or sound; of unimpaired innocence and virtue; free from sinful affections; pure in heart; godly; pious; irreproachable; guiltless; acceptable to God.

Now through her round of holy thought The Church our annual steps has brought.

Keble.

Holy Alliance (Hist.), a league ostensibly for conserving religion, justice, and peace in Europe, but really for repressing popular tendencies toward constitutional government, entered into by Alexander I. of Russia, Francis I. of Austria, and Frederic William III. of Prussia, at Paris, on the 26th of September, 1815, and subsequently joined by all the sovereigns of Europe, except the pope and the king of England. -- Holy bark. See Cascara sagrada. -- Holy Communion. See Eucharist. -- Holy family (Art), a picture in which the infant Christ, his parents, and others of his family are represented. - - Holy Father, a title of the pope. -- Holy Ghost (Theol.),the third person of the Trinity; the Comforter; the Paraclete. -- Holy Grail. See Grail. -- Holy grass (Bot.), a sweet-scented grass (Hierochloa borealis and H. alpina). In the north of Europe it was formerly strewed before church doors on saints' days; whence the name. It is common in the northern and western parts of the United States. Called also vanilla, or Seneca, grass. -- Holy Innocents' day, Childermas day. -- Holy Land, Palestine, the birthplace of Christianity. -- Holy office, the Inquisition. -- Holy of holies (Script.), the innermost apartment of the Jewish tabernacle or temple, where the ark was kept, and where no person entered, except the high priest once a year. -- Holy One. (a) The Supreme Being; -- so called by way of emphasis. " The Holy One of Israel." Is. xliii. 14. (b) One separated to the service of God. -- Holy orders. See Order. -- Holy rood, the cross or crucifix, particularly one placed, in churches. over the entrance to the chancel. -- Holy rope, a plant, the hemp agrimony. -- Holy Saturday (Eccl.), the Saturday immediately preceding the festival of Easter; the vigil of Easter. -- Holy Spirit, same as Holy Ghost (above). -- Holy Spirit plant. See Dove plant. -- Holy thistle (Bot.), the blessed thistle. See under Thistle. -- Holy Thursday. (Eccl.) (a) (Episcopal Ch.) Ascension day. (b) (R. C. Ch.) The Thursday in Holy Week; Maundy Thursday. -- Holy war, a crusade; an expedition carried on by Christians against the Saracens in the Holy Land, in the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries, for the possession of the holy places. -- Holy water (Gr. & R. C. Churches), water which has been blessed by the priest for sacred purposes. -- Holy-water stoup, the stone stoup or font placed near the entrance of a church, as a receptacle for holy water. -- Holy Week (Eccl.), the week before Easter, in which the passion of our Savior is commemorated. -- Holy writ, the sacred Scriptures. " Word of holy writ." Wordsworth.

Ho"ly cross" (?; 115). The cross as the symbol of Christ's crucifixion.

Congregation of the Holy Cross (R. C. Ch.), a community of lay brothers and priests, in France and the United States, engaged chiefly in teaching and manual Labor. Originally called Brethren of St. Joseph. The Sisters of the Holy Cross engage in similar work. Addis & Arnold. -- Holy-cross day, the fourteenth of September, observed as a church festival, in memory of the exaltation of our Savior's cross.

Ho"ly*day` (?), n. 1. A religious festival.

2. A secular festival; a holiday.

Holiday is the preferable and prevailing spelling in the second sense. The spelling holy day or holyday in often used in the first sense.

Ho"ly*stone` (?), n. (Naut.) A stone used by seamen for scrubbing the decks of ships. Totten.

Ho"ly*stone`, v. t. (Naut.) To scrub with a holystone, as the deck of a vessel.

Hom"a*canth (?), a. [Homo + Gr. &?; a spine.] (Zoˆl.) Having the dorsal fin spines symmetrical, and in the same line; -- said of certain fishes.

Hom"age (?), n. [OF. homage, homenage, F. hommage, LL. hominaticum, homenaticum, from L. homo a man, LL. also, a client, servant, vassal; akin to L. humus earth, Gr.&?; on the ground, and E. groom in bridegroom. Cf. Bridegroom, Human.] 1. (Feud. Law) A symbolical acknowledgment made by a feudal tenant to, and in the presence of, his lord, on receiving investiture of fee, or coming to it by succession, that he was his man, or vassal; profession of fealty to a sovereign.

2. Respect or reverential regard; deference; especially, respect paid by external action; obeisance.

All things in heaven and earth do her [Law] homage.

Hooker.

I sought no homage from the race that write.

Pope.

3. Reverence directed to the Supreme Being; reverential worship; devout affection. Chaucer.

Syn. -- Fealty; submission; reverence; honor; respect. -- Homage, Fealty. Homage was originally the act of a feudal tenant by which he declared himself, on his knees, to be the hommage or bondman of the lord; hence the term is used to denote reverential submission or respect. Fealty was originally the fidelity of such a tenant to his lord, and hence the term denotes a faithful and solemn adherence to the obligations we owe to superior power or authority. We pay our homage to men of preÎminent usefulness and virtue, and profess our fealty to the principles by which they have been guided.

Go, go with homage yon proud victors meet ! Go, lie like dogs beneath your masters' feet !

Dryden.

Man, disobeying, Disloyal, breaks his fealty, and sins Against the high supremacy of heaven.

Milton.

Hom"age, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Homaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Homaging.] [Cf. OF. hommager.] 1. To pay reverence to by external action. [R.]

2. To cause to pay homage. [Obs.] Cowley.

Hom"age*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. hommageable.] Subject to homage. Howell.

Hom"a*ger (?), n. [From Homage: cf. F. hommager.] One who does homage, or holds land of another by homage; a vassal. Bacon.

Hom`a*lo*graph"ic (?), a. Same as Homolographic.

{ Hom"a*loid (hm"*loid), Hom`a*loid"al (-loid"al), } a. [Gr. "omalo`s even + -oid.] (Geom.) Flat; even; -- a term applied to surfaces and to spaces, whether real or imagined, in which the definitions, axioms, and postulates of Euclid respecting parallel straight lines are assumed to hold true.

||Hom"a*rus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "omarh`s well adjusted.] (Zoˆl.) A ||genus of decapod Crustacea, including the common lobsters. -- ||Hom"a*roid (#), a.

Ho*mat"ro*pine (?), n. [Homo- + atropine.] (Med.) An alkaloid, prepared from atropine, and from other sources. It is chemically related to atropine, and is used for the same purpose.

Hom`ax*o"ni*al (?), a. [Homo- + Gr. &?; an axle, axis.] (Biol.) Relating to that kind of homology or symmetry, the mathematical conception of organic form, in which all axes are equal. See under Promorphology.

Home (hm), n. (Zoˆl.) See Homelyn.

Home (110), [OE. hom, ham, AS. hm; akin to OS. hm, D. & G. heim, Sw. hem, Dan. hiem, Icel. heimr abode, world, heima home, Goth. haims village, Lith. kÎmas, and perh. to Gr. kw`mh village, or to E. hind a peasant; cf. Skr.kshma abode, place of rest, security, kshi to dwell. &radic;20, 220.] 1. One's own dwelling place; the house in which one lives; esp., the house in which one lives with his family; the habitual abode of one's family; also, one's birthplace.

The disciples went away again to their own home.

John xx. 10.

Home is the sacred refuge of our life.

Dryden.

Home! home! sweet, sweet home! There's no place like home.

Payne.

2. One's native land; the place or country in which one dwells; the place where one's ancestors dwell or dwelt. "Our old home [England]." Hawthorne.

3. The abiding place of the affections, especially of the domestic affections.

He entered in his house -- his home no more, For without hearts there is no home.

Byron.

4. The locality where a thing is usually found, or was first found, or where it is naturally abundant; habitat; seat; as, the home of the pine.

Her eyes are homes of silent prayer.

Tennyson.

Flandria, by plenty made the home of war.

Prior.

5. A place of refuge and rest; an asylum; as, a home for outcasts; a home for the blind; hence, esp., the grave; the final rest; also, the native and eternal dwelling place of the soul.

Man goeth to his long home, and the mourners go about the streets.

Eccl. xii. 5.

6. (Baseball) The home base; he started for home.

At home.(a) At one's own house, or lodgings. (b) In one's own town or country; as, peace abroad and at home. (c) Prepared to receive callers. -- Home department, the department of executive administration, by which the internal affairs of a country are managed. [Eng.] To be at home on any subject, to be conversant or familiar with it. -- To feel at home, to be at one's ease. -- To make one's self at home, to conduct one's self with as much freedom as if at home.

Syn. -- Tenement; house; dwelling; abode; domicile.

Home (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to one's dwelling or country; domestic; not foreign; as home manufactures; home comforts.

2. Close; personal; pointed; as, a home thrust.

Home base (Baseball), the base at which the batsman stands and which is the last goal in making a run. -- Home farm, grounds, etc., the farm, grounds, etc., adjacent to the residence of the owner. -- Home lot, an inclosed plot on which the owner's home stands. [U. S.] -- Home rule, rule or government of an appendent or dependent country, as to all local and internal legislation, by means of a governing power vested in the people within the country itself, in contradistinction to a government established by the dominant country; as, home rule in Ireland. Also used adjectively; as, home-rule members of Parliament. -- Home ruler, one who favors or advocates home rule. -- Home run (Baseball), a complete circuit of the bases made before the batted ball is returned to the home base. -- Home stretch (Sport.), that part of a race course between the last curve and the winning post. -- Home thrust, a well directed or effective thrust; one that wounds in a vital part; hence, in controversy, a personal attack.

Home, adv. 1. To one's home or country; as in the phrases, go home, come home, carry home.

2. Close; closely.

How home the charge reaches us, has been made out.

South.

They come home to men's business and bosoms.

Bacon.

3. To the place where it belongs; to the end of a course; to the full length; as, to drive a nail home; to ram a cartridge home.

Wear thy good rapier bare and put it home.

Shak.

Home is often used in the formation of compound words, many of which need no special definition; as, home- brewed, home-built, home-grown, etc.

To bring home. See under Bring. -- To come home.(a) To touch or affect personally. See under Come. (b) (Naut.) To drag toward the vessel, instead of holding firm, as the cable is shortened; -- said of an anchor. -- To haul home the sheets of a sail (Naut.), to haul the clews close to the sheave hole. Totten.

Home"born` (hm"bÙrn`), a. 1. Native; indigenous; not foreign. Donne. Pope.

2. Of or pertaining to the home or family.

Fireside enjoyments, homeborn happiness.

Cowper.

Home"-bound` (?), a. Kept at home.

Home"-bred` (?), a. 1. Bred at home; domestic; not foreign. " Home-bred mischief." Milton.

Benignity and home-bred sense.

Wordsworth.

2. Not polished; rude; uncultivated.

Only to me home-bred youths belong.

Dryden.

Home"-com`ing (?), n. Return home.

Kepeth this child, al be it foul or fayr, And eek my wyf, unto myn hoom-cominge.

Chaucer.

Home"-driv`en (?), a. Driven to the end, as a nail; driven close.

Home"-dwell`ing (?), a. Keeping at home.

Home"-felt` (-flt`), a. Felt in one's own breast; inward; private. "Home- felt quiet." Pope.

Home"field` (-fld`), n. A field adjacent to its owner's home. Hawthorne.

Home"-keep`ing (-kp`ng), a. Staying at home; not gadding.

Home-keeping youth have ever homely wits.

Shak.

Home"-keep`ing, n. A staying at home.

Home"less, a. [AS. hmleas.] Destitute of a home.

-- Home"less*ness, n.

Home"like` (?), a. Like a home; comfortable; cheerful; cozy; friendly.

Home"li*ly (?), adv. Plainly; inelegantly. [R.]

Home"li*ness, n. [From Homely.] 1. Domesticity; care of home. [Obs.] "Wifely homeliness." Chaucer.

2. Familiarity; intimacy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. Plainness; want of elegance or beauty.

4. Coarseness; simplicity; want of refinement; as, the homeliness of manners, or language. Addison.

Home"ling (?), n. A person or thing belonging to a home or to a particular country; a native; as, a word which is a homeling. Trench.

Home"ly, a. [Compar. Homelier (?); superl. Homeliest.] [From Home, n.] 1. Belonging to, or having the characteristics of, home; domestic; familiar; intimate. [Archaic]

With all these men I was right homely, and communed with, them long and oft.

Foxe.

Their homely joys, and destiny obscure.

Gray.

2. Plain; unpretending; rude in appearance; unpolished; as, a homely garment; a homely house; homely fare; homely manners.

Now Strephon daily entertains His Chloe in the homeliest strains.

Pope.

3. Of plain or coarse features; uncomely; -- contrary to handsome.

None so homely but loves a looking- glass.

South.

Home"ly, adv. Plainly; rudely; coarsely; as, homely dressed. [R.] Spenser.

Home"lyn (?), n. [Scot. hommelin.] (Zoˆl) The European sand ray (Raia maculata); -- called also home, mirror ray, and rough ray.

Home"made` (?), a. Made at home; of domestic manufacture; made either in a private family or in one's own country. Locke.

Ho"me*o*path (?), n. [Cf. F. homÈopathe.] A practitioner of homeopathy. [Written also homúopath.]

<! p. 701 !>

Ho`me*o*path"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. homÈopathique.] Of or pertaining to homeopathy; according to the principles of homeopathy. [Also homúpathic.]

Ho`me*o*path"ic*al*ly (?), adv. According to the practice of homeopathy. [Also homúopathically.]

Ho`me*op"a*thist (?), n. A believer in, or practitioner of, homeopathy. [Written also homúopathist.]

Ho*me*op"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. &?; likeness of condition or feeling; &?; like (fr. &?; same; cf. Same) + &?; to suffer: cf. F. homÈopathie. See Pathos.] (Med.) The art of curing, founded on resemblances; the theory and its practice that disease is cured (tuto, cito, et jucunde) by remedies which produce on a healthy person effects similar to the symptoms of the complaint under which the patient suffers, the remedies being usually administered in minute doses. This system was founded by Dr. Samuel Hahnemann, and is opposed to allopathy, or heteropathy. [Written also homúopathy.]

Hom"er (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A carrier pigeon remarkable for its ability to return home from a distance.

Ho"mer (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Hoemother.

Ho"mer, n. [Heb. khmer.] A Hebrew measure containing, as a liquid measure, ten baths, equivalent to fifty-five gallons, two quarts, one pint; and, as a dry measure, ten ephahs, equivalent to six bushels, two pecks, four quarts. [Written also chomer, gomer.]

Ho*mer"ic (?), a. [L. Homericus, Gr. "Omhriko`s.] Of or pertaining to Homer, the most famous of Greek poets; resembling the poetry of Homer.

Homeric verse, hexameter verse; -- so called because used by Homer in his epics.

Home"sick` (?), a. Pining for home; in a nostalgic condition. -- Home"sick`ness, n.

Home"-speak`ing (?), n. Direct, forcible, and effective speaking. Milton.

Home"spun (?), a. 1. Spun or wrought at home; of domestic manufacture; coarse; plain. "Homespun country garbs." W. Irving.

2. Plain in manner or style; not elegant; rude; coarse. "Our homespun English proverb." Dryden. "Our homespun authors." Addison.

Home"spun, n. 1. Cloth made at home; as, he was dressed in homespun.

2. An unpolished, rustic person. [Obs.] Shak.

Home"stall` (?), n. [AS. hmsteall.] Place of a home; homestead. Cowper.

Home"stead (?), n. [AS. hmstede.] 1. The home place; a home and the inclosure or ground immediately connected with it. Dryden.

2. The home or seat of a family; place of origin.

We can trace them back to a homestead on the Rivers Volga and Ural.

W. Tooke.

3. (Law) The home and appurtenant land and buildings owned by the head of a family, and occupied by him and his family.

Homestead law. (a) A law conferring special privileges or exemptions upon owners of homesteads; esp., a law exempting a homestead from attachment or sale under execution for general debts. Such laws, with limitations as to the extent or value of the property, exist in most of the States. Called also homestead exemption law. (b) Also, a designation of an Act of Congress authorizing and regulating the sale of public lands, in parcels of 160 acres each, to actual settlers. [U.S.]

Home"stead*er (?), n. One who has entered upon a portion of the public land with the purpose of acquiring ownership of it under provisions of the homestead law, so called; one who has acquired a homestead in this manner. [Local, U.S.]

Home"ward (?), a. Being in the direction of home; as, the homeward way.

{ Home"ward (?), Home"wards (?), } adv. [AS. hmweard.] Toward home; in the direction of one's house, town, or country.

Homeward bound, bound for home; going homeward; as, the homeward bound fleet.

Hom"i*ci`dal (?), a. Pertaining to homicide; tending to homicide; murderous.

Hom"i*cide (?), n. [F., fr. L. homicidium, fr. homicida a man slayer; homo man + caedere to cut, kill. See Homage, and cf. Concise, Shed, v. t.] 1. The killing of one human being by another.

Homicide is of three kinds: justifiable, as when the killing is performed in the exercise of a right or performance of a duty; excusable, as when done, although not as duty or right, yet without culpable or criminal intent; and felonious, or involving what the law terms malice; the latter may be either manslaughter or murder. Bouvier.

2. One who kills another; a manslayer. Chaucer. Shak.

Hom"i*form (?), a. [L. homo man + -form.] In human form. [Obs.] Cudworth.

Hom"i*lete (?), n. A homilist.

{ Hom`i*let"ic (?), Hom`i*let"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. homilÈtique. See Homily.] 1. Of or pertaining to familiar intercourse; social; affable; conversable; companionable. [R.]

His virtues active, chiefly, and homiletical, not those lazy, sullen ones of the cloister.

Atterbury.

2. Of or pertaining to homiletics; hortatory.

Hom`i*let"ics (?), n. [Cf. F. homilÈtique.] The art of preaching; that branch of theology which treats of homilies or sermons, and the best method of preparing and delivering them.

Hom"i*list (?), n. One who prepares homilies; one who preaches to a congregation.

Hom"i*lite (?), n. [From Gr. &?; to be in company with.] (Min.) A borosilicate of iron and lime, near datolite in form and composition.

Hom"i*ly (?), n.; pl. Homilies (#). [LL. homilia, Gr. &?; communion, assembly, converse, sermon, fr. &?; an assembly, fr. &?; same; cf. &?; together, and &?; crowd, cf. &?; to press: cf. F. homÈlie. See Same.] 1. A discourse or sermon read or pronounced to an audience; a serious discourse. Shak.

2. A serious or tedious exhortation in private on some moral point, or on the conduct of life.

As I have heard my father Deal out in his long homilies.

Byron.

Book of Homilies. A collection of authorized, printed sermons, to be read by ministers in churches, esp. one issued in the time of Edward VI., and a second, issued in the reign of Elizabeth; -- both books being certified to contain a "godly and wholesome doctrine."

Hom"ing (?), a. Home-returning; -- used specifically of carrier pigeons.

Hom"i*ny (?), n. [From North American Indian auh˙minea parched corn.] Maize hulled and broken, and prepared for food by being boiled in water. [U.S.] [Written also homony.]

Hom"ish (?), a. Like a home or a home circle.

Quiet, cheerful, homish hospital life.

E. E. Hale.

Hom"mock (?), n. A small eminence of a conical form, of land or of ice; a knoll; a hillock. See Hummock. Bartram.

Hom"mock*y (?), a. Filled with hommocks; piled in the form of hommocks; -- said of ice.

Ho"mo- (?). A combining form from Gr. "omo`s, one and the same, common, joint.

Ho`mo*cat`e*gor"ic (?), a. [Homo- + categoric.] (Biol.) Belonging to the same category of individuality; -- a morphological term applied to organisms so related.

Ho`mo*cen"tric (?), a. [Gr. &?;: &?; the same + &?; center: cf. F. homocentrique.] Having the same center.

Ho`mo*cer"cal (?), a. [Homo- + Gr. &?; tail.] (Zoˆl.) Having the tail nearly or quite symmetrical, the vertebral column terminating near its base; -- opposed to heterocercal.

Ho"mo*cer`cy (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The possession of a homocercal tail.

Ho`mo*cer`e*brin (?), n. [Homo- + rebrin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A body similar to, or identical with, cerebrin.

Ho`mo*chro"mous (?), a. [Homo- + Gr. &?; color.] (Bot.) Having all the florets in the same flower head of the same color.

Ho`mo*dem"ic (?), a. [Homo- + 1st deme, 2.] (Biol.) A morphological term signifying development, in the case of multicellular organisms, from the same unit deme or unit of the inferior orders of individuality.

Ho`mo*der"mic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to homodermy; originating from the same germ layer.

Ho"mo*der`my (?), n. [Homo- + -derm.] (Biol.) Homology of the germinal layers.

Hom"o*dont (?), a. [Homo- + Gr. &?;, &?;, a tooth.] (Anat.) Having all the teeth similar in front, as in the porpoises; -- opposed to heterodont.

{ Ho*mod"ro*mal (?), Ho*mod"ro*mous (?), } a. [Homo- + Gr. &?; a course, running.] 1. (Bot.) Running in the same direction; -- said of stems twining round a support, or of the spiral succession of leaves on stems and their branches.

2. (Mech.) Moving in the same direction; -- said of a lever or pulley in which the resistance and the actuating force are both on the same side of the fulcrum or axis.

Ho`mo*dy*nam"ic (?), a. Homodynamous. Quain.

Ho`mo*dy"na*mous (?), a. (Biol.) Pertaining to, or involving, homodynamy; as, successive or homodynamous parts in plants and animals.

Ho`mo*dy"na*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; of like power; &?; the same + &?; power.] (Biol.) The homology of metameres. See Metamere. Gegenbaur.

||Ho`mú*o*me"ri*a (?), n. [L., from Gr. &?;; &?; like + &?; part.] The ||state or quality of being homogeneous in elements or first ||principles; likeness or identity of parts.

{ Ho`mú*o*mer"ic (?), Ho`mú*o*mer"ic*al (?), } a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, sameness of parts; receiving or advocating the doctrine of homogeneity of elements or first principles.

Ho`mú*om"er*ous (?), a. (Anat.) Having the main artery of the leg parallel with the sciatic nerve; -- said of certain birds.

Ho`mú*om"e*ry (?), n. [Gr. &?; like + -metry.] Same as Homúomeria. [Obs.] Cudworth.

Ho`mú*o*mor"phism (?), n. [See Homúomorphous.] A near similarity of crystalline forms between unlike chemical compounds. See Isomorphism.

Ho`mú*o*mor"phous (?), a. [Gr. &?; of like form; &?; like + &?; form.] Manifesting homúomorphism.

Ho`mú*o*path"ic, a., Ho`mú*op"a*thist, n., Ho`mú*op"a*thy, n. Same as Homeopathic, Homeopathist, Homeopathy.

Ho`mú*o*ther"mal (?), a. See Homoiothermal.

Ho`mú*o*zo"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; like + &?; life.] (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to, or including, similar forms or kinds of life; as, homúozoic belts on the earth's surface. E. Forbes.

Ho*mog"a*mous (?), a. [Gr. &?; married together; &?; the same + &?; marriage.] (Bot.) Having all the flowers alike; -- said of such composite plants as Eupatorium, and the thistels.

Ho*mog"a*my (?), n. (Bot.) The condition of being homogamous.

Ho`mo*gan"gli*ate (?), a. [Homo- + gangliate.] (Zoˆl.) Having the ganglia of the nervous system symmetrically arranged, as in certain invertebrates; -- opposed to heterogangliate.

Ho"mo*gene (?), a. [Cf. F. homogËne.] Homogeneous. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Ho`mo*ge"ne*al (?), a. Homogeneous.

Ho`mo*ge"ne*al*ness, n. Homogeneousness.

Ho`mo*ge*ne"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. homogÈnÈitÈ.] Same as Homogeneousness.

Ho`mo*ge"ne*ous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?; the same + &?; race, kind: cf. F. homogËne. See Same, and Kin.] 1. Of the same kind of nature; consisting of similar parts, or of elements of the like nature; -- opposed to heterogeneous; as, homogeneous particles, elements, or principles; homogeneous bodies.

2. (Alg.) Possessing the same number of factors of a given kind; as, a homogeneous polynomial.

Ho`mo*ge"ne*ous*ness, n. Sameness 9kind or nature; uniformity of structure or material.

Ho`mo*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Homo- + genesis.] (Biol.) That method of reproduction in which the successive generations are alike, the offspring, either animal or plant, running through the same cycle of existence as the parent; gamogenesis; -- opposed to heterogenesis.

Ho`mo*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Homogenous; -- applied to that class of homologies which arise from similarity of structure, and which are taken as evidences of common ancestry.

Ho*mog"e*nous (?), a. (Biol.) Having a resemblance in structure, due to descent from a common progenitor with subsequent modification; homogenetic; -- applied both to animals and plants. See Homoplastic.

Ho*mog"e*ny (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; the same + &?; race, kind.] 1. Joint nature. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. (Biol.) The correspondence of common descent; -- a term used to supersede homology by Lankester, who also used homoplasy to denote any superinduced correspondence of position and structure in parts embryonically distinct (other writers using the term homoplasmy). Thus, there is homogeny between the fore limb of a mammal and the wing of a bird; but the right and left ventricles of the heart in both are only in homoplasy with each other, these having arisen independently since the divergence of both groups from a univentricular ancestor.

Ho*mog"o*nous, a. [Gr. &?;. See Homogeneous.] (Bot.) Having all the flowers of a plant alike in respect to the stamens and pistils.

Ho*mog"o*ny (?), n. (Bot.) The condition of having homogonous flowers.

Hom"o*graph (?), n. [Gr. "omo`grafos with the same letters; "omo`s the same + gra`fein to write.] (Philol.) One of two or more words identical in orthography, but having different derivations and meanings; as, fair, n., a market, and fair, a., beautiful.

Ho`mo*graph"ic (?), a. 1. Employing a single and separate character to represent each sound; -- said of certain methods of spelling words.

2. (Geom.) Possessing the property of homography.

Ho*mog"ra*phy (?), n. 1. That method of spelling in which every sound is represented by a single character, which indicates that sound and no other.

2. (Geom.) A relation between two figures, such that to any point of the one corresponds one and but one point in the other, and vise versa. Thus, a tangent line rolling on a circle cuts two fixed tangents of the circle in two sets of points that are homographic.

||Ho*moi`op*to"ton (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; in a like case; &?; like + ||&?; falling.] (Rhet.) A figure in which the several parts of a ||sentence end with the same case, or inflection generally.

Ho*moi`o*ther"mal (?), a. [Gr. &?; like + E. thermal.] (Physiol.) Maintaining a uniform temperature; hÊmatothermal; homothermic; -- applied to warm- bodied animals, because they maintain a nearly uniform temperature in spite of the great variations in the surrounding air; in distinct from the cold-blooded (poikilothermal) animals, whose body temperature follows the variations in temperature of the surrounding medium.

Ho`moi*ou"si*an (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, of like substance; "o`moios + o'ysi`a the substance, being, essence.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of the semi-Arians of the 4th century, who held that the Son was of like, but not the same, essence or substance with the Father; -- opposed to homoousian.

Ho`moi*ou"si*an, a. Of or pertaining to Homoiousians, or their belief.

Ho*mol"o*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Homologated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Homologating.] [LL. homologatus, p. p. of homologare to homologate; Gr. &?; to assent, agree. See Homologous.] (Civ. Law) To approve; to allow; to confirm; as, the court homologates a proceeding. Wheaton.

Ho*mol`o*ga"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. homologation.] (Civ. & Scots Law) Confirmation or ratification (as of something otherwise null and void), by a court or a grantor.

Ho`mo*log"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to homology; having a structural affinity proceeding from, or base upon, that kind of relation termed homology. -- Ho`mo*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Ho*mol`o*gin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or characterized by, homology; as, homologinic qualities, or differences.

Ho*mol"o*gize (?), v. t. (Biol.) To determine the homologies or structural relations of.

||Ho*mol"o*gon (?), n. [NL.] See Homologue.

||Hom`o*lo*gou"me*na (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; things conceded, p. ||p. of &?; to agree, admit, concede. See Homologous.] Those books of ||the New Testament which were acknowledged as canonical by the early ||church; -- distinguished from antilegomena.

Ho*mol"o*gous (?), a. [Gr. &?; assenting, agreeing; &?; the same + &?; speech, discourse, proportion, &?; to say, speak.] Having the same relative position, proportion, value, or structure. Especially: (a) (Geom.) Corresponding in relative position and proportion.

In similar polygons, the corresponding sides, angles, diagonals, etc., are homologous.

Davies & Peck (Math. Dict.).

(b) (Alg.) Having the same relative proportion or value, as the two antecedents or the two consequents of a proportion. (c) (Chem.) Characterized by homology; belonging to the same type or series; corresponding in composition and properties. See Homology, 3. (d) (Biol.) Being of the same typical structure; having like relations to a fundamental type to structure; as, those bones in the hand of man and the fore foot of a horse are homologous that correspond in their structural relations, that is, in their relations to the type structure of the fore limb in vertebrates.

Homologous stimulus. (Physiol.) See under Stimulus.

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Hom`o*lo*graph"ic (?), a. [Homo- + Gr. "o`los whole + -graph + -ic; but cf. F. homalographique, Gr. &?; even, level.] Preserving the mutual relations of parts, especially as to size and form; maintaining relative proportion.

Homolographic projection, a method of constructing geographical charts or maps, so that the surfaces, as delineated on a plane, have the same relative size as the real surfaces; that is, so that the relative actual areas of the different countries are accurately represented by the corresponding portions of the map.

Hom"o*logue (?), n. [Cf. F. homologue. See Homologous.] That which is homologous to something else; as, the corresponding sides, etc., of similar polygons are the homologues of each other; the members or terms of an homologous series in chemistry are the homologues of each other; one of the bones in the hand of man is the homologue of that in the paddle of a whale.

Ho*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; agreement. See Homologous.] 1. The quality of being homologous; correspondence; relation; as, the homologyof similar polygons.

2. (Biol.) Correspondence or relation in type of structure in contradistinction to similarity of function; as, the relation in structure between the leg and arm of a man; or that between the arm of a man, the fore leg of a horse, the wing of a bird, and the fin of a fish, all these organs being modifications of one type of structure.

Homology indicates genetic relationship, and according to Haeckel special homology should be defined in terms of identity of embryonic origin. See Homotypy, and Homogeny.

3. (Chem.) The correspondence or resemblance of substances belonging to the same type or series; a similarity of composition varying by a small, regular difference, and usually attended by a regular variation in physical properties; as, there is an homology between methane, CH4, ethane, C2H6, propane, C3H8, etc., all members of the paraffin series. In an extended sense, the term is applied to the relation between chemical elements of the same group; as, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are said to be in homology with each other. Cf. Heterology.

General homology (Biol.), the higher relation which a series of parts, or a single part, bears to the fundamental or general type on which the group is constituted. Owen. -- Serial homology (Biol.), representative or repetitive relation in the segments of the same organism, -- as in the lobster, where the parts follow each other in a straight line or series. Owen. See Homotypy. -- Special homology (Biol.), the correspondence of a part or organ with those of a different animal, as determined by relative position and connection. Owen.

Ho*mom"al*lous (?), a. [Homo- + Gr. &?; a lock of wool.] (Bot.) Uniformly bending or curving to one side; -- said of leaves which grow on several sides of a stem.

{ Ho`mo*mor"phic (?), Ho`mo*mor"phous (?), } a. [Gr. &?; the same + &?; shape.] Characterized by homomorphism.

Ho`mo*mor"phism (?), n. [See Homomorphous.] 1. (Biol.) Same as Homomorphy.

2. (Bot.) The possession, in one species of plants, of only one kind of flowers; -- opposed to heteromorphism, dimorphism, and trimorphism.

3. (Zoˆl.) The possession of but one kind of larvÊ or young, as in most insects.

Ho"mo*mor`phy (?), n. [Homo- + Gr. &?; form.] (Biol.) Similarity of form; resemblance in external characters, while widely different in fundamental structure; resemblance in geometric ground form. See Homophyly, Promorphology.

Ho*mon"o*mous (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to homonomy.

Ho*mon"o*my (?), n. [Homo- + Gr. &?; law.] (Biol.) The homology of parts arranged on transverse axes. Haeckel.

Hom"o*nym (?), n. [Cf. F. homonyme. See Homonymous.] A word having the same sound as another, but differing from it in meaning; as the noun bear and the verb bear. [Written also homonyme.]

Ho*mon"y*mous (?), a. [L. homonymus, Gr. &?;; &?; the same + &?;, for &?; name; akin to E. name.] 1. Having the same name or designation; standing in the same relation; -- opposed to heteronymous.

2. Having the same name or designation, but different meaning or relation; hence, equivocal; ambiguous.

Ho*mon"y*mous*ly, adv. 1. In an homonymous manner; so as to have the same name or relation.

2. Equivocally; ambiguously.

Ho*mon"y*my (?), n. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. homonymie.] 1. Sameness of name or designation; identity in relations. Holland.

Homonymy may be as well in place as in persons.

Fuller.

2. Sameness of name or designation of things or persons which are different; ambiguity.

Ho`mo*ˆr"gan (?). [Homo- + organ.] Same as Homoplast.

Ho`mo*ou"si*an (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; the same + &?; being, essence, substance.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of those, in the 4th century, who accepted the Nicene creed, and maintained that the Son had the same essence or substance with the Father; -- opposed to homoiousian.

Ho`mo*ou"si*an, a. Of or pertaining to the Homoousians, or to the doctrines they held.

Hom"o*phone (?), n. [Cf. F. homophone. See Homophonous.] 1. A letter or character which expresses a like sound with another. Gliddon.

2. A word having the same sound as another, but differing from it in meaning and usually in spelling; as, all and awl; bare and bear; rite, write, right, and wright.

{ Ho`mo*phon"ic (?), Ho*moph"o*nous (?), } a. [Gr. &?;; &?; the same + &?; sound, tone: cf. F. homophone.] 1. (Mus.) (a) Originally, sounding alike; of the same pitch; unisonous; monodic. (b) Now used for plain harmony, note against note, as opposed to polyphonic harmony, in which the several parts move independently, each with its own melody.

2. Expressing the same sound by a different combination of letters; as, bay and bey.

Ho*moph"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. homophonie.] 1. Sameness of sound.

2. (Mus.) (a) Sameness of sound; unison. (b) Plain harmony, as opposed to polyphony. See Homophonous.

Ho`mo*phyl"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to homophily.

Ho*moph"y*ly (?), n. [Homo- + Gr. &?; a clan.] (Biol.) That form of homology due to common ancestry (phylogenetic homology), in opposition to homomorphy, to which genealogic basis is wanting. Haeckel.

Ho"mo*plas`my (?), n. [Homo- + Gr. &?; anything formed, fr. &?; to form, mold.] (Biol.) Resemblance between different plants or animals, in external shape, in general habit, or in organs, which is not due to descent from a common ancestor, but to similar surrounding circumstances.

Hom"o*plast (?), n. (Biol.) One of the plastids composing the idorgan of Haeckel; -- also called homoˆrgan.

Ho`mo*plas"tic (?), a. [Homo- + plastic.] Of or pertaining to homoplasty; as, homoplasticorgans; homoplastic forms.

Ho"mo*plas`ty (?), n. [Homo- + plasty.] (Biol.) The formation of homologous tissues.

Ho*mop"la*sy (?), n. [Homo- + Gr. &?; to form, mold.] (Biol.) See Homogeny.

Ho`mo*pol"ic (?), a. [Homo- + pole.] (Biol.) In promorphology, pertaining to or exhibiting that kind of organic form, in which the stereometric ground form is a pyramid, with similar poles. See Promorphology.

Ho*mop"ter (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Homoptera.

||Ho*mop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the same, like + &?; ||wing.] (Zoˆl.) A suborder of Hemiptera, in which both pairs of wings ||are similar in texture, and do not overlap when folded, as in the ||cicada. See Hemiptera.

Ho*mop"ter*an (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An homopter.

Ho*mop"ter*ous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Homoptera.

Ho"mo*styled (?), a. [Homo- + style.] (Bot.) Having only one form of pistils; -- said of the flowers of some plants. Darwin.

Ho`mo*sys*tem"ic (?), a. [Homo- + systemic.] (Biol.) Developing, in the case of multicellular organisms, from the same embryonic systems into which the secondary unit (gastrula or plant enbryo) differentiates.

||Ho`mo*tax"i*a (?), n. [NL.] Same as Homotaxis.

{ Ho`mo*tax"i*al (?), Ho`mo*tax"ic (?), } a. (Biol.) Relating to homotaxis.

||Ho`mo*tax"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the same + &?; arrangement.] ||(Biol.) Similarly in arrangement of parts; -- the opposite of ||heterotaxy.

Ho"mo*tax`y (?), n. Same as Homotaxis.

{ Ho`mo*ther"mic (?), Ho`mo*ther"mous (?), } a. [Homo- + Gr. &?; heat.] (Physiol.) Warm-blooded; homoiothermal; hÊmatothermal.

Ho*mot"o*nous (?), a. [L. homotonus, Gr. &?;; &?; the same + &?; tone.] Of the same tenor or tone; equable; without variation.

{ Ho*mot"ro*pal (?), Ho*mot"ro*pous (?), } a. [Gr. &?;; &?; the same + &?; turn, fr. &?; to turn: cf. F. homotrope.] 1. Turned in the same direction with something else.

2. (Bot.) Having the radicle of the seed directed towards the hilum.

Ho"mo*ty`pal (?), a. (Biol.) Of the same type of structure; pertaining to a homotype; as, homotypal parts.

Hom"o*type (?), n. [Homo- + - type.] (Biol.) That which has the same fundamental type of structure with something else; thus, the right arm is the homotype of the right leg; one arm is the homotype of the other, etc. Owen.

{ Ho`mo*typ"ic (?), Ho`mo*typ"ic*al (?), } a. (Biol.) Same as Homotypal.

Ho"mo*ty`py (?), n. [See Homotype.] (Biol.) A term suggested by Haeckel to be instead of serial homology. See Homotype.

||Ho*mun"cu*lus (?), n.; pl. Homunculi (#). [L., dim. of homo man.] A ||little man; a dwarf; a manikin. Sterne.

Hond (?), n. Hand. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hone (?), v. i. [Etymology uncertain. &radic;37.] To pine; to lament; to long. Lamb.

Hone, n. [Cf. Icel. hn a knob.] A kind of swelling in the cheek.

Hone, n. [AS. hn; akin to Icel. hein, OSw. hen; cf. Skr. Áa, also Á, Ái, to sharpen, and E. cone. &radic;38, 228.] A stone of a fine grit, or a slab, as of metal, covered with an abrading substance or powder, used for sharpening cutting instruments, and especially for setting razors; an oilstone. Tusser.

Hone slateSee Polishing slate. - - Hone stone, one of several kinds of stone used for hones. See Novaculite.

Hone, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Honed (hnd); p]. pr. & vb. n. Honing.] To sharpen on, or with, a hone; to rub on a hone in order to sharpen; as, to hone a razor.

Hon"est (?), a. [OE. honest, onest, OF. honeste, oneste, F. honnÍte, L. honestus, fr. honos, honor, honor. See Honor.] 1. Decent; honorable; suitable; becoming. Chaucer.

Belong what honest clothes you send forth to bleaching!

Shak.

2. Characterized by integrity or fairness and straight&?;forwardness in conduct, thought, speech, etc.; upright; just; equitable; trustworthy; truthful; sincere; free from fraud, guile, or duplicity; not false; -- said of persons and acts, and of things to which a moral quality is imputed; as, an honest judge or merchant; an honest statement; an honest bargain; an honest business; an honest book; an honest confession.

An honest man's the noblest work of God.

Pope.

An honest physician leaves his patient when he can contribute no farther to his health.

Sir W. Temple.

Look ye out among you seven men of honest report.

Acts vi. 3.

Provide things honest in the sight of all men.

Rom. xii. 17.

3. Open; frank; as, an honest countenance.

4. Chaste; faithful; virtuous.

Wives may be merry, and yet honest too.

Shak.

Syn. -- Upright; ingenuous; honorable; trusty; faithful; equitable; fair; just; rightful; sincere; frank; candid; genuine.

Hon"est, v. t. [L. honestare to clothe or adorn with honor: cf. F. honester. See Honest, a.] To adorn; to grace; to honor; to make becoming, appropriate, or honorable. [Obs.] Abp. Sandys.

Hon`es*ta"tion (?), n. The act of honesting; grace; adornment. [Obs.] W. Montagu.

Ho*nes"te*tee (?), n. Honesty; honorableness. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hon"est*ly (?), adv. 1. Honorably; becomingly; decently. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. In an honest manner; as, a contract honestly made; to live honestly; to speak honestly. Shak.

To come honestly by. (a) To get honestly. (b) A circumlocution for to inherit; as, to come honestly by a feature, a mental trait, a peculiarity.

Hon"es*ty (?), n. [OE. honeste, oneste, honor, OF. honestÈ, onestÈ (cf. F. honnÍtetÈ), L. honestas. See Honest, a.] 1. Honor; honorableness; dignity; propriety; suitableness; decency. [Obs.] Chaucer.

She derives her honesty and achieves her goodness.

Shak.

2. The quality or state of being honest; probity; fairness and straightforwardness of conduct, speech, etc.; integrity; sincerity; truthfulness; freedom from fraud or guile.

That we may lead a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and honesty.

1 Tim. ii. 2.

3. Chastity; modesty. Chaucer.

To lay . . . siege to the honesty of this Ford's wife.

Shak.

4. (Bot.) Satin flower; the name of two cruciferous herbs having large flat pods, the round shining partitions of which are more beautiful than the blossom; -- called also lunary and moonwort. Lunaria biennis is common honesty; L. rediva is perennial honesty.

Syn. -- Integrity; probity; uprightness; trustiness; faithfulness; honor; justice; equity; fairness; candor; plain- dealing; veracity; sincerity.

Hone"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant of the genus Sison (S. Amomum); -- so called because used to cure a swelling called a hone.

Hon"ey (?), n. [OE. honi, huni, AS. hunig; akin to OS. honeg, D. & G. honig, OHG. honag, honang, Icel. hunang, Sw. hÂning, Dan. honning, cf. Gr. &?; dust, Skr. kaa grain.] 1. A sweet viscid fluid, esp. that collected by bees from flowers of plants, and deposited in the cells of the honeycomb.

2. That which is sweet or pleasant, like honey.

The honey of his language.

Shak.

3. Sweet one; -- a term of endearment. Chaucer.

Honey, you shall be well desired in Cyprus.

Shak.

Honey is often used adjectively or as the first part of compound; as, honeydew or honey dew; honey guide or honeyguide; honey locust or honey- locust.

Honey ant (Zoˆl.), a small ant (Myrmecocystus melliger), found in the Southwestern United States, and in Mexico, living in subterranean formicares. There are larger and smaller ordinary workers, and others, which serve as receptacles or cells for the storage of honey, their abdomens becoming distended to the size of a currant. These, in times of scarcity, regurgitate the honey and feed the rest. -- Honey badger (Zoˆl.), the ratel. -- Honey bear. (Zoˆl.) See Kinkajou. -- Honey buzzard (Zoˆl.), a bird related to the kites, of the genus Pernis. The European species is P. apivorus; the Indian or crested honey buzzard is P. ptilorhyncha. They feed upon honey and the larvÊ of bees. Called also bee hawk, bee kite. -- Honey creeper (Zoˆl.), one of numerous species of small, bright, colored, passerine birds of the family CúrebidÊ, abundant in Central and South America. -- Honey eater (Zoˆl.), one of numerous species of small passerine birds of the family MeliphagidÊ, abundant in Australia and Oceania; -- called also honeysucker. -- Honey flower (Bot.), an evergreen shrub of the genus Melianthus, a native of the Cape of Good Hope. The flowers yield much honey. -- Honey guide (Zoˆl.), one of several species of small birds of the family IndicatoridÊ, inhabiting Africa and the East Indies. They have the habit of leading persons to the nests to wild bees. Called also honeybird, and indicator. -- Honey harvest, the gathering of honey from hives, or the honey which is gathered. Dryden. -- Honey kite. (Zoˆl.) See Honey buzzard (above). -- Honey locust (Bot.), a North American tree (Gleditschia triacanthos), armed with thorns, and having long pods with a sweet pulp between the seeds. -- Honey month. Same as Honeymoon. -- Honey weasel (Zoˆl.), the ratel.

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Hon"ey (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Honeyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Honeying.] To be gentle, agreeable, or coaxing; to talk fondly; to use endearments; also, to be or become obsequiously courteous or complimentary; to fawn. "Honeying and making love." Shak.

Rough to common men, But honey at the whisper of a lord.

Tennyson.

Hon"ey, v. t. To make agreeable; to cover or sweeten with, or as with, honey.

Canst thou not honey me with fluent speech?

Marston.

Hon"ey-bag` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The receptacle for honey in a honeybee. Shak. Grew.

Hon"ey*bee` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any bee of the genus Apis, which lives in communities and collects honey, esp. the common domesticated hive bee (Apis mellifica), the Italian bee (A. ligustica), and the Arabiab bee (A. fasciata). The two latter are by many entomologists considered only varieties of the common hive bee. Each swarm of bees consists of a large number of workers (barren females), with, ordinarily, one queen or fertile female, but in the swarming season several young queens, and a number of males or drones, are produced.

Hon"ey*bird` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The honey guide.

Hon"ey*comb` (?), n. [AS. hunigcamb. See Honey, and 1st Comb.] 1. A mass of hexagonal waxen cells, formed by bees, and used by them to hold their honey and their eggs.

2. Any substance, as a easting of iron, a piece of worm-eaten wood, or of triple, etc., perforated with cells like a honeycomb.

Honeycomb moth (Zoˆl.), the wax moth. -- Honeycomb stomach. (Anat.) See Reticulum.

Hon"ey*combed` (?), a. Formed or perforated like a honeycomb.

Each bastion was honeycombed with casements.

Motley.

Hon"ey*dew` (?), n. 1. A sweet, saccharine substance, found on the leaves of trees and other plants in small drops, like dew. Two substances have been called by this name; one exuded from the plants, and the other secreted by certain insects, esp. aphids.

2. A kind of tobacco moistened with molasses.

Hon"eyed (?), a. 1. Covered with honey.

2. Sweet, as, honeyed words. Milton.

Hon"ey*less (?), a. Destitute of honey. Shak.

Hon"ey*moon` (?), n. The first month after marriage. Addison.

Hon"ey-mouthed` (?), a. Soft to sweet in speech; persuasive. Shak.

Hon"ey*stone` (?), n. See Mellite.

Hon"ey*suck`er (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Honey eater, under Honey.

Hon"ey*suc`kle (?), n. [Cf. AS. hunis&?;ge privet. See Honey, and Suck.] (Bot.) One of several species of flowering plants, much admired for their beauty, and some for their fragrance.

The honeysuckles are properly species of the genus Lonicera; as, L. Caprifolium, and L. Japonica, the commonly cultivated fragrant kinds; L. Periclymenum, the fragrant woodbine of England; L. grata, the American woodbine, and L. sempervirens, the red-flowered trumpet honeysuckle. The European fly honeysuckle is L. Xylosteum; the American, L. ciliata. The American Pinxter flower (Azalea nudiflora) is often called honeysuckle, or false honeysuckle. The name Australian honeysuckle is applied to one or more trees of the genus Banksia. See French honeysuckle, under French.

Hon"ey*suc`kled (?), a. Covered with honeysuckles.

Hon"ey-sweet` (?), a. Sweet as honey. Chaucer.

Hon"ey-tongued` (?), a. Sweet speaking; persuasive; seductive. Shak.

Hon"ey*ware` (?), n. (Bot.) See Badderlocks.

Hon"ey*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A European plant of the genus Cerinthe, whose flowers are very attractive to bees. Loudon.

Hong (?), n. [Chinese hang, Canton dialect hong, a mercantile house, factory.] A mercantile establishment or factory for foreign trade in China, as formerly at Canton; a succession of offices connected by a common passage and used for business or storage.

Hong merchant, one of the few Chinese merchants who, previous to the treaty of 1842, formed a guild which had the exclusive privilege of trading with foreigners.

Hong (?), v. t. & i. To hang. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hon"ied (?), a. See Honeyed.

Hon"i*ton lace` (?). A kind of pillow lace, remarkable for the beauty of its figures; -- so called because chiefly made in Honiton, England.

Honk (?), n. [Of imitative origin.] (Zoˆl.) The cry of a wild goose. -- Honk"ing, n.

Hon"or (?), n. [OE. honor, honour, onour, onur, OF. honor, onor, honur, onur, honour, onour, F. honneur, fr. L. honor, honos.] [Written also honour.] 1. Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence.

A prophet is not without honor, save in his own country.

Matt. xiii. 57.

2. That which rightfully attracts esteem, respect, or consideration; self-respect; dignity; courage; fidelity; especially, excellence of character; high moral worth; virtue; nobleness; specif., in men, integrity; uprightness; trustworthness; in women, purity; chastity.

If she have forgot Honor and virtue.

Shak.

Godlike erect, with native honor clad.

Milton.

3. A nice sense of what is right, just, and true, with course of life correspondent thereto; strict conformity to the duty imposed by conscience, position, or privilege.

Say, what is honor? 'T is the finest sense Of justice which the human mind can frame, Intent each lurking frailty to disclaim, And guard the way of life from all offense Suffered or done.

Wordsworth.

I could not love thee, dear, so much, Loved I not honor more.

Lovelace.

4. That to which esteem or consideration is paid; distinguished position; high rank. "Restored me to my honors." Shak.

I have given thee . . . both riches, and honor.

1 Kings iii. 13.

Thou art clothed with honor and majesty.

Ps. civ. 1.

5. Fame; reputation; credit.

Some in theiractions do woo, and affect honor and reputation.

Bacon.

If my honor is meant anything distinct from conscience, 't is no more than a regard to the censure and esteem of the world.

Rogers.

6. A token of esteem paid to worth; a mark of respect; a ceremonial sign of consideration; as, he wore an honor on his breast; military honors; civil honors. "Their funeral honors." Dryden.

7. A cause of respect and fame; a glory; an excellency; an ornament; as, he is an honor to his nation.

8. A title applied to the holders of certain honorable civil offices, or to persons of rank; as, His Honor the Mayor. See Note under Honorable.

9. (Feud. Law) A seigniory or lordship held of the king, on which other lordships and manors depended. Cowell.

10. pl. Academic or university prizes or distinctions; as, honors in classics.

11. pl. (Whist) The ace, king, queen, and jack of trumps. The ten and nine are sometimes called Dutch honors. R. A. Proctor.

Affair of honor, a dispute to be decided by a duel, or the duel itself. -- Court of honor, a court or tribunal to investigate and decide questions relating to points of honor; as a court of chivalry, or a military court to investigate acts or omissions which are unofficerlike or ungentlemanly in their nature. -- Debt of honor, a debt contracted by a verbal promise, or by betting or gambling, considered more binding than if recoverable by law. -- Honor bright! An assurance of truth or fidelity. [Colloq.] -- Honor court (Feudal Law), one held in an honor or seignory. -- Honor point. (Her.) See Escutcheon. -- Honors of war (Mil.), distinctions granted to a vanquished enemy, as of marching out from a camp or town armed, and with colors flying. -- Law, or Code, of honor, certain rules by which social intercourse is regulated among persons of fashion, and which are founded on a regard to reputation. Paley. -- Maid of honor, a lady of rank, whose duty it is to attend the queen when she appears in public. -- On one's honor, on the pledge of one's honor; as, the members of the House of Lords in Great Britain, are not under oath, but give their statements or verdicts on their honor. -- Point of honor, a scruple or nice distinction in matters affecting one's honor; as, he raised a point of honor. -- To do the honors, to bestow honor, as on a guest; to act as host or hostess at an entertainment. "To do the honors and to give the word." Pope. -- To do one honor, to confer distinction upon one. -- To have the honor, to have the privilege or distinction. -- Word of honor, an engagement confirmed by a pledge of honor.

Hon"or, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Honored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Honoring.] [OE. honouren, onouren, OF. honorer, honourer, F. honorer, fr. L. honorare, fr. honor, n.] 1. To regard or treat with honor, esteem, or respect; to revere; to treat with deference and submission; when used of the Supreme Being, to reverence; to adore; to worship.

Honor thy father and thy mother.

Ex. xx. 12.

That all men should honor the Son, even as they honor the Father.

John v. 23.

It is a custom More honor'd in the breach than the observance.

Shak.

2. To dignify; to raise to distinction or notice; to bestow honor upon; to elevate in rank or station; to ennoble; to exalt; to glorify; hence, to do something to honor; to treat in a complimentary manner or with civility.

Thus shall it be done to the man whom the king delighten to honor.

Esther vi. 9.

The name of Cassius honors this corruption.

Shak.

3. (Com.) To accept and pay when due; as, to honora bill of exchange.

Hon"or*a*ble (?), a. [F. honorable, L. honorabilis.] 1. Worthy of honor; fit to be esteemed or regarded; estimable; illustrious.

Thy name and honorable family.

Shak.

2. High-minded; actuated by principles of honor, or a scrupulous regard to probity, rectitude, or reputation.

3. Proceeding from an upright and laudable cause, or directed to a just and proper end; not base; irreproachable; fair; as, an honorable motive.

Is this proceeding just and honorable?

Shak.

4. Conferring honor, or produced by noble deeds.

Honorable wounds from battle brought.

Dryden.

5. Worthy of respect; regarded with esteem; to be commended; consistent with honor or rectitude.

Marriage is honorable in all.

Heb. xiii. 4.

6. Performed or accompanied with marks of honor, or with testimonies of esteem; as, an honorable burial.

7. Of reputable association or use; respectable.

Let her descend: my chambers are honorable.

Shak.

8. An epithet of respect or distinction; as, the honorable Senate; the honorable gentleman.

Honorable is a title of quality, conferred by English usage upon the younger children of earls and all the children of viscounts and barons. The maids of honor, lords of session, and the supreme judges of England and Ireland are entitled to the prefix. In American usage, it is a title of courtesy merely, bestowed upon those who hold, or have held, any of the higher public offices, esp. governors, judges, members of Congress or of the Senate, mayors.

Right honorable. See under Right.

Hon"or*a*ble*ness, n. 1. The state of being honorable; eminence; distinction.

2. Conformity to the principles of honor, probity, or moral rectitude; fairness; uprightness; reputableness.

Hon"or*a*bly (?), adv. 1. In an honorable manner; in a manner showing, or consistent with, honor.

The reverend abbot . . . honorably received him.

Shak.

Why did I not more honorably starve?

Dryden.

2. Decently; becomingly. [Obs.] "Do this message honorably." Shak.

Syn. -- Magnanimously; generously; nobly; worthily; justly; equitably; fairly; reputably.

{ ||Hon`o*ra"ri*um (?), Hon"or*a*ry (?), } n. [L. honorarium (sc. donum), fr. honorarius. See Honorary, a.] 1. A fee offered to professional men for their services; as, an honorarium of one thousand dollars. S. Longfellow.

2. (Law) An honorary payment, usually in recognition of services for which it is not usual or not lawful to assign a fixed business price. Heumann.

Hon"or*a*ry, a. [L. honorarius, fr. honor honor: cf. F. honoraire.] 1. Done as a sign or evidence of honor; as, honorary services. Macaulay.

2. Conferring honor, or intended merely to confer honor without emolument; as, an honorary degree. "Honorary arches." Addison.

3. Holding a title or place without rendering service or receiving reward; as, an honorary member of a society.

Hon"or*er (?), n. One who honors.

Hon`or*if"ic (?), a. [See Honor, -fy, and -ic.] Conferring honor; tending to honor. London Spectator.

Hon"or*less (?), a. Destitute of honor; not honored. Bp. Warburton.

Hont (hnt), n. & v. See under Hunt. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hoo (?), interj. 1. See Ho. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Hurrah! -- an exclamation of triumphant joy. Shak.

-hood (?). [OE. hod, had, hed, hede, etc., person, rank, order, condition, AS. hd; akin to OS. hd, OHG. heit, G. -heit, D. -heid, Goth. haidus manner; cf. Skr. ktu brightness, cit to appear, be noticeable, notice. &radic;217. Cf. -head.] A termination denoting state, condition, quality, character, totality, as in manhood, childhood, knighthood, brotherhood. Sometimes it is written, chiefly in obsolete words, in the form -head.

Hood (?), n. [OE. hood, hod, AS. hd; akin to D. hoed hat, G. hut, OHG. huot, also to E. hat, and prob. to E. heed. &radic;13.] 1. State; condition. [Obs.]

How could thou ween, through that disguised hood To hide thy state from being understood?

Spenser.

2. A covering or garment for the head or the head and shoulders, often attached to the body garment; especially: (a) A soft covering for the head, worn by women, which leaves only the face exposed. (b) A part of a monk's outer garment, with which he covers his head; a cowl. "All hoods make not monks." Shak. (c) A like appendage to a cloak or loose overcoat, that may be drawn up over the head at pleasure. (d) An ornamental fold at the back of an academic gown or ecclesiastical vestment; as, a master's hood. (e) A covering for a horse's head. (f) (Falconry) A covering for a hawk's head and eyes. See Illust. of Falcon.

3. Anything resembling a hood in form or use; as: (a) The top or head of a carriage. (b) A chimney top, often contrived to secure a constant draught by turning with the wind. (c) A projecting cover above a hearth, forming the upper part of the fireplace, and confining the smoke to the flue. (d) The top of a pump. (e) (Ord.) A covering for a mortar. (f) (Bot.) The hood-shaped upper petal of some flowers, as of monkshood; -- called also helmet. Gray. (g) (Naut.) A covering or porch for a companion hatch.

4. (Shipbuilding) The endmost plank of a strake which reaches the stem or stern.

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Hood (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hooded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hooding.] 1. To cover with a hood; to furnish with a hood or hood-shaped appendage.

The friar hooded, and the monarch crowned.

Pope.

2. To cover; to hide; to blind.

While grace is saying, I'll hood mine eyes Thus with my hat, and sigh and say, "Amen."

Shak.

Hooding end (Shipbuilding), the end of a hood where it enters the rabbet in the stem post or stern post.

Hood"cap`, n. See Hooded seal, under Hooded.

Hood"ed, a. 1. Covered with a hood.

2. Furnished with a hood or something like a hood.

3. Hood-shaped; esp. (Bot.), rolled up like a cornet of paper; cuculate, as the spethe of the Indian turnip.

4. (Zoˆl.) (a) Having the head conspicuously different in color from the rest of the plumage; -- said of birds. (b) Having a hoodlike crest or prominence on the head or neck; as, the hooded seal; a hooded snake.

Hooded crow, a European crow (Corvus cornix); -- called also hoody, dun crow, and royston crow. -- Hooded gull, the European black-headed pewit or gull. -- Hooded merganser. See Merganser. -- Hooded seal, a large North Atlantic seal (Cystophora cristata). The male has a large, inflatible, hoodlike sac upon the head. Called also hoodcap. -- Hooded sheldrake, the hooded merganser. See Merganser. -- Hooded snake. See Cobra de capello, Asp, Haje, etc. -- Hooded warbler, a small American warbler (Sylvania mitrata).

Hood"less, a. Having no hood.

Hood"lum (?), n. A young rowdy; a rough, lawless fellow. [Colloq. U.S.]

Hood"man (?), n. The person blindfolded in the game called hoodman-blind. [Obs.] Shak.

Hood"man-blind` (?), n. An old term for blindman's buff. Shak.

{ Hood" mold`ing Hood" mould`ing } (?). (Arch.) A projecting molding over the head of an arch, forming the outermost member of the archivolt; -- called also hood mold.

Hoo"doo (?), n. [Perh. a var. of voodoo.] One who causes bad luck. [Colloq.]

Hood"wink (?), v. t. [Hood + wink.] 1. To blind by covering the eyes.

We will blind and hoodwink him.

Shak.

2. To cover; to hide. [Obs.] Shak.

3. To deceive by false appearance; to impose upon. "Hoodwinked with kindness." Sir P. Sidney.

Hood"y (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The hooded crow; also, in Scotland, the hooded gull.

Hoof (?), n.; pl. Hoofs (#), very rarely Hooves (#). [OE. hof, AS. hf; akin to D. hoef, G1huf, OHG. huof, Icel. hfr, Sw. hof, Dan. hov; cf. Russ. kopuito, Skr. Áapha. &radic;225.] 1. The horny substance or case that covers or terminates the feet of certain animals, as horses, oxen, etc.

On burnished hooves his war horse trode.

Tennyson.

2. A hoofed animal; a beast.

Our cattle also shall go with us; there shall not a hoof be left behind.

Ex. x. 26.

3. (Geom.) See Ungula.

Hoof, v. i. 1. To walk as cattle. [R.] William Scott.

2. To be on a tramp; to foot. [Slang, U.S.]

To hoof it, to foot it.

Hoof"bound` (?), a. (Far.) Having a dry and contracted hoof, which occasions pain and lameness.

Hoofed (?), a. Furnished with hoofs. Grew.

Hoof"less (?), a. Destitute of hoofs.

Hook (?), n. [OE. hok, AS. hc; cf. D. haak, G. hake, haken, OHG. hko, hgo, hggo, Icel. haki, Sw. hake, Dan. hage. Cf. Arquebuse, Hagbut, Hake, Hatch a half door, Heckle.] 1. A piece of metal, or other hard material, formed or bent into a curve or at an angle, for catching, holding, or sustaining anything; as, a hook for catching fish; a hook for fastening a gate; a boat hook, etc.

2. That part of a hinge which is fixed to a post, and on which a door or gate hangs and turns.

3. An implement for cutting grass or grain; a sickle; an instrument for cutting or lopping; a billhook.

Like slashing Bentley with his desperate hook.

Pope.

4. (Steam Engin.) See Eccentric, and V-hook.

5. A snare; a trap. [R.] Shak.

6. A field sown two years in succession. [Prov. Eng.]

7. pl. The projecting points of the thigh bones of cattle; -- called also hook bones.

By hook or by crook, one way or other; by any means, direct or indirect. Milton. "In hope her to attain by hook or crook." Spenser. -- Off the hooks, unhinged; disturbed; disordered. [Colloq.] "In the evening, by water, to the Duke of Albemarle, whom I found mightly off the hooks that the ships are not gone out of the river." Pepys. -- On one's own hook, on one's own account or responsibility; by one's self. [Colloq. U.S.] Bartlett. -- To go off the hooks, to die. [Colloq.] Thackeray. -- Bid hook, a small boat hook. -- Chain hook. See under Chain. -- Deck hook, a horizontal knee or frame, in the bow of a ship, on which the forward part of the deck rests. -- Hook and eye, one of the small wire hooks and loops for fastening together the opposite edges of a garment, etc. -- Hook bill (Zoˆl.), the strongly curved beak of a bird. -- Hook ladder, a ladder with hooks at the end by which it can be suspended, as from the top of a wall. -- Hook motion (Steam Engin.), a valve gear which is reversed by V hooks. -- Hook squid, any squid which has the arms furnished with hooks, instead of suckers, as in the genera Enoploteuthis and Onychteuthis. -- Hook wrench, a wrench or spanner, having a hook at the end, instead of a jaw, for turning a bolthead, nut, or coupling.

Hook, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hooked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hooking.] 1. To catch or fasten with a hook or hooks; to seize, capture, or hold, as with a hook, esp. with a disguised or baited hook; hence, to secure by allurement or artifice; to entrap; to catch; as, to hook a dress; to hook a trout.

Hook him, my poor dear, . . . at any sacrifice.

W. Collins.

2. To seize or pierce with the points of the horns, as cattle in attacking enemies; to gore.

3. To steal. [Colloq. Eng. & U.S.]

To hook on, to fasten or attach by, or as by, hook.

Hook (?), v. i. To bend; to curve as a hook.

Hook"ah (hk"), n. [Per. or Ar. huqqa a round box or casket, a bottle through which the fumes pass when smoking tobacco.] A pipe with a long, flexible stem, so arranged that the smoke is cooled by being made to pass through water.

Hook"-billed` (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having a strongly curved bill.

Hooked (?), a. 1. Having the form of a hook; curvated; as, the hooked bill of a bird.

2. Provided with a hook or hooks. "The hooked chariot." Milton.

Hook"ed*ness (?), n. The state of being bent like a hook; incurvation.

Hook"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, hooks.

2. (Naut.) (a) A Dutch vessel with two masts. (b) A fishing boat with one mast, used on the coast of Ireland. (c) A sailor's contemptuous term for any antiquated craft.

Hooke's" gear"ing (?). [So called from the inventor.] (Mach.) Spur gearing having teeth slanting across the face of the wheel, sometimes slanting in opposite directions from the middle.

Hooke's joint (?). [So called from the inventor.] (Mach.) A universal joint. See under Universal.

Hook"ey (?), n. See Hockey.

Hook"let (?), n. A little hook.

Hook"-nosed` (?), a. Having a hooked or aquiline nose. Shak.

Hook"y (?), a. Full of hooks; pertaining to hooks.

Hool (?), a. Whole. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hoo"lock (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small black gibbon (Hylobates hoolock), found in the mountains of Assam.

Hoom (?), n. Home. Chaucer.

Hoo"noo*maun (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An Indian monkey. See Entellus. [Written also hoonuman.]

Hoop (?), n. [OE. hope; akin to D. hoep, hoepel.] 1. A pliant strip of wood or metal bent in a circular form, and united at the ends, for holding together the staves of casks, tubs, etc.

2. A ring; a circular band; anything resembling a hoop, as the cylinder (cheese hoop) in which the curd is pressed in making cheese.

3. A circle, or combination of circles, of thin whalebone, metal, or other elastic material, used for expanding the skirts of ladies' dresses; crinoline; -- used chiefly in the plural.

Though stiff with hoops, and armed with ribs of whale.

Pope.

4. A quart pot; -- so called because originally bound with hoops, like a barrel. Also, a portion of the contents measured by the distance between the hoops. [Obs.]

5. An old measure of capacity, variously estimated at from one to four pecks. [Eng.] Halliwell.

Bulge hoop, Chine hoop, Quarter hoop, the hoop nearest the middle of a cask, that nearest the end, and the intermediate hoop between these two, respectively. -- Flat hoop, a wooden hoop dressed flat on both sides. -- Half-round hoop, a wooden hoop left rounding and undressed on the outside. -- Hoop iron, iron in thin narrow strips, used for making hoops. -- Hoop lock, the fastening for uniting the ends of wooden hoops by notching and interlocking them. -- Hoop skirt, a framework of hoops for expanding the skirts of a woman's dress; -- called also hoop petticoat. -- Hoop snake (Zoˆl.), a harmless snake of the Southern United States (Abaster erythrogrammus); -- so called from the mistaken notion that it curves itself into a hoop, taking its tail into its mouth, and rolls along with great velocity. -- Hoop tree (Bot.), a small West Indian tree (Melia sempervirens), of the Mahogany family.

Hoop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hooped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hooping.] 1. To bind or fasten with hoops; as, to hoop a barrel or puncheon.

2. To clasp; to encircle; to surround. Shak.

Hoop (?), v. i. [OE. houpen; cf. F. houper to hoop, to shout; -- a hunting term, prob. fr. houp, an interj. used in calling. Cf. Whoop.] 1. To utter a loud cry, or a sound imitative of the word, by way of call or pursuit; to shout. [Usually written whoop.]

2. To whoop, as in whooping cough. See Whoop.

Hooping cough. (Med.) See Whooping cough.

Hoop, v. t. [Written also whoop.] 1. To drive or follow with a shout. "To be hooped out of Rome." Shak.

2. To call by a shout or peculiar cry.

Hoop, n. 1. A shout; a whoop, as in whooping cough.

2. (Zoˆl.) The hoopoe. See Hoopoe.

Hoop"er (?), n. [See 1st Hoop.] One who hoops casks or tubs; a cooper.

Hoop"er (?), n. (Zoˆl.) [So called from its note.] The European whistling, or wild, swan (Olor cygnus); -- called also hooper swan, whooping swan, and elk.

{ Hoop"oe (?), Hoop"oo (?) }, n. [So called from its cry; cf. L. upupa, Gr. &?;, D. hop, F. huppe; cf. also G. wiedenhopf, OHG. wituhopfo, lit., wood hopper.] (Zoˆl.) A European bird of the genus Upupa (U. epops), having a beautiful crest, which it can erect or depress at pleasure. Called also hoop, whoop. The name is also applied to several other species of the same genus and allied genera.

Hoo"sier (?), n. A nickname given to an inhabitant of the State of Indiana. [U.S.]

Hoot (ht), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hooted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hooting.] [OE. hoten, houten, huten; cf. OSw. huta, Sw. huta ut to take one up sharply, fr. Sw. hut interj., begone! cf. also W. hwt off! off with it! away! hoot!] 1. To cry out or shout in contempt.

Matrons and girls shall hoot at thee no more.

Dryden.

2. To make the peculiar cry of an owl.

The clamorous owl that nightly hoots.

Shak.

Hoot, v. t. To assail with contemptuous cries or shouts; to follow with derisive shouts.

Partridge and his clan may hoot me for a cheat.

Swift.

Hoot, n. 1. A derisive cry or shout. Glanvill.

2. The cry of an owl.

Hoot owl (Zoˆl.), the barred owl (Syrnium nebulosum). See Barred owl.

Hoove (?), n. [Allied to heave, hove.] A disease in cattle consisting in inflammation of the stomach by gas, ordinarily caused by eating too much green food; tympany; bloating.

{ Hoov"en (?), Ho"ven (?), } a. Affected with hoove; as, hooven, or hoven, cattle.

Hop (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hopped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hopping (?).] [OE. hoppen to hop, leap, dance, AS. hoppian; akin to Icel. & Sw. hoppa, Dan. hoppe, D. huppelen, G. h¸pfen.] 1. To move by successive leaps, as toads do; to spring or jump on one foot; to skip, as birds do.

[Birds] hopping from spray to spray.

Dryden.

2. To walk lame; to limp; to halt. Dryden.

3. To dance. Smollett.

Hop, n. 1. A leap on one leg, as of a boy; a leap, as of a toad; a jump; a spring.

2. A dance; esp., an informal dance of ball. [Colloq.]

Hop, skip (or step), and jump, a game or athletic sport in which the participants cover as much ground as possible by a hop, stride, and jump in succession. Addison.

Hop, n. [OE. hoppe; akin to D. hop, hoppe, OHG. hopfo, G. hopfen; cf. LL. hupa, W. hopez, Armor. houpez, and Icel. humall, SW. & Dan. humle.] 1. (Bot.) A climbing plant (Humulus Lupulus), having a long, twining, annual stalk. It is cultivated for its fruit (hops).

2. The catkin or strobilaceous fruit of the hop, much used in brewing to give a bitter taste.

3. The fruit of the dog-rose. See Hip.

Hop back. (Brewing) See under 1st Back. -- Hop clover (Bot.), a species of yellow clover having heads like hops in miniature (Trifolium agrarium, and T. procumbens). -- Hop flea (Zoˆl.), a small flea beetle (Haltica concinna), very injurious to hops. -- Hop fly (Zoˆl.), an aphid (Phorodon humuli), very injurious to hop vines. -- Hop froth fly (Zoˆl.), an hemipterous insect (Aphrophora interrupta), allied to the cockoo spits. It often does great damage to hop vines. -- Hop hornbeam (Bot.), an American tree of the genus Ostrya (O. Virginica) the American ironwood; also, a European species (O. vulgaris). -- Hop moth (Zoˆl.), a moth (Hypena humuli), which in the larval state is very injurious to hop vines. -- Hop picker, one who picks hops. -- Hop pole, a pole used to support hop vines. -- Hop tree (Bot.), a small American tree (Ptelia trifoliata), having broad, flattened fruit in large clusters, sometimes used as a substitute for hops. -- Hop vine (Bot.), the climbing vine or stalk of the hop.

Hop, v. t. To impregnate with hops. Mortimer.

Hop, v. i. To gather hops. [Perhaps only in the form Hopping, vb. n.]

{ Hop"bine` (?), Hop"bind` (?), } n. The climbing stem of the hop. Blackstone.

Hope (?), n. [Cf. Icel. hp a small bay or inlet.] 1. A sloping plain between mountain ridges. [Obs.]

2. A small bay; an inlet; a haven. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Hope, n. [AS., akin to D. hoop, hope, Sw. hopp, Dan. haab, MHG. hoffe. Hope in forlorn hope is different word. See Forlorn hope, under Forlorn.] 1. A desire of some good, accompanied with an expectation of obtaining it, or a belief that it is obtainable; an expectation of something which is thought to be desirable; confidence; pleasing expectancy.

The hypocrite's hope shall perish.

Job vii. 13.

He wished, but not with hope.

Milton.

New thoughts of God, new hopes of Heaven.

Keble.

2. One who, or that which, gives hope, furnishes ground of expectation, or promises desired good.

The Lord will be the hope of his people.

Joel iii. 16.

A young gentleman of great hopes, whose love of learning was highly commendable.

Macaulay.

3. That which is hoped for; an object of hope.

Lavina is thine elder brother's hope.

Shak.

Hope, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hoped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hoping.] [AS. hopian; akin to D. hopen, Sw. hopp&?;, Dan. haabe, G. hoffen. See 2nd Hope.] 1. To entertain or indulge hope; to cherish a desire of good, or of something welcome, with expectation of obtaining it or belief that it is obtainable; to expect; -- usually followed by for. "Hope for good success." Jer. Taylor.

But I will hope continually.

Ps. lxxi. 14.

2. To place confidence; to trust with confident expectation of good; -- usually followed by in. "I hope in thy word." Ps. cxix. 81.

Why art thou cast down, O my soul? and why art thou disquieted within me? Hope thou in God.

Ps. xlii. 11.

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Hope (?), v. t. 1. To desire with expectation or with belief in the possibility or prospect of obtaining; to look forward to as a thing desirable, with the expectation of obtaining it; to cherish hopes of.

We hope no other from your majesty.

Shak.

[Charity] hopeth all things.

1 Cor. xiii. 7.

2. To expect; to fear. [Obs.] "I hope he will be dead." Chaucer.

Hope is often used colloquially regarding uncertainties, with no reference to the future. "I hope she takes me to be flesh and blood." Mrs. Centlivre.

Hope"ful (?), a. 1. Full of hope, or agreeable expectation; inclined to hope; expectant.

Men of their own natural inclination hopeful and strongly conceited.

Hooker.

2. Having qualities which excite hope; affording promise of good or of success; as, a hopeful youth; a hopeful prospect. "Hopeful scholars." Addison.

-- Hope"ful*ly, adv. -- Hope"ful*ness, n.

Hope"ite (?), n. [Named after Professor Hope, of Edinburgh.] (Min.) A hydrous phosphate of zinc in transparent prismatic crystals.

Hope"less, a. 1. Destitute of hope; having no expectation of good; despairing.

I am a woman, friendless, hopeless.

Shak.

2. Giving no ground of hope; promising nothing desirable; desperate; as, a hopeless cause.

The hopelessword of "never to return" Breathe I against thee, upon pain of life.

Shak.

3. Unhoped for; despaired of. [Obs.] Marston.

-- Hope"less*ly, adv. -- Hope"less*ness, n.

Hop"er (?), n. One who hopes. Swift.

Hop"ing*ly, adv. In a hopeful manner. Hammond.

Hop"lite (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; tool, weapon: cf. F. hoplite.] (Gr. Antiq.) A heavy-armed infantry soldier. Milford.

{ Hop"-o'-my-thumb" (?), Hop"-thumb" }, n. A very diminutive person. [Colloq.] liwell.

Hopped (?), p. a. Impregnated with hops.

Hop"per (?), n. [See 1st Hop.] 1. One who, or that which, hops.

2. A chute, box, or receptacle, usually funnel-shaped with an opening at the lower part, for delivering or feeding any material, as to a machine; as, the wooden box with its trough through which grain passes into a mill by joining or shaking, or a funnel through which fuel passes into a furnace, or coal, etc., into a car.

3. (Mus.) See Grasshopper, 2.

4. pl. A game. See Hopscotch. Johnson.

5. (Zoˆl.) (a) See Grasshopper, and Frog hopper, Grape hopper, Leaf hopper, Tree hopper, under Frog, Grape, Leaf, and Tree. (b) The larva of a cheese fly.

6. (Naut.) A vessel for carrying waste, garbage, etc., out to sea, so constructed as to discharge its load by a mechanical contrivance; -- called also dumping scow.

Bell and hopper (Metal.), the apparatus at the top of a blast furnace, through which the charge is introduced, while the gases are retained. -- Hopper boy, a rake in a mill, moving in a circle to spread meal for drying, and to draw it over an opening in the floor, through which it falls. -- Hopper closet, a water- closet, without a movable pan, in which the receptacle is a funnel standing on a draintrap. -- Hopper cock, a faucet or valve for flushing the hopper of a water-closet.

Hop"per*ings (?), n. (Gold Washing) Gravel retaining in the hopper of a cradle.

Hop`pes*tere" (?), a. An unexplained epithet used by Chaucer in reference to ships. By some it is defined as "dancing (on the wave)"; by others as "opposing," "warlike." T. R. Lounsbury.

Hop"pet (?), n. 1. A hand basket; also, a dish used by miners for measuring ore. [Prov. Eng.]

2. An infant in arms. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Hop"ping (?), n. The act of one who, or that which, hops; a jumping, frisking, or dancing.

Hopping Dick (Zoˆl.), a thrush of Jamaica (Merula leucogenys), resembling the English blackbird in its familiar manners, agreeable song, and dark plumage.

Hop"ping, n. [See 3rd Hop.] A gathering of hops.

Hop"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoppled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hoppling (?).] [From Hop; cf. Hobble.] 1. To impede by a hopple; to tie the feet of (a horse or a cow) loosely together; to hamper; to hobble; as, to hopple an unruly or straying horse.

2. Fig.: To entangle; to hamper. Dr. H. More.

Hop"ple, n. A fetter for horses, or cattle, when turned out to graze; -- chiefly used in the plural.

Hop"ple*bush` (?), n. Same as Hobblebush.

Hop"po (?), n. (a) A collector of customs, as at Canton; an overseer of commerce. (b) A tribunal or commission having charge of the revenue derived from trade and navigation. [China]

Hoppo men, Chinese customhouse officers.

Hop"scotch` (?), n. A child's game, in which a player, hopping on one foot, drives a stone from one compartment to another of a figure traced or scotched on the ground; -- called also hoppers.

Hop"-thumb` (?), n. See Hop-o'- my-thumb.

Hop"yard` (?), n. A field where hops are raised.

Ho"ral (?), a. [L. horalis, fr. hora hour. See Hour.] Of or pertaining to an hour, or to hours. Prior.

Ho"ra*ly (?), adv. Hourly. [Obs.]

Ho"ra*ry (?), a. [LL. horarius, fr. L. hora hour: cf. F. horaire. See Hour.] 1. Of or pertaining to an hour; noting the hours. Spectator.

2. Occurring once an hour; continuing an hour; hourly; ephemeral.

Horary, or soon decaying, fruits of summer.

Sir T. Browne.

Horary circles. See Circles.

Ho*ra"tian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Horace, the Latin poet, or resembling his style.

Horde (hrd), n. [F. horde (cf. G. horde), fr. Turk. ord, ord, camp; of Tartar origin.] A wandering troop or gang; especially, a clan or tribe of a nomadic people migrating from place to place for the sake of pasturage, plunder, etc.; a predatory multitude. Thomson.

Hor*de"ic (?), a. [L. hordeum barley.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, barley; as, hordeic acid, an acid identical or isomeric with lauric acid.

Hor"de*in (?), n. [L. hordeum barley.] (Chem.) A peculiar starchy matter contained in barley. It is a complex mixture. [R.]

||Hor*de"o*lum (?), n. [NL., fr. L. hordeolus, dim. of hordeum barley.] ||(Med.) A small tumor upon the eyelid, resembling a grain of barley; a ||sty.

Hor"dock` (?), n. An unidentified plant mentioned by Shakespeare, perhaps equivalent to burdock.

Hore (?), a. Hoar. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hore"hound` (?), n. [OE. horehune, AS. hrhune; hr hoar, gray + hune horehound; cf. L. cunila a species of organum, Gr. &?;, Skr. kn&?;y to smell.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Marrubium (M. vulgare), which has a bitter taste, and is a weak tonic, used as a household remedy for colds, coughing, etc. [Written also hoarhound.]

Fetid horehound, or Black horehound, a disagreeable plant resembling horehound (Ballota nigra). -- Water horehound, a species of the genus Lycopus, resembling mint, but not aromatic.

Ho*ri"zon (?), n. [F., fr. L. horizon, fr. Gr. &?; (sc. &?;) the bounding line, horizon, fr. &?; to bound, fr. &?; boundary, limit.] 1. The circle which bounds that part of the earth's surface visible to a spectator from a given point; the apparent junction of the earth and sky.

And when the morning sun shall raise his car Above the border of this horizon.

Shak.

All the horizon round Invested with bright rays.

Milton.

2. (Astron.) (a) A plane passing through the eye of the spectator and at right angles to the vertical at a given place; a plane tangent to the earth's surface at that place; called distinctively the sensible horizon. (b) A plane parallel to the sensible horizon of a place, and passing through the earth's center; -- called also rational or celestial horizon. (c) (Naut.) The unbroken line separating sky and water, as seen by an eye at a given elevation, no land being visible.

3. (Geol.) The epoch or time during which a deposit was made.

The strata all over the earth, which were formed at the same time, are said to belong to the same geological horizon.

Le Conte.

4. (Painting) The chief horizontal line in a picture of any sort, which determines in the picture the height of the eye of the spectator; in an extended landscape, the representation of the natural horizon corresponds with this line.

Apparent horizon. See under Apparent. -- Artificial horizon, a level mirror, as the surface of mercury in a shallow vessel, or a plane reflector adjusted to the true level artificially; -- used chiefly with the sextant for observing the double altitude of a celestial body. -- Celestial horizon. (Astron.) See def. 2, above. -- Dip of the horizon (Astron.), the vertical angle between the sensible horizon and a line to the visible horizon, the latter always being below the former. -- Rational horizon, and Sensible horizon. (Astron.) See def. 2, above. -- Visible horizon. See definitions 1 and 2, above.

Hor`i*zon"tal (?), a. [Cf. F. horizontal.] 1. Pertaining to, or near, the horizon. "Horizontal misty air." Milton.

2. Parallel to the horizon; on a level; as, a horizontalline or surface.

3. Measured or contained in a plane of the horizon; as, horizontal distance.

Horizontal drill, a drilling machine having a horizontal drill spindle. -- Horizontal engine, one the piston of which works horizontally. -- Horizontal fire (Mil.), the fire of ordnance and small arms at point-blank range or at low angles of elevation. -- Horizontal force (Physics), the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic force. -- Horizontal line (Descriptive Geometry & Drawing), a constructive line, either drawn or imagined, which passes through the point of sight, and is the chief line in the projection upon which all verticals are fixed, and upon which all vanishing points are found. -- Horizontal parallax. See under Parallax. -- Horizontal plane (Descriptive Geometry), a plane parallel to the horizon, upon which it is assumed that objects are projected. See Projection. It is upon the horizontal plane that the ground plan of the buildings is supposed to be drawn. -- Horizontal projection, a projection made on a plane parallel to the horizon. -- Horizontal range (Gunnery), the distance in a horizontal plane to which a gun will throw a projectile. -- Horizontal water wheel, a water wheel in which the axis is vertical, the buckets or floats revolving in a horizontal plane, as in most turbines.

Hor`i*zon*tal"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. horizontalitÈ.] The state or quality of being horizontal. Kirwan.

Hor`i*zon"tal*ly, adv. In a horizontal direction or position; on a level; as, moving horizontally.

||Hor`mo*go*ni"um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;a chain + &?; generation.] ||(Bot.) A chain of small cells in certain algÊ, by which the plant is ||propagated.

Horn (?), n. [AS. horn; akin to D. horen, hoorn, G., Icel., Sw., & Dan. horn, Goth. ha˙rn, W., Gael., & Ir. corn, L. cornu, Gr. &?;, and perh. also to E. cheer, cranium, cerebral; cf. Skr. Áiras head. Cf. Carat, Corn on the foot, Cornea, Corner, Cornet, Cornucopia, Hart.] 1. A hard, projecting, and usually pointed organ, growing upon the heads of certain animals, esp. of the ruminants, as cattle, goats, and the like. The hollow horns of the Ox family consist externally of true horn, and are never shed.

2. The antler of a deer, which is of bone throughout, and annually shed and renewed.

3. (Zoˆl.) Any natural projection or excrescence from an animal, resembling or thought to resemble a horn in substance or form; esp.: (a) A projection from the beak of a bird, as in the hornbill. (b) A tuft of feathers on the head of a bird, as in the horned owl. (c) A hornlike projection from the head or thorax of an insect, or the head of a reptile, or fish. (d) A sharp spine in front of the fins of a fish, as in the horned pout.

4. (Bot.) An incurved, tapering and pointed appendage found in the flowers of the milkweed (Asclepias).

5. Something made of a horn, or in resemblance of a horn; as: (a) A wind instrument of music; originally, one made of a horn (of an ox or a ram); now applied to various elaborately wrought instruments of brass or other metal, resembling a horn in shape. "Wind his horn under the castle wall." Spenser. See French horn, under French. (b) A drinking cup, or beaker, as having been originally made of the horns of cattle. "Horns of mead and ale." Mason. (c) The cornucopia, or horn of plenty. See Cornucopia. "Fruits and flowers from AmalthÊa's horn." Milton. (d) A vessel made of a horn; esp., one designed for containing powder; anciently, a small vessel for carrying liquids. "Samuel took the hornof oil and anointed him [David]." 1 Sam. xvi. 13. (e) The pointed beak of an anvil. (f) The high pommel of a saddle; also, either of the projections on a lady's saddle for supporting the leg. (g) (Arch.) The Ionic volute. (h) (Naut.) The outer end of a crosstree; also, one of the projections forming the jaws of a gaff, boom, etc. (i) (Carp.) A curved projection on the fore part of a plane. (j) One of the projections at the four corners of the Jewish altar of burnt offering. "Joab . . . caught hold on the horns of the altar." 1 Kings ii. 28.

6. One of the curved ends of a crescent; esp., an extremity or cusp of the moon when crescent- shaped.

The moon Wears a wan circle round her blunted horns.

Thomson.

7. (Mil.) The curving extremity of the wing of an army or of a squadron drawn up in a crescentlike form.

Sharpening in mooned horns Their phalanx.

Milton.

8. The tough, fibrous material of which true horns are composed, being, in the Ox family, chiefly albuminous, with some phosphate of lime; also, any similar substance, as that which forms the hoof crust of horses, sheep, and cattle; as, a spoon of horn.

9. (Script.) A symbol of strength, power, glory, exaltation, or pride.

The Lord is . . . the horn of my salvation.

Ps. xviii. 2.

10. An emblem of a cuckold; -- used chiefly in the plural. "Thicker than a cuckold's horn." Shak.

Horn block, the frame or pedestal in which a railway car axle box slides up and down; -- also called horn plate. -- Horn of a dilemma. See under Dilemma. -- Horn distemper, a disease of cattle, affecting the internal substance of the horn. -- Horn drum, a wheel with long curved scoops, for raising water. -- Horn lead (Chem.), chloride of lead. -- Horn maker, a maker of cuckolds. [Obs.] Shak. -- Horn mercury. (Min.) Same as Horn quicksilver (below). -- Horn poppy (Bot.), a plant allied to the poppy (Glaucium luteum), found on the sandy shores of Great Britain and Virginia; -- called also horned poppy. Gray. -- Horn pox (Med.), abortive smallpox with an eruption like that of chicken pox. -- Horn quicksilver (Min.), native calomel, or bichloride of mercury. -- Horn shell (Zoˆl.), any long, sharp, spiral, gastropod shell, of the genus Cerithium, and allied genera. -- Horn silver (Min.), cerargyrite. -- Horn slate, a gray, siliceous stone. -- To haul in one's horns, to withdraw some arrogant pretension. [Colloq.] -- To raise, or lift, the horn (Script.), to exalt one's self; to act arrogantly. "'Gainst them that raised thee dost thou lift thy horn?" Milton. -- To take a horn, to take a drink of intoxicating liquor. [Low]

Horn (?), v. t. 1. To furnish with horns; to give the shape of a horn to.

2. To cause to wear horns; to cuckold. [Obs.] Shak.

Horn"beak` (?), n. A fish. See Hornfish.

Horn"beam` (?), n. [See Beam.] (Bot.) A tree of the genus Carpinus (C. Americana), having a smooth gray bark and a ridged trunk, the wood being white and very hard. It is common along the banks of streams in the United States, and is also called ironwood. The English hornbeam is C. Betulus. The American is called also blue beech and water beech.

Hop hornbeam. (Bot.) See under Hop.

Horn"bill` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any bird of the family BucerotidÊ, of which about sixty species are known, belonging to numerous genera. They inhabit the tropical parts of Asia, Africa, and the East Indies, and are remarkable for having a more or less horn-like protuberance, which is usually large and hollow and is situated on the upper side of the beak. The size of the hornbill varies from that of a pigeon to that of a raven, or even larger. They feed chiefly upon fruit, but some species eat dead animals.

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Horn"blende` (?), n. [G., fr. horn horn + blende blende.] (Min.) The common black, or dark green or brown, variety of amphibole. (See Amphibole.) It belongs to the aluminous division of the species, and is also characterized by its containing considerable iron. Also used as a general term to include the whole species.

Hornblende schist (Geol.), a hornblende rock of schistose structure.

Horn*blend"ic (?), a. Composed largely of hornblende; resembling or relating to hornblende.

Horn"blow`er (?), n. [AS. hornblwere.] One who, or that which, blows a horn.

Horn"book` (?), n. 1. The first book for children, or that from which in former times they learned their letters and rudiments; -- so called because a sheet of horn covered the small, thin board of oak, or the slip of paper, on which the alphabet, digits, and often the Lord's Prayer, were written or printed; a primer. "He teaches boys the hornbook." Shak.

2. A book containing the rudiments of any science or branch of knowledge; a manual; a handbook.

Horn"bug` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A large nocturnal beetle of the genus Lucanus (as L. capreolus, and L. dama), having long, curved upper jaws, resembling a sickle. The grubs are found in the trunks of old trees.

Horned (?), a. Furnished with a horn or horns; furnished with a hornlike process or appendage; as, horned cattle; having some part shaped like a horn.

The horned moon with one bright star Within the nether tip.

Coleridge.

Horned bee (Zoˆl.), a British wild bee (Osmia bicornis), having two little horns on the head. -- Horned dace (Zoˆl.), an American cyprinoid fish (Semotilus corporialis) common in brooks and ponds; the common chub. See Illust. of Chub. -- Horned frog (Zoˆl.), a very large Brazilian frog (Ceratophrys cornuta), having a pair of triangular horns arising from the eyelids. -- Horned grebe (Zoˆl.), a species of grebe (Colymbus auritus), of Arctic Europe and America, having two dense tufts of feathers on the head. -- Horned horse (Zoˆl.), the gnu. -- Horned lark (Zoˆl.), the shore lark. -- Horned lizard (Zoˆl.), the horned toad. -- Horned owl (Zoˆl.), a large North American owl (Bubo Virginianus), having a pair of elongated tufts of feathers on the head. Several distinct varieties are known; as, the Arctic, Western, dusky, and striped horned owls, differing in color, and inhabiting different regions; -- called also great horned owl, horn owl, eagle owl, and cat owl. Sometimes also applied to the long-eared owl. See Eared owl, under Eared. -- Horned poppy. (Bot.) See Horn poppy, under Horn. -- Horned pout (Zoˆl.), an American fresh-water siluroid fish; the bullpout. -- Horned rattler (Zoˆl.), a species of rattlesnake (Crotalus cerastes), inhabiting the dry, sandy plains, from California to Mexico. It has a pair of triangular horns between the eyes; -- called also sidewinder. -- Horned ray (Zoˆl.), the sea devil. -- Horned screamer (Zoˆl.), the kamichi. -- Horned snake (Zoˆl.), the cerastes. -- Horned toad (Zoˆl.), any lizard of the genus Phrynosoma, of which nine or ten species are known. These lizards have several hornlike spines on the head, and a broad, flat body, covered with spiny scales. They inhabit the dry, sandy plains from California to Mexico and Texas. Called also horned lizard. -- Horned viper. (Zoˆl.) See Cerastes.

Horn"ed*ness (?), n. The condition of being horned.

Horn"el (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The European sand eel. [Scot.]

Horn"er (?), n. 1. One who works or deal in horn or horns. [R.] Grew.

2. One who winds or blows the horn. [Obs.] Sherwood.

3. One who horns or cuckolds. [Obs.] Massinger.

4. (Zoˆl.) The British sand lance or sand eel (Ammodytes lanceolatus).

Hor"net (?), n. [AS. hyrnet; akin to OHG. hornaz, hornuz, G. horniss; perh. akin to E. horn, and named from the sound it makes as if blowing the horn; but more prob. akin to D. horzel, Lith. szirszone, L. crabo.] (Zoˆl.) A large, strong wasp. The European species (Vespa crabro) is of a dark brown and yellow color. It is very pugnacious, and its sting is very severe. Its nest is constructed of a paperlike material, and the layers of comb are hung together by columns. The American white-faced hornet (V. maculata) is larger and has similar habits.

Hornet fly (Zoˆl.), any dipterous insect of the genus Asilus, and allied genera, of which there are numerous species. They are large and fierce flies which capture bees and other insects, often larger than themselves, and suck their blood. Called also hawk fly, robber fly. -- To stir up a hornet's nest, to provoke the attack of a swarm of spiteful enemies or spirited critics. [Colloq.]

Horn"fish` (?), n. [AS. hornfisc.] (Zoˆl.) The garfish or sea needle.

Horn"foot` (?), a. Having hoofs; hoofed.

Horn"i*fy (?), v. t. [Horn + -fy.] To horn; to cuckold. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Horn"ing, n. Appearance of the moon when increasing, or in the form of a crescent. J. Gregory.

Letters of horning (Scots Law), the process or authority by which a person, directed by the decree of a court of justice to pay or perform anything, is ordered to comply therewith. Mozley & W.

Horn"ish, a. Somewhat like horn; hard.

||Hor*ni"to (?), n. [A dim. fr. Sp. horno oven, L. furnus. See ||Furnace.] (Geol.) A low, oven-shaped mound, common in volcanic ||regions, and emitting smoke and vapors from its sides and summit. ||Humboldt.

Horn"less (?), a. Having no horn.

Horn"-mad` (?), a. Quite mad; -- raving crazy.

Did I tell you about Mr. Garrick, that the town are horn-mad after?

Gray.

Hor"no*tine (?), n. [L. hornotinus of this year.] (Zoˆl.) A yearling; a bird of the year.

Horn"owl` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Horned Owl.

Horn"pike` (?), n. The garfish. [Prov. Eng.]

Horn"pipe` (?), n. (Mus.) (a) An instrument of music formerly popular in Wales, consisting of a wooden pipe, with holes at intervals. It was so called because the bell at the open end was sometimes made of horn. (b) A lively tune played on a hornpipe, for dancing; a tune adapted for such playing.

Many a hornpipe he tuned to his Phyllis.

Sir W. Raleigh.

(c) A dance performed, usually by one person, to such a tune, and popular among sailors.

Horn"pout` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Horned pout, under Horned.

Horn"snake` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A harmless snake (Farancia abacura), found in the Southern United States. The color is bluish black above, red below.

Horn"stone` (?), n. (Min.) A siliceous stone, a variety of quartz, closely resembling flint, but more brittle; -- called also chert.

Horn"tail` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any one of family (UroceridÊ) of large hymenopterous insects, allied to the sawflies. The larvÊ bore in the wood of trees. So called from the long, stout ovipositors of the females.

Horn"work` (?), n. (Fort.) An outwork composed of two demibastions joined by a curtain. It is connected with the works in rear by long wings.

Horn"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) An aquatic plant (Ceratophyllum), with finely divided leaves.

Horn"wrack` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A bryozoan of the genus Flustra.

Horn"y (?), a. [Compar. Hornier (?); superl. Horniest.] 1. Having horns or hornlike projections. Gay.

2. Composed or made of horn, or of a substance resembling horn; of the nature of horn. "The horny . . . coat of the eye." Ray.

3. Hard; callous. "His horny fist." Dryden.

Horn"y-hand`ed (?), a. Having the hands horny and callous from labor.

Horn"y*head` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any North American river chub of the genus Hybopsis, esp. H. biguttatus.

Ho*rog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; hour + -graphy: cf. F. horographie.] 1. An account of the hours. Chaucer.

2. The art of constructing instruments for making the hours, as clocks, watches, and dials.

Hor"o*loge (?), n. [OE. horologe, orloge, timepiece, OF. horloge, orloge, oriloge, F. horloge, L. horologium, fr. Gr. &?;; &?; hour + &?; to say, tell. See Hour, and Logic.] 1. A servant who called out the hours. [Obs.]

2. An instrument indicating the time of day; a timepiece of any kind; a watch, clock, or dial. Shak.

Ho*rol"o*ger (?), n. A maker or vender of clocks and watches; one skilled in horology.

Hor`o*log"ic*al (?), a. [L. horologicus, Gr. &?;.] Relating to a horologe, or to horology.

Hor`o*lo`gi*og"ra*pher (?), n. [See Horologiography.] A maker of clocks, watches, or dials.

Hor`o*lo`gi*o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to horologiography. Chambers.

Hor`o*lo`gi*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; horologe + -graphy.] 1. An account of instruments that show the hour.

2. The art of constructing clocks or dials; horography.

Ho*rol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in horology.

Ho*rol"o*gy (?), n. [See Horologe.] The science of measuring time, or the principles and art of constructing instruments for measuring and indicating portions of time, as clocks, watches, dials, etc.

Ho*rom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; hour + -meter.] An instrument for measuring time.

Hor`o*met"ric*al (?), a. Belonging to horometry.

Ho*rom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. horomÈtrie. See Horometer.] The art, practice, or method of measuring time by hours and subordinate divisions. "The horometry of antiquity." Sir T. Browne.

Ho*rop"ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; boundary + &?; one who looks.] (Opt.) The line or surface in which are situated all the points which are seen single while the point of sight, or the adjustment of the eyes, remains unchanged.

The sum of all the points which are seen single, while the point of sight remains unchanged, is called the horopter.

J. Le Conte.

Hor`op*ter"ic (?), a. (Opt.) Of or pertaining to the horopter.

Hor"o*scope (?), n. [F. horoscope, L. horoscopus, fr. Gr. &?;, adj., observing hours or times, esp. observing the hour of birth, n., a horoscope; &?; hour + &?; to view, observe. See Hour, and -scope.] 1. (Astrol.) (a) The representation made of the aspect of the heavens at the moment of a person's birth, by which the astrologer professed to foretell the events of the person's life; especially, the sign of the zodiac rising above the horizon at such a moment. (b) The diagram or scheme of twelve houses or signs of the zodiac, into which the whole circuit of the heavens was divided for the purposes of such prediction of fortune.

2. The planisphere invented by Jean Paduanus.

3. A table showing the length of the days and nights at all places. Heyse.

{ Hor"o*sco`per (?), Ho*ros"co*pist (?), } n. One versed in horoscopy; an astrologer.

Ho*ros"co*py (?), n. 1. The art or practice of casting horoscopes, or observing the disposition of the stars, with a view to prediction events.

2. Aspect of the stars at the time of a person's birth.

Hor*ren"dous (?), a. [L. horrendus.] Fearful; frightful. [Obs.] I. Watts.

Hor"rent (?), a. [L. horrens, p. pr. of horrere to bristle. See Horror.] Standing erect, as bristles; covered with bristling points; bristled; bristling.

Rough and horrent with figures in strong relief.

De Quincey.

With bright emblazonry and horrent arms.

Milton.

Hor"ri*ble (?), a. [OE. horrible, orrible, OF. horrible, orrible, F. horrible, fr. L. horribilis, fr. horrere. See Horror.] Exciting, or tending to excite, horror or fear; dreadful; terrible; shocking; hideous; as, a horrible sight; a horrible story; a horrible murder.

A dungeon horrible on all sides round.

Milton.

Syn. -- Dreadful; frightful; fearful; terrible; awful; terrific; shocking; hideous; horrid.

Hor"ri*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being horrible; dreadfulness; hideousness.

The horribleness of the mischief.

Sir P. Sidney.

Hor"ri*bly, adv. In a manner to excite horror; dreadfully; terribly.

Hor"rid (?), a. [L. horridus. See Horror, and cf. Ordure.] 1. Rough; rugged; bristling. [Archaic]

Horrid with fern, and intricate with thorn.

Dryden.

2. Fitted to excite horror; dreadful; hideous; shocking; hence, very offensive.

Not in the legions Of horrid hell.

Shak.

The horrid things they say.

Pope.

Syn. -- Frightful; hideous; alarming; shocking; dreadful; awful; terrific; horrible; abominable.

Hor"rid*ly, adv. In a horrid manner. Shak.

Hor"rid*ness, n. The quality of being horrid.

Hor*rif"ic (?), a. [L. horrifieus; horrere to be horrible + -ficare (in comp.) to make: cf. F. horrifique. See Horror, - fy.] Causing horror; frightful.

Let . . . nothing ghastly or horrific be supposed.

I. Taylor.

Hor`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. That which causes horror. [R.] Miss Edgeworth.

Hor"ri*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Horrified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Horrifying (?).] [L. horrificare. See Horrific.] To cause to feel horror; to strike or impress with horror; as, the sight horrified the beholders. E. Irving.

Hor*rip`i*la"tion (?), n. [L. horripilatio, fr. horripilare to bristle; horrere to bristle + pilus the hair: cf. F. horripilation.] (Med.) A real or fancied bristling of the hair of the head or body, resulting from disease, terror, chilliness, etc.

Hor*ris"o*nant (?), a. Horrisonous. [Obs.]

Hor*ris"o*nous (?), a. [L. horrisonus; horrere to be horrible + sonus a sound.] Sounding dreadfully; uttering a terrible sound. [Obs.] Bailey.

Hor"ror (?), n. [Formerly written horrour.] [L. horror, fr. horrere to bristle, to shiver, to tremble with cold or dread, to be dreadful or terrible; cf. Skr. h&?;sh to bristle.] 1. A bristling up; a rising into roughness; tumultuous movement. [Archaic]

Such fresh horror as you see driven through the wrinkled waves.

Chapman.

2. A shaking, shivering, or shuddering, as in the cold fit which precedes a fever; in old medical writings, a chill of less severity than a rigor, and more marked than an algor.

3. A painful emotion of fear, dread, and abhorrence; a shuddering with terror and detestation; the feeling inspired by something frightful and shocking.

How could this, in the sight of heaven, without horrors of conscience be uttered?

Milton.

4. That which excites horror or dread, or is horrible; gloom; dreariness.

Breathes a browner horror on the woods.

Pope.

The horrors, delirium tremens. [Colloq.]

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Hor"ror-stick`en (?), a. Struck with horror; horrified.

Blank and horror-stricken faces.

C. Kingsley.

Hor"ror-struck` (?), a. Horror- stricken; horrified. M. Arnold.

||Hors` de com`bat" (?). [F.] Out of the combat; disabled from ||fighting.

Horse (hÙrs), n. [AS. hors; akin to OS. hros, D. & OHG. ros, G. ross, Icel. hross; and perh. to L. currere to run, E. course, current Cf. Walrus.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A hoofed quadruped of the genus Equus; especially, the domestic horse (E. caballus), which was domesticated in Egypt and Asia at a very early period. It has six broad molars, on each side of each jaw, with six incisors, and two canine teeth, both above and below. The mares usually have the canine teeth rudimentary or wanting. The horse differs from the true asses, in having a long, flowing mane, and the tail bushy to the base. Unlike the asses it has callosities, or chestnuts, on all its legs. The horse excels in strength, speed, docility, courage, and nobleness of character, and is used for drawing, carrying, bearing a rider, and like purposes.

Many varieties, differing in form, size, color, gait, speed, etc., are known, but all are believed to have been derived from the same original species. It is supposed to have been a native of the plains of Central Asia, but the wild species from which it was derived is not certainly known. The feral horses of America are domestic horses that have run wild; and it is probably true that most of those of Asia have a similar origin. Some of the true wild Asiatic horses do, however, approach the domestic horse in several characteristics. Several species of fossil (Equus) are known from the later Tertiary formations of Europe and America. The fossil species of other genera of the family EquidÊ are also often called horses, in general sense.

2. The male of the genus horse, in distinction from the female or male; usually, a castrated male.

3. Mounted soldiery; cavalry; -- used without the plural termination; as, a regiment of horse; -- distinguished from foot.

The armies were appointed, consisting of twenty-five thousand horse and foot.

Bacon.

4. A frame with legs, used to support something; as, a clotheshorse, a sawhorse, etc.

5. A frame of timber, shaped like a horse, on which soldiers were made to ride for punishment.

6. Anything, actual or figurative, on which one rides as on a horse; a hobby.

7. (Mining) A mass of earthy matter, or rock of the same character as the wall rock, occurring in the course of a vein, as of coal or ore; hence, to take horse -- said of a vein -- is to divide into branches for a distance.

8. (Naut.) (a) See Footrope, a. (b) A breastband for a leadsman. (c) An iron bar for a sheet traveler to slide upon. (d) A jackstay. W. C. Russell. Totten.

Horse is much used adjectively and in composition to signify of, or having to do with, a horse or horses, like a horse, etc.; as, horse collar, horse dealer or horse&?;dealer, horsehoe, horse jockey; and hence, often in the sense of strong, loud, coarse, etc.; as, horselaugh, horse nettle or horse-nettle, horseplay, horse ant, etc.

Black horse, Blood horse, etc. See under Black, etc. -- Horse aloes, caballine aloes. -- Horse ant (Zoˆl.), a large ant (Formica rufa); -- called also horse emmet. -- Horse artillery, that portion of the artillery in which the cannoneers are mounted, and which usually serves with the cavalry; flying artillery. -- Horse balm (Bot.), a strong-scented labiate plant (Collinsonia Canadensis), having large leaves and yellowish flowers. -- Horse bean (Bot.), a variety of the English or Windsor bean (Faba vulgaris), grown for feeding horses. -- Horse boat, a boat for conveying horses and cattle, or a boat propelled by horses. -- Horse bot. (Zoˆl.) See Botfly, and Bots. -- Horse box, a railroad car for transporting valuable horses, as hunters. [Eng.] -- Horse breaker or trainer, one employed in subduing or training horses for use. -- Horse car. (a) A railroad car drawn by horses. See under Car. (b) A car fitted for transporting horses. -- Horse cassia (Bot.), a leguminous plant (Cassia Javanica), bearing long pods, which contain a black, catharic pulp, much used in the East Indies as a horse medicine. -- Horse cloth, a cloth to cover a horse. -- Horse conch (Zoˆl.), a large, spiral, marine shell of the genus Triton. See Triton. -- Horse courser. (a) One that runs horses, or keeps horses for racing. Johnson. (b) A dealer in horses. [Obs.] Wiseman. -- Horse crab (Zoˆl.), the Limulus; -- called also horsefoot, horsehoe crab, and king crab. -- Horse crevallÈ (Zoˆl.), the cavally. -- Horse emmet (Zoˆl.), the horse ant. -- Horse finch (Zoˆl.), the chaffinch. [Prov. Eng.] -- Horse gentian (Bot.), fever root. -- Horse iron (Naut.), a large calking iron. -- Horse latitudes, a space in the North Atlantic famous for calms and baffling winds, being between the westerly winds of higher latitudes and the trade winds. Ham. Nav. Encyc. -- Horse mackrel. (Zoˆl.) (a) The common tunny (Orcynus thunnus), found on the Atlantic coast of Europe and America, and in the Mediterranean. (b) The bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix). (c) The scad. (d) The name is locally applied to various other fishes, as the California hake, the black candlefish, the jurel, the bluefish, etc. -- Horse marine (Naut.), an awkward, lubbery person; one of a mythical body of marine cavalry. [Slang] -- Horse mussel (Zoˆl.), a large, marine mussel (Modiola modiolus), found on the northern shores of Europe and America. -- Horse nettle (Bot.), a coarse, prickly, American herb, the Solanum Carolinense. -- Horse parsley. (Bot.) See Alexanders. -- Horse purslain (Bot.), a coarse fleshy weed of tropical America (Trianthema monogymnum). -- Horse race, a race by horses; a match of horses in running or trotting. -- Horse racing, the practice of racing with horses. -- Horse railroad, a railroad on which the cars are drawn by horses; -- in England, and sometimes in the United States, called a tramway. -- Horse run (Civil Engin.), a device for drawing loaded wheelbarrows up an inclined plane by horse power. -- Horse sense, strong common sense. [Colloq. U.S.] -- Horse soldier, a cavalryman. -- Horse sponge (Zoˆl.), a large, coarse, commercial sponge (Spongia equina). -- Horse stinger (Zoˆl.), a large dragon fly. [Prov. Eng.] -- Horse sugar (Bot.), a shrub of the southern part of the United States (Symplocos tinctoria), whose leaves are sweet, and good for fodder. -- Horse tick (Zoˆl.), a winged, dipterous insect (Hippobosca equina), which troubles horses by biting them, and sucking their blood; -- called also horsefly, horse louse, and forest fly. -- Horse vetch (Bot.), a plant of the genus Hippocrepis (H. comosa), cultivated for the beauty of its flowers; -- called also horsehoe vetch, from the peculiar shape of its pods. -- Iron horse, a locomotive. [Colloq.] -- Salt horse, the sailor's name for salt beef. -- To look a gift horse in the mouth, to examine the mouth of a horse which has been received as a gift, in order to ascertain his age; -- hence, to accept favors in a critical and thankless spirit. Lowell. -- To take horse. (a) To set out on horseback. Macaulay. (b) To be covered, as a mare. (c) See definition 7 (above).

Horse (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Horsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Horsing.] [AS. horsion.] 1. To provide with a horse, or with horses; to mount on, or as on, a horse. "Being better horsed, outrode me." Shak.

2. To sit astride of; to bestride. Shak.

3. To cover, as a mare; -- said of the male.

4. To take or carry on the back; as, the keeper, horsing a deer. S. Butler.

5. To place on the back of another, or on a wooden horse, etc., to be flogged; to subject to such punishment.

Horse, v. i. To get on horseback. [Obs.] Shelton.

Horse"back` (?), n. 1. The back of a horse.

2. An extended ridge of sand, gravel, and bowlders, in a half-stratified condition. Agassiz.

On horseback, on the back of a horse; mounted or riding on a horse or horses; in the saddle.

The long journey was to be performed on horseback.

Prescott.

Horse`-chest"nut (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The large nutlike seed of a species of ∆sculus (∆. Hippocastanum), formerly ground, and fed to horses, whence the name. (b) The tree itself, which was brought from Constantinople in the beginning of the sixteenth century, and is now common in the temperate zones of both hemispheres. The native American species are called buckeyes.

Horse"-drench` (?), n. 1. A dose of physic for a horse. Shak.

2. The appliance by which the dose is administered.

Horse"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) The moonfish (Selene setipinnis). (b) The sauger.

Horse"flesh` (?), n. 1. The flesh of horses.

The Chinese eat horseflesh at this day.

Bacon.

2. Horses, generally; the qualities of a horse; as, he is a judge of horseflesh. [Colloq.]

Horseflesh ore (Min.), a miner's name for bornite, in allusion to its peculiar reddish color on fresh facture.

Horse"fly` (?), n.; pl. Horseflies (&?;). 1. (Zoˆl.) Any dipterous fly of the family TabanidÊ, that stings horses, and sucks their blood.

Of these flies there are numerous species, both in Europe and America. They have a large proboscis with four sharp lancets for piercing the skin. Called also breeze fly. See Illust. under Diptera, and Breeze fly.

2. (Zoˆl.) The horse tick or forest fly (Hippobosca).

Horse"foot` (?), n.; pl. Horsefeet (#). 1. (Bot.) The coltsfoot.

2. (Zoˆl.) The Limulus or horseshoe crab.

Horse" Guards` (?). (Mil.) A body of cavalry so called; esp., a British regiment, called the Royal Horse Guards, which furnishes guards of state for the sovereign.

The Horse Guards, a name given to the former headquarters of the commander in chief of the British army, at Whitehall in London.

Horse"hair` (?), n. A hair of a horse, especially one from the mane or tail; the hairs of the mane or tail taken collectively; a fabric or tuft made of such hairs.

Horsehair worm (Zoˆl.), the hair worm or gordius.

Horse"head` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The silver moonfish (Selene vomer).

Horse"hide` (?), n. 1. The hide of a horse.

2. Leather made of the hide of a horse.

Horse"-jock`ey (?), n. 1. A professional rider and trainer of race horses.

2. A trainer and dealer in horses.

Horse"knop` (?), n. (Bot.) Knapweed.

Horse"laugh` (?), n. A loud, boisterous laugh; a guffaw. Pope.

Horse"-leech` (?), n. 1. (Zoˆl.) A large blood-sucking leech (HÊmopsis vorax), of Europe and Northern Africa. It attacks the lips and mouths of horses.

2. A farrier; a veterinary surgeon.

Horse"-leech`er*y (?), n. The business of a farrier; especially, the art of curing the diseases of horses.

Horse"-lit`ter (?), n. A carriage hung on poles, and borne by and between two horses. Milton.

Horse"man (?), n.; pl. Horsemen (&?;). 1. A rider on horseback; one skilled in the management of horses; a mounted man.

2. (Mil.) A mounted soldier; a cavalryman.

3. (Zoˆl.) (a) A land crab of the genus Ocypoda, living on the coast of Brazil and the West Indies, noted for running very swiftly. (b) A West Indian fish of the genus Eques, as the light-horseman (E. lanceolatus).

Horse"man*ship, n. The act or art of riding, and of training and managing horses; manege.

Horse"mint` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A coarse American plant of the Mint family (Monarda punctata). (b) In England, the wild mint (Mentha sylvestris).

Horse"nail` (?), n. A thin, pointed nail, with a heavy flaring head, for securing a horsehoe to the hoof; a horsehoe nail.

Horse"play` (?), n. Rude, boisterous play.

Too much given to horseplay in his raillery.

Dryden.

Horse"pond` (?), n. A pond for watering horses.

Horse" pow`er (?). 1. The power which a horse exerts.

2. (Mach.) A unit of power, used in stating the power required to drive machinery, and in estimating the capabilities of animals or steam engines and other prime movers for doing work. It is the power required for the performance of work at the rate of 33,000 English units of work per minute; hence, it is the power that must be exerted in lifting 33,000 pounds at the rate of one foot per minute, or 550 pounds at the rate of one foot per second, or 55 pounds at the rate of ten feet per second, etc.

The power of a draught horse, of average strength, working eight hours per day, is about four fifths of a standard horse power.

Brake horse power, the net effective power of a prime mover, as a steam engine, water wheel, etc., in horse powers, as shown by a friction brake. See Friction brake, under Friction. -- Indicated horse power, the power exerted in the cylinder of an engine, stated in horse powers, estimated from the diameter and speed of the piston, and the mean effective pressure upon it as shown by an indicator. See Indicator. -- Nominal horse power (Steam Engine), a term still sometimes used in England to express certain proportions of cylinder, but having no value as a standard of measurement.

3. A machine worked by a horse, for driving other machinery; a horse motor.

Horse"-rad`ish (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Nasturtium (N. Armoracia), allied to scurvy grass, having a root of a pungent taste, much used, when grated, as a condiment and in medicine. Gray.

Horse-radish tree. (Bot.) See Moringa.

Horse"rake` (?), n. A rake drawn by a horse.

Horse"shoe` (?), n. 1. A shoe for horses, consisting of a narrow plate of iron in form somewhat like the letter U, nailed to a horse's hoof.

2. Anything shaped like a horsehoe.

3. (Zoˆl.) The Limulus or horsehoe crab.

Horsehoe head (Med.), an old name for the condition of the skull in children, in which the sutures are too open, the coronal suture presenting the form of a horsehoe. Dunglison. -- Horsehoe magnet, an artificial magnet in the form of a horsehoe. -- Horsehoe nail. See Horsenail. -- Horsehoe nose (Zoˆl.), a bat of the genus Rhinolophus, having a nasal fold of skin shaped like a horsehoe.

Horse"shoe`ing (?), n. The act or employment of shoeing horses.

Horse"sho`er (?), n. One who shoes horses.

Horse"tail` (?), n. 1. (Bot.) A leafless plant, with hollow and rushlike stems. It is of the genus Equisetum, and is allied to the ferns. See Illust. of Equisetum.

2. A Turkish standard, denoting rank.

Commanders are distinguished by the number of horsetails carried before them. Thus, the sultan has seven, the grand vizier five, and the pashas three, two, or one.

Shrubby horsetail. (Bot.) See Joint-fir.

Horse"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) A composite plant (Erigeron Canadensis), which is a common weed.

Horse"whip` (?), n. A whip for horses.

Horse"whip`, v. t. To flog or chastise with a horsewhip.

Horse"wom`an (?), n.; pl. Horsewomen (&?;). A woman who rides on horseback.

Horse"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) A West Indian tree (Calliandra latifolia) with showy, crimson blossoms.

Horse"worm` (?), n. The larva of a botfly.

Hors"i*ness (?), n. 1. The condition or quality of being a horse; that which pertains to a horse. Tennyson.

2. Fondness for, or interest in, horses.

Hors"ly (?), a. Horselike. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hors"y (?), a. Pertaining to, or suggestive of, a horse, or of horse racing; as, horsy manners; garments of fantastically horsy fashions. [Colloq.]

Hor*ta"tion (?), n. [L. hortatio, fr. hortari to incite, exhort, fr. hori to urge.] The act of exhorting, inciting, or giving advice; exhortation. [R.]

Hor"ta*tive (?), a. [L. hortativus.] Giving exhortation; advisory; exhortative. Bullokar.

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Hor"ta*tive (?), n. An exhortation. [Obs.]

Hor"ta*to*ry (?), a. [L. hortatorius.] Giving exhortation or advise; encouraging; exhortatory; inciting; as, a hortatory speech. Holland.

Hor*ten"sial (?), a. [L. hortensius, hortensis, fr. hortus garden; akin to E. yard an inclosure.] Fit for a garden. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Hor"ti*cul`tor (?), n. [NL., fr. L. hortus garden + cultor a cultivator, colere to cultivate.] One who cultivates a garden.

Hor`ti*cul"tur*al (?), a. [Cf. F. horticultural.] Of or pertaining to horticulture, or the culture of gardens or orchards.

Hor"ti*cul`ture (?), n. [L. hortus garden + cultura culture: cf. F. horticulture. See Yard an inclosure, and Culture.] The cultivation of a garden or orchard; the art of cultivating gardens or orchards.

Hor`ti*cul"tur*ist (?), n. One who practices horticulture.

Hor"tu*lan (?), a. [L. hortulanus; hortus garden.] Belonging to a garden. [Obs.] Evelyn.

||Hor"tus sic"cus (?). [L., a dry garden.] A collection of specimens of ||plants, dried and preserved, and arranged systematically; an ||herbarium.

Hort"yard (?), n. An orchard. [Obs.]

Ho*san"na (h*zn"n), n.; pl. Hosannas (- nz). [Gr. &?;, fr. Heb. hsh'h nnsave now, save, we pray, hsha' to save (Hiphil, a causative form, of ysha') + n, a particle.] A Hebrew exclamation of praise to the Lord, or an invocation of blessings. "Hosanna to the Highest." Milton.

Hosanna to the Son of David.

Matt. xxi. 9.

Hose (hz), n.; pl. Hose, formerly Hosen (h"z'n). [AS. hose; akin to D. hoos, G. hose breeches, OHG. hosa, Icel. hosa stocking, gather, Dan. hose stocking; cf. Russ. koshulia a fur jacket.] 1. Close-fitting trousers or breeches, as formerly worn, reaching to the knee.

These men were bound in their coats, their hosen, and their hats, and their other garments.

Dan. iii. 21.

His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide For his shrunk shank.

Shak.

2. Covering for the feet and lower part of the legs; a stocking or stockings.

3. A flexible pipe, made of leather, India rubber, or other material, and used for conveying fluids, especially water, from a faucet, hydrant, or fire engine.

Hose carriage, cart, or truck, a wheeled vehicle fitted for conveying hose for extinguishing fires. -- Hose company, a company of men appointed to bring and manage hose in the extinguishing of fires. [U.S.] -- Hose coupling, coupling with interlocking parts for uniting hose, end to end. -- Hose wrench, a spanner for turning hose couplings, to unite or disconnect them.

Ho"sen (?), n. pl. See Hose. [Archaic]

Ho"sier (?), n. One who deals in hose or stocking, or in goods knit or woven like hose.

Ho"sier*y (?), n. 1. The business of a hosier.

2. Stockings, in general; goods knit or woven like hose.

Hos"pice (?), n. [F., fr. L. hospitium hospitality, a place where strangers are entertained, fr. hospes stranger, guest. See Host a landlord.] A convent or monastery which is also a place of refuge or entertainment for travelers on some difficult road or pass, as in the Alps; as, the Hospice of the Great St. Bernard.

Hos"pi*ta*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. hospitable, LL. hospitare to receive as a guest. See Host a landlord.] 1. Receiving and entertaining strangers or guests with kindness and without reward; kind to strangers and guests; characterized by hospitality. Shak.

2. Proceeding from or indicating kindness and generosity to guests and strangers; as, hospitable rites.

To where you taper cheers the vale With hospitable ray.

Goldsmith.

Hos"pi*ta*ble*ness, n. The quality of being hospitable; hospitality. Barrow.

Hos"pi*ta*bly, adv. In a hospitable manner.

Hos"pi*tage (?), n. [LL. hospitagium, for L. hospitium. See Hospice.] Hospitality. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hos"pi*tal (?), n. [OF. hospital, ospital, F. hÙpital, LL. hospitale (or perh. E. hospital is directly from the Late Latin), from L. hospitalis relating to a guest, hospitalia apartments for guests, fr. hospes guest. See Host a landlord, and cf. Hostel, Hotel, Spital.] 1. A place for shelter or entertainment; an inn. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. A building in which the sick, injured, or infirm are received and treated; a public or private institution founded for reception and cure, or for the refuge, of persons diseased in body or mind, or disabled, infirm, or dependent, and in which they are treated either at their own expense, or more often by charity in whole or in part; a tent, building, or other place where the sick or wounded of an army cared for.

Hospital ship, a vessel fitted up for a floating hospital. -- Hospital Sunday, a Sunday set apart for simultaneous contribution in churches to hospitals; as, the London Hospital Sunday.

Hos"pi*tal, a. [L. hospitalis: cf. OF. hospital.] Hospitable. [Obs.] Howell.

Hos"pi*tal*er (?), n. [Written also hospitaller.] [F. hospitalier. See Hospital, and cf. Hostler.] 1. One residing in a hospital, for the purpose of receiving the poor, the sick, and strangers.

2. One of an order of knights who built a hospital at Jerusalem for pilgrims, A. D. 1042. They were called Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, and after the removal of the order to Malta, Knights of Malta.

Hos"pi*tal*ism (?), n. (Med.) A vitiated condition of the body, due to long confinement in a hospital, or the morbid condition of the atmosphere of a hospital.

Hos`pi*tal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Hospitalities (#). [L. hospitalitas: cf. F. hospitalitÈ.] The act or practice of one who is hospitable; reception and entertainment of strangers or guests without reward, or with kind and generous liberality.

Given to hospitality.

Rom. xii. 13.

And little recks to find the way to heaven By doing deeds of hospitality.

Shak.

Hos"pi*tal*ize (?), v. t. (Med.) To render (a building) unfit for habitation, by long continued use as a hospital.

Hos"pi*tate (?), v. i. [L. hospitatus, p. p. of hospitari to be a guest, fr. hospes guest.] To receive hospitality; to be a guest. [Obs.] Grew.

Hos"pi*tate, v. t. To receive with hospitality; to lodge as a guest. [Obs.] Cockeram.

||Hos*pi"ti*um (?), n. [L. See Hospice.] 1. An inn; a lodging; a ||hospice. [Obs.]

2. (Law) An inn of court.

||Hos"po*dar` (?), n. [A Slav. word; cf. Russ. gospodare lord, master.] ||A title borne by the princes or governors of Moldavia and Wallachia ||before those countries were united as Roumania.

Host (hst), n. [LL. hostia sacrifice, victim, from hostire to strike.] (R. C. Ch.) The consecrated wafer, believed to be the body of Christ, which in the Mass is offered as a sacrifice; also, the bread before consecration.

In the Latin Vulgate the word was applied to the Savior as being an offering for the sins of men.

Host, n. [OE. host, ost, OF. host, ost, fr. L. hostis enemy, LL., army. See Guest, and cf. Host a landlord.] 1. An army; a number of men gathered for war.

A host so great as covered all the field.

Dryden.

2. Any great number or multitude; a throng.

And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God.

Luke ii. 13.

All at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils.

Wordsworth.

Host, n. [OE. host, ost, OF. hoste, oste, F. hÙte, from L. hospes a stranger who is treated as a guest, he who treats another as his guest, a hostl prob. fr. hostis stranger, enemy (akin to E. guest a visitor) + potis able; akin to Skr. pati master, lord. See Host an army, Possible, and cf. Hospitable, Hotel.] One who receives or entertains another, whether gratuitously or for compensation; one from whom another receives food, lodging, or entertainment; a landlord. Chaucer. "Fair host and Earl." Tennyson.

Time is like a fashionable host, That slightly shakes his parting guest by the hand.

Shak.

Host, v. t. To give entertainment to. [Obs.] Spenser.

Host, v. i. To lodge at an inn; to take up entertainment. [Obs.] "Where you shall host." Shak.

Hos"tage (?), n. [OE. hostage, OF. hostage, ostage, F. Ùtage, LL. hostaticus, ostaticum, for hospitaticum, fr. L. hospes guest, host. The first meaning is, the state of a guest, hospitality; hence, the state of a hostage (treated as a guest); and both these meanings occur in Old French. See Host a landlord.] A person given as a pledge or security for the performance of the conditions of a treaty or stipulations of any kind, on the performance of which the person is to be released.

Your hostages I have, so have you mine; And we shall talk before we fight.

Shak.

He that hath a wife and children hath given hostages to fortune.

Bacon.

Hos"tel (?), n. [OE. hostel, ostel, OF. hostel, ostel, LL. hospitale, hospitalis, fr. L. hospitalis. See Hospital, and cf. Hotel.] 1. An inn. [Archaic] Poe.

So pass I hostel, hall, and grange.

Tennyson.

2. A small, unendowed college in Oxford or Cambridge. [Obs.] Holinshed.

Hos"tel*er (?), n. [See Hostel, and cf. Hostler.] 1. The keeper of a hostel or inn.

2. A student in a hostel, or small unendowed collede in Oxford or Cambridge. [Obs.] Fuller.

Hos"tel*ry (?), n. [OE. hostelrie, hostelrye, ostelrie, OF. hostelerie, fr. hostel. See Hostel.] An inn; a lodging house. [Archaic] Chaucer. "Homely brought up in a rude hostelry." B. Jonson.

Come with me to the hostelry.

Longfellow.

Host"ess (?), n. [OE. hostesse, ostesse. See Host a landlord.] 1. A female host; a woman who hospitably entertains guests at her house. Shak.

2. A woman who entertains guests for compensation; a female innkeeper. Shak.

Host"ess-ship, n. The character, personality, or office of a hostess. Shak.

Hos"tie (?), n. [F. See 1st Host.] The consecrated wafer; the host. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.

Hos"tile (?), a. [L. hostilis, from hostis enemy: cf. F. hostile. See Host an army.] Belonging or appropriate to an enemy; showing the disposition of an enemy; showing ill will and malevolence, or a desire to thwart and injure; occupied by an enemy or enemies; inimical; unfriendly; as, a hostile force; hostile intentions; a hostile country; hostile to a sudden change.

Syn. -- Warlike; inimical; unfriendly; antagonistic; opposed; adverse; opposite; contrary; repugnant.

Hos"tile, n. An enemy; esp., an American Indian in arms against the whites; -- commonly in the plural. [Colloq.] P. H. Sheridan.

Hos"tile*ly, adv. In a hostile manner.

Hos*til"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Hostilities (#). [L. hostilitas: cf. F. hostilitÈ.] 1. State of being hostile; public or private enemy; unfriendliness; animosity.

Hostility being thus suspended with France.

Hayward.

2. An act of an open enemy; a hostile deed; especially in the plural, acts of warfare; attacks of an enemy.

We have showed ourselves generous adversaries . . . and have carried on even our hostilities with humanity.

Atterbury.

He who proceeds to wanton hostility, often provokes an enemy where he might have a friend.

Crabb.

Syn. -- Animosity; enmity; opposition; violence; aggression; contention; warfare.

Hos"til*ize (?), v. t. To make hostile; to cause to become an enemy. [Obs.] A. Seward.

Host"ing (?), n. [From Host an army.] [Obs.] 1. An encounter; a battle. "Fierce hosting." Milton.

2. A muster or review. Spenser.

Hos"tler (?), n. [OE. hosteler, osteler, innkeeper, OF. hostelier, F. hÙtelier. See Hostel, and cf. Hospitaler, Hosteler.] 1. An innkeeper. [Obs.] See Hosteler.

2. The person who has the care of horses at an inn or stable; hence, any one who takes care of horses; a groom; - - so called because the innkeeper formerly attended to this duty in person.

3. (Railroad) The person who takes charge of a locomotive when it is left by the engineer after a trip.

Host"less (?), a. Inhospitable. [Obs.] "A hostless house." Spenser.

Host"ry (?), n. [OE. hosterie, osterie, OF. hosterie. See Host a landlord.] 1. A hostelry; an inn or lodging house. [Obs.] Marlowe.

2. A stable for horses. [Obs.] Johnson.

Hot (?), imp. & p. p. of Hote. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hot (?), a. [Compar. Hotter (?); superl. Hottest (?).] [OE. hot, hat, AS. ht; akin to OS. ht, D. heet, OHG. heiz, G. heiss, Icel. heitr, Sw. het, Dan. heed, hed; cf. Goth. heit fever, hais torch. Cf. Heat.] 1. Having much sensible heat; exciting the feeling of warmth in a great degree; very warm; -- opposed to cold, and exceeding warm in degree; as, a hot stove; hot water or air. "A hotvenison pasty." Shak.

2. Characterized by heat, ardor, or animation; easily excited; firely; vehement; passionate; violent; eager.

Achilles is impatient, hot, and revengeful.

Dryden.

There was mouthing in hot haste.

Byron.

3. Lustful; lewd; lecherous. Shak.

4. Acrid; biting; pungent; as, hot as mustard.

Hot bed (Iron Manuf.), an iron platform in a rolling mill, on which hot bars, rails, etc., are laid to cool. -- Hot wall (Gardening), a wall provided with flues for the conducting of heat, to hasten the growth of fruit trees or the ripening of fruit. -- Hot well (Condensing Engines), a receptacle for the hot water drawn from the condenser by the air pump. This water is returned to the boiler, being drawn from the hot well by the feed pump. -- In hot water (Fig.), in trouble; in difficulties. [Colloq.]

Syn. -- Burning; fiery; fervid; glowing; eager; animated; brisk; vehement; precipitate; violent; furious; ardent; fervent; impetuous; irascible; passionate; hasty; excitable.

Hot"bed` (?), n. 1. (Gardening) A bed of earth heated by fermenting manure or other substances, and covered with glass, intended for raising early plants, or for nourishing exotics.

2. A place which favors rapid growth or development; as, a hotbed of sedition.

Hot" blast` (?). See under Blast.

Hot"-blood`ed (?), a. Having hot blood; excitable; high-spirited; irritable; ardent; passionate.

Hot"-brained` (?), a. Ardent in temper; violent; rash; impetuous; as, hot-brained youth. Dryden.

{ Hotch"pot` (?), Hotch"potch` (?), } n. [F. hochepot, fr. hocher to shake + pot pot; both of Dutch or German origin; cf. OD. hutspot hotchpotch, D. hotsen, hutsen, to shake. See Hustle, and Pot, and cf. Hodgepodge.] 1. A mingled mass; a confused mixture; a stew of various ingredients; a hodgepodge.

A mixture or hotchpotch of many tastes.

Bacon.

2. (Law) A blending of property for equality of division, as when lands given in frank-marriage to one daughter were, after the death of the ancestor, blended with the lands descending to her and to her sisters from the same ancestor, and then divided in equal portions among all the daughters. In modern usage, a mixing together, or throwing into a common mass or stock, of the estate left by a person deceased and the amounts advanced to any particular child or children, for the purpose of a more equal division, or of equalizing the shares of all the children; the property advanced being accounted for at its value when given. Bouvier. Tomlins.

This term has been applied in cases of salvage. Story. It corresponds in a measure with collation in the civil and Scotch law. See Collation. Bouvier. Tomlins.

Hot"coc`kles (?), n. [Hot + cockle, cockle being perh. corrupt. fr. knuckle. Cf. F. main chaude (lit., hot hand) hotcockles.] A childish play, in which one covers his eyes, and guesses who strikes him or his hand placed behind him.

Hote (?), v. t. & i. [pres. & imp. Hatte (?), Hot (&?;), etc.; p. p. Hote, Hoten (&?;), Hot, etc. See Hight, Hete.] 1. To command; to enjoin. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

2. To promise. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. To be called; to be named. [Obs.]

There as I was wont to hote Arcite, Now hight I Philostrate, not worth a mite.

Chaucer.

Ho*tel" (?), n. [F. hÙtel, OF. hostel. See Hostel.] 1. A house for entertaining strangers or travelers; an inn or public house, of the better class.

2. In France, the mansion or town residence of a person of rank or wealth.

||HÙtel`-de-ville" (?), n. [F.] A city hall or townhouse.

||HÙtel`-Dieu" (?), n. [F.] A hospital.

Hot"en (?), p. p. of Hote.

Hot"foot` (?), adv. In haste; foothot. [Colloq.]

Hot"-head` (?), n. A violent, passionate person; a hasty or impetuous person; as, the rant of a hot-head.

Hot"-head`ed, a. Fiery; violent; rash; hasty; impetuous; vehement. Macaulay.

Hot"house` (?), n. 1. A house kept warm to shelter tender plants and shrubs from the cold air; a place in which the plants of warmer climates may be reared, and fruits ripened.

2. A bagnio, or bathing house. [Obs.] Shak.

3. A brothel; a bagnio. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

4. (Pottery) A heated room for drying green ware.

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Hot"-liv`ered (?), a. Of an excitable or irritable temperament; irascible. Milton.

Hot"ly, adv. [From Hot, a.] 1. In a hot or fiery manner; ardently; vehemently; violently; hastily; as, a hotly pursued.

2. In a lustful manner; lustfully. Dryden.

Hot"-mouthed` (?), a. Headstrong.

That hot-mouthed beast that bears against the curb.

Dryden.

Hot"ness, n. 1. The quality or state of being hot.

2. Heat or excitement of mind or manner; violence; vehemence; impetuousity; ardor; fury. M. Arnold.

Hot"press` (?), v. t. To apply heat to, in conjunction with mechanical pressure, for the purpose of giving a smooth and glossy surface, or to express oil, etc.; as, to hotpress paper, linen, etc.

Hot"pressed` (?), a. Pressed while heat is applied. See Hotpress, v. t.

Hot"-short` (?), a. (Metal.) More or less brittle when heated; as, hot-short iron.

Hot"-spir`it*ed (?), a. Having a fiery spirit; hot-headed.

Hot"spur` (?), n. [Hot + spur.] A rash, hot-headed man. Holinshed.

{ Hot"spur`, Hot"spurred` (?) }, a. Violent; impetuous; headstrong. Spenser. Peacham.

Hot"ten*tot (?), n. [D. Hottentot; -- so called from hot and tot, two syllables of frequent occurrence in their language. Wedgwood.] 1. (Ethnol.) One of a degraded and savage race of South Africa, with yellowish brown complexion, high cheek bones, and wooly hair growing in tufts.

2. The language of the Hottentots, which is remarkable for its clicking sounds.

Hottentot cherry (Bot.), a South African plant of the genus Cassine (C. maurocenia), having handsome foliage, with generally inconspicuous white or green flowers. Loudon. -- Hottentot's bread. (Bot.) See Elephant's foot (a), under Elephant.

Hot"ten*tot*ism (?), n. A term employed to describe one of the varieties of stammering. Tylor.

Hou"dah (?), n. See Howdah.

Hough (?), n. Same as Hock, a joint.

Hough, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Houghed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Houghing.] Same as Hock, to hamstring.

Hough, n. [Cf. D. hak. Cf. Hack.] An adz; a hoe. [Obs.] Bp. Stillingfleet.

Hough, v. t. To cut with a hoe. [Obs.] Johnson.

Hou"let (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An owl. See Howlet.

Hoult (?), n. A piece of woodland; a small wood. [Obs.] See Holt.

Hound (?), n. [OE. hound, hund, dog, AS. hund; akin to OS. & OFries. hund, D. hond, G. hund, OHG. hunt, Icel. hundr, Dan. & Sw. hund, Goth. hunds, and prob. to Lith. sz&?;, Ir. & Gael. cu, L. canis, Gr. &?;, &?;, Skr. Ávan. &radic;229. Cf. Canine, Cynic, Kennel.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A variety of the domestic dog, usually having large, drooping ears, esp. one which hunts game by scent, as the foxhound, bloodhound, deerhound, but also used for various breeds of fleet hunting dogs, as the greyhound, boarhound, etc.

Hounds and greyhounds, mongrels, spaniels, curs.

Shak.

2. A despicable person. "Boy! false hound!" Shak.

3. (Zoˆl.) A houndfish.

4. pl. (Naut.) Projections at the masthead, serving as a support for the trestletrees and top to rest on.

5. A side bar used to strengthen portions of the running gear of a vehicle.

To follow the hounds, to hunt with hounds.

Hound, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Hounding.] 1. To set on the chase; to incite to pursuit; as, to hounda dog at a hare; to hound on pursuers. Abp. Bramhall.

2. To hunt or chase with hounds, or as with hounds. L'Estrange.

Hound"fish (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any small shark of the genus Galeus or Mustelus, of which there are several species, as the smooth houndfish (G. canis), of Europe and America; -- called also houndshark, and dogfish.

The European nursehound, or small-spotted dogfish, is Scyllium canicula; the rough houndfish, or large-spotted dogfish, is S. catulus. The name has also sometimes been applied to the bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix), and to the silver gar.

Hound"ing, n. 1. The act of one who hounds.

2. (Naut.) The part of a mast below the hounds and above the deck.

Hound's"-tongue` (?), n. [AS. hundes tunge.] (Bot.) A biennial weed (Cynoglossum officinale), with soft tongue-shaped leaves, and an offensive odor. It bears nutlets covered with barbed or hooked prickles. Called also dog's-tongue.

Houp (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Hoopoe. [Obs.]

Hour (?), n. [OE. hour, our, hore, ure, OF. hore, ore, ure, F. heure, L. hora, fr. Gr. &?;, orig., a definite space of time, fixed by natural laws; hence, a season, the time of the day, an hour. See Year, and cf. Horologe, Horoscope.] 1. The twenty-fourth part of a day; sixty minutes.

2. The time of the day, as expressed in hours and minutes, and indicated by a timepiece; as, what is the hour? At what hour shall we meet?

3. Fixed or appointed time; conjuncture; a particular time or occasion; as, the hour of greatest peril; the man for the hour.

Woman, . . . mine hour is not yet come.

John ii. 4.

This is your hour, and the power of darkness.

Luke xxii. 53.

4. pl. (R. C. Ch.) Certain prayers to be repeated at stated times of the day, as matins and vespers.

5. A measure of distance traveled.

Vilvoorden, three hours from Brussels.

J. P. Peters.

After hours, after the time appointed for one's regular labor. -- Canonical hours. See under Canonical. -- Hour angle (Astron.), the angle between the hour circle passing through a given body, and the meridian of a place. -- Hour circle. (Astron.) (a) Any circle of the sphere passing through the two poles of the equator; esp., one of the circles drawn on an artificial globe through the poles, and dividing the equator into spaces of 15∞, or one hour, each. (b) A circle upon an equatorial telescope lying parallel to the plane of the earth's equator, and graduated in hours and subdivisions of hours of right ascension. (c) A small brass circle attached to the north pole of an artificial globe, and divided into twenty- four parts or hours. It is used to mark differences of time in working problems on the globe. -- Hour hand, the hand or index which shows the hour on a timepiece. -- Hour line. (a) (Astron.) A line indicating the hour. (b) (Dialing) A line on which the shadow falls at a given hour; the intersection of an hour circle which the face of the dial. -- Hour plate, the plate of a timepiece on which the hours are marked; the dial. Locke. -- Sidereal hour, the twenty-fourth part of a sidereal day. -- Solar hour, the twenty- fourth part of a solar day. -- The small hours, the early hours of the morning, as one o'clock, two o'clock, etc. -- To keep good hours, to be regular in going to bed early.

Hour"glass` (?), n. An instrument for measuring time, especially the interval of an hour. It consists of a glass vessel having two compartments, from the uppermost of which a quantity of sand, water, or mercury occupies an hour in running through a small aperture unto the lower.

A similar instrument measuring any other interval of time takes its name from the interval measured; as, a half-hour glass, a half-minute glass. A three-minute glass is sometimes called an egg-glass, from being used to time the boiling of eggs.

Hou"ri (?), n.; pl. Houris (#). [Per. hr, hr, hr; akin to Ar. hr, pl. of ahwar beautiful-eyed, black-eyed.] A nymph of paradise; -- so called by the Mohammedans.

Hour"ly (?), a. Happening or done every hour; occurring hour by hour; frequent; often repeated; renewed hour by hour; continual.

In hourly expectation of a martyrdom.

Sharp.

Hour"ly, adv. Every hour; frequently; continually.

Great was their strife, which hourly was renewed.

Dryden.

Hours (?), n. pl. [A translation of L. Horae (Gr. &?;). See Hour.] (Myth.) Goddess of the seasons, or of the hours of the day.

Lo! where the rosy-blosomed Hours, Fair Venus' train, appear.

Gray.

Hous"age (?), n. [From House.] A fee for keeping goods in a house. [R.] Chambers.

House (?), n.; pl. Houses (#). [OE. hous, hus, AS. h&?;s; akin to OS. & OFries. h&?;s, D. huis, OHG. h&?;s, G. haus, Icel. h&?;s, Sw. hus, Dan. huus, Goth. gudh&?;s, house of God, temple; and prob. to E. hide to conceal. See Hide, and cf. Hoard, Husband, Hussy, Husting.] 1. A structure intended or used as a habitation or shelter for animals of any kind; but especially, a building or edifice for the habitation of man; a dwelling place, a mansion.

Houses are built to live in; not to look on.

Bacon.

Bees with smoke and doves with noisome stench Are from their hives and houses driven away.

Shak.

2. Household affairs; domestic concerns; particularly in the phrase to keep house. See below.

3. Those who dwell in the same house; a household.

One that feared God with all his house.

Acts x. 2.

4. A family of ancestors, descendants, and kindred; a race of persons from the same stock; a tribe; especially, a noble family or an illustrious race; as, the house of Austria; the house of Hanover; the house of Israel.

The last remaining pillar of their house, The one transmitter of their ancient name.

Tennyson.

5. One of the estates of a kingdom or other government assembled in parliament or legislature; a body of men united in a legislative capacity; as, the House of Lords; the House of Commons; the House of Representatives; also, a quorum of such a body. See Congress, and Parliament.

6. (Com.) A firm, or commercial establishment.

7. A public house; an inn; a hotel.

8. (Astrol.) A twelfth part of the heavens, as divided by six circles intersecting at the north and south points of the horizon, used by astrologers in noting the positions of the heavenly bodies, and casting horoscopes or nativities. The houses were regarded as fixed in respect to the horizon, and numbered from the one at the eastern horizon, called the ascendant, first house, or house of life, downward, or in the direction of the earth's revolution, the stars and planets passing through them in the reverse order every twenty- four hours.

9. A square on a chessboard, regarded as the proper place of a piece.

10. An audience; an assembly of hearers, as at a lecture, a theater, etc.; as, a thin or a full house.

11. The body, as the habitation of the soul.

This mortal house I'll ruin, Do CÊsar what he can.

Shak.

12. [With an adj., as narrow, dark, etc.] The grave. "The narrow house." Bryant.

House is much used adjectively and as the first element of compounds. The sense is usually obvious; as, house cricket, housemaid, house painter, housework.

House ant (Zoˆl.), a very small, yellowish brown ant (Myrmica molesta), which often infests houses, and sometimes becomes a great pest. -- House of bishops (Prot. Epis. Ch.), one of the two bodies composing a general convertion, the other being House of Clerical and Lay Deputies. -- House boat, a covered boat used as a dwelling. -- House of call, a place, usually a public house, where journeymen connected with a particular trade assemble when out of work, ready for the call of employers. [Eng.] Simonds. -- House car (Railroad), a freight car with inclosing sides and a roof; a box car. -- House of correction. See Correction. -- House cricket (Zoˆl.), a European cricket (Gryllus domesticus), which frequently lives in houses, between the bricks of chimneys and fireplaces. It is noted for the loud chirping or stridulation of the males. -- House dog, a dog kept in or about a dwelling house. -- House finch (Zoˆl.), the burion. -- House flag, a flag denoting the commercial house to which a merchant vessel belongs. -- House fly (Zoˆl.), a common fly (esp. Musca domestica), which infests houses both in Europe and America. Its larva is a maggot which lives in decaying substances or excrement, about sink drains, etc. -- House of God, a temple or church. -- House of ill fame. See Ill fame under Ill, a. -- House martin (Zoˆl.), a common European swallow (Hirundo urbica). It has feathered feet, and builds its nests of mud against the walls of buildings. Called also house swallow, and window martin. -- House mouse (Zoˆl.), the common mouse (Mus musculus). -- House physician, the resident medical adviser of a hospital or other public institution. -- House snake (Zoˆl.), the milk snake. -- House sparrow (Zoˆl.), the common European sparrow (Passer domesticus). It has recently been introduced into America, where it has become very abundant, esp. in cities. Called also thatch sparrow. -- House spider (Zoˆl.), any spider which habitually lives in houses. Among the most common species are Theridium tepidariorum and Tegenaria domestica. -- House surgeon, the resident surgeon of a hospital. -- House wren (Zoˆl.), the common wren of the Eastern United States (Troglodytes aÎdon). It is common about houses and in gardens, and is noted for its vivacity, and loud musical notes. See Wren. -- Religious house, a monastery or convent. -- The White House, the official residence of the President of the United States; -- hence, colloquially, the office of President. -- To bring down the house. See under Bring. -- To keep house, to maintain an independent domestic establishment. -- To keep open house, to entertain friends at all times.

Syn. -- Dwelling; residence; abode. See Tenement.

House (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Housed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Housing.] [AS. h&?;sian.] 1. To take or put into a house; to shelter under a roof; to cover from the inclemencies of the weather; to protect by covering; as, to house one's family in a comfortable home; to house farming utensils; to house cattle.

At length have housed me in a humble shed.

Young.

House your choicest carnations, or rather set them under a penthouse.

Evelyn.

2. To drive to a shelter. Shak.

3. To admit to residence; to harbor.

Palladius wished him to house all the Helots.

Sir P. Sidney.

4. To deposit and cover, as in the grave. Sandys.

5. (Naut.) To stow in a safe place; to take down and make safe; as, to house the upper spars.

House, v. i. 1. To take shelter or lodging; to abide to dwell; to lodge.

You shall not house with me.

Shak.

2. (Astrol.) To have a position in one of the houses. See House, n., 8. "Where Saturn houses." Dryden.

House"bote` (?), n. [House + bote.] (Law) Wood allowed to a tenant for repairing the house and for fuel. This latter is often called firebote. See Bote.

House"break`er (?), n. One who is guilty of the crime of housebreaking.

House"break`ing, n. The act of breaking open and entering, with a felonious purpose, the dwelling house of another, whether done by day or night. See Burglary, and To break a house, under Break.

House"build`er (?), n. One whose business is to build houses; a housewright.

House"carl` (?), n. [OE. huscarle. See House, and Carl.] (Eng. ArchÊol.) A household servant; also, one of the bodyguard of King Canute.

House"hold` (?), n. 1. Those who dwell under the same roof and compose a family.

And calls, without affecting airs, His household twice a day to prayers.

Swift.

2. A line of ancestory; a race or house. [Obs.] Shak.

House"hold`, a. Belonging to the house and family; domestic; as, household furniture; household affairs.

Household bread, bread made in the house for common use; hence, bread that is not of the finest quality. [Obs.] -- Household gods (Rom. Antiq.), the gods presiding over the house and family; the Lares and Penates; hence, all objects endeared by association with home. -- Household troops, troops appointed to attend and guard the sovereign or his residence.

House"hold`er (?), n. The master or head of a family; one who occupies a house with his family.

Towns in which almost every householder was an English Protestant.

Macaulay.

Compound householder. See Compound, a.

<! p. 710 !>

House"keep`er (?), n. 1. One who occupies a house with his family; a householder; the master or mistress of a family. Locke.

2. One who does, or oversees, the work of keeping house; as, his wife is a good housekeeper; often, a woman hired to superintend the servants of a household and manage the ordinary domestic affairs.

3. One who exercises hospitality, or has a plentiful and hospitable household. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

4. One who keeps or stays much at home. [R.]

You are manifest housekeeper.

Shak.

5. A house dog. [Obs.] Shak.

House"keep`ing, n. 1. The state of occupying a dwelling house as a householder.

2. Care of domestic concerns; management of a house and home affairs.

3. Hospitality; a liberal and hospitable table; a supply of provisions. [Obs.]

Tell me, softly and hastily, what's in the pantry? Small housekeeping enough, said Phúbe.

Sir W. Scott.

House"keep`ing, a. Domestic; used in a family; as, housekeeping commodities.

Hou"sel (?), n. [OE. housel, husel, AS. hsel; akin to Icel. hsl, Goth. hunsl a sacrifice.] The eucharist. [Archaic] Rom. of R. Tennyson.

Hou"sel, v. t. [AS. hslian.] To administer the eucharist to. [Archaic] Chaucer.

House"leek` (?), n. [House + leek.] (Bot.) A succulent plant of the genus Sempervivum (S. tectorum), originally a native of subalpine Europe, but now found very generally on old walls and roofs. It is very tenacious of life under drought and heat; -- called also ayegreen.

House"less, a. Destitute of the shelter of a house; shelterless; homeless; as, a houseless wanderer.

House"less*ness, n. The state of being houseless.

House"line` (?), n. (Naut.) A small line of three strands used for seizing; -- called also housing. Totten.

House"ling` (?), a. Same as Housling.

House"maid` (?), n. A female servant employed to do housework, esp. to take care of the rooms.

Housemaid's knee (Med.), a swelling over the knee, due to an enlargement of the bursa in the front of the kneepan; -- so called because frequently occurring in servant girls who work upon their knees.

House"mate` (?), n. One who dwells in the same house with another. R. Browning.

House"room` (?), n. Room or place in a house; as, to give any one houseroom.

House"warm`ing (?), n. A feast or merry-making made by or for a family or business firm on taking possession of a new house or premises. Johnson.

House"wife` (?), n. [House + wife. Cf. Hussy.] 1. The wife of a householder; the mistress of a family; the female head of a household. Shak.

He a good husband, a good housewife she.

Dryden.

2. (Usually pronounced &?;.) [See Hussy, in this sense.] A little case or bag for materials used in sewing, and for other articles of female work; -- called also hussy. [Written also huswife.] P. Skelton.

3. A hussy. [R.] [Usually written huswife.] Shak.

Sailor's housewife, a ditty-bag.

{ House"wife` (?), House"wive` (?), } v. t. To manage with skill and economy, as a housewife or other female manager; to economize.

Conferred those moneys on the nuns, which since they have well housewived.

Fuller.

House"wife`ly (?), a. Pertaining or appropriate to a housewife; domestic; economical; prudent.

A good sort of woman, ladylike and housewifely.

Sir W. Scott.

House"wif`er*y (?), n. The business of the mistress of a family; female management of domestic concerns.

House"work` (?), n. The work belonging to housekeeping; especially, kitchen work, sweeping, scrubbing, bed making, and the like.

House"wright` (?), n. A builder of houses.

Hous"ing (?), n. [From House. In some of its senses this word has been confused with the following word.] 1. The act of putting or receiving under shelter; the state of dwelling in a habitation.

2. That which shelters or covers; houses, taken collectively. Fabyan.

3. (Arch.) (a) The space taken out of one solid, to admit the insertion of part of another, as the end of one timber in the side of another. (b) A niche for a statue.

4. (Mach.) A frame or support for holding something in place, as journal boxes, etc.

5. (Naut.) (a) That portion of a mast or bowsprit which is beneath the deck or within the vessel. (b) A covering or protection, as an awning over the deck of a ship when laid up. (c) A houseline. See Houseline.

Hous"ing, n. [From Houss.] 1. A cover or cloth for a horse's saddle, as an ornamental or military appendage; a saddlecloth; a horse cloth; in plural, trappings.

2. An appendage to the hames or collar of a harness.

Hous"ling (?), a. [See Housel.] Sacramental; as, housling fire. [R.] Spenser.

Houss (?), n. [F. housse, LL. hulcia, fr. OHG. hulst; akin to E. holster. See Holster, and cf. 2d Housing.] A saddlecloth; a housing. [Obs.] Dryden.

||Hou"tou (?), n. [From its note.] (Zoˆl.) A beautiful South American ||motmot. Waterton.

Houve (?), n. [AS. hfe.] A head covering of various kinds; a hood; a coif; a cap. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hou*yhnhnm" (?), n. One of the race of horses described by Swift in his imaginary travels of Lemuel Gulliver. The Houyhnhnms were endowed with reason and noble qualities; subject to them were Yahoos, a race of brutes having the form and all the worst vices of men.

Hove (?), imp. & p. p. of Heave.

Hove short, Hove to. See To heave a cable short, To heave a ship to, etc., under Heave.

Hove, v. i. & t. To rise; to swell; to heave; to cause to swell. [Obs. or Scot.] Holland. Burns.

Hove, v. i. [OE. hoven. See Hover.] To hover around; to loiter; to lurk. [Obs.] Gower.

Hov"el (?), n. [OE. hovel, hovil, prob. a dim. fr. AS. hof house; akin to D. & G. hof court, yard, Icel. hof temple; cf. Prov. E. hove to take shelter, heuf shelter, home.] 1. An open shed for sheltering cattle, or protecting produce, etc., from the weather. Brande & C.

2. A poor cottage; a small, mean house; a hut.

3. (Porcelain Manuf.) A large conical brick structure around which the firing kilns are grouped. Knight.

Hov"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoveled (?) or Hovelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Hoveling or Hovelling.] To put in a hovel; to shelter.

To hovel thee with swine, and rogues forlon.

Shak.

The poor are hoveled and hustled together.

Tennyson.

Hov"el*er (?), n. One who assists in saving life and property from a wreck; a coast boatman. [Written also hoveller.] [Prov. Eng.] G. P. R. James.

Hov"el*ing, n. A method of securing a good draught in chimneys by covering the top, leaving openings in the sides, or by carrying up two of the sides higher than the other two. [Written also hovelling.]

Ho"ven (?), obs. or archaic p. p. of Heave.

Ho"ven (?), a. Affected with the disease called hoove; as, hoven cattle.

Hov"er (?), n. [Etymol. doubtful.] A cover; a shelter; a protection. [Archaic] Carew. C. Kingsley.

Hov"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hovered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hovering.] [OE. hoveren, and hoven, prob. orig., to abide, linger, and fr. AS. hof house; cf. OFries. hovia to receive into one's house. See Hovel.] 1. To hang fluttering in the air, or on the wing; to remain in flight or floating about or over a place or object; to be suspended in the air above something.

Great flights of birds are hovering about the bridge, and settling on it.

Addison.

A hovering mist came swimming o'er his sight.

Dryden.

2. To hang about; to move to and fro near a place, threateningly, watchfully, or irresolutely.

Agricola having sent his navy to hover on the coast.

Milton.

Hovering o'er the paper with her quill.

Shak.

Hov"er*er (?), n. A device in an incubator for protecting the young chickens and keeping them warm.

Hov"er-hawk` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The kestrel.

Hov"er*ing*ly, adv. In a hovering manner.

How (?), adv. [OE. how, hou, hu, hwu, AS. h&?;, from the same root as hw, hwÊt, who, what, pron. interrog.; akin to OS. hww, D. hoe, cf. G. wie how, Goth. hw wherewith, hwaiwa how. &radic;182. See Who, and cf. Why.] 1. In what manner or way; by what means or process.

How can a man be born when he is old?

John iii. 4.

2. To what degree or extent, number or amount; in what proportion; by what measure or quality.

O, how love I thy law! it is my meditation all the day.

Ps. cxix. 97.

By how much they would diminish the present extent of the sea, so much they would impair the fertility, and fountains, and rivers of the earth.

Bentley.

3. For what reason; from what cause.

How now, my love! why is your cheek so pale?

Shak.

4. In what state, condition, or plight.

How, and with what reproach, shall I return?

Dryden.

5. By what name, designation, or title.

How art thou called?

Shak.

6. At what price; how dear. [Obs.]

How a score of ewes now?

Shak.

How is used in each sense, interrogatively, interjectionally, and relatively; it is also often employed to emphasize an interrogation or exclamation. "How are the mighty fallen!" 2 Sam. i. 27. Sometimes, also, it is used as a noun; -- as, the how, the when, the wherefore. Shelley.

Let me beg you -- don't say "How?" for "What?"

Holmes.

||How*adj"i (?), n. [Ar.] 1. A traveler.

2. A merchant; -- so called in the East because merchants were formerly the chief travelers.

How*be"it (?), conj. [How + be + it.] Be it as it may; nevertheless; notwithstanding; although; albeit; yet; but; however.

The Moor -- howbeit that I endure him not - Is of a constant, loving, noble nature.

Shak.

How"dah (?), n. [Ar. hawdaj.] A seat or pavilion, generally covered, fastened on the back of an elephant, for the rider or riders. [Written also houdah.]

How"dy (?), n. [Scot., also houdy- wife. Of uncertain origin; cf. OSw. jordgumma; or perh. fr. E. how d'ye.] A midwife. [Prov. Eng.]

How"el (?), n. A tool used by coopers for smoothing and chamfering rheir work, especially the inside of casks.

How"el, v. t. To smooth; to plane; as, to howel a cask.

How"ell, n. The upper stage of a porcelian furnace.

How*ev"er (?), adv. [Sometimes contracted into howe'er.] 1. In whetever manner, way, or degree.

However yet they me despise and spite.

Spenser.

Howe'er the business goes, you have made fault.

Shak.

2. At all events; at least; in any case.

Our chief end is to be freed from all, if it may be, however from the greatest evils.

Tillotson.

How*ev"er, conj. Nevertheless; notwithstanding; yet; still; though; as, I shall not oppose your design; I can not, however, approve of it.

In your excuse your love does little say; You might howe'er have took a better way.

Dryden.

Syn. -- However, At least, Nevertheless, Yet. These words, as here compared, have an adversative sense in reference to something referred to in the context. However is the most general, and leads to a final conclusion or decision. Thus we say, the truth, however, has not yet fully come out; i.e., such is the speaker's conclusion in view of the whole case. So also we say, however, you may rely on my assistance to that amount; i. e., at all events, whatever may happen, this is my final decision. At least is adversative in another way. It points out the utmost concession that can possibly be required, and still marks the adversative conclusion; as, at least, this must be done; whatever may be our love of peace, we must at least maintain the rights of conscience. Nevertheless denotes that though the concession be fully made, it has no bearing of the question; as, nevertheless, we must go forward. Yet signifies that however extreme the supposition or fact comceded may be, the consequence which might naturally be expected does not and will not follow; as, though I should die with thee, yet will I not deny thee; though he slay me, yet will I trust in him. Cf. But.

How"itz (?), n. A howitzer. [Obs.]

How"itz*er (?), n. [G. haubitze, formerly hauffnitz, Bohem. haufnice, orig., a sling.] (Mil.) (a) A gun so short that the projectile, which was hollow, could be put in its place by hand; a kind of mortar. [Obs.] (b) A short, light, largebore cannon, usually having a chamber of smaller diameter than the rest of the bore, and intended to throw large projectiles with comparatively small charges.

How"ker (?), n. (Naut.) Same as Hooker.

Howl (houl), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Howled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Howling.] [OE. houlen, hulen; akin to D. huilen, MHG. hiulen, hiuweln, OHG. hiuwiln to exult, h&?;wo owl, Dan. hyle to howl.] 1. To utter a loud, protracted, mournful sound or cry, as dogs and wolves often do.

And dogs in corners set them down to howl.

Drayton.

Methought a legion of foul fiends Environ'd me about, and howled in my ears.

Shak.

2. To utter a sound expressive of distress; to cry aloud and mournfully; to lament; to wail.

Howl ye, for the day of the Lord is at hand.

Is. xiii. 6.

3. To make a noise resembling the cry of a wild beast.

Wild howled the wind.

Sir W. Scott.

Howling monkey. (Zoˆl.) See Howler, 2. -- Howling wilderness, a wild, desolate place inhabited only by wild beasts. Deut. xxxii. 10.

Howl, v. t. To utter with outcry. "Go . . . howl it out in deserts." Philips.

Howl, n. 1. The protracted, mournful cry of a dog or a wolf, or other like sound.

2. A prolonged cry of distress or anguish; a wail.

Howl"er (?), n. 1. One who howls.

2. (Zoˆl.) Any South American monkey of the genus Mycetes. Many species are known. They are arboreal in their habits, and are noted for the loud, discordant howling in which they indulge at night.

Howl"et (?), n. [Equiv. to owlet, influenced by howl: cf. F. hulotte, OHG. h&?;wela, hiuwela.] (Zoˆl.) An owl; an owlet. [Written also houlet.] R. Browning.

Howp (?), v. i. To cry out; to whoop. [Obs.] Chaucer.

How"so (?), adv. Howsoever. [Obs.]

How`so*ev"er (?), adj. & conj. [How + so + ever.] 1. In what manner soever; to whatever degree or extent; however.

I am glad he's come, howsoever he comes.

Shak.

2. Although; though; however. [Obs.] Shak.

Howve (?), n. A hood. See Houve. [Obs.]

Hox (?), v. t. [See Hock. &radic;12.] To hock; to hamstring. See Hock. [Obs.] Shak.

Hoy (?), n. [D. heu, or Flem. hui.] (Naut.) A small coaster vessel, usually sloop-rigged, used in conveying passengers and goods from place to place, or as a tender to larger vessels in port.

The hoy went to London every week.

Cowper.

Hoy, interj. [D. hui. Cf. Ahoy.] Ho! Halloe! Stop!

Hoy"den (?), n. Same as Hoiden.

Hoy"man (?), n.; pl. Hoymen (&?;). One who navigates a hoy.

A common hoyman to carry goods by water for hire.

Hobart.

||Hua*na"co (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Guanaco.

Hub (?), n. [See 1st Hob.] 1. The central part, usually cylindrical, of a wheel; the nave. See Illust. of Axle box.

2. The hilt of a weapon. Halliwell.

3. A rough protuberance or projecting obstruction; as, a hub in the road. [U.S.] See Hubby.

4. A goal or mark at which quoits, etc., are cast.

5. (Diesinking) A hardened, engraved steel punch for impressing a device upon a die, used in coining, etc.

6. A screw hob. See Hob, 3.

7. A block for scotching a wheel.

Hub plank (Highway Bridges), a horizontal guard plank along a truss at the height of a wagon-wheel hub. -- Up to the hub, as far as possible in embarrassment or difficulty, or in business, like a wheel sunk in mire; deeply involved. [Colloq.]

Hub"ble-bub`ble (?), n. A tobacco pipe, so arranged that the smoke passes through water, making a bubbling noise, whence its name. In India, the bulb containing the water is often a cocoanut shell.

<! p. 711 !>

Hub"bub (?), n. [Cf. Whoobub, Whoop, Hoop, v. i.] A loud noise of many confused voices; a tumult; uproar. Milton.

This hubbub of unmeaning words.

Macaulay.

Hub"by (?), a. Full of hubs or protuberances; as, a road that has been frozen while muddy is hubby. [U.S.]

H¸b"ner (?), n. [After H¸bner, who analyzed it.] (Min.) A mineral of brownish black color, occurring in columnar or foliated masses. It is native manganese tungstate.

{ ||Huch (?), ||Hu"chen (?), } n. [G.] (Zoˆl.) A large salmon (Salmo, or Salvelinus, hucho) inhabiting the Danube; -- called also huso, and bull trout.

Huck (?), v. i. [See Hawk to offer for sale, Huckster.] To higgle in trading. [Obs.] Holland.

Huck"a*back (?), n. [Perh. orig., peddler's wares; cf. LG. hukkebak pickback. Cf. Huckster.] A kind of linen cloth with raised figures, used for towelings.

Huc"kle (?), n. [Perh. dim. of Prov. E. hucka hook, and so named from its round shape. See Hook.] 1. The hip; the haunch.

2. A bunch or part projecting like the hip.

Huckle bone. (a) The hip bone; the innominate bone. (b) A small bone of the ankle; astragalus. [R.] Udall.

Huc"kle-backed` (?), a. Round- shoulded.

Huc"kle*ber`ry (?), n. [Cf. Whortleberry.] (Bot.) (a) The edible black or dark blue fruit of several species of the American genus Gaylussacia, shrubs nearly related to the blueberries (Vaccinium), and formerly confused with them. The commonest huckelberry comes from G. resinosa. (b) The shrub that bears the berries. Called also whortleberry.

Squaw huckleberry. See Deeberry.

Huck"ster (?), n. [OE. hukstere, hukster, OD. heukster, D. heuker; akin to D. huiken to stoop, bend, OD. huycken, huken, G. hocken, to squat, Icel. h&?;ka; -- the peddler being named from his stooping under the load on his back. Cf. Hawk to offer for sale.] 1. A retailer of small articles, of provisions, and the like; a peddler; a hawker. Swift.

2. A mean, trickish fellow. Bp. Hall.

Huck"ster, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Huckstered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Huckstering.] To deal in small articles, or in petty bargains. Swift.

Huck"ster*age (?), n. The business of a huckster; small dealing; peddling.

Ignoble huckster age of piddling tithes.

Milton.

Huck"ster*er (?), n. A huckster. Gladstone.

Those hucksterers or money- jobbers.

Swift.

Huck"stress (?), n. A female huckster.

Hud (?), n. [Cf. Hood a covering.] A huck or hull, as of a nut. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

Hud"dle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Huddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Huddling (?).] [Cf. OE. hoderen, hodren, to cover, keep, warm; perh. akin to OE. huden, hiden, to hide, E. hide, and orig. meaning, to get together for protection in a safe place. Cf. Hide to conceal.] To press together promiscuously, from confusion, apprehension, or the like; to crowd together confusedly; to press or hurry in disorder; to crowd.

The cattle huddled on the lea.

Tennyson.

Huddling together on the public square . . . like a herd of panic-struck deer.

Prescott.

Hud"dle, v. t. 1. To crowd (things) together to mingle confusedly; to assemble without order or system.

Our adversary, huddling several suppositions together, . . . makes a medley and confusion.

Locke.

2. To do, make, or put, in haste or roughly; hence, to do imperfectly; -- usually with a following preposition or adverb; as, to huddle on; to huddle up; to huddle together. "Huddle up a peace." J. H. Newman.

Let him forescat his work with timely care, Which else is huddled when the skies are fair.

Dryden.

Now, in all haste, they huddle on Their hoods, their cloaks, and get them gone.

Swift.

Hud"dle, n. A crowd; a number of persons or things crowded together in a confused manner; tumult; confusion. "A huddle of ideas." Addison.

Hud"dler (?), n. One who huddles things together.

Hudge (?), n. (Mining) An iron bucket for hoisting coal or ore. Raymond.

Hu`di*bras"tic (?), a. Similar to, or in the style of, the poem "Hudibras," by Samuel Butler; in the style of doggerel verse. Macaulay.

Hud*so"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Hudson's Bay or to the Hudson River; as, the Hudsonian curlew.

Hue (?), n. [OE. hew, heow, color, shape, form, AS. hiw, heow; akin to Sw. hy skin, complexion, Goth. hiwi form, appearance.] 1. Color or shade of color; tint; dye. "Flowers of all hue." Milton.

Hues of the rich unfolding morn.

Keble.

2. (Painting) A predominant shade in a composition of primary colors; a primary color modified by combination with others.

Hue, n. [OE. hue, huer, to hoot, shout, prob. fr. OF. hu an exclamation.] A shouting or vociferation.

Hue and cry (Law), a loud outcry with which felons were anciently pursued, and which all who heard it were obliged to take up, joining in the pursuit till the malefactor was taken; in later usage, a written proclamation issued on the escape of a felon from prison, requiring all persons to aid in retaking him. Burrill.

Hued (?), a. Having color; -- usually in composition; as, bright-hued; many- hued. Chaucer.

Hue"less (?), a. [AS. hiwle·s. See Hue color.] Destitute of color. Hudibras.

Hu"er (?), n. One who cries out or gives an alarm; specifically, a balker; a conder. See Balker.

Huff (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Huffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Huffing.] [Cf. OE. hoove to puff up, blow; prob. of imitative origin.] 1. To swell; to enlarge; to puff up; as, huffed up with air. Grew.

2. To treat with insolence and arrogance; to chide or rebuke with insolence; to hector; to bully.

You must not presume to huff us.

Echard.

3. (Draughts) To remove from the board (the piece which could have captured an opposing piece). See Huff, v. i., 3.

Huff, v. i. 1. To enlarge; to swell up; as, bread huffs.

2. To bluster or swell with anger, pride, or arrogance; to storm; to take offense.

THis senseless arrogant conceit of theirs made them huff at the doctrine of repentance.

South.

3. (Draughts) To remove from the board a man which could have captured a piece but has not done so; -- so called because it was the habit to blow upon the piece.

Huff, n. 1. A swell of sudden anger or arrogance; a fit of disappointment and petulance or anger; a rage. "Left the place in a huff." W. Irving.

2. A boaster; one swelled with a false opinion of his own value or importance.

Lewd, shallow-brained huffs make atheism and contempt of religion the sole badge . . . of wit.

South.

To take huff, to take offence. Cowper.

Huff"cap` (?), n. A blusterer; a bully. [Obs.] -- a. Blustering; swaggering. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Huff"er (?), n. A bully; a blusterer. Hudibras.

Huff"i*ness (?), n. The state of being huffish; petulance; bad temper. Ld. Lytton.

Huff"ing*ly, adv. Blusteringly; arrogantly. [R.]

And huffingly doth this bonny Scot ride.

Old Ballad.

Huff"ish, a. Disposed to be blustering or arrogant; petulant. -- Huff"ish*ly, adv. -- Huff"ish*ness, n.

Huff"y (?), a. 1. Puffed up; as, huffy bread.

2. Characterized by arrogance or petulance; easily offended.

Hug (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hugged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hugging.] [Prob. of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. sidde paa huk to squat, Sw. huka sig to squat, Icel. h&?;ka. Cf. Huckster.] 1. To cower; to crouch; to curl up. [Obs.] Palsgrave.

2. To crowd together; to cuddle. [Obs.] Shak.

Hug, v. t. 1. To press closely within the arms; to clasp to the bosom; to embrace. "And huggen me in his arms." Shak.

2. To hold fast; to cling to; to cherish.

We hug deformities if they bear our names.

Glanvill.

3. (Naut.) To keep close to; as, to hug the land; to hug the wind.

To hug one's self, to congratulate one's self; to chuckle.

Hug, n. A close embrace or clasping with the arms, as in affection or in wrestling. Fuller.

Huge (?), a. [Compar. Huger (?); superl. Hugest (?).] [OE. huge, hoge, OF. ahuge, ahoge.] Very large; enormous; immense; excessive; -- used esp. of material bulk, but often of qualities, extent, etc.; as, a huge ox; a huge space; a huge difference. "The huge confusion." Chapman. "A huge filly." Jer. Taylor. -- Huge"ly, adv. -- Huge"ness, n.

Doth it not flow as hugely as the sea.

Shak.

Syn. -- Enormous; gigantic; colossal; immense; prodigious; vast.

Hug"ger (?), n. One who hugs or embraces.

Hug"ger, v. t. & i. To conceal; to lurk ambush. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Hug"ger-mug`ger (?), n. [Scot. huggrie-muggrie; Prov. E. hugger to lie in ambush, mug mist, muggard sullen.] Privacy; secrecy. Commonly in the phrase in hugger-mugger, with haste and secrecy. [Archaic]

Many things have been done in hugger- mugger.

Fuller.

Hug"ger-mug`ger, a. 1. Secret; clandestine; sly.

2. Confused; disorderly; slovenly; mean; as, hugger-mugger doings.

Hug"gle (?), v. t. [Freq. of hug.] To hug. [Obs.]

Hu"gue*not (?), n. [F., properly a dim. of Hugues. The name is probably derived from the Christian name (Huguenot) of some person conspicuous as a reformer.] (Eccl. Hist.) A French Protestant of the period of the religious wars in France in the 16th century.

Hu"gue*not*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. huguenotisme.] The religion of the Huguenots in France.

Hu"gy (?), a. Vast. [Obs.] Dryden.

Hu"ia bird` (?). [Native name; -- so called from its cry.] (Zoˆl.) A New Zealand starling (Heteralocha acutirostris), remarkable for the great difference in the form and length of the bill in the two sexes, that of the male being sharp and straight, that of the female much longer and strongly curved.

Hui"sher (?), n. [Obs.] See Usher. B. Jonson.

Hui"sher, v. t. To usher. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Huke (?), n. [OF. huque, LL. huca; cf. D. huik.] An outer garment worn in Europe in the Middle Ages. [Written also heuk and hyke.] [Obs.] Bacon.

Hu"lan (?), n. See Uhlan.

Hulch (?), n. [Cf. Hunch.] A hunch. [Obs.]

Hulch"y (?), a. Swollen; gibbous. [Obs.]

Hulk (?), n. [OE. hulke a heavy ship, AS. hulc a light, swift ship; akin to D. hulk a ship of burden, G. holk, OHG. holcho; perh. fr. LL. holcas, Gr. &?;, prop., a ship which is towed, fr. &?; to draw, drag, tow. Cf. Wolf, Holcad.] 1. The body of a ship or decked vessel of any kind; esp., the body of an old vessel laid by as unfit for service. "Some well- timbered hulk." Spenser.

2. A heavy ship of clumsy build. Skeat.

3. Anything bulky or unwieldly. Shak.

Shear hulk, an old ship fitted with an apparatus to fix or take out the masts of a ship. -- The hulks, old or dismasted ships, formerly used as prisons. [Eng.] Dickens.

Hulk (?), v. t. [Cf. MLG. holken to hollow out, Sw. hÂlka.] To take out the entrails of; to disembowel; as, to hulk a hare. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

{ Hulk"ing, Hulk"y (?), } a. Bulky; unwiedly. [R.] "A huge hulking fellow." H. Brooke.

Hull (?), n. [OE. hul, hol, shell, husk, AS. hulu; akin to G. h¸lle covering, husk, case, h¸llen to cover, Goth. huljan to cover, AS. helan to hele, conceal. &radic;17. See Hele, v. t., Hell.] 1. The outer covering of anything, particularly of a nut or of grain; the outer skin of a kernel; the husk.

2. [In this sense perh. influenced by D. hol hold of a ship, E. hold.] (Naut.) The frame or body of a vessel, exclusive of her masts, yards, sails, and rigging.

Deep in their hulls our deadly bullets light.

Dryden.

Hull down, said of a ship so distant that her hull is concealed by the convexity of the sea.

Hull, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hulled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hulling.] 1. To strip off or separate the hull or hulls of; to free from integument; as, to hull corn.

2. To pierce the hull of, as a ship, with a cannon ball.

Hull, v. i. To toss or drive on the water, like the hull of a ship without sails. [Obs.] Shak. Milton.

Hul`la*ba*loo" (?), n. [Perh. a corruption of hurly-burly.] A confused noise; uproar; tumult. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

Hulled (?), a. Deprived of the hulls.

Hulled corn, kernels of maize prepared for food by removing the hulls.

Hull"er (?), n. One who, or that which, hulls; especially, an agricultural machine for removing the hulls from grain; a hulling machine.

Hul*lo" (?), interj. See Hollo.

Hull"y (?), a. Having or containing hulls.

Hu"lo*ist (?), n. See Hyloist.

Hu"lo*the*ism (?), n. See Hylotheism.

Hul"ver (?), n. [OE. hulfere; prob. akin to E. holly.] Holly, an evergreen shrub or tree.

Hum (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hummed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Humming (?).] [Of imitative origin; cf. G. hummen, D. hommelen. &radic;15.] 1. To make a low, prolonged sound, like that of a bee in flight; to drone; to murmur; to buzz; as, a top hums. P. Fletcher.

Still humming on, their drowsy course they keep.

Pope.

2. To make a nasal sound, like that of the letter m prolonged, without opening the mouth, or articulating; to mumble in monotonous undertone; to drone.

The cloudy messenger turns me his back, And hums.

Shak.

3. [Cf. Hum, interj.] To make an inarticulate sound, like h'm, through the nose in the process of speaking, from embarrassment or a affectation; to hem.

4. To express satisfaction by a humming noise.

Here the spectators hummed.

Trial of the Regicides.

Formerly the habit of audiences was to express gratification by humming and displeasure by hissing.

5. To have the sensation of a humming noise; as, my head hums, -- a pathological condition.

Hum, v. t. 1. To sing with shut mouth; to murmur without articulation; to mumble; as, to hum a tune.

2. To express satisfaction with by humming.

3. To flatter by approving; to cajole; to impose on; to humbug. [Colloq. & Low]

Hum, n. 1. A low monotonous noise, as of bees in flight, of a swiftly revolving top, of a wheel, or the like; a drone; a buzz.

The shard-borne beetle with his drowsy hums.

Shak.

2. Any inarticulate and buzzing sound; as: (a) The confused noise of a crowd or of machinery, etc., heard at a distance; as, the hum of industry.

But 'midst the crowd, the hum, the shock of men.

Byron.

(b) A buzz or murmur, as of approbation. Macaulay.

3. An imposition or hoax.

4. [Cf. Hem, interj.] An inarticulate nasal sound or murmur, like h'm, uttered by a speaker in pause from embarrassment, affectation, etc.

THese shrugs, these hums and ha's.

Shak.

5. [Perh. so called because strongly intoxicating.] A kind of strong drink formerly used. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Venous hum. See under Venous.

Hum, interj. [Cf. Hem, interj.] Ahem; hem; an inarticulate sound uttered in a pause of speech implying doubt and deliberation. Pope.

Hu"man (?), a. [L. humanus; akin to homo man: cf. F. humain. See Homage, and cf. Humane, Omber.] Belonging to man or mankind; having the qualities or attributes of a man; of or pertaining to man or to the race of man; as, a human voice; human shape; human nature; human sacrifices.

To err is human; to forgive, divine.

Pope.

Hu"man, n. A human being. [Colloq.]

Sprung of humans that inhabit earth.

Chapman.

We humans often find ourselves in strange position.

Prof. Wilson.

Hu"man*ate (?), a. [LL. humanatus.] Indued with humanity. [Obs.] Cranmer.

Hu*mane" (?), a. [L. humanus: cf. F. humain. See Human.] 1. Pertaining to man; human. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

2. Having the feelings and inclinations creditable to man; having a disposition to treat other human beings or animals with kindness; kind; benevolent.

Of an exceeding courteous and humane inclination.

Sportswood.

3. Humanizing; exalting; tending to refine.

Syn. -- Kind; sympathizing; benevolent; mild; compassionate; gentle; tender; merciful.

-- Hu*mane"ly, adv. -- Hu*mane"ness, n.

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Hu*man"ics (?), n. The study of human nature. [R.] T. W. Collins.

Hu*man"i*fy (?), v. t. To make human; to invest with a human personality; to incarnate. [R.]

The humanifying of the divine Word.

H. B. Wilson.

Hu"man*ism (?), n. 1. Human nature or disposition; humanity.

[She] looked almost like a being who had rejected with indifference the attitude of sex for the loftier quality of abstract humanism.

T. Hardy.

2. The study of the humanities; polite learning.

Hu"man*ist, n. [Cf. F. humaniste.] 1. One of the scholars who in the field of literature proper represented the movement of the Renaissance, and early in the 16th century adopted the name Humanist as their distinctive title. Schaff- Herzog.

2. One who pursues the study of the humanities, or polite literature.

3. One versed in knowledge of human nature.

Hu`man*is"tic (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to humanity; as, humanistic devotion. Caird.

2. Pertaining to polite literature. M. Arnold.

Hu*man`i*ta"ri*an (?), a. 1. (Theol. & Ch. Hist.) Pertaining to humanitarians, or to humanitarianism; as, a humanitarian view of Christ's nature.

2. (Philos.) Content with right affections and actions toward man; ethical, as distinguished from religious; believing in the perfectibility of man's nature without supernatural aid.

3. Benevolent; philanthropic. [Recent]

Hu*man`i*ta"ri*an, n. [From Humanity.] 1. (Theol. & Ch. Hist.) One who denies the divinity of Christ, and believes him to have been merely human.

2. (Philos.) One who limits the sphere of duties to human relations and affections, to the exclusion or disparagement of the religious or spiritual.

3. One who is actively concerned in promoting the welfare of his kind; a philanthropist. [Recent]

Hu*man`i*ta"ri*an*ism (?), n. 1. (Theol. & Ch. Hist.) The distinctive tenet of the humanitarians in denying the divinity of Christ; also, the whole system of doctrine based upon this view of Christ.

2. (Philos.) The doctrine that man's obligations are limited to, and dependent alone upon, man and the human relations.

Hu`ma*ni"tian (?), n. A humanist. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Hu*man"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Humanities (#). [L. humanitas: cf. F. humanitÈ. See Human.] 1. The quality of being human; the peculiar nature of man, by which he is distinguished from other beings.

2. Mankind collectively; the human race.

But hearing oftentimes The still, and music humanity.

Wordsworth.

It is a debt we owe to humanity.

S. S. Smith.

3. The quality of being humane; the kind feelings, dispositions, and sympathies of man; especially, a disposition to relieve persons or animals in distress, and to treat all creatures with kindness and tenderness. "The common offices of humanity and friendship." Locke.

4. Mental cultivation; liberal education; instruction in classical and polite literature.

Polished with humanity and the study of witty science.

Holland.

5. pl. (With definite article) The branches of polite or elegant learning; as language, rhetoric, poetry, and the ancient classics; belles-letters.

The cultivation of the languages, literature, history, and archÊology of Greece and Rome, were very commonly called literÊ humaniores, or, in English, the humanities, . . . by way of opposition to the literÊ divinÊ, or divinity. G. P. Marsh.

Hu*man`i*za"tion (?), n. The act of humanizing. M. Arnold.

Hu"man*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Humanized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Humanizing (?).] [Cf. F. humaniser.] 1. To render human or humane; to soften; to make gentle by overcoming cruel dispositions and rude habits; to refine or civilize.

Was it the business of magic to humanize our natures with compassion?

Addison.

2. To give a human character or expression to. "Humanized divinities." Caird.

3. (Med.) To convert into something human or belonging to man; as, to humanize vaccine lymph.

Hu"man*ize, v. i. To become or be made more humane; to become civilized; to be ameliorated.

By the original law of nations, war and extirpation were the punishment of injury. Humanizing by degrees, it admitted slavery instead of death; a further step was the exchange of prisoners instead of slavery.

Franklin.

Hu"man*i`zer (?), n. One who renders humane.

Hu"man*kind` (?), n. Mankind. Pope.

Hu"man*ly, adv. 1. In a human manner; after the manner of men; according to the knowledge or wisdom of men; as, the present prospects, humanly speaking, promise a happy issue. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Kindly; humanely. [Obs.] Pope.

Hu"man*ness, n. The quality or state of being human.

Hu"mate (?), n. [L. humus the earth, ground.] (Chem.) A salt of humic acid.

Hu*ma"tion (?), n. [L. humatio, fr. humare to cover with earth, to inter, fr. humus the earth, ground. See Homage.] Interment; inhumation. [R.]

Hum"bird` (?), n. Humming bird.

Hum"ble (?), a. [Compar. Humbler (?); superl. Humblest (?).] [F., fr. L. humilis on the ground, low, fr. humus the earth, ground. See Homage, and cf. Chameleon, Humiliate.] 1. Near the ground; not high or lofty; not pretentious or magnificent; unpretending; unassuming; as, a humble cottage.

THy humble nest built on the ground.

Cowley.

2. Thinking lowly of one's self; claiming little for one's self; not proud, arrogant, or assuming; thinking one's self ill-deserving or unworthy, when judged by the demands of God; lowly; waek; modest.

God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace unto the humble.

Jas. iv. 6.

She should be humble who would please.

Prior.

Without a humble imitation of the divine Author of our . . . religion we can never hope to be a happy nation.

Washington.

Humble plant (Bot.), a species of sensitive plant, of the genus Mimosa (M. sensitiva). -- To eat humble pie, to endure mortification; to submit or apologize abjectly; to yield passively to insult or humilitation; -- a phrase derived from a pie made of the entrails or humbles of a deer, which was formerly served to servants and retainers at a hunting feast. See Humbles. Halliwell. Thackeray.

Hum"ble (?), a. Hornless. See Hummel. [Scot.]

Hum"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Humbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Humbling (?).] 1. To bring low; to reduce the power, independence, or exaltation of; to lower; to abase; to humilate.

Here, take this purse, thou whom the heaven's plagues Have humbled to all strokes.

Shak.

The genius which humbled six marshals of France.

Macaulay.

2. To make humble or lowly in mind; to abase the pride or arrogance of; to reduce the self-sufficiently of; to make meek and submissive; -- often used rexlexively.

Humble yourselves therefore under the mighty hand of God, that he may exalt you.

1 Pet. v. 6.

Syn. -- To abase; lower; depress; humiliate; mortify; disgrace; degrade.

Hum"ble*bee` (?), n. [OE. humbilbee, hombulbe; cf. D. hommel, G. hummel, OHG. humbal, Dan. humle, Sw. humla; perh. akin to hum. &radic;15. Cf. Bumblebee.] (Zoˆl.) The bumblebee. Shak.

Hum"ble*head` (?), n. [Humble + -head.] Humble condition or estate; humility. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hum"ble*ness, n. The quality of being humble; humility; meekness.

Hum"bler (?), n. One who, or that which, humbles some one.

Hum"bles (?), n. pl. [See Nombles.] Entrails of a deer. [Written also umbles.] Johnson.

Hum"blesse (?), n. [OF.] Humbleness; abasement; low obeisance. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

Hum"bly, adv. With humility; lowly. Pope.

Hum"bug` (?), n. [Prob. fr. hum to impose on, deceive + bug a frightful object.] 1. An imposition under fair pretenses; something contrived in order to deceive and mislead; a trick by cajolery; a hoax.

2. A spirit of deception; cajolery; trickishness.

3. One who deceives or misleads; a deceitful or trickish fellow; an impostor. Sir J. Stephen.

Hum"bug`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Humbugged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Humbugging (?).] To deceive; to impose; to cajole; to hoax.

Hum"bug`ger (?), n. One who humbugs.

Hum"bug`ger*y (?), n. The practice of imposition.

Hum"drum` (?), a. Monotonous; dull; commonplace. "A humdrum crone." Bryant.

Hum"drum`, n. 1. A dull fellow; a bore. B. Jonson.

2. Monotonous and tedious routine.

Dissatisfied with humdrum.

The Nation.

3. A low cart with three wheels, drawn by one horse.

{ Hu*mect" (?), Hu*mec"tate (?), } v. t. [L. humectare, humectatum, fr. humectus moist, fr. humere to be moist: cf. F. humecter.] To moisten; to wet. [Obs.] Howell.

Hu*mec"tant (?), a. [L. humectans, p. pr.] Diluent. -- n. A diluent drink or medicine. [Obs.]

Hu`mec*ta"tion (?), n. [L. humectatio: cf. F. humectation.] A moistening. [Obs.] Bacon.

Hu*mec"tive (?), a. Tending to moisten. [Obs.]

Hu"mer*al (?), a. [L. humerus the shoulder: cf. F. humÈral.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the humerus, or upper part of the arm; brachial.

Humeral veil (R. C. Ch.), a long, narrow veil or scarf of the same material as the vestments, worn round the shoulders by the officiating priest or his attendant at Mass, and used to protect the sacred vessels from contact with the hands.

||Hu"me*rus (?), n.; pl. Humeri (#). [L.] (Anat.) (a) The bone of the ||brachium, or upper part of the arm or fore limb. (b) The part of the ||limb containing the humerus; the brachium.

Hu"mic (?), a. [L. humus the earth, ground: cf. F. humique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, vegetable mold; as, humic acid. See Humin.

Hu`mi*cu*ba"tion (?), n. [L. humus the ground + cubare to lie down.] The act or practice of lying on the ground. [Obs.] Abp. Bramhall.

Hu"mid (h"md), a. [L. humidus, umidus, fr. humere, umere, to be moist; akin to uvidus moist, Gr. "ygro`s, Skr. uksh to wet, sprinkle, and Icel. vˆkr moist, and perh. to E. ox: cf. F. humide.] Containing sensible moisture; damp; moist; as, a humidair or atmosphere; somewhat wet or watery; as, humid earth; consisting of water or vapor.

Evening cloud, or humid bow.

Milton.

Hu*mid"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. humiditÈ.] Moisture; dampness; a moderate degree of wetness, which is perceptible to the eye or touch; -- used especially of the atmosphere, or of anything which has absorbed moisture from the atmosphere, as clothing.

In hygrometrical reports (as of the United States Signal Service) complete saturation of the air is designated by Humidity 100, and its partial saturation by smaller numbers.

Hu"mid*ness (?), n. Humidity.

Hu"mi*fuse (?), a. [L. humus ground + fusus, p. p. of fundere to spread.] (Bot.) Spread over the surface of the ground; procumbent. Gray.

Hu*mil"i*ant (?), a. [L. humilians, p. pr. of humiliare.] Humiliating; humbling. "Humiliant thoughts." [R.] Mrs. Browning.

Hu*mil"i*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Humiliated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Humiliating.] [L. humiliatus, p. p. of humiliare. See Humble.] To reduce to a lower position in one's own eyes, or in the eyes of others; to humble; to mortify.

We stand humiliated rather than encouraged.

M. Arnold.

Hu*mil`i*a"tion (?), n. [L. humiliatio: cf. F. humiliation.] 1. The act of humiliating or humbling; abasement of pride; mortification. Bp. Hopkins.

2. The state of being humiliated, humbled, or reduced to lowliness or submission.

The former was a humiliation of Deity; the latter a humiliation of manhood.

Hooker.

Hu*mil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Humilities (#). [OE. humilite, OF. humilitÈ, humelitÈ, F. humilitÈ, fr. L. humiliatis. See Humble.] 1. The state or quality of being humble; freedom from pride and arrogance; lowliness of mind; a modest estimate of one's own worth; a sense of one's own unworthiness through imperfection and sinfulness; self-abasement; humbleness.

Serving the Lord with all humility of mind.

Acts xx. 19.

2. An act of submission or courtesy.

With these humilities they satisfied the young king.

Sir J. Davies.

Syn. -- Lowliness; humbleness; meekness; modesty; diffidence. -- Humility, Modesty, Diffidence. Diffidence is a distrust of our powers, combined with a fear lest our failure should be censured, since a dread of failure unconnected with a dread of censure is not usually called diffidence. It may be carried too far, and is not always, like modesty and humility, a virtue. Modesty, without supposing self-distrust, implies an unwillingness to put ourselves forward, and an absence of all over-confidence in our own powers. Humility consists in rating our claims low, in being willing to waive our rights, and take a lower place than might be our due. It does not require of us to underrate ourselves.

Hu"min (?), n. [L. humus the earth, ground.] (Chem.) A bitter, brownish yellow, amorphous substance, extracted from vegetable mold, and also produced by the action of acids on certain sugars and carbohydrates; -- called also humic acid, ulmin, gein, ulmic or geic acid, etc.

||Hu*mi"ri (?), n. [From native name.] (Bot.) A fragrant balsam ||obtained from Brazilian trees of the genus Humirium.

Hum"ite (?), n. [Named after Sir A. Hume.] (Min.) A mineral of a transparent vitreous brown color, found in the ejected masses of Vesuvius. It is a silicate of iron and magnesia, containing fluorine.

Hum"mel (?), v. t. [Cf. Hamble.] To separate from the awns; -- said of barley. [Scot.]

Hum"mel, a. Having no awns or no horns; as, hummelcorn; a hummel cow. [Scot.]

Hum"mel*er (?), n. [Written also hummeller.] One who, or a machine which, hummels.

Hum"mer (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, hums; one who applauds by humming. Ainsworth.

2. (Zoˆl.) A humming bird.

Hum"ming (?), a. Emitting a murmuring sound; droning; murmuring; buzzing.

Hum"ming, n. A sound like that made by bees; a low, murmuring sound; a hum.

Hummingale, lively or strong ale. Dryden. -- Humming bird (Zoˆl.), any bird of the family TrochilidÊ, of which over one hundred genera are known, including about four hundred species. They are found only in America and are most abundant in the tropics. They are mostly of very small size, and are noted for their very brilliant colors and peculiar habit of hovering about flowers while vibrating their wings very rapidly with a humming noise. They feed both upon the nectar of flowers and upon small insects. The common humming bird or ruby-throat of the Eastern United States is Trochilus colubris. Several other species are found in the Western United States. See Calliope, and Ruby-throat. -- Humming-bird moth (Zoˆl.), a hawk moth. See Hawk moth, under Hawk, the bird.

Hum"mock (?), n. [Prob. a dim. of hump. See Hump.] 1. A rounded knoll or hillock; a rise of ground of no great extent, above a level surface.

2. A ridge or pile of ice on an ice field.

3. Timbered land. See Hammock. [Southern U.S.]

Hum"mock*ing, n. The process of forming hummocks in the collision of Arctic ice. Kane.

Hum"mock*y (?), a. Abounding in hummocks.

Hum"mum (?), n. [Per. or Ar. hammn.] A sweating bath or place for sweating. Sir T. Herbert.

Hu"mor (?), n. [OE. humour, OF. humor, umor, F. humeur, L. humor, umor, moisture, fluid, fr. humere, umere, to be moist. See Humid.] [Written also humour.] 1. Moisture, especially, the moisture or fluid of animal bodies, as the chyle, lymph, etc.; as, the humors of the eye, etc.

The ancient physicians believed that there were four humors (the blood, phlegm, yellow bile or choler, and black bile or melancholy), on the relative proportion of which the temperament and health depended.

2. (Med.) A vitiated or morbid animal fluid, such as often causes an eruption on the skin. "A body full of humors." Sir W. Temple.

3. State of mind, whether habitual or temporary (as formerly supposed to depend on the character or combination of the fluids of the body); disposition; temper; mood; as, good humor; ill humor.

Examine how your humor is inclined, And which the ruling passion of your mind.

Roscommon.

A prince of a pleasant humor.

Bacon.

I like not the humor of lying.

Shak.

4. pl. Changing and uncertain states of mind; caprices; freaks; vagaries; whims.

Is my friend all perfection, all virtue and discretion? Has he not humors to be endured?

South.

5. That quality of the imagination which gives to ideas an incongruous or fantastic turn, and tends to excite laughter or mirth by ludicrous images or representations; a playful fancy; facetiousness.

For thy sake I admit That a Scot may have humor, I'd almost said wit.

Goldsmith.

A great deal of excellent humor was expended on the perplexities of mine host.

W. Irving.

Aqueous humor, Crystalline humor or lens, Vitreous humor. (Anat.) See Eye. -- Out of humor, dissatisfied; displeased; in an unpleasant frame of mind.

Syn. -- Wit; satire; pleasantry; temper; disposition; mood; frame; whim; fancy; caprice. See Wit.

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Hu"mor (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Humored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Humoring.] 1. To comply with the humor of; to adjust matters so as suit the peculiarities, caprices, or exigencies of; to adapt one's self to; to indulge by skillful adaptation; as, to humor the mind.

It is my part to invent, and the musician's to humor that invention.

Dryden.

2. To help on by indulgence or compliant treatment; to soothe; to gratify; to please.

You humor me when I am sick.

Pope.

Syn. -- To gratify; to indulge. See Gratify.

Hu"mor*al (?), a. [Cf. F. humoral.] Pertaining to, or proceeding from, the humors; as, a humoral fever.

Humoral pathology (Med.), the pathology, or doctrine of the nature of diseases, which attributes all morbid phenomena to the disordered condition of the fluids or humors of the body.

Hu"mor*al*ism (?), n. 1. (Med.) The state or quality of being humoral.

2. (Med.) The doctrine that diseases proceed from the humors; humorism. [Obs.]

Hu"mor*al*ist, n. One who favors the humoral pathology or believes in humoralism.

Hu"mor*ism (?), n. 1. (Med.) The theory founded on the influence which the humors were supposed to have in the production of disease; Galenism. Dunglison.

2. The manner or disposition of a humorist; humorousness. Coleridge.

Hu"mor*ist, n. [Cf. F. humoriste.] 1. (Med.) One who attributes diseases of the state of the humors.

2. One who has some peculiarity or eccentricity of character, which he indulges in odd or whimsical ways.

He [Roger de Coverley] . . . was a great humorist in all parts of his life.

Addison.

3. One who displays humor in speaking or writing; one who has a facetious fancy or genius; a wag; a droll.

The reputation of wits and humorists.

Addison.

Hu`mor*is"tic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a humorist.

Hu"mor*ize (?), v. t. To humor. Marston.

Hu"mor*less, a. Destitute of humor.

Hu"mor*ous (?), a. [Cf. L. humorosus, umorosus, moist. See Humor.] 1. Moist; humid; watery. [Obs.]

All founts wells, all deeps humorous.

Chapman.

2. Subject to be governed by humor or caprice; irregular; capricious; whimsical. Hawthorne.

Rough as a storm and humorous as the wind.

Dryden.

3. Full of humor; jocular; exciting laughter; playful; as, a humorous story or author; a humorous aspect.

Syn. -- Jocose; facetious; witty; pleasant; merry.

Hu"mor*ous*ly, adv. 1. Capriciously; whimsically.

We resolve rashly, sillily, or humorously.

Calamy.

2. Facetiously; wittily.

Hu"mor*ous*ness, n. 1. Moodiness; capriciousness.

2. Facetiousness; jocularity.

Hu"mor*some (?), a. 1. Moody; whimsical; capricious. Hawthorne.

The commons do not abet humorsome, factious arms.

Burke.

2. Jocose; witty; humorous. Swift.

Hu"mor*some*ly, adv. Pleasantly; humorously.

Hu"mor*some*ness, n. Quality of being humorsome.

Hump (?), n. [Cf. D. homp a lump, LG. hump heap, hill, stump, possibly akin to E. heap. Cf. Hunch.] 1. A protuberance; especially, the protuberance formed by a crooked back.

2. (Zoˆl.) A fleshy protuberance on the back of an animal, as a camel or whale.

Hump"back` (?), n. [Cf. Hunchback.] 1. A crooked back; a humped back. Tatler.

2. A humpbacked person; a hunchback.

3. (Zoˆl.) (a) Any whale of the genus Megaptera, characterized by a hump or bunch on the back. Several species are known. The most common ones in the North Atlantic are Megaptera longimana of Europe, and M. osphyia of America; that of the California coasts is M. versabilis. (b) A small salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), of the northwest coast of America.

Hump"backed` (?), a. Having a humped back.

Humped (?), a. Having a hump, as the back.

Humph (?), interj. [Of imitative origin.] An exclamation denoting surprise, or contempt, doubt, etc.

Hump"less (?), a. Without a hump. Darwin.

Hump"-shoul`dered (?), a. Having high, hunched shoulders. Hawthorne.

Hump"y (?), a. Full of humps or bunches; covered with protuberances; humped.

Hum"strum` (?), n. An instrument out of tune or rudely constructed; music badly played.

Hu"mu*lin (?), n. [NL. Humulus, the genus including the hop.] An extract of hops.

||Hu"mus (?), n. [L., the earth, ground, soil.] That portion of the ||soil formed by the decomposition of animal or vegetable matter. It is ||a valuable constituent of soils. Graham.

Hun (?), n. [L. Hunni, also Chunni, and Chuni; cf. AS. H&?;nas, H&?;ne, OHG. H&?;ni, G. Hunnen.] One of a warlike nomadic people of Northern Asia who, in the 5th century, under Atilla, invaded and conquered a great part of Europe.

Hunch (?), n. [Perh. akin to huckle; cf. hump, hunch, bunch, hunk.] 1. A hump; a protuberance.

2. A lump; a thick piece; as, a hunch of bread.

3. A push or thrust, as with the elbow.

Hunch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hunched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hunching.] 1. To push or jostle with the elbow; to push or thrust suddenly.

2. To thrust out a hump or protuberance; to crook, as the back. Dryden.

Hunch"back` (?), n. [Cf. Humpback.] A back with a hunch or hump; also, a hunchbacked person.

Hunch"backed` (?), a. Having a humped back.

Hun"dred (hn"drd), n. [OE. hundred, AS. hundred a territorial division; hund hundred + a word akin to Goth. ga-ra˛jan to count, L. ratio reckoning, account; akin to OS. hunderod, hund, D. hondred, G. hundert, OHG. also hunt, Icel. hundra, Dan. hundrede, Sw. hundra, hundrade, Goth. hund, Lith. szimtas, Russ. sto, W. cant, Ir. cead, L. centum, Gr. "ekato`s, Skr. Áata. &radic;309. Cf. Cent, Century, Hecatomb, Quintal, and Reason.] 1. The product of ten multiplied by ten, or the number of ten times ten; a collection or sum, consisting of ten times ten units or objects; five score. Also, a symbol representing one hundred units, as 100 or C.

With many hundreds treading on his heels.

Shak.

The word hundred, as well as thousand, million, etc., often takes a plural form. We may say hundreds, or many hundreds, meaning individual objects or units, but with an ordinal numeral adjective in constructions like five hundreds, or eight hundreds, it is usually intended to consider each hundred as a separate aggregate; as, ten hundreds are one thousand.

2. A division of a country in England, supposed to have originally contained a hundred families, or freemen.

Hundred court, a court held for all the inhabitants of a hundred. [Eng.] Blackstone.

Hun"dred, a. Ten times ten; five score; as, a hundred dollars.

Hun"dred*er (?), n. 1. An inhabitant or freeholder of a hundred.

2. (Law) A person competent to serve on a jury, in an action for land in the hundred to which he belongs.

3. One who has the jurisdiction of a hundred; and sometimes, a bailiff of a hundred. Blount. Cowell.

Hun"dred*fold` (?), n. A hundred times as much or as many.

He shall receive as hundredfold now in this time.

Mark x. 30.

Hun"dredth (?), a. 1. Coming last of a hundred successive individuals or units.

2. Forming one of a hundred equal parts into which anything is divided; the tenth of a tenth.

Hun"dredth, n. One of a hundred equal parts into which one whole is, or may be, divided; the quotient of a unit divided by a hundred.

Hun"dred*weight` (?), n. A denomination of weight, containing 100, 112, or 120 pounds avoirdupois, according to differing laws or customs. By the legal standard of England it is 112 pounds. In most of the United States, both in practice and by law, it is 100 pounds avoirdupois, the corresponding ton of 2,000 pounds, sometimes called the short ton, being the legal ton.

Hung (?), imp. & p. p. of Hang.

Hung beef, the fleshy part of beef slightly salted and hung up to dry; dried beef.

Hun*ga"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Hungary or to the people of Hungary. -- n. A native or one of the people of Hungary.

Hungarian grass. See Italian millet, under Millet.

Hun"ga*ry (?), n. A country in Central Europe, now a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

Hungary water, a distilled "water," made from dilute alcohol aromatized with rosemary flowers, etc.

Hun"ger (?), n. [AS. hungor; akin to OFries. hunger, D. honger, OS. & OHG. hungar, G. hunger, Icel. hungr, Sw. & Dan. hunger, Goth. h&?;hrus hunger, huggrjan to hunger.] 1. An uneasy sensation occasioned normally by the want of food; a craving or desire for food.

The sensation of hunger is usually referred to the stomach, but is probably dependent on excitation of the sensory nerves, both of the stomach and intestines, and perhaps also on indirect impressions from other organs, more or less exhausted from lack of nutriment.

2. Any strong eager desire.

O sacred hunger of ambitious minds!

Spenser.

For hunger of my gold I die.

Dryden.

Hun"ger, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hungered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hungering.] [OE. hungren, AS. hyngrian. See Hunger, n.] 1. To feel the craving or uneasiness occasioned by want of food; to be oppressed by hunger.

2. To have an eager desire; to long.

Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteouness.

Matt. v. 6.

Hun"ger, v. t. To make hungry; to famish.

{ Hun"ger-bit` (?), Hun"ger-bit`ten (?), } a. Pinched or weakened by hunger. [Obs.] Milton.

Hun"gered (?), a. Hungry; pinched for food. [Obs.] Milton.

Hun"ger*er (?), n. One who hungers; one who longs. Lamb.

Hun"ger*ly, a. Wanting food; starved. [Obs.] Shak.

Hun"ger*ly, adv. With keen appetite. [Obs.] Shak.

Hun"ger-starve` (?), v. t. To starve with hunger; to famish. [Obs.] Shak.

Hun"gred (?), a. Hungered; hungry. [Archaic]

Hun"gri*ly (?), adv. [From Hunger.] In a hungry manner; voraciously. Dryden.

Hun"gry (?), a. [Compar. Hungrier (?); superl. Hungriest.] [AS. hungrid. See Hunger.] 1. Feeling hunger; having a keen appetite; feeling uneasiness or distress from want of food; hence, having an eager desire.

2. Showing hunger or a craving desire; voracious.

The cruel, hungry foam.

C. Kingsley.

Cassius has a lean and hungry look.

Shak.

3. Not rich or fertile; poor; barren; starved; as, a hungry soil. "The hungry beach." Shak.

Hunk (?), n. [Cf. Hunch.] A large lump or piece; a hunch; as, a hunk of bread. [Colloq.]

Hun"ker (?), n. Originally, a nickname for a member of the conservative section of the Democratic party in New York; hence, one opposed to progress in general; a fogy. [Political Cant, U.S.]

Hun"ker*ism (?), n. Excessive conservatism; hostility to progress. [Political Cant, U.S.]

Hunks (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A covetous, sordid man; a miser; a niggard.

Pray make your bargain with all the prudence and selfishness of an old hunks.

Gray.

Hunt (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hunting.] [AS. huntian to hunt; cf. hentan to follow, pursue, Goth. hin&?;an (in comp.) to seize. &radic;36. Cf. Hent.] 1. To search for or follow after, as game or wild animals; to chase; to pursue for the purpose of catching or killing; to follow with dogs or guns for sport or exercise; as, to hunt a deer.

Like a dog, he hunts in dreams.

Tennyson.

2. To search diligently after; to seek; to pursue; to follow; -- often with out or up; as, to hunt up the facts; to hunt out evidence.

Evil shall hunt the violent man to overthrow him.

Ps. cxl. 11.

3. To drive; to chase; -- with down, from, away, etc.; as, to hunt down a criminal; he was hunted from the parish.

4. To use or manage in the chase, as hounds.

He hunts a pack of dogs.

Addison.

5. To use or traverse in pursuit of game; as, he hunts the woods, or the country.

Hunt, v. i. 1. To follow the chase; to go out in pursuit of game; to course with hounds.

Esau went to the field to hunt for venison.

Gen. xxvii. 5.

2. To seek; to pursue; to search; -- with for or after.

He after honor hunts, I after love.

Shak.

To hunt counter, to trace the scent backward in hunting, as a hound to go back on one's steps. [Obs.] Shak.

Hunt, n. 1. The act or practice of chasing wild animals; chase; pursuit; search.

The hunt is up; the morn is bright and gray.

Shak.

2. The game secured in the hunt. [Obs.] Shak.

3. A pack of hounds. [Obs.]

4. An association of huntsmen.

5. A district of country hunted over.

Every landowner within the hunt.

London Field.

Hunt"-count`er (?), n. A worthless dog that runs back on the scent; a blunderer. [Obs.] Shak.

Hunt"e (?), n. [AS. hunta.] A hunter. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hunt"er (?), n. 1. One who hunts wild animals either for sport or for food; a huntsman.

2. A dog that scents game, or is trained to the chase; a hunting dog. Shak.

3. A horse used in the chase; especially, a thoroughbred, bred and trained for hunting.

4. One who hunts or seeks after anything, as if for game; as, a fortune hunter a place hunter.

No keener hunter after glory breathes.

Tennyson.

5. (Zoˆl.) A kind of spider. See Hunting spider, under Hunting.

6. A hunting watch, or one of which the crystal is protected by a metallic cover.

Hunter's room, the lunation after the harvest moon. -- Hunter's screw (Mech.), a differential screw, so named from the inventor. See under Differential.

Hun*te"ri*an (?), a. Discovered or described by John Hunter, an English surgeon; as, the Hunterian chancre. See Chancre.

Hunt"ing (?), n. The pursuit of game or of wild animals. A. Smith.

Happy hunting grounds, the region to which, according to the belief of American Indians, the souls of warriors and hunters pass after death, to be happy in hunting and feasting. Tylor. -- Hunting box. Same As Hunting lodge (below). -- Hunting cat (Zoˆl.), the cheetah. -- Hunting cog (Mach.), a tooth in the larger of two geared wheels which makes its number of teeth prime to the number in the smaller wheel, thus preventing the frequent meeting of the same pairs of teeth. -- Hunting dog (Zoˆl.), the hyena dog. -- Hunting ground, a region or district abounding in game; esp. (pl.), the regions roamed over by the North American Indians in search of game. -- Hunting horn, a bulge; a horn used in the chase. See Horn, and Bulge. -- Hunting leopard (Zoˆl.), the cheetah. -- Hunting lodge, a temporary residence for the purpose of hunting. -- Hunting seat, a hunting lodge. Gray. -- Hunting shirt, a coarse shirt for hunting, often of leather. -- Hunting spider (Zoˆl.), a spider which hunts its prey, instead of catching it in a web; a wolf spider. -- Hunting watch. See Hunter, 6.

Hunt"ress (?), n. A woman who hunts or follows the chase; as, the huntress Diana. Shak.

Hunts"man (?), n.; pl. Huntsmen (&?;). 1. One who hunts, or who practices hunting.

2. The person whose office it is to manage the chase or to look after the hounds. L'Estrange.

Huntsman's cup (Bot.), the sidesaddle flower, or common American pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea).

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Hunts"man*ship (?), n. The art or practice of hunting, or the qualification of a hunter. Donne.

Hunt's"-up` (?), n. A tune played on the horn very early in the morning to call out the hunters; hence, any arousing sound or call. [Obs.] Shak.

Time plays the hunt's-up to thy sleepy head.

Drayton.

Hur"den (?), n. [From Hurds.] A coarse kind of linen; -- called also harden. [Prov. Eng.]

Hur"dle (?), n. [OE. hurdel, hirdel, AS. hyrdel; akin to D. horde, OHG. hurt, G. h¸rde a hurdle, fold, pen, Icel. hur&?; door, Goth. ha˙rds, L. cratis wickerwork, hurdle, Gr. &?;, Skr. k&?;t to spin, c&?;t to bind, connect. &radic;16. Cf. Crate, Grate, n.] 1. A movable frame of wattled twigs, osiers, or withes and stakes, or sometimes of iron, used for inclosing land, for folding sheep and cattle, for gates, etc.; also, in fortification, used as revetments, and for other purposes.

2. In England, a sled or crate on which criminals were formerly drawn to the place of execution. Bacon.

3. An artificial barrier, variously constructed, over which men or horses leap in a race.

Hurdle race, a race in which artificial barriers in the form of hurdles, fences, etc., must be leaped.

Hur"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hurdleed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hurdleing (?).] To hedge, cover, make, or inclose with hurdles. Milton.

Hur"dle*work` (?), n. Work after manner of a hurdle.

Hurds (?), n. [See Hards.] The coarse part of flax or hemp; hards.

Hur"dy-gur`dy (?), n. [Prob. of imitative origin.] 1. A stringled instrument, lutelike in shape, in which the sound is produced by the friction of a wheel turned by a crank at the end, instead of by a bow, two of the strings being tuned as drones, while two or more, tuned in unison, are modulated by keys.

2. In California, a water wheel with radial buckets, driven by the impact of a jet.

Hur*ka"ru (?), n. [Hind. harkra] In India, a running footman; a messenger. [Written also hurkaroo.]

Hurl (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hurled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hurling.] [OE. hurlen, hourlen; prob. contracted fr. OE. hurtlen to hurtle, or probably akin to E. whirl. &radic;16. See Hurtle.] 1. To send whirling or whizzing through the air; to throw with violence; to drive with great force; as, to hurl a stone or lance.

And hurl'd them headlong to their fleet and main.

Pope.

2. To emit or utter with vehemence or impetuosity; as, to hurl charges or invective. Spenser.

3. [Cf. Whirl.] To twist or turn. "Hurled or crooked feet." [Obs.] Fuller.

Hurl, v. i. 1. To hurl one's self; to go quickly. [R.]

2. To perform the act of hurling something; to throw something (at another).

God shall hurl at him and not spare.

Job xxvii. 22 (Rev. Ver. ).

3. To play the game of hurling. See Hurling.

Hurl, n. 1. The act of hurling or throwing with violence; a cast; a fling. Congreve.

2. Tumult; riot; hurly-burly. [Obs.] Knolles.

3. (Hat Manuf.) A table on which fiber is stirred and mixed by beating with a bowspring.

Hurl"bat` (?), n. See Whirlbat. [Obs.] Holland.

Hurl"bone` (?), n. 1. See Whirlbone.

2. (Far.) A bone near the middle of the buttock of a horse. Crabb.

Hurl"er (?), n. One who hurls, or plays at hurling.

Hurl"ing, n. 1. The act of throwing with force.

2. A kind of game at ball, formerly played.

Hurling taketh its denomination from throwing the ball.

Carew.

Hurl"wind` (?), n. A whirlwind. [Obs.] Sandys.

Hur"ly (?), n. [Cf. F. hurler to howl.] Noise; confusion; uproar.

That, with the hurly, death itself awakes.

Shak.

Hur"ly-bur`ly (?), n. [Reduplicated fr. OE. hurly confusion: cf. F. hurler to howl, yell, L. ululare; or cf. E. hurry.] Tumult; bustle; confusion. Shak.

All places were filled with tumult and hurly- burly.

Knolles.

Hu*ro"ni*an (?), a. [Named from Lake Huron.] (Geol.) Of or pertaining to certain non- fossiliferous rocks on the borders of Lake Huron, which are supposed to correspond in time to the latter part of the ArchÊan age.

Hu"ron-Ir`o*quous" (?), n. (Ethnol.) A linguistic group of warlike North American Indians, belonging to the same stock as the Algonquins, and including several tribes, among which were the Five Nations. They formerly occupied the region about Lakes Erie and Ontario, and the larger part of New York.

Hu"rons (?), n. pl.; sing. Huron. (Ethnol.) A powerful and warlike tribe of North American Indians of the Algonquin stock. They formerly occupied the country between Lakes Huron, Erie, and Ontario, but were nearly exterminated by the Five Nations about 1650.

Hurr (?), v. i. [See Hurry.] To make a rolling or burring sound. [Obs.]

R is the dog's letter, and hurreth in the sound.

B. Jonson.

{ Hur*rah" Hur*ra" } (?), interj. [Cf. G., Dan., & Sw. hurra. Cf. Huzza.] A word used as a shout of joy, triumph, applause, encouragement, or welcome.

Hurrah! hurrah! for Ivry and Henry of Navarre.

Macaulay.

Hur*rah", n. A cheer; a shout of joy, etc.

Hurrah's nest, state of utmost confusion. [Colloq. U.S.]

A perfect hurrah's nest in our kitchen.

Mrs. Stowe.

Hur*rah" (?), v. i. To utter hurrahs; to huzza.

Hur*rah", v. t. To salute, or applaud, with hurrahs.

Hur"ri*cane (?), n. [Sp. hurracan; orig. a Carib word signifying, a high wind.] A violent storm, characterized by extreme fury and sudden changes of the wind, and generally accompanied by rain, thunder, and lightning; -- especially prevalent in the East and West Indies. Also used figuratively.

Like the smoke in a hurricane whirl'd.

Tennyson.

Each guilty thought to me is A dreadful hurricane.

Massinger.

Hurricane bird (Zoˆl.), the frigate bird. -- Hurricane deck. (Naut.) See under Deck.

Hur`ri*ca"no (?), n.; pl. Hurricanoes (#). A waterspout; a hurricane. [Obs.] Drayton. "You cataracts and hurricanoes, spout." Shak.

Hur"ried (?), a. 1. Urged on; hastened; going or working at speed; as, a hurried writer; a hurried life.

2. Done in a hurry; hence, imperfect; careless; as, a hurried job. "A hurried meeting." Milton.

-- Hur"ried*ly, adv. -- Hur"ried*ness, n.

Hur"ri*er (?), n. One who hurries or urges.

Hur"ries (?), n. A staith or framework from which coal is discharged from cars into vessels.

Hur"ry (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hurried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hurrying.] [OE. horien; cf. OSw. hurra to whirl round, dial. Sw. hurr great haste, Dan. hurre to buzz, Icel. hurr hurly-burly, MHG. hurren to hurry, and E. hurr, whir to hurry; all prob. of imitative origin.] 1. To hasten; to impel to greater speed; to urge on.

Impetuous lust hurries him on.

South.

They hurried him abroad a bark.

Shak.

2. To impel to precipitate or thoughtless action; to urge to confused or irregular activity.

And wild amazement hurries up and down The little number of your doubtful friends.

Shak.

3. To cause to be done quickly.

Syn. -- To hasten; precipitate; expedite; quicken; accelerate; urge.

Hur"ry, v. i. To move or act with haste; to proceed with celerity or precipitation; as, let us hurry.

To hurry up, to make haste. [Colloq.]

Hur"ry, n. The act of hurrying in motion or business; pressure; urgency; bustle; confusion.

Ambition raises a tumult in the soul, it inflames the mind, and puts into a violent hurry of thought.

Addison.

Syn. -- Haste; speed; dispatch. See Haste.

Hur"ry*ing*ly, adv. In a hurrying manner.

Hur"ry-skur`ry (?), adv. [An imitative word; cf. Sw. skorra to rattle, snarl, E. scurry.] Confusedly; in a bustle. [Obs.] Gray.

Hurst (?), n. [OE. hurst, AS. hyrst; akin to OHG. hurst, horst, wood, thicket, G. horst the nest of a bird of prey, an eyerie, thicket.] A wood or grove; -- a word used in the composition of many names, as in Hazlehurst.

Hurt, n. (Mach.) (a) A band on a trip-hammer helve, bearing the trunnions. (b) A husk. See Husk, 2.

Hurt (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hurt (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hurting.] [OE. hurten, hirten, horten, herten; prob. fr. OF. hurter, heurter, to knock, thrust, strike, F. heurter; cf. W. hyrddu to push, drive, assault, hwrdd a stroke, blow, push; also, a ram, the orig. sense of the verb thus perhaps being, to butt as a ram; cf. D. horten to push, strike, MHG. hurten, both prob. fr. Old French.] 1. To cause physical pain to; to do bodily harm to; to wound or bruise painfully.

The hurt lion groans within his den.

Dryden.

2. To impar the value, usefulness, beauty, or pleasure of; to damage; to injure; to harm.

Virtue may be assailed, but never hurt.

Milton.

3. To wound the feelings of; to cause mental pain to; to offend in honor or self-respect; to annoy; to grieve. "I am angry and hurt." Thackeray.

Hurt"er, n. 1. A bodily injury causing pain; a wound, bruise, or the like.

The pains of sickness and hurts . . . all men feel.

Locke.

2. An injury causing pain of mind or conscience; a slight; a stain; as of sin.

But the jingling of the guinea helps the hurt that Honor feels.

Tennyson.

3. Injury; damage; detriment; harm; mischief.

Thou dost me yet but little hurt.

Shak.

Syn. -- Wound; bruise; injury; harm; damage; loss; detriment; mischief; bane; disadvantage.

Hurt"er (?), n. One who hurts or does harm.

I shall not be a hurter, if no helper.

Beau. & Fl.

Hurt"er, n. [F. heurtoir, lit., a striker. See Hurt, v. t.] A butting piece; a strengthening piece, esp.: (Mil.) A piece of wood at the lower end of a platform, designed to prevent the wheels of gun carriages from injuring the parapet.

Hurt"ful (?), a. Tending to impair or damage; injurious; mischievous; occasioning loss or injury; as, hurtful words or conduct.

Syn. -- Pernicious; harmful; baneful; prejudicial; detrimental; disadvantageous; mischievous; injurious; noxious; unwholesome; destructive.

-- Hurt"ful*ly, adv. -- Hurt"ful*ness, n.

Hur"tle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hurtled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hurtling (?).] [OE. hurtlen, freq. of hurten. See Hurt, v. t., and cf. Hurl.] 1. To meet with violence or shock; to clash; to jostle.

Together hurtled both their steeds.

Fairfax.

2. To move rapidly; to wheel or rush suddenly or with violence; to whirl round rapidly; to skirmish.

Now hurtling round, advantage for to take.

Spenser.

Down the hurtling cataract of the ages.

R. L. Stevenson.

3. To make a threatening sound, like the clash of arms; to make a sound as of confused clashing or confusion; to resound.

The noise of battle hurtled in the air.

Shak.

The earthquake sound Hurtling 'death the solid ground.

Mrs. Browning.

Hur"tle (?), v. t. 1. To move with violence or impetuosity; to whirl; to brandish. [Obs.]

His harmful club he gan to hurtle high.

Spenser.

2. To push; to jostle; to hurl.

And he hurtleth with his horse adown.

Chaucer.

Hur"tle*ber`ry (?), n. [Cf. Huckleberry, Whortleberry.] See Whortleberry.

Hurt"less (?), a. Doing no injury; harmless; also, unhurt; without injury or harm.

Gentle dame so hurtless and so true.

Spenser.

-- Hurt"less*ly, adv. -- Hurt"less*ness, n.

Hus"band (?), n. [OE. hosebonde, husbonde, a husband, the master of the house or family, AS. h&?;sbonda master of the house; h&?;s house + bunda, bonda, householder, husband; prob. fr. Icel. h&?;sbndi house master, husband; h&?;s house + b&?;andi dwelling, inhabiting, p. pr. of b&?;a to dwell; akin to AS. b&?;an, Goth. bauan. See House Be, and cf. Bond a slave, Boor.] 1. The male head of a household; one who orders the economy of a family. [Obs.]

2. A cultivator; a tiller; a husbandman. [Obs.] Shak.

The painful husband, plowing up his ground.

Hakewill.

He is the neatest husband for curious ordering his domestic and field accommodations.

Evelyn.

3. One who manages or directs with prudence and economy; a frugal person; an economist. [R.]

God knows how little time is left me, and may I be a good husband, to improve the short remnant left me.

Fuller.

4. A married man; a man who has a wife; -- the correlative to wife.

The husband and wife are one person in law.

Blackstone.

5. The male of a pair of animals. [R.] Dryden.

A ship's husband (Naut.), an agent representing the owners of a ship, who manages its expenses and receipts.

Hus"band, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Husbanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Husbanding.] 1. To direct and manage with frugality; to use or employ to good purpose and the best advantage; to spend, apply, or use, with economy.

For my means, I'll husband them so well, They shall go far.

Shak.

2. To cultivate, as land; to till. [R.]

Land so trim and rarely husbanded.

Evelyn.

3. To furnish with a husband. [R.] Shak.

Hus"band*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being husbanded, or managed with economy. Sherwood.

Hus"band*age (?), n. (Naut.) The commission or compensation allowed to a ship's husband.

Hus"band*less, a. Destitute of a husband. Shak.

Hus"band*ly, a. Frugal; thrifty. [R.] Tusser.

Hus"band*man (?), n.; pl. Husbandmen (&?;). 1. The master of a family. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A farmer; a cultivator or tiller of the ground.

Hus"band*ry (?), n. 1. Care of domestic affairs; economy; domestic management; thrift.

There's husbandry in heaven; Their candles are all out.

Shak.

2. The business of a husbandman, comprehending the various branches of agriculture; farming.

Husbandry supplieth all things necessary for food.

Spenser.

Hush (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hushed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hushing.] [OE. huschen, hussen, prob. of imitative origin; cf. LG. hussen to lull to sleep, G. husch quick, make haste, be silent.] 1. To still; to silence; to calm; to make quiet; to repress the noise or clamor of.

My tongue shall hush again this storm of war.

Shak.

2. To appease; to allay; to calm; to soothe.

With thou, then, Hush my cares?

Otway.

And hush'd my deepest grief of all.

Tennyson.

To hush up, to procure silence concerning; to suppress; to keep secret. "This matter is hushed up." Pope.

Hush, v. i. To become or to keep still or quiet; to become silent; -- esp. used in the imperative, as an exclamation; be still; be silent or quiet; make no noise.

Hush, idle words, and thoughts of ill.

Keble.

But all these strangers' presence every one did hush.

Spenser.

Hush, n. Stillness; silence; quiet. [R.] "It is the hush of night." Byron.

Hush money, money paid to secure silence, or to prevent the disclosure of facts. Swift.

Hush, a. Silent; quiet. "Hush as death." Shak.

Hush"er (?), n. An usher. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hush"ing, n. (Mining) The process of washing ore, or of uncovering mineral veins, by a heavy discharge of water from a reservoir; flushing; -- also called booming.

Husk (?), n. [Prob. for hulsk, and from the same root as hull a husk. See Hull a husk.] 1. The external covering or envelope of certain fruits or seeds; glume; hull; rind; in the United States, especially applied to the covering of the ears of maize.

2. The supporting frame of a run of millstones.

Husks of the prodigal son (Bot.), the pods of the carob tree. See Carob.

Husk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Husked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Husking.] To strip off the external covering or envelope of; as, to husk Indian corn.

Husked (?), a. 1. Covered with a husk.

2. Stripped of husks; deprived of husks.

Hus"ki*ly (?), adv. [From Husky.] In a husky manner; dryly.

Hus"ki*ness, n. 1. The state of being husky.

2. Roughness of sound; harshness; hoarseness; as, huskiness of voice. G. Eliot.

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Husk"ing (?), n. 1. The act or process of stripping off husks, as from Indian corn.

2. A meeting of neighbors or friends to assist in husking maize; -- called also husking bee. [U.S.] "A red ear in the husking." Longfellow.

Husk"y (?), a. [From Husk, n.] Abounding with husks; consisting of husks. Dryden.

Hus"ky (?), a. [Prob. for husty; cf. OE. host cough, AS. hwsta; akin to D. hoest, G. husten, OHG. huosto, Icel. hsti. See Wheeze.] Rough in tone; harsh; hoarse; raucous; as, a husky voice.

Hu"so (?), n. [NL., fr. G. hausen, and E. isin&?;glass.] (Zoˆl.) (a) A large European sturgeon (Acipenser huso), inhabiting the region of the Black and Caspian Seas. It sometimes attains a length of more than twelve feet, and a weight of two thousand pounds. Called also hausen. (b) The huchen, a large salmon.

Hus*sar" (?), n. [Hung. husz·r, from husz twenty, because under King Matthais I., in the fifteenth century, every twenty houses were to furnish one horse soldier; cf. G. husar, F. houssard, hussard, from the same source.] (Mil.) Originally, one of the national cavalry of Hungary and Croatia; now, one of the light cavalry of European armies.

Huss"ite (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of John Huss, the Bohemian reformer, who was adjudged a heretic and burnt alive in 1415.

Hus"sy (?), n. [Contr. fr. huswife.] 1. A housewife or housekeeper. [Obs.]

2. A worthless woman or girl; a forward wench; a jade; -- used as a term of contempt or reproach. Grew.

3. A pert girl; a frolicsome or sportive young woman; -- used jocosely. Goldsmith.

Hus"sy, n. [From Icel. h&?;si a case, prob. fr. h&?;s house. See House, and cf. Housewife a bag, Huswife a bag.] A case or bag. See Housewife, 2.

Hus"tings (?), n. pl. [OE. husting an assembly, coucil, AS. h&?;sting; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. h&?;s&?;ing; h&?;s home + &?;ing thing, assembly, meeting; akin to Dan. & Sw. ting, E. thing. See House, and Thing.] 1. A court formerly held in several cities of England; specif., a court held in London, before the lord mayor, recorder, and sheriffs, to determine certain classes of suits for the recovery of lands within the city. In the progress of law reform this court has become unimportant. Mozley & W.

2. Any one of the temporary courts held for the election of members of the British Parliament.

3. The platform on which candidates for Parliament formerly stood in addressing the electors. [Eng.]

When the rotten hustings shake In another month to his brazen lies.

Tennyson.

Hus"tle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hustled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hustling (?).] [D. hustelen to shake, fr. husten to shake. Cf. Hotchpotch.] To shake together in confusion; to push, jostle, or crowd rudely; to handle roughly; as, to hustle a person out of a room. Macaulay.

Hus"tle, v. i. To push or crows; to force one's way; to move hustily and with confusion; a hurry.

Leaving the king, who had hustled along the floor with his dress worfully arrayed.

Sir W. Scott.

Hus"wife (?), n. [OE. huswif; hus house + wif wife. Cf. Hussy a housewife, Housewife.] [Written also housewife.] 1. A female housekeeper; a woman who manages domestic affairs; a thirfty woman. "The bounteous huswife Nature." Shak.

The huswife is she that do labor doth fall.

Tusser.

2. A worthless woman; a hussy. [Obs.] Shak.

3. [See Hussy a bag.] A case for sewing materials. See Housewife. Cowper.

Hus"wife, v. t. To manage with frugality; -- said of a woman. Dryden.

Hus"wife*ly, a. Like a huswife; capable; economical; prudent. -- adv. In a huswifely manner.

Hus"wife*ry (?), n. The business of a housewife; female domestic economy and skill. Tusser.

Hut (?), n. [OE. hotte; akin to D. hut, G. h¸tte, OHG. hutta, Dan. hytte, Sw. hydda; and F. hutte, of G. origin; all akin to E. hide to conceal. See Hude to conceal.] A small house, hivel, or cabin; a mean lodge or dwelling; a slightly built or temporary structure.

Death comes on with equal footsteps To the hall and hut

. Bp. Coxe.

Hutch (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Hutted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hutting.] To place in huts; to live in huts; as, to hut troops in winter quarters.

The troops hutted among the heights of Morristown.

W. Irving.

Hutch (?), n. [OE. hucche, huche, hoche, F. huche, LL. hutica.] 1. A chest, box, coffer, bin, coop, or the like, in which things may be stored, or animals kept; as, a grain hutch; a rabbit hutch.

2. A measure of two Winchester bushels.

3. (Mining) The case of a flour bolt.

4. (Mining) (a) A car on low wheels, in which coal is drawn in the mine and hoisted out of the pit. (b) A jig for washing ore.

Bolting hutch, Booby hutch, etc. See under Bolting, etc.

Hutch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hutched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hutching.] 1. To hoard or lay up, in a chest. [R.] "She hutched the . . . ore." Milton.

2. (Mining) To wash (ore) in a box or jig.

Hutch`un*so"ni*an (?), n. A follower of John Hutchinson of Yorkshire, England, who believed that the Hebrew Scriptures contained a complete system of natural science and of theology.

Hut*to"ni*an (?), a. Relating to what is now called the Plutonic theory of the earth, first advanced by Dr. James Hutton. Lyell.

Hux"ter (?), n. & v. i. See Huckster.

Huy*ghe"ni*an (?), a. Pertaining to, or invented by, Christian Huyghens, a Dutch astronomer of the seventeenth century; as, the Huyghenian telescope.

Huyghenian eyepieceSee under Eyepiece.

Huzz (?), v. i. [An onomatopúa. &radic;43. Cf. Buzz.] To buzz; to murmur. [Obs.]

Huzzing and burring in the preacher's ear.

Latimer.

Huz*za" (?), interj. [Cf. G. hussa, husa, interj., hurrah, huzza. &radic;43. Cf. Hurrah.] A word used as a shout of joy, exultation, approbation, or encouragement.

Huz"za, n. A shout of huzza; a cheer; a hurrah.

They made a great huzza or shout.

Evelyn.

Huz*za", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Huzzaed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Huzzaing.] To shout huzza; to cheer.

Huz*za", v. t. To receive or attend with huzzas.

He was huzzaed into the court.

Addison.

Hy (?), a. High. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hy"a*cine (?), n. A hyacinth. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hy"a*cinth (?), n. [L. hyacinthus a kind of flower, prob. the iris, gladiolus, or larkspur, also a kind of gem, perh. the sapphire; as, a proper name, Hyacinthus, a beautiful Laconian youth, beloved by Apollo, fr. Gr. &?;, &?;: cf. F. hyacinthe. Cf. Jacinth. The hyacinth was fabled to have sprung from the blood of Hyacinthus, who was accidentally slain by Apollo.] 1. (Bot.) (a) A bulbous plant of the genus Hyacinthus, bearing beautiful spikes of fragrant flowers. H. orientalis is a common variety. (b) A plant of the genus Camassia (C. Farseri), called also Eastern camass; wild hyacinth. (c) The name also given to Scilla Peruviana, a Mediterranean plant, one variety of which produces white, and another blue, flowers; -- called also, from a mistake as to its origin, Hyacinth of Peru.

2. (Min.) A red variety of zircon, sometimes used as a gem. See Zircon.

Hyacinth bean (Bot.), a climbing leguminous plant (Dolichos Lablab), related to the true bean. It has dark purple flowers and fruit.

Hy`a*cin"thi*an (?), a. Hyacinthine. [R.]

Hy`a*cin"thine (?), a. [L. hyacinthinus, Gr. &?;.] Belonging to the hyacinth; resembling the hyacinth; in color like the hyacinth. Milton.

His curling locks like hyacinthine flowers.

Cowper.

The hyacinthine boy, for whom Morn well might break and April bloom.

Emerson.

{ Hy"a*des (?), Hy"ads (?), } n. pl. [L. Hyades, Gr. &?;.] (Astron.) A cluster of five stars in the face of the constellation Taurus, supposed by the ancients to indicate the coming of rainy weather when they rose with the sun.

Thro' scudding drifts the rainy Hyades Vext the dim sea.

Tennyson.

Hy*Ê"na (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Same as Hyena.

||Hy*a"le*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; glassy, fr. "y`alos glass.] ||(Zoˆl.) A pteropod of the genus Cavolina. See Pteropoda, and ||Illustration in Appendix.

Hy`a*les"cence (?), n. [See Hyaline.] The process of becoming, or the state of being, transparent like glass.

Hy"a*line (?), a. [L. hyalinus, Gr. &?;, fr. "y`alos glass: cf. F. hyalin.] Glassy; resembling glass; consisting of glass; transparent, like crystal. "Hyaline spaces." Carpenter.

Hy"a*line, n. 1. A poetic term for the sea or the atmosphere. "The clear hyaline, the glassy sea." Milton.

Our blood runs amazed 'neath the calm hyaline.

Mrs. Browning.

2. (Biol.) The pellucid substance, present in cells in process of development, from which, according to some embryologists, the cell nucleus originates.

3. (Physiol. Chem.) The main constituent of the walls of hydatid cysts; a nitrogenous body, which, by decomposition, yields a dextrogyrate sugar, susceptible of alcoholic fermentation. Gamgee.

Hy"a*lite (?), n. [Gr. "y`alos glass: cf. F. hyalite.] (Min.) A pellucid variety of opal in globules looking like colorless gum or resin; -- called also M¸ller's glass.

Hy*al"o*graph (?), n. [Gr. "y`alos glass + graph.] An instrument for tracing designs on glass.

Hy`a*log"ra*phy (?), n. Art of writing or engraving on glass.

Hy"a*loid (?), a. [Gr. &?; glassy, transparent; "y`alos glass + &?; appearance: cf. F. hyaloÔde.] (Anat.) Resembling glass; vitriform; transparent; hyaline; as, the hyaloid membrane, a very delicate membrane inclosing the vitreous humor of the eye.

||Hy`a*lo*ne"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "y`alos glass + &?; a thread.] ||(Zoˆl.) A genus of hexactinelline sponges, having a long stem ||composed of very long, slender, transparent, siliceous fibres twisted ||together like the strands of a color. The stem of the Japanese ||species (H. Sieboldii), called glass-rope, has long been in use as an ||ornament. See Glass-rope.

Hy*al"o*phane (?), n. [Gr. "y`alos glass + &?; to appear.] (Min.) A species of the feldspar group containing barium. See Feldspar.

||Hy`a*lo*spon"gi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "y`alos glass + &?; a ||sponge.] (Zoˆl.) An order of vitreous sponges, having glassy ||six-rayed, siliceous spicules; -- called also HexactinellinÊ.

Hy*al"o*type (?), n. [Gr. "y`alos glass + -type.] A photographic picture copied from the negative on glass; a photographic transparency. R. Hunt.

{ Hy*ber"na*cle (?), Hy"ber*nate (?), Hy`ber*na"tion (?). } See Hibernacle, Hibernate, Hibernation.

Hy*blÊ"an (?), a. [L. Hyblaeus.] Pertaining to Hybla, an ancient town of Sicily, famous for its bees.

Hyb"o*dont (?), a. [Gr. &?; hump + &?;, &?;, a tooth.] (Paleon.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, an extinct genus of sharks (Hybodus), especially in the form of the teeth, which consist of a principal median cone with smaller lateral ones.

||Hyb"o*dus (?), n. [NL. See Hybodont.] (Paleon.) An extinct genus of ||sharks having conical, compressed teeth.

Hy"brid (?), n. [L. hybrida, hibrida, prob. allied to Gr. &?; wantonness (as if unbridled, lawless, unnatural), perh. akin to Gr. "ype`r over, E. over: cf. F. hybride.] (Biol.) The offspring of the union of two distinct species; an animal or plant produced from the mixture of two species. See Mongrel.

Hy"brid, a. Produced from the mixture of two species; as, plants of hybrid nature.

Hy"brid*ism (?), n. The state or quality of being hybrid.

Hy"brid*ist, n. One who hybridizes.

Hy*brid"i*ty (?), n. Hybridism.

Hy"brid*i`za*ble (?), a. Capable of forming a hybrid, or of being subjected to a hybridizing process; capable of producing a hybrid by union with another species or stock.

Hybridizable genera are rarer than is generally supposed, even in gardens where they are so often operated upon, under circumstances most favorable to the production of hybrids.

J. D. Hooker.

Hy`brid*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of hybridizing, or the state of being hybridized.

Hy"brid*i`ze (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hybridized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hybridizing (?).] To render hybrid; to produce by mixture of stocks.

Hy"brid*i`zer (?), n. One who hybridizes.

Hy"brid*ous (?), a. Same as Hybrid.

Hyd"age (?), n. (Law) A land tax. See Hidage.

Hy`dan*to"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, hydantoin. See Glycoluric.

Hy*dan"to*in (?), n. [Hydrogen + allantion.] (Chem.) A derivative of urea, C3H4N2O2, obtained from allantion, as a white, crystalline substance, with a sweetish taste; -- called also glycolyl urea.

Hy"da*tid (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a watery vesicle under the upper eyelid, fr. "y`dwr, "y`datos, water: cf. F. hydatide.] (Zoˆl.) A membranous sac or bladder filled with a pellucid fluid, found in various parts of the bodies of animals, but unconnected with the tissues. It is usually formed by parasitic worms, esp. by larval tapeworms, as Echinococcus and Cúnurus. See these words in the Vocabulary.

Hydatid of Morgagni (Anat.), one of the small pedunculated bodies found between the testicle and the head of the epididymis, and supposed to be a remnant of the M¸llerian duct.

Hy*dat"i*form (?), a. [Hydatid + -form.] Resembling a hydatid.

Hy"da*toid (?), a. [Gr. "y`dwr, "y`datos, water + -oid.] (Anat.) Resembling water; watery; aqueous; hyaloid.

Hy"dr- (?). See under Hydro-.

Hy"dra (?), n.; pl. E. Hydras (#), L. HydrÊ (#). [L. hydra, Gr. "y`dra; akin to "y`dwr water. See Otter the animal, Water.] 1. (Class. Myth.) A serpent or monster in the lake or marsh of Lerna, in the Peloponnesus, represented as having many heads, one of which, when cut off, was immediately succeeded by two others, unless the wound was cauterized. It was slain by Hercules. Hence, a terrible monster.

Gorgons, and Hydras, and Chimeras dire.

Milton.

2. Hence: A multifarious evil, or an evil having many sources; not to be overcome by a single effort.

3. (Zoˆl.) Any small fresh-water hydroid of the genus Hydra, usually found attached to sticks, stones, etc., by a basal sucker.

The body is a simple tube, having a mouth at one extremity, surrounded by a circle of tentacles with which it captures its prey. Young hydras bud out from the sides of the older ones, but soon become detached and are then like their parent. Hydras are remarkable for their power of repairing injuries; for if the body be divided in pieces, each piece will grow into a complete hydra, to which fact the name alludes. The zooids or hydranths of marine hydroids are sometimes called hydras.

4. (Astron.) A southern constellation of great length lying southerly from Cancer, Leo, and Virgo.

Hy*drach"nid (?), n. [Hydr- + arachnid.] (Zoˆl.) An aquatic mite of the genus Hydrachna. The hydrachnids, while young, are parasitic on fresh-water mussels.

Hy*drac"id (?), n. [Hydr- + acid: cf. F. hydracide.] (Chem.) An acid containing hydrogen; -- sometimes applied to distinguish acids like hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, and the like, which contain no oxygen, from the oxygen acids or oxacids. See Acid.

Hy`dra*cryl"ic (?), a. [Hydr- + acrylic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an isomeric variety of lactic acid that breaks down into acrylic acid and water.

Hy`drac*tin"i*an (?), n. [See Hydra, and Actinia.] (Zoˆl.) Any species or marine hydroids, of the genus Hydractinia and allied genera. These hydroids form, by their rootstalks, a firm, chitinous coating on shells and stones, and esp. on spiral shells occupied by hermit crabs. See Illust. of Athecata.

<! p. 716 !>

||Hy*drÊ"mi*a (h*dr"m*), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + a"i^ma blood.] ||(Med.) An abnormally watery state of the blood; anÊmia.

Hy"dra*gogue (?), a. [L. hydragogus conveying off water, Gr. &?;; "y`dwr water + &?; to lead: cf. F. hydragogue.] (Med.) Causing a discharge of water; expelling serum effused into any part of the body, as in dropsy. -- n. A hydragogue medicine, usually a cathartic or diuretic.

Hy*dram"ide (?), n. [Hydr- + -amide.] (Chem.) One of a group of crystalline bodies produced by the action of ammonia on certain aldehydes.

Hy*dram"ine (?), n. [Hydroxyl + amine.] (Chem.) One of a series of artificial, organic bases, usually produced as thick viscous liquids by the action of ammonia on ethylene oxide. They have the properties both of alcohol and amines.

Hy*dran"ge*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + &?; vessel, capsule: cf. F. hydrangÈe.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubby plants bearing opposite leaves and large heads of showy flowers, white, or of various colors. H. hortensis, the common garden species, is a native of China or Japan.

Hy"drant (?), n. [Gr. &?; to irrigate, fr. "y`dwr water. See Hydra.] A discharge pipe with a valve and spout at which water may be drawn from the mains of waterworks; a water plug.

Hy"dranth (?), n. [Hydra + Gr. &?; a flower.] (Zoˆl.) One of the nutritive zooids of a hydroid colony. Also applied to the proboscis or manubrium of a hydroid medusa. See Illust. of Hydroidea.

Hy*drar"go*chlo"ride (?), n. [Hydrargyrum + chloride.] (Chem.) A compound of the bichloride of mercury with another chloride. [Obs.]

Hy*drar"gy*rate (?), a. Of or pertaining to mercury; containing, or impregnated with, mercury. [R.]

Hy*drar"gy*rism (?), n. (Med.) A diseased condition produced by poisoning with hydrargyrum, or mercury; mercurialism.

Hy*drar"gy*rum (-rm), n. [NL., fr. L. hydrargyrus, Gr. "ydra`rgyros; "y`dwr water + 'a`rgyros silver.] (Chem.) Quicksilver; mercury.

||Hy`drar*thro"sis (?), n. [NL. See Hydro-, 1, and Arthrosis.] (Med.) ||An effusion of watery liquid into the cavity of a joint.

Hy*dras"tine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid, found in the rootstock of the golden seal (Hydrastis Canadensis), and extracted as a bitter, white, crystalline substance. It is used as a tonic and febrifuge.

Hy"dra-taint`ed (?), a. Dipped in the gall of the fabulous hydra; poisonous; deadly. Cowper.

Hy"drate (?), n. [Gr. "y`dwr water: cf. F. hydrate.] (Chem.) (a) A compound formed by the union of water with some other substance, generally forming a neutral body, as certain crystallized salts. (b) A substance which does not contain water as such, but has its constituents (hydrogen, oxygen, hydroxyl) so arranged that water may be eliminated; hence, a derivative of, or compound with, hydroxyl; hydroxide; as, ethyl hydrate, or common alcohol; calcium hydrate, or slaked lime.

Hy"drate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hydrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hydrating (?).] To form into a hydrate; to combine with water.

Hy"dra*ted (?), a. Formed into a hydrate; combined with water.

Hy*dra"tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act of becoming, or state of being, a hydrate.

Water of hydration (Chem.), water chemically combined with some substance to form a hydrate; -- distinguished from water of crystallization.

Hy*drau"lic (?), a. [F. hydraulique, L. hydraulicus, fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a water organ; "y`dwr water + &?; flute, pipe. See Hydra.] Of or pertaining to hydraulics, or to fluids in motion; conveying, or acting by, water; as, an hydraulic clock, crane, or dock.

Hydraulic accumulator, an accumulator for hydraulic machinery of any kind. See Accumulator, 2. -- Hydraulic brake, a cataract. See Cataract, 3. -- Hydraulic cement, a cement or mortar made of hydraulic lime, which will harden under water. -- Hydraulic elevator, a lift operated by the weight or pressure of water. -- Hydraulic jack. See under Jack. -- Hydraulic lime, quicklime obtained from hydraulic limestone, and used for cementing under water, etc. -- Hydraulic limestone, a limestone which contains some clay, and which yields a quicklime that will set, or form a firm, strong mass, under water. -- Hydraulic main (Gas Works), a horizontal pipe containing water at the bottom into which the ends of the pipes from the retorts dip, for passing the gas through water in order to remove ammonia. -- Hydraulic mining, a system of mining in which the force of a jet of water is used to wash down a bank of gold-bearing gravel or earth. [Pacific Coast] -- Hydraulic press, a hydrostatic press. See under Hydrostatic. -- Hydraulic propeller, a device for propelling ships by means of a stream of water ejected under water rearward from the ship. -- Hydraulic ram, a machine for raising water by means of the energy of the moving water of which a portion is to be raised. When the rush of water through the main pipe d shuts the valve at a, the momentum of the current thus suddenly checked forces part of it into the air chamber b, and up the pipe c, its return being prevented by a valve at the entrance to the air chamber, while the dropping of the valve a by its own weight allows another rush through the main pipe, and so on alternately. -- Hydraulic valve. (Mach.) (a) A valve for regulating the distribution of water in the cylinders of hydraulic elevators, cranes, etc. (b) (Gas Works) An inverted cup with a partition dipping into water, for opening or closing communication between two gas mains, the open ends of which protrude about the water.

Hy*drau"lic*al (?), a. Hydraulic.

Hy*drau"li*con (?), n. [NL. See Hydraulic.] (Mus.) An ancient musical instrument played by the action of water; a water organ. [Written also hydraulis.]

Hy*drau"lics (?), n. [Cf. F. hydraulique.] That branch of science, or of engineering, which treats of fluids in motion, especially of water, its action in rivers and canals, the works and machinery for conducting or raising it, its use as a prime mover, and the like.

As a science, hydraulics includes hydrodynamics, or the principles of mechanics applicable to the motion of water; as a branch of engineering, it consists in the practical application of the mechanics of fluids to the control and management of water with reference to the wants of man, including canals, waterworks, hydraulic machines, pumps, water wheels, etc. Some writers treat hydraulics and hydrostatics as subdivisions of hydrodynamics.

Hy"dra*zine (?), n. [Hydr- + azo- + -ine.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of nitrogenous bases, resembling the amines and produced by the reduction of certain nitroso and diazo compounds; as, methyl hydrazine, phenyl hydrazine, etc. They are derivatives of hydrazine proper, H2N.NH2, which is a doubled amido group, recently (1887) isolated as a stable, colorless gas, with a peculiar, irritating odor. As a base it forms distinct salts. Called also diamide, amidogen, (or more properly diamidogen), etc.

Hy"dren*ceph"s*loid (?), a. [Hydrencephalus + -oid.] (Med.) Same as Hydrocephaloid.

||Hy"dri*a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Gr. Antiq.) A water jar; esp., ||one with a large rounded body, a small neck, and three handles. Some ||of the most beautiful Greek vases are of this form.

Hy"dri*ad (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, of the water, fr. "y`dwr water.] (Myth.) A water nymph.

Hy"dric (?), a. [From Hydrogen.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, hydrogen; as, hydric oxide.

Hydric dioxide. (Chem.) See Hydrogen dioxide, under Hydrogen. -- Hydric oxide (Chem.), water. -- Hydric sulphate (Chem.), hydrogen sulphate or sulphuric acid.

Hy"dride (?), n. [Hydr- + ide.] (Chem.) A compound of the binary type, in which hydrogen is united with some other element.

Hy"dri*form (?), a. [Hydra + -form.] (Zoˆl.) Having the form or structure of a hydra.

||Hy*dri"na (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hydra.] (Zoˆl.) The group of hydroids ||to which the fresh-water hydras belong.

Hy*dri"o*date (?), n. [Cf. F. hydriodate.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Hydriodide.

Hy`dri*od"ic (?), a. [Hydr- + iodic: cf. F. hydriodique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, hydrogen and iodine; -- said of an acid produced by the combination of these elements.

Hydriodic acid (Chem.), a pungent, colorless gas, HI, usually prepared as a solution in water. It is strong reducing agent. Called also hydrogen iodide.

Hy*dri"o*dide (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of hydriodic acid with a base; -- distinguished from an iodide, in which only the iodine combines with the base.

{ Hy"dro- (?), Hy"dr-. } 1. A combining form from Gr. &?;, &?;, water (see Hydra).

2. (Chem.) A combining form of hydrogen, indicating hydrogen as an ingredient, as hydrochloric; or a reduction product obtained by hydrogen, as hydroquinone.

Hy`dro*ba*rom"e*ter (?), n. [Hydro- , 1 + barometer.] An instrument for determining the depth of the sea water by its pressure.

Hy`dro*bil`i*ru"bin (?), n. [Hydro- , 2 + bilirubin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A body formed from bilirubin, identical with urobilin.

||Hy`dro*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + &?; ||gills.] (Zoˆl.) An extensive artificial division of gastropod ||mollusks, including those that breathe by gills, as contrasted with ||the Pulmonifera. -- Hy`dro*bran"chi*ate (#), a.

Hy`dro*bro"mate (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Hydrobromide.

Hy`dro*bro"mic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + bromic.] (Chem.) Composed of hydrogen and bromine; as, hydrobromic acid.

Hydrobromic acid (Chem.), a colorless, pungent, corrosive gas, HBr, usually collected as a solution in water. It resembles hydrochloric acid, but is weaker and less stable. Called also hydrogen bromide.

Hy`dro*bro"mide (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of hydrobromic acid with a base; -- distinguished from a bromide, in which only the bromine unites with the base.

Hy`dro*car"bon (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + carbon.] (Chem.) A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon, as methane, benzene, etc.; also, by extension, any of their derivatives.

Hydrocarbon burner, furnace, stove, a burner, furnace, or stove with which liquid fuel, as petroleum, is used.

Hy`dro*car`bo*na"ceous (?), a. Of the nature, or containing, hydrocarbons.

Hy`dro*car"bon*ate (?), n. (a) (Old Chem.) A hydrocarbon. [Obs.] (b) (Chem.) A hydrous carbonate, as malachite.

Hy`dro*car`bo*sty"ril (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + carbostyril.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline, nitrogenous hydrocarbon, C9H9NO, obtained from certain derivatives of cinnamic acid and closely related to quinoline and carbostyril.

Hy`dro*car"bu*ret (?), n. [Hydro- , 2 + carburet.] (Chem.) Carbureted hydrogen; also, a hydrocarbon. [Obs.]

Hy`dro*cau"lus (?), n.; pl. Hydrocauli (#). [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + &?; a stalk.] (Zoˆl.) The hollow stem of a hydroid, either simple or branched. See Illust. of Gymnoblastea and Hydroidea.

Hy`dro*cele (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; "y`dwr water + &?; tumor.] (Med.) A collection of serous fluid in the areolar texture of the scrotum or in the coverings, especially in the serous sac, investing the testicle or the spermatic cord; dropsy of the testicle.

Hy`dro*ce*phal"ic (?), a. Relating to, or connected with, hydrocephalus, or dropsy of the brain.

Hy`dro*ceph"a*loid (?), a. [Hydrocephalus + -oid.] (Med.) Resembling hydrocephalus.

Hydrocephaloid affection (Med.), the group of symptoms which follow exhausting diarrhea in young children, resembling those of acute hydrocephalus, or tubercular meningitis.

Hy`dro*ceph"a*lous (?), a. Having hydrocephalus. "Hydrocephalous offspring." G. Eliot.

Hy`dro*ceph"a*lus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; hydrocephalus; "y`dwr water + &?; head.] (Med.) An accumulation of liquid within the cavity of the cranium, especially within the ventricles of the brain; dropsy of the brain. It is due usually to tubercular meningitis. When it occurs in infancy, it often enlarges the head enormously.

Hy`dro*chlo"rate (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Hydrochloride.

Hy`dro*chlo"ric (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + chloric: cf. F. hydrochlorique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or compounded of, chlorine and hydrogen gas; as, hydrochloric acid; chlorhydric.

Hydrochloric acid (Chem.), hydrogen chloride; a colorless, corrosive gas, HCl, of pungent, suffocating odor. It is made in great quantities in the soda process, by the action of sulphuric acid on common salt. It has a great affinity for water, and the commercial article is a strong solution of the gas in water. It is a typical acid, and is an indispensable agent in commercial and general chemical work. Called also muriatic, &and; chlorhydric, acid.

Hy`dro*chlo"ride (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of hydrochloric acid with a base; -- distinguished from a chloride, where only chlorine unites with the base.

||Hy`dro*co*ral"li*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hydra, and Coral.] (Zoˆl.) A ||division of Hydroidea, including those genera that secrete a stony ||coral, as Millepora and Stylaster. Two forms of zooids in life ||project from small pores in the coral and resemble those of other ||hydroids. See Millepora.

Hy`dro*cy"a*nate (?), n. (Chem.) See Hydrocyanide.

Hy`dro*cy*an"ic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + anic: cf. F. hydrocyanique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from the combination of, hydrogen and cyanogen.

Hydrocyanic acid (Chem.), a colorless, mobile, volatile liquid, HCN, having a characteristic peach-blossom odor. It is one of the most deadly poisons. It is made by the action of sulphuric acid on yellow prussiate of potassium (potassium ferrocyanide), and chemically resembles hydrochloric and hydrobromic acids. Called also prussic acid, hydrogen cyanide, etc.

Hy`dro*cy"a*nide (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of hydrocyanic acid with a base; -- distinguished from a cyanide, in which only the cyanogen so combines.

{ Hy`dro*dy*nam"ic (?), Hy`dro*dy*nam"ic*al (?), } a. [Hydro-, 1 + dynamic, - ical: cf. F. hydrodynamique.] Pertaining to, or derived from, the dynamical action of water of a liquid; of or pertaining to water power.

Hydrodynamic friction, friction produced by the viscosity of a liquid in motion.

Hy`dro*dy*nam"ics (?), n. [Hydro- , 1 + dynamics: cf. F. hydrodynamique.] That branch of the science of mechanics which relates to fluids, or, as usually limited, which treats of the laws of motion and action of nonelastic fluids, whether as investigated mathematically, or by observation and experiment; the principles of dynamics, as applied to water and other fluids.

The word is sometimes used as a general term, including both hydrostatics and hydraulics, together with pneumatics and acoustics. See Hydraulics.

Hy`dro*dy`na*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + dynamometer.] An instrument to measure the velocity of a liquid current by the force of its impact.

Hy`dro-e*lec"tric (?), a. [Hydro- , 1 + electric.] Pertaining to, employed in, or produced by, the evolution of electricity by means of a battery in which water or steam is used.

Hydro-electric machine (Physics), an apparatus invented by Sir William Armstrong of England for generating electricity by the escape of high-pressure steam from a series of jets connected with a strong boiler, in which the steam is produced.

Hy`dro-ex*tract"or (?), n. [Hydro- , 1 + extractor.] An apparatus for drying anything, as yarn, cloth, sugar, etc., by centrifugal force; a centrifugal.

Hy`dro*fer`ri*cy*an"ic (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + ferricyanic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, or obtained from, hydrogen, ferric iron, and cyanogen; as, hydroferricyanic acid. See Ferricyanic.

Hy`dro*fer`ro*cy*an"ic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + ferrocyanic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, or obtained from, hydrogen, ferrous iron, and cyanogen; as, hydroferrocyanic acid. See Ferrocyanic.

Hy`dro*flu"ate (?), n. (Chem.) A supposed compound of hydrofluoris acid and a base; a fluoride. [Archaic]

Hy`dro*flu*or"ic (?), a. [Hydro- , 2 + fluoric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, hydrogen and fluorine; fluohydric; as, hydrofluoric acid.

Hydrofluoric acid (Chem.), a colorless, mobile, volatile liquid, HF, very corrosive in its action, and having a strong, pungent, suffocating odor. It is produced by the action of sulphuric acid on fluorite, and is usually collected as a solution in water. It attacks all silicates, as glass or porcelain, is the agent employed in etching glass, and is preserved only in vessels of platinum, lead, caoutchouc, or gutta-percha.

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Hy`dro*flu`o*sil"i*cate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of hydrofluosilic acid; a silicofluoride. See Silicofluoride.

Hy`dro*flu`o*si*lic"ic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + fluorine + silicic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or denoting, a compound consisting of a double fluoride of hydrogen and silicon; silicofluoric. See Silicofluoric.

Hy`dro*gal*van"ic (?), a. [Hydro- , 1 + galvanic.] Pertaining to, produced by, or consisting of, electricity evolved by the action or use of fluids; as, hydrogalvanic currents. [R.]

Hy"dro*gen (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -gen: cf. F. hydrogËne. So called because water is generated by its combustion. See Hydra.] (Chem.) A gaseous element, colorless, tasteless, and odorless, the lightest known substance, being fourteen and a half times lighter than air (hence its use in filling balloons), and over eleven thousand times lighter than water. It is very abundant, being an ingredient of water and of many other substances, especially those of animal or vegetable origin. It may by produced in many ways, but is chiefly obtained by the action of acids (as sulphuric) on metals, as zinc, iron, etc. It is very inflammable, and is an ingredient of coal gas and water gas. It is standard of chemical equivalents or combining weights, and also of valence, being the typical monad. Symbol H. Atomic weight 1.

Although a gas, hydrogen is chemically similar to the metals in its nature, having the properties of a weak base. It is, in all acids, the base which is replaced by metals and basic radicals to form salts. Like all other gases, it is condensed by great cold and pressure to a liquid which freezes and solidifies by its own evaporation. It is absorbed in large quantities by certain metals (esp. palladium), forming alloy-like compounds; hence, in view of quasi-metallic nature, it is sometimes called hydrogenium. It is the typical reducing agent, as opposed to oxidizers, as oxygen, chlorine, etc.

Bicarbureted hydrogen, an old name for ethylene. -- Carbureted hydrogen gas. See under Carbureted. -- Hydrogen dioxide, a thick, colorless liquid, H2O2, resembling water, but having a bitter, sour taste, produced by the action of acids on barium peroxide. It decomposes into water and oxygen, and is manufactured in large quantities for an oxidizing and bleaching agent. Called also oxygenated water. -- Hydrogen oxide, a chemical name for water, H&?;O. -- Hydrogen sulphide, a colorless inflammable gas, H2S, having the characteristic odor of bad eggs, and found in many mineral springs. It is produced by the action of acids on metallic sulphides, and is an important chemical reagent. Called also sulphureted hydrogen.

Hy"dro*gen*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hydrogenated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hydrogenating (?).] (Chem.) To hydrogenize.

Hy`dro*gen*a"tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act of combining with hydrogen, or the state of being so combined.

Hy"dro*gen*ide (?), n. (Chem.) A binary compound containing hydrogen; a hydride. [R.] See Hydride.

Hy`dro*ge"ni*um (?), n. [NL. See Hydrogen.] (Chem.) Hydrogen; -- called also in view of its supposed metallic nature. Graham.

Hy"dro*gen*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hydrogenized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hydrogenizing (?).] (Chem.) To combine with hydrogen; to treat with, or subject to the action of, hydrogen; to reduce; -- contrasted with oxidize.

Hy*drog"e*nous (?), a. Of or pertaining to hydrogen; containing hydrogen.

Hy*drog"no*sy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. &?; knowledge.] A treatise upon, or a history and description of, the water of the earth.

Hy"drog*ode (?), n. [Hydrogen + Gr. &?; way. path.] (Elec.) The negative pole or cathode. [R.]

Hy*drog"ra*pher (?), n. One skilled in the hydrography; one who surveys, or draws maps or charts of, the sea, lakes, or other waters, with the adjacent shores; one who describes the sea or other waters. Boyle.

{ Hy`dro*graph"ic (?), Hy`dro*graph"ic*al (?), } a. Of or relating to hydrography.

Hy*drog"ra*phy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -graphy: cf. F. hydrographie.] 1. The art of measuring and describing the sea, lakes, rivers, and other waters, with their phenomena.

2. That branch of surveying which embraces the determination of the contour of the bottom of a harbor or other sheet of water, the depth of soundings, the position of channels and shoals, with the construction of charts exhibiting these particulars.

Hy*drog"u*ret (?), n. [From Hydrogen.] (Chem.) A hydride. [Obs.]

Hy"droid (?), a. [Hydra + - oid.] (Zoˆl.) Related to, or resembling, the hydra; of or pertaining to the Hydroidea. -- n. One of the Hydroideas.

||Hy*droi"de*a, n. pl. [NL. See Hydra, and -oid.] (Zoˆl.) An extensive ||order of Hydrozoa or AcalephÊ. [Written also Hydroida.]

This order includes the hydras and the free-swimming hydromedusÊ, together with a great variety of marine attached hydroids, many of which grow up into large, elegantly branched forms, consisting of a vast number of zooids (hydranths, gonophores, etc.), united by hollow stems. All the zooids of a colony are produced from one primary zooid, by successive buddings. The Siphonophora have also been included in this order by some writers. See Gymnoblastea, Hydromedusa, Gonosome, Gonotheca.

Hy`dro*ki*net"ic (?), a. [Hydro- , 1 + kinetic.] Of or pertaining to the motions of fluids, or the forces which produce or affect such motions; -- opposed to hydrostatic. Sir W. Thomson.

Hy`dro*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to hydrology.

Hy*drol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in hydrology.

Hy*drol"o*gy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -logy: cf. F. hydrologie.] The science of water, its properties, phenomena, and distribution over the earth's surface.

Hy`dro*lyt"ic (?), a. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. &?; to loose.] (Chem.) Tending to remove or separate water; eliminating water.

Hydrolytic agents, such as sulphuric acid or caustic alkali.

Encyc. Brit.

Hydrolytic ferment (Physiol. Chem.), a ferment, enzyme, or chemical ferment, which acts only in the presence of water, and which causes the substance acted upon to take up a molecule of water. Thus, diastase of malt, ptyalin of saliva, and boiling dilute sulphuric acid all convert starch by hydration into dextrin and sugar. Nearly all of the digestive ferments are hydrolytic in their action.

Hy`dro*mag"ne*site (h`dr*mg"n*st), n. [Hydro-, 1 + magnesite.] (Min.) A hydrous carbonate of magnesia occurring in white, earthy, amorphous masses.

Hy"dro*man`cy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -mancy: cf. F. hydromancie.] Divination by means of water, -- practiced by the ancients.

Hy`dro*man"tic (?), a. [Cf. F. hydromantique.] Of or pertaining to divination by water.

Hy`dro*me*chan"ics (?), n. [Hydro- , 1 + mechanics.] That branch of physics which treats of the mechanics of liquids, or of their laws of equilibrium and of motion.

||Hy`dro*me*du"sa (?), n.; pl. HydromedusÊ (#). [NL. See Hydra, and ||Medusa.] (Zoˆl.) Any medusa or jellyfish which is produced by budding ||from a hydroid. They are called also Craspedota, and naked-eyed ||medusÊ.

Such medusÊ are the reproductive zooids or gonophores, either male or female, of the hydroid from which they arise, whether they become free or remain attached to the hydroid colony. They in turn produce the eggs from which the hydroids are developed. The name is also applied to other similar medusÊ which are not known to bud from a hydroid colony, and even to some which are known to develop directly from the eggs, but which in structure agree essentially with those produced from hydroids. See Hydroidea, and Gymnoblastea.

Hy"dro*mel (?), n. [L. hydromel, hydromeli, Gr. &?;; &?; water + &?; honey: cf. F. hydromel.] A liquor consisting of honey diluted in water, and after fermentation called mead.

Hy`dro*mel*lon"ic (?), a. See Cyamellone.

Hy`dro*met`al*lur"gic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to hydrometallurgy; involving the use of liquid reagents in the treatment or reduction of ores. -- Hy`dro*met`al*lur"gic*al*ly, adv.

Hy`dro*met"al*lur`gy (?), n. [Hydro- , 1 + metallurgy.] The art or process of assaying or reducing ores by means of liquid reagents.

Hy`dro*me"te*or (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + meteor.] A meteor or atmospheric phenomenon dependent upon the vapor of water; -- in the pl., a general term for the whole aqueous phenomena of the atmosphere, as rain, snow, hail, etc. Nichol.

Hy`dro*me`te*or`o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to hydrometeorology, or to rain, clouds, storms, etc.

Hy`dro*me`te*or*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + meteorology.] That branch of meteorology which relates to, or treats of, water in the atmosphere, or its phenomena, as rain, clouds, snow, hail, storms, etc.

Hy*drom"e*ter (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -meter: cf. F. hydromËtre.] 1. (Physics) An instrument for determining the specific gravities of liquids, and thence the strength spirituous liquors, saline solutions, etc.

It is usually made of glass with a graduated stem, and indicates the specific gravity of a liquid by the depth to which it sinks in it, the zero of the scale marking the depth to which it sinks in pure water. Extra weights are sometimes used to adapt the scale to liquids of different densities.

2. An instrument, variously constructed, used for measuring the velocity or discharge of water, as in rivers, from reservoirs, etc., and called by various specific names according to its construction or use, as tachometer, rheometer, hydrometer, pendulum, etc.; a current gauge.

{ Hy`dro*met"ric (?), Hy`dro*met"ric*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. hydromËtrique.] 1. Of or pertaining to an hydrometer, or to the determination of the specific gravity of fluids.

2. Of or pertaining to measurement of the velocity, discharge, etc., of running water.

3. Made by means of an hydrometer; as, hydrometric observations.

Hydrometric pendulum, a species of hydrometer consisting of a hollow ball of ivory or metal suspended by a treated from the center of a graduated quadrant, and held in a stream to measure the velocity of the water by the inclination given to the thread; a kind of current gauge.

Hy`dro*met"ro*graph (?), n. [Hydro- , 1 + Gr. &?; measure + -graph.] An instrument for determining and recording the quantity of water discharged from a pipe, orifice, etc., in a given time.

Hy*drom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. hydromËtrique.] 1. The art of determining the specific gravity of liquids, and thence the strength of spirituous liquors, saline solutions, etc.

2. The art or operation of measuring the velocity or discharge of running water, as in rivers, etc.

Hy`dro*mi"ca (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + mica.] (Min.) A variety of potash mica containing water. It is less elastic than ordinary muscovite.

Hydromica schist (Min.), a mica schist characterized by the presence of hydromica. It often has a silky luster and almost soapy feel.

||Hy`dro*ne*phro"sis (?), n. [NL., Gr. "y`dwr water + &?; a kidney.] ||(Med.) An accumulation of urine in the pelvis of the kidney, ||occasioned by obstruction in the urinary passages.

Hy"dro*path (?), n. [Cf. F. hydropathe.] A hydropathist.

{ Hy`dro*path"ic (?), Hy`dro*path"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to hydropathy.

Hy*drop"a*thist (?), n. One who practices hydropathy; a water-cure doctor.

Hy*drop"a*thy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. &?;, &?;, to suffer.] The water cure; a mode of treating diseases by the copious and frequent use of pure water, both internally and externally.

||Hy`dro*per`i*to*ne"um (?), n. [NL. See Hydro-, and Peritoneum.] ||(Med.) Same as Ascites.

Hy"dro*phane (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. &?; to show, appear: cf. F. hydrophane.] (Min.) A semitranslucent variety of opal that becomes translucent or transparent on immersion in water.

Hy*droph"a*nous (?), a. (Min.) Made transparent by immersion in water.

Hy"dro*phid (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. &?; a small serpent.] (Zoˆl.) Any sea snake of the genus Hydrophys and allied genera. These snakes are venomous, live upon fishes, and have a flattened tail for swimming.

Hy`dro*phlo"rone (?), n. [Hydro- , 2 + phlorone.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline benzene derivative, C8H10O2, obtained by the reduction of phlorone.

Hy`dro*pho"bi*a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; "y`dwr water + &?; fear: cf. F. hydrophobie.] (Med.) (a) An abnormal dread of water, said to be a symptom of canine madness; hence: (b) The disease caused by a bite form, or inoculation with the saliva of, a rabid creature, of which the chief symptoms are, a sense of dryness and construction in the throat, causing difficulty in deglutition, and a marked heightening of reflex excitability, producing convulsions whenever the patient attempts to swallow, or is disturbed in any way, as by the sight or sound of water; rabies; canine madness. [Written also hydrophoby.]

Hy`dro*phob"ic (?), a. [L. hydrophobicus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. hydrophobique.] Of or pertaining to hydrophobia; producing or caused by rabies; as, hydrophobic symptoms; the hydrophobic poison.

Hy"dro*pho`by (?), n. See Hydrophobia.

||Hy*droph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. &?; to bear.] ||(Zoˆl.) The Hydroidea.

Hy"dro*phore (?), n. [Gr. "y`dwr water + &?; to bear.] An instrument used for the purpose of obtaining specimens of water from any desired depth, as in a river, a lake, or the ocean.

||Hy`dro*phyl"li*um (?), n.; pl. L. Hydrophyllia (#), E. Hydrophylliums ||(#). [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + &?; a leaf.] (Zoˆl.) One of the ||flat, leaflike, protective zooids, covering other zooids of certain ||Siphonophora.

Hy"dro*phyte (?), n. [Gr. &?; + &?; plant: cf. F. hydrophyte.] An aquatic plant; an alga.

Hy*droph`y*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Hydro- + phyte + -logy.] The branch of botany which treats of water plants.

{ Hy*drop"ic (?), Hy*drop"ic*al (?), } a. [L. hydropicus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. hydropique. See Dropsy.] Dropsical, or resembling dropsy.

Every lust is a kind of hydropic distemper, and the more we drink the more we shall thirst.

Tillotson.

Hy*drop"ic*al*ly, adv. In a hydropical manner.

||Hy"dro*pi`per (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + L. piper a ||pepper.] (Bot.) A species (Polygonum Hydropiper) of knotweed with ||acrid foliage; water pepper; smartweed.

Hy`dro*pneu*mat"ic (?), a. [Hydro- , 1 + pneumatic: cf. F. hydropneumatique.] Pertaining to, or depending upon, both liquid and gaseous substances; as, hydropneumatic apparatus for collecting gases over water or other liquids.

Hy"drop`sy (?), n. Same as Dropsy.

Hy"dro*pult (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. &?; to hurl.] A machine for throwing water by hand power, as a garden engine, a fire extinguisher, etc.

Hy`dro*qui"none (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + quinone.] (Chem.) A white crystalline substance, C6H4(OH)2, obtained by the reduction of quinone. It is a diacid phenol, resembling, and metameric with, pyrocatechin and resorcin. Called also dihydroxy benzene.

||Hy`dro*rhi"za (?), n.; pl. L. HydrorhizÊ (#), E. Hydrorhizas (#). ||[NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. &?; a root.] (Zoˆl.) The rootstock or ||decumbent stem by which a hydroid is attached to other objects. See ||Illust. under Hydroidea.

Hy"dro*salt` (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + salt.] (Chem.) (a) A salt supposed to be formed by a hydracid and a base. (b) An acid salt. [R.] (c) A hydrous salt; a salt combined with water of hydration or crystallization.

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Hy"dro*scope (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -scope.] 1. An instrument designed to mark the presence of water, especially in air. Weale.

2. A kind of water clock, used anciently for measuring time, the water tricking from an orifice at the end of a graduated tube.

{ Hy"dro*some (?), ||Hy`dro*so"ma (?) }, n. [NL. hydrosoma. See Hydra, and -some body.] (Zoˆl.) All the zooids of a hydroid colony collectively, including the nutritive and reproductive zooids, and often other kinds.

Hy`dro*sor"bic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + sorbic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from sorbic acid when this takes up hydrogen; as, hydrosorbic acid.

Hy"dro*stat (?), n. A contrivance or apparatus to prevent the explosion of steam boilers.

{ Hy`dro*stat"ic (?), Hy`dro*stat"ic*al (?), } a. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. &?; causing to stand: cf. F. hydrostatique. See Static.] Of or relating to hydrostatics; pertaining to, or in accordance with, the principles of the equilibrium of fluids.

The first discovery made in hydrostatics since the time of Archimedes is due to Stevinus.

Hallam.

Hydrostatic balance, a balance for weighing substances in water, for the purpose of ascertaining their specific gravities. -- Hydrostatic bed, a water bed. -- Hydrostatic bellows, an apparatus consisting of a water-tight bellowslike case with a long, upright tube, into which water may be poured to illustrate the hydrostatic paradox. -- Hydrostatic paradox, the proposition in hydrostatics that any quantity of water, however small, may be made to counterbalance any weight, however great; or the law of the equality of pressure of fluids in all directions. -- Hydrostatic press, a machine in which great force, with slow motion, is communicated to a large plunger by means of water forced into the cylinder in which it moves, by a forcing pump of small diameter, to which the power is applied, the principle involved being the same as in the hydrostatic bellows. Also called hydraulic press, and Bramah press. In the illustration, a is a pump with a small plunger b, which forces the water into the cylinder c, thus driving upward the large plunder d, which performs the reduced work, such as compressing cotton bales, etc.

Hy`dro*stat"ic*al*ly, adv. According to hydrostatics, or to hydrostatic principles. Bentley.

Hy`dro*sta*ti"cian (?), n. One who is versed or skilled in hydrostatics. [R.]

Hy`dro*stat"ics (?), n. [Cf. F. hydrostatique.] (Physics) The branch of science which relates to the pressure and equilibrium of nonelastic fluids, as water, mercury, etc.; the principles of statics applied to water and other liquids.

Hy`dro*sul"phate (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Hydrosulphurent.

Hy`dro*sul"phide (?), n. (Chem.) One of a series of compounds, derived from hydrogen sulphide by the replacement of half its hydrogen by a base or basic radical; as, potassium hydrosulphide, KSH. The hydrosulphides are analogous to the hydrates and include the mercaptans.

Hy`dro*sul"phite (?), n. (Chem.) A saline compound of hydrosulphurous acid and a base. [R.]

Hy`dro*sul"phu*ret (?), n. (Chem.) A hydrosulphide. [Archaic]

Hy`dro*sul"phu*ret`ed (?), a. (Chem.) Combined with hydrogen sulphide.

Hy`dro*sul*phu"ric (?), a. [Hydro- , 2 + sulphuric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, hydrogen and sulphur; as, hydrosulphuric acid, a designation applied to the solution of hydrogen sulphide in water.

Hy`dro*sul"phur*ous (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the reduction of sulphurous acid. See Hyposulphurous acid, under Hyposulphurous.

Hy`dro*tel"lu*rate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt formed by the union of hydrotelluric acid and the base.

Hy`dro*tel*lu"ric (?), a. [Hydro- , 2 + telluric.] (Chem.) Formed by hydrogen and tellurium; as, hydrotelluric acid, or hydrogen telluride.

||Hy`dro*the"ca (?), n.; pl. L. HydrothecÊ (#), E. Hydrothecas (#). ||[NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. &?; a box.] (Zoˆl.) One of the calicles ||which, in some Hydroidea (Thecaphora), protect the hydrants. See ||Illust. of Hydroidea, and Campanularian.

Hy`dro*ther"a*py (?), n. [Hydro- , 1 + therapy.] (Med.) See Hydropathy.

Hy`dro*ther"mal (?), a. [Hydro-, 1 + thermal.] Of or pertaining to hot water; -- used esp. with reference to the action of heated waters in dissolving, redepositing, and otherwise producing mineral changes within the crust of the globe.

Hy`dro*tho"rax (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + thorax.] (Med.) An accumulation of serous fluid in the cavity of the chest.

Hy*drot"ic (?), a. [Gr. "y`dwr water: cf. Gr. &?; moisture, F. hydrotique.] Causing a discharge of water or phlegm. -- n. (Med.) A hydrotic medicine.

Hy*drot"ic*al (?), a. Hydrotic.

Hy"dro*trope (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. &?; to turn, direct.] A device for raising water by the direct action of steam; a pulsometer.

Hy`dro*trop"ic (?), a. [See Hydrotrope.] (Bot.) Turning or bending towards moisture, as roots.

Hy*drot"ro*pism (?), n. (Bot.) A tendency towards moisture.

Hy"drous (?), a. [Gr. "y`dwr water.] 1. Containing water; watery.

2. (Chem.) Containing water of hydration or crystallization.

Hy`dro*xan"thane (?), n. (Chem.) A persulphocyanate. [Obs.]

Hy`dro*xan"thic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + xanthic.] (Chem.) Persulphocyanic.

Hy*drox"ide (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + oxide.] (Chem.) A hydrate; a substance containing hydrogen and oxygen, made by combining water with an oxide, and yielding water by elimination. The hydroxides are regarded as compounds of hydroxyl, united usually with basic element or radical; as, calcium hydroxide ethyl hydroxide.

Hy*drox"y- (?). (Chem.) A combining form, also used adjectively, indicating hydroxyl as an ingredient.

Hydroxy acid (Chem.), an organic acid, having (besides the hydroxyl group of the carboxyl radical) an alcoholic hydroxyl group, and thus having the qualities of an alcohol in addition to its acid properties; as, lactic and tartaric acids are hydroxy acids.

Hy*drox"yl (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.) A compound radical, or unsaturated group, HO, consisting of one atom of hydrogen and one of oxygen. It is a characteristic part of the hydrates, the alcohols, the oxygen acids, etc.

Hy*drox`yl*am"ine (?), n. [Hydroxyl + amine.] (Chem.) A nitrogenous, organic base, NH2.OH, resembling ammonia, and produced by a modified reduction of nitric acid. It is usually obtained as a volatile, unstable solution in water. It acts as a strong reducing agent.

||Hy`dro*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. &?; an animal.] ||(Zoˆl.) The AcalephÊ; one of the classes of cúlenterates, including ||the Hydroidea, Discophora, and Siphonophora.

Hy`dro*zo"al (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Hydrozoa.

||Hy`dro*zo"ˆn (?), n.; pl. L. Hydrozoa (#), E. Hydrozoˆns (#). [NL.] ||(Zoˆl.) One of the Hydrozoa.

Hy"dru*ret (?), n. [Hydro-, 2] (Chem.) A binary compound of hydrogen; a hydride. [Obs.]

||Hy"drus (?), n. [L., a water serpent; also, a certain constellation, ||Gr. "y`dros.] (Astron.) A constellation of the southern hemisphere, ||near the south pole.

Hye (?), n. & v. See Hie. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hy*e"mal (?), a. [L. hyemalis, or better hiemalis, fr. hyems, hiems, winter: cf. F. hyÈmal.] Belonging to winter; done in winter. Sir T. Browne.

Hy"e*mate (?), v. i. [L. hiemare, hiematum. See Hyemal.] To pass the winter. [Obs. & R.]

Hy`e*ma"tion (?), n. [L. hiematio.] 1. The passing of a winter in a particular place; a wintering.

2. The act of affording shelter in winter. [Obs.]

Hy"en (?), n. [F. hyËne.] A hyena. [Obs.] Shak.

Hy*e"na (?), n.; pl. Hyenas (#). [L. hyaena, Gr. &?;, orig., a sow, but usually, a Libyan wild beast, prob., the hyena, fr. &?; hog: cf. F. hyËne. See Sow female hog.] (Zoˆl.) Any carnivorous mammal of the family HyÊnidÊ, of which three living species are known. They are large and strong, but cowardly. They feed chiefly on carrion, and are nocturnal in their habits. [Written also hyÊna.]

The striped hyena (HyÊna striata) inhabits Southern Asia and a large part of Africa. The brown hyena (H. brunnea), and the spotted hyena (Crocuta maculata), are found in Southern Africa. The extinct cave hyena (H. spelÊa) inhabited England and France.

Cave hyena. See under Cave. -- Hyena dog (Zoˆl.), a South African canine animal (Lycaon venaticus), which hunts in packs, chiefly at night. It is smaller than the common wolf, with very large, erect ears, and a bushy tail. Its color is reddish or yellowish brown, blotched with black and white. Called also hunting dog.

Hy"e*tal (?), a. [Gr. &?; rain, from &?; to rain.] Of or pertaining to rain; descriptive of the distribution of rain, or of rainy regions.

Hy"e*to*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?; rain + -graph.] A chart or graphic representation of the average distribution of rain over the surface of the earth.

Hy`e*to*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to to hyetography.

Hy`e*tog"ra*phy (?), n. The branch of physical science which treats of the geographical distribution of rain.

Hy*ge"ia (?), n. [L. Hygea, Hygia, fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, health, &?;, Hygeia, fr. &?; sound, healthy.] (Classic Myth.) The goddess of health, daughter of Esculapius.

Hy*ge"ian (?), a. Relating to Hygeia, the goddess of health; of or pertaining to health, or its preservation.

Hy"ge*ist (?), n. One skilled in hygiena; a hygienist.

Hy"gie*ist (?), n. A hygienist.

Hy"gi*ene (?), n. [F. hygiËne. See Hygeia.] That department of sanitary science which treats of the preservation of health, esp. of households and communities; a system of principles or rules designated for the promotion of health.

Hy`gi*en"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. hygiÈnique.] Of or pertaining to health or hygiene; sanitary.

Hy`gi*en"ics, n. The science of health; hygiene.

Hy"gi*en*ism (?), n. Hygiene.

Hy"gi*en*ist, n. One versed in hygiene.

Hy`gi*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; health + -logy.] A treatise on, or the science of, the preservation of health. [R.]

Hy"grine (?), n. [From Gr. &?; moist.] (Chem.) An alkaloid associated with cocaine in coca leaves (Erythroxylon coca), and extracted as a thick, yellow oil, having a pungent taste and odor.

Hy"gro*deik (?), n. [Gr. &?; wet, moist, and &?; to show.] (Physics) A form of hygrometer having wet and dry bulb thermometers, with an adjustable index showing directly the percentage of moisture in the air, etc.

Hy"gro*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?; wet + -graph.] (Physics) An instrument for recording automatically the variations of the humidity of the atmosphere.

Hy*grol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; wet + -logy: cf. F. hygrologie.] (Med.) The science which treats of the fluids of the body.

Hy*grom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; wet, moist + -meter: cf. F. hygromËtre.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the degree of moisture of the atmosphere.

Daniell's hygrometer, a form of hygrometer consisting of a bent glass tube terminating in two bulbs, the one covered with muslin, the other of black glass, and containing ether and a thermometer. Ether being poured on the muslin, the black ball, cooled by the evaporation of the ether within, is soon covered with dew; at this moment, the inclosed thermometer gives the dew-point, and this, compared with the reading of one in the air, determines the humidity.

{ Hy`gro*met"ric (?), Hy`gro*met"ric*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. hygromÈtrique.] 1. Of or pertaining to hygrometry; made with, or according to, the hygrometer; as, hygrometric observations.

2. Readily absorbing and retaining moisture; as, hygrometric substances, like potash.

Hy*grom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. hygromÈtrie.] (Physics) That branch of physics which relates to the determination of the humidity of bodies, particularly of the atmosphere, with the theory and use of the instruments constructed for this purpose.

Hy*groph"a*nous (?), a. [Gr. &?; wet + &?; to show.] Having such a structure as to be diaphanous when moist, and opaque when dry.

Hy`groph*thal"mic (?), a. [Gr. &?; wet + E. ophthalmic.] (Anat.) Serving to moisten the eye; -- sometimes applied to the lachrymal ducts.

Hy"gro*plasm (?), n. [Gr. &?; wet + &?; form, mold.] (Biol.) The fluid portion of the cell protoplasm, in opposition to stereoplasm, the solid or insoluble portion. The latter is supposed to be partly nutritive and partly composed of idioplasm.

Hy"gro*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; wet + -scope: cf. F. hygroscope.] (Physics) An instrument which shows whether there is more or less moisture in the atmosphere, without indicating its amount.

Hy`gro*scop"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. hygroscopique.] 1. Of or pertaining to, or indicated by, the hygroscope; not readily manifest to the senses, but capable of detection by the hygroscope; as, glass is often covered with a film of hygroscopic moisture.

2. Having the property of readily inbibing moisture from the atmosphere, or of the becoming coated with a thin film of moisture, as glass, etc.

Hy`gro*sco*pic"i*ty (?), n. (Bot.) The property possessed by vegetable tissues of absorbing or discharging moisture according to circumstances.

Hy`gro*stat"ics (?), n. [Gr. &?; wet + &?;. See Statics.] The science or art of comparing or measuring degrees of moisture. Evelyn.

Hyke (?), n. See Haik, and Huke.

{ Hy"lÊ*o*saur` (?), ||Hy`lÊ*o*sau"rus (?), } n. [NL. hylaeosaurus, fr. Gr. &?; belonging to a forest (fr. &?; wood) + &?; a lizard.] (Paleon.) A large Wealden dinosaur from the Tilgate Forest, England. It was about twenty feet long, protected by bony plates in the skin, and armed with spines.

Hy*lar"chi*cal (?), a. [Gr. &?; wood, matter + &?;: cf. F. hylarchique. See Archical.] Presiding over matter. [Obs.] Hallywell.

Hy"le*o*saur" (?), n. Same as HylÊosaur.

Hyl"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to matter; material; corporeal; as, hylic influences.

Hy"li*cist (?), n. [Gr. &?; adj., material, fr. &?; wood, matter.] A philosopher who treats chiefly of matter; one who adopts or teaches hylism.

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Hy"lism (?), n. [Gr. &?; wood, matter.] (Metaph.) A theory which regards matter as the original principle of evil.

Hy"lo*bate (?), n. [Gr. &?; one that walks or inhabits the woods: &?; a wood + &?; to go.] (Zoˆl.) Any species of the genus Hylobates; a gibbon, or long-armed ape. See Gibbon.

||Hy*lo"des (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; woody, wooded, muddy; &?; a wood ||+ &?; form.] (Zoˆl.) The piping frog (Hyla Pickeringii), a small ||American tree frog, which in early spring, while breeding in swamps ||and ditches, sings with high, shrill, but musical, notes.

Hy"lo*ism (?), n. Same as Hylotheism.

Hy"lo*ist, n. [Gr. &?; wood, matter.] Same as Hylotheist.

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