The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary: Section F, G and H (part 4 of 7)
Gil"our (?), n. [OF.] A guiler; deceiver. [Obs.]
Gilse (?), n. [W. gleisiad, fr. glas blue.] (Zoˆl.) See Grilse.
Gilt (?), n. [See Geld, v. t.] (Zoˆl.) A female pig, when young.
Gilt, imp. & p. p. of Gild.
Gilt, p. p. & a. Gilded; covered with gold; of the color of gold; golden yellow. "Gilt hair" Chaucer.
Gilt, n. 1. Gold, or that which resembles gold, laid on the surface of a thing; gilding. Shak.
2. Money. [Obs.] "The gilt of France." Shak.
{ Gilt"-edge` (?), Gilt"-edged` (?), } a. 1. Having a gilt edge; as, gilt-edged paper.
2. Of the best quality; -- said of negotiable paper, etc. [Slang, U. S.]
Gilt"head` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A marine fish. The name is applied to two species: (a) The Pagrus, or Chrysophrys, auratus, a valuable food fish common in the Mediterranean (so named from its golden-colored head); -- called also giltpoll. (b) The Crenilabrus melops, of the British coasts; -- called also golden maid, conner, sea partridge.
Gilt"if (?), a. [For gilti, by confusion with -if, -ive, in French forms. See Guilty.] Guilty. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gilt"tail` (?), n. A yellow-tailed worm or larva.
Gim (?), a. [Cf. Gimp, a.] Neat; spruce. [Prov.]
Gim"bal (?), or Gim"bals (&?;), n. [See Gimmal, n.] A contrivance for permitting a body to incline freely in all directions, or for suspending anything, as a barometer, ship's compass, chronometer, etc., so that it will remain plumb, or level, when its support is tipped, as by the rolling of a ship. It consists of a ring in which the body can turn on an axis through a diameter of the ring, while the ring itself is so pivoted to its support that it can turn about a diameter at right angles to the first.
Gimbal joint (Mach.), a universal joint embodying the principle of the gimbal. -- Gimbal ring, a single gimbal, as that by which the cockeye of the upper millstone is supported on the spindle.
Gim"blet (?), n. & v. See Gimlet.
Gim"crack` (?), n. [OE., a spruce and pert pretender, also, a spruce girl, prob. fr. gim + crack lad, boaster.] A trivial mechanism; a device; a toy; a pretty thing. Arbuthnot.
Gim"let (?), n. [Also written and pronounced gimbled (&?;)] [OF. guimbelet, guibelet, F. gibelet, prob. fr. OD. wimpel, weme, a bore, wemelen to bore, to wimble. See Wimble, n.] A small tool for boring holes. It has a leading screw, a grooved body, and a cross handle.
Gimlet eye, a squint-eye. [Colloq.] Wright.
Gim"let, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gimleted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gimleting.] 1. To pierce or make with a gimlet.
2. (Naut.) To turn round (an anchor) by the stock, with a motion like turning a gimlet.
Gim"mal (?), n. [Prob. the same word as gemel. See Gemel, and cf. Gimbal.] 1. Joined work whose parts move within each other; a pair or series of interlocked rings.
2. A quaint piece of machinery; a gimmer. [Obs.]
Gim"mal, a. Made or consisting of interlocked rings or links; as, gimmal mail.
In their pale dull mouths the gimmal bit Lies foul with chewed grass.
Shak.
Gimmal joint. See Gimbal joint, under Gimbal.
Gim"mer, Gim"mor (&?;), n. [Cf. Gimmal, n.] A piece of mechanism; mechanical device or contrivance; a gimcrack. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Shak.
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Gimp (?), a. [W. gwymp fair, neat, comely.] Smart; spruce; trim; nice. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Gimp, n. [OF. guimpe, guimple, a nun's wimple, F. guimpe, OHG. wimpal a veil G. wimpel pennon, pendant. See Wimple, n.] A narrow ornamental fabric of silk, woolen, or cotton, often with a metallic wire, or sometimes a coarse cord, running through it; -- used as trimming for dresses, furniture, etc.
Gimp nail, an upholsterer's small nail.
Gimp, v. t. To notch; to indent; to jag.
Gin (?), prep. [AS. ge·n. See Again.] Against; near by; towards; as, gin night. [Scot.] A. Ross (1778).
Gin, conj. [See Gin, prep.] If. [Scotch] Jamieson.
Gin (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gan (?), Gon (&?;), or Gun (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Ginning.] [OE. ginnen, AS. ginnan (in comp.), prob. orig., to open, cut open, cf. OHG. inginnan to begin, open, cut open, and prob. akin to AS. gnan to yawn, and E. yawn. &?; See Yawn, v. i., and cf. Begin.] To begin; -- often followed by an infinitive without to; as, gan tell. See Gan. [Obs. or Archaic] "He gan to pray." Chaucer.
Gin (?), n. [Contr. from Geneva. See 2d Geneva.] A strong alcoholic liquor, distilled from rye and barley, and flavored with juniper berries; -- also called Hollands and Holland gin, because originally, and still very extensively, manufactured in Holland. Common gin is usually flavored with turpentine.
Gin (?), n. [A contraction of engine.]
1. Contrivance; artifice; a trap; a snare. Chaucer. Spenser.
2. (a) A machine for raising or moving heavy weights, consisting of a tripod formed of poles united at the top, with a windlass, pulleys, ropes, etc. (b) (Mining) A hoisting drum, usually vertical; a whim.
3. A machine for separating the seeds from cotton; a cotton gin.
The name is also given to an instrument of torture worked with screws, and to a pump moved by rotary sails.
Gin block, a simple form of tackle block, having one wheel, over which a rope runs; -- called also whip gin, rubbish pulley, and monkey wheel. -- Gin power, a form of horse power for driving a cotton gin. -- Gin race, or Gin ring, the path of the horse when putting a gin in motion. Halliwell. -- Gin saw, a saw used in a cotton gin for drawing the fibers through the grid, leaving the seed in the hopper. -- Gin wheel. (a) In a cotton gin, a wheel for drawing the fiber through the grid; a brush wheel to clean away the lint. (b) (Mining) the drum of a whim.
Gin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ginned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ginning.] 1. To catch in a trap. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
2. To clear of seeds by a machine; as, to gin cotton.
Ging (?), n. Same as Gang, n., 2. [Obs.]
There is a knot, a ging, a pack, a conspiracy against me.
Shak.
Gin*gal" (?), n. See Jingal.
Gin"ger (?), n. [OE. ginger, gingever, gingivere, OF. gengibre, gingimbre, F. gingembre, L. zingiber, zingiberi, fr. Gr. &?;; of Oriental origin; cf. Ar. & Pers. zenjebl, fr. Skr. &?;&?;&?;gavÎra, prop., hornshaped; &?;&?;&?;ga horn + vÎra body.]
1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Zingiber, of the East and West Indies. The species most known is Z. officinale.
2. The hot and spicy rootstock of Zingiber officinale, which is much used in cookery and in medicine.
Ginger beer or ale, a mild beer impregnated with ginger. -- Ginger cordial, a liquor made from ginger, raisins, lemon rind, and water, and sometimes whisky or brandy. -- Ginger pop. See Ginger beer (above). -- Ginger wine, wine impregnated with ginger. -- Wild ginger (Bot.), an American herb (Asarum Canadense) with two reniform leaves and a long, cordlike rootstock which has a strong taste of ginger.
Gin"ger*bread` (?), n. A kind of plain sweet cake seasoned with ginger, and sometimes made in fanciful shapes. "Gingerbread that was full fine." Chaucer.
Gingerbread tree (Bot.), the doom palm; -- so called from the resemblance of its fruit to gingerbread. See Doom Palm. -- Gingerbread work, ornamentation, in architecture or decoration, of a fantastic, trivial, or tawdry character.
Gin"ger*ly, adv. [Prov. E. ginger brittle, tender; cf. dial. Sw. gingla, g‰ngla, to go gently, totter, akin to E. gang.] Cautiously; timidly; fastidiously; daintily.
What is't that you took up so gingerly ?
Shak.
Gin"ger*ness, n. Cautiousness; tenderness.
Ging"ham (?), n. [F. guingan; cf. Jav. ginggang; or perh. fr. Guingamp, in France.] A kind of cotton or linen cloth, usually in stripes or checks, the yarn of which is dyed before it is woven; -- distinguished from printed cotton or prints.
Ging"ing (?), n. (Mining) The lining of a mine shaft with stones or bricks to prevent caving.
Gin"gi*val (?), a. [L. gingiva the gum.] Of or pertaining to the gums. Holder.
Gin"gle (?), n. & v. [Obs.] See Jingle.
Gin"gly*form (?), a. (Anat.) Ginglymoid.
||Gin`gly*mo"di (?), n. [NL.; cf. Gr. &?; ginglymoid. See Ginglymoid.] ||(Zoˆl.) An order of ganoid fishes, including the modern gar pikes and ||many allied fossil forms. They have rhombic, ganoid scales, a ||heterocercal tail, paired fins without an axis, fulcra on the fins, ||and a bony skeleton, with the vertebrÊ convex in front and concave ||behind, forming a ball and socket joint. See Ganoidel.
{ Gin"gly*moid (?), Gin`gly*moid"al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;; &?; ginglymus + &?; form: cf. F. ginglymoide, ginglymoÔdal.] (Anat.) Pertaining to, or resembling, a ginglymus, or hinge joint; ginglyform.
||Gin"gly*mus (?), n.; pl. Ginglymi (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a hingelike ||joint, a ball and socket joint.] (Anat.) A hinge joint; an ||articulation, admitting of flexion and extension, or motion in two ||directions only, as the elbow and the ankle.
Gin"house` (?), n. A building where cotton is ginned.
Gink"go (?), n.; pl. Ginkgoes (#). [Chin., silver fruit.] (Bot.) A large ornamental tree (Ginkgo biloba) from China and Japan, belonging to the Yew suborder of ConiferÊ. Its leaves are so like those of some maidenhair ferns, that it is also called the maidenhair tree.
Gin"nee (?), n.; pl. Ginn (&?;). See Jinnee.
Gin"net (?), n. See Genet, a horse.
Gin"ning (?), n. [See Gin, v. i.] Beginning. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gin"ny-car`riage (&?;), n. A small, strong carriage for conveying materials on a railroad. [Eng.]
Gin"seng (?), n. [Chinese.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Aralia, the root of which is highly valued as a medicine among the Chinese. The Chinese plant (Aralia Schinseng) has become so rare that the American (A. quinquefolia) has largely taken its place, and its root is now an article of export from America to China. The root, when dry, is of a yellowish white color, with a sweetness in the taste somewhat resembling that of licorice, combined with a slight aromatic bitterness.
Gin"shop` (?), n. A shop or barroom where gin is sold as a beverage. [Colloq.]
Gip (?), v. t. To take out the entrails of (herrings).
Gip, n. A servant. See Gyp. Sir W. Scott.
Gi*poun" (?), n. [See Jupon.] A short cassock. [Written also gepoun, gypoun, jupon, juppon.] [Obs.]
{ Gip"ser (?), Gip"sire (?), } n. [F. gibeciËre a game pouch or game pocket. Cf. Gibbier.] A kind of pouch formerly worn at the girdle. Ld. Lytton.
A gipser all of silk, Hung at his girdle, white as mornÈ milk.
Chaucer.
Gip"sy (jp"s), n. & a. See Gypsy.
Gip"sy*ism (?), n. See Gypsyism.
Gi*raffe" (?), n. [F. girafe, Sp. girafa, from Ar. zurfa, zarfa.] (Zoˆl.) An African ruminant (Camelopardalis giraffa) related to the deers and antelopes, but placed in a family by itself; the camelopard. It is the tallest of animals, being sometimes twenty feet from the hoofs to the top of the head. Its neck is very long, and its fore legs are much longer than its hind legs.
Gir"an*dole (?), n. [F. See Gyrate.]
1. An ornamental branched candlestick.
2. A flower stand, fountain, or the like, of branching form.
3. (Pyrotechny) A kind of revolving firework.
4. (Fort.) A series of chambers in defensive mines. Farrow.
{ Gir"a*sole Gir"a*sol } (?), n. [It. girasole, or F. girasol, fr. L. gyrare to turn around + sol sun.]
1. (Bot.) See Heliotrope. [Obs.]
2. (Min.) A variety of opal which is usually milk white, bluish white, or sky blue; but in a bright light it reflects a reddish color.
Gird (grd), n. [See Yard a measure.]
1. A stroke with a rod or switch; a severe spasm; a twinge; a pang.
Conscience . . . is freed from many fearful girds and twinges which the atheist feels.
Tillotson.
2. A cut; a sarcastic remark; a gibe; a sneer.
I thank thee for that gird, good Tranio.
Shak.
Gird, v. t. [See Gird, n., and cf. Girde, v.]
1. To strike; to smite. [Obs.]
To slay him and to girden off his head.
Chaucer.
2. To sneer at; to mock; to gibe.
Being moved, he will not spare to gird the gods.
Shak.
Gird, v. i. To gibe; to sneer; to break a scornful jest; to utter severe sarcasms.
Men of all sorts take a pride to gird at me.
Shak.
Gird (grd), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Girt (?) or Girded; p. pr. & vb. n. Girding.] [OE. girden, gurden, AS. gyrdan; akin to OS. gurdian, D. gorden, OHG. gurten, G. g¸rten, Icel. gyra, Sw. gjorda, Dan. giorde, Goth. bigaÌrdan to begird, and prob. to E. yard an inclosure. Cf. Girth, n. & v., Girt, v. t.] 1. To encircle or bind with any flexible band.
2. To make fast, as clothing, by binding with a cord, girdle, bandage, etc.
3. To surround; to encircle, or encompass.
That Nyseian isle, Girt with the River Triton.
Milton.
4. To clothe; to swathe; to invest.
I girded thee about with fine linen.
Ezek. xvi. 10.
The Son . . . appeared Girt with omnipotence.
Milton.
5. To prepare; to make ready; to equip; as, to gird one's self for a contest.
Thou hast girded me with strength.
Ps. xviii. 39.
To gird on, to put on; to fasten around or to one securely, like a girdle; as, to gird on armor or a sword.
Let not him that girdeth on his harness boast himself as he that putteth it off.
1 Kings xx. 11.
-- To gird up, to bind tightly with a girdle; to support and strengthen, as with a girdle.
He girded up his loins, and ran before Ahab.
1 Kings xviii. 46.
Gird up the loins of your mind.
1 Pet. i. 13.
-- Girt up; prepared or equipped, as for a journey or for work, in allusion to the ancient custom of gathering the long flowing garments into the girdle and tightening it before any exertion; hence, adjectively, eagerly or constantly active; strenuous; striving. "A severer, more girt-up way of living." J. C. Shairp.
Gird"er (?), n. [From Gird to sneer at.] One who girds; a satirist.
Gird"er, n. [From Gird to encircle.]
1. One who, or that which, girds.
2. (Arch. & Engin.) A main beam; a stright, horizontal beam to span an opening or carry weight, such as ends of floor beams, etc.; hence, a framed or built-up member discharging the same office, technically called a compound girder. See Illusts. of Frame, and Doubleframed floor, under Double.
Bowstring girder, Box girder, etc. See under Bowstring, Box, etc. -- Girder bridge. See under Bridge. -- Lattice girder, a girder consisting of longitudinal bars united by diagonal crossing bars. -- Half-lattice girder, a girder consisting of horizontal upper and lower bars connected by a series of diagonal bars sloping alternately in opposite directions so as to divide the space between the bars into a series of triangles. Knight. -- Sandwich girder, a girder consisting of two parallel wooden beams, between which is an iron plate, the whole clamped together by iron bolts.
Gird"ing, n. That with which one is girded; a girdle.
Instead of a stomacher, a girding of sackcloth.
Is. iii. 24.
Gir"dle (?), n. A griddle. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Gir"dle, n. [OE. gurdel, girdel, AS. gyrdel, fr. gyrdan; akin to D. gordel, G. g¸rtel, Icel. gyr&?;ill. See Gird, v. t., to encircle, and cf. Girth, n.]
1. That which girds, encircles, or incloses; a circumference; a belt; esp., a belt, sash, or article of dress encircling the body usually at the waist; a cestus.
Within the girdle of these walls.
Shak.
Their breasts girded with golden girdles.
Rev. xv. 6.
2. The zodiac; also, the equator. [Poetic] Bacon.
From the world's girdle to the frozen pole.
Cowper.
That gems the starry girdle of the year.
Campbell.
3. (Jewelry) The line ofgreatest circumference of a brilliant-cut diamond, at which it is grasped by the setting. See Illust. of Brilliant. Knight.
4. (Mining) A thin bed or stratum of stone. Raymond.
5. (Zoˆl.) The clitellus of an earthworm.
Girdle bone (Anat.), the sphenethmoid. See under Sphenethmoid. -- Girdle wheel, a spinning wheel. -- Sea girdle (Zoˆl.), a ctenophore. See Venus's girdle, under Venus. -- Shoulder, Pectoral, ∧ Pelvic, girdle. (Anat.) See under Pectoral, and Pelvic. -- To have under the girdle, to have bound to one, that is, in subjection.
Gir"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Girdled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Girdling (?).] 1. To bind with a belt or sash; to gird. Shak.
2. To inclose; to environ; to shut in.
Those sleeping stones, That as a waist doth girdle you about.
Shak.
3. To make a cut or gnaw a groove around (a tree, etc.) through the bark and alburnum, thus killing it. [U. S.]
Gir"dler (?), n. 1. One who girdles.
2. A maker of girdles.
3. (Zoˆl.) An American longicorn beetle (Oncideres cingulatus) which lays its eggs in the twigs of the hickory, and then girdles each branch by gnawing a groove around it, thus killing it to provide suitable food for the larvÊ.
Gir"dle*stead (?), n. [Girdle + stead place.]
1. That part of the body where the girdle is worn. [Obs.]
Sheathed, beneath his girdlestead.
Chapman.
2. The lap. [R.]
There fell a flower into her girdlestead.
Swinburne.
Gire (?), n. [Obs.] See Gyre.
Gir"kin (?), n. [Obs.] See Gherkin.
Girl (?), n. [OE. girle, gerle, gurle, a girl (in sense 1): cf. LG. gˆr child.]
1. A young person of either sex; a child. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. A female child, from birth to the age of puberty; a young maiden.
3. A female servant; a maidservant. [U. S.]
4. (Zoˆl.) A roebuck two years old. [Prov. Eng.]
Girl"hood (?), n. State or time of being a girl.
Girl"ish, a. Like, or characteristic of, a girl; of or pertaining to girlhood; innocent; artless; immature; weak; as, girlish ways; girlish grief. -- Girl"ish*ly, adv. -- Girl"ish*ness, n.
Gir"lond (?), n. [See Garland, n.] A garland; a prize. [Obs.] Chapman.
Girn (?), v. i. [See Grin, n.] To grin. [Obs.]
Gi*ron"dist (?), n. [F. Girondiste.] A member of the moderate republican party formed in the French legislative assembly in 1791. The Girondists were so called because their leaders were deputies from the department of La Gironde.
Gi*ron"dist, a. Of or pertaining to the Girondists. [Written also Girondin.]
Gir"rock (?), n. [Cf. Prov. F. chicarou.] (Zoˆl.) A garfish. Johnson.
Girt (?), imp. & p. p. of Gird.
Girt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Girted; p. pr. & vb. n. Girting.] [From Girt, n., cf. Girth, v.] To gird; to encircle; to invest by means of a girdle; to measure the girth of; as, to girt a tree.
We here create thee the first duke of Suffolk, And girt thee with the sword.
Shak.
Girt, a. (Naut.) Bound by a cable; -- used of a vessel so moored by two anchors that she swings against one of the cables by force of the current or tide.
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Girt (grt), n. Same as Girth.
Girth (grth), n. [Icel. gjˆr girdle, or ger girth; akin to Goth. gaÌrda girdle. See Gird to girt, and cf. Girdle, n.] 1. A band or strap which encircles the body; especially, one by which a saddle is fastened upon the back of a horse.
2. The measure round the body, as at the waist or belly; the circumference of anything.
He's a lu sty, jolly fellow, that lives well, at least three yards in the girth.
Addison.
3. A small horizontal brace or girder.
Girth, v. t. [From Girth, n., cf. Girt, v. t.] To bind as with a girth. [R.] Johnson.
Girt"line` (?), n. (Naut.) A gantline.
Hammock girtline, a line rigged for hanging out hammocks to dry.
Gis*arm" (?), n. [OF. gisarme, guisarme.] (MediÊval Armor) A weapon with a scythe-shaped blade, and a separate long sharp point, mounted on a long staff and carried by foot soldiers.
Gise (?), v. t. [See Agist.] To feed or pasture. [Obs.]
Gise (?), n. Guise; manner. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gis"le (?), n. [AS. gsel; akin to G. geisel, Icel. gsl.] A pledge. [Obs.] Bp. Gibson.
{ Gis*mon"dine (?), Gis*mon"dite (?), } n. [From the name of the discoverer, Gismondi.] (Min.) A native hydrated silicate of alumina, lime, and potash, first noticed near Rome.
Gist (?), n. [OF. giste abode, lodgings, F. gÓte, fr. gÈsir to lie, L. jac&?;re, prop., to be thrown, hence, to lie, fr. jac&?;re to throw. In the second sense fr. OF. gist, F. gÓt, 3d pers. sing. ind. of gÈsir to lie, used in a proverb, F., c'est l‡ que gÓt le liËvre, it is there that the hare lies, i. e., that is the point, the difficulty. See Jet a shooting forth, and cf. Agist, Joist, n., Gest a stage in traveling.] 1. A resting place. [Obs.]
These quails have their set gists; to wit, ordinary resting and baiting places.
Holland.
2. The main point, as of a question; the point on which an action rests; the pith of a matter; as, the gist of a question.
Git (?), n. (Founding) See Geat.
Gite (?), n. A gown. [Obs.]
She came often in a gite of red.
Chaucer.
Gith (?), n. [Prov. E., corn cockle; cf. W. gith corn cockle.] (Bot.) The corn cockle; also anciently applied to the Nigella, or fennel flower.
Git"tern (?), n. [OE. giterne, OF. guiterne, ultimately from same source as E. guitar. See Guitar, and cf. Cittern.] An instrument like a guitar. "Harps, lutes, and giternes." Chaucer.
Git"tern, v. i. To play on gittern. Milton.
Git"tith (?), n. [Heb.] A musical instrument, of unknown character, supposed by some to have been used by the people of Gath, and thence obtained by David. It is mentioned in the title of Psalms viii., lxxxi., and lxxxiv. Dr. W. Smith.
Giust (jst), n. [Obs.] Same as Joust. Spenser.
||Gius"to (?), a. [It., fr. L. justus. See Just, a.] (Mus.) In just, ||correct, or suitable time.
Give (gv), v. t. [imp. Gave (gv); p. p. Given (gv"'n); p. pr. & vb. n. Giving.] [OE. given, yiven, yeven, AS. gifan, giefan; akin to D. geven, OS. gean, OHG. geban, G. geben, Icel. gefa, Sw. gifva, Dan. give, Goth. giban. Cf. Gift, n.] 1. To bestow without receiving a return; to confer without compensation; to impart, as a possession; to grant, as authority or permission; to yield up or allow.
For generous lords had rather give than pay.
Young.
2. To yield possesion of; to deliver over, as property, in exchange for something; to pay; as, we give the value of what we buy.
What shall a man give in exchange for his soul ?
Matt. xvi. 26.
3. To yield; to furnish; to produce; to emit; as, flint and steel give sparks.
4. To communicate or announce, as advice, tidings, etc.; to pronounce; to render or utter, as an opinion, a judgment, a sentence, a shout, etc.
5. To grant power or license to; to permit; to allow; to license; to commission.
It is given me once again to behold my friend.
Rowe.
Then give thy friend to shed the sacred wine.
Pope.
6. To exhibit as a product or result; to produce; to show; as, the number of men, divided by the number of ships, gives four hundred to each ship.
7. To devote; to apply; used reflexively, to devote or apply one's self; as, the soldiers give themselves to plunder; also in this sense used very frequently in the past participle; as, the people are given to luxury and pleasure; the youth is given to study.
8. (Logic & Math.) To set forth as a known quantity or a known relation, or as a premise from which to reason; -- used principally in the passive form given.
9. To allow or admit by way of supposition.
I give not heaven for lost.
Mlton.
10. To attribute; to assign; to adjudge.
I don't wonder at people's giving him to me as a lover.
Sheridan.
11. To excite or cause to exist, as a sensation; as, to give offense; to give pleasure or pain.
12. To pledge; as, to give one's word.
13. To cause; to make; -- with the infinitive; as, to give one to understand, to know, etc.
But there the duke was given to understand That in a gondola were seen together Lorenzo and his amorous Jessica.
Shak.
To give away, to make over to another; to transfer.
Whatsoever we employ in charitable uses during our lives, is given away from ourselves.
Atterbury.
-- To give back, to return; to restore. Atterbury. -- To give the bag, to cheat. [Obs.]
I fear our ears have given us the bag.
J. Webster.
-- To give birth to. (a) To bear or bring forth, as a child. (b) To originate; to give existence to, as an enterprise, idea. -- To give chase, to pursue. -- To give ear to. See under Ear. -- To give forth, to give out; to publish; to tell. Hayward. -- To give ground. See under Ground, n. -- To give the hand, to pledge friendship or faith. -- To give the hand of, to espouse; to bestow in marriage. -- To give the head. See under Head, n. -- To give in. (a) To abate; to deduct. (b) To declare; to make known; to announce; to tender; as, to give in one's adhesion to a party. -- To give the lie to (a person), to tell (him) that he lies. -- To give line. See under Line. -- To give off, to emit, as steam, vapor, odor, etc. -- To give one's self away, to make an inconsiderate surrender of one's cause, an unintentional disclosure of one's purposes, or the like. [Colloq.] -- To give out. (a) To utter publicly; to report; to announce or declare.
One that gives out himself Prince Florizel.
Shak.
Give out you are of Epidamnum.
Shak.
(b) To send out; to emit; to distribute; as, a substance gives out steam or odors. -- To give over. (a) To yield completely; to quit; to abandon. (b) To despair of. (c) To addict, resign, or apply (one's self).
The Babylonians had given themselves over to all manner of vice.
Grew.
-- To give place, to withdraw; to yield one's claim. -- To give points. (a) In games of skill, to equalize chances by conceding a certain advantage; to allow a handicap. (b) To give useful suggestions. [Colloq.] -- To give rein. See under Rein, n. -- To give the sack. Same as To give the bag. -- To give and take. (a) To average gains and losses. (b) To exchange freely, as blows, sarcasms, etc. -- To give time (Law), to accord extension or forbearance to a debtor. Abbott. -- To give the time of day, to salute one with the compliment appropriate to the hour, as "good morning." "good evening", etc. -- To give tongue, in hunter's phrase, to bark; -- said of dogs. -- To give up. (a) To abandon; to surrender. "Don't give up the ship."
He has . . . given up For certain drops of salt, your city Rome.
Shak.
(b) To make public; to reveal.
I'll not state them By giving up their characters.
Beau. & Fl.
(c) (Used also reflexively.) -- To give up the ghost. See under Ghost. -- To give one's self up, to abandon hope; to despair; to surrender one's self. -- To give way. (a) To withdraw; to give place. (b) To yield to force or pressure; as, the scaffolding gave way. (c) (Naut.) To begin to row; or to row with increased energy. (d) (Stock Exchange). To depreciate or decline in value; as, railroad securities gave way two per cent. -- To give way together, to row in time; to keep stroke.
Syn. -- To Give, Confer, Grant. To give is the generic word, embracing all the rest. To confer was originally used of persons in power, who gave permanent grants or privileges; as, to confer the order of knighthood; and hence it still denotes the giving of something which might have been withheld; as, to confer a favor. To grant is to give in answer to a petition or request, or to one who is in some way dependent or inferior.
Give (?), v. i. 1. To give a gift or gifts.
2. To yield to force or pressure; to relax; to become less rigid; as, the earth gives under the feet.
3. To become soft or moist. [Obs.] Bacon .
4. To move; to recede.
Now back he gives, then rushes on amain.
Daniel.
5. To shed tears; to weep. [Obs.]
Whose eyes do never give But through lust and laughter.
Shak.
6. To have a misgiving. [Obs.]
My mind gives ye're reserved To rob poor market women.
J. Webster.
7. To open; to lead. [A Gallicism]
This, yielding, gave into a grassy walk.
Tennyson.
To give back, to recede; to retire; to retreat.
They gave back and came no farther.
Bunyan.
-- To give in, to yield; to succumb; to acknowledge one's self beaten; to cease opposition.
The Scots battalion was enforced to give in.
Hayward.
This consideration may induce a translator to give in to those general phrases.
Pope.
-- To give off, to cease; to forbear. [Obs.] Locke. -- To give on or upon. (a) To rush; to fall upon. [Obs.] (b) To have a view of; to be in sight of; to overlook; to look toward; to open upon; to front; to face. [A Gallicism: cf. Fr. donner sur.]
Rooms which gave upon a pillared porch.
Tennyson.
The gloomy staircase on which the grating gave.
Dickens.
-- To give out. (a) To expend all one's strength. Hence: (b) To cease from exertion; to fail; to be exhausted; as, my feet being to give out; the flour has given out. -- To give over, to cease; to discontinue; to desist.
It would be well for all authors, if they knew when to give over, and to desist from any further pursuits after fame.
Addison.
-- To give up, to cease from effort; to yield; to despair; as, he would never give up.
Giv"en (?), p. p. & a. from Give, v.
1. (Math. & Logic) Granted; assumed; supposed to be known; set forth as a known quantity, relation, or premise.
2. Disposed; inclined; -- used with an adv.; as, virtuously given. Shak.
3. Stated; fixed; as, in a given time.
Given name, the Christian name, or name given by one's parents or guardians, as distinguished from the surname, which is inherited. [Colloq.]
Giv"er (?), n. One who gives; a donor; a bestower; a grantor; one who imparts or distributes.
It is the giver, and not the gift, that engrosses the heart of the Christian.
Kollock.
Gives (?), n. pl. [See Give, n.] Fetters.
Giv"ing (?), n. 1. The act of bestowing as a gift; a conferring or imparting.
2. A gift; a benefaction. [R.] Pope.
3. The act of softening, breaking, or yielding. "Upon the first giving of the weather." Addison.
Giving in, a falling inwards; a collapse. -- Giving out, anything uttered or asserted; an outgiving.
His givings out were of an infinite distance From his true meant design.
Shak.
Giz"zard (?), n. [F. gÈsier, L. gigeria, pl., the cooked entrails of poultry. Cf. Gigerium.]
1. (Anat.) The second, or true, muscular stomach of birds, in which the food is crushed and ground, after being softened in the glandular stomach (crop), or lower part of the esophagus; the gigerium.
2. (Zoˆl.) (a) A thick muscular stomach found in many invertebrate animals. (b) A stomach armed with chitinous or shelly plates or teeth, as in certain insects and mollusks.
Gizzard shad (Zoˆl.), an American herring (Dorosoma cepedianum) resembling the shad, but of little value. -- To fret the gizzard, to harass; to vex one's self; to worry. [Low] Hudibras. -- To stick in one's gizzard, to be difficult of digestion; to be offensive. [Low]
||Gla*bel"la (?), n.; pl. Glabell&?; (#). [NL., fr. L. glabellus ||hairless, fr. glaber bald.] (Anat.) The space between the eyebrows, ||also including the corresponding part of the frontal bone; the ||mesophryon. -- Gla*bel"lar (#), a.
||Gla*bel"lum (?), n.; pl. Glabella (#). [NL. See Glabella.] (Zoˆl.) ||The median, convex lobe of the head of a trilobite. See Trilobite.
Gla"brate (?), a. [L. glabrare, fr. glaber smooth.] (Bot.) Becoming smooth or glabrous from age. Gray.
{ Gla"bre*ate (?), Gla"bri*ate (?), } v. t. [See Glabrate.] To make smooth, plain, or bare. [Obs.]
Glab"ri*ty (?), n. [L. glabritas.] Smoothness; baldness. [R.]
Gla"brous (?), a. [L. glaber; cf. Gr. &?; hollow, smooth, &?; to hollow.] Smooth; having a surface without hairs or any unevenness.
Gla"cial (?), a. [L. glacialis, from glacies ice: cf. F. glacial.] 1. Pertaining to ice or to its action; consisting of ice; frozen; icy; esp., pertaining to glaciers; as, glacial phenomena. Lyell.
2. (Chem.) Resembling ice; having the appearance and consistency of ice; -- said of certain solid compounds; as, glacial phosphoric or acetic acids.
Glacial acid (Chem.), an acid of such strength or purity as to crystallize at an ordinary temperature, in an icelike form; as acetic or carbolic acid. -- Glacial drift (Geol.), earth and rocks which have been transported by moving ice, land ice, or icebergs; bowlder drift. -- Glacial epoch or period (Geol.), a period during which the climate of the modern temperate regions was polar, and ice covered large portions of the northern hemisphere to the mountain tops. -- Glacial theory or hypothesis. (Geol.) See Glacier theory, under Glacier.
Gla"cial*ist, n. One who attributes the phenomena of the drift, in geology, to glaciers.
Gla"ci*ate (?), v. i. [L. glaciatus, p. p. of glaciare to freeze, fr. glacies ice.] To turn to ice.
Gla"ci*ate, v. t. 1. To convert into, or cover with, ice.
2. (Geol.) To produce glacial effects upon, as in the scoring of rocks, transportation of loose material, etc.
Glaciated rocks, rocks whose surfaces have been smoothed, furrowed, or striated, by the action of ice.
Gla`ci*a"tion (?), n. 1. Act of freezing.
2. That which is formed by freezing; ice.
3. The process of glaciating, or the state of being glaciated; the production of glacial phenomena.
Gla"cier (?), n. [F. glacier, fr. glace ice, L. glacies.] An immense field or stream of ice, formed in the region of perpetual snow, and moving slowly down a mountain slope or valley, as in the Alps, or over an extended area, as in Greenland.
The mass of compacted snow forming the upper part of a glacier is called the firn, or nÈvÈ; the glacier proper consist of solid ice, deeply crevassed where broken up by irregularities in the slope or direction of its path. A glacier usually carries with it accumulations of stones and dirt called moraines, which are designated, according to their position, as lateral, medial, or terminal (see Moraine). The common rate of flow of the Alpine glaciers is from ten to twenty inches per day in summer, and about half that in winter.
Glacier theory (Geol.), the theory that large parts of the frigid and temperate zones were covered with ice during the glacial, or ice, period, and that, by the agency of this ice, the loose materials on the earth's surface, called drift or diluvium, were transported and accumulated.
Gla"cious (?), a. Pertaining to, consisting of or resembling, ice; icy. Sir T. Browne.
Gla"cis (?), n. [F. glacis; -- so named from its smoothness. See Glacier.] A gentle slope, or a smooth, gently sloping bank; especially (Fort.), that slope of earth which inclines from the covered way toward the exterior ground or country (see Illust. of Ravelin).
<! p. 628 !>
Glad (?), a. [Compar. Gladder (?); superl. Gladdest (?).] [AS. glÊd bright, glad; akin to D. glad smooth, G. glatt, OHG. glat smooth, shining, Icel. gla&?;r glad, bright, Dan. & Sw. glad glad, Lith. glodas smooth, and prob. to L. glaber, and E. glide. Cf. Glabrous.]
1. Pleased; joyous; happy; cheerful; gratified; -- opposed to sorry, sorrowful, or unhappy; -- said of persons, and often followed by of, at, that, or by the infinitive, and sometimes by with, introducing the cause or reason.
A wise son maketh a glad father.
Prov. x. 1.
He that is glad at calamities shall not be unpunished.
Prov. xvii. 5.
The Trojan, glad with sight of hostile blood.
Dryden.
He, glad of her attention gained.
Milton.
As we are now glad to behold your eyes.
Shak.
Glad am I that your highness is so armed.
Shak.
Glad on 't, glad of it. [Colloq.] Shak.
2. Wearing a gay or bright appearance; expressing or exciting joy; producing gladness; exhilarating.
Her conversation More glad to me than to a miser money is.
Sir P. Sidney.
Glad evening and glad morn crowned the fourth day.
Milton.
Syn. -- Pleased; gratified; exhilarated; animated; delighted; happy; cheerful; joyous; joyful; cheering; exhilarating; pleasing; animating. -- Glad, Delighted, Gratified. Delighted expresses a much higher degree of pleasure than glad. Gratified always refers to a pleasure conferred by some human agent, and the feeling is modified by the consideration that we owe it in part to another. A person may be glad or delighted to see a friend, and gratified at the attention shown by his visits.
Glad, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gladded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gladding.] [AS. gladian. See Glad, a., and cf. Gladden, v. t.] To make glad; to cheer; to gladden; to exhilarate. Chaucer.
That which gladded all the warrior train.
Dryden.
Each drinks the juice that glads the heart of man.
Pope.
Glad, v. i. To be glad; to rejoice. [Obs.] Massinger.
Glad"den (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gladdened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gladdening (?).] [See Glad, v. t.] To make glad; to cheer; to please; to gratify; to rejoice; to exhilarate.
A secret pleasure gladdened all that saw him.
Addison.
Glad"den, v. i. To be or become glad; to rejoice.
The vast Pacific gladdens with the freight.
Wordsworth.
Glad"der (?), n. One who makes glad. Chaucer.
Glade (?), n. [Prob. of Scand. origin, and akin to glad, a.; cf. also W. golead, goleuad, a lighting, illumination, fr. goleu light, clear, bright, goleu fwlch glade, lit., a light or clear defile.]
1. An open passage through a wood; a grassy open or cleared space in a forest.
There interspersed in lawns and opening glades.
Pope.
2. An everglade. [Local, U. S.]
3. An opening in the ice of rivers or lakes, or a place left unfrozen; also, smooth ice. [Local, U. S.]
Bottom glade. See under Bottom. -- Glade net, in England, a net used for catching woodcock and other birds in forest glades.
Gla"den (?), n. [AS. glÊdene, cf. L. gladius a sword. Cf. Gladiole.] (Bot.) Sword grass; any plant with sword-shaped leaves, esp. the European Iris fútidissima. [Written also gladwyn, gladdon, and glader.]
Glad"eye` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The European yellow-hammer.
Glad"ful (?), a. Full of gladness; joyful; glad. [R.] -- Glad"ful*ness, n. [R.] Spenser.
It followed him with gladful glee.
Spenser.
Glad"i*ate (?), a. [L. gladius sword.] (Bot.) Sword-shaped; resembling a sword in form, as the leaf of the iris, or of the gladiolus.
Glad"i*a`tor (?), n. [L., fr. gladius sword. See Glaive.] 1. Originally, a swordplayer; hence, one who fought with weapons in public, either on the occasion of a funeral ceremony, or in the arena, for public amusement.
2. One who engages in any fierce combat or controversy.
{ Glad`i*a*to"ri*al (?), Glad`i*a*to"ri*an (?), } a. Of or pertaining to gladiators, or to contests or combatants in general.
Glad"i*a`tor*ism (?), n. The art or practice of a gladiator.
Glad"i*a`tor*ship, n. Conduct, state, or art, of a gladiator.
Glad"i*a*to*ry (?), a. [L. gladiatorius.] Gladiatorial. [R.]
Glad"i*a*ture (?), n. [L. gladiatura.] Swordplay; fencing; gladiatorial contest. Gayton.
Glad"i*ole (?), n. [L. gladiolus a small sword, the sword lily, dim. of gladius sword. See Glaive.] (Bot.) A lilylike plant, of the genus Gladiolus; -- called also corn flag.
Gla*di"o*lus (?), n.; pl. L. Gladioli (#), E. Gladioluses (#). [L. See Gladiole.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of plants having bulbous roots and gladiate leaves, and including many species, some of which are cultivated and valued for the beauty of their flowers; the corn flag; the sword lily.
2. (Anat.) The middle portion of the sternum in some animals; the mesosternum.
||Gla"di*us (?), n.; pl. Gladii (#). [L., a sword.] (Zoˆl.) The ||internal shell, or pen, of cephalopods like the squids.
Glad"ly (?), adv. [From Glad, a.]
1. Preferably; by choice. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. With pleasure; joyfully; cheerfully; eagerly.
The common people heard him gladly.
Mark xii. 37.
Glad"ness (?), n. [AS. glÊdnes.] State or quality of being glad; pleasure; joyful satisfaction; cheerfulness.
They . . . did eat their meat with gladness and singleness of heart.
Acts ii. 46.
Gladness is rarely or never equivalent to mirth, merriment, gayety, and triumph, and it usually expresses less than delight. It sometimes expresses great joy.
The Jews had joy and gladness, a feast and a good day.
Esther viii. 17.
Glad"ship, n. [AS. glÊdscipe.] A state of gladness. [Obs.] Gower.
Glad"some (?), a. 1. Pleased; joyful; cheerful.
2. Causing joy, pleasure, or cheerfulness; having the appearance of gayety; pleasing.
Of opening heaven they sung, and gladsome day.
Prior.
-- Glad"some*ly, adv. -- Glad"some*ness, n.
Hours of perfect gladsomeness.
Wordsworth.
Glad"stone (?), n. [Named after Wm. E. Gladstone.] A four-wheeled pleasure carriage with two inside seats, calash top, and seats for driver and footman.
Glad"wyn (?), n. (Bot.) See Gladen.
Glair (?), n. [F. glaire, glaire d'&?;uf, the glair of an egg, prob. fr. L. clarus clear, bright. See Clear, a.]
1. The white of egg. It is used as a size or a glaze in bookbinding, for pastry, etc.
2. Any viscous, transparent substance, resembling the white of an egg.
3. A broadsword fixed on a pike; a kind of halberd.
Glair, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glaired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glairing.] To smear with the white of an egg.
Glaire (?), n. See Glair.
Glair"e*ous (?), a. Glairy; covered with glair.
Glair"in (?), n. A glairy viscous substance, which forms on the surface of certain mineral waters, or covers the sides of their inclosures; -- called also baregin.
Glair"y (?), a. Like glair, or partaking of its qualities; covered with glair; viscous and transparent; slimy. Wiseman.
Glaive (?), n. [F. glaive, L. gladius; prob. akin to E. claymore. Cf. Gladiator.] 1. A weapon formerly used, consisting of a large blade fixed on the end of a pole, whose edge was on the outside curve; also, a light lance with a long sharp- pointed head. Wilhelm.
2. A sword; -- used poetically and loosely.
The glaive which he did wield.
Spenser.
||Gla"ma (?), n. [NL.; cf. Gr. &?;, L. gramiae, Gr. &?; blear-eyed.] ||(Med.) A copious gummy secretion of the humor of the eyelids, in ||consequence of some disorder; blearedness; lippitude.
Gla"mour (?), n. [Scot. glamour, glamer; cf. Icel. gl·meggdr one who is troubled with the glaucoma (?); or Icel. glm-sni weakness of sight, glamour; glmr name of the moon, also of a ghost + sni sight, akin to E. see. Perh., however, a corruption of E. gramarye.]
1. A charm affecting the eye, making objects appear different from what they really are.
2. Witchcraft; magic; a spell. Tennyson.
3. A kind of haze in the air, causing things to appear different from what they really are.
The air filled with a strange, pale glamour that seemed to lie over the broad valley.
W. Black.
4. Any artificial interest in, or association with, an object, through which it appears delusively magnified or glorified.
5. A quality of a person which allures and fascinates, usually by good looks and a charming manner; -- of people; as, the glamour of John F. Kennedy.. [PJC]
6. An attractive quality which provides excitement, adventure, the thrill of unusual activity, or the potential to become famous; -- of activities; as, the glamour of movie stardom. [PJC]
Glamour gift, Glamour might, the gift or power of producing a glamour. The former is used figuratively, of the gift of fascination peculiar to women.
It had much of glamour might To make a lady seem a knight.
Sir W. Scott.
Glam"ou*rie (?), n. Glamour. [Scot.]
Glance (?), n. [Akin to D. glans luster, brightness, G. glanz, Sw. glans, D. glands brightness, glimpse. Cf. Gleen, Glint, Glitter, and Glance a mineral.]
1. A sudden flash of light or splendor.
Swift as the lightning glance.
Milton.
2. A quick cast of the eyes; a quick or a casual look; a swift survey; a glimpse.
Dart not scornful glances from those eyes.
Shak.
3. An incidental or passing thought or allusion.
How fleet is a glance of the mind.
Cowper.
4. (Min.) A name given to some sulphides, mostly dark-colored, which have a brilliant metallic luster, as the sulphide of copper, called copper glance.
Glance coal, anthracite; a mineral composed chiefly of carbon. -- Glance cobalt, cobaltite, or gray cobalt. -- Glance copper, chalcocite. -- Glance wood, a hard wood grown in Cuba, and used for gauging instruments, carpenters' rules, etc. McElrath.
Glance, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glanced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glancing (?).] 1. To shoot or emit a flash of light; to shine; to flash.
From art, from nature, from the schools, Let random influences glance, Like light in many a shivered lance, That breaks about the dappled pools.
Tennyson.
2. To strike and fly off in an oblique direction; to dart aside. "Your arrow hath glanced". Shak.
On me the curse aslope Glanced on the ground.
Milton.
3. To look with a sudden, rapid cast of the eye; to snatch a momentary or hasty view.
The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling, Doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven.
Shak.
4. To make an incidental or passing reflection; to allude; to hint; -- often with at.
Wherein obscurely CÊsar\'b6s ambition shall be glanced at.
Shak.
He glanced at a certain reverend doctor.
Swift.
5. To move quickly, appearing and disappearing rapidly; to be visible only for an instant at a time; to move interruptedly; to twinkle.
And all along the forum and up the sacred seat, His vulture eye pursued the trip of those small glancing feet.
Macaulay.
Glance (?), v. t. 1. To shoot or dart suddenly or obliquely; to cast for a moment; as, to glance the eye.
2. To hint at; to touch lightly or briefly. [Obs.]
In company I often glanced it.
Shak.
Glan"cing (?), a. 1. Shooting, as light.
When through the gancing lightnings fly.
Rowe.
2. Flying off (after striking) in an oblique direction; as, a glancing shot.
Glan"cing*ly, adv. In a glancing manner; transiently; incidentally; indirectly. Hakewill.
Gland (?), n. [F. glande, L. glans, glandis, acorn; akin to Gr. &?; for &?;, and &?; to cast, throw, the acorn being the dropped fruit. Cf. Parable, n.]
1. (Anat.) (a) An organ for secreting something to be used in, or eliminated from, the body; as, the sebaceous glands of the skin; the salivary glands of the mouth. (b) An organ or part which resembles a secreting, or true, gland, as the ductless, lymphatic, pineal, and pituitary glands, the functions of which are very imperfectly known.
The true secreting glands are, in principle, narrow pouches of the mucous membranes, or of the integument, lined with a continuation of the epithelium, or of the epidermis, the cells of which produce the secretion from the blood. In the larger glands, the pouches are tubular, greatly elongated, and coiled, as in the sweat glands, or subdivided and branched, making compound and racemose glands, such as the pancreas.
2. (Bot.) (a) A special organ of plants, usually minute and globular, which often secretes some kind of resinous, gummy, or aromatic product. (b) Any very small prominence.
3. (Steam Mach.) The movable part of a stuffing box by which the packing is compressed; -- sometimes called a follower. See Illust. of Stuffing box, under Stuffing.
4. (Mach.) The crosspiece of a bayonet clutch.
Glan"dage (?), n. [Cf. OF. glandage. See Gland.] A feeding on nuts or mast. [Obs.] Crabb.
Glan"dered (?), a. Affected with glanders; as, a glandered horse. Yu&?;att.
Glan"der*ous (?), a. Of or pertaining to glanders; of the nature of glanders. Youatt.
Glan"ders (?), n. [From Gland.] (Far.) A highly contagious and very destructive disease of horses, asses, mules, etc., characterized by a constant discharge of sticky matter from the nose, and an enlargement and induration of the glands beneath and within the lower jaw. It may transmitted to dogs, goats, sheep, and to human beings.
Glan*dif"er*ous (?), a. [L. glandifer; glans, glandis, acorn + ferre to bear; cf. F. glandifËre.] Bearing acorns or other nuts; as, glandiferous trees.
Gland"i*form (?), a. [L. glans, glandis, acorn + -form: cf. F. glandiforme .] Having the form of a gland or nut; resembling a gland.
Glan"du*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. glandulaire. See Glandule.] Containing or supporting glands; consisting of glands; pertaining to glands.
Glan`du*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. glandulation.] (Bot.) The situation and structure of the secretory vessels in plants. Martyn.
Glandulation respects the secretory vessels, which are either glandules, follicles, or utricles.
J. Lee.
Glan"dule (?), n. [L. glandula, dim. of glans, glandis, acorn: cf. F. glandule. See Gland.] A small gland or secreting vessel.
Glan`du*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. glandula gland + -ferous; cf. F. glandulifËre.] Bearing glandules.
Glan"du*lose` (?), a. Same as Glandulous.
Glan`du*los"i*ty (?), n. Quality of being glandulous; a collection of glands. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
Glan"du*lous (?), a. [L. glandulosus: cf. F. glanduleux.] Containing glands; consisting of glands; pertaining to glands; resembling glands.
||Glans (?) n.; pl. Glandes (#). [L. See Gland.]
1. (Anat.) The vascular body which forms the apex of the penis, and the extremity of the clitoris.
2. (Bot.) The acorn or mast of the oak and similar fruits. Gray.
3. (Med.) (a) Goiter. (b) A pessary. [Obs.]
Glare (gl‚r), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glaring.] [OE. glaren, gloren; cf. AS. glÊr amber, LG. glaren to glow or burn like coals, D. gloren to glimmer; prob. akin to E. glass.]
1. To shine with a bright, dazzling light.
The cavern glares with new-admitted light.
Dryden.
2. To look with fierce, piercing eyes; to stare earnestly, angrily, or fiercely.
And eye that scorcheth all it glares upon.
Byron.
3. To be bright and intense, as certain colors; to be ostentatiously splendid or gay.
She glares in balls, front boxes, and the ring.
Pope.
Glare, v. t. To shoot out, or emit, as a dazzling light.
Every eye Glared lightning, and shot forth pernicious fire.
Milton.
Glare, n. 1. A bright, dazzling light; splendor that dazzles the eyes; a confusing and bewildering light.
The frame of burnished steel that cast a glare.
Dryden.
2. A fierce, piercing look or stare.
About them round, A lion now he stalks with fiery glare.
Milton.
3. A viscous, transparent substance. See Glair.
4. A smooth, bright, glassy surface; as, a glare of ice. [U. S. ]
Glare, a. [See Glary, and Glare, n.] Smooth and bright or translucent; -- used almost exclusively of ice; as, skating on glare ice. [U. S.]
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Glar"e*ous (gl‚r"*s), a. [Cf. F. glaireux. See Glair.] Glairy. John Gregory (1766).
{ Glar"i*ness (?), Glar"ing*ness, } n. A dazzling luster or brilliancy.
Glar"ing, a. Clear; notorious; open and bold; barefaced; as, a glaring crime; a glaring mistake. -- Glar"ing*ly, adv.
Glar"y (?), a. Of a dazzling luster; glaring; bright; shining; smooth.
Bright, crystal glass is glary.
Boyle.
Glass (gls), n. [OE. glas, gles, AS. glÊs; akin to D., G., Dan., & Sw. glas, Icel. glas, gler, Dan. glar; cf. AS. glÊr amber, L. glaesum. Cf. Glare, n., Glaze, v. t.]
1. A hard, brittle, translucent, and commonly transparent substance, white or colored, having a conchoidal fracture, and made by fusing together sand or silica with lime, potash, soda, or lead oxide. It is used for window panes and mirrors, for articles of table and culinary use, for lenses, and various articles of ornament.
Glass is variously colored by the metallic oxides; thus, manganese colors it violet; copper (cuprous), red, or (cupric) green; cobalt, blue; uranium, yellowish green or canary yellow; iron, green or brown; gold, purple or red; tin, opaque white; chromium, emerald green; antimony, yellow.
2. (Chem.) Any substance having a peculiar glassy appearance, and a conchoidal fracture, and usually produced by fusion.
3. Anything made of glass. Especially: (a) A looking-glass; a mirror. (b) A vessel filled with running sand for measuring time; an hourglass; and hence, the time in which such a vessel is exhausted of its sand.
She would not live The running of one glass.
Shak.
(c) A drinking vessel; a tumbler; a goblet; hence, the contents of such a vessel; especially; spirituous liquors; as, he took a glass at dinner. (d) An optical glass; a lens; a spyglass; -- in the plural, spectacles; as, a pair of glasses; he wears glasses. (e) A weatherglass; a barometer.
Glass is much used adjectively or in combination; as, glass maker, or glassmaker; glass making or glassmaking; glass blower or glassblower, etc.
Bohemian glass, Cut glass, etc. See under Bohemian, Cut, etc. -- Crown glass, a variety of glass, used for making the finest plate or window glass, and consisting essentially of silicate of soda or potash and lime, with no admixture of lead; the convex half of an achromatic lens is composed of crown glass; -- so called from a crownlike shape given it in the process of blowing. -- Crystal glass, or Flint glass. See Flint glass, in the Vocabulary. -- Cylinder glass, sheet glass made by blowing the glass in the form of a cylinder which is then split longitudinally, opened out, and flattened. -- Glass of antimony, a vitreous oxide of antimony mixed with sulphide. -- Glass blower, one whose occupation is to blow and fashion glass. -- Glass blowing, the art of shaping glass, when reduced by heat to a viscid state, by inflating it through a tube. -- Glass cloth, a woven fabric formed of glass fibers. -- Glass coach, a coach superior to a hackney-coach, hired for the day, or any short period, as a private carriage; -- so called because originally private carriages alone had glass windows. [Eng.] Smart.
Glass coaches are [allowed in English parks from which ordinary hacks are excluded], meaning by this term, which is never used in America, hired carriages that do not go on stands.
J. F. Cooper.
-- Glass cutter. (a) One who cuts sheets of glass into sizes for window panes, ets. (b) One who shapes the surface of glass by grinding and polishing. (c) A tool, usually with a diamond at the point, for cutting glass. -- Glass cutting. (a) The act or process of dividing glass, as sheets of glass into panes with a diamond. (b) The act or process of shaping the surface of glass by appylying it to revolving wheels, upon which sand, emery, and, afterwards, polishing powder, are applied; especially of glass which is shaped into facets, tooth ornaments, and the like. Glass having ornamental scrolls, etc., cut upon it, is said to be engraved. -- Glass metal, the fused material for making glass. -- Glass painting, the art or process of producing decorative effects in glass by painting it with enamel colors and combining the pieces together with slender sash bars of lead or other metal. In common parlance, glass painting and glass staining (see Glass staining, below) are used indifferently for all colored decorative work in windows, and the like. -- Glass paper, paper faced with pulvirezed glass, and used for abrasive purposes. -- Glass silk, fine threads of glass, wound, when in fusion, on rapidly rotating heated cylinders. -- Glass silvering, the process of transforming plate glass into mirrors by coating it with a reflecting surface, a deposit of silver, or a mercury amalgam. - - Glass soap, or Glassmaker's soap, the black oxide of manganese or other substances used by glass makers to take away color from the materials for glass. -- Glass staining, the art or practice of coloring glass in its whole substance, or, in the case of certain colors, in a superficial film only; also, decorative work in glass. Cf. Glass painting. -- Glass tears. See Rupert's drop. -- Glass works, an establishment where glass is made. -- Heavy glass, a heavy optical glass, consisting essentially of a borosilicate of potash. -- Millefiore glass. See Millefiore. -- Plate glass, a fine kind of glass, cast in thick plates, and flattened by heavy rollers, -- used for mirrors and the best windows. -- Pressed glass, glass articles formed in molds by pressure when hot. -- Soluble glass (Chem.), a silicate of sodium or potassium, found in commerce as a white, glassy mass, a stony powder, or dissolved as a viscous, sirupy liquid; -- used for rendering fabrics incombustible, for hardening artificial stone, etc.; -- called also water glass. -- Spun glass, glass drawn into a thread while liquid. -- Toughened glass, Tempered glass, glass finely tempered or annealed, by a peculiar method of sudden cooling by plunging while hot into oil, melted wax, or paraffine, etc.; -- called also, from the name of the inventor of the process, Bastie glass. -- Water glass. (Chem.) See Soluble glass, above. -- Window glass, glass in panes suitable for windows.
Glass, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glassing.] 1. To reflect, as in a mirror; to mirror; -- used reflexively.
Happy to glass themselves in such a mirror.
Motley.
Where the Almighty's form glasses itself in tempests.
Byron.
2. To case in glass. [R.] Shak.
3. To cover or furnish with glass; to glaze. Boyle.
4. To smooth or polish anything, as leater, by rubbing it with a glass burnisher.
Glass"-crab` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The larval state (Phyllosoma) of the genus Palinurus and allied genera. It is remarkable for its strange outlines, thinness, and transparency. See Phyllosoma.
Glass"en (?), a. Glassy; glazed. [Obs.]
And pursues the dice with glassen eyes.
B. Jonson.
Glass"eye` (?), n. 1. (Zoˆl.) A fish of the great lakes; the wall-eyed pike.
2. (Far.) A species of blindness in horses in which the eye is bright and the pupil dilated; a sort of amaurosis. Youatt.
Glass"-faced` (?), a. Mirror- faced; reflecting the sentiments of another. [R.] "The glass-faced flatterer." Shak.
Glass"ful (?), n.; pl. Glassfuls (&?;). The contents of a glass; as much of anything as a glass will hold.
Glass"ful, a. Glassy; shining like glass. [Obs.] "Minerva's glassful shield." Marston.
Glass"-gaz`ing (?), a. Given to viewing one's self in a glass or mirror; finical. [Poetic] Shak.
Glass"house` (?), n. A house where glass is made; a commercial house that deals in glassware.
Glass"i*ly (?), adv. So as to resemble glass.
Glass"i*ness, n. The quality of being glassy.
Glass"ite (?), n. A member of a Scottish sect, founded in the 18th century by John Glass, a minister of the Established Church of Scotland, who taught that justifying faith is "no more than a simple assent to the divine testimone passively recived by the understanding." The English and American adherents of this faith are called Sandemanians, after Robert Sandeman, the son-in-law and disciple of Glass.
Glass" mak`er (?), or Glass"mak`er, n. One who makes, or manufactures, glass. -- Glass" mak`ing, or Glass"mak`ing, n.
Glass"-rope` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A remarkable vitreous sponge, of the genus Hyalonema, first brought from Japan. It has a long stem, consisting of a bundle of long and large, glassy, siliceous fibers, twisted together.
Glass"-snail` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small, transparent, land snail, of the genus Vitrina.
Glass"-snake` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A long, footless lizard (Ophiosaurus ventralis), of the Southern United States; -- so called from its fragility, the tail easily breaking into small pieces. It grows to the length of three feet. The name is applied also to similar species found in the Old World.
Glass"-sponge` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A siliceous sponge, of the genus Hyalonema, and allied genera; -- so called from their glassy fibers or spicules; -- called also vitreous sponge. See Glass-rope, and Euplectella.
Glass"ware (?), n. Ware, or articles collectively, made of glass.
Glass"work` (?), n. Manufacture of glass; articles or ornamentation made of glass.
Glass"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A seashore plant of the Spinach family (Salicornia herbacea), with succulent jointed stems; also, a prickly plant of the same family (Salsola Kali), both formerly burned for the sake of the ashes, which yield soda for making glass and soap.
Glass"y (?), a. 1. Made of glass; vitreous; as, a glassy substance. Bacon.
2. Resembling glass in its properties, as in smoothness, brittleness, or transparency; as, a glassy stream; a glassy surface; the glassy deep.
3. Dull; wanting life or fire; lackluster; -- said of the eyes. "In his glassy eye." Byron.
Glassy feldspar (Min.), a variety of orthoclase; sanidine.
Glas"ton*bur*y thorn` (?). (Bot.) A variety of the common hawthorn. Loudon.
Glas"ynge (?), n. Glazing or glass. [Obs.]
Glau"ber*ite (?), n. [From Glauber, a German chemist, died 1668: cf. F. glaubÈrite, G. glauberit.] (Min.) A mineral, consisting of the sulphates of soda and lime.
Glau"ber's salt` (?) or Glau"ber's salts` (&?;). [G. glaubersalz, from Glauber, a German chemist who discovered it. See Glauberite.] Sulphate of soda, a well- known cathartic. It is a white crystalline substance, with a cooling, slightly bitter taste, and is commonly called "salts."
It occurs naturally and abundantly in some mineral springs, and in many salt deposits, as the mineral mirabilite. It is manufactured in large quantities as an intermediate step in the "soda process," and also for use in glass making.
Glau*ces"cent (?), a. [See Glaucous.] Having a somewhat glaucous appearance or nature; becoming glaucous.
Glau"cic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to the Glaucium or horned poppy; -- formerly applied to an acid derived from it, now known to be fumaric acid.
Glau"cine (?), a. Glaucous or glaucescent.
Glau"cine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid obtained from the plant Glaucium, as a bitter, white, crystalline substance.
Glau"co*dot (?), n. [Gr. glayko`s silvery, gray + dido`nai to give.] (Min.) A metallic mineral having a grayish tin-white color, and containing cobalt and iron, with sulphur and arsenic.
||Glau*co"ma (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. glay`kwma, fr. glayko`s light gray, ||blue gray.] (Med.) Dimness or abolition of sight, with a diminution ||of transparency, a bluish or greenish tinge of the refracting media ||of the eye, and a hard inelastic condition of the eyeball, with ||marked increase of tension within the eyeball.
Glau*co"ma*tous (?), a. Having the nature of glaucoma.
Glau*com"e*ter (?), n. See Gleucometer.
Glau"co*nite (?), n. [Cf. F. glauconite, glauconie, fr. L. glaucus. See Glaucous.] (Min.) The green mineral characteristic of the greensand of the chalk and other formations. It is a hydrous silicate of iron and potash. See Greensand.
Glau"co*phane (?), n. [Gr. glayko`s silvery, gray + fai`nesqai to appear.] (Min.) A mineral of a dark bluish color, related to amphibole. It is characteristic of certain crystalline rocks.
||Glau*co"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. glay`kwsis.] (Med.) Same as ||Glaucoma.
Glau"cous (gl"ks), a. [L. glaucus, Gr. glayko`s.] 1. Of a sea-green color; of a dull green passing into grayish blue. Lindley.
2. (Bot.) Covered with a fine bloom or fine white powder easily rubbed off, as that on a blue plum, or on a cabbage leaf. Gray.
||Glau"cus (?), n. [L., sea green.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of nudibranchiate ||mollusks, found in the warmer latitudes, swimming in the open sea. ||These mollusks are beautifully colored with blue and silvery white.
Glaum (?), v. i. [Etymol. uncertain.] To grope with the hands, as in the dark. [Scot.]
To glaum at, to grasp or snatch at; to aspire to.
Wha glaum'd at kingdoms three.
Burns.
Glave (?), n. See Glaive.
Glav"er (?), v. i. [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. glafr flattery.] 1. To prate; to jabber; to babble. [Obs.]
Here many, clepid filosophirs, glavern diversely.
Wyclif.
2. To flatter; to wheedle. [Obs.]
Some slavish, glavering, flattering parasite.
South.
Glav"er*er (?), n. A flatterer. [Obs.] Mir. for Mag.
Glay"more` (?), n. A claymore. Johnson.
Glaze (glz), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glazed (glzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Glazing.] [OE. glasen, glazen, fr. glas. See Glass.]
1. To furnish (a window, a house, a sash, a case, etc.) with glass.
Two cabinets daintily paved, richly handed, and glazed with crystalline glass.
Bacon.
2. To incrust, cover, or overlay with a thin surface, consisting of, or resembling, glass; as, to glaze earthenware; hence, to render smooth, glasslike, or glossy; as, to glaze paper, gunpowder, and the like.
Sorrow's eye glazed with blinding tears.
Shak.
3. (Paint.) To apply thinly a transparent or semitransparent color to (another color), to modify the effect.
Glaze, v. i. To become glazed of glassy.
Glaze, n. 1. The vitreous coating of pottery or porcelain; anything used as a coating or color in glazing. See Glaze, v. t., 3. Ure.
2. (Cookery) Broth reduced by boiling to a gelatinous paste, and spread thinly over braised dishes.
3. A glazing oven. See Glost oven.
Glaz"en (?), a. [AS. glÊsen.] Resembling glass; glasslike; glazed. [Obs.] Wyclif.
Glaz"er (?), n. 1. One who applies glazing, as in pottery manufacture, etc.; one who gives a glasslike or glossy surface to anything; a calenderer or smoother of cloth, paper, and the like.
2. A tool or machine used in glazing, polishing, smoothing, etc.; amoung cutlers and lapidaries, a wooden wheel covered with emery, or having a band of lead and tin alloy, for polishing cutlery, etc.
Gla"zier (?), n. [From Glaze.] One whose business is to set glass.
Glazier's diamond. See under Diamond.
Glaz"ing (?), n. 1. The act or art of setting glass; the art of covering with a vitreous or glasslike substance, or of polishing or rendering glossy.
2. The glass set, or to be set, in a sash, frame. etc.
3. The glass, glasslike, or glossy substance with which any surface is incrusted or overlaid; as, the glazing of pottery or porcelain, or of paper.
4. (Paint.) Transparent, or semitransparent, colors passed thinly over other colors, to modify the effect.
Glaz"y (?), a. Having a glazed appearance; -- said of the fractured surface of some kinds of pin iron.
Glead (?), n. A live coal. See Gleed. [Archaic]
Gleam (?), v. i. [Cf. OE. glem birdlime, glue, phlegm, and E. englaimed.] (Falconry) To disgorge filth, as a hawk.
Gleam, n. [OE. glem, gleam, AS. glÊm, prob. akin to E. glimmer, and perh. to Gr. &?; warm, &?; to warm. Cf. Glitter.]
1. A shoot of light; a small stream of light; a beam; a ray; a glimpse.
Transient unexpected gleams of joi.
Addison.
At last a gleam Of dawning light turned thitherward in haste His [Satan's] traveled steps.
Milton.
A glimmer, and then a gleam of light.
Longfellow.
2. Brightness; splendor.
In the clear azure gleam the flocks are seen.
Pope.
Gleam, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gleamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gleaming.] 1. To shoot, or dart, as rays of light; as, at the dawn, light gleams in the east.
2. To shine; to cast light; to glitter.
Syn. -- To Gleam, Glimmer, Glitter. To gleam denotes a faint but distinct emission of light. To glimmer describes an indistinct and unsteady giving of light. To glitter imports a brightness that is intense, but varying. The morning light gleams upon the earth; a distant taper glimmers through the mist; a dewdrop glitters in the sun. See Flash.
Gleam, v. t. To shoot out (flashes of light, etc.).
Dying eyes gleamed forth their ashy lights.
Shak.
Gleam"y, a. Darting beams of light; casting light in rays; flashing; coruscating.
In brazed arms, that cast a gleamy ray, Swift through the town the warrior bends his way.
Pope.
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Glean (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gleaned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gleaning.] [OE. glenen, OF. glener, glaner, F. glaner, fr. LL. glenare; cf. W. glan clean, glanh&?;u to clean, purify, or AS. gelm, gilm, a hand&?;ul.]
1. To gather after a reaper; to collect in scattered or fragmentary parcels, as the grain left by a reaper, or grapes left after the gathering.
To glean the broken ears after the man That the main harvest reaps.
Shak.
2. To gather from (a field or vineyard) what is left.
3. To collect with patient and minute labor; to pick out; to obtain.
Content to glean what we can from . . . experiments.
Locke.
Glean, v. i. 1. To gather stalks or ears of grain left by reapers.
And she went, and came, and gleaned in the field after the reapers.
Ruth ii. 3.
2. To pick up or gather anything by degrees.
Piecemeal they this acre first, then that; Glean on, and gather up the whole estate.
Pope.
Glean, n. A collection made by gleaning.
The gleans of yellow thyme distend his thighs.
Dryden.
Glean, n. Cleaning; afterbirth. [Obs.] Holland.
Glean"er (?), n. 1. One who gathers after reapers.
2. One who gathers slowly with labor. Locke.
Glean"ing, n. The act of gathering after reapers; that which is collected by gleaning.
Glenings of natural knowledge.
Cook.
Glebe (?), n. [F. glËbe, L. gleba, glaeba, clod, land, soil.] 1. A lump; a clod.
2. Turf; soil; ground; sod.
Fertile of corn the glebe, of oil, and wine.
Milton.
3. (Eccl. Law) The land belonging, or yielding revenue, to a parish church or ecclesiastical benefice.
Glebe"less, a. Having no glebe.
Gle*bos"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being glebous. [R.]
{ Gleb"ous (?), Gleb"y (?), } a. [Cf. L. glaebosus cloddy.] Pertaining to the glebe; turfy; cloddy; fertile; fruitful. "Gleby land." Prior.
Glede (gld), n. [AS. glida, akin to Icel. glea, Sw. glada. Cf. Glide, v. i.] (Zoˆl.) The common European kite (Milvus ictinus). This name is also sometimes applied to the buzzard. [Written also glead, gled, gleed, glade, and glide.]
Glede, n. [See Gleed.] A live coal. [Archaic]
The cruel ire, red as any glede.
Chaucer.
Glee (gl), n. [OE. gle, gleo, AS. gleÛw, gleÛ, akin to Icel. gl: cf. Gr. chley`n joke, jest.] 1. Music; minstrelsy; entertainment. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. Joy; merriment; mirth; gayety; paricularly, the mirth enjoyed at a feast. Spenser.
3. (Mus.) An unaccompanied part song for three or more solo voices. It is not necessarily gleesome.
Gleed (gld), n. [AS. gld, fr. glwan to glow as a fire; akin to D. gloed, G. glut, Icel. gl. See Glow, v. i.] A live or glowing coal; a glede. [Archaic] Chaucer. Longfellow.
Glee"ful (?), a. Merry; gay; joyous. Shak.
Gleek (?), n. [Prob. fr. Icel. leika to play, play a trick on, with the prefix ge-; akin to AS. gelcan, Sw. leka to play, Dan. lege.]
1. A jest or scoff; a trick or deception. [Obs.]
Where's the Bastard's braves, and Charles his gleeks ?
Shak.
2. [Cf. Glicke] An enticing look or glance. [Obs.]
A pretty gleek coming from Pallas' eye.
Beau. & Fl.
Gleek, v. i. To make sport; to gibe; to sneer; to spend time idly. [Obs.] Shak.
Gleek, n. [OF. glic, G. gl¸ck, fortune. See Luck.]
1. A game at cards, once popular, played by three persons. [Obs.] Pepys. Evelyn.
2. Three of the same cards held in the same hand; -- hence, three of anything. [Obs.]
Glee"man (?), n.; pl. Gleemen (#). [Glee + man; AS. gleÛman.] A name anciently given to an itinerant minstrel or musician.
Gleen (?), v. i. [Cf. Glance, Glint.] To glisten; to gleam. [Obs.] Prior.
Glee"some (?), a. Merry; joyous; gleeful.
Gleet (?), n. [OE. glette, glet, glat, mucus, pus, filth, OF. glete.] (Med.) A transparent mucous discharge from the membrane of the urethra, commonly an effect of gonorrhea. Hoblyn.
Gleet, v. i. 1. To flow in a thin, limpid humor; to ooze, as gleet. Wiseman.
2. To flow slowly, as water. Cheyne.
Gleet"y (?), a. Ichorous; thin; limpid. Wiseman.
Gleg (?), a. [Icel. glˆggr.] Quick of perception; alert; sharp. [Scot.] Jamieson.
Gleire (?), Gleyre, n. See Glair. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Glen (?), n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. glyn a deep valley, Ir. & Gael. gleann valley, glen.] A secluded and narrow valley; a dale; a depression between hills.
And wooes the widow's daughter of the glen.
Spenser.
{ Glen*liv"at (?), Glen*liv"et (?), } n. A kind of Scotch whisky, named from the district in which it was first made. W. E. Aytoun.
Gle"noid (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?; socket of a joint + &?; form; cf. F. glÈnoÔde.] (Anat.) Having the form of a smooth and shallow depression; socketlike; -- applied to several articular surfaces of bone; as, the glenoid cavity, or fossa, of the scapula, in which the head of the humerus articulates.
Gle*noid"al (?), a. (Anat.) Glenoid.
Glent (?), n. & v. See Glint.
Gleu*com"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; must + -meter: cf. F. gleucomËtre.] An instrument for measuring the specific gravity and ascertaining the quantity of sugar contained in must.
Glew (?), n. See Glue. [Obs.]
Gley (?), v. i. [OE. glien, glien, gleien, to shine, to squint; cf. Icel. glj to glitter.] To squint; to look obliquely; to overlook things. [Scot.] Jamieson.
Gley (?), adv. Asquint; askance; obliquely.
Gli"a*din (?), n. [Gr. &?; glue: cf. F. gliadine.] (Chem.) Vegetable glue or gelatin; glutin. It is one of the constituents of wheat gluten, and is a tough, amorphous substance, which resembles animal glue or gelatin.
Glib (glb), a. [Compar. Glibber (?); superl. Glibbest (?).] [Prob. fr. D. glibberen, glippen, to slide, glibberig, glipperig, glib, slippery.]
1. Smooth; slippery; as, ice is glib. [Obs.]
2. Speaking or spoken smoothly and with flippant rapidity; fluent; voluble; as, a glib tongue; a glib speech.
I want that glib and oily art, To speak and purpose not.
Shak.
Syn. -- Slippery; smooth; fluent; voluble; flippant.
Glib, v. t. To make glib. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
Glib, n. [Ir. & Gael. glib a lock of hair.] A thick lock of hair, hanging over the eyes. [Obs.]
The Irish have, from the Scythians, mantles and long glibs, which is a thick curied bush of hair hanging down over their eyes, and monstrously disguising them.
Spenser.
Their wild costume of the glib and mantle.
Southey.
Glib, v. t. [Cf. O. & Prov. E. lib to castrate, geld, Prov. Dan. live, LG. & OD. lubben.] To castrate; to geld; to emasculate. [Obs.] Shak.
Glib"ber*y (?), a. 1. Slippery; changeable. [Obs.]
My love is glibbery; there is no hold on't.
Marston.
2. Moving easily; nimble; voluble. [Obs.]
Thy lubrical and glibbery muse.
B. Jonson.
Glib"ly, adv. In a glib manner; as, to speak glibly.
Glib"ness, n. The quality of being glib.
Glicke (?), n. [Cf. Gleek, n., 2, and Ir. & Gael. glic wise, cunning, crafty.] An ogling look. [Obs.]
Glid"den (?), obs. p. p. of Glide. Chaucer.
{ Glid"der (?), Glid"der*y (?), } a. [Cf. Glide.] Giving no sure footing; smooth; slippery. [Prov. Eng.]
Shingle, slates, and gliddery stones.
R. D. Blackmore.
Glide (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The glede or kite.
Glide, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glided; p. pr. & vb. n. Gliding.] [AS. gldan; akin to D. glijden, OHG. gltan, G. gleiten, Sw. glida, Dan. glide, and prob. to E. glad.]
1. To move gently and smoothly; to pass along without noise, violence, or apparent effort; to pass rapidly and easily, or with a smooth, silent motion, as a river in its channel, a bird in the air, a skater over ice.
The river glideth at his own sweet will.
Wordsworth.
2. (Phon.) To pass with a glide, as the voice.
Glide, n. 1. The act or manner of moving smoothly, swiftly, and without labor or obstruction.
They prey at last ensnared, he dreadful darts, With rapid glide, along the leaning line.
Thomson.
Seeing Orlando, it unlink'd itself, And with indented glides did slip away.
Shak.
2. (Phon.) A transitional sound in speech which is produced by the changing of the mouth organs from one definite position to another, and with gradual change in the most frequent cases; as in passing from the begining to the end of a regular diphthong, or from vowel to consonant or consonant to vowel in a syllable, or from one component to the other of a double or diphthongal consonant (see Guide to Pronunciation, ßß 19, 161, 162). Also (by Bell and others), the vanish (or brief final element) or the brief initial element, in a class of diphthongal vowels, or the brief final or initial part of some consonants (see Guide to Pronunciation, ßß 18, 97, 191).
The on-glide of a vowel or consonant is the glidemade in passing to it, the off-glide, one made in passing from it. Glides of the other sort are distinguished as initial or final, or fore-glides and after-glides. For voice-glide, see Guide to Pronunciation, ßß 17, 95.
Glid"en (?), obs. p. p. of Glide. Chaucer.
Glid"er (?), n. One who, or that which, glides.
Glid"ing*ly, adv. In a gliding manner.
Gliff (?), n. [Cf. OE. gliffen, gliften, to look with fear at.] 1. A transient glance; an unexpected view of something that startles one; a sudden fear. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell.
2. A moment: as, for a gliff. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
Glike (?), n. [See Gleek a jest.] A sneer; a flout. [Obs.]
Glim (?), n. 1. Brightness; splendor. [Obs.]
2. A light or candle. [Slang] Dickens.
Douse the glim, put out the light. [Slang]
Glim"mer (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glimmered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glimmering.] [Akin to G. glimmer a faint, trembling light, mica, glimmern to glimmer, glimmen to shine faintly, glow, Sw. glimma, Dan. glimre, D. glimmen, glimpen. See Gleam a ray, and cf. Glimpse.] To give feeble or scattered rays of light; to shine faintly; to show a faint, unsteady light; as, the glimmering dawn; a glimmering lamp.
The west yet glimmers with some streaks of day.
Shak.
Syn. -- To gleam; to glitter. See Gleam, Flash.
Glim"mer, n. 1. A faint, unsteady light; feeble, scattered rays of light; also, a gleam.
Gloss of satin and glimmer of pearls.
Tennyson.
2. Mica. See Mica. Woodsward.
Glimmer gowk, an owl. [Prov. Eng.] Tennyson.
Glim"mer*ing, n. 1. Faint, unsteady light; a glimmer. South.
2. A faint view or idea; a glimpse; an inkling.
Glimpse (?), n. [For glimse, from the root of glimmer.]
1. A sudden flash; transient luster.
LIght as the lightning glimpse they ran.
Milton.
2. A short, hurried view; a transitory or fragmentary perception; a quick sight.
Here hid by shrub wood, there by glimpses seen.
S. Rogers.
3. A faint idea; an inkling.
Glimpse (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glimpsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glimpsing.] to appear by glimpses; to catch glimpses. Drayton.
Glimpse, v. t. To catch a glimpse of; to see by glimpses; to have a short or hurried view of.
Some glimpsing and no perfect sight.
Chaucer.
Glint (?), n. [OE. glent.] A glimpse, glance, or gleam. [Scot.] "He saw a glint of light." Ramsay.
Glint, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Glinting.] [OE. glenten. Cf. Glance, v. i., Glitter, v. i.] To glance; to peep forth, as a flower from the bud; to glitter. Burns.
Glint, v. t. To glance; to turn; as, to glint the eye.
||Gli*o"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; glue + -oma.] (Med.) A tumor ||springing from the neuroglia or connective tissue of the brain, ||spinal cord, or other portions of the nervous system.
||Gli"res (?), n. pl. [L., dormice.] (Zoˆl.) An order of mammals; the ||Rodentia. -- Gli"rine (#), a.
||Glis`sade" (?), n. [F., fr. glisser to slip.] A sliding, as down a ||snow slope in the Alps. Tyndall.
Glis*san"do (?), n. & a. [As if It. = Fr. glissant sliding.] (Mus.) A gliding effect; gliding.
||Glis*sette" (?), n. [F., fr. glisser to slip.] (Math.) The locus ||described by any point attached to a curve that slips continuously on ||another fixed curve, the movable curve having no rotation at any ||instant.
Glist (?), n. [From Glisten.] Glimmer; mica.
Glis"ten (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glistened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glistening (?).] [OE. glistnian, akin to glisnen, glisien, AS. glisian, glisnian, akin to E. glitter. See Glitter, v. i., and cf. Glister, v. i.] To sparkle or shine; especially, to shine with a mild, subdued, and fitful luster; to emit a soft, scintillating light; to gleam; as, the glistening stars.
Syn. -- See Flash.
Glis"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glistered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glistering.] [OE. glistren; akin to G. glistern,glinstern, D. glinsteren, and E. glisten. See Glisten.] To be bright; to sparkle; to be brilliant; to shine; to glisten; to glitter.
All that glisters is not gold.
Shak.
Glis"ter, n. Glitter; luster.
Glis"ter, n. [Cf. OF. glistere.] Same as Clyster.
Glis"ter*ing*ly, adv. In a glistering manner.
Glit"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glittered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glittering.] [OE. gliteren; akin to Sw. glittra, Icel. glitra, glita, AS. glitenian, OS. gltan, OHG. glzzan, G. gleissen, Goth. glitmunjan, and also to E. glint, glisten, and prob. glance, gleam.]
1. To sparkle with light; to shine with a brilliant and broken light or showy luster; to gleam; as, a glittering sword.
The field yet glitters with the pomp of war.
Dryden.
2. To be showy, specious, or striking, and hence attractive; as, the glittering scenes of a court.
Syn. -- To gleam; to glisten; to shine; to sparkle; to glare. See Gleam, Flash.
Glit"ter, n. A bright, sparkling light; brilliant and showy luster; brilliancy; as, the glitter of arms; the glitter of royal equipage. Milton.
Glit"ter*and (?), a. Glittering. [Obs.] Spenser.
Glit"ter*ing*ly, adv. In a glittering manner.
Gloam (?), v. i. [See Gloom, Glum.]
1. To begin to grow dark; to grow dusky.
2. To be sullen or morose. [Obs.]
Gloam, n. The twilight; gloaming. [R.] Keats.
Gloam"ing, n. [See Gloom.] 1. Twilight; dusk; the fall of the evening. [Scot. & North of Eng., and in poetry.] Hogg.
2. Sullenness; melancholy. [Obs.] J. Still.
Gloar (?), v. i. [OD. gloeren, glueren, gluyeren. Cf. Glower.] To squint; to stare. [Obs.]
Gloat (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gloated; p. pr. & vb. n. Gloating.] [Akin to Icel. glotta to smile scornfully, G. glotzen to gloat.] To look steadfastly; to gaze earnestly; -- usually in a bad sense, to gaze with malignant satisfaction, passionate desire, lust, or avarice.
In vengeance gloating on another's pain.
Byron.
Glo"bard (?), n. [OE. globerde, from glow.] A glowworm. [>Obs.] Holland.
{ Glo"bate (?), Glo"ba*ted (?), } a. [L. globatus, p. p. of globare to make into a ball, fr. globus ball.] Having the form of a globe; spherical.
Globe (?), n. [L. globus, perh. akin to L. glomus a ball of yarn, and E. clump, golf: cf. F. globe.]
1. A round or spherical body, solid or hollow; a body whose surface is in every part equidistant from the center; a ball; a sphere.
2. Anything which is nearly spherical or globular in shape; as, the globe of the eye; the globe of a lamp.
3. The earth; the terraqueous ball; -- usually preceded by the definite article. Locke.
4. A round model of the world; a spherical representation of the earth or heavens; as, a terrestrial or celestial globe; -- called also artificial globe.
5. A body of troops, or of men or animals, drawn up in a circle; -- a military formation used by the Romans, answering to the modern infantry square.
Him round A globe of fiery seraphim inclosed.
Milton.
Globe amaranth (Bot.), a plant of the genus Gomphrena (G. globosa), bearing round heads of variously colored flowers, which long retain color when gathered. -- Globe animalcule, a small, globular, locomotive organism (Volvox globator), once throught to be an animal, afterward supposed to be a colony of microscopic algÊ. -- Globe of compression (Mil.), a kind of mine producing a wide crater; -- called also overcharged mine. -- Globe daisy (Bot.), a plant or flower of the genus Globularing, common in Europe. The flowers are minute and form globular heads. -- Globe sight, a form of front sight placed on target rifles. -- Globe slater (Zoˆl.), an isopod crustacean of the genus Spheroma. -- Globe thistle (Bot.), a thistlelike plant with the flowers in large globular heads (Cynara Scolymus); also, certain species of the related genus Echinops. -- Globe valve. (a) A ball valve. (b) A valve inclosed in a globular chamber. Knight.
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Syn. -- Globe, Sphere, Orb, Ball. -- Globe denotes a round, and usually a solid body; sphere is the term applied in astronomy to such a body, or to the concentric spheres or orbs of the old astronomers; orb is used, especially in poetry, for globe or sphere, and also for the pathway of a heavenly body; ball is applied to the heavenly bodies concieved of as impelled through space.
Globe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Globed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Globing.] To gather or form into a globe.
Globe"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A plectognath fish of the genera Diodon, Tetrodon, and allied genera. The globefishes can suck in water or air and distend the body to a more or less globular form. Called also porcupine fish, and sea hedgehog. See Diodon.
Globe"flow`er (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Trollius (T. EuropÊus), found in the mountainous parts of Europe, and producing handsome globe-shaped flowers. (b) The American plant Trollius laxus.
Japan globeflower. See Corchorus.
Globe"-shaped` (?), a. Shaped like a globe.
Glo*bif"er*ous (?), a. [Globe + -ferous.] (Zoˆl.) Having a round or globular tip.
||Glo*big`e*ri"na (?), n.; pl. GlobigerinÊ (#). [NL., fr. L. globus a ||round body + gerere to bear.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of small Foraminifera, ||which live abundantly at or near the surface of the sea. Their dead ||shells, falling to the bottom, make up a large part of the soft mud, ||generally found in depths below 3,000 feet, and called globigerina ||ooze. See Illust. of Foraminifera.
Glo*bose" (?), a. [L. globosus.] Having a rounded form resembling that of a globe; globular, or nearly so; spherical. Milton.
Glo*bose"ly, adv. In a globular manner; globularly.
Glo*bos"i*ty (?), n. [L. globositas: cf. F. globositÈ.] Sphericity. Ray.
Glo"bous (?), a. [See Globose.] Spherical. Milton.
Glob"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. globulaire.] Globe-shaped; having the form of a ball or sphere; spherical, or nearly so; as, globular atoms. Milton.
Globular chart, a chart of the earth's surface constructed on the principles of the globular projection. -- Globular projection (Map Projection), a perspective projection of the surface of a hemisphere upon a plane parallel to the base of the hemisphere, the point of sight being taken in the axis produced beyond the surface of the opposite hemisphere a distance equal to the radius of the sphere into the sine of 45∞. -- Globular sailing, sailing on the arc of a great circle, or so as to make the shortest distance between two places; circular sailing.
Glob`u*lar"i*ty (?), n. The state of being globular; globosity; sphericity.
Glob"u*lar*ly (?), adv. Spherically.
Glob"u*lar*ness, n. Sphericity; globosity.
Glob"ule (?), n. [L. globulus, dim. of globus globe: cf. F. globule.] 1. A little globe; a small particle of matter, of a spherical form.
Globules of snow.
Sir I. Newton.
These minute globules [a mole's eyes] are sunk . . . deeply in the skull.
Paley.
2. (Biol.) A minute spherical or rounded structure; as blood, lymph, and pus corpuscles, minute fungi, spores, etc.
3. A little pill or pellet used by homeopathists.
Glob"u*let (?), n. A little globule. Crabb.
Glob`u*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Globule + -ferous.] Bearing globules; in geology, used of rocks, and denoting a variety of concretionary structure, where the concretions are isolated globules and evenly distributed through the texture of the rock.
Glob`u*lim"e*ter (?), n. [Globule + -meter.] (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the number of red blood corpuscles in the blood.
The method depends on the differences of tint obtained by mixing a sample of the blood with sodium carbonate solution.
Glob"u*lin (?), n. [From Globule: cf. F. globuline.] (Phisiol. Chem.) An albuminous body, insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute solutions of salt. It is present in the red blood corpuscles united with hÊmatin to form hÊmoglobin. It is also found in the crystalline lens of the eye, and in blood serum, and is sometimes called crystallin. In the plural the word is applied to a group of proteid substances such as vitellin, myosin, fibrinogen, etc., all insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute salt solutions.
Glob"u*lite (?), n. [See Globule.] (Min.) A rudimentary form of crystallite, spherical in shape.
Glob"u*lous (?), a. [Cf. F. globuleux.] Globular; spherical; orbicular. -- Glob"u*lous*ness, n.
Glob"y (?), a. Resembling, or pertaining to, a globe; round; orbicular. "The globy sea." Milton.
Glo*chid"i*ate (?), a. [Gr. &?; point of an arrow.] (Bot.) Having barbs; as, glochidiate bristles. Gray.
||Glo*chid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Glochidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the point ||of an arrow.] (Zoˆl.) The larva or young of the mussel, formerly ||thought to be a parasite upon the parent's gills.
Glode (?), obs. imp. of Glide. Chaucer.
{ Glombe (?), Glome (?), } v. i. To gloom; to look gloomy, morose, or sullen. [Obs.] Surrey.
Glome (?), n. Gloom. [Obs.]
Glome (?), n. [L. glomus a ball. Cf. Globe.] (Anat.) One of the two prominences at the posterior extremity of the frog of the horse's foot.
Glom"er*ate (?), a. [L. glomeratus, p. p. of glomerare to glomerate, from glomus. See 3d Glome.] Gathered together in a roundish mass or dense cluster; conglomerate.
Glom"er*ate (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Glomerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glomerating (?).] To gather or wind into a ball; to collect into a spherical form or mass, as threads.
Glom`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. glomeratio.]
1. The act of forming or gathering into a ball or round mass; the state of being gathered into a ball; conglomeration.
2. That which is formed into a ball; a ball. Bacon.
Glom"er*ous (?), a. [L. glomerosus, fr. glomus. See 3d Glome.] Gathered or formed into a ball or round mass. [Obs.] Blount.
Glom"er*ule (?), n. [Dim. fr. L. glomus ball.]
1. (Bot.) A head or dense cluster of flowers, formed by condensation of a cyme, as in the flowering dogwood.
2. (Anat.) A glomerulus.
||Glo*mer"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Glomeruli (#). [NL., dim. of L. glomus. ||See 3d Glome.] (Anat.) The bunch of looped capillary blood vessels in ||a Malpighian capsule of the kidney.
Glom`u*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. glomus a ball + -ferous.] (Biol.) Having small clusters of minutely branched coral-like excrescences. M. C. Cooke.
{ Glon"o*in Glon"o*ine } (?), n. [Glycerin + oxygen + nitrogen + -in, -ine.]
1. Same as Nitroglycerin; -- called also oil of glonoin. [Obs.]
2. (Med.) A dilute solution of nitroglycerin used as a neurotic.
Gloom (glm), n. [AS. glm twilight, from the root of E. glow. See Glow, and cf. Glum, Gloam.]
1. Partial or total darkness; thick shade; obscurity; as, the gloom of a forest, or of midnight.
2. A shady, gloomy, or dark place or grove.
Before a gloom of stubborn-shafted oaks.
Tennyson .
3. Cloudiness or heaviness of mind; melancholy; aspect of sorrow; low spirits; dullness.
A sullen gloom and furious disorder prevailed by fits.
Burke.
4. In gunpowder manufacture, the drying oven.
Syn. -- Darkness; dimness; obscurity; heaviness; dullness; depression; melancholy; dejection; sadness. See Darkness.
Gloom, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gloomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glooming.] 1. To shine or appear obscurely or imperfectly; to glimmer.
2. To become dark or dim; to be or appear dismal, gloomy, or sad; to come to the evening twilight.
The black gibbet glooms beside the way.
Goldsmith.
[This weary day] . . . at last I see it gloom.
Spenser.
Gloom, v. t. 1. To render gloomy or dark; to obscure; to darken.
A bow window . . . gloomed with limes.
Walpole.
A black yew gloomed the stagnant air.
Tennyson.
2. To fill with gloom; to make sad, dismal, or sullen.
Such a mood as that which lately gloomed Your fancy.
Tennison.
What sorrows gloomed that parting day.
Goldsmith.
Gloom"i*ly (?), adv. In a gloomy manner.
Gloom"i*ness, n. State of being gloomy. Addison.
Gloom"ing, n. [Cf. Gloaming.] Twilight (of morning or evening); the gloaming.
When the faint glooming in the sky First lightened into day.
Trench.
The balmy glooming, crescent-lit.
Tennyson.
Gloomth (?), n. Gloom. [R.] Walpole.
Gloom"y (?), a. [Compar. Gloomier (?); superl. Gloomiest.] 1. Imperfectly illuminated; dismal through obscurity or darkness; dusky; dim; clouded; as, the cavern was gloomy. "Though hid in gloomiest shade." Milton.
2. Affected with, or expressing, gloom; melancholy; dejected; as, a gloomy temper or countenance.
Syn. -- Dark; dim; dusky; dismal; cloudy; moody; sullen; morose; melancholy; sad; downcast; depressed; dejected; disheartened.
Glop"pen (glp"pen), v. t. & i. [OE. glopnen to be frightened, frighten: cf. Icel. glpna to look downcast.] To surprise or astonish; to be startled or astonished. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Glore (?), v. i. [See Gloar.] To glare; to glower. [Obs.] Halliwell.
||Glo"ri*a (?), n. [L., glory.] (Eccl.) (a) A doxology (beginning ||Gloria Patri, Glory be to the Father), sung or said at the end of the ||Psalms in the service of the Roman Catholic and other churches. (b) A ||portion of the Mass (Gloria in Excelsis Deo, Glory be to God on ||high), and also of the communion service in some churches. In the ||Episcopal Church the version in English is used. (c) The musical ||setting of a gloria.
Glo`ri*a"tion (?), n. [L. gloriatio, from gloriari to glory, boast, fr. gloria glory. See Glory, n.] Boast; a triumphing. [Obs.] Bp. Richardson.
Internal gloriation or triumph of the mind.
Hobbes.
Glo"ried (?), a. [See Glory.] Illustrious; honorable; noble. [Obs.] Milton.
Glo`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. glorificatio: cf. F. glorification. See Glorify.] 1. The act of glorifying or of giving glory to. Jer. Taylor.
2. The state of being glorifed; as, the glorification of Christ after his resurrection.
Glo"ri*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glorified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glorifying.] [F. glorifier, L. glorificare; gloria glory + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See - fy.]
1. To make glorious by bestowing glory upon; to confer honor and distinction upon; to elevate to power or happiness, or to celestial glory.
Jesus was not yet glorified.
John vii. 39.
2. To make glorious in thought or with the heart, by ascribing glory to; to acknowledge the excellence of; to render homage to; to magnify in worship; to adore.
That we for thee may glorify the Lord.
Shak.
Glo"ri*ole (?), n. [L. gloriola a small glory, dim. of gloria glory.] An aureole. [R.] Msr. Browning.
||Glo`ri*o"sa (?), n. [Nl., fr. L. gloriosus. See Glorious.] (Bot.) A ||genus of climbing plants with very showy lilylike blossoms, natives ||of India.
Glo`ri*o"ser (?), n. [From L. gloriosus boastful.] A boaster. [Obs.] Greene.
||Glo`ri*o"so (?), n. [It.] A boaster. [Obs.] Fuller.
Glo"ri*ous (?), a. [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux, fr. L. gloriosus. See Glory, n.]
1. Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; as, glorious deeds.
These are thy glorious works, Parent of good !
Milton.
2. Eager for glory or distinction; haughty; boastful; ostentatious; vainglorious. [Obs.]
Most miserable Is the desire that's glorious.
Shak.
3. Ecstatic; hilarious; elated with drink. [Colloq.]
kings may be blest, but Tam was glorious, O'er all the ills of life victorious.
Burns.
During his office treason was no crime, The sons of Belial had a glorious time.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Eniment; noble; excellent; renowned; illustrious; celebrated; magnificent; grand; splendid.
-- Glo"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Glo"ri*ous*ness, n. Udall.
Sing ye to the Lord, for he hath triumphed gloriously.
Ex. xv. 21.
I speak it not gloriously, nor out of affectation.
B. Jonson.
Glo"ry (gl"r; 111), n. [OE. glorie, OF. glorie, gloire, F. gloire, fr. L. gloria; prob. akin to Gr. kle`os, Skr. Áravas glory, praise, Áru to hear. See Loud.]
1. Praise, honor, admiration, or distinction, accorded by common consent to a person or thing; high reputation; honorable fame; renown.
Glory to God in the highest.
Luke ii. 14.
Spread his glory through all countries wide.
Spenser.
2. That quality in a person or thing which secures general praise or honor; that which brings or gives renown; an object of pride or boast; the occasion of praise; excellency; brilliancy; splendor.
Think it no glory to swell in tyranny.
Sir P. Sidney.
Jewels lose their glory if neglected.
Shak.
Your sex's glory 't is to shine unknown.
Young.
3. Pride; boastfulness; arrogance.
In glory of thy fortunes.
Chapman.
4. The presence of the Divine Being; the manifestations of the divine nature and favor to the blessed in heaven; celestial honor; heaven.
Thou shalt guide me with thy counsel, and afterward receive me to glory.
Ps. lxxiii. 24.
5. An emanation of light supposed to proceed from beings of peculiar sanctity. It is represented in art by rays of gold, or the like, proceeding from the head or body, or by a disk, or a mere line.
This is the general term; when confined to the head it is properly called nimbus; when encircling the whole body, aureola or aureole.
Glory hole, an opening in the wall of a glass furnace, exposing the brilliant white light of the interior. Knight. -- Glory pea (Bot.), the name of two leguminous plants (Clianthus Dampieri and C. puniceus) of Australia and New Zeland. They have showy scarlet or crimson flowers. -- Glory tree (Bot.), a name given to several species of the verbenaceous genus Clerodendron, showy flowering shrubs of tropical regions.
Glo"ry, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gloried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glorying.] [OE. glorien, OF. glorier, fr. L. gloriari, fr. gloria glory. See Glory, n.]
1. To exult with joy; to rejoice.
Glory ye in his holy name.
Ps. cv.&?;
2. To boast; to be proud.
God forbid that I should glory, save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Gal. vi. 14
No one . . . should glory in his prosperity.
Richardson.
Glose (?), n. & v. See Gloze. Chaucer.
Glos"er (?), n. See Glosser.
Gloss (gls), n. [Cf. Icel. glossi a blaze, glys finery, MHG. glosen to glow, G. glosten to glimmer; perh. akin to E. glass.] 1. Brightness or luster of a body proceeding from a smooth surface; polish; as, the gloss of silk; cloth is calendered to give it a gloss.
It is no part . . . to set on the face of this cause any fairer gloss than the naked truth doth afford.
Hooker.
2. A specious appearance; superficial quality or show.
To me more dear, congenial to my heart, One native charm than all the gloss of art.
Goldsmith.
Gloss, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glossed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glossing.] To give a superficial luster or gloss to; to make smooth and shining; as, to gloss cloth.
The glossed and gleamy wave.
J. R. Drake.
Gloss, n. [OE. glose, F. glose, L. glossa a difficult word needing explanation, fr. Gr. &?; tongue, language, word needing explanation. Cf. Gloze, Glossary, Glottis.]
1. A foreign, archaic, technical, or other uncommon word requiring explanation. [Obs.]
2. An interpretation, consisting of one or more words, interlinear or marginal; an explanatory note or comment; a running commentary.
All this, without a gloss or comment, He would unriddle in a moment.
Hudibras.
Explaining the text in short glosses.
T. Baker.
3. A false or specious explanation. Dryden.
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Gloss (gls), v. t. 1. To render clear and evident by comments; to illustrate; to explain; to annotate.
2. To give a specious appearance to; to render specious and plausible; to palliate by specious explanation.
You have the art to gloss the foulest cause.
Philips.
Gloss (?), v. i. 1. To make comments; to comment; to explain. Dryden.
2. To make sly remarks, or insinuations. Prior.
||Glos"sa (?), n.; pl. GlossÊ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the tongue.] ||(Zoˆl.) The tongue, or lingua, of an insect. See Hymenoptera.
Glos"sal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the tongue; lingual.
Glos*san"thrax (?), n. [Gr. &?; tongue + E. anthrax: cf. F. glossanthrax.] A disease of horses and cattle accompanied by carbuncles in the mouth and on the tongue.
Glos*sa"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to glosses or to a glossary; containing a glossary.
Glos*sa"ri*al*ly, adv. In the manner of a glossary.
Glos"sa*rist (?), n. A writer of glosses or of a glossary; a commentator; a scholiast. Tyrwhitt.
Glos"sa*ry (?), n.; pl. Gossaries (#). [L. glossarium, fr. glossa: cf. F. glossaire. See 3d Gloss.] A collection of glosses or explanations of words and passages of a work or author; a partial dictionary of a work, an author, a dialect, art, or science, explaining archaic, technical, or other uncommon words.
||Glos*sa"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Glossa.] (Zoˆl.) The Lepidoptera.
Glos*sa"tor (?), n. [LL. See 3d Gloss.] A writer of glosses or comments; a commentator. [R.] "The . . . glossators of Aristotle." Milman.
Gloss"er (?), n. [See lst Gloss.] A polisher; one who gives a luster.
Gloss"er, n. [See 3d Gloss.] A writer of glosses; a scholiast; a commentator. L. Addison.
Glos"sic (gls"sk), n. [L. glossa a word requiring a gloss. See 3d Gloss.] A system of phonetic spelling based upon the present values of English letters, but invariably using one symbol to represent one sound only.
Ingglish Glosik konvai∑z hwotev∑er proanusiai∑shon iz inten∑ded bei dhi reiter.
A. J. Ellis.
Gloss"i*ly (?), adv. In a glossy manner.
Gloss"i*ness, n. [From Glossy.] The condition or quality of being glossy; the luster or brightness of a smooth surface. Boyle.
Gloss"ist, n. A writer of comments. [Obs.] Milton.
||Glos*si"tis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; tongue + -itis.] (Med.) ||Inflammation of the tongue.
Gloss"ly (?), adv. Like gloss; specious. Cowley.
||Glos*soc"o*mon (?), n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?; a kind of case.] A kind of ||hoisting winch.
Glos`so*ep`i*glot"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; tongue + E. epiglottic.] (Anat.) Pertaining to both tongue and epiglottis; as, glossoepiglottic folds.
Glos"sog"ra*pher (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; tongue + &?; to write. See 3d Gloss.] A writer of a glossary; a commentator; a scholiast. Hayward.
Glos`so*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to glossography.
Glos"sog"ra*phy (?), n. [See Glossographer.] The writing of glossaries, glosses, or comments for illustrating an author.
Glos`so*hy"al (?), a. [Gr. &?; the tongue + the letter &?;.] (Anat.) Pertaining to both the hyoidean arch and the tongue; -- applied to the anterior segment of the hyoidean arch in many fishes. -- n. The glossohyal bone or cartilage; lingual bone; entoglossal bone.
{ ||Glos`so*la"li*a (?), Glos*sol"a*ly (?), } n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; tongue + &?; talk: cf. F. glossolalie.] The gift of tongues. Farrar.
Glos`so*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to glossology.
Glos*sol"o*gist (?), n. One who defines and explains terms; one who is versed in glossology.
Glos*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; tongue + -logy: cf. F. glossologie. See 3d Gloss.] 1. The definition and explanation of terms; a glossary.
2. The science of language; comparative philology; linguistics; glottology.
Glos`so*phar`yn*ge"al (gls"d*fr`n*j"al or -f*rn"j*al), a. [Gr. glw^ssa the tongue + E. pharyngeal.] (Anat.) Pertaining to both the tongue and the pharynx; -- applied especially to the ninth pair of cranial nerves, which are distributed to the pharynx and tongue. -- n. One of the glossopharyngeal nerves.
Gloss"y (gls"), a. [Compar. Glossier (-*r); superl. Glossiest.] [See Gloss luster.] 1. Smooth and shining; reflecting luster from a smooth surface; highly polished; lustrous; as, glossy silk; a glossy surface.
2. Smooth; specious; plausible; as, glossy deceit.
Glost" ov`en (?). An oven in which glazed pottery is fired; -- also called glaze kiln, or glaze.
Glot"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to, or produced by, the glottis; glottic.
Glottal catch, an effect produced upon the breath or voice by a sudden opening or closing of the glotts. Sweet.
{ Glot"tic (?), Glot*tid"e*an (?), } a. Of or pertaining to the glottis; glottal.
Glot"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, from &?;, &?;, the tongue. See Gloss an explanatory remark.] (Anat.) The opening from the pharynx into the larynx or into the trachea. See Larynx.
Glot`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to glottology.
Glot*tol"o*gist (?), n. A linguist; a philologist.
Glot*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, the tongue + -logy.] The science of tongues or languages; comparative philology; glossology.
Glout (?), v. i. [Scot. Cf. Gloat.] To pout; to look sullen. [Obs.] Garth.
Glout (?), v. t. To view attentively; to gloat on; to stare at. [Obs.] Wright.
Glove (glv), n. [OE. glove, glofe, AS. glf; akin to Icel. glfi, cf. Goth. lfa palm of the hand, Icel. lfi.]
1. A cover for the hand, or for the hand and wrist, with a separate sheath for each finger. The latter characteristic distinguishes the glove from the mitten.
2. A boxing glove.
Boxing glove. See under Boxing. -- Glove fight, a pugilistic contest in which the fighters wear boxing gloves. -- Glove money or silver. (a) A tip or gratuity to servants, professedly to buy gloves with. (b) (Eng. Law.) A reward given to officers of courts; also, a fee given by the sheriff of a county to the clerk of assize and judge's officers, when there are no offenders to be executed. -- Glove sponge (Zoˆl.), a fine and soft variety of commercial sponges (Spongia officinalis). -- To be hand and glove with, to be intimately associated or on good terms with. "Hand and glove with traitors." J. H. Newman. -- To handle without gloves, to treat without reserve or tenderness; to deal roughly with. [Colloq.] -- To take up the glove, to accept a challenge or adopt a quarrel. -- To throw down the glove, to challenge to combat.
Glove, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gloved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gloving.] To cover with, or as with, a glove.
Glov"er (?), n. One whose trade it is to make or sell gloves.
Glover's suture or stitch, a kind of stitch used in sewing up wounds, in which the thread is drawn alternately through each side from within outward.
Glow (gl), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glowed (gld); p. pr. & vb. n. Glowing.] [AS. glwan; akin to D. gloeijen, OHG. gluoen, G. gl¸hen, Icel. gla, Dan. gloende glowing. √94. Cf. Gloom.]
1. To shine with an intense or white heat; to give forth vivid light and heat; to be incandescent.
Glows in the stars, and blossoms in the trees.
Pope.
2. To exhibit a strong, bright color; to be brilliant, as if with heat; to be bright or red with heat or animation, with blushes, etc.
Clad in a gown that glows with Tyrian rays.
Dryden.
And glow with shame of your proceedings.
Shak.
3. To feel hot; to have a burning sensation, as of the skin, from friction, exercise, etc.; to burn.
Did not his temples glow In the same sultry winds and acrching heats?
Addison.
The cord slides swiftly through his glowing hands.
Gay.
4. To feel the heat of passion; to be animated, as by intense love, zeal, anger, etc.; to rage, as passior; as, the heart glows with love, zeal, or patriotism.
With pride it mounts, and with revenge it glows.
Dryden.
Burns with one love, with one resentment glows.
Pope.
Glow, v. t. To make hot; to flush. [Poetic]
Fans, whose wind did seem To glow the delicate cheeks which they did cool.
Shak.
Glow, n. 1. White or red heat; incandscence.
2. Brightness or warmth of color; redness; a rosy flush; as, the glow of health in the cheeks.
3. Intense excitement or earnestness; vehemence or heat of passion; ardor.
The red glow of scorn.
Shak.
4. Heat of body; a sensation of warmth, as that produced by exercise, etc.
Glow"bard (?), n. [See Globard.] The glowworm. [Obs.]
Glow"er (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glowered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glowering.] [Cf. Gloar.] to look intently; to stare angrily or with a scowl. Thackeray.
Glow"ing*ly (?), adv. In a glowing manner; with ardent heat or passion.
Glow"lamp` (?), n. 1. (Chem.) An aphlogistic lamp. See Aphlogistic.
2. (Elect.) An incandescent lamp. See Incandescent, a.
Glow"worm` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A coleopterous insect of the genus Lampyris; esp., the wingless females and larvÊ of the two European species (L. noctiluca, and L. splendidula), which emit light from some of the abdominal segments.
Like a glowworm in the night, The which hath fire in darkness, none in light.
Shak.
The male is winged, and is supposed to be attracted by the light of the female. In America, the luminous larvÊ of several species of fireflies and fire beetles are called glowworms. Both sexes of these are winged when mature. See Firefly.
||Glox*in"i*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) American genus of herbaceous plants ||with very handsome bell-shaped blossoms; -- named after B. P. Gloxin, ||a German botanist.
Gloze (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glozed(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glozing.] [OE. glosen, F. gloser. See gloss explanation.]
1. To flatter; to wheedle; to fawn; to talk smoothly. Chaucer.
A false, glozing parasite.
South.
So glozed the tempter, and his proem tuned.
Milton.
2. To give a specious or false meaning; to ministerpret. Shak.
Gloze, v. t. To smooth over; to palliate.
By glozing the evil that is in the world.
I. Taylor.
Gloze, n. 1. Flattery; adulation; smooth speech.
Now to plain dealing; lay these glozes by.
Shak.
2. Specious show; gloss. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.
Gloz"er (?), n. A flatterer. [Obs.] Gifford (1580).
Glu"cic (?), a. [Gr. &?; sweet.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, sugar; as, glucic acid.
Glu*ci"na (?), n. [Cf. F. glycine, glucine. So called because it forms sweet salts. See Glucinum.] (Chem.) A white or gray tasteless powder, the oxide of the element glucinum; -- formerly called glucine.
Glu*cin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, glucinum; as, glucinic oxide.
Glu*ci"num (?), n. [Cf. F. glucinium, glycium, fr. Gr. &?;, sweet. Cf. Glycerin.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element, of a silver white color, and low specific gravity (2.1), resembling magnesium. It never occurs naturally in the free state, but is always combined, usually with silica or alumina, or both; as in the minerals phenacite, chrysoberyl, beryl or emerald, euclase, and danalite. It was named from its oxide glucina, which was known long before the element was isolated. Symbol Gl. Atomic weight 9.1. Called also beryllium. [Formerly written also glucinium.]
Glu"co*gen (?), n. [R.] See Glycogen.
Glu`co*gen"e*sis (?), n. Glycogenesis. [R.]
Glu*con"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, glucose.
Gluconic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, obtained as a colorless, sirupy liquid, by the oxidation of glucose; -- called also maltonic acid, and dextronic acid.
Glu"cose` (?), n. [Gr. &?; sweet. Cf. Glycerin.]
1. A variety of sugar occurring in nature very abundantly, as in ripe grapes, and in honey, and produced in great quantities from starch, etc., by the action of heat and acids. It is only about half as sweet as cane sugar. Called also dextrose, grape sugar, diabetic sugar, and starch sugar. See Dextrose.
2. (Chem.) Any one of a large class of sugars, isometric with glucose proper, and including levulose, galactose, etc.
3. The trade name of a sirup, obtained as an uncrystallizable reside in the manufacture of glucose proper, and containing, in addition to some dextrose or glucose, also maltose, dextrin, etc. It is used as a cheap adulterant of sirups, beers, etc.
Glu"co*side (?), n. [See Glucose.] (Chem.) One of a large series of amorphous or crystalline substances, occurring very widely distributed in plants, rarely in animals, and regarded as influental agents in the formation and disposition of the sugars. They are frequently of a bitter taste, but, by the action of ferments, or of dilute acids and alkalies, always break down into some characteristic substance (acid, aldehyde, alcohol, phenole, or alkaloid) and glucose (or some other sugar); hence the name. They are of the nature of complex and compound ethers, and ethereal salts of the sugar carbohydrates.
||Glu`co*su"ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. E. glucose + Gr. &?; urine.] (Med.) ||A condition in which glucose is discharged in the urine; diabetes ||mellitus.
Glue (gl), n. [F. glu, L. glus, akin to gluten, from gluere to draw together. Cf. Gluten.] A hard brittle brownish gelatin, obtained by boiling to a jelly the skins, hoofs, etc., of animals. When gently heated with water, it becomes viscid and tenaceous, and is used as a cement for uniting substances. The name is also given to other adhesive or viscous substances.
Bee glue. See under Bee. -- Fish glue, a strong kind of glue obtained from fish skins and bladders; isinglass. -- Glue plant (Bot.), a fucoid seaweed (Gloiopeltis tenax). -- Liquid glue, a fluid preparation of glue and acetic acid or alcohol. -- Marine glue, a solution of caoutchouc in naphtha, with shellac, used in shipbuilding.
Glue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gluing.] [F. gluer. See Glue, n.] To join with glue or a viscous substance; to cause to stick or hold fast, as if with glue; to fix or fasten.
This cold, congealed blood That glues my lips, and will not let me speak.
Shak.
Glue"pot` (?), n. A utensil for melting glue, consisting of an inner pot holding the glue, immersed in an outer one containing water which is heated to soften the glue.
Glu"er (?), n. One who cements with glue.
Glu"ey (?), a. Viscous; glutinous; of the nature of, or like, glue.
Glu"ey*ness, n. Viscidity.
Glu"ish, a. Somewhat gluey. Sherwood.
Glum (?), n. [See Gloom.] Sullenness. [Obs.] Skelton.
Glum, a. Moody; silent; sullen.
I frighten people by my glun face.
Thackeray.
Glum, v. i. To look sullen; to be of a sour countenance; to be glum. [Obs.] Hawes.
Glu*ma"ceous (?), a. [Cf. F. glumancÈ. See Glume.] Having glumes; consisting of glumes.
Glu"mal (?), a. (Bot.) Characterized by a glume, or having the nature of a glume.
Glume (glm), n. [L. gluma hull, husk, fr. glubere to bark or peel: cf. F. glume or gloume.] (Bot.) The bracteal covering of the flowers or seeds of grain and grasses; esp., an outer husk or bract of a spikelet. Gray.
{ Glu*mel"la (?), Glu"melle (?), } n. [F. glumelle, dim. of glume.] (Bot.) One of the palets or inner chaffy scales of the flowers or spikelets of grasses.
Glum"ly (?), adv. In a glum manner; sullenly; moodily.
Glum"my (?), a. [See Gloom.] Dark; gloomy; dismal. [Obs.]
Glum"ness, n. Moodiness; sullenness.
Glump (glmp), v. i. [See Glum.] To manifest sullenness; to sulk. [Colloq.]
<! p. 633 !>
Glump"y (glmp"), a. Glum; sullen; sulky. [Colloq.] "He was glumpy enough." T. Hook.
Glunch (glnch), a. [Cf. Glump.] Frowning; sulky; sullen. Sir W. Scott. -- n. A sullen, angry look; a look of disdain or dislike. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Glut (glt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Glutting.] [OE. glotten, fr. OF. glotir, gloutir, L. glutire, gluttire; cf. Gr. &?; to eat, Skr. gar. Cf. Gluttion, Englut.] 1. To swallow, or to swallow greedlly; to gorge.
Though every drop of water swear against it, And gape at widest to glut him.
Shak.
2. To fill to satiety; to satisfy fully the desire or craving of; to satiate; to sate; to cloy.
His faithful heart, a bloody sacrifice, Torn from his breast, to glut the tyrant's eyes.
Dryden.
The realms of nature and of art were ransacked to glut the wonder, lust, and ferocity of a degraded populace.
C. Kingsley.
To glut the market, to furnish an oversupply of any article of trade, so that there is no sale for it.
Glut, v. i. To eat gluttonously or to satiety.
Like three horses that have broken fence, And glutted all night long breast-deep in corn.
Tennyson.
Glut, n. 1. That which is swallowed. Milton
2. Plenty, to satiety or repletion; a full supply; hence, often, a supply beyond sufficiency or to loathing; over abundance; as, a glut of the market.
A glut of those talents which raise men to eminence.
Macaulay.
3. Something that fills up an opening; a clog.
4. (a) A wooden wedge used in splitting blocks. [Prov. Eng.] (b) (Mining) A piece of wood used to fill up behind cribbing or tubbing. Raymond. (c) (Bricklaying) A bat, or small piece of brick, used to fill out a course. Knight. (d) (Arch.) An arched opening to the ashpit of a kiln. (e) A block used for a fulcrum.
5. (Zoˆl.) The broad-nosed eel (Anguilla latirostris), found in Europe, Asia, the West Indies, etc.
Glu`ta*con"ic (?), a. [Glutaric + aconitic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, an acid intermediate between glutaric and aconitic acids.
||Glu*tÊ"us (?), n. [NL. See Gluteal.] (Anat.) The great muscle of the ||buttock in man and most mammals, and the corresponding muscle in many ||lower animals.
In man, the glutÊus is composed of three distinct parts, which extend and abduct the thigh, and help support the body in standing.
Glu*tam"ic (?), a. [Gluten + -amic.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to gluten.
Glutamic acid, a nitrogenous organic acid obtained from certain albuminoids, as gluten; -- called also amido-glutaric acid.
Glu*tar"ic (?), a. [Glutamic + tartaric.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid so called; as, glutaric ethers.
Glutaric acid, an organic acid obtained as a white crystalline substance, isomeric with pyrotartaric acid; -- called also normal pyrotartaric acid.
Glu"ta*zine (?), n. (Chem.) A nitrogenous substance, forming a heavy, sandy powder, white or nearly so. It is a derivative of pyridine.
Glu"te*al (?), a. [G. &?; rump, pl., the buttocks.] (Anat.) Pertaining to, or in the region of, the glutÊus.
Glu"ten (?), n. [L., glue: cf. F. gluten. See Glue.] (Chem.) The viscid, tenacious substance which gives adhesiveness to dough.
Gluten is a complex and variable mixture of glutin or gliadin, vegetable fibrin, vegetable casein, oily material, etc., and is a very nutritious element of food. It may be separated from the flour of grain by subjecting this to a current of water, the starch and other soluble matters being thus washed out.
Gluten bread, bread containing a large proportion of gluten; -- used in cases of diabetes. -- Gluten casein (Chem.), a vegetable proteid found in the seeds of grasses, and extracted as a dark, amorphous, earthy mass. -- Gluten fibrin (Chem.), a vegetable proteid found in the cereal grains, and extracted as an amorphous, brownish yellow substance.
||Glu*te"us (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) Same as GlutÊus.
Glu"tin (?), n. [See Gluten.] (Chem.)
1. Same as Gliadin.
2. Sometimes synonymous with Gelatin. [R.]
Glu"ti*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glutinated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glutinating.] [L. glutinatus, p. p. of glutinare to glue, fr. gluten glue.] To unite with glue; to cement; to stick together. Bailey.
Glu`ti*na"tion (?), n. [L. glutinatio: cf. F. glutination.] The act of uniting with glue; sticking together.
Glu"ti*na*tive (?), a. [L. glutinativus: cf. F. glutinatif.] Having the quality of cementing; tenacious; viscous; glutinous.
Glu`ti*nos"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. glutinositÈ .] The quality of being glutinous; viscousness. [R.]
Glu"ti*nous (?), a. [L. glutinosus, fr. gluten glue: cf. F. glutineux. See Gluten.]
1. Of the nature of glue; resembling glue; viscous; viscid; adhesive; gluey.
2. (Bot.) Havig a moist and adhesive or sticky surface, as a leaf or gland.
Glu"ti*nous*ness (?), n. The quality of being glutinous.
Glut"ton (?), n. [OE. glotoun, glotun, F. glouton, fr. L. gluto, glutto. See Glut.]
1. One who eats voraciously, or to excess; a gormandizer.
2. Fig.: One who gluts himself.
Gluttons in murder, wanton to destroy.
Granville.
3. (Zoˆl.) A carnivorous mammal (Gulo luscus), of the family MustelidÊ, about the size of a large badger. It was formerly believed to be inordinately voracious, whence the name; the wolverene. It is a native of the northern parts of America, Europe, and Asia.
Glutton bird (Zoˆl.), the giant fulmar (Ossifraga gigantea); -- called also Mother Carey's goose, and mollymawk.
Glut"ton (?), a. Gluttonous; greedy; gormandizing. "Glutton souls." Dryden.
A glutton monastery in former ages makes a hungry ministry in our days.
Fuller.
Glut"ton, v. t. & i. To glut; to eat voraciously. [Obs.]
Gluttoned at last, return at home to pine.
Lovelace.
Whereon in Egypt gluttoning they fed.
Drayton.
Glut"ton*ish, a. Gluttonous; greedy. Sir P. Sidney.
Glut"ton*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gluttonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gluttonizing (?).] To eat to excess; to eat voraciously; to gormandize. Hallywell.
Glut"ton*ous (?), a. Given to gluttony; eating to excess; indulging the appetite; voracious; as, a gluttonous age. -- Glut"ton*ous*ly, adv. -- Glut"ton*ous*ness, n.
Glut"ton*y (?), n.; pl. Gluttonies (#). [OE. glotonie, OF. glotonie, gloutonnie.] Excess in eating; extravagant indulgence of the appetite for food; voracity.
Their sumptuous gluttonies, and gorgeous feasts.
Milton.
Glyc"er*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of glyceric acid.
Gly*cer"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, glycerin.
Glyceric acid (Chem.), an organic acid, obtained by the partial oxidation of glycerin, as a thick liquid. It is a hydroxyl derivative of propionic acid, and has both acid and alcoholic properties.
Glyc"er*ide (?), n. [See Glycerin.] (Chem.) A compound ether (formed from glycerin). Some glycerides exist ready formed as natural fats, others are produced artificially.
Glyc"er*in, Glyc"er*ine (&?;), n. [F. glycÈrine, fr. Gr. glykero`s, glyky`s, sweet. Cf. Glucose, Licorice.] (Chem.) An oily, viscous liquid, C3H5(OH)3, colorless and odorless, and with a hot, sweetish taste, existing in the natural fats and oils as the base, combined with various acids, as oleic, margaric, stearic, and palmitic. It is a triatomic alcohol, and hence is also called glycerol. See Note under Gelatin.
It is obtained from fats by saponification, or, on a large scale, by the action of superheated steam. It is used as an ointment, as a solvent and vehicle for medicines, and as an adulterant in wine, beer, etc.
Glyc"er*ite (?), n. (Med.) A medicinal preparation made by mixing or dissolving a substance in glycerin.
Glyc"er*ol (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Glycerin.
Glyc"er*ole (?), n. [F. glycÈrolÈ.] (Med.) Same as Glycerite.
Glyc"er*yl (?), n. [Glycerin + -yl.] (Chem.) A compound radical, C3H5, regarded as the essential radical of glycerin. It is metameric with allyl. Called also propenyl.
Glyc"ide (?), n. [Glyceric + anhydride.] (Chem.) A colorless liquid, obtained from certain derivatives of glycerin, and regarded as a partially dehydrated glycerin; -- called also glycidic alcohol.
Gly*cid"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, glycide; as, glycidic acid.
Gly"cin (?), n. [Gr. glyky`s sweet.] (Physiol. Chem.) Same as Glycocoll.
Gly`co*cho"late (?), n. [Glycocoll + cholic.] (Physiol. Chem.) A salt of glycocholic acid; as, sodium glycocholate.
Gly`co*chol"ic (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Pertaining to, or composed of, glycocoll and cholic acid.
Glycocholic acid (Physiol. Chem.), a conjugate acid, composed of glycocoll and cholic acid, present in bile in the form of a sodium salt. The acid commonly forms a resinous mass, but can be crystallized in long, white needles.
Gly"co*cin (?), n. [Glycocoll + -in.] (Physiol. Chem.) Same as Glycocoll.
Gly"co*coll (?), n. [Gr. glyky`s sweet + ko`lla glue.] (Physiol. Chem.) A crystalline, nitrogenous substance, with a sweet taste, formed from hippuric acid by boiling with hydrochloric acid, and present in bile united with cholic acid. It is also formed from gelatin by decomposition with acids. Chemically, it is amido-acetic acid. Called also glycin, and glycocin.
Gly"co*gen (?), n. [Gr. &?; sweet + -gen: cf. F. glycogËne.] (Physiol. Chem.) A white, amorphous, tasteless substance resembling starch, soluble in water to an opalescent fluid. It is found abundantly in the liver of most animals, and in small quantity in other organs and tissues, particularly in the embryo. It is quickly changed into sugar when boiled with dilute sulphuric or hydrochloric acid, and also by the action of amylolytic ferments.
Gly`co*gen"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or caused by, glycogen; as, the glycogenic function of the liver.
{ Gly*cog"e*ny (?), Gly`co*gen"e*sis (?), } n. (Physiol.) The production or formation of sugar from gycogen, as in the liver.
Gly"col (?), n. [Glycerin + - ol. See Glycerin.] (Chem.) (a) A thick, colorless liquid, C2H4(OH)2, of a sweetish taste, produced artificially from certain ethylene compounds. It is a diacid alcohol, intermediate between ordinary ethyl alcohol and glycerin. (b) Any one of the large class of diacid alcohols, of which glycol proper is the type.
Gly*col"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, glycol; as, glycolic ether; glycolic acid.
Glycolic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, found naturally in unripe grapes and in the leaves of the wild grape (Ampelopsis quinquefolia), and produced artificially in many ways, as by the oxidation of glycol, -- whence its name. It is a sirupy, or white crystalline, substance, HO.CH2.CO2H, has the properties both of an alcohol and an acid, and is a type of the hydroxy acids; -- called also hydroxyacetic acid.
Gly"co*lide (?), n. [Glycol + anhydride.] (Chem.) A white amorphous powder, C4H4O, obtained by heating and dehydrating glycolic acid. [Written also glycollide.]
Gly`co*lu"ric (?), a. [Glycol + uric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, glycol and urea; as, glycoluric acid, which is called also hydantoic acid.
Gly`co*lu"ril (?), n. [Glycolyl + uric.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance, obtained by the reduction of allantoÔn.
Gly"co*lyl (?), n. [Glycolic + -yl.] (Chem.) A divalent, compound radical, CO.CH2, regarded as the essential radical of glycolic acid, and a large series of related compounds.
Gly*co"ni*an (?), a. & n. Glyconic.
Gly*con"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; a kind of verse, so called from its inventor, Glycon.] (Pros.) Consisting of a spondee, a choriamb, and a pyrrhic; -- applied to a kind of verse in Greek and Latin poetry. -- n. (Pros.) A glyconic verse.
Gly"co*nin (?), n. An emulsion of glycerin and the yolk of eggs, used as an ointment, as a vehicle for medicines, etc.
Gly"co*sine (?), n. (Chem.) An organic base, C6H6N4, produced artificially as a white, crystalline powder, by the action of ammonia on glyoxal.
||Gly`co*su"ri*a (?), n. (Med.) Same as Glucosuria.
||Glyc`yr*rhi"za (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; sweet + &?; root. Cf. ||Licorice.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of papilionaceous herbaceous plants, one species of which (G. glabra), is the licorice plant, the roots of which have a bittersweet mucilaginous taste.
2. (Med.) The root of Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice root), used as a demulcent, etc.
Glyc`yr*rhi*zim"ic (?), a. (Chem.) From, or pertaining to, glycyrrhizin; as, glycyrrhizimic acid.
Gly*cyr"rhi*zin (?), n. [Cf. F. glycyrrhizine. See Glycyrrhiza.] (Chem.) A glucoside found in licorice root (Glycyrrhiza), in monesia bark (Chrysophyllum), in the root of the walnut, etc., and extracted as a yellow, amorphous powder, of a bittersweet taste.
{ Glyn, Glynne } (?), n. A glen. See Glen. [Obs. singly, but occurring often in locative names in Ireland, as Glen does in Scotland.]
He could not beat out the Irish, yet he did shut them up within those narrow corners and glyns under the mountain's foot.
Spenser.
Gly*ox"al (?), n. [Glycol + oxalic + aldehyde.] (Chem.) A white, amorphous, deliquescent powder, (CO.H)2, obtained by the partial oxidation of glycol. It is a double aldehyde, between glycol and oxalic acid.
Gly`ox*al"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an aldehyde acid, intermediate between glycol and oxalic acid. [Written also glyoxylic.]
Gly*ox"a*line (?), n. (Chem.) A white, crystalline, organic base, C3H4N2, produced by the action of ammonia on glyoxal, and forming the origin of a large class of derivatives hence, any one of the series of which glyoxaline is a type; -- called also oxaline.
Gly*ox"ime (?), n. [Glyoxal + oxime.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance, produced by the action of hydroxylamine on glyoxal, and belonging to the class of oximes; also, any one of a group of substances resembling glyoxime proper, and of which it is a type. See Oxime.
Glyph (glf), n. [Gr. glyfh` carving, fr. gly`fein to carve: cf. F. glyphe. Cf. Cleave to split.] (Arch.) A sunken channel or groove, usually vertical. See Triglyph.
Glyph"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; of or for carving.] (Fine Arts) Of or pertaining to sculpture or carving of any sort, esp. to glyphs.
Glyph"o*graph (?), n. A plate made by glyphography, or an impression taken from such a plate.
Glyph`o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to glyphography.
Gly*phog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; to engrave + -graphy.] A process similar to etching, in which, by means of voltaic electricity, a raised copy of a drawing is made, so that it can be used to print from.
Glyp"tic (?), a. [See Glyph.]
1. Of or pertaining to gem engraving.
2. (Min.) Figured; marked as with figures.
Glyp"tics (?), n. [Cf. F. glyptique. See Glyph.] The art of engraving on precious stones.
Glyp"to*don (?), n. [Gr. &?; carved, engraved + &?;, &?;, tooth. See Glyph.] (Paleon.) An extinct South American quaternary mammal, allied to the armadillos. It was as large as an ox, was covered with tessellated scales, and had fluted teeth. Owen.
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Glyp"to*dont (?), n. (Paleon.) One of a family (GlyptodontidÊ) of extinct South American edentates, of which Glyptodon is the type. About twenty species are known.
Glyp`to*graph"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. glyptographique.] Relating to glyptography, or the art of engraving on precious stones. [R.]
Glyp*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; carved + -graphy: cf. F. glyptographie.] The art or process of engraving on precious stones. [R.]
||Glyp`to*the"ca (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; carved + &?; case, box.] A ||building or room devoted to works of sculpture.
Glys"ter (?), n. (Med.) Same as Clyster.
Gmel"in*ite (?), n. [Named after the German chemist Gmelin.] (Min.) A rhombohedral zeolitic mineral, related in form and composition to chabazite.
||Gna*pha"li*um (?), n. [Nl., from Gr. &?; wool of the teasel.] (Bot.) ||A genus of composite plants with white or colored dry and persistent ||involucres; a kind of everlasting.
Gnar (?), n. [OE. knarre, gnarre, akin to OD. knor, G. knorren. Cf. Knar, Knur, Gnarl.] A knot or gnarl in wood; hence, a tough, thickset man; -- written also gnarr. [Archaic]
He was . . . a thick gnarre.
Chaucer.
Gnar (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gnarred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gnarring.] [See Gnarl.] To gnarl; to snarl; to growl; -- written also gnarr. [Archaic]
At them he gan to rear his bristles strong, And felly gnarre.
Spenser.
A thousand wants Gnarr at the heels of men.
Tennison.
Gnarl (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gnarled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gnarling.] [From older gnar, prob. of imitative origin; cf. G. knarren, knurren. D. knorren, Sw. knorra, Dan. knurre.] To growl; to snarl.
And wolves are gnarling who shall gnaw thee first.
Shak.
Gnarl, n. [See Gnar, n.] a knot in wood; a large or hard knot, or a protuberance with twisted grain, on a tree.
Gnarled (?), a. Knotty; full of knots or gnarls; twisted; crossgrained.
The unwedgeable and gnarlÈd oak.
Shak.
Gnarl"y (?), a. Full of knots; knotty; twisted; crossgrained.
Gnash (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gnashed (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Gnashing.] [OE. gnasten, gnaisten, cf. Icel. gnastan a gnashing, gn&?;sta to gnash, Dan. knaske, Sw. gnissla, D. knarsen, G. knirschen.] To strike together, as in anger or pain; as, to gnash the teeth.
Gnash, v. i. To grind or strike the teeth together.
There they him laid, Gnashing for anguish, and despite, and shame.
Milton.
Gnash"ing*ly, adv. With gnashing.
Gnat (?), n. [AS. gnÊt.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A blood-sucking dipterous fly, of the genus Culex, undergoing a metamorphosis in water. The females have a proboscis armed with needlelike organs for penetrating the skin of animals. These are wanting in the males. In America they are generally called mosquitoes. See Mosquito.
2. Any fly resembling a Culex in form or habits; esp., in America, a small biting fly of the genus Simulium and allies, as the buffalo gnat, the black fly, etc.
Gnat catcher (Zoˆl.), one of several species of small American singing birds, of the genus Polioptila, allied to the kinglets. -- Gnat flower, the bee flower. -- Gnat hawk (Zoˆl.), the European goatsucker; -- called also gnat owl. -- Gnat snapper (Zoˆl.), a bird that catches gnats. -- Gnat strainer, a person ostentatiously punctilious about trifles. Cf. Matt. xxiii. 24.
Gnath"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; the jaw.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the jaw.
Gnathic index, in a skull, the ratio of the distance from the middle of the nasofrontal suture to the basion (taken equal to 100), to the distance from the basion to the middle of the front edge of the upper jaw; -- called also alveolar index.
Skulls with the gnathic index below 98 are orthognathous, from 98 to 103 mesognathous, and above 103 are prognathous.
Flower.
||Gna*thid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Gnathidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. gna`qos the ||jaw.] (Zoˆl.) The ramus of the lower jaw of a bird as far as it is ||naked; -- commonly used in the plural.
Gnath"ite (?), n. [Gr. gna`qos the jaw.] (Zoˆl.) Any one of the mouth appendages of the Arthropoda. They are known as mandibles, maxillÊ, and maxillipeds.
{ Gna*thon"ic (?), Gna*thon"ic*al (?), } a. [L. Gnatho, name of a parasite in the "Eunuchus" of Terence, Gr. &?;; hence, a parasite in general.] Flattering; deceitful. [Obs.]
Gnath"o*pod (?), n. [Gr. gna`qos the jaw + -pod.] (Zoˆl.) A gnathopodite or maxilliped. See Maxilliped.
Gna*thop"o*dite (?), n. (Zoˆl,) Any leglike appendage of a crustacean, when modified wholly, or in part, to serve as a jaw, esp. one of the maxillipeds.
Gna*thos"te*gite (?), n. [Gr. gna`qos the jaw + &?; a roof.] (Zoˆl.) One of a pair of broad plates, developed from the outer maxillipeds of crabs, and forming a cover for the other mouth organs.
||Gna*thos"to*ma (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. gna`qos the jaw + &?;, &?;, ||the mouth.] (Zoˆl.) A comprehensive division of vertebrates, ||including all that have distinct jaws, in contrast with the ||leptocardians and marsipobranchs (Cyclostoma), which lack them. ||[Written also Gnathostomata.]
||Gnath`o*the"ca (?), n.; pl. Gnathothec∆ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. gna`qos ||the jaw + &?; a box.] (Zoˆl.) The horney covering of the lower ||mandible of a bird.
Gnat"ling (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small gnat.
Gnat"worm` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The aquatic larva of a gnat; -- called also, colloquially, wiggler.
Gnaw (n), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gnawed (nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Gnawing.] [OE. gnawen, AS. gnagan; akin to D. knagen, OHG. gnagan, nagan, G. nagen, Icel. & Sw. gnaga, Dan. gnave, nage. Cf. Nag to tease.] 1. To bite, as something hard or tough, which is not readily separated or crushed; to bite off little by little, with effort; to wear or eat away by scraping or continuous biting with the teeth; to nibble at.
His bones clean picked; his very bones they gnaw.
Dryden.
2. To bite in agony or rage.
They gnawed their tongues for pain.
Rev. xvi. 10.
3. To corrode; to fret away; to waste.
Gnaw, v. i. To use the teeth in biting; to bite with repeated effort, as in eating or removing with the teethsomething hard, unwiedly, or unmanageable.
I might well, like the spaniel, gnaw upon the chain that ties me.
Sir P. Sidney.
Gnaw"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, gnaws.
2. (Zoˆl.) A rodent.
Gneiss (ns), n. [G.] (Geol.) A crystalline rock, consisting, like granite, of quartz, feldspar, and mica, but having these materials, especially the mica, arranged in planes, so that it breaks rather easily into coarse slabs or flags. Hornblende sometimes takes the place of the mica, and it is then called hornblendic or syenitic gneiss. Similar varieties of related rocks are also called gneiss.
Gneis"sic (ns"sk), a. Relating to, or resembling, gneiss; consisting of gneiss.
Gneis"soid (-soid), a. [Gneiss + -oid.] Resembling gneiss; having some of the characteristics of gneiss; -- applied to rocks of an intermediate character between granite and gneiss, or mica slate and gneiss.
Gneis"sose` (?), a. Having the structure of gneiss.
Gnew (n), obs. imp. of Gnaw. Chaucer.
Gnide (nd), v. t. [AS. gndan.] To rub; to bruise; to break in pieces. [Obs.]
This word is found in Tyrwhitt's Chaucer, but improperly. The woed, though common in Old English, does not occur in Chaucer. T. R. Lounsbury.
Gnof (nf), n. Churl; curmudgeon. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gnome (?), n. [F. gnome, prob. fr. Gr. gnw`mon one that knows, a guardian, i. e., of the treasures in the inner parts of the earth, or fr. &?; intelligence, both fr. gnw^nai, gignw^skein, to know. See Know.] 1. An imaginary being, supposed by the Rosicrucians to inhabit the inner parts of the earth, and to be the guardian of mines, quarries, etc.
2. A dwarf; a goblin; a person of small stature or misshapen features, or of strange appearance.
3. (Zoˆl.) A small owl (Glaucidium gnoma) of the Western United States.
4. [Gr. &?;.] A brief reflection or maxim. Peacham.
{ Gnom"ic (?), Gnom"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?;: cf. F. gnomique. See Gnome maxim.] Sententious; uttering or containing maxims, or striking detached thoughts; aphoristic.
A city long famous as the seat of elegiac and gnomic poetry.
G. R. Lewes.
Gnomic Poets, Greek poets, as Theognis and Solon, of the sixth century B. C., whose writings consist of short sententious precepts and reflections.
Gnom"ic*al, a. [See Gnomon.] Gnomonical. Boyle.
Gnom"ic*al*ly, adv. In a gnomic, didactic, or sententious manner.
{ Gno`mo*log"ic (?), Gno`mo*log"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;.] Pertaining to, of the nature of, or resembling, a gnomology.
Gno*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; judgment, maxim + &?; discourse: cf. F. gnomologie.] A collection of, or a treatise on, maxims, grave sentences, or reflections. [Obs.] Milton.
Gno"mon (?), n. [L. gnomon, Gr. &?; one that knows, the index of a sundial. See Gnome.]
1. (Dialing) The style or pin, which by its shadow, shows the hour of the day. It is usually set parallel to the earth's axis.
2. (Astron.) A style or column erected perpendicularly to the horizon, formerly used in astronomocal observations. Its principal use was to find the altitude of the sun by measuring the length of its shadow.
3. (Geom.) The space included between the boundary lines of two similar parallelograms, the one within the other, with an angle in common; as, the gnomon bcdefg of the parallelograms ac and af. The parallelogram bf is the complement of the parallelogram df.
4. The index of the hour circle of a globe.
{ Gno*mon"ic (?), Gno*mon"ic*al (?), } a. [L. gnomonicus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. gnomonique. See Gnomon.] Of or pertaining to the gnomon, or the art of dialing.
Gnomonic projection, a projection of the circles of the sphere, in which the point of sight is taken at the center of the sphere, and the principal plane is tangent to the surface of the sphere. "The gnomonic projection derives its name from the connection between the methods of describing it and those for the construction of a gnomon or dial." Cyc. of Arts & Sciences.
Gno*mon"ic*al*ly (?), adv. According to the principles of the gnomonic projection.
Gno*mon"ics (?), n. [See Gnomonic.] The art or science of dialing, or of constructing dials to show the hour of the day by the shadow of a gnomon.
Gno"mon*ist (?), n. One skilled in gnomonics. Boyle.
Gno`mon*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gnomon + -logy. Cf. Gnomonology.] A treatise on gnomonics.
Gnos"co*pine (?), n. [Gr. gignw`skein to know + E. opium?] (Chem.) An alkaloid existing in small quantities in opium.
||Gno"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gnw^sis.] (Metaph.) The deeper wisdom; ||knowledge of spiritual truth, such as was claimed by the Gnostics.
Gnos"tic (?), a. 1. Knowing; wise; shrewd. [Old Slang]
I said you were a gnostic fellow.
Sir W. Scott.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) Of or pertaining to Gnosticism or its adherents; as, the Gnostic heresy.
Gnos"tic, n. [L. gnosticus, Gr. &?; good at knowing, sagacious; as a n., man that claims to have a deeper wisdom, fr. gignw`skein to know: cf. F. gnostique. See Know.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of the so-called philosophers in the first ages of Christianity, who claimed a true philosophical interpretation of the Christian religion. Their system combined Oriental theology and Greek philosophy with the doctrines of Christianity. They held that all natures, intelligible, intellectual, and material, are derived from the Deity by successive emanations, which they called Eons.
Gnos"ti*cism (?), n. The system of philosophy taught by the Gnostics.
Gnow (?), obs. imp. of Gnaw. Gnawed. Chaucer.
Gnu (?), n. [Hottentot gnu, or nju: cf. F. gnou.] (Zoˆl.) One of two species of large South African antelopes of the genus Catoblephas, having a mane and bushy tail, and curved horns in both sexes. [Written also gnoo.]
The common gnu or wildebeest (Catoblephas gnu) is plain brown; the brindled gnu or blue wildebeest (C. gorgon) is larger, with transverse stripes of black on the neck and shoulders.
Go (g), obs. p. p. of Go. Gone. Chaucer.
Go, v. i. [imp. Went (wnt); p. p. Gone (gn; 115); p. pr. & vb. n. Going. Went comes from the AS, wendan. See Wend, v. i.] [OE. gan, gon, AS. gn, akin to D. gaan, G. gehn, gehen, OHG. gn, gn, SW. gÂ, Dan. gaae; cf. Gr. kicha`nai to reach, overtake, Skr. h to go, AS. gangan, and E. gang. The past tense in AS., eode, is from the root i to go, as is also Goth. iddja went. √47a. Cf. Gang, v. i., Wend.] 1. To pass from one place to another; to be in motion; to be in a state not motionless or at rest; to proceed; to advance; to make progress; -- used, in various applications, of the movement of both animate and inanimate beings, by whatever means, and also of the movements of the mind; also figuratively applied.
2. To move upon the feet, or step by step; to walk; also, to walk step by step, or leisurely.
In old writers go is much used as opposed to run, or ride. "Whereso I go or ride." Chaucer.
You know that love Will creep in service where it can not go.
Shak.
Thou must run to him; for thou hast staid so long that going will scarce serve the turn.
Shak.
He fell from running to going, and from going to clambering upon his hands and his knees.
Bunyan.
In Chaucer go is used frequently with the pronoun in the objective used reflexively; as, he goeth him home.
3. To be passed on fron one to another; to pass; to circulate; hence, with for, to have currency; to be taken, accepted, or regarded.
The man went among men for an old man in the days of Saul.
1 Sa. xvii. 12.
[The money] should go according to its true value.
Locke.
4. To proceed or happen in a given manner; to fare; to move on or be carried on; to have course; to come to an issue or result; to succeed; to turn out.
How goes the night, boy ?
Shak.
I think, as the world goes, he was a good sort of man enough.
Arbuthnot.
Whether the cause goes for me or against me, you must pay me the reward.
I Watts.
5. To proceed or tend toward a result, consequence, or product; to tend; to conduce; to be an ingredient; to avail; to apply; to contribute; -- often with the infinitive; as, this goes to show.
Against right reason all your counsels go.
Dryden.
To master the foul flend there goeth some complement knowledge of theology.
Sir W. Scott.
6. To apply one's self; to set one's self; to undertake.
Seeing himself confronted by so many, like a resolute orator, he went not to denial, but to justify his cruel falsehood.
Sir P. Sidney.
Go, in this sense, is often used in the present participle with the auxiliary verb to be, before an infinitive, to express a future of intention, or to denote design; as, I was going to say; I am going to begin harvest.
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7. To proceed by a mental operation; to pass in mind or by an act of the memory or imagination; -- generally with over or through.
By going over all these particulars, you may receive some tolerable satisfaction about this great subject.
South.
8. To be with young; to be pregnant; to gestate.
The fruit she goes with, I pray for heartily, that it may find Good time, and live.
Shak.
9. To move from the person speaking, or from the point whence the action is contemplated; to pass away; to leave; to depart; -- in opposition to stay and come.
I will let you go, that ye may sacrifice to the Lord your God; . . . only ye shall not go very far away.
Ex. viii. 28.
10. To pass away; to depart forever; to be lost or ruined; to perish; to decline; to decease; to die.
By Saint George, he's gone! That spear wound hath our master sped.
Sir W. Scott.
11. To reach; to extend; to lead; as, a line goes across the street; his land goes to the river; this road goes to New York.
His amorous expressions go no further than virtue may allow.
Dryden.
12. To have recourse; to resort; as, to go to law.
Go is used, in combination with many prepositions and adverbs, to denote motion of the kind indicated by the preposition or adverb, in which, and not in the verb, lies the principal force of the expression; as, to go against to go into, to go out, to go aside, to go astray, etc.
Go to, come; move; go away; -- a phrase of exclamation, serious or ironical. -- To go a- begging, not to be in demand; to be undesired. -- To go about. (a) To set about; to enter upon a scheme of action; to undertake. "They went about to slay him." Acts ix. 29.
They never go about . . . to hide or palliate their vices.
Swift.
(b) (Naut.) To tack; to turn the head of a ship; to wear. -- To go abraod. (a) To go to a foreign country. (b) To go out of doors. (c) To become public; to be published or disclosed; to be current.
Then went this saying abroad among the brethren.
John xxi. 23.
-- To go against. (a) To march against; to attack. (b) To be in opposition to; to be disagreeable to. -- To go ahead. (a) To go in advance. (b) To go on; to make progress; to proceed. -- To go and come. See To come and go, under Come. -- To go aside. (a) To withdraw; to retire.
He . . . went aside privately into a desert place.
Luke. ix. 10.
(b) To go from what is right; to err. Num. v. 29.-- To go back on. (a) To retrace (one's path or footsteps). (b) To abandon; to turn against; to betray. [Slang, U. S.] -- To go below (Naut), to go below deck. -- To go between, to interpose or mediate between; to be a secret agent between parties; in a bad sense, to pander. -- To go beyond. See under Beyond. -- To go by, to pass away unnoticed; to omit. -- To go by the board (Naut.), to fall or be carried overboard; as, the mast went by the board. -- To go down. (a) To descend. (b) To go below the horizon; as, the sun has gone down. (c) To sink; to founder; -- said of ships, etc. (d) To be swallowed; -- used literally or figuratively. [Colloq.]
Nothing so ridiculous, . . . but it goes down whole with him for truth.
L' Estrange.
-- To go far. (a) To go to a distance. (b) To have much weight or influence. -- To go for. (a) To go in quest of. (b) To represent; to pass for. (c) To favor; to advocate. (d) To attack; to assault. [Low] (e) To sell for; to be parted with for (a price). -- To go for nothing, to be parted with for no compensation or result; to have no value, efficacy, or influence; to count for nothing. -- To go forth. (a) To depart from a place. (b) To be divulged or made generally known; to emanate.
The law shall go forth of Zion, and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem.
Micah iv. 2.
-- To go hard with, to trouble, pain, or endanger. -- To go in, to engage in; to take part. [Colloq.] -- To go in and out, to do the business of life; to live; to have free access. John x. 9. -- To go in for. [Colloq.] (a) To go for; to favor or advocate (a candidate, a measure, etc.). (b) To seek to acquire or attain to (wealth, honor, preferment, etc.) (c) To complete for (a reward, election, etc.). (d) To make the object of one's labors, studies, etc.
He was as ready to go in for statistics as for anything else.
Dickens.
-- To go in to or unto. (a) To enter the presence of. Esther iv. 16. (b) To have sexual intercourse with. [Script.] -- To go into. (a) To speak of, investigate, or discuss (a question, subject, etc.). (b) To participate in (a war, a business, etc.). -- To go large. (Naut) See under Large. -- To go off. (a) To go away; to depart.
The leaders . . . will not go off until they hear you.
Shak.
(b) To cease; to intermit; as, this sickness went off. (c) To die. Shak. (d) To explode or be discharged; -- said of gunpowder, of a gun, a mine, etc. (e) To find a purchaser; to be sold or disposed of. (f) To pass off; to take place; to be accomplished.
The wedding went off much as such affairs do.
Mrs. Caskell.
-- To go on. (a) To proceed; to advance further; to continue; as, to go on reading. (b) To be put or drawn on; to fit over; as, the coat will not go on. -- To go all fours, to correspond exactly, point for point.
It is not easy to make a simile go on all fours.
Macaulay.
-- To go out. (a) To issue forth from a place. (b) To go abroad; to make an excursion or expedition.
There are other men fitter to go out than I.
Shak.
What went ye out for to see ?
Matt. xi. 7, 8, 9.
(c) To become diffused, divulged, or spread abroad, as news, fame etc. (d) To expire; to die; to cease; to come to an end; as, the light has gone out.
Life itself goes out at thy displeasure.
Addison.
-- To go over. (a) To traverse; to cross, as a river, boundary, etc.; to change sides.
I must not go over Jordan.
Deut. iv. 22.
Let me go over, and see the good land that is beyond Jordan.
Deut. iii. 25.
Ishmael . . . departed to go over to the Ammonites.
Jer. xli. 10.
(b) To read, or study; to examine; to review; as, to go over one's accounts.
If we go over the laws of Christianity, we shall find that . . . they enjoin the same thing.
Tillotson.
(c) To transcend; to surpass. (d) To be postponed; as, the bill went over for the session. (e) (Chem.) To be converted (into a specified substance or material); as, monoclinic sulphur goes over into orthorhombic, by standing; sucrose goes over into dextrose and levulose. -- To go through. (a) To accomplish; as, to go through a work. (b) To suffer; to endure to the end; as, to go through a surgical operation or a tedious illness. (c) To spend completely; to exhaust, as a fortune. (d) To strip or despoil (one) of his property. [Slang] (e) To botch or bungle a business. [Scot.] -- To go through with, to perform, as a calculation, to the end; to complete. -- To go to ground. (a) To escape into a hole; -- said of a hunted fox. (b) To fall in battle. -- To go to naught (Colloq.), to prove abortive, or unavailling. -- To go under. (a) To set; -- said of the sun. (b) To be known or recognized by (a name, title, etc.). (c) To be overwhelmed, submerged, or defeated; to perish; to succumb. -- To go up, to come to nothing; to prove abortive; to fail. [Slang] -- To go upon, to act upon, as a foundation or hypothesis. -- To go with. (a) To accompany. (b) To coincide or agree with. (c) To suit; to harmonize with. -- To go (well, ill, or hard) with, to affect (one) in such manner. -- To go without, to be, or to remain, destitute of. -- To go wrong. (a) To take a wrong road or direction; to wander or stray. (b) To depart from virtue. (c) To happen unfortunately. (d) To miss success. -- To let go, to allow to depart; to quit one's hold; to release.
Go (?), v. t. 1. To take, as a share in an enterprise; to undertake or become responsible for; to bear a part in.
They to go equal shares in the booty.
L'Estrange.
2. To bet or wager; as, I'll go you a shilling. [Colloq.]
To go halves, to share with another equally. -- To go it, to behave in a wild manner; to be uproarious; to carry on; also, to proceed; to make progress. [Colloq.] -- To go it alone (Card Playing), to play a hand without the assistance of one's partner. -- To go it blind. (a) To act in a rash, reckless, or headlong manner. [Slang] (b) (Card Playing) To bet without having examined the cards. -- To go one's way, to set forth; to depart.
Go, n. 1. Act; working; operation. [Obs.]
So gracious were the goes of marriage.
Marston.
2. A circumstance or occurrence; an incident. [Slang]
This is a pretty go.
Dickens.
3. The fashion or mode; as, quite the go. [Colloq.]
4. Noisy merriment; as, a high go. [Colloq.]
5. A glass of spirits. [Slang]
6. Power of going or doing; energy; vitality; perseverance; push; as, there is no go in him. [Colloq.]
7. (Cribbage) That condition in the course of the game when a player can not lay down a card which will not carry the aggregate count above thirty-one.
Great go, Little go, the final and the preliminary examinations for a degree. [Slang, Eng. Univ.] -- No go, a failure; a fiasco. [Slang] Thackeray. -- On the go, moving about; unsettled. [Colloq.]
Go"a (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A species of antelope (Procapra picticauda), inhabiting Thibet.
Goad (?), n. [AS. gd; perh. akin to AS. gr a dart, and E. gore. See Gore, v. t.] A pointed instrument used to urge on a beast; hence, any necessity that urges or stimulates.
The daily goad urging him to the daily toil.
Macaulay.
Goad, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Goaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Goading.] To prick; to drive with a goad; hence, to urge forward, or to rouse by anything pungent, severe, irritating, or inflaming; to stimulate.
That temptation that doth goad us on.
Shak.
Syn. -- To urge; stimulate; excite; arouse; irritate; incite; instigate.
Goaf (?); n.; pl. Goafs (#) or Goaves (#). [Cf. lst Gob.] (Mining) That part of a mine from which the mineral has been partially or wholly removed; the waste left in old workings; -- called also gob .
To work the goaf or gob, to remove the pillars of mineral matter previously left to support the roof, and replace them with props. Ure.
Goal (?), n. [F. gaule pole, Prov. F. waule, of German origin; cf. Fries. walu staff, stick, rod, Goth. walus, Icel. vˆlr a round stick; prob. akin to E. wale.]
1. The mark set to bound a race, and to or around which the constestants run, or from which they start to return to it again; the place at which a race or a journey is to end.
Part curb their fiery steeds, or shun the goal With rapid wheels.
Milton.
2. The final purpose or aim; the end to which a design tends, or which a person aims to reach or attain.
Each individual seeks a several goal.
Pope.
3. A base, station, or bound used in various games; in football, a line between two posts across which the ball must pass in order to score; also, the act of kicking the ball over the line between the goal posts.
Goal keeper, the player charged with the defense of the goal.
Go"a pow"der (?). [So called from Goa, on the Malabar coast, whither it was shipped from Portugal.] A bitter powder (also called araroba) found in the interspaces of the wood of a Brazilian tree (Andira araroba) and used as a medicine. It is the material from which chrysarobin is obtained.
Goar (?), n. Same as lst Gore.
Goar"ish, a. Patched; mean. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
Goat (gt), n. [OE goot, got, gat, AS. gt; akin to D. geit, OHG. geiz, G. geiss, Icel. geit, Sw. get, Dan. ged, Goth. gaits, L. haedus a young goat, kid.] (Zoˆl.) A hollow-horned ruminant of the genus Capra, of several species and varieties, esp. the domestic goat (C. hircus), which is raised for its milk, flesh, and skin.
The Cashmere and Angora varieties of the goat have long, silky hair, used in the manufacture of textile fabrics. The wild or bezoar goat (Capra Êgagrus), of Asia Minor, noted for the bezoar stones found in its stomach, is supposed to be one of the ancestral species of the domestic goat. The Rocky Mountain goat (Haplocercus montanus) is more nearly related to the antelopes. See Mazame.
Goat antelope (Zoˆl), one of several species of antelopes, which in some respects resemble a goat, having recurved horns, a stout body, large hoofs, and a short, flat tail, as the goral, thar, mazame, and chikara. -- Goat fig (Bot.), the wild fig. -- Goat house. (a) A place for keeping goats. (b) A brothel. [Obs.] -- Goat moth (Zoˆl.), any moth of the genus Cossus, esp. the large European species (C. ligniperda), the larva of which burrows in oak and willow trees, and requires three years to mature. It exhales an odor like that of the he-goat. -- Goat weed (Bot.), a scrophulariaceous plant, of the genus Capraria (C. biflora). -- Goat's bane (Bot.), a poisonous plant (Aconitum Lucoctonum), bearing pale yellow flowers, introduced from Switzerland into England; wolfsbane. -- Goat's beard (Bot.), a plant of the genus Tragopogon; -- so named from the long silky beard of the seeds. One species is the salsify or oyster plant. -- Goat's foot (Bot.), a kind of wood sorrel (Oxalis caprina) growing at the Cape of Good Hope. -- Goat's rue (Bot.), a leguminous plant (Galega officinalis of Europe, or Tephrosia Virginiana in the United States). -- Goat's thorn (Bot.), a thorny leguminous plant (Astragalus Tragacanthus), found in the Levant. -- Goat's wheat (Bot.), the genus Tragopyrum (now referred to Atraphaxis).
Goat`ee" (?), n. A part of a man's beard on the chin or lower lip which is allowed to grow, and trimmed so as to resemble the beard of a goat.
Goat"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A fish of the genus Upeneus, inhabiting the Gulf of Mexico. It is allied to the surmullet.
Goat"herd` (?), n. One who tends goats. Spenser.
Goat"ish, a. Characteristic of a goat; goatlike.
Give your chaste body up to the embraces Of goatish lust.
Massinger.
-- Goat"ish*ly, adv. -- Goat"ish*ness, n.
Goat"like` (?), a. Like a goat; goatish.
Goat"skin` (?), n. The skin of a goat, or leather made from it. -- a. Made of the skin of a goat.
Goat"suck`er (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of several species of insectivorous birds, belonging to Caprimulgus and allied genera, esp. the European species (Caprimulgus EuropÊus); -- so called from the mistaken notion that it sucks goats. The European species is also goat-milker, goat owl, goat chaffer, fern owl, night hawk, nightjar, night churr, churr-owl, gnat hawk, and dorhawk.
Goaves (gvz), n. pl. [See Goaf, n.] (Mining) Old workings. See Goaf. Raymond.
Gob (gb), n. [Cf. Goaf.] (Mining) Same as Goaf.
Gob, n. [OF. gob morsel; cf. F. gobe, gobbe, a poisoned morsel, poison ball, gobet a piece swallowed, gober to swallow greedily and without tasting; cf. Gael. & Ir. gob mouth, snout, W. gwp a bird's head and neck. Cf. Gobble, Job, n.] 1. A little mass or collection; a small quantity; a mouthful. [Low] L'Estrange.
2. The mouth. [Prov. Eng.or Low] Wright.
Gob"bet (?), n. [OE. & F. gobet. See 2d Gob.] A mouthful; a lump; a small piece. Spenser.
[He] had broken the stocks to small gobbets.
Wyclif.
Gob"bet, v. t. To swallow greedily; to swallow in gobbets. [Low] L'Estrange.
Gob"bet*ly, adv. In pieces. [Obs.] Huloet.
Gob"bing (?), n. [See lst Gob.] (Mining) (a) The refuse thrown back into the excavation after removing the coal. It is called also gob stuff. Brande & C.
(b) The process of packing with waste rock; stowing.
Gob"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gobbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gobbling (?).] [Freq. of 2d gob.]
1. To swallow or eat greedily or hastily; to gulp.
Supper gobbled up in haste.
Swift.
2. To utter (a sound) like a turkey cock.
He . . . gobbles out a note of self- approbation.
Goldsmith.
To gobble up, to capture in a mass or in masses; to capture suddenly. [Slang]
Gob"ble, v. i. 1. To eat greedily.
2. To make a noise like that of a turkey cock. Prior.
Gob"ble, n. A noise made in the throat.
Ducks and geese . . . set up a discordant gobble.
Mrs. Gore.
Gob"bler (?), n. A turkey cock; a bubbling Jock.
Gob"e*lin (?), a. Pertaining to tapestry produced in the so-called Gobelin works, which have been maintained by the French Government since 1667.
||Gobe`mouche" (?), n. [F.] Literally, a fly swallower; hence, once who ||keeps his mouth open; a boor; a silly and credulous person.
Gob"et (?), n. See Gobbet. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Go"-be*tween` (?), n. An intermediate agent; a broker; a procurer; -- usually in a disparaging sense. Shak.
Go"bi*oid (?), a. [NL. Gobius + - oid.] (Zoˆl.) Like, or pertaining to, the goby, or the genus Gobius. -- n. A gobioid fish.
Gob"let (?), n. [F. gobelet, LL. gobeletus, gobellus; cf. L. cupa tub, cask. See Cupel.] A kind of cup or drinking vessel having a foot or standard, but without a handle.
We love not loaded boards and goblets crowned.
Denham.
Gob"lin (?), n. [OE. gobelin, F. gobelin, LL. gobelinus, fr. Gr. &?; knave, a mischievous goblin; or cf. G. kobold, E. kobold, cobalt, Armor. gobilin an ignis fatuus, goblin.] An evil or mischievous spirit; a playful or malicious elf; a frightful phantom; a gnome.
To whom the goblin, full of wrath, replied.
Milton.
<! p. 636 !>
Gob"line` (?), n. (Naut.) One of the ropes or chains serving as stays for the dolphin striker or the bowsprit; -- called also gobrope and gaubline.
Gob"lin*ize (?), v. t. To transform into a goblin. [R.] Lowell.
Go"by (?), n.; pl. Gobies (#). [F. gobie, L. gobius, gobio, Gr. &?; Cf. Gudgeon.] (Zoˆl.) One of several species of small marine fishes of the genus Gobius and allied genera.
Go"-by` (?), n. A passing without notice; intentional neglect; thrusting away; a shifting off; adieu; as, to give a proposal the go-by.
Some songs to which we have given the go- by.
Prof. Wilson.
Go"cart` (?), n. A framework moving on casters, designed to support children while learning to walk.
God (?), a. & n. Good. [Obs.] Chaucer.
God (gd), n. [AS. god; akin to OS. & D. god, OHG. got, G. gott, Icel. gu, go, Sw. & Dan. gud, Goth. gup, prob. orig. a p. p. from a root appearing in Skr. h, p. p. hta, to call upon, invoke, implore. √30. Cf. Goodbye, Gospel, Gossip.] 1. A being conceived of as possessing supernatural power, and to be propitiated by sacrifice, worship, etc.; a divinity; a deity; an object of worship; an idol.
He maketh a god, and worshipeth it.
Is. xliv. 15.
The race of Israel . . . bowing lowly down To bestial gods.
Milton.
2. The Supreme Being; the eternal and infinite Spirit, the Creator, and the Sovereign of the universe; Jehovah.
God is a Spirit; and they that worship him must worship him in spirit and in truth.
John iv. 24.
3. A person or thing deified and honored as the chief good; an object of supreme regard.
Whose god is their belly.
Phil. iii. 19.
4. Figuratively applied to one who wields great or despotic power. [R.] Shak.
Act of God. (Law) See under Act. -- Gallery gods, the occupants of the highest and cheapest gallery of a theater. [Colloq.] -- God's acre, God's field, a burial place; a churchyard. See under Acre. -- God's house. (a) An almshouse. [Obs.] (b) A church. -- God's penny, earnest penny. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. -- God's Sunday, Easter.
God, v. t. To treat as a god; to idolize. [Obs.] Shak.
God"child` (?), n. One for whom a person becomes sponsor at baptism, and whom he promises to see educated as a Christian; a godson or goddaughter. See Godfather.
God"daugh`ter (?), n. [AS. goddohtor.] A female for whom one becomes sponsor at baptism.
God"dess (?), n. 1. A female god; a divinity, or deity, of the female sex.
When the daughter of Jupiter presented herself among a crowd of goddesses, she was distinguished by her graceful stature and superior beauty.
Addison.
2. A woman of superior charms or excellence.
Gode (?), a. & n. Good. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gode"lich (?), a. Goodly. [Obs.] Chaucer.
God"fa`ther (?), n. [AS. godfÊder. Cf. Gossip.] A man who becomes sponsor for a child at baptism, and makes himself a surety for its Christian training and instruction.
There shall be for every Male-child to be baptized, when they can be had, two Godfathers and one Godmother; and for every Female, one Godfather and two Godmothers; and Parents shall be admitted as Sponsors, if it is desired.
Book of Common Prayer (Prot. Episc. Ch., U. S. ).
God"fa`ther, v. t. To act as godfather to; to take under one's fostering care. [R.] Burke.
God"-fear`ing (?), a. Having a reverential and loving feeling towards God; religious.
A brave god-fearing man.
Tennyson.
God"head (?), n. [OE. godhed. See -head, and cf. Godhood.] 1. Godship; deity; divinity; divine nature or essence; godhood.
2. The Deity; God; the Supreme Being.
The imperial throne Of Godhead, fixed for ever.
Milton.
3. A god or goddess; a divinity. [Obs.]
Adoring first the genius of the place, The nymphs and native godheads yet unknown.
Dryden.
God"hood (?), n. [God + - hood. Cf. Godhead.] Divine nature or essence; deity; godhead.
God"ild (?). A corruption of God yield, i. e., God reward or bless. Shak.
God"less, a. Having, or acknowledging, no God; without reverence for God; impious; wicked. -- God"less*ly, adv. -- God"less*ness, n.
God"like` (?), a. [God + like. Cf. Godly.] Resembling or befitting a god or God; divine; hence, preeminently good; as, godlike virtue. -- God"like`ness, n.
God"li*ly (?), adv. Righteously. H. Wharton.
God"li*ness, n. [From Godly.] Careful observance of, or conformity to, the laws of God; the state or quality of being godly; piety.
Godliness is profitable unto all things.
1 Tim. iv. 8.
God"ling (?), n. A diminutive god. Dryden.
God"ly, a. [God, n. + -ly. Cf. Godlike, Like.] Pious; reverencing God, and his character and laws; obedient to the commands of God from love for, and reverence of, his character; conformed to God's law; devout; righteous; as, a godly life.
For godly sorrow worketh repentance.
2 Cor. vii. 10.
God"ly (?), adv. Piously; devoutly; righteously.
All that will live godly in Christ Jesus shall suffer persecution.
2. Tim. iii. 12.
God"ly*head (?), n. [Cf. Goodlyhead.] Goodness. [Obs.] Spenser.
God"moth`er (?), n. [AS. godm&?;dor.] A woman who becomes sponsor for a child in baptism. See Godfather
Go*down" (?), n. [Corruption of Malay gdong warehouse.] A warehouse. [East Indies]
Go*droon" (?), n. [F. godron a round plait, godroon.] (Arch.) An ornament produced by notching or carving a rounded molding.
God"send` (?), n. Something sent by God; an unexpected acquisiton or piece of good fortune.
God"ship, n. [God, n. + - ship.] The rank or character of a god; deity; divinity; a god or goddess.
O'er hills and dales their godships came.
Prior.
God"sib (?), n. A gossip. [Obs.] Chaucer.
God"son` (?), n. [AS. godsunu.] A male for whom one has stood sponsor in baptism. See Godfather.
God"speed` (?), n. Success; prosperous journeying; -- a contraction of the phrase, "God speed you." [Written also as two separate words.]
Receive him not into house, neither bid him God speed.
2 John 10.
God"ward (?), adv. Toward God. 2 Cor. iii. 4.
God"wit (?), n. [Prob. from AS. g&?;d good + wiht creature, wight.] (Zoˆl.) One of several species of long-billed, wading birds of the genus Limosa, and family TringidÊ. The European black- tailed godwit (Limosa limosa), the American marbled godwit (L. fedoa), the Hudsonian godwit (L. hÊmastica), and others, are valued as game birds. Called also godwin.
Go"el (g"l), a. [Cf. Yellow. √49.] Yellow. [Obs.] Tusser.
||Go`Î`land" (?), n. [F. goÎland.] (Zoˆl.) A white tropical tern (Cygis ||candida).
||Go`Î`min" (?), n. [F. goÎmon seaweed.] A complex mixture of several ||substances extracted from Irish moss.
Go"en (?), p. p. of Go. [Obs.]
Go"er (?), n. [From Go.] One who, or that which, goes; a runner or walker; as: (a) A foot. [Obs.] Chapman. (b) A horse, considered in reference to his gait; as, a good goer; a safe goer.
This antechamber has been filled with comers and goers.
Macaulay.
Go"e*ty (?), n. [Gr. &?; witchcraft, from &?; to bewitch, &?; sorcerer: cf. F. goÈtie.] Invocation of evil spirits; witchcraft. [Obs.] Hallywell.
Goff (?), n. [Cf. F. goffe ill- made, awkward, It. goffo, Sp. gofo, Prov. G. goff a blockhead, Gr. &?; stupid.] A silly clown. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Goff, n. A game. See Golf. [Scot.] Halliwell.
Gof"fer (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Goffered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Goffering.] [See Gauffer.] To plait, flute, or crimp. See Gauffer. Clarke.
Gog (?), n. [Cf. agog, F. gogue sprightliness, also W. gogi to agitate, shake.] Haste; ardent desire to go. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
Gog"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Goggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Goggling (?).] [Cf. Ir. & Gael. gog a nod, slight motion.] To roll the eyes; to stare.
And wink and goggle like an owl.
Hudibras.
Gog"gle, a. Full and rolling, or staring; -- said of the eyes.
The long, sallow vissage, the goggle eyes.
Sir W. Scott.
Gog"gle, n. [See Goggle, v. i.]
1. A strained or affected rolling of the eye.
2. pl. (a) A kind of spectacles with short, projecting eye tubes, in the front end of which are fixed plain glasses for protecting the eyes from cold, dust, etc. (b) Colored glasses for relief from intense light. (c) A disk with a small aperture, to direct the sight forward, and cure squinting. (d) Any screen or cover for the eyes, with or without a slit for seeing through.
Gog"gled (?), a. Prominent; staring, as the eye.
Gog"gle-eye` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) One of two or more species of American fresh-water fishes of the family CentrarchidÊ, esp. ChÊnobryttus antistius, of Lake Michigan and adjacent waters, and Ambloplites rupestris, of the Great Lakes and Mississippi Valley; -- so called from their prominent eyes. (b) The goggler.
Gog"gle-eyed` (?), a. Having prominent and distorted or rolling eyes. Ascham.
Gog"gler (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A carangoid oceanic fish (Trachurops crumenophthalmus), having very large and prominent eyes; -- called also goggle- eye, big-eyed scad, and cicharra.
Gog"let (?), n. [Pg. gorgoleta.] See Gurglet.
Go"ing (?), n. 1. The act of moving in any manner; traveling; as, the going is bad.
2. Departure. Milton.
3. Pregnancy; gestation; childbearing. Crew.
4. pl. Course of life; behavior; doings; ways.
His eyes are upon the ways of man, and he seeth all his goings.
Job xxxiv. 21.
Going barrel. (Horology) (a) A barrel containing the mainspring, and having teeth on its periphery to drive the train. (b) A device for maintaining a force to drive the train while the timepiece is being wound up. -- Going forth. (Script.) (a) Outlet; way of exit. "Every going forth of the sanctuary." Ezek. xliv. 5. (b) A limit; a border. "The going forth thereof shall be from the south to Kadesh-barnea." Num. xxxiv. 4. -- Going out, or Goings out. (Script.) (a) The utmost extremity or limit. "The border shall go down to Jordan, and the goings out of it shall be at the salt sea." Num. xxxiv. 12. (b) Departure or journeying. "And Moses wrote their goings out according to their journeys." Num. xxxiii. 2. -- Goings on, behavior; actions; conduct; -- usually in a bad sense.
{ Goi"ter Goi"tre } (?), n. [F. goÓtre, L. guttur throat, cf. tumidum guttur goiter, gutturosus goitered. See Guttural.] (Med.) An enlargement of the thyroid gland, on the anterior part of the neck; bronchocele. It is frequently associated with cretinism, and is most common in mountainous regions, especially in certain parts of Switzerland.
{ Goi"tered, Goi"tred } (?), a. Affected with goiter.
Goi"trous (?), a. [F. goÓtreux, L. gutturosus. See Goiter.] Pertaining to the goiter; affected with the goiter; of the nature of goiter or bronchocele.
Let me not be understood as insinuating that the inhabitants in general are either goitrous or idiots.
W. Coxe.
{ Gold (gld), Golde, Goolde (gld), } n. (Bot.) An old English name of some yellow flower, -- the marigold (Calendula), according to Dr. Prior, but in Chaucer perhaps the turnsole.
Gold (gld), n. [AS. gold; akin to D. goud, OS. & G. gold, Icel. gull, Sw. & Dan. guld, Goth. gul˛, Russ. & OSlav. zlato; prob. akin to E. yellow. √49, 234. See Yellow, and cf. Gild, v. t.]
1. (Chem.) A metallic element, constituting the most precious metal used as a common commercial medium of exchange. It has a characteristic yellow color, is one of the heaviest substances known (specific gravity 19.32), is soft, and very malleable and ductile. It is quite unalterable by heat, moisture, and most corrosive agents, and therefore well suited for its use in coin and jewelry. Symbol Au (Aurum). Atomic weight 196.7.
Native gold contains usually eight to ten per cent of silver, but often much more. As the amount of silver increases, the color becomes whiter and the specific gravity lower. Gold is very widely disseminated, as in the sands of many rivers, but in very small quantity. It usually occurs in quartz veins (gold quartz), in slate and metamorphic rocks, or in sand and alluvial soil, resulting from the disintegration of such rocks. It also occurs associated with other metallic substances, as in auriferous pyrites, and is combined with tellurium in the minerals petzite, calaverite, sylvanite, etc. Pure gold is too soft for ordinary use, and is hardened by alloying with silver and copper, the latter giving a characteristic reddish tinge. [See Carat.] Gold also finds use in gold foil, in the pigment purple of Cassius, and in the chloride, which is used as a toning agent in photography.
2. Money; riches; wealth.
For me, the gold of France did not seduce.
Shak.
3. A yellow color, like that of the metal; as, a flower tipped with gold.
4. Figuratively, something precious or pure; as, hearts of gold. Shak.
Age of gold. See Golden age, under Golden. -- Dutch gold, Fool's gold, Gold dust, etc. See under Dutch, Dust, etc. -- Gold amalgam, a mineral, found in Columbia and California, composed of gold and mercury. -- Gold beater, one whose occupation is to beat gold into gold leaf. -- Gold beater's skin, the prepared outside membrane of the large intestine of the ox, used for separating the leaves of metal during the process of gold-beating. -- Gold beetle (Zoˆl.), any small gold-colored beetle of the family ChrysomelidÊ; -- called also golden beetle. -- Gold blocking, printing with gold leaf, as upon a book cover, by means of an engraved block. Knight. -- Gold cloth. See Cloth of gold, under Cloth. -- Gold Coast, a part of the coast of Guinea, in West Africa. -- Gold cradle. (Mining) See Cradle, n., 7. -- Gold diggings, the places, or region, where gold is found by digging in sand and gravel from which it is separated by washing. -- Gold end, a fragment of broken gold or jewelry. -- Gold-end man. (a) A buyer of old gold or jewelry. (b) A goldsmith's apprentice. (c) An itinerant jeweler. "I know him not: he looks like a gold-end man." B. Jonson. -- Gold fever, a popular mania for gold hunting. -- Gold field, a region in which are deposits of gold. -- Gold finder. (a) One who finds gold. (b) One who empties privies. [Obs. & Low] Swift. -- Gold flower, a composite plant with dry and persistent yellow radiating involucral scales, the Helichrysum Stúchas of Southern Europe. There are many South African species of the same genus. -- Gold foil, thin sheets of gold, as used by dentists and others. See Gold leaf. -- Gold knobs or knoppes (Bot.), buttercups. -- Gold lace, a kind of lace, made of gold thread. -- Gold latten, a thin plate of gold or gilded metal. -- Gold leaf, gold beaten into a film of extreme thinness, and used for gilding, etc. It is much thinner than gold foil. -- Gold lode (Mining), a gold vein. -- Gold mine, a place where gold is obtained by mining operations, as distinguished from diggings, where it is extracted by washing. Cf. Gold diggings (above). -- Gold nugget, a lump of gold as found in gold mining or digging; -- called also a pepito. -- Gold paint. See Gold shell. -- Gold or Golden, pheasant. (Zoˆl.) See under Pheasant. -- Gold plate, a general name for vessels, dishes, cups, spoons, etc., made of gold. -- Gold of pleasure. [Name perhaps translated from Sp. oro-de-alegria.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Camelina, bearing yellow flowers. C. sativa is sometimes cultivated for the oil of its seeds. -- Gold shell. (a) A composition of powdered gold or gold leaf, ground up with gum water and spread on shells, for artists' use; -- called also gold paint. (b) (Zoˆl.) A bivalve shell (Anomia glabra) of the Atlantic coast; -- called also jingle shell and silver shell. See Anomia. -- Gold size, a composition used in applying gold leaf. -- Gold solder, a kind of solder, often containing twelve parts of gold, two of silver, and four of copper. -- Gold stick, the colonel of a regiment of English lifeguards, who attends his sovereign on state occasions; -- so called from the gilt rod presented to him by the sovereign when he receives his commission as colonel of the regiment. [Eng.] -- Gold thread. (a) A thread formed by twisting flatted gold over a thread of silk, with a wheel and iron bobbins; spun gold. Ure. (b) (Bot.) A small evergreen plant (Coptis trifolia), so called from its fibrous yellow roots. It is common in marshy places in the United States. -- Gold tissue, a tissue fabric interwoven with gold thread. -- Gold tooling, the fixing of gold leaf by a hot tool upon book covers, or the ornamental impression so made. -- Gold washings, places where gold found in gravel is separated from lighter material by washing. -- Gold worm, a glowworm. [Obs.] -- Jeweler's gold, an alloy containing three parts of gold to one of copper. -- Mosaic gold. See under Mosaic.
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Gold"-beat`en (?), a. Gilded. [Obs.]
Gold"-beat`ing (?), n. The art or process of reducing gold to extremely thin leaves, by beating with a hammer. Ure.
Gold"-bound` (?), a. Encompassed with gold.
Gold"crest` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The European golden-crested kinglet (Regulus cristatus, or R. regulus); -- called also golden-crested wren, and golden wren. The name is also sometimes applied to the American golden-crested kinglet. See Kinglet.
Gold"cup` (?), n. (Bot.) The cuckoobud.
Gold"en (?), a. [OE. golden; cf. OE. gulden, AS. gylden, from gold. See Gold, and cf. Guilder.]
1. Made of gold; consisting of gold.
2. Having the color of gold; as, the golden grain.
3. Very precious; highly valuable; excellent; eminently auspicious; as, golden opinions.
Golden age. (a) The fabulous age of primeval simplicity and purity of manners in rural employments, followed by the silver, bronze, and iron ages. Dryden. (b) (Roman Literature) The best part (B. C. 81 -- A. D. 14) of the classical period of Latinity; the time when Cicero, CÊsar, Virgil, etc., wrote. Hence: (c) That period in the history of a literature, etc., when it flourishes in its greatest purity or attains its greatest glory; as, the Elizabethan age has been considered the golden age of English literature. -- Golden balls, three gilt balls used as a sign of a pawnbroker's office or shop; -- originally taken from the coat of arms of Lombardy, the first money lenders in London having been Lombards. -- Golden bull. See under Bull, an edict. -- Golden chain (Bot.), the shrub Cytisus Laburnum, so named from its long clusters of yellow blossoms. -- Golden club (Bot.), an aquatic plant (Orontium aquaticum), bearing a thick spike of minute yellow flowers. -- Golden cup (Bot.), the buttercup. -- Golden eagle (Zoˆl.), a large and powerful eagle (Aquila ChrysaÎtos) inhabiting Europe, Asia, and North America. It is so called from the brownish yellow tips of the feathers on the head and neck. A dark variety is called the royal eagle; the young in the second year is the ring-tailed eagle. -- Golden fleece. (a) (Mythol.) The fleece of gold fabled to have been taken from the ram that bore Phryxus through the air to Colchis, and in quest of which Jason undertook the Argonautic expedition. (b) (Her.) An order of knighthood instituted in 1429 by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy; - - called also Toison d'Or. -- Golden grease, a bribe; a fee. [Slang] -- Golden hair (Bot.), a South African shrubby composite plant with golden yellow flowers, the Chrysocoma Coma- aurea. -- Golden Horde (Hist.), a tribe of Mongolian Tartars who overran and settled in Southern Russia early in the 18th century. -- Golden Legend, a hagiology (the "Aurea Legenda") written by James de Voragine, Archbishop of Genoa, in the 13th century, translated and printed by Caxton in 1483, and partially paraphrased by Longfellow in a poem thus entitled. -- Golden marcasite tin. [Obs.] -- Golden mean, the way of wisdom and safety between extremes; sufficiency without excess; moderation.
Angels guard him in the golden mean.
Pope.
-- Golden mole (Zoˆl), one of several South African Insectivora of the family ChrysochloridÊ, resembling moles in form and habits. The fur is tinted with green, purple, and gold. -- Golden number (Chronol.), a number showing the year of the lunar or Metonic cycle. It is reckoned from 1 to 19, and is so called from having formerly been written in the calendar in gold. -- Golden oriole. (Zoˆl.) See Oriole. -- Golden pheasant. See under Pheasant. -- Golden pippin, a kind of apple, of a bright yellow color. -- Golden plover (Zoˆl.), one of several species of plovers, of the genus Charadrius, esp. the European (C. apricarius, or pluvialis; -- called also yellow, black-breasted, hill, ∧ whistling, plover. The common American species (C. dominicus) is also called frostbird, and bullhead. -- Golden robin. (Zoˆl.) See Baltimore oriole, in Vocab. -- Golden rose (R. C. Ch.), a gold or gilded rose blessed by the pope on the fourth Sunday in Lent, and sent to some church or person in recognition of special services rendered to the Holy See. -- Golden rule. (a) The rule of doing as we would have others do to us. Cf. Luke vi. 31. (b) The rule of proportion, or rule of three. -- Golden samphire (Bot.), a composite plant (Inula crithmoides), found on the seashore of Europe. -- Golden saxifrage (Bot.), a low herb with yellow flowers (Chrysosplenium oppositifolium), blossoming in wet places in early spring. - - Golden seal (Bot.), a perennial ranunculaceous herb (Hydrastis Canadensis), with a thick knotted rootstock and large rounded leaves. -- Golden sulphide, or sulphuret, of antimony (Chem.), the pentasulphide of antimony, a golden or orange yellow powder. -- Golden warbler (Zoˆl.), a common American wood warbler (Dendroica Êstiva); -- called also blue-eyed yellow warbler, garden warbler, and summer yellow bird. -- Golden wasp (Zoˆl.), a bright- colored hymenopterous insect, of the family ChrysididÊ. The colors are golden, blue, and green. -- Golden wedding. See under Wedding.
Gold"en-eye` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A duck (Glaucionetta clangula), found in Northern Europe, Asia, and America. The American variety (var. Americana) is larger. Called whistler, garrot, gowdy, pied widgeon, whiteside, curre, and doucker. Barrow's golden-eye of America (G. Islandica) is less common.
God"en*ly, adv. In golden terms or a golden manner; splendidly; delightfully. [Obs.] Shak.
Gold"en-rod` (?), n. (Bot.) A tall herb (Solidago Virga-aurea), bearing yellow flowers in a graceful elongated cluster. The name is common to all the species of the genus Solidago.
Golden-rod tree (Bot.), a shrub (Bosea Yervamora), a native of the Canary Isles.
Gold"finch` (?), n. [AS. goldfinc. See Gold, and Finch.] (Zoˆl.) (a) A beautiful bright- colored European finch (Carduelis elegans). The name refers to the large patch of yellow on the wings. The front of the head and throat are bright red; the nape, with part of the wings and tail, black; -- called also goldspink, goldie, fool's coat, drawbird, draw-water, thistle finch, and sweet William. (b) The yellow- hammer. (c) A small American finch (Spinus tristis); the thistle bird.
The name is also applied to other yellow finches, esp. to several additional American species of Spinus.
Gold"fin`ny (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of two or more species of European labroid fishes (Crenilabrus melops, and Ctenolabrus rupestris); -- called also goldsinny, and goldney.
Gold"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) A small domesticated cyprinoid fish (Carassius auratus); -- so named from its color. It is a native of China, and is said to have been introduced into Europe in 1691. It is often kept as an ornament, in small ponds or glass globes. Many varieties are known. Called also golden fish, and golden carp. See Telescope fish, under Telescope. (b) A California marine fish of an orange or red color; the garibaldi.
Gold"-ham`mer (?), n. The yellow- hammer.
Gold"ie (?), n. [From Gold.] (Zoˆl.) (a) The European goldfinch. (b) The yellow- hammer.
Gold"i*locks` (?), n. Same as Goldylocks.
{ Gold"in (?), Gold"ing (?), } n. (Bot.) [From the golden color of the blossoms.] A conspicuous yellow flower, commonly the corn marigold (Chrysanthemum segetum). [This word is variously corrupted into gouland, gools, gowan, etc.]
Gold"less (?), a. Destitute of gold.
Gold"ney (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Gilthead.
Gold"seed` (?), n. (Bot.) Dog's-tail grass.
Gold"sin`ny (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Goldfinny.
Gold"smith` (?), n. [AS. goldsmi&?;. See Gold., and Smith.] 1. An artisan who manufactures vessels and ornaments, etc., of gold.
2. A banker. [Obs.]
The goldsmiths of London formerly received money on deposit because they were prepared to keep it safely.
Goldsmith beetle (Zoˆl.), a large, bright yellow, American beetle (Cotalpa lanigera), of the family ScarabÊidÊ
Gold"tit` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Verdin.
Gold"y*locks` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of several species of the genus Chrysocoma; -- so called from the tufts of yellow flowers which terminate the stems; also, the Ranunculus auricomus, a kind of buttercup.
Go"let (?), n. The gullet. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Go"let, n. (Zoˆl.) A California trout. See Malma.
Golf (?), n. [D. kolf club or bat, also a Dutch game played in an inclosed area with clubs and balls; akin to G. kolben club, but end, Icel. k&?;lfr tongue of a bell. bolt, Sw. kolf bolt, dart, but end, Dan. kolv bolt, arrow. Cf. Club, Globe.] A game played with a small ball and a bat or club crooked at the lower end. He who drives the ball into each of a series of small holes in the ground and brings it into the last hole with the fewest strokes is the winner. [Scot.] Strutt.
Golf"er (?), n. One who plays golf. [Scot.]
Gol"go*tha (?), n. Calvary. See the Note under Calvary.
Gol"iard (gl"yrd), n. [From OF. goliart glutton, buffoon, riotous student, Goliard, LL. goliardus, prob. fr. L. gula throat. Cf. Gules.] A buffoon in the Middle Ages, who attended rich men's tables to make sport for the guests by ribald stories and songs.
Gol"iard*er*y (?), n. The satirical or ribald poetry of the Goliards. Milman.
Go*li"ath bee"tle (?). [From Goliath, the Philistine giant.] (Zoˆl.) Any species of Goliathus, a genus of very large and handsome African beetles.
Goll (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A hand, paw, or claw. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. B. Jonson.
Go*loe"-shoe` (?), n. A galoche.
Go*lore" (?), n. See Galore.
Go*loshe" (?), n. See Galoche.
Golt"schut (?), n. 1. A small ingot of gold.
2. A silver ingot, used in Japan as money.
Gol"yard*eys (?), n. A buffoon. See Goliard. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Go"man (?), n. [Prob. fr. good man; but cf. also AS. gumman a man, OHG. gomman man, husband.] A husband; a master of a family. [Obs.]
{ Go"mar*ist (?), Go"mar*ite (?), } n. (Eccl.-Hist.) One of the followers of Francis Gomar or Gomarus, a Dutch disciple of Calvin in the 17th century, who strongly opposed the Arminians.
Gom"bo (?), n. See Gumbo.
Gome (?), n. [AS. guma; akin to Goth. guma, L. homo. See Bridegroom.] A man. [Obs.] P. Plowman.
Gome, n. [Cf. Icel. gormr ooze, mud.] The black grease on the axle of a cart or wagon wheel; -- called also gorm. See Gorm. [Prov. Eng.]
Go"mer (?), n. A Hebrew measure. See Homer.
Go"mer, n. (Gun.) A conical chamber at the breech of the bore in heavy ordnance, especially in mortars; -- named after the inventor.
Gom"me*lin (?), n. [F. gommeline, from gomme gum.] (Chem.) See Dextrin.
||Gom*phi"a*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; toothache or gnashing of ||teeth, fr. &?; a grinder tooth, from &?; a bolt.] (Med.) A disease of ||the teeth, which causes them to loosen and fall out of their sockets.
||Gom*pho"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, prop., a bolting together, fr. ||&?; to fasten with bolts or nails, &?; bolt, nail: cf. F. gomphose.] ||(Anat.) A form of union or immovable articulation where a hard part ||is received into the cavity of a bone, as the teeth into the jaws.
Go*mu"ti (?), n. [Malayan gumuti.] A black, fibrous substance resembling horsehair, obtained from the leafstalks of two kinds of palms, Metroxylon Sagu, and Arenga saccharifera, of the Indian islands. It is used for making cordage. Called also ejoo.
Gon (?), imp. & p. p. of Go. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gon"ad (?), n.; pl. Gonads (#). [Gr. &?; that which generates.] (Anat.) One of the masses of generative tissue primitively alike in both sexes, but giving rise to either an ovary or a testis; a generative gland; a germ gland. Wiedersheim.
Go"na*kie (?), n. (Bot.) An African timber tree (Acacia Adansonii).
||Go`nan*gi"um (?), n.; pl. L. Gonangia (#), E. Gonangiums (#). [NL., ||fr. Gr. &?; offspring + &?; vessel.] (Zoˆl.) See Gonotheca.
Gon"do*la (?), n. [It., dim. of gonda a gondola; cf. LL. gandeia a kind of boat, Gr. &?; a drinking vessel; said to be a Persian word; cf. F. gondole gondola, cup.]
1. A long, narrow boat with a high prow and stern, used in the canals of Venice. A gondola is usually propelled by one or two oarsmen who stand facing the prow, or by poling. A gondola for passengers has a small open cabin amidships, for their protection against the sun or rain. A sumptuary law of Venice required that gondolas should be painted black, and they are customarily so painted now.
2. A flat-bottomed boat for freight. [U. S.]
3. A long platform car, either having no sides or with very low sides, used on railroads. [U. S.]
Gon"do*let (?), n. [It. gondoletta, dim. of gondola.] A small gondola. T. Moore.
Gon`do*lier" (?), n. [It. gondoliere: cf. F. gondolier.] A man who rows a gondola.
Gone (?), p. p. of Go.
Gone"ness, n. A state of exhaustion; faintness, especially as resulting from hunger. [Colloq. U. S.]
{ Gon"fa*lon (?), Gon"fa*non (?), } n. [OE. gonfanoun, OF. gonfanon, F. gonfalon, the same word as F. confalon, name of a religious brotherhood, fr. OHG. gundfano war flag; gund war (used in comp., and akin to AS. g) + fano cloth, flag; akin to E. vane; cf. AS. gfana. See Vane, and cf. Confalon.] 1. The ensign or standard in use by certain princes or states, such as the mediÊval republics of Italy, and in more recent times by the pope.
2. A name popularly given to any flag which hangs from a crosspiece or frame instead of from the staff or the mast itself.
Standards and gonfalons, 'twixt van and rear, Stream in the air.
Milton.
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Gon`fa*lon*ier" (?), n. [F. gonfalonier: cf. It. gonfaloniere.] He who bears the gonfalon; a standard bearer; as: (a) An officer at Rome who bears the standard of the Church. (b) The chief magistrate of any one of several republics in mediÊveal Italy. (c) A Turkish general, and standard keeper.
Gong (?), n. [AS. gong, gang, a going, passage, drain. See Gang.] A privy or jakes. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gong farmer, Gong man, a cleaner of privies. [Obs.]
Gong, n. 1. [Malayan (Jav.) gng.] An instrument, first used in the East, made of an alloy of copper and tin, shaped like a disk with upturned rim, and producing, when struck, a harsh and resounding noise.
O'er distant deserts sounds the Tartar gong.
Longfellow.
2. (Mach.) A flat saucerlike bell, rung by striking it with a small hammer which is connected with it by various mechanical devices; a stationary bell, used to sound calls or alarms; -- called also gong bell.
Gong metal, an alloy (78 parts of copper, 22 of tin), from which Oriental gongs are made.
Go"ni*a*tite (?), n. [Gr. &?; angle.] (Paleon.) One of an extinct genus of fossil cephalopods, allied to the Ammonites. The earliest forms are found in the Devonian formation, the latest, in the Triassic.
Go*nid"i*al (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or containing, gonidia.
Go*nid"i*al, a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the angles of the mouth; as, a gonidial groove of an actinian.
||Go*nid"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, dim. of &?; angle.] (Zool.) A ||special groove or furrow at one or both angles of the mouth of many ||Anthozoa.
||Go*nid"i*um, n.; pl. Gonidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; that which ||generates.] (Bot.) A component cell of the yellowish green layer in ||certain lichens.
||Go*nim"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; productive, fr. &?; that ||which generates.] (Bot.) Bluish green granules which occur in certain ||lichens, as Collema, Peltigera, etc., and which replace the more ||usual gonidia.
Gon"i*mous (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or containing, gonidia or gonimia, as that part of a lichen which contains the green or chlorophyll-bearing cells.
Go`ni*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; angle + -meter: cf. F. goniomËtre.] An instrument for measuring angles, especially the angles of crystals, or the inclination of planes.
Contact, or Hand, goniometer, a goniometer having two movable arms (ab, cd), between which (at ab) the faces of the crystals are placed. These arms turn about a fixed point, which is the center of the graduated circle or semicircle upon which the angle is read off. -- Reflecting goniometer, an instrument for measuring the angles of crystals by determining through what angular space the crystal must be turned so that two rays reflected from two surfaces successively shall have the same direction; -- called also Wollaston's goniometer, from the inventor.
Go`ni*o*met"ric (?), Go`ni*o*met"ric*al (&?;), a. Pertaining to, or determined by means of, a goniometer; trigonometric.
Go`ni*om"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. goniomÈtrie.] (Math.) The art of measuring angles; trigonometry.
Gon`o*blas"tid (?), n. [See Gonoblastidium.] (Zoˆl.) A reproductive bud of a hydroid; a simple gonophore.
||Gon`o*blas*tid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Gonoblastidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; ||offspring + &?; to bud.] (Zoˆl.) A blastostyle.
Gon`o*ca"lyx (?), n. [Gr. &?; offspring + E. calyx,] (Zoˆl.) The bell of a sessile gonozooid.
Gon`o*cho"rism (?), n. [Gr. &?; offspring + &?; to separate.] (a) Separation of the sexes in different individuals; -- opposed to hermaphroditism. (b) In ontogony, differentiation of male and female individuals from embryos having the same rudimentary sexual organs. (c) In phylogeny, the evolution of distinct sexes in species previously hermaphrodite or sexless.
||Gon`o*coc"cus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; semen, the genitals + NL. & ||E. coccus.] (Med.) A vegetable microˆrganism of the genus ||Micrococcus, occurring in the secretion in gonorrhea. It is believed ||by some to constitute the cause of this disease.
Gon"oph (?), n. [Perh. fr. Heb. gannbh thief.] A pickpocket or thief. [Eng. Slang] Dickens.
Gon"o*phore (?), n. [Gr. &?; offspring, seed + &?; to bear.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A sexual zooid produced as a medusoid bud upon a hydroid, sometimes becoming a free hydromedusa, sometimes remaining attached. See Hydroidea, and Illusts. of Athecata, Campanularian, and Gonosome.
2. (Bot.) A lengthened receptacle, bearing the stamens and carpels in a conspicuous manner.
{ Gon`or*rhe"a, Gon`or*rhú"a } (?), n. [L. gonorrhoea, Gr. &?;; &?; that which begets, semen, the genitals + &?; to flow: cf. F. gonorrhÈe.] (Med.) A contagious inflammatory disease of the genitourinary tract, affecting especially the urethra and vagina, and characterized by a mucopurulent discharge, pain in urination, and chordee; clap.
{ Gon`or*rhe"al, Gon`or*rhú"al } (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to gonorrhea; as, gonorrheal rheumatism.
Gon"o*some (?), n. [Gr. &?; offspring + -some body.] (Zoˆl.) The reproductive zooids of a hydroid colony, collectively.
||Gon`o*the"ca (?), n.; pl. Gonothec&?; (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; ||offspring + &?; box.] (Zoˆl.) A capsule developed on certain hydroids ||(Thecaphora), inclosing the blastostyle upon which the medusoid buds ||or gonophores are developed; -- called also gonangium, and ||teleophore. See Hydroidea, and Illust. of Campanularian.
Gon`o*zo"oid (?), n. [Gr. &?; offspring + E. zooid.] (Zoˆl.) A sexual zooid, or medusoid bud of a hydroid; a gonophore. See Hydroidea, and Illust. of Campanularian.
Go*nyd"i*al (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the gonys of a bird's beak.
||Go"nys (?), n. [Cf. Genys.] (Zoˆl.) The keel or lower outline of a ||bird's bill, so far as the mandibular rami are united.
Goo"ber (?), n. A peanut. [Southern U. S.]
Good (?), a. [Compar. Better (?); superl. Best (?). These words, though used as the comparative and superlative of good, are from a different root.] [AS. Gd, akin to D. goed, OS. gd, OHG. guot, G. gut, Icel. gr, Sw. & Dan. god, Goth. gds; prob. orig., fitting, belonging together, and akin to E. gather. √29 Cf. Gather.]
1. Possessing desirable qualities; adapted to answer the end designed; promoting success, welfare, or happiness; serviceable; useful; fit; excellent; admirable; commendable; not bad, corrupt, evil, noxious, offensive, or troublesome, etc.
And God saw everything that he had made, and behold, it was very good.
Gen. i. 31.
Good company, good wine, good welcome.
Shak.
2. Possessing moral excellence or virtue; virtuous; pious; religious; -- said of persons or actions.
In all things showing thyself a pattern of good works.
Tit. ii. 7.
3. Kind; benevolent; humane; merciful; gracious; polite; propitious; friendly; well-disposed; -- often followed by to or toward, also formerly by unto.
The men were very good unto us.
1 Sam. xxv. 15.
4. Serviceable; suited; adapted; suitable; of use; to be relied upon; -- followed especially by for.
All quality that is good for anything is founded originally in merit.
Collier.
5. Clever; skillful; dexterous; ready; handy; -- followed especially by at.
He . . . is a good workman; a very good tailor.
Shak.
Those are generally good at flattering who are good for nothing else.
South.
6. Adequate; sufficient; competent; sound; not fallacious; valid; in a commercial sense, to be depended on for the discharge of obligations incurred; having pecuniary ability; of unimpaired credit.
My reasons are both good and weighty.
Shak.
My meaning in saying he is a good man is . . . that he is sufficient . . . I think I may take his bond.
Shak.
7. Real; actual; serious; as in the phrases in good earnest; in good sooth.
Love no man in good earnest.
Shak.
8. Not small, insignificant, or of no account; considerable; esp., in the phrases a good deal, a good way, a good degree, a good share or part, etc.
9. Not lacking or deficient; full; complete.
Good measure, pressed down, and shaken together, and running over.
Luke vi. 38.
10. Not blemished or impeached; fair; honorable; unsullied; as in the phrases a good name, a good report, good repute, etc.
A good name is better than precious ointment
. Eccl. vii. 1.
As good as. See under As. -- For good, or For good and all, completely and finally; fully; truly.
The good woman never died after this, till she came to die for good and all.
L'Estrange.
-- Good breeding, polite or polished manners, formed by education; a polite education.
Distinguished by good humor and good breeding.
Macaulay.
-- Good cheap, literally, good bargain; reasonably cheap.
-- Good consideration (Law). (a) A consideration of blood or of natural love and affection. Blackstone. (b) A valuable consideration, or one which will sustain a contract. -- Good fellow, a person of companionable qualities. [Familiar] -- Good folk, or Good people, fairies; brownies; pixies, etc. [Colloq. Eng. & Scot.] -- Good for nothing. (a) Of no value; useless; worthless. (b) Used substantively, an idle, worthless person.
My father always said I was born to be a good for nothing.
Ld. Lytton.
-- Good Friday, the Friday of Holy Week, kept in some churches as a fast, in memoory of our Savior's passion or suffering; the anniversary of the crucifixion. -- Good humor, or Good-humor, a cheerful or pleasant temper or state of mind. -- Good nature, or Good-nature, habitual kindness or mildness of temper or disposition; amiability; state of being in good humor.
The good nature and generosity which belonged to his character.
Macaulay.
The young count's good nature and easy persuadability were among his best characteristics.
Hawthorne.
-- Good people. See Good folk (above). -- Good speed, good luck; good success; godspeed; -- an old form of wishing success. See Speed. -- Good turn, an act of kidness; a favor. -- Good will. (a) Benevolence; well wishing; kindly feeling. (b) (Law) The custom of any trade or business; the tendency or inclination of persons, old customers and others, to resort to an established place of business; the advantage accruing from tendency or inclination.
The good will of a trade is nothing more than the probability that the old customers will resort to the old place.
Lord Eldon.
-- In good time. (a) Promptly; punctually; opportunely; not too soon nor too late. (b) (Mus.) Correctly; in proper time. -- To hold good, to remain true or valid; to be operative; to remain in force or effect; as, his promise holds good; the condition still holds good. -- To make good, to fulfill; to establish; to maintain; to supply (a defect or deficiency); to indemmify; to prove or verify (an accusation); to prove to be blameless; to clear; to vindicate.
Each word made good and true.
Shak.
Of no power to make his wishes good.
Shak.
I . . . would by combat make her good.
Shak.
Convenient numbers to make good the city.
Shak.
-- To think good, to approve; to be pleased or satisfied with; to consider expedient or proper.
If ye think good, give me my price; and if not, forbear.
Zech. xi. 12.
Good, in the sense of wishing well, is much used in greeting and leave-taking; as, good day, good night, good evening, good morning, etc.
Good (?), n. 1. That which possesses desirable qualities, promotes success, welfare, or happiness, is serviceable, fit, excellent, kind, benevolent, etc.; -- opposed to evil.
There be many that say, Who will show us any good ?
Ps. iv. 6.
2. Advancement of interest or happiness; welfare; prosperity; advantage; benefit; -- opposed to harm, etc.
The good of the whole community can be promoted only by advancing the good of each of the members composing it.
Jay.
3. pl. Wares; commodities; chattels; - - formerly used in the singular in a collective sense. In law, a comprehensive name for almost all personal property as distinguished from land or real property. Wharton.
He hath made us spend much good.
Chaucer.
Thy lands and goods Are, by the laws of Venice, confiscate Unto the state of Venice.
Shak.
Dress goods, Dry goods, etc. See in the Vocabulary. -- Goods engine, a freight locomotive. [Eng.] -- Goods train, a freight train. [Eng.] -- Goods wagon, a freight car [Eng.] See the Note under Car, n., 2.
Good, adv. Well, -- especially in the phrase as good, with a following as expressed or implied; equally well with as much advantage or as little harm as possible.
As good almost kill a man as kill a good book.
Milton.
As good as, in effect; virtually; the same as.
They who counsel ye to such a suppressing, do as good as bid ye suppress yourselves.
Milton.
Good, v. t. 1. To make good; to turn to good. [Obs.]
2. To manure; to improve. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
{ Good`-by", Good`-bye" } (?), n. or interj. [A contraction of God be with ye (God be w ye, God bw' ye, God bwye).] Farewell; a form of address used at parting. See the last Note under By, prep. Shak.
Good`-den" (?), interj. [Corrupt. of good e'en, for good evening.] A form of salutation. [Obs.] Shak.
Good`-fel"low*ship (?), n. Agreeable companionship; companionableness.
Good"geon (?), n. (Naut.) Same as Gudgeon, 5.
Good`-hu"mored (?), a. Having a cheerful spirit and demeanor; good-tempered. See Good- natured.
Good`-hu"mored*ly, adv. With a cheerful spirit; in a cheerful or good-tempered manner.
Good"ish (?), a. Rather good than the contrary; not actually bad; tolerable.
Goodish pictures in rich frames.
Walpole.
Good"less, a. Having no goods. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Good"lich (?), a. Goodly. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Good"li*ness (?), n. [From Goodly.] Beauty of form; grace; elegance; comeliness.
Her goodliness was full of harmony to his eyes.
Sir P. Sidney.
Good"-look`ing (?), a. Handsome.
Good"ly, adv. Excellently. [Obs.] Spenser.
Good"ly, a. [Compar. Goodlier (?); superl. Goodliest.] [OE. godlich, AS. gdlic. See Good, and Like.]
1. Pleasant; agreeable; desirable.
We have many goodly days to see.
Shak.
2. Of pleasing appearance or character; comely; graceful; as, a goodly person; goodly raiment, houses.
The goodliest man of men since born.
Milton.
3. Large; considerable; portly; as, a goodly number.
Goodly and great he sails behind his link.
Dryden.
{ Good"ly*head (?), Good"ly*hood (?) } n. Goodness; grace; goodliness. [Obs.] Spenser.
Good"man (?), n. [Good + man]
1. A familiar appellation of civility, equivalent to "My friend", "Good sir", "Mister;" -- sometimes used ironically. [Obs.]
With you, goodman boy, an you please.
Shak.
2. A husband; the master of a house or family; -- often used in speaking familiarly. [Archaic] Chaucer.
Say ye to the goodman of the house, . . . Where is the guest-chamber ?
Mark xiv. 14.
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In the early colonial records of New England, the term goodman is frequently used as a title of designation, sometimes in a respectful manner, to denote a person whose first name was not known, or when it was not desired to use that name; in this use it was nearly equivalent to Mr. This use was doubtless brought with the first settlers from England.
Good`-na"tured (?), a. Naturally mild in temper; not easily provoked.
Syn. -- Good-natured, Good-tempered, Good- humored. Good-natured denotes a disposition to please and be pleased. Good-tempered denotes a habit of mind which is not easily ruffled by provocations or other disturbing influences. Good-humored is applied to a spirit full of ease and cheerfulness, as displayed in one's outward deportment and in social intercourse. A good-natured man recommends himself to all by the spirit which governs him. A good-humored man recommends himself particularly as a companion. A good-tempered man is rarely betrayed into anything which can disturb the serenity of the social circle.
Good`-na"tured*ly, adv. With mildness of temper.
Good"ness (?), n. [AS. gdnes.] The quality of being good in any of its various senses; excellence; virtue; kindness; benevolence; as, the goodness of timber, of a soil, of food; goodness of character, of disposition, of conduct, etc.
Good" now" (?). An exclamation of wonder, surprise, or entreaty. [Obs.] Shak.
Goods (?), n. pl. See Good, n., 3.
Good"ship, n. Favor; grace. [Obs.] Gower.
Good`-tem"pered (?), a. Having a good temper; not easily vexed. See Good-natured.
Good"wife` (?), n. The mistress of a house. [Archaic] Robynson (More's Utopia).
Good"y (?), n.; pl. Goodies (&?;). 1. A bonbon, cake, or the like; -- usually in the pl. [Colloq.]
2. (Zoˆl.) An American fish; the lafayette or spot.
Good"y, n.; pl. Goodies (#). [Prob. contr. from goodwife.] Goodwife; -- a low term of civility or sport.
Good"-year (?), n. [See Goujere.] The venereal disease; -- often used as a mild oath. [Obs.] Shak.
Good"y-good`y, a. Mawkishly or weakly good; exhibiting goodness with silliness. [Colloq.]
Good"y*ship, n. The state or quality of a goody or goodwife [Jocose] Hudibraus.
||Goo*roo", Gu*ru" (&?;), n. [Hind. gur&?; a spiritual parent or ||teacher, Skr. guru heavy, noble, venerable, teacher. Cf. Grief.] A ||spiritual teacher, guide, or confessor amoung the Hindoos. Malcom.
Goos"an`der (?), n. [OE. gossander, a tautological word formed fr. goose + gander. Cf. Merganser.] (Zoˆl.) A species of merganser (M. merganser) of Northern Europe and America; -- called also merganser, dundiver, sawbill, sawneb, shelduck, and sheldrake. See Merganser.
Goose (gs), n.; pl. Geese (gs). [OE. gos, AS. gs, pl. gs; akin to D. & G. gans, Icel. gs, Dan. gaas, Sw. gÂs, Russ. guse. OIr. geiss, L. anser, for hanser, Gr. chh`n, Skr. hasa. √233. Cf. Gander, Gannet, Ganza, Gosling.] (Zoˆl.)
1. Any large web-footen bird of the subfamily AnserinÊ, and belonging to Anser, Branta, Chen, and several allied genera. See Anseres.
The common domestic goose is believed to have been derived from the European graylag goose (Anser anser). The bean goose (A. segetum), the American wild or Canada goose (Branta Canadensis), and the bernicle goose (Branta leucopsis) are well known species. The American white or snow geese and the blue goose belong to the genus Chen. See Bernicle, Emperor goose, under Emperor, Snow goose, Wild goose, Brant.
2. Any large bird of other related families, resembling the common goose.
The Egyptian or fox goose (Alopochen ∆gyptiaca) and the African spur-winged geese (Plectropterus) belong to the family PlectropteridÊ. The Australian semipalmated goose (Anseranas semipalmata) and Cape Barren goose (Cereopsis NovÊ-HollandiÊ) are very different from northern geese, and each is made the type of a distinct family. Both are domesticated in Australia.
3. A tailor's smoothing iron, so called from its handle, which resembles the neck of a goose.
4. A silly creature; a simpleton.
5. A game played with counters on a board divided into compartments, in some of which a goose was depicted.
The pictures placed for ornament and use, The twelve good rules, the royal game of goose.
Goldsmith.
A wild goose chase, an attempt to accomplish something impossible or unlikely of attainment. -- Fen goose. See under Fen. -- Goose barnacle (Zoˆl.), any pedunculated barnacle of the genus Anatifa or Lepas; -- called also duck barnacle. See Barnacle, and Cirripedia. -- Goose cap, a silly person. [Obs.] Beau. & . -- Goose corn (Bot.), a coarse kind of rush (Juncus squarrosus). -- Goose feast, Michaelmas. [Colloq. Eng.] -- Goose flesh, a peculiar roughness of the skin produced by cold or fear; -- called also goose skin. -- Goose grass. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Galium (G. Aparine), a favorite food of geese; -- called also catchweed and cleavers. (b) A species of knotgrass (Polygonum aviculare). (c) The annual spear grass (Poa annua). -- Goose neck, anything, as a rod of iron or a pipe, curved like the neck of a goose; specially (Naut.), an iron hook connecting a spar with a mast. -- Goose quill, a large feather or quill of a goose; also, a pen made from it. -- Goose skin. See Goose flesh, above. -- Goose tongue (Bot.), a composite plant (Achillea ptarmica), growing wild in the British islands. -- Sea goose. (Zoˆl.) See Phalarope. -- Solan goose. (Zoˆl.) See Gannet.
Goose"ber*ry (?), n.; pl. Gooseberries (#), [Corrupted for groseberry or groiseberry, fr. OF. groisele, F. groseille, -- of German origin; cf. G. krausbeere, kr‰uselbeere (fr. kraus crisp), D. kruisbes, kruisbezie (as if crossberry, fr. kruis cross; for kroesbes, kroesbezie, fr. kroes crisp), Sw. krusb‰r (fr. krus, krusing, crisp). The first part of the word is perh. akin to E. curl. Cf. Grossular, a.] 1. (Bot.) Any thorny shrub of the genus Ribes; also, the edible berries of such shrub. There are several species, of which Ribes Grossularia is the one commonly cultivated.
2. A silly person; a goose cap. Goldsmith.
Barbadoes gooseberry, a climbing prickly shrub (Pereskia aculeata) of the West Indies, which bears edible berries resembling gooseberries. -- Coromandel gooseberry. See Carambola. -- Gooseberry fool. See lst Fool. -- Gooseberry worm (Zoˆl.), the larva of a small moth (Dakruma convolutella). It destroys the gooseberry by eating the interior.
Goose"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Angler.
Goose"foot` (?), n. (Bot.) A genus of herbs (Chenopodium) mostly annual weeds; pigweed.
Goos"er*y (?), n.; pl. Gooseries (&?;). 1. A place for keeping geese.
2. The characteristics or actions of a goose; silliness.
The finical goosery of your neat sermon actor.
Milton.
Goose"wing` (?), n. (Naut.) One of the clews or lower corners of a course or a topsail when the middle part or the rest of the sail is furled.
Goose"winged` (?), a. (Naut.) (a) Having a "goosewing." (b) Said of a fore-and-aft rigged vessel with foresail set on one side and mainsail on the other; wing and wing.
Goos"ish, a. Like a goose; foolish. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Goost (?), n. Ghost; spirit. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Goot (?), n. A goat. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Go"-out` (?), n. A sluice in embankments against the sea, for letting out the land waters, when the tide is out. [Written also gowt.]
Go"pher (?), n. [F. gaufre waffle, honeycomb. See Gauffer.] (Zoˆl.) 1. One of several North American burrowing rodents of the genera Geomys and Thomomys, of the family GeomyidÊ; -- called also pocket gopher and pouched rat. See Pocket gopher, and Tucan.
The name was originally given by French settlers to many burrowing rodents, from their honeycombing the earth.
2. One of several western American species of the genus Spermophilus, of the family SciuridÊ; as, the gray gopher (Spermophilus Franklini) and the striped gopher (S. tridecemlineatus); -- called also striped prairie squirrel, leopard marmot, and leopard spermophile. See Spermophile.
3. A large land tortoise (Testudo Carilina) of the Southern United States, which makes extensive burrows.
4. A large burrowing snake (Spilotes Couperi) of the Southern United States.
Gopher drift (Mining), an irregular prospecting drift, following or seeking the ore without regard to regular grade or section. Raymond.
Go"pher wood` (?). [Heb. gpher.] A species of wood used in the construction of Noah's ark. Gen. vi. 14.
||Go*rac"co (?), n. A paste prepared from tobacco, and smoked in ||hookahs in Western India.
Go"ral (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An Indian goat antelope (Nemorhedus goral), resembling the chamois.
Go"ra*my (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Same as Gourami.
Gor"-bel`lied (?), a. Bog- bellied. [Obs.]
Gor"-bel`ly, n. [Gore filth, dirt + belly.] A prominent belly; a big-bellied person. [Obs.]
Gorce (?), n. [OF. gort, nom. gorz, gulf, L. gurges whirlpool, gulf, stream. See Gorge.] A pool of water to keep fish in; a wear. [Obs.]
Gor"cock` (?), n. [Prob. from gore blood.] (Zoˆl.) The moor cock, or red grouse. See Grouse. [Prov. Eng.]
Gor"crow` (?), n. [AS. gor dung, dirt. See Gore blood, dirt.] (Zoˆl.) The carrion crow; -- called also gercrow. [Prov. Eng.]
Gord (?), n. [Written also gourd.] [Perh. hollow, and so named in allusion to a gourd.] An instrument of gaming; a sort of dice. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
||Gor`di*a"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Gordian, 1.] (Zoˆl.) A division of ||nematoid worms, including the hairworms or hair eels (Gordius and ||Mermis). See Gordius, and Illustration in Appendix.
Gor"di*an (?), a. 1. Pertaining to Gordius, king of Phrygia, or to a knot tied by him; hence, intricate; complicated; inextricable.
Gordian knot, an intricate knot tied by Gordius in the thong which connected the pole of the chariot with the yoke. An oracle having declared that he who should untie it should be master of Asia, Alexander the Great averted the ill omen of his inability to loosen it by cutting it with his sword. Hence, a Gordian knot is an inextricable difficulty; and to cut the Gordian knot is to remove a difficulty by bold and energetic measures.
2. (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the Gordiacea.
Gor"di*an, n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Gordiacea.
||Gor"di*us (?), n. [NL. See Gordian, 1.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of long, ||slender, nematoid worms, parasitic in insects until near maturity, ||when they leave the insect, and live in water, in which they deposit ||their eggs; -- called also hair eel, hairworm, and hair snake, from ||the absurd, but common and widely diffused, notion that they are ||metamorphosed horsehairs.
Gore (?), n. [AS. gor dirt, dung; akin to Icel. gor, SW. gorr, OHG. gor, and perh. to E. cord, chord, and yarn; cf. Icel. gˆrn, garnir, guts.] 1. Dirt; mud. [Obs.] Bp. Fisher.
2. Blood; especially, blood that after effusion has become thick or clotted. Milton.
Gore, n. [OE. gore, gare, AS. g&?;ra angular point of land, fr. g&?;r spear; akin to D. geer gore, G. gehre gore, ger spear, Icel. geiri gore, geir spear, and prob. to E. goad. Cf. Gar, n., Garlic, and Gore, v.] 1. A wedgeshaped or triangular piece of cloth, canvas, etc., sewed into a garment, sail, etc., to give greater width at a particular part.
2. A small traingular piece of land. Cowell.
3. (Her.) One of the abatements. It is made of two curved lines, meeting in an acute angle in the fesse point.
It is usually on the sinister side, and of the tincture called tennÈ. Like the other abatements it is a modern fancy and not actually used.
Gore, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Goring.] [OE. gar spear, AS. g&?;r. See 2d Gore.] To pierce or wound, as with a horn; to penetrate with a pointed instrument, as a spear; to stab.
The low stumps shall gore His daintly feet.
Coleridge.
Gore, v. t. To cut in a traingular form; to piece with a gore; to provide with a gore; as, to gore an apron.
Gore"bill` (?), n. [2d gore + bill.] (Zoˆl.) The garfish. [Prov. Eng.]
Gor"fly` (?), n.; pl. Gorflies (#). [Gore (AS. gor) dung + fly.] (Zoˆl.) A dung fly.
Gorge (?), n. [F. gorge, LL. gorgia, throat, narrow pass, and gorga abyss, whirlpool, prob. fr. L. gurgea whirlpool, gulf, abyss; cf. Skr. gargara whirlpool, gr. to devour. Cf. Gorget.] 1. The throat; the gullet; the canal by which food passes to the stomach.
Wherewith he gripped her gorge with so great pain.
Spenser.
Now, how abhorred! . . . my gorge rises at it.
Shak.
2. A narrow passage or entrance; as: (a) A defile between mountains. (b) The entrance into a bastion or other outwork of a fort; -- usually synonymous with rear. See Illust. of Bastion.
3. That which is gorged or swallowed, especially by a hawk or other fowl.
And all the way, most like a brutish beast, e spewed up his gorge, that all did him detest.
Spenser.
4. A filling or choking of a passage or channel by an obstruction; as, an ice gorge in a river.
5. (Arch.) A concave molding; a cavetto. Gwilt.
6. (Naut.) The groove of a pulley.
Gorge circle (Gearing), the outline of the smallest cross section of a hyperboloid of revolution. -- Gorge hook, two fishhooks, separated by a piece of lead. Knight.
Gorge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gorged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gorging (?).] [F. gorger. See Gorge, n.] 1. To swallow; especially, to swallow with greediness, or in large mouthfuls or quantities.
The fish has gorged the hook.
Johnson.
2. To glut; to fill up to the throat; to satiate.
The giant gorged with flesh.
Addison.
Gorge with my blood thy barbarous appetite.
Dryden.
Gorge, v. i. To eat greedily and to satiety. Milton.
Gorged (?), a. 1. Having a gorge or throat.
2. (Her.) Bearing a coronet or ring about the neck.
3. Glutted; fed to the full.
Gor"ge*let (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small gorget, as of a humming bird.
Gor"geous (?), a. [OF. gorgias beautiful, glorious, vain, luxurious; cf. OF. gorgias ruff, neck handkerchief, and F. gorge throat, and se pengorger to assume airs. Cf. Gorge, n.] Imposing through splendid or various colors; showy; fine; magnificent.
Cloud-land, gorgeous land.
Coleridge.
Gorgeous as the sun at midsummer.
Shak.
-- Gor"geous*ly, adv. -- Gor"geous*ness, n.
||Gor`ge*rin" (?), n. [F., fr. gorge neck.] (Arch.) In some columns, ||that part of the capital between the termination of the shaft and the ||annulet of the echinus, or the space between two neck moldings; -- ||called also neck of the capital, and hypotrachelium. See Illust. of ||Column.
Gor"get (?), n. [OF. gorgete, dim. of gorge throat. See Gorge, n.] 1. A piece of armor, whether of chain mail or of plate, defending the throat and upper part of the breast, and forming a part of the double breastplate of the 14th century.
2. A piece of plate armor covering the same parts and worn over the buff coat in the 17th century, and without other steel armor.
Unfix the gorget's iron clasp.
Sir W. Scott.
3. A small ornamental plate, usually crescent-shaped, and of gilded copper, formerly hung around the neck of officers in full uniform in some modern armies.
4. A ruff worn by women. [Obs.]
5. (Surg.) (a) A cutting instrument used in lithotomy. (b) A grooved instrunent used in performing various operations; -- called also blunt gorget. Dunglison.
<! p. 640 !>
6. (Zoˆl.) A crescent-shaped, colored patch on the neck of a bird or mammal.
Gorget hummer (Zoˆl.), a humming bird of the genus Trochilus. See Rubythroat.
Gor"gon (gÙr"gn), n. [L. Gorgo, -onis, Gr. Gorgw`, fr. gorgo`s terrible.] 1. (Gr. Myth.) One of three fabled sisters, Stheno, Euryale, and Medusa, with snaky hair and of terrific aspect, the sight of whom turned the beholder to stone. The name is particularly given to Medusa.
2. Anything very ugly or horrid. Milton.
3. (Zoˆl.) The brindled gnu. See Gnu.
Gor"gon, a. Like a Gorgon; very ugly or terrific; as, a Gorgon face. Dryden.
||Gor`go*na"ce*a (gÙr`g*n"sh*), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) See Gorgoniacea.
Gor*go"ne*an (gÙr*g"n*an), a. See Gorgonian, 1.
||Gor`go*ne"ion (gÙr`g*n"yn), n.; pl. Gorgoneia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. ||Gorgo`neios, equiv. to Gorgei^os belonging to a Gorgon.] (Arch.) A ||mask carved in imitation of a Gorgon's head. Elmes.
||Gor*go"ni*a (gÙr*g"n*), n. [L., a coral which hardens in the air.] ||(Zoˆl.) 1. A genus of Gorgoniacea, formerly very extensive, but now ||restricted to such species as the West Indian sea fan (Gorgonia ||flabellum), sea plume (G. setosa), and other allied species having a ||flexible, horny axis.
2. Any slender branched gorgonian.
||Gor*go`ni*a"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Gorgonia.] (Zoˆl.) One of the ||principal divisions of Alcyonaria, including those forms which have a ||firm and usually branched axis, covered with a porous crust, or ||cúnenchyma, in which the polyp cells are situated.
The axis is commonly horny, but it may be solid and stony (composed of calcium carbonate), as in the red coral of commerce, or it may be in alternating horny and stony joints, as in Isis. See Alcyonaria, Anthozoa, Cúnenchyma.
Gor*go"ni*an (?), a. [L. Gorgoneus.]
1. Pertaining to, or resembling, a Gorgon; terrifying into stone; terrific.
The rest his look Bound with Gorgonian rigor not to move.
Milton.
2. (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the Gorgoniacea; as, gorgonian coral.
Gor*go"ni*an, n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Gorgoniacea.
Gor"gon*ize (?), v. t. To have the effect of a Gorgon upon; to turn into stone; to petrify. [R.]
Gor"hen` (?), n. [Gor- as in gorcock + hen.] (Zoˆl.) The female of the gorcock.
Go*ril"la (?), n. [An African word; found in a Greek translation of a treatise in Punic by Hanno, a Carthaginian.] (Zoˆl.) A large, arboreal, anthropoid ape of West Africa. It is larger than a man, and is remarkable for its massive skeleton and powerful muscles, which give it enormous strength. In some respects its anatomy, more than that of any other ape, except the chimpanzee, resembles that of man.
Gor"ing (?), or Gor"ing cloth` (&?;), n., (Naut.) A piece of canvas cut obliquely to widen a sail at the foot.
Gorm (?), n. Axle grease. See Gome. [Prov. Eng.]
Gorm, v. t. To daub, as the hands or clothing, with gorm; to daub with anything sticky. [Prov. Eng.]
Gor"ma (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The European cormorant.
Gor"mand (?), n. [F. gourmand; cf. Prov. F. gourmer to sip, to lap, gourmacher to eat improperly, F. gourme mumps, glanders, Icel. gormr mud, mire, Prov. E. gorm to smear, daub; all perh. akin to E. gore blood, filth. Cf. Gourmand.] A greedy or ravenous eater; a luxurious feeder; a gourmand.
Gor"mand, a. Gluttonous; voracious. Pope.
Gor"mand*er (?), n. See Gormand, n. [Obs.]
Gor"mand*ism (?), n. Gluttony.
Gor"mand*ize (?), v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Gormandized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gormandizing (?).] [F. gourmandise gluttony. See Gormand.] To eat greedily; to swallow voraciously; to feed ravenously or like a glutton. Shak.
Gor"mand*i`zer (?), n. A greedy, voracious eater; a gormand; a glutton.
Go*roon" shell` (?). (Zoˆl.) A large, handsome, marine, univalve shell (Triton femorale).
Gorse (?), n. [OE. & AS. gorst; perh. akin to E. grow, grass.] (Bot.) Furze. See Furze.
The common, overgrown with fern, and rough With prickly gorse.
Cowper.
Gorse bird (Zoˆl.), the European linnet; -- called also gorse hatcher. [Prov. Eng.] -- Gorse chat (Zoˆl.), the winchat. -- Gorse duck, the corncrake; -- called also grass drake, land drake, and corn drake.
Gor"y (?), a. [From Gore.]
1. Covered with gore or clotted blood.
Thou canst not say I did it; never shake Thy gory locks at me.
Shak.
2. Bloody; murderous. "Gory emulation." Shak.
Gos"hawk` (?), n. [AS. g&?;shafuc, lit., goosehawk; or Icel. gshaukr. See Goose, and Hawk the bird.] (Zoˆl.) Any large hawk of the genus Astur, of which many species and varieties are known. The European (Astur palumbarius) and the American (A. atricapillus) are the best known species. They are noted for their powerful flight, activity, and courage. The Australian goshawk (A. NovÊ-HollandiÊ) is pure white.
Gos"herd (?), n. [OE. gosherde. See Goose, and Herd a herdsman.] One who takes care of geese.
Gos"let (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of several species of pygmy geese, of the genus Nettepus. They are about the size of a teal, and inhabit Africa, India, and Australia.
Gos"ling (?), n. [AS. g&?;s goose + -ling.]
1. A young or unfledged goose.
2. A catkin on nut trees and pines. Bailey.
Gos"pel (?), n. [OE. gospel, godspel, AS. godspell; god God + spell story, tale. See God, and Spell, v.]
1. Glad tidings; especially, the good news concerning Christ, the Kingdom of God, and salvation.
And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom.
Matt. iv. 23.
The steadfast belief of the promises of the gospel.
Bentley.
It is probable that gospel is from. OE. godspel, God story, the narrative concerning God; but it was early confused with god spell, good story, good tidings, and was so used by the translators of the Authorized version of Scripture. This use has been retained in most cases in the Revised Version.
Thus the literal sense [of gospel] is the "narrative of God," i. e., the life of Christ.
Skeat.
2. One of the four narratives of the life and death of Jesus Christ, written by Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.
3. A selection from one of the gospels, for use in a religious service; as, the gospel for the day.
4. Any system of religious doctrine; sometimes, any system of political doctrine or social philosophy; as, this political gospel. Burke.
5. Anything propounded or accepted as infallibly true; as, they took his words for gospel. [Colloq.]
If any one thinks this expression hyperbolical, I shall only ask him to read ådipus, instead of taking the traditional witticisms about Lee for gospel.
Saintsbury.
Gos"pel, a. Accordant with, or relating to, the gospel; evangelical; as, gospel righteousness. Bp. Warburton.
Gos"pel, v. t. To instruct in the gospel. [Obs.] Shak.
Gos"pel*er (?), n. [AS. godspellere.] [Written also gospeller.] 1. One of the four evangelists. Rom. of R.
Mark the gospeler was the ghostly son of Peter in baptism.
Wyclif.
2. A follower of Wyclif, the first English religious reformer; hence, a Puritan. [Obs.] Latimer.
The persecution was carried on against the gospelers with much fierceness by those of the Roman persuasion.
Strype.
3. A priest or deacon who reads the gospel at the altar during the communion service.
The Archbishop of York was the celebrant, the epistoler being the dean, and the gospeler the Bishop of Sydney.
Pall Mall Gazette.
Gos"pel*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gospelized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gospelizing (?).] [Written also gospellize.]
1. To form according to the gospel; as, a command gospelized to us. Milton.
2. To instruct in the gospel; to evangelize; as, to gospelize the savages. Boyle.
Goss (?), n. [See Gorse.] Gorse. [Obs.] Shak.
Gos"sa*mer (?), n. [OE. gossomer, gossummer, gosesomer, perh. for goose summer, from its downy appearance, or perh. for God's summer, cf. G. mariengarr gossamer, properly Mary's yarn, in allusion to the Virgin Mary. Perhaps the E. word alluded to a legend that the gossamer was the remnant of the Virgin Mary's winding sheet, which dropped from her when she was taken up to heaven. For the use of summer in the sense of film or threads, cf. G. M‰dchensommer, Altweibersommer, fliegender Sommer, all meaning, gossamer.]
1. A fine, filmy substance, like cobwebs, floating in the air, in calm, clear weather, especially in autumn. It is seen in stubble fields and on furze or low bushes, and is formed by small spiders.
2. Any very thin gauzelike fabric; also, a thin waterproof stuff.
3. An outer garment, made of waterproof gossamer.
Gossamer spider (Zoˆl.), any small or young spider which spins webs by which to sail in the air. See Ballooning spider.
Gos"sa*mer*y (?), a. Like gossamer; flimsy.
The greatest master of gossamery affectation.
De Quincey.
Gos"san (?), n. (Geol.) Decomposed rock, usually reddish or ferruginous (owing to oxidized pyrites), forming the upper part of a metallic vein.
Gos`san*if"er*ous (?), a. [Gossan + -ferous.] Containing or producing gossan.
Gos"sat (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small British marine fish (Motella tricirrata); -- called also whistler and three-bearded rockling. [Prov. Eng.]
Gos"sib (?), n. A gossip. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.
Gos"sip (?), n. [OE. gossib, godsib, a relation or sponsor in baptism, a relation by a religious obligation, AS. godsibb, fr. god + sib alliance, relation; akin to G. sippe, Goth. sibja, and also to Skr. sabh assembly.]
1. A sponsor; a godfather or a godmother.
Should a great lady that was invited to be a gossip, in her place send her kitchen maid, 't would be ill taken.
Selden.
2. A friend or comrade; a companion; a familiar and customary acquaintance. [Obs.]
My noble gossips, ye have been too prodigal.
Shak.
3. One who runs house to house, tattling and telling news; an idle tattler.
The common chat of gossips when they meet.
Dryden.
4. The tattle of a gossip; groundless rumor.
Bubbles o'er like a city with gossip, scandal, and spite.
Tennyson.
Gos"sip, v. t. To stand sponsor to. [Obs.] Shak.
Gos"sip, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gossiped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gossiping.] 1. To make merry. [Obs.] Shak.
2. To prate; to chat; to talk much. Shak.
3. To run about and tattle; to tell idle tales.
Gos"sip*er (?), n. One given to gossip. Beaconsfield.
Gos"sip*rede (?), n. [Cf. Kindred.] The relationship between a person and his sponsors. [Obs.]
Gos"sip*ry (?), n. 1. Spiritual relationship or affinity; gossiprede; special intimacy. Bale.
2. Idle talk; gossip. Mrs. Browning.
Gos"sip*y (?), a. Full of, or given to, gossip.
Gos*soon" (?), n. [Scot. garson an attendant, fr. F. garÁon, OF. gars.] A boy; a servant. [Ireland]
||Gos*syp"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. gossypion, gossipion.] (Bot.) A ||genus of plants which yield the cotton of the arts. The species are ||much confused. G. herbaceum is the name given to the common cotton ||plant, while the long-stapled sea-island cotton is produced by G. ||Barbadense, a shrubby variety. There are several other kinds besides ||these.
Got (?), imp. & p. p. of Get. See Get.
Gote (?), n. [Cf. LG. gote, gaute, canal, G. gosse; akin to giessen to pour, shed, AS. geÛtan, and E. fuse to melt.] A channel for water. [Prov. Eng.] Crose.
Go"ter (?), n. a gutter. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Goth (?), n. [L. Gothi, pl.; cf. Gr. &?;]
1. (Ethnol.) One of an ancient Teutonic race, who dwelt between the Elbe and the Vistula in the early part of the Christian era, and who overran and took an important part in subverting the Roman empire.
Under the reign of Valens, they took possession of Dacia (the modern Transylvania and the adjoining regions), and came to be known as Ostrogoths and Visigoths, or East and West Goths; the former inhabiting countries on the Black Sea up to the Danube, and the latter on this river generally. Some of them took possession of the province of Moesia, and hence were called Moesogoths. Others, who made their way to Scandinavia, at a time unknown to history, are sometimes styled Suiogoths.
2. One who is rude or uncivilized; a barbarian; a rude, ignorant person. Chesterfield.
Go"tham*ist (?), n. A wiseacre; a person deficient in wisdom; -- so called from Gotham, in Nottinghamshire, England, noted for some pleasant blunders. Bp. Morton.
Go"tham*ite (?), n. 1. A gothamist.
2. An inhabitant of New York city. [Jocular] Irving.
Goth"ic (?), a. [L. Gothicus: cf. F. gothique.]
1. Pertaining to the Goths; as, Gothic customs; also, rude; barbarous.
2. (Arch.) Of or pertaining to a style of architecture with pointed arches, steep roofs, windows large in proportion to the wall spaces, and, generally, great height in proportion to the other dimensions -- prevalent in Western Europe from about 1200 to 1475 a. d. See Illust. of Abacus, and Capital.
Goth"ic, n. 1. The language of the Goths; especially, the language of that part of the Visigoths who settled in Moesia in the 4th century. See Goth.
Bishop Ulfilas or Walfila translated most of the Bible into Gothic about the Middle of the 4th century. The portion of this translaton which is preserved is the oldest known literary document in any Teutonic language.
2. A kind of square-cut type, with no hair lines.
This is Nonpareil GOTHIC.
3. (Arch.) The style described in Gothic, a., 2.
Goth"i*cism (?), n. 1. A Gothic idiom.
2. Conformity to the Gothic style of architecture.
3. Rudeness of manners; barbarousness.
Goth"i*cize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gothicized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gothicizing (?).] To make Gothic; to bring back to barbarism.
Gˆ"thite, or Goe"thite (&?;), n. [After the poet Gˆthe.] (Min.) A hydrous oxide of iron, occurring in prismatic crystals, also massive, with a fibrous, reniform, or stalactitic structure. The color varies from yellowish to blackish brown.
Got"ten (?), p. p. of Get.
||Gouache (gwsh), n. [F., It. guazzo.] A method of painting with opaque ||colors, which have been ground in water and mingled with a ||preparation of gum; also, a picture thus painted.
Goud (?), n. [Cf. OF. gaide, F. guËde, fr. OHG. weit; or cf. F. gaude weld. Cf. Woad.] Woad. [Obs.]
||Gou`dron" (?), n. [F., tar.] (Mil.) a small fascine or fagot, steeped ||in wax, pitch, and glue, used in various ways, as for igniting ||buildings or works, or to light ditches and ramparts. Farrow.
Gouge (?), n. [F. gouge. LL. gubia, guvia, gulbia, gulvia, gulvium; cf. Bisc. gubia bow, gubioa throat.]
1. A chisel, with a hollow or semicylindrical blade, for scooping or cutting holes, channels, or grooves, in wood, stone, etc.; a similar instrument, with curved edge, for turning wood.
2. A bookbinder's tool for blind tooling or gilding, having a face which forms a curve.
<! p. 641 !>
3. An incising tool which cuts forms or blanks for gloves, envelopes, etc. from leather, paper, etc. Knight.
4. (Mining) Soft material lying between the wall of a vein and the solid vein. Raymond.
5. The act of scooping out with a gouge, or as with a gouge; a groove or cavity scooped out, as with a gouge.
6. Imposition; cheat; fraud; also, an impostor; a cheat; a trickish person. [Slang, U. S.]
Gouge bit, a boring bit, shaped like a gouge.
Gouge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gouged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gouging (?).] 1. To scoop out with a gouge.
2. To scoop out, as an eye, with the thumb nail; to force out the eye of (a person) with the thumb. [K S.]
A barbarity mentioned by some travelers as formerly practiced in the brutal frays of desperadoes in some parts of the United States.
3. To cheat in a bargain; to chouse. [Slang, U. S.]
Gou"ger (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Plum Gouger.
Gouge"shell` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A sharp-edged, tubular, marine shell, of the genus Vermetus; also, the pinna. See Vermetus.
Gou"jere (?), n. [F. gouge prostitute, a camp trull. Cf. Good-year.] The venereal disease. [Obs.]
Gou"land (?), n. See Golding.
Gou*lard"s" ex"tract" (?). [Named after the introducer, Thomas Goulard, a French surgeon.] (Med.) An aqueous solution of the subacetate of lead, used as a lotion in cases of inflammation. Goulard's cerate is a cerate containing this extract.
Gour (?), n. [See Giaour.] 1. A fire worshiper; a Gheber or Gueber. Tylor.
2. (Zoˆl.) See Koulan.
||Gou"ra (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of several species of large, crested ||ground pigeons of the genus Goura, inhabiting New Guinea and adjacent ||islands. The Queen Victoria pigeon (Goura Victoria) and the crowned ||pigeon (G. coronata) are among the best known species.
Gou"ra*mi (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A very largo East Indian freshwater fish (Osphromenus gorami), extensively reared in artificial ponds in tropical countries, and highly valued as a food fish. Many unsuccessful efforts have been made to introduce it into Southern Europe. [Written also goramy.]
Gourd (?), n. [F. gourde, OF. cougourde, gouhourde, fr. L. cucurbita gourd (cf. NPr. cougourdo); perh. akin to corbin basket, E. corb. Cf. Cucurbite.] 1. (Bot.) A fleshy, three-celled, many-seeded fruit, as the melon, pumpkin, cucumber, etc., of the order CucurbitaceÊ; and especially the bottle gourd (Lagenaria vulgaris) which occurs in a great variety of forms, and, when the interior part is removed, serves for bottles, dippers, cups, and other dishes.
2. A dipper or other vessel made from the shell of a gourd; hence, a drinking vessel; a bottle. Chaucer.
Bitter gourd, colocynth.
Gourd, n. A false die. See Gord.
{ Gourd, Gourde } n. [Sp. gordo large.] A silver dollar; -- so called in Cuba, Hayti, etc. Simmonds.
Gourd"i*ness (?), n. [From Gourdy.] (Far.) The state of being gourdy.
Gourd" tree" (?). (Bot.) A tree (the Crescentia Cujete, or calabash tree) of the West Indies and Central America.
Gourd"worm" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The fluke of sheep. See Fluke.
Gourd"y (?), a. [Either fr. gourd, or fr. F. gourd benumbed.] (Far.) Swelled in the legs.
Gour"mand (?), n. [F.] A greedy or ravenous eater; a glutton. See Gormand.
That great gourmand, fat Apicius
B. Jonson.
||Gour`met" (gr`m"), n. [F.] A connoisseur in eating and drinking; an ||epicure.
Gour"net (g˚r"nt), n. (Zoˆl.) A fish. See Gurnet.
Gout (gout), n. [F. goutte a drop, the gout, the disease being considered as a defluxion, fr. L. gutta drop.]
1. A drop; a clot or coagulation.
On thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood.
Shak.
2. (Med.) A constitutional disease, occurring by paroxysms. It consists in an inflammation of the fibrous and ligamentous parts of the joints, and almost always attacks first the great toe, next the smaller joints, after which it may attack the greater articulations. It is attended with various sympathetic phenomena, particularly in the digestive organs. It may also attack internal organs, as the stomach, the intestines, etc. Dunglison.
3. A disease of cornstalks. See Corn fly, under Corn.
Gout stones. See Chalkstone, n., 2.
||Go˚t (g), n. [F., fr. L. gustus taste. See Gusto.] Taste; relish.
Gout"i*ly (?), adv. In a gouty manner.
Gout"i*ness, n. The state of being gouty; gout.
{ Gout"weed` (&?;), Gout"wort` (?) } n. [So called from having been formerly used in assuaging the pain of the gout.] (Bot.) A coarse umbelliferous plant of Europe (∆gopodium Podagraria); -- called also bishop's weed, ashweed, and herb gerard.
Gout"y (?), a. 1. Diseased with, or subject to, the gout; as, a gouty person; a gouty joint.
2. Pertaining to the gout. "Gouty matter." Blackmore.
3. Swollen, as if from gout. Derham.
4. Boggy; as, gouty land. [Obs.] Spenser.
Gouty bronchitis, bronchitis arising as a secondary disease during the progress of gout. -- Gouty concretions, calculi (urate of sodium) formed in the joints, kidneys, etc., of sufferers from gout. -- Gouty kidney, an affection occurring during the progress of gout, the kidney shriveling and containing concretions of urate of sodium.
Gove (gv), n. [Also goaf, goof, goff.] A mow; a rick for hay. [Obs.] Tusser.
Gov"ern (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Governed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Governing.] [OF. governer, F. gouverner, fr. L. gubernare to steer, pilot, govern, Gr. kyberna^n. Cf. Gubernatorial.] 1. To direct and control, as the actions or conduct of men, either by established laws or by arbitrary will; to regulate by authority. "Fit to govern and rule multitudes." Shak.
2. To regulate; to influence; to direct; to restrain; to manage; as, to govern the life; to govern a horse.
Govern well thy appetite.
Milton.
3. (Gram.) To require to be in a particular case; as, a transitive verb governs a noun in the objective case; or to require (a particular case); as, a transitive verb governs the objective case.
Gov"ern, v. i. To exercise authority; to administer the laws; to have the control. Dryden.
Gov"ern*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Governableness.
Gov"ern*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. gouvernable.] Capable of being governed, or subjected to authority; controllable; manageable; obedient. Locke.
Gov"ern*a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being governable; manageableness.
Gov"ern*al (?), Gov"ern*ail (&?;), n. [Cf. F. gouvernail helm, rudder, L. gubernaculum.] Management; mastery. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.
Gov"ern*ance (?), n. [F. gouvernance.] Exercise of authority; control; government; arrangement. Chaucer. J. H. Newman.
Gov"ern*ante" (?), n. [F. gouvernante. See Govern.] A governess. Sir W. Scott.
Gov"ern*ess (?), n. [Cf. OF. governeresse. See Governor.] A female governor; a woman invested with authority to control and direct; especially, one intrusted with the care and instruction of children, -- usually in their homes.
Gov"ern*ing, a. 1. Holding the superiority; prevalent; controlling; as, a governing wind; a governing party in a state. Jay.
2. (Gram.) Requiring a particular case.
Gov"ern*ment (?), n. [F. gouvernement. See Govern.] 1. The act of governing; the exercise of authority; the administration of laws; control; direction; regulation; as, civil, church, or family government.
2. The mode of governing; the system of polity in a state; the established form of law.
That free government which we have so dearly purchased, free commonwealth.
Milton.
3. The right or power of governing; authority.
I here resign my government to thee.
Shak.
4. The person or persons authorized to administer the laws; the ruling power; the administration.
When we, in England, speak of the government, we generally understand the ministers of the crown for the time being.
Mozley & W.
5. The body politic governed by one authority; a state; as, the governments of Europe.
6. Management of the limbs or body. Shak.
7. (Gram.) The influence of a word in regard to construction, requiring that another word should be in a particular case.
Gov"ern*men"tal (?), a. [Cf. F. gouvernemental.] Pertaining to government; made by government; as, governmental duties.
Gov"ern*or (?), n. [OE. governor, governour, OF. governeor, F. gouverneur, fr. L. gubernator steersman, ruler, governor. See Govern.] 1. One who governs; especially, one who is invested with the supreme executive authority in a State; a chief ruler or magistrate; as, the governor of Pennsylvania. "The governor of the town." Shak.
2. One who has the care or guardianship of a young man; a tutor; a guardian.
3. (Naut.) A pilot; a steersman. [R.]
4. (Mach.) A contrivance applied to steam engines, water wheels, and other machinery, to maintain nearly uniform speed when the resistances and motive force are variable.
The illustration shows a form of governor commonly used for steam engines, in wich a heavy sleeve (a) sliding on a rapidly revolving spindle (b), driven by the engine, is raised or lowered, when the speed varies, by the changing centrifugal force of two balls (c c) to which it is connected by links (d d), the balls being attached to arms (e e) which are jointed to the top of the spindle. The sleeve is connected with the throttle valve or cut-off through a lever (f), and its motion produces a greater supply of steam when the engine runs too slowly and a less supply when too fast.
Governor cut-off (Steam Engine), a variable cut-off gear in which the governor acts in such a way as to cause the steam to be cut off from entering the cylinder at points of the stroke dependent upon the engine's speed. -- Hydraulic governor (Mach.), a governor which is operated by the action of a liquid in flowing; a cataract.
Gov"ern*or gen"er*al (?). A governor who has lieutenant or deputy governors under him; as, the governor general of Canada, of India.
Gov"ern*or*ship, n. The office of a governor.
Gow"an (?), n. [Scot., fr. Gael. gugan bud, flower, daisy.] 1. The daisy, or mountain daisy. [Scot.]
And pu'd the gowans fine.
Burns.
2. (Min.) Decomposed granite.
Gow"an*y (?), a. Having, abounding in, or decked with, daisies. [Scot.]
Sweeter than gowany glens or new-mown hay.
Ramsay.
Gowd (?), n. [Cf. Gold.] Gold; wealth. [Scot.]
The man's the gowd for a' that.
Burns.
Gowd"en (?), a. Golden. [Scot.]
Gow"die (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Dragont. [Scot.]
Gowd"nook" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The saury pike; -- called also gofnick.
Gowk (?), v. t. [See Gawk.] To make a, booby of one); to stupefy. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
Gowk, n. [See Gawk.] (Zoˆl.) 1. The European cuckoo; -- called also gawky.
2. A simpleton; a gawk or gawky.
Gowl (?), v. i. [OE. gaulen, goulen. Cf. Yawl, v. i.] To howl. [Obs.] Wyclif.
Gown (?), n. [OE. goune, prob. from W. gwn gown, loose robe, akin to Ir. gunn, Gael. g˘n; cf. OF. gone, prob. of the same origin.] 1. A loose, flowing upper garment; especially: (a) The ordinary outer dress of a woman; as, a calico or silk gown. (b) The official robe of certain professional men and scholars, as university students and officers, barristers, judges, etc.; hence, the dress of peace; the dress of civil officers, in distinction from military.
He Mars deposed, and arms to gowns made yield.
Dryden.
(c) A loose wrapper worn by gentlemen within doors; a dressing gown.
2. Any sort of dress or garb.
He comes . . . in the gown of humility.
Shak.
Gowned (?), p. a. Dressed in a gown; clad.
Gowned in pure white, that fitted to the shape.
Tennyson.
Gowns"man (?), Gown"man (&?;), n.; pl. -men (-men). One whose professional habit is a gown, as a divine or lawyer, and particularly a member of an English university; hence, a civilian, in distinction from a soldier.
Goz"zard (?), n. See Gosherd. [Prov. Eng.]
Graaf"i*an (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or discovered by, Regnier de Graaf, a Dutch physician.
Graafian follicles or vesicles, small cavities in which the ova are developed in the ovaries of mammals, and by the bursting of which they are discharged.
Graal (grl), n. See Grail, a dish.
Grab (grb), n. [Ar. & Hind. ghurb crow, raven, a kind of Arab ship.] (Naut.) A vessel used on the Malabar coast, having two or three masts.
Grab (grb), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Grabbed (grbd); p. pr. & vb. n. Grabbing.] [Akin to Sw. grabba to grasp. Cf. Grabble, Grapple, Grasp.] To gripe suddenly; to seize; to snatch; to clutch.
Grab, n. 1. A sudden grasp or seizure.
2. An instrument for clutching objects for the purpose of raising them; -- specially applied to devices for withdrawing drills, etc., from artesian and other wells that are drilled, bored, or driven.
Grab bag, at fairs, a bag or box holding small articles which are to be drawn, without being seen, on payment of a small sum. [Colloq.] -- Grab game, a theft committed by grabbing or snatching a purse or other piece of property. [Colloq.]
Grab"ber (?), n. One who seizes or grabs.
Grab"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grabbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grabbling (&?;).] [Freq. of grab; cf. D. grabbelen.] 1. To grope; to feel with the hands.
He puts his hands into his pockets, and keeps a grabbling and fumbling.
Selden.
2. To lie prostrate on the belly; to sprawl on the ground; to grovel. Ainsworth.
Grace (?), n. [F. gr‚ce, L. gratia, from gratus beloved, dear, agreeable; perh. akin to Gr. &?; to rejoice, &?; favor, grace, Skr. hary to desire, and E. yearn. Cf. Grateful, Gratis.] 1. The exercise of love, kindness, mercy, favor; disposition to benefit or serve another; favor bestowed or privilege conferred.
To bow and sue for grace With suppliant knee.
Milton.
2. (Theol.) The divine favor toward man; the mercy of God, as distinguished from His justice; also, any benefits His mercy imparts; divine love or pardon; a state of acceptance with God; enjoyment of the divine favor.
And if by grace, then is it no more of works.
Rom. xi. 6.
My grace is sufficicnt for thee.
2 Cor. xii. 9.
Where sin abounded, grace did much more abound.
Rom. v. 20.
By whom also we have access by faith into this grace wherein we stand.
Rom. v.2
3. (Law) (a) The prerogative of mercy execised by the executive, as pardon. (b) The same prerogative when exercised in the form of equitable relief through chancery.
4. Fortune; luck; -- used commonly with hard or sorry when it means misfortune. [Obs.] Chaucer.
5. Inherent excellence; any endowment or characteristic fitted to win favor or confer pleasure or benefit.
He is complete in feature and in mind. With all good grace to grace a gentleman.
Shak.
I have formerly given the general character of Mr. Addison's style and manner as natural and unaffected, easy and polite, and full of those graces which a flowery imagination diffuses over writing.
Blair.
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6. Beauty, physical, intellectual, or moral; loveliness; commonly, easy elegance of manners; perfection of form.
Grace in women gains the affections sooner, and secures them longer, than any thing else.
Hazlitt.
I shall answer and thank you again For the gift and the grace of the gift.
Longfellow.
7. pl. (Myth.) Graceful and beautiful females, sister goddesses, represented by ancient writers as the attendants sometimes of Apollo but oftener of Venus. They were commonly mentioned as three in number; namely, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, and were regarded as the inspirers of the qualities which give attractiveness to wisdom, love, and social intercourse.
The Graces love to weave the rose.
Moore.
The Loves delighted, and the Graces played.
Prior.
8. The title of a duke, a duchess, or an archbishop, and formerly of the king of England.
How fares your Grace !
Shak.
9. (Commonly pl.) Thanks. [Obs.]
Yielding graces and thankings to their lord Melibeus.
Chaucer.
10. A petition for grace; a blessing asked, or thanks rendered, before or after a meal.
11. pl. (Mus.) Ornamental notes or short passages, either introduced by the performer, or indicated by the composer, in which case the notation signs are called grace notes, appeggiaturas, turns, etc.
12. (Eng. Universities) An act, vote, or decree of the government of the institution; a degree or privilege conferred by such vote or decree. Walton.
13. pl. A play designed to promote or display grace of motion. It consists in throwing a small hoop from one player to another, by means of two sticks in the hands of each. Called also grace hoop or hoops.
Act of grace. See under Act. -- Day of grace (Theol.), the time of probation, when the offer of divine forgiveness is made and may be accepted.
That day of grace fleets fast away.
I. Watts.
-- Days of grace (Com.), the days immediately following the day when a bill or note becomes due, which days are allowed to the debtor or payer to make payment in. In Great Britain and the United States, the days of grace are three, but in some countries more, the usages of merchants being different. -- Good graces, favor; friendship. -- Grace cup. (a) A cup or vessel in which a health is drunk after grace. (b) A health drunk after grace has been said.
The grace cup follows to his sovereign's health.
Hing.
-- Grace drink, a drink taken on rising from the table; a grace cup.
To [Queen Margaret, of Scotland] . . . we owe the custom of the grace drink, she having established it as a rule at her table, that whosoever staid till grace was said was rewarded with a bumper.
Encyc. Brit.
-- Grace hoop, a hoop used in playing graces. See Grace, n., 13. -- Grace note (Mus.), an appoggiatura. See Appoggiatura, and def. 11 above. -- Grace stroke, a finishing stoke or touch; a coup de grace. -- Means of grace, means of securing knowledge of God, or favor with God, as the preaching of the gospel, etc. -- To do grace, to reflect credit upon.
Content to do the profession some grace.
Shak.
-- To say grace, to render thanks before or after a meal. -- With a good grace, in a fit and proper manner grace fully; graciously. -- With a bad grace, in a forced, reluctant, or perfunctory manner; ungraciously.
What might have been done with a good grace would at least be done with a bad grace.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Elegance; comeliness; charm; favor; kindness; mercy. -- Grace, Mercy. These words, though often interchanged, have each a distinctive and peculiar meaning. Grace, in the strict sense of the term, is spontaneous favor to the guilty or undeserving; mercy is kindness or compassion to the suffering or condemned. It was the grace of God that opened a way for the exercise of mercy toward men. See Elegance.
Grace (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gracing (?).] 1. To adorn; to decorate; to embellish and dignify.
Great Jove and Phoebus graced his noble line.
Pope.
We are graced with wreaths of victory.
Shak.
2. To dignify or raise by an act of favor; to honor.
He might, at his pleasure, grace or disgrace whom he would in court.
Knolles.
3. To supply with heavenly grace. Bp. Hall.
4. (Mus.) To add grace notes, cadenzas, etc., to.
Graced (?), a. Endowed with grace; beautiful; full of graces; honorable. Shak.
Grace"ful (?), a. Displaying grace or beauty in form or action; elegant; easy; agreeable in appearance; as, a graceful walk, deportment, speaker, air, act, speech.
High o'er the rest in arms the graceful Turnus rode.
Dryden.
-- Grace"ful*ly, adv. Grace"ful*ness, n.
Grace"less, a. 1. Wanting in grace or excellence; departed from, or deprived of, divine grace; hence, depraved; corrupt. "In a graceless age." Milton.
2. Unfortunate. Cf. Grace, n., 4. [Obs.] Chaucer.
-- Grace"less*ly, adv. -- Grace"less-ness, n.
{ Grac"ile (?), Grac"il*lent (?) } a. [L. gracilis, gracilentus.] Slender; thin. [Obs.] Bailey.
Gra*cil"i*ty (?), n. [L. gracilitas; cf. F. gracilitÈ.] State of being gracilent; slenderness. Milman. "Youthful gracility." W. D. Howells.
Gra"cious (gr"shs), a. [F. gracieux, L. gratiosus. See Grace.] 1. Abounding in grace or mercy; manifesting love, or bestowing mercy; characterized by grace; beneficent; merciful; disposed to show kindness or favor; condescending; as, his most gracious majesty.
A god ready to pardon, gracious and merciful.
Neh. ix. 17.
So hallowed and so gracious in the time.
Shak.
2. Abounding in beauty, loveliness, or amiability; graceful; excellent.
Since the birth of Cain, the first male child, . . . There was not such a gracious creature born.
Shak.
3. Produced by divine grace; influenced or controlled by the divine influence; as, gracious affections.
Syn. -- Favorable; kind; benevolent; friendly; beneficent; benignant; merciful.
Gra"cious*ly (?), adv. 1. In a gracious manner; courteously; benignantly. Dryden.
2. Fortunately; luckily. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gra"cious*ness, n. Quality of being gracious.
Grac"kle (?), n. [Cf. L. graculus jackdaw.] (Zoˆl.) (a) One of several American blackbirds, of the family IcteridÊ; as, the rusty grackle (Scolecophagus Carolinus); the boat-tailed grackle (see Boat-tail); the purple grackle (Quiscalus quiscula, or Q. versicolor). See Crow blackbird, under Crow. (b) An Asiatic bird of the genus Gracula. See Myna.
Gra"date (?), v. t. [See Grade.] 1. To grade or arrange (parts in a whole, colors in painting, etc.), so that they shall harmonize.
2. (Chem.) To bring to a certain strength or grade of concentration; as, to gradate a saline solution.
Gra*da"tion (?), n., [L. gradatio: cf. F. gradation. See Grade.] 1. The act of progressing by regular steps or orderly arrangement; the state of being graded or arranged in ranks; as, the gradation of castes.
2. The act or process of bringing to a certain grade.
3. Any degree or relative position in an order or series.
The several gradations of the intelligent universe.
I. Taylor.
4. (Fine Arts) A gradual passing from one tint to another or from a darker to a lighter shade, as in painting or drawing.
6. (Mus.) A diatonic ascending or descending succession of chords.
Gra*da"tion, v. t. To form with gradations. [R.]
Gra*da"tion*al (?), a. By regular steps or gradations; of or pertaining to gradation.
Grad"a*to*ry (?), a. [See Grade.] 1. Proceeding step by step, or by gradations; gradual.
Could we have seen [Macbeth's] crimes darkening on their progress . . . could this gradatory apostasy have been shown us.
A. Seward.
2. (Zoˆl.) Suitable for walking; -- said of the limbs of an animal when adapted for walking on land.
Grad"a*to*ry, n. [Cf. LL. gradatarium.] (Arch.) A series of steps from a cloister into a church.
Grade (?), n. [F. grade, L. gradus step, pace, grade, from gradi to step, go. Cf. Congress, Degree, Gradus.] 1. A step or degree in any series, rank, quality, order; relative position or standing; as, grades of military rank; crimes of every grade; grades of flour.
They also appointed and removed, at their own pleasure, teachers of every grade.
Buckle.
2. In a railroad or highway: (a) The rate of ascent or descent; gradient; deviation from a level surface to an inclined plane; -- usually stated as so many feet per mile, or as one foot rise or fall in so many of horizontal distance; as, a heavy grade; a grade of twenty feet per mile, or of 1 in 264. (b) A graded ascending, descending, or level portion of a road; a gradient.
3. (Stock Breeding) The result of crossing a native stock with some better breed. If the crossbreed have more than three fourths of the better blood, it is called high grade.
At grade, on the same level; -- said of the crossing of a railroad with another railroad or a highway, when they are on the same level at the point of crossing. -- Down grade, a descent, as on a graded railroad. -- Up grade, an ascent, as on a graded railroad. -- Equating for grades. See under Equate. -- Grade crossing, a crossing at grade.
Grade, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graded; p. pr. & vb. n. Grading.] 1. To arrange in order, steps, or degrees, according to size, quality, rank, etc.
2. To reduce to a level, or to an evenly progressive ascent, as the line of a canal or road.
3. (Stock Breeding) To cross with some better breed; to improve the blood of.
Grade"ly, a. [Cf. AS. grad grade, step, order, fr. L. gradus. See Grade.] Decent; orderly. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. -- adv. Decently; in order. [Prov. Eng.]
Grad"er (?), n. One who grades, or that by means of which grading is done or facilitated.
Gra"di*ent (?), a. [L. gradiens, p. pr. of gradi to step, to go. See Grade.] 1. Moving by steps; walking; as, gradient automata. Wilkins.
2. Rising or descending by regular degrees of inclination; as, the gradient line of a railroad.
3. Adapted for walking, as the feet of certain birds.
Gra"di*ent, n. 1. The rate of regular or graded ascent or descent in a road; grade.
2. A part of a road which slopes upward or downward; a portion of a way not level; a grade.
3. The rate of increase or decrease of a variable magnitude, or the curve which represents it; as, a thermometric gradient.
Gradient post, a post or stake indicating by its height or by marks on it the grade of a railroad, highway, or embankment, etc., at that spot.
{ ||Gra"din (?), Gra*dine" (?),} n. [F. gradin, dim. of grade. See Grade.] (Arch.) Any member like a step, as the raised back of an altar or the like; a set raised over another. "The gradines of the amphitheeater." Layard.
Gra*dine" (?), n. [F. gradine.] A toothed chised by sculptors.
Grad"ing (?), n. The act or method of arranging in or by grade, or of bringing, as the surface of land or a road, to the desired level or grade.
||Gra*di"no (?), n.; pl. Gradinos (#). [It.] (Arch.) A step or raised ||shelf, as above a sideboard or altar. Cf. Superaltar, and Gradin.
Grad"u*al" (?); a. [Cf; F. graduel. See Grade, and cf. Gradual, n.] Proceeding by steps or degrees; advancing, step by step, as in ascent or descent or from one state to another; regularly progressive; slow; as, a gradual increase of knowledge; a gradual decline.
Creatures animate with gradual life Of growth, sense, reason, all summed up in man.
Milton.
Grad"u*al, n. [LL. graduale a gradual (in sense 1), fr. L. gradus step: cf. F. graduel. See Grade, and cf. Grail a gradual.] 1. (R. C. Ch.) (a) An antiphon or responsory after the epistle, in the Mass, which was sung on the steps, or while the deacon ascended the steps. (b) A service book containing the musical portions of the Mass.
2. A series of steps. [Obs.] Dryden.
Grad"u*al"i*ty (?), n. The state of being gradual; gradualness. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
Grad"u*al*ly (?), adv. 1. In a gradual manner.
2. In degree. [Obs.]
Human reason doth not only gradually, but specifically, differ from the fantastic reason of brutes.
Grew.
Grad"u*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being gradual; regular progression or gradation; slowness.
The gradualness of this movement.
M. Arnold.
The gradualness of growth is a characteristic which strikes the simplest observer.
H. Drummond.
Grad"u*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graduated (?) p. pr. & vb. n. Graduating (&?;).] [Cf. F. graduer. See Graduate, n., Grade.]
1. To mark with degrees; to divide into regular steps, grades, or intervals, as the scale of a thermometer, a scheme of punishment or rewards, etc.
2. To admit or elevate to a certain grade or degree; esp., in a college or university, to admit, at the close of the course, to an honorable standing defined by a diploma; as, he was graduated at Yale College.
3. To prepare gradually; to arrange, temper, or modify by degrees or to a certain degree; to determine the degrees of; as, to graduate the heat of an oven.
Dyers advance and graduate their colors with salts.
Browne.
4. (Chem.) To bring to a certain degree of consistency, by evaporation, as a fluid.
Graduating engine, a dividing engine. See Dividing engine, under Dividing.
Grad"u*ate, v. i. 1. To pass by degrees; to change gradually; to shade off; as, sandstone which graduates into gneiss; carnelian sometimes graduates into quartz.
2. (Zoˆl.) To taper, as the tail of certain birds.
3. To take a degree in a college or university; to become a graduate; to receive a diploma.
He graduated at Oxford.
Latham.
He was brought to their bar and asked where he had graduated.
Macaulay.
Grad"u*ate (?), n. [LL. graduatus, p. p. of graduare to admit to a degree, fr. L. gradus grade. See Grade, n.] 1. One who has received an academical or professional degree; one who has completed the prescribed course of study in any school or institution of learning.
2. A graduated cup, tube, or flask; a measuring glass used by apothecaries and chemists. See under Graduated.
Grad"u*ate, a. [See Graduate, n. & v.] Arranged by successive steps or degrees; graduated.
Beginning with the genus, passing through all the graduate and subordinate stages.
Tatham.
Grad"u*a"ted (?), a. 1. Marked with, or divided into, degrees; divided into grades.
2. (Zoˆl.) Tapered; -- said of a bird's tail when the outer feathers are shortest, and the others successively longer.
Graduated tube, bottle, cap, or glass, a vessel, usually of glass, having horizontal marks upon its sides, with figures, to indicate the amount of the contents at the several levels. -- Graduated spring (Railroads), a combination of metallic and rubber springs.
Grad"u*ate*ship, n. State of being a graduate. Milton.
Grad"u*a"tion (?), n. [LL. graduatio promotion to a degree: cf. F. graduation division into degrees.]
1. The act of graduating, or the state of being graduated; as, graduation of a scale; graduation at a college; graduation in color; graduation by evaporation; the graduation of a bird's tail, etc.
2. The marks on an instrument or vessel to indicate degrees or quantity; a scale.
3. The exposure of a liquid in large surfaces to the air, so as to hasten its evaporation.
Grad"u*a"tor (?), n. 1. One who determines or indicates graduation; as, a graduator of instruments.
2. An instrument for dividing any line, right or curve, into small, regular intervals.
3. An apparatus for diffusing a solution, as brine or vinegar, over a large surface, for exposure to the air.
||Gra"dus (?), n. [From L. gradus ad Parnassum a step to Parnassus.] A ||dictionary of prosody, designed as an aid in writing Greek or Latin ||poetry.
He set to work . . . without gradus or other help.
T. Hughes.
||Graf (?), n. [G. Cf. -grave.] A German title of nobility, equivalent ||to earl in English, or count in French. See Earl.
Graff (?), n. [OE. grafe, greife, greive. Cf. Margrave.] A steward; an overseer.
[A prince] is nothing but a servant, overseer, or graff, and not the head, which is a title belonging only to Christ.
John Knox.
Graff n. & v. See Graft.
Graff"age (?), n. [Cf. Grave, n.] The scarp of a ditch or moat. "To clean the graffages." Miss Mitford.
Graf"fer (?), n. [See Greffier.] (Law.) a notary or scrivener. Bouvier.
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||Graf*fi"ti (?), n. pl. [It., pl. of graffito scratched] Inscriptions, ||figure drawings, etc., found on the walls of ancient sepulchers or ||ruins, as in the Catacombs, or at Pompeii.
Graft (?), n. [OE. graff, F. greffe, originally the same word as OF. grafe pencil, L. graphium, Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. &?; to write; prob. akin to E. carve. So named from the resemblance of a scion or shoot to a pointed pencil. Cf. Graphic, Grammar.] (a) A small shoot or scion of a tree inserted in another tree, the stock of which is to support and nourish it. The two unite and become one tree, but the graft determines the kind of fruit. (b) A branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot. (c) (Surg.) A portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty.
Graft, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grafted; p. pr. & vb. n. Grafting.] [F. greffer. See Graft, n.] 1. To insert (a graft) in a branch or stem of another tree; to propagate by insertion in another stock; also, to insert a graft upon. [Formerly written graff.]
2. (Surg.) To implant a portion of (living flesh or akin) in a lesion so as to form an organic union.
3. To join (one thing) to another as if by grafting, so as to bring about a close union.
And graft my love immortal on thy fame !
Pope.
4. (Naut.) To cover, as a ring bolt, block strap, splicing, etc., with a weaving of small cord or rope- yarns.
Graft, v. i. To insert scions from one tree, or kind of tree, etc., into another; to practice grafting.
Graft"er (?), n. 1. One who inserts scions on other stocks, or propagates fruit by ingrafting.
2. An instrument by which grafting is facilitated.
3. The original tree from which a scion has been taken for grafting upon another tree. Shak.
Graft"ing n. 1. (Hort.) The act, art, or process of inserting grafts.
2. (Naut.) The act or method of weaving a cover for a ring, rope end, etc.
3. (Surg.) The transplanting of a portion of flesh or skin to a denuded surface; autoplasty.
4. (Carp.) A scarfing or endwise attachment of one timber to another.
Cleft grafting (Hort.) a method of grafting in which the scion is placed in a cleft or slit in the stock or stump made by sawing off a branch, usually in such a manaer that its bark evenly joins that of the stock. -- Crown, or Rind, grafting, a method of grafting which the alburnum and inner bark are separated, and between them is inserted the lower end of the scion cut slantwise. -- Saddle grafting, a mode of grafting in which a deep cleft is made in the end of the scion by two sloping cuts, and the end of the stock is made wedge-shaped to fit the cleft in the scion, which is placed upon it saddlewise. -- Side grafting, a mode of grafting in which the scion, cut quite across very obliquely, so as to give it the form of a slender wedge, is thrust down inside of the bark of the stock or stem into which it is inserted, the cut side of the scion being next the wood of the stock. -- Skin grafting. (Surg.) See Autoplasty. -- Splice grafting (Hort.), a method of grafting by cutting the ends of the scion and stock completely across and obliquely, in such a manner that the sections are of the same shape, then lapping the ends so that the one cut surface exactly fits the other, and securing them by tying or otherwise. -- Whip grafting, tongue grafting, the same as splice grafting, except that a cleft or slit is made in the end of both scion and stock, in the direction of the grain and in the middle of the sloping surface, forming a kind of tongue, so that when put together, the tongue of each is inserted in the slit of the other. -- Grafting scissors, a surgeon's scissors, used in rhinoplastic operations, etc. -- Grafting tool. (a) Any tool used in grafting. (b) A very strong curved spade used in digging canals. -- Grafting wax, a composition of rosin, beeswax tallow, etc., used in binding up the wounds of newly grafted trees.
Gra"ham bread" (?). [From Sylvester Graham, a lecturer on dietetics.] Bread made of unbolted wheat flour. [U. S.] Bartlett.
Gra"ham*ite (?), n. [See Graham bread.] One who follows the dietetic system of Graham. [U. S.]
Grail (?), n. [OF. greel, LL. gradale. See Gradual, n.] A book of offices in the Roman Catholic Church; a gradual. [Obs.] T. Warton.
Such as antiphonals, missals, grails, processionals, etc.
Strype.
Grail, n. [OF. graal, greal, greet, F. graal, grÈal, LL. gradalis, gradale, prob. derived fr. L. crater bowl, mixing vessel, Gr. krath`r. See Crater.] A broad, open dish; a chalice; -- only used of the Holy Grail.
The Holy Grail, according to some legends of the Middle Ages, was the cup used by our Savior in dispensing the wine at the last supper; and according to others, the platter on which the paschal lamb was served at the last Passover observed by our Lord. This cup, according to the legend, if appoached by any but a perfectly pure and holy person, would be borne away and vanish from the sight. The quest of the Holy Grail was to be undertaken only by a knight who was perfectly chaste in thought, word, and act.
Grail, n. [F. grÍle hail, from gr…s grit, OHG. griex, grioz, G. gries, gravel, grit. See Grit.] Small particles of earth; gravel. [Obs.]
Lying down upon the sandy grail.
Spenser.
Grail (grl), n. [Cf. OF. graite slender, F. grÍte.] One of the small feathers of a hawk.
Graille (grl), n. [Cf. F. grÍle a sort of file.] A halfround single-cut file or fioat, having one curved face and one straight face, -- used by comb makers. Knight.
Grain, v. & n. See Groan. [Obs.]
Grain (grn), n. [F. grain, L. granum, grain, seed, small kernel, small particle. See Corn, and cf. Garner, n., Garnet, Gram the chick-pea, Granule, Kernel.]
1. A single small hard seed; a kernel, especially of those plants, like wheat, whose seeds are used for food.
2. The fruit of certain grasses which furnish the chief food of man, as corn, wheat, rye, oats, etc., or the plants themselves; -- used collectively.
Storehouses crammed with grain.
Shak.
3. Any small, hard particle, as of sand, sugar, salt, etc.; hence, any minute portion or particle; as, a grain of gunpowder, of pollen, of starch, of sense, of wit, etc.
I . . . with a grain of manhood well resolved.
Milton.
4. The unit of the English system of weights; -- so called because considered equal to the average of grains taken from the middle of the ears of wheat. 7,000 grains constitute the pound avoirdupois, and 5,760 grains the pound troy. A grain is equal to .0648 gram. See Gram.
5. A reddish dye made from the coccus insect, or kermes; hence, a red color of any tint or hue, as crimson, scarlet, etc.; sometimes used by the poets as equivalent to Tyrian purple.
All in a robe of darkest grain.
Milton.
Doing as the dyers do, who, having first dipped their silks in colors of less value, then give' them the last tincture of crimson in grain.
Quoted by Coleridge, preface to Aids to Reflection.
6. The composite particles of any substance; that arrangement of the particles of any body which determines its comparative roughness or hardness; texture; as, marble, sugar, sandstone, etc., of fine grain.
Hard box, and linden of a softer grain.
Dryden.
7. The direction, arrangement, or appearance of the fibers in wood, or of the strata in stone, slate, etc.
Knots, by the conflux of meeting sap, Infect the sound pine and divert his grain Tortive and errant from his course of growth.
Shak.
8. The fiber which forms the substance of wood or of any fibrous material.
9. The hair side of a piece of leather, or the marking on that side. Knight.
10. pl. The remains of grain, etc., after brewing or distillation; hence, any residuum. Also called draff.
11. (Bot.) A rounded prominence on the back of a sepal, as in the common dock. See Grained, a., 4.
12. Temper; natural disposition; inclination. [Obs.]
Brothers . . . not united in grain.
Hayward.
13. A sort of spice, the grain of paradise. [Obs.]
He cheweth grain and licorice, To smellen sweet.
Chaucer.
Against the grain, against or across the direction of the fibers; hence, against one's wishes or tastes; unwillingly; unpleasantly; reluctantly; with difficulty. Swift. Saintsbury.-- A grain of allowance, a slight indulgence or latitude a small allowance. -- Grain binder, an attachment to a harvester for binding the grain into sheaves. -- Grain colors, dyes made from the coccus or kermes insect. -- Grain leather. (a) Dressed horse hides. (b) Goat, seal, and other skins blacked on the grain side for women's shoes, etc. -- Grain moth (Zoˆl.), one of several small moths, of the family TineidÊ (as Tinea granella and Butalis cerealella), whose larvÊ devour grain in storehouses. -- Grain side (Leather), the side of a skin or hide from which the hair has been removed; -- opposed to flesh side. -- Grains of paradise, the seeds of a species of amomum. -- grain tin, crystalline tin ore metallic tin smelted with charcoal. -- Grain weevil (Zoˆl.), a small red weevil (Sitophilus granarius), which destroys stored wheat and other grain, by eating out the interior. -- Grain worm (Zoˆl.), the larva of the grain moth. See grain moth, above. -- In grain, of a fast color; deeply seated; fixed; innate; genuine. "Anguish in grain." Herbert. -- To dye in grain, to dye of a fast color by means of the coccus or kermes grain [see Grain, n., 5]; hence, to dye firmly; also, to dye in the wool, or in the raw material. See under Dye.
The red roses flush up in her cheeks . . . Likce crimson dyed in grain.
Spenser.
-- To go against the grain of (a person), to be repugnant to; to vex, irritate, mortify, or trouble.
Grain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grained (grnd); p. pr. & vb. n. Graining.] 1. To paint in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.
2. To form (powder, sugar, etc.) into grains.
3. To take the hair off (skins); to soften and raise the grain of (leather, etc.).
Grain, v. i. [F. grainer, grener. See Grain, n.] 1. To yield fruit. [Obs.] Gower.
2. To form grains, or to assume a granular form, as the result of crystallization; to granulate.
Grain (grn), n. [See Groin a part of the body.]
1. A branch of a tree; a stalk or stem of a plant. [Obs.] G. Douglas.
2. A tine, prong, or fork. Specifically: (a) One the branches of a valley or of a river. (b) pl. An iron fish spear or harpoon, having four or more barbed points.
3. A blade of a sword, knife, etc.
4. (Founding) A thin piece of metal, used in a mold to steady a core.
Grained (grnd), a. 1. Having a grain; divided into small particles or grains; showing the grain; hence, rough.
2. Dyed in grain; ingrained.
Persons lightly dipped, not grained, in generous honesty, are but pale in goodness.
Sir T. Browne.
3. Painted or stained in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.
4. (Bot.) Having tubercles or grainlike processes, as the petals or sepals of some flowers.
Grain"er (grn"r), n. 1. An infusion of pigeon's dung used by tanners to neutralize the effects of lime and give flexibility to skins; -- called also grains and bate.
2. A knife for taking the hair off skins.
3. One who paints in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.; also, the brush or tool used in graining.
Grain"field` (-fld`), n. A field where grain is grown.
Grain"ing, n. 1. Indentation; roughening; milling, as on edges of coins. Locke.
2. A process in dressing leather, by which the skin is softened and the grain raised.
3. Painting or staining, in imitation of the grain of wood, stone, etc.
4. (Soap Making) The process of separating soap from spent lye, as with salt.
Grain"ing, n. (Zoˆl.) A small European fresh-water fish (Leuciscus vulgaris); - - called also dobule, and dace.
Grains (grnz), n. pl. 1. See 5th Grain, n., 2 (b).
2. Pigeon's dung used in tanning. See Grainer. n., 1.
Grain"y (grn"), a. Resembling grains; granular.
Graip (grp), n. [Perh. akin to grope, gripe.] A dungfork. [Scot.] Burns.
Graith (grth), v. t. [Obs.] See Greith. Chaucer.
Graith, n. Furniture; apparatus or accouterments for work, traveling, war, etc. [Scot.] Jamieson.
Gra"kle (grk"'l), n. (Zoˆl.) See Grackle.
||Gral"lÊ (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. grallae stilts, for gradulae, fr. ||gradus. See Grade.] (Zoˆl.) An order of birds which formerly included ||all the waders. By later writers it is usually restricted to the ||sandpipers, plovers, and allied forms; -- called also Grallatores.
||Gral"la*to"res (?), n. pl. [NL. from L. grallator one who runs on ||stilts.] (Zo\94l.) See GrallÊ.
Gral`la*to"ri*al (?), Gral"la*to*ry (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Grallatores, or waders.
Gral"lic (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the GrallÊ.
Gral"line (ln), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the GrallÊ.
Gral"loch (?), n. Offal of a deer. -- v. t. To remove the offal from (a deer).
-gram (?). [Gr. ? a thing drawn or written, a letter, fr. gra`fein to draw, write. See Graphic.] A suffix indicating something drawn or written, a drawing, writing; -- as, monogram, telegram, chronogram.
Gram (?), a. [AS. gram; akin to E. grim. √35.] Angry. [Obs.] Havelok, the Dane.
Gram, n. [Pg. gr?o grain. See Grain.] (Bot.) The East Indian name of the chick- pea (Cicer arietinum) and its seeds; also, other similar seeds there used for food.
Gram, Gramme (?), n. [F. gramme, from Gr. ? that which is written, a letter, a small weight, fr. ? to write. See Graphic.] The unit of weight in the metric system. It was intended to be exactly, and is very nearly, equivalent to the weight in a vacuum of one cubic centimeter of pure water at its maximum density. It is equal to 15.432 grains. See Grain, n., 4.
Gram degree, or Gramme degree (Physics), a unit of heat, being the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of pure water one degree centigrade. -- Gram equivalent (Electrolysis), that quantity of the metal which will replace one gram of hydrogen.
Gra"ma grass` (?). [Sp. grama a sort of grass.] (Bot.) The name of several kinds of pasture grasses found in the Western United States, esp. the Bouteloua oligostachya.
Gram"a*rye (?), n. [OE. gramer, grameri, gramori, grammar, magic, OF. gramaire, F. grammaire. See Grammar.] Necromancy; magic. Sir W. Scott.
Gra*mash"es (?), n. pl. [See Gamashes.] Gaiters reaching to the knee; leggings.
Strong gramashes, or leggings of thick gray cloth.
Sir W. Scott.
Grame (?), n. [See Gram, a.] 1. Anger; wrath; scorn. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. Sorrow; grief; misery. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gra*mer"cy (?), interj. [F. grand- merci. See Grand, and Mercy.] A word formerly used to express thankfulness, with surprise; many thanks.
Gramercy, Mammon, said the gentle knight.
Spenser.
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Gram"i*na"ceous (?), a. [L. gramen, graminis, grass.] Pertaining to, or resembling, the grasses; gramineous; as, graminaceous plants.
Gra*min"e*al (?), a. Gramineous.
Gra*min"e*ous (?), a. [L. gramineus, fr. gramen, graminis, grass.] (Bot.) Like, Or pertaining to, grass. See Grass, n., 2.
Gram"i*ni*fo"li*ous (?), a. [L. gramen, graminis, grass + folium leaf.] (Bot.) Bearing leaves resembling those of grass.
Gram"i*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L. gramen, graminis, grass + vorare to eat greedily.] Feeding or subsisting on grass, and the like food; -- said of horses, cattle, and other animals.
Gram"ma*logue (grm"m*lg), n. [Gr. gra`mma letter + lo`gos word. Cf. Logogram.] (Phonography) Literally, a letter word; a word represented by a logogram; as, it, represented by |, that is, t. Pitman.
Gram"mar (?), n. [OE. gramere, OF. gramaire, F. grammaire Prob. fr. L. gramatica Gr &?;, fem. of &?; skilled in grammar, fr. &?; letter. See Gramme, Graphic, and cf. Grammatical, Gramarye.] 1. The science which treats of the principles of language; the study of forms of speech, and their relations to one another; the art concerned with the right use and application of the rules of a language, in speaking or writing.
The whole fabric of grammar rests upon the classifying of words according to their function in the sentence. Bain.
2. The art of speaking or writing with correctness or according to established usage; speech considered with regard to the rules of a grammar.
The original bad grammar and bad spelling.
Macaulay.
3. A treatise on the principles of language; a book containing the principles and rules for correctness in speaking or writing.
4. treatise on the elements or principles of any science; as, a grammar of geography.
Comparative grammar, the science which determines the relations of kindred languages by examining and comparing their grammatical forms. -- Grammar school. (a) A school, usually endowed, in which Latin and Greek grammar are taught, as also other studies preparatory to colleges or universities; as, the famous Rugby Grammar School. This use of the word is more common in England than in the United States.
When any town shall increase to the number of a hundred families or householders, they shall set up a grammar school, the master thereof being able to instruct youth so far as they may be fitted for the University.
Mass. Records (1647).
(b) In the American system of graded common schools an intermediate grade between the primary school and the high school, in which the principles of English grammar are taught.
Gram"mar, v. i. To discourse according to the rules of grammar; to use grammar. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
Gram*ma"ri*an (?), n. [Cf. F. grammairien.] 1. One versed in grammar, or the construction of languages; a philologist.
"The term was used by the classic ancients as a term of honorable distinction for all who were considered learned in any art or faculty whatever." Brande & C.
2. One who writes on, or teaches, grammar.
Gram*ma"ri*an*ism (?), n. The principles, practices, or peculiarities of grammarians. [R.]
Gram"mar*less (?), a. Without grammar.
Gram"mates (?), n. pl. [From Gr. &?; letters, written rules.] Rudiments; first principles, as of grammar. [Obs.] Ford.
Gram*mat"ic (?), a. Grammatical.
Gram*mat"ic*al (?), a. [L. grammaticus, grammaticalis; Gr. &?; skilled in grammar, knowing one's letters, from &?; a letter: cf. F. grammatical. See Grammar.] 1. Of or pertaining to grammar; of the nature of grammar; as, a grammatical rule.
2. According to the rules of grammar; grammatically correct; as, the sentence is not grammatical; the construction is not grammatical.
--Gram*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Gram*mat"ic*al*ness, n.
Gram*mat"icas"ter (?), n. [LL.] A petty grammarian; a grammatical pedant or pretender.
My noble Neophite, my little grammaticaster.
B. Jonson.
Gram*mat"i*ca"tion (?), n. A principle of grammar; a grammatical rule. [Obs.] Dalgarno.
Gram*mat"i*cism (?), n. A point or principle of grammar. Abp. Leighton.
Gram*mat"i*cize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grammaticized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grammaticizing (?).] To render grammatical. Fuller.
Gram"ma*tist (?), n. [L. grammatista schoolmaster, Gr. &?;, from &?; to teach the letters, to be a scribe: cf. F. grammatiste. See Grammatical.] A petty grammarian. [R] Tooke.
Gramme (?), n. Same as Gram the weight.
Gramme" ma*chine" (?). (Elec.) A kind of dynamo-electric machine; -- so named from its French inventor, M. Gramme. Knight.
Gram"pus (?), n.; pl. Grampuses (#). [Probably corrupted from It. gran pesce great fish, or Sp. gran pez, or Pg. gran peixe, all fr. L. grandis piscis. See Grand, and Fish. the animal.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A toothed delphinoid cetacean, of the genus Grampus, esp. G. griseus of Europe and America, which is valued for its oil. It grows to be fifteen to twenty feet long; its color is gray with white streaks. Called also cowfish. The California grampus is G. Stearnsii.
2. A kind of tongs used in a bloomery. [U.S.]
{ Gra*nade" (?), Gra*na"do (?), } n. See Grenade.
||Gran`a*dil"la (?), n. [Sp., dim. of granada pomegranate. See Grenade, ||Garnet.] (Bot.) The fruit of certain species of passion flower (esp. ||Passiflora quadrangularis) found in Brazil and the West Indies. It is ||as large as a child's head, and is a good dessert fruit. The fruit of ||Passiflora edulis is used for flavoring ices.
Gran"a*ry (?), n.; pl. Granaries (#). [L. granarium, fr. granum grain. See Garner.] A storehouse or repository for grain, esp. after it is thrashed or husked; a cornhouse; also (Fig.), a region fertile in grain.
The exhaustless granary of a world.
Thomson.
Gran"ate (?), n. See Garnet.
Gra*na"tin (?), n. [L. granatum the pomegranate.] (Chem.) Mannite; -- so called because found in the pomegranate.
Gran"a*tite (?), n. See Staurolite.
Grand (?), a. [Compar. Grander (?); superl. Grandest.] [OE. grant, grount, OF. grant, F. grand, fr. L. grandis; perh. akin to gravis heavy, E. grave, a. Cf. Grandee.] 1. Of large size or extent; great; extensive; hence, relatively great; greatest; chief; principal; as, a grand mountain; a grand army; a grand mistake. "Our grand foe, Satan." Milton.
Making so bold . . . to unseal Their grand commission.
Shak.
2. Great in size, and fine or imposing in appearance or impression; illustrious, dignifled, or noble (said of persons); majestic, splendid, magnificent, or sublime (said of things); as, a grand monarch; a grand lord; a grand general; a grand view; a grand conception.
They are the highest models of expression, the unapproached masters of the grand style.
M. Arnold.
3. Having higher rank or more dignity, size, or importance than other persons or things of the same name; as, a grand lodge; a grand vizier; a grand piano, etc.
4. Standing in the second or some more remote degree of parentage or descent; -- generalIy used in composition; as, grandfather, grandson, grandchild, etc.
What cause Mov'd our grand parents, in that happy state, Favor'd of Heaven so highly, to fall off From their Creator.
Milton.
Grand action, a pianoforte action, used in grand pianos, in which special devices are employed to obtain perfect action of the hammer in striking and leaving the string. -- Grand Army of the Republic, an organized voluntary association of men who served in the Union army or navy during the civil war in the United States. The order has chapters, called Posts, throughout the country. -- Grand cross. (a) The highest rank of knighthood in the Order of the Bath. (b) A knight grand cross. -- Grand cordon, the cordon or broad ribbon, identified with the highest grade in certain honorary orders; hence, a person who holds that grade. -- Grand days (Eng. Law), certain days in the terms which are observed as holidays in the inns of court and chancery (Candlemas, Ascension, St. John Baptist's, and All Saints' Days); called also Dies non juridici. -- Grand duchess. (a) The wife or widow of a grand duke. (b) A lady having the sovereignty of a duchy in her own right. (c) In Russia, a daughter of the Czar. -- Grand duke. (a) A sovereign duke, inferior in rank to a king; as, the Grand Duke of Tuscany. (b) In Russia, a son of the Czar. (c) (Zoˆl.) The European great horned owl or eagle owl (Bubo maximas). -- Grand- guard, or Grandegarde, a piece of plate armor used in tournaments as an extra protection for the left shoulder and breast. -- Grand juror, a member of a grand jury. -- Grand jury (Law), a jury of not less than twelve men, and not more than twenty-three, whose duty it is, in private session, to examine into accusations against persons charged with crime, and if they see just cause, then to find bills of indictment against them, to be presented to the court; -- called also grand inquest. -- Grand juryman, a grand juror. -- Grand larceny. (Law) See under Larceny. -- Grand lodge, the chief lodge, or governing body, among Freemasons and other secret orders. -- Grand master. (a) The head of one of the military orders of knighthood, as the Templars, Hospitallers, etc. (b) The head of the order of Freemasons or of Good Templars, etc. -- Grand paunch, a glutton or gourmand. [Obs.] Holland. -- Grand pensionary. See under Pensionary. -- Grand piano (Mus.), a large piano, usually harp-shaped, in which the wires or strings are generally triplicated, increasing the power, and all the mechanism is introduced in the most effective manner, regardless of the size of the instrument. -- Grand relief (Sculp.), alto relievo. -- Grand Seignior. See under Seignior. -- Grand stand, the principal stand, or erection for spectators, at a, race course, etc. -- Grand vicar (Eccl.), a principal vicar; an ecclesiastical delegate in France. -- Grand vizier. See under Vizier.
Syn. -- Magnificent; sublime; majestic; dignified; elevated; stately; august; pompous; lofty; eralted; noble. -- Grand, Magnificent, Sublime. Grand, in reference to objects of taste, is applied to that which expands the mind by a sense of vastness and majesty; magnificent is applied to anything which is imposing from its splendor; sublime describes that which is awful and elevating. A cataract is grand; a rich and varied landscape is magnificent; an overhanging precipice is sublime. "Grandeur admits of degrees and modifications; but magnificence is that which has already reached the highest degree of superiority naturally belonging to the object in question." Crabb.
Gran"dam (?), n. [F. grande, fem. of grand + dame. See Grand, and Dame.] An old woman; specifically, a grandmother. Shak.
Grand"aunt" (?), n. [Cf. F. grand'tante.] The aunt of one's father or mother.
Grand"child" (?), n. A son's or daughter's child; a child in the second degree of descent.
Grand"daugh"ter (?), n. The daughter of one's son or daughter.
Grand"-du"cal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a grand duke. H. James.
Gran*dee" (?), n. [Sp. grande. See Grand.] A man of elevated rank or station; a nobleman. In Spain, a nobleman of the first rank, who may be covered in the king's presence.
Gran*dee"ship, n. The rank or estate of a grandee; lordship. H. Swinburne.
Gran"deur (?), n. [F., fr. grand. See Grand.] The state or quality of being grand; vastness; greatness; splendor; magnificence; stateliness; sublimity; dignity; elevation of thought or expression; nobility of action.
Nor doth this grandeur and majestic show Of luxury . . . allure mine eye.
Milton.
Syn. -- Sublimity; majesty; stateliness; augustness; loftiness. See Sublimity.
Gran*dev"i*ty (?), n. [L. grandaevitas.] Great age; long life. [Obs.] Glanvill.
Gran*de"vous (?), a. [L. grandaevus; grandig grand+ aevum lifetime, age.] Of great age; aged; longlived. [R.] Bailey.
Grand"fa"ther (?), n. A father's or mother's father; an ancestor in the next degree above the father or mother in lineal ascent.
Grandfather longlegs. (Zoˆl.) See Daddy longlegs.
Grand"fa"ther*ly, a. Like a grandfather in age or manner; kind; benignant; indulgent.
He was a grandfatherly sort of personage.
Hawthorne.
Gran*dif"ic (?), a. [L. grandificus; grandis grand + facere to make.] Making great. [R.] Bailey.
Gran*dil"o*quence (?), n. The use of lofty words or phrases; bombast; -- usually in a bad sense.
The sin of grandiloquence or tall talking.
Thackeray,
Gran*dil"o*quent (?), a. [L. grandis grand + logui to speak.] Speaking in a lofty style; pompous; bombastic.
Gran*dil"o*quous (?), a. [L. grandiloquus; grandis grand + loqui to apeak.] Grandiloquent.
Gran"di*nous (?), a. [L. grandinosus, fr. qrando, grandinis, hail.] Consisting of hail; abounding in hail. [R.] Bailey.
Gran"di*ose" (?), a. [F. grandiose, It. grandioso. See Grand.] 1. Impressive or elevating in effect; imposing; splendid; striking; -- in a good sense.
The tone of the parts was to be perpetually kept down in order not to impair the grandiose effect of the whole.
M. Arnold.
The grandiose red tulips which grow wild.
C. Kingsley.
2. Characterized by affectation of grandeur or splendor; flaunting; turgid; bombastic; -- in a bad sense; as, a grandiose style.
Gran"di*os"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. grandiositÈ, It. grandiosit‡.] The state or quality of being grandiose,
Grand"i*ty (?), n. [L. granditas: cf. OF. granitÈ. See Grand.] Grandness. [Obs.] Camden.
Grand"ly, adv. In a grand manner.
{ Grand"ma" (?), Grand"mam*ma" (?), } n. A grandmother.
Grand" mer"cy (?). See Gramercy. [Obs.]
Grand"moth"er (?), n. The mother of one's father or mother.
Grand"moth"er*ly, a. Like a grandmother in age or manner; kind; indulgent.
Grand"neph"ew (?), n. The grandson of one's brother or sister.
Grand"ness, n. Grandeur. Wollaston.
Grand"niece" (?), n. The granddaughter of one's brother or sister.
{ Grand"pa" (?), Grand"pa*pa" (?), } n. A grandfather.
Grand"sire" (?), n. [OF. grantsire. See Grand, and Sire.] Specifically, a grandfather; more generally, any ancestor.
Grand"son" (?), n. A son's or daughter's son.
Grand"un"cle (?), n. [Cf. F. grand- oncle.] A father's or mother's uncle.
Grane (?), v. & n. See Groan. [Obs.]
Grange (?), n. [F. grange barn, LL. granea, from L. granum grain. See Grain a kernel.] 1. A building for storing grain; a granary. [Obs.] Milton.
2. A farmhouse, with the barns and other buildings for farming purposes.
And eke an officer out for to ride, To see her granges and her bernes wide.
Chaucer.
Nor burnt the grange, nor bussed the milking maid.
Tennyson.
3. A farmhouse of a monastery, where the rents and tithes, paid in grain, were deposited. [Obs.]
4. A farm; generally, a farm with a house at a distance from neighbors.
5. An association of farmers, designed to further their interests, and particularly to bring producers and consumers, farmers and manufacturers, into direct commercial relations, without intervention of middlemen or traders. The first grange was organized in 1867. [U. S.]
Gran"ger (?), n. 1. A farm steward. [Obs.]
2. A member of a grange. [U. S.]
Gran"ger*ism (?), n. [So called from the Rev. James Granger, whose "Biographical History of England" (1769) was a favorite book for illustration in this manner.] The practice of illustrating a particular book by engravings collected from other books.
Gran"ger*ite (?), n. One who collects illustrations from various books for the decoration of one book.
Gran"ger*ize (?), v. t. & i. To collect (illustrations from books) for decoration of other books. G. A. Sala.
Gra*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. qranifer; granum grain + ferre to bear: cf. F. granifËre.] Bearing grain, or seeds like grain. Humble.
Gran"i*form (?), a. [L. granum grain + -form; cf. F. graniforme.] Formed like of corn.
||Gra*nil"la (?), n. [Sp., small seed.] Small grains or dust of ||cochineal or the coccus insect.
Gran"ite (?), n. [It. granito granite, adj., grainy, p. p. of granire to make grainy, fr. L. granum grain; cf. F. granit. See Grain.] (Geol.) A crystalline, granular rock, consisting of quartz, feldspar, and mica, and usually of a whitish, grayish, or flesh-red color. It differs from gneiss in not having the mica in planes, and therefore in being destitute of a schistose structure.
Varieties containing hornblende are common. See also the Note under Mica.
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Gneissoid granite, granite in which the mica has traces of a regular arrangement. -- Graphic granite, granite consisting of quartz and feldspar without mica, and having the quartz crystals so arranged in the transverse section like oriental characters. -- Porphyritic granite, granite containing feldspar in distinct crystals. -- Hornblende granite, or Syenitic granite, granite containing hornblende as well as mica, or, according to some authorities hornblende replacing the mica. -- Granite ware. (a) A kind of stoneware. (b) A Kind of ironware, coated with an enamel resembling granite.
Gran"ite State. New Hampshire; -- a nickname alluding to its mountains, which are chiefly of granite. [Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Gra*nit"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. granitique.] 1. Like granite in composition, color, etc.; having the nature of granite; as, granitic texture.
2. Consisting of granite; as, granitic mountains.
Gra*nit"ic*al (?), a. Granitic.
Gra*nit`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Granite + L. -ficare (in comp.) to make. See - fy.] The act or the process of forming into granite. Humble.
Gra*nit"i*form (?), a. [Granite + -form.] (Geol.) Resembling granite in structure or shape.
Gran"i*toid (?), a. [Granite + -oid: cf. F. granitoÔde.] Resembling granite in granular appearance; as, granitoid gneiss; a granitoid pavement.
Gra*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L. granum grain + vorare to devour: cf. F. granivore.] Eating grain; feeding or subsisting on seeds; as, granivorous birds. Gay.
Gran"nam (?), n. A grandam. [Colloq.]
Gran"ny (?), n. A grandmother; a grandam; familiarly, an old woman.
Granny's bend, or Granny's knot (Naut.), a kind of insecure knot or hitch; a reef knot crossed the wrong way.
Gran`o*lith"ic (?), n. [L. granum a grain (or E. granite) + -lith + -ic.] A kind of hard artificial stone, used for pavements.
Grant (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Granted; p. pr. & vb. n. Granting.] [OE. graunten, granten, OF. graanter, craanter, creanter, to promise, yield, LL. creantare to promise, assure, for (assumed LL.) credentare to make believe, fr. L. credens, p. pr. of credere to believe. See Creed, Credit.] 1. To give over; to make conveyance of; to give the possession or title of; to convey; -- usually in answer to petition.
Grant me the place of this threshing floor.
1 Chrcn. xxi. 22.
2. To bestow or confer, with or without compensation, particularly in answer to prayer or request; to give.
Wherefore did God grant me my request.
Milton.
3. To admit as true what is not yet satisfactorily proved; to yield belief to; to allow; to yield; to concede.
Grant that the Fates have firmed by their decree.
Dryden.
Syn.-- To give; confer; bestow; convey; transfer; admit; allow; concede. See Give.
Grant, v. i. To assent; to consent. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Grant, n. [OE. grant, graunt, OF. graant, creant, promise, assurance. See Grant, v. t.] 1. The act of granting; a bestowing or conferring; concession; allowance; permission.
2. The yielding or admission of something in dispute.
3. The thing or property granted; a gift; a boon.
4. (Law) A transfer of property by deed or writing; especially, au appropriation or conveyance made by the government; as, a grant of land or of money; also, the deed or writing by which the transfer is made.
Formerly, in English law, the term was specifically applied to transfrrs of incorporeal hereditaments, expectant estates, and letters patent from government and such is its present application in some of the United States. But now, in England the usual mode of transferring realty is by grant; and so, in some of the United States, the term grant is applied to conveyances of every kind of real property. Bouvier. Burrill.
Grant"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being granted.
Gran*tee" (?), n. (Law) The person to whom a grant or conveyance is made.
His grace will not survive the poor grantee he despises.
Burke.
Grant"er (?), n. One who grants.
Grant"or (?), n. (Law) The person by whom a grant or conveyance is made.
Gran"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. granulaire. See Granule.] Consisting of, or resembling, grains; as, a granular substance.
Granular limestone, crystalline limestone, or marble, having a granular structure.
Gran"u*lar*ly (?), adv. In a granular form.
Gran"u*la*ry (?), a. Granular.
Gran"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Granulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Granulating (?).] [See Granule.] 1. To form into grains or small masses; as, to granulate powder, sugar, or metal.
2. To raise in granules or small asperities; to make rough on the surface.
Gran"u*late, v. i. To collect or be formed into grains; as, cane juice granulates into sugar.
{ Gran"u*late (?), Gran"u*la`ted (?), } a. 1. Consisting of, or resembling, grains; crystallized in grains; granular; as, granulated sugar.
2. Having numerous small elevations, as shagreen.
Granulated steel, a variety of steel made by a particular process beginning with the granulation of pig iron.
Gran`u*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. granulation.] 1. The act or process of forming or crystallizing into grains; as, the granulation of powder and sugar.
2. The state of being granulated.
3. (Med.) (a) One of the small, red, grainlike prominences which form on a raw surface (that of wounds or ulcers), and are the efficient agents in the process of healing. (b) The act or process of the formation of such prominences.
Gran"ule (?), n. [L. granulum, dim. of granum grain: cf. F. granule. See Grain a kernel.] A little grain a small particle; a pellet.
Gran`u*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Granule + -ferous.] Full of granulations.
Gra*nu"li*form (?), a. [Granule + -form.] (Min.) Having a granular structure; granular; as, granuliform limestone.
Gran"u*lite (?), n. [From Granule.] (Geol.) A whitish, granular rock, consisting of feldspar and quartz intimately mixed; -- sometimes called whitestone, and leptynite.
Gran"u*lose` (?), n. [From Granule.] (Physiol. Chem.) The main constituent of the starch grain or granule, in distinction from the framework of cellulose. Unlike cellulose, it is colored blue by iodine, and is converted into dextrin and sugar by boiling acids and amylolytic ferments.
Gran"u*lous (?), a. [Cf. F. granuleux.] Full of grains; abounding with granular substances; granular.
Grape (?), n. [OF. grape, crape, bunch or cluster of grapes, F. grappe, akin to F. grappin grapnel, hook; fr. OHG. chrapfo hook, G. krapfen, akin to E. cramp. The sense seems to have come from the idea of clutching. Cf. Agraffe, Cramp, Grapnel, Grapple.] 1. (Bot.) A well-known edible berry growing in pendent clusters or bunches on the grapevine. The berries are smooth-skinned, have a juicy pulp, and are cultivated in great quantities for table use and for making wine and raisins.
2. (Bot.) The plant which bears this fruit; the grapevine.
3. (Man.) A mangy tumor on the leg of a horse.
4. (Mil.) Grapeshot.
Grape borer. (Zoˆl.) See Vine borer. -- Grape curculio (Zoˆl.), a minute black weevil (Craponius inÊqualis) which in the larval state eats the interior of grapes. -- Grape flower, or Grape hyacinth (Bot.), a liliaceous plant (Muscari racemosum) with small blue globular flowers in a dense raceme. -- Grape fungus (Bot.), a fungus (Oidium Tuckeri) on grapevines; vine mildew. -- Grape hopper (Zoˆl.), a small yellow and red hemipterous insect, often very injurious to the leaves of the grapevine. -- Grape moth (Zoˆl.), a small moth (Eudemis botrana), which in the larval state eats the interior of grapes, and often binds them together with silk. -- Grape of a cannon, the cascabel or knob at the breech. -- Grape sugar. See Glucose. -- Grape worm (Zoˆl.), the larva of the grape moth. -- Sour grapes, things which persons affect to despise because they can not possess them; -- in allusion to ∆sop's fable of the fox and the grapes.
Grape" fruit`. The shaddock.
Grape"less, a. Wanting grapes or the flavor of grapes.
Grap"er*y (?), n. A building or inclosure used for the cultivation of grapes.
Grape"shot` (?), n. (Mil.) A cluster, usually nine in number, of small iron balls, put together by means of cast-iron circular plates at top and bottom, with two rings, and a central connecting rod, in order to be used as a charge for a cannon. Formerly grapeshot were inclosed in canvas bags.
Grape"stone` (?), n. A seed of the grape.
Grape"vine` (?), n. (Bot.) A vine or climbing shrub, of the genus Vitis, having small green flowers and lobed leaves, and bearing the fruit called grapes.
The common grapevine of the Old World is Vitis vinifera, and is a native of Central Asia. Another variety is that yielding small seedless grapes commonly called Zante currants. The northern Fox grape of the United States is the V. Labrusca, from which, by cultivation, has come the Isabella variety. The southern Fox grape, or Muscadine, is the V. vulpina. The Frost grape is V. cordifolia, which has very fragrant flowers, and ripens after the early frosts.
-graph (-grf) [From Gr. gra`fein to write. See Graphic.] A suffix signifying something written, a writing; also, a writer; as autograph, crystograph, telegraph, photograph.
{ Graph"ic (grf"k), Graph"ic*al (-*kal) }, a. [L. graphicus, Gr. grafiko`s, fr. gra`fein to write; cf. F. graphique. See Graft.] 1. Of or pertaining to the arts of painting and drawing.
2. Of or pertaining to the art of writing.
3. Written or engraved; formed of letters or lines.
The finger of God hath left an inscription upon all his works, not graphical, or composed of letters.
Sir T. Browne.
4. Well delineated; clearly and vividly described.
5. Having the faculty of, or characterized by, clear and impressive description; vivid; as, a graphic writer.
Graphic algebra, a branch of algebra in which, the properties of equations are treated by the use of curves and straight lines. -- Graphic arts, a name given to those fine arts which pertain to the representation on a flat surface of natural objects; as distinguished from music, etc., and also from sculpture. -- Graphic formula. (Chem.) See under Formula. -- Graphic granite. See under Granite. -- Graphic method, the method of scientific analysis or investigation, in which the relations or laws involved in tabular numbers are represented to the eye by means of curves or other figures; as the daily changes of weather by means of curves, the abscissas of which represent the hours of the day, and the ordinates the corresponding degrees of temperature. -- Graphical statics (Math.), a branch of statics, in which the magnitude, direction, and position of forces are represented by straight lines -- Graphic tellurium. See Sylvanite.>
Graph"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In a graphic manner; vividly.
{ Graph"ic*ness, Graph"ic*al*ness, } n. The quality or state of being graphic.
Graph"ics (?), n. The art or the science of drawing; esp. of drawing according to mathematical rules, as in perspective, projection, and the like.
Graph"i*scope (?), n. See Graphoscope.
Graph"ite (?), n. [Gr. gra`fein to write: cf. F. graphite. See Graphic.] (Min.) Native carbon in hexagonal crystals, also foliated or granular massive, of black color and metallic luster, and so soft as to leave a trace on paper. It is used for pencils (improperly called lead pencils), for crucibles, and as a lubricator, etc. Often called plumbago or black lead.
Graphite battery (Elec.), a voltaic battery consisting of zinc and carbon in sulphuric acid, or other exciting liquid.
Gra*phit"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, containing, derived from, or resembling, graphite.
Graphitic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, so called because obtained by the oxidation of graphite; -- usually called mellitic acid. -- Graphitic carbon, in iron or steel, that portion of the carbon which is present as graphite. Raymond.
{ Graph"i*toid (?), Graph"i*toid"al (?), } a. Resembling graphite or plumbago.
Graph"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. gra`fein to write + -lite: cf. F. grapholithe.] Any species of slate suitable to be written on.
Gra*phol"o*gy (gr*fl"*j), n. [Gr. gra`fein to write + - logy: cf. F. graphologie.] The art of judging of a person's character, disposition, and aptitude from his handwriting.
Graph"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. gra`fein to write + -scope.] An optical instrument for magnifying engravings, photographs, etc., usually having one large lens and two smaller ones.
Graph"o*type (?), n. [Gr. gra`fein to write + -type.] (Engraving) A process for producing a design upon a surface in relief so that it can be printed from. Prepared chalk or oxide of zinc is pressed upon a smooth plate by a hydraulic press, and the design is drawn upon this in a peculiar ink which hardens the surface wherever it is applied. The surface is then carefully rubbed or brushed, leaving the lines in relief.
-gra*phy (?). [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; write. See Graphic.] A suffix denoting the art of writing or describing; also, the writing or description itself; a treatise; as, calligraphy, biography, geography.
Grap"nel (?), n. [OE. grapenel, dim. fr. F. grappin the grapple of a ship; of German origin. See Grape.] (Naut.) A small anchor, with four or five flukes or claws, used to hold boats or small vessels; hence, any instrument designed to grapple or hold; a grappling iron; a grab; -- written also grapline, and crapnel.
Grap"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grappled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grappling (?).] [F. grappiller, OF. graypil the grapple of a ship, fr. graper to pluck, prop., to seize, clutch; of German origin. See Grape.] 1. To seize; to lay fast hold of; to attack at close quarters: as, to grapple an antagonist.
2. To fasten, as with a grapple; to fix; to join indissolubly.
The gallies were grappled to the Centurion.
Hakluyt.
Grapple them to thy soul with hoops of steel.
Shak.
Grap"ple, v. i. To use a grapple; to contend in close fight; to attach one's self as if by a grapple, as in wrestling; to close; to seize one another.
To grapple with, to enter into contest with, resolutely and courageously.
And in my standard bear the arms of York, To grapple with the house of Lancaster.
Shak.
Grap"ple, n. [See Grapple, v. t., and cf. Crapple.] 1. A seizing or seizure; close hug in contest; the wrestler's hold. Milton.
2. (a) An instrument, usually with hinged claws, for seizing and holding fast to an object; a grab. (b) (Naut.) A grappling iron.
The iron hooks and grapples keen.
Spenser.
Grapple plant (Bot.), a South African herb (Herpagophytum leptocarpum) having the woody fruits armed with long hooked or barbed thorns by which they adhere to cattle, causing intense annoyance. -- Grapple shot (Life-saving Service), a projectile, to which are attached hinged claws to catch in a ship's rigging or to hold in the ground; - - called also anchor shot.
Grapple*ment (?), n. A grappling; close fight or embrace. [Obs.] Spenser.
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Grap"pling (?), n. 1. A laying fast ho1d of; also, that by which anything is seized and held, a grapnel.
2. A grapple; a struggle. A match for yards in fight, in grappling for the bear. Dryden.
Grappling iron, a hooked iron used for grappling and holding fast a vessel or other object. -- Grappling tongs, broad-mouthed tongs for gathering oysters.
Grap"soid (?), a. [NL. Grapsus + - oid.] (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the genus Grapsus or the family GrapsidÊ. -- n. A grapsoid crab.
Grap"to*lite (?), n. [NL, Graptolithus, from Gr. &?; is engraved, written (gra`fein to write) + &?; stone.] (Paleon.) One of numerous species of slender and delicate fossils, of the genus Graptolites and allied genera, found in the Silurian rocks. They belong to an extinct group (Graptolithina) supposed to be hydroids.
Grap"to*lit`ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to graptolites; containing graptolites; as, a graptolitic slate.
Grap"y (?), a. Composed of, or resembling, grapes.
The grapy clusters.
Addison.
Grasp (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grasper (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Qraspine.] [OE. graspen; prob. akin to LG. grupsen, or to E. grope. Cf. Grab, Grope.] 1. To seize and hold by clasping or embracing with the fingers or arms; to catch to take possession of.
Thy hand is made to grasp a palmer's staff.
Shak.
2. To lay hold of with the mind; to become thoroughly acquainted or conversant with; to comprehend.
Grasp, v. i. To effect a grasp; to make the motion of grasping; to clutch; to struggle; to strive.
As one that grasped And tugged for life and was by strength subdued.
Shak.
To grasp at, to catch at; to try to seize; as, Alexander grasped at universal empire,
Grasp, n. 1. A gripe or seizure of the hand; a seizure by embrace, or infolding in the arms. "The grasps of love." Shak.
2. Reach of the arms; hence, the power of seizing and holding; as, it was beyond his grasp.
3. Forcible possession; hold.
The whole space that's in the tyrant's grasp.
Shak.
4. Wide-reaching power of intellect to comprehend subjects and hold them under survey.
The foremost minds of the next . . . era were not, in power of grasp, equal to their predecessors.
Z. Taylor.
5. The handle of a sword or of an oar.
Grasp"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being grasped.
Grasp"er (?), n. One who grasps or seizes; one who catches or holds.
Grasp"ing, a. 1. Seizing; embracing; catching.
2. Avaricious; greedy of gain; covetous; close; miserly; as, he is a grasping man. -- Grasp"ing*ly, adv. -- Grasp"ing*ness, n.
Grasp"less, a. Without a grasp; relaxed.
From my graspless hand Drop friendship's precious pearls.
Coleridge.
Grass (?), n. [OE. gras, gres, gers, AS, grÊs, gÊrs; akin to OFries. gres, gers, OS., D., G., Icel., & Goth. gras, Dan. grÊs, Sw. gr‰s, and prob. to E. green, grow. Cf. Graze.] 1. Popularly: Herbage; the plants which constitute the food of cattle and other beasts; pasture.
2. (Bot.) An endogenous plant having simple leaves, a stem generally jointed and tubular, the husks or glumes in pairs, and the seed single.
This definition includes wheat, rye, oats, barley, etc., and excludes clover and some other plants which are commonly called by the name of grass. The grasses form a numerous family of plants.
3. The season of fresh grass; spring. [Colloq.]
Two years old next grass.
Latham.
4. Metaphorically used for what is transitory.
Surely the people is grass.
Is. xl. 7.
The following list includes most of the grasses of the United States of special interest, except cereals. Many of these terms will be found with definitions in the Vocabulary. See Illustrations in Appendix.
Barnyard grass, for hay. South. Panicum Grus- galli.
Bent, pasture and hay. Agrostis, several species.
Bermuda grass, pasture. South. Cynodon Dactylon.
Black bent. Same as Switch grass (below).
Blue bent, hay. North and West. Andropogon provincialis.
Blue grass, pasture. Poa compressa.
Blue joint, hay. Northwest. Aqropyrum glaucum.
Buffalo grass, grazing. Rocky Mts., etc. (a) BuchloÎ dectyloides. (b) Same as Grama grass (below).
Bunch grass, grazing. Far West. Eriocoma, Festuca, Stips, etc.
Chess, or Cheat, a weed. Bromus secalinus, etc.
Couch grass. Same as Quick grass (below).
Crab grass, (a) Hay, in South. A weed, in North. Panicum sanguinale. (b) Pasture and hay. South. Eleusine Indica.
Darnel (a) Bearded, a noxious weed. Lolium temulentum. (b) Common. Same as Rye grass (below).
Drop seed, fair for forage and hay. Muhlenbergia, several species.
English grass. Same as Redtop (below).
Fowl meadow grass. (a) Pasture and hay. Poa serotina. (b) Hay, on moist land. Gryceria nervata.
Gama grass, cut fodder. South. Tripsacum dactyloides.
Grama grass, grazing. West and Pacific slope. Bouteloua oligostachya, etc.
Great bunch grass, pasture and hay. Far West. Festuca scabrella.
Guinea grass, hay. South. Panicum jumentorum.
Herd's grass, in New England Timothy, in Pennsylvania and South Redtop.
Indian grass. Same as Wood grass (below).
Italian rye grass, forage and hay. Lolium Italicum.
Johnson grass, grazing and hay. South and Southwest. Sorghum Halepense.
Kentucky blue grass, pasture. Poa pratensis.
Lyme grass, coarse hay. South. Elymus, several species.
Manna grass, pasture and hay. Glyceria, several species.
Meadow fescue, pasture and hay. Festuca elatior.
Meadow foxtail, pasture, hay, lawn. North. Alopecurus pratensis.
Meadow grass, pasture, hay, lawn. Poa, several species.
Mesquite, or Muskit grass. Same as Grama grass (above).
Nimble Will, a kind of drop seed. Muhlenbergia diffsa.
Orchard grass, pasture and hay. Dactylis glomerata.
Porcupine grass, troublesome to sheep. Northwest. Stipa spartea.
Quaking grass, ornamental. Briza media and maxima.
Quitch, or Quick, grass, etc., a weed. Agropyrum repens.
Ray grass. Same as Rye grass (below).
Redtop, pasture and hay. Agrostis vulgaris.
Red-topped buffalo grass, forage. Northwest. Poa tenuifolia.
Reed canary grass, of slight value. Phalaris arundinacea.
Reed meadow grass, hay. North. Glyceria aquatica.
Ribbon grass, a striped leaved form of Reed canary grass.
Rye grass, pasture, hay. Lolium perenne, var.
Seneca grass, fragrant basket work, etc. North. Hierochloa borealis.
Sesame grass. Same as Gama grass (above).
Sheep's fescue, sheep pasture, native in Northern Europe and Asia. Festuca ovina.
Small reed grass, meadow pasture and hay. North. Deyeuxia Canadensis.
Spear grass, Same as Meadow grass (above).
Squirrel-tail grass, troublesome to animals. Seacoast and Northwest. Hordeum jubatum.
Switch grass, hay, cut young. Panicum virgatum.
Timothy, cut young, the best of hay. North. Phleum pratense.
Velvet grass, hay on poor soil. South. Holcus lanatus.
Vernal grass, pasture, hay, lawn. Anthoxanthum odoratum.
Wire grass, valuable in pastures. Poa compressa.
Wood grass, Indian grass, hay. Chrysopogon nutans.
Many plants are popularly called grasses which are not true grasses botanically considered, such as black grass, goose grass, star grass, etc.
Black grass, a kind of small rush (Juncus Gerardi), growing in salt marshes, used for making salt hay. -- Grass of the Andes, an oat grass, the Arrhenatherum avenaceum of Europe.-- Grass of Parnassus, a plant of the genus Parnassia growing in wet ground. The European species is P. palustris; in the United States there are several species. -- Grass bass (Zoˆl.), the calico bass. -- Grass bird, the dunlin. -- Grass cloth, a cloth woven from the tough fibers of the grass-cloth plant. -- Grass-cloth plant, a perennial herb of the Nettle family (Búhmeria nivea or Urtica nivea), which grows in Sumatra, China, and Assam, whose inner bark has fine and strong fibers suited for textile purposes. -- Grass finch. (Zoˆl.) (a) A common American sparrow (PoˆcÊtes gramineus); -- called also vesper sparrow and bay-winged bunting. (b) Any Australian finch, of the genus PoÎphila, of which several species are known. -- Grass lamb, a lamb suckled by a dam running on pasture land and giving rich milk.-- Grass land, land kept in grass and not tilled. -- Grass moth (Zoˆl.), one of many small moths of the genus Crambus, found in grass. -- Grass oil, a fragrant essential volatile oil, obtained in India from grasses of the genus Andropogon, etc.; -- used in perfumery under the name of citronella, ginger grass oil, lemon grass oil, essence of verbena etc. -- Grass owl (Zoˆl.), a South African owl (Strix Capensis). -- Grass parrakeet (Zoˆl.), any of several species of Australian parrots, of the genus Euphemia; -- also applied to the zebra parrakeet. -- Grass plover (Zoˆl.), the upland or field plover. -- Grass poly (Bot.), a species of willowwort (Lythrum Hyssopifolia). Johnson. -- Crass quit (Zoˆl.), one of several tropical American finches of the genus Euetheia. The males have most of the head and chest black and often marked with yellow. -- Grass snake. (Zoˆl.) (a) The common English, or ringed, snake (Tropidonotus natrix). (b) The common green snake of the Northern United States. See Green snake, under Green. -- Grass snipe (Zoˆl.), the pectoral sandpiper (Tringa maculata); -- called also jacksnipe in America. -- Grass spider (Zoˆl.), a common spider (Agelena nÊvia), which spins flat webs on grass, conspicuous when covered with dew. -- Grass sponge (Zoˆl.), an inferior kind of commercial sponge from Florida and the Bahamas. -- Grass table. (Arch.) See Earth table, under Earth. -- Grass vetch (Bot.), a vetch (Lathyrus Nissolia), with narrow grasslike leaves. -- Grass widow. [Cf. Prov. R. an unmarried mother, G. strohwittwe a mock widow, Sw. gr‰senka a grass widow.] (a) An unmarried woman who is a mother. [Obs.] (b) A woman separated from her husband by abandonment or prolonged absence; a woman living apart from her husband. [Slang.] -- Grass wrack (Bot.) eelgrass. -- To bring to grass (Mining.), to raise, as ore, to the surface of the ground. -- To put to grass, To put out to grass, to put out to graze a season, as cattle.
Grass (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grassing.] 1. To cover with grass or with turf.
2. To expose, as flax, on the grass for bleaching, etc.
3. To bring to the grass or ground; to land; as, to grass a fish. [Colloq.]
Grass (?), v. i. To produce grass. [R.] Tusser.
Gras*sa"tion (?), n. [L. grassatio, from grassari to go about.] A wandering about with evil intentions; a rioting. [Obs. & R.] Feltham.
Grass"-green` (?), a. 1. Green with grass.
2. Of the color of grass; clear and vivid green.
Grass"-grown` (?), a. Overgrown with grass; as, a grass-grown road.
Grass"hop`per (?), n. 1. (Zoˆl.) Any jumping, orthopterous insect, of the families AcrididÊ and LocustidÊ. The species and genera are very numerous. The former family includes the Western grasshopper or locust (Caloptenus spretus), noted for the great extent of its ravages in the region beyond the Mississippi. In the Eastern United States the red-legged (Caloptenus femurrubrum and C. atlanis) are closely related species, but their ravages are less important. They are closely related to the migratory locusts of the Old World. See Locust.
The meadow or green grasshoppers belong to the LocustidÊ. They have long antennÊ, large ovipositors, and stridulating organs at the base of the wings in the male. The European great green grasshopper (Locusta viridissima) belongs to this family. The common American green species mostly belong to Xiphidium, Orchelimum, and Conocephalus.
2. In ordinary square or upright pianos of London make, the escapement lever or jack, so made that it can be taken out and replaced with the key; -- called also the hopper. Grove.
Grasshopper engine, a steam engine having a working beam with its fulcrum at one end, the steam cylinder at the other end, and the connecting rod at an intermediate point. -- Grasshopper lobster (Zoˆl.) a young lobster. [Local, U. S.] -- Grasshopper warbler (Zoˆl.), cricket bird.
Grass"i*ness (?), n. [From Grassy.] The state of abounding with grass; a grassy state.
Grass"less, a. Destitute of grass.
Grass"plot` (?), n. A plot or space covered with grass; a lawn. "Here on this grassplot." Shak.
Grass" tree" (?). (Bot.) (a) An Australian plant of the genus Xanthorrhúa, having a thick trunk crowned with a dense tuft of pendulous, grasslike leaves, from the center of which arises a long stem, bearing at its summit a dense flower spike looking somewhat like a large cat-tail. These plants are often called "blackboys" from the large trunks denuded and blackened by fire. They yield two kinds of fragrant resin, called Botany-bay gum, and Gum Acaroides. (b) A similar Australian plant (Kingia australis).
Grass"y (?) a. 1. Covered with grass; abounding with grass; as, a grassy lawn. Spenser.
2. Resembling grass; green.
Grate (?), a. [L. gratus agreeable, grateful: cf. It. & Sp. grato. See Grace, and cf. Agree.] Serving to gratify; agreeable. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.
Grate, n. [LL. grata, fr. L. crates hurdle; or It. grata, of the same origin. Sae Crate, Hurdle.] 1. A structure or frame containing parallel or crosed bars, with interstices; a kind of latticework, such as is used ia the windows of prisons and cloisters. "A secret grate of iron bars." Shak.
2. A frame or bed, or kind of basket, of iron bars, for holding fuel while burning.
Grate surface (Steam, Boiler) the area of the surface of the grate upon which the fuel lies in the furnace.
Grate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grated; p. pr. &. vb. n. Grating.] To furnish with grates; to protect with a grating or crossbars; as, to grate a window.
Grate, v. t. [OF grater to scrape, scratch, F. gratter, LL. gratare, cratare; of German origin; cf. OHG. chrazzn G. kratzen, D. krassen, Sw. Kratta, and perh. E. scratch.] 1. To rub roughly or harshly, as one body against another, causing a harsh sound; as, to grate the teeth; to produce (a harsh sound) by rubbing.
On their hinges grate Harsh thunder.
Milton.
2. To reduce to small particles by rubbing with anything rough or indented; as, to grate a nutmeg.
3. To fret; to irritate; to offend.
News, my good lord Rome . . . grates me.
Shak.
Grate, v. i. 1. To make a harsh sound by friction.
I had rather hear a brazen canstick turned, Or a dry wheel grate on the exletree.
Shak.
2. To produce the effect of rubbing with a hard rough material; to cause wearing, tearing, or bruising. Hence; To produce exasperation, soreness, or grief; to offend by oppression or importunity.
This grated harder upon the hearts of men.
South.
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Grat"ed (?), a. [From 2d Grate.] Furnished with a grate or grating; as, grated windows.
Grate"ful (?), a. [Grate, a. + full; cf. F. grÈ thanks, good will, fr. L. gratum, neut. of gratus agreeable, grateful. See Grate, a.] 1. Having a due sense of benefits received; kindly disposed toward one from whom a favor has been received; willing to acknowledge and repay, or give thanks for, benefits; as, a grateful heart.
A grateful mind By owing, owes not, but still pays.
Milton.
2. Affording pleasure; pleasing to the senses; gratifying; delicious; as, a grateful present; food grateful to the palate; grateful sleep.
Now golden fruits on loaded branches shine, And grateful clusters swell.
Pope.
Syn. -- Thankful; pleasing; acceptable; gratifying; agreeable; welcome; delightful; delicious.
-- Grate"ful*ly, adv. -- Grate"ful*ness, n.
Grat"er (?), a. [From Qrate, v.] One who, or that which, grates; especially, an instrument or utensil with a rough, indented surface, for rubbing off small particles of any substance; as a grater for nutmegs.
Gra*tic"u*la"tion (?), n. [F. graticulation, craticulation, fr. graticuler, craticuler, to square, fr. graticule, craticule, graticule, L. craticula, dim. of crates wickerwork. See 2d Grate.] The division of a design or draught into squares, in order the more easily to reproduce it in larger or smaller dimensions.
Grat"i*cule (?), n. [F. See Graticulation.] A design or draught which has been divided into squares, in order to reproduce it in other dimensions.
Grat"i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. gratificatio: cf. F. gratification.] 1. The act of gratifying, or pleasing, either the mind, the taste, or the appetite; as, the gratification of the palate, of the appetites, of the senses, of the desires, of the heart.
2. That which affords pleasure; satisfaction; enjoyment; fruition: delight.
3. A reward; a recompense; a gratuity. Bp. Morton.
Grat"i*fied (?), a. Pleased; indulged according to desire.
Syn. -- Glad; pleased. See Glad.
Grat"i*fi"er (?), n. One who gratifies or pleases.
Grat"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gratified (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Gratifying (#).] [F. gratifier, L. gratificari; gratus pleasing + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See - fy.] 1. To please; to give pleasure to; to satisfy; to soothe; to indulge; as, to gratify the taste, the appetite, the senses, the desires, the mind, etc.
For who would die to gratify a foe?
Dryden.
2. To requite; to recompense. [Obs.]
It remains . . . To gratify his noble service.
Shak.
Syn. -- To indulge; humor please; delight; requite; recompense. -- To Gratify, Indulge, Humor. Gratify, is the generic term, and has reference simply to the pleasure communicated. To indulge a person implies that we concede something to his wishes or his weaknesses which he could not claim, and which had better, perhaps, be spared. To humor is to adapt ourselves to the varying moods, and, perhaps, caprices, of others. We gratify a child by showing him the sights of a large city; we indulge him in some extra expense on such an occasion; we humor him when he is tired and exacting.
Grat"ing (?), n. [See 2d Grate.] 1. A partition, covering, or frame of parallel or cross bars; a latticework resembling a window grate; as, the grating of a prison or convent.
2. (Optics) A system of close equidistant and parallel lines lines or bars, especially lines ruled on a polished surface, used for producing spectra by diffraction; -- called also diffraction grating.
3. pl. (Naut.) The strong wooden lattice used to cover a hatch, admitting light and air; also, a movable Lattice used for the flooring of boats. [1913 Webster]
Grat"ing, a. [See Grate to rub harshy.] That grates; making a harsh sound; harsh. -- Grat"ing*ly, adv.
Grat"ing, n. A harsh sound caused by attrition.
Gra*ti"o*lin (?), n. (Chem.) One of the essential principles of the hedge hyssop (Gratiola officinalis).
Gra"tis (?), adv. [L., contr. fr. gratiis out of favor or kindness, without recompense, for nothing, fr. gratia favor. See Grace.] For nothing; without fee or recompense; freely; gratuitously.
Grat"i*tude (?), n. [F. gratitude, LL. gratitudo, from gratus agreeable, grateful. See Grate, a.] The state of being grateful; warm and friendly feeling toward a benefactor; kindness awakened by a favor received; thankfulness.
The debt immense of endless gratitude.
Milton.
Gra*tu"i*tous (?) a. [L. gratuitus, from gratus pleasing. See Grate, a., Gratis.] 1. Given without an equivalent or recompense; conferred without valuable consideration; granted without pay, or without claim or merit; not required by justice.
We mistake the gratuitous blessings of Heaven for the fruits of our own industry.
L'Estrange.
2. Not called for by the circumstances; without reason, cause, or proof; adopted or asserted without any good ground; as, a gratuitous assumption.
Acts of gratuitous self- humiliation.
De Quincye.
-- Gra*tu"i*tous*ly, adv. -- Gra*tu"i*tous*ness, n.
Gra*tu"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Gratuities (#). [F. gratuitÈ, or LL. gratuitas.] 1. Something given freely or without recompense; a free gift; a present. Swift.
2. Something voluntarily given in return for a favor or service, as a recompense or acknowledgment.
Grat"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grqatulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gratulating (?).] [L. gratulatus, p. p. of gratulari to congratulate, fr. gratus pleasing, agreeable. See Grate, a.] To salute with declaration of joy; to congratulate. [R.] Shak.
Grat"u*late (?), a. Worthy of gratulation. [Obs.]
There's more behind that is more gratulate.
Shak.
Grat"u*la"tion (?), n. [L. gratulatio.] The act of gratulating or felicitating; congratulation.
I shall turn my wishes into gratulations.
South.
Grat"u*la*to*ry (?), a. [L. gratulatorius.] Expressing gratulation or joy; congratulatory.
The usual groundwork of such gratulatory odes.
Bp. Horsley.
Graunt (?), v. & n. [Obs.] See Grant. Chaucer.
||Grau"wack*e (?), n. [G.] Graywacke.
||Gra*va"men (?), n.; pl. L. Gravamina (#), E. Gravamens (#). [L., fr. ||gravare to load, burden, fr. gravis heavy, weighty. See Grave, a.] ||(Law) The grievance complained of; the substantial cause of the ||action; also, in general, the ground or essence of a complaint. ||Bouvier.
-grave (?). A final syllable signifying a ruler, as in landgrave, margrave. See Margrave.
Grave (?), v. t. (Naut.) To clean, as a vessel's bottom, of barnacles, grass, etc., and pay it over with pitch; -- so called because graves or greaves was formerly used for this purpose.
Grave, a. [Compar. Graver (grv"r); superl. Gravest.] [F., fr. L. gravis heavy; cf. It. & Sp. grave heavy, grave. See Grief.] 1. Of great weight; heavy; ponderous. [Obs.]
His shield grave and great.
Chapman.
2. Of importance; momentous; weighty; influential; sedate; serious; -- said of character, relations, etc.; as, grave deportment, character, influence, etc.
Most potent, grave, and reverend seigniors.
Shak.
A grave and prudent law, full of moral equity.
Milton.
3. Not light or gay; solemn; sober; plain; as, a grave color; a grave face.
4. (Mus.) (a) Not acute or sharp; low; deep; -- said of sound; as, a grave note or key.
The thicker the cord or string, the more grave is the note or tone.
Moore (Encyc. of Music).
(b) Slow and solemn in movement.
Grave accent. (Pron.) See the Note under Accent, n., 2.
Syn. -- Solemn; sober; serious; sage; staid; demure; thoughtful; sedate; weighty; momentous; important. -- Grave, Sober, Serious, Solemn. Sober supposes the absence of all exhilaration of spirits, and is opposed to gay or flighty; as, sober thought. Serious implies considerateness or reflection, and is opposed to jocose or sportive; as, serious and important concerns. Grave denotes a state of mind, appearance, etc., which results from the pressure of weighty interests, and is opposed to hilarity of feeling or vivacity of manner; as, a qrave remark; qrave attire. Solemn is applied to a case in which gravity is carried to its highest point; as, a solemn admonition; a solemn promise.
Grave, v. t. [imp. Graved (grvd); p. p. Graven (grv"'n) or Graved; p. pr. & vb. n. Graving.] [AS. grafan to dig, grave, engrave; akin to OFries. greva, D. graven, G. graben, OHG. & Goth. graban, Dan. grabe, Sw. gr‰fva, Icel. grafa, but prob. not to Gr. gra`fein to write, E. graphic. Cf. Grave, n., Grove, n.]
1. To dig. [Obs.] Chaucer.
He hath graven and digged up a pit.
Ps. vii. 16 (Book of Common Prayer).
2. To carve or cut, as letters or figures, on some hard substance; to engrave.
Thou shalt take two onyx stones, and grave on them the names of the children of Israel.
Ex. xxviii. 9.
3. To carve out or give shape to, by cutting with a chisel; to sculpture; as, to grave an image.
With gold men may the hearte grave.
Chaucer.
4. To impress deeply (on the mind); to fix indelibly.
O! may they graven in thy heart remain.
Prior.
5. To entomb; to bury. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Lie full low, graved in the hollow ground.
Shak.
Grave, v. i. To write or delineate on hard substances, by means of incised lines; to practice engraving.
Grave, n. [AS. gr?f, fr. grafan to dig; akin to D. & OS. graf, G. grab, Icel. grˆf, Russ. grob' grave, coffin. See Grave to carve.] An excavation in the earth as a place of burial; also, any place of interment; a tomb; a sepulcher. Hence: Death; destruction.
He bad lain in the grave four days.
John xi. 17.
Grave wax, adipocere.
Grave"clothes` (&?;), n. pl. The clothes or dress in which the dead are interred.
Grave"dig`ger (?), n. 1. A digger of graves.
2. (Zoˆl.) See Burying beetle, under Bury, v. t.
Grav"el (?), n. [OF. gravele, akin to F. gr?ve a sandy shore, strand; of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. grouan gravel, W. gro coarse gravel, pebbles, and Skr. grvan stone.] 1. Small stones, or fragments of stone; very small pebbles, often intermixed with particles of sand.
2. (Med.) A deposit of small calculous concretions in the kidneys and the urinary or gall bladder; also, the disease of which they are a symptom.
Gravel powder, a coarse gunpowder; pebble powder.
Grav"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graveled (?) or Gravelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Graveling or Gravelling.]
1. To cover with gravel; as, to gravel a walk.
2. To run (as a ship) upon the gravel or beach; to run aground; to cause to stick fast in gravel or sand.
When we were fallen into a place between two seas, they graveled the ship.
Acts xxvii. 41 (Rhemish version).
Willam the Conqueror . . . chanced as his arrival to be graveled; and one of his feet stuck so fast in the sand that he fell to the ground.
Camden.
3. To check or stop; to embarrass; to perplex. [Colloq.]
When you were graveled for lack of matter.
Shak.
The physician was so graveled and amazed withal, that he had not a word more to say.
Sir T. North.
4. To hurt or lame (a horse) by gravel lodged between the shoe and foot.
Grave"less (?), a. Without a grave; unburied.
Grav"el*ing (?), or Grav"el*ling, n. 1. The act of covering with gravel.
2. A layer or coating of gravel (on a path, etc.).
Grav"el*ing, or Grav"el*ling, n. (Zoˆl.) A salmon one or two years old, before it has gone to sea.
Grav"el*li*ness (?), n. State of being gravelly.
Grav"el*ly (?), a. Abounding with gravel; consisting of gravel; as, a gravelly soil.
Grav"el-stone" (?), n. A pebble, or small fragment of stone; a calculus.
Grave"ly (?), adv. In a grave manner.
Grav"en (?), p. p. of Grave, v. t. Carved.
Graven image, an idol; an object of worship carved from wood, stone, etc. "Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image." Ex. xx. 4.
Grave"ness, n. The quality of being grave.
His sables and his weeds, Importing health and graveness.
Shak.
Gra"ven*stein" (?), n. [So called because it came from Gravenstein, a place in Schleswig. Downing.] A kind of fall apple, marked with streaks of deep red and orange, and of excellent flavor and quality.
Gra*ve"o*lence (?), n. [L. graveolentia: cf. F. gravÈolence. See Graveolent.] A strong and offensive smell; rancidity. [R.] Bailey.
Gra*ve"o*lent (?), a. [L. graveolens; gravis heavy + olere to smell.] Having a rank smell. [R.] Boyle.
Graver (?), n. 1. One who graves; an engraver or a sculptor; one whose occupation is te cut letters or figures in stone or other hard material.
2. An ergraving or cutting tool; a burin.
Grav"er*y (?), n. The act, process, or art, of graving or carving; engraving.
Either of picture or gravery and embossing.
Holland.
Graves (?), n. pl. The sediment of melted tallow. Same as Greaves.
Graves"' dis*ease" (?). [So called after Dr. Graves, of Dublin.] Same as Basedow's disease.
Grave"stone (?), n. A stone laid over, or erected near, a grave, usually with an inscription, to preserve the memory of the dead; a tombstone.
Grave"yard" (?), n. A yard or inclosure for the interment of the dead; a cemetery.
Grav"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or causing, gravitation; as, gravic forces; gravic attraction. [R.]
Grav"id (?), a. [L. gravidus, fr. gravis heavy, loaded. See Grave, a.] Being with child; heavy with young; pregnant; fruitful; as, a gravid uterus; gravid piety. " His gravid associate." Sir T. Herbert.
Grav"i*da"ted (?), a. [L. gravidatus, p. p. of gravidare to load, impregnate. See Gravid.] Made pregnant; big. [Obs.] Barrow.
Grav"i*da"tion (?), n. Gravidity. [Obs.]
Gra*vid"i*ty (?), n. [L. graviditas.] The state of being gravidated; pregnancy. [R.]
Grav"i*grade (?), a. [L. gravis heavy + gradus step.] (Zoˆl.) Slow-paced. -- n. One of the pachyderms.
Gra*vim"e*ter (?), n. [L. gravis heavy + -meter: cf. F. gravimËtre.] (Physics) An instrument for ascertaining the specific gravity of bodies.
Grav"i*met"ric (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to measurement by weight; measured by weight. -- Grav"i*met"ric*al*ly (#), adv.
Gravimetric analysis (Chem.), analysis in which the amounts of the constituents are determined by weight; -- in distinction from volumetric analysis.
Grav"ing (?), n. [From Grave to clean.] The act of cleaning a ship's bottom.
Graving dock. (Naut.) See under Dock.
Grav"ing, n. [From Grave to dig.] 1. The act or art of carving figures in hard substances, esp. by incision or in intaglio.
2. That which is graved or carved. [R.]
Skillful to . . . grave any manner of graving.
2 Chron. ii. 14.
3. Impression, as upon the mind or heart.
New gravings upon their souls.
Eikon Basilike
Grav"i*tate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gravitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gravitating (?).] [Cf. F. graviter. See Gravity.] To obey the law of gravitation; to exert a force Or pressure, or tend to move, under the influence of gravitation; to tend in any direction or toward any object.
Why does this apple fall to the ground? Because all bodies gravitate toward each other.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Politicians who naturally gravitate towards the stronger party.
Macaulay.
Grav"i*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. gravitation. See Gravity.] 1. The act of gravitating.
2. (Pysics) That species of attraction or force by which all bodies or particles of matter in the universe tend toward each other; called also attraction of gravitation, universal gravitation, and universal gravity. See Attraction, and Weight.
Law of gravitation, that law in accordance with which gravitation acts, namely, that every two bodies or portions of matter in the universe attract each other with a force proportional directly to the quantity of matter they contain, and inversely to the squares of their distances.
Grav`i*tation*al (?), a. (Physics) Of or pertaining to the force of gravity; as, gravitational units.
Gravi*ta*tive (?), a. Causing to gravitate; tending to a center. Coleridge.
Grav"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Gravities (#). [L. gravitas, fr. gravis heavy; cf. F. gravitÈ. See Grave, a., Grief.] 1. The state of having weight; beaviness; as, the gravity of lead.
2. Sobriety of character or demeanor. "Men of gravity and learning." Shak.
! p. 648 needs proofing ##proof - especially italicized words (also in etymologies) are not properly marked !>
3. Importance, significance, dignity, etc; hence, seriousness; enormity; as, the gravity of an offense.
They derive an importance from . . . the gravity of the place where they were uttered.
Burke.
4. (Physics) The tendency of a mass of matter toward a center of attraction; esp., the tendency of a body toward the center of the earth; terrestrial gravitation.
5. (Mus.) Lowness of tone; -- opposed to acuteness.
Center of gravity See under Center. -- Gravity battery, See Battery, n., 4. -- Specific gravity, the ratio of the weight of a body to the weight of an equal volume of some other body taken as the standard or unit. This standard is usually water for solids and liquids, and air for gases. Thus, 19, the specific gravity of gold, expresses the fact that, bulk for bulk, gold is nineteen times as heavy as water.
Gra"vy (?), n.; pl. Gravies (#). [OE. greavie; prob. fr. greaves, graves, the sediment of melted tallow. See Greaves.] 1. The juice or other liquid matter that drips from flesh in cooking, made into a dressing for the food when served up.
2. Liquid dressing for meat, fish, vegetables, etc.
Gray (?), a. [Compar. Grayer (&?;); superl. Grayest.] [OE. gray, grey, AS. grg, grg; akin to D. graauw, OHG. gro, G. grau, Dan. graa, Sw. grÂ, Icel. grr.] [Written also grey.] 1. White mixed with black, as the color of pepper and salt, or of ashes, or of hair whitened by age; sometimes, a dark mixed color; as, the soft gray eye of a dove.
These gray and dun colors may be also produced by mixing whites and blacks.
Sir I. Newton.
2. Gray-haired; gray-headed; of a gray color; hoary.
3. Old; mature; as, gray experience. Ames.
Gray antimony (Min.), stibnite. -- Gray buck (Zoˆl.), the chickara. -- Gray cobalt (Min.), smaltite. -- Gray copper (Min.), tetrahedrite. -- Gray duck (Zoˆl.), the gadwall; also applied to the female mallard. -- Gray falcon (Zoˆl.) the peregrine falcon. -- Gray Friar. See Franciscan, and Friar. -- Gray hen (Zoˆl.), the female of the blackcock or black grouse. See Heath grouse. -- Gray mill or millet (Bot.), a name of several plants of the genus Lithospermum; gromwell. -- Gray mullet (Zoˆl.) any one of the numerous species of the genus Mugil, or family MugilidÊ, found both in the Old World and America; as the European species (M. capito, and M. auratus), the American striped mullet (M. albula), and the white or silver mullet (M. Braziliensis). See Mullet. -- Gray owl (Zoˆl.), the European tawny or brown owl (Syrnium aluco). The great gray owl (Ulula cinerea) inhabits arctic America. -- Gray parrot (Zoˆl.), a parrot (Psittacus erithacus), very commonly domesticated, and noted for its aptness in learning to talk. -- Gray pike. (Zoˆl.) See Sauger. -- Gray snapper (Zoˆl.), a Florida fish; the sea lawyer. See Snapper. -- Gray snipe (Zoˆl.), the dowitcher in winter plumage. -- Gray whale (Zoˆl.), a rather large and swift California whale (Rhachianectes glaucus), formerly taken in large numbers in the bays; -- called also grayback, devilfish, and hardhead.
Gray, n. 1. A gray color; any mixture of white and black; also, a neutral or whitish tint.
2. An animal or thing of gray color, as a horse, a badger, or a kind of salmon.
Woe worth the chase, woe worth the day. That coats thy life, my gallant gray.
Sir W. Scott.
Gray"back` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) The California gray whale. (b) The redbreasted sandpiper or knot. (c) The dowitcher. (d) The body louse.
Gray"beard` (?), n. An old man. Shak.
Gray"fly` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The trumpet fly. Milton.
Gray"hound` (-hound`), n. (Zoˆl.) See Greyhound.
Gray"ish, a. Somewhat gray.
Gray"lag` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The common wild gray goose (Anser anser) of Europe, believed to be the wild form of the domestic goose. See Illust. of Goose.
Gray"ling (?), n. [From Gray, a.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A European fish (Thymallus vulgaris), allied to the trout, but having a very broad dorsal fin; -- called also umber. It inhabits cold mountain streams, and is valued as a game fish.
And here and there a lusty trout, And here and there a grayling.
Tennyson.
2. (Zoˆl.) An American fish of the genus Thymallus, having similar habits to the above; one species (T. Ontariensis), inhabits several streams in Michigan; another (T. montanus), is found in the Yellowstone region.
Gray"ness, n. The quality of being gray.
Gray"stone` (?), n. (Geol.) A grayish or greenish compact rock, composed of feldspar and augite, and allied to basalt.
Gray"wacke` (?), n. [G. grauwacke; grau gray + wacke wacke. See Gray, and Wacke, and cf. Grauwacke.] (Geol.) A conglomerate or grit rock, consisting of rounded pebbles and sand firmly united together.
This term, derived from the grauwacke of German miners, was formerly applied in geology to different grits and slates of the Silurian series; but it is now seldom used.
Graze (grz), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grazed (grzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Grazing.] [OE. grasen, AS. grasian, fr. grÊs grass. See Grass.] 1. To feed or supply (cattle, sheep, etc.) with grass; to furnish pasture for.
A field or two to graze his cows.
Swift.
2. To feed on; to eat (growing herbage); to eat grass from (a pasture); to browse.
The lambs with wolves shall graze the verdant mead.
Pope.
3. To tend (cattle, etc.) while grazing.
When Jacob grazed his uncle Laban's sheep.
Shak.
4. To rub or touch lightly the surface of (a thing) in passing; as, the bullet grazed the wall.
Graze, v. i. 1. To eat grass; to feed on growing herbage; as, cattle graze on the meadows.
2. To yield grass for grazing.
The ground continueth the wet, whereby it will never graze to purpose.
Bacon.
3. To touch something lightly in passing.
Graze, n. 1. The act of grazing; the cropping of grass. [Colloq.]
Turning him out for a graze on the common.
T. Hughes.
2. A light touch; a slight scratch.
Graz"er (?), n. One that grazes; a creature which feeds on growing grass or herbage.
The cackling goose, Close grazer, finds wherewith to ease her want.
J. Philips.
Gra"zier (?), n. One who pastures cattle, and rears them for market.
The inhabitants be rather . . . graziers than plowmen.
Stow.
Graz"ing (?), n. 1. The act of one who, or that which, grazes.
2. A pasture; growing grass.
||Gra"zi*o"so (?), adv. [It., adj. See Gracious.] (Mus.) Gracefully; ||smoothly; elegantly.
Gre (?), n. See Gree, a step. [Obs.]
Gre, n. See Gree, good will. [Obs.]
Grease (grs), n. [OE. grese, grece, F. graisse; akin to gras fat, greasy, fr. LL. grassus thick, fat, gross, L. crassus. Cf. Crass.] 1. Animal fat, as tallow or lard, especially when in a soft state; oily or unctuous matter of any kind.
2. (Far.) An inflammation of a horse's heels, suspending the ordinary greasy secretion of the part, and producing dryness and scurfiness, followed by cracks, ulceration, and fungous excrescences.
Grease bush. (Bot.) Same as Grease wood (below). -- Grease moth (Zoˆl.), a pyralid moth (Aglossa pinguinalis) whose larva eats greasy cloth, etc. -- Grease wood (Bot.), a scraggy, stunted, and somewhat prickly shrub (Sarcobatus vermiculatus) of the Spinach family, very abundant in alkaline valleys from the upper Missouri to California. The name is also applied to other plants of the same family, as several species of Atriplex and Obione.
Grease (grz or grs; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greased (grzd or grsd); p. pr. & vb. n. Greasing.]
1. To smear, anoint, or daub, with grease or fat; to lubricate; as, to grease the wheels of a wagon.
2. To bribe; to corrupt with presents.
The greased advocate that grinds the poor.
Dryden.
3. To cheat or cozen; to overreach. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
4. (Far.) To affect (a horse) with grease, the disease.
To grease in the hand, to corrupt by bribes. Usher.
Greas"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, greases; specifically, a person employed to lubricate the working parts of machinery, engines, carriages, etc.
2. A nickname sometimes applied in contempt to a Mexican of the lowest type. [Low, U. S.]
Greas"i*ly (?), adv. 1. In a greasy manner.
2. In a gross or indelicate manner. [Obs.]
You talk greasily; your lips grow foul.
Shak.
Greas"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being greasy, oiliness; unctuousness; grossness.
Greas"y (?), a. [Compar. Greasier (&?;); superl. Greasiest.] 1. Composed of, or characterized by, grease; oily; unctuous; as, a greasy dish.
2. Smeared or defiled with grease.
With greasy aprons, rules, and hammers.
Shak.
3. Like grease or oil; smooth; seemingly unctuous to the touch, as is mineral soapstone.
4. Fat of body; bulky. [R.] Shak.
5. Gross; indelicate; indecent. [Obs.] Marston.
6. (Far.) Affected with the disease called grease; as, the heels of a horse. See Grease, n., 2.
Great (?), a. [Compar. Greater (&?;); superl. Greatest.] [OE. gret, great, AS. gre·t; akin to OS. & LG. grt, D. groot, OHG. grz, G. gross. Cf. Groat the coin.] 1. Large in space; of much size; big; immense; enormous; expanded; -- opposed to small and little; as, a great house, ship, farm, plain, distance, length.
2. Large in number; numerous; as, a great company, multitude, series, etc.
3. Long continued; lengthened in duration; prolonged in time; as, a great while; a great interval.
4. Superior; admirable; commanding; -- applied to thoughts, actions, and feelings.
5. Endowed with extraordinary powers; uncommonly gifted; able to accomplish vast results; strong; powerful; mighty; noble; as, a great hero, scholar, genius, philosopher, etc.
6. Holding a chief position; elevated: lofty: eminent; distinguished; foremost; principal; as, great men; the great seal; the great marshal, etc.
He doth object I am too great of birth.
Shak.
7. Entitled to earnest consideration; weighty; important; as, a great argument, truth, or principle.
8. Pregnant; big (with young).
The ewes great with young.
Ps. lxxviii. 71.
9. More than ordinary in degree; very considerable in degree; as, to use great caution; to be in great pain.
We have all Great cause to give great thanks.
Shak.
10. (Genealogy) Older, younger, or more remote, by single generation; -- often used before grand to indicate one degree more remote in the direct line of descent; as, great-grandfather (a grandfather's or a grandmother's father), great- grandson, etc.
Great bear (Astron.), the constellation Ursa Major. -- Great cattle (Law), all manner of cattle except sheep and yearlings. Wharton. -- Great charter (Eng. Hist.), Magna Charta. -- Great circle of a sphere, a circle the plane of which passes through the center of the sphere. -- Great circle sailing, the process or art of conducting a ship on a great circle of the globe or on the shortest arc between two places. -- Great go, the final examination for a degree at the University of Oxford, England; -- called also greats. T. Hughes. -- Great guns. (Naut.) See under Gun. -- The Great Lakes the large fresh-water lakes (Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario) which lie on the northern borders of the United States. -- Great master. Same as Grand master, under Grand. -- Great organ (Mus.), the largest and loudest of the three parts of a grand organ (the others being the choir organ and the swell, and sometimes the pedal organ or foot keys), It is played upon by a separate keyboard, which has the middle position. -- The great powers (of Europe), in modern diplomacy, Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria, Russia, and Italy. -- Great primer. See under Type. -- Great scale (Mus.), the complete scale; -- employed to designate the entire series of musical sounds from lowest to highest. -- Great sea, the Mediterranean sea. In Chaucer both the Black and the Mediterranean seas are so called. -- Great seal. (a) The principal seal of a kingdom or state. (b) In Great Britain, the lord chancellor (who is custodian of this seal); also, his office. -- Great tithes. See under Tithes. -- The great, the eminent, distinguished, or powerful. -- The Great Spirit, among the North American Indians, their chief or principal deity. -- To be great (with one), to be intimate or familiar (with him). Bacon.
Great (?), n. The whole; the gross; as, a contract to build a ship by the great.
Great"-bel`lied (?), a. Having a great belly; bigbellied; pregnant; teeming. Shak.
Great"coat" (?), n. An overcoat.
Great"en (?), v. t. To make great; to aggrandize; to cause to increase in size; to expand. [R.]
A minister's [business] is to greaten and exalt [his king].
Ken.
Great"en, v. i. To become large; to dilate. [R.]
My blue eyes greatening in the looking- glass.
Mrs. Browning.
Great"-grand"child` (?), n. The child of one's grandson or granddaughter.
Great"-grand"daugh`ter (?), n. [See Great, 10.] A daughter of one's grandson or granddaughter.
Great"-grand"fa`ther (?), n. [See Great, 10.] The father of one's grandfather or grandmother.
Great"-grand"moth`er (?), n. The mother of one's grandfather or grandmother.
Great"-grand"son` (?), n. [See Great, 10.] A son of one's grandson or granddaughter.
Great"-heart`ed (?), a. 1. High-spirited; fearless. [Obs.] Clarendon.
2. Generous; magnanimous; noble.
Great"-heart`ed*ness, n. The quality of being greathearted; high-mindedness; magnanimity.
Great"ly, adv. 1. In a great degree; much.
I will greatly multiply thy sorrow.
Gen. iii. 16.
2. Nobly; illustriously; magnanimously.
By a high fate thou greatly didst expire.
Dryden.
Great"ness, n. [AS. gre·tnes.] 1. The state, condition, or quality of being great; as, greatness of size, greatness of mind, power, etc.
2. Pride; haughtiness. [Obs.]
It is not of pride or greatness that he cometh not aboard your ships.
Bacon.
Greave (?), n. A grove. [Obs.] Spenser.
Greave, n. [OF. grees; cf. Sp. grevas.] Armor for the leg below the knee; -- usually in the plural.
Greave, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greaved (grvd); p. pr. & vb. n. Greaving.] [From Greaves.] (Naut.) To clean (a ship's bottom); to grave.
Greaves (grvz), n. pl. [Cf. dial. Sw. grevar greaves, LG. greven, G. griebe, also AS. greofa pot. Cf. Gravy.] The sediment of melted tallow. It is made into cakes for dogs' food. In Scotland it is called cracklings. [Written also graves.]
Grebe (grb), n. [F. grËbe, fr. Armor. krib comb; akin to kriben crest, W. crib comb, crest. So called in allusion to the crest of one species.] (Zoˆl.) One of several swimming birds or divers, of the genus Colymbus (formerly Podiceps), and allied genera, found in the northern parts of America, Europe, and Asia. They have strong, sharp bills, and lobate toes.
Gre"cian" (?), a. [Cf. Greek.] Of or pertaining to Greece; Greek.
Grecian bend, among women, an affected carriage of the body, the upper part being inclined forward. [Collog.] -- Grecian fire. See Greek fire, under Greek.
Gre"cian, n. 1. A native or naturalized inhabitant of Greece; a Greek.
2. A jew who spoke Greek; a Hellenist. Acts vi. 1.
The Greek word rendered Grecian in the Authorized Version of the New Testament is translated Grecian Jew in the Revised Version.
6. One well versed in the Greek language, literature, or history. De Quincey.
Gre"cism (?), n. [Cf. F. grÈcisme.] An idiom of the Greek language; a Hellenism. Addison.
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Gre"cize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grecized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grecizing.] [Cf. F. grÈciser.] 1. To render Grecian; also, to cause (a word or phrase in another language) to take a Greek form; as, the name is Grecized. T. Warton.
2. To translate into Greek.
Gre"cize, Gre"cian*ize (&?;), v. i. To conform to the Greek custom, especially in speech.
Gre"co-Ro"man (?), a. Having characteristics that are partly Greek and partly Roman; as, Greco- Roman architecture.
||Grecque (grk), n. [F.] An ornament supposed to be of Greek origin, ||esp. a fret or meander.
Gree (?), n. [F. grÈ. See Grateful, and cf. Agree.] 1. Good will; favor; pleasure; satisfaction; -- used esp. in such phrases as: to take in gree; to accept in gree; that is, to take favorably. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Accept in gree, my lord, the words I spoke.
Fairfax.
2. Rank; degree; position. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer.
He is a shepherd great in gree.
Spenser.
3. The prize; the honor of the day; as, to bear the gree, i. e., to carry off the prize. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer.
Gree, v. i. [From Agree.] To agree. [Obs.] Fuller.
Gree, n.; pl. Grees (grz); obs. plurals Greece (grs) Grice (grs or grs), Grise, Grize (grz or grz), etc. [OF. grÈ, F. grade. See Grade.] A step.
Greece (?), n. pl. See Gree a step. [Obs.]
Greed (grd"), n. [Akin to Goth. grdus hunger, Icel. grr. √34. See Greedy.] An eager desire or longing; greediness; as, a greed of gain.
Greed"i*ly (?), adv. In a greedy manner.
Greed"i*ness, n. [AS grdignes.] The quality of being greedy; vehement and selfish desire.
Fox in stealth, wolf in greediness.
Shak.
Syn. -- Ravenousness; voracity; eagerness; avidity.
Greed"y (-), a. [Compar. Greedier (-*r); superl. Greediest.] [OE. gredi, AS. grdig, grdig; akin to D. gretig, OS. grdag, OHG. grtag, Dan. graadig, OSw. gradig, grÂdig, Icel. grugr, Goth. grdags greedy, grdn to be hungry; cf. Skr. gdh to be greedy. Cf. Greed.] 1. Having a keen appetite for food or drink; ravenous; voracious; very hungry; -- followed by of; as, a lion that is greedy of his prey.
2. Having a keen desire for anything; vehemently desirous; eager to obtain; avaricious; as, greedy of gain.
Greed"y-gut` (?), n. A glutton. [Low] Todd.
Gree"gree`, Gri"gri` (?), n. An African talisman or charm.
A greegree man, an African magician or fetich priest.
Greek (?), a. [AS. grec, L. Graecus, Gr. ?: cf. F. grec. Cf. Grecian.] Of or pertaining to Greece or the Greeks; Grecian.
Greek calends. See under Calends. -- Greek Church (Eccl. Hist.), the Eastern Church; that part of Christendom which separated from the Roman or Western Church in the ninth century. It comprises the great bulk of the Christian population of Russia (of which this is the established church), Greece, Moldavia, and Wallachia. The Greek Church is governed by patriarchs and is called also the Byzantine Church. -- Greek cross. See Illust. (10) Of Cross. -- Greek Empire. See Byzantine Empire. -- Greek fire, a combustible composition which burns under water, the constituents of which are supposed to be asphalt, with niter and sulphur. Ure. -- Greek rose, the flower campion.
Greek, n. 1. A native, or one of the people, of Greece; a Grecian; also, the language of Greece.
2. A swindler; a knave; a cheat. [Slang]
Without a confederate the . . . game of baccarat does not . . . offer many chances for the Greek.
Sat. Rev.
3. Something unintelligible; as, it was all Greek to me. [Colloq.]
Greek"ess (?), n. A female Greek. [R.]
Greek"ish, a. [Cf. AS. Grcisc.] Peculiar to Greece.
Greek"ling (?), n. A little Greek, or one of small esteem or pretensions. B. Jonson.
Green (?), a. [Compar. Greener (&?;); superl. Greenest.] [OE. grene, AS. gr?ne; akin to D. groen, OS. gr?ni, OHG. gruoni, G. gr?n, Dan. & Sw. gr?n, Icel. gr?nn; fr. the root of E. grow. See Grow.] 1. Having the color of grass when fresh and growing; resembling that color of the solar spectrum which is between the yellow and the blue; verdant; emerald.
2. Having a sickly color; wan.
To look so green and pale.
Shak.
3. Full of life and vigor; fresh and vigorous; new; recent; as, a green manhood; a green wound.
As valid against such an old and beneficent government as against . . . the greenest usurpation.
Burke.
4. Not ripe; immature; not fully grown or ripened; as, green fruit, corn, vegetables, etc.
5. Not roasted; half raw. [R.]
We say the meat is green when half roasted.
L. Watts.
6. Immature in age or experience; young; raw; not trained; awkward; as, green in years or judgment.
I might be angry with the officious zeal which supposes that its green conceptions can instruct my gray hairs.
Sir W. Scott.
7. Not seasoned; not dry; containing its natural juices; as, green wood, timber, etc. Shak.
Green brier (Bot.), a thorny climbing shrub (Emilaz rotundifolia) having a yellowish green stem and thick leaves, with small clusters of flowers, common in the United States; -- called also cat brier. -- Green con (Zoˆl.), the pollock. -- Green crab (Zoˆl.), an edible, shore crab (Carcinus menas) of Europe and America; -- in New England locally named joe-rocker. -- Green crop, a crop used for food while in a growing or unripe state, as distingushed from a grain crop, root crop, etc. -- Green diallage. (Min.) (a) Diallage, a variety of pyroxene. (b) Smaragdite. -- Green dragon (Bot.), a North American herbaceous plant (ArisÊma Dracontium), resembling the Indian turnip; -- called also dragon root. -- Green earth (Min.), a variety of glauconite, found in cavities in amygdaloid and other eruptive rock, and used as a pigment by artists; -- called also mountain green. -- Green ebony. (a) A south American tree (Jacaranda ovalifolia), having a greenish wood, used for rulers, turned and inlaid work, and in dyeing. (b) The West Indian green ebony. See Ebony. -- Green fire (Pyrotech.), a composition which burns with a green flame. It consists of sulphur and potassium chlorate, with some salt of barium (usually the nitrate), to which the color of the flame is due. -- Green fly (Zoˆl.), any green species of plant lice or aphids, esp. those that infest greenhouse plants. -- Green gage, (Bot.) See Greengage, in the Vocabulary. -- Green gland (Zoˆl.), one of a pair of large green glands in Crustacea, supposed to serve as kidneys. They have their outlets at the bases of the larger antennÊ. -- Green hand, a novice. [Colloq.] -- Green heart (Bot.), the wood of a lauraceous tree found in the West Indies and in South America, used for shipbuilding or turnery. The green heart of Jamaica and Guiana is the Nectandra Rodiúi, that of Martinique is the Colubrina ferruginosa. -- Green iron ore (Min.) dufrenite. -- Green laver (Bot.), an edible seaweed (Ulva latissima); -- called also green sloke. -- Green lead ore (Min.), pyromorphite. -- Green linnet (Zoˆl.), the greenfinch. -- Green looper (Zoˆl.), the cankerworm. -- Green marble (Min.), serpentine. -- Green mineral, a carbonate of copper, used as a pigment. See Greengill. -- Green monkey (Zoˆl.) a West African long-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus callitrichus), very commonly tamed, and trained to perform tricks. It was introduced into the West Indies early in the last century, and has become very abundant there. -- Green salt of Magnus (Old Chem.), a dark green crystalline salt, consisting of ammonia united with certain chlorides of platinum. -- Green sand (Founding) molding sand used for a mold while slightly damp, and not dried before the cast is made. -- Green sea (Naut.), a wave that breaks in a solid mass on a vessel's deck. -- Green sickness (Med.), chlorosis. -- Green snake (Zoˆl.), one of two harmless American snakes (Cyclophis vernalis, and C. Êstivus). They are bright green in color. -- Green turtle (Zoˆl.), an edible marine turtle. See Turtle. -- Green vitriol. (a) (Chem.) Sulphate of iron; a light green crystalline substance, very extensively used in the preparation of inks, dyes, mordants, etc. (b) (Min.) Same as copperas, melanterite and sulphate of iron. -- Green ware, articles of pottery molded and shaped, but not yet baked. -- Green woodpecker (Zoˆl.), a common European woodpecker (Picus viridis); -- called also yaffle.
Green (gren), n. 1. The color of growing plants; the color of the solar spectrum intermediate between the yellow and the blue.
2. A grassy plain or plat; a piece of ground covered with verdant herbage; as, the village green.
O'er the smooth enameled green.
Milton.
3. Fresh leaves or branches of trees or other plants; wreaths; -- usually in the plural.
In that soft season when descending showers Call forth the greens, and wake the rising flowers.
Pope.
4. pl. Leaves and stems of young plants, as spinach, beets, etc., which in their green state are boiled for food.
5. Any substance or pigment of a green color.
Alkali green (Chem.), an alkali salt of a sulphonic acid derivative of a complex aniline dye, resembling emerald green; -- called also Helvetia green. -- Berlin green. (Chem.) See under Berlin. -- Brilliant green (Chem.), a complex aniline dye, resembling emerald green in composition. -- Brunswick green, an oxychloride of copper. -- Chrome green. See under Chrome. -- Emerald green. (Chem.) (a) A complex basic derivative of aniline produced as a metallic, green crystalline substance, and used for dyeing silk, wool, and mordanted vegetable fiber a brilliant green; -- called also aldehyde green, acid green, malachite green, Victoria green, solid green, etc. It is usually found as a double chloride, with zinc chloride, or as an oxalate. (b) See Paris green (below). -- Gaignet's green (Chem.) a green pigment employed by the French artist, Adrian Gusgnet, and consisting essentially of a basic hydrate of chromium. -- Methyl green (Chem.), an artificial rosaniline dyestuff, obtained as a green substance having a brilliant yellow luster; -- called also light-green. -- Mineral green. See under Mineral. - - Mountain green. See Green earth, under Green, a. -- Paris green (Chem.), a poisonous green powder, consisting of a mixture of several double salts of the acetate and arsenite of copper. It has found very extensive use as a pigment for wall paper, artificial flowers, etc., but particularly as an exterminator of insects, as the potato bug; -- called also Schweinfurth green, imperial green, Vienna green, emerald qreen, and mitis green. -- Scheele's green (Chem.), a green pigment, consisting essentially of a hydrous arsenite of copper; -- called also Swedish green. It may enter into various pigments called parrot green, pickel green, Brunswick green, nereid green, or emerald green.
Green, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greened (great): p. pr. & vb. n. Greening.] To make green.
Great spring before Greened all the year.
Thomson.
Green, v. i. To become or grow green. Tennyson.
By greening slope and singing flood.
Whittier.
Green"back" (?), n. One of the legal tender notes of the United States; -- first issued in 1862, and having the devices on the back printed with green ink, to prevent alterations and counterfeits.
Green"back"er (?), n. One of those who supported greenback or paper money, and opposed the resumption of specie payments. [Colloq. U. S.]
Green"bone (?), n. [So named because the bones are green when boiled.] (Zoˆl.) (a) Any garfish (Belone or Tylosurus). (b) The European eelpout.
Green"-broom` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Genista (G. tinctoria); dyer's weed; -- called also greenweed.
Green"cloth` (-klth`; 115), n. A board or court of justice formerly held in the counting house of the British sovereign's household, composed of the lord steward and his officers, and having cognizance of matters of justice in the household, with power to correct offenders and keep the peace within the verge of the palace, which extends two hundred yards beyond the gates.
Green"er*y (?), n. Green plants; verdure.
A pretty little one-storied abode, so rural, so smothered in greenery.
J. Ingelow.
Green"-eyed (?), a. 1. Having green eyes.
2. Seeing everything through a medium which discolors or distorts. "Green-eyed jealousy." Shak.
Green"finch` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) 1. A European finch (Ligurinus chloris); -- called also green bird, green linnet, green grosbeak, green olf, greeny, and peasweep.
2. The Texas sparrow (Embernagra rufivirgata), in which the general color is olive green, with four rufous stripes on the head.
Green"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Bluefish, and Pollock.
Green"gage` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of plum of medium size, roundish shape, greenish flesh, and delicious flavor. It is called in France Reine Claude, after the queen of Francis I. See Gage.
Green"gill` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An oyster which has the gills tinged with a green pigment, said to be due to an abnormal condition of the blood.
Green"gro`cer (?), n. A retailer of vegetables or fruits in their fresh or green state.
Green"head` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) The mallard. (b) The striped bass. See Bass.
{ Green"head (?), Green"hood (?), } n. A state of greenness; verdancy. Chaucer.
Green"horn` (?), n. A raw, inexperienced person; one easily imposed upon. W. Irving.
Green"house` (?), n. A house in which tender plants are cultivated and sheltered from the weather.
Green"ing, n. A greenish apple, of several varieties, among which the Rhode Island greening is the best known for its fine-grained acid flesh and its excellent keeping quality.
Green"ish, a. Somewhat green; having a tinge of green; as, a greenish yellow. -- Green"ish*ness, n.
Green"land*er (?), n. A native of Greenland.
Green"-leek` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An Australian parrakeet (Polytelis Barrabandi); -- called also the scarlet-breasted parrot.
Green"let (?), n. 1. (Zoˆl.) One of numerous species of small American singing birds, of the genus Vireo, as the solitary, or blue- headed (Vireo solitarius); the brotherly-love (V. Philadelphicus); the warbling greenlet (V. gilvus); the yellow-throated greenlet (V. flavifrons) and others. See Vireo.
2. (Zoˆl,) Any species of Cyclorhis, a genus of tropical American birds allied to the tits.
Green"ly, adv. With a green color; newly; freshly, immaturely. -- a. Of a green color. [Obs.]
Green"ness, n. [AS. grnnes. See Green.] 1. The quality of being green; viridity; verdancy; as, the greenness of grass, or of a meadow.
2. Freshness; vigor; newness.
3. Immaturity; unripeness; as, the greenness of fruit; inexperience; as, the greenness of youth.
Green"ock*ite (?), n. [Named after Lord Greenock.] (Min.) Native cadmium sulphide, a mineral occurring in yellow hexagonal crystals, also as an earthy incrustation.
Green"room` (grn"room`), n. The retiring room of actors and actresses in a theater.
Green"sand` (-s&?;nd`), n. (Geol.) A variety of sandstone, usually imperfectly consolidated, consisting largely of glauconite, a silicate of iron and potash of a green color, mixed with sand and a trace of phosphate of lime.
Greensand is often called marl, because it is a useful fertilizer. The greensand beds of the American Cretaceous belong mostly to the Upper Cretaceous.
Green"shank` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A European sandpiper or snipe (Totanus canescens); -- called also greater plover.
Green"-stall` (?), n. A stall at which greens and fresh vegetables are exposed for sale.
Green"stone` (grn"stn`), n. [So called from a tinge of green in the color.] (Geol.) A name formerly applied rather loosely to certain dark-colored igneous rocks, including diorite, diabase, etc.
Green"sward` (-swrd') n. Turf green with grass.
Greenth (grnth), n. [Cf. Growth.] The state or quality of being green; verdure. [R.]
The greenth of summer.
G. Eliot.
Green"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) See Greenbroom.
Green"wood` (?), n. A forest as it appears in spring and summer.
Green"wood`, a. Pertaining to a greenwood; as, a greenwood shade. Dryden.
Greet (?), a. Great. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Greet, v. i. [OE. greten, AS. grtan, grtan; akin to Icel. grta, Sw. grÂta, Dan. grÊde, Goth. grctan; cf. Skr. hrd to sound, roar. √50.] To weep; to cry; to lament. [Obs. or Scot.] [Written also greit.] Spenser.
Greet, n. Mourning. [Obs.] Spenser.
Greet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Greeting.] [OE. greten, AS. grtan to address, approach; akin to OS. grtian, LG. grˆten, D. groeten, OHG. gruozzen, G. gr¸ssen. √50.] 1. To address with salutations or expressions of kind wishes; to salute; to hail; to welcome; to accost with friendship; to pay respects or compliments to, either personally or through the intervention of another, or by writing or token.
My lord, the mayor of London comes to greet you.
Shak.
2. To come upon, or meet, as with something that makes the heart glad.
In vain the spring my senses greets.
Addison.
3. To accost; to address. Pope.
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Greet (?), v. i. To meet and give salutations.
There greet in silence, as the dead are wont, And sleep in peace.
Shak.
Greet, n. Greeting. [Obs.] F. Beaumont.
Greet"er (?), n. One who greets or salutes another.
Greet"er, n. One who weeps or mourns. [Obs.]
Greet"ing, n. Expression of kindness or joy; salutation at meeting; a compliment from one absent.
Write to him . . . gentle adieus and greetings.
Shak.
Syn. -- Salutation; salute; compliment.
Greeve (?), n. See Grieve, an overseer.
Greeze (?), n. A step. See Gree, a step. [Obs.]
The top of the ladder, or first greeze, is this.
Latimer.
Gref"fi*er (?), n. [F., from LL. grafarius, graphiarius, fr. L. graphium, a writing style; cf. F. greffe a record office. See Graft, and cf. Graffer.] A registrar or recorder; a notary. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
Gre"gal (?), a. [L. gregalis, fr. grex, gregis, herd.] Pertaining to, or like, a flock.
For this gregal conformity there is an excuse.
W. S. Mayo.
Gre*ga"ri*an (?), a. Gregarious; belonging to the herd or common sort; common. [Obs.] "The gregarian soldiers." Howell.
||Greg`a*ri"nÊ (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gregarina the typical genus, fr. ||L. gregarius. See Gregarious.] (Zoˆl.) An order of Protozoa, allied ||to the Rhizopoda, and parasitic in other animals, as in the ||earthworm, lobster, etc. When adult, they have a small, wormlike body ||inclosing a nucleus, but without external organs; in one of the young ||stages, they are amúbiform; -- called also Gregarinida, and ||Gregarinaria.
Greg"a*rine (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the GregarinÊ. -- n. One of the GregarinÊ.
||Greg`a*rin"i*da (?) GregarinÊ.
Gre*ga"ri*ous (?), a. [L. gregarius, fr. grex, gregis, herd; cf. Gr. &?; to assemble, Skr. jar to approach. Cf. Congregate, Egregious.] Habitually living or moving in flocks or herds; tending to flock or herd together; not habitually solitary or living alone. Burke.
No birds of prey are gregarious.
Ray.
-- Gre*ga"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Gre*ga"ri*ous*ness, n.
Grege (?), Greg"ge (&?;), v. t. [OE. gregier to burden.] To make heavy; to increase. [Obs.] Wyclif.
{ Greg"goe (?), Gre"go (?), } n. [Prob. fr, It. Greco Greek, or Sp. Griego, or Pg. Grego.] A short jacket or cloak, made of very thick, coarse cloth, with a hood attached, worn by the Greeks and others in the Levant. [Written also griego.]
Gre*go"ri*an (?), a. [NL. Gregorianus, fr. Gregorius Gregory, Gr. &?;: cf. F. grÈgorien.] Pertaining to, or originated by, some person named Gregory, especially one of the popes of that name.
Gregorian calendar, the calendar as reformed by Pope Gregory XIII. in 1582, including the method of adjusting the leap years so as to harmonize the civil year with the solar, and also the regulation of the time of Easter and the movable feasts by means of epochs. See Gregorian year (below). -- Gregorian chant (Mus.), plain song, or canto fermo, a kind of unisonous music, according to the eight celebrated church modes, as arranged and prescribed by Pope Gregory I. (called "the Great") in the 6th century. -- Gregorian modes, the musical scales ordained by Pope Gregory the Great, and named after the ancient Greek scales, as Dorian, Lydian, etc. -- Gregorian telescope (Opt.), a form of reflecting telescope, named from Prof. James Gregory, of Edinburgh, who perfected it in 1663. A small concave mirror in the axis of this telescope, having its focus coincident with that of the large reflector, transmits the light received from the latter back through a hole in its center to the eyepiece placed behind it. -- Gregorian year, the year as now reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar. Thus, every year, of the current reckoning, which is divisible by 4, except those divisible by 100 and not by 400, has 366 days; all other years have 365 days. See Bissextile, and Note under Style, n., 7.
Greil"lade (?), n. (Metal.) Iron ore in coarse powder, prepared for reduction by the Catalan process.
Grei"sen (?), n. (Min.) A crystalline rock consisting of quarts and mica, common in the tin regions of Cornwall and Saxony.
Greit (?), v. i. See Greet, to weep.
Greith (?), v. t. [Icel. greia: cf. AS. gerdan to arrange; pref. ge- + rde ready. Cf. Ready.] To make ready; -- often used reflexively. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Greith, n. [Icel. greii. See Greith, v.] Goods; furniture. [Obs.] See Graith.
Gre"mi*al (?), a. [L. gremium lap, bosom.] Of or pertaining to the lap or bosom. [R.]
Gre"mi*al, n. 1. A bosom friend. [Obs.] Fuller.
2. (Ecol.) A cloth, often adorned with gold or silver lace, placed on the bishop's lap while he sits in celebrating mass, or in ordaining priests.
Gre*nade" (?), n. [F. grenade a pomegranate, a grenade, or Sp. granada; orig., filled with seeds. So called from the resemblance of its shape to a pomegranate. See Carnet, Grain a kernel, and cf. Pomegranate.] (Min.) A hollow ball or shell of iron filled with powder of other explosive, ignited by means of a fuse, and thrown from the hand among enemies.
Hand grenade. (a) A small grenade of iron or glass, usually about two and a half inches in diameter, to be thrown from the hand into the head of a sap, trenches, covered way, or upon besiegers mounting a breach. (b) A portable fire extinguisher consisting of a glass bottle containing water and gas. It is thrown into the flames. Called also fire grenade. -- Rampart grenades, grenades of various sizes, which, when used, are rolled over the pararapet in a trough.
Gren`a*dier" (?), n. [F. grenadier. See Grenade.] 1. (Mil.) Originaly, a soldier who carried and threw grenades; afterward, one of a company attached to each regiment or battalion, taking post on the right of the line, and wearing a peculiar uniform. In modern times, a member of a special regiment or corps; as, a grenadier of the guard of Napoleon I. one of the regiment of Grenadier Guards of the British army, etc.
2. (Zoˆl.) Any marine fish of the genus Macrurus, in which the body and tail taper to a point; they mostly inhabit the deep sea; -- called also onion fish, and rat-tail fish.
3. (Zoˆl.) A bright-colored South African grosbeak (Pyromelana orix), having the back red and the lower parts black.
Gren`a*dil"lo (?), n. [Sp. granadillo.] A handsome tropical American wood, much used for making flutes and other wind instruments; -- called also Grenada cocos, or cocus, and red ebony.
Gren`a*dine" (?), n. [F.] 1. A thin gauzelike fabric of silk or wool, for women's wear.
2. A trade name for a dyestuff, consisting essentially of impure fuchsine.
Gre*na"do (?), n. Same as Grenade.
Grene (?), a. Green. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gres (?), n. Grass. [Obs.] Chaucer.
{ Gres*so"ri*al (?), Gres*so"ri*ous (?), } a. [L. gressus, p. p. of gradi to step, go.] (Zool.) Adapted for walking; anisodactylous; as the feet of certain birds and insects. See Illust. under Aves.
Gret (?), Grete (&?;), a. Great. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gret"to (?), obs. imp. of Greet, to salute.
Greve (?), n. A grove. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Grew (gr), imp. of Grow.
Grew"some (?), Grue"some, a. [From a word akin to Dan. gru horror, terror + -some; cf. D. gruwzaam, G. grausam. Cf. Grisly.] Ugly; frightful.
Grewsome sights of war.
C. Kingsley.
Grey (?), a. See Gray (the correct orthography).
Grey"hound` (?), n. [OE. graihund, greihound, greahund, grihond, Icel. greyhundr; grey greyhound + hundr dog; cf. AS. grghund. The origin of the first syllable is unknown.] A slender, graceful breed of dogs, remarkable for keen sight and swiftness. It is one of the oldest varieties known, and is figured on the Egyptian monuments. [Written also grayhound.]
Grey"lag` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Graylag.
Grib"ble (?), n. [Cf. Prov. E. grib to bite.] (Zoˆl.) A small marine isopod crustacean (Limnoria lignorum or L. terebrans), which burrows into and rapidly destroys submerged timber, such as the piles of wharves, both in Europe and America.
Grice (?), n. [OE. gris, grise; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. gr?ss, Sw. gris, Dan. grus, also Gr. &?;, Skr. ghrshvi, boar. Cf. Grise, Griskin.] A little pig. [Written also grise.] [Scot.]
Grice (?), n. See Gree, a step. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
Grid (?), n. A grating of thin parallel bars, similar to a gridiron.
Grid"dle (?), n. [OE. gredil, gredl, gridel, of Celtic origin; cf. W. greidell, Ir. greideal, greideil, griddle, gridiron, greadaim I burn, scorch. Cf. Gridiron.] 1. An iron plate or pan used for cooking cakes.
2. A sieve with a wire bottom, used by miners.
Grid"dle*cake` (?), n. A cake baked or fried on a griddle, esp. a thin batter cake, as of buckwheat or common flour.
Gride (grd), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grided; p. pr. & vb. n. Griding.] [For gird, properly, to strike with a rod. See Yard a measure, and cf. Grid to strike, sneer.] To cut with a grating sound; to cut; to penetrate or pierce harshly; as, the griding sword. Milton.
That through his thigh the mortal steel did gride.
Spenser.
Gride, n. A harsh scraping or cutting; a grating.
The gride of hatchets fiercely thrown. On wigwam log, and tree, and stone.
Whittier.
Grid"e*lin (grd"*ln), n. [F. gris de lin gray of flax, flax gray.] A color mixed of white, and red, or a gray violet. [Written also gredaline, grizelin.] Dryden.
Grid"i`ron (?), n. [OE. gredire, gredirne, from the same source as E. griddle, but the ending was confused with E. iron. See Griddle.] 1. A grated iron utensil for broiling flesh and fish over coals.
2. (Naut.) An openwork frame on which vessels are placed for examination, cleaning, and repairs.
Gridiron pendulum. See under Pendulum. -- Gridiron valve (Steam Engine), a slide valve with several parallel perforations corresponding to openings in the seat on which the valve moves.
Grief (grf), n. [OE. grief, gref, OF. grief, gref, F. grief, L. gravis heavy; akin to Gr. bary`s, Skr. guru, Goth. ka˙rus. Cf. Barometer, Grave, a., Grieve, Gooroo.] 1. Pain of mind on account of something in the past; mental suffering arising from any cause, as misfortune, loss of friends, misconduct of one's self or others, etc.; sorrow; sadness.
The mother was so afflicted at the loss of a fine boy, . . . that she died for grief of it.
Addison.
2. Cause of sorrow or pain; that which afficts or distresses; trial; grievance.
Be factious for redress of all these griefs.
Shak.
3. Physical pain, or a cause of it; malady. [R.]
This grief (cancerous ulcers) hastened the end of that famous mathematician, Mr. Harriot.
Wood.
To come to grief, to meet with calamity, accident, defeat, ruin, etc., causing grief; to turn out badly. [Colloq.]
Syn. -- Affiction; sorrow; distress; sadness; trial; grievance. Grief, Sorrow, Sadness. Sorrow is the generic term; grief is sorrow for some definite cause -- one which commenced, at least, in the past; sadness is applied to a permanent mood of the mind. Sorrow is transient in many cases; but the grief of a mother for the loss of a favorite child too often turns into habitual sadness. "Grief is sometimes considered as synonymous with sorrow; and in this case we speak of the transports of grief. At other times it expresses more silent, deep, and painful affections, such as are inspired by domestic calamities, particularly by the loss of friends and relatives, or by the distress, either of body or mind, experienced by those whom we love and value." Cogan. See Affliction.
Grief"ful (?), a. Full of grief or sorrow. Sackville.
Grief"less, a. Without grief. Huloet.
Grie"go (?), n. See Greggoe.
Griev"a*ble (?), a. Lamentable. [Obs.]
Griev"ance (?), n. [OF. grevance. See Grieve, v. t.] 1. A cause of uneasiness and complaint; a wrong done and suffered; that which gives ground for remonstrance or resistance, as arising from injustice, tyranny, etc.; injury.
2. Grieving; grief; affliction.
The . . . grievance of a mind unreasonably yoked.
Milton.
Syn. -- Burden; oppression; hardship; trouble.
Griev"an*cer (?), n. One who occasions a grievance; one who gives ground for complaint. [Obs.]
Petition . . . against the bishops as grand grievancers.
Fuller.
Grieve (grv), Greeve, n. [AS. gerfa. Cf. Reeve an officer.] A manager of a farm, or overseer of any work; a reeve; a manorial bailiff. [Scot.]
Their children were horsewhipped by the grieve.
Sir W. Scott.
Grieve (grv), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grieved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grieving.] [OE. greven, OF. grever, fr. L. gravare to burden, oppress, fr. gravis heavy. See Grief.] 1. To occasion grief to; to wound the sensibilities of; to make sorrowful; to cause to suffer; to afflict; to hurt; to try.
Grieve not the Holy Spirit of God.
Eph. iv. 30.
The maidens grieved themselves at my concern.
Cowper,
2. To sorrow over; as, to grieve one's fate. [R.]
Grieve, v. i. To feel grief; to be in pain of mind on account of an evil; to sorrow; to mourn; -- often followed by at, for, or over.
Do not you grieve at this.
Shak.
Griev"er (?), n. One who, or that which, grieves.
Griev"ing, a. Sad; sorrowful; causing grief. -- n. The act of causing grief; the state of being grieved. -- Griev"ing*ly, adv. Shak.
Griev"ous (?), a. [OF. grevous, grevos, LL. gravosus. See Grief.] 1. Causing grief or sorrow; painful; afflictive; hard to bear; offensive; harmful.
The famine was grievous in the land.
Gen. xii. 10.
The thing was very grievous in Abraham's sight.
Gen. xxi. 11.
2. Characterized by great atrocity; heinous; aggravated; flagitious; as, a grievous sin. Gen. xviii. 20.
3. Full of, or expressing, grief; showing great sorrow or affliction; as, a grievous cry. -- Griev"ous*ly, adv. -- Griev"ous*ness, n.
Griff (?), n. [Cf. Gripe.] 1. Grasp; reach. [Obs.]
A vein of gold ore within one spade's griff.
Holland.
2. [Cf. F. griffe, G. griff, prop., a grasping.] (Weaving) An arrangement of parallel bars for lifting the hooked wires which raise the warp threads in a loom for weaving figured goods. Knight.
Griffe (?), n. [F.] The offspring of a mulatto woman and a negro; also, a mulatto. [Local, U. S.]
Grif"fin (?), n. An Anglo-Indian name for a person just arrived from Europe. H. Kingsley.
{ Grif"fin (?), Grif"fon (?), } n. [OE. griffin, griffon, griffoun, F. griffon, fr. L. gryphus, equiv to gryps, Gr. &?;; -- so called because of the hooked beak, and akin to grypo`s curved, hook-nosed.]
1. (Myth.) A fabulous monster, half lion and half eagle. It is often represented in Grecian and Roman works of art.
2. (Her.) A representation of this creature as an heraldic charge.
3. (Zoˆl.) A species of large vulture (Gyps fulvus) found in the mountainous parts of Southern Europe, North Africa, and Asia Minor; -- called also gripe, and grype. It is supposed to be the "eagle" of the Bible. The bearded griffin is the lammergeir. [Written also gryphon.]
4. An English early apple.
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Grig (grg), n. [Cf. Sw. kr‰k little creature, reptile; or D. kriek cricket, E. cricket.] 1. (Zoˆl.) (a) A cricket or grasshopper. [Prov. Eng.] (b) Any small eel. (c) The broad-nosed eel. See Glut. [Prov. Eng.]
2. Heath. [Prov. Eng.] Audrey.
As merry as a grig [etymology uncertain], a saying supposed by some to be a corruption of "As merry as a Greek; " by others, to be an allusion to the cricket.
Gril (grl), a. [OE. gril harsh; akin to G. grell offending the ear or eye, shrill, dazzling, MHG. grel angry; cf. AS. gallan to provoke.] Harsh; hard; severe; stern; rough. [Obs.] Rom. of R.
Grill, n. [F. gril. See Grill, v. t.] 1. A gridiron.
[They] make grills of [wood] to broil their meat.
Cotton.
2. That which is broiled on a gridiron, as meat, fish, etc.
Grill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grilling.] [F. griller, fr. gril gridiron, OF. graÔl, L. craticulum for craticula fine hurdlework, a small gridiron, dim. of crates hurdle. See Grate, n.]
1. To broil on a grill or gridiron. [1913 Webster]
Boiling of men in caldrons, grilling them on gridirons.
Marvell.
2. To torment, as if by broiling. Dickens.
Gril*lade" (&?;), n. [F. See Grill, v. t.] The act of grilling; also, that which is grilled.
Gril"lage (?), n. [F.] (Hydraulic Eagin.) A framework of sleepers and crossbeams forming a foundation in marshy or treacherous soil.
||Grille (?), a. [F. See Grill, v. t.] A lattice or grating.
The grille which formed part of the gate.
L. Oliphant.
Gril"ly (?), v. t. [See Grill, v. t.] To broil; to grill; hence, To harass. [Obs.] Hudibras.
Grilse (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoˆl.) A young salmon after its first return from the sea.
Grim (?), a. [Compar. Grimmer (-mer); superl. Grimmest (&?;).] [AS. grim; akin to G. grimm, equiv. to G. & D. grimmig, Dan. grim, grum, Sw. grym, Icel. grimmr, G. gram grief, as adj., hostile; cf. Gr. &?;, a crushing sound, &?; to neigh.] Of forbidding or fear-inspiring aspect; fierce; stern; surly; cruel; frightful; horrible.
Whose grim aspect sets every joint a- shaking.
Shak.
The ridges of grim war.
Milton.
Syn.-- Fierce; ferocious; furious; horrid; horrible; frightful; ghastly; grisly; hideous; stern; sullen; sour.
Gri*mace" (gr*ms"), n. [F., prob. of Teutonic origin; cf. AS. grma mask, specter, Icel. grma mask, hood, perh. akin to E. grin.] A distortion of the countenance, whether habitual, from affectation, or momentary and occasional, to express some feeling, as contempt, disapprobation, complacency, etc.; a smirk; a made-up face. [1913 Webster]
Moving his face into such a hideous grimace, that every feature of it appeared under a different distortion.
Addison. [1913 Webster]
"Half the French words used affectedly by Melantha in Dryden's "Marriage a-la-Mode," as innovations in our language, are now in common use: chagrin, double-entendre, Èclaircissement, embarras, Èquivoque, foible, grimace, naÔvete, ridicule. All these words, which she learns by heart to use occasionally, are now in common use." I. Disraeli. [1913 Webster]
Gri*mace", v. i. To make grimaces; to distort one's face; to make faces. H. Martineau.
Gri*maced" (?), a. Distorted; crabbed.
Gri*mal"kin (?), n. [For graymalkin; gray + malkin.] An old cat, esp. a she-cat. J. Philips.
Grime (?), n. [Cf. Dan. grim, griim, lampblack, soot, grime, Icel. grma mask, sort of hood, OD. grijmsel, grimsel, soot, smut, and E. grimace.] Foul matter; dirt, rubbed in; sullying blackness, deeply ingrained.
Grime, v. t. To sully or soil deeply; to dirt. Shak.
Grim"i*ly (?), adv. In a grimy manner.
Grim"i*ness n. The state of being grimy.
Grim"ly (?), a. Grim; hideous; stern. [R.]
In glided Margaret's grimly ghost, And stood at William's feet.
D. Mallet.
Grim"ly, adv. In a grim manner; fiercely. Shak.
Grimme (?), n. [Cf. F. grimme.] (Zoˆl.) A West African antelope (Cephalophus rufilotus) of a deep bay color, with a broad dorsal stripe of black; -- called also conquetoon.
Grim"ness (?), n. [AS. grimnes.] Fierceness of look; sternness; crabbedness; forbiddingness.
Grim"sir (?), n. A stern man. [Obs.] Burton.
Grim"y (?), a. [Compar. Grimier (?); superl. Grimiest.] Full of grime; begrimed; dirty; foul.
Grin (grn), n. [AS. grin.] A snare; a gin. [Obs.]
Like a bird that hasteth to his grin.
Remedy of Love.
Grin, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grinned (grnd); p. pr. & vb. n. Grinning.] [OE. grinnen, grennen, AS. grennian, Sw. grina; akin to D. grijnen, G. greinen, OHG. grinan, Dan. grine. √35. Cf. Groan.] 1. To show the teeth, as a dog; to snarl.
2. To set the teeth together and open the lips, or to open the mouth and withdraw the lips from the teeth, so as to show them, as in laughter, scorn, or pain.
The pangs of death do make him grin.
Shak.
Grin, v. t. To express by grinning.
Grinned horrible a ghastly smile.
Milton.
Grin, n. The act of closing the teeth and showing them, or of withdrawing the lips and showing the teeth; a hard, forced, or sneering smile. I. Watts.
He showed twenty teeth at a grin.
Addison.
Grind (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ground (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grinding.] [AS. grindan; perh. akin to L. frendere to gnash, grind. Cf. Grist.] 1. To reduce to powder by friction, as in a mill, or with the teeth; to crush into small fragments; to produce as by the action of millstones.
Take the millstones, and grind meal.
Is. xivii. 2.
2. To wear down, polish, or sharpen, by friction; to make smooth, sharp, or pointed; to whet, as a knife or drill; to rub against one another, as teeth, etc.
3. To oppress by severe exactions; to harass.
To grind the subject or defraud the prince.
Dryden.
4. To study hard for examination. [College Slang]
Grind (?), v. i. 1. To perform the operation of grinding something; to turn the millstones.
Send thee Into the common prison, there to grind.
Milton.
2. To become ground or pulverized by friction; as, this corn grinds well.
3. To become polished or sharpened by friction; as, glass grinds smooth; steel grinds to a sharp edge.
4. To move with much difficulty or friction; to grate.
5. To perform hard and distasteful service; to drudge; to study hard, as for an examination. Farrar.
Grind, n. 1. The act of reducing to powder, or of sharpening, by friction.
2. Any severe continuous work or occupation; esp., hard and uninteresting study. [Colloq.] T. Hughes.
3. A hard student; a dig. [College Slang]
Grind"ed, obs. p. p. of Grind. Ground. Sir W. Scott.
||Grin*de"li*a (?), n. [NL. Named after D. H. Grindel, a Russian.] ||(Med.) The dried stems and leaves of tarweed (Grindelia), used as a ||remedy in asthma and bronchitis.
Grind"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, grinds.
2. One of the double teeth, used to grind or masticate the food; a molar.
3. (Zoˆl.) The restless flycatcher (Seisura inquieta) of Australia; -- called also restless thrush and volatile thrush. It makes a noise like a scissors grinder, to which the name alludes.
Grinder's asthma, phthisis, or rot (Med.), a lung disease produced by the mechanical irritation of the particles of steel and stone given off in the operation of grinding.
Grind"er*y (?), n. Leather workers' materials. [Eng.]
Grindery warehouse, a shop where leather workers' materials and tools are kept on sale. [Eng.]
Grind"ing, a. & n. from Grind.
Grinding frame, an English name for a cotton spinning machine. -- Grinding mill. (a) A mill for grinding grain. (b) A lapidary's lathe.
Grind"ing*ly, adv. In a grinding manner. [Colloq.]
Grin"dle (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The bowfin; -- called also Johnny Grindle. [Local, U. S.]
Grin"dle stone" (?). A grindstone. [Obs.]
Grind"let (?), n. A small drain.
Grind"stone` (?), n. A flat, circular stone, revolving on an axle, for grinding or sharpening tools, or shaping or smoothing objects.
To hold, pat, or bring one's nose to the grindstone, to oppress one; to keep one in a condition of servitude.
They might be ashamed, for lack of courage, to suffer the LacedÊmonians to hold their noses to the grindstone.
Sir T. North.
Grin"ner (?), n. One who grins. Addison.
Grin"ning*ly, adv. In a grinning manner.
Grint (?), 3d pers. sing. pres. of Grind, contr. from grindeth. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Grin"te (?), obs. imp. of Grin, v. i., 1.
[He] grinte with his teeth, so was he wroth.
Chaucer.
Grint"ing (?), n. Grinding. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Grip (?), n. [L. gryps, gryphus. See Griffin, Grype.] (Zoˆl.) The griffin. [Obs.]
Grip, n. [Cf. AS. grip furrow, hitch, D. greb.] A small ditch or furrow. Ray.
Grip, v. t. To trench; to drain.
Grip, n. [AS. gripe. Cf. Grip, v. t., Gripe, v. t.] 1. An energetic or tenacious grasp; a holding fast; strength in grasping.
2. A peculiar mode of clasping the hand, by which members of a secret association recognize or greet, one another; as, a masonic grip.
3. That by which anything is grasped; a handle or gripe; as, the grip of a sword.
4. A device for grasping or holding fast to something.
Grip, v. t. [From Grip a grasp; or P. gripper to seize; -- of German origin. See Gripe, v. t.] To give a grip to; to grasp; to gripe.
Gripe (?), n. [See Grype.] (Zoˆl.) A vulture; the griffin. [Obs.]
Like a white hind under the gripe's sharp claws.
Shak.
Gripe's egg, an alchemist's vessel. [Obs.] E. Jonson.
Gripe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Griped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Griping.] [AS. gripan; akin to D. grijpen, G. greifen, OHG. gr&?;fan, Icel. gripa, Sw. gripe, Dan. gribe, Goth. greipan; cf. Lith. graibyti, Russ. grabite to plunder, Skr. grah, grabh, to seize. Cf. Grip, v. t., Grope.]
1. To catch with the hand; to clasp closely with the fingers; to clutch.
2. To seize and hold fast; to embrace closely.
Wouldst thou gripe both gain and pleasure ?
Robynson (More's Utopia).
3. To pinch; to distress. Specifically, to cause pinching and spasmodic pain to the bowels of, as by the effects of certain purgative or indigestible substances.
How inly sorrow gripes his soul.
Shak.
Gripe, v. i. 1. To clutch, hold, or pinch a thing, esp. money, with a gripe or as with a gripe.
2. To suffer griping pains. Jocke.
3. (Naut.) To tend to come up into the wind, as a ship which, when sailing closehauled, requires constant labor at the helm. R. H. Dana, Jr.
Gripe, n. 1. Grasp; seizure; fast hold; clutch.
A barren scepter in my gripe.
Shak.
2. That on which the grasp is put; a handle; a grip; as, the gripe of a sword.
3. (Mech.) A device for grasping or holding anything; a brake to stop a wheel.
4. Oppression; cruel exaction; affiction; pinching distress; as, the gripe of poverty.
5. Pinching and spasmodic pain in the intestines; -- chiefly used in the plural.
6. (Naut.) (a) The piece of timber which terminates the keel at the fore end; the forefoot. (b) The compass or sharpness of a ship's stern under the water, having a tendency to make her keep a good wind. (c) pl. An assemblage of ropes, dead-eyes, and hocks, fastened to ringbolts in the deck, to secure the boats when hoisted; also, broad bands passed around a boat to secure it at the davits and prevent swinging.
Gripe penny, a miser; a niggard. D. L. Mackenzie.
Gripe"ful (?), a. Disposed to gripe; extortionate.
Grip"er (?), a. One who gripes; an oppressor; an extortioner. Burton.
Grip"ing*ly (?), adv. In a griping or oppressive manner. Bacon.
Grip"man (?), n. The man who manipulates a grip.
Grippe (?), n. [F.] (Med.) The influenza or epidemic catarrh. Dunglison.
Grip"per (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, grips or seizes.
2. pl. In printing presses, the fingers or nippers.
Grip"ple (?), n. A grasp; a gripe. [Obs.] Spenser.
Grip"ple, a. [Dim. fr. gripe.] Griping; greedy; covetous; tenacious. [Obs.] Spenser.
Grip"ple*ness, n. The quality of being gripple. [Obs.]
Grip"sack` (?), n. A traveler's handbag. [Colloq.]
||Gris (?), a. [OF. & F., fr. LL. griseus; of German origin; cf. MHG. ||gris, G. greis, hoary. Cf. Grizzle.] Gray. [R.] Chaucer.
Gris (?), n. [OF., fr. gris gray. Cf. G. grauwerk (lit. gray work) the gray skin of the Siberian squirrel. See Gris, a.] A costly kind of fur. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gris (grs), n. sing. & pl. [See Grice a pig.] A little pig. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
||Gri"saille` (?), n. [F., from gris gray.] 1. (Fine Arts) Decorative ||painting in gray monochrome; -- used in English especially for ||painted glass.
2. A kind of French fancy dress goods. Knight.
Gris"am`ber (?), n. [See Ambergris.] Ambergris. [Obs.] Milton.
Grise (grs), n. See Grice, a pig. [Prov. Eng.]
Grise (grs or grs), n. [Prop. pl. of gree a step.] A step (in a flight of stairs); a degree. [Obs.]
Every grise of fortune Is smoothed by that below.
Shak.
Gris"e*ous (?), a. [LL. griseus. See Gris.] Of a light color, or white, mottled with black or brown; grizzled or grizzly. Maunder.
||Gri*sette" (?), n. [F., fr. grisette a gray woolen cloth, fr. gris ||gray. Grisettes were so called because they wore gray gowns made of ||this stuff. See Gars.] A French girl or young married woman of the ||lower class; more frequently, a young working woman who is fond of ||gallantry. Sterne.
Gris"kin (?), n. [Grise a pig + - kin.] The spine of a hog. [Obs.]
Gri"sled (?), a. [Obs.] See Grizzled.
Gris"li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being grisly; horrid. Sir P. Sidney.
Gris"ly (?), a. [OE, grisly, grislich, AS. grislic, gryslic, fr. gr&?;san to shudder; cf. OD. grijselick horrible, OHG. grisenl?ch, and also AS. gre?san to frighten, and E. gruesome.] Frightful; horrible; dreadful; harsh; as, grisly locks; a grisly specter. "Grisly to behold." Chaucer.
A man of grisly and stern gravity.
Robynson (More's Utopia).
Grisly bear. (Zoˆl.) See under Grizzly.
Gri"son (?), n. [F., fr. grison gray, gray-haired, gris gray. See Gris.] (Zoˆl.) (a) A South American animal of the family Mustelidae (Galictis vittata). It is about two feet long, exclusive of the tail. Its under parts are black. Also called South American glutton. (b) A South American monkey (Lagothrix infumatus), said to be gluttonous.
Gri"sons (?), n. pl. [F.] (Geog.) (a) Inhabitants of the eastern Swiss Alps. (b) sing. The largest and most eastern of the Swiss cantons.
Grist (?), n. [AS. grist, fr. grindan. See Grind.]
1. Ground corn; that which is ground at one time; as much grain as is carried to the mill at one time, or the meal it produces.
Get grist to the mill to have plenty in store.
Tusser. Q.
2. Supply; provision. Swift.
3. In rope making, a given size of rope, common grist being a rope three inches in circumference, with twenty yarns in each of the three strands. Knight.
All is grist that comes to his mill, all that he has anything to do with is a source of profit. [Colloq.] -- To bring grist to the maill, to bring profitable business into one's hands; to be a source of profit. [Colloq.] Ayliffe.
Gris"tle (?), n. [OE. gristel, gristil, AS. gristl; akin to OFries. gristel, grestel. Perh. a dim. of grist but cf. OHG. krustila, krostela. Cf. Grist.] (Anat.) Cartilage. See Cartilage. Bacon.
Gris"tly (?), a. (Anat.) Consisting of, or containing, gristle; like gristle; cartilaginous.
Grist"mill" (?), n. A mill for grinding grain; especially, a mill for grinding grists, or portions of grain brought by different customers; a custom mill.
Grit (?), n. [OE, greet, greot, sand, gravel, AS. greÛt grit, sant, dust; akin to OS griott, OFries. gret gravel, OHG. grioz, G. griess, Icel. grjt, and to E. groats, grout. See Groats, Grout, and cf. Grail gravel.] 1. Sand or gravel; rough, hard particles.
2. The coarse part of meal.
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3. pl. Grain, esp. oats or wheat, hulled and coarsely ground; in high milling, fragments of cracked wheat smaller than groats.
4. (Geol.) A hard, coarse-grained siliceous sandstone; as, millstone grit; -- called also gritrock and gritstone. The name is also applied to a finer sharp-grained sandstone; as, grindstone grit.
5. Structure, as adapted to grind or sharpen; as, a hone of good grit.
6. Firmness of mind; invincible spirit; unyielding courage; fortitude. C. Reade. E. P. Whipple.
Grit (grt), v. i. To give forth a grating sound, as sand under the feet; to grate; to grind.
The sanded floor that grits beneath the tread.
Goldsmith.
Grit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gritted; p. pr. &, vb. n. Gritting.] To grind; to rub harshly together; to grate; as, to grit the teeth. [Collog.]
Grith (grth), n. [AS. gri peace; akin to Icel. grid.] Peace; security; agreement. [Obs.] Gower.
{ Grit"rock` (grt"rk`), Grit"stone` (-stn`) } n. (Geol.) See Grit, n., 4.
Grit"ti*ness (-t*ns), n. The quality of being gritty.
Grit"ty (-t), a. 1. Containing sand or grit; consisting of grit; caused by grit; full of hard particles.
2. Spirited; resolute; unyielding. [Colloq., U. S.]
Griv"et (grv"t), n. [Cf. F. grivet.] (Zoˆl.) A monkey of the upper Nile and Abyssinia (Cercopithecus griseo-viridis), having the upper parts dull green, the lower parts white, the hands, ears, and face black. It was known to the ancient Egyptians. Called also tota.
Grize (grz or grz), n. Same as 2d Grise. [Obs.]
Griz"e*lin (grz"*ln), a. See Gridelin.
Griz"zle (?), n. [F. gris: cf. grisaille hair partly gray, fr. gris gray. See Gris, and cf. Grisaille.] Gray; a gray color; a mixture of white and black. Shak.
Griz"zled (?), a. Gray; grayish; sprinkled or mixed with gray; of a mixed white and black.
Grizzled hair flowing in elf locks.
Sir W. Scott.
Griz"zly (?), a. Somewhat gray; grizzled.
Old squirrels that turn grizzly.
Bacon.
Grizzly bear (Zoˆl.), a large and ferocious bear (Ursus horribilis) of Western North America and the Rocky Mountains. It is remarkable for the great length of its claws.
Griz"zly, n.; pl. Grizzlies (&?;). 1. (Zoˆl.) A grizzly bear. See under Grizzly, a.
2. pl. In hydraulic mining, gratings used to catch and throw out large stones from the sluices. [Local, U. S.] Raymond.
Groan (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groaned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Groaning.] [OE. gronen, granen, granien, AS. gr&?;nian, fr. the root of grennian to grin. √35. See 2d Grin, and cf. Grunt.] 1. To give forth a low, moaning sound in breathing; to utter a groan, as in pain, in sorrow, or in derision; to moan.
For we . . . do groan, being burdened.
2 Cor. v. 4.
He heard the groaning of the oak.
Sir W. Scott.
2. To strive after earnestly, as with groans.
Nothing but holy, pure, and clear, Or that which groaneth to be so.
Herbert.
Groan, v. t. To affect by groans.
Groan, n. A low, moaning sound; usually, a deep, mournful sound uttered in pain or great distress; sometimes, an expression of strong disapprobation; as, the remark was received with groans.
Such groans of roaring wind and rain.
Shak.
The wretched animal heaved forth such groans.
Shak.
Groan"ful (?), a. Agonizing; sad. [Obs.] Spenser.
Groat (?), n. [LG. grte, orig., great, that is, a great piece of coin, larger than other coins in former use. See Great.] 1. An old English silver coin, equal to four pence.
2. Any small sum of money.
Groats (?), n. pl. [OE. grot, AS. grtan; akin to Icel. grautr porridge, and to E. gritt, grout. See Grout.] Dried grain, as oats or wheat, hulled and broken or crushed; in high milling, cracked fragments of wheat larger than grits.
Embden groats, crushed oats.
Gro"cer (?), n. [Formerly written grosser, orig., one who sells by the gross, or deals by wholesale, fr. F. grossier, marchand grossier, fr. gros large, great. See Gross.] A trader who deals in tea, sugar, spices, coffee, fruits, and various other commodities.
Grocer's itch (Med.), a disease of the skin, caused by handling sugar and treacle.
Gro"cer*y (?), n.; pl. Groceries (#). [F. grosserie wholesale. See Grocer.] 1. The commodities sold by grocers, as tea, coffee, spices, etc.; -- in the United States almost always in the plural form, in this sense.
A deal box . . . to carry groceries in.
Goldsmith.
The shops at which the best families of the neighborhood bought grocery and millinery.
Macaulay.
2. A retail grocer's shop or store. [U. S.]
Grog (?), n. [So named from "Old Grog" a nickname given to Admiral Vernon, in allusion to his wearing a grogram cloak in foul weather. He is said to have been the first to dilute the rum of the sailors (about 1745).] A mixture of spirit and water not sweetened; hence, any intoxicating liquor.
Grog blossom, a redness on the nose or face of persons who drink ardent spirits to excess. [Collog.]
Grog"ger*y (?), n.; pl. Groggeries (#). A grogshop. [Slang, U. S.]
Grog"gi*ness (?), n. 1. State of being groggy.
2. (Man.) Tenderness or stiffness in the foot of a horse, which causes him to move in a hobbling manner.
Grog"gy (?), a. 1. Overcome with grog; tipsy; unsteady on the legs. [Colloq.]
2. Weakened in a fight so as to stagger; -- said of pugilists. [Cant or Slang]
3. (Man.) Moving in a hobbling manner, owing to ten der feet; -- said of a horse. Youatt.
{ Grog"ram (?), Grog"ran (?), } n. [OF. gros-grain, lit., gros-grain, of a coarse texture. See Gross, and Grain a kernel, and cf. Grog.] A coarse stuff made of silk and mohair, or of coarse silk.
Grog"shop` (?), n. A shop or room where strong liquors are sold and drunk; a dramshop.
Groin (?), n. [F. groin, fr. grogner to grunt, L. grunnire.] The snout of a swine. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Groin, v. i. [F. grogner to grunt, grumble.] To grunt to growl; to snarl; to murmur. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Bears that groined coatinually.
Spenser.
Groin, n. [Icel. grein distinction, division, branch; akin to Sw. gren, branch, space between the legs, Icel. greina to distinguish, divide, Sw. grena to branch, straddle. Cf. Grain a branch.] 1. (Anat.) The line between the lower part of the abdomen and the thigh, or the region of this line; the inguen.
2. (Arch.) The projecting solid angle formed by the meeting of two vaults, growing more obtuse as it approaches the summit.
3. (Math.) The surface formed by two such vaults.
4. A frame of woodwork across a beach to accumulate and retain shingle. [Eng.] Weale.
Groin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Groined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Groining.] (Arch.) To fashion into groins; to build with groins.
The hand that rounded Peter's dome, And groined the aisles of Christian Rome, Wrought in a sad sincerity.
Emerson.
Groined (?), a. (Arch.) Built with groins; as, a groined ceiling; a groined vault.
Grom"et (?), n. Same as Grommet.
Grom"ill (?), n. (Bot.) See Gromwell.
Grom"met (?), n. [F. gourmette curb, curb chain, fr. gourmer to curb, thump, beat; cf. Armor. gromm a curb, gromma to curb.] 1. A ring formed by twisting on itself a single strand of an unlaid rope; also, a metallic eyelet in or for a sail or a mailbag. Sometimes written grummet.
2. (Mil.) A ring of rope used as a wad to hold a cannon ball in place.
Grom"well (?), n. [Called also gromel, grommel, graymill, and gray millet, all prob. fr. F. gr?mil, cf. W. cromandi.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Lithospermum (L. arvense), anciently used, because of its stony pericarp, in the cure of gravel. The German gromwell is the Stellera. [Written also gromill.]
Grond (?), obs. imp. of Grind. Chaucer.
Gron"te (?), obs. imp. of Groan. Chaucer.
Groom (?), n. [Cf. Scot. grome, groyme, grume, gome, guym, man, lover, OD. grom boy, youth; perh. the r is an insertion as in E. bridegroom, and the word is the same as AS. guma man. See Bridegroom.] 1. A boy or young man; a waiter; a servant; especially, a man or boy who has charge of horses, or the stable. Spenser.
2. One of several officers of the English royal household, chiefly in the lord chamberlain's department; as, the groom of the chamber; the groom of the stole.
3. A man recently married, or about to be married; a bridegroom. Dryden.
Groom porter, formerly an officer in the English royal household, who attended to the furnishing of the king's lodgings and had certain privileges.
Groom, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grooming.] To tend or care for, or to curry or clean, as a, horse.
Groom"er (?), n. One who, or that which, grooms horses; especially, a brush rotated by a flexible or jointed revolving shaft, for cleaning horses.
Grooms"man (?), n.; pl. Groomsmen (&?;). A male attendant of a bridegroom at his wedding; -- the correlative of bridesmaid.
Groop"er (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Grouper.
Groove (?), n. [D. groef, groeve; akin to E. grove. See Grove.] 1. A furrow, channel, or long hollow, such as may be formed by cutting, molding, grinding, the wearing force of flowing water, or constant travel; a depressed way; a worn path; a rut.
2. Hence: The habitual course of life, work, or affairs; fixed routine.
The gregarious trifling of life in the social groove.
J. Morley.
3. [See Grove.] (Mining) A shaft or excavation. [Prov. Eng.]
Groove, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grooved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Groving.] To cut a groove or channel in; to form into channels or grooves; to furrow.
Groov"er (?), n. 1. One who or that which grooves.
2. A miner. [Prov. Eng.] Holloway.
Groov"ing (?), n. The act of forming a groove or grooves; a groove, or collection of grooves.
Grope (grp), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groped (grpt); p. pr. & vb. n. Groping.] [OE. gropen, gropien, grapien, AS. grpian to touch, grope, fr. grpan to gripe. See Gripe.] 1. To feel with or use the hands; to handle. [Obs.]
2. To search or attempt to find something in the dark, or, as a blind person, by feeling; to move about hesitatingly, as in darkness or obscurity; to feel one's way, as with the hands, when one can not see.
We grope for the wall like the blind.
Is. lix. 10.
To grope a little longer among the miseries and sensualities ot a worldly life.
Buckminster.
Grope, v. t. 1. To search out by feeling in the dark; as, we groped our way at midnight.
2. To examine; to test; to sound. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Felix gropeth him, thinking to have a bribe.
Genevan Test. (Acts xxiv. ).
Grop"er (?), n. One who gropes; one who feels his way in the dark, or searches by feeling.
Grop"ing-ly, adv. In a groping manner.
||Gros (?), n. [F. See Gross.] A heavy silk with a dull finish; as, ||gros de Naples; gros de Tours.
Gros"beak (?), n. [Gross + beak: cf. F. gros-bec.] (Zoˆl.) One of various species of finches having a large, stout beak. The common European grosbeak or hawfinch is Coccothraustes vulgaris.
Among the best known American species are the rose-breasted (Habia Ludoviciana); the blue (Guiraca cúrulea); the pine (Pinicola enucleator); and the evening grosbeak. See Hawfinch, and Cardinal grosbeak, Evening grosbeak, under Cardinal and Evening. [Written also grossbeak.]
||Grosch"en (?), n. [G.] A small silver coin and money of account of ||Germany, worth about two cents. It is not included in the new ||monetary system of the empire.
Gros"grain` (?), a. [F. Cf. Grogram.] Of a coarse texture; -- applied to silk with a heavy thread running crosswise.
Gross (?), a. [Compar. Grosser (&?;); superl. Grossest.] [F. gros, L. grossus, perh. fr. L. crassus thick, dense, fat, E. crass, cf. Skr. grathita tied together, wound up, hardened. Cf. Engross, Grocer, Grogram.] 1. Great; large; bulky; fat; of huge size; excessively large. "A gross fat man." Shak.
A gross body of horse under the Duke.
Milton.
2. Coarse; rough; not fine or delicate.
3. Not easily aroused or excited; not sensitive in perception or feeling; dull; witless.
Tell her of things that no gross ear can hear.
Milton.
4. Expressing, or originating in, animal or sensual appetites; hence, coarse, vulgar, low, obscene, or impure.
The terms which are delicate in one age become gross in the next.
Macaulay.
5. Thick; dense; not attenuated; as, a gross medium.
6. Great; palpable; serious; vagrant; shameful; as, a gross mistake; gross injustice; gross negligence.
7. Whole; entire; total; without deduction; as, the gross sum, or gross amount, the gross weight; -- opposed to net.
Gross adventure (Law) the loan of money upon bottomry, i. e., on a mortgage of a ship. -- Gross average (Law), that kind of average which falls upon the gross or entire amount of ship, cargo, and freight; -- commonly called general average. Bouvier. Burrill. -- Gross receipts, the total of the receipts, before they are diminished by any deduction, as for expenses; -- distinguished from net profits. Abbott. -- Gross weight the total weight of merchandise or goods, without deduction for tare, tret, or waste; -- distinguished from neat, or net, weight.
Gross, n. [F. gros (in sense 1), grosse (in sense 2). See Gross, a.] 1. The main body; the chief part, bulk, or mass. "The gross of the enemy." Addison.
For the gross of the people, they are considered as a mere herd of cattle.
Burke.
2. sing. & pl. The number of twelve dozen; twelve times twelve; as, a gross of bottles; ten gross of pens.
Advowson in gross (Law), an advowson belonging to a person, and not to a manor. -- A great gross, twelve gross; one hundred and forty-four dozen. -- By the gross, by the quantity; at wholesale. -- Common in gross. (Law) See under Common, n. -- In the gross, In gross, in the bulk, or the undivided whole; all parts taken together.
Gross"beak` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Grosbeak.
Gross"-head`ed (?), a. Thick- skulled; stupid.
Gross`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Gross + L. ficare (in comp.) to make. See - fy.] 1. The act of making gross or thick, or the state of becoming so.
2. (Bot.) The swelling of the ovary of plants after fertilization. Henslow.
Gross"ly, adv. In a gross manner; greatly; coarsely; without delicacy; shamefully; disgracefully.
Gross"ness, n. The state or quality of being gross; thickness; corpulence; coarseness; shamefulness.
Abhor the swinish grossness that delights to wound the' ear of delicacy.
Dr. T. Dwight.
Gros"su*lar (?), a. [NL. grossularius, from Grossularia a subgenus of Ribes, including the gooseberry, fr. F. groseille. See Gooseberry.] Pertaining too, or resembling, a gooseberry; as, grossular garnet.
Gros"su*lar, n. [See Grossular, a.] (Min.) A translucent garnet of a pale green color like that of the gooseberry; -- called also grossularite.
||Gros`su*la"ria (?), n. [NL. See Grossular.] (Min.) Same as Grossular.
Gros"su*lin (?), n. [See Grossular.] (Chem.) A vegetable jelly, resembling pectin, found in gooseberries (Ribes Grossularia) and other fruits.
<! p. 653 !>
Grot (grt), n. [F. grotte, It. grotta. See Grotto.] A grotto. [Poetic] Milton.
Grot, Grote (&?;), n. A groat. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gro*tesque" (gr*tsk"), a. [F., fr. It. grottesco, fr. grotta grotto. See Grotto.] Like the figures found in ancient grottoes; grottolike; wildly or strangely formed; whimsical; extravagant; of irregular forms and proportions; fantastic; ludicrous; antic. "Grotesque design." Dryden. "Grotesque incidents." Macaulay.
Gro*tesque, n. 1. A whimsical figure, or scene, such as is found in old crypts and grottoes. Dryden.
2. Artificial grotto-work.
Gro*tesque"ly, adv. In a grotesque manner.
Gro*tesque"ness, n. Quality of being grotesque.
Grot"to (grt"t), n.; pl. Grottoes (-tz). [Formerly grotta, fr. It. grotta, LL. grupta, fr. L. crypta a concealed subterranean passage, vault, cavern, Gr. kry`pth, fr. krypto`s concealed, fr. kry`ptein to conceal. Cf. Grot, Crypt.] A natural covered opening in the earth; a cave; also, an artificial recess, cave, or cavernlike apartment.
Grot"to-work` (?), n. Artificial and ornamental rockwork in imitation of a grotto. Cowper.
Ground (ground), n. [OE. ground, grund, AS. grund; akin to D. grond, OS., G., Sw., & Dan. grund, Icel. grunnr bottom, Goth. grundus (in composition); perh. orig. meaning, dust, gravel, and if so perh. akin to E. grind.] 1. The surface of the earth; the outer crust of the globe, or some indefinite portion of it.
There was not a man to till the ground.
Gen. ii. 5.
The fire ran along upon the ground.
Ex. ix. 23.
Hence: A floor or pavement supposed to rest upon the earth.
2. Any definite portion of the earth's surface; region; territory; country. Hence: A territory appropriated to, or resorted to, for a particular purpose; the field or place of action; as, a hunting or fishing ground; a play ground.
From . . . old Euphrates, to the brook that parts Egypt from Syrian ground.
Milton.
3. Land; estate; possession; field; esp. (pl.), the gardens, lawns, fields, etc., belonging to a homestead; as, the grounds of the estate are well kept.
Thy next design is on thy neighbor's grounds.
Dryden. 4.
4. The basis on which anything rests; foundation. Hence: The foundation of knowledge, belief, or conviction; a premise, reason, or datum; ultimate or first principle; cause of existence or occurrence; originating force or agency; as, the ground of my hope.
5. (Paint. & Decorative Art) (a) That surface upon which the figures of a composition are set, and which relieves them by its plainness, being either of one tint or of tints but slightly contrasted with one another; as, crimson Bowers on a white ground. See Background, Foreground, and Middle-ground. (b) In sculpture, a flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief. (c) In point lace, the net of small meshes upon which the embroidered pattern is applied; as, Brussels ground. See Brussels lace, under Brussels.
6. (Etching) A gummy composition spread over the surface of a metal to be etched, to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is made by the needle.
7. (Arch.) One of the pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to which moldings, etc., are attached; -- usually in the plural.
Grounds are usually put up first and the plastering floated flush with them.
8. (Mus.) (a) A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody. (b) The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song. Moore (Encyc.).
On that ground I'll build a holy descant.
Shak.
9. (Elec.) A conducting connection with the earth, whereby the earth is made part of an electrical circuit.
10. pl. Sediment at the bottom of liquors or liquids; dregs; lees; feces; as, coffee grounds.
11. The pit of a theater. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
Ground angling, angling with a weighted line without a float. -- Ground annual (Scots Law), an estate created in land by a vassal who instead of selling his land outright reserves an annual ground rent, which becomes a perpetual charge upon the land. -- Ground ash. (Bot.) See Groutweed. -- Ground bailiff (Mining), a superintendent of mines. Simmonds. -- Ground bait, bits of bread, boiled barley or worms, etc., thrown into the water to collect the fish, Wallon. -- Ground bass or base (Mus.), fundamental base; a fundamental base continually repeated to a varied melody. -- Ground beetle (Zoˆl.), one of numerous species of carnivorous beetles of the family CarabidÊ, living mostly in burrows or under stones, etc. -- Ground chamber, a room on the ground floor. -- Ground cherry. (Bot.) (a) A genus (Physalis) of herbaceous plants having an inflated calyx for a seed pod: esp., the strawberry tomato (P. Alkekengi). See Alkekengl. (b) A European shrub (Prunus ChamÊcerasus), with small, very acid fruit. -- Ground cuckoo. (Zoˆl.) See Chaparral cock. -- Ground cypress. (Bot.) See Lavender cotton. -- Ground dove (Zoˆl.), one of several small American pigeons of the genus Columbigallina, esp. C. passerina of the Southern United States, Mexico, etc. They live chiefly on the ground. -- Ground fish (Zoˆl.), any fish which constantly lives on the botton of the sea, as the sole, turbot, halibut. -- Ground floor, the floor of a house most nearly on a level with the ground; -- called also in America, but not in England, the first floor. -- Ground form (Gram.), the stem or basis of a word, to which the other parts are added in declension or conjugation. It is sometimes, but not always, the same as the root. -- Ground furze (Bot.), a low slightly thorny, leguminous shrub (Ononis arvensis) of Europe and Central Asia,; -- called also rest- harrow. -- Ground game, hares, rabbits, etc., as distinguished from winged game. -- Ground hele (Bot.), a perennial herb (Veronica officinalis) with small blue flowers, common in Europe and America, formerly thought to have curative properties. -- Ground of the heavens (Astron.), the surface of any part of the celestial sphere upon which the stars may be regarded as projected. -- Ground hemlock (Bot.), the yew (Taxus baccata var. Canadensisi) of eastern North America, distinguished from that of Europe by its low, straggling stems. -- Ground hog. (Zoˆl.) (a) The woodchuck or American marmot (Arctomys monax). See Woodchuck. (b) The aardvark. -- Ground hold (Naut.), ground tackle. [Obs.] Spenser. -- Ground ice, ice formed at the bottom of a body of water before it forms on the surface. -- Ground ivy. (Bot.) A trailing plant; alehoof. See Gill. -- Ground joist, a joist for a basement or ground floor; a. sleeper. -- Ground lark (Zoˆl.), the European pipit. See Pipit. - - Ground laurel (Bot.). See Trailing arbutus, under Arbutus. -- Ground line (Descriptive Geom.), the line of intersection of the horizontal and vertical planes of projection. -- Ground liverwort (Bot.), a flowerless plant with a broad flat forking thallus and the fruit raised on peduncled and radiated receptacles (Marchantia polymorpha). -- Ground mail, in Scotland, the fee paid for interment in a churchyard. -- Ground mass (Geol.), the fine-grained or glassy base of a rock, in which distinct crystals of its constituents are embedded. -- Ground parrakeet (Zoˆl.), one of several Australian parrakeets, of the genera Callipsittacus and Geopsittacus, which live mainly upon the ground. -- Ground pearl (Zoˆl.), an insect of the family CoccidÊ (Margarodes formicarum), found in ants' nests in the Bahamas, and having a shelly covering. They are strung like beads, and made into necklaces by the natives. -- Ground pig (Zoˆl.), a large, burrowing, African rodent (Aulacodus Swinderianus) about two feet long, allied to the porcupines but with harsh, bristly hair, and no spines; -- called also ground rat. -- Ground pigeon (Zoˆl.), one of numerous species of pigeons which live largely upon the ground, as the tooth-billed pigeon (Didunculus strigirostris), of the Samoan Islands, and the crowned pigeon, or goura. See Goura, and Ground dove (above). -- Ground pine. (Bot.) (a) A blue-flowered herb of the genus Ajuga (A. ChamÊpitys), formerly included in the genus Teucrium or germander, and named from its resinous smell. Sir J. Hill. (b) A long, creeping, evergreen plant of the genus Lycopodium (L. clavatum); -- called also club moss. (c) A tree-shaped evergreen plant about eight inches in height, of the same genus (L. dendroideum) found in moist, dark woods in the northern part of the United States. Gray. -- Ground plan (Arch.), a plan of the ground floor of any building, or of any floor, as distinguished from an elevation or perpendicular section. -- Ground plane, the horizontal plane of projection in perspective drawing. -- Ground plate. (a) (Arch.) One of the chief pieces of framing of a building; a timber laid horizontally on or near the ground to support the uprights; a ground sill or groundsel. (b) (Railroads) A bed plate for sleepers or ties; a mudsill. (c) (Teleg.) A metallic plate buried in the earth to conduct the electric current thereto. Connection to the pipes of a gas or water main is usual in cities. Knight. -- Ground plot, the ground upon which any structure is erected; hence, any basis or foundation; also, a ground plan. -- Ground plum (Bot.), a leguminous plant (Astragalus caryocarpus) occurring from the Saskatchewan to Texas, and having a succulent plum-shaped pod. -- Ground rat. (Zoˆl.) See Ground pig (above). -- Ground rent, rent paid for the privilege of building on another man's land. -- Ground robin. (Zoˆl.) See Chewink. -- Ground room, a room on the ground floor; a lower room. Tatler. -- Ground sea, the West Indian name for a swell of the ocean, which occurs in calm weather and without obvious cause, breaking on the shore in heavy roaring billows; -- called also rollers, and in Jamaica, the North sea. -- Ground sill. See Ground plate (a) (above). -- Ground snake (Zoˆl.), a small burrowing American snake (Celuta amúna). It is salmon colored, and has a blunt tail. -- Ground squirrel. (Zoˆl.) (a) One of numerous species of burrowing rodents of the genera Tamias and Spermophilus, having cheek pouches. The former genus includes the Eastern striped squirrel or chipmunk and some allied Western species; the latter includes the prairie squirrel or striped gopher, the gray gopher, and many allied Western species. See Chipmunk, and Gopher. (b) Any species of the African genus Xerus, allied to Tamias. -- Ground story. Same as Ground floor (above). -- Ground substance (Anat.), the intercellular substance, or matrix, of tissues. -- Ground swell. (a) (Bot.) The plant groundsel. [Obs.] Holland. (b) A broad, deep swell or undulation of the ocean, caused by a long continued gale, and felt even at a remote distance after the gale has ceased. -- Ground table. (Arch.) See Earth table, under Earth. -- Ground tackle (Naut.), the tackle necessary to secure a vessel at anchor. Totten. -- Ground thrush (Zoˆl.), one of numerous species of bright-colored Oriental birds of the family PittidÊ. See Pitta. -- Ground tier. (a) The lowest tier of water casks in a vessel's hold. Totten. (b) The lowest line of articles of any kind stowed in a vessel's hold. (c) The lowest range of boxes in a theater. -- Ground timbers (Shipbuilding) the timbers which lie on the keel and are bolted to the keelson; floor timbers. Knight. -- Ground tit. (Zoˆl.) See Ground wren (below). - - Ground wheel, that wheel of a harvester, mowing machine, etc., which, rolling on the ground, drives the mechanism. -- Ground wren (Zoˆl.), a small California bird (ChamÊa fasciata) allied to the wrens and titmice. It inhabits the arid plains. Called also ground tit, and wren tit. -- To bite the ground, To break ground. See under Bite, Break. -- To come to the ground, To fall to the ground, to come to nothing; to fail; to miscarry. -- To gain ground. (a) To advance; to proceed forward in conflict; as, an army in battle gains ground. (b) To obtain an advantage; to have some success; as, the army gains ground on the enemy. (c) To gain credit; to become more prosperous or influential. -- To get, or To gather, ground, to gain ground. [R.] "Evening mist . . . gathers ground fast." Milton.
There is no way for duty to prevail, and get ground of them, but by bidding higher.
South.
-- To give ground, to recede; to yield advantage.
These nine . . . began to give me ground.
Shak.
-- To lose ground, to retire; to retreat; to withdraw from the position taken; hence, to lose advantage; to lose credit or reputation; to decline. -- To stand one's ground, to stand firm; to resist attack or encroachment. Atterbury. -- To take the ground to touch bottom or become stranded; -- said of a ship.
Ground (ground), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Grounding.] 1. To lay, set, or run, on the ground.
2. To found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, reason, or principle; to furnish a ground for; to fix firmly.
Being rooted and grounded in love.
Eph. iii. 17.
So far from warranting any inference to the existence of a God, would, on the contrary, ground even an argument to his negation.
Sir W. Hamilton
3. To instruct in elements or first principles.
4. (Elec.) To connect with the ground so as to make the earth a part of an electrical circuit.
5. (Fine Arts) To cover with a ground, as a copper plate for etching (see Ground, n., 5); or as paper or other materials with a uniform tint as a preparation for ornament.
Ground, v. i. To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed; as, the ship grounded on the bar.
Ground, imp. & p. p. of Grind.
Ground cock, a cock, the plug of which is ground into its seat, as distinguished from a compression cock. Knight. -- Ground glass, glass the transparency of which has been destroyed by having its surface roughened by grinding. -- Ground joint, a close joint made by grinding together two pieces, as of metal with emery and oil, or of glass with fine sand and water.
Ground"age (?), n. A local tax paid by a ship for the ground or space it occupies while in port. Bouvier.
Ground"ed*ly, adv. In a grounded or firmly established manner. Glanvill.
Ground"en (?), obs. p. p. of Grind. Chaucer.
Ground"ing, n. The act, method, or process of laying a groundwork or foundation; hence, elementary instruction; the act or process of applying a ground, as of color, to wall paper, cotton cloth, etc.; a basis.
Ground"less, a. [AS. grundle·s bottomless.] Without ground or foundation; wanting cause or reason for support; not authorized; false; as, groundless fear; a groundless report or assertion. -- Ground"less*ly, adv. -- Ground"less*ness, n.
Ground"ling, n. [Ground + - ling.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A fish that keeps at the bottom of the water, as the loach.
2. A spectator in the pit of a theater, which formerly was on the ground, and without floor or benches.
No comic buffoon to make the groundlings laugh.
Coleridge.
Ground"ly, adv. Solidly; deeply; thoroughly. [Obs.]
Those whom princes do once groundly hate, Let them provide to die as sure us fate.
Marston.
Ground"nut` (-nt`), n. (Bot.) (a) The fruit of the Arachis hypogÊa (native country uncertain); the peanut; the earthnut. (b) A leguminous, twining plant (Apios tuberosa), producing clusters of dark purple flowers and having a root tuberous and pleasant to the taste. (c) The dwarf ginseng (Aralia trifolia). [U. S.] Gray. (d) A European plant of the genus Bunium (B. flexuosum), having an edible root of a globular shape and sweet, aromatic taste; -- called also earthnut, earth chestnut, hawknut, and pignut. [1913 Webster]
Ground"sel (?), n. [OE. grundswilie, AS. grundeswylige, grundeswelge, earlier gundiswilge; gund matter, pus + swelgan to swallow. So named as being good for a running from the eye. See Swallow, v.] (Bot.) An annual composite plant (Senecio vulgaris), one of the most common and widely distributed weeds on the globe.
Ground"sel (?), Ground"sill` (?), n. [Ground + sill.] See Ground plate (a), under Ground
Ground"work` (-w˚rk`), n. That which forms the foundation or support of anything; the basis; the essential or fundamental part; first principle. Dryden.
Group (grp), n. [F groupe, It. gruppo, groppo, cluster, bunch, packet, group; of G. origin: cf. G. kropf craw, crop, tumor, bunch. See Crop, n.] 1. A cluster, crowd, or throng; an assemblage, either of persons or things, collected without any regular form or arrangement; as, a group of men or of trees; a group of isles.
2. An assemblage of objects in a certain order or relation, or having some resemblance or common characteristic; as, groups of strata.
3. (Biol.) A variously limited assemblage of animals or plants, having some resemblance, or common characteristics in form or structure. The term has different uses, and may be made to include certain species of a genus, or a whole genus, or certain genera, or even several orders.
4. (Mus.) A number of eighth, sixteenth, etc., notes joined at the stems; -- sometimes rather indefinitely applied to any ornament made up of a few short notes.
Group, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grouped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grouping.] [Cf. F. grouper. See Group, n.] To form a group of; to arrange or combine in a group or in groups, often with reference to mutual relation and the best effect; to form an assemblage of.
The difficulty lies in drawing and disposing, or, as the painters term it, in grouping such a multitude of different objects.
Prior.
Grouped columns (Arch.), three or more columns placed upon the same pedestal.
Group"er (?), n. [Corrupted fr. Pg. garupa crupper. Cf. Garbupa.] (Zoˆl.) (a) One of several species of valuable food fishes of the genus Epinephelus, of the family SerranidÊ, as the red grouper, or brown snapper (E. morio), and the black grouper, or warsaw (E. nigritus), both from Florida and the Gulf of Mexico. (b) The tripletail (Lobotes). (c) In California, the name is often applied to the rockfishes. [Written also groper, gruper, and trooper.]
<! p. 654 !>
Group"ing (?), n. (Fine Arts) The disposal or relative arrangement of figures or objects, as in, drawing, painting, and sculpture, or in ornamental design.
Grouse (?), n. sing. & pl. [Prob. after the analogy of mouse, mice, fr. the earlier grice, OF. griesche meor hen: cf. F. piegriËche shrike.] (Zoˆl.) Any of the numerous species of gallinaceous birds of the family TetraonidÊ, and subfamily TetraoninÊ, inhabiting Europe, Asia, and North America. They have plump bodies, strong, well-feathered legs, and usually mottled plumage. The group includes the ptarmigans (Lagopus), having feathered feet.
Among the European species are the red grouse (Lagopus Scoticus) and the hazel grouse (Bonasa betulina). See Capercaidzie, Ptarmigan, and Heath grouse. Among the most important American species are the ruffed grouse, or New England partridge (Bonasa umbellus); the sharp-tailed grouse (PediocÊtes phasianellus) of the West; the dusky blue, or pine grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) of the Rocky Mountains; the Canada grouse, or spruce partridge (D. Canadensis). See also Prairie hen, and Sage cock. The Old World sand grouse (Pterocles, etc.) belong to a very different family. See Pterocletes, and Sand grouse.
Grouse, v. i. To seek or shoot grouse.
Grou"ser (?), n. (Dredging, Pile Driving, etc.) A pointed timber attached to a boat and sliding vertically, to thrust into the ground as a means of anchorage.
Grout (grout), n. [AS. grt; akin to grytt, G. gr¸tze, griess, Icel. grautr, Lith. grudas corn, kernel, and E. groats.] 1. Coarse meal; ground malt; pl. groats.
2. Formerly, a kind of beer or ale. [Eng.]
3. pl. Lees; dregs; grounds. [Eng.] "Grouts of tea." Dickens.
4. A thin, coarse mortar, used for pouring into the joints of masonry and brickwork; also, a finer material, used in finishing the best ceilings. Gwilt.
Grout, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grouted; p. pr. & vb. n. Grouting.] To fill up or finish with grout, as the joints between stones.
Grout"head` (?), n. [Obs.] See Growthead.
Grout"ing, n. The process of filling in or finishing with grout; also, the grout thus filled in. Gwilt.
Grout"nol (?), n. [See Groat, and Noll, n.] [Obs.] Same as Growthead. Beau. & Fl.
Grout"y (?), a. Cross; sulky; sullen. [Colloq.]
Grove (grv), n. [AS. graf, fr. grafan to dig. The original sense seems to have been a lane cut through trees. See Grave, v., and cf. Groove.] A smaller group of trees than a forest, and without underwood, planted, or growing naturally as if arranged by art; a wood of small extent.
The Hebrew word Asherah, rendered grove in the Authorized Version of the Bible, is left untranslated in the Revised Version. Almost all modern interpreters agree that by Asherah an idol or image of some kind is intended.
Grov"el (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groveled (?) or Grovelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Groveling or Grovelling.] [From OE. grovelinge, grufelinge, adv., on the face, prone, which was misunderstood as a p. pr.; cf. OE. gruf, groff, in the same sense; of Scand. origin, cf. Icel. grfa, in grfu on the face, prone, grfa to grovel.] 1. To creep on the earth, or with the face to the ground; to lie prone, or move uneasily with the body prostrate on the earth; to lie flat on one's belly, expressive of abjectness; to crawl.
To creep and grovel on the ground.
Dryden.
2. To tend toward, or delight in, what is sensual or base; to be low, abject, or mean.
Grov"el*er (?), n. One who grovels; an abject wretch. [Written also groveller.]
Grov"el*ing, a. Lying prone; low; debased. [Written also grovelling.] "A groveling creature." Cowper.
Grov"y (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, a grove; situated in, or frequenting, groves. Dampier.
Grow (gr), v. i. [imp. Grew (gr); p. p. Grown (grn); p. pr. & vb. n. Growing.] [AS. grwan; akin to D. groeijen, Icel. gra, Dan. groe, Sw. gro. Cf. Green, Grass.] 1. To increase in size by a natural and organic process; to increase in bulk by the gradual assimilation of new matter into the living organism; -- said of animals and vegetables and their organs.
2. To increase in any way; to become larger and stronger; to be augmented; to advance; to extend; to wax; to accrue.
Winter began to grow fast on.
Knolles.
Even just the sum that I do owe to you Is growing to me by Antipholus.
Shak.
3. To spring up and come to maturity in a natural way; to be produced by vegetation; to thrive; to flourish; as, rice grows in warm countries.
Where law faileth, error groweth.
Gower.
4. To pass from one state to another; to result as an effect from a cause; to become; as, to grow pale.
For his mind Had grown Suspicion's sanctuary.
Byron.
5. To become attached or fixed; to adhere.
Our knees shall kneel till to the ground they grow.
Shak.
Growing cell, or Growing slide, a device for preserving alive a minute object in water continually renewed, in a manner to permit its growth to be watched under the microscope. -- Grown over, covered with a growth. -- To grow out of, to issue from, as plants from the soil, or as a branch from the main stem; to result from.
These wars have grown out of commercial considerations.
A. Hamilton.
-- To grow up, to arrive at full stature or maturity; as, grown up children. -- To grow together, to close and adhere; to become united by growth, as flesh or the bark of a tree severed. Howells.
Syn. -- To become; increase; enlarge; augment; improve; expand; extend.
Grow (?), v. t. To cause to grow; to cultivate; to produce; as, to grow a crop; to grow wheat, hops, or tobacco. Macaulay.
Syn. -- To raise; to cultivate. See Raise, v. t., 3.
Grow"a*ble (?), a. Capable of growth.
Grow"an (?), n. [Cf. Arm. grouan gravel, Corn. grow gravel, sand.] (Mining.) A decomposed granite, forming a mass of gravel, as in tin lodes in Cornwall.
Grow"er (?), n. One who grows or produces; as, a grower of corn; also, that which grows or increases; as, a vine may be a rank or a slow grower.
Growl (groul), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Growled (grould); p. pr. & vb. n. Growling.] [D. grollen to grunt, murmur, be angry; akin to G. grollen to be angry.] To utter a deep guttural sound, as an angry dog; to give forth an angry, grumbling sound. Gay.
Growl, v. t. To express by growling. Thomson.
Growl, n. The deep, threatening sound made by a surly dog; a grumbling sound.
Growl"er (?), n. 1. One who growls.
2. (Zoˆl.) The large-mouthed black bass. [Local]
3. A four-wheeled cab. [Slang, Eng.]
Growl"ing*ly, adv. In a growling manner.
Grown (?), p. p. of Grow.
Growse (?), v. i. [Cf. gruesome, grewsome, and G. grausen to make shudder, shiver.] To shiver; to have chills. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Ray.
Growth (grth), n. [Icel. grr, gri. See Grow.] 1. The process of growing; the gradual increase of an animal or a vegetable body; the development from a seed, germ, or root, to full size or maturity; increase in size, number, frequency, strength, etc.; augmentation; advancement; production; prevalence or influence; as, the growth of trade; the growth of power; the growth of intemperance. Idle weeds are fast in growth. Shak.
2. That which has grown or is growing; anything produced; product; consequence; effect; result.
Nature multiplies her fertile growth.
Milton.
Growt"head` (?), n. [Lit., greathead.] A lazy person; a blockhead. [Obs.] Tusser.
Growth"ful (?), a. Having capacity of growth. [R.] J. Hamilton.
Groyne (?), n. [Obs.] See Groin.
Gro"zing i"ron (?). 1. A tool with a hardened steel point, formerly used instead of a diamond for cutting glass.
2. (Plumbing) A tool for smoothing the solder joints of lead pipe. Knight.
Grub (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grubbed (?), p. pr. & vb. n. Grubbing (&?;).] [OE. grubbin., cf. E. grab, grope.] 1. To dig in or under the ground, generally for an object that is difficult to reach or extricate; to be occupied in digging.
2. To drudge; to do menial work. Richardson.
Grub, v. t. 1. To dig; to dig up by the roots; to root out by digging; -- followed by up; as, to grub up trees, rushes, or sedge.
They do not attempt to grub up the root of sin.
Hare.
2. To supply with food. [Slang] Dickens.
Grub, n. 1. (Zoˆl.) The larva of an insect, especially of a beetle; -- called also grubworm. See Illust. of Goldsmith beetle, under Goldsmith.
Yet your butterfly was a grub.
Shak.
2. A short, thick man; a dwarf. [Obs.] Carew.
3. Victuals; food. [Slang] Halliwell.
Grub ax or axe, a kind of mattock used in grubbing up roots, etc. -- Grub breaker. Same as Grub hook (below). -- Grub hoe, a heavy hoe for grubbing. -- Grub hook, a plowlike implement for uprooting stumps, breaking roots, etc. -- Grub saw, a handsaw used for sawing marble. -- Grub Street, a street in London (now called Milton Street), described by Dr. Johnson as "much inhabited by writers of small histories, dictionaries, and temporary poems, whence any mean production is called grubstreet." As an adjective, suitable to, or resembling the production of, Grub Street.
I 'd sooner ballads write, and grubstreet lays.
Gap.
Grub"ber, n. One who, or that which, grubs; especially, a machine or tool of the nature of a grub ax, grub hook, etc.
Grub"ble (?), v. t. & i. [Freq. of grub, but cf. grabble.] To feel or grope in the dark. [Obs.] Dryden.
Grub"by, a. [From Grub.] Dirty; unclean. [Colloq.]
The grubby game of marbles.
Lond. Sat. Rev.
Grub"by, n. (Zoˆl.) Any species of Cottus; a sculpin. [Local, U. S.]
Grub"worm (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Grub, n., 1.
And gnats and grubworms crowded on his view.
C. Smart.
Grucche (grch), v. i. [See Grudge.] To murmur; to grumble. [Obs.]
What aileth you, thus for grucche and groan.
Chaucer.
Grudge (grj), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grudger (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grudging.] [OE. grutchen, gruchen, grochen, to murmur, grumble, OF. grochier, grouchier, grocier, groucier; cf. Icel. krytja to murmur, krutr a murmur, or E. grunt.] 1. To look upon with desire to possess or to appropriate; to envy (one) the possession of; to begrudge; to covet; to give with reluctance; to desire to get back again; -- followed by the direct object only, or by both the direct and indirect objects.
Tis not in thee To grudge my pleasures, to cut off my train.
Shak.
I have often heard the Presbyterians say, they did not grudge us our employments.
Swift.
They have grudged us contribution.
Shak.
2. To hold or harbor with malicious disposition or purpose; to cherish enviously. [Obs.]
Perish they That grudge one thought against your majesty !
Shak.
Grudge (grj), v. i. 1. To be covetous or envious; to show discontent; to murmur; to complain; to repine; to be unwilling or reluctant.
Grudge not one against another.
James v. 9.
He eats his meat without grudging.
Shak.
2. To feel compunction or grief. [Obs.] Bp. Fisher.
Grudge, n. 1. Sullen malice or malevolence; cherished malice, enmity, or dislike; ill will; an old cause of hatred or quarrel.
Esau had conceived a mortal grudge and enmity against his brother Jacob.
South.
The feeling may not be envy; it may not be imbittered by a grudge.
I. Taylor.
2. Slight symptom of disease. [Obs.]
Our shaken monarchy, that now lies . . . struggling against the grudges of more dreaded calamities.
Milton.
Syn. -- Pique; aversion; dislike; ill will; hatred; spite. See Pique.
Grudge"ful (?), a. Full of grudge; envious. "Grudgeful discontent." Spenser.
Grud"geons (?), Gur"geons (&?;), n. pl. [Prob. from P. grugir to craunch; cf. D. gruizen to crush, grind, and E. grout.] Coarse meal. [Obs.]
Grudg"er (grj"r), n. One who grudges.
Grudg"ing*ly, adv. In a grudging manner.
Grudg"ing*ness, n. The state or quality of grudging, or of being full of grudge or unwillingness.
Gru"el (?), n. [OF. gruel, F. gruau; of German origin; cf. OHG. gruzzi groats, G. gr¸tze, As. grt. See Grout.] A light, liquid food, made by boiling meal of maize, oatmeal, or flour in water or milk; thin porridge.
Gru"el*ly, a. Like gruel; of the consistence of gruel.
Grue"some (?), a. Same as Grewsome. [Scot.]
Gruf (?), adv. [Cf. Grovel.] Forwards; with one's face to the ground. [Obs.]
They fellen gruf, and cryed piteously.
Chaucer.
Gruff (?), a. [Compar. Gruffer (&?;); superl. Gruffest.] [D. grof; akin to G. grob, OHG. gerob, grob, Dan. grov, Sw. grof, perh. akin to AS. rcÛfan to break, Z. reavc, rupture, g- standing for the AS. prefix ge- , Goth. ga-.] Of a rough or stern manner, voice, or countenance; sour; surly; severe; harsh. Addison.
Gruff, disagreeable, sarcastic remarks.
Thackeray.
-- Gruff"ly, adv. -- Gruff"ness, n.
Gru"gru palm" (?). (Bot.) A West Indian name for several kinds of palm. See Macaw tree, under Macaw. [Written also grigri palm.]
Gru"gru worm" (?). (Zoˆl.) The larva or grub of a large South American beetle (Calandra palmarum), which lives in the pith of palm trees and sugar cane. It is eaten by the natives, and esteemed a delicacy.
Grum (?), a. [Cf. Dan. grum furious, Sw. grym, AS. gram, and E. grim, and grumble. √35.] 1. Morose; severe of countenance; sour; surly; glum; grim. "Nick looked sour and grum." Arbuthnof.
2. Low; deep in the throat; guttural; rumbling; as, a grum voice.
Grum"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grunbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grumbling (?).] [Cf. LG. grummeln, grumen, D. grommelen, grommen, and F. grommeler, of German origin; cf. W. grwm, murmur, grumble, surly. √35. Cf. Grum, Grim.] 1. To murmur or mutter with discontent; to make ill-natured complaints in a low voice and a surly manner.
L'Avare, not using half his store, Still grumbles that he has no more.
Prior.
2. To growl; to snarl in deep tones; as, a lion grumbling over his prey.
3. To rumble; to make a low, harsh, and heavy sound; to mutter; as, the distant thunder grumbles.
Grum"ble, v. t. To express or utter with grumbling.
Grum"ble, n. 1. The noise of one that grumbles.
2. A grumbling, discontented disposition.
A bad case of grumble.
Mrs. H. H. Jackson.
Grum"bler (?), n. One who grumbles.
Grum"bling*ly, adv. In a grumbling manner.
Grume (grm), n. [OF. grume, cf. F. grumeau a little heap, clot of blood, dim. fr. L. grumus.] A thick, viscid fluid; a clot, as of blood. Quincy.
Grum"ly (?), adv. In a grum manner.
Gru*mose" (?), a. (Bot.) Clustered in grains at intervals; grumous.
Gru"mous (?), a. [Cf. F. grumeleux. See Grume.] 1. Resembling or containing grume; thick; concreted; clotted; as, grumous blood.
2. (Bot.) See Grumose.
Gru"mous*ness, n. The state of being grumous.
Grump"i*ly (?), adv. In a surly manner; sullenly. [Colloq.]
Grump"y (?), a. [Cf. Grumble, and Grum.] Surly; dissatisfied; grouty. [Collog.] Ferby.
Grun"del (?), n. [See Groundling.] (Zoˆl.) A groundling (fish). [Prov. Eng.]
Grundsel (?), n. Groundsel. [Obs.]
Grunt (grnt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Grunting.] [OE. grunten; akin to As. grunian, G. grunzen, Dan. grynte, Sw. grymta; all prob. of imitative; or perh. akin to E. groan.] To make a deep, short noise, as a hog; to utter a short groan or a deep guttural sound.
Who would fardels bear, To grunt and sweat under a weary life.
Shak.
Grunting ox (Zoˆl.), the yak.
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Grunt (grnt), n. 1. A deep, guttural sound, as of a hog.
2. (Zoˆl.) Any one of several species of American food fishes, of the genus HÊmulon, allied to the snappers, as, the black grunt (A. Plumieri), and the redmouth grunt (H. aurolineatus), of the Southern United States; -- also applied to allied species of the genera Pomadasys, Orthopristis, and Pristopoma. Called also pigfish, squirrel fish, and grunter; -- so called from the noise it makes when taken.
Grunt"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, grunts; specifically, a hog. "Bristled grunters." Tennyson.
2. (Zoˆl.) One of several American marine fishes. See Sea robin, and Grunt, n., 2.
3. (Brass Founding) A hook used in lifting a crucible.
Grunt"ing*ly, adv. In a grunting manner.
Grun"tle (?), v. i. [Freq. of grunt.] To grunt; to grunt repeatedly. [Obs.]
Grunt"ling (?), n. A young hog.
Grutch (?), v. See Grudge. [Obs.] Hudibras.
||Gru"yËre` cheese" (&?;). A kind of cheese made at GruyËre, ||Switzerland. It is a firm cheese containing numerous cells, and is ||known in the United States as Schweitzerk‰se.
Gry (?), n. [Gr &?; syllable, bit.] 1. A measure equal to one tenth of a line. [Obs.] Locke.
2. Anything very small, or of little value. [R.]
Gryde (?), v. i. To gride. See Gride. Spenser.
Gryf"on (?), n. [Obs.] See Griffin. Spenser.
||Gryl"lus (?), n. [L., locust.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of insects including ||the common crickets.
Grype (?), v. t. To gripe. [Obs.] See Gripe. Spenser.
Grype, n. [Gr. gry`f, grypo`s, griffin. See Griffin.] (Zoˆl.) A vulture; the griffin. [Written also gripe.] [Obs.]
||Gry*phÊ"a (?), n. [NL., fr. I gryphus, or qryps, gen. gryphis, a ||griffin.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of cretaceous fossil shells allied to the ||oyster.
Gryph"ite (?), n. [Cf. F. gryphite.] (Paleon.) A shell of the genus Gryphea.
Gryph"on (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The griffin vulture.
||Grys"bok (?) n. [D. grijs gray + bok buck.] (Zoˆl.) A small South ||African antelope (Neotragus melanotis). It is speckled with gray and ||chestnut, above; the under parts are reddish fawn.
||Gua*cha"ro (?), n. [Cf. Sp. gu·charo sickly, dropsical, guacharaca a ||sort of bird.] (Zoˆl.) A nocturnal bird of South America and Trinidad ||(Steatornis Caripensis, or S. steatornis); -- called also oilbird.
It resembles the goatsuckers and nighthawks, but feeds on fruits, and nests in caverns. A pure oil, used in place of butter, is extracted from the young by the natives.
Gua"cho (?), n.; pl. Guachos (&?;) [Spanish American.] 1. One of the mixed-blood (Spanish-Indian) inhabitants of the pampas of South America; a mestizo.
2. An Indian who serves as a messenger.
Gua"co (?), n. [Sp.] (Bot.) (a) A plant (Aristolochia anguicida) of Carthagena, used as an antidote to serpent bites. Lindley. (b) The Mikania Guaco, of Brazil, used for the same purpose.
Gua"iac (?), a. [See Guaiacum.] Pertaining to, or resembling, guaiacum. -- n. Guaiacum.
Gua"ia*cum (?), n. [NL., fr. Sp. guayaco, from native name in Hayti.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of small, crooked trees, growing in tropical America.
2. The heart wood or the resin of the Guaiacum officinale or lignum-vitÊ, a large tree of the West Indies and Central America. It is much used in medicine. [Written also guaiac.]
Guan (gw‰n), n. ((Zoˆl.) Any one of many species of large gallinaceous birds of Central and South America, belonging to Penelope, Pipile, Ortalis, and allied genera. Several of the species are often domesticated.
Gua"na (gw‰"n), n. (Zoˆl.) See Iguana.
Gua*na"co (gw*n‰"k), n.; pl. Guanacos (- kz). [Sp. guanaco, Peruv. huanacu. Cf. Huanaco.] (Zoˆl.) A South American mammal (Auchenia huanaco), allied to the llama, but of larger size and more graceful form, inhabiting the southern Andes and Patagonia. It is supposed by some to be the llama in a wild state. [Written also huanaco.]
Gua"ni*dine (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A strongly alkaline base, CN3H5, formed by the oxidation of guanin, and also obtained combined with methyl in the decomposition of creatin. Boiled with dilute sulphuric acid, it yields urea and ammonia.
Gua*nif"er*ous (?), a. [Guano + -ferous.] Yielding guano. Ure.
Gua"nin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A crystalline substance (C5H5N5O) contained in guano. It is also a constituent of the liver, pancreas, and other glands in mammals.
Gua"no (?), n.; pl. Guanos (#). [Sp. guano, fr. Peruv. huanu dung.] A substance found in great abundance on some coasts or islands frequented by sea fowls, and composed chiefly of their excrement. It is rich in phosphates and ammonia, and is used as a powerful fertilizer.
||Gua"ra (?), n. [Braz. guar·.] (Zoˆl.) (a) The scarlet ibis. See Ibis. ||(b) A large-maned wild dog of South America (Canis jubatus) - - named ||from its cry.
||Gua"ra*na` (?), n. [Pg.] (Med.) A preparation from the seeds of ||Paullinia sorbilis, a woody climber of Brazil, used in making an ||astringent drink, and also in the cure of headache.
Gua"ra*nine` (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid extracted from guarana. Same as Caffeine.
Guar`an*tee" (?), n.; pl. Guarantees (#). [For guaranty, prob. influenced by words like assignee, lessee, etc. See Guaranty, and cf. Warrantee.] 1. In law and common usage: A promise to answer for the payment of some debt, or the performance of some duty, in case of the failure of another person, who is, in the first instance, liable to such payment or performance; an engagement which secures or insures another against a contingency; a warranty; a security. Same as Guaranty.
His interest seemed to be a guarantee for his zeal.
Macaulay.
2. One who binds himself to see an undertaking of another performed; a guarantor. South.
Guarantor is the correct form in this sense.
3. (Law) The person to whom a guaranty is made; -- the correlative of guarantor.
Syn. -- Guarantee, Warranty. A guarantee is an engagement that a certain act will be done or not done in future. A warranty is an engagement as to the qualities or title of a thing at the time of the engagement.
Guar"an*tee`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. guaranteed (?); p, pr. & vb. n. Guaranteeing.] [From Guarantee, n.] In law and common usage: to undertake or engage for the payment of (a debt) or the performance of (a duty) by another person; to undertake to secure (a possession, right, claim, etc.) to another against a specified contingency, or at all events; to give a guarantee concerning; to engage, assure, or secure as a thing that may be depended on; to warrant; as, to guarantee the execution of a treaty.
The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a republican form of government.
Constitution of the U. S.
Guar"an*tor` (?), n. [See Guaranty, and cf. Warrantor.] (Law) (a) One who makes or gives a guaranty; a warrantor; a surety. (b) One who engages to secure another in any right or possession.
Guar"an*ty (?), n.; pl. Guaranies (#). [OF. guarantie, garantie, F. garantie, OF. guarantir, garantir, to warrant, to guaranty, E. garantir, fr. OF. guarant, garant, a warranter, F. garant; of German origin, and from the same word as warranty. See Warrant, and cf. Warranty, Guarantee.] In law and common usage: An undertaking to answer for the payment of some debt, or the performance of some contract or duty, of another, in case of the failure of such other to pay or perform; a guarantee; a warranty; a security.
Guar"an*ty, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guarantied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Guarantying.] [From Guaranty, n.] In law and common usage: To undertake or engage that another person shall perform (what he has stipulated); to undertake to be answerable for (the debt or default of another); to engage to answer for the performance of (some promise or duty by another) in case of a failure by the latter to perform; to undertake to secure (something) to another, as in the case of a contingency. See Guarantee, v. t.
Guaranty agrees in form with warranty. Both guaranty and guarantee are well authorized by legal writers in the United States. The prevailing spelling, at least for the verb, is guarantee.
Guard (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guarded; p. pr. &, vb. n. Gurding.] [OF. guarder, garder, warder, F. garder, fr. OHG. wart&?;n to be on the watch, await, G. marten. See Ward, v. & n., and cf. Guard, n.] 1. To protect from danger; to secure against surprise, attack, or injury; to keep in safety; to defend; to shelter; to shield from surprise or attack; to protect by attendance; to accompany for protection; to care for.
For Heaven still guards the right.
Shak.
2. To keep watch over, in order to prevent escape or restrain from acts of violence, or the like.
3. To protect the edge of, esp. with an ornamental border; hence, to face or ornament with lists, laces, etc.
The body of your discourse it sometime guarded with fragments, and the guards are but slightly basted on neither.
Shak.
4. To fasten by binding; to gird. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
Syn. -- To defend, protect, shield; keep; watch.
Guard (g‰rd), v. i. To watch by way of caution or defense; to be caution; to be in a state or position of defense or safety; as, careful persons guard against mistakes.
Guard, n. [OF. guarde, F. garde; of German origin; cf. OHG. wart, marto, one who watches, mata a watching, Goth. wardja watchman. See Guard, v. t.]
1. One who, or that which, guards from injury, danger, exposure, or attack; defense; protection.
His greatness was no guard to bar heaven's shaft.
Shak.
2. A man, or body of men, stationed to protect or control a person or position; a watch; a sentinel.
The guard which kept the door of the king's house.
Kings xiv. 27.
3. One who has charge of a mail coach or a railway train; a conductor. [Eng.]
4. Any fixture or attachment designed to protect or secure against injury, soiling, or defacement, theft or loss; as: (a) That part of a sword hilt which protects the hand. (b) Ornamental lace or hem protecting the edge of a garment. (c) A chain or cord for fastening a watch to one's person or dress. (d) A fence or rail to prevent falling from the deck of a vessel. (e) An extension of the deck of a vessel beyond the hull; esp., in side-wheel steam vessels, the framework of strong timbers, which curves out on each side beyond the paddle wheel, and protects it and the shaft against collision. (f) A plate of metal, beneath the stock, or the lock frame, of a gun or pistol, having a loop, called a bow, to protect the trigger. (g) (Bookbinding) An interleaved strip at the back, as in a scrap book, to guard against its breaking when filled.
5. A posture of defense in fencing, and in bayonet and saber exercise.
6. An expression or admission intended to secure against objections or censure.
They have expressed themselves with as few guards and restrictions as I.
Atterbury.
7. Watch; heed; care; attention; as, to keep guard.
8. (Zoˆl.) The fibrous sheath which covers the phragmacone of the Belemnites.
Guard is often used adjectively or in combination; as, guard boat or guardboat; guardroom or guard room; guard duty.
Advanced guard, Coast guard, etc. See under Advanced, Coast, etc. -- Grand guard (Mil.), one of the posts of the second line belonging to a system of advance posts of an army. Mahan. -- Guard boat. (a) A boat appointed to row the rounds among ships of war in a harbor, to see that their officers keep a good lookout. (b) A boat used by harbor authorities to enforce the observance of quarantine regulations. -- Guard cells (Bot.), the bordering cells of stomates; they are crescent-shaped and contain chlorophyll. -- Guard chamber, a guardroom. -- Guard detail (Mil.), men from a company regiment etc., detailed for guard duty. - - Guard duty (Mil.), the duty of watching patrolling, etc., performed by a sentinel or sentinels. -- Guard lock (Engin.), a tide lock at the mouth of a dock or basin. -- Guard of honor (Mil.), a guard appointed to receive or to accompany eminent persons. -- Guard rail (Railroads), a rail placed on the inside of a main rail, on bridges, at switches, etc., as a safeguard against derailment. -- Guard ship, a war vessel appointed to superintend the marine affairs in a harbor, and also, in the English service, to receive seamen till they can be distributed among their respective ships. -- Life guard (Mil.), a body of select troops attending the person of a prince or high officer. -- Off one's guard, in a careless state; inattentive; unsuspicious of danger. -- On guard, serving in the capacity of a guard; doing duty as a guard or sentinel; watching. -- On one's guard, in a watchful state; alert; vigilant. -- To mount guard (Mil.), to go on duty as a guard or sentinel. -- To run the guard, to pass the watch or sentinel without leave.
Syn. -- Defense; shield; protection; safeguard; convoy; escort; care; attention; watch; heed.
Guard"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. gardable. See Guard, v. t.] Capable of being guarded or protected.
Guard"age (?), n. [Cf. OF. wardage. See Guard, v. t.] Wardship [Obs.] Shak.
Guard"ant (?), a. [OF. guardant, p. pr. of guard&?;. See Guard, v. t.] 1. Acting as guardian. [Obs.] Shak.
2. (Her.) Same as Gardant.
Guard"ant, n. A guardian. [Obs.] Shak.
Guard"ed, a. Cautious; wary; circumspect; as, he was guarded in his expressions; framed or uttered with caution; as, his expressions were guarded. -- Guard"edly, adv. -- Guard"ed*ness, n.
Guard"en*age (?), n. Guardianship. [Obs. & R.] " His tuition and guardenage." Holland.
Guard"er (?), n. One who guards.
Guard"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The garfish.
Guard"ful (?), a. Cautious; wary; watchful. [Obs. or Poetic.] -- Guard"ful*ly, adv.
Guard"house` (?), n. (Mil.) A building which is occupied by the guard, and in which soldiers are confined for misconduct; hence, a lock-up.
Guard"i*an (?), n. [OF. guardain, gardien, F. gardien, LL. guardianus. See Guard, v. t., and cf. Wasden.] 1. One who guards, preserves, or secures; one to whom any person or thing is committed for protection, security, or preservation from injury; a warden.
2. (Law) One who has, or is entitled to, the custody of the person or property of an infant, a minor without living parents, or a person incapable of managing his own affairs.
Of the several species of guardians, the first are guardians by nature. -- viz., the father and (in some cases) the mother of the child.
Blackstone.
Guardian ad litem (&?;) (Law), a guardian appointed by a court of justice to conduct a particular suit. -- Guardians of the poor, the members of a board appointed or elected to care for the relief of the poor within a township, or district.
<! p. 656 !>
Guard"i*an (?), a. Performing, or appropriate to, the office of a protector; as, a guardian care.
Feast of Guardian Angels (R. C. Ch.) a church festival instituted by Pope Paul V., and celebrated on October 2d. -- Guardian angel. (a) The particular spiritual being believed in some branches of the Christian church to have guardianship and protection of each human being from birth. (b) Hence, a protector or defender in general. O. W. Holmes. -- Guardian spirit, in the belief of many pagan nations, a spirit, often of a deceased relative or friend, that presides over the interests of a household, a city, or a region.
Guard"i*an*age (?), n. Guardianship. [Obs.]
Guard"i*ance (?), n. Guardianship. [Obs.]
Guard"i*an*ess (?), n. A female guardian.
I have placed a trusty, watchful guardianess.
Beau. & Fl.
Guard"i*an*less, a. Without a guardian. Marston.
Guard"i*an*ship, n. The office, duty, or care, of a guardian; protection; care; watch.
Guard"less (?), a. Without a guard or defense; unguarded. Chapman.
Guard"room` (?), n. (Mil.) The room occupied by the guard during its term of duty; also, a room where prisoners are confined.
Guards (g‰rdz), n. pl. A body of picked troops; as, "The Household Guards."
Guard"ship, n. Care; protection. [Obs.] Swift.
Guards"man (?), n.; pl. Guardsmen (&?;). 1. One who guards; a guard.
2. A member, either officer or private, of any military body called Guards.
Guar"ish (?), v. t. [OF. guarir, garir, F. guÈrir.] To heal. [Obs.] Spenser.
Gua`te*ma"la grass" (?). (Bot.) See Teosinte.
Gua"va (?), n. [Sp. guayaba the guava fruit, guayabo the guava tree; prob. fr. the native West Indian name.] A tropical tree, or its fruit, of the genus Psidium. Two varieties are well known, the P. pyriferum, or white guava, and P. pomiferum, or red guava. The fruit or berry is shaped like a pomegranate, but is much smaller. It is somewhat astringent, but makes a delicious jelly.
Gu"ber*nance (?), n. Government. [Obs.]
Gu"ber*nate (?), v. t. [L. gubernatus, p. p. of gubernare. See Govern.] To govern. [Obs.] Cockeram.
Gu"ber*na`tion (?), n. [L. gubernatio.] The act of governing; government [Obs.] I. Watts.
Gu"ber*na*tive (?), a. Governing. [Obs.]
Gu"ber*na*to`ri*al (?), a. [L. gubernator governor. See Gabernate.] Pertaining to a governor, or to government.
Gud"geon (gj"n), n. [OE. gojon, F. goujon, from L. gobio, or gobius, Gr. kwbio`s Cf. 1st Goby. ] 1. (Zoˆl.) A small European freshwater fish (Gobio fluviatilis), allied to the carp. It is easily caught and often used for food and for bait. In America the killifishes or minnows are often called gudgeons.
2. What may be got without skill or merit.
Fish not, with this melancholy bait, For this fool gudgeon, this opinion.
Shak.
3. A person easily duped or cheated. Swift.
4. (Mach.) The pin of iron fastened in the end of a wooden shaft or axle, on which it turns; formerly, any journal, or pivot, or bearing, as the pintle and eye of a hinge, but esp. the end journal of a horizontal.
6. (Naut.) A metal eye or socket attached to the sternpost to receive the pintle of the rudder.
Ball gudgeon. See under Ball.
Gud"geon, v. t. To deprive fraudulently; to cheat; to dupe; to impose upon. [R.]
To be gudgeoned of the opportunities which had been given you.
Sir IV. Scott.
Gue (?), n. A sharper; a rogue. [Obs.] J. Webstar.
Gue"ber Gue"bre (?), n. Same as Gheber.
Guel"der*rose' (?), n. [Supposed to be brought from Guelderland; hence, D. Geldersche roos, G. Gelderische rose, F. rose de Gueldre, It. rose di Gueldra, Sp. rosa de Gueldres.] (Bot.) A cultivated variety of a species of Viburnum (V. Opulus), bearing large bunches of white flowers; -- called also snowball tree.
{ Guelph, Guelf } (gwlf), n. [It. Guelfo, from Welf, the name of a German family.] (Hist.) One of a faction in Germany and Italy, in the 12th and 13th centuries, which supported the House of Guelph and the pope, and opposed the Ghibellines, or faction of the German emperors.
{ Guelph"ic, Guelf"ic } (?), a. Of or pertaining to the family or the faction of the Guelphs.
||Guenon" (?), n. [F.] (Zoˆl.) One of several long-tailed Oriental ||monkeys, of the genus Cercocebus, as the green monkey and grivet.
||Gue`parde" (?), n. [Cf. F. guÈpard.] (Zoˆl.) The cheetah.
Guer"don (?), n. [OF. guerdon, guerredon, LL. widerdonum (influenced by L. donum gift, cf. Donation ), fr. OHG. widarln; widar again, against (G. wider wieder) + ln reward, G. lohn, akin to AS. le·n Goth. laun. See Withers.] A reward; requital; recompense; -- used in both a good and a bad sense. Macaulay.
So young as to regard men's frown or smile As loss or guerdon of a glorious lot.
Byron.
He shall, by thy revenging hand, at once receive the just guerdon of all his former villainies.
Knolles.
Guer"don (?), v. t. [OF. guerdonner, guerredonner. See Guerdon, n.] To give guerdon to; to reward; to be a recompense for. [R.]
Him we gave a costly bribe To guerdon silence.
Tennyson.
Guer"don*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. guerredonable.] Worthy of reward. Sir G. Buck.
Guer"don*less, a. Without reward or guerdon.
Gue*re"za (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A beautiful Abyssinian monkey (Colobus guereza), having the body black, with a fringe of long, silky, white hair along the sides, and a tuft of the same at the end of the tail. The frontal band, cheeks, and chin are white.
Gue*ril"la (?), a. See Guerrilla.
Guer"ite (?), n. [F. guÈrite.] (Fort.) A projecting turret for a sentry, as at the salient angles of works, or the acute angles of bastions.
Guern"sey lil"y (?). (Bot.) A South African plant (Nerine Sarniensis) with handsome lilylike flowers, naturalized on the island of Guernsey.
Guer*ril"la (?), n. [Sp., lit., a little war, skirmish, dim. of guerra war, fr. OHG. werra discord, strife. See War.] 1. An irregular mode of carrying on war, by the constant attacks of independent bands, adopted in the north of Spain during the Peninsular war.
2. One who carries on, or assists in carrying on, irregular warfare; especially, a member of an independent band engaged in predatory excursions in war time.
The term guerrilla is the diminutive of the Spanish word guerra, war, and means petty war, that is, war carried on by detached parties; generally in the mountains. . . . A guerrilla party means, an irregular band of armed men, carrying on an irregular war, not being able, according to their character as a guerrilla party, to carry on what the law terms a regular war. F. Lieder.
Guer*ril"la, a. Pertaining to, or engaged in, warfare carried on irregularly and by independent bands; as, a guerrilla party; guerrilla warfare.
Guess (gs), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guessed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Guessing.] [OE. gessen; akin to Dan. gisse, Sw. gissa, Icel. gizha, D. gissen: cf. Dan. giette to guess, Icel. geta to get, to guess. Probably originally, to try to get, and akin to E. get. See Get.] 1. To form an opinion concerning, without knowledge or means of knowledge; to judge of at random; to conjecture.
First, if thou canst, the harder reason guess.
Pope.
2. To judge or form an opinion of, from reasons that seem preponderating, but are not decisive.
We may then guess how far it was from his design.
Milton.
Of ambushed men, whom, by their arms and dress, To be Taxallan enemies I guess.
Dryden.
3. To solve by a correct conjecture; to conjecture rightly; as, he who guesses the riddle shall have the ring; he has guessed my designs.
4. To hit upon or reproduce by memory. [Obs.]
Tell me their words, as near as thou canst guess them.
Shak.
5. To think; to suppose; to believe; to imagine; -- followed by an objective clause.
Not all together; better far, I guess, That we do make our entrance several ways.
Shak.
But in known images of life I guess The labor greater.
Pope.
Syn. -- To conjecture; suppose; surmise; suspect; divine; think; imagine; fancy. -- To Guess, Think, Reckon. Guess denotes, to attempt to hit upon at random; as, to guess at a thing when blindfolded; to conjecture or form an opinion on hidden or very slight grounds: as, to guess a riddle; to guess out the meaning of an obscure passage. The use of the word guess for think or believe, although abundantly sanctioned by good English authors, is now regarded as antiquated and objectionable by discriminating writers. It may properly be branded as a colloguialism and vulgarism when used respecting a purpose or a thing about which there is no uncertainty; as, I guess I 'll go to bed.
Guess, v. i. To make a guess or random judgment; to conjecture; -- with at, about, etc.
This is the place, as well as I may guess.
Milton.
Guess, n. An opinion as to anything, formed without sufficient or decisive evidence or grounds; an attempt to hit upon the truth by a random judgment; a conjecture; a surmise.
A poet must confess His art 's like physic -- but a happy guess.
Dryden.
Guess"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being guessed.
Guess"er (?), n. One who guesses; one who forms or gives an opinion without means of knowing.
Guess"ing*ly, adv. By way of conjecture. Shak.
Guess"ive (?), a. Conjectural. [Obs.] Feltham.
Guess" rope" (?). (Naut.) A guess warp.
Guess" warp" (?). (Naut.) A rope or hawser by which a vessel is towed or warped along; -- so called because it is necessary to guess at the length to be carried in the boat making the attachment to a distant object.
Guess"work` (?), n. Work performed, or results obtained, by guess; conjecture.
Guest (gst), n. [OE. gest, AS. gÊst, gest; akin to OS., D., & G. gast, Icel. gestr, Sw. g‰st, Dan. Gj‰st, Goth. gasts, Russ. goste, and to L. hostis enemy, stranger; the meaning stranger is the older one, but the root is unknown. Cf. Host an army, Hostile.] 1. A visitor; a person received and entertained in one's house or at one's table; a visitor entertained without pay.
To cheer his guests, whom he had stayed that night.
Spenser.
True friendship's laws are by this rule exprest. Welcome the coming, speed the parting guest.
Pope.
Guest (?), v. t. To receive or entertain hospitably. [Obs.] Sylvester.
Guest, v. i. To be, or act the part of, a guest. [Obs.]
And tell me, best of princes, who he was That guested here so late.
Chapman.
Guest" rope" (?). (Naut.) The line by which a boat makes fast to the swinging boom. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Guest"wise" (?), adv. In the manner of a guest.
Gue"vi (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of several very small species and varieties of African antelopes, of the genus Cephalophus, as the Cape guevi or kleeneboc (Cephalophus pygmÊa); -- called also pygmy antelope. [1913 Webster]
Guf*faw" (&?;), n. A loud burst of laughter; a horse laugh. "A hearty low guffaw." Carlyle.
Guf"fer (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The eelpout; guffer eel.
Gug"gle (?), v. i. See Gurgle.
Guhr (?), n. [G.] A loose, earthy deposit from water, found in the cavities or clefts of rocks, mostly white, but sometimes red or yellow, from a mixture of clay or ocher. P. Cleaveland.
Gui"ac (?), n. Same as Guaiac.
Gui"a*col (?), n. [Guiac + - ol.] (Chem.) A colorless liquid, C6H4.OCH3.OH, resembling the phenols, found as a constituent of woodtar creosote, and produced by the dry distillation of guaiac resin.
Gui"a*cum (?), n. Same as Guaiacum.
Guib (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A West African antelope (Tragelaphus scriptus), curiously marked with white stripes and spots on a reddish fawn ground, and hence called harnessed antelope; -- called also guiba.
||Gui"co*war (?), n. [Mahratta gekwr, prop., a cowherd.] The title of ||the sovereign of Guzerat, in Western India; -- generally called the ||Guicowar of Baroda, which is the capital of the country.
Guid"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being guided; willing to be guided or counseled. Sprat.
Guid"age (?), n. [See Guide.] 1. The reward given to a guide for services. [R.] Ainsworth.
2. Guidance; lead; direction. [R.] Southey.
Guid"ance (?), n. [See Guide.] The act or result of guiding; the superintendence or assistance of a guide; direction; government; a leading.
His studies were without guidance and without plan.
Macaulay.
Guide (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guided; p. pr. & vb. n. Guiding.] [OE. guiden, gyden, F. guiaer, It. guidare; prob. of Teutonic origin; cf. Goth. ritan to watch over, give heed to, Icel. viti signal, AS. witan to know. The word prob. meant, to indicate, point to, and hence, to show the way. Cf. Wit, Guy a rope, Gye.]
1. To lead or direct in a way; to conduct in a course or path; to pilot; as, to guide a traveler.
I wish . . . you 'ld guide me to your sovereign's court.
Shak.
2. To regulate and manage; to direct; to order; to superintend the training or education of; to instruct and influence intellectually or morally; to train.
He will guide his affairs with discretion.
Ps. cxii. 5.
The meek will he guide in judgment.
Ps. xxv. 9.
Guide, n. [OE. giae, F. guide, It. guida. See Guide, v. t.] 1. A person who leads or directs another in his way or course, as in a strange land; one who exhibits points of interest to strangers; a conductor; also, that which guides; a guidebook.
2. One who, or that which, directs another in his conduct or course of life; a director; a regulator.
He will be our guide, even unto death.
Ps. xlviii. 14.
3. Any contrivance, especially one having a directing edge, surface, or channel, for giving direction to the motion of anything, as water, an instrument, or part of a machine, or for directing the hand or eye, as of an operator; as: (a) (Water Wheels) A blade or channel for directing the flow of water to the wheel buckets. (b) (Surgery) A grooved director for a probe or knife. (c) (Printing) A strip or device to direct the compositor's eye to the line of copy he is setting.
4. (Mil.) A noncommissioned officer or soldier placed on the directing flank of each subdivision of a column of troops, or at the end of a line, to mark the pivots, formations, marches, and alignments in tactics. Farrow.