The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary: Section F, G and H (part 5 of 7)

The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary: Section F, G and H (part 5 of 7)

Guide bar (Mach.), the part of a steam engine on which the crosshead slides, and by which the motion of the piston rod is kept parallel to the cylinder, being a substitute for the parallel motion; -- called also guide, and slide bar. -- Guide block (Steam Engine), a block attached in to the crosshead to work in contact with the guide bar. -- Guide meridian. (Surveying) See under Meridian. -- Guide pile (Engin.), a pile driven to mark a place, as a point to work to. -- Guide pulley (Mach.), a pulley for directing or changing the line of motion of belt; an idler. Knight. -- Guide rail (Railroads), an additional rail, between the others, gripped by horizontal driving wheels on the locomotive, as a means of propulsion on steep gradients.

Guide"board` (?), n. A board, as upon a guidepost having upon it directions or information as to the road. Lowell.

Guide"book` (?), n. A book of directions and information for travelers, tourists, etc.

Guide"less, a. Without a guide. Dryden.

Guide"post` (?), n. A post at the fork of a road, with a guideboard on it, to direct travelers.

Guid"er (?), n. A guide; a director. Shak.

Guid"er*ess (?), n. A female guide. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Guid"guid` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A South American ant bird of the genus Hylactes; -- called also barking bird.

Gui"don (?), n. [F. guidon, It. guidone. See Guide, v. t.] 1. A small flag or streamer, as that carried by cavalry, which is broad at one end and nearly pointed at the other, or that used to direct the movements of a body of infantry, or to make signals at sea; also, the flag of a guild or fraternity. In the United States service, each company of cavalry has a guidon.

The pendants and guidons were carried by the officer of the army.

Evelyn.

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2. One who carries a flag. Johnson.

3. One of a community established at Rome, by Charlemagne, to guide pilgrims to the Holy Land.

Guige (gj or gj), n. [Obs.] See Gige.

Guild (?), n. [OE. gilds, AS. gild, gield, geld, tribute, a society or company where payment was made for its charge and support, fr. AS. gildan, gieldan, to pay. See Yield, v. t.] 1. An association of men belonging to the same class, or engaged in kindred pursuits, formed for mutual aid and protection; a business fraternity or corporation; as, the Stationers' Guild; the Ironmongers' Guild. They were originally licensed by the government, and endowed with special privileges and authority.

2. A guildhall. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. A religious association or society, organized for charitable purposes or for assistance in parish work.

Guild"a*ble (?), a. Liable to a tax. [Obs.]

Guil"der (?), n. [D. gulden, orig., golden. Cf. Golden.] A Dutch silver coin worth about forty cents; -- called also florin and gulden.

Guild"hall` (?), n. The hall where a guild or corporation usually assembles; a townhall.

Guile (?), n. [OE. guile, gile, OF. guile; of German origin, and the same word as E. wile. See Wile.] Craft; deceitful cunning; artifice; duplicity; wile; deceit; treachery.

Behold an Israelite indeed, in whom is no guile.

John i. 47.

To wage by force or guile eternal war.

Milton.

Guile, v. t. [OF. guiler. See Guile, n.] To disguise or conceal; to deceive or delude. [Obs.] Spenser.

Guile"ful (?), a. Full of guile; characterized by cunning, deceit, or treachery; guilty. -- Guile"ful*ly, adv. -- Guile"ful*ness, n.

Guile"less, a. Free from guile; artless. -- Guile"less*ly, adv. Guile"less*ness, n.

Guil"er (gl"r), n. [Cf. OF. guileor.] A deceiver; one who deludes, or uses guile. [Obs.] Spenser.

||Guil"le*met` (?), n. [F.] A quotation mark. [R.]

Guil"le*mot` (?), n. [F.] (Zoˆl.) One of several northern sea birds, allied to the auks. They have short legs, placed far back, and are expert divers and swimmers.

The common guillemots, or murres, belong to the genus Uria (as U. troile); the black or foolish guillemot (Cepphus grylle, formerly Uria grylle), is called also sea pigeon and eligny. See Murre.

Guil`le*vat" (-vt"), n. [F. guilloire (fr. guiller to work, ferment) + E. vat.] A vat for fermenting liquors.

||Guil"loche` (?), n. [F. guillochis; -- said to be fr. Guillot, the ||inventor of a machine for carving it.] (Arch.) An ornament in the ||form of two or more bands or strings twisted over each other in a ||continued series, leaving circular openings which are filled with ||round ornaments.

Guil*loched" (?), a. Waved or engine-turned. Mollett.

Guil"lo*tine` (gl"l*tn`), n. [F., from Guillotin, a French physician, who proposed, in the Constituent Assembly of 1789, to abolish decapitation with the ax or sword. The instrument was invented by Dr. Antoine Louis, and was called at first Louison or Louisette. Similar machines, however, were known earlier.] 1. A machine for beheading a person by one stroke of a heavy ax or blade, which slides in vertical guides, is raised by a cord, and let fall upon the neck of the victim.

2. Any machine or instrument for cutting or shearing, resembling in its action a guillotine.

Guil"lo*tine` (gl`l*tn"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guillotined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Guillotining.] [Cf. F. guillotiner.] To behead with the guillotine.

Guilt (glt), n. [OE. gilt, gult, AS. gylt, crime; probably originally signifying, the fine or mulct paid for an offence, and afterward the offense itself, and akin to AS. gieldan to pay, E. yield. See Yield, v. t.] 1. The criminality and consequent exposure to punishment resulting from willful disobedience of law, or from morally wrong action; the state of one who has broken a moral or political law; crime; criminality; offense against right.

Satan had not answer, but stood struck With guilt of his own sin.

Milton.

2. Exposure to any legal penalty or forfeiture.

A ship incurs guilt by the violation of a blockade.

Kent.

Guilt"i*ly (glt"*l), adv. In a guilty manner.

Guilt"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being guilty.

Guilt"less, a. 1. Free from guilt; innocent.

The Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.

Ex. xx. 7.

2. Without experience or trial; unacquainted (with).

Such gardening tools, as art, yet rude, Guiltless of fire, had formed.

Milton.

-- Guilt"less*ly, adv. -- Guilt"less*ness, n.

Guilt"-sick` (?), a. Made sick by consciousness of guilt. "A guilt-sick conscience." Beau. & Fl.

Guilt"y (?), a. [Compar. Gultier (?); superl. Guiltiest.] [AS. gyltig liable. See Guilt.] 1. Having incurred guilt; criminal; morally delinquent; wicked; chargeable with, or responsible for, something censurable; justly exposed to penalty; -- used with of, and usually followed by the crime, sometimes by the punishment.

They answered and said, He is guilty of death.

Matt. xxvi. 66.

Nor he, nor you, were guilty of the strife.

Dryden.

2. Evincing or indicating guilt; involving guilt; as, a guilty look; a guilty act; a guilty feeling.

3. Conscious; cognizant. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

4. Condemned to payment. [Obs. & R.] Dryden.

Guilt"y*like` (-lk`), adv. Guiltily. [Obs.] Shak.

Guin"ea (gn"), n. 1. A district on the west coast of Africa (formerly noted for its export of gold and slaves) after which the Guinea fowl, Guinea grass, Guinea peach, etc., are named.

2. A gold coin of England current for twenty- one shillings sterling, or about five dollars, but not coined since the issue of sovereigns in 1817.

The guinea, so called from the Guinea gold out of which it was first struck, was proclaimed in 1663, and to go for twenty shillings; but it never went for less than twenty-one shillings.

Pinkerton.

Guinea corn. (Bot.) See Durra. -- Guinea Current (Geog.), a current in the Atlantic Ocean setting southwardly into the Bay of Benin on the coast of Guinea. -- Guinea dropper one who cheats by dropping counterfeit guineas. [Obs.] Gay. -- Guinea fowl, Guinea hen (Zoˆl.), an African gallinaceous bird, of the genus Numida, allied to the pheasants. The common domesticated species (N. meleagris), has a colored fleshy horn on each aide of the head, and is of a dark gray color, variegated with small white spots. The crested Guinea fowl (N. cristata) is a finer species. -- Guinea grains (Bot.), grains of Paradise, or amomum. See Amomum. -- Guinea grass (Bot.), a tall strong forage grass (Panicum jumentorum) introduced. from Africa into the West Indies and Southern United States. -- Guinea-hen flower (Bot.), a liliaceous flower (Fritillaria Meleagris) with petals spotted like the feathers of the Guinea hen. -- Guinea peach. See under Peach. -- Guinea pepper (Bot.), the pods of the Xylopia aromatica, a tree of the order AnonaceÊ, found in tropical West Africa. They are also sold under the name of Piper ∆thiopicum. --Guinea pig. [Prob. a mistake for Guiana pig.] (a) (Zoˆl.) A small Brazilian rodent (Cavia cobaya), about seven inches in length and usually of a white color, with spots of orange and black. (b) A contemptuous sobriquet. Smollett -- Guinea plum (Bot.), the fruit of Parinarium excelsum, a large West African tree of the order ChrysobalaneÊ, having a scarcely edible fruit somewhat resembling a plum, which is also called gray plum and rough-skin plum. -- Guinea worm (Zoˆl.), a long and slender African nematoid worm (Filaria Medinensis) of a white color. It lives in the cellular tissue of man, beneath the skin, and produces painful sores.

Gui*pure" (?), n. [F.] A term used for lace of different kinds; most properly for a lace of large pattern and heavy material which has no ground or mesh, but has the pattern held together by connecting threads called bars or brides.

Guir"land (?), n. [Obs.] See Garland.

Guise (?), n. [OE. guise, gise, way, manner, F. guise, fr. OHG. wsa, G. weise. See Wise, n.] 1. Customary way of speaking or acting; custom; fashion; manner; behavior; mien; mode; practice; -- often used formerly in such phrases as: at his own guise; that is, in his own fashion, to suit himself. Chaucer.

The swain replied, "It never was our guise To slight the poor, or aught humane despise."

Pope.

2. External appearance in manner or dress; appropriate indication or expression; garb; shape.

As then the guise was for each gentle swain.

Spenser.

A . . . specter, in a far more terrific guise than any which ever yet have overpowered the imagination.

Burke.

3. Cover; cloak; as, under the guise of patriotism.

Guis"er (?), n. [From Guise.] A person in disguise; a masker; a mummer. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Gui*tar" (?), n. [F. guitare; cf. Pr., Sp., & Pg. guitarra, It. chitarra; all fr. Gr. &?;; cf. L. cithara. Cf. Cittern, Gittern.] A stringed instrument of music resembling the lute or the violin, but larger, and having six strings, three of silk covered with silver wire, and three of catgut, -- played upon with the fingers.

Guit"guit` (?), n. [So called from its note.] (Zoˆl.) One of several species of small tropical American birds of the family CúrebidÊ, allied to the creepers; -- called also quit. See Quit.

||Gu"la (?), n.; pl. L. Gul∆ (#), E. Gulas (#). [L., the throat, ||gullet.] 1. (Zoˆl.) (a) The upper front of the neck, next to the ||chin; the upper throat. (b) A plate which in most insects supports ||the submentum.

2. (Arch.) A capping molding. Same as Cymatium.

Gu"lar (?), a. [Cf. F. gulaire.] (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the gula or throat; as, gular plates. See Illust. of Bird, and Bowfin.

Gu"laund (?), n. [Icel. gul- ˆnd.] An arctic sea bird.

Gulch (?), n. 1. Act of gulching or gulping. [Obs.]

2. A glutton. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

3. A ravine, or part of the deep bed of a torrent when dry; a gully.

Gulch, v. t. [OE. gulchen; cf. dial. Sw. gˆlka to gulch, D. gulzig greedy, or E. gulp.] To swallow greedily; to gulp down. [Obs.]

Guld (gld), n. A flower. See Gold. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gul"den (?), n. See Guilder.

Gule (?), v. t. To give the color of gules to.

Gule (?), n. The throat; the gullet. [Obs.]

Throats so wide and gules so gluttonous.

Gauden.

Gules (glz), n. [OE. goules, F. gueules, the same word as gueule throat, OF. gole, goule, L. gula. So named from the red color of the throat. See Gullet, and cf. Gula.] (Her.) The tincture red, indicated in seals and engraved figures of escutcheons by parallel vertical lines. Hence, used poetically for a red color or that which is red.

His sev'n-fold targe a field of gules did stain In which two swords he bore; his word, "Divide and reign."

P. Fletcher.

Follow thy drum; With man's blood paint the ground; gules, gules.

Shak.

Let's march to rest and set in gules, like suns.

Beau. & Fl.

Gulf (?), n. [F. golfe, It. golfo, fr. Gr. &?; bosom, bay, gulf, LGr. &?;.] 1. A hollow place in the earth; an abyss; a deep chasm or basin,

He then surveyed Hell and the gulf between.

Milton.

Between us and you there is a great gulf fixed.

Luke xvi. 26.

2. That which swallows; the gullet. [Obs.] Shak.

3. That which swallows irretrievably; a whirlpool; a sucking eddy. Shak.

A gulf of ruin, swallowing gold.

Tennyson.

4. (Geog.) A portion of an ocean or sea extending into the land; a partially land-locked sea; as, the Gulf of Mexico.

5. (Mining) A large deposit of ore in a lode.

Gulf Stream (Geog.), the warm ocean current of the North Atlantic. It originates in the westward equatorial current, due to the trade winds, is deflected northward by Cape St. Roque through the Gulf of Mexico, and flows parallel to the coast of North America, turning eastward off the island of Nantucket. Its average rate of flow is said to be about two miles an hour. The similar Japan current, or Kuro-Siwo, is sometimes called the Gulf Stream of the Pacific. -- Gulf weed (Bot.), a branching seaweed (Sargassum bacciferum, or sea grape), having numerous berrylike air vessels, -- found in the Gulf Stream, in the Sargasso Sea, and elsewhere.

Gulf"y (?), a. Full of whirlpools or gulfs. Chapman.

Gul"gul (?), n. [Hind. galgal.] A cement made in India from sea shells, pulverized and mixed with oil, and spread over a ship's bottom, to prevent the boring of worms.

Gu"list (?), n. [L. gulo.] A glutton. [Obs.]

Gull (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gulled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gulling.] [Prob. fr. gull the bird; but cf. OSw. gylla to deceive, D. kullen, and E. cullibility.] To deceive; to cheat; to mislead; to trick; to defraud.

The rulgar, gulled into rebellion, armed.

Dryden.

I'm not gulling him for the emperor's service.

Coleridge.

Gull, n. 1. A cheating or cheat; trick; fraud. Shak.

2. One easily cheated; a dupe. Shak.

Gull, n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. Corn. gullan, W. gwylan.] (Zoˆl.) One of many species of long-winged sea birds of the genus Larus and allied genera.

Among the best known American species are the herring gull (Larus argentatus), the great black-backed gull (L. murinus) the laughing gull (L. atricilla), and Bonaparte's gull (L. Philadelphia). The common European gull is Larus canus.

Gull teaser (Zoˆl.), the jager; -- also applied to certain species of terns.

Gull"age (?), n. Act of being gulled. [Obs.]

Had you no quirk. To avoid gullage, sir, by such a creature?

B. Jonson

Gull"er (?), n. One who gulls; a deceiver.

Gull"er*y (?), n. An act, or the practice, of gulling; trickery; fraud. [R.] "A mere gullery." Selden.

Gul"let (?), n. [OE. golet, OF. Goulet, dim. of gole, goule, throat, F. gueule, L. gula; perh. akin to Skr. gula, G. kenle; cf. F. goulet the neck of a bottle, goulotte channel gutter. Cf. Gules, Gully.] 1. (Anat.) The tube by which food and drink are carried from the pharynx to the stomach; the esophagus.

2. Something shaped like the food passage, or performing similar functions; as: (a) A channel for water. (b) (Engin.) A preparatory cut or channel in excavations, of sufficient width for the passage of earth wagons. (c) A concave cut made in the teeth of some saw blades.

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Gul"let*ing (?), n. (Engin.) A system of excavating by means of gullets or channels.

Gul"li*ble (?), a. Easily gulled; that may be duped. -- Gul"li*bii`i*ty (#), n. Burke.

Gull"ish (?), a. Foolish; stupid. [Obs.]

Gull"ish*ness, n. [Obs.]

Gul"ly (?), n.; pl. Gulles (#). [Etymol. uncertain] A large knife. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Gul"ly, n.; pl. Gullies (#). [Formerly gullet.] 1. A channel or hollow worn in the earth by a current of water; a short deep portion of a torrent's bed when dry.

2. A grooved iron rail or tram plate. [Eng.]

Gully gut, a glutton. [Obs.] Chapman. -- Gully hole, the opening through which gutters discharge surface water.

Gul"ly, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gullied (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Gullying.] To wear into a gully or into gullies.

Gul"ly, v. i. To flow noisily. [Obs.] Johnson.

Gu*los"i*ty (?), n. [L. gulositas, fr. gulosus gluttonous. See Gullet.] Excessive appetite; greediness; voracity. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Gulp (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gulped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gulping.] [D. gulpen, cf. OD. golpe gulf.] To swallow eagerly, or in large draughts; to swallow up; to take down at one swallow.

He does not swallow, but he gulps it down.

Cowper.

The old man . . . glibly gulped down the whole narrative.

Fielding.

To gulp up, to throw up from the stomach; to disgorge.

Gulp, n. 1. The act of taking a large mouthful; a swallow, or as much as is awallowed at once.

2. A disgorging. [Colloq.]

Gulph (?), n. [Obs.] See Gulf.

Gult (?), n. Guilt. See Guilt. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gult"y (?), a. Guilty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gul"y (?), a. Of or pertaining to gules; red. "Those fatal guly dragons." Milton.

Gum (?), n. [OE. gome, AS. gama palate; akin Co G. gaumen, OHG. goumo, guomo, Icel. g&?;mr, Sw. gom; cf. Gr. &?; to gape.] The dense tissues which invest the teeth, and cover the adjacent parts of the jaws.

Gum rash (Med.), strophulus in a teething child; red gum. -- Gum stick, a smooth hard substance for children to bite upon while teething.

Gum, v. t. To deepen and enlarge the spaces between the teeth of (a worn saw). See Gummer.

Gum, n. [OE. gomme, gumme, F. gomme, L. gummi and commis, fr. Gr. &?;, prob. from an Egyptian form kam&?;; cf. It. gomma.] 1. A vegetable secretion of many trees or plants that hardens when it exudes, but is soluble in water; as, gum arabic; gum tragacanth; the gum of the cherry tree. Also, with less propriety, exudations that are not soluble in water; as, gum copal and gum sandarac, which are really resins.

2. (Bot.) See Gum tree, below.

3. A hive made of a section of a hollow gum tree; hence, any roughly made hive; also, a vessel or bin made of a hollow log. [Southern U. S.]

4. A rubber overshoe. [Local, U. S.]

Black gum, Blue gum, British gum, etc. See under Black, Blue, etc. -- Gum Acaroidea, the resinous gum of the Australian grass tree (Xanlhorrhúa). -- Gum animal (Zoˆl.), the galago of West Africa; -- so called because it feeds on gums. See Galago. -- Gum animi or animÈ. See AnimÈ. - - Gum arabic, a gum yielded mostly by several species of Acacia (chiefly A. vera and A. Arabica) growing in Africa and Southern Asia; -- called also gum acacia. East Indian gum arabic comes from a tree of the Orange family which bears the elephant apple. -- Gum butea, a gum yielded by the Indian plants Butea frondosa and B. superba, and used locally in tanning and in precipitating indigo. -- Gum cistus, a plant of the genus Cistus (Cistus ladaniferus), a species of rock rose. -- Gum dragon. See Tragacanth. -- Gum elastic, Elastic gum. See Caoutchouc. -- Gum elemi. See Elemi. -- Gum juniper. See Sandarac. -- Gum kino. See under Kino. -- Gum lac. See Lac. -- Gum Ladanum, a fragrant gum yielded by several Oriental species of Cistus or rock rose. -- Gum passages, sap receptacles extending through the parenchyma of certain plants (AmygdalaceÊ, CactaceÊ, etc.), and affording passage for gum. -- Gum pot, a varnish maker's utensil for melting gum and mixing other ingredients. -- Gum resin, the milky juice of a plant solidified by exposure to air; one of certain inspissated saps, mixtures of, or having properties of, gum and resin; a resin containing more or less mucilaginous and gummy matter. -- Gum sandarac. See Sandarac. -- Gum Senegal, a gum similar to gum arabic, yielded by trees (Acacia Verek and A. Adansoni‰) growing in the Senegal country, West Africa. -- Gum tragacanth. See Tragacanth. -- Gum tree, the name given to several trees in America and Australia: (a) The black gum (Nyssa multiflora), one of the largest trees of the Southern States, bearing a small blue fruit, the favorite food of the opossum. Most of the large trees become hollow. (b) A tree of the genus Eucalyptus. See Eucalpytus. (c) The sweet gum tree of the United States (Liquidambar styraciflua), a large and beautiful tree with pointedly lobed leaves and woody burlike fruit. It exudes an aromatic terebinthine juice. -- Gum water, a solution of gum, esp. of gum arabic, in water. -- Gum wood, the wood of any gum tree, esp. the wood of the Eucalyptus piperita, of New South Wales.

Gum, v. t. [imp. &. p. Gummed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gumming.] To smear with gum; to close with gum; to unite or stiffen by gum or a gumlike substance; to make sticky with a gumlike substance.

He frets like a gummed velvet.

Shak.

Gum, v. i. To exude or from gum; to become gummy.

Gum"bo (?), n. [Written also gombo.] 1. A soup thickened with the mucilaginous pods of the okra; okra soup.

2. The okra plant or its pods.

Gum"boil (?), n. (Med.) A small suppurating inflamed spot on the gum.

||Gum"ma (?), n.; pl. Gummata (#). [NL. So called from its gummy ||contents See Gum.] (Med.) A kind of soft tumor, usually of syphilitic ||origin.

Gum*ma"tous (?), a. (Med.) Belonging to, or resembling, gumma.

Gum"mer (?), n. [From 2d Gum.] A punch-cutting tool, or machine for deepening and enlarging the spaces between the teeth of a worn saw.

Gum*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L. gummi gum + -ferous.] Producing gum; gum- bearing.

Gum"mi*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being gummy; viscousness.

Gum"mite (?), n. [So called because it occurs in rounded or flattened pieces which look like gum.] (Min.) A yellow amorphous mineral, essentially a hydrated oxide of uranium derived from the alteration of uraninite.

Gum*mos"i*ty (?), n. Gumminess; a viscous or adhesive quality or nature. [R.] Floyer.

Gum"mous (?), a. [L. gummosus; cf. F. gommeux.] 1. Gumlike, or composed of gum; gummy.

2. (Med.) Of or pertaining to a gumma.

Gum"my (?), a. [Compar. Gummer (&?;); superl. Gummirst.] Consisting of gum; viscous; adhesive; producing or containing gum; covered with gum or a substance resembling gum.

Kindles the gummy bark of fir or pine.

Milton.

Then rubs his gummy eyes.

Dryden.

Gummy tumor (Med.), a gumma.

Gump (gmp), n. [Cf. Sw. & Dan. gump buttocks, rump, Icel. gumpr.] A dolt; a dunce. [Low.] Holloway.

Gump"tion (?), n. [OE. gom, gome, attention; akin to AS. geÛmian, gyman, to regard, observe, gyme care, OS. gomean to heed, Goth. gaumjan to see, notice.]

1. Capacity; shrewdness; common sense. [Colloq.]

One does not have gumption till one has been properly cheated.

Lord Lytton.

2. (Paint.) (a) The art of preparing colors. Sir W. Scott.

(b) Megilp. Fairholt.

Gun (gn), n. [OE. gonne, gunne; of uncertain origin; cf. Ir., Gael., & LL. gunna, W. gum; possibly (like cannon) fr. L. canna reed, tube; or abbreviated fr. OF. mangonnel, E. mangonel, a machine for hurling stones.] 1. A weapon which throws or propels a missile to a distance; any firearm or instrument for throwing projectiles by the explosion of gunpowder, consisting of a tube or barrel closed at one end, in which the projectile is placed, with an explosive charge behind, which is ignited by various means. Muskets, rifles, carbines, and fowling pieces are smaller guns, for hand use, and are called small arms. Larger guns are called cannon, ordnance, fieldpieces, carronades, howitzers, etc. See these terms in the Vocabulary.

As swift as a pellet out of a gunne When fire is in the powder runne.

Chaucer.

The word gun was in use in England for an engine to cast a thing from a man long before there was any gunpowder found out.

Selden.

2. (Mil.) A piece of heavy ordnance; in a restricted sense, a cannon.

3. pl. (Naut.) Violent blasts of wind.

Guns are classified, according to their construction or manner of loading as rifled or smoothbore, breech- loading or muzzle-loading, cast or built-up guns; or according to their use, as field, mountain, prairie, seacoast, and siege guns.

Armstrong gun, a wrought iron breech-loading cannon named after its English inventor, Sir William Armstrong. -- Great gun, a piece of heavy ordnance; hence (Fig.), a person superior in any way. -- Gun barrel, the barrel or tube of a gun. -- Gun carriage, the carriage on which a gun is mounted or moved. -- Gun cotton (Chem.), a general name for a series of explosive nitric ethers of cellulose, obtained by steeping cotton in nitric and sulphuric acids. Although there are formed substances containing nitric acid radicals, yet the results exactly resemble ordinary cotton in appearance. It burns without ash, with explosion if confined, but quietly and harmlessly if free and open, and in small quantity. Specifically, the lower nitrates of cellulose which are insoluble in ether and alcohol in distinction from the highest (pyroxylin) which is soluble. See Pyroxylin, and cf. Xyloidin. The gun cottons are used for blasting and somewhat in gunnery: for making celluloid when compounded with camphor; and the soluble variety (pyroxylin) for making collodion. See Celluloid, and Collodion. Gun cotton is frequenty but improperly called nitrocellulose. It is not a nitro compound, but an ethereal salt of nitric acid. -- Gun deck. See under Deck. -- Gun fire, the time at which the morning or the evening gun is fired. -- Gun metal, a bronze, ordinarily composed of nine parts of copper and one of tin, used for cannon, etc. The name is also given to certain strong mixtures of cast iron. -- Gun port (Naut.), an opening in a ship through which a cannon's muzzle is run out for firing. -- Gun tackle (Naut.), the blocks and pulleys affixed to the side of a ship, by which a gun carriage is run to and from the gun port. - - Gun tackle purchase (Naut.), a tackle composed of two single blocks and a fall. Totten. -- Krupp gun, a wrought steel breech-loading cannon, named after its German inventor, Herr Krupp. -- Machine gun, a breech-loading gun or a group of such guns, mounted on a carriage or other holder, and having a reservoir containing cartridges which are loaded into the gun or guns and fired in rapid succession, sometimes in volleys, by machinery operated by turning a crank. Several hundred shots can be fired in a minute with accurate aim. The Gatling gun, Gardner gun, Hotchkiss gun, and Nordenfelt gun, named for their inventors, and the French mitrailleuse, are machine guns. -- To blow great guns (Naut.), to blow a gale. See Gun, n., 3.

Gun (?), v. i. To practice fowling or hunting small game; -- chiefly in participial form; as, to go gunning.

||Gu"na (g"n), n. [Skr. guna quality.] In Sanskrit grammar, a ||lengthening of the simple vowels a, i, e, by prefixing an a element. ||The term is sometimes used to denote the same vowel change in other ||languages.

Gu"nar*chy (?), n. See Gynarchy.

Gun"boat` (?), n. (Nav.) A vessel of light draught, carrying one or more guns.

Gun"cot`ton (?). See under Gun.

Gun"de*let (?), n. [Obs.] See Gondola. Marston.

Gun"flint` (?), n. A sharpened flint for the lock of a gun, to ignite the charge. It was in common use before the introduction of percussion caps.

||Gun"jah (?), n. (Bot.) See Ganja.

Gun"lock` (?), n. The lock of a gun, for producing the discharge. See Lock.

Gun"nage (?), n. The number of guns carried by a ship of war.

Gun"nel (?), n. [See Gunwale.] 1. A gunwale.

2. (Zoˆl.) A small, eel-shaped, marine fish of the genus MurÊnoides; esp., M. gunnellus of Europe and America; -- called also gunnel fish, butterfish, rock eel.

Gun"ner (?), n. 1. One who works a gun, whether on land or sea; a cannoneer.

2. A warrant officer in the navy having charge of the ordnance on a vessel.

3. (Zoˆl.) (a) The great northern diver or loon. See Loon. (b) The sea bream. [Prov. Eng. or Irish]

Gunner's daughter, the gun to which men or boys were lashed for punishment. [Sailor's slang] W. C. Russell.

Gun"ner*y (?), n. That branch of military science which comprehends the theory of projectiles, and the manner of constructing and using ordnance.

Gun"nie (?), n. (Mining.) Space left by the removal of ore.

Gun"ning (?), n. The act or practice of hunting or shooting game with a gun.

The art of gunning was but little practiced.

Goldsmith.

Gun"ny (?), n., Gun"ny cloth` (&?;). [Hind. gon, gon&?;,, a sack, sacking.] A strong, coarse kind of sacking, made from the fibers (called jute) of two plants of the genus Corchorus (C. olitorius and C. capsularis), of India. The fiber is also used in the manufacture of cordage.

Gunny bag, a sack made of gunny, used for coarse commodities.

Gu*noc"ra*cy (?), n. See Gyneocracy.

Gun"pow`der (?), n. (Chem.) A black, granular, explosive substance, consisting of an intimate mechanical mixture of niter, charcoal, and sulphur. It is used in gunnery and blasting.

Gunpowder consists of from 70 to 80 per cent of niter, with 10 to 15 per cent of each of the other ingredients. Its explosive energy is due to the fact that it contains the necessary amount of oxygen for its own combustion, and liberates gases (chiefly nitrogen and carbon dioxide), which occupy a thousand or fifteen hundred times more space than the powder which generated them.

Gunpowder pile driver, a pile driver, the hammer of which is thrown up by the explosion of gunpowder. -- Gunpowder plot (Eng. Hist.), a plot to destroy the King, Lords, and Commons, in revenge for the penal laws against Catholics. As Guy Fawkes, the agent of the conspirators, was about to fire the mine, which was placed under the House of Lords, he was seized, Nov. 5, 1605. Hence, Nov. 5 is known in England as Guy Fawkes Day. -- Gunpowder tea, a species of fine green tea, each leaf of which is rolled into a small ball or pellet.

Gun"reach` (?), n. The reach or distance to which a gun will shoot; gunshot.

Gun"room` (&?;), n. (Naut.) An apartment on the after end of the lower gun deck of a ship of war, usually occupied as a messroom by the commissioned officers, except the captain; -- called wardroom in the United States navy.

Gun"shot` (?), n. 1. Act of firing a gun; a shot.

2. The distance to which shot can be thrown from a gun, so as to be effective; the reach or range of a gun.

Those who are come over to the royal party are supposed to be out of gunshot.

Dryden.

Gun"shot`, a. Made by the shot of a gun: as. a gunshot wound.

Gun"smith (?), n. One whose occupation is to make or repair small firearms; an armorer.

{ Gunsmith`er*y (?), Gun"smith` ing, } n. The art or business of a gunsmith.

Gun"stick (?), n. A stick to ram down the charge of a musket, etc.; a rammer or ramrod. [R.]

Gun"stock` (?), n. The stock or wood to which the barrel of a hand gun is fastened.

Gun"stome` (?), n. A cannon ball; -- so called because originally made of stone. [Obs.] Shak.

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Gun"ter rig` (?). (Naut.) A topmast arranged with metal bands so that it will readily slide up and down the lower mast.

Gun"ter's chain` (?). (Surveying) The chain ordinarily used in measuring land. See Chain, n., 4, and Gunter's scale.

Gun"ter's line` (?). A logarithmic line on Gunter's scale, used for performing the multiplication and division of numbers mechanically by the dividers; -- called also line of lines, and line of numbers.

Gun"ter's quad`rant (?). A thin quadrant, made of brass, wood, etc., showing a stereographic projection on the plane of the equator. By it are found the hour of the day, the sun's azimuth, the altitude of objects in degrees, etc. See Gunter's scale.

Gun"ter's scale` (?). A scale invented by the Rev. Edmund Gunter (1581-1626), a professor of astronomy at Gresham College, London, who invented also Gunter's chain, and Gunter's quadrant.

Gunter's scale is a wooden rule, two feet long, on one side of which are marked scales of equal parts, of chords, sines, tangents, rhombs, etc., and on the other side scales of logarithms of these various parts, by means of which many problems in surveying and navigation may be solved, mechanically, by the aid of dividers alone.

Gun"wale (?), n. [Gun + wale. So named because the upper guns were pointed from it.] (Naut.) The upper edge of a vessel's or boat's side; the uppermost wale of a ship (not including the bulwarks); or that piece of timber which reaches on either side from the quarter-deck to the forecastle, being the uppermost bend, which finishes the upper works of the hull. [Written also gunnel.]

Gurge (g˚rj), n. [L. gurges.] A whirlpool. [Obs.]

The plain, wherein a black bituminous gurge Boils out from under ground.

Milton.

Gurge, v. t. [See Gorge.] To swallow up. [Obs.]

Gur"geons (?), n. pl. [Obs.] See Grudgeons.

Gur"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gurgled (?);p. pr. & vb. n. Gurgling (?).] [Cf. It. gorgogliare to gargle, bubble up, fr. L. gurgulio gullet. Cf. Gargle, Gorge.] To run or flow in a broken, irregular, noisy current, as water from a bottle, or a small stream among pebbles or stones.

Pure gurgling rills the lonely desert trace, And waste their music on the savage race.

Young.

Gur"gle, n. The act of gurgling; a broken, bubbling noise. "Tinkling gurgles." W. Thompson.

Gur"glet (?), n. [See Goglet.] A porous earthen jar for cooling water by evaporation.

Gur"gling*ly` (?), adv. In a gurgling manner.

Gur"goyle (?), n. See Gargoyle.

Gur"jun (?), n. A thin balsam or wood oil derived from the Diptcrocarpus lÊvis, an East Indian tree. It is used in medicine, and as a substitute for linseed oil in the coarser kinds of paint.

Gurl (?), n. A young person of either sex. [Obs.] See Girl. Chaucer.

Gur"let (?), n. (Masonry) A pickax with one sharp point and one cutting edge. Knight.

Gur"my (?), n. (Mining) A level; a working.

{ Gur"nard (?), Gur"net (?) } n. [OF. gornal, gournal, gornart, perh. akin to F. grogner to grunt; cf. Ir. guirnead gurnard.] (Zoˆl.) One ofseveral European marine fishes, of the genus Trigla and allied genera, having a large and spiny head, with mailed cheeks. Some of the species are highly esteemed for food. The name is sometimes applied to the American sea robins. [Written also gournet.]

Plyling gurnard. See under Flying.

Gur"ni*ad (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Gwiniad.

Gur"ry (?), n. An alvine evacuation; also, refuse matter. [Obs. or Local] Holland.

Gur"ry`, n. [Hind. garh.] A small fort. [India]

Gurt (g˚rt), n. (Mining) A gutter or channel for water, hewn out of the bottom of a working drift. Page.

Gurts (g˚rts), n. pl. [Cf. Grout.] Groats. [Obs.]

Gush (gsh), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gushed (gsht); p. pr. & vb. n. Gushing.] [OE. guschen, cf. Icel. gusa and gjsa, also D. gucsen; perh. akin to AS. geÛtan to pour, G. giessen, Goth. giutan, E. gut. Cf. Found to cast.]

1. To issue with violence and rapidity, as a fluid; to rush forth as a fluid from confinement; to flow copiously.

He smote the rock that the waters gushed out.

Ps ixxviii 20.

A sea of blood gushed from the gaping wound.

Spenser.

2. To make a sentimental or untimely exhibition of affection; to display enthusiasm in a silly, demonstrative manner. [Colloq.]

Gush, v. t. 1. A sudden and violent issue of a fluid from an inclosed plase; an emission of a liquid in a large quantity, and with force; the fluid thus emitted; a rapid outpouring of anything; as, a gush of song from a bird.

The gush of springs, An fall of lofty foundains.

Byron.

2. A sentimental exhibition of affection or enthusiasm, etc.; effusive display of sentiment. [Collog.]

Gush"er (?), n. One who gushes. [Colloq.]

Gush"ing, a. 1. Rushing forth with violence, as a fluid; flowing copiously; as, gushing waters. "Gushing blood." Milton.

2. Emitting copiously, as tears or words; weakly and unreservedly demonstrative in matters of affection; sentimental. [Colloq.]

Gush"ing*ly (?), adv. 1. In a gushing manner; copiously. Byron.

2. Weakly; sentimentally; effusively. [Colloq.]

Gus"set (?), n. [F. gousset armpit, fob, gusset, dim. of gousse pod, husk; cf. It. guscio shell, or W. cwysed gore, gusset.] 1. A small piece of cloth inserted in a garment, for the purpose of strengthening some part or giving it a tapering enlargement.

Seam and gusset and band.

Hood.

2. Anything resembling a gusset in a garment; as: (a) (Armor) A small piece of chain mail at the openings of the joints beneath the arms. (b) (Mach.) A kind of bracket, or angular piece of iron, fastened in the angles of a structure to give strength or stiffness; esp., the part joining the barrel and the fire box of a locomotive boiler.

3. (Her.) An abatement or mark of dishonor in a coat of arms, resembling a gusset.

Gust (gst), n. [Icel. gustr a cool breeze. Cf. Gush.] 1. A sudden squall; a violent blast of wind; a sudden and brief rushing or driving of the wind.

Snow, and hail, stormy gust and flaw.

Milton.

2. A sudden violent burst of passion. Bacon.

Gust, n. [L. gustus; cf. It. & Sp. gusto. &radic;46.]

1. The sense or pleasure of tasting; relish; gusto.

An ox will relish the tender flesh of kids with as much gust and appetite.

Jer. Taylor.

2. Gratification of any kind, particularly that which is exquisitely relished; enjoyment.

Destroy all creatures for thy sport or gust.

Pope.

3. Intellectual taste; fancy.

A choice of it may be made according to the gust and manner of the ancients.

Dryden.

Gust, v. t. [Cf. L. gustare, It. gustare, Sp. gustar. See GUST a relish.] To taste; to have a relish for. [Obs.]

Gust"a*ble (?), a. [See Gust, v.] [Obs.] 1. Capable of being tasted; tastable.

This position informs us of a vulgar error, terming the gall bitter; whereas there is nothing gustable sweeter.

Harvey.

2. Pleasant to the taste; toothsome; savory.

A gustable thing, seen or smelt, excites the appetite, and affects the glands and parts of the mouth.

Derham.

Gust"a*ble, n. Anything that can be tasted. [Obs.]

Gus"tard (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The great bustard.

Gus*ta"tion (?), n. [L. gustatio: cf. F. gustation.] The act of tasting. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Gust"a*to*ry (?), a. Pertaining to, or subservient to, the sense of taste; as, the gustatory nerve which supplies the front of the tongue.

Gust"ful (?), a. Tasteful; well- tasted. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby. -- Gust"ful*ness, n. [Obs.] Barrow.

Gust"ful, a. Gusty. [R.]

A gustful April morn.

Tennyson.

Gust"less, a. Tasteless; insipid. [R.]

Gus"to (?), n. [It. or Sp., fr. L. gustus; akin to E. choose. Cf. 2d GUST, GOUR.] Nice or keen appreciation or enjoyment; relish; taste; fancy. Dryden.

||Gus*to"so (?), a. & adv. [It.] (Mus.) Tasteful; in a tasteful, ||agreeable manner.

Gust"y (?), a. Subject to, or characterized by, gusts or squalls; windy; stormy; tempestuous.

Upon a raw and gusty day.

Shak.

Gut (?), n. [OE. gut, got, AS. gut, prob. orig., a channel, and akin to geÛtan to pour. See FOUND to cast.]

1. A narrow passage of water; as, the Gut of Canso.

2. An intenstine; a bowel; the whole alimentary canal; the enteron; (pl.) bowels; entrails.

3. One of the prepared entrails of an animal, esp. of a sheep, used for various purposes. See Catgut.

4. The sac of silk taken from a silkworm (when ready to spin its cocoon), for the purpose of drawing it out into a thread. This, when dry, is exceedingly strong, and is used as the snood of a fish line.

Blind gut. See C∆cum, n. (b).

Gut, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gutted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gutting.] 1. To take out the bowels from; to eviscerate.

2. To plunder of contents; to destroy or remove the interior or contents of; as, a mob gutted the house.

Tom Brown, of facetious memory, having gutted a proper name of its vowels, used it as freely as he pleased.

Addison.

||Gut"ta (?), n.; pl. Gutt∆ (#). [L.] 1. A drop.

2. (Arch.) One of a series of ornaments, in the form of a frustum of a cone, attached to the lower part of the triglyphs, and also to the lower faces of the mutules, in the Doric order; -- called also campana, and drop.

Gutta serena [L., lit. serene or clear drop] (Med.), amaurosis. -- GuttÊ band> (Arch.), the listel or band from which the guttÊ hang.

Gut"ta-per`cha (?), n. [Malay gutah gum + pertja the tree from which is it procured.] A concrete juice produced by various trees found in the Malayan archipelago, especially by the Isonandra, or Dichopsis, Gutta. It becomes soft, and unpressible at the tamperature of boiling water, and, on cooling, retains its new shape. It dissolves in oils and ethers, but not in water. In many of its properties it resembles caoutchouc, and it is extensively used for many economical purposes. The Mimusops globosa of Guiana also yields this material.

Gut"tate (?), a. [L. guttatus. Cf. Gutty.] Spotted, as if discolored by drops.

Gut"ta*ted (?), a. [See Guttate.] Besprinkled with drops, or droplike spots. Bailey.

Gut"ta*trap (?), n. The inspissated juice of a tree of the genus Artocarpus (A. incisa, or breadfruit tree), sometimes used in making birdlime, on account of its glutinous quality.

Gut"ter (?), n. [OE. gotere, OF. goutiere, F. gouttiËre, fr. OF. gote, goute, drop, F. goutte, fr. L. gutta.]

1. A channel at the eaves of a roof for conveying away the rain; an eaves channel; an eaves trough.

2. A small channel at the roadside or elsewhere, to lead off surface water.

Gutters running with ale.

Macaulay.

3. Any narrow channel or groove; as, a gutter formed by erosion in the vent of a gun from repeated firing.

Gutter member (Arch.), an architectural member made by treating the outside face of the gutter in a decorative fashion, or by crowning it with ornaments, regularly spaced, like a diminutive battlement. -- Gutter plane, a carpenter's plane with a rounded bottom for planing out gutters. -- Gutter snipe, a neglected boy running at large; a street Arab. [Slang] -- Gutter stick (Printing), one of the pieces of furniture which separate pages in a form.

Gut*ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guttered (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Guttering.] 1. To cut or form into small longitudinal hollows; to channel. Shak.

2. To supply with a gutter or gutters. [R.] Dryden.

Gut"ter, v. i. To become channeled, as a candle when the flame flares in the wind.

||Gut"ti*fer` (?), n. [NL., fr. L. gutta drop+ ferre to bear.] (Bot.) A ||plant that exudes gum or resin.

Gut*tif"er*ous (?), a. (Bot.) (a) Yielding gum or resinous substances. (b) Pertaining to a natural order of trees and shrubs (GuttiferÊ) noted for their abounding in a resinous sap.

Gut"ti*form (?), a. [L. gutta a drop + -form.] Drop-shaped, as a spot of color.

Gut"tle (?), v. t. & i. [From GUT, n.] To put into the gut; to swallow greedily; to gorge; to gormandize. [Obs.] L'Estrange. Dryden.

Gut"tler (?), n. A greedy eater; a glutton. [Obs.]

Gut"tu*lous (?), a. [L. guttula a little drop, dim. of gutta drop.] In droplike form. [Obs.]

In its [hail's] guttulous descent from the air.

Sir T. Browne.

Gut"tur*al (?), a. [L. guttur throat: cf. F. gutural.] Of or pertaining to the throat; formed in the throat; relating to, or characteristic of, a sound formed in the throat.

Children are occasionally born with guttural swellings.

W. Guthrie.

In such a sweet, guttural accent.

Landor.

Gut"tur*al, n. A sound formed in the throat; esp., a sound formed by the aid of the back of the tongue, much retracted, and the soft palate; also, a letter representing such a sound.

Gut"tur*al*ism (?), n. The quality of being guttural; as, the gutturalism of A [in the 16th cent.] Earle.

Gut"tur*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being guttural. [R.] "The old gutturality of k." Earle.

Gut"tur*al*ize (?), v. t. To speak gutturally; to give a guttural sound to.

Gut"tur*al*ly, adv. In a guttural manner.

Gut"tur*al*ness, n. The quality of being guttural.

Gut"tur*ine (?), a. [L. guttur throat.] Pertaining to the throat. [Obs.] "Gutturine tumor." Ray.

Gut"tur*ize (?), v. t. [L. guttur throat.] To make in the throat; to gutturalize. [R.]

For which the Germans gutturize a sound.

Coleridge.

Gut"tur*o- (?). A combining form denoting relation to the throat; as, gutturo-nasal, having both a guttural and a nasal character; gutturo-palatal.

Gut"ty (?), a. [L. gutta drop: cf. F. gouttÈ. Cf. Guttated.] (Her.) Charged or sprinkled with drops.

Gut"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant, Globularia Alypum, a violent purgative, found in Africa.

Guy (?), n. [Sp. guia guide, a guy or small rope used on board of ships to keep weighty things in their places; of Teutonic origin, and the same word as E. guide. See Guide, and cf. Gye.] A rope, chain, or rod attached to anything to steady it; as: a rope to steady or guide an object which is being hoisted or lowered; a rope which holds in place the end of a boom, spar, or yard in a ship; a chain or wire rope connecting a suspension bridge with the land on either side to prevent lateral swaying; a rod or rope attached to the top of a structure, as of a derrick, and extending obliquely to the ground, where it is fastened.

Guy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Guying.] To steady or guide with a guy.

Guy, n. 1. A grotesque effigy, like that of Guy Fawkes, dressed up in England on the fifth of November, the day of the Gunpowder Plot.

The lady . . . who dresses like a guy.

W. S. Gilbert.

2. A person of queer looks or dress. Dickens.

Guy, v. t. To fool; to baffle; to make (a person) an object of ridicule. [Local & Collog U.S.]

Guyle (?), v. t. To guile. [Obs.] Spenser.

<! p. 660 pr=JMD !>

Guze (gz), n. [Cf. Gules.] (Her.) A roundlet of tincture sanguine, which is blazoned without mention of the tincture.

Guz"zle (g"z'l), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Guzzled (-z'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Guzzling (-zlng).] [OP. gosillier, prob. orig., to pass through the throat; akin to F. gosier throat; cf. It. gozzo a bird's crop.] To swallow liquor greedily; to drink much or frequently.

Those that came to guzzle in his wine cellar.

Milton.

Well-seasoned bowls the gossip's spirits raise, Who, while she guzzles, chats the doctor's praise.

Roscommon.

To fat the guzzling hogs with floods of whey.

Gay.

Guz"zle, v. t. To swallow much or often; to swallow with immoderate gust; to drink greedily or continually; as, one who guzzles beer. Dryden.

Guz"zle, n. An insatiable thing or person.

That sink of filth, that guzzle most impure.

Marston.

Guz"zler (-zlr), n. An immoderate drinker.

Gwin"i*ad (gwn"*d), n. [W. gwyniad a whiting, the name of various fishes, fr. gwyn white.] (Zoˆl.) A fish (Coregonus ferus) of North Wales and Northern Europe, allied to the lake whitefish; -- called also powan, and schelly. [Written also gwyniad, guiniad, gurniad.]

Gy"all (g"l), n. (Zoˆl.) See Gayal.

Gyb (jb), Gybe (jb), n. (Naut.) See Jib. [Obs.]

Gybe (jb), n. & v. See Gibe.

Gybe, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Gybed (jbd); p. pr. & vb. n. Gybing.] [See Jibe.] (Naut.) To shift from one side of a vessel to the other; -- said of the boom of a fore-and-aft sail when the vessel is steered off the wind until the sail fills on the opposite side. [Also jibe.]

Gye (g or g), v. t. [OF. guier; of German origin. See Guide, and cf. Guy.] To guide; to govern. [Obs.]

Discreet enough his country for to gye.

Chaucer.

Gyle (gl), n. [F. guiller to ferment. Cf. Guillevat.] Fermented wort used for making vinegar.

Gyle tan (Brewing), a large vat in which wort ferments.

Gym"nal (gm"nal), a. & n. Same as Gimmal.

Gym*na"si*arch (jm*n"z*‰rk), n. [L. gymnasiarchus, Gr. gymnasi`archos; gymna`sion + 'a`rchein to govern: cf. F. gymnasiarque.] (Gr. Antiq.) An Athenian officer who superintended the gymnasia, and provided the oil and other necessaries at his own expense.

Gym*na"si*um (-z*m or - zh*m; 277) n.; pl. E. Gymnasiums (-mz), L. Gymnasia (-). [L., fr. Gr. gymna`sion, fr. gymna`zein to exercise (naked), fr. gymno`s naked.] 1. A place or building where athletic exercises are performed; a school for gymnastics.

2. A school for the higher branches of literature and science; a preparatory school for the university; -- used esp. of German schools of this kind.

More like ordinary schools of gymnasia than universities.

Hallam.

Gym"nast (jm"nst), n. [Gr. gymnasth`s a trainer of athletes: cf. F. gymnaste. See Gymnasium.] One who teaches or practices gymnastic exercises; the manager of a gymnasium; an athlete.

{ Gym*nas"tic (jm*ns"tk), Gym*nas"tic*al (-t*kal), } a. [L. gymnasticus, Gr. gymnastiko`s: cf. F. gymnastique. See Gymnasium.] Pertaining to athletic exercises intended for health, defense, or diversion; -- said of games or exercises, as running, leaping, wrestling, throwing the discus, the javelin, etc.; also, pertaining to disciplinary exercises for the intellect; athletic; as, gymnastic exercises, contests, etc.

Gym*nas"tic, n. A gymnast. [Obs.]

Gym*nas"tic*al*ly, adv. In a gymnastic manner.

Gym*nas"tics (-tks), n. Athletic or disciplinary exercises; the art of performing gymnastic exercises; also, disciplinary exercises for the intellect or character.

{ Gym"nic (jm"nk), Gym"nic*al (- n*kal), } a. [L. gymnicus, Gr. gymniko`s: cf. F. gymnique. See Gymmasium.] Athletic; gymnastic. [Obs.]

Have they not swordplayers, and every sort Of gymnic artists, wrestlers, riders, runners?

Milton.

Gym"nic, n. Athletic exercise. [Obs.] Burton.

Gym"nite (-nt), n. [Gr. gymno`s naked. So called as coming from the Bare Hills, Maryland.] (Min.) A hydrous silicate of magnesia.

||Gym`no*blas"te*a (jm`n*bls"t*), n. pl. [NL. fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + ||blasta`nein to sprout.] (Zoˆl.) The Athecata; -- so called because ||the medusoid buds are not inclosed in a capsule.

Gym`no*blas"tic (-tk), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Gymnoblastea.

Gym`no*car"pous (-k‰r"ps), a. [Gr. gymno`s naked + karpo`s fruit.] (Bot.) Naked-fruited, the fruit either smooth or not adherent to the perianth. Gray.

||Gym*noch"ro*a (jm*nk"r*), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + chro`a ||skin, body.] (Zoˆl.) A division of Hydroidea including the hydra. See ||Hydra.

||Gym*noc"la*dus (jm*n"l*ds), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + kla`dos ||a branch.] (Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants; the Kentucky coffee ||tree. The leaves are cathartic, and the seeds a substitute for ||coffee.

||Gym`no*co"pa (jm`n*k"p), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + kw`ph ||an oar.] (Zoˆl.) A group of transparent, free-swimming Annelida, ||having setÊ only in the cephalic appendages.

Gym"no*cyte (jm"n*st), n. [Gr. gymno`s naked + ky`tos a hollow vessel.] (Biol.) A cytode without a proper cell wall, but with a nucleus. Haeckel.

Gym`no*cy"tode (jm`n*s"td), n. [Gr. gymno`s naked + E. cytode.] (Biol.) A cytode without either a cell wall or a nucleus. Haeckel.

Gym"no*dont (jm"n*dnt), n. [Gr. gymno`s naked + 'odoy`s, 'odo`ntos, tooth.] (Zoˆl.) One of a group of plectognath fishes (Gymnodontes), having the teeth and jaws consolidated into one or two bony plates, on each jaw, as the diodonts and tetradonts. See Bur fish, Globefish, Diodon.

Gym"no*gen (-jn), n. [Gr. gymno`s naked + -gen.] (Bot.) One of a class of plants, so called by Lindley, because the ovules are fertilized by direct contact of the pollen. Same as Gymnosperm.

||Gym`no*glos"sa (-gls"s), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + glw^ssa ||tongue.] (Zoˆl.) A division of gastropods in which the odontophore is ||without teeth.

{ ||Gym`no*lÊ"ma (-l"m), ||Gym`no*lÊ"ma*ta (-m*t), } n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + laimo`s the throat.] (Zoˆl.) An order of Bryozoa, having no epistome.

||Gym`no*no"ti (-n"t), n. pl. [NL. fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + nw^tos the ||back.] (Zoˆl.) The order of fishes which includes the Gymnotus or ||electrical eel. The dorsal fin is wanting.

Gym`no*pÊd"ic (-pd"k or - p"dk), a. [Gr. gymno`s naked + pai^s, paido`s, a child.] (Zoˆl.) Having young that are naked when hatched; psilopÊdic; -- said of certain birds.

||Gym`no*phi"o*na (-f"*n), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + ||'ofio`neos serpentlike.] (Zoˆl.) An order of Amphibia, having a long, ||annulated, snakelike body. See Ophiomorpha.

||Gym`noph*thal"ma*ta (- nf*thl"m*t), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s ||naked + 'ofqalmo`s the eye.] (Zoˆl.) A group of acalephs, including ||the naked-eyed medusÊ; the hydromedusÊ. Most of them are known to be ||the free-swimming progeny (gonophores) of hydroids.

Gym"no*plast (jm"n*plst), n. [Gr. gymno`s naked + pla`ssein to shape, mold.] (Biol.) A cell or mass of protoplasm devoid of an envelope, as a white blood corpuscle.

Gym'no*rhi"nal (-r"nal), a. [Gr. gymno`s naked + "ri`s, "rino`s, the nose.] (Zoˆl.) Having unfeathered nostrils, as certain birds.

||Gym`no*so"ma*ta (-s"m*t or - sm"*t), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s ||naked + sw^ma, sw`matos, the body.] (Zoˆl.) One of the orders of ||Pteropoda. They have no shell.

Gym*nos"o*phist (jm*ns"*fst), n. [Gr. gymnosofisth`s; gymno`s naked + sofisth`s philosopher; cf. F. gymnosophiste.] One of a sect of philosophers, said to have been found in India by Alexander the Great, who went almost naked, denied themselves the use of flesh, renounced bodily pleasures, and employed themselves in the contemplation of nature.

Gym*nos"o*phy (-f), n. The doctrines of the Gymnosophists. Good.

Gym"no*sperm (jm"n*sprm), n. (Bot.) A plant that bears naked seeds (i. e., seeds not inclosed in an ovary), as the common pine and hemlock. Cf. Angiosperm.

Gym`no*sper"mous (-spr"ms), a. [Gr. gymno`spermos; gymno`s naked + spe`rma seed: cf. F. gymnosperme.] (Bot.) (a) Having naked seeds, or seeds not inclosed in a capsule or other vessel. (b) Belonging to the class of plants consisting of gymnosperms.

||Gym*not"o*ka (jm*nt"*k), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + to`kos ||a bringing forth.] (Zoˆl.) The Athecata.

||Gym*no"tus (jm*n"ts), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + nw^tos the ||back: cf. F. gymnote.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of South American fresh-water ||fishes, including the Gymnotus electricus, or electric eel. It has a ||greenish, eel-like body, and is possessed of electric power.

One fearful shock, fearful but momentary, like that from the electric blow of the gymnotus.

De Quincey.

Gyn (gn), v. i. To begin. [Obs.] See Gin.

{ ||Gyn`Ê*ce"um (jn`*s"m), ||Gyn`Ê*ci"um (jn`*s"m), } n. [L., fr. Gr. gynaikei^on women's apartments, fr. gynh` a woman.] That part of a large house, among the ancients, exclusively appropriated to women. [Written also gyneceum, gynecium.] Tennyson.

Gy*nÊ"cian (j*n"shan), a. The same as Gynecian.

Gy*nÊ"co*phore (j*n"k*fr), n. [Gr. gynaikei^on the women's apartments + fe`rein to bear.] (Zoˆl.) A ventral canal or groove, in which the males of some diúcious trematodes carry the female. See Illust. of HÊmatozoa.

Gy*nan"der (j*nn"dr), n. [See Gynandrian.] (Bot.) A plant having the stamens inserted in the pistil.

||Gy*nan"dri*a (-dr*), n. pl. [NL. See Gynandrian.] (Bot.) A class of ||plants in the LinnÊan system, whose stamens grow out of, or are ||united with, the pistil.

{ Gy*nan"dri*an (-an), Gy*nan"drous (- drs), } a. [Gr. gy`nandros of doubtful sex; gynh` a woman + 'anh`r, 'andro`s, man: cf. F. gynandre.] (Bot.) Having stamens inserted in the pistil; belonging to the class Gynandria.

Gy*nan"dro*morph (-dr*mÙrf), n. (Zoˆl.) An animal affected with gynandromorphism.

Gy*nan`dro*mor"phism (- mÙr"fz'm),n. [Gr. gynh` a woman, female + 'anh`r, 'andro`s, a man, male + morfh` form.] (Zoˆl.) An abnormal condition of certain animals, in which one side has the external characters of the male, and the other those of the female.

Gy*nan`dro*mor"phous (-fs), a. (Zoˆl.) Affected with gynandromorphism.

Gy*nan"ther*ous (-thr*s), a. [Gr. gynh` a woman + E. anther.] (Bot.) Pertaining to an abnormal condition of the flower, in which the stamens are converted into pistils. R. Brown.

Gyn"ar*chy (jn"r*k), n. [Gr. gynh` a woman + -archy.] Government by a woman. Chesterfield.

||Gyn`e*ce"um (jn`*s"m), n. See GynÊceum.

Gy*ne"cian (j*n"shan), a. [Gr. gynaikei^os.] Of or relating to women.

Gyn`e*coc"ra*cy (jn`*kk"r*s), n. [Gr. gynaikokrati`a; gynh`, gynaiko`s, a woman + kratei^n to rule: cf. F. gynÈcocratie. Cf. Gynocracy.] Government by a woman, female power; gyneocracy. Bailey.

Gyn`e*co*log"ic*al (jn`*k*lj"*kal or g`n-), a. Of or pertaining to gynecology.

Gyn`e*col"o*gy (jn`*kl"*j or g`n-), n. [Gr. gynh`, gynaiko`s, a woman + -logy.] The science which treats of the structure and diseases of women. -- Gyn`e*col"o*gist.

Gyn"e*oc`ra*cy (jn`*k"r*s), n. See Gynecocracy.

Gyn`e*ol"a*try (-l"*tr), n. [Gr. gynh` a woman + latrei`a worship.] The adoration or worship of woman.

The sentimental gyneolatry of chivalry, which was at best but skin-deep.

Lowell.

||Gyn`e*pho"bi*a (-f"b*), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gynh` a woman + fo`bos ||fear.] Hatred of women; repugnance to the society of women. Holmes.

Gyn"ne (gn"ne), v. i. To begin. See Gin. [Obs.]

Gyn"o*base (jn"*bs), n. [Gr. gynh` a woman, female + E. base.] (Bot.) A dilated base or receptacle, supporting a multilocular ovary.

Gyn`o*ba"sic (-b"sk), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or having, a gynobase.

Gy*noc"ra*cy (j*nk"r*s), n. [See Gynecocracy.] Female government; gynecocracy.

The aforesaid state has repeatedly changed from absolute despotism to republicanism, not forgetting the intermediate stages of oligarchy, limited monarchy, and even gynocracy; for I myself remember Alsatia governed for nearly nine months by an old fishwoman.

Sir W. Scott.

Gy`no*di*ú"cious (j`n*d*"shs), a. [Gr. gynh` a woman + E. diúcious.] (Bot.) Diúcious, but having some hermaphrodite or perfect flowers on an individual plant which bears mostly pistillate flowers.

||Gy*nú"ci*um (j*n"s*m or -sh*m), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gynh` a woman + ||oi^kos house.] (Bot.) The pistils of a flower, taken collectively. ||See Illust. of Carpophore.

Gyn"o*phore (jn"*fr), n. [Gr. gynh` woman, female + fe`rein to bear, produce: cf. F. gynophore.] 1. (Bot.) The pedicel raising the pistil or ovary above the stamens, as in the passion flower. Lindley.

2. (Zoˆl.) One of the branches bearing the female gonophores, in certain Siphonophora.

Gyp (jp), n. [Said to be a sportive application of Gr. gy`ps a vulture.] A college servant; -- so called in Cambridge, England; at Oxford called a scout. [Cant]

Gypse (jps), n. [F.] See Gypsum. [Obs.] Pococke.

Gyp"se*ous (jp"s*s), a. [L. gypseus. See Gypsum.] Resembling or containing gypsum; partaking of the qualities of gypsum.

Gyp"sey (-s), n. A gypsy. See Gypsy.

Gyp*sif"er*ous (jp*sf"r*s), a. [Gypsum + -ferous: cf. F. gypsifËre.] Containing gypsum.

Gyp"sine (jp"sn), a. Gypseous. [R.] Chambers.

Gyp*sog"ra*phy (jp*sg"r*f), n. [Gypsum + -graphy.] The act or art of engraving on gypsum.

Gyp"so*plast (jp"s*plst), n. [Gypsum + Gr. pla`ssein to mold.] A cast taken in plaster of Paris, or in white lime.

Gyp"sum (jp"sm), n. [L. gypsum, Gr. gy`psos; cf. Ar. jibs plaster, mortar, Per. jabsn lime.] (Min.) A mineral consisting of the hydrous sulphate of lime (calcium). When calcined, stype forms plaster of Paris. Selenite is a transparent, crystalline variety; alabaster, a fine, white, massive variety.

Gyp"sy (jp"s), n.; pl. Gypsies (-sz). [OE. Gypcyan, F. Ègyptien Egyptian, gypsy, L. Aegyptius. See Egyptian.] [Also spelled gipsy and gypsey.] 1. One of a vagabond race, whose tribes, coming originally from India, entered Europe in the 14th or 15th century, and are now scattered over Turkey, Russia, Hungary, Spain, England, etc., living by theft, fortune telling, horsejockeying, tinkering, etc. Cf. Bohemian, Romany.

Like a right gypsy, hath, at fast and loose, Beguiled me to the very heart of loss.

Shak.

2. The language used by the gypsies.

3. A dark-complexioned person. Shak.

4. A cunning or crafty person [Colloq.] Prior.

Gyp"sy a. Pertaining to, or suitable for, gypsies.

Gypsy hat, a woman's or child's broad-brimmed hat, usually of straw or felt. -- Gypsy winch, a small winch, which may be operated by a crank, or by a ratchet and pawl through a lever working up and down.

<! p. 661 pr=JMD !>

Gyp"sy (jp"s), v. i. To play the gypsy; to picnic in the woods. Mostly, Gyp"sy*ing, vb. n.

Gyp"sy*ism (jp"s*z'm), n. 1. The arts and practices or habits of gypsies; deception; cheating; flattery.

2. The state of a gypsy.

Gyp"sy*wort` (-w˚rt`), n. (Bot.) A labiate plant (the Lycopus EuropÊus). Gypsies are said to stain their skin with its juice.

||Gyr`a*can"thus (jr`*kn"ths), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gyro`s round + 'a`kanqa ||spine.] (Paleon.) A genus of fossil fishes, found in Devonian and ||carboniferous strata; -- so named from their round, sculptured ||spines.

Gy"ral (j"ral), a. [See Gyre.] 1. Moving in a circular path or way; whirling; gyratory.

2. (Anat.) Pertaining to a gyrus, or convolution.

Gy"rant (-rant), a. Gyrating. [R.]

Gy"rate (-rt), a. [L. gyratus made in a circular form, p. p. of gyrare.] Winding or coiled round; curved into a circle; taking a circular course.

Gy"rate (-rt), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gyrated (-r*td); p. pr. & vb. n. Gyrating.] [L. gyratus, p. p. of gyrare to gyrate. See Gyre, n.] To revolve round a central point; to move spirally about an axis, as a tornado; to revolve.

Gy*ra"tion (j*r"shn), n. 1. The act of turning or whirling, as around a fixed center; a circular or spiral motion; motion about an axis; rotation; revolution.

The gyrations of an ascending balloon.

De Quincey.

If a burning coal be nimbly moved round in a circle, with gyrations continually repeated, the whole circle will appear like fire.

Sir I. Newton.

2. (Zoˆl.) One of the whorls of a spiral univalve shell.

Center of gyration. (Mech.) See under Center. -- Radius of gyration, the distance between the axis of a rotating body and its center of gyration. Rankine.

Gy"ra*to*ry (j"r*t*r), a. Moving in a circle, or spirally; revolving; whirling around.

Gyre (jr), n. [L. gyrus, Gr. gy^ros, cf. gyro`s round.] A circular motion, or a circle described by a moving body; a turn or revolution; a circuit.

Quick and more quick he spins in giddy gyres.

Dryden.

Still expanding and ascending gyres.

Mrs. Browning.

Gyre, v. t. & i. [Cf. OF. gyrer, girer. See Gyrate.] To turn round; to gyrate. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Drayton.

Gyre"ful (-fl), a. Abounding in gyres. [Obs.]

||Gyr`en*ceph"a*la (jr`n*sf"*l), n. pl. [NL. fr. Gr. gyro`s round + ||'egke`falos the brain.] (Zoˆl.) The higher orders of Mammalia, in ||which the cerebrum is convoluted. -- Gyr`en*ceph"a*lous (-ls), a.

Gyr"fal`con (jr"f`k'n), n. [OE. gerfaucon, OF. gerfaucon, LL. gyrofalco, perh. fr. L. gyrus circle + falco falcon, and named from its circling flight; or cf. E. gier-eagle. See Gyre, n., Falcon.] (Zoˆl.) One of several species and varieties of large Arctic falcons, esp. Falco rusticolus and the white species F. Islandicus, both of which are circumpolar. The black and the gray are varieties of the former. See Illust. of Accipiter. [Written also gerfalcon, gierfalcon, and jerfalcon.]

||Gy"ri (j"r), n. pl. See Gyrus.

Gyr"land (gr"land), v. t. [See Garland.] To garland. [Obs.]

Their hair loose and flowing, gyrlanded with sea grass.

B. Jonson.

||Gyr"o*dus (jr"*ds), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gyro`s round + 'odoy`s tooth.] ||(Paleon.) A genus of extinct oˆlitic fishes, having rounded teeth in ||several rows adapted for crushing.

Gy*rog"o*nite (j*rg"*nt), n. [Gr. gy^ros circle, ring + go`nos fruit.] (Paleon.) The petrified fruit of the Chara hispida, a species of stonewort. See Stonewort. Lyell.

Gy*roid"al (j*roid"al), a. [Gr. gy^ros circle + -oid + -al.] 1. Spiral in arrangement or action.

2. (Crystallog.) Having the planes arranged spirally, so that they incline all to the right (or left) of a vertical line; -- said of certain hemihedral forms.

3. (Opt.) Turning the plane of polarization circularly or spirally to the right or left.

||Gy*rol"e*pis (j*rl"*ps), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gyro`s round + lepi`s ||scale.] (Paleon.) A genus of ganoid fishes, found in strata of the ||new red sandstone, and the lias bone beds. Agassiz.

||Gy*ro"ma (j*r"m), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gyroy^n to round, bend, fr. gyro`s ||round.] A turning round. [R.]

Gyr"o*man`cy (jr"*mn`s or j"r-), n. [Gr. gy^ros ring, circle + -mancy: cf. F. gyromancie.] A kind of divination performed by drawing a ring or circle, and walking in or around it. Brande & C.

Gy"ron (j"rn), n. [F. giron; of German origin. See Gore a piece of cloth.] (Her.) A subordinary of triangular form having one of its angles at the fess point and the opposite side at the edge of the escutcheon. When there is only one gyron on the shield it is bounded by two lines drawn from the fess point, one horizontally to the dexter side, and one to the dexter chief corner.

Gy"ron*ny (j"rn*n), a. [F. gironnÈ.] (Her.) Covered with gyrons, or divided so as to form several gyrons; -- said of an escutcheon.

Gy"ro-pi`geon (j"r*pj`n), n. [L. gyrare to revolve + E. pigeon.] A flying object simulating a pigeon in flight, when projected from a spring trap. It is used as a flying target in shooting matches. Knight.

Gy"ro*scope (j"r*skp), n. [Gr. gy^ros ring, circle + - scope.] 1. A rotating wheel, mounted in a ring or rings, for illustrating the dynamics of rotating bodies, the composition of rotations, etc. It was devised by Professor W. R. Johnson, in 1832, by whom it was called the rotascope.

2. A form of the above apparatus, invented by M. Foucault, mounted so delicately as to render visible the rotation of the earth, through the tendency of the rotating wheel to preserve a constant plane of rotation, independently of the earth's motion.

Gy`ro*scop"ic (-skp"k), a. Pertaining to the gyroscope; resembling the motion of the gyroscope.

Gy*rose" (j*rs" or j"rs), a. [See Gyre.] (Bot.) Turned round like a crook, or bent to and fro. Loudon.

Gy"ro*stat (j"r*stt), n. [Gr. gy^ros ring, circle + "ista`nai to cause to stand.] (Physics) A modification of the gyroscope, consisting essentially of a fly wheel fixed inside a rigid case to which is attached a thin flange of metal for supporting the instrument. It is used in studying the dynamics of rotating bodies.

Gy`ro*stat"ic (-stt"k), a. (Physics) Of or pertaining to the gyrostat or to gyrostatics.

Gy`ro*stat"ics (-ks), n. (Physics) The doctrine or theory of the gyrostat, or of the phenomena of rotating bodies.

||Gy"rus (j"rs), n.; pl. Gyri (-r). [L. See Gyre, n.] A convoluted ||ridge between grooves; a convolution; as, the gyri of the brain; the ||gyri of brain coral. See Brain.

Gyse (gz), n. Guise. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gyte (gt), a. Delirious; senselessly extravagant; as, the man is clean gyte. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Gyve (jv), n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. gefyn, Ir. geibhionn, Gael. geimheal.] A shackle; especially, one to confine the legs; a fetter. [Written also give.]

Like a poor prisoner in his twisted gyves.

Shak.

With gyves upon his wrist.

Hood.

Gyve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gyved (jvd); p. pr. & vb. n. Gyving.] To fetter; to shackle; to chain. Spenser.

I will gyve thee in thine own courtship.

Shak.

H.

H (ch), the eighth letter of the English alphabet, is classed among the consonants, and is formed with the mouth organs in the same position as that of the succeeding vowel. It is used with certain consonants to form digraphs representing sounds which are not found in the alphabet, as sh, th, , as in shall, thing, ine (for zh see ß274); also, to modify the sounds of some other letters, as when placed after c and p, with the former of which it represents a compound sound like that of tsh, as in charm (written also tch as in catch), with the latter, the sound of f, as in phase, phantom. In some words, mostly derived or introduced from foreign languages, h following c and g indicates that those consonants have the hard sound before e, i, and y, as in chemistry, chiromancy, chyle, Ghent, Ghibelline, etc.; in some others, ch has the sound of sh, as in chicane. See Guide to Pronunciation, ßß 153, 179, 181-3, 237-8.

The name (aitch) is from the French ache; its form is from the Latin, and this from the Greek H, which was used as the sign of the spiritus asper (rough breathing) before it came to represent the long vowel, Gr. &eta;. The Greek H is from Phúnician, the ultimate origin probably being Egyptian. Etymologically H is most closely related to c; as in E. horn, L. cornu, Gr. ke`ras; E. hele, v. t., conceal; E. hide, L. cutis, Gr. ky`tos; E. hundred, L. centum, Gr. "e- kat-on, Skr. ata.

H piece (Mining), the part of a plunger pump which contains the valve.

H (h‰). (Mus.) The seventh degree in the diatonic scale, being used by the Germans for B natural. See B.

Ha (h‰), interj. [AS.] An exclamation denoting surprise, joy, or grief. Both as uttered and as written, it expresses a great variety of emotions, determined by the tone or the context. When repeated, ha, ha, it is an expression of laughter, satisfaction, or triumph, sometimes of derisive laughter; or sometimes it is equivalent to "Well, it is so."

Ha-has, and inarticulate hootings of satirical rebuke.

Carlyle.

Haaf (h‰f), n. [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. & Sw. haf the sea, Dan. hav, perh. akin to E. haven.] The deepsea fishing for cod, ling, and tusk, off the Shetland Isles.

Haak (hk), n. (Zoˆl.) A sea fish. See Hake. Ash.

Haar (h‰r), n. [See Hoar.] A fog; esp., a fog or mist with a chill wind. [Scot.] T. Chalmers.

||Ha"be*as cor"pus (h"b*s kÙr"ps). [L. you may have the body.] (Law) A ||writ having for its object to bring a party before a court or judge; ||especially, one to inquire into the cause of a person's imprisonment ||or detention by another, with the view to protect the right to ||personal liberty; also, one to bring a prisoner into court to testify ||in a pending trial. Bouvier.

||Ha*ben"dum (h*bn"dm), n. [L., that must be had.] (Law) That part of a ||deed which follows the part called the premises, and determines the ||extent of the interest or estate granted; -- so called because it ||begins with the word Habendum. Kent.

Hab"er*dash (hb"r*dsh), v. i. [See Haberdasher.] To deal in small wares. [R.]

To haberdash in earth's base ware.

Quarles.

Hab"er*dash`er (-dsh`r), n. [Prob. fr. Icel. hapurtask trumpery, trifles, perh. through French. It is possibly akin to E. haversack, and to Icel. taska trunk, chest, pocket, G. tasche pocket, and the orig. sense was perh., peddler's wares.] 1. A dealer in small wares, as tapes, pins, needles, and thread; also, a hatter. [Obs.]

The haberdasher heapeth wealth by hats.

Gascoigne.

2. A dealer in drapery goods of various descriptions, as laces, silks, trimmings, etc.

Hab"er*dash`er*y (-), n. The goods and wares sold by a haberdasher; also (Fig.), trifles. Burke.

Hab`er*dine" (hb`r*dn" or h"br*dn), n. [D. abberdaan, labberdaan; or a French form, cf. OF. habordeau, from the name of a Basque district, cf. F. Labourd, adj. Labourdin. The l was misunderstood as the French article.] A cod salted and dried. Ainsworth.

Ha*ber"ge*on (h*br"j*n or hb"r*jn), n. [F. haubergeon a small hauberk, dim. of OF. hauberc, F. haubert. See Hauberk.] Properly, a short hauberk, but often used loosely for the hauberk. Chaucer.

Hab"i*la*to*ry (hb"*l*t*r), a. Of or pertaining to clothing; wearing clothes. Ld. Lytton.

Hab"ile (hb"l), a. [F. habile, L. habilis. See Able, Habit.] Fit; qualified; also, apt. [Obs.] Spenser.

Ha*bil"i*ment (h*bl"*ment), n. [F. habillement, fr. habiller to dress, clothe, orig., to make fit, make ready, fr. habile apt, skillful, L. habilis. See Habile.] 1. A garment; an article of clothing. Camden.

2. pl. Dress, in general. Shak.

Ha*bil"i*ment*ed, a. Clothed. Taylor (1630).

Ha*bil"i*tate (-tt), a. [LL. habilitatus, p. p. of habilitare to enable.] Qualified or entitled. [Obs.] Bacon.

Ha*bil"i*tate (-tt), v. t. To fit out; to equip; to qualify; to entitle. Johnson.

Ha*bil`i*ta"tion (-t"shn), n. [LL. habilitatio: cf. F. habilitation.] Equipment; qualification. [Obs.] Bacon.

Ha*bil"i*ty (h*bl"*t), n. [See Ability.] Ability; aptitude. [Obs.] Robynson (More's Utopia).

Hab"it (hb"t) n. [OE. habit, abit, F. habit fr. L. habitus state, appearance, dress, fr. habere to have, be in a condition; prob. akin to E. have. See Have, and cf. Able, Binnacle, Debt, Due, Exhibit, Malady.] 1. The usual condition or state of a person or thing, either natural or acquired, regarded as something had, possessed, and firmly retained; as, a religious habit; his habit is morose; elms have a spreading habit; esp., physical temperament or constitution; as, a full habit of body.

2. (Biol.) The general appearance and manner of life of a living organism.

3. Fixed or established custom; ordinary course of conduct; practice; usage; hence, prominently, the involuntary tendency or aptitude to perform certain actions which is acquired by their frequent repetition; as, habit is second nature; also, peculiar ways of acting; characteristic forms of behavior.

A man of very shy, retired habits.

W. Irving.

4. Outward appearance; attire; dress; hence, a garment; esp., a closely fitting garment or dress worn by ladies; as, a riding habit.

Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy.

Shak.

There are, among the statues, several of Venus, in different habits.

Addison.

Syn. -- Practice; mode; manner; way; custom; fashion. -- Habit, Custom. Habit is a disposition or tendency leading us to do easily, naturally, and with growing certainty, what we do often; custom is external, being habitual use or the frequent repetition of the same act. The two operate reciprocally on each other. The custom of giving produces a habit of liberality; habits of devotion promote the custom of going to church. Custom also supposes an act of the will, selecting given modes of procedure; habit is a law of our being, a kind of "second nature" which grows up within us.

How use doth breed a habit in a man !

Shak.

He who reigns . . . upheld by old repute, Consent, or custom.

Milton.

Hab"it (hb"t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Habited; p. pr. & vb. n. Habiting.] [OE. habiten to dwell, F. habiter, fr. L. habitare to have frequently, to dwell, intens. fr. habere to have. See Habit, n.] 1. To inhabit. [Obs.]

In thilke places as they [birds] habiten.

Rom. of R.

2. To dress; to clothe; to array.

They habited themselves like those rural deities.

Dryden.

3. To accustom; to habituate. [Obs.] Chapman.

Hab`it*a*bil"i*ty (- *bl"*t), n. Habitableness.

Hab"it*a*ble (hb"t**b'l), a. [F. habitable, L. habitabilis.] Capable of being inhabited; that may be inhabited or dwelt in; as, the habitable world. -- Hab"it*a*ble*ness, n. -- Hab"it*a*bly, adv.

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Hab"it*a*cle (hb"t**k'l), n. [F. habitacle dwelling place, binnacle, L. habitaculum dwelling place. See Binnacle, Habit, v.] A dwelling place. Chaucer. Southey.

Ha`bi`tan" (`b`t‰"), n. Same as Habitant, 2.

General Arnold met an emissary . . . sent . . . to ascertain the feelings of the habitans or French yeomanry.

W. Irwing.

Hab"it*ance (hb"t*ans), n. [OF. habitance, LL. habitantia.] Dwelling; abode; residence. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hab"it*an*cy (-an*s), n. Same as Inhabitancy.

Hab"it*ant (-ant), n. [F. habitant. See Habit, v. t.]

1. An inhabitant; a dweller. Milton. Pope.

2. [F. pron. `b`t‰"] An inhabitant or resident; -- a name applied to and denoting farmers of French descent or origin in Canada, especially in the Province of Quebec; -- usually in the plural.

The habitants or cultivators of the soil.

Parkman.

Hab"i*tat (hb"*tt), n. [L., it dwells, fr. habitare. See Habit, v. t.] 1. (Biol.) The natural abode, locality or region of an animal or plant.

2. Place where anything is commonly found.

This word has its habitat in Oxfordshire.

Earle.

Hab`i*ta"tion (-t"shn), n. [F. habitation, L. habitatio.] 1. The act of inhabiting; state of inhabiting or dwelling, or of being inhabited; occupancy. Denham.

2. Place of abode; settled dwelling; residence; house.

The Lord . . . blesseth the habitation of the just.

Prov. iii. 33.

Hab"i*ta`tor (hb"*t`tr), n. [L.] A dweller; an inhabitant. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Hab"it*ed (-t*d), p. p. & a. 1. Clothed; arrayed; dressed; as, he was habited like a shepherd.

2. Fixed by habit; accustomed. [Obs.]

So habited he was in sobriety.

Fuller.

3. Inhabited. [Archaic]

Another world, which is habited by the ghosts of men and women.

Addison.

Ha*bit"u*al (h*bt"*al; 135), a. [Cf. F. habituel, LL. habitualis. See Habit, n.] 1. Formed or acquired by habit or use.

An habitual knowledge of certain rules and maxims.

South.

2. According to habit; established by habit; customary; constant; as, the habitual practice of sin.

It is the distinguishing mark of habitual piety to be grateful for the most common and ordinary blessings.

Buckminster.

Syn. -- Customary; accustomed; usual; common; wonted; ordinary; regular; familiar.

-- Ha*bit"u*al*ly, adv. -- Ha*bit"u*al*ness, n.

Ha*bit"u*ate (-t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Habituated (- `td); p. pr. & vb. n. Habituating (-`tng).] [L. habituatus, p. p. of habituare to bring into a condition or habit of body: cf. F. habituer. See Habit.] 1. To make accustomed; to accustom; to familiarize.

Our English dogs, who were habituated to a colder clime.

Sir K. Digby.

Men are first corrupted . . . and next they habituate themselves to their vicious practices.

Tillotson.

2. To settle as an inhabitant. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.

Ha*bit"u*ate (-t), a. Firmly established by custom; formed by habit; habitual. [R.] Hammond.

Ha*bit`u*a"tion (-"shn), n. [Cf. F. habituation.] The act of habituating, or accustoming; the state of being habituated.

Hab"i*tude (hb"*td), n. [F., fr. L. habitudo condition. See Habit.] 1. Habitual attitude; usual or accustomed state with reference to something else; established or usual relations. South.

The same ideas having immutably the same habitudes one to another.

Locke.

The verdict of the judges was biased by nothing else than their habitudes of thinking.

Landor.

2. Habitual association, intercourse, or familiarity.

To write well, one must have frequent habitudes with the best company.

Dryden.

3. Habit of body or of action. Shak.

It is impossible to gain an exact habitude without an infinite number of acts and perpetual practice.

Dryden.

||Ha`bi`tu`È" (`b`t`"), n. [F., p. p. of habituer. See Habituate.] One ||who habitually frequents a place; as, an habituÈ of a theater.

Hab"i*ture (hb"*tr; 135), n. Habitude. [Obs.]

||Hab"i*tus (-ts), n. [L.] (Zoˆl.) Habitude; mode of life; general ||appearance.

Ha"ble (h"b'l), a. See Habile. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hab"nab (hb"nb), adv. [Hobnob.] By chance. [Obs.]

Hach"ure (hch"r), n. [F., fr. hacher to hack. See Hatching.] (Fine Arts) A short line used in drawing and engraving, especially in shading and denoting different surfaces, as in map drawing. See Hatching.

||Ha`ci*en"da (‰`th*n"d or h‰`s*n"d), n. [Sp., fr. OSp. facienda ||employment, estate, fr. L. facienda, pl. of faciendum what is to be ||done, fr. facere to do. See Fact.] A large estate where work of any ||kind is done, as agriculture, manufacturing, mining, or raising of ||animals; a cultivated farm, with a good house, in distinction from a ||farming establishment with rude huts for herdsmen, etc.; -- a word ||used in Spanish-American regions.

Hack (hk), n. [See Hatch a half door.] 1. A frame or grating of various kinds; as, a frame for drying bricks, fish, or cheese; a rack for feeding cattle; a grating in a mill race, etc.

2. Unburned brick or tile, stacked up for drying.

Hack, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hacked (hkt); p. pr. & vb. n. Hacking.] [OE. hakken, AS. haccian; akin to D. hakken, G. hacken, Dan. hakke, Sw. hacka, and perh. to E. hew. Cf. Hew to cut, Haggle.] 1. To cut irregulary, without skill or definite purpose; to notch; to mangle by repeated strokes of a cutting instrument; as, to hack a post.

My sword hacked like a handsaw.

Shak.

2. Fig.: To mangle in speaking. Shak.

Hack, v. i. To cough faintly and frequently, or in a short, broken manner; as, a hacking cough.

Hack, n. 1. A notch; a cut. Shak.

2. An implement for cutting a notch; a large pick used in breaking stone.

3. A hacking; a catch in speaking; a short, broken cough. Dr. H. More.

4. (Football) A kick on the shins. T. Hughes.

Hack saw, a handsaw having a narrow blade stretched in an iron frame, for cutting metal.

Hack (hk), n. [Shortened fr. hackney. See Hackney.]

1. A horse, hackneyed or let out for common hire; also, a horse used in all kinds of work, or a saddle horse, as distinguished from hunting and carriage horses.

2. A coach or carriage let for hire; particularly, a coach with two seats inside facing each other; a hackney coach.

On horse, on foot, in hacks and gilded chariots.

Pope.

3. A bookmaker who hires himself out for any sort of literary work; an overworked man; a drudge.

Here lies poor Ned Purdon, from misery freed, Who long was a bookseller's hack.

Goldsmith.

4. A procuress.

Hack, a. Hackneyed; hired; mercenary. Wakefield.

Hack writer, a hack; one who writes for hire. "A vulgar hack writer." Macaulay.

Hack, v. t. 1. To use as a hack; to let out for hire.

2. To use frequently and indiscriminately, so as to render trite and commonplace.

The word "remarkable" has been so hacked of late.

J. H. Newman.

Hack, v. i. 1. To be exposed or offered to common use for hire; to turn prostitute. Hanmer.

2. To live the life of a drudge or hack. Goldsmith.

Hack"a*more (-*mr), n. [Cf. Sp. jaquima headstall of a halter.] A halter consisting of a long leather or rope strap and headstall, -- used for leading or tieing a pack animal. [Western U. S.]

Hack"ber`ry (hk"br`r), n. (Bot.) A genus of trees (Celtis) related to the elm, but bearing drupes with scanty, but often edible, pulp. C. occidentalis is common in the Eastern United States. Gray.

Hack"bolt` (-blt`), n. (Zoˆl.) The greater shearwater or hagdon. See Hagdon.

Hack"buss (-bs), n. Same as Hagbut.

Hack"ee (-), n. (Zoˆl.) The chipmunk; also, the chickaree or red squirrel. [U. S.]

Hack"er (-r), n. One who, or that which, hacks. Specifically: A cutting instrument for making notches; esp., one used for notching pine trees in collecting turpentine; a hack.

Hack"er*y (-), n. [Hind. chhakr.] A cart with wooden wheels, drawn by bullocks. [Bengal] Malcom.

Hac"kle (hk"k'l), n. [See Heckle, and cf. Hatchel.]

1. A comb for dressing flax, raw silk, etc.; a hatchel.

2. Any flimsy substance unspun, as raw silk.

3. One of the peculiar, long, narrow feathers on the neck of fowls, most noticeable on the cock, -- often used in making artificial flies; hence, any feather so used.

4. An artificial fly for angling, made of feathers.

Hac"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hackled (-k'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Hackling (-klng).] 1. To separate, as the coarse part of flax or hemp from the fine, by drawing it through the teeth of a hackle or hatchel.

2. To tear asunder; to break in pieces.

The other divisions of the kingdom being hackled and torn to pieces.

Burke.

Hac"kly (hk"l), a. [From Hackle.] 1. Rough or broken, as if hacked.

2. (Min.) Having fine, short, and sharp points on the surface; as, the hackly fracture of metallic iron.

Hack"man (-man), n.; pl. Hackmen (-men). The driver of a hack or carriage for public hire.

Hack"ma*tack` (-m*tk`), n. [Of American Indian origin.] (Bot.) The American larch (Larix Americana), a coniferous tree with slender deciduous leaves; also, its heavy, close-grained timber. Called also tamarack.

Hack"ney (-n), n.; pl. Hackneys (-nz). [OE. hakeney, hakenay; cf. F. haquenÈe a pacing horse, an ambling nag, OF. also haguenÈe, Sp. hacanea, OSp. facanea, D. hakkenei, also OF. haque horse, Sp. haca, OSp. faca; perh. akin to E. hack to cut, and nag, and orig. meaning, a jolting horse. Cf. Hack a horse, Nag.] 1. A horse for riding or driving; a nag; a pony. Chaucer.

2. A horse or pony kept for hire.

3. A carriage kept for hire; a hack; a hackney coach.

4. A hired drudge; a hireling; a prostitute.

Hack"ney, a. Let out for hire; devoted to common use; hence, much used; trite; mean; as, hackney coaches; hackney authors. "Hackney tongue." Roscommon.

Hack"ney, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hackneyed (-nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Hackneying.] 1. To devote to common or frequent use, as a horse or carriage; to wear out in common service; to make trite or commonplace; as, a hackneyed metaphor or quotation.

Had I so lavish of my presence been, So common-hackneyed in the eyes of men.

Shak.

2. To carry in a hackney coach. Cowper.

Hack"ney*man (-mn), n.; pl. Hackneymen (-mn). A man who lets horses and carriages for hire.

Hack"ster (-str), n. [From Hack to cut.] A bully; a bravo; a ruffian; an assassin. [Obs.] Milton.

Hac"que*ton (hk"k*tn), n. Same as Acton. [Obs.]

Had (hd), imp. & p. p. of Have. [OE. had, hafde, hefde, AS. hÊfde.] See Have.

Had as lief, Had rather, Had better, Had as soon, etc., with a nominative and followed by the infinitive without to, are well established idiomatic forms. The original construction was that of the dative with forms of be, followed by the infinitive. See Had better, under Better.

And lever me is be pore and trewe. [And more agreeable to me it is to be poor and true.]

C. Mundi (Trans.).

Him had been lever to be syke. [To him it had been preferable to be sick.]

Fabian.

For him was lever have at his bed's head Twenty bookes, clad in black or red, . . . Than robes rich, or fithel, or gay sawtrie.

Chaucer.

Gradually the nominative was substituted for the dative, and had for the forms of be. During the process of transition, the nominative with was or were, and the dative with had, are found.

Poor lady, she were better love a dream.

Shak.

You were best hang yourself.

Beau. & Fl.

Me rather had my heart might feel your love Than my unpleased eye see your courtesy.

Shak.

I hadde levere than my scherte, That ye hadde rad his legende, as have I.

Chaucer.

I had as lief not be as live to be In awe of such a thing as I myself.

Shak.

I had rather be a dog and bay the moon, Than such a Roman.

Shak.

I had rather be a doorkeeper in the house of my God, than to dwell in the tents of wickedness.

Ps. lxxxiv. 10.

Had"der (hd"dr), n. Heather; heath. [Obs.] Burton.

Had"die (-d), n. (Zoˆl.) The haddock. [Scot.]

Had"dock (-dk), n. [OE. hadok, haddok, of unknown origin; cf. Ir. codog, Gael. adag, F. hadot.] (Zoˆl.) A marine food fish (Melanogrammus Êglefinus), allied to the cod, inhabiting the northern coasts of Europe and America. It has a dark lateral line and a black spot on each side of the body, just back of the gills. Galled also haddie, and dickie.

Norway haddock, a marine edible fish (Sebastes marinus) of Northern Europe and America. See Rose fish.

Hade (hd), n. [Cf. AS. heald inclined, bowed down, G. halde declivity.] 1. The descent of a hill. [Obs.]

2. (Mining) The inclination or deviation from the vertical of any mineral vein.

Hade, v. i. (Mining) To deviate from the vertical; -- said of a vein, fault, or lode.

Ha"des (h"dz), n. [Gr. "a',dhs, "A'idhs; 'a priv. + 'idei^n to see. Cf. Un-, Wit.] The nether world (according to classical mythology, the abode of the shades, ruled over by Hades or Pluto); the invisible world; the grave.

And death and Hades gave up the dead which were in them.

Rev. xx. 13 (Rev. Ver.).

Neither was he left in Hades, nor did his flesh see corruption.

Acts ii. 31 (Rev. Ver.).

And in Hades he lifted up his eyes, being in torments.

Luke xvi. 23 (Rev. Ver.).

||Hadj (hj), n. [Ar. hajj, fr. hajja to set out, walk, go on a ||pilgrimage.] The pilgrimage to Mecca, performed by Mohammedans.

Hadj"i (-), n. [Ar. hjj. See Hadj.] 1. A Mohammedan pilgrim to Mecca; -- used among Orientals as a respectful salutation or a title of honor. G. W. Curtis.

2. A Greek or Armenian who has visited the holy sepulcher at Jerusalem. Heyse.

||Had`ro*sau"rus (hd`r*s"rs), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "adro`s thick + say^ros ||lizard.] (Paleon.) An American herbivorous dinosaur of great size, ||allied to the iguanodon. It is found in the Cretaceous formation.

HÊc*ce"i*ty (hk*s"*t), [L. hÊcce this.] (Logic) Literally, this-ness. A scholastic term to express individuality or singleness; as, this book.

HÊm"a- (hm"- or h"m-), HÊm"a*to- (hm"*t- or h"m*t-), HÊm"o- (hm"- or h"m-). [Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood.] Combining forms indicating relation or resemblance to blood, association with blood; as, hÊmapod, hÊmatogenesis, hÊmoscope.

Words from Gr. a"i^ma are written hema-, hemato-, hemo-, as well as hÊma-, hÊmato-, hÊmo-.

HÊm"a*chrome (hm"*krm or h"m-), n. [HÊma- + Gr. chrw^ma color.] (Physiol. Chem.) Hematin.

HÊm`a*cy"a*nin (-s"*nn), n. [HÊma- + Gr. ky`anos a dark blue substance.] (Physiol. Chem.) A substance found in the blood of the octopus, which gives to it its blue color.

When deprived of oxygen it is colorless, but becomes quickly blue in contact with oxygen, and is then generally called oxyhÊmacyanin. A similar blue coloring matter has been detected in small quantity in the blood of other animals and in the bile.

HÊm`a*cy*tom"e*ter (- s*tm"*tr), n. [HÊma + Gr. ky`tos a hollow vessel + - meter.] (Physiol.) An apparatus for determining the number of corpuscles in a given quantity of blood.

HÊ"mad (h"md), adv. [HÊma- + L. ad toward.] (Anat.) Toward the hÊmal side; on the hÊmal side of; -- opposed to neurad.

{ HÊm`a*drom"e*ter (hm`*drm"*tr or h`m- ), HÊm`a*dro*mom"e*ter (- dr*mm"*tr), } n. Same as Hemadrometer.

{ HÊm`a*drom"e*try (- drm"*tr),HÊm`a*dro*mom"e*try (- dr*mm"*tr), } n. Same as Hemadrometry.

HÊm`a*drom"o*graph (-drm"*grf), n. [HÊma- + Gr. dro`mos course + -graph.] (Physiol.) An instrument for registering the velocity of the blood.

HÊ`ma*dy*nam"e*ter (h`m*d*nm"*tr or hm`*d-) HÊ`ma*dy`na*mom"e*ter (h`m*d`n*mm"*tr or hm`*dn`-), Same as Hemadynamometer.

HÊma*dy*nam"ics (h`m*d*nm"ks or hm`*d-), n. Same as Hemadynamics.

HÊ"mal (h"mal), a. [Gr. a"i^ma blood.] Pertaining to the blood or blood vessels; also, ventral. See Hemal.

HÊm`a*phÊ"in (hm`*f"n or h`m-), n. [HÊma- + Gr. faio`s dusky.] (Physiol.) A brownish substance sometimes found in the blood, in cases of jaundice.

HÊm"a*pod (hm"*pd or h"m*pd), n. [HÊma + -pod.] (Zoˆl.) An hÊmapodous animal. G. Rolleston.

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HÊ*map"o*dous (h*mp"*ds), a. (Anat.) Having the limbs on, or directed toward, the ventral or hemal side, as in vertebrates; -- opposed to neuropodous.

HÊm`a*poi*et"ic (hm`*poi*t"k or h`m-), a. [HÊma- + Gr. poihtiko`s productive.] (Physiol.) Blood-forming; as, the hÊmapoietic function of the spleen.

||HÊm`a*poph"y*sis (- pf"*ss), n. [NL.] Same as Hemapophysis. -- ||HÊm`a*po*phys"i*al (- p*fz"*al), a.

HÊm`a*stat"ics, n. Same as Hemastatics.

HÊm`a*ta*chom"e*ter (- t*km"*tr), n. [HÊma- + Gr. tachy`s swift + -meter.] (Physiol.) A form of apparatus (somewhat different from the hemadrometer) for measuring the velocity of the blood.

HÊm`a*ta*chom"e*try (-tr), n. (Physiol.) The measurement of the velocity of the blood.

HÊm`a*tem"e*sis, n. Same as Hematemesis.

HÊ*mat"ic (h*mt"k), a. [Gr. a"imatiko`s] Of or pertaining to the blood; sanguine; brownish red.

HÊmatic acid (Physiol. Chem.), a hypothetical acid, supposed to be formed from hemoglobin during its oxidation in the lungs, and to have the power of freeing carbonic acid from the sodium carbonate of the serum. Thudichum.

HÊm"a*tin, n. Same as Hematin.

HÊm`a*ti*nom"e*ter, n. Same as Hematinometer.

HÊm`a*tin`o*met"ric, a. Same as Hematinometric.

HÊm"a*tite, n. Same as Hematite.

HÊm`a*tit"ic (hm`*tt"k), a. (Zoˆl.) Of a blood-red color; crimson; (Bot.) brownish red.

HÊm"a*to- (hm"*t- or h"- ), prefix. See HÊma-.

HÊm"a*to*blast` (-blst`), n. [HÊmato- + -blast.] (Anat.) One of the very minute, disk-shaped bodies found in blood with the ordinary red corpuscles and white corpuscles; a third kind of blood corpuscle, supposed by some to be an early stage in the development of the red corpuscles; -- called also blood plaque, and blood plate.

||HÊm`a*toc"ry*a (tk"r*), n. pl. (Zoˆl.) The cold-blooded vertebrates. ||Same as Hematocrya.

HÊm`*a*toc"ry*al (-al), a. Cold-blooded.

HÊm`a*to*crys"tal*lin, n. Same as Hematocrystallin.

HÊ`ma*to*dy`na*mom"e*ter (h`m*t*d`n*mm"*tr or hm`*t*dn`-), n. Same as Hemadynamometer.

HÊm`a*to*gen"e*sis (hm`*t*jn"*ss or h`m*t-), n. [HÊmato- + genesis.] (Physiol.) (a) The origin and development of blood. (b) The transformation of venous into arterial blood by respiration; hematosis.

HÊm`a*to*gen"ic (-jn"k), a. (Physiol.) Relating to hÊmatogenesis.

HÊm`a*tog"e*nous (-tj"*ns), a. (Physiol.) Originating in the blood.

HÊm`a*to*glob"u*lin, n. Same as Hematoglobulin.

HÊm"a*toid, a. Same as Hematoid.

HÊm`a*toid"in, n. Same as Hematoidin.

HÊ*mat"o*in (h*mt"*n), n. [HÊmato- + -in.] (Physiol. Chem.) A substance formed from the hematin of blood, by removal of the iron through the action of concentrated sulphuric acid. Two like bodies, called respectively hÊmatoporphyrin and hÊmatolin, are formed in a similar manner.

HÊ*mat"o*lin (-ln), n. See HÊmatoin.

HÊm`a*tol"o*gy (hm`*tl"*j or h`m-), n. The science which treats of the blood. Same as Hematology.

HÊm`a*tom"e*ter (-tm"*tr), n. [HÊmato- + -meter.] (Physiol.) (a) Same as Hemadynamometer. (b) An instrument for determining the number of blood corpuscles in a given quantity of blood.

||HÊm`a*to*phi*li"na (- t*f*l"n), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma, ||a"i`matos, blood +filei^n to love.] (Zoˆl.) A division of ||Cheiroptera, including the bloodsucking bats. See Vampire.

HÊm"a*to*plast` (-plst`), n. [HÊmato- + Gr. pla`ssein to mold.] (Anat.) Same as HÊmatoblast.

HÊm`a*to*plas"tic (-pls"tk), a. [HÊmato- + -plastic.] (Physiol.) Blood formative; -- applied to a substance in early fetal life, which breaks up gradually into blood vessels.

HÊm`a*to*por"phy*rin (- pÙr"f*rn), n. [HÊmato- + Gr. porfy`ra purple.] (Physiol. Chem.) See HÊmatoin.

HÊm"a*to*sac` (-sk`), n. [HÊmato- + sac.] (Anat.) A vascular sac connected, beneath the brain, in many fishes, with the infundibulum.

HÊm"a*to*scope` (-skp`), n. A hÊmoscope.

HÊm`a*to"sin (hm`*t"sn or h*mt"*sn), n. (Physiol. Chem.) Hematin. [R.]

||HÊm`a*to"sis, n. Same as Hematosis.

||HÊm`a*to*ther"ma (hm`*t*thr"m or h`m-), n. pl. (Zoˆl.) Same as ||Hematotherma.

HÊm`a*to*ther"mal (-mal), a. Warm-blooded; homoiothermal.

HÊm`a*to*tho"rax, n. Same as Hemothorax.

HÊm`a*tox"y*lin (-tks"*ln), n. [See HÊmatoxylon.] (Chem.) The coloring principle of logwood. It is obtained as a yellow crystalline substance, C16H14O6, with a sweetish taste. Formerly called also hematin.

||HÊm`a*tox"y*lon (-ln), n. [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma blood + xy`lon wood.] ||(Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants containing but a single species, ||the H. Campechianum or logwood tree, native in Yucatan.

||HÊm`a*to*zo"ˆn (-t*z"n), n.; pl. HÊmatozoa (- ). [NL., fr. Gr. ||a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood + zw^,on animal.] (Zoˆl.) A parasite ||inhabiting the blood; esp.: (a) Certain species of nematodes of the ||genus Filaria, sometimes found in the blood of man, the horse, the ||dog, etc. (b) The trematode, Bilharzia hÊmatobia, which infests the ||inhabitants of Egypt and other parts of Africa, often causing death.

HÊ"mic (h"mk or hm"k), a. Pertaining to the blood; hemal.

HÊ"min (h"mn), n. Same as Hemin.

HÊm"o- (hm"- or h"m-), prefix. See HÊma-.

HÊm"o*chrome (-krm), n. Same as HÊmachrome.

HÊm`o*chro"mo*gen (-kr"m*jn), n. [HÊmochrome + -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.) A body obtained from hemoglobin, by the action of reducing agents in the absence of oxygen.

HÊm`o*chro*mom"e*ter (- kr*mm"*tr), n. [HÊmochrome + -meter.] (Physiol. Chem.) An apparatus for measuring the amount of hemoglobin in a fluid, by comparing it with a solution of known strength and of normal color.

HÊm`o*cy"a*nin (-s"*nn), n. Same as HÊmacyanin.

||HÊm`o*cy*tol"y*sis (- s*tl"*ss), n. [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma blood + ||ky`tos hollow vessel + ly`ein to loosen, dissolve.] (Physiol.) See ||HÊmocytotrypsis.

HÊm`o*cy*tom"e*ter, n. See HÊmacytometer.

||HÊm`o*cy`to*tryp"sis (- s`t*trp"ss), n. [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma blood + ||ky`tos hollow vessel + tri`bein to rub, grind.] (Physiol.) A breaking ||up of the blood corpuscles, as by pressure, in distinction from ||solution of the corpuscles, or hÊmocytolysis.

HÊm`o*drom"o*graph, n. Same as HÊmadromograph.

HÊm`o*dro*mom"e*ter(- dr*mm"*tr),n.Same as Hemadrometer.

HÊ`mo*dy*nam"e*ter (h`m*d*nm"*tr or hm`*d-), n. Same as Hemadynamometer.

HÊ`mo*dy*nam"ics,n.Same as Hemadynamics.

HÊm`o*glo"bin, n. Same as Hemoglobin.

HÊm`o*glo`bin*om"e*ter (- m"*tr), n. [HÊmoglobin + -meter.] Same as Hemochromometer.

HÊm`o*lu"te*in (-l"t*n), n. [HÊmo- + corpus luteum.] (Physiol.) See Hematoidin.

HÊm`o*ma*nom"e*ter (- m*nm"*tr), n. [HÊmo- + manometer.] Same as Hemadynamometer.

HÊ*mom"e*ter (h*mm"*tr), n. [HÊmo- + -meter.] (Physiol.) Same as Hemadynamometer.

HÊ"mo*ny (h"m*n), n. [L. HÊmonia a name of Thessaly, the land of magic.] A plant described by Milton as "of sovereign use against all enchantments."

HÊm`o*plas"tic, a. Same as HÊmatoplastic.

HÊm"or*rhoid"al, a. Same as Hemorrhoidal.

HÊm"o*scope (hm"*skp or h"m-), n. [HÊmo- + - scope.] (Physiol.) An instrument devised by Hermann, for regulating and measuring the thickness of a layer of blood for spectroscopic examination.

HÊm`o*stat"ic (-stt"k), a. Same as Hemostatic.

HÊm`o*ta*chom"e*ter (- t*km"*tr), n. Same as HÊmatachometer.

HÊm`o*ta*chom"e*try (-tr), n. Same as HÊmatachometry.

Haf (h‰f), imp. of Heave. Hove. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Haf"fle (hf"f'l), v. i. [Cf. G. haften to cling, stick to, Prov. G., to stop, stammer.] To stammer; to speak unintelligibly; to prevaricate. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Haft (hft), n. [AS. hÊft; akin to D. & G. heft, Icel. hepti, and to E. heave, or have. Cf. Heft.] 1. A handle; that part of an instrument or vessel taken into the hand, and by which it is held and used; -- said chiefly of a knife, sword, or dagger; the hilt.

This brandish'd dagger I'll bury to the haft in her fair breast.

Dryden.

2. A dwelling. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Haft, v. t. To set in, or furnish with, a haft; as, to haft a dagger.

Haft"er (-r), n. [Cf. G. haften to cling or stick to, and E. haffle.] A caviler; a wrangler. [Obs.] Baret.

Hag (hg), n. [OE. hagge, hegge, witch, hag, AS. hÊgtesse; akin to OHG. hagazussa, G. hexe, D. heks, Dan. hex, Sw. h‰xa. The first part of the word is prob. the same as E. haw, hedge, and the orig. meaning was perh., wood woman, wild woman. &radic;12.] 1. A witch, sorceress, or enchantress; also, a wizard. [Obs.] "[Silenus] that old hag." Golding.

2. An ugly old woman.Dryden.

3. A fury; a she-monster. Crashaw.

4. (Zoˆl.) An eel-like marine marsipobranch (Myxine glutinosa), allied to the lamprey. It has a suctorial mouth, with labial appendages, and a single pair of gill openings. It is the type of the order Hyperotreta. Called also hagfish, borer, slime eel, sucker, and sleepmarken.

5. (Zoˆl.) The hagdon or shearwater.

6. An appearance of light and fire on a horse's mane or a man's hair. Blount.

Hag moth (Zoˆl.), a moth (Phobetron pithecium), the larva of which has curious side appendages, and feeds on fruit trees. -- Hag's tooth (Naut.), an ugly irregularity in the pattern of matting or pointing.

Hag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hagged (hgd); p. pr. & vb. n. Hagging.] To harass; to weary with vexation.

How are superstitious men hagged out of their wits with the fancy of omens.

L'Estrange.

Hag, n. [Scot. hag to cut; cf. E. hack.] 1. A small wood, or part of a wood or copse, which is marked off or inclosed for felling, or which has been felled.

This said, he led me over hoults and hags; Through thorns and bushes scant my legs I drew.

Fairfax.

2. A quagmire; mossy ground where peat or turf has been cut. Dugdale.

Hag"ber`ry (hg"br`r), n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Prunus (P. Padus); the bird cherry. [Scot.]

Hag"born` (-bÙrn`), a. Born of a hag or witch. Shak.

Hag"but (-bt), n. [OF. haquebute, prob. a corruption of D. haakbus; haak hook + bus gun barrel. See Hook, and 2d Box, and cf. Arquebus.] A harquebus, of which the but was bent down or hooked for convenience in taking aim. [Written also haguebut and hackbuss.]

Hag"but*ter (hg"bt*tr), n. A soldier armed with a hagbut or arquebus. [Written also hackbutter.] Froude.

Hag"don (hg"dn), n. (Zoˆl.) One of several species of sea birds of the genus Puffinus; esp., P. major, the greater shearwarter, and P. Stricklandi, the black hagdon or sooty shearwater; -- called also hagdown, haglin, and hag. See Shearwater.

Hag"fish`(- fsh`),n.(Zoˆl.) See Hag, 4.

Hag*ga"da (hg*g‰"d), n.; pl. Haggadoth (- dth). [Rabbinic haggdh, fr. Heb. higgdh to relate.] A story, anecdote, or legend in the Talmud, to explain or illustrate the text of the Old Testament. [Written also hagada.]

Hag"gard (hg"grd), a. [F. hagard; of German origin, and prop. meaning, of the hegde or woods, wild, untamed. See Hedge, 1st Haw, and - ard.] 1. Wild or intractable; disposed to break away from duty; untamed; as, a haggard or refractory hawk. [Obs.] Shak.

2. [For hagged, fr. hag a witch, influenced by haggard wild.] Having the expression of one wasted by want or suffering; hollow-eyed; having the features distorted or wasted by pain; wild and wasted, or anxious in appearance; as, haggard features, eyes.

Staring his eyes, and haggard was his look.

Dryden.

Hag"gard, n. [See Haggard, a.] 1. (Falconry) A young or untrained hawk or falcon.

2. A fierce, intractable creature.

I have loved this proud disdainful haggard.

Shak.

3. [See Haggard, a., 2.] A hag. [Obs.] Garth.

Hag"gard, n. [See 1st Haw, Hedge, and Yard an inclosed space.] A stackyard. [Prov. Eng.] Swift.

Hag"gard*ly, adv. In a haggard manner. Dryden.

Hag"ged (-gd), a. Like a hag; lean; ugly. [R.]

Hag"gis (-gs), n. [Scot. hag to hack, chop, E. hack. Formed, perhaps, in imitation of the F. hachis (E. hash), fr. hacher.] A Scotch pudding made of the heart, liver, lights, etc., of a sheep or lamb, minced with suet, onions, oatmeal, etc., highly seasoned, and boiled in the stomach of the same animal; minced head and pluck. [Written also haggiss, haggess, and haggies.]

Hag"gish (-gsh), a. Like a hag; ugly; wrinkled.

But on us both did haggish age steal on.

Shak.

Hag"gish*ly, adv. In the manner of a hag.

Hag"gle (hg"g'l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Haggled (-g'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Haggling (-glng).] [Freq. of Scot. hag, E. hack. See Hack to cut.] To cut roughly or hack; to cut into small pieces; to notch or cut in an unskillful manner; to make rough or mangle by cutting; as, a boy haggles a stick of wood.

Suffolk first died, and York, all haggled o'er, Comes to him, where in gore he lay insteeped.

Shak.

Hag"gle, v. i. To be difficult in bargaining; to stick at small matters; to chaffer; to higgle.

Royalty and science never haggled about the value of blood.

Walpole.

Hag"gle, n. The act or process of haggling. Carlyle.

Hag"gler (hg"glr), n. 1. One who haggles or is difficult in bargaining.

2. One who forestalls a market; a middleman between producer and dealer in London vegetable markets.

Ha"gi*ar`chy (h"j*‰r`k), n. [Gr. "a`gios sacred, holy + - archy.] A sacred government; government by holy orders of men. Southey.

Ha`gi*oc"ra*cy (-k"r*s), n. [Gr. "a`gios holy, and kratei^n to govern.] Government by a priesthood; hierarchy.

||Ha`gi*og"ra*pha (-g"r*f), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. "agio`grafa (sc. ||bibli`a), fr. "agio`grafos written by inspiration; "a`gios sacred, ||holy + gra`fein to write.] 1. The last of the three Jewish divisions ||of the Old Testament, or that portion not contained in the Law and ||the Prophets. It comprises Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Canticles, Ruth, ||Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, and ||Chronicles.

2. (R. C. Ch.) The lives of the saints. Brande & C.

Ha`gi*og"ra*phal (-fal), Pertaining to the hagiographa, or to sacred writings.

Ha`gi*og"ra*pher (-fr), n. One of the writers of the hagiographa; a writer of lives of the saints. Shipley.

Ha`gi*og"ra*phy (-f; 277), n. Same as Hagiographa.

Ha`gi*ol"a*try (-l"*tr), n. [Gr. "a`gios sacred + latrei`a worship.] The invocation or worship of saints.

Ha`gi*ol"o*gist (-*jst), n. One who treats of the sacred writings; a writer of the lives of the saints; a hagiographer. Tylor.

Hagiologists have related it without scruple.

Southey.

Ha`gi*ol"o*gy (-j), n. [Gr. "a`gios sacred + -logy.] The history or description of the sacred writings or of sacred persons; a narrative of the lives of the saints; a catalogue of saints. J. H. Newman.

Ha"gi*o*scope` (h"j**skp`), n. [Gr. "a`gios sacred + -scope.] An opening made in the interior walls of a cruciform church to afford a view of the altar to those in the transepts; -- called, in architecture, a squint. Hook.

Hag"-rid`den (hg"rd`d'n), a. Ridden by a hag or witch; hence, afflicted with nightmare. Beattie. Cheyne.

<! p. 664 pr=JMD !>

Hag"seed` (hg"sd), n. The offspring of a hag. Shak.

Hag"ship, n. The state or title of a hag. Middleton.

Hag"-ta`per (-t`pr), n. [Cf. 1st Hag, and Hig-taper.] (Bot.) The great woolly mullein (Verbascum Thapsus).

Hague"but (hg"bt), n. See Hagbut.

Hah (h‰), interj. Same as Ha.

Ha-ha" (h‰*h‰"), n. [See Haw-haw.] A sunk fence; a fence, wall, or ditch, not visible till one is close upon it. [Written also haw- haw.]

Hai"ding*er*ite (h"dng*r*t), n. (Min.) A mineral consisting chiefly of the arseniate of lime; -- so named in honor of W. Haidinger, of Vienna.

Hai"duck (h"dk), n. [G. haiduck, heiduck, fr. Hung. hajdu.] Formerly, a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary, now, a halberdier of a Hungarian noble, or an attendant in German or Hungarian courts. [Written also hayduck, haiduk, heiduc, heyduck, and heyduk.]

||Haik (hk; Ar. h‰*k), n. [Ar. hÔk, fr. hka to weave.] A large piece of ||woolen or cotton cloth worn by Arabs as an outer garment. [Written ||also hyke.] Heyse.

||Hai"kal (h"kal), n. The central chapel of the three forming the ||sanctuary of a Coptic church. It contains the high altar, and is ||usually closed by an embroidered curtain.

Hail (hl), n. [OE. hail, hael, AS. hÊgel, hagol; akin to D., G., Dan., & Sw. hagel; Icel. hagl; cf. Gr. ka`chlhx pebble.] Small roundish masses of ice precipitated from the clouds, where they are formed by the congelation of vapor. The separate masses or grains are called hailstones.

Thunder mixed with hail, Hail mixed with fire, must rend the Egyptian sky.

Milton.

Hail, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hailed (hld); p. pr. & vb. n. Hailing.] [OE. hailen, AS. hagalian.] To pour down particles of ice, or frozen vapors.

Hail, v. t. To pour forcibly down, as hail. Shak.

Hail, a. Healthy. See Hale (the preferable spelling).

Hail, v. t. [OE. hailen, heilen, Icel. heill hale, sound, used in greeting. See Hale sound.] 1. To call loudly to, or after; to accost; to salute; to address.

2. To name; to designate; to call.

And such a son as all men hailed me happy.

Milton.

Hail, v. i. 1. To declare, by hailing, the port from which a vessel sails or where she is registered; hence, to sail; to come; -- used with from; as, the steamer hails from New York.

2. To report as one's home or the place from whence one comes; to come; -- with from. [Colloq.] C. G. Halpine.

Hail, interj. [See Hail, v. t.] An exclamation of respectful or reverent salutation, or, occasionally, of familiar greeting. "Hail, brave friend." Shak.

All hail. See in the Vocabulary. -- Hail Mary, a form of prayer made use of in the Roman Catholic Church in invocation of the Virgin. See Ave Maria.

Hail, n. A wish of health; a salutation; a loud call. "Their puissant hail." M. Arnold.

The angel hail bestowed.

Milton.

Hail"-fel`low (-fl`l), n. An intimate companion.

Hail-fellow well met.

Lyly.

Hailse (hls), v. t. [OE. hailsen, Icel. heilsa. Cf. Hail to call to.] To greet; to salute. [Obs.] P. Plowman.

Hail"shot` (hl"sht`), n. pl. Small shot which scatter like hailstones. [Obs.] Hayward.

Hail"stone` (-stn`), n. A single particle of ice falling from a cloud; a frozen raindrop; a pellet of hail.

Hail"storm` (-stÙrm`), n. A storm accompanied with hail; a shower of hail.

Hail"y (-), a. Of hail. "Haily showers." Pope.

Hain (hn), v. t. [Cf. Sw. h‰gn hedge, inclosure, Dan. hegn hedge, fence. See Hedge.] To inclose for mowing; to set aside for grass. "A ground . . . hained in." Holland.

Hain't (hnt). A contraction of have not or has not; as, I hain't, he hain't, we hain't. [Colloq. or illiterate speech.] [Written also han't.]

Hair (h‚r), n. [OE. her, heer, hÊr, AS. hr; akin to OFries. hr, D. & G. haar, OHG. & Icel. hr, Dan. haar, Sw. hÂr; cf. Lith. kasa.] 1. The collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body.

2. One the above-mentioned filaments, consisting, in vertebrate animals, of a long, tubular part which is free and flexible, and a bulbous root imbedded in the skin.

Then read he me how Sampson lost his hairs.

Chaucer.

And draweth new delights with hoary hairs.

Spenser.

3. Hair (human or animal) used for various purposes; as, hair for stuffing cushions.

4. (Zoˆl.) A slender outgrowth from the chitinous cuticle of insects, spiders, crustaceans, and other invertebrates. Such hairs are totally unlike those of vertebrates in structure, composition, and mode of growth.

5. (Bot.) An outgrowth of the epidermis, consisting of one or of several cells, whether pointed, hooked, knobbed, or stellated. Internal hairs occur in the flower stalk of the yellow frog lily (Nuphar).

6. A spring device used in a hair-trigger firearm.

7. A haircloth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

8. Any very small distance, or degree; a hairbreadth.

Hairs is often used adjectively or in combination; as, hairbrush or hair brush, hair dye, hair oil, hairpin, hair powder, a brush, a dye, etc., for the hair.

Against the hair, in a rough and disagreeable manner; against the grain. [Obs.] "You go against the hair of your professions." Shak. -- Hair bracket (Ship Carp.), a molding which comes in at the back of, or runs aft from, the figurehead. -- Hair cells (Anat.), cells with hairlike processes in the sensory epithelium of certain parts of the internal ear. -- Hair compass, Hair divider, a compass or divider capable of delicate adjustment by means of a screw. -- Hair glove, a glove of horsehair for rubbing the skin. -- Hair lace, a netted fillet for tying up the hair of the head. Swift. -- Hair line, a line made of hair; a very slender line. -- Hair moth (Zoˆl.), any moth which destroys goods made of hair, esp. Tinea biselliella. -- Hair pencil, a brush or pencil made of fine hair, for painting; -- generally called by the name of the hair used; as, a camel's hair pencil, a sable's hair pencil, etc. - - Hair plate, an iron plate forming the back of the hearth of a bloomery fire. -- Hair powder, a white perfumed powder, as of flour or starch, formerly much used for sprinkling on the hair of the head, or on wigs. -- Hair seal (Zoˆl.), any one of several species of eared seals which do not produce fur; a sea lion. -- Hair seating, haircloth for seats of chairs, etc. -- Hair shirt, a shirt, or a band for the loins, made of horsehair, and worn as a penance. -- Hair sieve, a strainer with a haircloth bottom. -- Hair snake. See Gordius. -- Hair space (Printing), the thinnest metal space used in lines of type. -- Hair stroke, a delicate stroke in writing. -- Hair trigger, a trigger so constructed as to discharge a firearm by a very slight pressure, as by the touch of a hair. Farrow. -- Not worth a hair, of no value. -- To a hair, with the nicest distinction. -- To split hairs, to make distinctions of useless nicety.

Hair"bell` (h‚r"bl`), n. (Bot.) See Harebell.

Hair"bird` (-brd), n. (Zoˆl.) The chipping sparrow.

Hair"brained` (-brnd`), a. See Harebrained.

Hair"breadth` (-brdth), Hair's" breadth` (h‚rz"). The diameter or breadth of a hair; a very small distance; sometimes, definitely, the forty-eighth part of an inch.

Every one could sling stones at an hairbreadth and not miss.

Judg. xx. 16.

Hair"breadth`, a. Having the breadth of a hair; very narrow; as, a hairbreadth escape.

Hair"-brown` (-broun`), a. Of a clear tint of brown, resembling brown human hair. It is composed of equal proportions of red and green.

Hair"brush` (-brsh`), n. A brush for cleansing and smoothing the hair.

Hair"cloth` (-klth`), n. Stuff or cloth made wholly or in part of hair.

Hair"dress`er (-drs`r), n. One who dresses or cuts hair; a barber.

Haired (h‚rd), a. 1. Having hair. "A beast haired like a bear." Purchas.

2. In composition: Having (such) hair; as, red-haired.

Hai"ren (h‚r"en), a. [AS. hren.] Hairy. [Obs.]

His hairen shirt and his ascetic diet.

J. Taylor.

Hair" grass` (grs`). (Bot.) A grass with very slender leaves or branches; as the Agrostis scabra, and several species of Aira or Deschampsia.

Hair"i*ness (-*ns), n. The state of abounding, or being covered, with hair. Johnson.

Hair"less, a. Destitute of hair. Shak.

Hair"pin` (-pn`), n. A pin, usually forked, or of bent wire, for fastening the hair in place, -- used by women.

Hair"-salt` (-slt`), n. [A translation of G. haarsalz.] (Min.) A variety of native Epsom salt occurring in silky fibers.

Hair"split`ter (-splt`tr), n. One who makes excessively nice or needless distinctions in reasoning; one who quibbles. "The caviling hairsplitter." De Quincey.

Hair"split`ting (-tng), a. Making excessively nice or trivial distinctions in reasoning; subtle. -- n. The act or practice of making trivial distinctions.

The ancient hairsplitting technicalities of special pleading.

Charles Sumner.

Hair"spring` (-sprng`), n. (Horology) The slender recoil spring which regulates the motion of the balance in a timepiece.

Hair"streak` (-strk`), n. A butterfly of the genus Thecla; as, the green hairstreak (T. rubi).

Hair"tail` (-tl`), n. (Zoˆl.) Any species of marine fishes of the genus Trichiurus; esp., T. lepturus of Europe and America. They are long and like a band, with a slender, pointed tail. Called also bladefish.

Hair" worm` (w˚rm`). (Zoˆl.) A nematoid worm of the genus Gordius, resembling a hair. See Gordius.

Hair"y (-), a. Bearing or covered with hair; made of or resembling hair; rough with hair; hirsute.

His mantle hairy, and his bonnet sedge.

Milton.

Hai"ti*an (h"t*an), a. & n. See Haytian.

Ha"je (h‰"j), n. [Ar. hayya snake.] (Zoˆl.) The Egyptian asp or cobra (Naja haje.) It is related to the cobra of India, and like the latter has the power of inflating its neck into a hood. Its bite is very venomous. It is supposed to be the snake by means of whose bite Cleopatra committed suicide, and hence is sometimes called Cleopatra's snake or asp. See Asp.

Hake (hk), n. [See Hatch a half door.] A drying shed, as for unburned tile.

Hake, n. [Also haak.] [Akin to Norweg. hakefisk, lit., hook fish, Prov. E. hake hook, G. hecht pike. See Hook.] (Zoˆl.) One of several species of marine gadoid fishes, of the genera Phycis, Merlucius, and allies. The common European hake is M. vulgaris; the American silver hake or whiting is M. bilinearis. Two American species (Phycis chuss and P. tenius) are important food fishes, and are also valued for their oil and sounds. Called also squirrel hake, and codling.

Hake (hk), v. i. To loiter; to sneak. [Prov. Eng.]

Hake's"-dame` (hks"dm`), n. See Forkbeard.

Hak"e*ton (hk"*tn), n. Same as Acton. [Obs.]

||Ha*kim" (h*km"), n. [Ar. hakm.] A wise man; a physician, esp. a ||Mohammedan. [India]

||Ha"kim (h‰"km), n. [Ar. hkim.] A Mohammedan title for a ruler; a ||judge. [India]

Ha*la"cha (h*l‰"k), n.; pl. Halachoth (- kth). [Heb. halchh.] The general term for the Hebrew oral or traditional law; one of two branches of exposition in the Midrash. See Midrash.

Ha*la"tion (h*l"shn), n. (Photog.) An appearance as of a halo of light, surrounding the edges of dark objects in a photographic picture.

Hal"berd (hl"brd; 277), n. [F. hallebarde; of German origin; cf. MHG. helmbarte, G. hellebarte; prob. orig., an ax to split a helmet, fr. G. barte a broad ax (orig. from the same source as E. beard; cf. Icel. bara, a kind of ax, skegg beard, skeggja a kind of halberd) + helm helmet; but cf. also MHG. helm, halm, handle, and E. helve. See Beard, Helmet.] (Mil.) An ancient long-handled weapon, of which the head had a point and several long, sharp edges, curved or straight, and sometimes additional points. The heads were sometimes of very elaborate form. [Written also halbert.]

Hal`berd*ier" (h`brd*r"), n. [F. hallebardier.] One who is armed with a halberd. Strype.

Hal"berd-shaped` (-shpt`), a. Hastate.

Hal"cy*on (hl"s*n), n. [L. halcyon, alcyon, Gr. "alkyw`n, 'alkyw`n: cf. F. halcyon.] (Zoˆl.) A kingfisher. By modern ornithologists restricted to a genus including a limited number of species having omnivorous habits, as the sacred kingfisher (Halcyon sancta) of Australia.

Amidst our arms as quiet you shall be As halcyons brooding on a winter sea.

Dryden.

Hal"cy*on, a. 1. Pertaining to, or resembling, the halcyon, which was anciently said to lay her eggs in nests on or near the sea during the calm weather about the winter solstice.

2. Hence: Calm; quiet; peaceful; undisturbed; happy. "Deep, halcyon repose." De Quincy.

Hal`cy*o"ni*an (hl`s*"n*an), a. Halcyon; calm.

Hal"cy*o*noid (hl"s**noid), a. & n. [Halcyon + -oid.] (Zoˆl.) See Alcyonoid.

Hale (hl), a. [Written also hail.] [OE. heil, Icel. heill; akin to E. whole. See Whole.] Sound; entire; healthy; robust; not impaired; as, a hale body.

Last year we thought him strong and hale.

Swift.

Hale, n. Welfare. [Obs.]

All heedless of his dearest hale.

Spenser.

Hale (hl or hl; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Haled (hld or hld); p. pr. & vb. n. Haling.] [OE. halen, halien; cf. AS. holian, to acquire, get. See Haul.] To pull; to drag; to haul. See Haul. Chaucer.

Easier both to freight, and to hale ashore.

Milton.

As some dark priest hales the reluctant victim.

Shelley.

||Ha*le"si*a (h*l"zh*), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of American shrubs ||containing several species, called snowdrop trees, or silver-bell ||trees. They have showy, white flowers, drooping on slender pedicels.

Half (h‰f), a. [AS. healf, half, half; as a noun, half, side, part; akin to OS., OFries., & D. half, G. halb, Sw. half, Dan. halv, Icel. hlfr, Goth. halbs. Cf. Halve, Behalf.] 1. Consisting of a moiety, or half; as, a half bushel; a half hour; a half dollar; a half view.

The adjective and noun are often united to form a compound.

2. Consisting of some indefinite portion resembling a half; approximately a half, whether more or less; partial; imperfect; as, a half dream; half knowledge.

Assumed from thence a half consent.

Tennyson.

Half ape (Zoˆl.), a lemur. -- Half back. (Football) See under 2d Back. -- Half bent, the first notch, for the sear point to enter, in the tumbler of a gunlock; the halfcock notch. -- Half binding, a style of bookbinding in which only the back and corners are in leather. -- Half boarder, one who boards in part; specifically, a scholar at a boarding school who takes dinner only. -- Half-breadth plan (Shipbuilding), a horizontal plan of one half a vessel, divided lengthwise, showing the lines. -- Half cadence (Mus.), a cadence on the dominant. -- Half cap, a slight salute with the cap. [Obs.] Shak. -- At half cock, the position of the cock of a gun when retained by the first notch. -- Half hitch, a sailor's knot in a rope; half of a clove hitch. -- Half hose, short stockings; socks. -- Half measure, an imperfect or weak line of action. -- Half note (Mus.), a minim, one half of a semibreve. -- Half pay, half of the wages or salary; reduced pay; as, an officer on half pay. -- Half price, half the ordinary price; or a price much reduced. -- Half round. (a) (Arch.) A molding of semicircular section. (b) (Mech.) Having one side flat and the other rounded; -- said of a file. -- Half shift (Mus.), a position of the hand, between the open position and the first shift, in playing on the violin and kindred instruments. See Shift. -- Half step (Mus.), a semitone; the smallest difference of pitch or interval, used in music. -- Half tide, the time or state of the tide equally distant from ebb and flood. -- Half time, half the ordinary time for work or attendance; as, the half-time system. -- Half tint (Fine Arts), a middle or intermediate tint, as in drawing or painting. See Demitint. -- Half truth, a statement only partially true, or which gives only a part of the truth. Mrs. Browning. -- Half year, the space of six months; one term of a school when there are two terms in a year.

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Half, adv. In an equal part or degree; in some part approximating a half; partially; imperfectly; as, half-colored, half done, half-hearted, half persuaded, half conscious. "Half loth and half consenting." Dryden.

Their children spoke halfin the speech of Ashdod.

Neh. xiii. 24.

Half (h‰f), n.; pl. Halves (h‰vz). [AS. healf. See Half, a.] 1. Part; side; behalf. [Obs.] Wyclif.

The four halves of the house.

Chaucer.

2. One of two equal parts into which anything may be divided, or considered as divided; -- sometimes followed by of; as, a half of an apple.

Not half his riches known, and yet despised.

Milton.

A friendship so complete Portioned in halves between us.

Tennyson.

Better half. See under Better. - - In half, in two; an expression sometimes used improperly instead of in or into halves; as, to cut in half. [Colloq.] Dickens. -- In, or On, one's half, in one's behalf; on one's part. [Obs.] -- To cry halves, to claim an equal share with another. -- To go halves, to share equally between two.

Half, v. t. To halve. [Obs.] See Halve. Sir H. Wotton.

Half`-and-half", n. A mixture of two malt liquors, esp. porter and ale, in about equal parts. Dickens.

Half"beak` (h‰f"bk`), n. (Zoˆl.) Any slender, marine fish of the genus Hemirhamphus, having the upper jaw much shorter than the lower; -- called also balahoo.

Half" blood` (bld). 1. The relation between persons born of the same father or of the same mother, but not of both; as, a brother or sister of the half blood. See Blood, n., 2 and 4.

2. A person so related to another.

3. A person whose father and mother are of different races; a half-breed.

In the 2d and 3d senses usually with a hyphen.

Half"-blood`ed, a. 1. Proceeding from a male and female of different breeds or races; having only one parent of good stock; as, a half-blooded sheep.

2. Degenerate; mean. Shak.

Half"-boot` (-bt`), n. A boot with a short top covering only the ankle. See Cocker, and Congress boot, under Congress.

Half"-bound` (-bound`), n. Having only the back and corners in leather, as a book.

Half"-bred` (-brd`), a. 1. Half-blooded. [Obs.]

2. Imperfectly acquainted with the rules of good-breeding; not well trained. Atterbury.

Half"-breed` (-brd`), a. Half-blooded.

Half"-breed`, n. A person who is half-blooded; the offspring of parents of different races, especially of the American Indian and the white race.

Half"-broth`er (-brth`r), n. A brother by one parent, but not by both.

Half"-caste` (-kst), n. One born of a European parent on the one side, and of a Hindoo or Mohammedan on the other. Also adjective; as, half-caste parents.

Half"-clammed` (-klmd`), a. Half-filled. [Obs.]

Lions' half-clammed entrails roar for food.

Marston.

Half"cock` (-kk`), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Halfcocked(-kkt); p. pr. & vb. n. Halfcocking.] To set the cock of (a firearm) at the first notch.

To go off halfcocked. (a) To be discharged prematurely, or with the trigger at half cock; -- said of a firearm. (b) To do or say something without due thought or care. [Colloq. or Low]

Half"-cracked` (-krkt`), a. Half-demented; half-witted. [Colloq.]

Half"-deck` (-dk`), n. 1. (Zoˆl.) A shell of the genus Crepidula; a boat shell. See Boat shell.

2. See Half deck, under Deck.

Half"-decked` (-dkt), a. Partially decked.

The half-decked craft . . . used by the latter Vikings.

Elton.

Half"en (-'n), a. [From Half.] Wanting half its due qualities. [Obs.] Spenser.

Half"en*deal` (-'n*dl`), adv. [OE. halfendele. See Half, and Deal.] Half; by the half part. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- n. A half part. [Obs.] R. of Brunne.

Half"er (-r), n. 1. One who possesses or gives half only; one who shares. [Obs.] Bp. Montagu.

2. A male fallow deer gelded. Pegge (1814).

Half"-faced` (-fst`), a. Showing only part of the face; wretched looking; meager. Shak.

Half"-fish` (-fsh`), n. (Zoˆl.) A salmon in its fifth year of growth. [Prov. Eng.]

Half"-hatched` (-hcht`), a. Imperfectly hatched; as, half-hatched eggs. Gay.

Half"-heard` (-hrd`), a. Imperfectly or partly heard; not heard to the end.

And leave half-heard the melancholy tale.

Pope.

Half"-heart`ed (-h‰rt`d), a. 1. Wanting in heart or spirit; ungenerous; unkind. B. Jonson.

2. Lacking zeal or courage; lukewarm. H. James.

Half"-hour`ly (-our`l), a. Done or happening at intervals of half an hour.

Half"-learned` (h‰f"lrnd`), a. Imperfectly learned.

Half"-length` (-lngth`), a. Of half the whole or ordinary length, as a picture.

Half"-mast` (-mst`), n. A point some distance below the top of a mast or staff; as, a flag a half-mast (a token of mourning, etc.).

Half"-moon` (-mn`), n. 1. The moon at the quarters, when half its disk appears illuminated.

2. The shape of a half-moon; a crescent.

See how in warlike muster they appear, In rhombs, and wedges, and half-moons, and wings.

Milton.

3. (Fort.) An outwork composed of two faces, forming a salient angle whose gorge resembles a half-moon; -- now called a ravelin.

4. (Zoˆl.) A marine, sparoid, food fish of California (CÊsiosoma Californiense). The body is ovate, blackish above, blue or gray below. Called also medialuna.

Half"ness (h‰f"ns), n. The quality of being half; incompleteness. [R.]

As soon as there is any departure from simplicity, and attempt at halfness, or good for me that is not good for him, my neighbor feels the wrong.

Emerson.

Half"pace` (-ps`), n. (Arch.) A platform of a staircase where the stair turns back in exactly the reverse direction of the lower flight. See Quarterpace.

This term and quarterpace are rare or unknown in the United States, platform or landing being used instead.

Half"-pen*ny(h"pn*n or h‰f"-; 277),n.;pl. Half-pence (- pens) or Half-pennies(- pn*nz). An English coin of the value of half a penny; also, the value of half a penny.

Half"-pike` (h‰f"pk`), n. (Mil.) A short pike, sometimes carried by officers of infantry, sometimes used in boarding ships; a spontoon. Tatler.

Half"-port` (-prt`), n. (Naut.) One half of a shutter made in two parts for closing a porthole.

Half"-ray` (-r`), n. (Geom.) A straight line considered as drawn from a center to an indefinite distance in one direction, the complete ray being the whole line drawn to an indefinite distance in both directions.

Half"-read` (-rd`), a. Informed by insufficient reading; superficial; shallow. Dryden.

Half" seas` o"ver (sz` "vr). Half drunk. [Slang: used only predicatively.] Spectator.

Half"-sight`ed (-st`d), a. Seeing imperfectly; having weak discernment. Bacon.

Half"-sis`ter (-ss`tr), n. A sister by one parent only.

Half"-strained` (-strnd`), a. Half-bred; imperfect. [R.] "A half-strained villain." Dryden.

Half"-sword` (-srd`), n. Half the length of a sword; close fight. "At half- sword." Shak.

Half"-tim`bered (-tm`brd), a. (Arch.) Constructed of a timber frame, having the spaces filled in with masonry; -- said of buildings.

Half"-tongue` (-tng`), n. (O. Law) A jury, for the trial of a foreigner, composed equally of citizens and aliens.

Half"way` (h‰f"w`), adv. In the middle; at half the distance; imperfectly; partially; as, he halfway yielded.

Temples proud to meet their gods halfway.

Young.

Half"way`, a. Equally distant from the extremes; situated at an intermediate point; midway.

Halfway covenant, a practice among the Congregational churches of New England, between 1657 and 1662, of permitting baptized persons of moral life and orthodox faith to enjoy all the privileges of church membership, save the partaking of the Lord's Supper. They were also allowed to present their children for baptism. -- Halfway house, an inn or place of call midway on a journey.

Half"-wit` (-wt`), n. A foolish person; a dolt; a blockhead; a dunce. Dryden.

Half"-wit`ted (-td), a. Weak in intellect; silly.

Half"-year`ly (-yr`l), a. Two in a year; semiannual. -- adv. Twice in a year; semiannually.

Hal"i*but (hl"*bt; 277), n. [OE. hali holy + but, butte, flounder; akin to D. bot, G. butte; cf. D. heilbot, G. heilbutt. So named as being eaten on holidays. See Holy, Holiday.] (Zoˆl.) A large, northern, marine flatfish (Hippoglossus vulgaris), of the family PleuronectidÊ. It often grows very large, weighing more than three hundred pounds. It is an important food fish. [Written also holibut.]

||Hal`i*chon"dri*Ê (hl`*kn"dr*), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, ||sea + cho`ndros cartilage.] (Zoˆl.) An order of sponges, having ||simple siliceous spicules and keratose fibers; -- called also ||Keratosilicoidea.

||Hal"i*core (hl"*kr; L. h*lk"*r), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "a`ls sea + ko`rh ||maiden.] Same as Dugong.

Hal"i*dom (hl"*dm), n. [AS. hligdm holiness, sacrament, sanctuary, relics; hlig holy + - dm, E. -dom. See Holy.] 1. Holiness; sanctity; sacred oath; sacred things; sanctuary; -- used chiefly in oaths. [Archaic]

So God me help and halidom.

Piers Plowman.

By my halidom, I was fast asleep.

Shak.

2. Holy doom; the Last Day. [R.] Shipley.

Hal`i*eu"tics (-"tks), n. [L. halieuticus pertaining to fishing, Gr. "alieytiko`s.] A treatise upon fish or the art of fishing; ichthyology.

Hal"i*mas (-ms), a. [See Hallowmas.] The feast of All Saints; Hallowmas. [Obs.]

Ha`li*og"ra*pher (h`l*g"r*fr or hl`-), n. One who writes about or describes the sea.

Ha`li*og"ra*phy (-f), n. [Gr. "a`ls the sea + -graphy.] Description of the sea; the science that treats of the sea.

||Ha`li*o"tis (h`l*"ts or hl`-), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "a`ls sea + o'y^s, ||'wto`s, ear.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of marine shells; the ear-shells. See ||Abalone.

Ha"li*o*toid` (h"l**toid` or hl"-), a. [Haliotis + - oid.] (Zoˆl.) Like or pertaining to the genus Haliotis; ear-shaped.

||Hal`i*sau"ri*a (hl`*s"r*), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, sea + ||say^ros.] (Paleon.) The Enaliosauria.

Ha"lite (h"lt or hl"t), n. [Gr. "a`ls salt.] (Min.) Native salt; sodium chloride.

Ha*lit"u*ous (h*lt"*s; 135), a. [L. halitus breath, vapor, fr. halare to breathe: cf. F. halitueux.] Produced by, or like, breath; vaporous. Boyle.

Halk (hk), n. A nook; a corner. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hall (hl), n. [OE. halle, hal, AS. heal, heall; akin to D. hal, OS. & OHG. halla, G. halle, Icel. hˆll, and prob. from a root meaning, to hide, conceal, cover. See Hell, Helmet.] 1. A building or room of considerable size and stateliness, used for public purposes; as, Westminster Hall, in London.

2. (a) The chief room in a castle or manor house, and in early times the only public room, serving as the place of gathering for the lord's family with the retainers and servants, also for cooking and eating. It was often contrasted with the bower, which was the private or sleeping apartment.

Full sooty was her bower and eke her hall.

Chaucer.

Hence, as the entrance from outside was directly into the hall: (b) A vestibule, entrance room, etc., in the more elaborated buildings of later times. Hence: (c) Any corridor or passage in a building.

3. A name given to many manor houses because the magistrate's court was held in the hall of his mansion; a chief mansion house. Cowell.

4. A college in an English university (at Oxford, an unendowed college).

5. The apartment in which English university students dine in common; hence, the dinner itself; as, hall is at six o'clock.

6. Cleared passageway in a crowd; -- formerly an exclamation. [Obs.] "A hall! a hall!" B. Jonson.

Syn. -- Entry; court; passage. See Vestibule.

Hall"age (-j; 48), n. (O. Eng. Law) A fee or toll paid for goods sold in a hall.

{ Hal`le*lu"iah Hal`le*lu"jah } (hl`l*l"y), n. & interj. [Heb. See Alleluia.] Praise ye Jehovah; praise ye the Lord; -- an exclamation used chiefly in songs of praise or thanksgiving to God, and as an expression of gratitude or adoration. Rev. xix. 1 (Rev. Ver.)

So sung they, and the empyrean rung With Hallelujahs.

Milton.

In those days, as St. Jerome tells us,"any one as he walked in the fields, might hear the plowman at his hallelujahs."

Sharp.

Hal`le*lu*jat"ic (-l*yt"k), a. Pertaining to, or containing, hallelujahs. [R.]

Hal"liard (hl"yrd), n. See Halyard.

Hal"li*dome (hl"l*dm), n. Same as Halidom.

Hal"li*er (hl"l*r or hl"yr), n. [From Hale to pull.] A kind of net for catching birds.

Hall"-mark` (hl"m‰rk`), n. The official stamp of the Goldsmiths' Company and other assay offices, in the United Kingdom, on gold and silver articles, attesting their purity. Also used figuratively; -- as, a word or phrase lacks the hall-mark of the best writers.

Hal*loa" (hl*l"). See Halloo.

Hal*loo" (hl*l"), n. [Perh. fr. ah + lo; cf. AS. eal, G. halloh, F. haler to set (a dog) on. Cf. Hollo, interj.] A loud exclamation; a call to invite attention or to incite a person or an animal; a shout.

List! List! I hear Some far off halloo break the silent air.

Milton.

Hal*loo", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hallooed (-ld"); p. pr. & vb. n. Hallooing.] To cry out; to exclaim with a loud voice; to call to a person, as by the word halloo.

Country folks hallooed and hooted after me.

Sir P. Sidney.

Hal*loo", v. t. 1. To encourage with shouts.

Old John hallooes his hounds again.

Prior.

2. To chase with shouts or outcries.

If I fly . . . Halloo me like a hare.

Shak.

3. To call or shout to; to hail. Shak.

Hal*loo", interj. [OE. halow. See Halloo, n.] An exclamation to call attention or to encourage one.

Hal"low (hl"l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hallowed(-ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Hallowing.] [OE. halowen, halwien, halgien, AS. hlgian, fr. hlig holy. See Holy.] To make holy; to set apart for holy or religious use; to consecrate; to treat or keep as sacred; to reverence. "Hallowed be thy name." Matt. vi. 9.

Hallow the Sabbath day, to do no work therein.

Jer. xvii. 24.

His secret altar touched with hallowed fire.

Milton.

In a larger sense . . . we can not hallow this ground [Gettysburg].

A. Lincoln.

Hal`low*een" (hl`l*n"), n. The evening preceding Allhallows or All Saints' Day. [Scot.] Burns.

Hal"low*mas (hl"l*ms), n. [See Mass the eucharist.] The feast of All Saints, or Allhallows.

To speak puling, like a beggar at Hallowmas.

Shak.

Hal*loy"site (hl*loi"st), n. [Named after Omalius d'Halloy.] (Min.) A claylike mineral, occurring in soft, smooth, amorphous masses, of a whitish color.

Hal"lu*cal (hl"l*kal), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the hallux.

Hal*lu"ci*nate (hl*l"s*nt), v. i. [L. hallucinatus, alucinatus, p. p. of hallucinari, alucinari, to wander in mind, talk idly, dream.] To wander; to go astray; to err; to blunder; -- used of mental processes. [R.] Byron.

Hal*lu`ci*na"tion (-n"shn), n. [L. hallucinatio: cf. F. hallucination.] 1. The act of hallucinating; a wandering of the mind; error; mistake; a blunder.

This must have been the hallucination of the transcriber.

Addison.

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2. (Med.) The perception of objects which have no reality, or of sensations which have no corresponding external cause, arising from disorder of the nervous system, as in delirium tremens; delusion.

Hallucinations are always evidence of cerebral derangement and are common phenomena of insanity.

W. A. Hammond.

Hal*lu"ci*na`tor (hl*l"s*n`tr), n. [L.] One whose judgment and acts are affected by hallucinations; one who errs on account of his hallucinations. N. Brit. Rev.

Hal*lu"ci*na*to*ry (-n*t*r), a. Partaking of, or tending to produce, hallucination.

||Hal"lux (hl"lks), n. [NL., fr. L. hallex, allex.] (Anat.) The first, ||or preaxial, digit of the hind limb, corresponding to the pollux in ||the fore limb; the great toe; the hind toe of birds.

Halm (hm), n. (Bot.) Same as Haulm.

||Hal"ma (hl"m), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "a`lma, fr. "a`llesqai to leap.] ||(Greek Antiq.) The long jump, with weights in the hands, -- the most ||important of the exercises of the Pentathlon.

Ha"lo (h"l), n.; pl. Halos (-lz). [L. halos, acc. halo, Gr. "a`lws a thrashing floor, also (from its round shape) the disk of the sun or moon, and later a halo round it; cf. Gr. e'ily`ein to enfold, 'ely`ein to roll round, L. volvere, and E. voluble.] 1. A luminous circle, usually prismatically colored, round the sun or moon, and supposed to be caused by the refraction of light through crystals of ice in the atmosphere. Connected with halos there are often white bands, crosses, or arches, resulting from the same atmospheric conditions.

2. A circle of light; especially, the bright ring represented in painting as surrounding the heads of saints and other holy persons; a glory; a nimbus.

3. An ideal glory investing, or affecting one's perception of, an object.

4. A colored circle around a nipple; an areola.

Ha"lo, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Haloed (-ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Haloing.] To form, or surround with, a halo; to encircle with, or as with, a halo.

The fire That haloed round his saintly brow.

Southey.

Ha"loed (h"ld), a. Surrounded with a halo; invested with an ideal glory; glorified.

Some haloed face bending over me.

C. BrontÈ.

Hal"o*gen (hl"*jn), n. [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + -gen: cf. F. halogËne.] (Chem.) An electro-negative element or radical, which, by combination with a metal, forms a haloid salt; especially, chlorine, bromine, and iodine; sometimes, also, fluorine and cyanogen. See Chlorine family, under Chlorine.

Ha*log"e*nous (h*lj"*ns), a. Of the nature of a halogen.

Ha"loid (h"loid or hl"oid), a. [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s salt + -oid: cf. F. haloÔde.] (Chem.) Resembling salt; -- said of certain binary compounds consisting of a metal united to a negative element or radical, and now chiefly applied to the chlorides, bromides, iodides, and sometimes also to the fluorides and cyanides. -- n. A haloid substance.

Hal"o*man`cy (hl"*mn`s), n. See Alomancy.

Ha*lom"e*ter (h*lm"*tr), n. [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + -meter.] An instrument for measuring the forms and angles of salts and crystals; a goniometer.

||Ha*lo"nes (h*l"nz), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "a`lwn, "a`lwnos, a halo.] ||(Biol.) Alternating transparent and opaque white rings which are seen ||outside the blastoderm, on the surface of the developing egg of the ||hen and other birds.

Hal"o*phyte (hl"*ft), n. [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + fyto`n a plant.] (Bot.) A plant found growing in salt marshes, or in the sea.

Ha"lo*scope (h"l*skp), n. [Halo + -scope.] An instrument for exhibition or illustration of the phenomena of halos, parhelia, and the like.

Hal*o*tri"chite (hl**tr"kt), n. [Gr. "a`ls sea + qri`x, tricho`s, hair.] (Min.) An iron alum occurring in silky fibrous aggregates of a yellowish white color.

Ha*lox"y*line, n. [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + xy`lon wood.] An explosive mixture, consisting of sawdust, charcoal, niter, and ferrocyanide of potassium, used as a substitute for gunpowder.

Halp (h‰lp), imp. of Help. Helped. [Obs.]

Hal"pace (hl"ps), n. (Arch.) See Haut pas.

Hals (hls), n. [AS. heals; akin to D., G., & Goth. hals. See Collar.] The neck or throat. [Obs.]

Do me hangen by the hals.

Chaucer.

Halse (hls), v. t. [AS. healsian.] 1. To embrace about the neck; to salute; to greet. [Obs.]

Each other kissed glad And lovely halst.

Spenser.

2. To adjure; to beseech; to entreat. [Obs.]

O dere child, I halse thee, In virtue of the Holy Trinity.

Chaucer.

Halse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Halsed (hlst); p. pr. & vb. n. Halsing.] [Cf. Hawser.] To haul; to hoist. [Obs.] Grafton

Hal"sen*ing (hl"sn*ng), a. Sounding harshly in the throat; inharmonious; rough. [Obs.] Carew.

Hals"er (hs"r), n. See Hawser. Pope.

Halt (hlt), 3d pers. sing. pres. of Hold, contraction for holdeth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Halt (hlt), n. [Formerly alt, It. alto, G. halt, fr. halten to hold. See Hold.] A stop in marching or walking, or in any action; arrest of progress.

Without any halt they marched.

Clarendon.

[Lovers] soon in passion's war contest, Yet in their march soon make a halt.

Davenant.

Halt, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Halted; p. pr. & vb. n. Halting.] 1. To hold one's self from proceeding; to hold up; to cease progress; to stop for a longer or shorter period; to come to a stop; to stand still.

2. To stand in doubt whether to proceed, or what to do; to hesitate; to be uncertain.

How long halt ye between two opinions?

1 Kings xviii. 21.

Halt (hlt), v. t. (Mil.) To cause to cease marching; to stop; as, the general halted his troops for refreshment.

Halt, a. [AS. healt; akin to OS., Dan., & Sw. halt, Icel. haltr, halltr, Goth. halts, OHG. halz.] Halting or stopping in walking; lame.

Bring in hither the poor, and the maimed, and the halt, and the blind.

Luke xiv. 21.

Halt, n. The act of limping; lameness.

Halt, v. i. [OE. halten, AS. healtian. See Halt, a.]

1. To walk lamely; to limp.

2. To have an irregular rhythm; to be defective.

The blank verse shall halt for it.

Shak.

Halt"er (-r), n. One who halts or limps; a cripple.

Hal"ter (hl"tr), n. [OE. halter, helter, helfter, AS. hÊlftre; akin to G. halfter, D. halfter, halster, and also to E. helve. See Helve.] A strong strap or cord. Especially: (a) A rope or strap, with or without a headstall, for leading or tying a horse. (b) A rope for hanging malefactors; a noose. Shak.

No man e'er felt the halter draw With good opinion of the law.

Trumbull.

Hal"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Haltered (-trd); p. pr. & vb. n. Haltering.] To tie by the neck with a rope, strap, or halter; to put a halter on; to subject to a hangman's halter. "A haltered neck." Shak.

||Hal*te"res (hl*t"rz), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "alth^res weights used in ||jumping, fr. "a`llesqai to leap.] (Zoˆl.) Balancers; the rudimentary ||hind wings of Diptera.

Hal"ter-sack` (hl"tr*sk`), n. A term of reproach, implying that one is fit to be hanged. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Halt"ing*ly (hlt"ng*l), adv. In a halting or limping manner.

Hal"vans (hl"vanz), n. pl. (Mining) Impure ore; dirty ore. Raymond.

Hal"ve (h‰l"ve), n. A half. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Halve (h‰v), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Halved (h‰vd); p. pr. & vb. n. Halving.] [From Half.] 1. To divide into two equal parts; as, to halve an apple; to be or form half of.

So far apart their lives are thrown From the twin soul that halves their own.

M. Arnold.

2. (Arch.) To join, as two pieces of timber, by cutting away each for half its thickness at the joining place, and fitting together.

Halved (h‰vd), a. Appearing as if one side, or one half, were cut away; dimidiate.

Halves (h‰vz), n., pl. of Half.

By halves, by one half at once; halfway; fragmentarily; partially; incompletely.

I can not believe by halves; either I have faith, or I have it not.

J. H. Newman.

To go halves. See under Go.

Hal"we (h‰l"we), n. [OE., fr. AS. hlga. See Holy.] A saint. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hal"yard (hl"yrd), n. [Hale, v. t. + yard.] (Naut.) A rope or tackle for hoisting or lowering yards, sails, flags, etc. [Written also halliard, haulyard.]

||Hal`y*si"tes (hl`*s"tz), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "a`lysis a chain.] ||(Paleon.) A genus of Silurian fossil corals; the chain corals. See ||Chain coral, under Chain.

Ham (h‰m), n. Home. [North of Eng.] Chaucer.

Ham (hm), n. [AS. ham; akin to D. ham, dial. G. hamme, OHG. hamma. Perh. named from the bend at the ham, and akin to E. chamber. Cf. Gammon ham.]

1. (Anat.) The region back of the knee joint; the popliteal space; the hock.

2. The thigh of any animal; especially, the thigh of a hog cured by salting and smoking.

A plentiful lack of wit, together with most weak hams.

Shak.

Ham"a*dry`ad (hm"*dr`d), n.; pl. E. Hamadryads (- dz), L. Hamadryades (- dr"*dz). [L. Hamadryas, -adis, Gr. "Amadrya`s; "a`ma together + dry^s oak, tree: cf. F. hamadryade. See Same, and Tree.]

1. (Class. Myth.) A tree nymph whose life ended with that of the particular tree, usually an oak, which had been her abode.

2. (Zoˆl.) A large venomous East Indian snake (Ophiophagus bungarus), allied to the cobras.

||Ha*ma"dry*as (h*m"dr*s), n. [L., a hamadryad. See Hamadryad.] (Zoˆl.) ||The sacred baboon of Egypt (Cynocephalus Hamadryas).

Ham`a*me"lis (hm`*m"ls), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "amamhli`s a kind of medlar or service tree; "a`ma at the same time + mh^lon an apple, any tree fruit.] (Bot.) A genus of plants which includes the witch-hazel (Hamamelis Virginica), a preparation of which is used medicinally.

Ha"mate (h"mt), a. [L. hamatus, fr. hamus hook.] Hooked; bent at the end into a hook; hamous.

Ha"ma*ted (h"m*td), a. Hooked, or set with hooks; hamate. Swift.

||Ha*ma"tum (h*m"tm), n. [NL., fr. L. hamatus hooked.] (Anat.) See ||Unciform.

Ham"ble (hm"b'l), v. t. [OE. hamelen to mutilate, AS. hamelian; akin to OHG. hamaln to mutilate, hamal mutilated, ham mutilated, Icel. hamla to mutilate. Cf.Hamper to fetter.] To hamstring. [Obs.]

Ham"burg (-b˚rg), n. A commercial city of Germany, near the mouth of the Elbe.

Black Hamburg grape. See under Black. -- Hamburg edging, a kind of embroidered work done by machinery on cambric or muslin; -- used for trimming. -- Hamburg lake, a purplish crimson pigment resembling cochineal.

Hame (hm), n. Home. [Scot. & O. Eng.]

Hame, n. [Scot. haims, hammys, hems, OE. ham; cf. D. haam.] One of the two curved pieces of wood or metal, in the harness of a draught horse, to which the traces are fastened. They are fitted upon the collar, or have pads fitting the horse's neck attached to them.

Ham"el (hm"l), v. t. [Obs.] Same as Hamble.

{ Hame"seck`en (hm"sk`'n), Hame"suck`en (-sk`'n), } n. [AS. hmscn. See Home, and Seek.] (Scots Law) The felonious seeking and invasion of a person in his dwelling house. Bouvier.

Ha"mi*form (h"m*fÙrm), a. [L. hamus hook + -form.] Hook-shaped.

Ham"il*ton pe"ri*od (hm"l*tn p"r*d). (Geol.) A subdivision of the Devonian system of America; -- so named from Hamilton, Madison Co., New York. It includes the Marcellus, Hamilton, and Genesee epochs or groups. See the Chart of Geology.

||Ham`i*nu"ra (hm`*n"r), n. (Zoˆl.) A large edible river fish ||(Erythrinus macrodon) of Guiana.

Ha"mite (h"mt), n.[L. hamus hook.] (Paleon.) A fossil cephalopod of the genus Hamites, related to the ammonites, but having the last whorl bent into a hooklike form.

Ham"ite (hm"t), n. A descendant of Ham, Noah's second son. See Gen. x. 6- 20.

Ham*it"ic (hm*t"k), a. Pertaining to Ham or his descendants.

Hamitic languages, the group of languages spoken mainly in the Sahara, Egypt, Galla, and Som‚li Land, and supposed to be allied to the Semitic. Keith Johnston.

Ham"let (hm"lt), n. [OE. hamelet, OF. hamelet, dim. of hamel, F. hameau, LL. hamellum, a dim. of German origin; cf. G. heim home. &radic;220. See Home.] A small village; a little cluster of houses in the country.

The country wasted, and the hamlets burned.

Dryden.

Syn. -- Village; neighborhood. See Village.

Ham"let*ed, p. a. Confined to a hamlet. Feltham.

Ham"mer (-mr), n. [OE. hamer, AS. hamer, hamor; akin to D. hamer, G. & Dan. hammer, Sw. hammare, Icel. hamarr, hammer, crag, and perh. to Gr. 'a`kmwn anvil, Skr. aÁman stone.] 1. An instrument for driving nails, beating metals, and the like, consisting of a head, usually of steel or iron, fixed crosswise to a handle.

With busy hammers closing rivets up.

Shak.

2. Something which in form or action resembles the common hammer; as: (a) That part of a clock which strikes upon the bell to indicate the hour. (b) The padded mallet of a piano, which strikes the wires, to produce the tones. (c) (Anat.) The malleus. See under Ear. (d) (Gun.) That part of a gunlock which strikes the percussion cap, or firing pin; the cock; formerly, however, a piece of steel covering the pan of a flintlock musket and struck by the flint of the cock to ignite the priming. (e) Also, a person or thing that smites or shatters; as, St. Augustine was the hammer of heresies.

He met the stern legionaries [of Rome] who had been the "massive iron hammers" of the whole earth.

J. H. Newman.

Atmospheric hammer, a dead-stroke hammer in which the spring is formed by confined air. -- Drop hammer, Face hammer, etc. See under Drop, Face, etc. -- Hammer fish. See Hammerhead. -- Hammer hardening, the process of hardening metal by hammering it when cold. -- Hammer shell (Zoˆl.), any species of Malleus, a genus of marine bivalve shells, allied to the pearl oysters, having the wings narrow and elongated, so as to give them a hammer-shaped outline; -- called also hammer oyster. -- To bring to the hammer, to put up at auction.

Ham"mer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hammered (-mrd); p. pr. & vb. n. Hammering.] 1. To beat with a hammer; to beat with heavy blows; as, to hammer iron.

2. To form or forge with a hammer; to shape by beating. "Hammered money." Dryden.

3. To form in the mind; to shape by hard intellectual labor; -- usually with out.

Who was hammering out a penny dialogue.

Jeffry.

Ham"mer, v. i. 1. To be busy forming anything; to labor hard as if shaping something with a hammer.

Whereon this month I have been hammering.

Shak.

2. To strike repeated blows, literally or figuratively.

Blood and revenge are hammering in my head.

Shak.

Ham"mer*a*ble (-*b'l), a. Capable of being formed or shaped by a hammer. Sherwood.

Ham"mer-beam` (-bm`), n. (Gothic Arch.) A member of one description of roof truss, called hammer-beam truss, which is so framed as not to have a tiebeam at the top of the wall. Each principal has two hammer-beams, which occupy the situation, and to some extent serve the purpose, of a tiebeam.

Ham"mer*cloth` (-klth; 115), n. [Prob. fr. D. hemel heaven, canopy, tester (akin to G. himmel, and perh. also to E. heaven) + E. cloth; or perh. a corruption of hamper cloth.] The cloth which covers a coach box.

Ham"mer-dressed` (-drst`), a. Having the surface roughly shaped or faced with the stonecutter's hammer; -- said of building stone.

Ham"mer*er (-r), n. One who works with a hammer.

Ham"mer-hard`en (-h‰rd`'n), v. t. To harden, as a metal, by hammering it in the cold state.

Ham"mer*head` (-hd`), n. 1. (Zoˆl.) A shark of the genus Sphyrna or ZygÊna, having the eyes set on projections from the sides of the head, which gives it a hammer shape. The Sphyrna zygÊna is found in the North Atlantic. Called also hammer fish, and balance fish.

<! p. 667 pr=JMD !>

2. (Zoˆl.) A fresh-water fish; the stone-roller.

3. (Zoˆl.) An African fruit bat (Hypsignathus monstrosus); -- so called from its large blunt nozzle.

Ham"mer*kop (hm"mr*kp), n. (Zoˆl.) A bird of the Heron family; the umber.

Ham"mer-less, a. (Firearms) Without a visible hammer; -- said of a gun having a cock or striker concealed from sight, and out of the way of an accidental touch.

Ham"mer*man (-man), n.; pl. Hammermen (-men). A hammerer; a forgeman.

||Ham`mo*chry"sos (hm`m*kr"ss), n. [L., fr. Gr. "ammo`chrysos; "a`mmos, ||'a`mmos, sand + chryso`s gold.] A stone with spangles of gold color ||in it.

Ham"mock (hm"mk), n. [A word of Indian origin: cf. Sp. hamaca. Columbus, in the Narrative of his first voyage, says: "A great many Indians in canoes came to the ship to-day for the purpose of bartering their cotton, and hamacas, or nets, in which they sleep."] 1. A swinging couch or bed, usually made of netting or canvas about six feet long and three feet wide, suspended by clews or cords at the ends.

2. A piece of land thickly wooded, and usually covered with bushes and vines. Used also adjectively; as, hammock land. [Southern U. S.] Bartlett.

Hammock nettings (Naut.), formerly, nets for stowing hammocks; now, more often, wooden boxes or a trough on the rail, used for that purpose.

{ Ha*mose" (h*ms"), Ha"mous (h"ms), }[L. hamus hook.] (Bot.) Having the end hooked or curved.

Ham"per (hm"pr), n. [Contr. fr. hanaper.] A large basket, usually with a cover, used for the packing and carrying of articles; as, a hamper of wine; a clothes hamper; an oyster hamper, which contains two bushels.

Ham"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hampered (-prd); p. pr. & vb. n. Hampering.] To put in a hamper.

Ham"per, v. t. [OE. hamperen, hampren, prob. of the same origin as E. hamble.] To put a hamper or fetter on; to shackle; to insnare; to inveigle; to entangle; hence, to impede in motion or progress; to embarrass; to encumber. "Hampered nerves." Blackmore.

A lion hampered in a net.

L'Estrange.

They hamper and entangle our souls.

Tillotson.

Ham"per, n. [See Hamper to shackle.] 1. A shackle; a fetter; anything which impedes. W. Browne.

2. (Naut.) Articles ordinarily indispensable, but in the way at certain times. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Top hamper (Naut.), unnecessary spars and rigging kept aloft.

Ham"shac`kle (hm"shk`'l), v. t. [Ham + shackle.] To fasten (an animal) by a rope binding the head to one of the fore legs; as, to hamshackle a horse or cow; hence, to bind or restrain; to curb.

Ham"ster (-str), n. [G. hamster.] (Zoˆl.) A small European rodent (Cricetus frumentarius). It is remarkable for having a pouch on each side of the jaw, under the skin, and for its migrations.

Ham"string` (hm"strng`), n. (Anat.) One of the great tendons situated in each side of the ham, or space back of the knee, and connected with the muscles of the back of the thigh.

Ham"string`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hamstrung; p. pr. & vb. n. Hamstringing. See String.] To lame or disable by cutting the tendons of the ham or knee; to hough; hence, to cripple; to incapacitate; to disable.

So have they hamstrung the valor of the subject by seeking to effeminate us all at home.

Milton.

Ham"u*lar (hm"*lr), a. Hooked; hooklike; hamate; as, the hamular process of the sphenoid bone.

Ham"u*late (-lt), a. Furnished with a small hook; hook-shaped. Gray.

Ham"ule (-l), n. [L. hamulus.] A little hook.

Ham"u*lose` (-*ls`), a. [L. hamulus, dim. of hamus a hook.] Bearing a small hook at the end. Gray.

||Ham"u*lus (-ls), n.; pl. Hamuli (-l). [L., a little hook.] 1. (Anat.) ||A hook, or hooklike process.

2. (Zoˆl.) A hooked barbicel of a feather.

Han (hn), contr. inf. & plural pres. of Haven. To have; have. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

Him thanken all, and thus they han an end.

Chaucer.

Han"ap (-p), n. [F. hanap. See Hanaper.] A rich goblet, esp. one used on state occasions. [Obs.]

Han"a*per (-*pr), n. [LL. hanaperium a large vase, fr. hanapus vase, bowl, cup (whence F. hanap); of German origin; cf. OHG. hnapf, G. napf, akin to AS. hnÊp cup, bowl. Cf. Hamper, Nappy, n.] A kind of basket, usually of wickerwork, and adapted for the packing and carrying of articles; a hamper.

Hanaper office, an office of the English court of chancery in which writs relating to the business of the public, and the returns to them, were anciently kept in a hanaper or hamper. Blackstone.

Hance (hns), v. t. [See Enhance.] To raise; to elevate. [Obs.] Lydgate.

{ Hance (hns), Hanch (hnch), } n. [See Hanse.] 1. (Arch.) See Hanse.

2. (Naut.) A sudden fall or break, as the fall of the fife rail down to the gangway.

Hand (hnd), n. [AS. hand, hond; akin to D., G., & Sw. hand, OHG. hant, Dan. haand, Icel. hˆnd, Goth. handus, and perh. to Goth. hin˛an to seize (in comp.). Cf. Hunt.] 1. That part of the fore limb below the forearm or wrist in man and monkeys, and the corresponding part in many other animals; manus; paw. See Manus.

2. That which resembles, or to some extent performs the office of, a human hand; as: (a) A limb of certain animals, as the foot of a hawk, or any one of the four extremities of a monkey. (b) An index or pointer on a dial; as, the hour or minute hand of a clock.

3. A measure equal to a hand's breadth, -- four inches; a palm. Chiefly used in measuring the height of horses.

4. Side; part; direction, either right or left.

On this hand and that hand, were hangings.

Ex. xxxviii. 15.

The Protestants were then on the winning hand.

Milton.

5. Power of performance; means of execution; ability; skill; dexterity.

He had a great mind to try his hand at a Spectator.

Addison.

6. Actual performance; deed; act; workmanship; agency; hence, manner of performance.

To change the hand in carrying on the war.

Clarendon.

Gideon said unto God, If thou wilt save Israel by my hand.

Judges vi. 36.

7. An agent; a servant, or laborer; a workman, trained or competent for special service or duty; a performer more or less skillful; as, a deck hand; a farm hand; an old hand at speaking.

A dictionary containing a natural history requires too many hands, as well as too much time, ever to be hoped for.

Locke.

I was always reckoned a lively hand at a simile.

Hazlitt.

8. Handwriting; style of penmanship; as, a good, bad, or running hand. Hence, a signature.

I say she never did invent this letter; This is a man's invention and his hand.

Shak.

Some writs require a judge's hand.

Burril.

9. Personal possession; ownership; hence, control; direction; management; -- usually in the plural. "Receiving in hand one year's tribute." Knolles.

Albinus . . . found means to keep in his hands the government of Britain.

Milton.

10. Agency in transmission from one person to another; as, to buy at first hand, that is, from the producer, or when new; at second hand, that is, when no longer in the producer's hand, or when not new.

11. Rate; price. [Obs.] "Business is bought at a dear hand, where there is small dispatch." Bacon.

12. That which is, or may be, held in a hand at once; as: (a) (Card Playing) The quota of cards received from the dealer. (b) (Tobacco Manuf.) A bundle of tobacco leaves tied together.

13. (Firearms) The small part of a gunstock near the lock, which is grasped by the hand in taking aim.

Hand is used figuratively for a large variety of acts or things, in the doing, or making, or use of which the hand is in some way employed or concerned; also, as a symbol to denote various qualities or conditions, as: (a) Activity; operation; work; -- in distinction from the head, which implies thought, and the heart, which implies affection. "His hand will be against every man." Gen. xvi. 12.(b) Power; might; supremacy; -- often in the Scriptures. "With a mighty hand . . . will I rule over you." Ezek. xx. 33. (c) Fraternal feeling; as, to give, or take, the hand; to give the right hand. (d) Contract; -- commonly of marriage; as, to ask the hand; to pledge the hand.

Hand is often used adjectively or in compounds (with or without the hyphen), signifying performed by the hand; as, hand blow or hand-blow, hand gripe or hand-gripe: used by, or designed for, the hand; as, hand ball or handball, hand bow, hand fetter, hand grenade or hand-grenade, handgun or hand gun, handloom or hand loom, handmill or hand organ or handorgan, handsaw or hand saw, hand-weapon: measured or regulated by the hand; as, handbreadth or hand's breadth, hand gallop or hand-gallop. Most of the words in the following paragraph are written either as two words or in combination.

Hand bag, a satchel; a small bag for carrying books, papers, parcels, etc. -- Hand basket, a small or portable basket. -- Hand bell, a small bell rung by the hand; a table bell. Bacon. -- Hand bill, a small pruning hook. See 4th Bill. -- Hand car. See under Car. -- Hand director (Mus.), an instrument to aid in forming a good position of the hands and arms when playing on the piano; a hand guide. -- Hand drop. See Wrist drop. -- Hand gallop. See under Gallop. -- Hand gear (Mach.), apparatus by means of which a machine, or parts of a machine, usually operated by other power, may be operated by hand. -- Hand glass. (a) A glass or small glazed frame, for the protection of plants. (b) A small mirror with a handle. -- Hand guide. Same as Hand director (above). -- Hand language, the art of conversing by the hands, esp. as practiced by the deaf and dumb; dactylology. -- Hand lathe. See under Lathe. -- Hand money, money paid in hand to bind a contract; earnest money. -- Hand organ (Mus.), a barrel organ, operated by a crank turned by hand. -- Hand plant. (Bot.) Same as Hand tree (below). -- Hand rail, a rail, as in staircases, to hold by. Gwilt. -- Hand sail, a sail managed by the hand. Sir W. Temple. -- Hand screen, a small screen to be held in the hand. -- Hand screw, a small jack for raising heavy timbers or weights; (Carp.) a screw clamp. -- Hand staff (pl. Hand staves), a javelin. Ezek. xxxix. 9. -- Hand stamp, a small stamp for dating, addressing, or canceling papers, envelopes, etc. -- Hand tree (Bot.), a lofty tree found in Mexico (Cheirostemon platanoides), having red flowers whose stamens unite in the form of a hand. -- Hand vise, a small vise held in the hand in doing small work. Moxon. -- Hand work, or Handwork, work done with the hands, as distinguished from work done by a machine; handiwork. -- All hands, everybody; all parties. -- At all hands, On all hands, on all sides; from every direction; generally. -- At any hand, At no hand, in any (or no) way or direction; on any account; on no account. "And therefore at no hand consisting with the safety and interests of humility." Jer. Taylor. -- At first hand, At second hand. See def. 10 (above). -- At hand. (a) Near in time or place; either present and within reach, or not far distant. "Your husband is at hand; I hear his trumpet." Shak. (b) Under the hand or bridle. [Obs.] "Horses hot at hand." Shak. -- At the hand of, by the act of; as a gift from. "Shall we receive good at the hand of God and shall we not receive evil?" Job ii. 10. -- Bridle hand. See under Bridle. -- By hand, with the hands, in distinction from instrumentality of tools, engines, or animals; as, to weed a garden by hand; to lift, draw, or carry by hand. -- Clean hands, freedom from guilt, esp. from the guilt of dishonesty in money matters, or of bribe taking. "He that hath clean hands shall be stronger and stronger." Job xvii. 9. -- From hand to hand, from one person to another. -- Hand in hand. (a) In union; conjointly; unitedly. Swift. (b) Just; fair; equitable.

As fair and as good, a kind of hand in hand comparison.

Shak.

-- Hand over hand, Hand over fist, by passing the hands alternately one before or above another; as, to climb hand over hand; also, rapidly; as, to come up with a chase hand over hand. -- Hand over head, negligently; rashly; without seeing what one does. [Obs.] Bacon. -- Hand running, consecutively; as, he won ten times hand running. -- Hands off! keep off! forbear! no interference or meddling! -- Hand to hand, in close union; in close fight; as, a hand to hand contest. Dryden. -- Heavy hand, severity or oppression. -- In hand. (a) Paid down. "A considerable reward in hand, and . . . a far greater reward hereafter." Tillotson. (b) In preparation; taking place. Chaucer. "Revels . . . in hand." Shak. (c) Under consideration, or in the course of transaction; as, he has the business in hand. -- In one's hand or hands. (a) In one's possession or keeping. (b) At one's risk, or peril; as, I took my life in my hand. -- Laying on of hands, a form used in consecrating to office, in the rite of confirmation, and in blessing persons. -- Light hand, gentleness; moderation. -- Note of hand, a promissory note. -- Off hand, Out of hand, forthwith; without delay, hesitation, or difficulty; promptly. "She causeth them to be hanged up out of hand." Spenser. -- Off one's hands, out of one's possession or care. -- On hand, in present possession; as, he has a supply of goods on hand. -- On one's hands, in one's possession care, or management. -- Putting the hand under the thigh, an ancient Jewish ceremony used in swearing. -- Right hand, the place of honor, power, and strength. -- Slack hand, idleness; carelessness; inefficiency; sloth. -- Strict hand, severe discipline; rigorous government. -- To bear a hand (Naut.), to give help quickly; to hasten. -- To bear in hand, to keep in expectation with false pretenses. [Obs.] Shak. -- To be hand and glove, or in glove, with. See under Glove. -- To be on the mending hand, to be convalescent or improving. -- To bring up by hand, to feed (an infant) without suckling it. -- To change hand. See Change. -- To change hands, to change sides, or change owners. Hudibras. -- To clap the hands, to express joy or applause, as by striking the palms of the hands together. -- To come to hand, to be received; to be taken into possession; as, the letter came to hand yesterday. -- To get hand, to gain influence. [Obs.]

Appetites have . . . got such a hand over them.

Baxter.

-- To get one's hand in, to make a beginning in a certain work; to become accustomed to a particular business. -- To have a hand in, to be concerned in; to have a part or concern in doing; to have an agency or be employed in. -- To have in hand. (a) To have in one's power or control. Chaucer. (b) To be engaged upon or occupied with. -- To have one's hands full, to have in hand all that one can do, or more than can be done conveniently; to be pressed with labor or engagements; to be surrounded with difficulties. -- To have, or get, the (higher) upper hand, to have, or get, the better of another person or thing. -- To his hand, To my hand, etc., in readiness; already prepared. "The work is made to his hands." Locke. -- To hold hand, to compete successfully or on even conditions. [Obs.] Shak. -- To lay hands on, to seize; to assault. -- To lend a hand, to give assistance. -- To lift, or put forth, the hand against, to attack; to oppose; to kill. -- To live from hand to mouth, to obtain food and other necessaries as want compels, without previous provision. - - To make one's hand, to gain advantage or profit. -- To put the hand unto, to steal. Ex. xxii. 8.-- To put the last, or finishing, hand to, to make the last corrections in; to complete; to perfect. -- To set the hand to, to engage in; to undertake.

That the Lord thy God may bless thee in all that thou settest thine hand to.

Deut. xxiii. 20.

-- To stand one in hand, to concern or affect one. -- To strike hands, to make a contract, or to become surety for another's debt or good behavior. -- To take in hand. (a) To attempt or undertake. (b) To seize and deal with; as, he took him in hand. -- To wash the hands of, to disclaim or renounce interest in, or responsibility for, a person or action; as, to wash one's hands of a business. Matt. xxvii. 24. -- Under the hand of, authenticated by the handwriting or signature of; as, the deed is executed under the hand and seal of the owner.

Hand (hnd), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handed; p. pr. & vb. n. Handing.] 1. To give, pass, or transmit with the hand; as, he handed them the letter.

2. To lead, guide, or assist with the hand; to conduct; as, to hand a lady into a carriage.

3. To manage; as, I hand my oar. [Obs.] Prior.

4. To seize; to lay hands on. [Obs.] Shak.

5. To pledge by the hand; to handfast. [R.]

6. (Naut.) To furl; -- said of a sail. Totten.

To hand down, to transmit in succession, as from father to son, or from predecessor to successor; as, fables are handed down from age to age; to forward to the proper officer (the decision of a higher court); as, the Clerk of the Court of Appeals handed down its decision. -- To hand over, to yield control of; to surrender; to deliver up.

Hand, v. i. To coˆperate. [Obs.] Massinger.

Hand"bar`row (-br`r), n. A frame or barrow, without a wheel, carried by hand.

Hand"bill` (-bl`), n. 1. A loose, printed sheet, to be distributed by hand.

2. A pruning hook. [Usually written hand bill.]

Hand"book` (-bk`), n. [Hand + book; cf. AS. handbc, or G. handbuch.] A book of reference, to be carried in the hand; a manual; a guidebook.

Hand"breadth` (-brdth`), n. A space equal to the breadth of the hand; a palm. Ex. xxxvii. 12.

Hand"cart`, n. A cart drawn or pushed by hand.

Hand"cloth` (-klth`; 115), n. A handkerchief.

Hand"craft` (-krft`), n. Same as Handicraft.

Hand"crafts`man (-man), n.; pl. -men (-men). A handicraftsman.

Hand"cuff` (-kf`), n. [AS. handcops; hand hand + cosp, cops, fetter. The second part was confused with E. cuffs,] A fastening, consisting of an iron ring around the wrist, usually connected by a chain with one on the other wrist; a manacle; -- usually in the plural.

<! p. 668 pr=JMD !>

Hand"cuff` (hnd"kf`), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handcuffed (- kft`); p. pr. & vb. n. Handcuffing.] To apply handcuffs to; to manacle. Hay (1754).

Hand"ed, a. 1. With hands joined; hand in hand.

Into their inmost bower, Handed they went.

Milton.

2. Having a peculiar or characteristic hand.

As poisonous tongued as handed.

Shak.

Handed is used in composition in the sense of having (such or so many) hands; as, bloody- handed; free-handed; heavy-handed; left- handed; single-handed.

Hand"er (-r), n. One who hands over or transmits; a conveyer in succession. Dryden.

Hand"fast` (-fst`), n. 1. Hold; grasp; custody; power of confining or keeping. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Contract; specifically, espousal. [Obs.]

Hand"fast`, a. Fast by contract; betrothed by joining hands. [Obs.] Bale.

Hand"fast`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handfasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Handfasting.] To pledge; to bind; to betroth by joining hands, in order to permit cohabitation, before the celebration of marriage. [Obs.]

Hand"fast`, a. [G. handfest; hand hand + fest strong. See Fast.] Strong; steadfast.[R.] Carlyle.

Hand"fast`ly, adv. In a handfast or publicly pledged manner. [Obs.] Holinshed.

Hand"fish` (-fsh`), n. (Zoˆl.) The frogfish.

Hand"ful (-fl), n.; pl. Handfuls (-flz). [AS. handfull.] 1. As much as the hand will grasp or contain. Addison.

2. A hand's breadth; four inches. [Obs.]

Knap the tongs together about a handful from the bottom.

Bacon.

3. A small quantity or number.

This handful of men were tied to very hard duty.

Fuller.

To have one's handful, to have one's hands full; to have all one can do. [Obs.]

They had their handful to defend themselves from firing.

Sir. W. Raleigh.

Hand"-hole` (-hl`), n. (Steam Boilers) A small hole in a boiler for the insertion of the hand in cleaning, etc.

Hand-hole plate, the cover of a hand- hole.

Hand"i*cap (hn"d*kp), n. [From hand in cap; -- perh. in reference to an old mode of settling a bargain by taking pieces of money from a cap.] 1. An allowance of a certain amount of time or distance in starting, granted in a race to the competitor possessing inferior advantages; or an additional weight or other hindrance imposed upon the one possessing superior advantages, in order to equalize, as much as possible, the chances of success; as, the handicap was five seconds, or ten pounds, and the like.

2. A race, for horses or men, or any contest of agility, strength, or skill, in which there is an allowance of time, distance, weight, or other advantage, to equalize the chances of the competitors.

3. An old game at cards. [Obs.] Pepys.

Hand"i*cap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handicapped (-kpt); p. pr. & vb. n. Handicapping.] To encumber with a handicap in any contest; hence, in general, to place at disadvantage; as, the candidate was heavily handicapped.

Hand"i*cap`per (-kp`pr), n. One who determines the conditions of a handicap.

Hand"i*craft (hnd"*krft), n. [For handcraft, influenced by handiwork; AS. handcrÊft.] 1. A trade requiring skill of hand; manual occupation; handcraft. Addison.

2. A man who earns his living by handicraft; a handicraftsman. [R.] Dryden.

Hand"i*crafts`man (-krfts`man), n.; pl. -men (- men). A man skilled or employed in handcraft. Bacon.

Hand"i*ly (-*l), adv. [See Handy.] In a handy manner; skillfully; conveniently.

Hand"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being handy.

Hand"i`ron (-`rn), n. See Andiron. [Obs.]

Hand"i*work` (-*w˚rk`), n. [OE. handiwerc, AS. handgeweorc; hand hand + geweorc work; prefix ge- + weorc. See Work.] Work done by the hands; hence, any work done personally.

The firmament showeth his handiwork.

Ps. xix. 1.

Hand"ker*cher (h"kr*chr), n. A handkerchief. [Obs. or Colloq.] Chapman (1654). Shak.

Hand"ker*chief (h"kr*chf; 277), n. [Hand + kerchief.] 1. A piece of cloth, usually square and often fine and elegant, carried for wiping the face or hands.

2. A piece of cloth shaped like a handkerchief to be worn about the neck; a neckerchief; a neckcloth.

Han"dle (hn"d'l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handled (-d'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Handling(-dlng).] [OE. handlen, AS. handlian; akin to D. handelen to trade, G. handeln. See Hand.] 1. To touch; to feel with the hand; to use or hold with the hand.

Handle me, and see; for a spirit hath not flesh.

Luke xxiv. 39.

About his altar, handling holy things.

Milton.

2. To manage in using, as a spade or a musket; to wield; often, to manage skillfully.

That fellow handles his bow like a crowkeeper.

Shak.

3. To accustom to the hand; to work upon, or take care of, with the hands.

The hardness of the winters forces the breeders to house and handle their colts six months every year.

Sir W. Temple.

4. To receive and transfer; to have pass through one's hands; hence, to buy and sell; as, a merchant handles a variety of goods, or a large stock.

5. To deal with; to make a business of.

They that handle the law knew me not.

Jer. ii. 8.

6. To treat; to use, well or ill.

How wert thou handled being prisoner?

Shak.

7. To manage; to control; to practice skill upon.

You shall see how I will handle her.

Shak.

8. To use or manage in writing or speaking; to treat, as a theme, an argument, or an objection.

We will handle what persons are apt to envy others.

Bacon.

To handle without gloves. See under Glove. [Colloq.]

Han"dle (hn"d'l), v. i. To use the hands.

They have hands, but they handle not.

Ps. cxv. 7.

Han"dle, n. [AS. handle. See Hand.] 1. That part of vessels, instruments, etc., which is held in the hand when used or moved, as the haft of a sword, the knob of a door, the bail of a kettle, etc.

2. That of which use is made; the instrument for effecting a purpose; a tool. South.

To give a handle, to furnish an occasion or means.

Han"dle*a*ble (-*b'l), a. Capable of being handled.

Hand"less (hnd"ls), a. Without a hand. Shak.

Han"dling (hn"dlng), n. [AS. handlung.] 1. A touching, controlling, managing, using, etc., with the hand or hands, or as with the hands. See Handle, v. t.

The heavens and your fair handling Have made you master of the field this day.

Spenser.

2. (Drawing, Painting, etc.) The mode of using the pencil or brush, etc.; style of touch. Fairholt.

Hand"made` (hnd"md`), a. Manufactured by hand; as, handmade shoes.

{ Hand"maid` (-md`), Hand"maiden (-'n), } n. A maid that waits at hand; a female servant or attendant.

Hand"saw` (-s`) n. A saw used with one hand.

Hand"sel (hnd"sl), n. [Written also hansel.] [OE. handsal, hansal, hansel, AS. handselena giving into hands, or more prob. fr. Icel. handsal; hand hand + sal sale, bargain; akin to AS. sellan to give, deliver. See Sell, Sale. ] 1. A sale, gift, or delivery into the hand of another; especially, a sale, gift, delivery, or using which is the first of a series, and regarded as an omen for the rest; a first installment; an earnest; as the first money received for the sale of goods in the morning, the first money taken at a shop newly opened, the first present sent to a young woman on her wedding day, etc.

Their first good handsel of breath in this world.

Fuller.

Our present tears here, not our present laughter, Are but the handsels of our joys hereafter.

Herrick.

2. Price; payment. [Obs.] Spenser.

Handsel Monday, the first Monday of the new year, when handsels or presents are given to servants, children, etc.

Hand"sel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handseled or Handselled (hnd"sld); p. pr. & vb. n. Handseling or Handselling.] [Written also hansel.] [OE handsellen, hansellen; cf. Icel. hadsala, handselja. See Handsel, n.] 1. To give a handsel to.

2. To use or do for the first time, esp. so as to make fortunate or unfortunate; to try experimentally.

No contrivance of our body, but some good man in Scripture hath handseled it with prayer.

Fuller.

Hand"some (hn"sm; 277), a. [Compar. Handsomer (- r); superl. Handsomest.] [Hand + -some. It at first meant, dexterous; cf. D. handzaam dexterous, ready, limber, manageable, and E. handy.] 1. Dexterous; skillful; handy; ready; convenient; -- applied to things as persons. [Obs.]

That they [engines of war] be both easy to be carried and handsome to be moved and turned about.

Robynson (Utopia).

For a thief it is so handsome as it may seem it was first invented for him.

Spenser.

2. Agreeable to the eye or to correct taste; having a pleasing appearance or expression; attractive; having symmetry and dignity; comely; -- expressing more than pretty, and less than beautiful; as, a handsome man or woman; a handsome garment, house, tree, horse.

3. Suitable or fit in action; marked with propriety and ease; graceful; becoming; appropriate; as, a handsome style, etc.

Easiness and handsome address in writing.

Felton.

4. Evincing a becoming generosity or nobleness of character; liberal; generous.

Handsome is as handsome does.

Old Proverb.

5. Ample; moderately large.

He . . . accumulated a handsome sum of money.

V. Knox.

To do the handsome thing, to act liberally. [Colloq.]

Syn. -- Handsome, Pretty. Pretty applies to things comparatively small, which please by their delicacy and grace; as, a pretty girl, a pretty flower, a pretty cottage. Handsome rises higher, and is applied to objects on a larger scale. We admire what is handsome, we are pleased with what is pretty. The word is connected with hand, and has thus acquired the idea of training, cultivation, symmetry, and proportion, which enters so largely into our conception of handsome. Thus Drayton makes mention of handsome players, meaning those who are well trained; and hence we speak of a man's having a handsome address, which is the result of culture; of a handsome horse or dog, which implies well proportioned limbs; of a handsome face, to which, among other qualities, the idea of proportion and a graceful contour are essential; of a handsome tree, and a handsome house or villa. So, from this idea of proportion or suitableness, we have, with a different application, the expressions, a handsome fortune, a handsome offer.

Hand"some, v. t. To render handsome. [Obs.] Donne

Hand"some*ly, adv. 1. In a handsome manner.

2. (Naut.) Carefully; in shipshape style.

Hand"some*ness, n. The quality of being handsome.

Handsomeness is the mere animal excellence, beauty the mere imaginative.

Hare.

Hand"spike` (hnd"spk`), n. A bar or lever, generally of wood, used in a windlass or capstan, for heaving anchor, and, in modified forms, for various purposes.

Hand"spring` (-sprng), n. A somersault made with the assistance of the hands placed upon the ground.

Hand"-tight` (-tt`), a. (Naut.) As tight as can be made by the hand. Totten.

Hand"wheel` (-hwl), n. (Mach.) Any wheel worked by hand; esp., one the rim of which serves as the handle by which a valve, car brake, or other part is adjusted.

Hand"-winged` (hnd"wngd`), a. (Zoˆl.) Having wings that are like hands in the structure and arrangement of their bones; -- said of bats. See Cheiroptera.

Hand"writ`ing (-rt"ng), n. 1. The cast or form of writing peculiar to each hand or person; chirography.

2. That which is written by hand; manuscript.

The handwriting on the wall, a doom pronounced; an omen of disaster. Dan. v. 5.

Hand"y (hnd"), a. [Compar. Handier (-*r); superl. Handiest.] [OE. hendi, AS. hendig (in comp.), fr. hand hand; akin to D. handig, Goth. handugs clever, wise.] 1. Performed by the hand. [Obs.]

To draw up and come to handy strokes.

Milton.

2. Skillful in using the hand; dexterous; ready; adroit. "Each is handy in his way." Dryden.

3. Ready to the hand; near; also, suited to the use of the hand; convenient; valuable for reference or use; as, my tools are handy; a handy volume.

4. (Naut.) Easily managed; obedient to the helm; -- said of a vessel.

Hand"y-dan`dy (-dn`d), n. A child's play, one child guessing in which closed hand the other holds some small object, winning the object if right and forfeiting an equivalent if wrong; hence, forfeit. Piers Plowman.

Hand"y*fight` (-ft), n. A fight with the hands; boxing. "Pollux loves handyfights." B. Jonson.

Hand"y*gripe` (-grp`), n. Seizure by, or grasp of, the hand; also, close quarters in fighting. Hudibras.

Hand"y*stroke` (-strk`), n. A blow with the hand.

Hand"y*work` (-w˚rk`), n. See Handiwork.

Hang (hng), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hanged (hngd) or Hung (hng); p. pr. & vb. n. Hanging. The use of hanged is preferable to that of hung, when reference is had to death or execution by suspension, and it is also more common.] [OE. hangen, hongien, v. t. & i., AS. hangian, v. i., fr. hn, v. t. (imp. heng, p. p. hongen); akin to OS. hangn, v. i., D. hangen, v. t. & i., G. hangen, v. i., h‰ngen, v. t., Icel. hanga, v. i., Goth. hhan, v. t. (imp. haÌhah), hhan, v. i. (imp. hahaida), and perh. to L. cunctari to delay. &radic;37. ] 1. To suspend; to fasten to some elevated point without support from below; -- often used with up or out; as, to hang a coat on a hook; to hang up a sign; to hang out a banner.

2. To fasten in a manner which will allow of free motion upon the point or points of suspension; -- said of a pendulum, a swing, a door, gate, etc.

3. To fit properly, as at a proper angle (a part of an implement that is swung in using), as a scythe to its snath, or an ax to its helve. [U. S.]

4. To put to death by suspending by the neck; -- a form of capital punishment; as, to hang a murderer.

5. To cover, decorate, or furnish by hanging pictures, trophies, drapery, and the like, or by covering with paper hangings; -- said of a wall, a room, etc.

Hung be the heavens with black.

Shak.

And hung thy holy roofs with savage spoils.

Dryden.

6. To paste, as paper hangings, on the walls of a room.

7. To hold or bear in a suspended or inclined manner or position instead of erect; to droop; as, he hung his head in shame.

Cowslips wan that hang the pensive head.

Milton.

To hang down, to let fall below the proper position; to bend down; to decline; as, to hang down the head, or, elliptically, to hang the head. -- To hang fire (Mil.), to be slow in communicating fire through the vent to the charge; as, the gun hangs fire; hence, to hesitate, to hold back as if in suspense.

Hang, v. i. 1. To be suspended or fastened to some elevated point without support from below; to dangle; to float; to rest; to remain; to stay.

2. To be fastened in such a manner as to allow of free motion on the point or points of suspension.

3. To die or be put to death by suspension from the neck. [R.] "Sir Balaam hangs." Pope.

4. To hold for support; to depend; to cling; -- usually with on or upon; as, this question hangs on a single point. "Two infants hanging on her neck." Peacham.

5. To be, or be like, a suspended weight.

Life hangs upon me, and becomes a burden.

Addison.

6. To hover; to impend; to appear threateningly; -- usually with over; as, evils hang over the country.

7. To lean or incline; to incline downward.

To decide which way hung the victory.

Milton.

His neck obliquely o'er his shoulder hung.

Pope.

8. To slope down; as, hanging grounds.

9. To be undetermined or uncertain; to be in suspense; to linger; to be delayed.

A noble stroke he lifted high, Which hung not, but so swift with tempest fell On the proud crest of Satan.

Milton.

To hang around, to loiter idly about. - - To hang back, to hesitate; to falter; to be reluctant. "If any one among you hangs back." Jowett (Thucyd.). -- To hang by the eyelids. (a) To hang by a very slight hold or tenure. (b) To be in an unfinished condition; to be left incomplete. -- To hang in doubt, to be in suspense. -- To hang on (with the emphasis on the preposition), to keep hold; to hold fast; to stick; to be persistent, as a disease. -- To hang on the lips, words, etc., to be charmed by eloquence. -- To hang out. (a) To be hung out so as to be displayed; to project. (b) To be unyielding; as, the juryman hangs out against an agreement. [Colloq.] -- To hang over. (a) To project at the top. (b) To impend over. -- To hang to, to cling. -- To hang together. (a) To remain united; to stand by one another. "We are all of a piece; we hang together." Dryden. (b) To be self- consistent; as, the story does not hang together. [Colloq.] -- To hang upon. (a) To regard with passionate affection. (b) (Mil.) To hover around; as, to hang upon the flanks of a retreating enemy.

Hang, n. 1. The manner in which one part or thing hangs upon, or is connected with, another; as, the hang of a scythe.

2. Connection; arrangement; plan; as, the hang of a discourse. [Colloq.]

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3. A sharp or steep declivity or slope. [Colloq.]

To get the hang of, to learn the method or arrangement of; hence, to become accustomed to. [Colloq.]

Hang"bird` (hng"brd`), n. (Zoˆl.) The Baltimore oriole (Icterus galbula); -- so called because its nest is suspended from the limb of a tree. See Baltimore oriole.

Hang"-by` (-b`), n.; pl. Hang-bies (-bz`). A dependent; a hanger-on; -- so called in contempt. B. Jonson.

Hang"dog` (-dg`), n. A base, degraded person; a sneak; a gallows bird.

Hang"dog`, a. Low; sneaking; ashamed.

The poor colonel went out of the room with a hangdog look.

Thackeray.

Hang"er (-r), n. 1. One who hangs, or causes to be hanged; a hangman.

2. That by which a thing is suspended. Especially: (a) A strap hung to the girdle, by which a dagger or sword is suspended. (b) (Mach.) A part that suspends a journal box in which shafting runs. See Illust. of Countershaft. (c) A bridle iron.

3. That which hangs or is suspended, as a sword worn at the side; especially, in the 18th century, a short, curved sword.

4. A steep, wooded declivity. [Eng.] Gilbert White.

Hang"er-on` (-n`), n.; pl. Hangers-on (-rz-n`). One who hangs on, or sticks to, a person, place, or service; a dependent; one who adheres to others' society longer than he is wanted. Goldsmith.

Hang"ing, a. 1. Requiring, deserving, or foreboding death by the halter. "What a hanging face!" Dryden.

2. Suspended from above; pendent; as, hanging shelves.

3. Adapted for sustaining a hanging object; as, the hanging post of a gate, the post which holds the hinges.

Hanging compass, a compass suspended so that the card may be read from beneath. -- Hanging garden, a garden sustained at an artificial elevation by any means, as by the terraces at Babylon. -- Hanging indentation. See under Indentation. -- Hanging rail (Arch.), that rail of a door or casement to which hinges are attached. -- Hanging side (Mining), the overhanging side of an inclined or hading vein. -- Hanging sleeves. (a) Strips of the same stuff as the gown, hanging down the back from the shoulders. (b) Loose, flowing sleeves. -- Hanging stile. (Arch.) (a) That stile of a door to which hinges are secured. (b) That upright of a window frame to which casements are hinged, or in which the pulleys for sash windows are fastened. -- Hanging wall (Mining), the upper wall of inclined vein, or that which hangs over the miner's head when working in the vein.

Hang"ing, n. 1. The act of suspending anything; the state of being suspended.

2. Death by suspension; execution by a halter.

3. That which is hung as lining or drapery for the walls of a room, as tapestry, paper, etc., or to cover or drape a door or window; -- used chiefly in the plural.

Now purple hangings clothe the palace walls.

Dryden.

Hang"man (hng"man), n.; pl. Hangmen(-men). One who hangs another; esp., one who makes a business of hanging; a public executioner; -- sometimes used as a term of reproach, without reference to office. Shak.

Hang"man*ship, n. The office or character of a hangman.

Hang"nail` (-nl`), n. [A corruption of agnail.] A small piece or sliver of skin which hangs loose, near the root of a finger nail. Holloway.

Hang"nest` (-nst`), n. 1. A nest that hangs like a bag or pocket.

2. A bird which builds such a nest; a hangbird.

Hank (hnk), n. [Cf. Dan. hank handle, Sw. hank a band or tie, Icel. hanki hasp, clasp, hˆnk, hangr, hank, coil, skein, G. henkel, henk, handle; all prob. akin to E. hang. See Hang.] 1. A parcel consisting of two or more skeins of yarn or thread tied together.

2. A rope or withe for fastening a gate. [Prov. Eng.]

3. Hold; influence.

When the devil hath got such a hank over him.

Bp. Sanderson.

4. (Naut.) A ring or eye of rope, wood, or iron, attached to the edge of a sail and running on a stay.

Hank, v. t. 1. [OE. hanken.] To fasten with a rope, as a gate. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

2. To form into hanks.

Han"ker (h"kr), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hankered (- krd); p. pr. & vb. n. Hankering.] [Prob. fr. hang; cf. D. hunkeren, hengelen.] 1. To long (for) with a keen appetite and uneasiness; to have a vehement desire; -- usually with for or after; as, to hanker after fruit; to hanker after the diversions of the town. Addison.

He was hankering to join his friend.

J. A. Symonds.

2. To linger in expectation or with desire. Thackeray.

Han"ker*ing*ly, adv. In a hankering manner.

Han"key-pan"key (h"k*p"k), n. [Cf. Hocus-pocus.] Professional cant; the chatter of conjurers to divert attention from their tricks; hence, jugglery. [Colloq.]

Han`o*ve"ri*an (hn`*v"r*an), a. Of or pertaining to Hanover or its people, or to the House of Hanover in England.

Han`o*ve"ri*an, n. A native or naturalized inhabitant of Hanover; one of the House of Hanover.

Han"sa (hn"s), n. See 2d Hanse.

Han"sard (-srd), n. An official report of proceedings in the British Parliament; -- so called from the name of the publishers.

Han"sard, n. A merchant of one of the Hanse towns. See the Note under 2d Hanse.

Hanse (hns), n. [Cf. F. anse handle, anse de panier surbased arch, flat arch, vault, and E. haunch hip.] (Arch.) That part of an elliptical or many-centered arch which has the shorter radius and immediately adjoins the impost.

Hanse, n. [G. hanse, or F. hanse (from German), OHG. & Goth. hansa; akin to AS. hs band, troop.] An association; a league or confederacy.

Hanse towns (Hist.), certain commercial cities in Germany which associated themselves for the protection and enlarging of their commerce. The confederacy, called also Hansa and Hanseatic league, held its first diet in 1260, and was maintained for nearly four hundred years. At one time the league comprised eighty-five cities. Its remnants, L¸beck, Hamburg, and Bremen, are free cities, and are still frequently called Hanse towns.

Han`se*at"ic (hn`s*t"k), a. Pertaining to the Hanse towns, or to their confederacy.

Hanseatic league. See under 2d Hanse.

Han"sel (hn"sl), n. & v. See Handsel.

Han"sel*ines (h‰n"sel*nz), n. A sort of breeches. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Han"som (hn"sm), n., Han"som cab` (kb`). [From the name of the inventor.] A light, low, two-wheeled covered carriage with the driver's seat elevated behind, the reins being passed over the top.

He hailed a cruising hansom . . . " 'Tis the gondola of London," said Lothair.

Beaconsfield.

Han't (hnt; in England, h‰nt). A contraction of have not, or has not, used in illiterate speech. In the United States the commoner spelling is hain't.

Han"u*man (hn"*man), n. See Hoonoomaun.

Hap (hp), v. t. [OE. happen.] To clothe; to wrap.

The surgeon happed her up carefully.

Dr. J. Brown.

Hap, n. [Cf. Hap to clothe.] A cloak or plaid. [O. Eng. & Scot.]

Hap, n. [Icel. happ unexpected good luck. &radic;39.] That which happens or comes suddenly or unexpectedly; also, the manner of occurrence or taking place; chance; fortune; accident; casual event; fate; luck; lot. Chaucer.

Whether art it was or heedless hap.

Spenser.

Cursed be good haps, and cursed be they that build Their hopes on haps.

Sir P. Sidney.

Loving goes by haps: Some Cupid kills with arrows, some with traps.

Shak.

Hap, v. i. [OE. happen. See Hap chance, and cf. Happen.] To happen; to befall; to chance. Chaucer.

Sends word of all that haps in Tyre.

Shak.

Ha'"pen*ny (h"pn*n), n. A half-penny.

Hap"haz`ard (hp"hz`rd or hp`hz"-), n. [Hap + hazard.] Extra hazard; chance; accident; random.

We take our principles at haphazard, upon trust.

Locke.

Hap"less (hp"ls), a. Without hap or luck; luckless; unfortunate; unlucky; unhappy; as, hapless youth; hapless maid. Dryden.

Hap"less*ly, adv. In a hapless, unlucky manner.

||Ha*plo"mi (h*pl"m), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "aplo`os simple + 'w^mos ||shoulder.] (Zoˆl.) An order of freshwater fishes, including the true ||pikes, cyprinodonts, and blindfishes.

Hap`lo*stem"o*nous (hp`l*stm"*ns), a. [Gr. "aplo`os simple + sth`mwn a thread.] (Bot.) Having but one series of stamens, and that equal in number to the proper number of petals; isostemonous.

Hap"ly (hp"l), adv. By hap, chance, luck, or accident; perhaps; it may be.

Lest haply ye be found even to fight against God.

Acts v. 39.

Happed (hpt), p. a. [From 1st Hap.] Wrapped; covered; cloaked. [Scot.]

All happed with flowers in the green wood were.

Hogg.

Hap"pen (hp"p'n), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Happened (-p'nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Happening.] [OE. happenen, hapnen. See Hap to happen.] 1. To come by chance; to come without previous expectation; to fall out.

There shall no evil happen to the just.

Prov. xii. 21.

2. To take place; to occur.

All these things which had happened.

Luke xxiv. 14.

To happen on, to meet with; to fall or light upon. "I have happened on some other accounts." Graunt. -- To happen in, to make a casual call. [Colloq.]

Hap"pi*ly (hp"p*l), adv. [From Happy.] 1. By chance; peradventure; haply. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

2. By good fortune; fortunately; luckily.

Preferred by conquest, happily o'erthrown.

Waller.

3. In a happy manner or state; in happy circumstances; as, he lived happily with his wife.

4. With address or dexterity; gracefully; felicitously; in a manner to insure success; with success.

Formed by thy converse, happily to steer From grave to gay, from lively to severe.

Pope.

Syn. -- Fortunately; luckily; successfully; prosperously; contentedly; dexterously; felicitously.

Hap"pi*ness, n. [From Happy.] 1. Good luck; good fortune; prosperity.

All happiness bechance to thee in Milan!

Shak.

2. An agreeable feeling or condition of the soul arising from good fortune or propitious happening of any kind; the possession of those circumstances or that state of being which is attended with enjoyment; the state of being happy; contentment; joyful satisfaction; felicity; blessedness.

3. Fortuitous elegance; unstudied grace; -- used especially of language.

Some beauties yet no precepts can declare, For there's a happiness, as well as care.

Pope.

Syn. -- Happiness, Felicity, Blessedness, Bliss. Happiness is generic, and is applied to almost every kind of enjoyment except that of the animal appetites; felicity is a more formal word, and is used more sparingly in the same general sense, but with elevated associations; blessedness is applied to the most refined enjoyment arising from the purest social, benevolent, and religious affections; bliss denotes still more exalted delight, and is applied more appropriately to the joy anticipated in heaven.

O happiness! our being's end and aim!

Pope.

Others in virtue place felicity, But virtue joined with riches and long life; In corporal pleasures he, and careless ease.

Milton.

His overthrow heaped happiness upon him; For then, and not till then, he felt himself, And found the blessedness of being little.

Shak.

Hap"py (hp"p), a. [Compar. Happier (-p*r); superl. Happiest.] [From Hap chance.] 1. Favored by hap, luck, or fortune; lucky; fortunate; successful; prosperous; satisfying desire; as, a happy expedient; a happy effort; a happy venture; a happy omen.

Chymists have been more happy in finding experiments than the causes of them.

Boyle.

2. Experiencing the effect of favorable fortune; having the feeling arising from the consciousness of well- being or of enjoyment; enjoying good of any kind, as peace, tranquillity, comfort; contented; joyous; as, happy hours, happy thoughts.

Happy is that people, whose God is the Lord.

Ps. cxliv. 15.

The learned is happy Nature to explore, The fool is happy that he knows no more.

Pope.

3. Dexterous; ready; apt; felicitous.

One gentleman is happy at a reply, another excels in a rejoinder.

Swift.

Happy family, a collection of animals of different and hostile propensities living peaceably together in one cage. Used ironically of conventional alliances of persons who are in fact mutually repugnant. -- Happy-go-lucky, trusting to hap or luck; improvident; easy-going. "Happy- go-lucky carelessness." W. Black.

||Ha*pu"ku (h*p"k), n. (Zoˆl.) A large and valuable food fish ||(Polyprion prognathus) of New Zealand. It sometimes weighs one ||hundred pounds or more.

Haque"but (hk"bt), n. See Hagbut.

Ha"ra-ki`ri (h"r*k`r), n. [Jap., stomach cutting.] Suicide, by slashing the abdomen, formerly practiced in Japan, and commanded by the government in the cases of disgraced officials; disembowelment; - - also written, but incorrectly, hari-kari. W. E. Griffis.

Ha*rangue" (h*rng"), n. [F. harangue: cf. Sp. arenga, It. aringa; lit., a speech before a multitude or on the hustings, It. aringo arena, hustings, pulpit; all fr. OHG. hring ring, anything round, ring of people, G. ring. See Ring.] A speech addressed to a large public assembly; a popular oration; a loud address to a multitude; in a bad sense, a noisy or pompous speech; declamation; ranting.

Gray-headed men and grave, with warriors mixed, Assemble, and harangues are heard.

Milton.

Syn. -- Harangue, Speech, Oration. Speech is generic; an oration is an elaborate and rhetorical speech; an harangue is a vehement appeal to the passions, or a noisy, disputatious address. A general makes an harangue to his troops on the eve of a battle; a demagogue harangues the populace on the subject of their wrongs.

Ha*rangue", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Harangued (h*rngd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Haranguing.] [Cf. F. haranguer, It. aringare.] To make an harangue; to declaim.

Ha*rangue", v. t. To address by an harangue.

Ha*rangue"ful (-fl), a. Full of harangue.

Ha*rang"uer (h*rng"r), n. One who harangues, or is fond of haranguing; a declaimer.

With them join'd all th' haranguers of the throng, That thought to get preferment by the tongue.

Dryden.

Har"ass (hr"as), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harassed (-ast); p. pr. & vb. n. Harassing.] [F. harasser; cf. OF. harace a basket made of cords, harace, harasse,a very heavy and large shield; or harer to set (a dog) on.] To fatigue; to tire with repeated and exhausting efforts; esp., to weary by importunity, teasing, or fretting; to cause to endure excessive burdens or anxieties; -- sometimes followed by out.

[Troops] harassed with a long and wearisome march.

Bacon.

Nature oppressed and harass'd out with care.

Addison.

Vext with lawyers and harass'd with debt.

Tennyson.

Syn. -- To weary; jade; tire; perplex; distress; tease; worry; disquiet; chafe; gall; annoy; irritate; plague; vex; molest; trouble; disturb; torment.

Har"ass, n. 1. Devastation; waste. [Obs.] Milton.

2. Worry; harassment. [R.] Byron.

Har"ass*er (-r), n. One who harasses.

Har"ass*ment (-ment), n. The act of harassing, or state of being harassed; worry; annoyance; anxiety.

Little harassments which I am led to suspect do occasionally molest the most fortunate.

Ld. Lytton.

Har"ber*ous (hr"br*s), a. Harborous. [Obs.]

A bishop must be faultless, the husband of one wife, honestly appareled, harberous.

Tyndale (1 Tim. iii. 2).

Har"bin*ger (-bn*jr), n. [OE. herbergeour, OF. herbergeor one who provides lodging, fr. herbergier to provide lodging, F. hÈberger, OF. herberge lodging, inn, F. auberge; of German origin. See Harbor.] 1. One who provides lodgings; especially, the officer of the English royal household who formerly preceded the court when traveling, to provide and prepare lodgings. Fuller.

2. A forerunner; a precursor; a messenger.

I knew by these harbingers who were coming.

Landor.

Har"bin*ger, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harbingered (-jrd); p. pr. & vb. n. Harbingering.] To usher in; to be a harbinger of. "Thus did the star of religious freedom harbinger the day." Bancroft.

Har"bor (-br), n. [Written also harbour.] [OE. herbor, herberwe, herberge, Icel. herbergi (cf. OHG. heriberga), orig., a shelter for soldiers; herr army + bjarga to save, help, defend; akin to AS. here army, G. heer, OHG. heri, Goth. harjis, and AS. beorgan to save, shelter, defend, G. bergen. See Harry, 2d Bury, and cf. Harbinger.] 1. A station for rest and entertainment; a place of security and comfort; a refuge; a shelter.

[A grove] fair harbour that them seems.

Spenser.

For harbor at a thousand doors they knocked.

Dryden.

2. Specif.: A lodging place; an inn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. (Astrol.) The mansion of a heavenly body. [Obs.]

4. A portion of a sea, a lake, or other large body of water, either landlocked or artificially protected so as to be a place of safety for vessels in stormy weather; a port or haven.

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5. (Glass Works) A mixing box for materials.

Harbor dues (Naut.), fees paid for the use of a harbor. -- Harbor seal (Zoˆl.), the common seal. -- Harbor watch, a watch set when a vessel is in port; an anchor watch.

Har"bor (h‰r"br), v. t. [Written also harbour.] [imp. & p. p. Harbored (-brd); p. pr. & vb. n. Harboring.] [OE. herberen, herberwen, herbergen; cf. Icel. herbergja. See Harbor, n.] To afford lodging to; to entertain as a guest; to shelter; to receive; to give a refuge to; to indulge or cherish (a thought or feeling, esp. an ill thought).

Any place that harbors men.

Shak.

The bare suspicion made it treason to harbor the person suspected.

Bp. Burnet.

Let not your gentle breast harbor one thought of outrage.

Rowe.

Har"bor, v. i. To lodge, or abide for a time; to take shelter, as in a harbor.

For this night let's harbor here in York.

Shak.

Har"bor*age (-j), n. Shelter; entertainment.[R.]

Where can I get me harborage for the night?

Tennyson.

Har"bor*er (-r), n. One who, or that which, harbors.

Geneva was . . . a harborer of exiles for religion.

Strype.

Har"bor*less, a. Without a harbor; shelterless.

Har"bor mas`ter (ms`tr). An officer charged with the duty of executing the regulations respecting the use of a harbor.

{ Har"bor*ough (-), Har"brough (-br), } n. [See Harbor.] A shelter. [Obs.]. Spenser.

Har"bor*ous (-br*s), a. Hospitable. [Obs.]

Hard (h‰rd), a. [Compar. Harder (-r); superl. Hardest.] [OE. hard, heard, AS. heard; akin to OS. & D. hard, G. hart, OHG. herti, harti, Icel. harr, Dan. haard, Sw. hÂrd, Goth. hardus, Gr. kraty`s strong, ka`rtos, kra`tos, strength, and also to E. -ard, as in coward, drunkard, -crat, -cracy in autocrat, democracy; cf. Skr. kratu strength, k to do, make. Cf. Hardy.] 1. Not easily penetrated, cut, or separated into parts; not yielding to pressure; firm; solid; compact; -- applied to material bodies, and opposed to soft; as, hard wood; hard flesh; a hard apple.

2. Difficult, mentally or judicially; not easily apprehended, decided, or resolved; as a hard problem.

The hard causes they brought unto Moses.

Ex. xviii. 26.

In which are some things hard to be understood.

2 Peter iii. 16.

3. Difficult to accomplish; full of obstacles; laborious; fatiguing; arduous; as, a hard task; a disease hard to cure.

4. Difficult to resist or control; powerful.

The stag was too hard for the horse.

L'Estrange.

A power which will be always too hard for them.

Addison.

5. Difficult to bear or endure; not easy to put up with or consent to; hence, severe; rigorous; oppressive; distressing; unjust; grasping; as, a hard lot; hard times; hard fare; a hard winter; hard conditions or terms.

I never could drive a hard bargain.

Burke.

6. Difficult to please or influence; stern; unyielding; obdurate; unsympathetic; unfeeling; cruel; as, a hard master; a hard heart; hard words; a hard character.

7. Not easy or agreeable to the taste; harsh; stiff; rigid; ungraceful; repelling; as, a hard style.

Figures harder than even the marble itself.

Dryden.

8. Rough; acid; sour, as liquors; as, hard cider.

9. (Pron.) Abrupt or explosive in utterance; not aspirated, sibilated, or pronounced with a gradual change of the organs from one position to another; -- said of certain consonants, as c in came, and g in go, as distinguished from the same letters in center, general, etc.

10. Wanting softness or smoothness of utterance; harsh; as, a hard tone.

11. (Painting) (a) Rigid in the drawing or distribution of the figures; formal; lacking grace of composition. (b) Having disagreeable and abrupt contrasts in the coloring or light and shade.

Hard cancer, Hard case, etc. See under Cancer, Case, etc. -- Hard clam, or Hard-shelled clam (Zoˆl.), the quahog. -- Hard coal, anthracite, as distinguished from bituminous or soft coal. -- Hard and fast. (Naut.) See under Fast. -- Hard finish (Arch.), a smooth finishing coat of hard fine plaster applied to the surface of rough plastering. -- Hard lines, hardship; difficult conditions. -- Hard money, coin or specie, as distinguished from paper money. -- Hard oyster (Zoˆl.), the northern native oyster. [Local, U. S.] -- Hard pan, the hard stratum of earth lying beneath the soil; hence, figuratively, the firm, substantial, fundamental part or quality of anything; as, the hard pan of character, of a matter in dispute, etc. See Pan. -- Hard rubber. See under Rubber. -- Hard solder. See under Solder. -- Hard water, water, which contains lime or some mineral substance rendering it unfit for washing. See Hardness, 3. -- Hard wood, wood of a solid or hard texture; as walnut, oak, ash, box, and the like, in distinction from pine, poplar, hemlock, etc. -- In hard condition, in excellent condition for racing; having firm muscles; -- said of race horses.

Syn. -- Solid; arduous; powerful; trying; unyielding; stubborn; stern; flinty; unfeeling; harsh; difficult; severe; obdurate; rigid. See Solid, and Arduous.

Hard, adv. [OE. harde, AS. hearde.] 1. With pressure; with urgency; hence, diligently; earnestly.

And prayed so hard for mercy from the prince.

Dryden.

My father Is hard at study; pray now, rest yourself.

Shak.

2. With difficulty; as, the vehicle moves hard.

3. Uneasily; vexatiously; slowly. Shak.

4. So as to raise difficulties. "The question is hard set." Sir T. Browne.

5. With tension or strain of the powers; violently; with force; tempestuously; vehemently; vigorously; energetically; as, to press, to blow, to rain hard; hence, rapidly; nimbly; as, to run hard.

6. Close or near.

Whose house joined hard to the synagogue.

Acts xviii. 7.

Hard by, near by; close at hand; not far off. "Hard by a cottage chimney smokes." Milton. -- Hard pushed, Hard run, greatly pressed; as, he was hard pushed or hard run for time, money, etc. [Colloq.] -- Hard up, closely pressed by want or necessity; without money or resources; as, hard up for amusements. [Slang]

Hard in nautical language is often joined to words of command to the helmsman, denoting that the order should be carried out with the utmost energy, or that the helm should be put, in the direction indicated, to the extreme limit, as, Hard aport! Hard astarboard! Hard alee! Hard aweather! Hard up! Hard is also often used in composition with a participle; as, hard-baked; hard-earned; hard-featured; hard-working; hard-won.

Hard (h‰rd), v. t. To harden; to make hard. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hard, n. A ford or passage across a river or swamp.

Hard"bake` (-bk`), n. A sweetmeat of boiled brown sugar or molasses made with almonds, and flavored with orange or lemon juice, etc. Thackeray.

Hard"beam` (-bm`), n. (Bot.) A tree of the genus Carpinus, of compact, horny texture; hornbeam.

Hard"en (h‰rd"'n), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hardened (-'nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Hardening (-'n*ng).] [OE. hardnen, hardenen.] 1. To make hard or harder; to make firm or compact; to indurate; as, to harden clay or iron.

2. To accustom by labor or suffering to endure with constancy; to strengthen; to stiffen; to inure; also, to confirm in wickedness or shame; to make unimpressionable. "Harden not your heart." Ps. xcv. 8.

I would harden myself in sorrow.

Job vi. 10.

Hard"en, v. i. 1. To become hard or harder; to acquire solidity, or more compactness; as, mortar hardens by drying.

The deliberate judgment of those who knew him [A. Lincoln] has hardened into tradition.

The Century.

2. To become confirmed or strengthened, in either a good or a bad sense.

They, hardened more by what might most reclaim.

Milton.

Hard"ened (-'nd), a. Made hard, or harder, or compact; made unfeeling or callous; made obstinate or obdurate; confirmed in error or vice.

Syn. -- Impenetrable; hard; obdurate; callous; unfeeling; unsusceptible; insensible. See Obdurate.

Hard"en*er (-'n*r), n. One who, or that which, hardens; specif., one who tempers tools.

Hard"en*ing, n. 1. Making hard or harder.

2. That which hardens, as a material used for converting the surface of iron into steel.

Har"der (h‰r"dr), n. (Zoˆl.) A South African mullet, salted for food.

Har*de"ri*an (h‰r*d"r*an), a. (Anat.) A term applied to a lachrymal gland on the inner side of the orbit of many animals which have a third eyelid, or nictitating membrane. See Nictitating membrane, under Nictitate.

Hard"-fa`vored (h‰rd"f`vrd), a. Hard-featured; ill-looking; as, Vulcan was hard-favored. Dryden.

Hard"-fa`vored*ness, n. Coarseness of features.

Hard"-fea`tured (-f`trd; 135), a. Having coarse, unattractive or stern features. Smollett.

Hard"fern` (-frn`), n. (Bot.) A species of fern (Lomaria borealis), growing in Europe and Northwestern America.

Hard"-fist`ed (-fst`d), a. 1. Having hard or strong hands; as, a hard-fisted laborer.

2. Close-fisted; covetous; niggardly. Bp. Hall.

Hard"-fought` (-ft`), a. Vigorously contested; as, a hard-fought battle.

Hard" grass` (grs`). (Bot.) A name given to several different grasses, especially to the Roltbˆllia incurvata, and to the species of ∆gilops, from one of which it is contended that wheat has been derived.

Hard"hack` (-hk`), n. (Bot.) A very astringent shrub (SpirÊa tomentosa), common in pastures. The Potentilla fruticosa is also called by this name.

Hard"-hand`ed (-hnd`d), a. Having hard hands, as a manual laborer.

Hard-handed men that work in Athens here.

Shak.

Hard"head` (-hd`), n. 1. Clash or collision of heads in contest. Dryden.

2. (Zoˆl.) (a) The menhaden. See Menhaden. [Local, U. S.] (b) Block's gurnard (Trigla gurnardus) of Europe. (c) A California salmon; the steelhead. (d) The gray whale. See Gray whale, under Gray. (e) A coarse American commercial sponge (Spongia dura).

Hard"-head`ed, a. Having sound judgment; sagacious; shrewd. -- Hard"-head`ed*ness, n.

Hard"-heart`ed (-h‰rt`d), a. Unsympathetic; inexorable; cruel; pitiless. -- Hard"-heart`ed*ness, n.

Har"di*head (h‰r"d*hd), n. Hardihood. [Obs.]

Har"di*hood (-hd), n. [Hardy + -hood.] Boldness, united with firmness and constancy of mind; bravery; intrepidity; also, audaciousness; impudence.

A bound of graceful hardihood.

Wordsworth.

It is the society of numbers which gives hardihood to iniquity.

Buckminster.

Syn. -- Intrepidity; courage; pluck; resolution; stoutness; audacity; effrontery; impudence.

Har"di*ly, adv. 1. Same as Hardly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Boldly; stoutly; resolutely. Wyclif.

Har"di*ment (-ment), n. [OF. hardement. See Hardy.] Hardihood; boldness; courage; energetic action. [Obs.]

Changing hardiment with great Glendower.

Shak.

Har"di*ness (-d*ns), n. 1. Capability of endurance.

2. Hardihood; boldness; firmness; assurance. Spenser.

Plenty and peace breeds cowards; Hardness ever Of hardiness is mother.

Shak.

They who were not yet grown to the hardiness of avowing the contempt of the king.

Clarendon.

3. Hardship; fatigue. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hard"ish (h‰rd"sh), a. Somewhat hard.

Hard"-la`bored (h‰rd"l`brd), a. Wrought with severe labor; elaborate; studied. Swift.

Hard"ly (h‰rd"l), adv. [AS. heardlice. See Hard.]

1. In a hard or difficult manner; with difficulty.

Recovering hardly what he lost before.

Dryden.

2. Unwillingly; grudgingly.

The House of Peers gave so hardly their consent.

Milton.

3. Scarcely; barely; not quite; not wholly.

Hardly shall you find any one so bad, but he desires the credit of being thought good.

South.

4. Severely; harshly; roughly.

He has in many things been hardly used.

Swift.

5. Confidently; hardily. [Obs.] Holland.

6. Certainly; surely; indeed. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hard"-mouthed` (-moud`), a. Not sensible to the bit; not easily governed; as, a hard- mouthed horse.

Hard"ness, n. [AS. heardness.] 1. The quality or state of being hard, literally or figuratively.

The habit of authority also had given his manners some peremptory hardness.

Sir W. Scott.

2. (Min.) The cohesion of the particles on the surface of a body, determined by its capacity to scratch another, or be itself scratched; -- measured among minerals on a scale of which diamond and talc form the extremes.

3. (Chem.) The peculiar quality exhibited by water which has mineral salts dissolved in it. Such water forms an insoluble compound with soap, and is hence unfit for washing purposes.

This quality is caused by the presence of calcium carbonate, causing temporary hardness which can be removed by boiling, or by calcium sulphate, causing permanent hardness which can not be so removed, but may be improved by the addition of sodium carbonate.

Har"dock (h‰r"dk), n. [Obs.] See Hordock.

Hard"pan` (h‰rd"pn), n. The hard substratum. Same as Hard pan, under Hard, a.

Hards (h‰rdz), n. pl. [OE. herdes, AS. heordan; akin to G. hede.] The refuse or coarse part of fiax; tow.

Hard"-shell` (h‰rd"shl`), a. Unyielding; insensible to argument; uncompromising; strict. [Colloq., U. S.]

Hard"ship (h‰rd"shp), n. That which is hard to bear, as toil, privation, injury, injustice, etc. Swift.

Hard"spun`, a. Firmly twisted in spinning.

Hard"-tack` (-tk`), n. A name given by soldiers and sailors to a kind of hard biscuit or sea bread.

Hard"tail` (-tl`), n. (Zoˆl.) See Jurel.

Hard"-vis`aged (-vz`jd; 48), a. Of a harsh or stern countenance; hard- featured. Burke.

Hard"ware` (-w‚r`), n. Ware made of metal, as cutlery, kitchen utensils, and the like; ironmongery.

Hard"ware`man (-mn), n.; pl. Hardwaremen (-mn). One who makes, or deals in, hardware.

Har"dy (h‰r"d), a. [Compar. Hardier (-d*r); superl. Hardiest.] [F. hardi, p. p. fr. OF. hardir to make bold; of German origin, cf. OHG. hertan to harden, G. h‰rten. See Hard, a.] 1. Bold; brave; stout; daring; resolute; intrepid.

Hap helpeth hardy man alway.

Chaucer.

2. Confident; full of assurance; in a bad sense, morally hardened; shameless.

3. Strong; firm; compact.

[A] blast may shake in pieces his hardy fabric.

South.

4. Inured to fatigue or hardships; strong; capable of endurance; as, a hardy veteran; a hardy mariner.

5. Able to withstand the cold of winter.

Plants which are hardy in Virginia may perish in New England. Half-hardy plants are those which are able to withstand mild winters or moderate frosts.

Har"dy, n. A blacksmith's fuller or chisel, having a square shank for insertion into a square hole in an anvil, called the hardy hole.

Hare (h‚r), v. t. [Cf. Harry, Harass.] To excite; to tease, harass, or worry; to harry. [Obs.] Locke.

Hare, n. [AS. hara; akin to D. haas, G. hase, OHG. haso, Dan. & Sw. hare, Icel. hri, Skr. ÁaÁa. &radic;226.]

1. (Zoˆl.) A rodent of the genus Lepus, having long hind legs, a short tail, and a divided upper lip. It is a timid animal, moves swiftly by leaps, and is remarkable for its fecundity.

The species of hares are numerous. The common European hare is Lepus timidus. The northern or varying hare of America (L. Americanus), and the prairie hare (L. campestris), turn white in winter. In America, the various species of hares are commonly called rabbits.

2. (Astron.) A small constellation situated south of and under the foot of Orion; Lepus.

Hare and hounds, a game played by men and boys, two, called hares, having a few minutes' start, and scattering bits of paper to indicate their course, being chased by the others, called the hounds, through a wide circuit. -- Hare kangaroo (Zoˆl.), a small Australian kangaroo (Lagorchestes Leporoides), resembling the hare in size and color, -- Hare's lettuce (Bot.), a plant of the genus Sonchus, or sow thistle; -- so called because hares are said to eat it when fainting with heat. Dr. Prior. -- Jumping hare. (Zoˆl.) See under Jumping. -- Little chief hare, or Crying hare. (Zoˆl.) See Chief hare. - - Sea hare. (Zoˆl.) See Aplysia.

Hare"bell` (h‚r"bl`), n. (Bot.) A small, slender, branching plant (Campanula rotundifolia), having blue bell-shaped flowers; also, Scilla nutans, which has similar flowers; -- called also bluebell. [Written also hairbell.]

E'en the light harebell raised its head.

Sir W. Scott.

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Hare"brained` (h‚r"brnd`), a. Wild; giddy; volatile; heedless. "A mad hare-brained fellow." North (Plutarch). [Written also hairbrained.]

Hare"foot` (-ft`), n. 1. (Zoˆl.) A long, narrow foot, carried (that is, produced or extending) forward; -- said of dogs.

2. (Bot.) A tree (Ochroma Lagopus) of the West Indies, having the stamens united somewhat in the form of a hare's foot.

Harefoot clover (Bot.), a species of clover (Trifolium arvense) with soft and silky heads.

Hare"-heart`ed (-h‰rt`d), a. Timorous; timid; easily frightened. Ainsworth.

Hare"hound` (-hound`), n. See Harrier. A. Chalmers.

Har"eld (hr"ld), n. (Zoˆl.) The long-tailed duck. See Old Squaw.

Hare"lip` (h‚r"lp`), n. A lip, commonly the upper one, having a fissure of perpendicular division like that of a hare. -- Hare"lipped` (- lpt`), a.

Ha"rem (h"rm; 277), n.[Ar. haram, orig., anything forbidden or sacred, fr. harama to forbid, prohibit.] [Written also haram and hareem.] 1. The apartments or portion of the house allotted to females in Mohammedan families.

2. The family of wives and concubines belonging to one man, in Mohammedan countries; a seraglio.

Ha*ren"gi*form (h*rn"j*fÙrm), a. [F. hareng herring (LL. harengus) + -form.] Herring-shaped.

Hare's"-ear` (h‚rz"r`), n. (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant (Bupleurum rotundifolium); -- so named from the shape of its leaves. Dr. Prior.

Hare's"-foot` fern` (-ft` frn`). (Bot.) A species of fern (Davallia Canariensis) with a soft, gray, hairy rootstock; -- whence the name.

Hare's"-tail` (-tl`), n. (Bot.) A kind of grass (Eriophorum vaginatum). See Cotton grass, under Cotton.

Hare's-tail grass (Bot.), a species of grass (Lagurus ovatus) whose head resembles a hare's tail.

Har"fang (h‰r"fng), n. [See Hare, n., and Fang.] (Zoˆl.) The snowy owl.

Ha`ri*a"li grass` (h‰`r*‰"l grs`). (Bot.) The East Indian name of the Cynodon Dactylon; dog's-grass.

Har"i*cot (hr"*k; F. `r`k"), n. [F.] 1. A ragout or stew of meat with beans and other vegetables.

2. The ripe seeds, or the unripe pod, of the common string bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), used as a vegetable. Other species of the same genus furnish different kinds of haricots.

Har"i*er (hr"*r), n. (Zoˆl.) See Harrier.

Ha"ri*ka`ri (h‰"r*k‰`r), n. See Hara-kiri.

Har`i*o*la"tion (hr`**l"shn), n. [See Ariolation.] Prognostication; soothsaying. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Har"ish (h‚r"sh), a. Like a hare. [R.] Huloet.

Hark (h‰rk), v. i. [OE. herken. See Hearken.] To listen; to hearken. [Now rare, except in the imperative form used as an interjection, Hark! listen.] Hudibras.

Hark away! Hark back! Hark forward! (Sporting), cries used to incite and guide hounds in hunting. -- To hark back, to go back for a fresh start, as when one has wandered from his direct course, or made a digression.

He must have overshot the mark, and must hark back.

Haggard.

He harked back to the subject.

W. E. Norris.

Hark"en (-'n), v. t. & i. To hearken. Tennyson.

Harl (h‰rl), n. [Cf. OHG. harluf noose, rope; E. hards refuse of flax.] 1. A filamentous substance; especially, the filaments of flax or hemp.

2. A barb, or barbs, of a fine large feather, as of a peacock or ostrich, -- used in dressing artificial flies. [Written also herl.]

Harle (h‰rl), n. (Zoˆl.) The red-breasted merganser.

Har"lech group` (h‰r"lk grp`). [So called from Harlech in Wales.] (Geol.) A minor subdivision at the base of the Cambrian system in Wales.

Har"le*quin (h‰r"l*kn or -kwn), n. [F. arlequin, formerly written also harlequin (cf. It, arlecchino), prob. fr. OF. hierlekin, hellequin, goblin, elf, which is prob. of German or Dutch origin; cf. D. hel hell. Cf. Hell, Kin.] A buffoon, dressed in party-colored clothes, who plays tricks, often without speaking, to divert the bystanders or an audience; a merry-andrew; originally, a droll rogue of Italian comedy. Percy Smith.

As dumb harlequin is exhibited in our theaters.

Johnson.

Harlequin bat (Zoˆl.), an Indian bat (Scotophilus ornatus), curiously variegated with white spots. -- Harlequin beetle (Zoˆl.), a very large South American beetle (Acrocinus longimanus) having very long legs and antennÊ. The elytra are curiously marked with red, black, and gray. -- Harlequin cabbage bug. (Zoˆl.) See Calicoback. -- Harlequin caterpillar. (Zoˆl.), the larva of an American bombycid moth (EuchÊtes egle) which is covered with black, white, yellow, and orange tufts of hair. -- Harlequin duck (Zoˆl.), a North American duck (Histrionicus histrionicus). The male is dark ash, curiously streaked with white. -- Harlequin moth. (Zoˆl.) See Magpie Moth. -- Harlequin opal. See Opal. -- Harlequin snake (Zoˆl.), a small, poisonous snake (Elaps fulvius), ringed with red and black, found in the Southern United States.

Har"le*quin (h‰r"l*kn or -kwn), v. i. To play the droll; to make sport by playing ludicrous tricks.

Har"le*quin, v. t. To remove or conjure away, as by a harlequin's trick.

And kitten, if the humor hit Has harlequined away the fit.

M. Green.

Har"le*quin*ade` (-d`), n. [F. arlequinade.] A play or part of a play in which the harlequin is conspicuous; the part of a harlequin. Macaulay.

Har"lock (h‰r"lk), n. Probably a corruption either of charlock or hardock. Drayton.

Har"lot (-lt), n. [OE. harlot, herlot, a vagabond, OF. harlot, herlot, arlot; cf. Pr. arlot, Sp. arlote, It. arlotto; of uncertain origin.] 1. A churl; a common man; a person, male or female, of low birth. [Obs.]

He was a gentle harlot and a kind.

Chaucer.

2. A person given to low conduct; a rogue; a cheat; a rascal. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. A woman who prostitutes her body for hire; a prostitute; a common woman; a strumpet.

Har"lot, a. Wanton; lewd; low; base. Shak.

Har"lot, v. i. To play the harlot; to practice lewdness. Milton.

Har"lot*ize (-z), v. i. To harlot. [Obs.] Warner.

Har"lot*ry (-r), n. 1. Ribaldry; buffoonery; a ribald story. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Chaucer.

2. The trade or practice of prostitution; habitual or customary lewdness. Dryden.

3. Anything meretricious; as, harlotry in art.

4. A harlot; a strumpet; a baggage. [Obs.]

He sups to-night with a harlotry.

Shak.

Harm (h‰rm), n. [OE. harm, hearm, AS. hearm; akin to OS. harm, G. harm grief, Icel. harmr, Dan. harme, Sw. harm; cf. OSlav. & Russ. sram' shame, Skr. Árama toil, fatigue.] 1. Injury; hurt; damage; detriment; misfortune.

2. That which causes injury, damage, or loss.

We, ignorant of ourselves, Beg often our own harms.

Shak.

Syn. -- Mischief; evil; loss; injury. See Mischief.

Harm, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harmed (h‰rmd); p. pr. & vb. n. Harming.] [OE. harmen, AS. hearmian. See Harm, n.] To hurt; to injure; to damage; to wrong.

Though yet he never harmed me.

Shak.

No ground of enmity between us known Why he should mean me ill or seek to harm.

Milton.

Har"ma*line (h‰r"m*ln or -ln), n. [Cf. F. harmaline See Harmel.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in the plant Peganum harmala. It forms bitter, yellow salts.

Har*mat"tan (h‰r*mt"tan), n. [F. harmattan, prob. of Arabic origin.] A dry, hot wind, prevailing on the Atlantic coast of Africa, in December, January, and February, blowing from the interior or Sahara. It is usually accompanied by a haze which obscures the sun.

Har"mel (h‰r"ml), n. [Ar. harmal.] (Bot.) A kind of rue (Ruta sylvestris) growing in India. At Lahore the seeds are used medicinally and for fumigation.

Harm"ful (h‰rm"fl), a. Full of harm; injurious; hurtful; mischievous. " Most harmful hazards." Strype.

--Harm"ful*ly, adv. -- Harm"ful*ness, n.

Har"mine (h‰r"mn or -mn), n.[See Harmaline.] (Chem.) An alkaloid accompanying harmaline (in the Peganum harmala), and obtained from it by oxidation. It is a white crystalline substance.

Harm"less (h‰rm"ls), a. 1. Free from harm; unhurt; as, to give bond to save another harmless.

2. Free from power or disposition to harm; innocent; inoffensive. " The harmless deer." Drayton

Syn. -- Innocent; innoxious; innocuous; inoffensive; unoffending; unhurt; uninjured; unharmed.

--Harm"less*ly, adv.- Harm"less*ness, n.

Har*mon"ic (h‰r*mn"k), Har*mon"ic*al (-*kal), a. [L. harmonicus, Gr. "armoniko`s; cf. F. harmonique. See Harmony.] 1. Concordant; musical; consonant; as, harmonic sounds.

Harmonic twang! of leather, horn, and brass.

Pope.

2. (Mus.) Relating to harmony, -- as melodic relates to melody; harmonious; esp., relating to the accessory sounds or overtones which accompany the predominant and apparent single tone of any string or sonorous body.

3. (Math.) Having relations or properties bearing some resemblance to those of musical consonances; -- said of certain numbers, ratios, proportions, points, lines, motions, and the like.

Harmonic interval (Mus.), the distance between two notes of a chord, or two consonant notes. - - Harmonical mean (Arith. & Alg.), certain relations of numbers and quantities, which bear an analogy to musical consonances. -- Harmonic motion, the motion of the point A, of the foot of the perpendicular PA, when P moves uniformly in the circumference of a circle, and PA is drawn perpendicularly upon a fixed diameter of the circle. This is simple harmonic motion. The combinations, in any way, of two or more simple harmonic motions, make other kinds of harmonic motion. The motion of the pendulum bob of a clock is approximately simple harmonic motion. -- Harmonic proportion. See under Proportion. -- Harmonic series or progression. See under Progression. -- Spherical harmonic analysis, a mathematical method, sometimes referred to as that of Laplace's Coefficients, which has for its object the expression of an arbitrary, periodic function of two independent variables, in the proper form for a large class of physical problems, involving arbitrary data, over a spherical surface, and the deduction of solutions for every point of space. The functions employed in this method are called spherical harmonic functions. Thomson & Tait. -- Harmonic suture (Anat.), an articulation by simple apposition of comparatively smooth surfaces or edges, as between the two superior maxillary bones in man; -- called also harmonia, and harmony. -- Harmonic triad (Mus.), the chord of a note with its third and fifth; the common chord.

Har*mon"ic (h‰r*mn"k), n. (Mus.) A musical note produced by a number of vibrations which is a multiple of the number producing some other; an overtone. See Harmonics.

Har*mon"i*ca (-*k), n. [Fem. fr. L. harmonicus harmonic. See Harmonic, n. ] 1. A musical instrument, consisting of a series of hemispherical glasses which, by touching the edges with the dampened finger, give forth the tones.

2. A toy instrument of strips of glass or metal hung on two tapes, and struck with hammers.

Har*mon"ic*al*ly (-*kal*l), adv. 1. In an harmonical manner; harmoniously.

2. In respect to harmony, as distinguished from melody; as, a passage harmonically correct.

3. (Math.) In harmonical progression.

Har*mon"i*con (-*kn), n. A small, flat, wind instrument of music, in which the notes are produced by the vibration of free metallic reeds.

Har*mon"ics (-ks), n. 1. The doctrine or science of musical sounds.

2. pl. (Mus.) Secondary and less distinct tones which accompany any principal, and apparently simple, tone, as the octave, the twelfth, the fifteenth, and the seventeenth. The name is also applied to the artificial tones produced by a string or column of air, when the impulse given to it suffices only to make a part of the string or column vibrate; overtones.

Har*mo"ni*ous (h‰r*m"n*s), a. [Cf. F. harmonieux. See Harmony.] 1. Adapted to each other; having parts proportioned to each other; symmetrical.

God hath made the intellectual world harmonious and beautiful without us.

Locke.

2. Acting together to a common end; agreeing in action or feeling; living in peace and friendship; as, an harmonious family.

3. Vocally or musically concordant; agreeably consonant; symphonious.

-- Har*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. -- Har*mo"ni*ous*ness, n.

Har*mon"i*phon (h‰r*mn"*fn), n. [Gr. "armoni`a harmony + fwnh` sound.] (Mus.) An obsolete wind instrument with a keyboard, in which the sound, which resembled the oboe, was produced by the vibration of thin metallic plates, acted upon by blowing through a tube.

Har"mo*nist (h‰r"m*nst), n. [Cf. F. harmoniste.] 1. One who shows the agreement or harmony of corresponding passages of different authors, as of the four evangelists.

2. (Mus.) One who understands the principles of harmony or is skillful in applying them in composition; a musical composer.

{ Har"mo*nist, Har"mo*nite (-nt), } n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a religious sect, founded in W¸rtemburg in the last century, composed of followers of George Rapp, a weaver. They had all their property in common. In 1803, a portion of this sect settled in Pennsylvania and called the village thus established, Harmony.

Har*mo"ni*um (h‰r*m"n*m), n. [NL. See Harmony. ] A musical instrument, resembling a small organ and especially designed for church music, in which the tones are produced by forcing air by means of a bellows so as to cause the vibration of free metallic reeds. It is now made with one or two keyboards, and has pedals and stops.

Har`mo*ni*za"tion (h‰r`m*n*z"shn), n. The act of harmonizing.

Har"mo*nize (h‰r"m*nz), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Harmonized (- nzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Harmonizing (- n"zng).] [Cf. F. harmoniser. ] 1. To agree in action, adaptation, or effect on the mind; to agree in sense or purport; as, the parts of a mechanism harmonize.

2. To be in peace and friendship, as individuals, families, or public organizations.

3. To agree in vocal or musical effect; to form a concord; as, the tones harmonize perfectly.

Har"mo*nize, v. t. 1. To adjust in fit proportions; to cause to agree; to show the agreement of; to reconcile the apparent contradiction of.

2. (Mus.) To accompany with harmony; to provide with parts, as an air, or melody.

Har"mo*ni`zer (-n`zr), n. One who harmonizes.

Har`mo*nom"e*ter (-nm"*tr), n. [Gr. "armoni`a harmony + meter: cf. F. harmonomËtre.] An instrument for measuring the harmonic relations of sounds. It is often a monochord furnished with movable bridges.

Har"mo*ny (h‰r"m*n), n.; pl. Harmonies (- nz). [ F. harmonie, L. harmonia, Gr. "armoni`a joint, proportion, concord, fr. "armo`s a fitting or joining. See Article.] 1. The just adaptation of parts to each other, in any system or combination of things, or in things intended to form a connected whole; such an agreement between the different parts of a design or composition as to produce unity of effect; as, the harmony of the universe.

2. Concord or agreement in facts, opinions, manners, interests, etc.; good correspondence; peace and friendship; as, good citizens live in harmony.

3. A literary work which brings together or arranges systematically parallel passages of historians respecting the same events, and shows their agreement or consistency; as, a harmony of the Gospels.

4. (Mus.) (a) A succession of chords according to the rules of progression and modulation. (b) The science which treats of their construction and progression.

Ten thousand harps, that tuned Angelic harmonies.

Milton.

5. (Anat.) See Harmonic suture, under Harmonic.

Close harmony, Dispersed harmony, etc. See under Close, Dispersed, etc. -- Harmony of the spheres. See Music of the spheres, under Music.

Syn. -- Harmony, Melody. Harmony results from the concord of two or more strains or sounds which differ in pitch and quality. Melody denotes the pleasing alternation and variety of musical and measured sounds, as they succeed each other in a single verse or strain.

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Har"most (h‰r"mst), n. [Gr. "armosth`s, fr. "armo`zein to join, arrange, command: cf. F. harmoste. See Harmony.] (Gr. Antiq.) A city governor or prefect appointed by the Spartans in the cities subjugated by them.

Har"mo*tome (-m*tm), n. [Gr. "armo`s a joint + te`mnein to cut: cf. F. harmotome.] (Min.) A hydrous silicate of alumina and baryta, occurring usually in white cruciform crystals; cross- stone.

A related mineral, called lime harmotome, and Phillipsite, contains lime in place of baryta. Dana.

Har"ness (-ns), n. [OE. harneis, harnes, OF. harneis, F. harnais, harnois; of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. harnez old iron, armor, W. haiarn iron, Armor. houarn, Ir. iarann, Gael. iarunn. Cf. Iron.] 1. Originally, the complete dress, especially in a military sense, of a man or a horse; hence, in general, armor.

At least we'll die with harness on our back.

Shak.

2. The equipment of a draught or carriage horse, for drawing a wagon, coach, chaise, etc.; gear; tackling.

3. The part of a loom comprising the heddles, with their means of support and motion, by which the threads of the warp are alternately raised and depressed for the passage of the shuttle.

To die in harness, to die with armor on; hence, colloquially, to die while actively engaged in work or duty.

Har"ness, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harnessed (-nst); p. pr. & vb. n. Harnessing.] [OE. harneisen; cf. F. harnacher, OF. harneschier.] 1. To dress in armor; to equip with armor for war, as a horseman; to array.

Harnessed in rugged steel.

Rowe.

A gay dagger, Harnessed well and sharp as point of spear.

Chaucer.

2. Fig.: To equip or furnish for defense. Dr. H. More.

3. To make ready for draught; to equip with harness, as a horse. Also used figuratively.

Harnessed to some regular profession.

J. C. Shairp.

Harnessed antelope. (Zoˆl.) See Guib. -- Harnessed moth (Zoˆl.), an American bombycid moth (Arctia phalerata of Harris), having, on the fore wings, stripes and bands of buff on a black ground.

Har"ness cask` (ksk`). (Naut.) A tub lashed to a vessel's deck and containing salted provisions for daily use; -- called also harness tub. W. C. Russell.

Har"ness*er (-r), n. One who harnesses.

Harns (h‰rnz), n. pl. [Akin to Icel. hjarni, Dan. hierne.] The brains. [Scot.]

Harp (h‰rp), n. [OE. harpe, AS. hearpe; akin to D. harp, G. harfe, OHG. harpha, Dan. harpe, Icel. & Sw. harpa.] 1. A musical instrument consisting of a triangular frame furnished with strings and sometimes with pedals, held upright, and played with the fingers.

2. (Astron.) A constellation; Lyra, or the Lyre.

3. A grain sieve. [Scot.]

∆olian harp. See under ∆olian.

Harp seal (Zoˆl.), an arctic seal (Phoca Grúnlandica). The adult males have a light- colored body, with a harp-shaped mark of black on each side, and the face and throat black. Called also saddler, and saddleback. The immature ones are called bluesides. -- Harp shell (Zoˆl.), a beautiful marine gastropod shell of the genus Harpa, of several species, found in tropical seas. See Harpa.

Harp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Harped (h‰rpt) p. pr. & vb. n. Harping.] [AS. hearpian. See Harp, n.] 1. To play on the harp.

I heard the voice of harpers, harping with their harps.

Rev. xiv. 2.

2. To dwell on or recur to a subject tediously or monotonously in speaking or in writing; to refer to something repeatedly or continually; -- usually with on or upon. "Harpings upon old themes." W. Irving.

Harping on what I am, Not what he knew I was.

Shak.

To harp on one string, to dwell upon one subject with disagreeable or wearisome persistence. [Colloq.]

Harp, v. t. To play on, as a harp; to play (a tune) on the harp; to develop or give expression to by skill and art; to sound forth as from a harp; to hit upon.

Thou 'st harped my fear aright.

Shak.

||Har"pa (h‰r"p), n. [L., harp.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of marine univalve ||shells; the harp shells; -- so called from the form of the shells, ||and their ornamental ribs.

Har"pa*gon (-gn), n. [L. harpago, Gr. "arpa`gh hook, rake.] A grappling iron. [Obs.]

Harp"er (h‰rp"r), n. [AS. hearpere.] 1. A player on the harp; a minstrel.

The murmuring pines and the hemlocks . . . Stand like harpers hoar, with beards that rest on their bosoms.

Longfellow.

2. A brass coin bearing the emblem of a harp, -- formerly current in Ireland. B. Jonson.

Harp"ing (h‰rp"ng), a. Pertaining to the harp; as, harping symphonies. Milton.

Harp"ing i`ron (`rn). [F. harper to grasp strongly. See Harpoon.] A harpoon. Evelyn.

Harp"ings (-ngz), n. pl. (Naut.) The fore parts of the wales, which encompass the bow of a vessel, and are fastened to the stem. [Written also harpins.] Totten.

Harp"ist, n. [Cf. F. harpiste.] A player on the harp; a harper. W. Browne.

Har*poon" (h‰r*pn"), n. [F. harpon, LL. harpo, perh. of Ger. origin, fr. the harp; cf. F. harper to take and grasp strongly, harpe a dog's claw, harpin boathook (the sense of hook coming from the shape of the harp); but cf. also Gr. "a`rph the kite, sickle, and E. harpy. Cf. Harp.] A spear or javelin used to strike and kill large fish, as whales; a harping iron. It consists of a long shank, with a broad, fiat, triangular head, sharpened at both edges, and is thrown by hand, or discharged from a gun.

Harpoon fork, a kind of hayfork, consisting of bar with hinged barbs at one end and a loop for a rope at the other end, used for lifting hay from the load by horse power. -- Harpoon gun, a gun used in the whale fishery for shooting the harpoon into a whale.

Har*poon", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harpooned (-pnd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Harpooning.] To strike, catch, or kill with a harpoon.

Har`poon*eer" (h‰r`pn*r"), n. An harpooner. Crabb.

Har*poon"er (h‰r*pn"r), n. [Cf. F. harponneur.] One who throws the harpoon.

Harp"ress (h‰rp"rs), n. A female harper. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

Harp"si*chon (h‰rp"s*kn), n. A harpsichord. [Obs.]

Harp"si*chord (-kÙrd), n. [OF. harpechorde, in which the harpe is of German origin. See Harp, and Chord.] (Mus.) A harp-shaped instrument of music set horizontally on legs, like the grand piano, with strings of wire, played by the fingers, by means of keys provided with quills, instead of hammers, for striking the strings. It is now superseded by the piano.

Har"py (h‰r"p), n.; pl. Harpies (-pz). [F. harpie, L. harpyia, Gr. "a`rpyia, from the root of "arpa`zein to snatch, to seize. Cf. Rapacious.] 1. (Gr. Myth.) A fabulous winged monster, ravenous and filthy, having the face of a woman and the body of a vulture, with long claws, and the face pale with hunger. Some writers mention two, others three.

Both table and provisions vanished quite. With sound of harpies' wings and talons heard.

Milton.

2. One who is rapacious or ravenous; an extortioner.

The harpies about all pocket the pool.

Goldsmith.

3. (Zoˆl.) (a) The European moor buzzard or marsh harrier (Circus Êruginosus). (b) A large and powerful, double-crested, short-winged American eagle (ThrasaÎtus harpyia). It ranges from Texas to Brazil.

Harpy bat (Zoˆl.) (a) An East Indian fruit bat of the genus Harpyia (esp. H. cephalotes), having prominent, tubular nostrils. (b) A small, insectivorous Indian bat (Harpiocephalus harpia). -- Harpy fly (Zoˆl.), the house fly.

{ Har"que*bus Har"que*buse } (h‰r"kw*bs), n. [See Arquebus.] A firearm with match holder, trigger, and tumbler, made in the second half of the 15th century. The barrel was about forty inches long. A form of the harquebus was subsequently called arquebus with matchlock.

Har"rage (hr"rj; 48) v. t. [See Harry.] To harass; to plunder from. [Obs.] Fuller.

Har"re (h‰r"re), n. [OE., fr. AS. heorr, hÌor.] A hinge. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Har"ri*dan (hr"r*dan), n. [F. haridelle a worn-out horse, jade.] A worn-out strumpet; a vixenish woman; a hag.

Such a weak, watery, wicked old harridan, substituted for the pretty creature I had been used to see.

De Quincey.

Har"ri*er (-r), n. [From Hare, n.] (Zoˆl.) One of a small breed of hounds, used for hunting hares. [Written also harier.]

Har"ri*er, n. [From Harry.] 1. One who harries.

2. (Zoˆl.) One of several species of hawks or buzzards of the genus Circus which fly low and harry small animals or birds, -- as the European marsh harrier (Circus Êruginosus), and the hen harrier (C. cyaneus).

Harrier hawk(Zoˆl.), one of several species of American hawks of the genus Micrastur.

Har"row (hr"r), n. [OE. harowe, harwe, AS. hearge; cf. D. hark rake, G. harke, Icel. herfi harrow, Dan. harve, Sw. harf. &radic;16.] 1. An implement of agriculture, usually formed of pieces of timber or metal crossing each other, and set with iron or wooden teeth. It is drawn over plowed land to level it and break the clods, to stir the soil and make it fine, or to cover seed when sown.

2. (Mil.) An obstacle formed by turning an ordinary harrow upside down, the frame being buried.

Bush harrow, a kind of light harrow made of bushes, for harrowing grass lands and covering seeds, or to finish the work of a toothed harrow. -- Drill harrow. See under 6th Drill. -- Under the harrow, subjected to actual torture with a toothed instrument, or to great affliction or oppression.

Har"row, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harrowed (-rd); p. pr. & vb. n. Harrowing.] [OE. harowen, harwen; cf. Dan. harve. See Harrow, n.] 1. To draw a harrow over, as for the purpose of breaking clods and leveling the surface, or for covering seed; as, to harrow land.

Will he harrow the valleys after thee?

Job xxxix. 10.

2. To break or tear, as with a harrow; to wound; to lacerate; to torment or distress; to vex.

My aged muscles harrowed up with whips.

Rowe.

I could a tale unfold, whose lightest word Would harrow up thy soul.

Shak.

Har"row, interj. [OF. harau, haro; fr. OHG. hara, hera, herot, or fr. OS. herod hither, akin to E. here.] Help! Halloo! An exclamation of distress; a call for succor; -- the ancient Norman hue and cry. "Harrow and well away!" Spenser.

Harrow! alas! here lies my fellow slain.

Chaucer.

Har"row, v. t. [See Harry.] To pillage; to harry; to oppress. [Obs.] Spenser.

Meaning thereby to harrow his people.

Bacon

Har"row*er (-r), n. One who harrows.

Har"row*er, n. One who harries. [Obs.]

Har"ry (-r), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harried (-rd); p. pr. & vb. n. Harrying.] [OE. harwen, herien, herien, AS. hergian to act as an army, to ravage, plunder, fr. here army; akin to G. heer, Icel. herr, Goth. harjis, and Lith. karas war. Cf. Harbor, Herald, Heriot.]

1. To strip; to pillage; to lay waste; as, the Northmen came several times and harried the land.

To harry this beautiful region.

W. Irving.

A red squirrel had harried the nest of a wood thrush.

J. Burroughs.

2. To agitate; to worry; to harrow; to harass. Shak.

Syn. -- To ravage; plunder; pillage; lay waste; vex; tease; worry; annoy; harass.

Har"ry, v. i. To make a predatory incursion; to plunder or lay waste. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Harsh (h‰rsh), a. [Compar. Harsher (-r); superl. Harshest.] [OE. harsk; akin to G. harsch, Dan. harsk rancid, Sw. h‰rsk; from the same source as E. hard. See Hard, a.] 1. Rough; disagreeable; grating; esp.: (a) To the touch. "Harsh sand." Boyle. (b) To the taste. "Berries harsh and crude." Milton. (c) To the ear. "Harsh din." Milton.

2. Unpleasant and repulsive to the sensibilities; austere; crabbed; morose; abusive; abusive; severe; rough.

Clarence is so harsh, so blunt.

Shak.

Though harsh the precept, yet the preacher charmed.

Dryden.

3. (Painting, Drawing, etc.) Having violent contrasts of color, or of light and shade; lacking in harmony.

Harsh"ly, adv. In a harsh manner; gratingly; roughly; rudely.

'T will sound harshly in her ears.

Shak.

Harsh"ness, n. The quality or state of being harsh.

O, she is Ten times more gentle than her father's crabbed, And he's composed of harshness.

Shak.

'Tis not enough no harshness gives offense, The sound must seem an echo to the sense.

Pope.

Syn. -- Acrimony; roughness; sternness; asperity; tartness. See Acrimony.

Hars"let (h‰rs"lt), n. See Haslet.

Hart (h‰rt), n. [OE. hart, hert, heort, AS. heort, heorot; akin to D. hert, OHG. hiruz, hirz, G. hirsch, Icel. hjˆrtr, Dan. & Sw. hjort, L. cervus, and prob. to Gr. kerao`s horned, ke`ras horn. &radic;230. See Horn.] (Zoˆl.) A stag; the male of the red deer. See the Note under Buck.

Goodliest of all the forest, hart and hind.

Milton.

Hart"beest` (-bst`), n. [D. hertebeest. See Hart, and Beast.] (Zoˆl.) A large South African antelope (Alcelaphus caama), formerly much more abundant than it is now. The face and legs are marked with black, the rump with white. [Written also hartebeest, and hartebest.]

Hart"en (-'n), v. t. To hearten; to encourage; to incite. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hart"ford (h‰rt"frd), n. The Hartford grape, a variety of grape first raised at Hartford, Connecticut, from the Northern fox grape. Its large dark-colored berries ripen earlier than those of most other kinds.

Hart's" clo`ver (h‰rts" kl`vr). (Bot.) Melilot or sweet clover. See Melilot.

Hart's"-ear` (-r`), n. (Bot.) An Asiatic species of Cacalia (C. Kleinia), used medicinally in India.

Harts"horn` (-hÙrn`), n. 1. The horn or antler of the hart, or male red deer.

2. Spirits of hartshorn (see below); volatile salts.

Hartshorn plantain (Bot.), an annual species of plantain (Plantago Coronopus); -- called also buck's-horn. Booth. -- Hartshorn shavings, originally taken from the horns of harts, are now obtained chiefly by planing down the bones of calves. They afford a kind of jelly. Hebert. -- Salt of hartshorn (Chem.), an impure solid carbonate of ammonia, obtained by the destructive distillation of hartshorn, or any kind of bone; volatile salts. Brande & C. -- Spirits of hartshorn (Chem.), a solution of ammonia in water; -- so called because formerly obtained from hartshorn shavings by destructive distillation. Similar ammoniacal solutions from other sources have received the same name.

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Hart's"-tongue` (h‰rts"tng`), n. (Bot.) (a) A common British fern (Scolopendrium vulgare), rare in America. (b) A West Indian fern, the Polypodium Phyllitidis of LinnÊus. It is also found in Florida.

Hart"wort` (h‰rt"w˚rt`), n. (Bot.) A coarse umbelliferous plant of Europe (Tordylium maximum).

The name is often vaguely given to other plants of the same order, as species of Seseli and Bupleurum.

Har"um-scar"um (h‚r"m*sk‚r"m), a. [Cf. hare,v. t., and scare, v. t.] Wild; giddy; flighty; rash; thoughtless. [Colloq.]

They had a quarrel with Sir Thomas Newcome's own son, a harum-scarum lad.

Thackeray.

Ha*rus`pi*ca"tion (h*rs`p*k"shn), n. See Haruspicy. Tylor.

Ha*rus"pice (h*rs"ps), n. [F., fr. L. haruspex.] A diviner of ancient Rome. Same as Aruspice.

Ha*rus"pi*cy (-p*s), n. The art or practices of haruspices. See Aruspicy.

Har"vest (h‰r"vst), n. [OE. harvest, hervest, AS. hÊrfest autumn; akin to LG. harfst, D. herfst, OHG. herbist, G. herbst, and prob. to L. carpere to pluck, Gr. karpo`s fruit. Cf. Carpet.] 1. The gathering of a crop of any kind; the ingathering of the crops; also, the season of gathering grain and fruits, late summer or early autumn.

Seedtime and harvest . . . shall not cease.

Gen. viii. 22.

At harvest, when corn is ripe.

Tyndale.

2. That which is reaped or ready to be reaped or gathered; a crop, as of grain (wheat, maize, etc.), or fruit.

Put ye in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe.

Joel iii. 13.

To glean the broken ears after the man That the main harvest reaps.

Shak.

3. The product or result of any exertion or labor; gain; reward.

The pope's principal harvest was in the jubilee.

Fuller.

The harvest of a quiet eye.

Wordsworth.

Harvest fish (Zoˆl.), a marine fish of the Southern United States (Stromateus alepidotus); -- called whiting in Virginia. Also applied to the dollar fish. -- Harvest fly (Zoˆl.), an hemipterous insect of the genus Cicada, often called locust. See Cicada. -- Harvest lord, the head reaper at a harvest. [Obs.] Tusser. -- Harvest mite (Zoˆl.), a minute European mite (Leptus autumnalis), of a bright crimson color, which is troublesome by penetrating the skin of man and domestic animals; -- called also harvest louse, and harvest bug. -- Harvest moon, the moon near the full at the time of harvest in England, or about the autumnal equinox, when, by reason of the small angle that is made by the moon's orbit with the horizon, it rises nearly at the same hour for several days. -- Harvest mouse (Zoˆl.), a very small European field mouse (Mus minutus). It builds a globular nest on the stems of wheat and other plants. -- Harvest queen, an image representing Ceres, formerly carried about on the last day of harvest. Milton. -- Harvest spider. (Zoˆl.) See Daddy longlegs.

Har"vest, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harvested; p. pr. & vb. n. Harvesting.] To reap or gather, as any crop.

Har"vest*er (-r), n. 1. One who harvests; a machine for cutting and gathering grain; a reaper.

2. (Zoˆl.) A harvesting ant.

Har"vest-home" (-hm), n. 1. The gathering and bringing home of the harvest; the time of harvest.

Showed like a stubble land at harvest- home.

Shak.

2. The song sung by reapers at the feast made at the close of the harvest; the feast itself. Dryden.

3. A service of thanksgiving, at harvest time, in the Church of England and in the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States.

4. The opportunity of gathering treasure. Shak.

Har"vest*ing, a. & n., from Harvest, v. t.

Harvesting ant (Zoˆl.), any species of ant which gathers and stores up seeds for food. Many species are known.

The species found in Southern Europe and Palestine are Aphenogaster structor and A. barbara; that of Texas, called agricultural ant, is Pogonomyrmex barbatus or Myrmica molifaciens; that of Florida is P. crudelis. See Agricultural ant, under Agricultural.

Har"vest*less, a. Without harvest; lacking in crops; barren. "Harvestless autumns." Tennyson.

Har"vest*man (-man), n.; pl. Harvestmen (-men). 1. A man engaged in harvesting. Shak.

2. (Zoˆl.) See Daddy longlegs, 1.

Har"vest*ry (-r), n. The act of harvesting; also, that which is harvested. Swinburne.

Har"y (hr"), v. t. [Cf. OF. harier to harass, or E. harry, v. t.] To draw; to drag; to carry off by violence. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Has (hz), 3d pers. sing. pres. of Have.

Has"ard (-rd), n. Hazard. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hase (hz), v. t. [Obs.] See Haze, v. t.

Hash (hsh), n. [Formerly hachey, hachee, F. hachis, fr. hacher to hash; of German origin; cf. G. hippe sickle, OHG. hippa, for happia. Cf. Hatchet.] 1. That which is hashed or chopped up; meat and vegetables, especially such as have been already cooked, chopped into small pieces and mixed.

2. A new mixture of old matter; a second preparation or exhibition.

I can not bear elections, and still less the hash of them over again in a first session.

Walpole.

Hash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hashed (hsht); p. pr. & vb. n. Hashing.] [From Hash, n.: cf. F. hacher to hash.] To chop into small pieces; to mince and mix; as, to hash meat. Hudibras.

{ Hash"eesh Hash"ish } (hsh"sh), n. [Ar. hashsh.] A slightly acrid gum resin produced by the common hemp (Cannabis sativa), of the variety Indica, when cultivated in a warm climate; also, the tops of the plant, from which the resinous product is obtained. It is narcotic, and has long been used in the East for its intoxicating effect. See Bhang, and Ganja.

Hask (hsk), n. [See Hassock.] A basket made of rushes or flags, as for carrying fish. [Obs.] Spenser.

Has"let (hs"lt), n. [F. h‚telettes broil, for hastelettes, fr. F. haste spit; cf. L. hasta spear, and also OHG. harst gridiron.] The edible viscera, as the heart, liver, etc., of a beast, esp. of a hog. [Written also harslet.]

Hasp (hsp), n. [OE. hasp, hesp, AS. hÊpse; akin to G. haspe, h‰spe, Sw. & Dan. haspe, Icel. hespa.]

1. A clasp, especially a metal strap permanently fast at one end to a staple or pin, while the other passes over a staple, and is fastened by a padlock or a pin; also, a metallic hook for fastening a door.

2. A spindle to wind yarn, thread, or silk on.

3. An instrument for cutting the surface of grass land; a scarifier.

Hasp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hasped (hspt); p. pr. & vb. n. Hasping.] [AS. hÊpsian.] To shut or fasten with a hasp.

Has"sock (hs"sk), n. [Scot. hassock, hassik, a besom, anything bushy, a large, round turf used as a seat, OE. hassok sedgy ground, W. hesgog sedgy, hesg sedge, rushes; cf. Ir. seisg, and E. sedge.] 1. A rank tuft of bog grass; a tussock. Forby.

2. A small stuffed cushion or footstool, for kneeling on in church, or for home use.

And knees and hassocks are well nigh divorced.

Cowper.

Hast (hst), 2d pers. sing. pres. of Have, contr. of havest. [Archaic]

{ Has"tate (hs"tt), Has"ta*ted(- t*td), } a. [L. hastatus, fr. hasta spear. Cf. Gad, n.] Shaped like the head of a halberd; triangular, with the basal angles or lobes spreading; as, a hastate leaf.

Haste (hst), n. [OE. hast; akin to D. haast, G., Dan., Sw., & OFries. hast, cf. OF. haste, F. h‚te (of German origin); all perh. fr. the root of E. hate in a earlier sense of, to pursue. See Hate.] 1. Celerity of motion; speed; swiftness; dispatch; expedition; -- applied only to voluntary beings, as men and other animals.

The king's business required haste.

1 Sam. xxi. 8.

2. The state of being urged or pressed by business; hurry; urgency; sudden excitement of feeling or passion; precipitance; vehemence.

I said in my haste, All men are liars.

Ps. cxvi. 11.

To make haste, to hasten.

Syn. -- Speed; quickness; nimbleness; swiftness; expedition; dispatch; hurry; precipitance; vehemence; precipitation. -- Haste, Hurry, Speed, Dispatch. Haste denotes quickness of action and a strong desire for getting on; hurry includes a confusion and want of collected thought not implied in haste; speed denotes the actual progress which is made; dispatch, the promptitude and rapidity with which things are done. A man may properly be in haste, but never in a hurry. Speed usually secures dispatch.

Haste, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Hasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hasting.] [OE. hasten; akin to G. hasten, D. haasten, Dan. haste, Sw. hasta, OF. haster, F. h‚ter. See Haste, n.] To hasten; to hurry. [Archaic]

I 'll haste the writer.

Shak.

They were troubled and hasted away.

Ps. xlviii. 5.

Has"ten (hs"'n), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hastened (-'nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Hastening (-'n*ng).] To press; to drive or urge forward; to push on; to precipitate; to accelerate the movement of; to expedite; to hurry.

I would hasten my escape from the windy storm.

Ps. lv. 8.

Has"ten, v. i. To move with celerity; to be rapid in motion; to act speedily or quickly; to go quickly.

I hastened to the spot whence the noise came.

De Foe.

Has"ten*er (-r), n. 1. One who hastens.

2. That which hastens; especially, a stand or reflector used for confining the heat of the fire to meat while roasting before it.

Has"tif (hs"tf), a. [OF. See Hastive.] Hasty. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Has"tif*ly, adv. [Obs.]

Has"tile (hs"tl or -tl), a. [L. hasta a spear.] (Bot.) Same as Hastate. Gray.

Has"ti*ly (hs"t*l), adv. [From Hasty.] 1. In haste; with speed or quickness; speedily; nimbly.

2. Without due reflection; precipitately; rashly.

We hastily engaged in the war.

Swift.

3. Passionately; impatiently. Shak.

Has"ti*ness, n. The quality or state of being hasty; haste; precipitation; rashness; quickness of temper.

Has"tings (-tngz), n. pl. [From Haste, v.] Early fruit or vegetables; especially, early pease. Mortimer.

Has"tings sands` (sndz`). (Geol.) The lower group of the Wealden formation; -- so called from its development around Hastings, in Sussex, England.

Has"tive (-tv), a. [OF. hastif. See Haste, n., and cf. Hastif.] Forward; early; -- said of fruits. [Obs.]

Has"ty (hs"t), a. [Compar. Hastier (-t*r); superl. Hastiest.] [Akin to D. haastig, G., Sw., & Dan. hastig. See Haste, n.] 1. Involving haste; done, made, etc., in haste; as, a hasty retreat; a hasty sketch.

2. Demanding haste or immediate action. [R.] Chaucer. "Hasty employment." Shak.

3. Moving or acting with haste or in a hurry; hurrying; hence, acting without deliberation; precipitate; rash; easily excited; eager.

Seest thou a man that is hasty in his words? There is more hope of a fool than of him.

Prov. xxix. 20.

The hasty multitude Admiring entered.

Milton.

Be not hasty to go out of his sight.

Eccl. viii. 3.

4. Made or reached without deliberation or due caution; as, a hasty conjecture, inference, conclusion, etc., a hasty resolution.

5. Proceeding from, or indicating, a quick temper.

Take no unkindness of his hasty words.

Shak.

6. Forward; early; first ripe. [Obs.] "As the hasty fruit before the summer." Is. xxviii. 4.

Has"ty pud"ding (hs"t pd"dng). 1. A thick batter pudding made of Indian meal stirred into boiling water; mush. [U. S.]

2. A batter or pudding made of flour or oatmeal, stirred into boiling water or milk. [Eng.]

Hat (h‰t), a. Hot. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hat, sing. pres. of Hote to be called. Cf. Hatte. [Obs.] "That one hat abstinence." Piers Plowman.

Hat (ht), n. [AS. hÊt, hÊtt; akin to Dan. hat, Sw. hatt, Icel. hattr a hat, hˆttr hood, D. hoed hat, G. hut, OHG. huot, and prob. to L. cassis helmet. &radic;13. Cf. Hood.] A covering for the head; esp., one with a crown and brim, made of various materials, and worn by men or women for protecting the head from the sun or weather, or for ornament.

Hat block, a block on which hats are formed or dressed. -- To pass around the hat, to take up a collection of voluntary contributions, which are often received in a hat. [Colloq.] Lowell.

Hat"a*ble (ht"*b'l), a. [From Hate.] Capable of being, or deserving to be, hated; odious; detestable.

Hat"band` (ht"bnd`), n. A band round the crown of a hat; sometimes, a band of black cloth, crape, etc., worn as a badge of mourning.

Hat"box` (-bks`), n. A box for a hat.

Hatch (hch), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hatched (hcht); p. pr. & vb. n. Hatching.] [F. hacher to chop, hack. See Hash.] 1. To cross with lines in a peculiar manner in drawing and engraving. See Hatching.

Shall win this sword, silvered and hatched.

Chapman.

Those hatching strokes of the pencil.

Dryden.

2. To cross; to spot; to stain; to steep. [Obs.]

His weapon hatched in blood.

Beau. & Fl.

Hatch, v. t. [OE. hacchen, hetchen; akin to G. hecken, Dan. hekke; cf. MHG. hagen bull; perh. akin to E. hatch a half door, and orig. meaning, to produce under a hatch. &radic;12.] 1. To produce, as young, from an egg or eggs by incubation, or by artificial heat; to produce young from (eggs); as, the young when hatched. Paley.

As the partridge sitteth on eggs, and hatcheth them not.

Jer. xvii. 11.

For the hens do not sit upon the eggs; but by keeping them in a certain equal heat they [the husbandmen] bring life into them and hatch them.

Robynson (More's Utopia).

2. To contrive or plot; to form by meditation, and bring into being; to originate and produce; to concoct; as, to hatch mischief; to hatch heresy. Hooker.

Fancies hatched In silken-folded idleness.

Tennyson.

Hatch, v. i. To produce young; -- said of eggs; to come forth from the egg; -- said of the young of birds, fishes, insects, etc.

Hatch, n. 1. The act of hatching.

2. Development; disclosure; discovery. Shak.

3. The chickens produced at once or by one incubation; a brood.

Hatch, n. [OE. hacche, AS. hÊc, cf. haca the bar of a door, D. hek gate, Sw. h‰ck coop, rack, Dan. hekke manger, rack. Prob. akin to E. hook, and first used of something made of pieces fastened together. Cf. Heck, Hack a frame.] 1. A door with an opening over it; a half door, sometimes set with spikes on the upper edge.

In at the window, or else o'er the hatch.

Shak.

2. A frame or weir in a river, for catching fish.

3. A flood gate; a sluice gate. Ainsworth.

4. A bedstead. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

5. An opening in the deck of a vessel or floor of a warehouse which serves as a passageway or hoistway; a hatchway; also; a cover or door, or one of the covers used in closing such an opening.

6. (Mining) An opening into, or in search of, a mine.

Booby hatch, Buttery hatch, Companion hatch, etc. See under Booby, Buttery, etc. -- To batten down the hatches (Naut.), to lay tarpaulins over them, and secure them with battens. -- To be under hatches, to be confined below in a vessel; to be under arrest, or in slavery, distress, etc.

Hatch, v. t. To close with a hatch or hatches.

'T were not amiss to keep our door hatched.

Shak.

Hatch"-boat` (hch"bt`), n. (Naut.) A vessel whose deck consists almost wholly of movable hatches; -- used mostly in the fisheries.

Hatch"el (-l; 277), n. [OE. hechele, hekele; akin to D. hekel, G. hechel, Dan. hegle, Sw. h‰kla, and prob. to E. hook. See Hook, and cf. Hackle, Heckle.] An instrument with long iron teeth set in a board, for cleansing flax or hemp from the tow, hards, or coarse part; a kind of large comb; -- called also hackle and heckle.

Hatch"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hatcheled or Hatchelled (-ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Hatcheling or Hatchelling.] [OE. hechelen, hekelen; akin to D. hekelen, G. hecheln, Dan. hegle, Sw. h‰kla. See Hatchel, n.] 1. To draw through the teeth of a hatchel, as flax or hemp, so as to separate the coarse and refuse parts from the fine, fibrous parts.

2. To tease; to worry; to torment. [Colloq.]

Hatch"el*er (-r), n. One who uses a hatchel.

Hatch"er (-r), n. 1. One who hatches, or that which hatches; a hatching apparatus; an incubator.

2. One who contrives or originates; a plotter.

A great hatcher and breeder of business.

Swift.

Hatch"er*y (-), n. A house for hatching fish, etc.

Hatch"et (-t), n. [F. hachette, dim. of hache ax. See 1st Hatch, Hash.] 1. A small ax with a short handle, to be used with one hand.

2. Specifically, a tomahawk.

Buried was the bloody hatchet.

Longfellow.

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Hatchet face, a thin, sharp face, like the edge of a hatchet; hence: Hatchet-faced, sharp-visaged. Dryden. -- To bury the hatchet, to make peace or become reconciled. -- To take up the hatchet, to make or declare war. The last two phrases are derived from the practice of the American Indians.

{ Hatch"et*tine (hch"t*tn), Hatch"et*tite (-tt), } n. [Named after the discoverer, Charles Hatchett.] (Min.) Mineral tallow; a waxy or spermaceti-like substance, commonly of a greenish yellow color.

Hatch"ing, n. [See 1st Hatch.] A mode of execution in engraving, drawing, and miniature painting, in which shading is produced by lines crossing each other at angles more or less acute; -- called also crosshatching.

Hatch"ment (-ment), n. [Corrupt. fr. achievement.]

1. (Her.) A sort of panel, upon which the arms of a deceased person are temporarily displayed, -- usually on the walls of his dwelling. It is lozenge-shaped or square, but is hung cornerwise. It is used in England as a means of giving public notification of the death of the deceased, his or her rank, whether married, widower, widow, etc. Called also achievement.

His obscure funeral; No trophy, sword, or hatchment o'er his bones.

Shak.

2. A sword or other mark of the profession of arms; in general, a mark of dignity.

Let there be deducted, out of our main potation, Five marks in hatchments to adorn this thigh.

Beau. & Fl.

Hatch"ure (-r; 135), n. Same as Hachure.

Hatch"way` (-w`), n. A square or oblong opening in a deck or floor, affording passage from one deck or story to another; the entrance to a cellar.

Hate (ht), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hated; p. pr. & vb. n. Hating.] [OE. haten, hatien, AS. hatian; akin to OS. hatan, hatn to be hostile to, D. haten to hate, OHG. hazzn, hazzn, G. hassen, Icel. & Sw. hata, Dan. hade, Goth. hatan, hatjan. &radic;36. Cf. Hate, n., Heinous.]

1. To have a great aversion to, with a strong desire that evil should befall the person toward whom the feeling is directed; to dislike intensely; to detest; as, to hate one's enemies; to hate hypocrisy.

Whosoever hateth his brother is a murderer.

1 John iii. 15.

2. To be very unwilling; followed by an infinitive, or a substantive clause with that; as, to hate to get into debt; to hate that anything should be wasted.

I hate that he should linger here.

Tennyson.

3. (Script.) To love less, relatively. Luke xiv. 26.

Syn. -- To Hate, Abhor, Detest, Abominate, Loathe. Hate is the generic word, and implies that one is inflamed with extreme dislike. We abhor what is deeply repugnant to our sensibilities or feelings. We detest what contradicts so utterly our principles and moral sentiments that we feel bound to lift up our voice against it. What we abominate does equal violence to our moral and religious sentiments. What we loathe is offensive to our own nature, and excites unmingled disgust. Our Savior is said to have hated the deeds of the Nicolaitanes; his language shows that he loathed the lukewarmness of the Laodiceans; he detested the hypocrisy of the scribes and Pharisees; he abhorred the suggestions of the tempter in the wilderness.

Hate, n. [OE. hate, hete, AS. hete; akin to D. haat, G. hass, Icel. hatr, SW. hat, Dan. had, Goth. hatis. Cf. Hate, v.] Strong aversion coupled with desire that evil should befall the person toward whom the feeling is directed; as exercised toward things, intense dislike; hatred; detestation; -- opposed to love.

For in a wink the false love turns to hate.

Tennyson.

Hate"ful (-fl), a. 1. Manifesting hate or hatred; malignant; malevolent. [Archaic or R.]

And worse than death, to view with hateful eyes His rival's conquest.

Dryden.

2. Exciting or deserving great dislike, aversion, or disgust; odious.

Unhappy, wretched, hateful day!

Shak.

Syn. -- Odious; detestable; abominable; execrable; loathsome; abhorrent; repugnant; malevolent.

-- Hate"ful*ly, adv. -- Hate"ful*ness, n.

Hat"el (ht"l), a. Hateful; detestable. [Obs.]

Hat"er (ht"r), n. One who hates.

An enemy to God, and a hater of all good.

Sir T. Browne.

Hath (hth), 3d pers. sing. pres. of Have, contracted from haveth. Has. [Archaic]

Hat"less (ht"ls), a. Having no hat.

Hat"rack` (ht"rk`), n. A hatstand; hattree.

Ha"tred (h"trd), n. [OE. hatred, hatreden. See Hate, and cf. Kindred.] Strong aversion; intense dislike; hate; an affection of the mind awakened by something regarded as evil.

Syn. -- Odium; ill will; enmity; hate; animosity; malevolence; rancor; malignity; detestation; loathing; abhorrence; repugnance; antipathy. See Odium.

Hat"stand` (ht"stnd`), n. A stand of wood or iron, with hooks or pegs upon which to hang hats, etc.

Hat"te (h‰t"te), pres. & imp. sing. & pl. of Hote, to be called. See Hote. [Obs.] Chaucer.

A full perilous place, purgatory it hatte.

Piers Plowman.

Hat"ted (ht"td), a. Covered with a hat.

Hat"ter (-tr), v. t. [Prov. E., to entangle; cf. LG. verhaddern, verheddern, verhiddern.] To tire or worry; -- with out. [Obs.] Dryden.

Hat"ter, n. One who makes or sells hats.

||Hat*te"ri*a (ht*t"r*), n. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) A New Zealand lizard, which, ||in anatomical character, differs widely from all other existing ||lizards. It is the only living representative of the order ||Rhynchocephala, of which many Mesozoic fossil species are known; -- ||called also Sphenodon, and Tuatera. See Rhynchocephala.

Hat"ting (ht"tng), n. The business of making hats; also, stuff for hats.

||Hat"ti-sher`if (ht"t*shr`f or h‰t"t*sh*rf"), n. [Turk., fr. Ar. khatt ||a writing + sherf noble.] A irrevocable Turkish decree countersigned ||by the sultan.

Hat"tree` (ht"tr`), n. A hatstand.

Hau*ber"ge*on (h*br"j*n), n. See Habergeon.

Hau"berk (h"brk), n. [OF. hauberc, halberc, F. haubert, OHG. halsberc; hals neck + bergan to protect, G. bergen; akin to AS. healsbeorg, Icel. hlsbjˆrg. See Collar, and Bury, v. t.] A coat of mail; especially, the long coat of mail of the European Middle Ages, as contrasted with the habergeon, which is shorter and sometimes sleeveless. By old writers it is often used synonymously with habergeon. See Habergeon. [Written variously hauberg, hauberque, hawberk, etc.] Chaucer.

Helm, nor hawberk's twisted mail.

Gray.

Hau"er*ite (h"r*t), n. [Named after Von Hauer, of Vienna.] (Min.) Native sulphide of manganese, a reddish brown or brownish black mineral.

Haugh (h), n. [See Haw a hedge.] A low-lying meadow by the side of a river. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

On a haugh or level plain, near to a royal borough.

Sir W. Scott.

Haught (ht), a. [See Haughty.] High; elevated; hence, haughty; proud. [Obs.] Shak.

Haugh"ti*ly (h"t*l), adv. [From Haughty.] In a haughty manner; arrogantly.

Haugh"ti*ness, n. [For hauteinness. See Haughty.] The quality of being haughty; disdain; arrogance.

Syn. -- Arrogance; disdain; contemptuousness; superciliousness; loftiness. -- Haughtiness, Arrogance, Disdain. Haughtiness denotes the expression of conscious and proud superiority; arrogance is a disposition to claim for one's self more than is justly due, and enforce it to the utmost; disdain in the exact reverse of condescension toward inferiors, since it expresses and desires others to feel how far below ourselves we consider them. A person is haughty in disposition and demeanor; arrogant in his claims of homage and deference; disdainful even in accepting the deference which his haughtiness leads him arrogantly to exact.

Haugh"ty (-t), a. [Compar. Haughtier (-t*r); superl. Haughtiest.] [OE. hautein, F. hautain, fr. haut high, OF. also halt, fr. L. altus. See Altitude.]

1. High; lofty; bold. [Obs. or Archaic]

To measure the most haughty mountain's height.

Spenser.

Equal unto this haughty enterprise.

Spenser.

2. Disdainfully or contemptuously proud; arrogant; overbearing.

A woman of a haughty and imperious nature.

Clarendon.

3. Indicating haughtiness; as, a haughty carriage.

Satan, with vast and haughty strides advanced, Came towering.

Milton.

Haul (hl), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hauled (hld); p. pr. & vb. n. Hauling.] [OE. halen, halien, F. haler, of German or Scand. origin; akin to AS. geholian to acquire, get, D. halen to fetch, pull, draw, OHG. holn, haln, G. holen, Dan. hale to haul, Sw. hala, and to L. calare to call, summon, Gr. kalei^n to call. Cf. Hale, v. t., Claim. Class, Council, Ecclesiastic.] 1. To pull or draw with force; to drag.

Some dance, some haul the rope.

Denham.

Thither they bent, and hauled their ships to land.

Pope.

Romp-loving miss Is hauled about in gallantry robust.

Thomson.

2. To transport by drawing, as with horses or oxen; as, to haul logs to a sawmill.

When I was seven or eight years of age, I began hauling all the wood used in the house and shops.

U. S. Grant.

To haul over the coals. See under Coal. -- To haul the wind (Naut.), to turn the head of the ship nearer to the point from which the wind blows.

Haul, v. i. 1. (Naut.) To change the direction of a ship by hauling the wind. See under Haul, v. t.

I . . . hauled up for it, and found it to be an island.

Cook.

2. To pull apart, as oxen sometimes do when yoked.

To haul around (Naut.), to shift to any point of the compass; -- said of the wind. -- To haul off (Naut.), to sail closer to the wind, in order to get farther away from anything; hence, to withdraw; to draw back.

Haul, n. 1. A pulling with force; a violent pull.

2. A single draught of a net; as, to catch a hundred fish at a haul.

3. That which is caught, taken, or gained at once, as by hauling a net.

4. Transportation by hauling; the distance through which anything is hauled, as freight in a railroad car; as, a long haul or short haul.

5. (Rope Making) A bundle of about four hundred threads, to be tarred.

Haul"age (-j), n. Act of hauling; as, the haulage of cars by an engine; charge for hauling.

Haul"er (-r), n. One who hauls.

Haulm (hm), n. [OE. halm, AS. healm; akin to D., G., Dan., & Sw. halm, Icel. hlmr, L. calamus reed, cane, stalk, Gr. kalamo`s. Cf. Excel, Culminate, Culm, Shawm, Calamus.] The denuded stems or stalks of such crops as buckwheat and the cereal grains, beans, etc.; straw.

Haulm, n. A part of a harness; a hame.

Hauls (hls), n. [Obs.] See Hals.

Haulse (hls), v. [Obs.] See Halse.

Hault (hlt), a. [OF. hault, F. haut. See Haughty.] Lofty; haughty. [Obs.]

Through support of countenance proud and hault.

Spenser.

Haum (hm), n. See Haulm, stalk. Smart.

Haunce (hns), v. t. To enhance. [Obs.] Lydgate.

Haunch (h‰nch; 277), n. [F. hanche, of German origin; cf. OD. hancke, hencke, and also OHG. ancha; prob. not akin to E. ankle.] 1. The hip; the projecting region of the lateral parts of the pelvis and the hip joint; the hind part.

2. Of meats: The leg and loin taken together; as, a haunch of venison.

Haunch bone. See Innominate bone, under Innominate. -- Haunches of an arch (Arch.), the parts on each side of the crown of an arch. (See Crown, n., 11.) Each haunch may be considered as from one half to two thirds of the half arch.

Haunched (h‰ncht), a. Having haunches.

Haunt (h‰nt; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Haunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Haunting.] [F. hanter; of uncertain origin, perh. from an assumed LL. ambitare to go about, fr. L. ambire (see Ambition); or cf. Icel. heimta to demand, regain, akin to heim home (see Home). &radic;36.] 1. To frequent; to resort to frequently; to visit pertinaciously or intrusively; to intrude upon.

You wrong me, sir, thus still to haunt my house.

Shak.

Those cares that haunt the court and town.

Swift.

2. To inhabit or frequent as a specter; to visit as a ghost or apparition.

Foul spirits haunt my resting place.

Fairfax.

3. To practice; to devote one's self to. [Obs.]

That other merchandise that men haunt with fraud . . . is cursed.

Chaucer.

Leave honest pleasure, and haunt no good pastime.

Ascham.

4. To accustom; to habituate. [Obs.]

Haunt thyself to pity.

Wyclif.

Haunt, v. i. To persist in staying or visiting.

I've charged thee not to haunt about my doors.

Shak.

Haunt, n. 1. A place to which one frequently resorts; as, drinking saloons are the haunts of tipplers; a den is the haunt of wild beasts.

In Old English the place occupied by any one as a dwelling or in his business was called a haunt.

Often used figuratively.

The household nook, The haunt of all affections pure.

Keble.

The feeble soul, a haunt of fears.

Tennyson.

2. The habit of resorting to a place. [Obs.]

The haunt you have got about the courts.

Arbuthnot.

3. Practice; skill. [Obs.]

Of clothmaking she hadde such an haunt.

Chaucer.

Haunt"ed, a. Inhabited by, or subject to the visits of, apparitions; frequented by a ghost.

All houses wherein men have lived and died Are haunted houses.

Longfellow.

Haunt"er (-r), n. One who, or that which, haunts.

Hau"ri*ent (h"r*ent), a. [L. hauriens, p. pr. of haurire to breathe.] (Her.) In pale, with the head in chief; -- said of the figure of a fish, as if rising for air.

Hau"sen (h"sn), n. [G.] (Zoˆl.) A large sturgeon (Acipenser huso) from the region of the Black Sea. It is sometimes twelve feet long.

Hausse (hs), n. [F.] (Gun.) A kind of graduated breech sight for a small arm, or a cannon.

||Haus`tel*la"ta (hs`tl*l"t), n. pl. [NL., fr. haustellum, fr. L. ||haurire, haustum, to draw water, to swallow. See Exhaust.] (Zoˆl.) An ||artificial division of insects, including all those with a sucking ||proboscis.

Haus"tel*late (hs"tl*lt or hs*tl"lt), a. [See Haustellata.] (Zoˆl.) Provided with a haustellum, or sucking proboscis. -- n. One of the Haustellata.

||Haus*tel"lum (hs*tl"lm), n.; pl. Haustella (- l). [NL.] (Zoˆl.) The ||sucking proboscis of various insects. See Lepidoptera, and Diptera.

||Haus*to"ri*um (-t"r*m), n.; pl. Haustoria (- ). [LL., a well, fr. L. ||haurire, haustum, to drink.] (Bot.) One of the suckerlike rootlets of ||such plants as the dodder and ivy. R. Brown.

Haut (ht), a. [F. See Haughty.] Haughty. [Obs.] "Nations proud and haut." Milton.

Haut"boy (h"boi), n. [F. hautbois, lit., high wood; haut high + bois wood. So called on account of its high tone. See Haughty, Bush; and cf. Oboe.] 1. (Mus.) A wind instrument, sounded through a reed, and similar in shape to the clarinet, but with a thinner tone. Now more commonly called oboe. See Illust. of Oboe.

2. (Bot.) A sort of strawberry (Fragaria elatior).

Haut"boy*ist (-st), n. [Cf. F. hautboÔste.] A player on the hautboy.

Hau"tein (h"tn), a. [See Haughty.] 1. Haughty; proud. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. High; -- said of the voice or flight of birds. [Obs.]

||Hau`teur" (h`tr"), n. [F., fr. haut high. See Haughty.] Haughty ||manner or spirit; haughtiness; pride; arrogance.

||Haut`go˚t" (h`g"), n. [F.] High relish or flavor; high seasoning.

||Haut`pas" (h`p‰"), n. [F. haut high + pas step.] A raised part of the ||floor of a large room; a platform for a raised table or throne. See ||Dais.

<! p. 675 pr=JMD !>

Ha"¸y*nite (‰"w*nt), n. [From the French mineralogist Ha¸y.] (Min.) A blue isometric mineral, characteristic of some volcanic rocks. It is a silicate of alumina, lime, and soda, with sulphate of lime.

Ha*van"a (h*vn"), a. Of or pertaining to Havana, the capital of the island of Cuba; as, an Havana cigar; -- formerly sometimes written Havannah. -- n. An Havana cigar.

Young Frank Clavering stole his father's Havannahs, and . . . smoked them in the stable.

Thackeray.

Hav`an*ese" (hv`n*z" or - s"), a. Of or pertaining to Havana, in Cuba. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or inhabitant, or the people, of Havana.

Have (hv), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Had (hd); p. pr. & vb. n. Having. Indic. present, I have, thou hast, he has; we, ye, they have.] [OE. haven, habben, AS. habben (imperf. hÊfde, p. p. gehÊfd); akin to OS. hebbian, D. hebben, OFries. hebba, OHG. habn, G. haben, Icel. hafa, Sw. hafva, Dan. have, Goth. haban, and prob. to L. habere, whence F. avoir. Cf. Able, Avoirdupois, Binnacle, Habit.] 1. To hold in possession or control; to own; as, he has a farm.

2. To possess, as something which appertains to, is connected with, or affects, one.

The earth hath bubbles, as the water has.

Shak.

He had a fever late.

Keats.

3. To accept possession of; to take or accept.

Break thy mind to me in broken English; wilt thou have me?

Shak.

4. To get possession of; to obtain; to get. Shak.

5. To cause or procure to be; to effect; to exact; to desire; to require.

I had the church accurately described to me.

Sir W. Scott.

Wouldst thou have me turn traitor also?

Ld. Lytton.

6. To bear, as young; as, she has just had a child.

7. To hold, regard, or esteem.

Of them shall I be had in honor.

2 Sam. vi. 22.

8. To cause or force to go; to take. "The stars have us to bed." Herbert. "Have out all men from me." 2 Sam. xiii. 9.

9. To take or hold (one's self); to proceed promptly; -- used reflexively, often with ellipsis of the pronoun; as, to have after one; to have at one or at a thing, i. e., to aim at one or at a thing; to attack; to have with a companion. Shak.

10. To be under necessity or obligation; to be compelled; followed by an infinitive.

Science has, and will long have, to be a divider and a separatist.

M. Arnold.

The laws of philology have to be established by external comparison and induction.

Earle.

11. To understand.

You have me, have you not?

Shak.

12. To put in an awkward position; to have the advantage of; as, that is where he had him. [Slang]

Have, as an auxiliary verb, is used with the past participle to form preterit tenses; as, I have loved; I shall have eaten. Originally it was used only with the participle of transitive verbs, and denoted the possession of the object in the state indicated by the participle; as, I have conquered him, I have or hold him in a conquered state; but it has long since lost this independent significance, and is used with the participles both of transitive and intransitive verbs as a device for expressing past time. Had is used, especially in poetry, for would have or should have.

Myself for such a face had boldly died.

Tennyson.

To have a care, to take care; to be on one's guard. -- To have (a man) out, to engage (one) in a duel. -- To have done (with). See under Do, v. i. -- To have it out, to speak freely; to bring an affair to a conclusion. -- To have on, to wear. - - To have to do with. See under Do, v. t.

Syn. -- To possess; to own. See Possess.

Have"less, a. Having little or nothing. [Obs.] Gower.

Hav"e*lock (hv"*lk), n. [From Havelock, an English general distinguished in India in the rebellion of 1857.] A light cloth covering for the head and neck, used by soldiers as a protection from sunstroke.

Ha"ven (h"v'n), n. [AS. hÊfene; akin to D. & LG. haven, G. hafen, MHG. habe, Dan. havn, Icel. hˆfn, Sw. hamn; akin to E. have, and hence orig., a holder; or to heave (see Heave); or akin to AS. hÊf sea, Icel. & Sw. haf, Dan. hav, which is perh. akin to E. heave.] 1. A bay, recess, or inlet of the sea, or the mouth of a river, which affords anchorage and shelter for shipping; a harbor; a port.

What shipping and what lading 's in our haven.

Shak.

Their haven under the hill.

Tennyson.

2. A place of safety; a shelter; an asylum. Shak.

The haven, or the rock of love.

Waller.

Ha"ven, v. t. To shelter, as in a haven. Keats.

Ha"ven*age (-j), n. Harbor dues; port dues.

Ha"vened (h"v'nd), p. a. Sheltered in a haven.

Blissful havened both from joy and pain.

Keats.

Ha"ven*er (h"v'n*r), n. A harbor master. [Obs.]

Ha"ver (hv"r), n. A possessor; a holder. Shak.

Hav"er, n. [D. haver; akin to G. haber.] The oat; oats. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Haver bread, oaten bread. -- Haver cake, oaten cake. Piers Plowman. -- Haver grass, the wild oat. -- Haver meal, oatmeal.

Ha"ver (h"vr), v. i. [Etymol. uncertain.] To maunder; to talk foolishly; to chatter. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Hav"er*sack (hv"r*sk), n. [F. havresac, G. habersack, sack for oats. See 2d Haver, and Sack a bag.]

1. A bag for oats or oatmeal. [Prov. Eng.]

2. A bag or case, usually of stout cloth, in which a soldier carries his rations when on a march; -- distinguished from knapsack.

3. A gunner's case or bag used to carry cartridges from the ammunition chest to the piece in loading.

Ha*ver"sian (h*vr"shan), a. Pertaining to, or discovered by, Clopton Havers, an English physician of the seventeenth century.

Haversian canals (Anat.), the small canals through which the blood vessels ramify in bone.

||Hav`il*dar" (hv`l*d‰r"), n. In the British Indian armies, a ||noncommissioned officer of native soldiers, corresponding to a ||sergeant.

Havildar major, a native sergeant major in the East Indian army.

Hav"ing (hv"ng), n. Possession; goods; estate.

I 'll lend you something; my having is not much.

Shak.

Hav"ior (hv"yr), n. [OE. havour, a corruption of OF. aveir, avoir, a having, of same origin as E. aver a work horse. The h is due to confusion with E. have.] Behavior; demeanor. [Obs.] Shak.

Hav"oc (hv"k), n. [W. hafog devastation, havoc; or, if this be itself fr. E. havoc, cf. OE. havot, or AS. hafoc hawk, which is a cruel or rapacious bird, or F. hai, voux! a cry to hounds.] Wide and general destruction; devastation; waste.

As for Saul, he made havoc of the church.

Acts viii. 3.

Ye gods, what havoc does ambition make Among your works!

Addison.

Hav"oc, v. t. To devastate; to destroy; to lay waste.

To waste and havoc yonder world.

Milton.

Hav"oc, interj. [See Havoc, n.] A cry in war as the signal for indiscriminate slaughter. Toone.

Do not cry havoc, where you should but hunt With modest warrant.

Shak.

Cry 'havoc,' and let slip the dogs of war!

Shak.

Haw (h), n. [OE. hawe, AS. haga; akin to D. haag headge, G. hag, hecke, Icel. hagi pasture, Sw. hage, Dan. have garden. &radic;12. Cf. Haggard, Ha-ha, Haugh, Hedge.]

1. A hedge; an inclosed garden or yard.

And eke there was a polecat in his haw.

Chaucer.

2. The fruit of the hawthorn. Bacon.

Haw, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Anat.) The third eyelid, or nictitating membrane. See Nictitating membrane, under Nictitate.

Haw, n. [Cf. ha an interjection of wonder, surprise, or hesitation.] An intermission or hesitation of speech, with a sound somewhat like haw! also, the sound so made. "Hums or haws." Congreve.

Haw, v. i. To stop, in speaking, with a sound like haw; to speak with interruption and hesitation.

Cut it short; don't prose -- don't hum and haw.

Chesterfield.

Haw, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hawed (hd); p. pr. & vb. n. Hawing.] [Written also hoi.] [Perhaps connected with here, hither; cf., however, F. huhau, hurhau, hue, interj. used in turning a horse to the right, G. hott, h¸, interj. used in calling to a horse.] To turn to the near side, or toward the driver; -- said of cattle or a team: a word used by teamsters in guiding their teams, and most frequently in the imperative. See Gee.

To haw and gee, or To haw and gee about, to go from one thing to another without good reason; to have no settled purpose; to be irresolute or unstable. [Colloq.]

Haw, v. t. To cause to turn, as a team, to the near side, or toward the driver; as, to haw a team of oxen.

To haw and gee, or To haw and gee about, to lead this way and that at will; to lead by the nose; to master or control. [Colloq.]

Ha*wai"ian (h*w"yan), a. Belonging to Hawaii or the Sandwich Islands, or to the people of Hawaii. -- n. A native of Hawaii.

Hawe"bake` (h"bk`), n. Probably, the baked berry of the hawthorn tree, that is, coarse fare. See 1st Haw, 2. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Haw"finch` (h"fnch`), n. (Zoˆl.) The common European grosbeak (Coccothraustes vulgaris); -- called also cherry finch, and coble.

Haw-haw" (h*h), n. [Duplication of haw a hedge.] See Ha-ha.

Haw*haw", v. i. [Of imitative origin.] To laugh boisterously. [Colloq. U. S.]

We haw-haw'd, I tell you, for more than half an hour.

Major Jack Downing.

Hawk (hk), n. [OE. hauk (prob. fr. Icel.), havek, AS. hafoc, heafoc; akin to D. havik, OHG. habuh, G. habicht, Icel. haukr, Sw. hˆk, Dan. hˆg, prob. from the root of E. heave.] (Zoˆl.) One of numerous species and genera of rapacious birds of the family FalconidÊ. They differ from the true falcons in lacking the prominent tooth and notch of the bill, and in having shorter and less pointed wings. Many are of large size and grade into the eagles. Some, as the goshawk, were formerly trained like falcons. In a more general sense the word is not infrequently applied, also, to true falcons, as the sparrow hawk, pigeon hawk, duck hawk, and prairie hawk.

Among the common American species are the red-tailed hawk (Buteo borealis); the red-shouldered (B. lineatus); the broad-winged (B. Pennsylvanicus); the rough-legged (Archibuteo lagopus); the sharp-shinned (Accipiter fuscus). See Fishhawk, Goshawk, Marsh hawk, under Marsh, Night hawk, under Night.

Bee hawk (Zoˆl.), the honey buzzard. -- Eagle hawk. See under Eagle. -- Hawk eagle (Zoˆl.), an Asiatic bird of the genus SpizÊtus, or LimnÊtus, intermediate between the hawks and eagles. There are several species. -- Hawk fly (Zoˆl.), a voracious fly of the family AsilidÊ. See Hornet fly, under Hornet. -- Hawk moth. (Zoˆl.) See Hawk moth, in the Vocabulary. -- Hawk owl. (Zoˆl.) (a) A northern owl (Surnia ulula) of Europe and America. It flies by day, and in some respects resembles the hawks. (b) An owl of India (Ninox scutellatus). -- Hawk's bill (Horology), the pawl for the rack, in the striking mechanism of a clock.

Hawk (hk), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hawked (hkt); p. pr. & vb. n. Hawking.] 1. To catch, or attempt to catch, birds by means of hawks trained for the purpose, and let loose on the prey; to practice falconry.

A falconer Henry is, when Emma hawks.

Prior.

2. To make an attack while on the wing; to soar and strike like a hawk; -- generally with at; as, to hawk at flies. Dryden.

A falcon, towering in her pride of place, Was by a mousing owl hawked at and killed.

Shak.

Hawk, v. i. [W. hochi.] To clear the throat with an audible sound by forcing an expiratory current of air through the narrow passage between the depressed soft palate and the root of the tongue, thus aiding in the removal of foreign substances.

Hawk, v. t. To raise by hawking, as phlegm.

Hawk, n. [W. hoch.] An effort to force up phlegm from the throat, accompanied with noise.

Hawk, v. t. [Akin to D. hauker a hawker, G. hˆken, hˆcken, to higgle, to retail, hˆke, hˆker, a higgler, huckster. See Huckster.] To offer for sale by outcry in the street; to carry (merchandise) about from place to place for sale; to peddle; as, to hawk goods or pamphlets.

His works were hawked in every street.

Swift.

Hawk, n. (Masonry) A small board, with a handle on the under side, to hold mortar.

Hawk boy, an attendant on a plasterer to supply him with mortar.

Hawk"bill` (-bl`), n. (Zoˆl.) A sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata), which yields the best quality of tortoise shell; -- called also caret.

Hawk"bit` (-bt`), n. (Bot.) The fall dandelion (Leontodon autumnale).

Hawked (hkt), a. Curved like a hawk's bill; crooked.

Hawk"er (hk"r), n. One who sells wares by crying them in the street; hence, a peddler or a packman. Swift.

Hawk"er, v. i. To sell goods by outcry in the street. [Obs.] Hudibras.

Hawk"er, n. [Cf. AS. hafecere. See 1st Hawk.] A falconer.

Hawk"ey (-), n. See Hockey. Holloway.

Hawk"-eyed` (-d`), a. Having a keen eye; sharpsighted; discerning.

Hawk" moth` (mth`; 115). (Zoˆl.) Any moth of the family SphingidÊ, of which there are numerous genera and species. They are large, handsome moths, which fly mostly at twilight and hover about flowers like a humming bird, sucking the honey by means of a long, slender proboscis. The larvÊ are large, hairless caterpillars ornamented with green and other bright colors, and often with a caudal spine. See Sphinx, also Tobacco worm, and Tomato worm.

Tobacco Hawk Moth (Macrosila Carolina), and its Larva, the Tobacco Worm.

The larvÊ of several species of hawk moths feed on grapevines. The elm-tree hawk moth is Ceratomia Amyntor.

Hawk"weed` (-wd`), n. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Hieracium; -- so called from the ancient belief that birds of prey used its juice to strengthen their vision. (b) A plant of the genus Senecio (S. hieracifolius). Loudon.

Hawm (hm), n. See Haulm, straw.

Hawm, v. i. [Etymol. uncertain.] To lounge; to loiter. [Prov. Eng.] Tennyson.

Hawse (hz or hs; 277), n. [Orig. a hawse hole, or hole in the bow of the ship; cf. Icel. hals, hls, neck, part of the bows of a ship, AS. heals neck. See Collar, and cf. Halse to embrace.] 1. A hawse hole. Harris.

2. (Naut.) (a) The situation of the cables when a vessel is moored with two anchors, one on the starboard, the other on the port bow. (b) The distance ahead to which the cables usually extend; as, the ship has a clear or open hawse, or a foul hawse; to anchor in our hawse, or athwart hawse. (c) That part of a vessel's bow in which are the hawse holes for the cables.

Athwart hawse. See under Athwart. -- Foul hawse, a hawse in which the cables cross each other, or are twisted together. -- Hawse block, a block used to stop up a hawse hole at sea; -- called also hawse plug. -- Hawse hole, a hole in the bow of a ship, through which a cable passes. -- Hawse piece, one of the foremost timbers of a ship, through which the hawse hole is cut. -- Hawse plug. Same as Hawse block (above). -- To come in at the hawse holes, to enter the naval service at the lowest grade. [Cant] -- To freshen the hawse, to veer out a little more cable and bring the chafe and strain on another part.

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Haws"er (hz"r or hs"r), n. [From F. hausser to lift, raise (cf. OF. hausserÈe towpath, towing, F. haussiËre hawser), LL. altiare, fr. L. altus high. See Haughty.] A large rope made of three strands each containing many yarns.

Three hawsers twisted together make a cable; but it nautical usage the distinction between cable and hawser is often one of size rather than of manufacture.

Hawser iron, a calking iron.

Haws"er-laid` (-ld`), a. Made in the manner of a hawser. Cf. Cable-laid, and see Illust. of Cordage.

Haw"thorn` (h"thÙrn`), n. [AS. haga˛orn, hÊg˛orn. See Haw a hedge, and Thorn.] (Bot.) A thorny shrub or tree (the CratÊgus oxyacantha), having deeply lobed, shining leaves, small, roselike, fragrant flowers, and a fruit called haw. It is much used in Europe for hedges, and for standards in gardens. The American hawthorn is CratÊgus cordata, which has the leaves but little lobed.

Gives not the hawthorn bush a sweeter shade To shepherds?

Shak.

Hay (h), n. [AS. hege: cf. F. haie, of German origin. See Haw a hedge, Hedge.] 1. A hedge. [Obs.]

2. A net set around the haunt of an animal, especially of a rabbit. Rowe.

To dance the hay, to dance in a ring. Shak.

Hay, v. i. To lay snares for rabbits. Huloet.

Hay, n. [OE. hei, AS. hg; akin to D. hooi, OHG. hewi, houwi, G. heu, Dan. & Sw. hˆ, Icel. hey, ha, Goth. hawi grass, fr. the root of E. hew. See Hew to cut.] Grass cut and cured for fodder.

Make hay while the sun shines.

Camden.

Hay may be dried too much as well as too little.

C. L. Flint.

Hay cap, a canvas covering for a haycock. -- Hay fever (Med.), nasal catarrh accompanied with fever, and sometimes with paroxysms of dyspnúa, to which some persons are subject in the spring and summer seasons. It has been attributed to the effluvium from hay, and to the pollen of certain plants. It is also called hay asthma, hay cold, rose cold, and rose fever. -- Hay knife, a sharp instrument used in cutting hay out of a stack or mow. -- Hay press, a press for baling loose hay. -- Hay tea, the juice of hay extracted by boiling, used as food for cattle, etc. -- Hay tedder, a machine for spreading and turning new-mown hay. See Tedder.

Hay, v. i. To cut and cure grass for hay.

Hay"bird` (h"brd`), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) The European spotted flycatcher. (b) The European blackcap.

Hay"bote` (h"bt`), n. [See Hay hedge, and Bote, and cf. Hedgebote.] (Eng. Law.) An allowance of wood to a tenant for repairing his hedges or fences; hedgebote. See Bote. Blackstone.

Hay"cock` (h"kk`), n. A conical pile or heap of hay in the field.

The tanned haycock in the mead.

Milton.

Hay"-cut`ter (h"kt`tr), n. A machine in which hay is chopped short, as fodder for cattle.

Hay"field` (h"fld`), n. A field where grass for hay has been cut; a meadow. Cowper.

Hay"fork` (h"fÙrk`), n. A fork for pitching and tedding hay.

Horse hayfork, a contrivance for unloading hay from the cart and depositing it in the loft, or on a mow, by horse power.

Hay"loft` (h"lft`; 115), n. A loft or scaffold for hay.

Hay"mak`er (h"mk`r), n. 1. One who cuts and cures hay.

2. A machine for curing hay in rainy weather.

Hay"mak`ing, n. The operation or work of cutting grass and curing it for hay.

Hay"mow` (h"mou`), n. 1. A mow or mass of hay laid up in a barn for preservation.

2. The place in a barn where hay is deposited.

Hay"rack` (h"rk`), n. A frame mounted on the running gear of a wagon, and used in hauling hay, straw, sheaves, etc.; -- called also hay rigging.

Hay"rake` (h"rk`), n. A rake for collecting hay; especially, a large rake drawn by a horse or horses.

Hay"rick` (-rk`), n. A heap or pile of hay, usually covered with thatch for preservation in the open air.

Hay"stack` (h"stk`), n. A stack or conical pile of hay in the open air.

Hay"stalk` (h"stk`), n. A stalk of hay.

Hay"thorn` (h"thÙrn`), n. Hawthorn. R. Scot.

Hay"ti*an (h"t*an), a. Of pertaining to Hayti. -- n. A native of Hayti. [Written also Haitian.]

Hay"ward (h"wrd), n. [Hay a hedge + ward.] An officer who is appointed to guard hedges, and to keep cattle from breaking or cropping them, and whose further duty it is to impound animals found running at large.

Haz"ard (hz"rd), n. [F. hasard, Sp. azar an unforeseen disaster or accident, an unfortunate card or throw at dice, prob. fr. Ar. zahr, zr, a die, which, with the article al the, would give azzahr, azzr.] 1. A game of chance played with dice. Chaucer.

2. The uncertain result of throwing a die; hence, a fortuitous event; chance; accident; casualty.

I will stand the hazard of the die.

Shak.

3. Risk; danger; peril; as, he encountered the enemy at the hazard of his reputation and life.

Men are led on from one stage of life to another in a condition of the utmost hazard.

Rogers.

4. (Billiards) Holing a ball, whether the object ball (winning hazard) or the player's ball (losing hazard).

5. Anything that is hazarded or risked, as the stakes in gaming. "Your latter hazard." Shak.

Hazard table, a table on which hazard is played, or any game of chance for stakes. -- To run the hazard, to take the chance or risk.

Syn. -- Danger; risk; chance. See Danger.

Haz"ard, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hazarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Hazarding.] [Cf. F. hasarder. See Hazard, n.]

1. To expose to the operation of chance; to put in danger of loss or injury; to venture; to risk.

Men hazard nothing by a course of evangelical obedience.

John Clarke.

He hazards his neck to the halter.

Fuller.

2. To venture to incur, or bring on.

I hazarded the loss of whom I loved.

Shak.

They hazard to cut their feet.

Landor.

Syn. -- To venture; risk; jeopard; peril; endanger.

Haz"ard (hz"rd), v. i. To try the chance; to encounter risk or danger. Shak.

Haz"ard*a*ble (-*b'l), a. 1. Liable to hazard or chance; uncertain; risky. Sir T. Browne.

2. Such as can be hazarded or risked.

Haz"ard*er (-r), n. 1. A player at the game of hazard; a gamester. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. One who hazards or ventures.

Haz"ard*ize (-z), n. A hazardous attempt or situation; hazard. [Obs.]

Herself had run into that hazardize.

Spenser.

Haz"ard*ous (-s), a. [Cf. F. hasardeux.] Exposed to hazard; dangerous; risky.

To enterprise so hazardous and high!

Milton.

Syn. -- Perilous; dangerous; bold; daring; adventurous; venturesome; precarious; uncertain.

-- Haz"ard*ous*ly, adv. -- Haz"ard*ous*ness, n.

Haz"ard*ry (-r), n. 1. Playing at hazard; gaming; gambling. [R.] Chaucer.

2. Rashness; temerity. [R.] Spenser.

Haze (hz), n. [Cf. Icel. hˆss gray; akin to AS. hasu, heasu, gray; or Armor. aÈzen, Èzen, warm vapor, exhalation, zephyr.] Light vapor or smoke in the air which more or less impedes vision, with little or no dampness; a lack of transparency in the air; hence, figuratively, obscurity; dimness.

O'er the sky The silvery haze of summer drawn.

Tennyson.

Above the world's uncertain haze.

Keble.

Haze, v. i. To be hazy, or thick with haze. Ray.

Haze, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hazed (hzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Hazing.] [Also hase.] [Cf. Sw. haza to hamstring, fr. has hough, OD. hÊssen ham.] 1. To harass by exacting unnecessary, disagreeable, or difficult work.

2. To harass or annoy by playing abusive or shameful tricks upon; to humiliate by practical jokes; -- used esp. of college students; as, the sophomores hazed a freshman.

Ha"zel (h"z'l), n. [OE. hasel, AS. hÊsel; akin to D. hazelaar, G. hazel, OHG. hasal, hasala, Icel. hasl, Dan & Sw. hassel, L. corylus, for cosylus.] 1. (Bot.) A shrub or small tree of the genus Corylus, as the C. avellana, bearing a nut containing a kernel of a mild, farinaceous taste; the filbert. The American species are C. Americana, which produces the common hazelnut, and C. rostrata. See Filbert. Gray.

2. A miner's name for freestone. Raymond.

Hazel earth, soil suitable for the hazel; a fertile loam. -- Hazel grouse (Zoˆl.), a European grouse (Bonasa betulina), allied to the American ruffed grouse. -- Hazel hoe, a kind of grub hoe. -- Witch hazel. See Witch-hazel, and Hamamelis.

Ha"zel, a. 1. Consisting of hazels, or of the wood of the hazel; pertaining to, or derived from, the hazel; as, a hazel wand.

I sit me down beside the hazel grove.

Keble.

2. Of a light brown color, like the hazelnut. "Thou hast hazel eyes." Shak.

Haze"less (hz"ls), a. Destitute of haze. Tyndall.

Ha"zel*ly (h"z'l*l), a. Of the color of the hazelnut; of a light brown. Mortimer.

Ha"zel*nut` (h"z'l*nt`), n. [AS. hÊselhnutu.] The nut of the hazel. Shak.

Ha"zel*wort` (-wrt), n. (Bot.) The asarabacca.

Ha"zi*ly (h"z*l), adv. In a hazy manner; mistily; obscurely; confusedly.

Ha"zi*ness, n. The quality or state of being hazy.

Ha"zle (h"z'l), v. t. To make dry; to dry. [Obs.]

Ha"zy (h"z), a. [From Haze, n.] 1. Thick with haze; somewhat obscured with haze; not clear or transparent. "A tender, hazy brightness." Wordsworth.

2. Obscure; confused; not clear; as, a hazy argument; a hazy intellect. Mrs. Gore.

He (h), pron. [nom. He; poss. His (hz); obj. Him (hm); pl. nom. They (); poss. Their or Theirs (‚rz or rz); obj. Them (m).] [AS. h, masc., heÛ, fem., hit, neut.; pl. h, or hie, hig; akin to OFries. hi, D. hij, OS. he, hi, G. heute to-day, Goth. himma, dat. masc., this, hina, accus. masc., and hita, accus. neut., and prob. to L. hic this. &radic;183. Cf. It.] 1. The man or male being (or object personified to which the masculine gender is assigned), previously designated; a pronoun of the masculine gender, usually referring to a specified subject already indicated.

Thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee.

Gen. iii. 16.

Thou shalt fear the Lord thy God; him shalt thou serve.

Deut. x. 20.

2. Any one; the man or person; -- used indefinitely, and usually followed by a relative pronoun.

He that walketh with wise men shall be wise.

Prov. xiii. 20.

3. Man; a male; any male person; -- in this sense used substantively. Chaucer.

I stand to answer thee, Or any he, the proudest of thy sort.

Shak.

When a collective noun or a class is referred to, he is of common gender. In early English, he referred to a feminine or neuter noun, or to one in the plural, as well as to noun in the masculine singular. In composition, he denotes a male animal; as, a he-goat.

-head (-hd), suffix. A variant of -hood.

Head (hd), n. [OE. hed, heved, heaved, AS. he·fod; akin to D. hoofd, OHG. houbit, G. haupt, Icel. hˆfu, Sw. hufvud, Dan. hoved, Goth. haubi˛. The word does not correspond regularly to L. caput head (cf. E. Chief, Cadet, Capital), and its origin is unknown.] 1. The anterior or superior part of an animal, containing the brain, or chief ganglia of the nervous system, the mouth, and in the higher animals, the chief sensory organs; poll; cephalon.

2. The uppermost, foremost, or most important part of an inanimate object; such a part as may be considered to resemble the head of an animal; often, also, the larger, thicker, or heavier part or extremity, in distinction from the smaller or thinner part, or from the point or edge; as, the head of a cane, a nail, a spear, an ax, a mast, a sail, a ship; that which covers and closes the top or the end of a hollow vessel; as, the head of a cask or a steam boiler.

3. The place where the head should go; as, the head of a bed, of a grave, etc.; the head of a carriage, that is, the hood which covers the head.

4. The most prominent or important member of any organized body; the chief; the leader; as, the head of a college, a school, a church, a state, and the like. "Their princes and heads." Robynson (More's Utopia).

The heads of the chief sects of philosophy.

Tillotson.

Your head I him appoint.

Milton.

5. The place or honor, or of command; the most important or foremost position; the front; as, the head of the table; the head of a column of soldiers.

An army of fourscore thousand troops, with the duke of Marlborough at the head of them.

Addison.

6. Each one among many; an individual; -- often used in a plural sense; as, a thousand head of cattle.

It there be six millions of people, there are about four acres for every head.

Graunt.

7. The seat of the intellect; the brain; the understanding; the mental faculties; as, a good head, that is, a good mind; it never entered his head, it did not occur to him; of his own head, of his own thought or will.

Men who had lost both head and heart.

Macaulay.

8. The source, fountain, spring, or beginning, as of a stream or river; as, the head of the Nile; hence, the altitude of the source, or the height of the surface, as of water, above a given place, as above an orifice at which it issues, and the pressure resulting from the height or from motion; sometimes also, the quantity in reserve; as, a mill or reservoir has a good head of water, or ten feet head; also, that part of a gulf or bay most remote from the outlet or the sea.

9. A headland; a promontory; as, Gay Head. Shak.

10. A separate part, or topic, of a discourse; a theme to be expanded; a subdivision; as, the heads of a sermon.

11. Culminating point or crisis; hence, strength; force; height.

Ere foul sin, gathering head, shall break into corruption.

Shak.

The indisposition which has long hung upon me, is at last grown to such a head, that it must quickly make an end of me or of itself.

Addison.

12. Power; armed force.

My lord, my lord, the French have gathered head.

Shak.

13. A headdress; a covering of the head; as, a laced head; a head of hair. Swift.

14. An ear of wheat, barley, or of one of the other small cereals.

15. (Bot.) (a) A dense cluster of flowers, as in clover, daisies, thistles; a capitulum. (b) A dense, compact mass of leaves, as in a cabbage or a lettuce plant.

16. The antlers of a deer.

17. A rounded mass of foam which rises on a pot of beer or other effervescing liquor. Mortimer.

18. pl. Tiles laid at the eaves of a house. Knight.

Head is often used adjectively or in self-explaining combinations; as, head gear or headgear, head rest. Cf. Head, a.

A buck of the first head, a male fallow deer in its fifth year, when it attains its complete set of antlers. Shak. -- By the head. (Naut.) See under By. -- Elevator head, Feed head, etc. See under Elevator, Feed, etc. -- From head to foot, through the whole length of a man; completely; throughout. "Arm me, audacity, from head to foot." Shak. -- Head and ears, with the whole person; deeply; completely; as, he was head and ears in debt or in trouble. [Colloq.] -- Head fast. (Naut.) See 5th Fast. -- Head kidney (Anat.), the most anterior of the three pairs of embryonic renal organs developed in most vertebrates; the pronephros. -- Head money, a capitation tax; a poll tax. Milton. -- Head pence, a poll tax. [Obs.] -- Head sea, a sea that meets the head of a vessel or rolls against her course. -- Head and shoulders. (a) By force; violently; as, to drag one, head and shoulders. "They bring in every figure of speech, head and shoulders." Felton. (b) By the height of the head and shoulders; hence, by a great degree or space; by far; much; as, he is head and shoulders above them. -- Head or tail, this side or that side; this thing or that; -- a phrase used in throwing a coin to decide a choice, question, or stake, head being the side of the coin bearing the effigy or principal figure (or, in case there is no head or face on either side, that side which has the date on it), and tail the other side. -- Neither head nor tail, neither beginning nor end; neither this thing nor that; nothing distinct or definite; -- a phrase used in speaking of what is indefinite or confused; as, they made neither head nor tail of the matter. [Colloq.] -- Head wind, a wind that blows in a direction opposite the vessel's course. -- Out of one's own head, according to one's own idea; without advice or coˆperation of another. Over the head of, beyond the comprehension of. M. Arnold. -- To be out of one's head, to be temporarily insane. -- To come or draw to a head. See under Come, Draw. -- To give (one) the head, or To give head, to let go, or to give up, control; to free from restraint; to give license. "He gave his able horse the head." Shak. "He has so long given his unruly passions their head." South. -- To his head, before his face. "An uncivil answer from a son to a father, from an obliged person to a benefactor, is a greater indecency than if an enemy should storm his house or revile him to his head." Jer. Taylor. -- To lay heads together, to consult; to conspire. -- To lose one's head, to lose presence of mind. -- To make head, or To make head against, to resist with success; to advance. -- To show one's head, to appear. Shak. -- To turn head, to turn the face or front. "The ravishers turn head, the fight renews." Dryden.

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Head (hd), a. Principal; chief; leading; first; as, the head master of a school; the head man of a tribe; a head chorister; a head cook.

Head (hd), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Headed; p. pr. & vb. n. Heading.] 1. To be at the head of; to put one's self at the head of; to lead; to direct; to act as leader to; as, to head an army, an expedition, or a riot. Dryden.

2. To form a head to; to fit or furnish with a head; as, to head a nail. Spenser.

3. To behead; to decapitate. [Obs.] Shak.

4. To cut off the top of; to lop off; as, to head trees.

5. To go in front of; to get in the front of, so as to hinder or stop; to oppose; hence, to check or restrain; as, to head a drove of cattle; to head a person; the wind heads a ship.

6. To set on the head; as, to head a cask.

To head off, to intercept; to get before; as, an officer heads off a thief who is escaping. -- To head up, to close, as a cask or barrel, by fitting a head to.

Head, v. i. 1. To originate; to spring; to have its source, as a river.

A broad river, that heads in the great Blue Ridge.

Adair.

2. To go or point in a certain direction; to tend; as, how does the ship head?

3. To form a head; as, this kind of cabbage heads early.

Head"ache` (hd"k`), n. Pain in the head; cephalalgia. "Headaches and shivering fits." Macaulay.

Head"ach`y, a. Afflicted with headache. [Colloq.]

Head"band` (-bnd), n. 1. A fillet; a band for the head. "The headbands and the tablets." Is. iii. 20.

2. The band at each end of the back of a book.

Head"board` (-brd`), n. A board or boarding which marks or forms the head of anything; as, the headboard of a bed; the headboard of a grave.

{ Head"bor*ough Head"bor*row } (hd"br*), n. 1. The chief of a frankpledge, tithing, or decennary, consisting of ten families; -- called also borsholder, boroughhead, boroughholder, and sometimes tithingman. See Borsholder. [Eng.] Blackstone.

2. (Modern Law) A petty constable. [Eng.]

Head"-cheese` (-chz`), n. A dish made of portions of the head, or head and feet, of swine, cut up fine, seasoned, and pressed into a cheeselike mass.

Head"dress` (-drs`), n. 1. A covering or ornament for the head; a headtire.

Among birds the males very often appear in a most beautiful headdress, whether it be a crest, a comb, a tuft of feathers, or a natural little plume.

Addison.

2. A manner of dressing the hair or of adorning it, whether with or without a veil, ribbons, combs, etc.

Head"ed, a. 1. Furnished with a head (commonly as denoting intellectual faculties); -- used in composition; as, clear-headed, long- headed, thick-headed; a many-headed monster.

2. Formed into a head; as, a headed cabbage.

Head"er, (-r), n. 1. One who, or that which, heads nails, rivets, etc., esp. a machine for heading.

2. One who heads a movement, a party, or a mob; head; chief; leader. [R.]

3. (Arch.) (a) A brick or stone laid with its shorter face or head in the surface of the wall. (b) In framing, the piece of timber fitted between two trimmers, and supported by them, and carrying the ends of the tailpieces.

4. A reaper for wheat, that cuts off the heads only.

5. A fall or plunge headforemost, as while riding a bicycle, or in bathing; as, to take a header. [Colloq.]

{ Head`first" (hd"frst`), Head`fore"most` (-fr"mst`), } adv. With the head foremost.

Head"fish` (hd"fsh`), n. (Zoˆl.) The sunfish (Mola).

Head" gear`, or Head"gear` (-gr`), n. 1. Headdress.

2. Apparatus above ground at the mouth of a mine or deep well.

Head"-hunt`er (-hnt`r), n. A member of any tribe or race of savages who have the custom of decapitating human beings and preserving their heads as trophies. The Dyaks of Borneo are the most noted head- hunters.

-- Head"-hunt`ing, n.

Head"i*ly (-*l), adv. In a heady or rash manner; hastily; rashly; obstinately.

Head"i*ness, n. The quality of being heady.

Head"ing, n. 1. The act or state of one who, or that which, heads; formation of a head.

2. That which stands at the head; title; as, the heading of a paper.

3. Material for the heads of casks, barrels, etc.

4. (Mining.) A gallery, drift, or adit in a mine; also, the end of a drift or gallery; the vein above a drift.

5. (Sewing) The extension of a line ruffling above the line of stitch.

6. (Masonry) That end of a stone or brick which is presented outward. Knight.

Heading course (Arch.), a course consisting only of headers. See Header, n. 3 (a). -- Heading joint. (a) (Carp.) A joint, as of two or more boards, etc., at right angles to the grain of the wood. (b) (Masonry) A joint between two roussoirs in the same course.

Head"land (hd"lnd), n. 1. A cape; a promontory; a point of land projecting into the sea or other expanse of water. "Sow the headland with wheat." Shak.

2. A ridge or strip of unplowed at the ends of furrows, or near a fence. Tusser.

Head"less, a. [AS. he·fodle·s.] 1. Having no head; beheaded; as, a headless body, neck, or carcass.

2. Destitute of a chief or leader. Sir W. Raleigh.

3. Destitute of understanding or prudence; foolish; rash; obstinate. [Obs.]

Witless headiness in judging or headless hardiness in condemning.

Spenser.

Head"light` (hd"lt`), n. (Engin.) A light, with a powerful reflector, placed at the head of a locomotive, or in front of it, to throw light on the track at night, or in going through a dark tunnel.

Head"line` (-ln`), n. 1. (Print.) The line at the head or top of a page.

2. (Naut.) See Headrope.

Head"long` (-lng`; 115), adv. [OE. hedling, hevedlynge; prob. confused with E. long, a. & adv.]

1. With the head foremost; as, to fall headlong. Acts i. 18.

2. Rashly; precipitately; without deliberation.

3. Hastily; without delay or respite.

Head"long, a. 1. Rash; precipitate; as, headlong folly.

2. Steep; precipitous. [Poetic]

Like a tower upon a headlong rock.

Byron.

Head"-lugged` (-lgd`), a. Lugged or dragged by the head. [R.] "The head- lugged bear." Shak.

Head"man` (hd"mn`), n.; pl. Headmen (-mn`). [AS. he·fodman.] A head or leading man, especially of a village community.

{ Head"mold` shot" Head"mould` shot" } (- mld` sht`). (Med.) An old name for the condition of the skull, in which the bones ride, or are shot, over each other at the sutures. Dunglison.

Head"most` (-mst`), a. Most advanced; most forward; as, the headmost ship in a fleet.

Head"note` (-nt`), n. A note at the head of a page or chapter; in law reports, an abstract of a case, showing the principles involved and the opinion of the court.

Head"pan` (-pn`), n. [AS. he·fodpanne.] The brainpan. [Obs.]

Head"piece` (-ps`), n. 1. Head.

In his headpiece he felt a sore pain.

Spenser.

2. A cap of defense; especially, an open one, as distinguished from the closed helmet of the Middle Ages.

3. Understanding; mental faculty.

Eumenes had the best headpiece of all Alexander's captains.

Prideaux.

4. An engraved ornament at the head of a chapter, or of a page.

Head"quar`ters (-kwr`trz), n. pl. [but sometimes used as a n. sing.] The quarters or place of residence of any chief officer, as the general in command of an army, or the head of a police force; the place from which orders or instructions are issued; hence, the center of authority or order.

The brain, which is the headquarters, or office, of intelligence.

Collier.

Head"race` (-rs`), n. See Race, a water course.

Head"room` (-rm`), n. (Arch.) See Headway, 2.

Head"rope` (-rp`), n. (Naut.) That part of a boltrope which is sewed to the upper edge or head of a sail.

Head"sail` (-sl`), n. (Naut.) Any sail set forward of the foremast. Totten.

Head`shake` (-shk`), n. A significant shake of the head, commonly as a signal of denial. Shak.

Head"ship, n. Authority or dignity; chief place.

Heads"man (hdz"man), n.; pl. Headsmen (-men). An executioner who cuts off heads. Dryden.

Head"spring` (hd"sprng`), n. Fountain; source.

The headspring of our belief.

Stapleton.

Head"stall` (-stl`), n. That part of a bridle or halter which encompasses the head. Shak.

Head"stock` (-stk`), n. (Mach.) A part (usually separate from the bed or frame) for supporting some of the principal working parts of a machine; as: (a) The part of a lathe that holds the revolving spindle and its attachments; -- also called poppet head, the opposite corresponding part being called a tailstock. (b) The part of a planing machine that supports the cutter, etc.

Head"stone` (-stn`), n. 1. The principal stone in a foundation; the chief or corner stone. Ps. cxviii. 22.

2. The stone at the head of a grave.

Head"strong` (-strng`; 115), a. 1. Not easily restrained; ungovernable; obstinate; stubborn.

Now let the headstrong boy my will control.

Dryden.

2. Directed by ungovernable will, or proceeding from obstinacy; as, a headstrong course. Dryden.

Syn. -- Violent; obstinate; ungovernable; untractable; stubborn; unruly; venturesome; heady.

Head"strong`ness, n. Obstinacy. [R.] Gayton.

Head"tire` (-tr`), n. 1. A headdress. "A headtire of fine linen." 1 Esdras iii. 6.

2. The manner of dressing the head, as at a particular time and place.

Head"way` (-w`), n. 1. The progress made by a ship in motion; hence, progress or success of any kind.

2. (Arch.) Clear space under an arch, girder, and the like, sufficient to allow of easy passing underneath.

Head"work` (-w˚rk`), n. Mental labor.

Head"y, (hd"), a. [From Head.] 1. Willful; rash; precipitate; hurried on by will or passion; ungovernable.

All the talent required is to be hot, to be heady, -- to be violent on one side or the other.

Sir W. Temple.

2. Apt to affect the head; intoxicating; strong.

The liquor is too heady.

Dryden.

3. Violent; impetuous. "A heady currance." Shak.

Heal, (hl), v. t. [See Hele.] To cover, as a roof, with tiles, slate, lead, or the like. [Obs.]

Heal, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Healed (hld); p. pr. & vb. n. Healing.] [OE. helen, hÊlen, AS. hlan, fr. hl hale, sound, whole; akin to OS. hlian, D. heelen, G. heilen, Goth. hailjan. See Whole.] 1. To make hale, sound, or whole; to cure of a disease, wound, or other derangement; to restore to soundness or health.

Speak the word only, and my servant shall be healed.

Matt. viii. 8.

2. To remove or subdue; to cause to pass away; to cure; -- said of a disease or a wound.

I will heal their backsliding.

Hos. xiv. 4.

3. To restore to original purity or integrity.

Thus saith the Lord, I have healed these waters.

2 Kings ii. 21.

4. To reconcile, as a breach or difference; to make whole; to free from guilt; as, to heal dissensions.

Heal (hl), v. i. To grow sound; to return to a sound state; as, the limb heals, or the wound heals; -- sometimes with up or over; as, it will heal up, or over.

Those wounds heal ill that men do give themselves.

Shak.

Heal, n. [AS. hlu, hl. See Heal, v. t.] Health. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Heal"a*ble (-*b'l), a. Capable of being healed.

Heal"all` (-l`), n. (Bot.) A common herb of the Mint family (Brunella vulgaris), destitute of active properties, but anciently thought a panacea.

Heald (hld), n. [CF. Heddle.] A heddle. Ure.

Heal"er (hl"r), n. One who, or that which, heals.

Heal"ful (-fl), a. Tending or serving to heal; healing. [Obs.] Ecclus. xv. 3.

Heal"ing, a. Tending to cure; soothing; mollifying; as, the healing art; a healing salve; healing words.

Here healing dews and balms abound.

Keble.

Heal"ing*ly, adv. So as to heal or cure.

Health (hlth), n. [OE. helthe, AS. hl˛, fr. hl hale, sound, whole. See Whole.] 1. The state of being hale, sound, or whole, in body, mind, or soul; especially, the state of being free from physical disease or pain.

There is no health in us.

Book of Common Prayer.

Though health may be enjoyed without gratitude, it can not be sported with without loss, or regained by courage.

Buckminster.

2. A wish of health and happiness, as in pledging a person in a toast. "Come, love and health to all." Shak.

Bill of health. See under Bill. -- Health lift, a machine for exercise, so arranged that a person lifts an increasing weight, or moves a spring of increasing tension, in such a manner that most of the muscles of the body are brought into gradual action; -- also called lifting machine. -- Health officer, one charged with the enforcement of the sanitary laws of a port or other place. -- To drink a health. See under Drink.

Health"ful (-fl), a. 1. Full of health; free from illness or disease; well; whole; sound; healthy; as, a healthful body or mind; a healthful plant.

2. Serving to promote health of body or mind; wholesome; salubrious; salutary; as, a healthful air, diet.

The healthful Spirit of thy grace.

Book of Common Prayer.

3. Indicating, characterized by, or resulting from, health or soundness; as, a healthful condition.

A mind . . . healthful and so well- proportioned.

Macaulay.

4. Well-disposed; favorable. [R.]

Gave healthful welcome to their shipwrecked guests.

Shak.

Health"ful*ly, adv. In health; wholesomely.

Health"ful*ness, n. The state of being healthful.

Health"i*ly (-*l), adv. In a healthy manner.

Health"i*ness, n. The state of being healthy or healthful; freedom from disease.

Health"less, a. 1. Without health, whether of body or mind; infirm. "A healthless or old age." Jer. Taylor.

2. Not conducive to health; unwholesome. [R.]

Health"less*ness, n. The state of being healthless.

Health"some (-sm), a. Wholesome; salubrious. [R.] "Healthsome air." Shak.

Health"ward (-wrd), a. & adv. In the direction of health; as, a healthward tendency.

Health"y (-), a. [Compar. Healthier (-*r); superl. Healthiest.] 1. Being in a state of health; enjoying health; hale; sound; free from disease; as, a healthy child; a healthy plant.

His mind was now in a firm and healthy state.

Macaulay.

2. Evincing health; as, a healthy pulse; a healthy complexion.

3. Conducive to health; wholesome; salubrious; salutary; as, a healthy exercise; a healthy climate.

Syn. -- Vigorous; sound; hale; salubrious; healthful; wholesome; salutary.

Heam (hm), n. [Cf. AS. cildhamma womb, OD. hamme afterbirth, LG. hamen.] The afterbirth or secundines of a beast.

Heap (hp), n. [OE. heep, heap, heap, multitude, AS. he·p; akin to OS. hp, D. hoop, OHG. houf, hfo, G. haufe, haufen, Sw. hop, Dan. hob, Icel. hpr troop, flock, Russ. kupa heap, crowd, Lith. kaupas. Cf. Hope, in Forlorn hope.] 1. A crowd; a throng; a multitude or great number of persons. [Now Low or Humorous]

The wisdom of a heap of learned men.

Chaucer.

A heap of vassals and slaves.

Bacon.

He had heaps of friends.

W. Black.

2. A great number or large quantity of things not placed in a pile. [Now Low or Humorous]

A vast heap, both of places of scripture and quotations.

Bp. Burnet.

I have noticed a heap of things in my life.

R. L. Stevenson.

3. A pile or mass; a collection of things laid in a body, or thrown together so as to form an elevation; as, a heap of earth or stones.

Huge heaps of slain around the body rise.

Dryden.

Heap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heaped (hpt); p. pr. & vb. n. Heaping.] [AS. he·pian.] 1. To collect in great quantity; to amass; to lay up; to accumulate; -- usually with up; as, to heap up treasures.

Though he heap up silver as the dust.

Job. xxvii. 16.

2. To throw or lay in a heap; to make a heap of; to pile; as, to heap stones; -- often with up; as, to heap up earth; or with on; as, to heap on wood or coal.

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3. To form or round into a heap, as in measuring; to fill (a measure) more than even full.

Heap"er (hp"r), n. One who heaps, piles, or amasses.

Heap"y (-), a. Lying in heaps. Gay.

Hear (hr), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heard (hrd); p. pr. & vb. n. Hearing.] [OE. heren, AS,. hiÈran, hran, hran; akin to OS. hrian, OFries. hera, hora, D. hooren, OHG. hren, G. hˆren, Icel. heyra, Sw. hˆra, Dan. hore, Goth. hausjan, and perh. to Gr. 'akoy`ein, E. acoustic. Cf. Hark, Hearken.] 1. To perceive by the ear; to apprehend or take cognizance of by the ear; as, to hear sounds; to hear a voice; to hear one call.

Lay thine ear close to the ground, and list if thou canst hear the tread of travelers.

Shak.

He had been heard to utter an ominous growl.

Macaulay.

2. To give audience or attention to; to listen to; to heed; to accept the doctrines or advice of; to obey; to examine; to try in a judicial court; as, to hear a recitation; to hear a class; the case will be heard to- morrow.

3. To attend, or be present at, as hearer or worshiper; as, to hear a concert; to hear Mass.

4. To give attention to as a teacher or judge.

Thy matters are good and right, but there is no man deputed of the king to hear thee.

2 Sam. xv. 3.

I beseech your honor to hear me one single word.

Shak.

5. To accede to the demand or wishes of; to listen to and answer favorably; to favor.

I love the Lord, because he hath heard my voice.

Ps. cxvi. 1.

They think that they shall be heard for their much speaking.

Matt. vi. 7.

Hear him. See Remark, under Hear, v. i. -- To hear a bird sing, to receive private communication. [Colloq.] Shak. -- To hear say, to hear one say; to learn by common report; to receive by rumor. [Colloq.]

Hear, v. i. 1. To have the sense or faculty of perceiving sound. "The hearing ear." Prov. xx. 12.

2. To use the power of perceiving sound; to perceive or apprehend by the ear; to attend; to listen.

So spake our mother Eve, and Adam heard, Well pleased, but answered not.

Milton.

3. To be informed by oral communication; to be told; to receive information by report or by letter.

I have heard, sir, of such a man.

Shak.

I must hear from thee every day in the hour.

Shak.

To hear ill, to be blamed. [Obs.]

Not only within his own camp, but also now at Rome, he heard ill for his temporizing and slow proceedings.

Holland.

-- To hear well, to be praised. [Obs.]

Hear, or Hear him, is often used in the imperative, especially in the course of a speech in English assemblies, to call attention to the words of the speaker.

Hear him, . . . a cry indicative, according to the tone, of admiration, acquiescence, indignation, or derision.

Macaulay.

Heard (hrd), imp. & p. p. of Hear.

Hear"er (hr"r), n. One who hears; an auditor.

Hear"ing, n. 1. The act or power of perceiving sound; perception of sound; the faculty or sense by which sound is perceived; as, my hearing is good.

I have heard of thee by the hearing of the ear.

Job xlii. 5.

Hearing in a special sensation, produced by stimulation of the auditory nerve; the stimulus (waves of sound) acting not directly on the nerve, but through the medium of the endolymph on the delicate epithelium cells, constituting the peripheral terminations of the nerve. See Ear.

2. Attention to what is delivered; opportunity to be heard; audience; as, I could not obtain a hearing.

3. A listening to facts and evidence, for the sake of adjudication; a session of a court for considering proofs and determining issues.

His last offenses to us Shall have judicious hearing.

Shak.

Another hearing before some other court.

Dryden.

Hearing, as applied to equity cases, means the same thing that the word trial does at law. Abbot.

4. Extent within which sound may be heard; sound; earshot. "She's not within hearing." Shak.

They laid him by the pleasant shore, And in the hearing of the wave.

Tennyson.

Heark"en (h‰rk"'n), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hearkened (-'nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Hearkening.] [OE. hercnen, hercnien, AS. hercnian, heorcnian, fr. hiÈran, hran, to hear; akin to OD. harcken, horcken, LG. harken, horken, G. horchen. See Hear, and cf. Hark.] 1. To listen; to lend the ear; to attend to what is uttered; to give heed; to hear, in order to obey or comply.

The Furies hearken, and their snakes uncurl.

Dryden.

Hearken, O Israel, unto the statutes and unto the judgments, which I teach you.

Deut. iv. 1.

2. To inquire; to seek information. [Obs.] "Hearken after their offense." Shak.

Syn. -- To attend; listen; hear; heed. See Attend, v. i.

Heark"en, v. t. 1. To hear by listening. [Archaic]

[She] hearkened now and then Some little whispering and soft groaning sound.

Spenser.

2. To give heed to; to hear attentively. [Archaic]

The King of Naples . . . hearkens my brother's suit.

Shak.

To hearken out, to search out. [Obs.]

If you find none, you must hearken out a vein and buy.

B. Johnson.

Heark"en*er (-r), n. One who hearkens; a listener.

Hear"sal (hr"sal), n. Rehearsal. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hear"say` (hr"s`), n. Report; rumor; fame; common talk; something heard from another.

Much of the obloquy that has so long rested on the memory of our great national poet originated in frivolous hearsays of his life and conversation.

Prof. Wilson.

Hearsay evidence (Law), that species of testimony which consists in a narration by one person of matters told him by another. It is, with a few exceptions, inadmissible as testimony. Abbott.

Hearse (hrs), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A hind in the second year of its age. [Eng.] Wright.

Hearse (hrs), n. [See Herse.] 1. A framework of wood or metal placed over the coffin or tomb of a deceased person, and covered with a pall; also, a temporary canopy bearing wax lights and set up in a church, under which the coffin was placed during the funeral ceremonies. [Obs.] Oxf. Gloss.

2. A grave, coffin, tomb, or sepulchral monument. [Archaic] "Underneath this marble hearse." B. Johnson.

Beside the hearse a fruitful palm tree grows.

Fairfax

Who lies beneath this sculptured hearse.

Longfellow.

3. A bier or handbarrow for conveying the dead to the grave. [Obs.]

Set down, set down your honorable load, It honor may be shrouded in a hearse.

Shak.

4. A carriage specially adapted or used for conveying the dead to the grave.

Hearse, v. t. To inclose in a hearse; to entomb. [Obs.] "Would she were hearsed at my foot." Shak.

Hearse"cloth` (-klth`; 115), n. A cloth for covering a coffin when on a bier; a pall. Bp. Sanderson.

Hearse"like` (-lk`), a. Suitable to a funeral.

If you listen to David's harp, you shall hear as many hearselike airs as carols.

Bacon.

Heart (h‰rt), n. [OE. harte, herte, heorte, AS. heorte; akin to OS. herta, OFies. hirte, D. hart, OHG. herza, G. herz, Icel. hjarta, Sw. hjerta, Goth. haÌrt, Lith. szirdis, Russ. serdtse, Ir. cridhe, L. cor, Gr. kardi`a, kh^r &radic;227. Cf. Accord, Discord, Cordial, 4th Core, Courage.] 1. (Anat.) A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.

Why does my blood thus muster to my heart!

Shak.

In adult mammals and birds, the heart is four-chambered, the right auricle and ventricle being completely separated from the left auricle and ventricle; and the blood flows from the systemic veins to the right auricle, thence to the right ventricle, from which it is forced to the lungs, then returned to the left auricle, thence passes to the left ventricle, from which it is driven into the systemic arteries. See Illust. under Aorta. In fishes there are but one auricle and one ventricle, the blood being pumped from the ventricle through the gills to the system, and thence returned to the auricle. In most amphibians and reptiles, the separation of the auricles is partial or complete, and in reptiles the ventricles also are separated more or less completely. The so- called lymph hearts, found in many amphibians, reptiles, and birds, are contractile sacs, which pump the lymph into the veins.

2. The seat of the affections or sensibilities, collectively or separately, as love, hate, joy, grief, courage, and the like; rarely, the seat of the understanding or will; -- usually in a good sense, when no epithet is expressed; the better or lovelier part of our nature; the spring of all our actions and purposes; the seat of moral life and character; the moral affections and character itself; the individual disposition and character; as, a good, tender, loving, bad, hard, or selfish heart.

Hearts are dust, hearts' loves remain.

Emerson.

3. The nearest the middle or center; the part most hidden and within; the inmost or most essential part of any body or system; the source of life and motion in any organization; the chief or vital portion; the center of activity, or of energetic or efficient action; as, the heart of a country, of a tree, etc.

Exploits done in the heart of France.

Shak.

Peace subsisting at the heart Of endless agitation.

Wordsworth.

4. Courage; courageous purpose; spirit.

Eve, recovering heart, replied.

Milton.

The expelled nations take heart, and when they fly from one country invade another.

Sir W. Temple.

5. Vigorous and efficient activity; power of fertile production; condition of the soil, whether good or bad.

That the spent earth may gather heart again.

Dryden.

6. That which resembles a heart in shape; especially, a roundish or oval figure or object having an obtuse point at one end, and at the other a corresponding indentation, -- used as a symbol or representative of the heart.

7. One of a series of playing cards, distinguished by the figure or figures of a heart; as, hearts are trumps.

8. Vital part; secret meaning; real intention.

And then show you the heart of my message.

Shak.

9. A term of affectionate or kindly and familiar address. "I speak to thee, my heart." Shak.

Heart is used in many compounds, the most of which need no special explanation; as, heart-appalling, heart-breaking, heart-cheering, heart-chilled, heart-expanding, heart-free, heart-hardened, heart-heavy, heart-purifying, heart-searching, heart-sickening, heart-sinking, heart-sore, heart-stirring, heart-touching, heart-wearing, heart-whole, heart-wounding, heart-wringing, etc.

After one's own heart, conforming with one's inmost approval and desire; as, a friend after my own heart.

The Lord hath sought him a man after his own heart.

1 Sam. xiii. 14.

-- At heart, in the inmost character or disposition; at bottom; really; as, he is at heart a good man. -- By heart, in the closest or most thorough manner; as, to know or learn by heart. "Composing songs, for fools to get by heart" (that is, to commit to memory, or to learn thoroughly). Pope. -- For my heart, for my life; if my life were at stake. [Obs.] "I could not get him for my heart to do it." Shak. -- Heart bond (Masonry), a bond in which no header stone stretches across the wall, but two headers meet in the middle, and their joint is covered by another stone laid header fashion. Knight. -- Heart and hand, with enthusiastic coˆperation. -- Heart hardness, hardness of heart; callousness of feeling; moral insensibility. Shak. -- Heart heaviness, depression of spirits. Shak. -- Heart point (Her.), the fess point. See Escutcheon. -- Heart rising, a rising of the heart, as in opposition. -- Heart shell (Zoˆl.), any marine, bivalve shell of the genus Cardium and allied genera, having a heart-shaped shell; esp., the European Isocardia cor; -- called also heart cockle. -- Heart sickness, extreme depression of spirits. -- Heart and soul, with the utmost earnestness. -- Heart urchin (Zoˆl.), any heartshaped, spatangoid sea urchin. See Spatangoid. -- Heart wheel, a form of cam, shaped like a heart. See Cam. -- In good heart, in good courage; in good hope. -- Out of heart, discouraged. -- Poor heart, an exclamation of pity. -- To break the heart of. (a) To bring to despair or hopeless grief; to cause to be utterly cast down by sorrow. (b) To bring almost to completion; to finish very nearly; -- said of anything undertaken; as, he has broken the heart of the task. -- To find in the heart, to be willing or disposed. "I could find in my heart to ask your pardon." Sir P. Sidney. -- To have at heart, to desire (anything) earnestly. -- To have in the heart, to purpose; to design or intend to do. -- To have the heart in the mouth, to be much frightened. -- To lose heart, to become discouraged. -- To lose one's heart, to fall in love. -- To set the heart at rest, to put one's self at ease. -- To set the heart upon, to fix the desires on; to long for earnestly; to be very fond of. -- To take heart of grace, to take courage. -- To take to heart, to grieve over. -- To wear one's heart upon one's sleeve, to expose one's feelings or intentions; to be frank or impulsive. - - With all one's heart, With one's whole heart, very earnestly; fully; completely; devotedly.

Heart (h‰rt), v. t. To give heart to; to hearten; to encourage; to inspirit. [Obs.]

My cause is hearted; thine hath no less reason.

Shak.

Heart, v. i. To form a compact center or heart; as, a hearting cabbage.

Heart"ache` (-k`), n. [Cf. AS. heortece.] Sorrow; anguish of mind; mental pang. Shak.

Heart"break` (-brk`), n. Crushing sorrow or grief; a yielding to such grief. Shak.

Heart"break`ing, a. Causing overpowering sorrow.

Heart"bro`ken (-br`k'n), a. Overcome by crushing sorrow; deeply grieved.

Heart"burn` (-b˚rn`), n. (Med.) An uneasy, burning sensation in the stomach, often attended with an inclination to vomit. It is sometimes idiopathic, but is often a symptom of other complaints.

Heart"burned` (-b˚rnd`), a. Having heartburn. Shak.

Heart"burn`ing (-b˚rn`ng), a. Causing discontent.

Heart"burn`ing, n. 1. (Med.) Same as Heartburn.

2. Discontent; secret enmity. Swift.

The transaction did not fail to leave heartburnings.

Palfrey.

Heart"dear` (-dr`), a. Sincerely beloved. [R.] Shak.

Heart"deep` (-dp`), a. Rooted in the heart. Herbert.

Heart"-eat`ing (-t`ng), a. Preying on the heart.

Heart"ed, a. 1. Having a heart; having (such) a heart (regarded as the seat of the affections, disposition, or character).

2. Shaped like a heart; cordate. [R.] Landor.

3. Seated or laid up in the heart.

I hate the Moor: my cause is hearted.

Shak.

This word is chiefly used in composition; as, hard- hearted, faint-hearted, kind-hearted, lion- hearted, stout-hearted, etc. Hence the nouns hard- heartedness, faint-heartedness, etc.

Heart"ed*ness, n. Earnestness; sincerity; heartiness. [R.] Clarendon.

See also the Note under Hearted. The analysis of the compounds gives hard-hearted + -ness, rather than hard + heartedness, etc.

Heart"en (h‰rt"'n), v. t. [From Heart.] 1. To encourage; to animate; to incite or stimulate the courage of; to embolden.

Hearten those that fight in your defense.

Shak.

2. To restore fertility or strength to, as to land.

Heart"en*er (-r), n. One who, or that which, heartens, animates, or stirs up. W. Browne.

Heart"felt` (-flt`), a. Hearty; sincere.

Heart"grief` (-grf`), n. Heartache; sorrow. Milton.

Hearth (h‰rth), n. [OE. harthe, herth, herthe, AS. heor; akin to D. haard, heerd, Sw. h‰rd, G. herd; cf. Goth. ha˙ri a coal, Icel. hyrr embers, and L. cremare to burn.] 1. The pavement or floor of brick, stone, or metal in a chimney, on which a fire is made; the floor of a fireplace; also, a corresponding part of a stove.

There was a fire on the hearth burning before him.

Jer. xxxvi. 22.

Where fires thou find'st unraked and hearths unswept. There pinch the maids as blue as bilberry.

Shak.

2. The house itself, as the abode of comfort to its inmates and of hospitality to strangers; fireside.

Household talk and phrases of the hearth.

Tennyson.

3. (Metal. & Manuf.) The floor of a furnace, on which the material to be heated lies, or the lowest part of a melting furnace, into which the melted material settles.

Hearth ends (Metal.), fragments of lead ore ejected from the furnace by the blast. -- Hearth money, Hearth penny [AS. heorpening], a tax formerly laid in England on hearths, each hearth (in all houses paying the church and poor rates) being taxed at two shillings; -- called also chimney money, etc.

He had been importuned by the common people to relieve them from the . . . burden of the hearth money.

Macaulay.

Hearth"stone` (-stn`), n. Stone forming the hearth; hence, the fireside; home.

Chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone.

A. Lincoln.

Heart"i*ly (h‰rt"*l), adv. [From Hearty.] 1. From the heart; with all the heart; with sincerity.

I heartily forgive them.

Shak.

2. With zeal; actively; vigorously; willingly; cordially; as, he heartily assisted the prince.

To eat heartily, to eat freely and with relish. Addison.

Syn. -- Sincerely; cordially; zealously; vigorously; actively; warmly; eagerly; ardently; earnestly.

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Heart"i*ness (h‰rt"*ns), n. The quality of being hearty; as, the heartiness of a greeting.

Heart"less, a. 1. Without a heart.

You have left me heartless; mine is in your bosom.

J. Webster.

2. Destitute of courage; spiritless; despondent.

Heartless they fought, and quitted soon their ground.

Dryden.

Heartless and melancholy.

W. Irwing.

3. Destitute of feeling or affection; unsympathetic; cruel. "The heartless parasites." Byron.

-- Heart"less*ly, adv. -- Heart"less*ness, n.

Heart"let (-lt), n. A little heart.

Heart"lings (-lngz), interj. An exclamation used in addressing a familiar acquaintance. [Obs.] Shak.

Heart"pea` (-p`), n. (Bot.) Same as Heartseed.

Heart"quake` (-kwk`), n. Trembling of the heart; trepidation; fear.

In many an hour of danger and heartquake.

Hawthorne.

Heart"rend`ing (-rnd`ng), a. Causing intense grief; overpowering with anguish; very distressing.

Heart"-rob`bing (-rb`bng), a. 1. Depriving of thought; ecstatic. "Heart-robbing gladness." Spenser.

2. Stealing the heart or affections; winning.

Heart's"-ease` (h‰rts"z`), n. 1. Ease of heart; peace or tranquillity of mind or feeling. Shak.

2. (Bot.) A species of violet (Viola tricolor); -- called also pansy.

Heart"seed` (h‰rt"sd`), n. (Bot.) A climbing plant of the genus Cardiospermum, having round seeds which are marked with a spot like a heart. Loudon.

Heart"shaped` (-shpt`), a. Having the shape of a heart; cordate.

Heart"sick` (-sk`), a. [AS. heortseÛc.] Sick at heart; extremely depressed in spirits; very despondent.

Heart"some (-sm), a. Merry; cheerful; lively. [Scot.]

Heart"-spoon` (-spn`), n. A part of the breastbone. [Obs.]

He feeleth through the herte-spon the pricke.

Chaucer.

Heart"strick`en (-strk`'n), a. Shocked; dismayed.

Heart"strike` (-strk`), v. t. To affect at heart; to shock. [R.] "They seek to heartstrike us." B. Jonson.

Heart"string` (-strng`), n. A nerve or tendon, supposed to brace and sustain the heart. Shak.

Sobbing, as if a heartstring broke.

Moore.

Heart"struck` (-strk`), a. 1. Driven to the heart; infixed in the mind. "His heartstruck injuries." Shak.

2. Shocked with pain, fear, or remorse; dismayed; heartstricken. Milton.

Heart"swell`ing (-swl`ng), a. Rankling in, or swelling, the heart. "Heartswelling hate." Spenser.

Heart"-whole` (-hl`), a. [See Whole.] 1. Having the heart or affections free; not in love. Shak.

2. With unbroken courage; undismayed.

3. Of a single and sincere heart.

If he keeps heart-whole towards his Master.

Bunyan.

Heart"wood` (-wd`), n. The hard, central part of the trunk of a tree, consisting of the old and matured wood, and usually differing in color from the outer layers. It is technically known as duramen, and distinguished from the softer sapwood or alburnum.

Heart"-wound`ed (h‰rt"wnd`d or - wound`d), a. Wounded to the heart with love or grief. Pope.

Heart"y (h‰rt"), a. [Compar. Heartier (-*r); superl. Heartiest.] 1. Pertaining to, or proceeding from, the heart; warm; cordial; bold; zealous; sincere; willing; also, energetic; active; eager; as, a hearty welcome; hearty in supporting the government.

Full of hearty tears For our good father's loss.

Marston.

2. Exhibiting strength; sound; healthy; firm; not weak; as, a hearty man; hearty timber.

3. Promoting strength; nourishing; rich; abundant; as, hearty food; a hearty meal.

Syn. -- Sincere; real; unfeigned; undissembled; cordial; earnest; warm; zealous; ardent; eager; active; vigorous. -- Hearty, Cordial, Sincere. Hearty implies honesty and simplicity of feelings and manners; cordial refers to the warmth and liveliness with which the feelings are expressed; sincere implies that this expression corresponds to the real sentiments of the heart. A man should be hearty in his attachment to his friends, cordial in his reception of them to his house, and sincere in his offers to assist them.

Heart"y, n.; pl. Hearties (-z). Comrade; boon companion; good fellow; -- a term of familiar address and fellowship among sailors. Dickens.

Heart"y*hale` (-hl`), a. Good for the heart. [Obs.]

Heat (ht), n. [OE. hete, hÊte, AS. htu, hto, fr. ht hot; akin to OHG. heizi heat, Dan. hede, Sw. hetta. See Hot.] 1. A force in nature which is recognized in various effects, but especially in the phenomena of fusion and evaporation, and which, as manifested in fire, the sun's rays, mechanical action, chemical combination, etc., becomes directly known to us through the sense of feeling. In its nature heat is a mode of motion, being in general a form of molecular disturbance or vibration. It was formerly supposed to be a subtile, imponderable fluid, to which was given the name caloric.

As affecting the human body, heat produces different sensations, which are called by different names, as heat or sensible heat, warmth, cold, etc., according to its degree or amount relatively to the normal temperature of the body.

2. The sensation caused by the force or influence of heat when excessive, or above that which is normal to the human body; the bodily feeling experienced on exposure to fire, the sun's rays, etc.; the reverse of cold.

3. High temperature, as distinguished from low temperature, or cold; as, the heat of summer and the cold of winter; heat of the skin or body in fever, etc.

Else how had the world . . . Avoided pinching cold and scorching heat!

Milton.

4. Indication of high temperature; appearance, condition, or color of a body, as indicating its temperature; redness; high color; flush; degree of temperature to which something is heated, as indicated by appearance, condition, or otherwise.

It has raised . . . heats in their faces.

Addison.

The heats smiths take of their iron are a blood-red heat, a white-flame heat, and a sparkling or welding heat.

Moxon.

5. A single complete operation of heating, as at a forge or in a furnace; as, to make a horseshoe in a certain number of heats.

6. A violent action unintermitted; a single effort; a single course in a race that consists of two or more courses; as, he won two heats out of three.

Many causes . . . for refreshment betwixt the heats.

Dryden.

[He] struck off at one heat the matchless tale of "Tam o' Shanter."

J. C. Shairp.

7. Utmost violence; rage; vehemence; as, the heat of battle or party. "The heat of their division." Shak.

8. Agitation of mind; inflammation or excitement; exasperation. "The heat and hurry of his rage." South.

9. Animation, as in discourse; ardor; fervency.

With all the strength and heat of eloquence.

Addison.

10. Sexual excitement in animals.

11. Fermentation.

Animal heat, Blood heat, Capacity for heat, etc. See under Animal, Blood, etc. -- Atomic heat (Chem.), the product obtained by multiplying the atomic weight of any element by its specific heat. The atomic heat of all solid elements is nearly a constant, the mean value being 6.4. -- Dynamical theory of heat, that theory of heat which assumes it to be, not a peculiar kind of matter, but a peculiar motion of the ultimate particles of matter. Heat engine, any apparatus by which a heated substance, as a heated fluid, is made to perform work by giving motion to mechanism, as a hot-air engine, or a steam engine. -- Heat producers. (Physiol.) See under Food. -- Heat rays, a term formerly applied to the rays near the red end of the spectrum, whether within or beyond the visible spectrum. -- Heat weight (Mech.), the product of any quantity of heat by the mechanical equivalent of heat divided by the absolute temperature; -- called also thermodynamic function, and entropy. -- Mechanical equivalent of heat. See under Equivalent. -- Specific heat of a substance (at any temperature), the number of units of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of the substance at that temperature one degree. -- Unit of heat, the quantity of heat required to raise, by one degree, the temperature of a unit mass of water, initially at a certain standard temperature. The temperature usually employed is that of 0∞ Centigrade, or 32∞ Fahrenheit.

Heat (ht), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heated; p. pr. & vb. n. Heating.] [OE. heten, AS. htan, fr. ht hot. See Hot.] 1. To make hot; to communicate heat to, or cause to grow warm; as, to heat an oven or furnace, an iron, or the like.

Heat me these irons hot.

Shak.

2. To excite or make hot by action or emotion; to make feverish.

Pray, walk softly; do not heat your blood.

Shak.

3. To excite ardor in; to rouse to action; to excite to excess; to inflame, as the passions.

A noble emulation heats your breast.

Dryden.

Heat, v. i. 1. To grow warm or hot by the action of fire or friction, etc., or the communication of heat; as, the iron or the water heats slowly.

2. To grow warm or hot by fermentation, or the development of heat by chemical action; as, green hay heats in a mow, and manure in the dunghill.

Heat (ht), imp. & p. p. of Heat. Heated; as, the iron though heat red- hot. [Obs. or Archaic] Shak.

Heat"er (ht"r), n. 1. One who, or that which, heats.

2. Any contrivance or implement, as a furnace, stove, or other heated body or vessel, etc., used to impart heat to something, or to contain something to be heated.

Feed heater. See under Feed.

Heath (hth), n. [OE. heth waste land, the plant heath, AS. h; akin to D. & G. heide, Icel. heir waste land, Dan. hede, Sw. hed, Goth. hai˛i field, L. bucetum a cow pasture; cf. W. coed a wood, Skr. kshtra field. &radic;20.] 1. (Bot.) (a) A low shrub (Erica, or Calluna, vulgaris), with minute evergreen leaves, and handsome clusters of pink flowers. It is used in Great Britain for brooms, thatch, beds for the poor, and for heating ovens. It is also called heather, and ling. (b) Also, any species of the genus Erica, of which several are European, and many more are South African, some of great beauty. See Illust. of Heather.

2. A place overgrown with heath; any cheerless tract of country overgrown with shrubs or coarse herbage.

Their stately growth, though bare, Stands on the blasted heath.

Milton

Heath cock (Zoˆl.), the blackcock. See Heath grouse (below). -- Heath grass (Bot.), a kind of perennial grass, of the genus Triodia (T. decumbens), growing on dry heaths. -- Heath grouse, or Heath game (Zoˆl.), a European grouse (Tetrao tetrix), which inhabits heaths; -- called also black game, black grouse, heath poult, heath fowl, moor fowl. The male is called heath cock, and blackcock; the female, heath hen, and gray hen. -- Heath hen. (Zoˆl.) See Heath grouse (above). -- Heath pea (Bot.), a species of bitter vetch (Lathyrus macrorhizus), the tubers of which are eaten, and in Scotland are used to flavor whisky. -- Heath throstle (Zoˆl.), a European thrush which frequents heaths; the ring ouzel.

Heath"clad` (-kld`), a. Clad or crowned with heath.

Hea"then (h"'n; 277), n.; pl. Heathens (-'nz) or collectively Heathen. [OE. hethen, AS. hen, prop. an adj. fr. h heath, and orig., therefore, one who lives in the country or on the heaths and in the woods (cf. pagan, fr. pagus village); akin to OS. hin, adj., D. heiden a heathen, G. heide, OHG. heidan, Icel. heiinn, adj., Sw. heden, Goth. hai˛n, n. fem. See Heath, and cf. Hoiden.] 1. An individual of the pagan or unbelieving nations, or those which worship idols and do not acknowledge the true God; a pagan; an idolater.

2. An irreligious person.

If it is no more than a moral discourse, he may preach it and they may hear it, and yet both continue unconverted heathens.

V. Knox.

The heathen, as the term is used in the Scriptures, all people except the Jews; now used of all people except Christians, Jews, and Mohammedans.

Ask of me, and I shall give thee the heathen for thine inheritance.

Ps. ii. 8.

Syn. -- Pagan; gentile. See Pagan.

Hea"then (h"'n), a. 1. Gentile; pagan; as, a heathen author. "The heathen philosopher." "All in gold, like heathen gods." Shak.

2. Barbarous; unenlightened; heathenish.

3. Irreligious; scoffing.

Hea"then*dom (-dm), n. [AS. hendm.] 1. That part of the world where heathenism prevails; the heathen nations, considered collectively.

2. Heathenism. C. Kingsley.

Hea"then*esse (-s), n. [AS. hennes, i. e., heathenness.] Heathendom. [Obs.] Chaucer. Sir W. Scott.

Hea"then*ish, a. [AS. henisc.] 1. Of or pertaining to the heathen; resembling or characteristic of heathens. "Worse than heathenish crimes." Milton.

2. Rude; uncivilized; savage; cruel. South.

3. Irreligious; as, a heathenish way of living.

Hea"then*ish*ly, adv. In a heathenish manner.

Hea"then*ish*ness, n. The state or quality of being heathenish. "The . . . heathenishness and profaneness of most playbooks." Prynne.

Hea"then*ism (-z'm), n. 1. The religious system or rites of a heathen nation; idolatry; paganism.

2. The manners or morals usually prevalent in a heathen country; ignorance; rudeness; barbarism.

Hea"then*ize (-z), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heathenized (-zd); p. pr. & vb. n. Heathenizing (- `zng).] To render heathen or heathenish. Firmin.

Hea"then*ness, n. [Cf. Heathenesse.] State of being heathen or like the heathen.

Hea"then*ry (-r), n. 1. The state, quality, or character of the heathen.

Your heathenry and your laziness.

C. Kingsley.

2. Heathendom; heathen nations.

Heath"er (h"r; 277. This is the only pronunciation in Scotland), n. [See Heath.] Heath. [Scot.]

Gorse and grass And heather, where his footsteps pass, The brighter seem.

Longfellow.

Heather bell (Bot.), one of the pretty subglobose flowers of two European kinds of heather (Erica Tetralix, and E. cinerea).

Heath"er*y (-), a. Heathy; abounding in heather; of the nature of heath.

Heath"y (hth"), a. Full of heath; abounding with heath; as, heathy land; heathy hills. Sir W. Scott.

Heat"ing (ht"ng), a. That heats or imparts heat; promoting warmth or heat; exciting action; stimulating; as, heating medicines or applications.

Heating surface (Steam Boilers), the aggregate surface exposed to fire or to the heated products of combustion, esp. of all the plates or sheets that are exposed to water on their opposite surfaces; -- called also fire surface.

Heat"ing*ly, adv. In a heating manner; so as to make or become hot or heated.

Heat"less, a. Destitute of heat; cold. Beau. & Fl.

Heave (hv), v. t. [imp. Heaved (hvd), or Hove (hv); p. p. Heaved, Hove, formerly Hoven (h"v'n); p. pr. & vb. n. Heaving.] [OE. heven, hebben, AS. hebban; akin to OS. hebbian, D. heffen, OHG. heffan, hevan, G. heben, Icel. hefja, Sw. h‰fva, Dan. hÊve, Goth. hafjan, L. capere to take, seize; cf. Gr. kw`ph handle. Cf. Accept, Behoof, Capacious, Forceps, Haft, Receipt.] 1. To cause to move upward or onward by a lifting effort; to lift; to raise; to hoist; -- often with up; as, the wave heaved the boat on land.

One heaved ahigh, to be hurled down below.

Shak.

Heave, as now used, implies that the thing raised is heavy or hard to move; but formerly it was used in a less restricted sense.

Here a little child I stand, Heaving up my either hand.

Herrick.

2. To throw; to cast; -- obsolete, provincial, or colloquial, except in certain nautical phrases; as, to heave the lead; to heave the log.

3. To force from, or into, any position; to cause to move; also, to throw off; -- mostly used in certain nautical phrases; as, to heave the ship ahead.

4. To raise or force from the breast; to utter with effort; as, to heave a sigh.

The wretched animal heaved forth such groans.

Shak.

5. To cause to swell or rise, as the breast or bosom.

The glittering, finny swarms That heave our friths, and crowd upon our shores.

Thomson.

To heave a cable short (Naut.), to haul in cable till the ship is almost perpendicularly above the anchor. -- To heave a ship ahead (Naut.), to warp her ahead when not under sail, as by means of cables. -- To heave a ship down (Naut.), to throw or lay her down on one side; to careen her. -- To heave a ship to (Naut.), to bring the ship's head to the wind, and stop her motion. - - To heave about (Naut.), to put about suddenly. -- To heave in (Naut.), to shorten (cable). -- To heave in stays (Naut.), to put a vessel on the other tack. -- To heave out a sail (Naut.), to unfurl it. -- To heave taut (Naut.), to turn a capstan, etc., till the rope becomes strained. See Taut, and Tight. -- To heave the lead (Naut.), to take soundings with lead and line. -- To heave the log. (Naut.) See Log. -- To heave up anchor (Naut.), to raise it from the bottom of the sea or elsewhere.

<! p. 680 !>

Heave (hv), v. i. 1. To be thrown up or raised; to rise upward, as a tower or mound.

And the huge columns heave into the sky.

Pope.

Where heaves the turf in many a moldering heap.

Gray.

The heaving sods of Bunker Hill.

E. Everett.

2. To rise and fall with alternate motions, as the lungs in heavy breathing, as waves in a heavy sea, as ships on the billows, as the earth when broken up by frost, etc.; to swell; to dilate; to expand; to distend; hence, to labor; to struggle.

Frequent for breath his panting bosom heaves.

Prior.

The heaving plain of ocean.

Byron.

3. To make an effort to raise, throw, or move anything; to strain to do something difficult.

The Church of England had struggled and heaved at a reformation ever since Wyclif's days.

Atterbury.

4. To make an effort to vomit; to retch; to vomit.

To heave at. (a) To make an effort at. (b) To attack, to oppose. [Obs.] Fuller. -- To heave in sight (as a ship at sea), to come in sight; to appear. -- To heave up, to vomit. [Low]

Heave, n. 1. An effort to raise something, as a weight, or one's self, or to move something heavy.

After many strains and heaves He got up to his saddle eaves.

Hudibras.

2. An upward motion; a rising; a swell or distention, as of the breast in difficult breathing, of the waves, of the earth in an earthquake, and the like.

There's matter in these sighs, these profound heaves, You must translate.

Shak.

None could guess whether the next heave of the earthquake would settle . . . or swallow them.

Dryden.

3. (Geol.) A horizontal dislocation in a metallic lode, taking place at an intersection with another lode.

Heav"en (hv"'n), n. [OE. heven, hefen, heofen, AS. heofon; akin to OS. hevan, LG. heben, heven, Icel. hifinn; of uncertain origin, cf. D. hemel, G. himmel, Icel. himmin, Goth. himins; perh. akin to, or influenced by, the root of E. heave, or from a root signifying to cover, cf. Goth. gahamn to put on, clothe one's self, G. hemd shirt, and perh. E. chemise.] 1. The expanse of space surrounding the earth; esp., that which seems to be over the earth like a great arch or dome; the firmament; the sky; the place where the sun, moon, and stars appear; -- often used in the plural in this sense.

I never saw the heavens so dim by day.

Shak.

When my eyes shall be turned to behold for the last time the sun in heaven.

D. Webster.

2. The dwelling place of the Deity; the abode of bliss; the place or state of the blessed after death.

Unto the God of love, high heaven's King.

Spenser.

It is a knell That summons thee to heaven or to hell.

Shak.

New thoughts of God, new hopes of Heaven.

Keble.

In this general sense heaven and its corresponding words in other languages have as various definite interpretations as there are phases of religious belief.

3. The sovereign of heaven; God; also, the assembly of the blessed, collectively; -- used variously in this sense, as in No. 2.

Her prayers, whom Heaven delights to hear.

Shak.

The will And high permission of all-ruling Heaven.

Milton.

4. Any place of supreme happiness or great comfort; perfect felicity; bliss; a sublime or exalted condition; as, a heaven of delight. "A heaven of beauty." Shak. "The brightest heaven of invention." Shak.

O bed! bed! delicious bed! That heaven upon earth to the weary head!

Hood.

Heaven is very often used, esp. with participles, in forming compound words, most of which need no special explanation; as, heaven-appeasing, heaven-aspiring, heaven- begot, heaven-born, heaven-bred, heaven- conducted, heaven-descended, heaven-directed, heaven-exalted, heaven-given, heaven-guided, heaven-inflicted, heaven-inspired, heaven- instructed, heaven-kissing, heaven-loved, heaven-moving, heaven-protected, heaven-taught, heaven-warring, and the like.

Heav"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heavened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Heavening.] To place in happiness or bliss, as if in heaven; to beatify. [R.]

We are happy as the bird whose nest Is heavened in the hush of purple hills.

G. Massey.

Heav"en*ize (hv"'n*z), v. t. To render like heaven or fit for heaven. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Heav"en*li*ness (?), n. [From Heavenly.] The state or quality of being heavenly. Sir J. Davies.

Heav"en*ly, a. [AS. heofonic.] 1. Pertaining to, resembling, or inhabiting heaven; celestial; not earthly; as, heavenly regions; heavenly music.

As is the heavenly, such are they also that are heavenly.

1 Cor. xv. 48.

2. Appropriate to heaven in character or happiness; perfect; pure; supremely blessed; as, a heavenly race; the heavenly, throng.

The love of heaven makes one heavenly.

Sir P. Sidney.

Heav"en*ly, adv. 1. In a manner resembling that of heaven. "She was heavenly true." Shak.

2. By the influence or agency of heaven.

Out heavenly guided soul shall climb.

Milton.

Heav"en*ly-mind`ed (?), a. Having the thoughts and affections placed on, or suitable for, heaven and heavenly objects; devout; godly; pious. Milner. -- Heav"en*ly-mind`ed*ness, n.

Heav"en*ward (?), a & adv. Toward heaven.

Heave" of`fer*ing (?). (Jewish Antiq.) An offering or oblation heaved up or elevated before the altar, as the shoulder of the peace offering. See Wave offering. Ex. xxix. 27.

Heav"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, heaves or lifts; a laborer employed on docks in handling freight; as, a coal heaver.

2. (Naut.) A bar used as a lever. Totten.

Heaves (?), n. A disease of horses, characterized by difficult breathing, with heaving of the flank, wheezing, flatulency, and a peculiar cough; broken wind.

Heav"i*ly (?), adv. [From 2d Heavy.] 1. In a heavy manner; with great weight; as, to bear heavily on a thing; to be heavily loaded.

Heavily interested in those schemes of emigration.

The Century.

2. As if burdened with a great weight; slowly and laboriously; with difficulty; hence, in a slow, difficult, or suffering manner; sorrowfully.

And took off their chariot wheels, that they drave them heavily.

Ex. xiv. 25.

Why looks your grace so heavily to- day?

Shak.

heavily-traveled, heavily traveled adj. subject to much traffic or travel; as, the region's most heavily traveled highways. Syn. -- heavily traveled. [WordNet 1.5]

Heav"i*ness, n. The state or quality of being heavy in its various senses; weight; sadness; sluggishness; oppression; thickness.

Heav"ing (?), n. A lifting or rising; a swell; a panting or deep sighing. Addison. Shak.

Heav"i*some (?), a. Heavy; dull. [Prov.]

Heav"y (?), a. Having the heaves.

Heav"y (?), a. [Compar. Heavier (?); superl. Heaviest.] [OE. hevi, AS. hefig, fr. hebban to lift, heave; akin to OHG. hebig, hevig, Icel. hˆfigr, hˆfugr. See Heave.] 1. Heaved or lifted with labor; not light; weighty; ponderous; as, a heavy stone; hence, sometimes, large in extent, quantity, or effects; as, a heavy fall of rain or snow; a heavy failure; heavy business transactions, etc.; often implying strength; as, a heavy barrier; also, difficult to move; as, a heavy draught.

2. Not easy to bear; burdensome; oppressive; hard to endure or accomplish; hence, grievous, afflictive; as, heavy yokes, expenses, undertakings, trials, news, etc.

The hand of the Lord was heavy upon them of Ashdod.

1 Sam. v. 6.

The king himself hath a heavy reckoning to make.

Shak.

Sent hither to impart the heavy news.

Wordsworth.

Trust him not in matter of heavy consequence.

Shak.

3. Laden with that which is weighty; encumbered; burdened; bowed down, either with an actual burden, or with care, grief, pain, disappointment.

The heavy [sorrowing] nobles all in council were.

Chapman.

A light wife doth make a heavy husband.

Shak.

4. Slow; sluggish; inactive; or lifeless, dull, inanimate, stupid; as, a heavy gait, looks, manners, style, and the like; a heavy writer or book.

Whilst the heavy plowman snores.

Shak.

Of a heavy, dull, degenerate mind.

Dryden.

Neither [is] his ear heavy, that it can not hear.

Is. lix. 1.

5. Strong; violent; forcible; as, a heavy sea, storm, cannonade, and the like.

6. Loud; deep; -- said of sound; as, heavy thunder.

But, hark! that heavy sound breaks in once more.

Byron.

7. Dark with clouds, or ready to rain; gloomy; -- said of the sky.

8. Impeding motion; cloggy; clayey; -- said of earth; as, a heavy road, soil, and the like.

9. Not raised or made light; as, heavy bread.

10. Not agreeable to, or suitable for, the stomach; not easily digested; -- said of food.

11. Having much body or strength; -- said of wines, or other liquors.

12. With child; pregnant. [R.]

Heavy artillery. (Mil.) (a) Guns of great weight or large caliber, esp. siege, garrison, and seacoast guns. (b) Troops which serve heavy guns. -- Heavy cavalry. See under Cavalry. -- Heavy fire (Mil.), a continuous or destructive cannonading, or discharge of small arms. -- Heavy metal (Mil.), large guns carrying balls of a large size; also, large balls for such guns. -- Heavy metals. (Chem.) See under Metal. -- Heavy weight, in wrestling, boxing, etc., a term applied to the heaviest of the classes into which contestants are divided. Cf. Feather weight (c), under Feather.

Heavy is used in composition to form many words which need no special explanation; as, heavy-built, heavy-browed, heavy-gaited, etc.

Heav"y, adv. Heavily; -- sometimes used in composition; as, heavy-laden.

Heav"y, v. t. To make heavy. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Heav"y-armed` (?), a. (Mil.) Wearing heavy or complete armor; carrying heavy arms.

Heav"y-had"ed (?), a. Clumsy; awkward.

Heav"y-head"ed (?), a. Dull; stupid. "Gross heavy-headed fellows." Beau. & Fl.

Heav"y spar` (?). (Min.) Native barium sulphate or barite, -- so called because of its high specific gravity as compared with other non-metallic minerals.

Heb"do*mad (?), n. [L. hebdomas, -adis, Gr. "ebdoma`s the number seven days, fr. &?; seventh, &?; seven. See Seven.] A week; a period of seven days. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

{ Heb*dom"a*dal (?), Heb*dom"a*da*ry (?), } a. [L. hebdomadalis, LL. hebdomadarius: cf. F. hebdomadaire.] Consisting of seven days, or occurring at intervals of seven days; weekly.

Heb*dom"a*dal*ly (?), adv. In periods of seven days; weekly. Lowell.

Heb*dom"a*da*ry (?), n. [LL. hebdomadarius: cf. F. hebdomadier.] (R. C. Ch.) A member of a chapter or convent, whose week it is to officiate in the choir, and perform other services, which, on extraordinary occasions, are performed by the superiors.

Heb`do*mat"ic*al (?), a. [L. hebdomaticus, Gr. &?;.] Weekly; hebdomadal. [Obs.]

He"be (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. "h`bh youth, "H`bh Hebe.]

1. (Class. Myth.) The goddess of youth, daughter of Jupiter and Juno. She was believed to have the power of restoring youth and beauty to those who had lost them.

2. (Zoˆl.) An African ape; the hamadryas.

Heb"en (?), n. Ebony. [Obs.] Spenser.

Heb"e*non (?), n. See Henbane. [Obs.] Shak.

Heb"e*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hebetated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hebetating.] [L. hebetatus, p. p. of hebetare to dull. See Hebete.] To render obtuse; to dull; to blunt; to stupefy; as, to hebetate the intellectual faculties. Southey

Heb"e*tate (?), a. 1. Obtuse; dull.

2. (Bot.) Having a dull or blunt and soft point. Gray.

Heb`e*ta"tion (?), n. [L. hebetatio: cf. F. hÈbÈtation.] 1. The act of making blunt, dull, or stupid.

2. The state of being blunted or dulled.

He*bete" (?), a. [L. hebes, hebetis, dull, stupid, fr. hebere to be dull.] Dull; stupid. [Obs.]

Heb"e*tude (?), n. [L. hebetudo.] Dullness; stupidity. Harvey.

He"bra"ic (?), a. [L. Hebraicus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. hebraÔque. See Hebrew.] Of or pertaining to the Hebrews, or to the language of the Hebrews.

He*bra"ic*al*ly (?), adv. After the manner of the Hebrews or of the Hebrew language.

He"bra*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. hÈbraÔsme.]

1. A Hebrew idiom or custom; a peculiar expression or manner of speaking in the Hebrew language. Addison.

2. The type of character of the Hebrews.

The governing idea of Hebraism is strictness of conscience.

M. Arnold.

He"bra*ist, n. [Cf. F. hÈbraÔste.] One versed in the Hebrew language and learning.

He`bra*is"tic (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, the Hebrew language or idiom.

He`bra*is"tic*al*ly (?), adv. In a Hebraistic sense or form.

Which is Hebraistically used in the New Testament.

Kitto.

He"bra*ize (?), v. t. [Gr. &?; to speak Hebrew: cf. F. hÈbraÔser.] To convert into the Hebrew idiom; to make Hebrew or Hebraistic. J. R. Smith.

He"bra*ize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hebraized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hebraizing.] To speak Hebrew, or to conform to the Hebrew idiom, or to Hebrew customs.

He"brew (?), n. [F. HÈbreu, L. Hebraeus, Gr. &?;, fr. Heb. 'ibhr.] 1. An appellative of Abraham or of one of his descendants, esp. in the line of Jacob; an Israelite; a Jew.

There came one that had escaped and told Abram the Hebrew.

Gen. xiv. 13.

2. The language of the Hebrews; -- one of the Semitic family of languages.

He"brew, a. Of or pertaining to the Hebrews; as, the Hebrew language or rites.

He"brew*ess, n. An Israelitish woman.

He*bri"cian (?), n. A Hebraist. [R.]

{ He*brid"e*an (?), He*brid"i*an (?), } a. Of or pertaining to the islands called Hebrides, west of Scotland. -- n. A native or inhabitant of the Hebrides.

Hec"a*tomb (?), n. [L. hecatombe, Gr. &?;; &?; hundred + &?; ox: cf. F. hÈcatombe.] (Antiq.) A sacrifice of a hundred oxen or cattle at the same time; hence, the sacrifice or slaughter of any large number of victims.

Slaughtered hecatombs around them bleed.

Addison.

More than a human hecatomb.

Byron.

Hec`a*tom"pe*don (?), n. [Gr. &?; hundred feet long, &?; &?; the Parthenon; &?; hundred + &?; foot.] (Arch.) A name given to the old Parthenon at Athens, because measuring 100 Greek feet, probably in the width across the stylobate.

Hec"de*cane (?), n. [Gr. &?; six + &?; ten.] (Chem.) A white, semisolid, spermaceti-like hydrocarbon, C16H34, of the paraffin series, found dissolved as an important ingredient of kerosene, and so called because each molecule has sixteen atoms of carbon; -- called also hexadecane.

Heck (?), n. [See Hatch a half door.] [Written also hack.] 1. The bolt or latch of a door. [Prov. Eng.]

2. A rack for cattle to feed at. [Prov. Eng.]

3. A door, especially one partly of latticework; -- called also heck door. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

4. A latticework contrivance for catching fish.

5. (Weaving) An apparatus for separating the threads of warps into sets, as they are wound upon the reel from the bobbins, in a warping machine.

6. A bend or winding of a stream. [Prov. Eng.]

Half heck, the lower half of a door. -- Heck board, the loose board at the bottom or back of a cart. -- Heck box or frame, that which carries the heck in warping.

Heck"i*mal (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The European blue titmouse (Parus cúruleus). [Written also heckimel, hackeymal, hackmall, hagmall, and hickmall.]

Hec"kle (?), n. & v. t. Same as Hackle.

Hec"tare` (?), n. [F., fr. Gr. &?; hundred + F. are an are.] A measure of area, or superficies, containing a hundred ares, or 10,000 square meters, and equivalent to 2.471 acres.

Hec"tic (?), a. [F. hectique, Gr. &?; habitual, consumptive, fr. &?; habit, a habit of body or mind, fr. &?; to have; akin to Skr. sah to overpower, endure; cf. AS. sige, sigor, victory, G. sieg, Goth. sigis. Cf. Scheme.] 1. Habitual; constitutional; pertaining especially to slow waste of animal tissue, as in consumption; as, a hectic type in disease; a hectic flush.

2. In a hectic condition; having hectic fever; consumptive; as, a hectic patient.

Hectic fever (Med.), a fever of irritation and debility, occurring usually at a advanced stage of exhausting disease, as a in pulmonary consumption.

Hec"tic, n. 1. (Med.) Hectic fever.

2. A hectic flush.

It is no living hue, but a strange hectic.

Byron.

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Hec`to*cot"y*lized (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Changed into a hectocotylus; having a hectocotylis.

||Hec`to*cot"y*lus (?), n.; pl. Hectocotyli (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a ||hundred + &?; a hollow vessel.] (Zoˆl.) One of the arms of the male ||of most kinds of cephalopods, which is specially modified in various ||ways to effect the fertilization of the eggs. In a special sense, the ||greatly modified arm of Argonauta and allied genera, which, after ||receiving the spermatophores, becomes detached from the male, and ||attaches itself to the female for reproductive purposes.

Hec"to*gram (?), n. [F. hectogramme, fr. Gr. &?; hundred + F. gramme a gram.] A measure of weight, containing a hundred grams, or about 3.527 ounces avoirdupois.

Hec"to*gramme (?), n. [F.] The same as Hectogram.

Hec"to*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?; hundred + -graph.] A contrivance for multiple copying, by means of a surface of gelatin softened with glycerin. [Written also hectograph.]

{ Hec"to*li`ter, Hec"to*li`tre } (?), n. [F. hectolitre, fr. Gr. &?; hundred + F. litre a liter.] A measure of liquids, containing a hundred liters; equal to a tenth of a cubic meter, nearly 26Ω gallons of wine measure, or 22.0097 imperial gallons. As a dry measure, it contains ten decaliters, or about 2 Winchester bushels.

{ Hec"to*me`ter, Hec"to*me`tre } (?), n. [F. &?; hectomËtre, fr. Gr. &?; hundred + F. mËtre a meter.] A measure of length, equal to a hundred meters. It is equivalent to 328.09 feet.

Hec"tor (?), n. [From the Trojan warrior Hector, the son of Priam.] A bully; a blustering, turbulent, insolent, fellow; one who vexes or provokes.

Hec"tor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hectored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hectoring.] To treat with insolence; to threaten; to bully; hence, to torment by words; to tease; to taunt; to worry or irritate by bullying. Dryden.

Hec"tor, v. i. To play the bully; to bluster; to be turbulent or insolent. Swift.

Hec"to*rism (?), n. The disposition or the practice of a hector; a bullying. [R.]

Hec"tor*ly, a. Resembling a hector; blustering; insolent; taunting. "Hectorly, ruffianlike swaggering or huffing." Barrow.

Hec"to*stere (?), n. [F. hectostËre; Gr. &?; hundred + F. stËre.] A measure of solidity, containing one hundred cubic meters, and equivalent to 3531.66 English or 3531.05 United States cubic feet.

Hed"dle (?), n.; pl. Heddles (#). [Cf. Heald.] (Weaving) One of the sets of parallel doubled threads which, with mounting, compose the harness employed to guide the warp threads to the lathe or batten in a loom.

Hed"dle, v. t. To draw (the warp thread) through the heddle-eyes, in weaving.

Hed"dle-eye` (?), n. (Weaving) The eye or loop formed in each heddle to receive a warp thread.

Hed"dling (?), vb. n. The act of drawing the warp threads through the heddle-eyes of a weaver's harness; the harness itself. Knight.

Hed`er*a"ceous (?), a. [L. hederaceus, fr. hedera ivy.] Of, pertaining to, or resembling, ivy.

Hed"er*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to ivy.

He*der"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, the ivy (Hedera); as, hederic acid, an acid of the acetylene series.

Hed`er*if"er*ous (?), a. [L. hedera ivy + -ferous.] Producing ivy; ivy- bearing.

Hed"er*ose` (?), a. [L. hederosus, fr. hedera ivy.] Pertaining to, or of, ivy; full of ivy.

Hedge (?), n. [OE. hegge, AS. hecg; akin to haga an inclosure, E. haw, AS. hege hedge, E. haybote, D. hegge, OHG. hegga, G. hecke. &radic;12. See Haw a hedge.] A thicket of bushes, usually thorn bushes; especially, such a thicket planted as a fence between any two portions of land; and also any sort of shrubbery, as evergreens, planted in a line or as a fence; particularly, such a thicket planted round a field to fence it, or in rows to separate the parts of a garden.

The roughest berry on the rudest hedge.

Shak.

Through the verdant maze Of sweetbrier hedges I pursue my walk.

Thomson.

Hedge, when used adjectively or in composition, often means rustic, outlandish, illiterate, poor, or mean; as, hedge priest; hedgeborn, etc.

Hedge bells, Hedge bindweed (Bot.), a climbing plant related to the morning-glory (Convolvulus sepium). -- Hedge bill, a long-handled billhook. -- Hedge garlic (Bot.), a plant of the genus Alliaria. See Garlic mustard, under Garlic. -- Hedge hyssop (Bot.), a bitter herb of the genus Gratiola, the leaves of which are emetic and purgative. - - Hedge marriage, a secret or clandestine marriage, especially one performed by a hedge priest. [Eng.] -- Hedge mustard (Bot.), a plant of the genus Sisymbrium, belonging to the Mustard family. -- Hedge nettle (Bot.), an herb, or under shrub, of the genus Stachys, belonging to the Mint family. It has a nettlelike appearance, though quite harmless. -- Hedge note. (a) The note of a hedge bird. (b) Low, contemptible writing. [Obs.] Dryden. -- Hedge priest, a poor, illiterate priest. Shak. -- Hedge school, an open-air school in the shelter of a hedge, in Ireland; a school for rustics. -- Hedge sparrow (Zoˆl.), a European warbler (Accentor modularis) which frequents hedges. Its color is reddish brown, and ash; the wing coverts are tipped with white. Called also chanter, hedge warbler, dunnock, and doney. -- Hedge writer, an insignificant writer, or a writer of low, scurrilous stuff. [Obs.] Swift. -- To breast up a hedge. See under Breast. -- To hang in the hedge, to be at a standstill. "While the business of money hangs in the hedge." Pepys.

Hedge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hedged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hedging.] 1. To inclose or separate with a hedge; to fence with a thickly set line or thicket of shrubs or small trees; as, to hedge a field or garden.

2. To obstruct, as a road, with a barrier; to hinder from progress or success; -- sometimes with up and out.

I will hedge up thy way with thorns.

Hos. ii. 6.

Lollius Urbius . . . drew another wall . . . to hedge out incursions from the north.

Milton.

3. To surround for defense; to guard; to protect; to hem (in). "England, hedged in with the main." Shak.

4. To surround so as to prevent escape.

That is a law to hedge in the cuckoo.

Locke.

To hedge a bet, to bet upon both sides; that is, after having bet on one side, to bet also on the other, thus guarding against loss.

Hedge, v. i. 1. To shelter one's self from danger, risk, duty, responsibility, etc., as if by hiding in or behind a hedge; to skulk; to slink; to shirk obligations.

I myself sometimes, leaving the fear of God on the left hand and hiding mine honor in my necessity, am fain to shuffle, to hedge and to lurch.

Shak.

2. (Betting) To reduce the risk of a wager by making a bet against the side or chance one has bet on.

3. To use reservations and qualifications in one's speech so as to avoid committing one's self to anything definite.

The Heroic Stanzas read much more like an elaborate attempt to hedge between the parties than . . . to gain favor from the Roundheads.

Saintsbury.

Hedge"born` (?), a. Born under a hedge; of low birth. Shak.

Hedge"bote` (?), n. (Eng. Law) Same as Haybote.

Hedge"hog` (?), n. 1. (Zoˆl.) A small European insectivore (Erinaceus EuropÊus), and other allied species of Asia and Africa, having the hair on the upper part of its body mixed with prickles or spines. It is able to roll itself into a ball so as to present the spines outwardly in every direction. It is nocturnal in its habits, feeding chiefly upon insects.

2. (Zoˆl.) The Canadian porcupine.[U.S]

3. (Bot.) A species of Medicago (M. intertexta), the pods of which are armed with short spines; -- popularly so called. Loudon.

4. A form of dredging machine. Knight.

Hedgehog caterpillar (Zoˆl.), the hairy larvÊ of several species of bombycid moths, as of the Isabella moth. It curls up like a hedgehog when disturbed. See Woolly bear, and Isabella moth. -- Hedgehog fish (Zoˆl.), any spinose plectognath fish, esp. of the genus Diodon; the porcupine fish. -- Hedgehog grass (Bot.), a grass with spiny involucres, growing on sandy shores; burgrass (Cenchrus tribuloides). -- Hedgehog rat (Zoˆl.), one of several West Indian rodents, allied to the porcupines, but with ratlike tails, and few quills, or only stiff bristles. The hedgehog rats belong to Capromys, Plagiodon, and allied genera. -- Hedgehog shell (Zoˆl.), any spinose, marine, univalve shell of the genus Murex. -- Hedgehog thistle (Bot.), a plant of the Cactus family, globular in form, and covered with spines (Echinocactus). -- Sea hedgehog. See Diodon.

Hedge"less, a. Having no hedge.

Hedge"pig` (?), n. A young hedgehog. Shak.

Hedg"er (?), n. One who makes or mends hedges; also, one who hedges, as, in betting.

Hedge"row` (?), n. A row of shrubs, or trees, planted for inclosure or separation of fields.

By hedgerow elms and hillocks green.

Milton.

Hedg"ing bill` (?). A hedge bill. See under Hedge.

He*don"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; pleasure, &?; sweet, pleasant.] 1. Pertaining to pleasure.

2. Of or relating to Hedonism or the Hedonic sect.

Hedonic sect a sect that placed the highest good in the gratification of the senses, -- called also Cyrenaic sect, (which see), and School of Aristippus.

He*don"ics (?), n. (Philos.) That branch of moral philosophy which treats of the relation of duty to pleasure; the science of practical, positive enjoyment or pleasure. J. Grote.

Hed"on*ism (?), n. 1. The doctrine of the Hedonic sect.

2. The ethical theory which finds the explanation and authority of duty in its tendency to give pleasure.

Hed"on*ist (?), n. One who believes in hedonism.

Hed`o*nis"tic (?), a. Same as Hedonic, 2.

Heed (hd), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heeded; p. pr. & vb. n. Heeding.] [OE. heden, AS. hdan; akin to OS. hdian, D. hoeden, Fries. hoda, OHG. huoten, G. h¸ten, Dan. hytte. &radic;13. Cf. Hood.] To mind; to regard with care; to take notice of; to attend to; to observe.

With pleasure Argus the musician heeds.

Dryden.

Syn. -- To notice; regard; mind. See Attend, v. t.

Heed, v. i. To mind; to consider.

Heed, n. 1. Attention; notice; observation; regard; -- often with give or take.

With wanton heed and giddy cunning.

Milton.

Amasa took no heed to the sword that was in Joab's hand.

2 Sam. xx. 10.

Birds give more heed and mark words more than beasts.

Bacon.

2. Careful consideration; obedient regard.

Therefore we ought to give the more earnest heed to the things which we have heard.

Heb. ii. 1.

3. A look or expression of heading. [R.]

He did it with a serious mind; a heed Was in his countenance.

Shak.

Heed"ful (?), a. Full of heed; regarding with care; cautious; circumspect; attentive; vigilant. Shak.

-- Heed"ful*ly, adv. -- Heed"ful*ness, n.

Heed"less, a. Without heed or care; inattentive; careless; thoughtless; unobservant.

O, negligent and heedless discipline!

Shak.

The heedless lover does not know Whose eyes they are that wound him so.

Waller.

-- Heed"less*ly, adv. -- Heed"less*ness, n.

Heed"y (?), a. Heedful. [Obs.] "Heedy shepherds." Spenser. -- Heed"i*ly (#), adv. [Obs.] -- Heed"i*ness, n. [Obs.] Spenser.

Heel (hl), v. i. [OE. helden to lean, incline, AS. heldan, hyldan; akin to Icel. halla, Dan. helde, Sw. h‰lla to tilt, pour, and perh. to E. hill.] (Naut.) To lean or tip to one side, as a ship; as, the ship heels aport; the boat heeled over when the squall struck it.

Heeling error (Naut.), a deviation of the compass caused by the heeling of an iron vessel to one side or the other.

Heel, n. [OE. hele, heele, AS. hla, perh. for hhila, fr. AS. hh heel (cf. Hough); but cf. D. hiel, OFries. heila, hla, Icel. hÊll, Dan. hÊl, Sw. h‰l, and L. calx. &radic;12. Cf. Inculcate.] 1. The hinder part of the foot; sometimes, the whole foot; -- in man or quadrupeds.

He [the stag] calls to mind his strength and then his speed, His winged heels and then his armed head.

Denham.

2. The hinder part of any covering for the foot, as of a shoe, sock, etc.; specif., a solid part projecting downward from the hinder part of the sole of a boot or shoe.

3. The latter or remaining part of anything; the closing or concluding part. "The heel of a hunt." A. Trollope. "The heel of the white loaf." Sir W. Scott.

4. Anything regarded as like a human heel in shape; a protuberance; a knob.

5. The part of a thing corresponding in position to the human heel; the lower part, or part on which a thing rests; especially: (a) (Naut.) The after end of a ship's keel. (b) (Naut.) The lower end of a mast, a boom, the bowsprit, the sternpost, etc. (c) (Mil.) In a small arm, the corner of the but which is upwards in the firing position. (d) (Mil.) The uppermost part of the blade of a sword, next to the hilt. (e) The part of any tool next the tang or handle; as, the heel of a scythe.

6. (Man.) Management by the heel, especially the spurred heel; as, the horse understands the heel well.

7. (Arch.) (a) The lower end of a timber in a frame, as a post or rafter. In the United States, specif., the obtuse angle of the lower end of a rafter set sloping. (b) A cyma reversa; -- so called by workmen. Gwilt.

Heel chain (Naut.), a chain passing from the bowsprit cap around the heel of the jib boom. -- Heel plate, the butt plate of a gun. -- Heel of a rafter. (Arch.) See Heel, n., 7. -- Heel ring, a ring for fastening a scythe blade to the snath. -- Neck and heels, the whole body. (Colloq.) -- To be at the heels of, to pursue closely; to follow hard; as, hungry want is at my heels. Otway. -- To be down at the heel, to be slovenly or in a poor plight. -- To be out at the heels, to have on stockings that are worn out; hence, to be shabby, or in a poor plight. Shak. -- To cool the heels. See under Cool. -- To go heels over head, to turn over so as to bring the heels uppermost; hence, to move in a inconsiderate, or rash, manner. -- To have the heels of, to outrun. -- To lay by the heels, to fetter; to shackle; to imprison. Shak. Addison. -- To show the heels, to flee; to run from. -- To take to the heels, to flee; to betake to flight. -- To throw up another's heels, to trip him. Bunyan. -- To tread upon one's heels, to follow closely. Shak.

Heel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heeled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Heeling.] 1. To perform by the use of the heels, as in dancing, running, and the like. [R.]

I cannot sing, Nor heel the high lavolt.

Shak.

2. To add a heel to; as, to heel a shoe.

3. To arm with a gaff, as a cock for fighting.

Heel"ball` (?), n. A composition of wax and lampblack, used by shoemakers for polishing, and by antiquaries in copying inscriptions.

Heel"er (?), n. 1. A cock that strikes well with his heels or spurs.

2. A dependent and subservient hanger-on of a political patron. [Political Cant, U. S.]

The army of hungry heelers who do their bidding.

The Century.

Heel"less, a. Without a heel.

Heel"piece` (?), n. 1. A piece of armor to protect the heels. Chesterfield.

2. A piece of leather fixed on the heel of a shoe.

3. The end. "The heelpiece of his book." Lloyd.

Heel"post` (?), n. 1. (Naut.) The post supporting the outer end of a propeller shaft.

2. (Carp.) The post to which a gate or door is hinged.

3. (Engineering) The quoin post of a lock gate.

Heel"spur` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A slender bony or cartilaginous process developed from the heel bone of bats. It helps to support the wing membranes. See Illust. of Cheiropter.

Heel"tap` (?), n. 1. One of the segments of leather in the heel of a shoe.

2. A small portion of liquor left in a glass after drinking. "Bumpers around and no heeltaps." Sheridan.

Heel"tap`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heeltapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Heeltapping.] To add a piece of leather to the heel of (a shoe, boot, etc.)

Heel"tool` (?), n. A tool used by turners in metal, having a bend forming a heel near the cutting end.

Heep (?), n. The hip of the dog- rose. [Obs.]

Heer (?), n.[Etymol. uncertain.] A yarn measure of six hundred yards or of a spindle. See Spindle.

Heer, n. [See Hair.] Hair. [Obs.] Chaucer.

<! p. 682 !>

Heft (?), n. Same as Haft, n. [Obs.] Waller.

Heft, n. [From Heave: cf. hefe weight. Cf. Haft.] 1. The act or effort of heaving&?; violent strain or exertion. [Obs.]

He craks his gorge, his sides, With violent hefts.

Shak.

2. Weight; ponderousness. [Colloq.]

A man of his age and heft.

T. Hughes.

3. The greater part or bulk of anything; as, the heft of the crop was spoiled. [Colloq. U. S.] J. Pickering.

Heft, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hefted (Heft, obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Hefting.] 1. To heave up; to raise aloft.

Inflamed with wrath, his raging blade he heft.

Spenser.

2. To prove or try the weight of by raising. [Colloq.]

Heft"y, a. Moderately heavy. [Colloq. U. S.]

He*ge"li*an (?; 106), a. Pertaining to Hegelianism. -- n. A follower of Hegel.

{ He*ge"li*an*ism (?), He"gel*ism (?), } n. The system of logic and philosophy set forth by Hegel, a German writer (1770-1831).

{ Heg`e*mon"ic (?), Heg`e*mon"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;. See Hegemony.] Leading; controlling; ruling; predominant. "Princelike and hegemonical." Fotherby.

He*gem`o*ny (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; guide, leader, fr. &?; to go before.] Leadership; preponderant influence or authority; -- usually applied to the relation of a government or state to its neighbors or confederates. Lieber.

Heg"ge (?), n. A hedge. [Obs.] Chaucer.

He*gi"ra (?; 277), n. [Written also hejira.] [Ar. hijrah flight.] The flight of Mohammed from Mecca, September 13, A. D. 622 (subsequently established as the first year of the Moslem era); hence, any flight or exodus regarded as like that of Mohammed.

The starting point of the Era was made to begin, not from the date of the flight, but from the first day of the Arabic year, which corresponds to July 16, A. D. 622.

Heif"er (?), n. [OE. hayfare, AS. he·hfore, he·fore; the second part of this word seems akin to AS. fearr bull, ox; akin to OHG. farro, G. farre, D. vaars, heifer, G. f‰rse, and perh. to Gr. &?;, &?;, calf, heifer.] (Zoˆl.) A young cow.

Heigh"-ho (h"-h), interj. An exclamation of surprise, joy, dejection, uneasiness, weariness, etc. Shak.

Height (ht), n. [Written also hight.] [OE. heighte, heght, heighthe, AS. he·hu, hhu fr. heah high; akin to D. hoogte, Sw. hˆjd, Dan. hˆide, Icel. hÊ, Goth. hauhi˛a. See High.] 1. The condition of being high; elevated position.

Behold the height of the stars, how high they are!

Job xxii. 12.

2. The distance to which anything rises above its foot, above that on which in stands, above the earth, or above the level of the sea; altitude; the measure upward from a surface, as the floor or the ground, of an animal, especially of a man; stature. Bacon.

[Goliath's] height was six cubits and a span.

1 Sam. xvii. 4.

3. Degree of latitude either north or south. [Obs.]

Guinea lieth to the north sea, in the same height as Peru to the south.

Abp. Abbot.

4. That which is elevated; an eminence; a hill or mountain; as, Alpine heights. Dryden.

5. Elevation in excellence of any kind, as in power, learning, arts; also, an advanced degree of social rank; preÎminence or distinction in society; prominence.

Measure your mind's height by the shade it casts.

R. Browning.

All would in his power hold, all make his subjects.

Chapman.

6. Progress toward eminence; grade; degree.

Social duties are carried to greater heights, and enforced with stronger motives by the principles of our religion.

Addison.

7. Utmost degree in extent; extreme limit of energy or condition; as, the height of a fever, of passion, of madness, of folly; the height of a tempest.

My grief was at the height before thou camest.

Shak.

On height, aloud. [Obs.]

[He] spake these same words, all on hight.

Chaucer.

Height"en (ht"'n), v. t. [Written also highten.] [imp. & p. p. Heightened (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Heightening.] 1. To make high; to raise higher; to elevate.

2. To carry forward; to advance; to increase; to augment; to aggravate; to intensify; to render more conspicuous; - - used of things, good or bad; as, to heighten beauty; to heighten a flavor or a tint. "To heighten our confusion." Addison.

An aspect of mystery which was easily heightened to the miraculous.

Hawthorne.

Height"en*er (?), n. [Written also hightener.] One who, or that which, heightens.

Hei"nous (h"ns), a. [OF. haÔnos hateful, F. haineux, fr. OF. haÔne hate, F. haine, fr. haÔr to hate; of German origin. See Hate.] Hateful; hatefully bad; flagrant; odious; atrocious; giving great offense; -- applied to deeds or to character.

It were most heinous and accursed sacrilege.

Hooker.

How heinous had the fact been, how deserving Contempt!

Milton.

Syn. -- Monstrous; flagrant; flagitious; atrocious.

-- Hei"nous*ly, adv. -- Hei"nous*ness, n.

Heir (?), n. [OE. heir, eir, hair, OF. heir, eir, F. hoir, L. heres; of uncertain origin. Cf. Hereditary, Heritage.] 1. One who inherits, or is entitled to succeed to the possession of, any property after the death of its owner; one on whom the law bestows the title or property of another at the death of the latter.

I am my father's heir and only son.

Shak.

2. One who receives any endowment from an ancestor or relation; as, the heir of one's reputation or virtues.

And I his heir in misery alone.

Pope.

Heir apparent. (Law.) See under Apparent. -- Heir at law, one who, after his ancector's death, has a right to inherit all his intestate estate. Wharton (Law Dict.). -- Heir presumptive, one who, if the ancestor should die immediately, would be his heir, but whose right to the inheritance may be defeated by the birth of a nearer relative, or by some other contingency.

Heir (?), v. t. To inherit; to succeed to. [R.]

One only daughter heired the royal state.

Dryden.

Heir"dom (?), n. The state of an heir; succession by inheritance. Burke.

Heir"ess, n. A female heir.

Heir"less a. Destitute of an heir. Shak.

Heir"loom` (?), n. [Heir + loom, in its earlier sense of implement, tool. See Loom the frame.] Any furniture, movable, or personal chattel, which by law or special custom descends to the heir along with the inheritance; any piece of personal property that has been in a family for several generations.

Woe to him whose daring hand profanes The honored heirlooms of his ancestors.

Moir.

Heir"ship (?), n. The state, character, or privileges of an heir; right of inheriting.

Heirship movables, certain kinds of movables which the heir is entitled to take, besides the heritable estate. [Scot.]

He*ji"ra (?), n. See Hegira.

Hek"tare`, Hek"to*gram, Hek"to*li`ter, &and; Hek"to*me`ter, n. Same as Hectare, Hectogram, Hectoliter, and Hectometer.

Hek"to*graph (?), n. See Hectograph.

||Hel*a*mys (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; fawn + &?; mouse.] (Zoˆl.) See ||Jumping hare, under Hare.

Hel"co*plas`ty (?), n. [Gr. &?; a wound + -plasty.] (Med.) The act or process of repairing lesions made by ulcers, especially by a plastic operation.

Held (?), imp. & p. p. of Hold.

Hele (?), n. [See Heal, n.] Health; welfare. [Obs.] "In joy and perfyt hele." Chaucer.

Hele, v. t. [AS. helan, akin to D. helen, OHG. helan, G. hehlen, L. celare. &radic;17. See Hell, and cf. Conceal.] To hide; to cover; to roof. [Obs.]

Hide and hele things.

Chaucer.

Hel"e*na (?), n. [L.: cf. Sp. helena.] See St. Elmo's fire, under Saint.

Hel"e*nin (?), n. (Chem.) A neutral organic substance found in the root of the elecampane (Inula helenium), and extracted as a white crystalline or oily material, with a slightly bitter taste.

He"li*ac (?), a. Heliacal.

He*li"a*cal (?), a. [Gr. &?; belonging to the sun, fr. &?; the sun: cf. F. hÈliaque.] (Astron.) Emerging from the light of the sun, or passing into it; rising or setting at the same, or nearly the same, time as the sun. Sir T. Browne.

The heliacal rising of a star is when, after being in conjunction with the sun, and invisible, it emerges from the light so as to be visible in the morning before sunrising. On the contrary, the heliacal setting of a star is when the sun approaches conjunction so near as to render the star invisible.

He*li"a*cal*ly, adv. In a heliacal manner. De Quincey.

He`li*an"thin (?), n. [Prob. fr. L. helianthes, or NL. helianthus, sunflower, in allusion to its color.] (Chem.) An artificial, orange dyestuff, analogous to tropaolin, and like it used as an indicator in alkalimetry; -- called also methyl orange.

He`li*an"thoid (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Helianthoidea.

||He`li*an"thoi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. helianthes sunflower + ||-oid.] (Zoˆl.) An order of Anthozoa; the Actinaria.

Hel"i*cal (?), a. [From Helix.] Of or pertaining to, or in the form of, a helix; spiral; as, a helical staircase; a helical spring. -- Hel"i*cal*ly, adv.

||Hel`i*chry"sum (&?;), n. [L., the marigold, fr. Gr. &?; a kind of ||plant.] (Bot.) A genus of composite plants, with shining, commonly ||white or yellow, or sometimes reddish, radiated involucres, which are ||often called "everlasting flowers."

He*lic"i*form (?), a. [Helix + -form.] Having the form of a helix; spiral.

Hel"i*cin (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside obtained as a white crystalline substance by partial oxidation of salicin, from a willow (Salix Helix of LinnÊus.)

Hel"i*cine (?), a. (Anat.) Curled; spiral; helicoid; -- applied esp. to certain arteries of the penis.

Hel"i*co*graph` (?), n. [Helix + -graph.] An instrument for drawing spiral lines on a plane.

Hel"i*coid (?), a. [Gr. &?;; "e`lix, -ikos, spiral + &?; shape: cf. F. hÈlicoÔde. See Helix.]

1. Spiral; curved, like the spire of a univalve shell.

2. (Zoˆl.) Shaped like a snail shell; pertaining to the HelicidÊ, or Snail family.

Helicoid parabola (Math.), the parabolic spiral.

Hel"i*coid, n. (Geom.) A warped surface which may be generated by a straight line moving in such a manner that every point of the line shall have a uniform motion in the direction of another fixed straight line, and at the same time a uniform angular motion about it.

Hel`i*coid"al (?), a. Same as Helicoid. -- Hel`i*coid"al*ly, adv.

Hel"i*con (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] A mountain in Búotia, in Greece, supposed by the Greeks to be the residence of Apollo and the Muses.

From Helicon's harmonious springs A thousand rills their mazy progress take.

Gray.

||Hel`i*co"ni*a (?), n. [NL. See Helicon.] (Zoˆl.) One of numerous ||species of Heliconius, a genus of tropical American butterflies. The ||wings are usually black, marked with green, crimson, and white.

Hel`i*co"ni*an (?), a. [L. Heliconius.] 1. Of or pertaining to Helicon. "Heliconian honey." Tennyson.

2. (Zoˆl.) Like or pertaining to the butterflies of the genus Heliconius.

||Hel`i*co"tre"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "e`lix, -ikos, a helix + &?; a ||hole.] (Anat.) The opening by which the two scalÊ communicate at the ||top of the cochlea of the ear.

He"li*o- (?). A combining form from Gr. "h`lios the sun.

{ He`li*o*cen"tric (?), He`li*o*cen"tric"al (?), } a. [Helio- + centric, centrical: cf. F. hÈliocentrique.] (Astron.) pertaining to the sun's center, or appearing to be seen from it; having, or relating to, the sun as a center; -- opposed to geocentrical.

Heliocentric parallax. See under Parallax. -- Heliocentric place, latitude, longitude, etc. (of a heavenly body), the direction, latitude, longitude, etc., of the body as viewed from the sun.

He"li*o*chrome (?), n. [Helio- + Gr. &?; color.] A photograph in colors. R. Hunt.

He`li*o*chro"mic (?), a. Pertaining to, or produced by, heliochromy.

He"li*o*chro`my (?), n. The art of producing photographs in color.

He"li*o*graph (?), n. [Helio- + -graph.]ets>

1. A picture taken by heliography; a photograph.

2. An instrument for taking photographs of the sun.

3. An apparatus for telegraphing by means of the sun's rays. See Heliotrope, 3.

He`li*o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to heliography or a heliograph; made by heliography.

Heliographic chart. See under Chart.

He`li*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Helio- + -graphy.] Photography. R. Hunt.

He`li*o*grav"ure (?), n. [F. hÈliogravure.] The process of photographic engraving.

He`li*ol"a*ter (?), n. [Helio- + Gr. &?; servant, worshiper.] A worshiper of the sun.

He`li*ol"a*try (?), n. [Helio- + Gr. &?; service, worship.] Sun worship. See Sabianism.

He"li*o*lite (?), n. [Helio- + -lite.] (Paleon.) A fossil coral of the genus Heliolites, having twelve-rayed cells. It is found in the Silurian rocks.

He`li*om"e*ter (?), n. [Helio- + -meter: cf. F. hÈliomËtre.] (Astron.) An instrument devised originally for measuring the diameter of the sun; now employed for delicate measurements of the distance and relative direction of two stars too far apart to be easily measured in the field of view of an ordinary telescope.

{ He`li*o*met"ric (?), He`li*o*met"ric*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to the heliometer, or to heliometry.

He`li*om"e*try (?), n. The apart or practice of measuring the diameters of heavenly bodies, their relative distances, etc. See Heliometer.

||He`li*op"o*ra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the sun + &?; a passage, ||pore.] (Zoˆl.) An East Indian stony coral now known to belong to the ||Alcyonaria; -- called also blue coral.

He"li*o*scope (?), n. [Helio- + -scope: cf. F. hÈlioscope.] (Astron.) A telescope or instrument for viewing the sun without injury to the eyes, as through colored glasses, or with mirrors which reflect but a small portion of light. -- He`li*o*scop`ic (#), a.

He"li*o*stat (?), n. [Helio- + Gr. &?; placed, standing, fr. &?; to place, stand: cf. F. hÈliostate.] An instrument consisting of a mirror moved by clockwork, by which a sunbeam is made apparently stationary, by being steadily directed to one spot during the whole of its diurnal period; also, a geodetic heliotrope.

He"li*o*trope (?), n. [F. hÈliotrope, L. heliotropium, Gr. &?;; &?; the sun + &?; to turn, &?; turn. See Heliacal, Trope.] 1. (Anc. Astron.) An instrument or machine for showing when the sun arrived at the tropics and equinoctial line.

2. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Heliotropium; -- called also turnsole and girasole. H. Peruvianum is the commonly cultivated species with fragrant flowers.

3. (Geodesy & Signal Service) An instrument for making signals to an observer at a distance, by means of the sun's rays thrown from a mirror.

4. (Min.) See Bloodstone (a).

Heliotrope purple, a grayish purple color.

He"li*o*tro`per (?), n. The person at a geodetic station who has charge of the heliotrope.

He`li*o*trop"ic (?), a. (Bot.) Manifesting heliotropism; turning toward the sun.

He`li*ot"ro*pism (?), n. [Helio- + Gr. &?; to turn.] (Bot.) The phenomenon of turning toward the light, seen in many leaves and flowers.

He"li*o*type (?), n. [Helio- + -type.] A picture obtained by the process of heliotypy.

He`li*o*typ"ic (?), a. Relating to, or obtained by, heliotypy.

He"li*o*ty`py (?), n. A method of transferring pictures from photographic negatives to hardened gelatin plates from which impressions are produced on paper as by lithography.

||He`li*o*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the sun + &?; an animal.] ||(Zoˆl.) An order of fresh-water rhizopods having a more or less ||globular form, with slender radiating pseudopodia; the sun ||animalcule.

Hel`i*spher"ic (?), Hel`i*spher"ic*al (&?;), a. [Helix + spheric, spherical.] Spiral.

Helispherical line (Math.). the rhomb line in navigation. [R.]

He"li*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the sun.] (Chem.) A gaseous element found in the atmospheres of the sun and earth and in some rare minerals.

<! p. 683 !>

He"lix (?), n.; pl. L. Helices (#), E. Helixes (#). [L. helix, Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. &?; to turn round; cf. L. volvere, and E. volute, voluble.] 1. (Geom.) A nonplane curve whose tangents are all equally inclined to a given plane. The common helix is the curve formed by the thread of the ordinary screw. It is distinguished from the spiral, all the convolutions of which are in the plane.

2. (Arch.) A caulicule or little volute under the abacus of the Corinthian capital.

3. (Anat.) The incurved margin or rim of the external ear. See Illust. of Ear.

4. (Zoˆl.) A genus of land snails, including a large number of species.

The genus originally included nearly all shells, but is now greatly restricted. See Snail, Pulmonifera.

Hell (?), n. [AS. hell; akin to D. hel, OHG. hella, G. hˆlle, Icel. hal, Sw. helfvete, Dan. helvede, Goth. halja, and to AS. helan to conceal. &?;&?;&?;. Cf. Hele, v. t., Conceal, Cell, Helmet, Hole, Occult.]

1. The place of the dead, or of souls after death; the grave; -- called in Hebrew sheol, and by the Greeks hades.

He descended into hell.

Book of Common Prayer.

Thou wilt not leave my soul in hell.

Ps. xvi. 10.

2. The place or state of punishment for the wicked after death; the abode of evil spirits. Hence, any mental torment; anguish. "Within him hell." Milton.

It is a knell That summons thee to heaven or to hell.

Shak.

3. A place where outcast persons or things are gathered; as: (a) A dungeon or prison; also, in certain running games, a place to which those who are caught are carried for detention. (b) A gambling house. "A convenient little gambling hell for those who had grown reckless." W. Black. (c) A place into which a tailor throws his shreds, or a printer his broken type. Hudibras.

Gates of hell. (Script.) See Gate, n., 4.

Hell, v. t. To overwhelm. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hel`la*nod"ic (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, a Greek + &?; right, judgment.] (Gr. Antiq.) A judge or umpire in games or combats.

Hell"bend`er (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A large North American aquatic salamander (Protonopsis horrida or Menopoma Alleghaniensis). It is very voracious and very tenacious of life. Also called alligator, and water dog.

Hell"born` (?), a. Born in or of hell. Shak.

Hell"bred` (?), a. Produced in hell. Spenser.

Hell"brewed` (?), a. Prepared in hell. Milton.

Hell"broth` (?), n. A composition for infernal purposes; a magical preparation. Shak.

Hell"-cat ` (?), n. A witch; a hag. Middleton.

Hell"-div`er (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The dabchick.

Hell"doomed` (?), a. Doomed to hell. Milton.

Hel"le*bore (?), n. [L. helleborus, elleborus, Gr. &?;, &?;; cf. F. hellÈbore, ellÈbore.]

1. (Bot.) A genus of perennial herbs (Helleborus) of the Crowfoot family, mostly having powerfully cathartic and even poisonous qualities. H. niger is the European black hellebore, or Christmas rose, blossoming in winter or earliest spring. H. officinalis was the officinal hellebore of the ancients.

2. (Bot.) Any plant of several species of the poisonous liliaceous genus Veratrum, especially V. album and V. viride, both called white hellebore.

Hel`le*bo"re*in (?), n. (Chem.) A poisonous glucoside accompanying helleborin in several species of hellebore, and extracted as a white crystalline substance with a bittersweet taste. It has a strong action on the heart, resembling digitalin.

Hel*leb"o*rin (? or ?), n. (Chem.) A poisonous glucoside found in several species of hellebore, and extracted as a white crystalline substance with a sharp tingling taste. It possesses the essential virtues of the plant; -- called also elleborin.

Hel"le*bo*rism (?), n. The practice or theory of using hellebore as a medicine.

Hel"lene (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] A native of either ancient or modern Greece; a Greek. Brewer.

Hel*le"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Hellenes, or Greeks.

Hel*len"ic (?; 277), a. [Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. &?; the Greeks.] Of or pertaining to the Hellenes, or inhabitants of Greece; Greek; Grecian. "The Hellenic forces." Jowett (Thucyd. ).

Hel*len"ic, n. The dialect, formed with slight variations from the Attic, which prevailed among Greek writers after the time of Alexander.

Hel"len*ism (?), n. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. HellÈnisme.] 1. A phrase or form of speech in accordance with genius and construction or idioms of the Greek language; a Grecism. Addison.

2. The type of character of the ancient Greeks, who aimed at culture, grace, and amenity, as the chief elements in human well-being and perfection.

Hel"len*ist (?), n. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. HellÈniste.] 1. One who affiliates with Greeks, or imitates Greek manners; esp., a person of Jewish extraction who used the Greek language as his mother tongue, as did the Jews of Asia Minor, Greece, Syria, and Egypt; distinguished from the Hebraists, or native Jews (Acts vi. 1).

2. One skilled in the Greek language and literature; as, the critical Hellenist.

{ Hel`le*nis"tic (?), Hel`le*nis"tic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. HellÈnistique.] Pertaining to the Hellenists.

Hellenistic language, dialect, or idiom, the Greek spoken or used by the Jews who lived in countries where the Greek language prevailed; the Jewish-Greek dialect or idiom of the Septuagint.

Hel`le*nis"tic*al*ly, adv. According to the Hellenistic manner or dialect. J. Gregory.

Hel"len*ize (?), v. i. [Gr. &?;.] To use the Greek language; to play the Greek; to Grecize.

Hel"len*ize (?), v. t. [Gr. &?;.] To give a Greek form or character to; to Grecize; as, to Hellenize a word.

Hel*len"o*type (?), n. See Ivorytype.

Hel"les*pont (?), n. [L. Hellespontus, Gr. &?;; &?; the mythological Helle, daughter of Athamas + &?; sea.] A narrow strait between Europe and Asia, now called the Daradanelles. It connects the ∆gean Sea and the sea of Marmora.

Hel`les*pon"tine (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Hellespont. Mitford.

{ Hell"ga*mite (?), Hell"gra*mite (?), } n. (Zoˆl.) The aquatic larva of a large American winged insect (Corydalus cornutus), much used a fish bait by anglers; the dobson. It belongs to the Neuroptera.

Hell"hag` (?), n. A hag of or fit for hell. Bp. Richardson.

Hell"-haunt`ed (&?;), a. Haunted by devils; hellish. Dryden.

Hell"hound` (?), n. [AS. hellehund.] A dog of hell; an agent of hell.

A hellhound, that doth hunt us all to death.

Shak.

Hel"li*er (?), n. [See Hele, v. t.] One who heles or covers; hence, a tiler, slater, or thatcher. [Obs.] [Written also heler.] Usher.

Hell"ish (?), a. Of or pertaining to hell; like hell; infernal; malignant; wicked; detestable; diabolical. "Hellish hate." Milton. -- Hell"ish*ly, adv. -- Hell"ish*ness, n.

Hell"kite` (?), n. A kite of infernal breed. Shak.

Hel*lo" (?), interj. & n. See Halloo.

Hell"ward (?), adv. Toward hell. Pope.

Hell"y, a. [AS. hellc.] Hellish. Anderson (1573).

Helm (?), n. See Haulm, straw.

Helm (?), n. [OE. helme, AS. helma rudder; akin to D. & G. helm, Icel. hjlm, and perh. to E. helve.]

1. (Naut.) The apparatus by which a ship is steered, comprising rudder, tiller, wheel, etc.; -- commonly used of the tiller or wheel alone.

2. The place or office of direction or administration. "The helm of the Commonwealth." Melmoth.

3. One at the place of direction or control; a steersman; hence, a guide; a director.

The helms o' the State, who care for you like fathers.

Shak.

4. [Cf. Helve.] A helve. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Helm amidships, when the tiller, rudder, and keel are in the same plane. -- Helm aport, when the tiller is borne over to the port side of the ship. -- Helm astarboard, when the tiller is borne to the starboard side. -- Helm alee, Helm aweather, when the tiller is borne over to the lee or to the weather side. -- Helm hard alee or hard aport, hard astarboard, etc., when the tiller is borne over to the extreme limit. -- Helm port, the round hole in a vessel's counter through which the rudderstock passes. -- Helm down, helm alee. -- Helm up, helm aweather. -- To ease the helm, to let the tiller come more amidships, so as to lessen the strain on the rudder. -- To feel the helm, to obey it. -- To right the helm, to put it amidships. -- To shift the helm, to bear the tiller over to the corresponding position on the opposite side of the vessel. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Helm, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Helmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Helming.] To steer; to guide; to direct. [R.]

The business he hath helmed.

Shak.

A wild wave . . . overbears the bark, And him that helms it.

Tennyson.

Helm, n. [AS. See Helmet.] 1. A helmet. [Poetic]

2. A heavy cloud lying on the brow of a mountain. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Helm, v. t. To cover or furnish with a helm or helmet. [Perh. used only as a past part. or part. adj.]

She that helmed was in starke stours.

Chaucer.

Helm"age (?), n. Guidance; direction. [R.]

Helm"ed (?), a. Covered with a helmet.

The helmed cherubim Are seen in glittering ranks.

Milton.

Hel"met (?), n. [OF. helmet, a dim of helme, F. heaume; of Teutonic origin; cf. G. helm, akin to AS. & OS. helm, D. helm, helmet, Icel. hjlmr, Sw. hjelm, Dan. hielm, Goth. hilms; and prob. from the root of AS. helan to hide, to hele; cf. also Lith. szalmas, Russ. shleme, Skr. Áarman protection. &radic;17. Cf. Hele, Hell, Helm a helmet.] 1. (Armor) A defensive covering for the head. See Casque, Headpiece, Morion, Sallet, and Illust. of Beaver.

2. (Her.) The representation of a helmet over shields or coats of arms, denoting gradations of rank by modifications of form.

3. A helmet-shaped hat, made of cork, felt, metal, or other suitable material, worn as part of the uniform of soldiers, firemen, etc., also worn in hot countries as a protection from the heat of the sun.

4. That which resembles a helmet in form, position, etc.; as: (a) (Chem.) The upper part of a retort. Boyle. (b) (Bot.) The hood-formed upper sepal or petal of some flowers, as of the monkshood or the snapdragon. (c) (Zoˆl.) A naked shield or protuberance on the top or fore part of the head of a bird.

Helmet beetle (Zoˆl.), a leaf- eating beetle of the family ChrysomelidÊ, having a short, broad, and flattened body. Many species are known. -- Helmet shell (Zoˆl.), one of many species of tropical marine univalve shells belonging to Cassis and allied genera. Many of them are large and handsome; several are used for cutting as cameos, and hence are called cameo shells. See King conch. -- Helmet shrike (Zoˆl.), an African wood shrike of the genus Prionodon, having a large crest.

Hel`met*ed (?), a. Wearing a helmet; furnished with or having a helmet or helmet-shaped part; galeate.

Hel"met-shaped` (&?;), a. Shaped like a helmet; galeate. See Illust. of Galeate.

Hel"minth (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a worm.] (Zoˆl.) An intestinal worm, or wormlike intestinal parasite; one of the Helminthes.

Hel*min"tha*gogue (?), n. [Gr. &?; a worm + &?; to drive.] (Med.) A vermifuge.

||Hel*min"thes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a worm.] (Zoˆl.) One ||of the grand divisions or branches of the animal kingdom. It is a ||large group including a vast number of species, most of which are ||parasitic. Called also Enthelminthes, Enthelmintha.

The following classes are included, with others of less importance: Cestoidea (tapeworms), Trematodea (flukes, etc.), Turbellaria (planarians), Acanthocephala (thornheads), Nematoidea (roundworms, trichina, gordius), Nemertina (nemerteans). See Plathelminthes, and Nemathelminthes.

||Hel`min*thi"a*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; to suffer from worms, fr. ||&?;, &?;, a worm.] (Med.) A disease in which worms are present in ||some part of the body.

Hel*min"thic (?), a. [Cf. F. helminthique.] Of or relating to worms, or Helminthes; expelling worms. -- n. A vermifuge; an anthelmintic.

Hel*min"thite (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a worm.] (Geol.) One of the sinuous tracks on the surfaces of many stones, and popularly considered as worm trails.

Hel*min"thoid (?), a. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a worm + -oid.] Wormlike; vermiform.

{ Hel*min`tho*log"ic (?), Hel*min`tho*log"ic*al, } a. [Cf. F. helminthologique.] Of or pertaining to helminthology.

Hel`min*thol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. helminthologiste.] One versed in helminthology.

Hel`min*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a worm + -logy: cf. F. helminthologie.] The natural history, or study, of worms, esp. parasitic worms.

Helm"less (?), a. 1. Destitute of a helmet.

2. Without a helm or rudder. Carlyle.

Helms"man (?), n.; pl. Helmsmen (&?;). The man at the helm; a steersman.

Helm"wind` (?), n. A wind attending or presaged by the cloud called helm. [Prov. Eng.]

He"lot (?; 277), n. [L. Helotes, Hilotae, pl., fr. Gr. E'e`lws and E'elw`ths a bondman or serf of the Spartans; so named from 'Elos, a town of Laconia, whose inhabitants were enslaved; or perh. akin to e`lei^n to take, conquer, used as 2d aor. of &?;.] A slave in ancient Sparta; a Spartan serf; hence, a slave or serf.

Those unfortunates, the Helots of mankind, more or less numerous in every community.

I. Taylor.

He"lot*ism (?), n. The condition of the Helots or slaves in Sparta; slavery.

He"lot*ry (?), n. The Helots, collectively; slaves; bondsmen. "The Helotry of Mammon." Macaulay.

Help (hlp), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Helped (hlpt) (Obs. imp. Holp (hlp), p. p. Holpen (hl"p'n)); p. pr. & vb. n. Helping.] [AS. helpan; akin to OS. helpan, D. helpen, G. helfen, OHG. helfan, Icel. hjlpa, Sw. hjelpa, Dan. hielpe, Goth. hilpan; cf. Lith. szelpti, and Skr. klp to be fitting.] 1. To furnish with strength or means for the successful performance of any action or the attainment of any object; to aid; to assist; as, to help a man in his work; to help one to remember; -- the following infinitive is commonly used without to; as, "Help me scale yon balcony." Longfellow.

2. To furnish with the means of deliverance from trouble; as, to help one in distress; to help one out of prison. "God help, poor souls, how idly do they talk!" Shak.

3. To furnish with relief, as in pain or disease; to be of avail against; -- sometimes with of before a word designating the pain or disease, and sometimes having such a word for the direct object. "To help him of his blindness." Shak.

The true calamus helps coughs.

Gerarde.

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4. To change for the better; to remedy.

Cease to lament for what thou canst not help.

Shak.

5. To prevent; to hinder; as, the evil approaches, and who can help it? Swift.

6. To forbear; to avoid.

I can not help remarking the resemblance betwixt him and our author.

Pope.

7. To wait upon, as the guests at table, by carving and passing food.

To help forward, to assist in advancing. -- To help off, to help to go or pass away, as time; to assist in removing. Locke. -- To help on, to forward; to promote by aid. -- To help out, to aid, as in delivering from a difficulty, or to aid in completing a design or task.

The god of learning and of light Would want a god himself to help him out.

Swift.

-- To help over, to enable to surmount; as, to help one over an obstacle. -- To help to, to supply with; to furnish with; as, to help one to soup. -- To help up, to help (one) to get up; to assist in rising, as after a fall, and the like. "A man is well holp up that trusts to you." Shak.

Syn. -- To aid; assist; succor; relieve; serve; support; sustain; befriend. -- To Help, Aid, Assist. These words all agree in the idea of affording relief or support to a person under difficulties. Help turns attention especially to the source of relief. If I fall into a pit, I call for help; and he who helps me out does it by an act of his own. Aid turns attention to the other side, and supposes coˆperation on the part of him who is relieved; as, he aided me in getting out of the pit; I got out by the aid of a ladder which he brought. Assist has a primary reference to relief afforded by a person who "stands by" in order to relieve. It denotes both help and aid. Thus, we say of a person who is weak, I assisted him upstairs, or, he mounted the stairs by my assistance. When help is used as a noun, it points less distinctively and exclusively to the source of relief, or, in other words, agrees more closely with aid. Thus we say, I got out of a pit by the help of my friend.

Help (?), v. i. To lend aid or assistance; to contribute strength or means; to avail or be of use; to assist.

A generous present helps to persuade, as well as an agreeable person.

Garth.

To help out, to lend aid; to bring a supply.

Help, n. [AS. help; akin to D. hulp, G. h¸lfe, hilfe, Icel. hjlp, Sw. hjelp, Dan. hielp. See Help, v. t.]

1. Strength or means furnished toward promoting an object, or deliverance from difficulty or distress; aid; ^; also, the person or thing furnishing the aid; as, he gave me a help of fifty dollars.

Give us help from trouble, for vain is the help of man.

Ps. lx. 11.

God is . . . a very present help in trouble.

Ps. xlvi. 1.

Virtue is a friend and a help to nature.

South.

2. Remedy; relief; as, there is no help for it.

3. A helper; one hired to help another; also, thew hole force of hired helpers in any business.

4. Specifically, a domestic servant, man or woman. [Local, U. S.]

Help"er (?), n. One who, or that which, helps, aids, assists, or relieves; as, a lay helper in a parish.

Thou art the helper of the fatherless.

Ps. x. 14.

Compassion . . . oftentimes a helper of evils.

Dr. H. More.

Help"ful (?), a. Furnishing help; giving aid; assistant; useful; salutary.

Heavens make our presence and our practices Pleasant and helpful to him!

Shak.

-- Help"ful*ly, adv. -- Help"ful*ness, n. Milton.

Help"less, a. 1. Destitute of help or strength; unable to help or defend one's self; needing help; feeble; weak; as, a helpless infant.

How shall I then your helpless fame defend?

Pope.

2. Beyond help; irremediable.

Some helpless disagreement or dislike, either of mind or body.

Milton.

3. Bringing no help; unaiding. [Obs.]

Yet since the gods have been Helpless foreseers of my plagues.

Chapman.

4. Unsupplied; destitute; -- with of. [R.]

Helpless of all that human wants require.

Dryden.

-- Help"less*ly, adv. -- Help"less*ness, n.

Help"mate` (?), n. [A corruption of the "help meet for him" of Genesis ii. 18.Fitzedward Hall.] A helper; a companion; specifically, a wife.

In Minorca the ass and the hog are common helpmates, and are yoked together in order to turn up the land.

Pennant.

A waiting woman was generally considered as the most suitable helpmate for a parson.

Macaulay.

Help"meet` (?), n. [See Helpmate.] A wife; a helpmate.

The Lord God created Adam, . . . and afterwards, on his finding the want of a helpmeet, caused him to sleep, and took one of his ribs and thence made woman.

J. H. Newman.

Hel"ter-skel"ter (?), adv. [An onomat&?;poetic word. Cf. G. holter-polter, D. holder de bolder.] In hurry and confusion; without definite purpose; irregularly. [Colloq.]

Helter-skelter have I rode to thee.

Shak.

A wistaria vine running helter-skelter across the roof.

J. C. Harris.

Helve (?), n. [OE. helve, helfe, AS. hielf, helf, hylf, cf. OHG. halb; and also E. halter, helm of a rudder.] 1. The handle of an ax, hatchet, or adze.

2. (Iron Working) (a) The lever at the end of which is the hammer head, in a forge hammer. (b) A forge hammer which is lifted by a cam acting on the helve between the fulcrum and the head.

Helve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Helved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Helving.] To furnish with a helve, as an ax.

Hel*ve"tian (?), a. Same as Helvetic. -- n. A Swiss; a Switzer.

Hel*ve"tic (?), a. [L. Helveticus, fr. Helvetii the Helvetii.] Of or pertaining to the Helvetii, the ancient inhabitant of the Alps, now Switzerland, or to the modern states and inhabitant of the Alpine regions; as, the Helvetic confederacy; Helvetic states.

{ Hel"vine (?), Hel"vite (?), } n. [L. helvus of a light bay color.] (Min.) A mineral of a yellowish color, consisting chiefly of silica, glucina, manganese, and iron, with a little sulphur.

Hem (hm), pron. [OE., fr. AS. him, heom, dative pl. of. h he. See He, They.] Them [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hem, interj. An onomatopoetic word used as an expression of hesitation, doubt, etc. It is often a sort of voluntary half cough, loud or subdued, and would perhaps be better expressed by hm.

Cough or cry hem, if anybody come.

Shak.

Hem, n. An utterance or sound of the voice, hem or hm, often indicative of hesitation or doubt, sometimes used to call attention. "His morning hems." Spectator.

Hem, v. i. [&radic;15. See Hem, interj.] To make the sound expressed by the word hem; hence, to hesitate in speaking. "Hem, and stroke thy beard." Shak.

Hem, n. [AS. hem, border, margin; cf. Fries. h‰mel, Prov. G. hammel hem of mire or dirt.] 1. The edge or border of a garment or cloth, doubled over and sewed, to strengthen it and prevent raveling.

2. Border; edge; margin. "Hem of the sea." Shak.

3. A border made on sheet-metal ware by doubling over the edge of the sheet, to stiffen it and remove the sharp edge.

Hem, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hemmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hemming.] 1. To form a hem or border to; to fold and sew down the edge of. Wordsworth.

2. To border; to edge

All the skirt about Was hemmed with golden fringe.

Spenser.

To hem about, around, or in, to inclose and confine; to surround; to environ. "With valiant squadrons round about to hem." Fairfax. "Hemmed in to be a spoil to tyranny." Daniel. -- To hem out, to shut out. "You can not hem me out of London." J. Webster.

Hem"a- (?). Same as HÊma-.

Hem"a*chate (?), n. [L. haemachates; Gr. a"i^ma blood + &?; agate.] (Min.) A species of agate, sprinkled with spots of red jasper.

Hem"a*chrome (?), n. Same as HÊmachrome.

Hem"a*cite (?), n. [Gr. a"i^ma blood.] A composition made from blood, mixed with mineral or vegetable substances, used for making buttons, door knobs, etc.

{ Hem`a*drom"e*ter (?), Hem`a*dro*mom"e*ter (?), } n. [Hema- + Gr. &?; course + - meter.] (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the velocity with which the blood moves in the arteries.

{ Hem`a*drom`e*try (?), Hem`a*dro*mom"e*try (?), } n. (Physiol.) The act of measuring the velocity with which the blood circulates in the arteries; hÊmotachometry.

He`ma*dy*nam"ics (?), n. [Hema- + dynamics.] (Physiol.) The principles of dynamics in their application to the blood; that part of science which treats of the motion of the blood.

He`ma*dy"na*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Hema- + dynamometr.] (Physiol.) An instrument by which the pressure of the blood in the arteries, or veins, is measured by the height to which it will raise a column of mercury; -- called also a hÊmomanometer.

He"mal (?), a. [Gr. a"i^ma blood.] Relating to the blood or blood vessels; pertaining to, situated in the region of, or on the side with, the heart and great blood vessels; -- opposed to neural.

As applied to vertebrates, hemal is the same as ventral, the heart and great blood vessels being on the ventral, and the central nervous system on the dorsal, side of the vertebral column.

Hemal arch (Anat.), the ventral arch in a segment of the spinal skeleton, formed by vertebral processes or ribs.

Hem`a*phÊ"in (?), n. Same as HÊmaphÊin.

||Hem`a*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Hemapophyses . [NL. See HÊma-, and ||Apophysis.] (Anat.) The second element in each half of a hemal arch, ||corresponding to the sternal part of a rib. Owen. -- ||Hem`a*po*phys"i*al (#), a.

{ Hem`a*stat"ic (?), Hem`a*stat"ic*al (?), } a. & n. Same as Hemostatic.

Hem`a*stat"ics (?), n. (Physiol.) Laws relating to the equilibrium of the blood in the blood vessels.

Hem`a*ta*chom"e*ter (?), n. Same as HÊmatachometer.

Hem`a*te"in (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, blood.] (Chem.) A reddish brown or violet crystalline substance, C16H12O6, got from hematoxylin by partial oxidation, and regarded as analogous to the phthaleins.

||Hem`a*tem"e*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood + &?; ||a vomiting, fr. &?; to vomit.] (Med.) A vomiting of blood.

Hem"a*therm (?), n. [Gr. a"i^ma blood + &?; warm.] (Zoˆl.) A warm- blooded animal. [R.]

Hem`a*ther"mal (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Warm-blooded; hematothermal. [R]

He*mat"ic (?), a. Same as HÊmatic.

He*mat"ic, n. (Med.) A medicine designed to improve the condition of the blood.

Hem"a*tin (?), n. [Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood.] 1. Hematoxylin.

2. (Physiol. Chem.) A bluish black, amorphous substance containing iron and obtained from blood. It exists the red blood corpuscles united with globulin, and the form of hemoglobin or oxyhemoglobin gives to the blood its red color.

Hem`a*ti*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Hematin + -meter.] (Physiol. Chem.) A form of hemoglobinometer.

Hem`a*tin`o*met"ric (?), a. (Physiol.) Relating to the measurement of the amount of hematin or hemoglobin contained in blood, or other fluids.

He*mat"i*non (?), n. [Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood.] A red consisting of silica, borax, and soda, fused with oxide of copper and iron, and used in enamels, mosaics, etc.

Hem"a*tite (?), n. [L. haematites, Gr. &?; bloodlike, fr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood.] (Min.) An important ore of iron, the sesquioxide, so called because of the red color of the powder. It occurs in splendent rhombohedral crystals, and in massive and earthy forms; -- the last called red ocher. Called also specular iron, oligist iron, rhombohedral iron ore, and bloodstone. See Brown hematite, under Brown.

Hem`a*tit"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to hematite, or resembling it.

Hem"a*to (?). See HÊma-.

He*mat"o*cele (?), n. [Hemato- + Gr. &?; tumor: cf. F. hÈmatocËle.] (Med.) A tumor filled with blood.

||Hem`a*toc"ry*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood + ||kry`os cold.] (Zoˆl.) The cold-blooded vertebrates, that is, all but ||the mammals and birds; -- the antithesis to Hematotherma.

Hem`a*to*crys"tal*lin (?), n. [Hemato + crystalline.] (Physiol.) See Hemoglobin.

Hem"a*toid (?), a. [Hemato- + -oid.] (Physiol.) Resembling blood.

Hem`a*toid"in (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A crystalline or amorphous pigment, free from iron, formed from hematin in old blood stains, and in old hemorrhages in the body. It resembles bilirubin. When present in the corpora lutea it is called hÊmolutein.

Hem`a*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Hemato- + -logy.] The science which treats of the blood.

||Hem`a*to"ma (?), n. [NL. See Hema- , and -oma.] (Med.) A ||circumscribed swelling produced by an effusion of blood beneath the ||skin.

||Hem`a*to*phil"i*a (-t*fl"*), n. [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, ||blood + filei^n to love.] (Med.) A condition characterized by a ||tendency to profuse and uncontrollable hemorrhage from the slightest ||wounds.

Hem`a*to"sin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) The hematin of blood. [R.]

||Hem`a*to"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. a"ima`twsis.] (Physiol.) (a) ||Sanguification; the conversion of chyle into blood. (b) The ||arterialization of the blood in the lungs; the formation of blood in ||general; hÊmatogenesis.

||Hem`a*to*ther"ma (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood ||+ thermo`s warm.] (Zoˆl.) The warm-blooded vertebrates, comprising ||the mammals and birds; -- the antithesis to hematocrya.

Hem"a*to*ther"mal (?), a. Warm- blooded.

Hem`a*tox"y*lin (?), n. HÊmatoxylin.

||Hem`a*tu"ri*a (?), n. [NL. See Hema-, and Urine.] (Med.) Passage of ||urine mingled with blood.

Hem`au*tog"ra*phy (?), n. (Physiol.) The obtaining of a curve similar to a pulse curve or sphygmogram by allowing the blood from a divided artery to strike against a piece of paper.

{ ||Hem*el"y*tron (? or ?), ||Hem*el"y*trum (- trm cf. Elytron, 277), }, n.; pl. Hemelytra (&?;). [NL. See Hemi, and Elytron.] (Zoˆl.) One of the partially thickened anterior wings of certain insects, as of many Hemiptera, the earwigs, etc.

||Hem`e*ra*lo"pi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, the opposite of &?;; &?; ||day + &?; of &?;. See Nyctalopia.] (Med.) A disease of the eyes, in ||consequence of which a person can see clearly or without pain only by ||daylight or a strong artificial light; day sight.

Some writers (as Quain) use the word in the opposite sense, i. e., day blindness. See Nyctalopia.

Hem`er*o"bi*an (?), n. [Gr. &?; day + &?; life.] (Zoˆl.) A neuropterous insect of the genus Hemerobius, and allied genera.

He*mer"o*bid (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of relating to the hemerobians.

||Hem`e*ro*cal"lis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; day + &?; beauty.] ||(Bot.) A genus of plants, some species of which are cultivated for ||their beautiful flowers; day lily.

Hem"i- (?). [Gr. "hmi-. See Semi-.] A prefix signifying half.

Hem`i*al*bu"min (?), n. [Hemi- + albumin.] (Physiol. Chem.) Same as Hemialbumose.

Hem`i*al"bu"mose` (?), n. [Hemi- + albumose.] (Physiol. Chem.) An albuminous substance formed in gastric digestion, and by the action of boiling dilute acids on albumin. It is readily convertible into hemipeptone. Called also hemialbumin.

||Hem`i*an`Ês*the"si*a (?), n. [Hemi- + anÊsthesia.] (Med.) AnÊsthesia ||upon one side of the body.

||Hem`i*bran"chi (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hemi-, and Branchia.] (Zoˆl.) An ||order of fishes having an incomplete or reduced branchial apparatus. ||It includes the sticklebacks, the flutemouths, and Fistularia.

||Hem`i*car"di*a (?), n. [NL. See Hemi-, and Cardia.] (Anat.) A lateral ||half of the heart, either the right or left. B. G. Wilder.

Hem`i*carp (?), n. [Hemi- + Gr. &?; fruit.] (Bot.) One portion of a fruit that spontaneously divides into halves.

||Hem`i*cer"e*brum (?), n. [Hemi- + cerebrum.] (Anat.) A lateral half ||of the cerebrum. Wilder.

Hem`i*col"lin (?), n. [Hemi- + collin.] (Physiol. Chem.) See Semiglutin.

||Hem`i*cra"ni*a (?), n. [L.: cf. F. hÈmicr‚nie. See Cranium, and ||Megrim.] (Med.) A pain that affects only one side of the head.

Hem"i*cra`ny (?), n. (Med.) Hemicranis.

Hem"i*cy`cle (?), n. [L. hemicyclus, Gr. &?;; &?; + &?;.] 1. A half circle; a semicircle.

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2. A semicircular place, as a semicircular arena, or room, or part of a room.

The collections will be displayed in the hemicycle of the central pavilion.

London Academy.

Hem`i*dac"tyl (?), n. [See Hemi- , and Dactyl.] (Zoˆl.) Any species of Old World geckoes of the genus Hemidactylus. The hemidactyls have dilated toes, with two rows of plates beneath.

Hem`i-dem`i-sem"i*quaver (?), n. [Hemi- + demi-semiquaver.] (Mus.) A short note, equal to one fourth of a semiquaver, or the sixty-fourth part of a whole note.

Hem`i*di"tone (?), n. [Hemi- + ditone.] (Gr. Mus.) The lesser third. Busby.

He*mig"a*mous (?), a. [Hemi- + Gr. &?; marriage.] (Bot.) Having one of the two florets in the same spikelet neuter, and the other unisexual, whether male or female; -- said of grasses.

Hem"i*glyph (?), n. [Hemi- + Gr. &?; a carving.] (Arch.) The half channel or groove in the edge of the triglyph in the Doric order.

Hem`i*he"dral (?), a. [Hemi- + Gr. &?; seat, base, fr. &?; to sit.] (Crystallog.) Having half of the similar parts of a crystals, instead of all; consisting of half the planes which full symmetry would require, as when a cube has planes only on half of its eight solid angles, or one plane out of a pair on each of its edges; or as in the case of a tetrahedron, which is hemihedral to an octahedron, it being contained under four of the planes of an octahedron. -- Hem`i*he"dral*ly, adv.

Hem`i*he"drism (?), n. (Crystallog.) The property of crystallizing hemihedrally.

Hem`i*he"dron (?), n. (Crystallog.) A solid hemihedrally derived. The tetrahedron is a hemihedron.

Hem`i*hol`o*he"dral (?), a. [Hemi- + holohedral.] (Crystallog.) Presenting hemihedral forms, in which half the sectants have the full number of planes.

Hem`i*mel*lit"ic (?), a. [Hemi- + mellitic.] (Chem.) Having half as many (three) carboxyl radicals as mellitic acid; -- said of an organic acid.

||Hem`i*me*tab"o*la (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hemi-, and Metabola.] (Zoˆl.) ||Those insects which have an incomplete metamorphosis.

Hem`i*met`a*bol"ic (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having an incomplete metamorphosis, the larvÊ differing from the adults chiefly in laking wings, as in the grasshoppers and cockroaches.

Hem`i*mor"phic (?), a. [Hemi- + Gr. &?; form.] (Crystallog.) Having the two ends modified with unlike planes; -- said of a crystal.

He"min (?), n. [Gr. a"i^ma blood.] (Physiol. Chem.) A substance, in the form of reddish brown, microscopic, prismatic crystals, formed from dried blood by the action of strong acetic acid and common salt; -- called also Teichmann's crystals. Chemically, it is a hydrochloride of hematin.

The obtaining of these small crystals, from old blood clots or suspected blood stains, constitutes one of the best evidences of the presence of blood.

||He*mi"na (?), n.; pl. HeminÊ (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) ||A measure of half a sextary. Arbuthnot.

2. (Med.) A measure equal to about ten fluid ounces.

||He*mi"o*nus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a half ass, a mule.] (Zoˆl.) A ||wild ass found in Thibet; the kiang. Darwin.

{ ||Hem`i*o"pi*a (?), Hem`i*op"si*a (?), } n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; half + Gr. &?; sight.] (Med.) A defect of vision in consequence of which a person sees but half of an object looked at.

Hem`i*or"tho*type (?), a. [Hemi- + Gr. &?; straight + -type.] Same as Monoclinic.

Hem`i*pep"tone (?), n. [Hemi- + peptone.] (Physiol. Chem.) A product of the gastric and pancreatic digestion of albuminous matter.

Unlike antipeptone it is convertible into leucin and tyrosin, by the continued action of pancreatic juice. See Peptone. It is also formed from hemialbumose and albumin by the action of boiling dilute sulphuric acid.

||Hem`i*ple"gi*a (?), n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; half + &?; a stroke; cf. ||F. hÈmiplagie.] (Med.) A palsy that affects one side only of the ||body. -- Hem`i"pleg"ic (#), a.

Hem"i*ple`gy (?), n. (Med.) Hemiplegia.

Hem"i*pode (?), n. [Hemi- + Gr. &?;, &?;, foot.] (Zoˆl.) Any bird of the genus Turnix. Various species inhabit Asia, Africa, and Australia.

Hem`i*pro"te*in (?), n. [Hemi- + protein.] (Physiol. Chem.) An insoluble, proteid substance, described by Sch¸tzenberger, formed when albumin is heated for some time with dilute sulphuric acid. It is apparently identical with antialbumid and dyspeptone.

He*mip"ter (?), n. [Cf. F. hÈmiptËres, pl.] (Zoˆl.) One of the Hemiptera.

||He*mip"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; half + &?; wing, fr. &?; ||to fly.] (Zoˆl.) An order of hexapod insects having a jointed ||proboscis, including four sharp stylets (mandibles and maxillÊ), for ||piercing. In many of the species (Heteroptera) the front wings are ||partially coriaceous, and different from the others.

They are divided into the Heteroptera, including the squash bug, soldier bug, bedbug, etc.; the Homoptera, including the cicadas, cuckoo spits, plant lice, scale insects, etc.; the Thysanoptera, including the thrips, and, according to most recent writers, the Pediculina or true lice.

{ He*mip"ter*al (?), He*mip"ter*ous (?), } a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Hemiptera.

He*mip"ter*an (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Hemiptera; an hemipter.

Hem`i*sect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hemisected; p. pr. & vb. n. Hemisecting.] [Hemi- + L. secare to cut.] (Anat.) To divide along the mesial plane.

Hem`i*sec"tion (?), n. (Anat.) A division along the mesial plane; also, one of the parts so divided.

Hem"i*sphere (?), n. [L. hemisphaerium, Gr. &?;; &?; half = &?; sphere: cf. F. hÈmisphËre. See Hemi-, and Sphere.] 1. A half sphere; one half of a sphere or globe, when divided by a plane passing through its center.

2. Half of the terrestrial globe, or a projection of the same in a map or picture.

3. The people who inhabit a hemisphere.

He died . . . mourned by a hemisphere.

J. P. Peters.

Cerebral hemispheres. (Anat.) See Brain. -- Magdeburg hemispheres (Physics), two hemispherical cups forming, when placed together, a cavity from which the air can be withdrawn by an air pump; -- used to illustrate the pressure of the air. So called because invented by Otto von Guericke at Magdeburg.

{ Hem`i*spher"ic (?), Hem`i*spher"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. hÈmisphÈrique.] Containing, or pertaining to, a hemisphere; as, a hemispheric figure or form; a hemispherical body.

Hem`i*sphe"roid (?), n. [Hemi- + spheroid.] A half of a spheroid.

Hem`i*sphe*roid"al (?), a. Resembling, or approximating to, a hemisphere in form.

Hem`i*spher"ule (?), n. A half spherule.

Hem"i*stich (?; 277), n. [L. hemistichium, Gr. "hmisti`chion; "hmi- half + sti`chos row, line, verse: cf. F. hÈmistiche.] Half a poetic verse or line, or a verse or line not completed.

He*mis"ti*chal (?), a. Pertaining to, or written in, hemistichs; also, by, or according to, hemistichs; as, a hemistichal division of a verse.

Hem`i*sys"to*le (?), n. (Physiol.) Contraction of only one ventricle of the heart.

Hemisystole is noticed in rare cases of insufficiency of the mitral valve, in which both ventricles at times contract simultaneously, as in a normal heart, this condition alternating with contraction of the right ventricle alone; hence, intermittent hemisystole.

Hem"i*tone (?), n. [L. hemitonium, Gr. &?;.] See Semitone.

{ He*mit"ro*pal (?), He*mit"ro*pous (?), } a. [See Hemitrope.] 1. Turned half round; half inverted.

2. (Bot.) Having the raphe terminating about half way between the chalaza and the orifice; amphitropous; -- said of an ovule. Gray.

Hem"i*trope (?), a. [Hemi- + Gr. &?; to turn: cf. F. hÈmitrope.] Half turned round; half inverted; (Crystallog.) having a twinned structure.

Hem"i*trope, n. That which is hemitropal in construction; (Crystallog.) a twin crystal having a hemitropal structure.

He*mit"ro*py (?), n. (Crystallog.) Twin composition in crystals.

Hem"lock (?), n. [OE. hemeluc, humloc, AS. hemlic, hymlic.] 1. (Bot.) The name of several poisonous umbelliferous herbs having finely cut leaves and small white flowers, as the Cicuta maculata, bulbifera, and virosa, and the Conium maculatum. See Conium.

The potion of hemlock administered to Socrates is by some thought to have been a decoction of Cicuta virosa, or water hemlock, by others, of Conium maculatum.

2. (Bot.) An evergreen tree common in North America (Abies, or Tsuga, Canadensis); hemlock spruce.

The murmuring pines and the hemlocks.

Longfellow.

3. The wood or timber of the hemlock tree.

Ground hemlock, or Dwarf hemlock. See under Ground.

Hem"mel (?), n. [Scot. hemmel, hammel, Prov. E. hemble hovel, stable, shed, perh. allied to D. hemel heaven, canopy, G. himmel; cf. E. heaven. &radic;14.] A shed or hovel for cattle. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

Hem"mer (?), n. One who, or that which, hems with a needle. Specifically: (a) An attachment to a sewing machine, for turning under the edge of a piece of fabric, preparatory to stitching it down. (b) A tool for turning over the edge of sheet metal to make a hem.

Hem"o- (?). Same as HÊma-, HÊmo-.

Hem"o*glo"bin (?), n. [Hemo- + globe.] (Physiol.) The normal coloring matter of the red blood corpuscles of vertebrate animals. It is composed of hematin and globulin, and is also called hÊmatoglobulin. In arterial blood, it is always combined with oxygen, and is then called oxyhemoglobin. It crystallizes under different forms from different animals, and when crystallized, is called hÊmatocrystallin. See Blood crystal, under Blood.

Hem`o*glo"bin*om"e*ter (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) Same as HÊmochromometer.

||Hem`o*phil"i*a (?), n. See Hematophilia.

He*mop"ty*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma blood + &?; to spit: cf. F. hÈmoptysie.] (Med.) The expectoration of blood, due usually to hemorrhage from the mucous membrane of the lungs.

Hem"or*rhage (?), n. [L. haemorrhagia, Gr. a"imorragi`a; a"i^ma blood + "rhgny`nai to break, burst: cf. F. hÈmorragie, hÈmorrhagie.] (Med.) Any discharge of blood from the blood vessels.

The blood circulates in a system of closed tubes, the rupture of which gives rise to hemorrhage.

Hem`or*rhag"ic (?), a. [Gr. a"imorragiko`s: cf. F. hÈmorrhagique.] Pertaining or tending to a flux of blood; consisting in, or accompanied by, hemorrhage.

Hem`or*rhoid"al (?), a. [Cf. F. hÈmorroÔdal, hÈmorrhoÔdal.] 1. Of or pertaining to, or of the nature of, hemorrhoids.

2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the rectum; rectal; as, the hemorrhoidal arteries, veins, and nerves.

Hem"or*rhoids (?), n. pl. [L. haemorrhoidae, pl., Gr. &?;, sing., &?; (sc. &?;), pl., veins liable to discharge blood, hemorrhoids, fr. &?; flowing with blood; a"i^ma blood + &?; to flow: cf. F. hÈmorroÔdes, hÈmorrhoÔdes. See Rheum.] (Med.) Livid and painful swellings formed by the dilation of the blood vessels around the margin of, or within, the anus, from which blood or mucus is occasionally discharged; piles; emerods. [The sing. hemorrhoid is rarely used.]

Hem`o*stat"ic (?), a. [Hemo- + Gr. statiko`s causing to stand, fr. &?; to stand.] 1. (Med.) Of or relating to stagnation of the blood.

2. Serving to arrest hemorrhage; styptic.

Hem`o*stat"ic, n. A medicine or application to arrest hemorrhage.

Hem`o*tho"rax (?), n. [NL. See Hemo- , and Thorax.] (Med.) An effusion of blood into the cavity of the pleura.

Hemp (hmp), n. [OE. hemp, AS. henep, hÊnep; akin to D. hennep, OHG. hanaf, G. hanf, Icel. hampr, Dan. hamp, Sw. hampa, L. cannabis, cannabum, Gr. ka`nnabis, ka`nnabos; cf. Russ. konoplia, Skr. Áaa; all prob. borrowed from some other language at an early time. Cf. Cannabine, Canvas.] 1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Cannabis (C. sativa), the fibrous skin or bark of which is used for making cloth and cordage. The name is also applied to various other plants yielding fiber.

2. The fiber of the skin or rind of the plant, prepared for spinning. The name has also been extended to various fibers resembling the true hemp.

African hemp, Bowstring hemp. See under African, and Bowstring. -- Bastard hemp, the Asiatic herb Datisca cannabina. -- Canada hemp, a species of dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum), the fiber of which was used by the Indians. -- Hemp agrimony, a coarse, composite herb of Europe (Eupatorium cannabinum), much like the American boneset. -- Hemp nettle, a plant of the genus Galeopsis (G. Tetrahit), belonging to the Mint family. -- Indian hemp. See under Indian, a. -- Manila hemp, the fiber of Musa textilis. -- Sisal hemp, the fiber of Agave sisalana, of Mexico and Yucatan. -- Sunn hemp, a fiber obtained from a leguminous plant (Crotalaria juncea). -- Water hemp, an annual American weed (Acnida cannabina), related to the amaranth.

Hemp"en (-'n), a. 1. Made of hemp; as, a hempen cord.

2. Like hemp. "Beat into a hempen state." Cook.

Hemp"y (?), a. Like hemp. [R.] Howell.

Hem*self" (?), Hem*selve" (&?;), Hem*selv"en (&?;), pron. pl. [See Hem, pron.] Themselves; -- used reflexively. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hem"stitch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hemstitched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hemstitching.] [Hem + stitch.] To ornament at the head of a broad hem by drawing out a few parallel threads, and fastening the cross threads in successive small clusters; as, to hemstitch a handkerchief.

Hem"stitched (?), a. Having a broad hem separated from the body of the article by a line of open work; as, a hemistitched handkerchief.

He"muse (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The roebuck in its third year. [Prov. Eng.]

Hen (?), n. [AS. henn, hen, hÊn; akin to D. hen, OHG. henna, G. henne, Icel. h&?;na, Dan. hˆna; the fem. corresponding to AS. hana cock, D. haan, OHG. hano, G. hahn, Icel. hani, Dan. & Sw. hane. Prob. akin to L. canere to sing, and orig. meaning, a singer. Cf. Chanticleer.] (Zoˆl.) The female of the domestic fowl; also, the female of grouse, pheasants, or any kind of birds; as, the heath hen; the gray hen.

Used adjectively or in combination to indicate the female; as, hen canary, hen eagle, hen turkey, peahen.

Hen clam. (Zoˆl.) (a) A clam of the Mactra, and allied genera; the sea clam or surf clam. See Surf clam. (b) A California clam of the genus Pachydesma. -- Hen driver. See Hen harrier (below). -- Hen harrier (Zoˆl.), a hawk (Circus cyaneus), found in Europe and America; -- called also dove hawk, henharm, henharrow, hen driver, and usually, in America, marsh hawk. See Marsh hawk. -- Hen hawk (Zoˆl.), one of several species of large hawks which capture hens; esp., the American red-tailed hawk (Buteo borealis), the red-shouldered hawk (B. lineatus), and the goshawk.

Hen"bane` (?), n. [Hen + bane.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Hyoscyamus (H. niger). All parts of the plant are poisonous, and the leaves are used for the same purposes as belladonna. It is poisonous to domestic fowls; whence the name. Called also, stinking nightshade, from the fetid odor of the plant. See Hyoscyamus.

Hen"bit` (?), n. (Bot.) A weed of the genus Lamium (L. amplexicaule) with deeply crenate leaves.

Hence (?), adv. [OE. hennes, hens (the s is prop. a genitive ending; cf. - wards), also hen, henne, hennen, heonnen, heonene, AS. heonan, heonon, heona, hine; akin to OHG. hinnn, G. hinnen, OHG. hina, G. hin; all from the root of E. he. See He.] 1. From this place; away. "Or that we hence wend." Chaucer.

Arise, let us go hence.

John xiv. 31.

I will send thee far hence unto the Gentiles.

Acts xxii. 21.

2. From this time; in the future; as, a week hence. "Half an hour hence." Shak.

<! p. 686 !>

3. From this reason; as an inference or deduction.

Hence, perhaps, it is, that Solomon calls the fear of the Lord the beginning of wisdom.

Tillotson.

4. From this source or origin.

All other faces borrowed hence Their light and grace.

Suckling.

Whence come wars and fightings among you? Come they not hence, even of your lusts?

James. iv. 1.

Hence is used, elliptically and imperatively, for go hence; depart hence; away; be gone. "Hence with your little ones." Shak. -- From hence, though a pleonasm, is fully authorized by the usage of good writers.

An ancient author prophesied from hence.

Dryden.

Expelled from hence into a world Of woe and sorrow.

Milton.

Hence (?), v. t. To send away. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

Hence`forth" (?), adv. From this time forward; henceforward.

I never from thy side henceforth to stray.

Milton.

Hence`for"ward (?), adv. From this time forward; henceforth.

Hench"boy` (hnch"boi`), n. A page; a servant. [Obs.]

Hench"man (-man), n.; pl. -men (#). [OE. hencheman, henxman; prob. fr. OE. & AS. hengest horse + E. man, and meaning, a groom. AS. hengest is akin to D. & G. hengst stallion, OHG. hengist horse, gelding.] An attendant; a servant; a follower. Now chiefly used as a political cant term.

Hen"coop` (?), n. A coop or cage for hens.

Hende (?), a. [OE., near, handy, kind, fr. AS. gehende near, fr. hand hand. See Handy.] 1. Skillful; dexterous; clever. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Friendly; civil; gentle; kind. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hen*dec"a*gon (?), n. [Gr. &?; eleven + &?; angle: cf. F. hendÈcagone.] (Geom.) A plane figure of eleven sides and eleven angles. [Written also endecagon.]

Hen"de*cane (?), n. [Gr. "e`ndeka eleven.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, C11H24, of the paraffin series; -- so called because it has eleven atoms of carbon in each molecule. Called also endecane, undecane.

Hen*dec`a*syl*lab"ic (?), a. Pertaining to a line of eleven syllables.

Hen*dec"a*syl`la*ble (?), n. [L. hendecasyllabus, Gr. &?; eleven-syllabled; &?; eleven + &?; syllable: cf. F. hendÈcasyllabe.] A metrical line of eleven syllables. J. Warton.

Hen*dec`a*to"ic (?), a. [See Hendecane.] (Chem.) Undecylic; pertaining to, or derived from, hendecane; as, hendecatoic acid.

Hen*di"a*dys (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; &?; &?; one by two.] (Gram.) A figure in which the idea is expressed by two nouns connected by and, instead of by a noun and limiting adjective; as, we drink from cups and gold, for golden cups.

Hen"dy (?), a. [Obs.] See Hende.

Hen"en (?), adv. Hence. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hen"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) A marine fish; the sea bream. (b) A young bib. See Bib, n., 2.

Heng (?), obs. imp. of Hang. Hung. Chaucer.

Hen"-heart`ed (?), a. Cowardly; timid; chicken-hearted. Udall.

Hen"house` (?), n.; pl. Henhouses. A house or shelter for fowls.

Hen"hus`sy (?), n. A cotquean; a man who intermeddles with women's concerns.

He*ni"quen (?), n. See Jeniquen.

Hen"na (?), n. [Ar. hinn alcanna (Lawsonia inermis or alba). Cf. Alcanna, Alkanet, Orchanet.]

1. (Bot.) A thorny tree or shrub of the genus Lawsonia (L. alba). The fragrant white blossoms are used by the Buddhists in religious ceremonies. The powdered leaves furnish a red coloring matter used in the East to stain the nails and fingers, the manes of horses, etc.

2. (Com.) The leaves of the henna plant, or a preparation or dyestuff made from them.

Hen"ner*y (?), n. An inclosed place for keeping hens. [U. S.]

Hen"nes (?), adv. Hence. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hen`no*tan"nic (?), a. [Henna + tannic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a brown resinous substance resembling tannin, and extracted from the henna plant; as, hennotannic acid.

{ He*nog"e* ny (?), Hen`o*gen"e*sis (?), } n. [Gr. e"i`s, masc., "e`n, neut., one + root of &?; to be born.] (Biol.) Same as Ontogeny.

Hen"o*the*ism (?), n. [Gr. e"i`s, "enos`, one + E. theism.] Primitive religion in which each of several divinities is regarded as independent, and is worshiped without reference to the rest. [R.]

He*not"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to unite, fr. e"i`s one.] Harmonizing; irenic. Gladstone.

Hen"peck` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Henpecked (?); p. pr. & vb. Henpecking.] To subject to petty authority; -- said of a wife who thus treats her husband. Commonly used in the past participle (often adjectively).

Hen"roost` (?), n. A place where hens roost.

Hen"ry (?), n.; pl. Henrys. [From Joseph Henry, an American physicist.] The unit of electric induction; the induction in a circuit when the electro-motive force induced in this circuit is one volt, while the inducing current varies at the rate of one ampËre a second.

Hen's-foot` (&?;), n. (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant (Caucalis daucoides).

Hent (hnt), v. t. [imp. Hente; p. p. Hent.] [OE. hente, henten, fr. AS. hentan, gehentan, to pursue, take, seize; cf. Icel. henda, Goth. hinpan (in compos.), and E. hunt.] To seize; to lay hold on; to catch; to get. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Spenser.

This cursed Jew him hente and held him fast.

Chaucer.

But all that he might of his friendes hente On bookes and on learning he it spente.

Chaucer.

Hen"ware` (?), n. (Bot.) A coarse, blackish seaweed. See Badderlocks.

Henx"man (?), n. Henchman. [Obs.]

Hep (?), n. See Hip, the fruit of the dog-rose.

||He"par (?), n. [L. hepar, hepatis, the liver, Gr. &?;.] 1. (Old ||Chem.) Liver of sulphur; a substance of a liver-brown color, ||sometimes used in medicine. It is formed by fusing sulphur with ||carbonates of the alkalies (esp. potassium), and consists essentially ||of alkaline sulphides. Called also hepar sulphuris (&?;).

2. Any substance resembling hepar proper, in appearance; specifically, in homeopathy, calcium sulphide, called also hepar sulphuris calcareum (&?;).

Hepar antimonii (&?;) (Old Chem.), a substance, of a liver-brown color, obtained by fusing together antimony sulphide with alkaline sulphides, and consisting of sulphantimonites of the alkalies; -- called also liver of antimony.

He*pat"ic (?), a. [L. hepaticus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; the liver; akin to L. jecur, Skr. yak&?;t: cf. F. hÈpatique.] 1. Of or pertaining to the liver; as, hepatic artery; hepatic diseases.

2. Resembling the liver in color or in form; as, hepatic cinnabar.

3. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or resembling, the plants called HepaticÊ, or scale mosses and liverworts.

Hepatic duct (Anat.), any biliary duct; esp., the duct, or one of the ducts, which carries the bile from the liver to the cystic and common bile ducts. See Illust., under Digestive. -- Hepatic gas (Old Chem.), sulphureted hydrogen gas. -- Hepatic mercurial ore, or Hepatic cinnabar. See under Cinnabar.

||He*pat"i*ca (?), n.; pl. HepaticÊ (#). [NL. See Hepatic. So called in ||allusion to the shape of the lobed leaves or fronds.]

1. (Bot.) A genus of pretty spring flowers closely related to Anemone; squirrel cup.

2. (bot.) Any plant, usually procumbent and mosslike, of the cryptogamous class HepaticÊ; -- called also scale moss and liverwort. See HepaticÊ, in the Supplement.

He*pat"ic*al, a. Hepatic. [R.]

Hep"a*tite (?; 277), n. [L. hepatitis an unknown precious stone, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;, the liver: cf. F. hÈpatite.] (Min.) A variety of barite emitting a fetid odor when rubbed or heated.

||Hep`a*ti"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, liver + -itis.] (Med.) ||Inflammation of the liver.

Hep`a*ti*za"tion (?), n. 1. (Chem.) Impregnating with sulphureted hydrogen gas. [Obs.]

2. [Cf. F. hÈpatisation.] (Med.) Conversion into a substance resembling the liver; a state of the lungs when gorged with effused matter, so that they are no longer pervious to the air.

Hep"a*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hepatized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hepatizing (?).] [Gr. &?; to be like the liver, to be liver-colored, fr. &?;, &?;, the liver: cf. E. hepatite, and (for sense 2) F. hÈpatiser.] 1. To impregnate with sulphureted hydrogen gas, formerly called hepatic gas.

On the right . . . were two wells of hepatized water.

Barrow.

2. To gorge with effused matter, as the lungs.

He*pat"o*cele (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, the liver + &?; tumor.] (Med.) Hernia of the liver.

Hep`a*to*cys"tic (?), a. [Hepatic + cystic.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the liver and gall bladder; as, the hepatocystic ducts.

Hep`a*to*gas"tric (?), a. [Hepatic + gastric.] (Anat.) See Gastrohepatic.

{ Hep`a*to*gen"ic (?), Hep`a*tog"e*nous (?), } a. [Gr. "h^par, "h`patos, the liver + root of gi`gnesthai to be born] (Med.) Arising from the liver; due to a condition of the liver; as, hepatogenic jaundice.

Hep`a*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. "h^par, "h`patos, the liver + -logy.] The science which treats of the liver; a treatise on the liver.

Hep"a*to-pan"cre*as (?), n. [Gr. "h^par, "h`patos, the liver + E. pancreas.] (Zoˆl.) A digestive gland in Crustacea, Mollusca, etc., usually called the liver, but different from the liver of vertebrates.

Hep`a*to*re"nal (?), a. [Hepatic + renal.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the liver and kidneys; as, the hepatorenal ligament.

Hep`a*tos"co*py (?), n. [Gr. &?;; fr. "h^par, "h`patos, the liver + &?; to view: cf. F. hÈpatoscopie.] Divination by inspecting the liver of animals.

Hep"pen (?), a. [Cf. AS. gehÊp fit, Icel. heppinn lucky, E. happy.] Neat; fit; comfortable. [Obs.]

Hep"per (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoˆl.) A young salmon; a parr.

Hep"ta (?). [See Seven.] A combining form from Gr. "epta`, seven.

Hep"ta*chord (?), n. [Gr. "epta`xordos seven-stringed; "epta` seven + xordh` chord: cf. F. heptacorde. See Seven, and Chord.] 1. (Anc. Mus.) (a) A system of seven sounds. (b) A lyre with seven chords.

2. (Anc. Poet.) A composition sung to the sound of seven chords or tones. Moore (Encyc. of Music).

Hep"tad (?), n. [L. heptas the number seven. Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. "epta` seven.] (Chem.) An atom which has a valence of seven, and which can be theoretically combined with, substituted for, or replaced by, seven monad atoms or radicals; as, iodine is a heptad in iodic acid. Also used as an adjective.

Hep"tade (?), n. [Cf. F. heptade. See Heptad.] The sum or number of seven.

Hep"ta*glot (?), n. [Gr. &?;; "epta` seven + 3, &?;, tongue, language.] A book in seven languages.

Hep"ta*gon (?), n. [Gr. &?; sevencornered; "epta` seven + &?; angle: cf. F. heptagone.] (Geom.) A plane figure consisting of seven sides and having seven angles.

Hep*tag"o*nal (?), a. [Cf. F. heptagonal.] Having seven angles or sides.

Heptagonal numbers (Arith.), the numbers of the series 1, 7, 18, 34, 55, etc., being figurate numbers formed by adding successively the terms of the arithmetical series 1, 6, 11, 16, 21, etc.

||Hep`ta*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "epta` seven + &?; woman, ||female: cf. F. heptagunie.] (Bot.) A LinnÊan order of plants having ||seven pistils.

{ Hep`ta*gyn"i*an (?), Hep*tag"y*nous (?), } a. [Cf. F. heptagyne.] (Bot.) Having seven pistils.

Hep`ta*he"dron (?), n. [Hepta- + Gr. &?; seat, base, fr. &?; to sit: cf. F. heptaËdre.] (Geom.) A solid figure with seven sides.

Hep*tam"er*ous (?), a. [Hepta- + Gr. &?; part.] (Bot.) Consisting of seven parts, or having the parts in sets of sevens. Gray.

||Hep*tan"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "epta` seven + &?;, &?;, man, ||male: cf. F. heptandrie.] (Bot.) A LinnÊan class of plants having ||seven stamens.

{ Hep*tan"dri*an (?), Hep*tan"drous (?), } a. [Cf. F. heptandre.] (Bot.) Having seven stamens.

Hep"tane (?), n. [Gr. "epta` seven.] (Chem.) Any one of several isometric hydrocarbons, C7H16, of the paraffin series (nine are possible, four are known); -- so called because the molecule has seven carbon atoms. Specifically, a colorless liquid, found as a constituent of petroleum, in the tar oil of cannel coal, etc.

Hep*tan"gu*lar (?), a. [Hepta- + angular: cf. F. heptangulaire. Cf. Septangular.] Having seven angles.

Hep*taph"yl*lous (?), a. [Hepta- + Gr. &?; leaf: cf. F. heptaphylle.] (Bot.) Having seven leaves.

Hep"tarch (?), n. Same as Heptarchist.

Hep*tar"chic (?), a. [Cf. F. heptarchique.] Of or pertaining to a heptarchy; constituting or consisting of a heptarchy. T. Warton.

Hep"tarch*ist (?), n. A ruler of one division of a heptarchy. [Written also heptarch.]

Hep"tarch*y (?), n. [Hepta- + -archy: cf. F. heptarchie.] A government by seven persons; also, a country under seven rulers.

The word is most commonly applied to England, when it was divided into seven kingdoms; as, the Saxon heptachy, which consisted of Kent, the South Saxons (Sussex), West Saxons (Wessex), East Saxons (Essex), the East Angles, Mercia, and Northumberland.

Hep`ta*sper"mous (?), a. [Hepta- + Gr. &?; a seed.] (Bot.) Having seven seeds.

Hep"ta*stich (?), n. [Hepta- + Gr. sti`chos line, verse.] (Pros.) A composition consisting of seven lines or verses.

Hep"ta*teuch (?), n. [L. heptateuchos, Gr. "epta` seven + &?; tool, book; &?; to prepare, make, work: cf. F. heptateuque.] The first seven books of the Testament.

Hep*tav"a*lent (?), a. [Hepta- + L. valens, p. pr. See Valence.] (Chem.) Having seven units of attractive force or affinity; -- said of heptad elements or radicals.

Hep"tene (?), n. [Gr. "epta` seven.] (Chem.) Same as Heptylene.

Hep"tine (?), n. [Heptane + - ine.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of unsaturated metameric hydrocarbons, C7H12, of the acetylene series.

Hep*to"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, heptane; as, heptoic acid.

Hep"tone (?), n. [Gr. "epta` seven.] (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon, C7H10, of the valylene series.

Hep" tree` (?). [See Hep.] The wild dog- rose.

Hep"tyl (?), n. [Hepta- + - yl.] (Chem.) A compound radical, C7H15, regarded as the essential radical of heptane and a related series of compounds.

Hep"tyl*ene (?), n. (Chem.) A colorless liquid hydrocarbon, C7H14, of the ethylene series; also, any one of its isomers. Called also heptene.

Hep*tyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, heptyl or heptane; as, heptylic alcohol. Cf. ånanthylic.

Her (?), pron. & a. [OE. hire, here, hir, hure, gen. and dat. sing., AS. hire, gen. and dat. sing. of hÈo she. from the same root as E. he. See He.] The form of the objective and the possessive case of the personal pronoun she; as, I saw her with her purse out.

The possessive her takes the form hers when the noun with which in agrees is not given, but implied. "And what his fortune wanted, hers could mend." Dryden.

Her, Here (&?;), pron. pl. [OE. here, hire, AS. heora, hyra, gen. pl. of h. See He.] Of them; their. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

On here bare knees adown they fall.

Chaucer.

He*rac"le*on*ite (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Heracleon of Alexandria, a Judaizing Gnostic, in the early history of the Christian church.

He*rak"line (?), n. [Gr. &?; Hercules.] A picrate compound, used as an explosive in blasting.

Her"ald (?), n. [OE. herald, heraud, OF. heralt, heraut, herault, F. hÈraut, LL. heraldus, haraldus, fr. (assumed) OHG. heriwalto, hariwaldo, a (civil) officer who serves the army; hari, heri, army + waltan to manage, govern, G. walten; akin to E. wield. See Harry, Wield.] 1. (Antiq.) An officer whose business was to denounce or proclaim war, to challenge to battle, to proclaim peace, and to bear messages from the commander of an army. He was invested with a sacred and inviolable character.

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2. In the Middle Ages, the officer charged with the above duties, and also with the care of genealogies, of the rights and privileges of noble families, and especially of armorial bearings. In modern times, some vestiges of this office remain, especially in England. See Heralds' College (below), and King-at-Arms.

3. A proclaimer; one who, or that which, publishes or announces; as, the herald of another's fame. Shak.

4. A forerunner; a a precursor; a harbinger.

It was the lark, the herald of the morn.

Shak.

5. Any messenger. "My herald is returned." Shak.

Heralds' College, in England, an ancient corporation, dependent upon the crown, instituted or perhaps recognized by Richard III. in 1483, consisting of the three Kings-at- Arms and the Chester, Lancaster, Richmond, Somerset, Windsor, and York Heralds, together with the Earl Marshal. This retains from the Middle Ages the charge of the armorial bearings of persons privileged to bear them, as well as of genealogies and kindred subjects; -- called also College of Arms.

Her"ald (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heralded; p. pr. & vb. n. Heralding.] [Cf. OF. herauder, heraulder.] To introduce, or give tidings of, as by a herald; to proclaim; to announce; to foretell; to usher in. Shak.

He*ral"dic (?), a. [Cf. F. hÈraldique.] Of or pertaining to heralds or heraldry; as, heraldic blazoning; heraldic language. T. Warton.

He*ral"dic*al*ly (?), adv. In an heraldic manner; according to the rules of heraldry.

Her"ald*ry (?), n. The art or office of a herald; the art, practice, or science of recording genealogies, and blazoning arms or ensigns armorial; also, of marshaling cavalcades, processions, and public ceremonies.

Her"ald*ship, n. The office of a herald. Selden.

Her"a*path*ite (?), n. [Named after Dr. Herapath, the discoverer.] (Chem.) The sulphate of iodoquinine, a substance crystallizing in thin plates remarkable for their effects in polarizing light.

Her"aud (?), n. A herald. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Herb (?; 277), n. [OE. herbe, erbe, OF. herbe, erbe, F. herbe, L. herba; perh. akin to Gr. forbh` food, pasture, fe`rbein to feed.] 1. A plant whose stem does not become woody and permanent, but dies, at least down to the ground, after flowering.

Annual herbs live but one season; biennial herbs flower the second season, and then die; perennial herbs produce new stems year after year.

2. Grass; herbage.

And flocks Grazing the tender herb.

Milton.

Herb bennet. (Bot.) See Bennet. -- Herb Christopher (Bot.), an herb (ActÊa spicata), whose root is used in nervous diseases; the baneberry. The name is occasionally given to other plants, as the royal fern, the wood betony, etc. -- Herb Gerard (Bot.), the goutweed; -- so called in honor of St. Gerard, who used to be invoked against the gout. Dr. Prior. -- Herb grace, or Herb of grace. (Bot.) See Rue. -- Herb Margaret (Bot.), the daisy. See Marguerite. -- Herb Paris (Bot.), an Old World plant related to the trillium (Paris quadrifolia), commonly reputed poisonous. -- Herb Robert (Bot.), a species of Geranium (G. Robertianum.)

Her*ba"ceous (?), a. [L. herbaceus grassy. See Herb.] Of or pertaining to herbs; having the nature, texture, or characteristics, of an herb; as, herbaceous plants; an herbaceous stem.

Herb"age (?; 48), n. [F. See Herb.]

1. Herbs collectively; green food beasts; grass; pasture. "Thin herbage in the plaims." Dryden.

2. (Law.) The liberty or right of pasture in the forest or in the grounds of another man. Blount.

Herb"aged (?), a. Covered with grass. Thomson.

Herb"al (?), a. Of or pertaining to herbs. Quarles.

Herb"al (?), n. 1. A book containing the names and descriptions of plants. Bacon.

2. A collection of specimens of plants, dried and preserved; a hortus siccus; an herbarium. Steele.

Herb"al*ism (?), n. The knowledge of herbs.

Herb"al*ist, n. One skilled in the knowledge of plants; a collector of, or dealer in, herbs, especially medicinal herbs.

Herb"ar (?), n. An herb. [Obs.] Spenser.

Her*ba"ri*an (?), n. A herbalist.

Herb"a*rist (?), n. A herbalist. [Obs.]

Her*ba"ri*um (?), n.; pl. E. Herbariums (#), L. Herbaria (#). [LL., fr. L. herba. See Herb, and cf. Arbor, Herbary.] 1. A collection of dried specimens of plants, systematically arranged. Gray.

2. A book or case for preserving dried plants.

Herb"a*rize (?), v. t. See Herborize.

Herb"a*ry (?), n. [See Herbarium.] A garden of herbs; a cottage garden. T. Warton.

Herb"er (?), n. [OF. herbier, LL. herbarium. See Herbarium.] A garden; a pleasure garden. [Obs.] "Into an herber green." Chaucer.

Her"berg*age (?), n. [See Harborage.] Harborage; lodging; shelter; harbor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Her"ber*geour (?), n. [See Harbinger.] A harbinger. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Her"bergh (?), Her"ber*we (&?;), n. [See Harbor.] A harbor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Her*bes"cent (?), a. [L. herbescens, p. pr. of herbescere.] Growing into herbs.

Herb"id (?), a. [L. herbidus.] Covered with herbs. [Obs.] Bailey.

Her*bif"er*ous (?), a. [Herb + -ferous: cf. F. herbifÈre.] Bearing herbs or vegetation.

Herb"ist (?), n. A herbalist.

||Her*biv"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. herba herb + vorare to devour.] ||(Zoˆl.) An extensive division of Mammalia. It formerly included the ||Proboscidea, Hyracoidea, Perissodactyla, and Artiodactyla, but by ||later writers it is generally restricted to the two latter groups ||(Ungulata). They feed almost exclusively upon vegetation.

Her"bi*vore (?), n. [Cf. F. herbivore.] (Zoˆl.) One of the Herbivora. P. H. Gosse.

Her*biv"o*rous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Eating plants; of or pertaining to the Herbivora.

Herb"less (?), a. Destitute of herbs or of vegetation. J. Warton.

Herb"let (?), n. A small herb. Shak.

Her"bo*rist (?), n. [F. herboriste.] A herbalist. Ray.

Her`bo*ri*za"tion (?), n. [F. herborisation.] 1. The act of herborizing.

2. The figure of plants in minerals or fossils.

Her"bo*rize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Herborized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Herborizing (?).] [F. herboriser, for herbariser, fr. L. herbarium. See Hebrarium.] To search for plants, or new species of plants, with a view to classifying them.

He herborized as he traveled.

W. Tooke.

Her"bo*rize, v. t. To form the figures of plants in; -- said in reference to minerals. See Arborized.

Herborized stones contain fine mosses.

Fourcroy (Trans.)

Her"bor*ough (?), n. [See Harborough, and Harbor.] A harbor. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

{ Her*bose" (?), Herb"ous (?), } a. [L. herbosus: cf. F. herbeux.] Abounding with herbs. "Fields poetically called herbose." Byrom.

Herb"-wom`an (?), n.; pl. Herb-women (&?;). A woman that sells herbs.

Herb"y (?), a. Having the nature of, pertaining to, or covered with, herbs or herbage. "Herby valleys." Chapman.

Her*cog"a*mous (?), a. [Gr. &?; a fence + &?; marriage.] (Bot.) Not capable of self- fertilization; -- said of hermaphrodite flowers in which some structural obstacle forbids autogamy.

Her*cu"le*an (?), a. [L. herculeus, fr. Hercules: cf. F. herculÈen. See Hercules.]

1. Requiring the strength of Hercules; hence, very great, difficult, or dangerous; as, an Herculean task.

2. Having extraordinary strength or size; as, Herculean limbs. "Herculean Samson." Milton.

Her"cu*les (?), n. 1. (Gr. Myth.) A hero, fabled to have been the son of Jupiter and Alcmena, and celebrated for great strength, esp. for the accomplishment of his twelve great tasks or "labors."

2. (Astron.) A constellation in the northern hemisphere, near Lyra.

Hercules' beetle (Zoˆl.), any species of Dynastes, an American genus of very large lamellicorn beetles, esp. D. hercules of South America, which grows to a length of six inches. -- Hercules' club. (Bot.) (a) An ornamental tree of the West Indies (Zanthoxylum Clava-Herculis), of the same genus with the prickly ash. (b) A variety of the common gourd (Lagenaria vulgaris). Its fruit sometimes exceeds five feet in length. (c) The Angelica tree. See under Angelica. -- Hercules powder, an explosive containing nitroglycerin; -- used for blasting.

Her*cyn"i*an (?), a. [L. Hercynia silva, Hercynius saltus, the Hercynian forest; cf. Gr. &?; &?;.] Of or pertaining to an extensive forest in Germany, of which there are still portions in Swabia and the Hartz mountains.

Herd (?), a. Haired. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Herd (?), n. [OE. herd, heord, AS. heord; akin to OHG. herta,G. herde, Icel. hjˆr&?;, Sw. hjord, Dan. hiord, Goth. haÌrda; cf. Skr. Áardha troop, host.]

1. A number of beasts assembled together; as, a herd of horses, oxen, cattle, camels, elephants, deer, or swine; a particular stock or family of cattle.

The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea.

Gray.

Herd is distinguished from flock, as being chiefly applied to the larger animals. A number of cattle, when driven to market, is called a drove.

2. A crowd of low people; a rabble.

But far more numerous was the herd of such Who think too little and who talk too much.

Dryden.

You can never interest the common herd in the abstract question.

Coleridge.

Herd's grass (Bot.), one of several species of grass, highly esteemed for hay. See under Grass.

Herd, n. [OE. hirde, herde, heorde, AS. hirde, hyrde, heorde; akin to G. hirt, hirte, OHG. hirti, Icel. hir&?;ir, Sw. herde, Dan. hyrde, Goth. haÌrdeis. See 2d Herd.] One who herds or assembles domestic animals; a herdsman; -- much used in composition; as, a shepherd; a goatherd, and the like. Chaucer.

Herd, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Herded; p. pr. & vb. n. Herding.] [See 2d Herd.] 1. To unite or associate in a herd; to feed or run together, or in company; as, sheep herd on many hills.

2. To associate; to ally one's self with, or place one's self among, a group or company.

I'll herd among his friends, and seem One of the number.

Addison.

3. To act as a herdsman or a shepherd. [Scot.]

Herd, v. t. To form or put into a herd.

Herd"book` (?), n. A book containing the list and pedigrees of one or more herds of choice breeds of cattle; -- also called herd record, or herd register.

Herd"er (?), n. A herdsman. [R.]

Her"der*ite (?), n. [Named after Baron von Herder, who discovered it.] (Min.) A rare fluophosphate of glucina, in small white crystals.

Herd"ess (?), n. A shepherdess; a female herder. Sir P. Sidney. Chaucer.

Herd"groom` (?), n. A herdsman. [Obs.]

Her"dic (?), n. [Named from Peter Herdic, the inventor.] A kind of low-hung cab.

{ Herd"man (?), Herds"man (?), } n.; pl. -men (&?;). The owner or keeper of a herd or of herds; one employed in tending a herd of cattle.

Herds"wom`an (?), n.; pl. - women (&?;). A woman who tends a herd. Sir W. Scott.

Here (?), n. Hair. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Here (?), pron. 1. See Her, their. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Her; hers. See Her. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Here (?), adv. [OE. her, AS. h&?;r; akin to OS. h&?;r, D. hier, OHG. hiar, G. hier, Icel. & Goth. h&?;r, Dan. her, Sw. h‰r; fr. root of E. he. See He.] 1. In this place; in the place where the speaker is; -- opposed to there.

He is not here, for he is risen.

Matt. xxviii. 6.

2. In the present life or state.

Happy here, and more happy hereafter.

Bacon.

3. To or into this place; hither. [Colloq.] See Thither.

Here comes Virgil.

B. Jonson.

Thou led'st me here.

Byron.

4. At this point of time, or of an argument; now.

The prisoner here made violent efforts to rise.

Warren.

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