The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary: Section F, G and H (part 3 of 7)
19. Not united or combined with anything else; separated; dissevered; unattached; at liberty to escape; as, free carbonic acid gas; free cells.
Free agency, the capacity or power of choosing or acting freely, or without necessity or constraint upon the will. -- Free bench (Eng. Law), a widow's right in the copyhold lands of her husband, corresponding to dower in freeholds. -- Free board (Naut.), a vessel's side between water line and gunwale. -- Free bond (Chem.), an unsaturated or unemployed unit, or bond, of affinity or valence, of an atom or radical. -- Free-borough men (O.Eng. Law). See Friborg. -- Free chapel (Eccles.), a chapel not subject to the jurisdiction of the ordinary, having been founded by the king or by a subject specially authorized. [Eng.] Bouvier. -- Free charge (Elec.), a charge of electricity in the free or statical condition; free electricity. -- Free church. (a) A church whose sittings are for all and without charge. (b) An ecclesiastical body that left the Church of Scotland, in 1843, to be free from control by the government in spiritual matters. -- Free city, or Free town, a city or town independent in its government and franchises, as formerly those of the Hanseatic league. -- Free cost, freedom from charges or expenses. South. -- Free and easy, unconventional; unrestrained; regardless of formalities. [Colloq.] "Sal and her free and easy ways." W. Black. -- Free goods, goods admitted into a country free of duty. -- Free labor, the labor of freemen, as distinguished from that of slaves. -- Free port. (Com.) (a) A port where goods may be received and shipped free of custom duty. (b) A port where goods of all kinds are received from ships of all nations at equal rates of duty. -- Free public house, in England, a tavern not belonging to a brewer, so that the landlord is free to brew his own beer or purchase where he chooses. Simmonds. -- Free school. (a) A school to which pupils are admitted without discrimination and on an equal footing. (b) A school supported by general taxation, by endowmants, etc., where pupils pay nothing for tuition; a public school. -- Free services (O.Eng. Law), such feudal services as were not unbecoming the character of a soldier or a freemen to perform; as, to serve under his lord in war, to pay a sum of money, etc. Burrill. -- Free ships, ships of neutral nations, which in time of war are free from capture even though carrying enemy's goods. -- Free socage (O.Eng. Law), a feudal tenure held by certain services which, though honorable, were not military. Abbott. -- Free States, those of the United States before the Civil War, in which slavery had ceased to exist, or had never existed. -- Free stuff (Carp.), timber free from knots; clear stuff. -- Free thought, that which is thought independently of the authority of others. -- Free trade, commerce unrestricted by duties or tariff regulations. -- Free trader, one who believes in free trade. -- To make free with, to take liberties with; to help one's self to. [Colloq.] -- To sail free (Naut.), to sail with the yards not braced in as sharp as when sailing closehauled, or close to the wind.
Free (?), adv. 1. Freely; willingly. [Obs.]
I as free forgive you As I would be forgiven.
Shak.
2. Without charge; as, children admitted free.
Free, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Freed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Freeing.] [OE. freen, freoien, AS. freÛgan. See Free, a.] 1. To make free; to set at liberty; to rid of that which confines, limits, embarrasses, oppresses, etc.; to release; to disengage; to clear; -- followed by from, and sometimes by off; as, to free a captive or a slave; to be freed of these inconveniences. Clarendon.
Our land is from the rage of tigers freed.
Dryden.
Arise, . . . free thy people from their yoke.
Milton.
2. To remove, as something that confines or bars; to relieve from the constraint of.
This master key Frees every lock, and leads us to his person.
Dryden.
3. To frank. [Obs.] Johnson.
Free"boot`er (?), n. [D. vrijbuiter, fr. vrijbuiten to plunder; vrij free + buit booty, akin to E. booty. See Free, and Booty, and cf. Filibuster.] One who plunders or pillages without the authority of national warfare; a member of a predatory band; a pillager; a buccaneer; a sea robber. Bacon.
Free"boot`er*y (?), n. The act, practice, or gains of a freebooter; freebooting. Booth.
Free"boot`ing, n. Robbery; plunder; a pillaging.
Free"boot`ing, a. Acting the freebooter; practicing freebootery; robbing.
Your freebooting acquaintance.
Sir W. Scott.
Free"boot`y (?), n. Freebootery. [Obs.]
Free"born` (?), a. Born free; not born in vassalage; inheriting freedom.
Free"-den`i*zen (?), v. t. To make free. [R.]
Freed"man (?), n.; pl. Freedmen (&?;). A man who has been a slave, and has been set free.
Free"dom (fr"dm), n. [AS. freÛdm; freÛfree + - dom. See Free, and -dom.] 1. The state of being free; exemption from the power and control of another; liberty; independence.
Made captive, yet deserving freedom more.
Milton.
2. Privileges; franchises; immunities.
Your charter and your caty's freedom.
Shak.
3. Exemption from necessity, in choise and action; as, the freedom of the will.
4. Ease; facility; as, he speaks or acts with freedom.
5. Frankness; openness; unreservedness.
I emboldened spake and freedom used.
Milton.
6. Improper familiarity; violation of the rules of decorum; license.
7. Generosity; liberality. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Freedom fine, a sum paid on entry to incorporations of trades. -- Freedom of the city, the possession of the rights and privileges of a freeman of the city; formerly often, and now occasionally, conferred on one not a resident, as a mark of honorary distinction for public services.
Syn. -- See Liberty.
Freed"stool` (?), n. [Obs.] See Fridstol.
Free"-hand` (?), a. Done by the hand, without support, or the guidance of instruments; as, free- hand drawing. See under Drawing.
Free"-hand`ed, a. Open-handed; liberal.
Free"-heart`ed (?), a. Open; frank; unreserved; liberal; generous; as, free-hearted mirth. -- Free"-heart`ed*ly, adv. -- Free"-heart`ed*ness, n.
Free"hold` (?), n. (LAw) An estate in real property, of inheritance (in fee simple or fee tail) or for life; or the tenure by which such estate is held. Kent. Burrill.
To abate into a freehold. See under Abate.
Free"hold`er (?), n. (Law) The possessor of a freehold.
Free"-liv`er (?), n. One who gratifies his appetites without stint; one given to indulgence in eating and drinking.
Free"-liv`ing, n. Unrestrained indulgence of the appetites.
Free"-love` (?), n. The doctrine or practice of consorting with the opposite sex, at pleasure, without marriage.
Free"-lov`er, n. One who believes in or practices free-love.
Freel"te (?), n. Frailty. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Free"ly, adv. [AS. freÛlice.] In a free manner; without restraint or compulsion; abundantly; gratuitously.
Of every tree of the garden thou mayst freely eat.
Gen. ii. 16.
Freely ye have received, freely give.
Matt. x. 8.
Freely they stood who stood, and fell who fell.
Milton.
Freely we serve Because we freely love.
Milton.
Syn. -- Independently; voluntarily; spontaneously; unconditionally; unobstructedly; willingly; readily; liberally; generously; bounteously; munificently; bountifully; abundantly; largely; copiously; plentifully; plenteously.
Free"man (?), n.; pl. Freemen (#). [AS. freÛman; freÛfree + mann man.] 1. One who enjoys liberty, or who is not subject to the will of another; one not a slave or vassal.
2. A member of a corporation, company, or city, possessing certain privileges; a member of a borough, town, or State, who has the right to vote at elections. See Liveryman. Burrill.
Both having been made freemen on the same day.
Addison.
Free"-mar`tin (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An imperfect female calf, twinborn with a male.
Free"ma`son (?), n. One of an ancient and secret association or fraternity, said to have been at first composed of masons or builders in stone, but now consisting of persons who are united for social enjoyment and mutual assistance.
Free`ma*son"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, the institutions or the practices of freemasons; as, a freemasonic signal.
Free"ma`son*ry (?), n. The institutions or the practices of freemasons.
Free"-mill`ing (?), a. Yielding free gold or silver; -- said of certain ores which can be reduced by crushing and amalgamation, without roasting or other chemical treatment. Raymond.
Free"-mind`ed (?), a. Not perplexed; having a mind free from care. Bacon.
Free"ness, n. The state or quality of being free; freedom; liberty; openness; liberality; gratuitousness.
Fre"er (?), n. One who frees, or sets free.
Free"-soil` (?), a. Pertaining to, or advocating, the non-extension of slavery; -- esp. applied to a party which was active during the period 1846-1856. [U.S.] -- Free"soil`er (#), n. [U.S.] -- Free"- soil`ism (#), n. [U.S.]
Free"-spo`ken (?), a. Accustomed to speak without reserve. Bacon.
-- Free"-spo`ken-ness, n.
Free"stone` (?), n. A stone composed of sand or grit; -- so called because it is easily cut or wrought.
Free"stone`, a. Having the flesh readily separating from the stone, as in certain kinds of peaches.
Free"-swim`ming (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Swimming in the open sea; -- said of certain marine animals.
Free"think`er (?), n. One who speculates or forms opinions independently of the authority of others; esp., in the sphere or religion, one who forms opinions independently of the authority of revelation or of the church; an unbeliever; -- a term assumed by deists and skeptics in the eighteenth century.
Atheist is an old-fashioned word: I'm a freethinker, child.
Addison.
Syn. -- Infidel; skeptic; unbeliever. See Infidel.
Free"think`ing, n. Undue boldness of speculation; unbelief. Berkeley. -- a. Exhibiting undue boldness of speculation; skeptical.
Free"-tongued` (?), a. Speaking without reserve. Bp. Hall.
Free will (?). 1. A will free from improper coercion or restraint.
To come thus was I not constrained, but did On my free will.
Shak.
2. The power asserted of moral beings of willing or choosing without the restraints of physical or absolute necessity.
Free"will` (?), a. Of or pertaining to free will; voluntary; spontaneous; as, a freewill offering.
Freewill Baptists. See under Baptist.
Freez"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being frozen.
Freeze (?), n. (Arch.) A frieze. [Obs.]
Freeze, v. i. [imp. Froze (?); p. p. Frozen (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Freezing.] [OE. fresen, freosen, AS. freÛsan; akin to D. vriezen, OHG. iosan, G. frieren, Icel. frjsa, Sw. frysa, Dan. fryse, Goth. frius cold, frost, and prob. to L. prurire to itch, E. prurient, cf. L. prna a burning coal, pruina hoarfrost, Skr. prushv ice, prush to spirt. &?; 18. Cf. Frost.] 1. To become congealed by cold; to be changed from a liquid to a solid state by the abstraction of heat; to be hardened into ice or a like solid body.
Water freezes at 32∞ above zero by Fahrenheit's thermometer; mercury freezes at 40∞ below zero.
2. To become chilled with cold, or as with cold; to suffer loss of animation or life by lack of heat; as, the blood freezes in the veins.
To freeze up (Fig.), to become formal and cold in demeanor. [Colloq.]
Freeze, v. t. 1. To congeal; to harden into ice; to convert from a fluid to a solid form by cold, or abstraction of heat.
2. To cause loss of animation or life in, from lack of heat; to give the sensation of cold to; to chill.
A faint, cold fear runs through my veins, That almost freezes up the heat of life.
Shak.
Freeze, n. The act of congealing, or the state of being congealed. [Colloq.]
Freez"er (?), n. One who, or that which, cools or freezes, as a refrigerator, or the tub and can used in the process of freezing ice cream.
Freez"ing, a. Tending to freeze; for freezing; hence, cold or distant in manner. -- Frrez"ing*ly, adv.
Freezing machine. See Ice machine, under Ice. -- Freezing mixture, a mixture (of salt and snow or of chemical salts) for producing intense cold. -- Freezing point, that degree of a thermometer at which a fluid begins to freeze; -- applied particularly to water, whose freezing point is at 32∞ Fahr., and at 0∞ Centigrade.
Frei"es*le`ben*ite (?), n. [Named after the German chemist Freiesleben.] A sulphide of antimony, lead, and silver, occuring in monoclinic crystals.
Freight (frt), n. [F. fret, OHG. frht merit, reward. See Fraught, n.] 1. That with which anything is fraught or laden for transportation; lading; cargo, especially of a ship, or a car on a railroad, etc.; as, a freight of cotton; a full freight.
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2. (Law) (a) The sum paid by a party hiring a ship or part of a ship for the use of what is thus hired. (b) The price paid a common carrier for the carriage of goods. Wharton.
3. Freight transportation, or freight line.
Freight (frt), a. Employed in the transportation of freight; having to do with freight; as, a freight car.
Freight agent, a person employed by a transportation company to receive, forward, or deliver goods. -- Freight car. See under Car. -- Freight train, a railroad train made up of freight cars; -- called in England goods train.
Freight, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Freighted; p. pr. & vb. n. Freighting.] [Cf. F. freter.] To load with goods, as a ship, or vehicle of any kind, for transporting them from one place to another; to furnish with freight; as, to freight a ship; to freight a car.
Freight"age (-j; 48), n. 1. Charge for transportation; expense of carriage.
2. The transportation of freight.
3. Freight; cargo; lading. Milton.
Freight"er (?), n. 1. One who loads a ship, or one who charters and loads a ship.
2. One employed in receiving and forwarding freight.
3. One for whom freight is transported.
4. A vessel used mainly to carry freight.
Freight"less, a. Destitute of freight.
Frel"te (?), n. Frailty. [Obs.] Chaucer.
{ Fremd (?), Frem"ed (?) } a. [OE., from AS. fremede, fremde; akin to G. fremd.] Strange; foreign. [Old Eng. & Scot.] Chaucer.
Fren (frn), n. [OE. frenne, contr. fr. forrene foreign. See Foreign, a.] A stranger. [Obs.] Spenser.
French (frnch), a. [AS. frencisc, LL. franciscus, from L. Francus a Frank: cf. OF. franceis, franchois, franÁois, F. franÁais. See Frank, a., and cf. Frankish.] Of or pertaining to France or its inhabitants.
French bean (Bot.), the common kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). -- French berry (Bot.), the berry of a species of buckthorn (Rhamnus catharticus), which affords a saffron, green or purple pigment. -- French casement (Arch.) See French window, under Window. -- French chalk (Min.), a variety of granular talc; -- used for drawing lines on cloth, etc. See under Chalk. -- French cowslip (Bot.) The Primula Auricula. See Bear's- ear. -- French fake (Naut.), a mode of coiling a rope by running it backward and forward in parallel bends, so that it may run freely. -- French honeysuckle (Bot.) a plant of the genus Hedysarum (H. coronarium); -- called also garland honeysuckle. -- French horn, a metallic wind instrument, consisting of a long tube twisted into circular folds and gradually expanding from the mouthpiece to the end at which the sound issues; -- called in France cor de chasse. -- French leave, an informal, hasty, or secret departure; esp., the leaving a place without paying one's debts. -- French pie [French (here used in sense of "foreign") + pie a magpie (in allusion to its black and white color)] (Zoˆl.), the European great spotted woodpecker (Dryobstes major); -- called also wood pie. -- French polish. (a) A preparation for the surface of woodwork, consisting of gums dissolved in alcohol, either shellac alone, or shellac with other gums added. (b) The glossy surface produced by the application of the above. -- French purple, a dyestuff obtained from lichens and used for coloring woolen and silken fabrics, without the aid of mordants. Ure. -- French red rouge. -- French rice, amelcorn. -- French roof (Arch.), a modified form of mansard roof having a nearly flat deck for the upper slope. - - French tub, a dyer's mixture of protochloride of tin and logwood; -- called also plum tub. Ure. -- French window. See under Window.
French, n. 1. The language spoken in France.
2. Collectively, the people of France.
French"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frenchified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frenchifying.] [French + -fy.] To make French; to infect or imbue with the manners or tastes of the French; to Gallicize. Burke.
French"ism (?), n. A French mode or characteristic; an idiom peculiar to the French language. Earle.
French"man (?), n.; pl. Frenchmen (&?;). A native or one of the people of France.
Fre*net"ic (?), a. [See Frantic, a.] Distracted; mad; frantic; phrenetic. Milton.
Fre*net"ic*al (?), a. Frenetic; frantic; frenzied. -- Frenet"ic*al*ly, adv.
Fre"num (?), n.; pl. E. Frenums (#), L. Frena (#). [L., a bridle.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A cheek stripe of color.
2. (Anat.) Same as FrÊnum.
Fren"zi*cal (frn"z*kal), a. Frantic. [Obs.] Orrery.
Fren"zied (?), p. p. & a. Affected with frenzy; frantic; maddened. -- Fren"zied*ly, adv.
The people frenzied by centuries of oppression.
Buckle.
Up starting with a frenzied look.
Sir W. Scott.
Fren"zy (-z), n.; pl. Frenzies (-zz). [OE. frenesie, fransey, F. frÈnÈsie, L. phrenesis, fr. Gr. fre`nhsis for freni^tis disease of the mind, phrenitis, fr. frhn mind. Cf. Frantic, Phrenitis.] Any violent agitation of the mind approaching to distraction; violent and temporary derangement of the mental faculties; madness; rage.
All else is towering frenzy and distraction.
Addison.
The poet's eye in a fine frenzy rolling.
Shak.
Syn. -- Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangement; alienation; aberration; delirium. See Insanity.
Fren"zy, a. Mad; frantic. [R.]
They thought that some frenzy distemper had got into his head.
Bunyan.
Fren"zy, v. t. To affect with frenzy; to drive to madness [R.] "Frenzying anguish." Southey.
Fre"quence (?), n. [See Frequency.] 1. A crowd; a throng; a concourse. [Archaic.] Tennyson.
2. Frequency; abundance. [R.] Bp. Hall.
Fre"quen*cy (?), n.; pl. Frequencies (#). [L. frequentia numerous attendance, multitude: cf. F. frÈquence. See Frequent.] 1. The condition of returning frequently; occurrence often repeated; common occurence; as, the frequency of crimes; the frequency of miracles.
The reasons that moved her to remove were, because Rome was a place of riot and luxury, her soul being almost stifled with, the frequencies of ladies' visits.
Fuller.
2. A crowd; a throng. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
Fre"quent (?), a. [L. frequens, -entis, crowded, frequent, akin to farcire to stuff: cf. F. frÈquent. Cf. Farce, n.] 1. Often to be met with; happening at short intervals; often repeated or occurring; as, frequent visits. "Frequent feudal towers." Byron.
2. Addicted to any course of conduct; inclined to indulge in any practice; habitual; persistent.
He has been loud and frequent in declaring himself hearty for the government.
Swift.
3. Full; crowded; thronged. [Obs.]
'T is CÊsar's will to have a frequent senate.
B. Jonson.
4. Often or commonly reported. [Obs.]
'T is frequent in the city he hath subdued The Catti and the Daci.
Massinger.
Fre*quent" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frequented; p. pr. & vb. n. Frequenting.] [L. frequentare: cf. F. frÈquenter. See Frequent, a.] 1. To visit often; to resort to often or habitually.
He frequented the court of Augustus.
Dryden.
2. To make full; to fill. [Obs.]
With their sighs the air Frequenting, sent from hearts contrite.
Milton.
Fre*quent"a*ble (?), a. Accessible. [R.] Sidney.
Fre*quent"age (?), n. The practice or habit of frequenting. [R.] Southey.
Fre"quen*ta"tion (?), n. [L. frequentatio a crowding together, frequency: cf. F. frÈquentation.] The act or habit of frequenting or visiting often; resort. Chesterfield.
Fre*quent"a*tive (?), a. [L. frequentativus: cf. F. frÈquentatif.] (Gram.) Serving to express the frequent repetition of an action; as, a frequentative verb. -- n. A frequentative verb.
Fre*quent*er (?), n. One who frequents; one who often visits, or resorts to customarily.
Fre*quent*ly (?), adv. At frequent or short intervals; many times; often; repeatedly; commonly.
Fre"quent*ness, n. The quality of being frequent.
||FrËre (?), n. [F. See Friar.] A friar. Chaucer.
Fres"cade (?), n. [See Fresco, Fresh, a.] A cool walk; shady place. [R.] Maunder.
Fres"co (?), n.; pl. Frescoes or Frescos (#). [It., fr. fresco fresh; of German origin. See Fresh, a.]
1. A cool, refreshing state of the air; duskiness; coolness; shade. [R.] Prior.
2. (Fine Arts) (a) The art of painting on freshly spread plaster, before it dries. (b) In modern parlance, incorrectly applied to painting on plaster in any manner. (c) A painting on plaster in either of senses a and b.
Fres"co, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frescoed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frescoing.] To paint in fresco, as walls.
Fresh (frsh), a. [Compar. Fresher (-r); superl. Freshest.] [OE. fresch, AS. fersc; akin to D. versch, G. frisch, OHG. frisc, Sw. frisk, Dan. frisk, fersk, Icel. frskr frisky, brisk, ferskr fresh; cf. It. fresco, OF. fres, freis, fem. freske, fresche, F. frais, fem. fraÓche, which are of German origin. Cf. Fraischeur, Fresco, Frisk.] 1. Possessed of original life and vigor; new and strong; unimpaired; sound.
2. New; original; additional. "Fear of fresh mistakes." Sir W. Scott.
A fresh pleasure in every fresh posture of the limbs.
Landor.
3. Lately produced, gathered, or prepared for market; not stale; not dried or preserved; not wilted, faded, or tainted; in good condition; as, fresh vegetables, flowers, eggs, meat, fruit, etc.; recently made or obtained; occurring again; repeated; as, a fresh supply of goods; fresh tea, raisins, etc.; lately come or made public; as, fresh news; recently taken from a well or spring; as, fresh water.
4. Youthful; florid; as, these fresh nymphs. Shak.
5. In a raw, green, or untried state; uncultivated; uncultured; unpracticed; as, a fresh hand on a ship.
6. Renewed in vigor, alacrity, or readiness for action; as, fresh for a combat; hence, tending to renew in vigor; rather strong; cool or brisk; as, a fresh wind.
7. Not salt; as, fresh water, in distinction from that which is from the sea, or brackish; fresh meat, in distinction from that which is pickled or salted.
Fresh breeze (Naut.), a breeze between a moderate and a strong breeze; one blowinq about twenty miles an hour. -- Fresh gale, a gale blowing about forty-five miles an hour. -- Fresh way (Naut.), increased speed.
Syn. -- Sound; unimpaired; recent; unfaded: ruddy; florid; sweet; good: inexperienced; unpracticed: unused; lively; vigorous; strong.
Fresh, n.; pl. Freshes (&?;). 1. A stream or spring of fresh water.
He shall drink naught but brine; for I'll not show him Where the quick freshes are.
Shak.
2. A flood; a freshet. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
3. The mingling of fresh water with salt in rivers or bays, as by means of a flood of fresh water flowing toward or into the sea. Beverly.
Fresh, v. t. To refresh; to freshen. [Obs.] Rom. of R.
Fresh"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Freshened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Freshening (?)] 1. To make fresh; to separate, as water, from saline ingredients; to make less salt; as, to freshen water, fish, or flesh.
2. To refresh; to revive. [Obs.] Spenser.
3. (Naut.) To relieve, as a rope, by change of place where friction wears it; or to renew, as the material used to prevent chafing; as, to freshen a hawse. Totten.
To freshen ballast (Naut.), to shift Or restore it. -- To freshen the hawse, to pay out a little more cable, so as to bring the chafe on another part. -- To freshen the way, to increase the speed of a vessel. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Fresh"en (?), v. i. 1. To grow fresh; to lose saltness.
2. To grow brisk or strong; as, the wind freshens.
Fresh"et (?), n. [OE. fresche flood + -et. See Fresh, a.] 1. A stream of fresh water. [Obs.] Milton.
2. A flood or overflowing of a stream caused by heavy rains or melted snow; a sudden inundation.
Cracked the sky, as ice in rivers When the freshet is at highest.
Longfellow.
Fresh"ly, adv. In a fresh manner; vigorously; newly, recently; brightly; briskly; coolly; as, freshly gathered; freshly painted; the wind blows freshly.
Looks he as freshly as he did?
Shak.
Fresh"man (?), n.; pl. Freshmen (&?;). A novice; one in the rudiments of knowledge; especially, a student during his first year in a college or university.
He drank his glass and cracked his joke, And freshmen wondered as he spoke.
Goldsmith.
Freshman class, the lowest of the four classes in an American college. [ U. S.]
Fresh"man*ship, n. The state of being a freshman.
Fresh"ment (?), n. Refreshment. [Obs.]
Fresh"ness, n. The state of being fresh.
The Scots had the advantage both for number and freshness of men.
Hayward.
And breathe the freshness of the open air.
Dryden.
Her cheeks their freshness lose and wonted grace.
Granville.
Fresh"-new` (?), a. Unpracticed. [Obs.] Shak.
Fresh"-wa`ter (?), a. 1. Of, pertaining to, or living in, water not salt; as, fresh-water geological deposits; a fresh- water fish; fresh-water mussels.
2. Accustomed to sail on fresh water only; unskilled as a seaman; as, a fresh-water sailor.
3. Unskilled; raw. [Colloq.] "Fresh- water soldiers." Knolles.
{ Fres`nel" lamp" (?), Fres'nel' lan'tern (?).} [From Fresnel the inventor, a French physicist.] A lantern having a lamp surrounded by a hollow cylindrical Fresnel lens.
Fres`nel" lens" (?). [See Fresnel lamp.] (Optics) See under Lens.
Fret (frt), n. [Obs.] See 1st Frith.
Fret (frt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fretted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fretting.] [OE. freten to eat, consume; AS. fretan, for foretan; pref. for- + etan to eat; akin to D. vreten, OHG. frezzan, G. fressen, Sw. fr‰ta, Goth. fra-itan. See For, and Eat, v. t.] 1. To devour. [Obs.]
The sow frete the child right in the cradle.
Chaucer.
2. To rub; to wear away by friction; to chafe; to gall; hence, to eat away; to gnaw; as, to fret cloth; to fret a piece of gold or other metal; a worm frets the plants of a ship.
With many a curve my banks I fret.
Tennyson.
3. To impair; to wear away; to diminish.
By starts His fretted fortunes give him hope and fear.
Shak.
4. To make rough, agitate, or disturb; to cause to ripple; as, to fret the surface of water.
5. To tease; to irritate; to vex.
Fret not thyself because of evil doers.
Ps. xxxvii. 1.
Fret, v. i. 1. To be worn away; to chafe; to fray; as, a wristband frets on the edges.
2. To eat in; to make way by corrosion.
Many wheals arose, and fretted one into another with great excoriation.
Wiseman.
3. To be agitated; to be in violent commotion; to rankle; as, rancor frets in the malignant breast.
4. To be vexed; to be chafed or irritated; to be angry; to utter peevish expressions.
He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground.
Dryden.
Fret, n. 1. The agitation of the surface of a fluid by fermentation or other cause; a rippling on the surface of water. Addison.
2. Agitation of mind marked by complaint and impatience; disturbance of temper; irritation; as, he keeps his mind in a continual fret.
Yet then did Dennis rave in furious fret.
Pope.
3. Herpes; tetter. Dunglison.
4. pl. (Mining) The worn sides of river banks, where ores, or stones containing them, accumulate by being washed down from the hills, and thus indicate to the miners the locality of the veins.
Fret, v. t. [OE. fretten to adorn, AS. frÊtwan, frÊtwian; akin to OS. fratahn, cf. Goth. us-fratwjan to make wise, also AS. frÊtwe ornaments, OS. fratah adornment.] To ornament with raised work; to variegate; to diversify.
Whose skirt with gold was fretted all about.
Spenser.
Yon gray lines, That fret the clouds, are messengers of day.
Shak.
Fret, n. 1. Ornamental work in relief, as carving or embossing. See Fretwork.
2. (Arch.) An ornament consisting of small fillets or slats intersecting each other or bent at right angles, as in classical designs, or at oblique angles, as often in Oriental art.
His lady's cabinet is a adorned on the fret, ceiling, and chimney-piece with . . . carving.
Evelyn.
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3. The reticulated headdress or net, made of gold or silver wire, in which ladies in the Middle Ages confined their hair.
A fret of gold she had next her hair.
Chaucer.
Fret saw, a saw with a long, narrow blade, used in cutting frets, scrolls, etc.; a scroll saw; a keyhole saw; a compass saw.
Fret (?), n. [F. frette a saltire, also a hoop, ferrule, prob. a dim. of L. ferrum iron. For sense 2, cf. also E. fret to rub.] 1. (Her.) A saltire interlaced with a mascle.
2. (Mus.) A short piece of wire, or other material fixed across the finger board of a guitar or a similar instrument, to indicate where the finger is to be placed.
Fret, v. t. To furnish with frets, as an instrument of music.
Fret"ful (?), a. [See 2d Fret.] Disposed to fret; ill-humored; peevish; angry; in a state of vexation; as, a fretful temper. -- Fret"ful*ly, adv. -- Fret"ful*ness, n.
Syn. -- Peevish; ill-humored; ill-natured; irritable; waspish; captious; petulant; splenetic; spleeny; passionate; angry. - - Fretful, Peevish, Cross. These words all indicate an unamiable working and expression of temper. Peevish marks more especially the inward spirit: a peevish man is always ready to find fault. Fretful points rather to the outward act, and marks a complaining impatience: sickly children are apt to be fretful. Crossness is peevishness mingled with vexation or anger.
Frett (?), n. [See 2d Fret.] (Mining) The worn side of the bank of a river. See 4th Fret, n., 4.
Frett, n. [See Frit.] A vitreous compound, used by potters in glazing, consisting of lime, silica, borax, lead, and soda.
Fret"ted (?), p. p. & a. [From 2d Fret.]
1. Rubbed or worn away; chafed.
2. Agitated; vexed; worried.
Fret"ted, p. p. & a. [See 5th Fret.] 1. Ornamented with fretwork; furnished with frets; variegated; made rough on the surface.
2. (Her.) Interlaced one with another; -- said of charges and ordinaries.
Fret"ten (?), a. [The old p. p. of fret to rub.] Rubbed; marked; as, pock-fretten, marked with the smallpox. [Obs.] Wright.
Fret"ter (?), n. One who, or that which, frets.
Fret"ty, a. [See 5th Fret.] Adorned with fretwork.
||Fre"tum (?), n.; pl. Freta (#). [L.] A strait, or arm of the sea.
Fret"work (?), n. [6th fret + work.] Work adorned with frets; ornamental openwork or work in relief, esp. when elaborate and minute in its parts. Hence, any minute play of light and shade, dark and light, or the like.
Banqueting on the turf in the fretwork of shade and sunshine.
Macaulay.
Frey"a (fr"), n. [Icel. Freyja.] (Scand. Myth.) The daughter of Njˆrd, and goddess of love and beauty; the Scandinavian Venus; - - in Teutonic myths confounded with Frigga, but in Scandinavian, distinct. [Written also Frea, Freyia, and Freyja.]
Fri"a*bii"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. friabilitÈ.] The quality of being friable; friableness. Locke.
Fri"a*ble (?), a. [L. friabilis, fr. friare to rub, break, or crumble into small pieces, cf. fricare to rub, E. fray: cf. F. friable.] Easily crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder. "Friable ground." Evelyn. "Soft and friable texture." Paley. -- Fri'a*ble*ness, n.
Fri"ar (?), n. [OR. frere, F. frËre brother, friar, fr. L. frater brother. See Brother.] 1. (R. C. Ch.) A brother or member of any religious order, but especially of one of the four mendicant orders, viz: (a) Minors, Gray Friars, or Franciscans. (b) Augustines. (c) Dominicans or Black Friars. (d) White Friars or Carmelites. See these names in the Vocabulary.
2. (Print.) A white or pale patch on a printed page.
3. (Zoˆl.) An American fish; the silversides.
Friar bird (Zoˆl.), an Australian bird (Tropidorhynchus corniculatus), having the head destitute of feathers; -- called also coldong, leatherhead, pimlico; poor soldier, and four- o'clock. The name is also applied to several other species of the same genus. -- Friar's balsam (Med.), a stimulating application for wounds and ulcers, being an alcoholic solution of benzoin, styrax, tolu balsam, and aloes; compound tincture of benzoin. Brande & C. -- Friar's cap (Bot.), the monkshood. -- Friar's cowl (Bot.), an arumlike plant (Arisarum vulgare) with a spathe or involucral leaf resembling a cowl. -- Friar's lantern, the ignis fatuus or Will-o'-the-wisp. Milton. -- Friar skate (Zoˆl.), the European white or sharpnosed skate (Raia alba); -- called also Burton skate, border ray, scad, and doctor.
Fri"ar*ly, a. Like a friar; inexperienced. Bacon.
Fri"ar*y (?), a. [From Friar, n.] Like a friar; pertaining to friars or to a convent. [Obs.] Camden.
Fri"ar*y, n. [OF. frerie, frairie, fr. frËre. See Friar.] 1. A monastery; a convent of friars. Drugdale.
2. The institution or practices of friars. Fuller.
Fri*a"tion (?), n. [See Friable.] The act of breaking up or pulverizing.
Frib"ble (?), a. [Cf. F. frivole, L. frivolus, or E. frippery.] Frivolous; trifling; silly.
Frib"ble, n. A frivolous, contemptible fellow; a fop.
A pert fribble of a peer.
Thackeray.
Frib"ble, v. i. 1. To act in a trifling or foolish manner; to act frivolously.
The fools that are fribbling round about you.
Thackeray.
2. To totter. [Obs.]
Frib"bler (?), n. A trifler; a fribble.
Frib"bling (?), a. Frivolous; trining; toolishly captious.
{ Fri"borg , Fri"borgh } (?), n. [AS. friborh, lit., peace pledge; fri peace + borh, borg, pledge, akin to E. borrow. The first part of the word was confused with free, the last part, with borough.] (Old Eng. Law) The pledge and tithing, afterwards called by the Normans frankpledge. See Frankpledge. [Written also friburgh and fribourg.] Burril.
Fric"ace (?), n. [See Fricassee.] 1. Meat sliced and dressed with strong sauce. [Obs.] King.
2. An unguent; also, the act of rubbing with the unguent.
||Fri`can`deau" (?), ||Fric`an*do" (&?;), n. [F. fricandeau; cf. Sp. ||fricandÛ.] A ragout or fricassee of veal; a fancy dish of veal or of ||boned turkey, served as an entrÈe, - - called also fricandel. A. J. ||Cooley.
Fric"as*see` (?), n. [F. fricassÈe, fr. fricasser to fry, fricassee; cf. LL. fricare, perh. for frictare, fricare, frictum, to rub. Cf. Fry, Friction.] A dish made of fowls, veal, or other meat of small animals cut into pieces, and stewed in a gravy.
Fric"as*see`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fricasseed (?); p. pr. &. vb. n. Fricasseeing.] To dress like a fricassee.
Fri*ca"tion (?), n. [L. fricatio, fr. fricare, fricatum, to rub. ] Friction. [Obs.] Bacon.
Fric"a*tive (?), a. [See Frication.] (Phon.) Produced by the friction or rustling of the breath, intonated or unintonated, through a narrow opening between two of the mouth organs; uttered through a close approach, but not with a complete closure, of the organs of articulation, and hence capable of being continued or prolonged; -- said of certain consonantal sounds, as f, v, s, z, etc. -- n. A fricative consonant letter or sound. See Guide to Pronunciation, ßß 197-206, etc.
Fric"a*trice (?), n. [Cf. L. frictrix, fr. fricare to rub.] A lewd woman; a harlot. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
Fric"kle (?), n. A bushel basket. [Obs.]
Fric"tion (?), n. [L. frictio, fr. fricare, frictum,to rub: cf. F. friction. See Fray to rub, arid cf. Dentifrice.] 1. The act of rubbing the surface of one body against that of another; attrition; in hygiene, the act of rubbing the body with the hand, with flannel, or with a brush etc., to excite the skin to healthy action.
2. (Mech.) The resistance which a body meets with from the surface on which it moves. It may be resistance to sliding motion, or to rolling motion.
3. A clashing between two persons or parties in opinions or work; a disagreement tending to prevent or retard progress.
Angle of friction (Mech.), the angle which a plane onwhich a body is lying makes with a horizontal plane,when the hody is just ready to slide dewn the plane. This angle varies for different bodies, and for planes of different materials. -- Anti-friction wheels (Mach.), wheels turning freely on small pivots, and sustaining, at the angle formed by their circumferences, the pivot or journal of a revolving shaft, to relieve it of friction; -- called also friction wheels. -- Friction balls, or Friction rollers, balls or rollers placed so as to receive the pressure or weight of bodies in motion, and relieve friction, as in the hub of a bicycle wheel. -- Friction brake (Mach.), a form of dynamometer for measuring the power a motor exerts. A clamp around the revolving shaft or fly wheel of the motor resists the motion by its friction, the work thus absorbed being ascertained by observing the force required to keep the clamp from revolving with the shaft; a Prony brake. -- Friction chocks, brakes attached to the common standing garrison carriages of guns, so as to raise the trucks or wheels off the platform when the gun begins to recoil, and prevent its running back. Earrow. -- Friction clutch, Friction coupling, an engaging and disengaging gear for revolving shafts, pulleys, etc., acting by friction; esp.: (a) A device in which a piece on one shaft or pulley is so forcibly pressed against a piece on another shaft that the two will revolve together; as, in the illustration, the cone a on one shaft, when thrust forcibly into the corresponding hollow cone b on the other shaft, compels the shafts to rotate together, by the hold the friction of the conical surfaces gives. (b) A toothed clutch, one member of which, instead of being made fast on its shaft, is held by friction and can turn, by slipping, under excessive strain or in starting. -- Friction drop hammer, one in which the hammer is raised for striking by the friction of revolving rollers which nip the hammer rod. -- Friction gear. See Frictional gearing, under Frictional. -- Friction machine, an electrical machine, generating electricity by friction. -- Friction meter, an instrument for measuring friction, as in testing lubricants. -- Friction powder, Friction composition, a composition of chlorate of potassium, antimony, sulphide, etc, which readily ignites by friction. -- Friction primer, Friction tube, a tube used for firing cannon by means of the friction of a roughened wire in the friction powder or composition with which the tube is filled. -- Friction wheel (Mach.), one of the wheels in frictional gearing. See under Frictional.
Fric"tion*al (?), a. Relating to friction; moved by friction; produced by friction; as, frictional electricity.
Frictional gearing, wheels which transmit motion by surface friction instead of teeth. The faces are sometimes made more or less V-shaped to increase or decrease friction, as required.
Fric"tion*less, a. Having no friction.
Fri"day (?), n. [AS. frigedÊg, fr. Frigu, the gooddes of marriage; friqu love + dÊg day; cf. Icel. Frigg name of a goddess, the wife of Odin or Wodan, OHG. Fratag, Icel. Frjdagr. AS. frigu is prob. from the root of E. friend, free. See Free, and Day.] The sixth day of the week, following Thursday and preceding Saturday.
Fridge (?), v. t. [AS. frician to dance, from free bold. Cf. Freak, n.] To rub; to fray. [Obs.] Sterne.
{ Frid"stol` (frd"stl`), Frith`stool" (frth"stl`) }, n. [AS. fristl. See Fred, and Stool.] A seat in churches near the altar, to which offenders formerly fled for sanctuary. [Written variously fridstool, freedstool, etc.] [Obs.]
Fried (frd), imp. & p. p. of Fry.
Friend (frnd), n. [OR. frend, freond, AS. freÛnd, prop. p. pr. of freÛn, freÛgan, to love; akin to D. vriend friend, OS. friund friend, friohan to love, OHG. friunt friend, G. freund, Icel. frÊndi kinsman, Sw. fr‰nde. Goth. frijnds friend, frijn to love. √83. See Free, and cf. Fiend.] 1. One who entertains for another such sentiments of esteem, respect, and affection that he seeks his society and welfare; a wellwisher; an intimate associate; sometimes, an attendant.
Want gives to know the flatterer from the friend.
Dryden.
A friend that sticketh closer than a brother.
Prov. xviii. 24.
2. One not inimical or hostile; one not a foe or enemy; also, one of the same nation, party, kin, etc., whose friendly feelings may be assumed. The word is some times used as a term of friendly address.
Friend, how camest thou in hither?
Matt. xxii. 12.
3. One who looks propitiously on a cause, an institution, a project, and the like; a favorer; a promoter; as, a friend to commerce, to poetry, to an institution.
4. One of a religious sect characterized by disuse of outward rites and an ordained ministry, by simplicity of dress and speech, and esp. by opposition to war and a desire to live at peace with all men. They are popularly called Quakers.
America was first visited by Friends in 1656.
T. Chase.
5. A paramour of either sex. [Obs.] Shak.
A friend at court or in court, one disposed to act as a friend in a place of special opportunity or influence. -- To be friends with, to have friendly relations with. "He's . . . friends with CÊsar." Shak. -- To make friends with, to become reconciled to or on friendly terms with. "Having now made friends with the Athenians." Jowett (Thucyd.).
Friend, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Friended; p. pr. & vb. n. Friending.] To act as the friend of; to favor; to countenance; to befriend. [Obs.]
Fortune friends the bold.
Spenser.
Friend"ed, a. 1. Having friends; [Obs.]
2. Inclined to love; well-disposed. [Obs.] Shak.
Friend"ing, n. Friendliness. [Obs.] Shak.
Friend"less, a. [AS. freÛndle·s.] Destitute of friends; forsaken. -- Friend"less*ness, n.
Friend"li*ly (?), adv. In a friendly manner. Pope.
Friend"li*ness, n. The condition or quality of being friendly. Sir P. Sidney.
Friend"ly, a. [AS. freÈndlce.] 1. Having the temper and disposition of a friend; disposed to promote the good of another; kind; favorable.
2. Appropriate to, or implying, friendship; befitting friends; amicable.
In friendly relations with his moderate opponents.
Macaulay.
3. Not hostile; as, a friendly power or state.
4. Promoting the good of any person; favorable; propitious; serviceable; as, a friendly breeze or gale.
On the first friendly bank he throws him down.
Addison.
Syn. -- Amicable; kind; conciliatory; propitious; favorable. See Amicable.
Friend"ly, adv. In the manner of friends; amicably; like friends. [Obs.] Shak.
In whom all graces that can perfect beauty Are friendly met.
Beau. & Fl.
Friend"ship, n. [AS. freÛndscipe. See Friend, and -ship.] 1. The state of being friends; friendly relation, or attachment, to a person, or between persons; affection arising from mutual esteem and good will; friendliness; amity; good will.
There is little friendship in the world.
Bacon.
There can be no friendship without confidence, and no confidence without integrity.
Rambler.
Preferred by friendship, and not chosen by sufficiency.
Spenser.
2. Kindly aid; help; assistance, [Obs.]
Some friendship will it [a hovel] lend you gainst the tempest.
Shak.
3. Aptness to unite; conformity; affinity; harmony; correspondence. [Obs.]
Those colors . . . have a friendship with each other.
Dryden.
Fri"er (?), n. One who fries.
Friese (?), n. Same as Friesic, n.
Fries"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Friesland, a province in the northern part of the Netherlands.
Fries"ic, n. The language of the Frisians, a Teutonic people formerly occupying a large part of the coast of Holland and Northwestern Germany. The modern dialects of Friesic are spoken chiefly in the province of Friesland, and on some of the islands near the coast of Germany and Denmark.
Fries"ish, a. Friesic. [R.]
Frieze (?), n. [Perh. the same word as frieze a, kind of cloth. Cf. Friz.] (Arch.) (a) That part of the entablature of an order which is between the architrave and cornice. It is a flat member or face, either uniform or broken by triglyphs, and often enriched with figures and other ornaments of sculpture. (b) Any sculptured or richly ornamented band in a building or, by extension, in rich pieces of furniture. See Illust. of Column.
Cornice or frieze with bossy sculptures graven.
Milton.
Frieze (?), n. [F. frise, perh. originally a woolen cloth or stuff from Friesland (F. Frise); cf. LL. frisii panni and frissatus pannus, a shaggy woolen cloth, F. friser to friz, curl. Cf. Friz.] A kind of coarse woolen cloth or stuff with a shaggy or tufted (friezed) nap on one side. "Robes of frieze." Goldsmith.
Frieze, v. t. To make a nap on (cloth); to friz. See Friz, v. t., 2.
Friezing machine, a machine for friezing cloth; a friezing machine.
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Friezed (?), a. Gathered, or having the map gathered, into little tufts, knots, or protuberances. Cf. Frieze, v. t., and Friz, v. t., 2.
Frie"zer (?), n. One who, or that which, friezes or frizzes.
Frig"ate (?), n. [F. frÈgate, It. fregata, prob. contracted fr. L. fabricata something constructed or built. See Fabricate.] 1. Originally, a vessel of the Mediterranean propelled by sails and by oars. The French, about 1650, transferred the name to larger vessels, and by 1750 it had been appropriated for a class of war vessels intermediate between corvettes and ships of the line. Frigates, from about 1750 to 1850, had one full battery deck and, often, a spar deck with a lighter battery. They carried sometimes as many as fifty guns. After the application of steam to navigation steam frigates of largely increased size and power were built, and formed the main part of the navies of the world till about 1870, when the introduction of ironclads superseded them. [Formerly spelled frigat and friggot.]
2. Any small vessel on the water. [Obs.] Spenser.
Frigate bird (Zoˆl.), a web- footed rapacious bird, of the genus Fregata; -- called also man-of-war bird, and frigate pelican. Two species are known; that of the Southern United States and West Indies is F. aquila. They are remarkable for their long wings and powerful flight. Their food consists of fish which they obtain by robbing gulls, terns, and other birds, of their prey. They are related to the pelicans. -- Frigate mackerel (Zoˆl.), an oceanic fish (Auxis Rochei) of little or no value as food, often very abundant off the coast of the United States. -- Frigate pelican. (Zoˆl.) Same as Frigate bird.
Frig"ate-built" (?), a. (Naut.) Built like a frigate with a raised quarter-deck and forecastle.
Frig"a*toon` (?), n. [It. fregatone: cf. F. frÈgaton. See Frigate.] (Naut.) A Venetian vessel, with a square stern, having only a mainmast, jigger mast, and bowsprit; also a sloop of war ship- rigged.
Frig"e*fac`tion (?), n. [L. frigere to be cold + facere to make.] The act of making cold. [Obs.]
Frig"e*fac`tive (?), a. Cooling. [Obs.] Boyle.
Frig"er*ate (?), v. t. [L. frigerare, fr. frigus cold.] To make cool. [Obs.] Blount.
{ Frigg (?), Frig"ga (?) } n. [Icel. Frigg. See Friday.] (Scand. Myth.) The wife of Odin and mother of the gods; the supreme goddess; the Juno of the Valhalla. Cf. Freya.
Fright (frt), n. [OE. frigt, freyht, AS. fyrhto, fyrhtu; akin to OS. forhta, OHG. forhta, forahta, G. furcht, Dan. frygt, Sw. fruktan, Goth. fa˙rhtei fear, fa˙rhts timid.]
1. A state of terror excited by the sudden appearance of danger; sudden and violent fear, usually of short duration; a sudden alarm.
2. Anything strange, ugly or shocking, producing a feeling of alarm or aversion. [Colloq.]
Syn. -- Alarm; terror; consternation. See Alarm.
Fright (?), v. t. [imp. Frighted; p. pr. & vb. n.. Frighting.] [OE. frigten to fear, frighten, AS. fyrhtan to frighten, forhtian to fear; akin to OS. forhtian, OHG. furihten, forahtan, G. f¸rchten, Sw. frukta, Dan. frygte, Goth. faurhtjan. See Fright, n., and cf. Frighten.] To alarm suddenly; to shock by causing sudden fear; to terrify; to scare.
Nor exile or danger can fright a brave spirit.
Dryden.
Syn. -- To affright; dismay; daunt; intimidate.
Fright"en (?), v. t. [imp. Frightened (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Frightening (#).] [See Fright, v. t.] To disturb with fear; to throw into a state of alarm or fright; to affright; to terrify.
More frightened than hurt.
Old Proverb.
Fright"ful (?), a. 1. Full of fright; affrighted; frightened. [Obs.]
See how the frightful herds run from the wood.
W. Browne.
2. Full of that which causes fright; exciting alarm; impressing terror; shocking; as, a frightful chasm, or tempest; a frightful appearance.
Syn. -- Terrible; dreadful; alarming; fearful; terrific; awful; horrid; horrible; shocking. -- Frightful, Dreadful, Awful. These words all express fear. In frightful, it is a sudden emotion; in dreadful, it is deeper and more prolonged; in awful, the fear is mingled with the emotion of awe, which subdues us before the presence of some invisible power. An accident may be frightful; the approach of death is dreadful to most men; the convulsions of the earthquake are awful.
Fright"ful*ly (?), adv. In a frightful manner; to a frightful dagree.
Fright"ful*ness, n. The quality of being frightful.
Fright"less, a. Free from fright; fearless. [Obs.]
Fright"ment (?), n. Fear; terror. [Obs.]
Frig"id (?), a. [L. frigidus, fr. frigere to be cold; prob. akin to Gr. &?; to shudder, or perh. to &?; cold. Cf. Frill.] 1. Cold; wanting heat or warmth; of low temperature; as, a frigid climate.
2. Wanting warmth, fervor, ardor, fire, vivacity, etc.; unfeeling; forbidding in manner; dull and unanimated; stiff and formal; as, a frigid constitution; a frigid style; a frigid look or manner; frigid obedience or service.
3. Wanting natural heat or vigor sufficient to excite the generative power; impotent. Johnson.
Frigid zone, that part of the earth which lies between either polar circle and its pole. It extends 23&?; 28&?; from the pole. See the Note under Arctic.
||Frig"i*da`ri*um (?), n.; pl. Frigidaria (#). [L., neut. of ||frigidarium cooling.] The cooling room of the Roman thermÊ, furnished ||with a cold bath.
Fri*gid"i*ty (?), n. [L. frigiditas: cf. F. frigiditÈ.] 1. The condition or quality of being frigid; coldness; want of warmth.
Ice is water congealed by the frigidity of the air.
Sir T. Browne.
2. Want of ardor, animation, vivacity, etc.; coldness of affection or of manner; dullness; stiffness and formality; as, frigidity of a reception, of a bow, etc.
3. Want of heat or vigor; as, the frigidity of old age.
Frig"id*ly (?), adv. In a frigid manner; coldly; dully; without affection.
Frig"id*ness, n. The state of being frigid; want of heat, vigor, or affection; coldness; dullness.
{ Frig"o*rif"ic (?), Frig"o*rif`ic*al (?) } a. [L. frigorificus; frigus, frigoris, cold + facere to make: cf. F. frigorifique.] Causing cold; producing or generating cold. Quincy.
Frill (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Frilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frilling.] [OF. friller, fr. L. frigidulus somewhat cold, dim. of frigidus cold; akin to F. frileux chilly.] 1. To shake or shiver as with cold; as, the hawk frills. Johnson.
2. (Photog.) To wrinkle; -- said of the gelatin film.
Frill, v. t. To provide or decorate with a frill or frills; to turn back. in crimped plaits; as, to frill a cap.
Frill, n. [See Frill, v. i.]. (Zoˆl.) (a) A ruffing of a bird's feathers from cold. (b) A ruffle, consisting of a fold of membrane, of hairs, or of feathers, around the neck of an animal. See Frilled lizard (below). (c) A similar ruffle around the legs or other appendages of animals. (d) A ruffled varex or fold on certain shells.
2. A border or edging secured at one edge and left free at the other, usually fluted or crimped like a very narrow flounce.
Frilled (?), a. Furnished with a frill or frills.
Frilled lizard (Zoˆl.), a large Australian lizard (Chlamydosaurus Kingii) about three feet long, which has a large, erectile frill on each side of the neck.
Frim (?), a. [Cf. AS. freme good, bold, and E. frame.] Flourishing; thriving; fresh; in good case; vigorous. [Obs.] "Frim pastures." Drayton.
||Fri"maire` (?), n. [F., fr. frimas hoarfrost.] The third month of the ||French republican calendar. It commenced November 21, and ended ||December 20., See VendÈmiaire.
Fringe (?), n. [OF, fringe, F. frange, prob. fr. L. fimbria fiber, thread, fringe, cf. fibra fiber, E. fiber, fimbriate.] 1. An ornamental appendage to the border of a piece of stuff, originally consisting of the ends of the warp, projecting beyond the woven fabric; but more commonly made separate and sewed on, consisting sometimes of projecting ends, twisted or plaited together, and sometimes of loose threads of wool, silk, or linen, or narrow strips of leather, or the like.
2. Something resembling in any respect a fringe; a line of objects along a border or edge; a border; an edging; a margin; a confine.
The confines of grace and the fringes of repentance.
Jer. Taylor.
3. (Opt.) One of a number of light or dark bands, produced by the interference of light; a diffraction band; -- called also interference fringe.
4. (Bot.) The peristome or fringelike appendage of the capsules of most mosses. See Peristome.
Fringe tree (Bot.), a small tree (Chionanthus Virginica), growing in the Southern United States, and having snow-white flowers, with long pendulous petals.
Fringe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fringed (?); p. pr. & vb. a. Fringing.] To adorn the edge of with a fringe or as with a fringe.
Precipices fringed with grass.
Bryant.
Fringing reef. See Coral reefs, under Coral.
Fringed (?), a. Furnished with a fringe.
Fringed lear (Bot.), a leaf edged with soft parallel hairs.
Fringe"less, a. Having no fringe.
Frin"gent (?), a. Encircling like a fringe; bordering. [R.] "The fringent air." Emerson.
||Frin*gil"la (?), a. [NL., fr. L. fringilla a chaffinch.] (Zoˆl.) A ||genus of birds, with a short, conical, pointed bill. It formerly ||included all the sparrows and finches, but is now restricted to ||certain European finches, like the chaffinch and brambling.
Frin`gil*la"ceous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Fringilline.
Frin*gil"line (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the family FringillidÊ; characteristic of finches; sparrowlike.
Frin"gy (?), a. Aborned with fringes. Shak.
Frip"per (?), n. [F. fripier, fr. friper to rumple, fumble, waste.] One who deals in frippery or in old clothes. [Obs.] Bacon.
Frip"per*er (?), n. A fripper. [Obs.] Johnson.
Frip"per*y (?), n. [F. friperie, fr. fruper. See Fripper.] 1. Coast-off clothes. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
2. Hence: Secondhand finery; cheap and tawdry decoration; affected elegance.
Fond of gauze and French frippery.
Goldsmith.
The gauzy frippery of a French translation.
Sir W. Scott.
3. A place where old clothes are sold. Shak.
4. The trade or traffic in old clothes.
Frip"per*y (?), a. Trifling; contemptible.
||Fri"seur' (?), n. [F., fr. friser to curl, frizzle. See Frizzle.] A ||hairdresser.
Fri"sian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Friesland, a province of the Netherlands; Friesic.
Fri"sian, n. A native or inhabitant of Friesland; also, the language spoken in Friesland. See Friesic, n.
Frisk (?), a. [OF. frieque, cf. OHG. frise lively, brisk, fresh, Dan. & Sw. frisk, Icel. friskr. See Fresh, a.] Lively; brisk; frolicsome; frisky. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
Frisk, a. A frolic; a fit of wanton gayety; a gambol: a little playful skip or leap. Johnson.
Frisk, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Frisked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frisking.] To leap, skip, dance, or gambol, in fronc and gayety.
The frisking satyrs on the summits danced.
Addison.
Frisk"al (?), n. A leap or caper. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
Frisker (?), n. One who frisks; one who leaps of dances in gayety; a wanton; an inconstant or unsettled person. Camden.
Fris"ket (?), n. [F. frisguette. Perh. so named from the velocity or frequency of its motion. See Frisk a.] (Print.) The light frame which holds the sheet of paper to the tympan in printing.
Frisk"ful (?), a. Brisk; lively; frolicsome.
Frisk"i*ly' (?), adv. In a frisky manner.
Frisk"i*ness, n. State or quality of being frisky.
Frisk"y, a. Inclined to frisk; frolicsome; gay.
He is too frisky for an old man.
Jeffrey.
Fris"let (frz"lt), n. [Cf. Fraise a kind of defense; also Friz.] A kind of small ruffle. Halliwell.
Frist (frst), v. t. [OE. fristen, firsten, to lend, give respite, postpone, AS. firstan to give respite to; akin to first time, G. frist, Icel. frest delay.] To sell upon credit, as goods. [R.] Crabb.
||Fri"sure` (?), n. [F.] The dressing of the hair by crisping or ||curling. Smollett.
Frit (?), n. [F. fritte, fr. frit fried, p. p. of frire to fry. See Far, v. t.] 1. (Glass Making) The material of which glass is made, after having been calcined or partly fused in a furnace, but before vitrification. It is a composition of silex and alkali, occasionally with other ingredients. Ure.
2. (Ceramics) The material for glaze of pottery.
Frit brick, a lump of calcined glass materials, brought to a pasty condition in a reverberatory furnace, preliminary to the perfect vitrification in the melting pot.
Frit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fritted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fritting.] To prepare by heat (the materials for making glass); to fuse partially. Ure.
Frit, v. t. To fritter; -- with away. [R.] Ld. Lytton.
Frith (frth), n. [OE. firth, Icel. fjˆrr; akin to Sw. fj‰rd, Dan. fiord, E. ford. √78. See Ford, n., and cf. Firth, Fiord, Fret a frith, Port a harbor.]
1. (Geog.) A narrow arm of the sea; an estuary; the opening of a river into the sea; as, the Frith of Forth.
2. A kind of weir for catching fish. [Eng.] Carew.
Frith, n. [OE. frith peace, protection, land inclosed for hunting, park, forest, AS. fri peace; akin to freno peace, protection, asylum, G. friede peace, Icel. frir, and from the root of E. free, friend. See Free, a., and cf. Affray, Defray.] 1. A forest; a woody place. [Obs.] Drayton.
2. A small field taken out of a common, by inclosing it; an inclosure. [Obs.] Sir J. Wynne.
Frith"y (?), a. Woody. [Obs.] Skelton.
||Frit"il*la`ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. L. fritillus dicebox: cf. F. ||fritillaire. So named from the checkered markings of the petals.] ||(Bot.) A genus of liliaceous plants, of which the crown-imperial ||(Fritillaria imperialis) is one species, and the Guinea-hen flower ||(F. Meleagris) another. See Crown-imperial.
Frit"il*la*ry (?), n. 1. (Bot.) A plant with checkered petals, of the genus Fritillaria: the Guinea-hen flower. See Fritillaria.
2. (Zoˆl.) One of several species of butterflies belonging to Argynnis and allied genera; -- so called because the coloring of their wings resembles that of the common Fritillaria. See Aphrodite.
Frit"i*nan*cy (?), n. [L. fritinnire to twitter.] A chirping or creaking, as of a cricket. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
Frit"ter (?), n. [OR. fritour, friture, pancake, F. friture frying, a thing fried, from frire to fry. See Far, v. t.] 1. A small quantity of batter, fried in boiling lard or in a frying pan. Fritters are of various kinds, named from the substance inclosed in the batter; as, apple fritters, clam fritters, oyster fritters.
2. A fragment; a shred; a small piece.
And cut whole giants into fritters.
Hudibras.
Corn fritter. See under Corn.
Frit"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frittered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frittering.] 1. To cut, as meat, into small pieces, for frying.
2. To break into small pieces or fragments.
Break all nerves, and fritter all their sense.
Pope.
To fritter away, to diminish; to pare off; to reduce to nothing by taking away a little at a time; also, to waste piecemeal; as, to fritter away time, strength, credit, etc.
Frit"ting (?), n. [See Frit to expose to heat.] The formation of frit or slag by heat with but incipient fusion.
Friv"o*lism (?), n. Frivolity. [R.] Pristley.
Fri*vol"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Frivolities (#). [Cg. F. frivolitÈ. See Frivolous.] The condition or quality of being frivolous; also, acts or habits of trifling; unbecoming levity of disposition.
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Friv"o*lous (?), a. [L. frivolus; prob. akin to friare to rub, crumble, E. friable: cf. F. frivole.]
1. Of little weight or importance; not worth notice; slight; as, a frivolous argument. Swift.
2. Given to trifling; marked with unbecoming levity; silly; interested especially in trifling matters.
His personal tastes were low and frivolous.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Trifling; trivial; slight; petty; worthless.
-- Friv"o*lous*ly, adv. -- Friv"o*lous*ness, n.
Friz (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frizzed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frizzing (?).] [Cf. F. friser to curl, crisp, frizzle, to raise the nap (on certain stuffs); prob.akin to OFries. frisle hair of the head. Cf. Frieze kind of cloth.] [Written also frizz.] 1. To curl or form into small curls, as hair, with a crisping pin; to crisp.
With her hair frizzed short up to her ears.
Pepys.
2. To form into little burs, prominences, knobs, or tufts, as the nap of cloth.
3. (Leather Manufacture) To soften and make of even thickness by rubbing, as with pumice stone or a blunt instrument.
Frizzing machine. (a) (Fabrics) A machine for frizzing the surface of cloth. (b) (Wood Working) A bench with a revolving cutter head slightly protruding above its surface, for dressing boards.
Friz, n.; pl. Frizzes (&?;). That which is frizzed; anything crisped or curled, as a wig; a frizzle. [Written also frizz.]
He [Dr. Johnson], who saw in his glass how his wig became his face and head, might easily infer that a similar fullbottomed, well-curled friz of words would be no less becoming to his thoughts.
Hare.
Frize (?), n. (Arch.) See 1st Frieze.
Friz"el (?), a. (Firearms) A movable furrowed piece of steel struck by the flint, to throw sparks into the pan, in an early form of flintlock. Knight.
Fri*zette" (?), n. [F. frisette curl.] A curl of hair or silk; a pad of frizzed hair or silk worn by women under the hair to stuff it out.
Frizz (?), v. t. & n. See Friz, v. t. & n.
Friz"zle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frizzled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frizzling (?).] [Dim. of friz.] To curl or crisp, as hair; to friz; to crinkle. Gay.
To frizzle up, to crinkle or crisp excessively.
Friz"zle, n. A curl; a lock of hair crisped. Milton.
Friz"zler` (?), n. One who frizzles.
{ Friz"zly (?), Friz"zy (?), } a. Curled or crisped; as, frizzly, hair.
Fro (fr), adv. [OE. fra, fro, adv. & prep., Icel. fr, akin to Dan. fra from, E. from. See From.] From; away; back or backward; -- now used only in opposition to the word to, in the phrase to and fro, that is, to and from. See To and fro under To. Milton.
Fro, prep. From. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Frock (?), n. [F. froc a monk's cowl, coat, garment, LL. frocus, froccus, flocus, floccus, fr. L. floccus a flock of wool; hence orig., a flocky cloth or garment; cf. L. flaccus flabby, E. flaccid.] 1. A loose outer garment; especially, a gown forming a part of European modern costume for women and children; also, a coarse shirtlike garment worn by some workmen over their other clothes; a smock frock; as, a marketman's frock.
2. A coarse gown worn by monks or friars, and supposed to take the place of all, or nearly all, other garments. It has a hood which can be drawn over the head at pleasure, and is girded by a cord.
Frock coat, a body coat for men, usually double-breasted, the skirts not being in one piece with the body, but sewed on so as to be somewhat full. -- Smock frock. See in the Vocabulary.
Frock, v. t. 1. To clothe in a frock.
2. To make a monk of. Cf. Unfrock.
Frocked (?), a. Clothed in a frock.
Frock"less (?), a. Destitute of a frock.
Froe (fr), n. [See Frow.] A dirty woman; a slattern; a frow. [Obs.] "Raging frantic froes." Draylon.
Froe, n. [See Frow the tool] An iron cleaver or splitting tool; a frow. [U. S.] Bartlett.
Frog (frg), n. [AS. froggu, frocga a frog (in sensel); akin to D. vorsch, OHG. frosk, G. frosch, Icel. froskr, fraukr, Sw. & Dan. frˆ.] 1. (Zoˆl.) An amphibious animal of the genus Rana and related genera, of many species. Frogs swim rapidly, and take long leaps on land. Many of the species utter loud notes in the springtime.
The edible frog of Europe (Rana esculenta) is extensively used as food; the American bullfrog (R. Catesbiana) is remarkable for its great size and loud voice.
2. [Perh. akin to E. fork, cf. frush frog of a horse.] (Anat.) The triangular prominence of the hoof, in the middle of the sole of the foot of the horse, and other animals; the fourchette.
3. (Railroads) A supporting plate having raised ribs that form continuations of the rails, to guide the wheels where one track branches from another or crosses it.
4. [Cf. fraco of wool or silk, L. floccus, E. frock.] An oblong cloak button, covered with netted thread, and fastening into a loop instead of a button hole.
5. The loop of the scabbard of a bayonet or sword.
Cross frog (Railroads), a frog adapted for tracks that cross at right angles. -- Frog cheese, a popular name for a large puffball. -- Frog eater, one who eats frogs; -- a term of contempt applied to a Frenchman by the vulgar class of English. -- Frog fly. (Zoˆl.) See Frog hopper. -- Frog hopper (Zoˆl.), a small, leaping, hemipterous insect living on plants. The larvÊ are inclosed in a frothy liquid called cuckoo spit or frog spit. -- Frog lily (Bot.), the yellow water lily (Nuphar). -- Frog spit (Zoˆl.), the frothy exudation of the frog hopper; -- called also frog spittle. See Cuckoo spit, under Cuckoo.
Frog (?), v. t. To ornament or fasten (a coat, etc.) with trogs. See Frog, n., 4.
Frog"bit` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A European plant (Hydrocharis Morsus- ranÊ), floating on still water and propagating itself by runners. It has roundish leaves and small white flowers. (b) An American plant (Limnobium Spongia), with similar habits.
Frog"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) See Angler, n., 2. (b) An oceanic fish of the genus Antennarius or Pterophrynoides; -- called also mousefish and toadfish.
Frogged (?), a. Provided or ornamented with frogs; as, a frogged coat. See Frog, n., 4. Ld. Lytton.
Frog"gy (?), a. Abounding in frogs. Sherwood.
Frog"mouth` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of several species of Asiatic and East Indian birds of the genus Batrachostomus (family PodargidÊ); -- so called from their very broad, flat bills.
Frog"s`-bit" (?), n. (Bot.) Frogbit.
Frog"shell` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of numerous species of marine gastropod shells, belonging to Ranella and allied genera.
Froise (?), n. [OE. froise cf. F. froisser to bruise, E. frush to bruise,] A kind of pancake. See 1st Fraise. [Written also fraise.]
Frol"ic (frl"k), a. [D. vroolijk; akin to G. frˆlich, fr. froh, OHG. fr, Dan. fro, OS. frh, cf. Icel. frr swift; all perh. akin to Skr. pru to spring up.] Full of levity; dancing, playing, or frisking about; full of pranks; frolicsome; gay; merry.
The frolic wind that breathes the spring.
Milton.
The gay, the frolic, and the loud.
Waller.
Frol"ic, n. 1. A wild prank; a flight of levity, or of gayety and mirth.
He would be at his frolic once again.
Roscommon.
2. A scene of gayety and mirth, as in lively play, or in dancing; a merrymaking.
Frol"ic, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Frolicked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frolicking.] To play wild pranks; to play tricks of levity, mirth, and gayety; to indulge in frolicsome play; to sport.
Hither, come hither, and frolic and play.
Tennyson.
Frol"ic*ful (?), a. Frolicsome. [R.]
Frol"ick*y (?), a. Frolicsome. [Obs.] Richardson.
Frol"ic*ly, adv. In a frolicsome manner; with mirth and gayety. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
Frol"ic*some (?), a. Full of gayety and mirth; given to pranks; sportive.
Old England, who takes a frolicsome brain fever once every two or three years, for the benefit of her doctors.
Sir W. Scott.
-- Frol"ic*some*ly, adv. -- Frol"ic*some*ness, n.
From (frm), prep. [AS. fram, from; akin to OS. fram out, OHG. & Icel. fram forward, Sw. fram, Dan. frem, Goth. fram from, prob. akin to E. forth. &?;202. Cf. Fro, Foremost.] Out of the neighborhood of; lessening or losing proximity to; leaving behind; by reason of; out of; by aid of; -- used whenever departure, setting out, commencement of action, being, state, occurrence, etc., or procedure, emanation, absence, separation, etc., are to be expressed. It is construed with, and indicates, the point of space or time at which the action, state, etc., are regarded as setting out or beginning; also, less frequently, the source, the cause, the occasion, out of which anything proceeds; -- the antithesis and correlative of to; as, it, is one hundred miles from Boston to Springfield; he took his sword from his side; light proceeds from the sun; separate the coarse wool from the fine; men have all sprung from Adam, and often go from good to bad, and from bad to worse; the merit of an action depends on the principle from which it proceeds; men judge of facts from personal knowledge, or from testimony.
Experience from the time past to the time present.
Bacon.
The song began from Jove.
Drpden.
From high MÊonia's rocky shores I came.
Addison.
If the wind blow any way from shore.
Shak.
From sometimes denotes away from, remote from, inconsistent with. "Anything so overdone is from the purpose of playing." Shak. From, when joined with another preposition or an adverb, gives an opportunity for abbreviating the sentence. "There followed him great multitudes of people . . . from [the land] beyond Jordan." Math. iv. 25. In certain constructions, as from forth, from out, etc., the ordinary and more obvious arrangment is inverted, the sense being more distinctly forth from, out from -- from being virtually the governing preposition, and the word the adverb. See From off, under Off, adv., and From afar, under Afar, adv.
Sudden partings such as press The life from out young hearts.
Byron.
{ From"ward (?), From"wards (?), } prep. [AS. framweard about to depart. Cf. Froward] A way from; -- the contrary of toward. [Obs.]
Towards or fromwards the zenith.
Cheyne.
Frond (?), n. [L. frons, frondis, a leafy branch, foliage.] (Bot.) The organ formed by the combination or union into one body of stem and leaf, and often bearing the fructification; as, the frond of a fern or of a lichen or seaweed; also, the peculiar leaf of a palm tree.
Fron*da"tion (?), n. [L. frondatio, from frons. See Frond.] The act of stripping, as trees, of leaves or branches; a kind of pruning. Evelyn.
||Fronde (?), n. [F.] (F. Hist.) A political party in France, during ||the minority of Louis XIV., who opposed the government, and made war ||upon the court party.
Frond"ed (?), a. Furnished with fronds. "Fronded palms." Whittier.
Fron"dent (?), a. [L. frondens, p. pr. of frondere to put forth leaves. See Frond.] Covered with leaves; leafy; as, a frondent tree. [R.]
Fron*desce" (?), v. i. [L. frondescere, inchoative fr. frondere. See Frondent.] To unfold leaves, as plants.
Fron*des"cence (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The time at which each species of plants unfolds its leaves. (b) The act of bursting into leaf. Milne. Martyn.
||Fron"deur` (?), n. [F.] (F. Hist.) A member of the Fronde.
Fron*dif"er*ous (?), a. [L. frondifer frons a leafy branch + ferre to bear: cf. F. frondifere.] Producing fronds.
Frond"let (?), n. (Bot.) A very small frond, or distinct portion of a compound frond.
Fron*dose" (?), a. [L. frondosus leafy.] (Bot.) (a) Frond bearing; resembling a frond; having a simple expansion not separable into stem and leaves. (b) Leafy. Gray.
Fron"dous (?), a. (Bot.) Frondose. [R.]
||Frons (?), n. [L., front.] (Anal.) The forehead; the part of the ||cranium between the orbits and the vertex.
Front (?), n. [F. frant forehead, L. frons, frontis; perh. akin to E. brow.] 1. The forehead or brow, the part of the face above the eyes; sometimes, also, the whole face.
Bless'd with his father's front, his mother's tongue.
Pope.
Grim-visaged war hath smoothed his wrinkled front.
Shak.
His front yet threatens, and his frowns command.
Prior.
2. The forehead, countenance, or personal presence, as expressive of character or temper, and especially, of boldness of disposition, sometimes of impudence; seeming; as, a bold front; a hardened front.
With smiling fronts encountering.
Shak.
The inhabitants showed a bold front.
Macaulay.
3. The part or surface of anything which seems to look out, or to be directed forward; the fore or forward part; the foremost rank; the van; -- the opposite to back or rear; as, the front of a house; the front of an army.
Had he his hurts before? Ay, on the front.
Shak.
4. A position directly before the face of a person, or before the foremost part of a thing; as, in front of un person, of the troops, or of a house.
5. The most conspicuous part.
The very head and front of my offending.
Shak.
6. That which covers the foremost part of the head: a front piece of false hair worn by women.
Like any plain Miss Smith's, who wears s front.
Mrs. Browning.
7. The beginning. "Summer's front." Shak.
Bastioned front (Mil.), a curtain connerting two half bastions. -- Front door, the door in the front wall of a building, usually the principal entrance. -- Front of fortification, the works constructed upon any one side of a polygon. Farrow. -- Front of operations, all that part of the field of operations in front of the successive positions occupied by the army as it moves forward. Farrow. -- To come to the front, to attain prominence or leadership.
Front, a. Of or relating to the front or forward part; having a position in front; foremost; as, a front view.
Front, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fronted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fronting.] 1. To oppose face to face; to oppose directly; to meet in a hostile manner.
You four shall front them in the narrow lane.
Shak.
2. To appear before; to meet.
[Enid] daily fronted him In some fresh splendor.
Tennyson.
3. To face toward; to have the front toward; to confront; as, the house fronts the street.
And then suddenly front the changed reality.
J. Morley.
4. To stand opposed or opposite to, or over against as, his house fronts the church.
5. To adorn in front; to supply a front to; as, to front a house with marble; to front a head with laurel.
Yonder walls, that pertly front your town.
Shak.
Front, v. t. To have or turn the face or front in any direction; as, the house fronts toward the east.
Front"age (?), n. The front part of an edifice or lot; extent of front.
Fron"tal (?), a. [Cf. F. frontal.] Belonging to the front part; being in front; esp. (Anat.), Of or pertaining to the forehead or the anterior part of the roof of the brain case; as, the frontal bones.
Fron"tal, n. [F. frontal, fronteau, OF. Frontel, frontal, L. frontale an ornament for the forehead, frontlet. See Front.] 1. Something worn on the forehead or face; a frontlet; as: (a) An ornamental band for the hair. (b) (Mil.) The metal face guard of a soldier.
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2. (Arch.) A little pediment over a door or window.
3. (Eccl.) A movable, decorative member in metal, carved wood, or, commonly, in rich stuff or in embroidery, covering the front of the altar. Frontals are usually changed according to the different ceremonies.
4. (Med.) A medicament or application for the forehead. [Obs.] Quincy.
5. (Anat.) The frontal bone, or one of the two frontal bones, of the cranium.
Frontal hammer or helve, a forge hammer lifted by a cam, acting upon a "tongue" immediately in front of the hammer head. Raymond.
{ Fron"tate (?), Fron'ta*ted (?), } a. Growing broader and broader, as a leaf; truncate.
Front"ed (?), a. Formed with a front; drawn up in line. "Fronted brigades." Milton.
Fron"tier (?), n. [F. frontiËre, LL. frontaria. See Front.] 1. That part of a country which fronts or faces another country or an unsettled region; the marches; the border, confine, or extreme part of a country, bordering on another country; the border of the settled and cultivated part of a country; as, the frontier of civilization.
2. (Fort.) An outwork. [Obs.]
Palisadoes, frontiers, parapets.
Shak.
Fron"tier, a. 1. Lying on the exterior part; bordering; conterminous; as, a frontier town.
2. Of or relating to a frontier. "Frontier experience." W. Irving.
Fron"tier, v. i. To constitute or form a frontier; to have a frontier; -- with on. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.
Fron"tiered (?), p. a. Placed on the frontiers. [R.]
Fron"tiers*man (?), n.; pl. Frontiersmen (&?;). A man living on the frontier.
||Fron`ti*gnac" (?), Fron`ti`gnan" (&?;), n. [So called from ||Frontignan, a town in Southern France.] 1. A sweet muscadine wine ||made in Frontignan (Languedoc), France.
2. (Bot.) A grape of many varieties and colors.
Front"ing*ly (?), adv. In a fronting or facing position; opposingly.
Fron`tin*iac" (?), n. See Frontignac.
Fron"tis*piece (?), n. [F. frontispice, LL. frontispicium beginning, front of a church, fr. L. frons front + spicere, specere, to look at, view: cf. It. frontispizio. See Front and Spy.] The part which first meets the eye; as: (a) (Arch.) The principal front of a building. [Obs. or R.] (b) An ornamental figure or illustration fronting the first page, or titlepage, of a book; formerly, the titlepage itself.
Front"less (?), a. Without face or front; shameless; not diffident; impudent. [Obs.] "Frontless vice." Dryden. "Frontless flattery." Pope.
Front"less*ly, adv. Shamelessly; impudently. [Obs.]
Front"let (?), n. [OF. frontelet brow band, dim. of frontel, frontal. See Frontal, n.] 1. A frontal or brow band; a fillet or band worn on the forehead.
They shall be as frontlets between thine eyes.
Deut. vi. 8.
2. A frown (likened to a frontlet). [R. & Poetic]
What makes that frontlet on? Methinks you are too much of late i' the frown.
Shak.
3. (Zoˆl.) The margin of the head, behind the bill of birds, often bearing rigid bristles.
Fron"to- (?). [L. frons, frontis, the forehead.] (Anat.) A combining form signifying relating to the forehead or the frontal bone; as, fronto-parietal, relating to the frontal and the parietal bones; fronto-nasal, etc.
||Fron`ton" (?), n. [F., a pediment. See Front.] (Arch.) Same as ||Frontal, 2.
Frop"pish (?), a. [Cf. Frap, Frape.] Peevish; froward. [Obs.] Clarendon.
Frore (?), adv. [See Frorn.] Frostily. [Obs.]
The parching air Burns frore, and cold performs the effect of fire.
Milton.
Frorn (?), p. a. [AS. froren, p. p. of freÛsun to freeze. See Freeze.] Frozen. [Obs.]
Well nigh frorn I feel.
Spenser.
Fro"ry (?), a. [AS. freÛrig. See Frorn.] 1. Frozen; stiff with cold. [Obs.] Spenser.
2. Covered with a froth like hoarfrost. [Archaic]
The foaming steed with frory bit to steer.
Fairfax.
Frost (frst; 115), n. [OE. frost, forst, AS. forst, frost. fr. freÛsan to freeze; akin to D. varst, G., OHG., Icel., Dan., & Sw. frost. √18. See Freeze, v. i.] 1. The act of freezing; -- applied chiefly to the congelation of water; congelation of fluids.
2. The state or temperature of the air which occasions congelation, or the freezing of water; severe cold or freezing weather.
The third bay comes a frost, a killing frost.
Shak.
3. Frozen dew; -- called also hoarfrost or white frost.
He scattereth the hoarfrost like ashes.
Ps. cxlvii. 16.
4. Coldness or insensibility; severity or rigidity of character. [R.]
It was of those moments of intense feeling when the frost of the Scottish people melts like a snow wreath.
Sir W. Scott.
Black frost, cold so intense as to freeze vegetation and cause it to turn black, without the formation of hoarfrost. -- Frost bearer (Physics), a philosophical instrument illustrating the freezing of water in a vacuum; a cryophorus. -- Frost grape (Bot.), an American grape, with very small, acid berries. -- Frost lamp, a lamp placed below the oil tube of an Argand lamp to keep the oil limpid on cold nights; -- used especially in lighthouses. Knight. -- Frost nail, a nail with a sharp head driven into a horse's shoe to keep him from slipping. -- Frost smoke, an appearance resembling smoke, caused by congelation of vapor in the atmosphere in time of severe cold.
The brig and the ice round her are covered by a strange black obscurity: it is the frost smoke of arctic winters.
Kane.
-- Frost valve, a valve to drain the portion of a pipe, hydrant, pump, etc., where water would be liable to freeze. -- Jack Frost, a popular personification of frost.
Frost (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frosted; p. pr. & vb. n. Frosting.] 1. To injure by frost; to freeze, as plants.
2. To cover with hoarfrost; to produce a surface resembling frost upon, as upon cake, metals, or glass.
While with a hoary light she frosts the ground.
Wordsworth.
3. To roughen or sharpen, as the nail heads or calks of horseshoes, so as to fit them for frosty weather.
Frost"bird (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The golden plover.
Frost"bite (?), n. The freezing, or effect of a freezing, of some part of the body, as the ears or nose. Kane. [1913 Webster]
Frost`bite", v. t. To expose to the effect of frost, or a frosty air; to blight or nip with frost.
My wife up and with Mrs. Pen to walk in the fields to frostbite themselves.
Pepys.
Frost`-bit"ten (?), p. a. Nipped, withered, or injured, by frost or freezing.
Frost`-blite" (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Atriplex; orache. Gray. (b) The lamb's- quarters (Chenopodium album). Dr. Prior.
Frost"ed, a. Covered with hoarfrost or anything resembling hoarfrost; ornamented with frosting; also, frost-bitten; as, a frosted cake; frosted glass.
Frosted work is introduced as a foil or contrast to burnished work.
Knight.
Frost`fish" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) The tomcod; -- so called because it is abundant on the New England coast in autumn at about the commencement of frost. See Tomcod. (b) The smelt. [Local, U. S.] (c) A name applied in New Zealand to the scabbard fish (Lepidotus) valued as a food fish.
Frost"i*ly (?), adv. In a frosty manner.
Frost"i*ness, n. State or quality of being frosty.
Frost"ing, n. 1. A composition of sugar and beaten egg, used to cover or ornament cake, pudding, etc.
2. A lusterless finish of metal or glass; the process of producing such a finish.
Frost"less, a. Free from frost; as, a frostless winter.
Frost"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) An American species of rockrose (Helianthemum Canadense), sometimes used in medicine as an astringent or aromatic tonic.
It has large yellow flowers which are often sterile, and later it has abundant but inconspicuous flowers which bear seed. It is so called because, late in autumn, crystals of ice shoot from the cracked bark at the root; -- called also frostwort.
Frost`work" (?), n. The figurework, often fantastic and delicate, which moisture sometimes forms in freezing, as upon a window pane or a flagstone.
Frost`wort" (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Frostweed.
Frost"y (?), a. [Cf. AS. fyrstig.] 1. Attended with, or producing, frost; having power to congeal water; cold; freezing; as, a frosty night.
2. Covered with frost; as, the grass is frosty.
3. Chill in affection; without warmth of affection or courage. Johnson.
4. Appearing as if covered with hoarfrost; white; gray-haired; as, a frosty head. Shak.
Frote (?), v. t. [F. frotter.] To rub or wear by rubbing; to chafe. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
Fro"ter*er (?), n. One who frotes; one who rubs or chafes. [Obs.] Marston.
Froth (?), n. [OE. frothe, Icel. froa; akin to Dan. fraade, Sw. fradga, AS. freoan to froth.]
1. The bubbles caused in fluids or liquors by fermentation or agitation; spume; foam; esp., a spume of saliva caused by disease or nervous excitement.
2. Any empty, senseless show of wit or eloquence; rhetoric without thought. Johnson.
It was a long speech, but all froth.
L'Estrange.
3. Light, unsubstantial matter. Tusser.
Froth insect (Zoˆl.), the cuckoo spit or frog hopper; -- called also froth spit, froth worm, and froth fly. -- Froth spit. See Cuckoo spit, under Cuckoo.
Froth, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frothed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.. Frothing.] 1. To cause to foam.
2. To spit, vent, or eject, as froth.
He . . . froths treason at his mouth.
Dryden.
Is your spleen frothed out, or have ye more?
Tennyson.
3. To cover with froth; as, a horse froths his chain.
Froth, v. i. To throw up or out spume, foam, or bubbles; to foam; as beer froths; a horse froths.
Froth"i*ly (?), adv. In a frothy manner.
Froth"i*ness, n. State or quality of being frothy.
Froth"ing, n. Exaggerated declamation; rant.
Froth"less, a. Free from froth.
Froth"y (?), a. [Compar. Frothier (?); superl. Frothiest.] 1. Full of foam or froth, or consisting of froth or light bubbles; spumous; foamy.
2. Not firm or solid; soft; unstable. Bacon.
3. Of the nature of froth; light; empty; unsubstantial; as, a frothy speaker or harangue. Tillotson.
Frounce (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Frounced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frouncing (?).] [OE. frouncen, fronsen, to told, wrinkle, OF. froncier, F. froncer, perh. fr. an assumed LL. frontiare to wrinkle the forehead, L. frons forehead. See Front, and cf. Flounce part of a dress.] To gather into or adorn with plaits, as a dress; to form wrinkles in or upon; to curl or frizzle, as the hair.
Not tricked and frounced, as she was wont.
Milton.
Frounce, v. i. To form wrinkles in the forehead; to manifest displeasure; to frown. [Obs.]
The Commons frounced and stormed.
Holland.
Frounce, n. 1. A wrinkle, plait, or curl; a flounce; -- also, a frown. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
2. An affection in hawks, in which white spittle gathers about the hawk's bill. Booth.
Frounce"less, a. Without frounces. Rom. of R.
Frou"zy (?), a. [Prov. E. frouzy froward, peevish, offensive to the eye or smell; cf. froust a musty smell, frouse to rumple, frouze to curl, and E. frounce, frowy.] Fetid, musty; rank; disordered and offensive to the smell or sight; slovenly; dingy. See Frowzy. "Petticoats in frouzy heaps." Swift.
Frow (?), n. [D. vrouw; akin to G. frau woman, wife, goth, fr·uja master, lord, AS. fre·.] 1. A woman; especially, a Dutch or German woman. Beau. & Fl.
2. A dirty woman; a slattern. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Frow (?), n. [Cf. Frower.] A cleaving tool with handle at right angles to the blade, for splitting cask staves and shingles from the block; a frower.
Frow (?), a. Brittle. [Obs.] Evelyn.
Fro"ward (?), a. [Fro + - ward. See Fro, and cf. Fromward.] Not willing to yield or compIy with what is required or is reasonable; perverse; disobedient; peevish; as, a froward child.
A froward man soweth strife.
Prov. xvi. 28.
A froward retention of custom is as turbulent a thing as innovation.
Bacon.
Syn. -- Untoward; wayward; unyielding; ungovernable: refractory; obstinate; petulant; cross; peevish. See Perverse.
-- Fro"ward*ly, adv. -- Fro"ward*ness, n.
Frow"er (?), n. [Cf. frow a frower, and Prov. E, frommard.] A tool. See 2d Frow. Tusser.
Frow"ey (?), a. [See Frow, a.] (Carp.) Working smoothly, or without splitting; -- said of timber.
Frown (?), v. i. [imp. &, p. p. Frowned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frowning.] [OF. froignier, F. frogner, in se refrogner, se renfrogner, to knit the brow, to frown; perh. of Teutonic origin; cf. It. in frigno wrinkled, frowning, Prov. It. frignare to cringe the face, to make a wry face, dial. Sw. fryna to make a wry face,] 1. To contract the brow in displeasure, severity, or sternness; to scowl; to put on a stern, grim, or surly look.
The frowning wrinkle of her brow.
Shak.
2. To manifest displeasure or disapprobation; to look with disfavor or threateningly; to lower; as, polite society frowns upon rudeness.
The sky doth frown and lower upon our army.
Shak.
Frown, v. t. To repress or repel by expressing displeasure or disapproval; to rebuke with a look; as, frown the impudent fellow into silence.
Frown, n. 1. A wrinkling of the face in displeasure, rebuke, etc.; a sour, severe, or stere look; a scowl.
His front yet threatens, and his frowns command.
Prior.
Her very frowns are fairer far Than smiles of other maidens are.
H. Coleridge.
2. Any expression of displeasure; as, the frowns of Providence; the frowns of Fortune.
Frown"ing*ly, adv. In a frowning manner.
Frown"y (?), a. Frowning; scowling. [Obs.]
Her frowny mother's ragged shoulder.
Sir F. Palgrave.
Frow"y (?), a. [Cf. Frowzy, Frouzy.] Musty. rancid; as, frowy butter. "Frowy feed." Spenser
Frow"zy (?), a. [See Frouzy.] Slovenly; unkempt; untidy; frouzy. "With head all frowzy." Spenser.
The frowzy soldiers' wives hanging out clothes.
W. D. Howells.
Froze (?), imp. of Freeze.
Fro"zen (?), a. 1. Congealed with cold; affected by freezing; as, a frozen brook.
They warmed their frozen feet.
Dryden.
2. Subject to frost, or to long and severe cold; chilly; as, the frozen north; the frozen zones.
3. Cold-hearted; unsympathetic; unyielding. [R.]
Be not ever frozen, coy.
T. Carew.
Fro"zen*ness, n. A state of being frozen.
Frub"ish (?), v. t. [See Furbish.] To rub up: to furbish. [Obs.] Beau. c& Et.
Fruc"ted (?), a. [L. fructus fruit. See Fruit.] (Her.) Bearing fruit; -- said of a tree or plant so represented upon an escutcheon. Cussans.
Fruc*tes"cence (?), n. [L. fructus fruit.] (Bot.) The maturing or ripening of fruit. [R.] Martyn.
Fruc*tic"u*lose` (?), a. Fruitful; full of fruit.
||Fruc`ti`dor" (?), n. [F., fr. L. fructus fruit.] The twelfth month of ||the French republican calendar; -- commencing August 18, and ending ||September 16. See VendÈmiaire.
||Fruc*tif"er*uos (?), a. [L. fructifer; fructus fruit + ferre to bear; ||cf. F. fructifËre.] Bearing or producing fruit. Boyle.
||Fruc`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. fructificatio: cf. F. fructification.] ||1. The act of forming or producing fruit; the act of fructifying, or ||rendering productive of fruit; fecundation.
The prevalent fructification of plants.
Sir T. Brown.
2. (Bot.) (a) The collective organs by which a plant produces its fruit, or seeds, or reproductive spores. (b) The process of producing fruit, or seeds, or spores.
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Fruc"ti*fy (frk"t*f), v. i. [F. fructifier, L. fructificare; fructus fruit + -ficare (only in comp.), akin to L. facere to make. See Fruit, and Fact.] To bear fruit. "Causeth the earth to fructify." Beveridge.
Fruc"ti*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fructified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fructifying.] To make fruitful; to render productive; to fertilize; as, to fructify the earth.
Fruc*tose" (frk*ts" or frk"ts), n. [L. fructus fruit.] (Chem.) Fruit sugar; levulose. [R.]
Fruc"tu*a*ry (frk"t**r), n.; pl. Fructuaries (- rz). [L. fructuarius.] One who enjoys the profits, income, or increase of anything.
Kings are not proprietors nor fructuaries.
Prynne.
Fruc"tu*a`tion (-"shn), n. Produce; fruit. [R.]
Fruc"tu*ous (?), a. [L. fructuosus: cf, F. fructueux.] Fruitful; productive; profitable. [Obs.]
Nothing fructuous or profitable.
Chaucer.
-- Fruc"tu*ous*ly, adv. -- Fruc"tu*ous*ness, n. [Obs.]
Fruc"ture (?), n. [L. frui, p. p. fructus, to enjoy. See Fruit, n.] Use; fruition; enjoyment. [Obs.] Cotgrave.
Frue" van"ner (?). [Etymol. uncertain.] (Mining) A moving, inclined, endless apron on which ore is concentrated by a current of water; a kind of buddle.
Fru"gal (?), a. [L. frugalis, fr. frugi, lit., for fruit; hence, fit for food, useful, proper, temperate, the dative of frux, frugis, fruit, akin to E. fruit: cf. F. frugal. See Fruit, n.] 1. Economical in the use or appropriation of resources; not wasteful or lavish; wise in the expenditure or application of force, materials, time, etc.; characterized by frugality; sparing; economical; saving; as, a frugal housekeeper; frugal of time.
I oft admire How Nature, wise and frugal, could commit Such disproportions.
Milton.
2. Obtained by, or appropriate to, economy; as, a frugal fortune. "Frugal fare." Dryden.
Fru*gal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Frugalities (#). [L. frugalitas: cf. F. frugalitÈ.] 1. The quality of being frugal; prudent economy; that careful management of anything valuable which expends nothing unnecessarily, and applies what is used to a profitable purpose; thrift; --- opposed to extravagance.
Frugality is founded on the principle that all riches have limits.
Burke.
2. A sparing use; sparingness; as, frugality of praise.
Syn. -- Economy; parsimony. See Economy.
Fru"gal*ly (?), adv. Thriftily; prudently.
Fru"gal*ness, n. Quality of being frugal; frugality.
Fru*gif"er*ous (?), a. [L. frugifer; frux, frugis, fruit + ferre to bear: cf. F. frugifere.] Producing fruit; fruitful; fructiferous. Dr. H. More.
||Fru*giv"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Frugivorous.] (Zoˆl.) The fruit ||bate; a group of the Cheiroptera, comprising the bats which live on ||fruits. See Eruit bat, under Fruit.
Fru*giv"o*rous (?), a. [L. frux, frugis, fruit + vorare to devour.: cf. F. frugivore.] Feeding on fruit, as birds and other animals. Pennant.
Fruit (?), n. [OE. fruit, frut, F. fruit, from L. fructus enjoyment, product, fruit, from frui, p. p. fructus, to enjoy; akin to E. brook, v. t. See Brook, v. t., and cf. Fructify, Frugal.] 1. Whatever is produced for the nourishment or enjoyment of man or animals by the processes of vegetable growth, as corn, grass, cotton, flax, etc.; -- commonly used in the plural.
Six years thou shalt sow thy land, and shalt gather in the fruits thereof.
Ex. xxiii. 10.
2. (Hort.) The pulpy, edible seed vessels of certain plants, especially those grown on branches above ground, as apples, oranges, grapes, melons, berries, etc. See 3.
3. (Bot.) The ripened ovary of a flowering plant, with its contents and whatever parts are consolidated with it.
Fruits are classified as fleshy, drupaceous, and dry. Fleshy fruits include berries, gourds, and melons, orangelike fruits and pomes; drupaceous fruits are stony within and fleshy without, as peaches, plums, and cherries; and dry fruits are further divided into achenes, follicles, legumes, capsules, nuts, and several other kinds. [1913 Webster]
4. (Bot.) The spore cases or conceptacles of flowerless plants, as of ferns, mosses, algae, etc., with the spores contained in them.
6. The produce of animals; offspring; young; as, the fruit of the womb, of the loins, of the body.
King Edward's fruit, true heir to the English crown.
Shak.
6. That which is produced; the effect or consequence of any action; advantageous or desirable product or result; disadvantageous or evil consequence or effect; as, the fruits of labor, of self-denial, of intemperance.
The fruit of rashness.
Shak.
What I obtained was the fruit of no bargain.
Burke.
They shall eat the fruit of their doings.
Is. iii 10.
The fruits of this education became visible.
Macaulay.
Fruit is frequently used adjectively, signifying of, for, or pertaining to a fruit or fruits; as, fruit bud; fruit frame; fruit jar; fruit knife; fruit loft; fruit show; fruit stall; fruit tree; etc.
Fruit bat (Zoˆl.), one of the Frugivora; -- called also fruit-eating bat. -- Fruit bud (Bot.), a bud that produces fruit; -- in most oplants the same as the power bud. Fruit dot (Bot.), a collection of fruit cases, as in ferns. See Sorus. -- Fruit fly (Zoˆl.), a small dipterous insect of the genus Drosophila, which lives in fruit, in the larval state. -- Fruit jar, a jar for holding preserved fruit, usually made of glass or earthenware. -- Fruit pigeon (Zoˆl.), one of numerous species of pigeons of the family CarpophagidÊ, inhabiting India, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. They feed largely upon fruit. and are noted for their beautiful colors. -- Fruit sugar (Chem.), a kind of sugar occurring, naturally formed, in many ripe fruits, and in honey; levulose. The name is also, though rarely, applied to invert sugar, or to the natural mixture or dextrose and levulose resembling it, and found in fruits and honey. -- Fruit tree (Hort.), a tree cultivated for its edible fruit. -- Fruit worm (Zoˆl.), one of numerous species of insect larvÊ: which live in the interior of fruit. They are mostly small species of Lepidoptera and Diptera. -- Small fruits (Hort.), currants, raspberries, strawberries, etc.
Fruit (?), v. i. To bear fruit. Chesterfield.
Fruit"age (?), n. [F. fruitage.] 1. Fruit, collectively; fruit, in general; fruitery.
The trees . . . ambrosial fruitage bear.
Milton.
2. Product or result of any action; effect, good or ill.
Fruit"er (?), a. A ship for carrying fruit.
Fruit"er*er (?), n. [Cf. F. fruitier.] One who deals in fruit; a seller of fruits.
Fruit"er*ess, n. A woman who sells fruit.
Fruit"er*y (?), n.; pl. Fruiteries (#). [F. fruiterie place where fruit is kept, in OF. also, fruitage.]
1. Fruit, taken collectively; fruitage. J. Philips.
2. A repository for fruit. Johnson.
Fruit"es*tere (?), n. A fruiteress. [Obs.]
Fruit"ful (?), a. Full of fruit; producing fruit abundantly; bearing results; prolific; fertile; liberal; bountiful; as, a fruitful tree, or season, or soil; a fruitful wife. -- Fruit"ful*ly, adv. -- Fruit"ful*ness, n.
Be fruitful and multiply and replenish the earth.
Gen. i. 28.
[Nature] By disburdening grows More fruitful.
Milton.
The great fruitfulness of the poet's fancy.
Addison.
Syn. -- Fertile; prolific; productive; fecund; plentiful; rich; abundant; plenteous. See Fertile.
Fruit"ing, a. Pertaining to, or producing, fruit.
Fruit"ing, n. The bearing of fruit.
Fru*i"tion (?), n. [OF. fruition, L. fruitio, enjoyment, fr. L. frui, p. p. fruitus, to use or enjoy. See Fruit, n.] Use or possession of anything, especially such as is accompanied with pleasure or satisfaction; pleasure derived from possession or use. "Capacity of fruition." Rogers. "Godlike fruition." Milton.
Where I may have fruition of her love.
Shak.
Fru"i*tive (?), a. [See Fruition.] Enjoying; possessing. [Obs.] Boyle.
Fruit"less (?), a. 1. Lacking, or not bearing, fruit; barren; destitute of offspring; as, a fruitless tree or shrub; a fruitless marriage. Shak.
2. Productive of no advantage or good effect; vain; idle; useless; unprofitable; as, a fruitless attempt; a fruitless controversy.
They in mutual accusation spent The fruitless hours.
Milton.
Syn. -- Useless; barren; unprofitable; abortive; ineffectual; vain; idle; profitless. See Useless.
-- Fruit"less*ly, adv. -- Fruit"lness*ness, n.
Fruit'y (?), a. Having the odor, taste, or appearance of fruit; also, fruitful. Dickens.
Fru"men*ta"ceous (?), a. [L. frumentaceus, fr. frumentum corn or grain, from the root of frux fruit: cf. F. frumentacÈ. See Frugal.] Made of, or resembling, wheat or other grain.
Fru`men*ta"ri*ous (?), a. [L. frumentarius.] Of or pertaining to wheat or grain. [R.] Coles.
Fru`men*ta"tion (?), n. [L. frumentatio.] (Rom. Antiq.) A largess of grain bestowed upon the people, to quiet them when uneasy.
Fru"men*ty (?), n. [OF. fromentÈe, fr. L. frumentum. See Frumentaceous.] Food made of hulled wheat boiled in milk, with sugar, plums, etc. [Written also furmenty and furmity.] Halliwell.
Frump (?), v. t. [Cf. Prov. E. frumple to wrinkle, ruffle, D. frommelen.] To insult; to flout; to mock; to snub. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
Frump, n. 1. A contemptuous speech or piece of conduct; a gibe or flout. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
2. A cross, old-fashioned person; esp., an old woman; a gossip. [Colloq.] Halliwell.
Frump"er (?), n. A mocker. [Obs.] Cotgrave.
Frump"ish, a. 1. Cross-tempered; scornful. [Obs.]
2. Old-fashioned, as a woman's dress.
Our Bell . . . looked very frumpish.
Foote.
Frush (?), v. t. [F. froisser to bruise. Cf. Froise.] To batter; to break in pieces. [Obs.]
I like thine armor well; I'll frush it and unlock the rivets all.
Shak.
Frush, a. Easily broken; brittle; crisp.
Frush, n. Noise; clatter; crash. [R.] Southey.
Frush, n. [Cf. OE. frosch, frosk, a frog (the animal), G. frosch frog (the animal), also carney or lampass of horses. See Frog, n., 2.] 1. (Far.) The frog of a horse's foot.
2. A discharge of a fetid or ichorous matter from the frog of a horse's foot; -- also caled thrush.
Frus"tra*ble (?), a. [L. frustrabilis: cf. F. frustable.] Capable of beeing frustrated or defeated.
Frus*tra"ne*ous (?), a. [See Frustrate, a.] Vain; useless; unprofitable. [Obs.] South.
Frus"trate (?), a. [L. frustratus, p. p. of frustrare, frustrari, to deceive, frustrate, fr. frustra in vain, witout effect, in erorr, prob. for frudtra and akin to fraus, E. fraud.] Vain; ineffectual; useless; unprofitable; null; voil; nugatory; of no effect. "Our frustrate search." Shak.
Frus"trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frustrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frustrating.] 1. To bring to nothing; to prevent from attaining a purpose; to disappoint; to defeat; to baffle; as, to frustrate a plan, design, or attempt; to frustrate the will or purpose.
Shall the adversary thus obtain His end and frustrate thine ?
Milton.
2. To make null; to nullifly; to render invalid or of no effect; as, to frustrate a conveyance or deed.
Syn. -- To balk; thwart; foil; baffle; defeat.
Frus"trate*ly (?), adv. In vain. [Obs.] Vicars.
Frus*tra"tion (?), n. [L. frustratio: cf. OF. frustration.] The act of frustrating; disappointment; defeat; as, the frustration of one's designs
Frus"tra*tive (?), a. Tending to defeat; fallacious. [Obs.] Ainsworth.
Frus"tra*to*ry (?), a. [L. frustratorius: cf. F. frustratoire.] Making void; rendering null; as, a frustratory appeal. [Obs.] Ayliffe.
Frus"tule (?), n. [L. frustulum, dim. fr. frustum a piece: cf. F. frustule.] (Bot.) The siliceous shell of a diatom. It is composed of two valves, one overlapping the other, like a pill box and its cover.
Frus"tu*lent (?), a. [L. frustulentus. See Frustule.] Abounding in fragments. [R.]
||Frus"tum (?), n.; pl. L. Frusta (#), E. Frustums (#). [L. fruslum ||piece, bit.]
1. (Geom.) The part of a solid next the base, formed by cutting off the, top; or the part of any solid, as of a cone, pyramid, etc., between two planes, which may be either parallel or inclined to each other.
2. (Arch.) One of the drums of the shaft of a column.
Frut"age (?), n. [Cf. Fruitage.] 1. A picture of fruit; decoration by representation of fruit.
The cornices consist of frutages and festoons.
Evelyn.
2. A confection of fruit. [Obs.] Nares.
Fru*tes"cent (?), a. [L. frutex, fruticis, shrub, bush: cf. F. frutescent, L. fruticescens, p. pr.] (Bot.) Somewhat shrubby in character; imperfectly shrubby, as the American species of Wistaria.
||Fru"tex (?), n. [L.] (Bot.) A plant having a woody, durable stem, but ||less than a tree; a shrub.
Fru"ti*cant (?), a. [L. fruticans, p. pr. of fruticare, to become bushy, fr. frutex, fruticis, shrub.] Full of shoots. [Obs.] Evelyn.
Fru"ti*cose` (?), a. [L. fruticosus, from frutex, fruticis, shrub] (Bot.) Pertaining to a shrub or shrubs; branching like a shrub; shrubby; shrublike; as, a fruticose stem. Gray.
Fru"ti*cous (?), a. (Bot.) Fruticose. [R.]
Fru*tic"u*lose` (?), a. [Dim. fr. L. fruticosus bushy: cf. F. fruticuleux.] (Bot.) Like, or pertaining to, a small shrub. Gray.
Fry (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frying.] [OE. frien, F. frire, fr. L. frigere to roast, parch, fry, cf. Gr. &?;, Skr. bhrajj. Cf. Fritter.] To cook in a pan or on a griddle (esp. with the use of fat, butter, or olive oil) by heating over a fire; to cook in boiling lard or fat; as, to fry fish; to fry doughnuts.
Fry, v. i. 1. To undergo the process of frying; to be subject to the action of heat in a frying pan, or on a griddle, or in a kettle of hot fat.
2. To simmer; to boil. [Obs.]
With crackling flames a caldron fries.
Dryden
The frothy billows fry.
Spenser.
3. To undergo or cause a disturbing action accompanied with a sensation of heat.
To keep the oil from frying in the stomach.
Bacon.
4. To be agitated; to be greatly moved. [Obs.]
What kindling motions in their breasts do fry.
Fairfax.
Fry, n. 1. A dish of anything fried.
2. A state of excitement; as, to be in a fry. [Colloq.]
Fry, n. [OE. fri, fry, seed, descendants, cf. OF. froye spawning, spawn of. fishes, little fishes, fr. L. fricare tosub (see Friction), but cf. also Icel. frÊ, frj, seed, Sw. & Dan. frˆ, Goth. fraiw seed, descendants.]
1. (Zoˆl.) The young of any fish.
2. A swarm or crowd, especially of little fishes; young or small things in general.
The fry of children young.
Spenser.
To sever . . . the good fish from the other fry.
Milton.
We have burned two frigates, and a hundred and twenty small fry.
Walpole.
Fry"ing, n. The process denoted by the verb fry.
Frying pan, an iron pan with a long handle, used for frying meat, vegetables, etc.
Fu"age (?), n. Same as Fumage.
Fu"ar (?), n. Same as Feuar.
Fub (?), Fubs (&?;), n. [Cf. Fob a pocket.] A plump young person or child. [Obs.] Smart.
Fub, v. t. [The same word as fob to cheat.] To put off by trickery; to cheat. [Obs.]
I have been fubbed off, and fubbed off, and fabbed off, from this day to that day.
Shak.
Fub"ber*y (?), n. Cheating; deception. Marston.
{ Fub"by (?), Fub"sy (?) } a. Plump; chubby; short and stuffy; as a fubsy sofa. [Eng.]
A fubsy, good-humored, silly . . . old maid.
Mme. D'Arblay.
{ Fu"cate (?), Fu"ca*ted (?) } a. [L. fucatus, p. p. of fucare to color, paint, fr. fucus.] Painted; disguised with paint, or with false show.
||Fuchs (?), n. [G., prop., a fox.] (German Univ.) A student of the ||first year.
Fuch"si*a (?), n.; pl. E. Fuchsias (#), L. FuchsiÊ (#). [NL. Named after Leonard Fuchs, a German botanist.] (Bot.) A genus of flowering plants having elegant drooping flowers, with four sepals, four petals, eight stamens, and a single pistil. They are natives of Mexico and South America. Double- flowered varieties are now common in cultivation.
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Fuch"sine (?), n. [Named by the French inventor, from Fuchs a fox, the German equivalent of his own name, Renard.] (Chem.) Aniline red; an artificial coal-tar dyestuff, of a metallic green color superficially, resembling cantharides, but when dissolved forming a brilliant dark red. It consists of a hydrochloride or acetate of rosaniline. See Rosaniline.
Fu*civ"o*rous (?), a. [Fucus + L. vorare to eat.] (Zoˆl.) Eating fucus or other seaweeds.
Fu"coid (?), a. [Fucus + - oid.] (Bot.) (a) Properly, belonging to an order of alga: (FucoideÊ) which are blackish in color, and produce oˆspores which are not fertilized until they have escaped from the conceptacle. The common rockweeds and the gulfweed (Sargassum) are fucoid in character. (b) In a vague sense, resembling seaweeds, or of the nature of seaweeds.
Fu"coid, n. (Bot.) A plant, whether recent or fossil, which resembles a seaweed. See Fucoid, a.
Fu*coid"al (?), a. 1. (Bot.) Fucoid.
2. (Geol.) Containing impressions of fossil fucoids or seaweeds; as, fucoidal sandstone.
Fu"cus (?), n.; pl. Fuci (#). [L. rock lichen, orchil, used as a red dye, red or purple color, disguise, deceit.] 1. A paint; a dye; also, false show. [Obs.]
2. (Bot.) A genus of tough, leathery seaweeds, usually of a dull brownish green color; rockweed.
Formerly most marine algÊ were called fuci.
Fu"cu*sol (?), n. [Fucus + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) An oily liquid, resembling, and possibly identical with, furfurol, and obtained from fucus, and other seaweeds.
Fud (?), n. [Of uncertain origin.] 1. The tail of a hare, coney, etc. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Burns.
2. Woolen waste, for mixing with mungo and shoddy.
Fud"der (?), n. See Fodder, a weight.
Fud"dle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p., Fuddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fuddling (?).] [Perh. formed as a kind of dim. of full. Cf. Fuzzle.] To make foolish by drink; to cause to become intoxicated. [Colloq.]
I am too fuddled to take care to observe your orders.
Steele.
Fud"dle, v. i. To drink to excess. [Colloq.]
Fud"dler (?), n. A drunkard. [Colloq.] Baxter.
Fudge (?), n. [Cf. Prov. F. fuche, feuche, an interj. of contempt.] A made-up story; stuff; nonsense; humbug; -- often an exclamation of contempt.
Fudge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fudged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fudging.] 1. To make up; to devise; to contrive; to fabricate; as, he never did the experiment, and merely fudged the data.
Fudged up into such a smirkish liveliness.
N. Fairfax.
2. To foist; to interpolate.
That last "suppose" is fudged in.
Foote.
Fudge" wheel" (?). (Shoemaking) A tool for ornamenting the edge of a sole.
Fu*e"gi*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Terra del Fuego. -- n. A native of Terra del Fuego.
Fu"el (?), n. [OF. fouail, fuail, or fouaille, fuaille, LL. focalium, focale, fr. L. focus hearth, fireplace, in LL., fire. See Focus.] [Formerly written also fewel.] 1. Any matter used to produce heat by burning; that which feeds fire; combustible matter used for fires, as wood, coal, peat, etc.
2. Anything that serves to feed or increase passion or excitement.
Artificial fuel, fuel consisting of small particles, as coal dust, sawdust, etc., consolidated into lumps or blocks.
Fu"el, v. t. 1. To feed with fuel. [Obs.]
Never, alas I the dreadful name, That fuels the infernal flame.
Cowley.
2. To store or furnish with fuel or firing. [Obs.]
Well watered and well fueled.
Sir H. Wotton.
Fu"el*er (?), n. One who, or that which, supplies fuel. [R.] [Written also fueller.] Donne.
||Fu*e"ro (?), n. [Sp., fr. L. forum.] (Sp. Law) (a) A code; a charter; ||a grant of privileges. (b) A custom having the force of law. (c) A ||declaration by a magistrate. (d) A place where justice is ||administered. (e) The jurisdiction of a tribunal. Burrill.
Fuff (?), v. t. & i. [Of imitative origin. Cf. Puff.] To puff. [Prov. Eng. A Local, U. S.] Halliwel.
Fuff"y, a. Light; puffy. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U. S.]
||Fu"ga (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) A fugue.
Fu*ga"cious (?), a. [L. fugax, fugacis, from fugere: cf. F. fugace. See Fugitive.] 1. Flying, or disposed to fly; fleeing away; lasting but a short time; volatile.
Much of its possessions is so hid, so fugacious, and of so uncertain purchase.
Jer. Taylor.
2. (Biol.) Fleeting; lasting but a short time; -- applied particularly to organs or parts which are short-lived as compared with the life of the individual.
Fu*ga"cious*ness, n. Fugacity. [Obs.]
Fu*gac"i*ty (?), a. [L fugacitas: cf. F. fugacitÈ.] 1. The quality of being fugacious; fugaclousness; volatility; as, fugacity of spirits. Boyle.
2. Uncertainty; instability. Johnson.
Fu"ga*cy (?), n. Banishment. [Obs.] Milton.
||Fu*ga"to (?), a. (Mus.) in the gugue style, but not strictly like a ||fugue. -- n. A composition resembling a fugue.
Fugh (?), interj. An exclamation of disgust; foh; faugh. Dryden.
||Fu*ghet"ta (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) a short, condensed fugue. Grove.
Fu"gi*tive (?), a. [OE. fugitif, F. fugitif, fr. L. fugitivus, fr. fugere to flee. See Bow to bend, and cf. Feverfew.] 1. Fleeing from pursuit, danger, restraint, etc., escaping, from service, duty etc.; as, a fugitive solder; a fugitive slave; a fugitive debtor.
The fugitive Parthians follow.
Shak.
Can a fugitive daughter enjoy herself while her parents are in tear?
Richardson
A libellous pamphlet of a fugitive physician.
Sir H. Wotton.
2. Not fixed; not durable; liable to disappear or fall away; volatile; uncertain; evanescent; liable to fade; -- applied to material and immaterial things; as, fugitive colors; a fugitive idea.
The me more tender and fugitive parts, the leaves . . . of vegatables.
Woodward.
Fugitive compositions, Such as are short and occasional, and so published that they quickly escape notice.
Syn. -- Fleeting; unstable; wandering; uncertain; volatile; fugacious; fleeing; evanescent.
Fu"gi*tive (?), n. 1. One who flees from pursuit, danger, restraint, service, duty, etc.; a deserter; as, a fugitive from justice.
2. Something hard to be caught or detained.
Or Catch that airy fugitive called wit.
Harte.
Fugitive from justice (Law), one who, having committed a crime in one jurisdiction, flees or escapes into another to avoid punishment.
Fu"gi*tive*ly, adv. In a fugitive manner.
Fu"gi*tive*ness, n. The quality or condition of being fugitive; evanescence; volatility; fugacity; instability.
Fu"gle (?), v. i. To maneuver; to move hither and thither. [Colloq.]
Wooden arms with elbow joints jerking and fugling in the air.
Carlyle.
Fu"gle*man (?), n.; pl. Fuglemen (#). [G. fl¸gelmann file leader; fl¸gel wing (akin to E. fly) + mann man. Cf. Flugrelman.] 1. (Mil.) A soldier especially expert and well drilled, who takes his place in front of a military company, as a guide for the others in their exercises; a file leader. He originally stood in front of the right wing. [Written also flugelman.]
2. Hence, one who leads the way. [Jocose]
Fugue (?), n. [F., fr. It. fuga, fr. L. fuga a fleeing, flight, akin to fugere to fiee. See Fugitive.] (Mus.) A polyphonic composition, developed from a given theme or themes, according to strict contrapuntal rules. The theme is first given out by one voice or part, and then, while that pursues its way, it is repeated by another at the interval of a fifth or fourth, and so on, until all the parts have answered one by one, continuing their several melodies and interweaving them in one complex progressive whole, in which the theme is often lost and reappears.
All parts of the scheme are eternally chasing each other, like the parts of a fugue.
Jer. Taylor.
Fu"guist (?), n. (Mus.) A musician who composes or performs fugues. Busby.
-ful (?). [See Full, a.] A suffix signifying full of, abounding with; as, boastful, harmful, woeful.
Fu"lahs`, Foo"lahs` (&?;), n. pl.; sing. Fulah, Foolah (&?;). (Ethnol.) A peculiar African race of uncertain origin, but distinct from the negro tribes, inhabiting an extensive region of Western Soudan. Their color is brown or yellowish bronze. They are Mohammedans. Called also Fellatahs, Foulahs, and Fellani. Fulah is also used adjectively; as, Fulah empire, tribes, language.
Ful"be (?), n. (Ethnol.) Same as Fulahs.
Ful"ci*ble (?), a. [L. fulcire to prop.] Capable of being propped up. [Obs.] Cockeram.
Ful"ci*ment (?), n. [L. fulcimentum, fr. fulcire to prop.] A prop; a fulcrum. [Obs.] Bp. Wilkins.
Ful"cra (?), n. pl. See Fulcrum.
Ful"crate (?), a. [See Fulcrum.] 1. (Bot.) Propped; supported by accessory organs. [R.] Gray.
2. Furnished with fulcrums.
Ful"crum (?), n.; pl. L. Fulcra (#), E. Fulcrums (#). [L., bedpost, fr. fulcire to prop.]
1. A prop or support.
2. (Mech.) That by which a lever is sustained, or about which it turns in lifting or moving a body.
3. (Bot.) An accessory organ such as a tendril, stipule, spine, and the like. [R.] Gray.
4. (Zoˆl.) (a) The horny inferior surface of the lingua of certain insects. (b) One of the small, spiniform scales found on the front edge of the dorsal and caudal fins of many ganoid fishes.
5. (Anat.) The connective tissue supporting the framework of the retina of the eye.
Ful*fill" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fulfilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fulfilling.] [OE. fulfillen, fulfullen, AS. fulfyllan; ful full + fyllan to fill. See Full, a., and Fill, v. t.] [Written also fulfil.] 1. To fill up; to make full or complete. [>Obs.] "Fulfill her week" Gen. xxix. 27.
Suffer thou that the children be fulfilled first, for it is not good to take the bread of children and give to hounds.
Wyclif (Mark vii. 27).
2. To accomplish or carry into effect, as an intention, promise, or prophecy, a desire, prayer, or requirement, etc.; to complete by performance; to answer the requisitions of; to bring to pass, as a purpose or design; to effectuate.
He will, fulfill the desire of them fear him.
Ps. cxlv. 199.
Here Nature seems fulfilled in all her ends.
Milton.
Servants must their masters' minds fulfill.
Shak.
Ful*fill"er (?), n. One who fulfills. South.
Ful*fill"ment (?), n. [Written also fulfilment.]
1. The act of fulfilling; accomplishment; completion; as, the fulfillment of prophecy.
2. Execution; performance; as, the fulfillment of a promise.
Fulgen*cy (?), n. [See fulgent.] Brightness; splendor; glitter; effulgence. Bailey.
Ful"gent (?), a. [L. fulgens, -entis, p. pr. of fulgere to flash, glitter, shine, akin to Gr. &?; to burn. See Phlox, Flagrant.] Exquisitely bright; shining; dazzling; effulgent.
Other Thracians . . . fulgent morions wore.
Glower.
Ful"gent*ly, adv. Dazzlingly; glitteringly.
Ful"gid (?), a. [L. fulgidus. See Fulgent.] Shining; glittering; dazzling. [R.] Pope.
Ful*gid"i*ty (?), n. Splendor; resplendence; effulgence. [R.] Bailey.
Ful"gor (?), n. [L. fulgor, fr. fulgere to shine.] Dazzling brightness; splendor. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
Ful"gu*rant (?) a. [L. fulgurans, p. pr. of fulgurare.] Lightening. [R.] Dr. H. More.
||Ful"gu*ra"ta (?), n. [NL.] (Electricity) A spectro-electric tube in ||which the decomposition of a liquid by the passage of an electric ||spark is observed. Knight.
Ful"gu*rate (?), v. i. [L. fulguratus, p. p. of fulgurare to flash, fr. fulgur lightning, fr. fulgere to shine. See Fulgent.] To flash as lightning. [R.]
Ful"gu*ra`ting (?), a. (Med.) Resembling lightning; -- used to describe intense lancinating pains accompanying locomotor ataxy.
Ful"gu*ra`tion (?), n. [L. fulguratio: cf. F. fulguration.] 1. The act of lightening. [R.] Donne.
2. (Assaying) The sudden brightening of a fused globule of gold or silver, when the last film of the oxide of lead or copper leaves its surface; -- also called blick.
A phenomenon called, by the old chemists, fulguration.
Ure.
Ful"gu*rite (?), n. [L. fulguritus, p. p. of fulgurire to strike with lightning, fr. fulgur lightning: cf. F. fulgurite.] A vitrified sand tube produced by the striking of lightning on sand; a lightning tube; also, the portion of rock surface fused by a lightning discharge.
Ful"gu*ry (?), n. [L. fulgur.] Lightning. [Obs.]
Ful"ham (?), n. [So named because supposed to have been chiefly made at Fulham, in Middlesex, Eng.] A false die. [Cant] [Written also fullam.] Shak.
Fu*lig"i*nos"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. fuliginositÈ.] The condition or quality of being fuliginous; sootiness; matter deposited by smoke. [R.]
Fu*lig"i*nous (?), a. [L. fuliginosus, from fuligo soot: cf. F. fuligineux. See Fume.] 1. Pertaining to soot; sooty; dark; dusky.
2. Pertaining to smoke; resembling smoke.
Fu*lig"i*nous*ly, adv. In a smoky manner.
Fu"li*mart (?), n. Same as Foumart.
Full (fl), a. [Compar. Fuller (-r); superl. Fullest.] [OE. & AS. ful; akin to OS. ful, D. vol, OHG. fol, G. voll, Icel. fullr, Sw. full, Dan. fuld, Goth. fulls, L. plenus, Gr. plh`rhs, Skr. pna full, pr to fill, also to Gr. poly`s much, E. poly-, pref., G. viel, AS. fela. √80. Cf. Complete, Fill, Plenary, Plenty.] 1. Filled up, having within its limits all that it can contain; supplied; not empty or vacant; -- said primarily of hollow vessels, and hence of anything else; as, a cup full of water; a house full of people.
Had the throne been full, their meeting would not have been regular.
Blackstone.
2. Abundantly furnished or provided; sufficient in quantity, quality, or degree; copious; plenteous; ample; adequate; as, a full meal; a full supply; a full voice; a full compensation; a house full of furniture.
3. Not wanting in any essential quality; complete; entire; perfect; adequate; as, a full narrative; a person of full age; a full stop; a full face; the full moon.
It came to pass, at the end of two full years, that Pharaoh dreamed.
Gen. xii. 1.
The man commands Like a full soldier.
Shak.
I can not Request a fuller satisfaction Than you have freely granted.
Ford.
4. Sated; surfeited.
I am full of the burnt offerings of rams.
Is. i. 11.
5. Having the mind filled with ideas; stocked with knowledge; stored with information.
Reading maketh a full man.
Bacon.
6. Having the attention, thoughts, etc., absorbed in any matter, and the feelings more or less excited by it, as, to be full of some project.
Every one is full of the miracles done by cold baths on decayed and weak constitutions.
Locke.
7. Filled with emotions.
The heart is so full that a drop overfills it.
Lowell.
8. Impregnated; made pregnant. [Obs.]
Ilia, the fair, . . . full of Mars.
Dryden.
At full, when full or complete. Shak. -- Full age (Law) the age at which one attains full personal rights; majority; -- in England and the United States the age of 21 years. Abbott. -- Full and by (Naut.), sailing closehauled, having all the sails full, and lying as near the wind as poesible. -- Full band (Mus.), a band in which all the instruments are employed. -- Full binding, the binding of a book when made wholly of leather, as distinguished from half binding. -- Full bottom, a kind of wig full and large at the bottom. -- Full brother or sister, a brother or sister having the same parents as another. -- Full cry (Hunting), eager chase; -- said of hounds that have caught the scent, and give tongue together. -- Full dress, the dress prescribed by authority or by etiquette to be worn on occasions of ceremony. -- Full hand (Poker), three of a kind and a pair. -- Full moon. (a) The moon with its whole disk illuminated, as when opposite to the sun. (b) The time when the moon is full. -- Full organ (Mus.), the organ when all or most stops are out. -- Full score (Mus.), a score in which all the parts for voices and instruments are given. -- Full sea, high water. -- Full swing, free course; unrestrained liberty; "Leaving corrupt nature to . . . the full swing and freedom of its own extravagant actings." South (Colloq.) -- In full, at length; uncontracted; unabridged; written out in words, and not indicated by figures. -- In full blast. See under Blast.
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Full (?), n. Complete measure; utmost extent; the highest state or degree.
The swan's-down feather, That stands upon the swell at full of tide.
Shak.
Full of the moon, the time of full moon.
Full, adv. Quite; to the same degree; without abatement or diminution; with the whole force or effect; thoroughly; completely; exactly; entirely.
The pawn I proffer shall be full as good.
Dryden.
The diapason closing full in man.
Dryden.
Full in the center of the sacred wood.
Addison.
Full is placed before adjectives and adverbs to heighten or strengthen their signification. "Full sad." Milton. "Master of a full poor cell." Shak. "Full many a gem of purest ray serene." T. Gray.
Full is also prefixed to participles to express utmost extent or degree; as, full-bloomed, full-blown, full-crammed full-grown, full-laden, full-stuffed, etc. Such compounds, for the most part, are self-defining.
Full, v. i. To become full or wholly illuminated; as, the moon fulls at midnight.
Full, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fulled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fulling.] [OE. fullen, OF. fuler, fouler, F. fouler, LL. fullare, fr. L. fullo fuller, cloth fuller, cf. Gr. &?; shining, white, AS. fullian to whiten as a fuller, to baptize, fullere a fuller. Cf. Defile to foul, Foil to frustrate, Fuller. n. ] To thicken by moistening, heating, and pressing, as cloth; to mill; to make compact; to scour, cleanse, and thicken in a mill.
Full, v. i. To become fulled or thickened; as, this material fulls well.
Full"age (?), n. The money or price paid for fulling or cleansing cloth. Johnson.
Ful"lam (?), n. A false die. See Fulham.
Full"-blood`ed (?), a. 1. Having a full supply of blood.
2. Of pure blood; thoroughbred; as, a full-blooded horse.
Full"-bloomed` (?), a. Like a perfect blossom. "Full-bloomed lips." Crashaw.
Full"-blown` (?), a. 1. Fully expanded, as a blossom; as, a full-bloun rose. Denham.
2. Fully distended with wind, as a sail. Dryden.
Full"-bot"tomed (?), a. 1. Full and large at the bottom, as wigs worn by certain civil officers in Great Britain.
2. (Naut.) Of great capacity below the water line.
Full"-butt" (?), adv. With direct and violent opposition; with sudden collision. [Colloq.] L'Estrange.
Full`-drive" (?), adv. With full speed. [Colloq.]
Full"er (?), n. [AS. fullere, fr. L. fullo. See Full, v. t.] One whose occupation is to full cloth.
Fuller's earth, a variety of clay, used in scouring and cleansing cloth, to imbibe grease. -- Fuller's herb (Bot.), the soapwort (Saponaria officinalis), formerly used to remove stains from cloth. -- Fuller's thistle or weed (Bot.), the teasel (Dipsacus fullonum) whose burs are used by fullers in dressing cloth. See Teasel.
Full"er, n. [From Full, a.] (Blacksmith's Work) A die; a half- round set hammer, used for forming grooves and spreading iron; -- called also a creaser.
Full"er, v. t. To form a groove or channel in, by a fuller or set hammer; as, to fuller a bayonet.
Full"er*y (?), n.; pl. Fulleries (&?;). The place or the works where the fulling of cloth is carried on.
Full"-formed` (?), a. Full in form or shape; rounded out with flesh.
The full-formed maids of Afric.
Thomson.
Full"-grown` (?), a. Having reached the limits of growth; mature. "Full-grown wings." Lowell.
Full"-heart`ed (?), a. Full of courage or confidence. Shak.
Full"-hot` (?), a. Very fiery. Shak.
Full"ing, n. The process of cleansing, shrinking, and thickening cloth by moisture, heat, and pressure.
Fulling mill, a mill for fulling cloth as by means of pesties or stampers, which alternately fall into and rise from troughs where the cloth is placed with hot water and fuller's earth, or other cleansing materials.
Full"-manned` (?), a. Completely furnished wiith men, as a ship.
Full"mart" (?), n. See Foumart. B. Jonson.
Full"ness, n. The state of being full, or of abounding; abundance; completeness. [Written also fulness.]
"In thy presence is fullness of joy."
Ps. xvi. 11.
Ful*lon"i*cal (?), a. [L. fullonicus, from fullo a cloth fuller.] Pertaining to a fuller of cloth. [Obs.] Blount.
Full"-orbed` (&?;), a. Having the orb or disk complete or fully illuminated; like the full moon.
Full"-sailed` (?), a. Having all its sails set,; hence, without restriction or reservation. Massinger.
Full"-winged` (?), a. 1. Having large and strong or complete wings. Shak.
2. Ready for flight; eager. [Archaic] Beau. & Fl.
Ful"ly (?), adv. In a full manner or degree; completely; entirely; without lack or defect; adequately; satisfactorily; as, to be fully persuaded of the truth of a proposition.
Fully committed (Law), committed to prison for trial, in distinction from being detained for examination.
Syn. -- Completely; entirely; maturely; plentifully; abundantly; plenteously; copiously; largely; amply; sufficiently; clearly; distinctly; perfectly.
Ful"mar (flm‰r), n. [Icel. flmr. See foul, and Man a gull.] (Zoˆl.) One of several species of sea birds, of the family ProcellariidÊ, allied to the albatrosses and petrels. Among the well-known species are the arctic fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) (called also fulmar petrel, malduck, and mollemock), and the giant fulmar (Ossifraga gigantea).
Ful"mi*nant (?), a. [L. fulminans, p. pr. of fulminare to lighten: cf. F. fulminant.] Thundering; fulminating. [R.] Bailey.
Ful"mi*nate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fulminated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fulminating.] [L. fulminatus, p. p. of fulminare to lighten, strike with lightning, fr. fulmen thunderbolt, fr. fulgere to shine. See Fulgent, and cf. Fulmine.] 1. To thunder; hence, to make a loud, sudden noise; to detonate; to explode with a violent report.
2. To issue or send forth decrees or censures with the assumption of supreme authority; to thunder forth menaces.
Ful"mi*nate, v. t. 1. To cause to explode. Sprat.
2. To utter or send out with denunciations or censures; -- said especially of menaces or censures uttered by ecclesiastical authority.
They fulminated the most hostile of all decrees.
De Quincey.
Ful"mi*nate (?), n. [Cf. P. fulminate. See Fulminate, v. i.] (Chem.) (a) A salt of fulminic acid. See under Fulminic. (b) A fulminating powder.
Fulminate of gold, an explosive compound of gold; -- called also fulminating gold, and aurum fulminans.
Ful"mi*na"ting (?), a. 1. Thundering; exploding in a peculiarly sudden or violent manner.
2. Hurling denunciations, menaces, or censures.
Fulminating oil, nitroglycerin. -- Fulminating powder (Chem.) any violently explosive powder, but especially one of the fulminates, as mercuric fulminate.
Ful"mi*na`tion (?), n. [L. fulminatio a darting of lightning: cf. F. fulmination.] 1. The act of fulminating or exploding; detonation.
2. The act of thundering forth threats or censures, as with authority.
3. That which is fulminated or thundered forth; vehement menace or censure.
The fulminations from the Vatican were turned into ridicule.
Ayliffe.
Ful"mi*na*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. fulminatoire.] Thundering; striking terror. Cotgrave.
Ful"mine (?), v. i. [F. fulminer. See Fulminate, v.] To thunder. [Obs.] Spenser. Milton.
Ful"mine, v. t. To shoot; to dart like lightning; to fulminate; to utter with authority or vehemence.
She fulmined out her scorn of laws Salique.
Tennyson.
Ful*min"e*ous (?), a. [L. fulmen thunder.] Of, or concerning thunder.
Ful*min"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. fulminique.] Pertaining to fulmination; detonating; specifically (Chem.), pertaining to, derived from, or denoting, an acid, so called; as, fulminic acid.
Fulminic acid (Chem.), a complex acid, H2C2N2O2, isomeric with cyanic and cyanuric acids, and not known in the free state, but forming a large class of highly explosive salts, the fulminates. Of these, mercuric fulminate, the most common, is used, mixed with niter, to fill percussion caps, charge cartridges, etc. Fulminic acid is made by the action of nitric acid on alcohol.
Ful"mi*nu"ric (?), a. [Fulminic + cyanuric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to fulminic and cyanuric acids, and designating an acid so called.
Fulminuric acid (Chem.), a white, crystalline, explosive substance, H3C3N3O3, forming well known salts, and obtained from the fulminates. It is isomeric with cyanuric acid, and hence is also called isocyanuric acid.
Ful"ness (?), n. See Fullness.
Ful*sam"ic (?), a. [See Fulsome.] Fulsome. [Obs.]
Ful"some (?), a. [Full, a. + -some.] 1. Full; abundant; plenteous; not shriveled. [Obs.]
His lean, pale, hoar, and withered corpse grew fulsome, fair, and fresh.
Golding.
2. Offending or disgusting by overfullness, excess, or grossness; cloying; gross; nauseous; esp., offensive from excess of praise; as, fulsome flattery.
And lest the fulsome artifice should fail Themselves will hide its coarseness with a veil.
Cowper.
3. Lustful; wanton; obscene; also, tending to obscenity. [Obs.] "Fulsome ewes." Shak.
-- Ful"some*ly, adv. -- Ful"some*ness, n. Dryden.
Ful"vid (?), a. [LL. fulvidus, fr. L. fulvus.] Fulvous. [R.] Dr. H. More.
Ful"vous (?), a. [L. fulvus.] Tawny; dull yellow, with a mixture of gray and brown. Lindley.
Fum (?), v. i. To play upon a fiddle. [Obs.]
Follow me, and fum as you go.
B. Jonson.
Fu*ma"cious (?), a. [From Fume.] Smoky; hence, fond of smoking; addicted to smoking tobacco.
Fu*made" (?), Fu*ma"do (&?;), n.; pl. Fumades (#), Fumadoes (#). [Sp. fumodo smoked, p. p. of fumar to smoke, fr. L. fumare. See Fume, v. i.] A salted and smoked fish, as the pilchard.
Fu"mage (?), n. [OF. fumage, fumaige, fr. L. fumus smoke.] Hearth money.
Fumage, or fuage, vulgarly called smoke farthings.
Blackstone.
Fu"ma*rate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of fumaric acid.
Fu*mar"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, fumitory (Fumaria officinalis).
Fumaric acid (Chem.), a widely occurring organic acid, extracted from fumitory as a white crystallline substance, C2H2(CO2H)2, and produced artificially in many ways, as by the distillation of malic acid; boletic acid. It is found also in the lichen, Iceland moss, and hence was also called lichenic acid.
Fu"ma*rine (?), n. [L. fumus smoke, fume.] (Chem.) An alkaloid extracted from fumitory, as a white crystalline substance.
Fu"ma*role (?), n. [It. fumaruola, fr. fumo smoke, L. fumus: cf. F. fumerolle, fumarolle.] A hole or spot in a volcanic or other region, from which fumes issue.
Fu"ma*to*ry (?), n. See Fumitory. [Obs.]
Fum"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fumbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fumbling (?).] [Akin to D. fommelen to crumple, fumble, Sw. fumla to fusuble, famla to grope, Dan. famle to grope, fumble, Icel. falme, AS. folm palm of the hand. See Feel, and cf. Fanble, Palm.] 1. To feel or grope about; to make awkward attempts to do or find something.
Adams now began to fumble in his pockets.
Fielding.
2. To grope about in perplexity; to seek awkwardly; as, to fumble for an excuse. Dryden.
My understanding flutters and my memory fumbles.
Chesterfield.
Alas! how he fumbles about the domains.
Wordsworth.
3. To handle much; to play childishly; to turn over and over.
I saw him fumble with the sheets, and play with flowers.
Shak.
Fum"ble, v. t. To handle or manage awkwardly; to crowd or tumble together. Shak.
Fum"bler (?), n. One who fumbles.
Fum"bling*ly (?), adv. In the manner of one who fumbles.
Fume (fm), n. [L. fumus; akin to Skr. dhma smoke, dh to shake, fan a flame, cf. Gr. qy`ein to sacrifice, storm, rage, qy`mon, qy`mos, thyme, and perh. to E. dust: cf. OF. fum smoke, F. fumÈe. Cf. Dust, n., Femerell, Thyme.] 1. Exhalation; volatile matter (esp. noxious vapor or smoke) ascending in a dense body; smoke; vapor; reek; as, the fumes of tobacco.
The fumes of new shorn hay.
T. Warton.
The fumes of undigested wine.
Dryden.
2. Rage or excitement which deprives the mind of self-control; as, the fumes of passion. South.
3. Anything vaporlike, unsubstantial, or airy; idle conceit; vain imagination.
A show of fumes and fancies.
Bacon.
4. The incense of praise; inordinate flattery.
To smother him with fumes and eulogies.
Burton.
In a fume, in ill temper, esp. from impatience.
Fume, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fuming.] [Cf. F. fumer, L. fumare to smoke. See Fume, n.] 1. To smoke; to throw off fumes, as in combustion or chemical action; to rise up, as vapor.
Where the golden altar fumed.
Milton.
Silenus lay, Whose constant cups lay fuming to his brain.
Roscommon.
2. To be as in a mist; to be dulled and stupefied.
Keep his brain fuming.
Shak.
3. To pass off in fumes or vapors.
Their parts are kept from fuming away by their fixity.
Cheyne.
4. To be in a rage; to be hot with anger.
He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground.
Dryden.
While her mother did fret, and her father did fume.
Sir W. Scott.
To fume away, to give way to excitement and displeasure; to storm; also, to pass off in fumes.
Fume, v. t. 1. To expose to the action of fumes; to treat with vapors, smoke, etc.; as, to bleach straw by fuming it with sulphur; to fill with fumes, vapors, odors, etc., as a room.
She fumed the temple with an odorous flame.
Dryden.
2. To praise inordinately; to flatter.
They demi-deify and fume him so.
Cowper.
3. To throw off in vapor, or as in the form of vapor.
The heat will fume away most of the scent.
Montimer.
How vicious hearts fume frenzy to the brain!
Young.
Fume"less, a. Free from fumes.
Fum"er (?), n. 1. One that fumes.
2. One who makes or uses perfumes. [Obs.]
Embroiderers, feather makers, fumers.
Beau. & Fl.
Fu"mer*ell (?), n. (Arch.) See Femerell.
Fu"met (?), n. [Cf. F. fumier dung, OF. femier, fr. L. fimus dung.] The dung of deer. B. Jonson.
{ Fu"met (?) ||Fu*mette" (?), } n. [F. fumet odor, fume of wine or meat, fr. L. fumus smoke. See Fume, n.] The stench or high flavor of game or other meat when kept long. Swift.
Fu"me*tere" (?), n. Fumitory. [Obs.]
Fu"mid (?), a. [L. fumidus, fr. fumus smoke. See Fume.] Smoky; vaporous. Sir T. Broune.
{ Fu*mid"i*ty (?), Fu"mid*ness (?) } n. The state of being fumid; smokiness.
Fu*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L. fumifer; fumus smoke + ferre to bear.] Producing smoke.
Fu*mif"u*gist (?), n. [L. fumus smoke + fugare to put to flight, fugere to flee.] One who, or that which, drives away smoke or fumes.
Fu"mi*fy (?), v. t. [Fume + - fy.] To subject to the action of smoke. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
Fu"mi*gant (?), a. [L. fumigans, p. pr. of fumigare. See Fumigate.] Fuming. [R.]
Fu"mi*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fumigated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fumigating (?).] [L. fumigate, p. p. of fumigare to fumigate, fr. fumus smoke. See Fume, n.] 1. To apply smoke to; to expose to smoke or vapor; to purify, or free from infection, by the use of smoke or vapors.
2. To smoke; to perfume. Dryden.
Fum`iga"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. fumigation.]
1. The act of fumigating, or applying smoke or vapor, as for disinfection.
2. Vapor raised in the process of fumigating.
Fu"mi*ga`tor (?), n. One who, or that which, fumigates; an apparattus for fumigating.
Fu"mi*ga*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. fumigatoire.] Having the quality of purifying by smoke. [R.]
<! p. 603 !>
Fum"i*ly (?), adv. Smokily; with fume.
Fum"ing, a. Producing fumes, or vapors.
Cadet's fuming liquid (Chem.), alkarsin. -- Fuming liquor of Libavius (Old Chem.), stannic chloride; the chloride of tin, SnCl4, forming a colorless, mobile liquid which fumes in the air. Mixed with water it solidifies to the so-called butter of tin. -- Fuming sulphuric acid. (Chem.) Same as Disulphuric acid, uder Disulphuric.
Fum"ing*ly, adv. In a fuming manner; angrily. "They answer fumingly." Hooker.
Fum"ish, a. Smoky; hot; choleric.
Fum"ish*ness, n. Choler; fretfulness; passion.
Fu"mi*ter` (?), n. (Bot.) Fumitory. [Obs.]
Fu"mi*to*ry (?), n. [OE. fumetere, F. fumeterre, prop., smoke of the ground, fr. L. fumus smoke + terra earth. See Fume, and Terrace.] (Bot.) The common uame of several species of the genus Fumaria, annual herbs of the Old World, with finely dissected leaves and small flowers in dense racemes or spikes. F. officinalis is a common species, and was formerly used as an antiscorbutic.
Climbing fumitory (Bot.), the Alleghany vine (Adlumia cirrhosa); a biennial climbing plant with elegant feathery leaves and large clusters of pretty white or pinkish flowers looking like grains of rice.
Fum"mel (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A hinny.
Fu*mos"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. OF. fumositÈ.] The fumes of drink. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Fum"ous (?), a. [L. fumosus, fr. fumus smoke: cf. F. fumeux.] 1. Producing smoke; smoky.
2. Producing fumes; full of fumes.
Garlic, onions, mustard, and such-like fumous things.
Barough (1625).
Fum"y (?), a. Producing fumes; fumous. "Drowned in fumy wine." H. Brooke.
Fun (?), n. [Perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. fonn pleasure.] Sport; merriment; frolicsome amusement. "Oddity, frolic, and fun." Goldsmith.
To make fun of, to hold up to, or turn into, ridicule.
Fu*nam"bu*late (?), v. i. [See Funambulo.] To walk or to dance on a rope.
Fu*nam"bu*la`tion (?), n. Ropedancing.
Fu*nam"bu*la`to*ry (?), a. 1. Performing like a ropedancer. Chambers.
2. Narrow, like the walk of a ropedancer.
This funambulatory track.
Sir T. Browne.
Fu*nam"bu*list (?), n. A ropewalker or ropedancer.
{ ||Fu*nam"bu*lo (?), ||Fu*nam"bu*lus (?) } n. [Sp. funambulo, or It. funambolo, fr. L. funambulus; funis rope (perh. akin to E. bind) + ambulare to walk. See Amble, and cf. Funambulist.] A ropewalker or ropedancer. [Obs.] Bacon.
Func"tion (?), n. [L. functio, fr. fungi to perform, execute, akin to Skr. bhuj to enjoy, have the use of: cf. F. fonction. Cf. Defunct.] 1. The act of executing or performing any duty, office, or calling; performance. "In the function of his public calling." Swift.
2. (Physiol.) The appropriate action of any special organ or part of an animal or vegetable organism; as, the function of the heart or the limbs; the function of leaves, sap, roots, etc.; life is the sum of the functions of the various organs and parts of the body.
3. The natural or assigned action of any power or faculty, as of the soul, or of the intellect; the exertion of an energy of some determinate kind.
As the mind opens, and its functions spread.
Pope.
4. The course of action which peculiarly pertains to any public officer in church or state; the activity appropriate to any business or profession.
Tradesmen . . . going about their functions.
Shak.
The malady which made him incapable of performing his regal functions.
Macaulay.
5. (Math.) A quantity so connected with another quantity, that if any alteration be made in the latter there will be a consequent alteration in the former. Each quantity is said to be a function of the other. Thus, the circumference of a circle is a function of the diameter. If x be a symbol to which different numerical values can be assigned, such expressions as x2, 3x, Log. x, and Sin. x, are all functions of x.
Algebraic function, a quantity whose connection with the variable is expressed by an equation that involves only the algebraic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, raising to a given power, and extracting a given root; -- opposed to transcendental function. -- Arbitrary function. See under Arbitrary. -- Calculus of functions. See under Calculus. -- Carnot's function (Thermo-dynamics), a relation between the amount of heat given off by a source of heat, and the work which can be done by it. It is approximately equal to the mechanical equivalent of the thermal unit divided by the number expressing the temperature in degrees of the air thermometer, reckoned from its zero of expansion. -- Circular functions. See Inverse trigonometrical functions (below). -- Continuous function, a quantity that has no interruption in the continuity of its real values, as the variable changes between any specified limits. -- Discontinuous function. See under Discontinuous. -- Elliptic functions, a large and important class of functions, so called because one of the forms expresses the relation of the arc of an ellipse to the straight lines connected therewith. -- Explicit function, a quantity directly expressed in terms of the independently varying quantity; thus, in the equations y = 6x2, y = 10 - x3, the quantity y is an explicit function of x. -- Implicit function, a quantity whose relation to the variable is expressed indirectly by an equation; thus, y in the equation x2 + y2 = 100 is an implicit function of x. -- Inverse trigonometrical functions, or Circular function, the lengths of arcs relative to the sines, tangents, etc. Thus, AB is the arc whose sine is BD, and (if the length of BD is x) is written sin -1x, and so of the other lines. See Trigonometrical function (below). Other transcendental functions are the exponential functions, the elliptic functions, the gamma functions, the theta functions, etc. -- One- valued function, a quantity that has one, and only one, value for each value of the variable. -- Transcendental functions, a quantity whose connection with the variable cannot be expressed by algebraic operations; thus, y in the equation y = 10x is a transcendental function of x. See Algebraic function (above). -- Trigonometrical function, a quantity whose relation to the variable is the same as that of a certain straight line drawn in a circle whose radius is unity, to the length of a corresponding are of the circle. Let AB be an arc in a circle, whose radius OA is unity let AC be a quadrant, and let OC, DB, and AF be drawnpependicular to OA, and EB and CG parallel to OA, and let OB be produced to G and F. E Then BD is the sine of the arc AB; OD or EB is the cosine, AF is the tangent, CG is the cotangent, OF is the secant OG is the cosecant, AD is the versed sine, and CE is the coversed sine of the are AB. If the length of AB be represented by x (OA being unity) then the lengths of Functions. these lines (OA being unity) are the trigonometrical functions of x, and are written sin x, cos x, tan x (or tang x), cot x, sec x, cosec x, versin x, coversin x. These quantities are also considered as functions of the angle BOA.
{ Func"tion (?), Func"tion*ate (?), } v. i. To execute or perform a function; to transact one's regular or appointed business.
Func"tion*al (?), a. 1. Pertaining to, or connected with, a function or duty; official.
2. (Physiol.) Pertaining to the function of an organ or part, or to the functions in general.
Functional disease (Med.), a disease of which the symptoms cannot be referred to any appreciable lesion or change of structure; the derangement of an organ arising from a cause, often unknown, external to itself opposed to organic disease, in which the organ itself is affected.
Func"tion*al*ize (?), v. t. To assign to some function or office. [R.]
Func"tion*al*ly, adv. In a functional manner; as regards normal or appropriate activity.
The organ is said to be functionally disordered.
Lawrence.
Func"tion*a*ry (?), n.; pl. Functionaries (#). [Cf. F. fonctionnaire.] One charged with the performance of a function or office; as, a public functionary; secular functionaries.
Func"tion*less, a. Destitute of function, or of an appropriate organ. Darwin.
Fund (?), n. [OF. font, fond, nom. fonz, bottom, ground, F. fond bottom, foundation, fonds fund, fr. L. fundus bottom, ground, foundation, piece of land. See Found to establish.] 1. An aggregation or deposit of resources from which supplies are or may be drawn for carrying on any work, or for maintaining existence.
2. A stock or capital; a sum of money appropriated as the foundation of some commercial or other operation undertaken with a view to profit; that reserve by means of which expenses and credit are supported; as, the fund of a bank, commercial house, manufacturing corporation, etc.
3. pl. The stock of a national debt; public securities; evidences (stocks or bonds) of money lent to government, for which interest is paid at prescribed intervals; -- called also public funds.
4. An invested sum, whose income is devoted to a specific object; as, the fund of an ecclesiastical society; a fund for the maintenance of lectures or poor students; also, money systematically collected to meet the expenses of some permanent object.
5. A store laid up, from which one may draw at pleasure; a supply; a full provision of resources; as, a fund of wisdom or good sense.
An inexhaustible fund of stories.
Macaulay.
Sinking fund, the aggregate of sums of money set apart and invested, usually at fixed intervals, for the extinguishment of the debt of a government, or of a corporation, by the accumulation of interest.
Fund, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Funded; p. pr. & vb. n. Funding.] 1. To provide and appropriate a fund or permanent revenue for the payment of the interest of; to make permanent provision of resources (as by a pledge of revenue from customs) for discharging the interest of or principal of; as, to fund government notes.
2. To place in a fund, as money.
3. To put into the form of bonds or stocks bearing regular interest; as, to fund the floating debt.
Fund"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being funded, or converted into a fund; convertible into bonds.
Fun"da*ment (?), n. [OE. fundament, fundement, fondement, OF. fundement, fondement, F. fondement, fr. L. fundamentum foundation, fr. fundare to lay the bottom, to found, fr. fundus bottom. See Fund.] 1. Foundation. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. The part of the body on which one sits; the buttocks; specifically (Anat.), the anus. Hume.
Fun`da*men"tal (?), a. [Cf. F. fondamental.] Pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation. Hence: Essential, as an element, principle, or law; important; original; elementary; as, a fundamental truth; a fundamental axiom.
The fundamental reasons of this war.
Shak.
Some fundamental antithesis in nature.
Whewell.
Fundamental bass (Mus.), the root note of a chord; a bass formed of the roots or fundamental tones of the chords. -- Fundamental chord (Mus.), a chord, the lowest tone of which is its root. -- Fundamental colors, red, green, and violet-blue. See Primary colors, under Color.
Fun"da*men`tal, n. A leading or primary principle, rule, law, or article, which serves as the groundwork of a system; essential part, as, the fundamentals of the Christian faith.
Fun`da*men"tal*ly, adv. Primarily; originally; essentially; radically; at the foundation; in origin or constituents. "Fundamentally defective." Burke.
Fund"ed (?), a. 1. Existing in the form of bonds bearing regular interest; as, funded debt.
2. Invested in public funds; as, funded money.
Fund"hold"er (?), a. One who has money invested in the public funds. J. S. Mill.
Fund"ing, a. 1. Providing a fund for the payment of the interest or principal of a debt.
2. Investing in the public funds.
Funding system, a system or scheme of finance or revenue by which provision is made for paying the interest or principal of a public debt.
Fund"less, a. Destitute of funds.
||Fun"dus (fn"ds), n. [L., bottom.] (Anat.) The bottom or base of any ||hollow organ; as, the fundus of the bladder; the fundus of the eye.
Fu*ne"bri*al (f*n"br*al), a. [L. funebris belonging to a funeral, fr. funus funeral.] Pertaining to a funeral or funerals; funeral; funereal. [Obs.] [Written also funebral.] Sir T. Browne.
Fu*ne"bri*ous (?), a. Funebrial. [Obs.]
Fu"ner*al (f"nr*al), n. [LL. funeralia, prop. neut. pl. of funeralis of a funeral, fr. L. funus, funeris, funeral: cf. F. funÈrailles.] 1. The solemn rites used in the disposition of a dead human body, whether such disposition be by interment, burning, or otherwise; esp., the ceremony or solemnization of interment; obsequies; burial; -- formerly used in the plural.
King James his funerals were performed very solemnly in the collegiate church at Westminster.
Euller.
2. The procession attending the burial of the dead; the show and accompaniments of an interment. "The long funerals." Pope.
3. A funeral sermon; -- usually in the plural. [Obs.]
Mr. Giles Lawrence preached his funerals.
South.
Fu"ner*al, a. [LL. funeralis. See Funeral, n.] Per. taining to a funeral; used at the interment of the dead; as, funeral rites, honors, or ceremonies. Shak.
Funeral pile, a structure of combustible material, upon which a dead body is placed to be reduced to ashes, as part of a funeral rite; a pyre.
-- Fu"ner*al*ly, adv. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
Fu"ner*ate (?), v. t. [L. funeratus, p. p. of funerare to funerate, fr. funus. See Funeral.] To bury with funeral rites. [Obs.] Cockeram.
Fu`ner*a"tion (?), n. [L. funeratio.] The act of burying with funeral rites. [Obs.] Knatchbull.
Fu*ne"re*al (?), a. [L. funereus, fr. fentus a funeral.] Suiting a funeral; pertaining to burial; solemn. Hence: Dark; dismal; mournful. Jer. Taylor.
What seem to us but sad funereal tapers May be heaven's distant lamps.
Longfellow.
-- Fu*ne"re*al*ly, adv.
Fu*nest" (?), a. [L. funestus, fr. funus a funeral, destruction: cf. F. funeste.] Lamentable; doleful. [R.] "Funest and direful deaths." Coleridge.
A forerunner of something very funest.
Evelyn.
Fun"gal (?), a. Of or pertaining to fungi.
Fun"gate (?), n. [Cf. F. fongate.] (Chem.) A salt of fungic acid. [Formerly written also fungiate.]
Funge (?), n. [L. fungus mushroom, dolt.] A blockhead; a dolt; a fool. [Obs.] Burton.
Fun"gi (?), n. pl. (Bot.) See Fungus.
||Fun"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. L. fungus mushroom: cf. F. fongie.] ||(Zoˆl.) A genus of simple, stony corals; -- so called because they ||are usually flat and circular, with radiating plates, like the gills ||of a mushroom. Some of them are eighteen inches in diameter.
Fun"gi*an (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the FungidÊ, a family of stony corals. -- n. One of the FungidÊ.
Fun"gi*bles (?), n. pl. [LL. (res) fungibiles, probably fr. L. fungi to discharge. "A barbarous term, supposed to have originated in the use of the words functionem recipere in the Digeste." Bouvier. "Called fungibiles, quia una alterius vice fungitur." John Taylor (1755). Cf. Function.] 1. (Civ. Law) Things which may be furnished or restored in kind, as distinguished from specific things; -- called also fungible things. Burrill.
2. (Scots Law) Movable goods which may be valued by weight or measure, in contradistinction from those which must be judged of individually. Jamieson.
Fun"gic (?), a. [L. fungus mushroom: cf. F. fungique, fongique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, mushrooms; as, fungic acid.
Fun"gi*cide` (?), n. [Fungi + -cide, fr. L. caedere to kill.] Anything that kills fungi. -- Fun`gi*ci"dal (#), n.
Fun"gi*form (?), a. [Eungus + -form: cf. F. fongiforme.] Shaped like a fungus or mushroom.
Fungiform papillÊ (Anat.), numerous small, rounded eminences on the upper surface of the tongue.
Fun*gil"li*form (?), a. Shaped like a small fungus.
Fun"gin (?), n. [L. fungus mushroom: cf. F, fongine, fungine.] (Chem.) A name formerly given to cellulose found in certain fungi and mushrooms.
Fun"gite (?), n. [L. fungus mushroom: cf. F. pongite.] (Paleon.) A fossil coral resembling Fungia.
Fun*giv"o*rous (?), a. [L. fungus + vorare to eat greedily: cf. F. fongivore.] (Zoˆl.) Eating fungi; -- said of certain insects and snails.
Fun"goid (?), a. [Fungus + - oil: cf. F. fongoÔde.] Like a fungus; fungous; spongy.
Fun*gol"o*gist (?), n. A mycologist.
Fun*gol"o*gy (?), n. [Fungus + -logy.] Mycology.
Fun*gos"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. fungositÈ, fongositÈ.] The quality of that which is fungous; fungous excrescence. Dunglison.
Fun"gous (?), a. [L. fungosus: cf. F. fungueux.] 1. Of the nature of fungi; spongy.
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2. Growing suddenly, but not substantial or durable.
Fun"gus (?), n.; pl. L. Fungi (#), E. Funguses (#). [L., a mushroom; perh. akin to a doubtful Gr. &?; sponge, for &?;; if so, cf. E. sponge.] 1. (Bot.) Any one of the Fungi, a large and very complex group of thallophytes of low organization, -- the molds, mildews, rusts, smuts, mushrooms, toadstools, puff balls, and the allies of each.
The fungi are all destitute of chorophyll, and, therefore, to be supplied with elaborated nourishment, must live as saprophytes or parasites. They range in size from single microscopic cells to systems of entangled threads many feet in extent, which develop reproductive bodies as large as a man's head. The vegetative system consists of septate or rarely unseptate filaments called hyphÊ; the aggregation of hyphÊ into structures of more or less definite form is known as the mycelium. See Fungi, in the Supplement.
2. (Med.) A spongy, morbid growth or granulation in animal bodies, as the proud flesh of wounds. Hoblyn.
Fu"nic (?), a. (Anat.) Funicular.
Fu"ni*cle (?), n. [L. funiculus, dim. of funis cord, rope: cf. F. funicule funicle (in sense 2). Cf. Funambulo.] (Bot.) 1. A small cord, ligature, or fiber.
2. (Bot.) The little stalk that attaches a seed to the placenta.
Fu*nic"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. funiculaire.]
1. Consisting of a small cord or fiber.
2. Dependent on the tension of a cord.
3. (Anat.) Pertaining to a funiculus; made up of, or resembling, a funiculus, or funiculi; as, a funicular ligament.
Funicular action (Mech.), the force or action exerted by a rope in drawing together the supports to which its ends are Fastened, when acted upon by forces applied in a direction transverse to the rope, as in the archer's bow. -- Funicular curve. Same as Catenary. -- Funicular machine (Mech.), an apparatus for illustrating certain principles in statics, consisting of a cord or chain attached at one end to a fixed point, and having the other passed over a pulley and sustaining a weight, while one or more other weights are suspended from the cord at points between the fixed support and the pulley. -- Funicular polygon (Mech.), the polygonal figure assumed by a cord fastened at its extremities, and sustaining weights at different points.
Fu*nic"u*late (?), a. Forming a narrow ridge.
||Fu*nic"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Funiculi (#). [L., a little cord. See ||Funicle.] 1. (Anat.) A cord, baud, or bundle of fibers; esp., one of ||the small bundles of fibers, of which large nerves are made up; ||applied also to different bands of white matter in the brain and ||spinal cord.
2. (Zoˆl.) (a) A short cord which connects the embryo of some myriapods with the amnion. (b) In Bryozoa, an organ extending back from the stomach. See Bryozoa, and Phylactolema.
Fu*nil"i*form (?), a. [L. funis rope + -form.] (Bot.) Resembling a cord in toughness and flexibility, as the roots of some endogenous trees.
||Fu"nis (?), n. [L., a rope. ] A cord; specifically, the umbilical ||cord or navel string.
Funk (?), n. [OE. funke a little fire; akin to Prov. E. funk touchwood, G. funke spark, and perh. to Goth. f&?;n fire.] An offensive smell; a stench. [Low]
Funk, v. t. To envelop with an offensive smell or smoke. [Obs.] King.
Funk, v. i. 1. To emit an offensive smell; to stink.
2. To be frightened, and shrink back; to flinch; as, to funk at the edge of a precipice. [Colloq.] C. Kingsley.
To funk out, to back out in a cowardly fashion. [Colloq.]
To funk right out o' political strife.
Lowell (Biglow Papers).
{ Funk, Funk"ing, } n. A shrinking back through fear. [Colloq.] "The horrid panic, or funk (as the men of Eton call it)." De Quincey.
Funk"y (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, great fear, or funking. [Colloq. Eng.]
Fun"nel (?), n. [OE. funel, fonel, prob. through OF. fr, L. fundibulum, infundibulum, funnel, fr. infundere to pour in; in in + fundere to pour; cf. Armor. founil funnel, W. ffynel air hole, chimney. See Fuse, v. t.] 1. A vessel of the shape of an inverted hollow cone, terminating below in a pipe, and used for conveying liquids into a close vessel; a tunnel.
2. A passage or avenue for a fluid or flowing substance; specifically, a smoke flue or pipe; the iron chimney of a steamship or the like.
Funnel box (Mining), an apparatus for collecting finely crushed ore from water. Knight. -- Funnel stay (Naut.), one of the ropes or rods steadying a steamer's funnel.
Fun"nel*form` (?), a. (Bot.) Having the form of a funnel, or tunnel; that is, expanding gradually from the bottom upward, as the corolla of some flowers; infundibuliform.
Fun"ny (?), a. [Compar. Funnier (?); superl. Funniest.] [From Fun.] Droll; comical; amusing; laughable.
Funny bone. See crazy bone, under Crazy.
Fun"ny, n.; pl. Funnies (&?;). A clinkerbuit, narrow boat for sculling. [Eng.]
Fur (f˚r), n. [OE. furre, OF. forre, fuerre, sheath, case, of German origin; cf. OHG. fuotar lining, case, G. futter; akin to Icel. fr lining, Goth. fdr, scabbard; cf. Skr. ptra vessel, dish. The German and Icel. words also have the sense, fodder, but this was probably a different word originally. Cf. Fodder food, Fother, v. t., Forel, n.] 1. The short, fine, soft hair of certain animals, growing thick on the skin, and distinguished from the hair, which is longer and coarser.
2. The skins of certain wild animals with the fur; peltry; as, a cargo of furs.
3. Strips of dressed skins with fur, used on garments for warmth or for ornament.
4. pl. Articles of clothing made of fur; as, a set of furs for a lady (a collar, tippet, or cape, muff, etc.).
Wrapped up in my furs.
Lady M. W. Montagu.
5. Any coating considered as resembling fur; as: (a) A coat of morbid matter collected on the tongue in persons affected with fever. (b) The soft, downy covering on the skin of a peach. (c) The deposit formed on the interior of boilers and other vessels by hard water.
6. (Her.) One of several patterns or diapers used as tinctures. There are nine in all, or, according to some writers, only six. See Tincture.
Fur (?), a. Of or pertaining to furs; bearing or made of fur; as, a fur cap; the fur trade.
Fur seal (Zoˆl.) one of several species of seals of the genera Callorhinus and Arclocephalus, inhabiting the North Pacific and the Antarctic oceans. They have a coat of fine and soft fur which is highly prized. The northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) breeds in vast numbers on the Prybilov Islands, off the coast of Alaska; -- called also sea bear.
Fur, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Furring.] 1. To line, face, or cover with fur; as, furred robes. "You fur your gloves with reason." Shak.
2. To cover with morbid matter, as the tongue.
3. (Arch.) To nail small strips of board or larger scantling upon, in order to make a level surface for lathing or boarding, or to provide for a space or interval back of the plastered or boarded surface, as inside an outer wall, by way of protection against damp. Gwill.
Fu*ra"cious (?), a. [L. furax, -racis thievish, from fur thief.] Given to theft; thievish. [Obs.]
Fu*rac"i*ty (?), n. [L. furacitas.] Addictedness to theft; thievishness. [Obs.]
Fur"be*low (?), n. [Prov. F. farbala, equiv. to F. falbala, It. falbal‡.] A plaited or gathered flounce on a woman's garment.
Fur"be*low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furbelowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Furbelowing.] To put a furbelow on; to ornament.
Fur"bish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furbished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Furbishing.] [OE. forbischen, OF. forbir, furbir, fourbir, F. fourbir, fr. OHG. furban to clean. See -ish.] To rub or scour to brightness; to clean; to burnish; as, to furbish a sword or spear. Shak.
Furbish new the name of John a Gaunt.
Shak.
Fur"bish*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being furbished.
Fur"bish*er (?), n. [Cf. F. fourbisseur.] One who furbishes; esp., a sword cutler, who finishes sword blades and similar weapons.
{ Fur"cate (?), Fur"ca*ted (?), } a. [L. furca fork. See Fork.] Forked; branching like a fork; as, furcate twigs.
Fur*ca"tion (?), n. A branching like a fork.
Fur*cif"er*ous (?), a. [L. furcifer yoke bearer, scoundrel; furca fork, yoke, fork-shaped instrument of punishment + ferre to bear.] Rascally; scandalous. [R.] "Furciferous knaves." De Quincey.
||Fur"cu*la (?), n. [L., a forked prop, dim. of furca a fork.] (Anat.) ||A forked process; the wishbone or furculum.
Fur"cu*lar (?), a. Shaped like a fork; furcate.
||Fur"cu*lum (?), n. [NL., dim. of L. furca a fork.] (Anat.) The ||wishbone or merrythought of birds, formed by the united clavicles.
Fur"dle (?), v. t. [See Fardel, and cf. Furl.] To draw up into a bundle; to roll up. [Ods.]
||Fur"fur (?), n. [L.] Scurf; dandruff.
Fur"fu*ra"ceous (?), a. [L. furfuraceus.] Made of bran; like bran; scurfy.
Fur"fu*ran (?), n. [L. furfur bran.] (Chem.) A colorless, oily substance, C4H4O, obtained by distilling certain organic substances, as pine wood, salts of pyromucic acid, etc.; -- called also tetraphenol.
Fur"fu*ra"tion (?), n. [L. furfur bran, scurf.] Falling of scurf from the head; desquamation.
Fur"fu*rine (?), n. (Chem.) A white, crystalline base, obtained indirectly from furfurol.
Fur"fu*rol (?), n. [L. furfur bran + oleum oil.] (Chem.) A colorless oily liquid, C4H3O.CHO, of a pleasant odor, obtained by the distillation of bran, sugar, etc., and regarded as an aldehyde derivative of furfuran; -- called also furfural.
Fur"fu*rous (?), a. Made of bran; furfuraceous. [R.] "Furfurous bread." Sydney Smith.
Fu"ri*al (?), a. [L. furialis: cf. OF. furial.] Furious; raging; tormenting. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Fu`ri*bun"dal (?), a. [L. furibundus, fr. furere to rage.] Full of rage. [Obs.] G. Harvey.
Fu"ries (?), n. pl. See Fury, 3.
Fu"rile (?), n. [Furfurol + benzile.] (Chem.) A yellow, crystalline substance, (C4H3O)2.C2O2, obtained by the oxidation of furoin. [Written also furil.]
Fu*ril"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, furile; as, furilic acid.
||Fu"ri*o"so (?), a. & adv. [It.] (Mus.) With great force or vigor; ||vehemently.
Fu"ri*ous (?), a. [L. furiosus, fr. furia rage, fury: cf. F. furieux. See Fury.] 1. Transported with passion or fury; raging; violent; as, a furious animal.
2. Rushing with impetuosity; moving with violence; as, a furious stream; a furious wind or storm.
Syn. -- Impetuous; vehement; boisterous; fierce; turbulent; tumultuous; angry; mad; frantic; frenzied.
-- Fu"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Fu"ri*ous*ness, n.
Furl (f˚rl), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furled (f˚rl); p. pr. & vb. n. Furling.] [Contr. fr. furdle, fr. fardel bundle: cf. F. ferler to furl, OF. fardeler to pack. See Furdle, Fardel, and cf. Farl.] To draw up or gather into close compass; to wrap or roll, as a sail, close to the yard, stay, or mast, or, as a flag, close to or around its staff, securing it there by a gasket or line. Totten.
Fur"long (?), n. [OE. furlong, furlang, AS. furlang, furlung, prop., the length of a furrow; furh furrow + lang long. See Furrow, and Long, a.] A measure of length; the eighth part of a mile; forty rods; two hundred and twenty yards.
Fur"lough (?), n. [Prob. fr. D. verlof, fr. a prefix akin to E. for + the root of E. lief, and akin to Dan. forlov, Sw. fˆrlof, G. verlaub permission. See Life, a.] (Mil.) Leave of absence; especially, leave given to an officer or soldier to be absent from service for a certain time; also, the document granting leave of absence.
Fur"lough, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furloughed (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Furloughing.] (Mil.) To furnish with a furlough; to grant leave of absence to, as to an officer or soldier.
{ Fur"mon*ty (?), Fur"mi*ty (?) } n. Same as Frumenty.
Fur"nace (?), n. [OE. fornais, forneis, OF. fornaise, F. fournaise, from L. fornax; akin to furnus oven, and prob. to E. forceps.] 1. An inclosed place in which heat is produced by the combustion of fuel, as for reducing ores or melting metals, for warming a house, for baking pottery, etc.; as, an iron furnace; a hot-air furnace; a glass furnace; a boiler furnace, etc.
Furnaces are classified as wind or air. furnaces when the fire is urged only by the natural draught; as blast furnaces, when the fire is urged by the injection artificially of a forcible current of air; and as reverberatory furnaces, when the flame, in passing to the chimney, is thrown down by a low arched roof upon the materials operated upon.
2. A place or time of punishment, affiction, or great trial; severe experience or discipline. Deut. iv. 20.
Bustamente furnace, a shaft furnace for roasting quicksilver ores. -- Furnace bridge, Same as Bridge wall. See Bridge, n., 5. -- Furnace cadmiam or cadmia, the oxide of zinc which accumulates in the chimneys of furnaces smelting zinciferous ores. Raymond. -- Furnace hoist (Iron Manuf.), a lift for raising ore, coal, etc., to the mouth of a blast furnace.
Fur"nace, n. 1. To throw out, or exhale, as from a furnace; also, to put into a furnace. [Obs. or R.]
He furnaces The thick sighs from him.
Shak.
Fur"ni*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. fourniment. See Furnish.] Furniture. [Obs.] Spenser.
Fur"nish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furnished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Furnishing.] [OF. furnir, fornir, to furnish, finish, F. fournir; akin to Pr. formir, furmir, fromir, to accomplish, satisfy, fr. OHG. frumjan to further, execute, do, akin to E. frame. See Frame, v. t., and - ish.] 1. To supply with anything necessary, useful, or appropriate; to provide; to equip; to fit out, or fit up; to adorn; as, to furnish a family with provisions; to furnish one with arms for defense; to furnish a Cable; to furnish the mind with ideas; to furnish one with knowledge or principles; to furnish an expedition or enterprise, a room or a house.
That the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished unto all good works.
2 Tim. iii. 17,
2. To offer for use; to provide (something); to give (something); to afford; as, to furnish food to the hungry: to furnish arms for defense.
Ye are they . . . that furnish the drink offering unto that number.
Is. lxv. 11.
His writings and his life furnish abundant proofs that he was not a man of strong sense.
Macaulay.
Fur"nish, n. That which is furnished as a specimen; a sample; a supply. [Obs.] Greene.
Fur"nish*er (?), n. One who supplies or fits out.
Fur"nish*ment (?), n. The act of furnishing, or of supplying furniture; also, furniture. [Obs.] Daniel.
Fur"ni*ture (?), n. [F. fourniture. See Furnish, v. t.] 1. That with which anything is furnished or supplied; supplies; outfit; equipment.
The form and all the furniture of the earth.
Tillotson.
The thoughts which make the furniture of their minds.
M. Arnold.
2. Articles used for convenience or decoration in a house or apartment, as tables, chairs, bedsteads, sofas, carpets, curtains, pictures, vases, etc.
3. The necessary appendages to anything, as to a machine, a carriage, a ship, etc. (a) (Naut.) The masts and rigging of a ship. (b) (Mil.) The mountings of a gun. (c) Builders' hardware such as locks, door and window trimmings. (d) (Print) Pieces of wood or metal of a lesser height than the type, placed around the pages or other matter in a form, and, with the quoins, serving to secure the form in its place in the chase.
4. (Mus.) A mixed or compound stop in an organ; -- sometimes called mixture.
Fu"ro*in (?), n. [See Furfurol.] (Chem.) A colorless, crystalline substance, C10H8O4, from furfurol.
Fu*ro"re (?), n. [It.] Excitement; commotion; enthusiasm.
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Fur"ri*er (?), n. [Cf. F. fourreur.] A dealer in furs; one who makes or sells fur goods.
Fur"ri*er*y (?), n. 1. Furs, in general. Tooke.
2. The business of a furrier; trade in furs.
Fur"ring (?), n. 1. (Carp.) (a) The leveling of a surface, or the preparing of an air space, by means of strips of board or of larger pieces. See Fur, v. t., 3. (b) The strips thus laid on.
2. (Shipbuilding) Double planking of a ship's side.
3. A deposit from water, as on the inside of a boiler; also, the operation of cleaning away this deposit.
Fur"row (?), n. [OE. forow, forgh, furgh, AS. furh; akin to D. voor, OHG. furuh, G. furche, Dan. fure, Sw. f&?;ra, Icel. for drain, L. porca ridge between two furrows.] 1. A trench in the earth made by, or as by, a plow.
2. Any trench, channel, or groove, as in wood or metal; a wrinkle on the face; as, the furrows of age.
Farrow weed a weed which grows on plowed land. Shak. -- To draw a straight furrow, to live correctly; not to deviate from the right line of duty. Lowell.
Fur"row, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furrowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Furrowing.] [From Furrow, n.; cf. AS. fyrian.] 1. To cut a furrow in; to make furrows in; to plow; as, to furrow the ground or sea. Shak.
2. To mark with channels or with wrinkles.
Thou canst help time to furrow me with age.
Shak.
Fair cheeks were furrowed with hot tears.
Byron.
Fur"row*y (?), a. Furrowed. [R.] Tennyson.
Fur"ry (?), a. [From Fur.] 1. Covered with fur; dressed in fur. "Furry nations." Thomson.
2. Consisting of fur; as, furry spoils. Dryden.
3. Resembling fur.
Fur"ther (?), adv. [A comparative of forth; OE. further, forther, AS. fur&?;or, far&?;ur; akin to G. f¸rder. See Forth, adv.] To a greater distance; in addition; moreover. See Farther.
Carries us, I know not how much further, into familiar company.
M. Arnold.
They sdvanced us far as Eleusis and Thria; but no further.
Jowett (Thucyd. ).
Further off, not so near; apart by a greater distance.
Fur"ther, a. compar. [Positive wanting; superl. Furthest.] 1. More remote; at a greater distance; more in advance; farther; as, the further end of the field. See Farther.
2. Beyond; additional; as, a further reason for this opinion; nothing further to suggest.
The forms further and farther are in general not differentiated by writers, but further is preferred by many when application to quantity or degree is implied.
Fur"ther", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furthered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Furthering.] [OE. furthren, forthren, AS. fyrran, fyrrian. See Further, adv.] To help forward; to promote; to advance; to forward; to help or assist.
This binds thee, then, to further my design.
Dryden.
I should nothing further the weal public.
Robynsom (More's Utopia).
Fur"ther*ance (?), n. The act of furthering or helping forward; promotion; advancement; progress.
I know that I shall abide and continue with you all for your furthersnce and joy of faith.
Phil. i. 25.
Built of furtherance and pursuing, Not of spent deeds, but of doing.
Emerson.
Fur"ther*er (?), n. One who furthers. or helps to advance; a promoter. Shak.
Fur"ther*more" (?), adv. or conj. Moreover; besides; in addition to what has been said.
Fur"ther*most" (?), a. Most remote; furthest.
Fur"ther*some (?), a. Tending to further, advance, or promote; helpful; advantageous. [R.]
You will not find it furthersome.
Carlyle.
Fur"thest (?), a. superl. Most remote; most in advance; farthest. See Further, a.
Fur"thest, adv. At the greatest distance; farthest.
Fur"tive (?), a. [L. furtivus, fr. furtum theft, fr. fur thief, akin to ferre to bear: cf. F. furtif. See Fertile.] Stolen; obtained or characterized by stealth; sly; secret; stealthy; as, a furtive look. Prior.
A hasty and furtive ceremony.
Hallam.
Fur"tive*ly, adv. Stealthily by theft. Lover.
Fu"run*cle (?), n. [L. furunculus a petty thief, a boil, dim. of fur thief: cf. F. furoncle.] (Med.) A superficial, inflammatory tumor, suppurating with a central core; a boil.
Fu*run"cu*lar (?), a. Of or pertaining to a furuncle; marked by the presence of furuncles.
Fu"ry (?), n. [L. fur.] A thief. [Obs.]
Have an eye to your plate, for there be furies.
J. Fleteher.
Fu"ry, n.; pl. Furies (#). [L. furia, fr. furere to rage: cf. F. furie. Cf. Furor.] 1. Violent or extreme excitement; overmastering agitation or enthusiasm.
Her wit began to be with a divine fury inspired.
Sir P. Sidney.
2. Violent anger; extreme wrath; rage; -- sometimes applied to inanimate things, as the wind or storms; impetuosity; violence. "Fury of the wind." Shak.
I do oppose my patience to his fury.
Shak.
3. pl. (Greek Myth.) The avenging deities, Tisiphone, Alecto, and MegÊra; the Erinyes or Eumenides.
The Furies, they said, are attendants on justice, and if the sun in heaven should transgress his path would punish him.
Emerson.
4. One of the ParcÊ, or Fates, esp. Atropos. [R.]
Comes the blind Fury with the abhorred shears, And slits the thin-spun life.
Milton.
5. A stormy, turbulent violent woman; a hag; a vixen; a virago; a termagant.
Syn. -- Anger; indignation; resentment; wrath; ire; rage; vehemence; violence; fierceness; turbulence; madness; frenzy. See Anger.
Furze (?), n. [OE. firs, As. fyrs.] (Bot.) A thorny evergreen shrub (Ulex EuropÊus), with beautiful yellow flowers, very common upon the plains and hills of Great Britain; -- called also gorse, and whin. The dwarf furze is Ulex nanus.
Furze"chat" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The whinchat; -- called also furzechuck.
Furze"ling (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An English warbler (Melizophilus provincialis); -- called also furze wren, and Dartford warbler.
Furz"en (?), a. Furzy; gorsy. [Obs.] Holland.
Furz"y (?), a. Abounding in, or overgrown with, furze; characterized by furze. Gay.
||Fu"sain" (?), n. [F., the spindle tree; also, charcoal made from it.] ||(Fine Arts) (a) Fine charcoal of willow wood, used as a drawing ||implement. (b) A drawing made with it. See Charcoal, n. 2, and ||Charcoal drawing, under Charcoal.
Fu"sa*role (?), n. [F. fusarolle, fr. It. fusaruolo, fr. fuso spindle, shaft of a column. See Fusee a conical wheel.] (Arch.) A molding generally placed under the echinus or quarter round of capitals in the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders of architecture.
Fus*ca"tion (?), n. [L. fuscare, fuscatum, to make dark, fr. fuscus dark.] A darkening; obscurity; obfuscation. [R.] Blount.
Fus"cin (?), n. [L. fuscus dark- colored, tawny.] (Physiol. Chem.) A brown, nitrogenous pigment contained in the retinal epithelium; a variety of melanin.
Fus"cine (?), n. (Chem.) A dark-colored substance obtained from empyreumatic animal oil. [R.]
Fus"cous (?), a. [L. fuscus.] Brown or grayish black; darkish.
Sad and fuscous colors, as black or brown, or deep purple and the like.
Burke.
Fuse (fz), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fused (fzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Fusing.] [L. fusus, p. p. of fundere to pour, melt, cast. See Foundo to cast, and cf. Futile.] 1. To liquefy by heat; to render fluid; to dissolve; to melt.
2. To unite or blend, as if melted together.
Whose fancy fuses old and new.
Tennyson.
Fuse, v. i. 1. To be reduced from a solid to a fluid state by heat; to be melted; to melt.
2. To be blended, as if melted together.
Fusing point, the degree of temperature at which a substance melts; the point of fusion.
Fuse, n. [For fusee, fusil. See 2d Fusil.] (Gunnery, Mining, etc.) A tube or casing filled with combustible matter, by means of which a charge of powder is ignited, as in blasting; -- called also fuzee. See Fuze.
Fuse hole, the hole in a shell prepared for the reception of the fuse. Farrow.
Fu*see" (?), n. [See 2d Fusil, and cf. Fuse, n.] 1. A flintlock gun. See 2d Fusil. [Obs.]
2. A fuse. See Fuse, n.
3. A kind of match for lighting a pipe or cigar.
Fu*see", n. [Etymol. uncertain.] The track of a buck. Ainsworth.
Fu*see", n. [F. fusÈe a spindleful, fusee, LL. fusata, fr. fusare to use a spindle, L. fusus spindle.] (a) The cone or conical wheel of a watch or clock, designed to equalize the power of the mainspring by having the chain from the barrel which contains the spring wind in a spiral groove on the surface of the cone in such a manner that the diameter of the cone at the point where the chain acts may correspond with the degree of tension of the spring. (b) A similar wheel used in other machinery.
Fu"sel (?), n., Fu"sel oil. [G. fusel bad liquor.] (Chem.) A hot, acrid, oily liquid, accompanying many alcoholic liquors (as potato whisky, corn whisky, etc.), as an undesirable ingredient, and consisting of several of the higher alcohols and compound ethers, but particularly of amyl alcohol; hence, specifically applied to amyl alcohol.
Fu"si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. fusibilitÈ.] The quality of being fusible.
Fu"si*ble (?), a. [F. fusible. See Fuse, v. t.] CapabIe of being melted or liquefied.
Fusible metal, any alloy of different metals capable of being easily fused, especially an alloy of five parts of bismuth, three of lead, and two of tin, which melts at a temperature below that of boiling water. Ure. -- Fusible plug (Steam Boiler), a piece of easily fusible alloy, placed in one of the sheets and intended to melt and blow off the steam in case of low water.
Fu"si*form (?), a. [L. fusus spindle + -form: cf. F. fusiforme.] Shaped like a spindle; tapering at each end; as, a fusiform root; a fusiform cell.
Fu"sil (?), a. [L. fusilis molten, fluid, fr. fundere, fusum, to pour, cast. See Fuse, v. t.] 1. Capable of being melted or rendered fluid by heat; fusible. [R.] "A kind of fusil marble" Woodward.
2. Running or flowing, as a liquid. [R.] "A fusil sea." J. Philips.
3. Formed by melting and pouring into a mold; cast; founded. [Obs.] Milton.
Fu"sil (?), n. [F. fusil, LL. fosile a steel for kindling fire, from L. focus hearth, fireplace, in LL. fire. See Focus, and cf. Fusee a firelock.] A light kind of flintlock musket, formerly in use.
Fu"sil, n. [See 3d Fusee.] (Her.) A bearing of a rhomboidal figure; -- named from its shape, which resembles that of a spindle.
It differs from a lozenge in being longer in proportion to its width.
Fu"sile (?), a. Same as Fusil, a.
{ Fu"sil*eer", Fu"sil*ier" } (?), n. [F. fusilier, fr. fusil.] (Mil.) (a) Formerly, a soldier armed with a fusil. Hence, in the plural: (b) A title now borne by some regiments and companies; as, "The Royal Fusiliers," etc.
Fu"sil*lade" (?), n. [F. fusillade, cf. It. fucilata. See Fusil a firelock.] (Mil.) A simultaneous discharge of firearms.
Fu"sil*lade" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fusillader; p. pr. & vb. n. Fusillading.] To shoot down of shoot at by a simultaneous discharge of firearms.
Fu"sion (?), n. [L. fusio, fr. fundere, fusum to pour, melt: cf. F. fusion. See Fuse, v. t., and cf. Foison.] 1. The act or operation of melting or rendering fluid by heat; the act of melting together; as, the fusion of metals.
2. The state of being melted or dissolved by heat; a state of fluidity or flowing in consequence of heat; as, metals in fusion.
3. The union or blending together of things, as, melted together.
The universal fusion of races, languages, and customs . . . had produced a corresponding fusion of creeds.
C. Kingsley.
Watery fusion (Chem.) the melting of certain crystals by heat in their own water of crystallization.
4. (Biol.) The union, or binding together, of adjacent parts or tissues.
Fu"some (?), a. [AS. f&?;san to hasten, fr. f&?;s ready, prompt, quick; akin to OS. f&?;s, OHG. funs, Icel. fuss willing; prob. from the root of E. find.] Handy; reat; handsome; notable. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Fuss (?), n. [Cf. Fusome.] 1. A tumult; a bustle; unnecessary or annoying ado about trifles. Byron.
Zealously, assiduously, and with a minimum of fuss or noise
Carlyle.
2. One who is unduly anxious about trifles. [R.]
I am a fuss and I don't deny it.
W. D. Howell.
Fuss, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fussed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fussing.] To be overbusy or unduly anxious about trifles; to make a bustle or ado. Sir W. Scott.
Fuss"i*ly (?), adv. In a fussy manner. Byron.
Fuss"i*ness, n. The quality of being fussy.
Fuss"y (?), a. [Compar. Fussier (?); superl Fussiest.] Making a fuss; disposed to make an unnecessary ado about trifles; overnice; fidgety.
Not at all fussy about his personal appearance.
R. G. White.
Fust (fst), n. [OF. fust, F. f˚t, fr. L. fustis stick staff.] (Arch.) The shaft of a column, or trunk of a pilaster. Gwilt.
Fust, n. [OF. fust cask, F. f˚t cask, taste or smell of the cask, fustiness, cf. sentir le f˚t to taste of the cask. See 1st Fust.] A strong, musty smell; mustiness.
Fust, v. i. To become moldy; to smell ill. [Obs.]
Fust"ed, a. Moldy; ill- smelling. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
Fus"ter*ic (?), n. The coloring matter of fustet. Ure.
Fus"tet (?), n. [F. fustet (cf. Sp. & Pg. fustete), LL. fustetus, fr. L. fustis stick, in LL., tree, See 1st Fust, and cf. Fustic.] The wood of the Rhus Cotinus or Venice sumach, a shrub of Southern Europe, which yields a fine orange color, which, however, is not durable without a mordant. Ure.
Fus"tian (?), n. [OE. fustan, fustian, OF. fustaine, F. futaine, It. fustagno, fr. LL. fustaneum, fustanum; cf. Pr. fustani, Sp. fustan. So called from Fustt, i. e., Cairo, where it was made.] 1. A kind of coarse twilled cotton or cotton and linen stuff, including corduroy, velveteen, etc.
2. An inflated style of writing; a kind of writing in which high-sounding words are used, above the dignity of the thoughts or subject; bombast.
Claudius . . . has run his description into the most wretched fustian.
Addison.
Fus"tian, a. 1. Made of fustian.
2. Pompous; ridiculously tumid; inflated; bombastic; as, fustian history. Walpole.
Fus"tian*ist, n. A writer of fustian. [R.] Milton.
Fus"tic (?), n. [F. fustoc, Sp. fustoc. Cf. Fustet.] The wood of the Maclura tinctoria, a tree growing in the West Indies, used in dyeing yellow; -- called also old fustic. [Written also fustoc.]
Other kinds of yellow wood are often called fustic; as that of species of Xanthoxylum, and especially the Rhus Cotinus, which is sometimes called young fustic to distinguish it from the Maclura. See Fustet.
Fus"ti*gate (?), v. t. [L. fustigare, fr. fustis stick. See 1st Fust.] To cudgel. [R.] Bailey.
Fus"ti*ga"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. fustigation.] A punishment by beating with a stick or club; cudgeling.
This satire, composed of actual fustigation.
Motley.
Fus"ti*la"ri*an (?), n. [From Fusty.] A low fellow; a stinkard; a scoundrel. [Obs.] Shak.
{ Fus"ti*lug` (&?;), Fus"ti*lugs` (?) }, n. [Fusty + lug something heavy, to be drawn or carried.] A gross, fat, unwieldy person. [Obs.] F. Junius.
Fust"i*ness (?), n. A fusty state or quality; moldiness; mustiness; an ill smell from moldiness.
Fusty (?), a. [Compar. Fustier (#); superl Fustiest.] [See 2d Fust.] 1. Moldy; musty; ill-smelling; rank. "A fusty nut." "Fusty plebeians." Shak.
2. Moping. [Archaic]
A melancholy, fusty humor.
Pepys.
Fu"sure (?), n. [L. fusura, fr. fundere, fusum. See Fuse, v. t.] Act of fusing; fusion. [R.]
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Futch"el (?), n. The jaws between which the hinder end of a carriage tongue is inserted. Knight.
Fu"tile (?; 277), a. [L. futilis that easily pours out, that easily lets loose, vain, worthless, from the root of fundere to pour out: cf. F. futile. See Fuse, v. t.]
1. Talkative; loquacious; tattling. [Obs.]
Talkers and futile persons.
Bacon.
2. Of no importance; answering no useful end; useless; vain; worthless. "Futile theories." I. Taylor.
His reasoning . . . was singularly futile.
Macaulay.
Fu"tile*ly, adv. In a futile manner.
Fu"til`i*ty (?), n. [L. futilitas: cf. F. futilitÈ.] 1. The quality of being talkative; talkativeness; loquaciousness; loquacity. [Obs.]
2. The quality of producing no valuable effect, or of coming to nothing; uselessness.
The futility of this mode of philosophizing.
Whewell.
Fu"til*ous (?), a. Futile; trifling. [Obs.]
Fu"ttock (?), n. [Prob. corrupted fr. foothook.] (Naut.) One of the crooked timbers which are scarfed together to form the lower part of the compound rib of a vessel; one of the crooked transverse timbers passing across and over the keel.
Futtock plates (Naut.), plates of iron to which the dead-eyes of the topmast rigging are secured. -- Futtock shrouds, short iron shrouds leading from the upper part of the lower mast or of the main shrouds to the edge of the top, or through it, and connecting the topmast rigging with the lower mast. Totten.
Fu"tur*a*ble (?; 135), a. Capable of being future; possible to occur. [R.]
Not only to things future, but futurable.
Fuller.
Fu"ture (?; 135), a. [F. futur, L. futurus, used as fut. p. of esse to be, but from the same root as E. be. See Be, v. i.] That is to be or come hereafter; that will exist at any time after the present; as, the next moment is future, to the present.
Future tense (Gram.), the tense or modification of a verb which expresses a future act or event.
Fu"ture (?), n. [Cf. F. futur. See Future, a.]
1. Time to come; time subsequent to the present (as, the future shall be as the present); collectively, events that are to happen in time to come. "Lay the future open." Shak.
2. The possibilities of the future; -- used especially of prospective success or advancement; as, he had great future before him.
3. (Gram.) A future tense.
To deal in futures, to speculate on the future values of merchandise or stocks. [Brokers' cant]
Fu"ture*less, a. Without prospect of betterment in the future. W. D. Howells.
Fu"ture*ly, adv. In time to come. [Obs.] Raleigh.
Fu"tur*ist, n. 1. One whose chief interests are in what is to come; one who anxiously, eagerly, or confidently looks forward to the future; an expectant.
2. (Theol.) One who believes or maintains that the fulfillment of the prophecies of the Bible is to be in the future.
Fu`tu*ri"tial (?; 135), a. Relating to what is to come; pertaining to futurity; future. [R.]
Fu`tu*ri"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. futurition.] The state of being future; futurity. [R.]
Nothing . . . can have this imagined futurition, but as it is decreed.
Coleridge.
Fu*tu"ri*ty (?), n.; pl. Futurities (&?;).
1. State of being that is yet to come; future state.
2. Future time; time to come; the future.
3. Event to come; a future event.
All futurities are naked before the All-seeing Eye.
South.
Fuze (?), n. A tube, filled with combustible matter, for exploding a shell, etc. See Fuse, n.
Chemical fuze, a fuze in which substances separated until required for action are then brought into contact, and uniting chemically, produce explosion. -- Concussion fuze, a fuze ignited by the striking of the projectile. -- Electric fuze, a fuze which is ignited by heat or a spark produced by an electric current. - - Friction fuze, a fuze which is ignited by the heat evolved by friction. -- Percussion fuze, a fuze in which the ignition is produced by a blow on some fulminating compound. -- Time fuze, a fuze adapted, either by its length or by the character of its composition, to burn a certain time before producing an explosion.
Fuzz (?), v. t. To make drunk. [Obs.] Wood.
Fuzz, n. [Cf. Prov. E. fuzzy that ravels (of silk or cotton), D. voos spongy, fungous, G. faser filament. E. feaze to untwist.] Fine, light particles or fibers; loose, volatile matter.
Fuzz ball, a kind of fungus or mushroom, which, when pressed, bursts and scatters a fine dust; a puffball.
Fuzz, v. i. To fly off in minute particles.
Fuz"zle (?), v. t. [Cf. LG. fuseln to drink common liquor, fr. fusel bad liquor.] To make drunk; to intoxicate; to fuddle. [Obs.] Burton.
Fuzz"y (?), a. [See Fuzz, n.] 1. Not firmly woven; that ravels. [Written also fozy.] [Prov. Eng.]
2. Furnished with fuzz; having fuzz; like fuzz; as, the fuzzy skin of a peach.
-fy (?). [Through French verbs in -fier, L. - ficare, akin to facere to do, make. See Fact.] A suffix signifying to make, to form into, etc.; as, acetify, amplify, dandify, Frenchify, etc.
Fy (?), interj. [See Fie, interj.] A word which expresses blame, dislike, disapprobation, abhorrence, or contempt. See Fie.
Fyke (?), n. [D. fuik a bow net.] A long bag net distended by hoops, into which fish can pass easily, without being able to return; -- called also fyke net. Cozzens.
Fyl"lot (?), n. [Prov. fr. AS. fy&?;erf&?;te, fierf&?;te, feÛwerf&?;te. See Four, and Foot, n.] A rebated cross, formerly used as a secret emblem, and a common ornament. It is also called gammadion, and swastika.
Fyrd (?), Fyr"dung (&?;), n. [AS.; akin to E. fare, v. i.] (Old. Eng. Hist.) The military force of the whole nation, consisting of all men able to bear arms.
The national fyrd or militia.
J. R. Green.
Fytte (?), n. See Fit a song. [Archaic]
G.
G (j) 1. G is the seventh letter of the English alphabet, and a vocal consonant. It has two sounds; one simple, as in gave, go, gull; the other compound (like that of j), as in gem, gin, dingy. See Guide to Pronunciation, ßß 231-6, 155, 176, 178, 179, 196, 211, 246.
The form of G is from the Latin, in the alphabet which it first appeared as a modified form of C. The name is also from the Latin, and probably comes to us through the French. Etymologically it is most closely related to a c hard, k y, and w; as in corn, grain, kernel; kin L. genus, Gr. &?;; E. garden, yard; drag, draw; also to ch and h; as in get, prehensile; guest, host (an army); gall, choler; gust, choose. See C.
2. (Mus.) G is the name of the fifth tone of the natural or model scale; -- called also sol by the Italians and French. It was also originally used as the treble clef, and has gradually changed into the character represented in the margin. See Clef. G (G sharp) is a tone intermediate between G and A.
Gab (?), n. [Cf. Gaff.] (Steam Engine) The hook on the end of an eccentric rod opposite the strap. See. Illust. of Eccentric.
Gab, n. [OE. gabbe gabble, mocking, fr. Icel. gabb mocking, mockery, or OF. gab, gabe; perh. akin to E. gape, or gob. Cf. Gab, v. i., Gibber.] The mouth; hence, idle prate; chatter; unmeaning talk; loquaciousness. [Colloq.]
Gift of gab, facility of expression. [Colloq.]
Gab, v. i. [OE. gabben to jest, lie, mock, deceive, fr. Icel. gabba to mock, or OF. gaber. See 2d Gab, and cf. Gabble.] 1. To deceive; to lie. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. To talk idly; to prate; to chatter. Holinshed.
Gab"ar*age (?), n. A kind of coarse cloth for packing goods. [Obs.]
Gab`ar*dine", Gab`er*dine" (&?;), n. [Sp. gabardina; cf. It. gavardina, OF. galvardine, calvardine, gavardine, galeverdine; perh. akin to Sp. & OF. gaban a sort of cloak or coat for rainy weather, F. caban great coat with a hood and sleeves, It. gabbano and perh. to E. cabin.] A coarse frock or loose upper garment formerly worn by Jews; a mean dress. Shak.
Gab"ber (?), n. 1. A liar; a deceiver. [Obs.]
2. One addicted to idle talk.
Gab"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gabbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gabbling (?).] [Freq. of gab. See Gab, v. i.] 1. To talk fast, or to talk without meaning; to prate; to jabber. Shak.
2. To utter inarticulate sounds with rapidity; as, gabbling fowls. Dryden.
Gab"ble, n. 1. Loud or rapid talk without meaning.
Forthwith a hideous gabble rises loud Among the builders.
Milton.
2. Inarticulate sounds rapidly uttered; as of fowls.
Gab"bler (?), n. One who gabbles; a prater.
Gab"bro (?), n. [It.] (Geol.) A name originally given by the Italians to a kind of serpentine, later to the rock called euphotide, and now generally used for a coarsely crystalline, igneous rock consisting of lamellar pyroxene (diallage) and labradorite, with sometimes chrysolite (olivine gabbro).
Ga"bel (?), n. [F. gabelle, LL. gabella, gabulum, gablum; of uncertain origin. Cf.Gavel tribute.] (O. Eng. Law) A rent, service, tribute, custom, tax, impost, or duty; an excise. Burrill.
He enables St. Peter to pay his gabel by the ministry of a fish.
Jer. Taylor.
Ga"bel*er (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) A collector of gabels or taxes.
||Ga`belle" (?), n. [F. See Gabel.] A tax, especially on salt. [France] ||Brande & C.
Ga*belle"man (?), n. A gabeler. Carlyle.
Gab`er*dine" (?), n. See Gabardine.
Gab"er-lun`zie (?), n. [Gael. gabair talker + lunndair idler.] A beggar with a wallet; a licensed beggar. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
Gab"ert (?), n. [Cf.F. gabare, Arm. kobar, gobar.] A lighter, or vessel for inland navigation. [Scot.] Jamieson.
Ga"bi*on (?), n.[F., from It. gabbione a large cage, gabion, from gabbia cage, L. cavea. See Cage.] 1. (Fort.) A hollow cylinder of wickerwork, like a basket without a bottom. Gabions are made of various sizes, and filled with earth in building fieldworks to shelter men from an enemy's fire.
2. (Hydraul. Engin.) An openwork frame, as of poles, filled with stones and sunk, to assist in forming a bar dyke, etc., as in harbor improvement.
Ga`bi*on*ade" (?), n. [F. gabionnade.] 1. (Fort.) A traverse made with gabions between guns or on their flanks, protecting them from enfilading fire.
2. A structure of gabions sunk in lines, as a core for a sand bar in harbor improvements.
Ga"bi*on*age (?), n. [F. gabionnage.] (Mil.) The part of a fortification built of gabions.
Ga"bi*oned (?), p. a. Furnished with gabions.
||Ga`bion`nade" (?), n. See Gabionade.
Ga"ble (?), n. A cable. [Archaic] Chapman.
Ga"ble, n. [OE. gable, gabil, F. gable, fr. LL. gabalum front of a building, prob. of German or Scand. origin; cf. OHG. gibil, G. giebel gable, Icel. gafl, Goth. gibla pinnacle; perh. akin to Gr. &?; head, and E. cephalic, or to G. gabel fork, AS. geafl, E. gaffle, L. gabalus a kind of gallows.] (Arch.) (a) The vertical triangular portion of the end of a building, from the level of the cornice or eaves to the ridge of the roof. Also, a similar end when not triangular in shape, as of a gambrel roof and the like. Hence: (b) The end wall of a building, as distinguished from the front or rear side. (c) A decorative member having the shape of a triangular gable, such as that above a Gothic arch in a doorway.
Bell gable. See under Bell. -- Gable roof, a double sloping roof which forms a gable at each end. -- Gable wall. Same as Gable (b). -- Gable window, a window in a gable.
Ga"blet (?), n. (Arch.) A small gable, or gable-shaped canopy, formed over a tabernacle, niche, etc.
Gab"lock (?), n. [See Gavelock.] A false spur or gaff, fitted on the heel of a gamecock. Wright.
Ga"by (?), n. [Icel. gapi a rash, reckless man. Cf. Gafe.] A simpleton; a dunce; a lout. [Colloq.]
Gad (?), n. [OE. gad, Icel. gaddr goad, sting; akin to Sw. gadd sting, Goth. gazds, G. gerte switch. See Yard a measure.] 1. The point of a spear, or an arrowhead.
2. A pointed or wedge-shaped instrument of metal, as a steel wedge used in mining, etc.
I will go get a leaf of brass, And with a gad of steel will write these words.
Shak.
3. A sharp-pointed rod; a goad.
4. A spike on a gauntlet; a gadling. Fairholt.
5. A wedge-shaped billet of iron or steel. [Obs.]
Flemish steel . . . some in bars and some in gads.
Moxon.
6. A rod or stick, as a fishing rod, a measuring rod, or a rod used to drive cattle with. [Prov. Eng. Local, U.S.] Halliwell. Bartlett.
Upon the gad, upon the spur of the moment; hastily. [Obs.] "All this done upon the gad!" Shak.
Gad, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gadded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gadding.] [Prob. fr. gad, n., and orig. meaning to drive about.] To walk about; to rove or go about, without purpose; hence, to run wild; to be uncontrolled. "The gadding vine." Milton.
Why gaddest thou about so much to change thy way?
Jer. ii. 36.
Gad"a*bout` (?), n. A gadder [Colloq.]
Gad"bee` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The gadfly.
Gad"der (?), n. One who roves about idly, a rambling gossip.
Gad"ding, a. & n. Going about much, needlessly or without purpose.
Envy is a gadding passion, and walketh the streets.
Bacon.
The good nuns would check her gadding tongue.
Tennyson.
Gadding car, in quarrying, a car which carries a drilling machine so arranged as to drill a line of holes.
Gad"ding*ly (?), adv. In a roving, idle manner.
Gad"dish (?), a. Disposed to gad. -- Gad"dish*nes, n. "Gaddishness and folly." Abp. Leighton.
Gade (?), n. [Cf. Cod the fish.] (Zoˆl.) (a) A small British fish (Motella argenteola) of the Cod family. (b) A pike, so called at Moray Firth; -- called also gead. [Prov. Eng.]
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Gad"er*e (?), Gad"re (&?;), v. t. & i. To gather. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gad"fly` (?), n.; pl. Gadflies (#). [Gad + fly.] (Zoˆl.) Any dipterous insect of the genus Oestrus, and allied genera of botflies.
The sheep gadfly (Oestrus ovis) deposits its young in the nostrils of sheep, and the larvÊ develop in the frontal sinuses. The common species which infests cattle (Hypoderma bovis) deposits its eggs upon or in the skin where the larvÊ or bots live and produce sores called wormels. The gadflies of the horse produce the intestinal parasites called bots. See Botfly, and Bots. The true horseflies are often erroneously called gadflies, and the true gadflies are sometimes incorrectly called breeze flies.
Gadfly petrel (Zoˆl.), one of several small petrels of the genus Oestrelata.
Gadhel"ic (gl"k), a. [See Gaelic.] Of or pertaining to that division of the Celtic languages, which includes the Irish, Gaelic, and Manx. J. Peile.
Gad"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, the cod (Gadus); -- applied to an acid obtained from cod-liver oil, viz., gadic acid.
Gad`i*ta`ni*an (?), a. [L. Gaditanus, fr. Gades Cadiz.] Of or relating to Cadiz, in Spain. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Cadiz.
Gad"ling (?), n. [Gad, n. + - ling.] (MediÊval Armor) [R.] See Gad, n., 4.
Gad"ling, a. [See Gad, v. i.] Gadding about. [Obs.]
Gad"ling, n. A roving vagabond. [Obs.] Rom. of R.
Gadman (?), n. A gadsman.
Ga"doid (?; 277), a. [NL. gadus cod + -oid: cf. F. gadoÔde gadoid, Gr. &?; a sort of fish, F. gade.] (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the family of fishes (GadidÊ) which includes the cod, haddock, and hake. -- n. One of the GadidÊ. [Written also gadid.]
Gad`o*lin"i*a (?), n. [NL. See Gadolinite.] (Chem.) A rare earth, regarded by some as an oxide of the supposed element gadolinium, by others as only a mixture of the oxides of yttrium, erbium, ytterbium, etc.
Gad`o*lin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to or containing gadolinium.
Gad"o*lin*ite (?), n. [Named after Gadolin, a Russian chemist.] (Min.) A mineral of a nearly black color and vitreous luster, and consisting principally of the silicates of yttrium, cerium, and iron.
Gad`o*lin"i*um (?), n. [NL. See Gadolinite.] (Chem.) A supposed rare metallic element, with a characteristic spectrum, found associated with yttrium and other rare metals. Its individuality and properties have not yet been determined.
Gads"man (?), n. One who uses a gad or goad in driving.
Gad"u*in (?), n.[NL. gadus codfish.] (Chem.) A yellow or brown amorphous substance, of indifferent nature, found in cod-liver oil.
Gad"wall (?), n. [Gad to walk about + well.] (Zoˆl.) A large duck (Anas strepera), valued as a game bird, found in the northern parts of Europe and America; -- called also gray duck. [Written also gaddwell.]
Gael (?), n.sing. & pl. [See Gaelic.] (Ethnol.) A Celt or the Celts of the Scotch Highlands or of Ireland; now esp., a Scotch Highlander of Celtic origin.
Gael"ic (?; 277), a. [Gael. G‡idhealach, Gaelach, from G‡idheal, Gael, a Scotch Highlander.] (Ethnol.) Of or pertaining to the Gael, esp. to the Celtic Highlanders of Scotland; as, the Gaelic language.
Gael"ic (?), n. [Gael. Gaelig, G‡ilig.] The language of the Gaels, esp. of the Highlanders of Scotland. It is a branch of the Celtic.
Gaff (?), n. [OE. gaffe, F. gaffe an iron hook with which seamen pull great fishes into their ships; cf. Ir. gaf, gafa hook; perh. akin to G. gabel fork, Skr. gabhasti. Cf. Gaffle, Gable.] 1. A barbed spear or a hook with a handle, used by fishermen in securing heavy fish.
2. (Naut.) The spar upon which the upper edge of a fore-and-aft sail is extended.
3. Same as Gaffle, 1. Wright.
Gaff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gaffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaffing.] To strike with a gaff or barbed spear; to secure by means of a gaff; as, to gaff a salmon.
Gaf"fer (?), n. [Possibly contr. fr. godfather; but prob. fr. gramfer for grandfather. Cf. Gammer.] 1. An old fellow; an aged rustic.
Go to each gaffer and each goody.
Fawkes.
Gaffer was originally a respectful title, now degenerated into a term of familiarity or contempt when addressed to an aged man in humble life.
2. A foreman or overseer of a gang of laborers. [Prov. Eng.]
Gaf"fle (?), n. [Cf. AS. geafl fork, LG., D., Sw., & Dan. gaffel, G. gabel, W. gafl, Ir. & Gael. gabhal. Cf. Gaff.] 1. An artificial spur or gaff for gamecocks.
2. A lever to bend crossbows.
Gaff`-top"sail (?), n. (Naut.) A small triangular sail having its foot extended upon the gaff and its luff upon the topmast.
Gag (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gagging (?).] [Prob. fr. W. cegio to choke or strangle, fr. ceg mouth, opening, entrance.] 1. To stop the mouth of, by thrusting sometimes in, so as to hinder speaking; hence, to silence by authority or by violence; not to allow freedom of speech to. Marvell.
The time was not yet come when eloquence was to be gagged, and reason to be hood winked.
Maccaulay.
2. To pry or hold open by means of a gag.
Mouths gagged to such a wideness.
Fortescue (Transl.).
3. To cause to heave with nausea.
Gag, v. i. 1. To heave with nausea; to retch.
2. To introduce gags or interpolations. See Gag, n., 3. [Slang] Cornill Mag.
Gag, n. 1. Something thrust into the mouth or throat to hinder speaking.
2. A mouthful that makes one retch; a choking bit; as, a gag of mutton fat. Lamb.
3. A speech or phrase interpolated offhand by an actor on the stage in his part as written, usually consisting of some seasonable or local allusion. [Slang]
Gag rein (Harness), a rein for drawing the bit upward in the horse's mouth. -- Gag runner (Harness), a loop on the throat latch guiding the gag rein.
Gag"ate (?; 48), n. [L. gagates. See Jet a black mineral.] Agate. [Obs.] Fuller.
Gage (?), n. [F. gage, LL. gadium, wadium; of German origin; cf. Goth. wadi, OHG. wetti, weti, akin to E. wed. See Wed, and cf. Wage, n.] 1. A pledge or pawn; something laid down or given as a security for the performance of some act by the person depositing it, and forfeited by nonperformance; security.
Nor without gages to the needy lend.
Sandys.
2. A glove, cap, or the like, cast on the ground as a challenge to combat, and to be taken up by the accepter of the challenge; a challenge; a defiance. "There I throw my gage." Shak.
Gage (?), n. [So called because an English family named Gage imported the greengage from France, in the last century.] A variety of plum; as, the greengage; also, the blue gage, frost gage, golden gage, etc., having more or less likeness to the greengage. See Greengage.
Gage, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gaged (?); p. pr & vb. n. Gaging (?).] [Cf. F. gager. See Gage, n., a pledge.] 1. To give or deposit as a pledge or security for some act; to wage or wager; to pawn or pledge. [Obs.]
A moiety competent Was gaged by our king.
Shak.
2. To bind by pledge, or security; to engage.
Great debts Wherein my time, sometimes too prodigal, Hath left me gaged.
Shak.
Gage, n. A measure or standard. See Gauge, n.
Gage, v. t. To measure. See Gauge, v. t.
You shall not gage me By what we do to-night.
Shak.
Ga"ger (?), n. A measurer. See Gauger.
Gag"ger (?), n. 1. One who gags.
2. (Founding) A piece of iron imbedded in the sand of a mold to keep the sand in place.
Gag"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gaggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaggling (?).] [Of imitative origin; cf. D. gaggelen, gagelen, G. gackeln, gackern, MHG. g&?;gen, E. giggle, cackle.] To make a noise like a goose; to cackle. Bacon.
Gag"gle, n. [Cf. Gaggle v. i.] (Zoˆl.) A flock of wild geese. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Gag"tooth` (?), n.; pl. Gagteeth (&?;). A projecting tooth. [Obs.]
Gag"-toothed" (?), a. Having gagteeth. [Obs.]
Gahn"ite (?), n. [Named after Gahn, a Swedish chemist.] (Min.) Zinc spinel; automolite.
Ga*id"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; earth.] (Chem.) Pertaining to hypogeic acid; -- applied to an acid obtained from hypogeic acid.
Gai"e*ty (?), n. Same as Gayety.
Gail"er (?), n. A jailer. [Obs.] Chaucer.
||Gail`lard" (?), a. [F. See Galliard.] Gay; brisk; merry; galliard. ||Chaucer.
||Gail*liarde" (?), n. [See Galliard a dance.] A lively French and ||Italian dance.
Gai"ly (?), adv. [From Gay.] Merrily; showily. See gaily.
Gain (gn), n. [Cf. W. gan a mortise.] (Arch.) A square or beveled notch cut out of a girder, binding joist, or other timber which supports a floor beam, so as to receive the end of the floor beam.
Gain, a. [OE. gein, gain, good, near, quick; cf. Icel. gegn ready, serviceable, and gegn, adv., against, opposite. Cf. Ahain.] Convenient; suitable; direct; near; handy; dexterous; easy; profitable; cheap; respectable. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Gain (gn), n. [OE. gain, gein, gahen, gain, advantage, Icel. gagn; akin to Sw. gagn, Dan. gavn, cf. Goth. gageigan to gain. The word was prob. influenced by F. gain gain, OF. gaain. Cf. Gain, v. t.] 1. That which is gained, obtained, or acquired, as increase, profit, advantage, or benefit; -- opposed to loss.
But what things were gain to me, those I counted loss for Christ.
Phil. iii. 7.
Godliness with contentment is great gain.
1 Tim. vi. 6.
Every one shall share in the gains.
Shak.
2. The obtaining or amassing of profit or valuable possessions; acquisition; accumulation. "The lust of gain." Tennyson.
Gain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gained (gnd); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaining.] [From gain, n. but. prob. influenced by F. gagner to earn, gain, OF. gaaignier to cultivate, OHG. weidinn, weidinen to pasture, hunt, fr. weida pasturage, G. weide, akin to Icel. veir hunting, AS. wu, cf. L. venari to hunt, E. venison. See Gain, n., profit.]
1. To get, as profit or advantage; to obtain or acquire by effort or labor; as, to gain a good living.
What is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul?
Matt. xvi. 26.
To gain dominion, or to keep it gained.
Milton.
For fame with toil we gain, but lose with ease.
Pope.
2. To come off winner or victor in; to be successful in; to obtain by competition; as, to gain a battle; to gain a case at law; to gain a prize.
3. To draw into any interest or party; to win to one's side; to conciliate.
If he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother.
Matt. xviii. 15.
To gratify the queen, and gained the court.
Dryden.
4. To reach; to attain to; to arrive at; as, to gain the top of a mountain; to gain a good harbor.
Forded Usk and gained the wood.
Tennyson.
5. To get, incur, or receive, as loss, harm, or damage. [Obs. or Ironical]
Ye should . . . not have loosed from Crete, and to have gained this harm and loss.
Acts xxvii. 21.
Gained day, the calendar day gained in sailing eastward around the earth. -- To gain ground, to make progress; to advance in any undertaking; to prevail; to acquire strength or extent. -- To gain over, to draw to one's party or interest; to win over. -- To gain the wind (Naut.), to reach the windward side of another ship.
Syn. -- To obtain; acquire; get; procure; win; earn; attain; achieve. See Obtain. -- To Gain, Win. Gain implies only that we get something by exertion; win, that we do it in competition with others. A person gains knowledge, or gains a prize, simply by striving for it; he wins a victory, or wins a prize, by taking it in a struggle with others.
Gain (?), v. i. To have or receive advantage or profit; to acquire gain; to grow rich; to advance in interest, health, or happiness; to make progress; as, the sick man gains daily.
Thou hast greedily gained of thy neighbors by extortion.
Ezek. xxii. 12.
Gaining twist, in rifled firearms, a twist of the grooves, which increases regularly from the breech to the muzzle. To gain on or upon. (a) To encroach on; as, the ocean gains on the land. (b) To obtain influence with. (c) To win ground upon; to move faster than, as in a race or contest. (d) To get the better of; to have the advantage of.
The English have not only gained upon the Venetians in the Levant, but have their cloth in Venice itself.
Addison.
My good behavior had so far gained on the emperor, that I began to conceive hopes of liberty.
Swift.
Gain"a*ble (?), a. [CF. F. gagnable. See Gain, v. t.] Capable of being obtained or reached. Sherwood.
Gain"age (?, 48), n. [OF. gaignage pasturage, crop, F. gaignage pasturage. See Gain, v. t.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) The horses, oxen, plows, wains or wagons and implements for carrying on tillage. (b) The profit made by tillage; also, the land itself. Bouvier.
Gain"er (?), n. One who gains. Shak.
Gain"ful (?), a. Profitable; advantageous; lucrative. "A gainful speculation." Macaulay. -- Gain"ful*ly, adv. -- Gain"ful*ness, n.
Gain"giv`ing (?), n. [See Again, and Give.] A misgiving. [Obs.]
Gain"less, a. Not producing gain; unprofitable. Hammond. -- Gain"less/ness, n.
Gain"ly, adv. [See Gain, a.] Handily; readily; dexterously; advantageously. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
Gain"pain` (?), n.[F. gagner to gain + pain bread.] Bread-gainer; -- a term applied in the Middle Ages to the sword of a hired soldier.
Gain`say" (? or ?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gainsaid (? or ?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gainsaying.] [OE. geinseien, ageinseien. See Again, and Say to utter.] To contradict; to deny; to controvert; to dispute; to forbid.
I will give you a mouth and wisdom which all your adversaries shall not be able to gainsay nor resist.
Luke xxi. 15.
The just gods gainsay That any drop thou borrow'dst from thy mother, My sacred aunt, should by my mortal sword Be drained.
Shak.
Gain`say"er (?), n. One who gainsays, contradicts, or denies. "To convince the gainsayers." Tit. i. 9.
Gain"some (?), a. 1. Gainful.
2. Prepossessing; well-favored. [Obs.] Massinger.
'Gainst (?), prep. A contraction of Against.
Gain"stand` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gainstood; p. pr. & vb. n. gainstanding.] [See Again, and Stand.] To withstand; to resist. [Obs.]
Durst . . . gainstand the force of so many enraged desires.
Sir P. Sidney.
Gain"strive` (?), v. t. & i. [See Again, and Strive.] To strive or struggle against; to withstand. [Obs.] Spenser.
Gair"fowl` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Garefowl.
Gair"ish (?), a., Gair"ish*ly, adv., Gair"ish/ness, n. Same as Garish, Garishly, Garishness.
Gait (?), n. [See Gate a way.] 1. A going; a walk; a march; a way.
Good gentleman, go your gait, and let poor folks pass.
Shak.
2. Manner of walking or stepping; bearing or carriage while moving.
'T is Cinna; I do know him by his gait.
Shak.
Gait"ed (?), a. Having (such) a gait; -- used in composition; as, slow-gaited; heavy- gaited.
Gait"er (?), n. [F. guÍtre, cf. Armor. gweltren; or perh. of German origin, and akin to E. wear, v.] 1. A covering of cloth or leather for the ankle and instep, or for the whole leg from the knee to the instep, fitting down upon the shoe.
<! p. 608 !>
2. A kind of shoe, consisting of cloth, and covering the ankle.
Gai"ter (?), v. t. To dress with gaiters.
Gai"tre, Gay"tre (&?;), n. [OE. Cf. Gatten tree.] The dogwood tree. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Ga"la (?), n. [F. gala show, pomp, fr. It. gala finery, gala; of German origin. See Gallant.] Pomp, show, or festivity. Macaulay.
Gala day, a day of mirth and festivity; a holiday.
Ga*lac"ta-gogue (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, milk + &?; to lead.] (Med.) An agent exciting secretion of milk.
Ga*lac"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; milky, fr. &?;, &?;, milk. See Galaxy, and cf. Lactic.] 1. Of or pertaining to milk; got from milk; as, galactic acid.
2. Of or pertaining to the galaxy or Milky Way.
Galactic circle (Astron.), the great circle of the heavens, to which the course of the galaxy most nearly conforms. Herschel. -- Galactic poles, the poles of the galactic circle.
Ga*lac"tin (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, milk. Cf. Lactin.] (Chem.) (a) An amorphous, gelatinous substance containing nitrogen, found in milk and other animal fluids. It resembles peptone, and is variously regarded as a coagulating or emulsifying agent. (b) A white waxy substance found in the sap of the South American cow tree (Galactodendron). (c) An amorphous, gummy carbohydrate resembling gelose, found in the seeds of leguminous plants, and yielding on decomposition several sugars, including galactose.
Ga*lac`to*den*sim"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?; + E. densimeter.] Same as Galactometer.
Gal`ac*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, milk + -meter: cf. F. galactomËtre. Cf. Lactometer.] An instrument for ascertaining the quality of milk (i.e., its richness in cream) by determining its specific gravity; a lactometer.
Gal`ac*toph"a*gist (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, milk + &?; to eat: cf. &?; to live on milk.] One who eats, or subsists on, milk.
Gal`ac*toph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. galactophade.] Feeding on milk.
Gal`ac*toph"o*rous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, milk + &?; to bear: cf. F. galactophore. Cf. Lactiferous.] (Anat.) Milk-carrying; lactiferous; -- applied to the ducts of mammary glands.
Ga*lac`to*poi*et"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, &?;, milk + &?; capable of making; fr. &?; to make.] (Med.) Increasing the flow of milk; milk-producing. -- n. A galactopoietic substance.
Ga*lac"tose (?), n. (Chem.) A white, crystalline sugar, C6H12O6, isomeric with dextrose, obtained by the decomposition of milk sugar, and also from certain gums. When oxidized it forms mucic acid. Called also lactose (though it is not lactose proper).
Ga*lage" (?), n. (Obs.) See Galoche. Spenser.
Ga*la"go (?), n.; pl. Galagos (#). [Native name.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of African lemurs, including numerous species.
The grand galago (Galago crassicaudata) is about the size of a cat; the mouse galago (G. murinus)is about the size of a mouse.
{ Ga*lan"ga (?), Ga*lan"gal (?) }, n.[OE. galingale, OF. galingal, garingal, F. galanga (cf. Sp. galanga), prob. fr. Ar. khalanj&?;n. ] The pungent aromatic rhizome or tuber of certain East Indian or Chinese species of Alpinia (A. Galanga and A. officinarum) and of the KÊmpferia Galanga), -- all of the Ginger family.
Gal"an*tine (? or ?), n. [F. galantine.] A dish of veal, chickens, or other white meat, freed from bones, tied up, boiled, and served cold. Smart.
Gal"a*pee` tree" (?), (Bot.) The West Indian Sciadophyllum Brownei, a tree with very large digitate leaves.
Ga*la"tian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Galatia or its inhabitants. -- A native or inhabitant of Galatia, in Asia Minor; a descendant of the Gauls who settled in Asia Minor.
Gal"ax*y (?), n.; pl. Galaxies (#). [F. galaxie, L. galaxias, fr. Gr. &?; (sc. &?; circle), fr. &?;, &?;, milk; akin to L. lac. Cf. Lacteal.]
1. (Astron.) The Milky Way; that luminous tract, or belt, which is seen at night stretching across the heavens, and which is composed of innumerable stars, so distant and blended as to be distinguishable only with the telescope. The term has recently been used for remote clusters of stars. Nichol.
2. A splendid assemblage of persons or things.
{ Gal"ban, Gal"ba*num (?), } n. [L. galbanum, Gr. &?;, prob. from Heb. klekb'n&?;h: cf. F. galbanum.] A gum resin exuding from the stems of certain Asiatic umbelliferous plants, mostly species of Ferula. The Bubon Galbanum of South Africa furnishes an inferior kind of galbanum. It has an acrid, bitter taste, a strong, unpleasant smell, and is used for medical purposes, also in the arts, as in the manufacture of varnish.
Gale (gl), n. [Prob. of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. gal furious, Icel. galinn, cf. Icel. gala to sing, AS. galan to sing, Icel. galdr song, witchcraft, AS. galdor charm, sorcery, E. nightingale; also, Icel. gjla gust of wind, gola breeze. Cf. Yell.] 1. A strong current of air; a wind between a stiff breeze and a hurricane. The most violent gales are called tempests.
Gales have a velocity of from about eighteen ("moderate") to about eighty ("very heavy") miles an our. Sir. W. S. Harris.
2. A moderate current of air; a breeze.
A little gale will soon disperse that cloud.
Shak.
And winds of gentlest gale Arabian odors fanned From their soft wings.
Milton.
3. A state of excitement, passion, or hilarity.
The ladies, laughing heartily, were fast getting into what, in New England, is sometimes called a gale.
Brooke (Eastford).
Topgallant gale (Naut.), one in which a ship may carry her topgallant sails.
Gale (?), v. i. (Naut.) To sale, or sail fast.
Gale, n. [OE. gal. See Gale wind.] A song or story. [Obs.] Toone.
Gale, v. i. [AS. galan. See 1st Gale.] To sing. [Obs.] "Can he cry and gale." Court of Love.
Gale, n. [AS. gagel, akin to D. gagel.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Myrica, growing in wet places, and strongly resembling the bayberry. The sweet gale (Myrica Gale) is found both in Europe and in America.
Gale, n. [Cf. Gabel.] The payment of a rent or annuity. [Eng.] Mozley & W.
Gale day, the day on which rent or interest is due.
||Ga"le*a (?), n. [L., a helmet.] 1. (Bot.) The upper lip or ||helmet-shaped part of a labiate flower.
2. (Surg.) A kind of bandage for the head.
3. (Pathol.) Headache extending all over the head.
4. (Paleon.) A genus of fossil echini, having a vaulted, helmet-shaped shell.
5. (Zoˆl.) The anterior, outer process of the second joint of the maxillae in certain insects.
Gal"e*as (?), n. See Galleass.
{ Ga"le*ate (?), Ga"le*a`ted (?), } a. [L. galeatus, p. p. of galeare helmet.] 1. Wearing a helmet; protected by a helmet; covered, as with a helmet.
2. (Biol.) Helmeted; having a helmetlike part, as a crest, a flower, etc.; helmet-shaped.
||Ga"le*i (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Galeus, name of one genus, fr. Gr. &?; ||a kind of shark.] (Zoˆl.) That division of elasmobranch fishes which ||includes the sharks.
Ga*le"na (?), n.[L. galena lead ore, dross that remains after melting lead: cf. F. galËne sulphide of lead ore, antidote to poison, stillness of the sea, calm, tranquility.]
1. (Med.) A remedy or antidote for poison; theriaca. [Obs.] Parr.
2. (Min.) Lead sulphide; the principal ore of lead. It is of a bluish gray color and metallic luster, and is cubic in crystallization and cleavage.
False galena. See Blende.
Ga*len"ic (?), Ga*len"ic*al (&?;), a. Pertaining to, or containing, galena.
Ga*len"ic, Ga*len"ic*al, a. [From Galen, the physician.] Relating to Galen or to his principles and method of treating diseases. Dunglison.
Galenic pharmacy, that branch of pharmacy which relates to the preparation of medicines by infusion, decoction, etc., as distinguished from those which are chemically prepared.
Ga"len*ism (?), n. The doctrines of Galen.
Ga*len*ist, n. A follower of Galen.
Ga*le"nite (?), n. (Min.) Galena; lead ore.
||Ga`le*o*pi*the"cus (g`l**p*th"ks), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gale`h a weasel + ||pi`qhkos an ape.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of flying Insectivora, formerly ||called flying lemurs. See Colugo.
Gal`er*ic"u*late (?), a. [L. galericulum, dim. of galerum a hat or cap, fr. galea helmet.] Covered as with a hat or cap. Smart.
Gal"er*ite (?), n. [L. galerum a hat, cap: cf. F. galÈrite.] (Paleon.) A cretaceous fossil sea urchin of the genus Galerites.
Ga*li"cian (?), a. [Cf. Sp. Galiciano, Gallego, fr. L. Gallaecus, Gallaicus, fr. Gallaeci a people in Western Spain.] Of or pertaining to Galicia, in Spain, or to Galicia, the kingdom of Austrian Poland. -- n. A native of Galicia in Spain; -- called also Gallegan.
Gal`i*le"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Galileo; as, the Galilean telescope. See Telescope.
Gal`i*le"an (?), a. [L. Galilaeus, fr. Galilaea Galilee, Gr. &?;: cf. F. galilÈen.] Of or relating to Galilee.
Gal`i*le"an, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Galilee, the northern province of Palestine under the Romans.
2. (Jewish Hist.) One of the party among the Jews, who opposed the payment of tribute to the Romans; -- called also Gaulonite.
3. A Christian in general; -- used as a term of reproach by Mohammedans and Pagans. Byron.
Gal"i*lee (?), n. [Supposed to have been so termed in allusion to the scriptural "Galilee of the Gentiles." cf. OF. galilÈe.] (Arch.) A porch or waiting room, usually at the west end of an abbey church, where the monks collected on returning from processions, where bodies were laid previous to interment, and where women were allowed to see the monks to whom they were related, or to hear divine service. Also, frequently applied to the porch of a church, as at Ely and Durham cathedrals. Gwilt.
Gal`i*ma"tias (?), n. [F.] Nonsense; gibberish; confused and unmeaning talk; confused mixture.
Her dress, like her talk, is a galimatias of several countries.
Walpole.
Gal"in*gale (?), n. [See Galangal.] (Bot.) A plant of the Sedge family (Cyperus longus) having aromatic roots; also, any plant of the same genus. Chaucer.
Meadow, set with slender galingale.
Tennyson.
Gal"i*ot (?), n. [OE. galiote, F. galiote. See Galley.] (Naut.) (a) A small galley, formerly used in the Mediterranean, built mainly for speed. It was moved both by sails and oars, having one mast, and sixteen or twenty seats for rowers. (b) A strong, light-draft, Dutch merchant vessel, carrying a mainmast and a mizzenmast, and a large gaff mainsail.
Gal"i*pot (?), n. [F. galipot; cf. OF. garipot the wild pine or pitch tree.] An impure resin of turpentine, hardened on the outside of pine trees by the spontaneous evaporation of its essential oil. When purified, it is called yellow pitch, white pitch, or Burgundy pitch.
Gall (gl), n.[OE. galle, gal, AS. gealla; akin to D. gal, OS. & OHG. galla, Icel. gall, SW. galla, Dan. galde, L. fel, Gr. &?;, and prob. to E. yellow. √49. See Yellow, and cf. Choler] 1. (Physiol.) The bitter, alkaline, viscid fluid found in the gall bladder, beneath the liver. It consists of the secretion of the liver, or bile, mixed with that of the mucous membrane of the gall bladder.
2. The gall bladder.
3. Anything extremely bitter; bitterness; rancor.
He hath . . . compassed me with gall and travail.
Lam. iii. 5.
Comedy diverted without gall.
Dryden.
4. Impudence; brazen assurance. [Slang]
Gall bladder (Anat.), the membranous sac, in which the bile, or gall, is stored up, as secreted by the liver; the cholecystis. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus. -- Gall duct, a duct which conveys bile, as the cystic duct, or the hepatic duct. -- Gall sickness, a remitting bilious fever in the Netherlands. Dunglison. -- Gall of the earth (Bot.), an herbaceous composite plant with variously lobed and cleft leaves, usually the Prenanthes serpentaria.
Gall (?), n. [F. galle, noix de galle, fr. L. galla.] (Zoˆl.) An excrescence of any form produced on any part of a plant by insects or their larvae. They are most commonly caused by small Hymenoptera and Diptera which puncture the bark and lay their eggs in the wounds. The larvae live within the galls. Some galls are due to aphids, mites, etc. See Gallnut.
The galls, or gallnuts, of commerce are produced by insects of the genus Cynips, chiefly on an oak (Quercus infectoria or Lusitanica) of Western Asia and Southern Europe. They contain much tannin, and are used in the manufacture of that article and for making ink and a black dye, as well as in medicine.
Gall insect (Zoˆl.), any insect that produces galls. -- Gall midge (Zoˆl.), any small dipterous insect that produces galls. -- Gall oak, the oak (Quercus infectoria) which yields the galls of commerce. -- Gall of glass, the neutral salt skimmed off from the surface of melted crown glass; -- called also glass gall and sandiver. Ure. -- Gall wasp. (Zoˆl.) See Gallfly.
Gall, v. t. (Dyeing) To impregnate with a decoction of gallnuts. Ure.
Gall, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Galled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Galling.] [OE. gallen; cf. F. galer to scratch, rub, gale scurf, scab, G. galle a disease in horses' feet, an excrescence under the tongue of horses; of uncertain origin. Cf. Gall gallnut.] 1. To fret and wear away by friction; to hurt or break the skin of by rubbing; to chafe; to injure the surface of by attrition; as, a saddle galls the back of a horse; to gall a mast or a cable.
I am loth to gall a new-healed wound.
Shak.
2. To fret; to vex; as, to be galled by sarcasm.
They that are most galled with my folly, They most must laugh.
Shak.
3. To injure; to harass; to annoy; as, the troops were galled by the shot of the enemy.
In our wars against the French of old, we used to gall them with our longbows, at a greater distance than they could shoot their arrows.
Addison.
Gall, v. i. To scoff; to jeer. [R.] Shak.
Gall, n. A wound in the skin made by rubbing.
Gal"lant (?), a. [F. gallant, prop. p. pr. of OF. galer to rejoice, akin to OF. gale amusement, It. gala ornament; of German origin; cf. OHG. geil merry, luxuriant, wanton, G. geil lascivious, akin to AS. g&?;l wanton, wicked, OS. g&?;l merry, Goth. gailjan to make to rejoice, or perh. akin to E. weal. See Gala, Galloon.]
1. Showy; splendid; magnificent; gay; well- dressed.
The town is built in a very gallant place.
Evelyn.
Our royal, good and gallant ship.
Shak.
2. Noble in bearing or spirit; brave; high- spirited; courageous; heroic; magnanimous; as, a gallant youth; a gallant officer.
That gallant spirit hath aspired the clouds.
Shak.
The gay, the wise, the gallant, and the grave.
Waller.
Syn. -- Gallant, Courageous, Brave. Courageous is generic, denoting an inward spirit which rises above fear; brave is more outward, marking a spirit which braves or defies danger; gallant rises still higher, denoting bravery on extraordinary occasions in a spirit of adventure. A courageous man is ready for battle; a brave man courts it; a gallant man dashes into the midst of the conflict.
Gal*lant" (?; 277), a. Polite and attentive to ladies; courteous to women; chivalrous.
Gal*lant" (?; 277), n. 1. A man of mettle or spirit; a gay, fashionable man; a young blood. Shak.
2. One fond of paying attention to ladies.
3. One who wooes; a lover; a suitor; in a bad sense, a seducer. Addison.
In the first sense it is by some orthoÎpists (as in Shakespeare) accented on the first syllable.
Gal*lant" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gallanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gallanting.] 1. To attend or wait on, as a lady; as, to gallant ladies to the play.
2. To handle with grace or in a modish manner; as, to gallant a fan. [Obs.] Addison.
Gal*lant"ly (?), adv. In a polite or courtly manner; like a gallant or wooer.
Gal"lant*ly (?), adv. In a gallant manner.
Gal"lant*ness (?), n. The quality of being gallant.
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Gal"lant*ry (?), n.; pl. Gallantries (#). [F. galanterie.] 1. Splendor of appearance; ostentatious finery. [Archaic]
Guess the gallantry of our church by this . . . when the desk whereon the priest read was inlaid with plates of silver.
Fuller.
2. Bravery; intrepidity; as, the troops behaved with great gallantry.
3. Civility or polite attention to ladies; in a bad sense, attention or courtesy designed to win criminal favors from a female; freedom of principle or practice with respect to female virtue; intrigue.
4. Gallant persons, collectively. [R.]
Helenus, Antenor, and all the gallantry of Troy.
Shak.
Syn. -- See Courage, and Heroism.
Gal"late (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. gallate. See Gall gallnut.] (Chem.) A salt of gallic acid.
Gal"la*ture (?; 135), n. [From L. gallus a cock.] (Zoˆl.) The tread, treadle, or chalasa of an egg.
Gal"le*ass (?; 135), n. [F. galÈasse, galÈace; cf. It. galeazza, Sp. galeaza; LL. galea a galley. See Galley.] (Naut.) A large galley, having some features of the galleon, as broadside guns; esp., such a vessel used by the southern nations of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. See Galleon, and Galley. [Written variously galeas, gallias, etc.]
"The galleasses . . . were a third larger than the ordinary galley, and rowed each by three hundred galley slaves. They consisted of an enormous towering structure at the stern, a castellated structure almost equally massive in front, with seats for the rowers amidships." Motley.
{ Gal*le"gan (gl*l"gan), Gal*le"go (gl*l"g or g*ly"g), } n. [Sp. Gallego.] A native or inhabitant of Galicia, in Spain; a Galician.
Gal"le*Ôn (?), n. [Pyrogallol + phthaleÔn.] (Chem.) A red crystalline dyestuff, obtained by heating together pyrogallic and phthalic acids.
Gal"le*on (?), n. [Sp. galeon, cf. F. galion; fr. LL. galeo, galio. See Galley.] (Naut.) A sailing vessel of the 15th and following centuries, often having three or four decks, and used for war or commerce. The term is often rather indiscriminately applied to any large sailing vessel.
The galleons . . . were huge, round-stemmed, clumsy vessels, with bulwarks three or four feet thick, and built up at stem and stern, like castles.
Motley.
Gal"le*ot (?), n. (Naut.) See Galiot.
Gal"ler*y (?), n.; pl. Galleries (#). [F. galerie, It. galleria, fr. LL. galeria gallery, perh. orig., a festal hall, banquetting hall; cf. OF. galerie a rejoicing, fr. galer to rejoice. Cf. Gallant, a.] 1. A long and narrow corridor, or place for walking; a connecting passageway, as between one room and another; also, a long hole or passage excavated by a boring or burrowing animal.
2. A room for the exhibition of works of art; as, a picture gallery; hence, also, a large or important collection of paintings, sculptures, etc.
3. A long and narrow platform attached to one or more sides of public hall or the interior of a church, and supported by brackets or columns; -- sometimes intended to be occupied by musicians or spectators, sometimes designed merely to increase the capacity of the hall.
4. (Naut.) A frame, like a balcony, projecting from the stern or quarter of a ship, and hence called stern gallery or quarter gallery, -- seldom found in vessels built since 1850.
5. (Fort.) Any communication which is covered overhead as well as at the sides. When prepared for defense, it is a defensive gallery.
6. (Mining) A working drift or level.
Whispering gallery. See under Whispering.
Gal"le*tyle (?), n. [OE. gallytile. Cf. Gallipot.] A little tile of glazed earthenware. [Obs.] "The substance of galletyle." Bacon.
Gal"ley (?), n.; pl. Galleys (#). [OE. gale, galeie (cf. OF. galie, galÈe, LL. galea, LGr. &?;; of unknown origin.] 1. (Naut.) A vessel propelled by oars, whether having masts and sails or not; as: (a) A large vessel for war and national purposes; -- common in the Middle Ages, and down to the 17th century. (b) A name given by analogy to the Greek, Roman, and other ancient vessels propelled by oars. (c) A light, open boat used on the Thames by customhouse officers, press gangs, and also for pleasure. (d) One of the small boats carried by a man-of- war.
The typical galley of the Mediterranean was from one hundred to two hundred feet long, often having twenty oars on each side. It had two or three masts rigged with lateen sails, carried guns at prow and stern, and a complement of one thousand to twelve hundred men, and was very efficient in mediaeval warfare. Galleons, galliots, galleasses, half galleys, and quarter galleys were all modifications of this type.
2. The cookroom or kitchen and cooking apparatus of a vessel; -- sometimes on merchant vessels called the caboose.
3. (Chem.) An oblong oven or muffle with a battery of retorts; a gallery furnace.
4. [F. galÈe; the same word as E. galley a vessel.] (Print.) (a) An oblong tray of wood or brass, with upright sides, for holding type which has been set, or is to be made up, etc. (b) A proof sheet taken from type while on a galley; a galley proof.
Galley slave, a person condemned, often as a punishment for crime, to work at the oar on board a galley. "To toil like a galley slave." Macaulay.-- Galley slice (Print.), a sliding false bottom to a large galley. Knight.
Gal"ley-bird` (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoˆl.) The European green woodpecker; also, the spotted woodpecker. [Prov. Eng.]
Gal"ley-worm` (?), n. [Prob. so called because the numerous legs along the sides move rhythmically like the oars of a galley.] (Zoˆl.) A chilognath myriapod of the genus Iulus, and allied genera, having numerous short legs along the sides; a milliped or "thousand legs." See Chilognatha.
Gall"fly` (?), n.; pl. Gallflies (&?;). (Zoˆl.) An insect that deposits its eggs in plants, and occasions galls, esp. any small hymenopteran of the genus Cynips and allied genera. See Illust. of Gall.
Gal`li*am"bic (?), a. [L. galliambus a song used by the priests of Cybele; Gallus (a name applied to these priests) + iambus] (Pros.) Consisting of two iambic dimeters catalectic, the last of which lacks the final syllable; -- said of a kind of verse.
Gal"li*an (?), a. [See Gallic.] Gallic; French. [Obs.] Shak.
Gal"liard (?), a. [OE., fr. F. gaillard, perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. galach valiant, or AS. gagol, geagl, wanton, lascivious.] Gay; brisk; active. [Obs.]
Gal"liard, n. A brisk, gay man. [Obs.]
Selden is a galliard by himself.
Cleveland.
Gal"liard, n. [F. gaillarde, cf. Sp. gallarda. See Galliard, a.] A gay, lively dance. Cf. Gailliarde.
Never a hall such a galliard did grace.
Sir. W. Scott.
Gal`liard*ise (?), n. [F. gaillardise. See Galliard, a.] Excessive gayety; merriment. [Obs.]
The mirth and galliardise of company.
Sir. T. Browne.
Gal"liard*ness, n. Gayety. [Obs.] Gayton.
Gal"li*ass (?), n. Same as Galleass.
Gal"lic (?), a. [From Gallium.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, gallium.
Gal"lic (277), a. [From Gall the excrescence.] Pertaining to, or derived from, galls, nutgalls, and the like.
Gallic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, very widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom, being found in the free state in galls, tea, etc., and produced artificially. It is a white, crystalline substance, C6H2(HO)3.CO2H, with an astringent taste, and is a strong reducing agent, as employed in photography. It is usually prepared from tannin, and both give a dark color with iron salts, forming tannate and gallate of iron, which are the essential ingredients of common black ink.
Gal"lic (?), a. [L. Gallicus belonging to the Gauls, fr. Galli the Gauls, Gallia Gaul, now France: cf. F. gallique.] Pertaining to Gaul or France; Gallican.
Gal"li*can (?), a. [L. Gallicanus: cf. F. gallican.] Of or pertaining to Gaul or France; Gallic; French; as, the Gallican church or clergy.
Gal"li*can, n. An adherent to, and supporter of, Gallicanism. Shipley.
Gal"li*can*ism (?), n. The principles, tendencies, or action of those, within the Roman Catholic Church in France, who (esp. in 1682) sought to restrict the papal authority in that country and increase the power of the national church. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.
Gal"li*cism (?), n. [F. gallicisme.] A mode of speech peculiar to the French; a French idiom; also, in general, a French mode or custom.
Gal"li*cize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gallicized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gallicizing (?).] To conform to the French mode or idiom.
Gal"lied (?), p. p. & a. (Naut.) Worried; flurried; frightened. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Gal"li*form (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Like the Gallinae (or Galliformes) in structure.
Gal`li*gas"kins (?), n. pl. [Prob. corrupted fr. It. Grechesco Grecian, a name which seems to have been given in Venice, and to have been afterwards confused with Gascony, as if they came from Gascony.] Loose hose or breeches; leather leg quards. The word is used loosely and often in a jocose sense.
||Gal`li*ma"ti*a (? or ?), n. Senseless talk. [Obs. or R.] See ||Galimatias.
Gal`li*mau"fry (?), n.; pl. Gallimaufries (#). [F. galimafrÈe a sort of ragout or mixed hash of different meats.] 1. A hash of various kinds of meats, a ragout.
Delighting in hodge-podge, gallimaufries, forced meat.
King.
2. Any absurd medley; a hotchpotch.
The Mahometan religion, which, being a gallimaufry made up of many, partakes much of the Jewish.
South.
Gal"lin (?), n. (Chem.) A substance obtained by the reduction of galleÔn.
||Gal"li*nace*ae (?), n. pl. [NL. See Gallinaceous.] (Zoˆl.) Same as ||Gallinae.
Gal`li*na"cean (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Gallinae or gallinaceous birds.
Gal`li*na"ceous (?), a.[L. gallinaceus, fr. gallina hen, fr. gallus cock.] (Zoˆl.) Resembling the domestic fowls and pheasants; of or pertaining to the Gallinae.
||Gal*li"nae (?), n.; pl. [NL., fr. L. gallina a hen, gallus a cock.] ||(Zoˆl.) An order of birds, including the common domestic fowls, ||pheasants, grouse, quails, and allied forms; -- sometimes called ||Rasores.
Gall"ing (?), a. Fitted to gall or chafe; vexing; harassing; irritating. -- Gall"ing*ly, adv.
Gal"li*nip`per (?), n. A large mosquito.
Gal"li*nule (?), n. [L. gallinula chicken, dim. of gallina hen: cf. F. gallinule.] (Zoˆl.) One of several wading birds, having long, webless toes, and a frontal shield, belonging to the family Rallidae. They are remarkable for running rapidly over marshes and on floating plants. The purple gallinule of America is Ionornis Martinica, that of the Old World is Porphyrio porphyrio. The common European gallinule (Gallinula chloropus) is also called moor hen, water hen, water rail, moor coot, night bird, and erroneously dabchick. Closely related to it is the Florida gallinule (Gallinula galeata).
The purple gallinule of Southern Europe and Asia was formerly believed to be able to detect and report adultery, and for that reason, chiefly, it was commonly domesticated by the ancients.
Gal"li*ot (?), n. See Galiot.
Gal*lip"o*li oil` (?). An inferior kind of olive oil, brought from Gallipoli, in Italy.
Gal"li*pot (?), n. [Prob. fr. OD. gleypot, the first part of which is possibly akin to E. glad. See Glad, and Pot.] A glazed earthen pot or vessel, used by druggists and apothecaries for containing medicines, etc.
Gal"li*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Gallia France.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element, found in certain zinc ores. It is white, hard, and malleable, resembling aluminium, and remarkable for its low melting point (86∞ F., 30∞ C). Symbol Ga. Atomic weight 69.9.
The element was predicted with most of its properties, under the name ekaluminium, by the Russian chemist Mendelejeff, on the basis of the Periodic law. This prediction was verified in its discovery by the French chemist Lecoq de Boisbaudran by its characteristic spectrum (two violet lines), in an examination of a zinc blende from the Pyrenees.
Gal"li*vant (?), v. i. [From Gallant.] To play the beau; to wait upon the ladies; also, to roam about for pleasure without any definite plan. [Slang] Dickens.
Gal"li*vat (?), n.[Prob. fr. Pg. galeota; cf. E. galiot, galley.] (Naut.) A small armed vessel, with sails and oars, -- used on the Malabar coast. A. Chalmers.
Gal"li*wasp` (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoˆl.) A West Indian lizard (Celestus occiduus), about a foot long, imagined by the natives to be venomous.
Gall"nut` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A round gall produced on the leaves and shoots of various species of the oak tree. See Gall, and Nutgall.
Gal`lo*ma"ni*a (?), n. [L. Galli Gauls + mania madness.] An excessive admiration of what is French. -- Gal`lo*ma"ni*ac (#), n.
Gal"lon (?), n. [OF galon, jalon, LL. galo, galona, fr. galum a liquid measure; cf. F. jale large bowl. Cf. Gill a measure.] A measure of capacity, containing four quarts; -- used, for the most part, in liquid measure, but sometimes in dry measure.
The standart gallon of the Unites States contains 231 cubic inches, or 8.3389 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at its maximum density, and with the barometer at 30 inches. This is almost exactly equivalent to a cylinder of seven inches in diameter and six inches in height, and is the same as the old English wine gallon. The beer gallon, now little used in the United States, contains 282 cubic inches. The English imperial gallon contains 10 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at 62&?; of Fahrenheit, and barometer at 30 inches, equal to 277.274 cubic inches.
Gal*loon" (?), n. [From F. or Sp. galon. See Gala. ] 1. A narrow tapelike fabric used for binding hats, shoes, etc., -- sometimes made ornamental.
2. A similar bordering or binding of rich material, such as gold lace.
Silver and gold galloons, with the like glittering gewgaws.
Addison.
Gal*looned` (?), a. Furnished or adorned with galloon.
Gal"lop (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Galloped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Galloping.] [OE. galopen, F. galoper, of German origin; cf. assumed Goth. ga-hlaupan to run, OHG. giloufen, AS. gehle·pan to leap, dance, fr. root of E. leap, and a prefix; or cf. OFlem. walop a gallop. See Leap, and cf. 1st Wallop.] 1. To move or run in the mode called a gallop; as a horse; to go at a gallop; to run or move with speed.
But gallop lively down the western hill.
Donne.
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2. To ride a horse at a gallop.
3. Fig.: To go rapidly or carelessly, as in making a hasty examination.
Such superficial ideas he may collect in galloping over it.
Locke.
Gal"lop (?), v. t. To cause to gallop.
Gal"lop, n. [Cf. F. galop. See Gallop, v. i., and cf. Galop.] A mode of running by a quadruped, particularly by a horse, by lifting alternately the fore feet and the hind feet, in successive leaps or bounds.
Hand gallop, a slow or gentle gallop.
Gal"lo*pade` (?), n. [F. galopade. See Gallop, n.] 1. I horsemanship, a sidelong or curveting kind of gallop.
2. A kind of dance; also, music to the dance; a galop.
Gal`lo*pade" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gallopaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gallopading.] 1. To gallop, as on horseback.
2. To perform the dance called gallopade.
Gal"lop*er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, gallops.
2. (Mil.) A carriage on which very small guns were formerly mounted, the gun resting on the shafts, without a limber. Farrow.
Galloper gun, a light gun, supported on a galloper, -- formerly attached to British infantry regiments.
Gal"lo*pin (?), n.[F. galopin. See Gallop, v. i.] An under servant for the kitchen; a scullion; a cook's errand boy. [Obs.] Halliwell.
Gal"lop*ing (?), a. Going at a gallop; progressing rapidly; as, a galloping horse.
Gal`lo*tan"nic (?), a. [Gall nutgall + tannic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to the tannin or nutgalls.
Gallotannic acid. See Tannic acid, under Tannic.
Gal"low (?), v. t. [Cf. AS. gelwan to stupefy.] To fright or terrify. See Gally, v. t. [Obs.] Shak.
Gal"lo*way (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small horse of a breed raised at Galloway, Scotland; -- called also garran, and garron.
Gal"low*glass` (?), n. [Ir. galloglach. Cf. Gillie.] A heavy-armed foot soldier from Ireland and the Western Isles in the time of Edward &?; Shak.
Gal"lows (?), n. sing.; pl. Gallowses (#) or Gallows. [OE. galwes, pl., AS. galga, gealga, gallows, cross; akin to D. galg gallows, OS. & OHG. galgo, G. galgen, Icel. glgi, Sw. & Dan. galge, Goth. galga a cross. Etymologically and historically considered, gallows is a noun in the plural number, but it is used as a singular, and hence is preceded by a; as, a gallows.] 1. A frame from which is suspended the rope with which criminals are executed by hanging, usually consisting of two upright posts and a crossbeam on the top; also, a like frame for suspending anything.
So they hanged Haman on the gallows.
Esther vii. 10.
If I hang, I'll make a fat pair of gallows.
Shak.
O, there were desolation of gaolers and gallowses!
Shak.
2. A wretch who deserves the gallows. [R.] Shak.
3. (Print.) The rest for the tympan when raised.
4. pl. A pair of suspenders or braces. [Colloq.]
Gallows bird, a person who deserves the gallows. [Colloq.] -- Gallows bitts (Naut.), one of two or more frames amidships on deck for supporting spare spars; -- called also gallows, gallows top, gallows frame, etc. -- Gallows frame. (a) The frame supporting the beam of an engine. (b) (Naut.) Gallows bitts. -- Gallows, or Gallow tree, the gallows.
At length him nailÈd on a gallow tree.
Spenser.
Gall"stone` (?), n. A concretion, or calculus, formed in the gall bladder or biliary passages. See Calculus, n., 1.
Gal"ly (?), v. t. [See Gallow, v. t.] To frighten; to worry. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] T. Brown.
Gall"y (?), a. Like gall; bitter as gall. Cranmer.
Gal"ly (?), n. See Galley, n., 4.
Gal`ly*gas"kins, n. pl. See Galligaskins.
Ga*loche", Ga*loshe" (&?;), [OE. galoche, galache, galage, shoe, F. galoche galoche, perh. altered fr. L. gallica a Gallic shoe, or fr. LL. calopedia wooden shoe, or shoe with a wooden sole, Gr. &?;, dim. of &?;, &?;, a shoemaker's last; &?; wood + &?; foot.] 1. A clog or patten. [Obs.]
Nor were worthy [to] unbuckle his galoche.
Chaucer.
2. Hence: An overshoe worn in wet weather.
3. A gaiter, or legging, covering the upper part of the shoe and part of the leg.
Ga*loot" (?), n. A noisy, swaggering, or worthless fellow; a rowdy. [Slang, U. S.]
Gal"op (?), n. [F.] (Mus.) A kind of lively dance, in 2-4 time; also, the music to the dance.
Ga*lore" (?), n. & a. [Scot. gelore, gilore, galore, fr. Gael. gu leÚr, enough; gu- to, also an adverbial prefix + leÚr, leÚir, enough; or fr. Ir. goleor, the same word.] Plenty; abundance; in abundance.
Ga*loshe" (?), n. Same as Galoche.
Galpe (?), v. i. To gape,; to yawn. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gal"some (?), a. [Gall bitterness + some.] Angry; malignant. [Obs.] Bp. Morton.
Galt (?), n. [See Gault.] Same as Gault.
Gal*van"ic (?), a. [From Galvani, a professor of physiology at Bologna, on account of his connection (about 1780) with the discovery of dynamical or current electricity: cf. F. galvanique.] Of or pertaining to, or exhibiting the phenomena of, galvanism; employing or producing electrical currents.
Galvanic battery (Elec.), an apparatus for generating electrical currents by the mutual action of certain liquids and metals; -- now usually called voltaic battery. See Battery. -- Galvanic circuit or circle. (Elec.) See under Circuit. -- Galvanic pile (Elec.), the voltaic pile. See under Voltaic.
Gal"va*nism (?), n. [From Galvani: cf. F. galvanisme. See Galvanic.] (Physics) (a) Electricity excited by the mutual action of certain liquids and metals; dynamical electricity. (b) The branch of physical science which treats of dynamical elecricity, or the properties and effects of electrical currents.
The words galvanism and galvanic, formerly in very general use, are now rarely employed. For the latter, voltaic, from the name of Volta, is commonly used.
Gal"va*nist (?), n. One versed in galvanism.
Gal"va*niza`tion (?), n. The act of process of galvanizing.
Gal"va*nize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Galvanized (?); p pr. & vb. n. Galvanizing (?).] [Cf. F. galvaniser.] 1. To affect with galvanism; to subject to the action of electrical currents.
2. To plate, as with gold, silver, etc., by means of electricity.
3. To restore to consciousness by galvanic action (as from a state of suspended animation); hence, to stimulate or excite to a factitious animation or activity.
4. To coat, as iron, with zinc. See Galvanized iron.
Galvanized iron, formerly, iron coated with zink by electrical deposition; now more commonly, iron coated with zink by plunging into a bath of melted zink, after its surface has been cleaned by friction with the aid of dilute acid.
Gal"va*ni`zer (?), n. One who, or that which, galvanize.
Gal*van`o*caus"tic (?), a. [Galvanic + caustic.] Relating to the use of galvanic heat as a caustic, especially in medicine.
Gal*van`o*cau"ter*y (?), n. (Med.) Cautery effected by a knife or needle heated by the passage of a galvanic current.
Gal`va*nog"ly*phy (?), n. [Galvanic + Gr. &?; to engrave.] Same as Glyphography.
Gal*van"o*graph (?), n. [Galvanic + -graph.] (Engraving) A copperplate produced by the method of galvanography; also, a picture printed from such a plate.
Gal*van`o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to galvanography.
Gal`va*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Galvanic + -graphy.] 1. The art or process of depositing metals by electricity; electrotypy.
2. A method of producing by means of electrotyping process (without etching) copperplates which can be printed from in the same manner as engraved plates.
Gal`va*nol"o*gist (?), n. One who describes the phenomena of galvanism; a writer on galvanism.
Gal`va*nol"o*gy (?) n. [Galvanic + -logy.] A treatise on galvanism, or a description of its phenomena.
Gal`va*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Galvanic + -meter: cf. F. galvanomËtre.] (Elec.) An instrument or apparatus for measuring the intensity of an electric current, usually by the deflection of a magnetic needle.
Differential galvanometer. See under Differental, a. -- Sine galvanometer, Cosine galvanometer, Tangent galvanometer (Elec.), a galvanometer in which the sine, cosine, or tangent respectively, of the angle through which the needle is deflected, is proportional to the strength of the current passed through the instrument.
Gal*van`o*met"ric (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or measured by, a galvanometer.
Gal`va*nom"e*try (?), n. The art or process of measuring the force of electric currents.
Gal*van`o*plas"tic (?), a. [Galvanic + -plastic.] Of or pertaining to the art or process of electrotyping; employing, or produced by, the process of electolytic deposition; as, a galvano-plastic copy of a medal or the like.
Gal*van"o*plas`ty (?), n. [Cf. F. galanoplastie.] The art or process of electrotypy.
Gal*van`o*punc"ture (?), n. (Med.) Same as Electro-puncture.
Gal*van`o*scope (?), n. [Galvanic + -scope: cf. F. galvanoscope.] (Elec.) An instrument or apparatus for detecting the presence of electrical currents, especially such as are of feeble intensity.
Gal*van`o*scop"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a galvanoscope.
Gal`va*nos"co*py (?), n. (Physiol.) The use of galvanism in physiological experiments.
||Gal`va*not"o*nus (?), n. [NL., fr. E. galvanic + Gr. &?; to tone.] ||(Physiol.) Same as Electrotonus.
Gal`va*not"ro*pism (?), n. [Galvanic + Gr. &?; to turn.] (Bot.) The tendency of a root to place its axis in the line of a galvanic current.
Gal"wes (?), n. Gallows. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Ga"ma grass` (?). [From Gama, a cluster of the Maldive Islands.] (Bot.) A species of grass (Tripsacum dactyloides) tall, stout, and exceedingly productive; cultivated in the West Indies, Mexico, and the Southern States of North America as a forage grass; -- called also sesame grass.
Ga*mash"es (?), n. pl. [F. gamaches.] High boots or buskins; in Scotland, short spatterdashes or riding trousers, worn over the other clothing.
||Gam"ba (?), n. A viola da gamba.
Gam*ba"does (?), n. pl. [I. or Sp. gamba leg. See Gambol, n.] Same as Gamashes.
His thin legs tenanted a pair of gambadoes fastened at the side with rusty clasps.
Sir W. Scott.
Gam"be*son (?), n. Same as Gambison.
Gam"bet (?), n. [Fr. gambette, or It. gambetta.] (Zoˆl.) Any bird of the genuis Totanus. See Tattler.
Gam"bier (?), n. [Malayan.] (a) The inspissated juice of a plant (Uncaria Gambir) growing in Malacca. It is a powerful astringent, and, under the name of Terra Japonica, is used for chewing with the Areca nut, and is exported for tanning and dyeing. (b) Catechu. [Written also gambeer and gambir.]
Gam"bi*son (?), n. [OF. gambeson, gambaison, fr. gambais, wambais, of German origin: cf. MHG. wambeis, G. wams doublet, fr. OHG. wamba, stomach. See Womb.] A defensive garment formerly in use for the body, made of cloth stuffed and quilted.
Gam"bist (?), n. [It. gamba leg.] (Mus.) A performer upon the viola di gamba. See under Viola.
Gam"bit (?), n. [F. gambit, cf. It. gambitto gambit, a tripping up. See Gambol, n.] (Chess Playing) A mode of opening the game, in which a pawn is sacrificed to gain an attacking position.
Gam"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gambled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gambling (?).] [Dim. of game. See 2d Game.] To play or game for money or other stake.
Gamble, v. t. To lose or squander by gaming; -- usually with away. "Bankrupts or sots who have gambled or slept away their estates." Ames.
Gam"bler (?), n. One who gambles.
Gam*boge" (?), n. A concrete juice, or gum resin, produced by several species of trees in Siam, Ceylon, and Malabar. It is brought in masses, or cylindrical rolls, from Cambodia, or Cambogia, -- whence its name. The best kind is of a dense, compact texture, and of a beatiful reddish yellow. Taken internally, it is a strong and harsh cathartic and emetic. [Written also camboge.]
There are several kinds of gamboge, but all are derived from species of Garcinia, a genus of trees of the order GuttiferÊ. The best Siam gamboge is thought to come from Garcinia Hanburii. Ceylon gamboge is from G. Morella. G. pictoria, of Western India, yields gamboge, and also a kind of oil called gamboge butter.
{ Gam*bo"gi*an (?), Gambogic (?), } a. Pertaining to, resembling, or containing, gamboge.
Gam"bol (gm"bl), n. [OE. gambolde, gambaulde, F. gambade, gambol, fr. It. gambata kick, fr. L. gamba leg, akin to F. jambe, OF. also, gambe, fr. L. gamba, hoof or perh. joint: cf. Gr. kamph` a binding, winding, W., Ir. & Gael. cam crooked; perh. akin to E. chamber: cf.F. gambiller to kick about. Cf. Jamb, n., Gammon ham, Gambadoes.] A skipping or leaping about in frolic; a hop; a sportive prank. Dryden.
Gam"bol v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gamboled (?), or Gambolled; p. pr. & vb. n. Gamboling or Gambolling.] To dance and skip about in sport; to frisk; to skip; to play in frolic, like boys or lambs.
Gam"brel (?), n. [OF. gambe, jambe leg, F. jambe. Cf. Cambrel, Chambrel, and see Gambol. n.] 1. The hind leg of a horse.
2. A stick crooked like a horse's hind leg; - - used by butchers in suspending slaughtered animals.
Gambrel roof (Arch.), a curb roof having the same section in all parts, with a lower steeper slope and an upper and flatter one, so that each gable is pentagonal in form.
Gam"brel v. t. To truss or hang up by means of a gambrel. Beau. & Fl.
Gam*broon" (?), n. A kind of twilled linen cloth for lining. Simmonds.
Game (?), a. [Cf. W. cam crooked, and E. gambol, n.] Crooked; lame; as, a game leg. [Colloq.]
Game, n. [OE. game, gamen, AS. gamen, gomen, play, sport; akin to OS., OHG., & Icel. gaman, Dan. gammen mirth, merriment, OSw. gamman joy. Cf. Gammon a game, Backgammon, Gamble v. i.] 1. Sport of any kind; jest, frolic.
We have had pastimes here, and pleasant game.
Shak.
2. A contest, physical or mental, according to certain rules, for amusement, recreation, or for winning a stake; as, a game of chance; games of skill; field games, etc.
But war's a game, which, were their subject wise, Kings would not play at.
Cowper.
Among the ancients, especially the Greeks and Romans, there were regularly recurring public exhibitions of strength, agility, and skill under the patronage of the government, usually accompanied with religious ceremonies. Such were the Olympic, the Pythian, the Nemean, and the Isthmian games.
3. The use or practice of such a game; a single match at play; a single contest; as, a game at cards.
Talk the game o'er between the deal.
Lloyd.
4. That which is gained, as the stake in a game; also, the number of points necessary to be scored in order to win a game; as, in short whist five points are game.
5. (Card Playing) In some games, a point credited on the score to the player whose cards counts up the highest.
6. A scheme or art employed in the pursuit of an object or purpose; method of procedure; projected line of operations; plan; project.
Your murderous game is nearly up.
Blackw. Mag.
It was obviously Lord Macaulay's game to blacken the greatest literary champion of the cause he had set himself to attack.
Saintsbury.
7. Animals pursued and taken by sportsmen; wild meats designed for, or served at, table.
Those species of animals . . . distinguished from the rest by the well-known appellation of game.
Blackstone.
Confidence game. See under Confidence. -- To make game of, to make sport of; to mock. Milton.
Game, a. 1. Having a resolute, unyielding spirit, like the gamecock; ready to fight to the last; plucky.
I was game . . . .I felt that I could have fought even to the death.
W. Irving.
2. Of or pertaining to such animals as are hunted for game, or to the act or practice of hunting.
Game bag, a sportsman's bag for carrying small game captured; also, the whole quantity of game taken. -- Game bird, any bird commonly shot for food, esp. grouse, partridges, quails, pheasants, wild turkeys, and the shore or wading birds, such as plovers, snipe, woodcock, curlew, and sandpipers. The term is sometimes arbitrarily restricted to birds hunted by sportsmen, with dogs and guns. -- Game egg, an egg producing a gamecock. -- Game laws, laws regulating the seasons and manner of taking game for food or for sport. -- Game preserver, a land owner who regulates the killing of game on his estate with a view to its increase. [Eng.] -- To be game. (a) To show a brave, unyielding spirit. (b) To be victor in a game. [Colloq.] -- To die game, to maintain a bold, unyielding spirit to the last; to die fighting.
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Game (gm), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gamed (gmd); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaming.] [OE. gamen, game&?;en, to rejoice, AS. gamenian to play. See Game, n.] 1. To rejoice; to be pleased; -- often used, in Old English, impersonally with dative. [Obs.]
God loved he best with all his whole hearte At alle times, though him gamed or smarte.
Chaucer.
2. To play at any sport or diversion.
3. To play for a stake or prize; to use cards, dice, billiards, or other instruments, according to certain rules, with a view to win money or other thing waged upon the issue of the contest; to gamble.
Game"cock` (-kk`), n. (Zoˆl.) The male game fowl.
Game" fowl` (-foul`). (Zoˆl.) A handsome breed of the common fowl, remarkable for the great courage and pugnacity of the males.
Game"ful (-fl), a. Full of game or games.
Game"keep`er (-kp`r), n. One who has the care of game, especially in a park or preserve. Blackstone.
Game"less, a. Destitute of game.
Game"ly, adv. In a plucky manner; spiritedly.
Game"ness, n. Endurance; pluck.
Game"some (?), a. Gay; sportive; playful; frolicsome; merry. Shak.
Gladness of the gamesome crowd.
Byron.
-- Game"some*ly, adv. -- Game"some*ness, n.
Game"ster (?), n. [Game + - ster.] 1. A merry, frolicsome person. [Obs.] Shak.
2. A person who plays at games; esp., one accustomed to play for a stake; a gambler; one skilled in games.
When lenity and cruelty play for a kingdom, the gentlest gamester is the soonest winner.
Shak.
3. A prostitute; a strumpet. [Obs.] Shak.
Gam"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; marriage.] (Biol.) Pertaining to, or resulting from, sexual connection; formed by the union of the male and female elements.
||Gam"in (?), n. [F.] A neglected and untrained city boy; a young ||street Arab.
In Japan, the gamins run after you, and say, 'Look at the Chinaman.'
L. Oliphant.
Gam"ing (?), n. The act or practice of playing games for stakes or wagers; gambling.
Gam"ma (?), n. The third letter (, γ = Eng. G) of the Greek alphabet.
Gam*ma"di*on (?), n. A cross formed of four capital gammas, formerly used as a mysterious ornament on ecclesiastical vestments, etc. See Fylfot.
Gam"mer (gm"mr), n. [Possibly contr. fr. godmother; but prob. fr. grammer for grandmother. Cf. Gaffer.] An old wife; an old woman; -- correlative of gaffer, an old man.
Gam"mon (-mn), n. [OF. gambon, F. jambon, fr. OF. gambe leg, F. jambe. See Gambol, n., and cf. Ham.] The buttock or thigh of a hog, salted and smoked or dried; the lower end of a flitch. Goldsmith.
Gam"mon, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gammoned (-mnd); p. pr. & vb. n. Gammoning.] To make bacon of; to salt and dry in smoke. [1913 Webster]
Gam"mon, n. [See 2d Game.] 1. Backgammon.
2. An imposition or hoax; humbug. [Colloq.]
Gam"mon, v. t. 1. To beat in the game of backgammon, before an antagonist has been able to get his "men" or counters home and withdraw any of them from the board; as, to gammon a person.
2. To impose on; to hoax; to cajole. [Colloq.] Hood.
Gam"mon, v. t. [Etymol. unknown.] (Naut.) To fasten (a bowsprit) to the stem of a vessel by lashings of rope or chain, or by a band of iron. Totten.
Gam"mon*ing, n. [From 5th Gammon.] (Naut.) The lashing or iron band by which the bowsprit of a vessel is secured to the stem to opposite the lifting action of the forestays.
Gammoning fashion, in the style of gammoning lashing, that is, having the turns of rope crossed. -- Gammoning hole (Naut.), a hole cut through the knee of the head of a vessel for the purpose of gammoning the bowsprit.
Gam"mon*ing, n. [From 4th Gammon.] The act of imposing upon or hoaxing a person. [Colloq.]
||Gam`o*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. &?; marriage + E. genesis.] (Biol.) The ||production of offspring by the union of parents of different sexes; ||sexual reproduction; -- the opposite of agamogenesis.
Gam`o*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to gamogenesis. -- Gam`o*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.
Gam`o*mor"phism (?), n. [Gr. &?; marriage + &?; form, shape.] (Biol.) That stage of growth or development in an organism, in which the reproductive elements are generated and matured in preparation for propagating the species.
Gam`o*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Gr. &?; marriage + E. petalous: cf. F. gamopÈtale.] (Bot.) Having the petals united or joined so as to form a tube or cup; monopetalous.
Ga*moph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. &?; marriage + &?; leaf.] (Bot.) Composed of leaves united by their edges (coalescent). Gray.
Gam`o*sep"al*ous (?), a. [Gr. &?; marriage + E. sepal.] (Bot.) Formed of united sepals; monosepalous.
Gam"ut (?), n. [F. gamme + ut the name of a musical note. F. gamme is fr. the name of the Greek letter &?;, which was used by Guido d'Arezzo to represent the first note of his model scale. See Gamma, and Ut.] (Mus.) The scale.
Gam"y (?), a. 1. (Cookery) Having the flavor of game, esp. of game kept uncooked till near the condition of tainting; high- flavored.
2. (Sporting) Showing an unyielding spirit to the last; plucky; furnishing sport; as, a gamy trout.
Gan (?), imp. of Gin. [See Gin, v.] Began; commenced.
Gan was formerly used with the infinitive to form compound imperfects, as did is now employed. Gan regularly denotes the singular; the plural is usually denoted by gunne or gonne.
This man gan fall (i.e., fell) in great suspicion.
Chaucer.
The little coines to their play gunne hie (i. e., hied).
Chaucer.
Later writers use gan both for singular and plural.
Yet at her speech their rages gan relent.
Spenser.
Ganch (?), v. t. [Cf. F. ganche, n., also Sp. & Pg. gancho hook, It. gancio.] To drop from a high place upon sharp stakes or hooks, as the Turks dropped malefactors, by way of punishment.
Ganching, which is to let fall from on high upon hooks, and there to hang until they die.
Sandys.
Gan"der (?), n. [AS. gandra, ganra, akin to Prov. G. gander, ganter, and E. goose, gannet. See Goose.] The male of any species of goose.
Gane (?), v. i. [See Yawn.] To yawn; to gape. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Ga*ne"sa (?), n. (Hind. Myth.) The Hindoo god of wisdom or prudence.
He is represented as a short, fat, red-colored man, with a large belly and the head of an elephant. Balfour.
Gang (?), v. i. [AS. gangan, akin to OS. & OHG. gangan, Icel. ganga, Goth. gaggan; cf. Lith. &?;engti to walk, Skr. ja&?;gha leg. √48. Cf. Go.] To go; to walk.
Obsolete in English literature, but still used in the North of England, and also in Scotland.
Gang, n. [Icel. gangr a going, gang, akin to AS., D., G., & Dan. gang a going, Goth. gaggs street, way. See Gang, v. i.] 1. A going; a course. [Obs.]
2. A number going in company; hence, a company, or a number of persons associated for a particular purpose; a group of laborers under one foreman; a squad; as, a gang of sailors; a chain gang; a gang of thieves.
3. A combination of similar implements arranged so as, by acting together, to save time or labor; a set; as, a gang of saws, or of plows.
4. (Naut.) A set; all required for an outfit; as, a new gang of stays.
5. [Cf. Gangue.] (Mining) The mineral substance which incloses a vein; a matrix; a gangue.
Gang board, or Gang plank. (Naut.) (a) A board or plank, with cleats for steps, forming a bridge by which to enter or leave a vessel. (b) A plank within or without the bulwarks of a vessel's waist, for the sentinel to walk on. -- Gang cask, a small cask in which to bring water aboard ships or in which it is kept on deck. -- Gang cultivator, Gang plow, a cultivator or plow in which several shares are attached to one frame, so as to make two or more furrows at the same time. -- Gang days, Rogation days; the time of perambulating parishes. See Gang week (below). -- Gang drill, a drilling machine having a number of drills driven from a common shaft. -- Gang master, a master or employer of a gang of workmen. -- Gang plank. See Gang board (above). -- Gang plow. See Gang cultivator (above). -- Gang press, a press for operating upon a pile or row of objects separated by intervening plates. -- Gang saw, a saw fitted to be one of a combination or gang of saws hung together in a frame or sash, and set at fixed distances apart. -- Gang tide. See Gang week (below). -- Gang tooth, a projecting tooth. [Obs.] Halliwell. -- Gang week, Rogation week, when formerly processions were made to survey the bounds of parishes. Halliwell. -- Live gang, or Round gang, the Western and the Eastern names, respectively, for a gang of saws for cutting the round log into boards at one operation. Knight. -- Slabbing gang, an arrangement of saws which cuts slabs from two sides of a log, leaving the middle part as a thick beam.
Gang"er (?), n. One who oversees a gang of workmen. [R.] Mayhew.
Gan*get"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or inhabiting, the Ganges; as, the Gangetic shark.
Gang"-flow`er (?), n. (Bot.) The common English milkwort (Polygala vulgaris), so called from blossoming in gang week. Dr. Prior.
Gan"gion (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A short line attached to a trawl. See Trawl, n.
{ Gan"gli*ac (?), Gan"gli*al (?), } a. (Anat.) Relating to a ganglion; ganglionic.
{ Gan"gli*ate (?), Gan"gli*a`ted (?), } a. (Anat.) Furnished with ganglia; as, the gangliated cords of the sympathetic nervous system.
{ Gan"gli*form` (?), Gan"gli*o*form` (?), } a. [Ganglion + -form.] (Anat.) Having the form of a ganglion.
Gan"gli*on (?), n.; pl. L. Ganglia (#), E. Ganglions (#). [L. ganglion a sort of swelling or excrescence, a tumor under the skin, Gr. &?;: cf. F. ganglion.] 1. (Anat.) (a) A mass or knot of nervous matter, including nerve cells, usually forming an enlargement in the course of a nerve. (b) A node, or gland in the lymphatic system; as, a lymphatic ganglion.
2. (Med.) A globular, hard, indolent tumor, situated somewhere on a tendon, and commonly formed by the effusion of a viscid fluid into it; -- called also weeping sinew.
Ganglion cell, a nerve cell. See Illust. under Bipolar.
Gan"gli*on*a*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. ganglionnarie.] (Anat.) Ganglionic.
Gan`gli*on"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. ganglionique.] (Anat.) Pertaining to, containing, or consisting of, ganglia or ganglion cells; as, a ganglionic artery; the ganglionic columns of the spinal cord.
Gan"grel (?), a. [Cf. Gang, v. i.] Wandering; vagrant. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
Gan"gre*nate (?), v. t. To gangrene. [Obs.]
Gan"grene (?), n. [F. gangrËne, L. gangraena, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to gnaw, eat; cf. Skr. gras, gar, to devour, and E. voracious, also canker, n., in sense 3.] (Med.) A term formerly restricted to mortification of the soft tissues which has not advanced so far as to produce complete loss of vitality; but now applied to mortification of the soft parts in any stage.
Gan"grene, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Gangrened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gangrening.] [Cf. F. gangrÈner.] To produce gangrene in; to be affected with gangrene.
Gan`gre*nes"cent (?), a. Tending to mortification or gangrene.
Gan"gre*nous (?), a. [Cf. F. gangrÈneux.] Affected by, or produced by, gangrene; of the nature of gangrene.
Gangue (?), n. [F. gangue, fr. G. gang a metallic vein, a passage. See Gang, n.] (Mining) The mineral or earthy substance associated with metallic ore.
Gang"way` (?), n. [See Gang, v. i.] 1. A passage or way into or out of any inclosed place; esp., a temporary way of access formed of planks.
2. In the English House of Commons, a narrow aisle across the house, below which sit those who do not vote steadly either with the government or with the opposition.
3. (Naut.) The opening through the bulwarks of a vessel by which persons enter or leave it.
4. (Naut.) That part of the spar deck of a vessel on each side of the booms, from the quarter-deck to the forecastle; -- more properly termed the waist. Totten.
Gangway ladder, a ladder rigged on the side of a vessel at the gangway. -- To bring to the gangway, to punish (a seaman) by flogging him at the gangway.
Gan"il (?), n. [F.] A kind of brittle limestone. [Prov. Eng.] Kirwan.
Gan"is*ter (?), Gan"nis*ter, n. (Mech.) A refractory material consisting of crushed or ground siliceous stone, mixed with fire clay; -- used for lining Bessemer converters; also used for macadamizing roads.
Gan"ja (?), n. [Hind. gnjh.] The dried hemp plant, used in India for smoking. It is extremely narcotic and intoxicating.
Gan"net (?), n. [OE. gant, AS. ganet, ganot, a sea fowl, a fen duck; akin to D. gent gander, OHG. ganazzo. See Gander, Goose.] (Zoˆl.) One of several species of sea birds of the genus Sula, allied to the pelicans.
The common gannet of Europe and America (S. bassana), is also called solan goose, chandel goose, and gentleman. In Florida the wood ibis is commonly called gannet.
Booby gannet. See Sula.
||Gan`o*ceph"a*la (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; brightness + &?; head.] ||(Paleon.) A group of fossil amphibians allied to the labyrinthodonts, ||having the head defended by bony, sculptured plates, as in some ||ganoid fishes.
Gan`o*ceph"a*lous (?), a. (Paleon.) Of or pertaining to the Ganocephala.
Ga"noid (?), a. [Gr. &?; brightness + -oid.] (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to Ganoidei. -- n. One of the Ganoidei.
Ganoid scale (Zoˆl.), one kind of scales of the ganoid fishes, composed of an inner layer of bone, and an outer layer of shining enamel. They are often so arranged as to form a coat of mail.
Ga*noid"al (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Ganoid.
||Ga*noi"de*i (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ganoid.] (Zoˆl.) One of the ||subclasses of fishes. They have an arterial cone and bulb, spiral ||intestinal valve, and the optic nerves united by a chiasma. Many of ||the species are covered with bony plates, or with ganoid scales; ||others have cycloid scales.
They were numerous, and some of them of large size, in early geological periods; but they are represented by comparatively few living species, most of which inhabit fresh waters, as the bowfin, gar pike, bichir, Ceratodus, paddle fish, and sturgeon.
Ga*noid"i*an (?), a. & n. (Zoˆl.) Ganoid.
Ga"no*ine (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A peculiar bony tissue beneath the enamel of a ganoid scale.
Gan"sa (?), n. Same as Ganza. Bp. Hall.
Gant"let (?), n. [Gantlet is corrupted fr. gantlope; gantlope is for gatelope, Sw. gatlopp, orig., a running down a lane; gata street, lane + lopp course, career, akin to lˆpa to run. See Gate a way, and Leap.] A military punishment formerly in use, wherein the offender was made to run between two files of men facing one another, who struck him as he passed.
To run the gantlet, to suffer the punishment of the gantlet; hence, to go through the ordeal of severe criticism or controversy, or ill-treatment at many hands.
Winthrop ran the gantlet of daily slights.
Palfrey.
Written also, but less properly, gauntlet.
Gant"let, n. A glove. See Gauntlet.
Gant"line` (?), n. A line rigged to a mast; -- used in hoisting rigging; a girtline.
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Gant"lope` (?), n. See Gantlet. [Obs.]
Gan"try (?), n. See Gauntree.
Gan"za (?), n. [Sp. gansa, ganso, goose; of Gothic origin. See Gannet, Goose.] A kind of wild goose, by a flock of which a virtuoso was fabled to be carried to the lunar world. [Also gansa.] Johnson.
Gaol (?), n. [See Jail.] A place of confinement, especially for minor offenses or provisional imprisonment; a jail. [Preferably, and in the United States usually, written jail.]
Commission of general gaol delivery, an authority conferred upon judges and others included in it, for trying and delivering every prisoner in jail when the judges, upon their circuit, arrive at the place for holding court, and for discharging any whom the grand jury fail to indict. [Eng.] -- Gaol delivery. (Law) See Jail delivery, under Jail.
Gaol"er (?), n. The keeper of a jail. See Jailer.
Gap (?), n. [OE. gap; cf. Icel. gap an empty space, Sw. gap mouth, breach, abyss, Dan. gab mouth, opening, AS. geap expanse; as adj., wide, spacious. See Gape.] An opening in anything made by breaking or parting; as, a gap in a fence; an opening for a passage or entrance; an opening which implies a breach or defect; a vacant space or time; a hiatus; a mountain pass.
Miseries ensued by the opening of that gap.
Knolles.
It would make a great gap in your own honor.
Shak.
Gap lathe (Mach.), a turning lathe with a deep notch in the bed to admit of turning a short object of large diameter. -- To stand in the gap, to expose one's self for the protection of something; to make defense against any assailing danger; to take the place of a fallen defender or supporter. -- To stop a gap, to secure a weak point; to repair a defect.
Gap, v. t. 1. To notch, as a sword or knife.
2. To make an opening in; to breach.
Their masses are gapp'd with our grape.
Tennyson.
Gape (?; in Eng, commonly ?; 277), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gaped (? or ?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaping] [OE. gapen, AS. geapan to open; akin to D. gapen to gape, G. gaffen, Icel. & Sw. gapa, Dan. gabe; cf. Skr. jabh to snap at, open the mouth. Cf. Gaby, Gap.] 1. To open the mouth wide; as: (a) Expressing a desire for food; as, young birds gape. Dryden.(b) Indicating sleepiness or indifference; to yawn.
She stretches, gapes, unglues her eyes, And asks if it be time to rise.
Swift.
(c) Showing self-forgetfulness in surprise, astonishment, expectation, etc.
With gaping wonderment had stared aghast.
Byron.
(d) Manifesting a desire to injure, devour, or overcome.
They have gaped upon me with their mouth.
Job xvi. 10.
2. To pen or part widely; to exhibit a gap, fissure, or hiatus.
May that ground gape and swallow me alive!
Shak.
3. To long, wait eagerly, or cry aloud for something; -- with for, after, or at.
The hungry grave for her due tribute gapes.
Denham.
Syn. -- To gaze; stare; yawn. See Gaze.
Gape, n. 1. The act of gaping; a yawn. Addison.
2. (Zoˆl.) The width of the mouth when opened, as of birds, fishes, etc.
The gapes. (a) A fit of yawning. (b) A disease of young poultry and other birds, attended with much gaping. It is caused by a parasitic nematode worm (Syngamus trachealis), in the windpipe, which obstructs the breathing. See Gapeworm.
Gap"er (?), n. 1. One who gapes.
2. (Zoˆl.) (a) A European fish. See 4th Comber. (b) A large edible clam (SchizothÊrus Nuttalli), of the Pacific coast; -- called also gaper clam. (c) An East Indian bird of the genus Cymbirhynchus, related to the broadbills.
Gape"seed` (?), n. Any strange sight. Wright.
Gapes"ing (? or ?), n. Act of gazing about; sightseeing. [Prov. Eng.]
Gape"worm` (? or ?), n. (Zoˆl.) The parasitic worm that causes the gapes in birds. See Illustration in Appendix.
Gap"ing*stock` (? or ?), n. One who is an object of open-mouthed wonder.
I was to be a gapingstock and a scorn to the young volunteers.
Godwin.
Gap"-toothed` (?), a. Having interstices between the teeth. Dryden.
Gar (?), n. [Prob. AS. gr dart, spear, lance. The name is applied to the fish on account of its long and slender body and pointed head. Cf. Goad, Gore, v.] (Zoˆl.) (a) Any slender marine fish of the genera Belone and Tylosurus. See Garfish. (b) The gar pike. See Alligator gar (under Alligator), and Gar pike.
Gar pike, or Garpike (Zoˆl.), a large, elongated ganoid fish of the genus Lepidosteus, of several species, inhabiting the lakes and rivers of temperate and tropical America.
Gar, v. t. [Of Scand. origin. See Gear, n.] To cause; to make. [Obs. or Scot.] Spenser.
Gar"an*cin (?; 104), n. [F. garance madder, LL. garantia.] (Chem.) An extract of madder by sulphuric acid. It consists essentially of alizarin.
Garb (?), n. [OF. garbe looks, countenance, grace, ornament, fr. OHG. garaw, garw, ornament, dress. akin to E. gear. See Gear, n.] 1. (a) Clothing in general. (b) The whole dress or suit of clothes worn by any person, especially when indicating rank or office; as, the garb of a clergyman or a judge. (c) Costume; fashion; as, the garb of a gentleman in the 16th century.
2. External appearance, as expressive of the feelings or character; looks; fashion or manner, as of speech.
You thought, because he could not speak English in the native garb, he could not therefore handle an English cudgel.
Shak.
Garb (?), n. [F. gerbe, OF. also garbe, OHG. garba, G. garbe; cf. Skr. grbh to seize, E. grab.] (Her.) A sheaf of grain (wheat, unless otherwise specified).
Garb, v. t. To clothe; array; deck.
These black dog-Dons Garb themselves bravely.
Tennyson.
Gar"bage (?; 48), n. [OE. also garbash, perh. orig., that which is purged or cleansed away; cf. OF. garber to make fine, neat, OHG. garawan to make ready, prepare, akin to E. garb dress; or perh. for garbleage, fr. garble; or cf. OF. garbage tax on sheaves, E. garb sheaf.] Offal, as the bowels of an animal or fish; refuse animal or vegetable matter from a kitchen; hence, anything worthless, disgusting, or loathsome. Grainger.
Gar"bage, v. t. To strip of the bowels; to clean. "Pilchards . . . are garbaged." Holland.
Garbed (?), a. Dressed; habited; clad.
Gar"bel (?), n. (Naut.) Same as Garboard.
Gar"bel, n. [Cf. Garble, v. t.] Anything sifted, or from which the coarse parts have been taken. [Obs.]
Gar"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Garbling.] [Formerly, to pick out, sort, OF. grabeler, for garbeler to examine precisely, garble spices, fr. LL. garbellare to sift; cf. Sp. garbillar to sift, garbillo a coarse sieve, L. cribellum, dim. of cribrum sieve, akin to cernere to separate, sift (cf. E. Discern); or perh. rather from Ar. gharbl, gharbil, sieve.] 1. To sift or bolt, to separate the fine or valuable parts of from the coarse and useless parts, or from dros or dirt; as, to garble spices. [Obs.]
2. To pick out such parts of as may serve a purpose; to mutilate; to pervert; as, to garble a quotation; to garble an account.
Gar"ble, n. 1. Refuse; rubbish. [Obs.] Wolcott.
2. pl. Impurities separated from spices, drugs, etc.; -- also called garblings.
Gar"bler (?), n. One who garbles.
Gar"board (?), n. (Naut.) One of the planks next the keel on the outside, which form a garboard strake.
Garboard strake or streak, the first range or strake of planks laid on a ship's bottom next the keel. Totten.
Gar"boil (?), n. [OF. garbouil; cf. Sp. garbullo, It. garbuglio; of uncertain origin; the last part is perh. fr. L. bullire to boil, E. boil.] Tumult; disturbance; disorder. [Obs.] Shak.
||Gar*cin"i*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, including the ||mangosteen tree (Garcinia Mangostana), found in the islands of the ||Indian Archipelago; -- so called in honor of Dr. Garcin.
Gard (?), n. [See Garde, Yard] Garden. [Obs.] "Trees of the gard." F. Beaumont.
Gard, v. & n. See Guard.
Gar"dant (?), a. [F. See Guardant.] (Her.) Turning the head towards the spectator, but not the body; -- said of a lion or other beast.
Gar"den (g‰r"d'n; 277), n. [OE. gardin, OF. gardin, jardin, F. jardin, of German origin; cf. OHG. garto, G. garten; akin to AS. geard. See Yard an inclosure.] 1. A piece of ground appropriated to the cultivation of herbs, fruits, flowers, or vegetables.
2. A rich, well-cultivated spot or tract of country.
I am arrived from fruitful Lombardy, The pleasant garden of great Italy.
Shak.
Garden is often used adjectively or in self- explaining compounds; as, garden flowers, garden tools, garden walk, garden wall, garden house or gardenhouse.
Garden balsam, an ornamental plant (Impatiens Balsamina). -- Garden engine, a wheelbarrow tank and pump for watering gardens. -- Garden glass. (a) A bell glass for covering plants. (b) A globe of dark-colored glass, mounted on a pedestal, to reflect surrounding objects; -- much used as an ornament in gardens in Germany. -- Garden house (a) A summer house. Beau. & Fl. (b) A privy. [Southern U.S.] -- Garden husbandry, the raising on a small scale of seeds, fruits, vegetables, etc., for sale. -- Garden mold or mould, rich, mellow earth which is fit for a garden. Mortimer. -- Garden nail, a cast nail used, for fastening vines to brick walls. Knight. -- Garden net, a net for covering fruits trees, vines, etc., to protect them from birds. -- Garden party, a social party held out of doors, within the grounds or garden attached to a private residence. -- Garden plot, a plot appropriated to a garden. Garden pot, a watering pot. -- Garden pump, a garden engine; a barrow pump. -- Garden shears, large shears, for clipping trees and hedges, pruning, etc. - - Garden spider, (Zoˆl.), the diadem spider (Epeira diadema), common in gardens, both in Europe and America. It spins a geometrical web. See Geometric spider, and Spider web. -- Garden stand, a stand for flower pots. -- Garden stuff, vegetables raised in a garden. [Colloq.] -- Garden syringe, a syringe for watering plants, sprinkling them with solutions for destroying insects, etc. -- Garden truck, vegetables raised for the market. [Colloq.] -- Garden ware, garden truck. [Obs.] Mortimer. -- Bear garden, Botanic garden, etc. See under Bear, etc. -- Hanging garden. See under Hanging. -- Kitchen garden, a garden where vegetables are cultivated for household use. -- Market garden, a piece of ground where vegetable are cultivated to be sold in the markets for table use.
Gar"den, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gardened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gardening.] To lay out or cultivate a garden; to labor in a garden; to practice horticulture.
Gar"den, v. t. To cultivate as a garden.
Gar"den*er (?), n. One who makes and tends a garden; a horticulturist.
||Garde"ni*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, some species of ||which produce beautiful and fragrant flowers; Cape jasmine; -- so ||called in honor of Dr. Alexander Garden.
Gar"den*ing (?), n. The art of occupation of laying out and cultivating gardens; horticulture.
Gar"den*less (?), a. Destitute of a garden. Shelley.
Gar"den*ly (?), a. Like a garden. [R.] W. Marshall.
Gar"den*ship, n. Horticulture. [Obs.]
Gar"don (?), n. [F] (Zoˆl.) A European cyprinoid fish; the id.
Gar`dy*loo" (?), n. [F. gare l'eau beware of the water.] An old cry in throwing water, slops, etc., from the windows in Edingburgh. Sir. W. Scott.
Gare (?), n. [Cf. Gear.] Coarse wool on the legs of sheep. Blount.
Gare"fowl` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The great auk; also, the razorbill. See Auk. [Written also gairfowl, and gurfel.]
Gar"fish` (?), n. [See Gar, n.] (Zoˆl.) (a) A European marine fish (Belone vulgaris); -- called also gar, gerrick, greenback, greenbone, gorebill, hornfish, longnose, mackerel guide, sea needle, and sea pike. (b) One of several species of similar fishes of the genus Tylosurus, of which one species (T. marinus) is common on the Atlantic coast. T. CaribbÊus, a very large species, and T. crassus, are more southern; -- called also needlefish. Many of the common names of the European garfish are also applied to the American species.
Gar"ga*lize (?), v. t. [Cf. Gargle, Gargarize.] To gargle; to rinse. [Obs.] Marston.
Gar"ga*ney (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small European duck (Anas querquedula); -- called also cricket teal, and summer teal.
Gar*gan"tu*an (?; 135), a. [From Gargantua, an allegorical hero of Rabelais.] Characteristic of Gargantua, a gigantic, wonderful personage; enormous; prodigious; inordinate.
Gar"ga*rism (?), n. [F. gargarisme, L. gargarisma. See Gargarize.] (Med.) A gargle.
Gar"ga*rize (?), v. t. [F. gargarizare, fr. Gr. &?;.] To gargle; to rinse or wash, as the mouth and throat. [Obs.] Bacon.
Garget (?), n. [OE. garget, gargate, throat, OF. gargate. Cf. Gorge. The etymol. of senses 2, 3, & 4 is not certain.] 1. The throat. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. A diseased condition of the udders of cows, etc., arising from an inflammation of the mammary glands.
3. A distemper in hogs, indicated by staggering and loss of appetite. Youatt.
4. (Bot.) See Poke.
Gar"gil (?), n. [Cf. Garget, Gargoyle.] A distemper in geese, affecting the head.
Gar"gle (?), n. (Arch.) See Gargoyle.
Gar"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garggled (?), p. pr. & vb. n. Gargling (&?;).] [F. gargouiller to dabble, paddle, gargle. Cf. Gargoyle, Gurgle.] 1. To wash or rinse, as the mouth or throat, particular the latter, agitating the liquid (water or a medicinal preparation) by an expulsion of air from the lungs.
2. To warble; to sing as if gargling [Obs.] Waller.
Gar"gle, n. A liquid, as water or some medicated preparation, used to cleanse the mouth and throat, especially for a medical effect.
Gar"gol (?), n. [Cf. Gargil.] A distemper in swine; garget. Mortimer.
||Gar`gou*lette" (?), n. [F.] A water cooler or jug with a handle and ||spout; a gurglet. Mollett.
Gar"goyle (?), n. [OE. garguilie, gargouille, cf. Sp. g·rgola, prob. fr. the same source as F. gorge throat, influenced by L. gargarizare to gargle. See Gorge and cf. Gargle, Gargarize.] (Arch.) A spout projecting from the roof gutter of a building, often carved grotesquely. [Written also gargle, gargyle, and gurgoyle.]
Gar"gyle (?), n. (Arch.) See Gargoyle.
Ga`ri*bal"di (?), n. 1. A jacket worn by women; -- so called from its resemblance in shape to the red shirt worn by the Italians patriot Garibaldi.
2. (Zoˆl.) A California market fish (Pomancentrus rubicundus) of a deep scarlet color.
Gar"ish (?), a. [Cf. OE. gauren to stare; of uncertain origin. Cf. gairish.] 1. Showy; dazzling; ostentatious; attracting or exciting attention. "The garish sun." "A garish flag." Shak. "In . . . garish colors." Asham. "The garish day." J. H. Newman.
Garish like the laughters of drunkenness.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Gay to extravagance; flighty.
It makes the mind loose and garish.
South.
-- Gar"ish*ly, adv. -- Garish*ness, n. Jer. Taylor.
Gar"land (?), n. [OE. garland, gerlond, OF. garlande, F. guirlande; of uncertain origin; cf. OHG. wiara, wiera, crown, pure gold, MHG. wieren to adorn.]
1. The crown of a king. [Obs.] Graffon.
2. A wreath of chaplet made of branches, flowers, or feathers, and sometimes of precious stones, to be worn on the head like a crown; a coronal; a wreath. Pope.
<! p. 613 !>
3. The top; the thing most prized. Shak.
4. A book of extracts in prose or poetry; an anthology.
They [ballads] began to be collected into little miscellanies under the name of garlands.
Percy.
5. (Naut.) (a) A sort of netted bag used by sailors to keep provision in. (b) A grommet or ring of rope lashed to a spar for convenience in handling.
Gar"land (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garlanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Garlanding.] To deck with a garland. B. Jonson.
Gar"land*less, a. Destitute of a garland. Shelley.
Gar"lic (?), n. [OE. garlek, AS. grle·c; gar spear, lance + le·c leek. See Gar, n., and Leek.] 1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Allium (A. sativum is the cultivated variety), having a bulbous root, a very strong smell, and an acrid, pungent taste. Each root is composed of several lesser bulbs, called cloves of garlic, inclosed in a common membranous coat, and easily separable.
2. A kind of jig or farce. [Obs.] Taylor (1630).
Garlic mustard, a European plant of the Mustard family (Alliaria officinalis) which has a strong smell of garlic. -- Garlic pear tree, a tree in Jamaica (CratÊva gynandra), bearing a fruit which has a strong scent of garlic, and a burning taste.
Gar"lick*y (?), a. Like or containing garlic.
Gar"ment (?), n. [OE. garnement, OF. garnement, garniment, fr. garnir to garnish. See Garnish.] Any article of clothing, as a coat, a gown, etc.
No man putteth a piece of new cloth unto old garment.
Matt. ix. 16.
Gar"ment*ed, p. a. Having on a garment; attired; enveloped, as with a garment. [Poetic]
A lovely lady garmented in light From her own beauty.
Shelley.
Gar"men*ture (?), n. Clothing; dress.
Gar"ner (?), n. [OE. garner, gerner, greiner, OF. gernier, grenier, F. grenier, fr. L. granarium, fr. granum. See 1st Grain, and cf. Granary.] A granary; a building or place where grain is stored for preservation.
Gar"ner, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Garnering.] To gather for preservation; to store, as in a granary; to treasure. Shak.
Gar"net (?), n. [OE. gernet, grenat, OF. grenet,grenat, F. grenat, LL. granatus, fr. L. granatum pomegranate, granatus having many grains or seeds, fr. granum grain, seed. So called from its resemblance in color and shape to the grains or seeds of the pomegranate. See Grain, and cf. Grenade, Pomegranate.] (Min.) A mineral having many varieties differing in color and in their constituents, but with the same crystallization (isometric), and conforming to the same general chemical formula. The commonest color is red, the luster is vitreous, and the hardness greater than that of quartz. The dodecahedron and trapezohedron are the common forms.
There are also white, green, yellow, brown, and black varieties. The garnet is a silicate, the bases being aluminia lime (grossularite, essonite, or cinnamon stone), or aluminia magnesia (pyrope), or aluminia iron (almandine), or aluminia manganese (spessartite), or iron lime (common garnet, melanite, allochroite), or chromium lime (ouvarovite, color emerald green). The transparent red varieties are used as gems. The garnet was, in part, the carbuncle of the ancients. Garnet is a very common mineral in gneiss and mica slate.
Garnet berry (Bot.), the red currant; -- so called from its transparent red color. -- Garnet brown (Chem.), an artificial dyestuff, produced as an explosive brown crystalline substance with a green or golden luster. It consists of the potassium salt of a complex cyanogen derivative of picric acid.
Gar"net, n. [Etymol. unknown.] (Naut.) A tackle for hoisting cargo in or out.
Clew garnet. See under Clew.
Gar`net*if"er*ous (?), a. [1st garnet + -ferous.] (Min.) Containing garnets.
Gar"ni*er*ite (?), n. [Named after the French geologist Garnier.] (Min.) An amorphous mineral of apple-green color; a hydrous silicate of nickel and magnesia. It is an important ore of nickel.
Gar"nish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Garnishing.] [OE. garnischen, garnissen, OF. garnir to provide, strengthen, prepare, garnish, warn, F. garnir to provide, furnish, garnish, -- of German origin; cf. OHG. warnn to provide, equip; akin to G. wahren to watch, E. aware, ware, wary, and cf. also E. warn. See Wary, -ish, and cf. Garment, Garrison.] 1. To decorate with ornamental appendages; to set off; to adorn; to embellish.
All within with flowers was garnished.
Spenser.
2. (Cookery) To ornament, as a dish, with something laid about it; as, a dish garnished with parsley.
3. To furnish; to supply.
4. To fit with fetters. [Cant] Johnson.
5. (Law) To warn by garnishment; to give notice to; to garnishee. See Garnishee, v. t. Cowell.
Gar"nish, n. 1. Something added for embellishment; decoration; ornament; also, dress; garments, especially such as are showy or decorated.
So are you, sweet, Even in the lovely garnish of a boy.
Shak.
Matter and figure they produce; For garnish this, and that for use.
Prior.
2. (Cookery) Something set round or upon a dish as an embellishment. See Garnish, v. t., 2. Smart.
3. Fetters. [Cant]
4. A fee; specifically, in English jails, formerly an unauthorized fee demanded by the old prisoners of a newcomer. [Cant] Fielding.
Garnish bolt (Carp.), a bolt with a chamfered or faceted head. Knight.
Gar`nish*ee" (?), n. (Law) One who is garnished; a person upon whom garnishment has been served in a suit by a creditor against a debtor, such person holding property belonging to the debtor, or owing him money.
The order by which warning is made is called a garnishee order.
Gar`nish*ee", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnisheed (-d); p. pr. & vb. n. Garnisheeing.] (Law) (a) To make (a person) a garnishee; to warn by garnishment; to garnish. (b) To attach (the fund or property sought to be secured by garnishment); to trustee.
Gar"nish*er (?), n. One who, or that which, garnishes.
Gar"nish*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. garnissement protection, guarantee, warning.] 1. Ornament; embellishment; decoration. Sir H. Wotton.
2. (Law) (a) Warning, or legal notice, to one to appear and give information to the court on any matter. (b) Warning to a person in whose hands the effects of another are attached, not to pay the money or deliver the goods to the defendant, but to appear in court and give information as garnishee.
3. A fee. See Garnish, n., 4.
Gar"ni*ture (?), n. [F. garniture. See Garnish, v. t.] That which garnishes; ornamental appendage; embellishment; furniture; dress.
The pomp of groves and garniture of fields.
Beattie.
||Ga*roo"kuh (?), n. A small fishing vessel met with in the Persian ||Gulf.
Ga"rous (?), a. [From Garum.] Pertaining to, or resembling, garum. Sir T. Browne.
Gar" pike` or Gar"pike`. (Zoˆl.) See under Gar.
Gar"ran (?), n. [Gael. garr·n, gearr·n, gelding, work horse, hack.] (Zoˆl.) See Galloway. [Scot. garron or gerron. Jamieson.]
Gar"ret (?), n. [OE. garite, garette, watchtower, place of lookout, OF. garite, also meaning, a place of refuge, F. guÈrite a place of refuge, donjon, sentinel box, fr. OF. garir to preserve, save, defend, F. guÈrir to cure; of German origin; cf. OHG. werian to protect, defend, hinder, G. wehren, akin to Goth. warjan to hinder, and akin to E. weir, or perhaps to wary. See Weir, and cf. Guerite.] 1. A turret; a watchtower. [Obs.]
He saw men go up and down on the garrets of the gates and walls.
Ld. Berners.
2. That part of a house which is on the upper floor, immediately under or within the roof; an attic.
The tottering garrets which overhung the streets of Rome.
Macaulay.
Gar"ret*ed, a. Protected by turrets. [Obs.] R. Carew.
Gar`ret*eer" (?), n. One who lives in a garret; a poor author; a literary hack. Macaulay.
Gar"ret*ing (?), n. Small splinters of stone inserted into the joints of coarse masonry. Weale.
Gar"ri*son (?), n. [OE. garnisoun, F. garnison garrison, in OF. & OE. also, provision, munitions, from garnir to garnish. See Garnish.] (Mil.) (a) A body of troops stationed in a fort or fortified town. (b) A fortified place, in which troops are quartered for its security.
In garrison, in the condition of a garrison; doing duty in a fort or as one of a garrison.
Gar"ri*son, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garrisoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Garrisoning.] (Mil.) (a) To place troops in, as a fortification, for its defense; to furnish with soldiers; as, to garrison a fort or town. (b) To secure or defend by fortresses manned with troops; as, to garrison a conquered territory.
Gar"ron (?), n. Same as Garran. [Scot.]
Gar"rot (?), n. [F. Cf. Garrote.] (Surg.) A stick or small wooden cylinder used for tightening a bandage, in order to compress the arteries of a limb.
Gar"rot, n. (Zoˆl.) The European golden-eye.
Gar*rote" (?), n. [Sp. garrote, from garra claw, talon, of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. & W. gar leg, ham, shank. Cf. Garrot stick, Garter.] A Spanish mode of execution by strangulation, with an iron collar affixed to a post and tightened by a screw until life become extinct; also, the instrument by means of which the punishment is inflicted.
Gar*rote", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garroted; p. pr. & vb. n. Garroting.] To strangle with the garrote; hence, to seize by the throat, from behind, with a view to strangle and rob.
Gar*rot"er (?), n. One who seizes a person by the throat from behind, with a view to strangle and rob him.
Gar*ru"li*ty (?), n. [L. garrulitas: cf. F. garrulitÈ.] Talkativeness; loquacity.
Gar"ru*lous (?), a. [L. garrulus, fr. garrire to chatter, talk; cf. Gr. &?; voice, &?; to speak, sing. Cf. Call.] 1. Talking much, especially about commonplace or trivial things; talkative; loquacious.
The most garrulous people on earth.
De Quincey.
2. (Zoˆl.) Having a loud, harsh note; noisy; -- said of birds; as, the garrulous roller.
Syn. -- Garrulous, Talkative, Loquacious. A garrulous person indulges in long, prosy talk, with frequent repetitions and lengthened details; talkative implies simply a great desire to talk; and loquacious a great flow of words at command. A child is talkative; a lively woman is loquacious; an old man in his dotage is garrulous.
-- Gar"ru*lous*ly, adv. -- Gar"ru*lous*ness, n.
Gar*ru"pa (?), n. [Prob. fr. Pg. garupa crupper. Cf. Grouper the fish.] (Zoˆl.) One of several species of California market fishes, of the genus Sebastichthys; -- called also rockfish. See Rockfish.
Gar"ter (?), n. [OE. gartier, F. jarretiËre, fr. OF. garet bend of the knee, F. jarret; akin to Sp. garra claw, Prov. garra leg. See Garrote.] 1. A band used to prevent a stocking from slipping down on the leg.
2. The distinguishing badge of the highest order of knighthood in Great Britain, called the Order of the Garter, instituted by Edward III.; also, the Order itself.
3. (Her.) Same as Bendlet.
Garter fish (Zoˆl.), a fish of the genus Lepidopus, having a long, flat body, like the blade of a sword; the scabbard fish. -- Garter king-at- arms, the chief of the official heralds of England, king-at-arms to the Order of the Garter; -- often abbreviated to Garter. -- Garter snake (Zoˆl.), one of several harmless American snakes of the genus EutÊnia, of several species (esp. E. saurita and E. sirtalis); one of the striped snakes; -- so called from its conspicuous stripes of color.
Gar"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gartered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gartering.] 1. To bind with a garter.
He . . . could not see to garter his hose.
Shak.
2. To invest with the Order of the Garter. T. Warton.
Garth (g‰rth), n. [Icel. garr yard. See Yard.] 1. A close; a yard; a croft; a garden; as, a cloister garth.
A clapper clapping in a garth To scare the fowl from fruit.
Tennyson.
2. A dam or weir for catching fish.
Garth, n. [Girth.] A hoop or band. [Prov. Eng.]
||Ga"rum (g"rm), n. [L., fr. Gr. ga`ros.] A sauce made of small fish. ||It was prized by the ancients.
Gar"vie (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The sprat; -- called also garvie herring, and garvock. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Gas (gs), n.; pl. Gases (-z). [Invented by the chemist Van Helmont of Brussels, who died in 1644.] 1. An aÎriform fluid; -- a term used at first by chemists as synonymous with air, but since restricted to fluids supposed to be permanently elastic, as oxygen, hydrogen, etc., in distinction from vapors, as steam, which become liquid on a reduction of temperature. In present usage, since all of the supposed permanent gases have been liquified by cold and pressure, the term has resumed nearly its original signification, and is applied to any substance in the elastic or aÎriform state.
2. (Popular Usage) (a) A complex mixture of gases, of which the most important constituents are marsh gas, olefiant gas, and hydrogen, artificially produced by the destructive distillation of gas coal, or sometimes of peat, wood, oil, resin, etc. It gives a brilliant light when burned, and is the common gas used for illuminating purposes. (b) Laughing gas. (c) Any irrespirable aÎriform fluid.
Gas is often used adjectively or in combination; as, gas fitter or gasfitter; gas meter or gas-meter, etc.
Air gas (Chem.), a kind of gas made by forcing air through some volatile hydrocarbon, as the lighter petroleums. The air is so saturated with combustible vapor as to be a convenient illuminating and heating agent. -- Gas battery (Elec.), a form of voltaic battery, in which gases, especially hydrogen and oxygen, are the active agents. -- Gas carbon, Gas coke, etc. See under Carbon, Coke, etc. -- Gas coal, a bituminous or hydrogenous coal yielding a high percentage of volatile matters, and therefore available for the manufacture of illuminating gas. R. W. Raymond. -- Gas engine, an engine in which the motion of the piston is produced by the combustion or sudden production or expansion of gas; -- especially, an engine in which an explosive mixture of gas and air is forced into the working cylinder and ignited there by a gas flame or an electric spark. -- Gas fitter, one who lays pipes and puts up fixtures for gas. -- Gas fitting. (a) The occupation of a gas fitter. (b) pl. The appliances needed for the introduction of gas into a building, as meters, pipes, burners, etc. -- Gas fixture, a device for conveying illuminating or combustible gas from the pipe to the gas- burner, consisting of an appendage of cast, wrought, or drawn metal, with tubes upon which the burners, keys, etc., are adjusted. -- Gas generator, an apparatus in which gas is evolved; as: (a) a retort in which volatile hydrocarbons are evolved by heat; (b) a machine in which air is saturated with the vapor of liquid hydrocarbon; a carburetor; (c) a machine for the production of carbonic acid gas, for aÎrating water, bread, etc. Knight. -- Gas jet, a flame of illuminating gas. -- Gas machine, an apparatus for carbureting air for use as illuminating gas. -- Gas meter, an instrument for recording the quantity of gas consumed in a given time, at a particular place. -- Gas retort, a retort which contains the coal and other materials, and in which the gas is generated, in the manufacture of gas. -- Gas stove, a stove for cooking or other purposes, heated by gas. -- Gas tar, coal tar. -- Gas trap, a drain trap; a sewer trap. See 4th Trap, 5. -- Gas washer (Gas Works), an apparatus within which gas from the condenser is brought in contact with a falling stream of water, to precipitate the tar remaining in it. Knight. -- Gas water, water through which gas has been passed for purification; -- called also gas liquor and ammoniacal water, and used for the manufacture of sal ammoniac, carbonate of ammonia, and Prussian blue. Tomlinson. -- Gas well, a deep boring, from which natural gas is discharged. Raymond. -- Gas works, a manufactory of gas, with all the machinery and appurtenances; a place where gas is generated for lighting cities. -- Laughing gas. See under Laughing. -- Marsh gas (Chem.), a light, combustible, gaseous hydrocarbon, CH4, produced artificially by the dry distillation of many organic substances, and occurring as a natural product of decomposition in stagnant pools, whence its name. It is an abundant ingredient of ordinary illuminating gas, and is the first member of the paraffin series. Called also methane, and in coal mines, fire damp. -- Natural gas, gas obtained from wells, etc., in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and elsewhere, and largely used for fuel and illuminating purposes. It is chiefly derived from the Coal Measures. -- Olefiant gas (Chem.). See Ethylene. -- Water gas (Chem.), a kind of gas made by forcing steam over glowing coals, whereby there results a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This gives a gas of intense heating power, but destitute of light-giving properties, and which is charged by passing through some volatile hydrocarbon, as gasoline.
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Gas`a*lier" (?), n. [Formed from gas, in imitation of chandelier.] A chandelier arranged to burn gas.
Gas"-burn`er (?), n. The jet piece of a gas fixture where the gas is burned as it escapes from one or more minute orifices.
Gas"coines (?), n. pl. See Gaskins, 1. Lyly.
Gas"con (?; F. ?), a. [F.] Of or pertaining to Gascony, in France, or to the Gascons; also, braggart; swaggering. -- n. A native of Gascony; a boaster; a bully. See Gasconade.
Gas`con*ade" (?), n. [F. gasconnade, from Gascon an inhabitant of Gascony, the people of which were noted for boasting.] A boast or boasting; a vaunt; a bravado; a bragging; braggodocio. Swift.
Gas`con*ade", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gasconaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gasconading.] To boast; to brag; to bluster.
Gas`con*ad"er (?), n. A great boaster; a blusterer.
Gas"coynes (?), n. pl. Gaskins. Beau. & Fl.
Gas*e"i*ty (? or ?), n. State of being gaseous. [R] Eng. Cyc.
Gas"e*ous (? or ?; 277), a. [From Gas. Cf. F. gazeux.] 1. In the form, or of the nature, of gas, or of an aÎriform fluid.
2. Lacking substance or solidity; tenuous. "Unconnected, gaseous information." Sir J. Stephen.
Gash (gsh), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gashed (gsht); p. pr. & vb. n. Gashing.] [For older garth or garse, OF. garser to scarify, F. gercer to chap, perh. from an assumed LL. carptiare, fr. L. carpere, carptum, to pluck, separate into parts; cf. LL. carptare to wound. Cf. Carpet.] To make a gash, or long, deep incision in; -- applied chiefly to incisions in flesh.
Grievously gashed or gored to death.
Hayward.
Gash, n. A deep and long cut; an incision of considerable length and depth, particularly in flesh.
Gash"ful (?), a. Full of gashes; hideous; frightful. [Obs.] "A gashful, horrid, ugly shape." Gayton.
Gas`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [See Gasify.] The act or process of converting into gas.
Gas"i*form, a. Having a form of gas; gaseous.
Gas"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gasified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gasifying.] [Gas + -fy.] To convert into gas, or an aÎriform fluid, as by the application of heat, or by chemical processes.
Gas"i*fy (?), v. i. To become gas; to pass from a liquid to a gaseous state. Scientific American.
Gas"ket (?), n. [Cf. F. garcette, It. gaschetta, Sp. cajeta caburn, garceta reef point.] 1. (Naut.) A line or band used to lash a furled sail securely. Sea gaskets are common lines; harbor gaskets are plaited and decorated lines or bands. Called also casket.
2. (Mech.) (a) The plaited hemp used for packing a piston, as of the steam engine and its pumps. (b) Any ring or washer of packing.
Gas"kins (?), n. pl. [Cf. Galligaskins.] 1. Loose hose or breeches; galligaskins. [Obs.] Shak.
2. Packing of hemp. Simmonds.
3. A horse's thighs. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.
Gas"light` (?), n. 1. The light yielded by the combustion of illuminating gas.
2. A gas jet or burner.
Gas"o*gen (?), n. [Gas + - gen.] 1. An apparatus for the generation of gases, or for impregnating a liquid with a gas, or a gas with a volatile liquid.
2. A volatile hydrocarbon, used as an illuminant, or for charging illuminating gas.
Gas`o*lene (?), n. See Gasoline.
Gas`o*lier" (?), n. Same as Gasalier.
Gas"o*line (? or ?; 104), n. A highly volatile mixture of fluid hydrocarbons, obtained from petroleum, as also by the distillation of bituminous coal. It is used in making air gas, and in giving illuminating power to water gas. See Carburetor.
Gas*om"e*ter (? or ?), n. [Gas + -meter. Cf. F. gazomËtre.] An apparatus for holding and measuring of gas; in gas works, a huge iron cylinder closed at one end and having the other end immersed in water, in which it is made to rise or fall, according to the volume of gas it contains, or the pressure required.
{ Gas`o*met"ric (? or ?), Gas`o*met"ric*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to the measurement of gases; as, gasometric analysis.
Gas*om"e*try (? or ?), n. The art or practice of measuring gases; also, the science which treats of the nature and properties of these elastic fluids. Coxe.
Gas"o*scope (?), n. [Gas + - scope.] An apparatus for detecting the presence of any dangerous gas, from a gas leak in a coal mine or a dwelling house.
Gasp (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gasped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gasping.] [OE. gaspen, gaispen, to yawn, gasp, Icel. geispa to yawn; akin to Sw. g‰spa, Dan. gispe to gasp.] 1. To open the mouth wide in catching the breath, or in laborious respiration; to labor for breath; to respire convulsively; to pant violently.
She gasps and struggles hard for life.
Lloyd.
2. To pant with eagerness; to show vehement desire.
Quenching the gasping furrows' thirst with rain.
Spenser.
Gasp, v. t. To emit or utter with gasps; -- with forth, out, away, etc.
And with short sobs he gasps away his breath.
Dryden.
Gasp, n. The act of opening the mouth convulsively to catch the breath; a labored respiration; a painful catching of the breath.
At the last gasp, at the point of death. Addison.
Gas"per*eau (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The alewife. [Local, Canada]
Gas*se"ri*an (?), a. Relating to Casserio (L. Gasserius), the discover of the Gasserian ganglion.
Gasserian ganglion (Anat.), a large ganglion, at the root of the trigeminal, or fifth cranial, nerve.
Gas"sing (?), n. 1. (Manuf.) The process of passing cotton goods between two rollers and exposing them to numerous minute jets of gas to burn off the small fibers; any similar process of singeing.
2. Boasting; insincere or empty talk. [Slang]
Gas"sy (?), a. Full of gas; like gas. Hence: [Colloq.] Inflated; full of boastful or insincere talk.
Gast (?), v. t. [OE. gasten, g&?;sten to frighten, akin to Goth. usgaisjan. See Aghast, Ghastly, and cf. Gaze.] To make aghast; to frighten; to terrify. See Aghast. [Obs.] Chaucer. Shak.
Gast"er (?), v. t. To gast. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
||Gas`te*ro*my*ce"tes (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; stomach + &?; a ||mushroom.] (Bot.) An order of fungi, in which the spores are borne ||inside a sac called the peridium, as in the puffballs.
Gas"ter*o*pod (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Same as Gastropod.
||Gas`te*rop`o*da (?), n. pl. (Zoˆl.) Same as Gastropoda.
Gas`ter*op"o*dous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Same as Gastropodous.
Gast"ful, Gast"ly (&?;), a. [Obs.] See Ghastful, Ghastly.
Gas"tight` (?), a. So tightly fitted as to preclude the escape of gas; impervious to gas.
Gast"ness (?), n. See Ghastness. [Obs.]
||Gas*tor"nis (?), n. [NL., from Gaston M. Plante, the discover + Gr. ||&?; bird.] (Paleon.) A genus of large eocene birds from the Paris ||basin.
||Gas*trÊ"a (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?;, &?;, the stomach.] (Biol.) A ||primeval larval form; a double-walled sac from which, according to ||the hypothesis of Haeckel, man and all other animals, that in the ||first stages of their individual evolution pass through a two-layered ||structural stage, or gastrula form, must have descended. This idea ||constitutes the GastrÊa theory of Haeckel. See Gastrula.
||Gas*tral"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, stomach + &?; pain.] ||(Med.) Pain in the stomach or epigastrium, as in gastric disorders.
Gas"tric (?), a. [Gr. &?;, &?;, stomach: cf. F. gastrique.] Of, pertaining to, or situated near, the stomach; as, the gastric artery.
Gastric digestion (Physiol.), the conversion of the albuminous portion of food in the stomach into soluble and diffusible products by the solvent action of gastric juice. -- Gastric fever (Med.), a fever attended with prominent gastric symptoms; -- a name applied to certain forms of typhoid fever; also, to catarrhal inflammation of the stomach attended with fever. -- Gastric juice (Physiol.), a thin, watery fluid, with an acid reaction, secreted by a peculiar set of glands contained in the mucous membrane of the stomach. It consists mainly of dilute hydrochloric acid and the ferment pepsin. It is the most important digestive fluid in the body, but acts only on proteid foods. -- Gastric remittent fever (Med.), a form of remittent fever with pronounced stomach symptoms.
Gas*tril"o*quist (?), n. [Gr. gasth`r, gastro`s, stomach + L. loqui to speak.] One who appears to speak from his stomach; a ventriloquist.
Gas*tril"o*quous (?), a. Ventriloquous. [R.]
Gas*tril"o*quy (?), n. A voice or utterance which appears to proceed from the stomach; ventriloquy.
||Gas*tri"tis (?), n. [NL., from. Gr. &?;, &?;, stomach + -itis.] ||(Med.) Inflammation of the stomach, esp. of its mucuos membrane.
Gas"tro- (?). A combining form from the Gr. &?;, &?;, the stomach, or belly; as in gastrocolic, gastrocele, gastrotomy.
Gas`troc*ne"mi*us (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; the calf of the leg.] (Anat.) The muscle which makes the greater part of the calf of the leg.
Gas`tro*col"ic (?), a. [Gastro- + colic.] (Anat.) Pertaining to both the stomach and the colon; as, the gastrocolic, or great, omentum.
Gas`tro*disc (?), n. [Gastro- + disc.] (Biol.) That part of blastoderm where the hypoblast appears like a small disk on the inner face of the epibladst.
Gas`tro*du"o*de"nal (?), a. [Gastro- + -duodenal.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the stomach and duodenum; as, the gastroduodenal artery.
Gas`tro*du`o*de*ni"tis (?), n. [NL. See Gastroduodenal, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the stomach and duodenum. It is one of the most frequent causes of jaundice.
Gas`tro*el`y*trot"o*my (?), n. [Gastro- + Gr &?; sheath + &?; a cutting] (Surg.) The operation of cutting into the upper part of the vagina, through the abdomen (without opening the peritoneum), for the purpose of removing a fetus. It is a substitute for the CÊsarean operation, and less dangerous.
Gas`tro*en*te"ric (?), a. [Gastro- + -enteric.] (Anat. & Med.) Gastrointestinal.
||Gas`tro*en`te*ri"tis (?), n. [NL. See Gastroenrteric, and -itis.] ||(Med.) Inflammation of the lining membrane of the stomach and the ||intestines.
Gas`tro*ep`i*plo"ic (?), a. [Gastro- + -epiploic.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the stomach and omentum.
Gas`tro*he*pat"ic (?), a. [Gastro- + -hepatic.] (Med.) Pertaining to the stomach and liver; hepatogastric; as, the gastrohepatic, or lesser, omentum.
Gas`tro*hys`ter*ot"o*my (?), n. [Gastro- + Gr. &?; womb + &?; to cut.] (Surg.) CÊsarean section. See under CÊsarean.
Gas`tro*in*tes"ti*nal (?), a. [Gastro- + -intestinal.] (Anat. & Med.) Of or pertaining to the stomach and intestines; gastroenteric.
Gas`tro*lith (?), n. [Gastro- + -lith.] (Zoˆl.) See Crab's eyes, under Crab.
Gas*trol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr &?;; &?;, &?;, stomach + &?; discourse: cf. F. gastrologie.] The science which treats of the structure and functions of the stomach; a treatise of the stomach.
||Gas`tro*ma*la"ci*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, stomach + &?; ||softness, fr. &?; soft.] (Med.) A softening of the coats of the ||stomach; -- usually a post- morten change.
Gas`tro*man"cy (?), n. [Gastro- + -mancy: cf. F. gastromancy.] (Antiq.) (a) A kind of divination, by means of words seemingly uttered from the stomach. (b) A species of divination, by means of glasses or other round, transparent vessels, in the center of which figures are supposed to appear by magic art.
||Gas`tro*my"ces (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, stomach + &?;, &?;, a ||fungus.] (Biol.) The fungoid growths sometimes found in the stomach; ||such as Torula, etc.
Gas"tro*myth (?), n. [Gastro- + Gr. &?; to say, speak.] One whose voice appears to proceed from the stomach; a ventriloquist. [Obs.]
{ Gas"tro*nome (?), Gas*tron"o*mer (?), } n. [F. gastronome, fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, stomach + &?; law, &?; to distribute.] One fond of good living; an epicure. Sir W. Scott.
Gas`tro*nom"ic (?), Gas`tro*nom"ic*al (&?;), a. [Cf. F. gastronomique.] Pertaining to gastromony.
Gas*tron"o*mist (?), n. A gastromomer.
Gas*tron"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. gastronomie.] The art or science of good eating; epicurism; the art of good cheer.
Gas`tro*phren"ic (?), a. [Gastro- + -phrenic.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the stomach and diaphragm; as, the gastrophrenic ligament.
Gas`tro*pneu*mat"ic (?), a. [Gastro- + pneumatic.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the alimentary canal and air passages, and to the cavities connected with them; as, the gastropneumatic mucuos membranes.
Gas"tro*pod (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Gastropoda. [Written also gasteropod.]
||Gas*trop"o*da (?), n. pl., [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, stomach + -poda.] ||(Zoˆl.) One of the classes of Mollusca, of great extent. It includes ||most of the marine spiral shells, and the land and fresh-water ||snails. They generally creep by means of a flat, muscular disk, or ||foot, on the ventral side of the body. The head usually bears one or ||two pairs of tentacles. See Mollusca. [Written also Gasteropoda.]
The Gastropoda are divided into three subclasses; viz.: (a) The Streptoneura or Dioecia, including the Pectinibranchiata, Rhipidoglossa, Docoglossa, and Heteropoda. (b) The Euthyneura, including the Pulmonata and Opisthobranchia. (c) The Amphineura, including the Polyplacophora and Aplacophora.
Gas*trop"o*dous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Gastropoda.
Gas*tror"a*phy (?), n. [Gr.&?;; &?;, &?;, stomach + &?; a sewing, fr. &?; to sew: cf. F. gastrorrhaphie.] (Surg.) The operation of sewing up wounds of the abdomen. Quincy.
Gas"tro*scope (?), n. [Gastro- + -scope.] (Med.) An instrument for viewing or examining the interior of the stomach.
Gas`tro*scop"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to gastroscopy.
Gas*tros"co*py (?), n. (Med.) Examination of the abdomen or stomach, as with the gastroscope.
Gas`tro*splen"ic (?), n. [Gastro- + splenic.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the stomach and spleen; as, the gastrosplenic ligament.
Gas*tros"tege (?), n. [Gastro- + Gr. &?; roof.] (Zoˆl.) One of the large scales on the belly of a serpent.
Gas*tros"to*my (?), n. [Gastro- + Gr. &?; mouth.] (Surg.) The operation of making a permanent opening into the stomach, for the introduction of food.
Gas*trot"o*my (?), n. [Gastro + Gr. &?; to cut: cf. F. gastrotomie.] (Surg.) A cutting into, or opening of, the abdomen or the stomach.
||Gas*trot"ri*cha (?), n. pl., [NL., fr. Gr. &?; belly + &?;, &?;, ||hair.] (Zoˆl.) A group of small wormlike animals, having cilia on the ||ventral side. The group is regarded as an ancestral or synthetic one, ||related to rotifers and annelids.
||Gas*trot"ro*cha (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, stomach + &?; a ||wheel.] (Zoˆl.) A form of annelid larva having cilia on the ventral ||side.
Gas`tro*vas"cu*lar (?), a. [Gastro- + -vascular.] (Zoˆl.) Having the structure, or performing the functions, both of digestive and circulatory organs; as, the gastrovascular cavity of cúlenterates.
||Gas"tru*la (?), n.; pl. GastrulÊ (#) [NL., dim. fr. Gr. &?; the ||stomach.] (Biol.) An embryonic form having its origin in the ||invagination or pushing in of the wall of the planula or blastula ||(the blastosphere) on one side, thus giving rise to a double- walled ||sac, with one opening or mouth (the blastopore) which leads into the ||cavity (the archenteron) lined by the inner wall (the hypoblast). See ||Illust. under Invagination. In a more general sense, an ideal stage ||in embryonic development. See GastrÊa. -- a. Of or pertaining to a ||gastrula.
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Gas`tru*la"tion (gs`tr*l"shn), n. (Biol.) The process of invagination, in embryonic development, by which a gastrula is formed.
||Gas*tru"ra (gs*tr"r), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gasth`r belly + o'yra` ||tail.] (Zoˆl.) See Stomatopoda.
Gas*tru"rous (-rs), a. (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the Gastrura.
Gat (gt), imp. of Get. [Obs.]
Gate (gt), n. [OE. et, eat, giat, gate, door, AS. geat, gat, gate, door; akin to OS., D., & Icel. gat opening, hole, and perh. to E. gate a way, gait, and get, v. Cf. Gate a way, 3d Get.] 1. A large door or passageway in the wall of a city, of an inclosed field or place, or of a grand edifice, etc.; also, the movable structure of timber, metal, etc., by which the passage can be closed.
2. An opening for passage in any inclosing wall, fence, or barrier; or the suspended framework which closes or opens a passage. Also, figuratively, a means or way of entrance or of exit.
Knowest thou the way to Dover? Both stile and gate, horse way and footpath.
Shak.
Opening a gate for a long war.
Knolles.
3. A door, valve, or other device, for stopping the passage of water through a dam, lock, pipe, etc.
4. (Script.) The places which command the entrances or access; hence, place of vantage; power; might.
The gates of hell shall not prevail against it.
Matt. xvi. 18.
5. In a lock tumbler, the opening for the stump of the bolt to pass through or into.
6. (Founding) (a) The channel or opening through which metal is poured into the mold; the ingate. (b) The waste piece of metal cast in the opening; a sprue or sullage piece. [Written also geat and git.]
Gate chamber, a recess in the side wall of a canal lock, which receives the opened gate. -- Gate channel. See Gate, 5. -- Gate hook, the hook-formed piece of a gate hinge. -- Gate money, entrance money for admission to an inclosure. -- Gate tender, one in charge of a gate, as at a railroad crossing. -- Gate valva, a stop valve for a pipe, having a sliding gate which affords a straight passageway when open. -- Gate vein (Anat.), the portal vein. -- To break gates (Eng. Univ.), to enter a college inclosure after the hour to which a student has been restricted. -- To stand in the gate, or gates, to occupy places or advantage, power, or defense.
Gate, v. t. 1. To supply with a gate.
2. (Eng. Univ.) To punish by requiring to be within the gates at an earlier hour than usual.
Gate, n. [Icel. gata; akin to SW. gata street, lane, Dan. gade, Goth. gatwˆ, G. gasse. Cf. Gate a door, Gait.] 1. A way; a path; a road; a street (as in Highgate). [O. Eng. & Scot.]
I was going to be an honest man; but the devil has this very day flung first a lawyer, and then a woman, in my gate.
Sir W. Scott.
2. Manner; gait. [O. Eng. & Scot.]
Gat"ed (?), a. Having gates. Young.
Gate"house` (?), n. A house connected or associated with a gate.
Gate"less, a. Having no gate.
Gate"man (?), n. A gate keeper; a gate tender.
Gate"post` (?), n. 1. A post to which a gate is hung; -- called also swinging or hinging post.
2. A post against which a gate closes; -- called also shutting post.
Gate"way` (?), n. A passage through a fence or wall; a gate; also, a frame, arch, etc., in which a gate in hung, or a structure at an entrance or gate designed for ornament or defense.
Gate"wise` (?), adv. In the manner of a gate.
Three circles of stones set up gatewise.
Fuller.
Gath"er (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gathered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gathering.] [OE. gaderen, AS. gaderian, gadrian, fr. gador, geador, together, fr. gÊd fellowship; akin to E. good, D. gaderen to collect, G. gatte husband, MHG. gate, also companion, Goth. gadiliggs a sister's son. √29. See Good, and cf. Together.]
1. To bring together; to collect, as a number of separate things, into one place, or into one aggregate body; to assemble; to muster; to congregate.
And Belgium's capital had gathered them Her beauty and her chivalry.
Byron.
When he had gathered all the chief priests and scribes of the people together.
Matt. ii. 4.
2. To pick out and bring together from among what is of less value; to collect, as a harvest; to harvest; to cull; to pick off; to pluck.
A rose just gathered from the stalk.
Dryden.
Do men gather grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles?
Matt. vii. 16.
Gather us from among the heathen.
Ps. cvi. 47.
3. To accumulate by collecting and saving little by little; to amass; to gain; to heap up.
He that by usury and unjust gain increaseth his substance, he shall gather it for him that will pity the poor.
Prov. xxviii. 8.
To pay the creditor . . . he must gather up money by degrees.
Locke.
4. To bring closely together the parts or particles of; to contract; to compress; to bring together in folds or plaits, as a garment; also, to draw together, as a piece of cloth by a thread; to pucker; to plait; as, to gather a ruffle.
Gathering his flowing robe, he seemed to stand In act to speak, and graceful stretched his hand.
Pope.
5. To derive, or deduce, as an inference; to collect, as a conclusion, from circumstances that suggest, or arguments that prove; to infer; to conclude.
Let me say no more! Gather the sequel by that went before.
Shak.
6. To gain; to win. [Obs.]
He gathers ground upon her in the chase.
Dryden.
7. (Arch.) To bring together, or nearer together, in masonry, as where the width of a fireplace is rapidly diminished to the width of the flue, or the like.
8. (Naut.) To haul in; to take up; as, to gather the slack of a rope.
To be gathered to one's people, or to one's fathers to die. Gen. xxv. 8. -- To gather breath, to recover normal breathing after being out of breath; to get breath; to rest. Spenser. -- To gather one's self together, to collect and dispose one's powers for a great effort, as a beast crouches preparatory to a leap. -- To gather way (Naut.), to begin to move; to move with increasing speed.
Gath"er (?), v. i. 1. To come together; to collect; to unite; to become assembled; to congregate.
When small humors gather to a gout.
Pope.
Tears from the depth of some divine despair Rise in the heart, and gather to the eyes.
Tennyson.
2. To grow larger by accretion; to increase.
Their snowball did not gather as it went.
Bacon.
3. To concentrate; to come to a head, as a sore, and generate pus; as, a boil has gathered.
4. To collect or bring things together.
Thou knewest that I reap where I sowed not, and gather where I have not strewed.
Matt. xxv. 26.
Gath"er, n. 1. A plait or fold in cloth, made by drawing a thread through it; a pucker.
2. (Carriage Making) The inclination forward of the axle journals to keep the wheels from working outward.
3. (Arch.) The soffit or under surface of the masonry required in gathering. See Gather, v. t., 7.
Gath"er*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being gathered or collected; deducible from premises. [R.] Godwin.
Gath"er*er (?), n. 1. One who gathers or collects.
2. (Sewing Machine) An attachment for making gathers in the cloth.
Gath"er*ing, n. 1. The act of collecting or bringing together.
2. That which is gathered, collected, or brought together; as: (a) A crowd; an assembly; a congregation. (b) A charitable contribution; a collection. (c) A tumor or boil suppurated or maturated; an abscess.
Gath"er*ing, a. Assembling; collecting; used for gathering or concentrating.
Gathering board (Bookbinding), a table or board on which signatures are gathered or assembled, to form a book. Knight. -- Gathering coal, a lighted coal left smothered in embers over night, about which kindling wood is gathered in the morning. -- Gathering hoop, a hoop used by coopers to draw together the ends of barrel staves, to allow the hoops to be slipped over them. -- Gathering peat. (a) A piece of peat used as a gathering coal, to preserve a fire. (b) In Scotland, a fiery peat which was sent round by the Borderers as an alarm signal, as the fiery cross was by the Highlanders.
Gat"ling gun` (&?;). [From the inventor, R.J. Gatling.] An American machine gun, consisting of a cluster of barrels which, being revolved by a crank, are automatically loaded and fired.
The improved Gatling gun can be fired at the rate of 1,200 shots per minute. Farrow.
Gat"ten tree` (?). [Cf. Prov. E. gatter bush.] (Bot.) A name given to the small trees called guelder- rose (Viburnum Opulus), cornel (Cornus sanguinea), and spindle tree (Euonymus EuropÊus).
Gat"-toothed` (?), a. [OE. gat goat + tooth. See Goat the animal.] Goat-toothed; having a lickerish tooth; lustful; wanton. [Obs.]
||Gauche (gsh), n. [F.] 1. Left handed; hence, awkward; clumsy.
2. (Geom.) Winding; twisted; warped; - - applied to curves and surfaces.
||Gauche`rie" (?), n. [F.] An awkward action; clumsiness; boorishness.
||Gau"cho (gou"ch), n., pl. Gauchos (-chz) [Sp.] One of the native ||inhabitants of the pampas, of Spanish-American descent. They live ||mostly by rearing cattle.
Gaud (?), n. [OE. gaude jest, trick, gaudi bead of a rosary, fr. L. gaudium joy, gladness. See Joy.] 1. Trick; jest; sport. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. Deceit; fraud; artifice; device. [Obs.] Chaucer.
3. An ornament; a piece of worthless finery; a trinket. "An idle gaud." Shak.
Gaud, v. i. [Cf. F. se gaudir to rejoice, fr. L. gaudere. See Gaud, n.] To sport or keep festival. [Obs.] "Gauding with his familiars. " [Obs.] Sir T. North.
Gaud, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gauded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gauding.] To bedeck gaudily; to decorate with gauds or showy trinkets or colors; to paint. [Obs.] "Nicely gauded cheeks." Shak.
Gaud"-day` (?), n. See Gaudy, a feast.
Gaud"er*y (?), n. Finery; ornaments; ostentatious display. [R.] "Tarnished gaudery." Dryden.
Gaud"ful (?), a. Joyful; showy. [Obs.]
Gaud"i*ly (?), adv. In a gaudy manner. Guthrie.
Gaud"i*ness, n. The quality of being gaudy. Whitlock.
Gaud"ish, a. Gaudy. "Gaudish ceremonies." Bale.
Gaud"less, a. Destitute of ornament. [R.]
Gaud"y (?), a. [Compar. Gaudier (?); superl. Gauidiest.] 1. Ostentatiously fine; showy; gay, but tawdry or meretricious.
Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy, But not expressed in fancy; rich, not gaudy.
Shak.
2. Gay; merry; festal. Tennyson.
Let's have one other gaudy night.
Shak.
Gaud"y, n.; pl. Gaudies (#) [See Gaud, n.] One of the large beads in the rosary at which the paternoster is recited. [Obs.] Gower.
Gaud"y, n. A feast or festival; -- called also gaud-day and gaudy day. [Oxford Univ.] Conybeare.
Gaud"y*green` (?), a. or n. [OE. gaude grene.] Light green. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.
Gauf"fer (?), v. t. [F. gaufrer to figure cloth, velvet, and other stuffs, fr. gaufre honeycomb, waffle; of German origin. See Waffle, Wafer, and cf. Goffer, Gopher an animal.] To plait, crimp, or flute; to goffer, as lace. See Goffer.
Gauf"fer*ing (?), n. A mode of plaiting or fluting.
Gauffering iron, a kind of fluting iron for fabrics. -- Gauffering press (Flower Manuf.), a press for crimping the leaves and petals into shape.
||Gauf"fre (?), n. [See Gopher.] (Zoˆl.) A gopher, esp. the pocket ||gopher.
Gauge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gauged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gauging (?)] [OF. gaugier, F. jauger, cf. OF. gauge gauge, measuring rod, F. jauge; of uncertain origin; perh. fr. an assumed L. qualificare to determine the qualities of a thing (see Qualify); but cf. also F. jalon a measuring stake in surveying, and E. gallon.] [Written also gage.]
1. To measure or determine with a gauge.
2. To measure or to ascertain the contents or the capacity of, as of a pipe, barrel, or keg.
3. (Mech.) To measure the dimensions of, or to test the accuracy of the form of, as of a part of a gunlock.
The vanes nicely gauged on each side.
Derham.
4. To draw into equidistant gathers by running a thread through it, as cloth or a garment.
5. To measure the capacity, character, or ability of; to estimate; to judge of.
You shall not gauge me By what we do to-night.
Shak.
Gauge, n. [Written also gage.] 1. A measure; a standard of measure; an instrument to determine dimensions, distance, or capacity; a standard.
This plate must be a gauge to file your worm and groove to equal breadth by.
Moxon.
There is not in our hands any fixed gauge of minds.
I. Taylor.
2. Measure; dimensions; estimate.
The gauge and dimensions of misery, depression, and contempt.
Burke.
3. (Mach. & Manuf.) Any instrument for ascertaining or regulating the dimensions or forms of things; a templet or template; as, a button maker's gauge.
4. (Physics) Any instrument or apparatus for measuring the state of a phenomenon, or for ascertaining its numerical elements at any moment; -- usually applied to some particular instrument; as, a rain gauge; a steam gauge.
5. (Naut.) (a) Relative positions of two or more vessels with reference to the wind; as, a vessel has the weather gauge of another when on the windward side of it, and the lee gauge when on the lee side of it. (b) The depth to which a vessel sinks in the water. Totten.
6. The distance between the rails of a railway.
The standard gauge of railroads in most countries is four feet, eight and one half inches. Wide, or broad, gauge, in the United States, is six feet; in England, seven feet, and generally any gauge exceeding standard gauge. Any gauge less than standard gauge is now called narrow gauge. It varies from two feet to three feet six inches.
7. (Plastering) The quantity of plaster of Paris used with common plaster to accelerate its setting.
8. (Building) That part of a shingle, slate, or tile, which is exposed to the weather, when laid; also, one course of such shingles, slates, or tiles.
Gauge of a carriage, car, etc., the distance between the wheels; -- ordinarily called the track. -- Gauge cock, a stop cock used as a try cock for ascertaining the height of the water level in a steam boiler. -- Gauge concussion (Railroads), the jar caused by a car-wheel flange striking the edge of the rail. -- Gauge glass, a glass tube for a water gauge. -- Gauge lathe, an automatic lathe for turning a round object having an irregular profile, as a baluster or chair round, to a templet or gauge. -- Gauge point, the diameter of a cylinder whose altitude is one inch, and contents equal to that of a unit of a given measure; -- a term used in gauging casks, etc. -- Gauge rod, a graduated rod, for measuring the capacity of barrels, casks, etc. -- Gauge saw, a handsaw, with a gauge to regulate the depth of cut. Knight. -- Gauge stuff, a stiff and compact plaster, used in making cornices, moldings, etc., by means of a templet. -- Gauge wheel, a wheel at the forward end of a plow beam, to determine the depth of the furrow. -- Joiner's gauge, an instrument used to strike a line parallel to the straight side of a board, etc. -- Printer's gauge, an instrument to regulate the length of the page. -- Rain gauge, an instrument for measuring the quantity of rain at any given place. -- Salt gauge, or Brine gauge, an instrument or contrivance for indicating the degree of saltness of water from its specific gravity, as in the boilers of ocean steamers. -- Sea gauge, an instrument for finding the depth of the sea. -- Siphon gauge, a glass siphon tube, partly filled with mercury, -- used to indicate pressure, as of steam, or the degree of rarefaction produced in the receiver of an air pump or other vacuum; a manometer. -- Sliding gauge. (Mach.) (a) A templet or pattern for gauging the commonly accepted dimensions or shape of certain parts in general use, as screws, railway-car axles, etc. (b) A gauge used only for testing other similar gauges, and preserved as a reference, to detect wear of the working gauges. (c) (Railroads) See Note under Gauge, n., 5. -- Star gauge (Ordnance), an instrument for measuring the diameter of the bore of a cannon at any point of its length. -- Steam gauge, an instrument for measuring the pressure of steam, as in a boiler. -- Tide gauge, an instrument for determining the height of the tides. -- Vacuum gauge, a species of barometer for determining the relative elasticities of the vapor in the condenser of a steam engine and the air. -- Water gauge. (a) A contrivance for indicating the height of a water surface, as in a steam boiler; as by a gauge cock or glass. (b) The height of the water in the boiler. -- Wind gauge, an instrument for measuring the force of the wind on any given surface; an anemometer. -- Wire gauge, a gauge for determining the diameter of wire or the thickness of sheet metal; also, a standard of size. See under Wire.
<! p. 616 !>
Gauge"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being gauged.
Gauged (?), p. a. Tested or measured by, or conformed to, a gauge.
Gauged brick, brick molded, rubbed, or cut to an exact size and shape, for arches or ornamental work. -- Gauged mortar. See Gauge stuff, under Gauge, n.
Gau"ger (?), n. One who gauges; an officer whose business it is to ascertain the contents of casks.
Gau"ger-ship, n. The office of a gauger.
Gau"ging rod`. See Gauge rod, under Gauge, n.
Gaul (?), n. [F. Gaule, fr. L. Gallia, fr. Gallus a Gaul.] 1. The Anglicized form of Gallia, which in the time of the Romans included France and Upper Italy (Transalpine and Cisalpine Gaul).
2. A native or inhabitant of Gaul.
Gaul"ish (?), a. Pertaining to ancient France, or Gaul; Gallic. [R.]
Gault (?), n. [Cf. Norw. gald hard ground, Icel. gald hard snow.] (Geol.) A series of beds of clay and marl in the South of England, between the upper and lower greensand of the Cretaceous period.
||Gaul*the"ri*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of ericaceous shrubs with ||evergreen foliage, and, often, edible berries. It includes the ||American winter- green (Gaultheria procumbens), and the ||larger-fruited salal of Northwestern America (Gaultheria Shallon).
Gaunt (?), a. [Cf. Norw. gand a thin pointed stick, a tall and thin man, and W. gwan weak.] Attenuated, as with fasting or suffering; lean; meager; pinched and grim. "The gaunt mastiff." Pope.
A mysterious but visible pestilence, striding gaunt and fleshless across our land.
Nichols.
Gaunt"let (?), n. (Mil.) See Gantlet.
Gaunt"let (?), n. [F. gantelet, dim. of gant glove, LL. wantus, of Teutonic origin; cf. D. want, Sw. & Dan. vante, Icel. vˆttr, for vantr.] 1. A glove of such material that it defends the hand from wounds.
The gauntlet of the Middle Ages was sometimes of chain mail, sometimes of leather partly covered with plates, scales, etc., of metal sewed to it, and, in the 14th century, became a glove of small steel plates, carefully articulated and covering the whole hand except the palm and the inside of the fingers.
2. A long glove, covering the wrist.
3. (Naut.) A rope on which hammocks or clothes are hung for drying.
To take up the gauntlet, to accept a challenge. -- To throw down the gauntlet, to offer or send a challenge. The gauntlet or glove was thrown down by the knight challenging, and was taken up by the one who accepted the challenge; -- hence the phrases.
Gaunt"lett*ed, a. Wearing a gauntlet.
Gaunt"ly, adv. In a gaunt manner; meagerly.
{ Gaun"tree (?), Gaun"try (?), } n. [F. chantier, LL. cantarium, fr. L. canterius trellis, sort of frame.] 1. A frame for supporting barrels in a cellar or elsewhere. Sir W. Scott.
2. (Engin.) A scaffolding or frame carrying a crane or other structure. Knight.
||Gaur (gr or gour), n. [Native name.] (Zoˆl.) An East Indian species ||of wild cattle (Bibos gauris), of large size and an untamable ||disposition. [Spelt also gour.]
Gaure (gr), v. i. To gaze; to stare. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gauze (gz), n. [F. gaze; so called because it was first introduced from Gaza, a city of Palestine.] A very thin, slight, transparent stuff, generally of silk; also, any fabric resembling silk gauze; as, wire gauze; cotton gauze.
Gauze dresser, one employed in stiffening gauze.
Gauze, a. Having the qualities of gauze; thin; light; as, gauze merino underclothing.
Gauz"i*ness (?), n. The quality of being gauzy; flimsiness. Ruskin.
Gauz"y (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, gauze; thin and slight as gauze.
Gave (gv), imp. of Give.
Gav"el (gv"l), n. A gable. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Gav"el, n. [OF. gavelle, F. javelle, prob. dim. from L. capulus handle, fr. capere to lay hold of, seize; or cf. W. gafael hold, grasp. Cf. Heave.] A small heap of grain, not tied up into a bundle. Wright.
Gav"el, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] 1. The mallet of the presiding officer in a legislative body, public assembly, court, masonic body, etc.
2. A mason's setting maul. Knight.
Gav"el, n. [OF. gavel, AS. gafol, prob. fr. gifan to give. See Give, and cf. Gabel tribute.] (Law) Tribute; toll; custom. [Obs.] See Gabel. Cowell.
Gav"el*et (?), n. [From Gavel tribute.] (O. Eng. Law) An ancient special kind of cessavit used in Kent and London for the recovery of rent. [Obs.]
Gav"el*kind` (?), n. [OE. gavelkynde, gavelkende. See Gavel tribute, and Kind, n.] (O. Eng. Law) A tenure by which land descended from the father to all his sons in equal portions, and the land of a brother, dying without issue, descended equally to his brothers. It still prevails in the county of Kent. Cowell.
Gav"e*loche (?), n. Same as Gavelock.
Gav"e*lock (?), n. [OE. gaveloc a dart, AS. gafeluc; cf. Icel. gaflok, MHG. gabil&?;t, OF. gavelot, glavelot, F. javelot, Ir. gabhla spear, W. gaflach fork, dart, E. glave, gaff] 1. A spear or dart. [R. & Obs.]
2. An iron crow or lever. [Scot. & North of Eng.]
Ga"ver*ick (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The European red gurnard (Trigla cuculus). [Prov. Eng.]
||Ga"viÊ (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. gavia a sea mew.] (Zoˆl.) The ||division of birds which includes the gulls and terns.
Ga"vi*al (g"v*al), n. [Hind. ghaiyl: cf. F. gavial.] (Zoˆl.) A large Asiatic crocodilian (Gavialis Gangeticus); -- called also nako, and Gangetic crocodile.
The gavial has a long, slender muzzle, teeth of nearly uniform size, and feet completely webbed. It inhabits the Ganges and other rivers of India. The name is also applied to several allied fossil species.
Gav"ot (? or ?; 277), n. [F. gavotte, fr. Gavots, a people inhabiting a mountainous district in France, called Gap.] (Mus.) A kind of difficult dance; a dance tune, the air of which has two brisk and lively, yet dignified, strains in common time, each played twice over. [Written also gavotte.]
Gaw"by (g"b), n. A baby; a dunce. [Prov. Eng.]
Gawk (gk), n. [OE. gok, gowk, cuckoo, fool, Icel. gaukr cuckoo; akin to OHG. gouh, G. gauch cuckoo, fool, AS. gÈac cuckoo, Sw. gˆk, Dan. giˆg] 1. A cuckoo. Johnson.
2. A simpleton; a booby; a gawky. Carlyle.
Gawk, v. i. To act like a gawky.
Gawk"y (?), a. [Compar. Gawkier (?); superl. Gawkiest.] Foolish and awkward; clumsy; clownish; as, gawky behavior. -- n. A fellow who is awkward from being overgrown, or from stupidity, a gawk.
Gawn (?), n. [Corrupted fr. gallon.] A small tub or lading vessel. [Prov. Eng.] Johnson.
Gawn"tree (?), n. See Gauntree.
Gay (?), a. [Compar. Gayer (?); superl. Gayest.] [F. gai, perhaps fr. OHG. g&?;hi swift, rapid, G. g‰h, j‰h, steep, hasty; or cf. OHG. w&?;hi beatiful, good. Cf. Jay.]
1. Excited with merriment; manifesting sportiveness or delight; inspiring delight; livery; merry.
Belinda smiled, and all the world was gay.
Pope.
Gay hope is theirs by fancy fed.
Gray.
2. Brilliant in colors; splendid; fine; richly dressed.
Why is my neighbor's wife so gay?
Chaucer.
A bevy of fair women, richly gay In gems and wanton dress!
Milton.
3. Loose; dissipated; lewd. [Colloq.]
Syn. -- Merry; gleeful; blithe; airy; lively; sprightly, sportive; light-hearted; frolicsome; jolly; jovial; joyous; joyful; glad; showy; splendid; vivacious.
Gay, n. An ornament [Obs.] L'Estrange.
Gay"al (?), n. [Native name.] (Zoˆl.) A Southern Asiatic species of wild cattle (Bibos frontalis).
||Gay"di*ang (?), n. (Naut.) A vessel of Anam, with two or three masts, ||lofty triangular sails, and in construction somewhat resembling a ||Chinese junk.
Gay"e*ty (?), n.; pl. Gayeties (&?;). [Written also gaiety.] [F. gaietÈ. See Gay, a.] 1. The state of being gay; merriment; mirth; acts or entertainments prompted by, or inspiring, merry delight; -- used often in the plural; as, the gayeties of the season.
2. Finery; show; as, the gayety of dress.
Syn. -- Liveliness; mirth; animation; vivacity; glee; blithesomeness; sprightliness; jollity. See Liveliness.
Gay"lus*site` (?), n. [Named after Gay-Lussac, the French chemist.] (Min.) A yellowish white, translucent mineral, consisting of the carbonates of lime and soda, with water.
Gay"ly (?), adv. 1. With mirth and frolic; merrily; blithely; gleefully.
2. Finely; splendidly; showily; as, ladies gayly dressed; a flower gayly blooming. Pope.
Gayne (?), v. i. [See Gain.] To avail. [Obs.]
Gay"ness (?), n. Gayety; finery. [R.]
Gay"some (?), a. Full of gayety. Mir. for Mag.
Gay"tre (?), n. [See Gaitre.] The dogwood tree. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gaze (gz), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gazed (gzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Gazing.] [OE. gasen, akin to dial. Sw. gasa, cf. Goth. us-gaisjan to terrify, us- geisnan to be terrified. Cf. Aghast, Ghastly, Ghost, Hesitate.] To fix the eyes in a steady and earnest look; to look with eagerness or curiosity, as in admiration, astonishment, or with studious attention.
Why stand ye gazing up into heaven?
Acts i. 11.
Syn. -- To gape; stare; look. -- To Gaze, Gape, Stare. To gaze is to look with fixed and prolonged attention, awakened by excited interest or elevated emotion; to gape is to look fixedly, with open mouth and feelings of ignorant wonder; to stare is to look with the fixedness of insolence or of idiocy. The lover of nature gazes with delight on the beauties of the landscape; the rustic gapes with wonder at the strange sights of a large city; the idiot stares on those around with a vacant look.
Gaze, v. t. To view with attention; to gaze on. [R.]
And gazed a while the ample sky.
Milton.
Gaze, n. 1. A fixed look; a look of eagerness, wonder, or admiration; a continued look of attention.
With secret gaze Or open admiration him behold.
Milton.
2. The object gazed on.
Made of my enemies the scorn and gaze.
Milton.
At gaze (a) (Her.) With the face turned directly to the front; -- said of the figures of the stag, hart, buck, or hind, when borne, in this position, upon an escutcheon. (b) In a position expressing sudden fear or surprise; -- a term used in stag hunting to describe the manner of a stag when he first hears the hounds and gazes round in apprehension of some hidden danger; hence, standing agape; idly or stupidly gazing.
I that rather held it better men should perish one by one, Than that earth should stand at gaze like Joshua's moon in Ajalon!
Tennyson.
Ga*zee"bo (?), n. [Humorously formed from gaze.] A summerhouse so situated as to command an extensive prospect. [Colloq.]
Gaze"ful (?), a. Gazing. [R.] Spenser.
Gaze"hound` (?), n. A hound that pursues by the sight rather than by the scent. Sir W. Scott.
Ga"zel (?), n. The black currant; also, the wild plum. [Prov. Eng.]
Ga*zel" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Gazelle.
Ga*zelle" (?), n. [F. gazelle, OF. also, gazel; cf. Sp. gacela, Pr. gazella, It. gazella; all fr. Ar. ghaz&?;l a wild goat.] (Zoˆl.) One of several small, swift, elegantly formed species of antelope, of the genus Gazella, esp. G. dorcas; -- called also algazel, corinne, korin, and kevel. The gazelles are celebrated for the luster and soft expression of their eyes. [Written also gazel.]
The common species of Northern Africa (Gazella dorcas); the Arabian gazelle, or ariel (G. Arabica); the mohr of West Africa (G. mohr); the Indian (G. Bennetti); the ahu or Persian (G. subgutturosa); and the springbok or tsebe (G. euchore) of South Africa, are the best known.
Gaze"ment (?), n. View. [Obs.] Spenser.
Gaz"er (?), n. One who gazes.
Ga*zet (?), n. [It. gazeta, gazzetta, prob. dim. of L. gaza royal treasure.] A Venetian coin, worth about three English farthings, or one and a half cents. [Obs.]
Ga*zette" (?), n. [F. gazette, It. gazzetta, perh. from gazetta a Venetian coin (see Gazet), said to have been the price of the first newspaper published at Venice; or perh. dim. of gazza magpie, a name perh. applied to the first newspaper; cf. OHG. agalstra magpie, G. elster.] A newspaper; a printed sheet published periodically; esp., the official journal published by the British government, and containing legal and state notices.
Ga*zette", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gazetted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gazetting.] To announce or publish in a gazette; to announce officially, as an appointment, or a case of bankruptcy.
Gaz`et*teer" (?), n. [Cf. F. gazetier.] 1. A writer of news, or an officer appointed to publish news by authority. Johnson.
2. A newspaper; a gazette. [Obs.] Burke.
3. A geographical dictionary; a book giving the names and descriptions, etc., of many places.
4. An alphabetical descriptive list of anything.
Gaz"ing*stock` (?), n. A person or thing gazed at with scorn or abhorrence; an object of curiosity or contempt. Bp. Hall.
Gaz"o*gene (?), n. [F. gazogËne; gaz gas + -gËne, E. - gen.] A portable apparatus for making soda water or aÎrated liquids on a small scale. Knight.
Ga*zon" (?), n. [F. gazon turf, fr. OHG. waso, G. wasen.] (Fort.) One of the pieces of sod used to line or cover parapets and the faces of earthworks.
Ge- (?). An Anglo-Saxon prefix. See Y- .
Geal (?), v. i. [F. geler, fr. L. gelare, fr. gelu. See Gelid.] To congeal. [Obs. or Scot.]
Gean (?), n. [F. guigne the fruit of the gean; cf. OHG. whsila, G. weichsel.] (Bot.) A species of cherry tree common in Europe (Prunus avium); also, the fruit, which is usually small and dark in color.
Ge`an*ti*cli"nal (?), n. [Gr. &?; the earth + E. anticlinal.] (Geol.) An upward bend or flexure of a considerable portion of the earth's crust, resulting in the formation of a class of mountain elevations called anticlinoria; -- opposed to geosynclinal.
Gear (?), n. [OE. gere, ger, AS. gearwe clothing, adornment, armor, fr. gearo, gearu, ready, yare; akin to OHG. garaw, garw ornament, dress. See Yare, and cf. Garb dress.] 1. Clothing; garments; ornaments.
Array thyself in thy most gorgeous gear.
Spenser.
2. Goods; property; household stuff. Chaucer.
Homely gear and common ware.
Robynson (More's Utopia).
3. Whatever is prepared for use or wear; manufactured stuff or material.
Clad in a vesture of unknown gear.
Spenser.
4. The harness of horses or cattle; trapping.
5. Warlike accouterments. [Scot.] Jamieson.
6. Manner; custom; behavior. [Obs.] Chaucer.
7. Business matters; affairs; concern. [Obs.]
Thus go they both together to their gear.
Spenser.
8. (Mech.) (a) A toothed wheel, or cogwheel; as, a spur gear, or a bevel gear; also, toothed wheels, collectively. (b) An apparatus for performing a special function; gearing; as, the feed gear of a lathe. (c) Engagement of parts with each other; as, in gear; out of gear.
9. pl. (Naut.) See 1st Jeer (b).
10. Anything worthless; stuff; nonsense; rubbish. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Wright.
That servant of his that confessed and uttered this gear was an honest man.
Latimer.
Bever gear. See Bevel gear. -- Core gear, a mortise gear, or its skeleton. See Mortise wheel, under Mortise. -- Expansion gear (Steam Engine), the arrangement of parts for cutting off steam at a certain part of the stroke, so as to leave it to act upon the piston expansively; the cut-off. See under Expansion. -- Feed gear. See Feed motion, under Feed, n. -- Gear cutter, a machine or tool for forming the teeth of gear wheels by cutting. -- Gear wheel, any cogwheel. -- Running gear. See under Running. -- To throw in, or out of, gear (Mach.), to connect or disconnect (wheelwork or couplings, etc.); to put in, or out of, working relation.
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Gear (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Geared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gearing.] 1. To dress; to put gear on; to harness.
2. (Mach.) To provide with gearing.
Double geared, driven through twofold compound gearing, to increase the force or speed; -- said of a machine.
Gear, v. i. (Mach.) To be in, or come into, gear.
Gear"ing, n. 1. Harness.
2. (Mach.) The parts by which motion imparted to one portion of an engine or machine is transmitted to another, considered collectively; as, the valve gearing of locomotive engine; belt gearing; esp., a train of wheels for transmitting and varying motion in machinery.
Frictional gearing. See under Frictional. -- Gearing chain, an endless chain transmitted motion from one sprocket wheel to another. See Illust. of Chain wheel. -- Spur gearing, gearing in which the teeth or cogs are ranged round either the concave or the convex surface (properly the latter) of a cylindrical wheel; -- for transmitting motion between parallel shafts, etc.
Gea"son (?), a. [OE. gesen, geson, rare, scanty, AS. g&?;sne barren, wanting. Cf. Geest.] Rare; wonderful. [Obs.] Spenser.
Geat (gt), n. [See Gate a door.] (Founding) The channel or spout through which molten metal runs into a mold in casting. [Written also git, gate.]
Ge`car*cin"i*an (j`k‰r*sn"*an), n. [Gr. gh^ earth + karki`nos crab.] (Zoˆl.) A land crab of the genus Gecarcinus, or of allied genera.
Geck (?), n. [D. gek fool, fop; akin to G. geck; cf. Icel. gikkr a pert, rude person.] 1. Scorn, derision, or contempt. [Prov. Eng.]
2. An object of scorn; a dupe; a gull. [Obs.]
To become the geck and scorn O'the other's villainy.
Shak.
Geck, v. t. [Cf. OD. ghecken, G. gecken. See Geck, n.]
1. To deride; to scorn; to mock. [Prov. Eng.]
2. To cheat; trick, or gull. [Obs.] Johnson.
Geck, v. i. To jeer; to show contempt. Sir W. Scott.
Geck"o (gk"), n.; pl. Geckoes (-z). [Cf. F. & G. gecko; -- so called from the sound which the animal utters.] (Zoˆl.) Any lizard of the family GeckonidÊ. The geckoes are small, carnivorous, mostly nocturnal animals with large eyes and vertical, elliptical pupils. Their toes are generally expanded, and furnished with adhesive disks, by which they can run over walls and ceilings. They are numerous in warm countries, and a few species are found in Europe and the United States. See Wall gecko, Fanfoot.
Geck*o"tian (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A gecko.
Ged, Gedd (&?;), n. The European pike.
Gee (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Geed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Geeing.] 1. To agree; to harmonize. [Colloq. or Prov. Eng.] Forby.
2. [Cf. G. j¸, interj., used in calling to a horse, It. giÚ, F. dia, used to turn a horse to the left.] To turn to the off side, or from the driver (i.e., in the United States, to the right side); -- said of cattle, or a team; used most frequently in the imperative, often with off, by drivers of oxen, in directing their teams, and opposed to haw, or hoi. [Written also jee.]
In England, the teamster walks on the right-hand side of the cattle; in the United States, on the left-hand side. In all cases, however, gee means to turn from the driver, and haw to turn toward him.
Gee ho, or Gee whoa. Same as Gee.
Gee, v. t. [See Gee to turn.] To cause (a team) to turn to the off side, or from the driver. [Written also jee.]
Geer (?), Geer"ing. [Obs.] See Gear, Gearing.
Geese (?), n., pl. of Goose.
Geest (?), n. [Cf. LG. geest, geestland, sandy, dry and, OFries. gst, gst, gstlond, gstlond, fr. Fries. gst barren. Cf. Geason.] Alluvial matter on the surface of land, not of recent origin. R. Jameson.
Geet (?), n. [See Jet.] Jet. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Geez (?), n. The original native name for the ancient Ethiopic language or people. See Ethiopic.
Ge*hen"na (g*hn"n), n. [L. Gehenna, Gr. Ge`enna, Heb. G Hinnm.] (Jewish Hist.) The valley of Hinnom, near Jerusalem, where some of the Israelites sacrificed their children to Moloch, which, on this account, was afterward regarded as a place of abomination, and made a receptacle for all the refuse of the city, perpetual fires being kept up in order to prevent pestilential effluvia. In the New Testament the name is transferred, by an easy metaphor, to Hell.
The pleasant valley of Hinnom. Tophet thence And black Gehenna called, the type of Hell.
Milton.
Ge"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; earth.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, earthy or vegetable mold.
Geic acid. (Chem.) See Humin.
Ge"in (?), n. [Gr. &?; earth.] (Chem.) See Humin.
Geis"sler tube` (?). (Elec.) A glass tube provided with platinum electrodes, and containing some gas under very low tension, which becomes luminous when an electrical discharge is passed through it; -- so called from the name of a noted maker in germany. It is called also Pl¸cker tube, from the German physicist who devised it.
Gei"to*nog"a*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; neighbor + &?; marriage.] (Bot.) Fertilization of flowers by pollen from other flowers on the same plant.
Gel"a*ble (?), a. [L. gelare to congeal: cf. F. gelable. See Geal.] Capable of being congealed; capable of being converted into jelly.
||Gel"a*da (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A baboon (Gelada Ruppelli) of Abyssinia, ||remarkable for the length of the hair on the neck and shoulders of ||the adult male.
Ge*las"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; inclined to laugh, from &?; to laugh.] Pertaining to laughter; used in laughing. "Gelastic muscles." Sir T. Browne.
Ge*lat"i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Gelatin + L. -ficare. (in comp.) to make. See - fy.] (Physiol. Chem.) The formation of gelatin.
Gel`a*tig"e*nous (?), n. [Gelatin + -genous.] (Physiol. Chem.) Producing, or yielding, gelatin; gelatiniferous; as, the gelatigeneous tissues.
Gel"a*tin, Gel"a*tine (&?;), n. [F. gÈlatine, fr. L. gelare to congeal. See Geal.] (Chem.) Animal jelly; glutinous material obtained from animal tissues by prolonged boiling. Specifically (Physiol. Chem.), a nitrogeneous colloid, not existing as such in the animal body, but formed by the hydrating action of boiling water on the collagen of various kinds of connective tissue (as tendons, bones, ligaments, etc.). Its distinguishing character is that of dissolving in hot water, and forming a jelly on cooling. It is an important ingredient of calf's- foot jelly, isinglass, glue, etc. It is used as food, but its nutritious qualities are of a low order.
Both spellings, gelatin and gelatine, are in good use, but the tendency of writers on physiological chemistry favors the form in -in, as in the United States Dispensatory, the United States Pharmacopúia, Fownes' Watts' Chemistry, Brande & Cox's Dictionary.
Blasting gelatin, an explosive, containing about ninety-five parts of nitroglycerin and five of collodion. -- Gelatin process, a name applied to a number of processes in the arts, involving the use of gelatin. Especially: (a) (Photog.) A dry-plate process in which gelatin is used as a substitute for collodion as the sensitized material. This is the dry-plate process in general use, and plates of extreme sensitiveness are produced by it. (b) (Print.) A method of producing photographic copies of drawings, engravings, printed pages, etc., and also of photographic pictures, which can be printed from in a press with ink, or (in some applications of the process) which can be used as the molds of stereotype or electrotype plates. (c) (Print. or Copying) A method of producing facsimile copies of an original, written or drawn in aniline ink upon paper, thence transferred to a cake of gelatin softened with glycerin, from which impressions are taken upon ordinary paper. -- Vegetable gelatin. See Gliadin.
Ge*lat"i*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gelatinated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gelatinating.] To convert into gelatin, or into a substance resembling jelly.
Ge*lat"i*nate, v. i. To be converted into gelatin, or into a substance like jelly.
Lapis lazuli, if calcined, does not effervesce, but gelatinates with the mineral acids.
Kirwan.
Ge*lat`i*na"tion (?), n. The act of process of converting into gelatin, or a substance like jelly.
Gel"a*tine (?), n. Same as Gelatin.
Gel`a*tin*if"er*ous (?), a. [Gelatin + -ferous.] (Physiol. Chem.) Yielding gelatin on boiling with water; capable of gelatination.
Gel`a*tin"i*form (?), a. Having the form of gelatin.
Ge*lat`i*ni*za"tion (?), n. Same as Gelatination.
Ge*lat"i*nize (?), v. t. 1. To convert into gelatin or jelly. Same as Gelatinate, v. t.
2. (Photog.) To coat, or otherwise treat, with gelatin.
Ge*lat"i*nize (?), v. i. Same as Gelatinate, v. i.
Ge*lat"i*nous (?), a. [Cf. F. gÈlatineux.] Of the nature and consistence of gelatin or the jelly; resembling jelly; viscous.
Ge*la"tion (?), n. [L. gelatio a freezing, fr. gelare to freeze.] (Astron.) The process of becoming solid by cooling; a cooling and solidifying.
Geld (?), n. [AS. gild, gield, geld, tribute, payment, fr. gieldan to pay, render. See Yield.] Money; tribute; compensation; ransom.[Obs.]
This word occurs in old law books in composition, as in danegeld, or danegelt, a tax imposed by the Danes; weregeld, compensation for the life of a man, etc.
Geld (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gelded or Gelt (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Gelding.] [Icel. gelda to castrate; akin to Dan. gilde, Sw. g‰lla, and cf. AS. gilte a young sow, OHG. galt dry, not giving milk, G. gelt, Goth. gilpa siclke.] 1. To castrate; to emasculate.
2. To deprive of anything essential.
Bereft and gelded of his patrimony.
Shak.
3. To deprive of anything exceptionable; as, to geld a book, or a story; to expurgate. [Obs.] Dryden.
Geld"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being gelded.
Geld"a*ble, a. [From Geld money.] Liable to taxation. [Obs.] Burrill.
Geld"er (?), n. One who gelds or castrates.
Gel"der-rose (?), n. Same as Guelder-rose.
Geld"ing (?), n. [Icel. gelding a gelding, akin to geldingr wether, eunuch, Sw. g‰lling gelding, Dan. gilding eunuch. See Geld, v. t.] A castrated animal; -- usually applied to a horse, but formerly used also of the human male.
They went down both into the water, Philip and the gelding, and Philip baptized him.
Wyclif (Acts viii. 38).
Geld"ing, p. pr., a., & vb. n. from Geld, v. t.
Gel"id (jl"d), a. [L. gelidus, fr. gelu frost, cold. See Cold, and cf. Congeal, Gelatin, Jelly.] Cold; very cold; frozen. "Gelid founts." Thompson.
Ge*lid"i*ty (?), n. The state of being gelid.
Gel"id*ly (?), adv. In a gelid manner; coldly.
Gel"id*ness, n. The state of being gelid; gelidity.
Gel"ly (jl"l), n. Jelly. [Obs.] Spenser.
Ge*los"copy (?), n. [Gr. &?; to laugh + -scopy.] Divination by means of laughter.
Ge*lose" (?), n. [See Gelatin.] (Chem.) An amorphous, gummy carbohydrate, found in Gelidium, agar-agar, and other seaweeds.
Gel*se"mic (?), a. Gelseminic.
Gel"se*mine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid obtained from the yellow jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens), as a bitter white semicrystalline substance; -- called also gelsemia.
Gel`se*min"ic (?), n. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, the yellow jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens); as, gelseminic acid, a white crystalline substance resembling esculin.
||Gel*se"mium (?), n. [NL., fr. It. gelsomino jasmine.] 1. (Bot.) A ||genus of climbing plants. The yellow (false) jasmine (Gelsemium ||sempervirens) is a native of the Southern United States. It has showy ||and deliciously fragrant flowers.
2. (Med.) The root of the yellow jasmine, used in malarial fevers, etc.
Gelt (?), n. [See 1st Geld.] Trubute, tax. [Obs.]
All these the king granted unto them . . . free from all gelts and payments, in a most full and ample manner.
Fuller.
Gelt, n. [See Gelt, v. t.] A gelding. [Obs.] Mortimer.
Gelt, n. Gilding; tinsel. [Obs.] Spenser.
Gem (?), n. [OE. gemme precious stone, F. gemme, fr. L. gemma a precious stone, bud.] 1. (Bot.) A bud.
From the joints of thy prolific stem A swelling knot is raised called a gem.
Denham.
2. A precious stone of any kind, as the ruby, emerald, topaz, sapphire, beryl, spinel, etc., especially when cut and polished for ornament; a jewel. Milton.
3. Anything of small size, or expressed within brief limits, which is regarded as a gem on account of its beauty or value, as a small picture, a verse of poetry, a witty or wise saying.
Artificial gem, an imitation of a gem, made of glass colored with metallic oxide. Cf. Paste, and Strass.
Gem v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gemmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gemming] 1. To put forth in the form of buds. "Gemmed their blossoms." [R.] Milton.
2. To adorn with gems or precious stones.
3. To embellish or adorn, as with gems; as, a foliage gemmed with dewdrops.
England is . . . gemmed with castles and palaces.
W. Irving.
Ge*ma"ra (?), n. [Heb.] (Jewish Law) The second part of the Talmud, or the commentary on the Mishna (which forms the first part or text).
Ge*mar"ic (?), a. Pertaining to the Gemara.
Ge*ma"rist (?), n. One versed in the Gemara, or adhering to its teachings.
Gem"el (?), a. [OF. gemel twin, F. jumeau, L. gemellus twin, doubled, dim. of geminus. See Gemini, and cf. Gimmal.] (Her.) Coupled; paired.
Bars gemel (Her.), two barrulets placed near and parallel to each other.
Gem"el (?), n. 1. One of the twins. [Obs.] Wyclif.
2. (Heb.) One of the barrulets placed parallel and closed to each other. Cf. Bars gemel, under Gemel, a.
Two gemels silver between two griffins passant.
Strype.
Gemel hinge (Locksmithing), a hinge consisting of an eye or loop and a hook. -- Gemel ring, a ring with two or more links; a gimbal. See Gimbal. -- Gemel window, a window with two bays.
Gem`el*lip"a-rous (?), a. [L. gemellipara, fem., gemellus twin + parere to bear, produce.] Producing twins. [R.] Bailey.
Gem"i*nal (?), a. [L. geminus twin.] A pair. [Obs.] Drayton.
Gem"i*nate (?), a. [L. geminatus, p. p. of genimare to double. See Gemini.] (Bot.) In pairs or twains; two together; binate; twin; as, geminate flowers. Gray.
Gem"i*nate (?), v. t. To double. [R.] B. Jonson.
Gem`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. geminatio.] A doubling; duplication; repetition. [R.] Boyle.
||Gem"i*ni (?), n. pl. [L., twins, pl. of geminus; cf. Skr. j&?;mi ||related as brother or sister.] (Astron.) A constellation of the ||zodiac, containing the two bright stars Castor and Pollux; also, the ||third sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about May 20th.
Gem`i*ni*flo"rous (?), a. [L. geminus twin + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.) Having the flowers arranged in pairs.
Gem"i*nous (?), a. [L. geminus.] Double; in pairs. Sir T. Browne.
Gemi*ny (?), n. [See Gemini.] Twins; a pair; a couple. [Obs.] Shak.
||Gem`i*to"res (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. gemere, gemitum, to sign, ||moan.] (Zoˆl.) A division of birds including the true pigeons.
||Gem"ma (?), n.; pl. GemmÊ (#). [L., a bud.] 1. (Bot.) A leaf bud, as ||distinguished from a flower bud.
2. (Biol.) A bud spore; one of the small spores or buds in the reproduction of certain Protozoa, which separate one at a time from the parent cell.
Gem*ma"ceous (?), a. Of or pertaining to gems or to gemmÊ; of the nature of, or resembling, gems or gemmÊ.
Gem"ma*ry (?), a. [L. gemmarius. See Gem.] Of or pertaining to gems.
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Gem"ma*ry (?), n. A receptacle for jewels or gems; a jewel house; jewels or gems, collectively.
Gem"mate (?), a. [L. gemmatus, p. p. of gemmare to put forth buds, fr. gemma bud.] (Bot.) Having buds; reproducing by buds.
Gem"ma*ted (?), a. Having buds; adorned with gems or jewels.
Gem*ma"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. gemmation.]
1. (Biol.) The formation of a new individual, either animal or vegetable, by a process of budding; an asexual method of reproduction; gemmulation; gemmiparity. See Budding.
2. (Bot.) The arrangement of buds on the stalk; also, of leaves in the bud.
Gem"me*ous (?), a. [L. gemmeus. See Gem.] Pertaining to gems; of the nature of gems; resembling gems. Pennant.
Gem*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L. gemma bud + -ferous: cf. F. gemmifËre.] Producing gems or buds; (Biol.) multiplying by buds.
Gem`mi*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. gemma bud + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See - fy.] (Biol.) The production of a bud or gem.
Gem`mi*flo"rate (?), a. [L. gemma bud + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.) Having flowers like buds.
Gem"mi*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being gemmy; spruceness; smartness.
{ ||Gem*mip"a*ra (?) ||Gem*mip"a*res (?) } n. pl. [NL., fr. L. gemma bud + parere to produce.] (Zoˆl.) Animals which increase by budding, as hydroids.
Gem`mi*par"i*ty (?), n. (Biol.) Reproduction by budding; gemmation. See Budding.
Gem*mip"a*rous (?), a. [Cf. F. gemmipare.] (Biol.) Producing buds; reproducing by buds. See Gemmation, 1.
Gem*mos"i*ty (?), n. [L. gemmosus set with jewels. See Gem.] The quality or characteristics of a gem or jewel. [Obs.] Bailey.
Gem`mu*la"tion (?), n. [From L. gemmula, dim. of gemma bud.] (Biol.) See Gemmation.
Gem"mule (?), n. [L. gemmula, dim. of gemma: cf. F. gemmule. See Gem.] 1. (Bot.) (a) A little leaf bud, as the plumule between the cotyledons. (b) One of the buds of mosses. (c) One of the reproductive spores of algÊ. (d) An ovule.
2. (Biol.) (a) A bud produced in generation by gemmation. (b) One of the imaginary granules or atoms which, according to Darwin's hypothesis of pangenesis, are continually being thrown off from every cell or unit, and circulate freely throughout the system, and when supplied with proper nutriment multiply by self-division and ultimately develop into cells like those from which they were derived. They are supposed to be transmitted from the parent to the offspring, but are often transmitted in a dormant state during many generations and are then developed. See Pangenesis.
Gem`mu*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Gemmule + -ferous.] Bearing or producing gemmules or buds.
Gem"my (?), a. [From Gem, n.]
1. Full of gems; bright; glittering like a gem.
The gemmy bridle glittered free.
Tennyson.
2. Spruce; smart. [Colloq. Eng.]
Ge*mote" (?), n. [As. gem&?;t an assembly. See Meet, v. t.] (AS. Hist.) A meeting; -- used in combination, as, Witenagemote, an assembly of the wise men.
Gems (?), n. [G.] (Zoˆl.) The chamois.
Gems"bok (?), n. [D.; akin to G. gemsbock the male or buck of the chamois; gemse chamois, goat of the Alps + bock buck.] (Zoˆl.) A South African antelope (Oryx Capensis), having long, sharp, nearly straight horns.
Gems"-horn` (?), n. [G., prop., chamois horn.] (Mus.) An organ stop with conical tin pipes.
Ge*mul" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small South American deer (Furcifer Chilensis), with simple forked horns. [Written also guemul.]
-gen (?). [(1) From Gr. -gen-, from the same root as ge`nos race, stock (see Genus). (2) From Gr. suffix -genh`s born. Cf. F. -gËne.] 1. A suffix used in scientific words in the sense of producing, generating: as, amphigen, amidogen, halogen.
2. A suffix meaning produced, generated; as, exogen.
||Ge"na (?), [L., the cheek.] (Zoˆl.) (a) The cheek; the feathered side ||of the under mandible of a bird. (b) The part of the head to which ||the jaws of an insect are attached.
||Ge*nappe" (?), n. [From Genappe, in Belgium.] A worsted yarn or cord ||of peculiar smoothness, used in the manufacture of braid, fringe, ||etc. Simmonds.
||Gen`darme" (?), n.; pl. Gendarmes (#), or Gens d'armes. [F.] 1. ||(Mil.) One of a body of heavy cavalry. [Obs.] [France]
2. An armed policeman in France. Thackeray.
Gen*darm"er*y (?), n. [F. gendarmerie.] The body of gendarmes.
Gen"der (jn"dr), n. [OF. genre, gendre (with excrescent d.), F. genre, fr. L. genus, generis, birth, descent, race, kind, gender, fr. the root of genere, gignere, to beget, in pass., to be born, akin to E. kin. See Kin, and cf. Generate, Genre, Gentle, Genus.]
1. Kind; sort. [Obs.] "One gender of herbs." Shak.
2. Sex, male or female. [Obs. or Colloq.]
3. (Gram.) A classification of nouns, primarily according to sex; and secondarily according to some fancied or imputed quality associated with sex.
Gender is a grammatical distinction and applies to words only. Sex is natural distinction and applies to living objects.
R. Morris.
Adjectives and pronouns are said to vary in gender when the form is varied according to the gender of the words to which they refer.
Gen"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gendered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gendering.] [OF. gendrer, fr. L. generare. See Gender, n.] To beget; to engender.
Gen"der, v. i. To copulate; to breed. [R.] Shak.
Gen"der*less, a. Having no gender.
Gen`e*a*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. &?; race + E. genesis.] (Biol.) Alternate generation. See under Generation.
Gen`e*a*log"ic (?), a. Genealogical.
Gen`e*a*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. gÈnÈalogique.] Of or pertaining to genealogy; as, a genealogical table; genealogical order. -- Gen`e*a*log"ic*al*ly, adv.
Genealogical tree, a family lineage or genealogy drawn out under the form of a tree and its branches.
Gen`e*al"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. gÈnÈalogiste.] One who traces genealogies or the descent of persons or families.
Gen`e*al"o*gize (?), v. i. To investigate, or relate the history of, descents.
Gen`e*al"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Genealogies (#). [OE. genealogi, genelogie, OF. genelogie, F. gÈnÈalogie, L. genealogia, fr. Gr. &?;; &?; birth, race, descent (akin to L. genus) + &?; discourse.]
1. An account or history of the descent of a person or family from an ancestor; enumeration of ancestors and their children in the natural order of succession; a pedigree.
2. Regular descent of a person or family from a progenitor; pedigree; lineage.
Gen"e*arch (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; race + &?; a leader.] The chief of a family or tribe.
Gen"e*ra (?), n. pl. See Genus.
Gen`er*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capability of being generated. Johnstone.
Gen"er*a*ble (?), a. [L. generabilis.] Capable of being generated or produced. Bentley.
Gen"er*al (?), a. [F. gÈnÈral, fr. L. generalis. See Genus.] 1. Relating to a genus or kind; pertaining to a whole class or order; as, a general law of animal or vegetable economy.
2. Comprehending many species or individuals; not special or particular; including all particulars; as, a general inference or conclusion.
3. Not restrained or limited to a precise import; not specific; vague; indefinite; lax in signification; as, a loose and general expression.
4. Common to many, or the greatest number; widely spread; prevalent; extensive, though not universal; as, a general opinion; a general custom.
This general applause and cheerful shout Argue your wisdom and your love to Richard.
Shak.
5. Having a relation to all; common to the whole; as, Adam, our general sire. Milton.
6. As a whole; in gross; for the most part.
His general behavior vain, ridiculous.
Shak.
7. Usual; common, on most occasions; as, his general habit or method.
The word general, annexed to a name of office, usually denotes chief or superior; as, attorney- general; adjutant general; commissary general; quartermaster general; vicar-general, etc.
General agent (Law), an agent whom a principal employs to transact all his business of a particular kind, or to act in his affairs generally. -- General assembly. See the Note under Assembly. -- General average, General Court. See under Average, Court. -- General court-martial (Mil.), the highest military and naval judicial tribunal. -- General dealer (Com.), a shopkeeper who deals in all articles in common use. -- General demurrer (Law), a demurrer which objects to a pleading in general terms, as insufficient, without specifying the defects. Abbott. -- General epistle, a canonical epistle. -- General guides (Mil.), two sergeants (called the right, and the left, general guide) posted opposite the right and left flanks of an infantry battalion, to preserve accuracy in marching. Farrow. -- General hospitals (Mil.), hospitals established to receive sick and wounded sent from the field hospitals. Farrow. General issue (Law), an issue made by a general plea, which traverses the whole declaration or indictment at once, without offering any special matter to evade it. Bouvier. Burrill. -- General lien (Law), a right to detain a chattel, etc., until payment is made of any balance due on a general account. -- General officer (Mil.), any officer having a rank above that of colonel. -- General orders (Mil.), orders from headquarters published to the whole command. -- General practitioner, in the United States, one who practices medicine in all its branches without confining himself to any specialty; in England, one who practices both as physician and as surgeon. -- General ship, a ship not chartered or let to particular parties. -- General term (Logic), a term which is the sign of a general conception or notion. -- General verdict (Law), the ordinary comprehensive verdict in civil actions, "for the plaintiff" or "for the defendant". Burrill. -- General warrant (Law), a warrant, now illegal, to apprehend suspected persons, without naming individuals.
Syn. General, Common, Universal. Common denotes primarily that in which many share; and hence, that which is often met with. General is stronger, denoting that which pertains to a majority of the individuals which compose a genus, or whole. Universal, that which pertains to all without exception. To be able to read and write is so common an attainment in the United States, that we may pronounce it general, though by no means universal.
Gen"er*al (?), n. [F. gÈnÈral. See General., a.]
1. The whole; the total; that which comprehends or relates to all, or the chief part; -- opposed to particular.
In particulars our knowledge begins, and so spreads itself by degrees to generals.
Locke.
2. (Mil.) One of the chief military officers of a government or country; the commander of an army, of a body of men not less than a brigade. In European armies, the highest military rank next below field marshal.
In the United States the office of General of the Army has been created by temporary laws, and has been held only by Generals U. S. Grant, W. T. Sherman, and P. H. Sheridan. Popularly, the title General is given to various general officers, as General, Lieutenant general, Major general, Brigadier general, Commissary general, etc. See Brigadier general, Lieutenant general, Major general, in the Vocabulary.
3. (Mil.) The roll of the drum which calls the troops together; as, to beat the general.
4. (Eccl.) The chief of an order of monks, or of all the houses or congregations under the same rule.
5. The public; the people; the vulgar. [Obs.] Shak.
In general, in the main; for the most part.
||Gen`e*ra"li*a (?), n. pl. [Neut. pl., fr. L. generalis.] ||Generalities; general terms. J. S. Mill.
Gen`er*al*is"si*mo (?), n. [It., superl. of generale general. See General, a.] The chief commander of an army; especially, the commander in chief of an army consisting of two or more grand divisions under separate commanders; -- a title used in most foreign countries.
Gen`er*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Generalities (#). [L. generalitas: cf. F. gÈnÈralitÈ. Cf. Generalty.]
1. The state of being general; the quality of including species or particulars. Hooker.
2. That which is general; that which lacks specificalness, practicalness, or application; a general or vague statement or phrase.
Let us descend from generalities to particulars.
Landor.
The glittering and sounding generalities of natural right which make up the Declaration of Independence.
R. Choate.
3. The main body; the bulk; the greatest part; as, the generality of a nation, or of mankind.
Gen"er*al*i`za*ble (?), a. Capable of being generalized, or reduced to a general form of statement, or brought under a general rule.
Extreme cases are . . . not generalizable.
Coleridge
Gen`er*al*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. gÈnÈralisation.]
1. The act or process of generalizing; the act of bringing individuals or particulars under a genus or class; deduction of a general principle from particulars.
Generalization is only the apprehension of the one in the many.
Sir W. Hamilton.
2. A general inference.
Gen"er*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Generalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Generalizing (?).] [Cf. F. gÈnÈraliser.]
1. To bring under a genus or under genera; to view in relation to a genus or to genera.
Copernicus generalized the celestial motions by merely referring them to the moon's motion. Newton generalized them still more by referring this last to the motion of a stone through the air.
W. Nicholson.
2. To apply to other genera or classes; to use with a more extensive application; to extend so as to include all special cases; to make universal in application, as a formula or rule.
When a fact is generalized, our discontent is quited, and we consider the generality itself as tantamount to an explanation.
Sir W. Hamilton.
3. To derive or deduce (a general conception, or a general principle) from particulars.
A mere conclusion generalized from a great multitude of facts.
Coleridge.
Gen"er*al*ize, v. i. To form into a genus; to view objects in their relations to a genus or class; to take general or comprehensive views.
Gen"er*al*ized (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Comprising structural characters which are separated in more specialized forms; synthetic; as, a generalized type.
Gen"er*al*i`zer (&?;), n. One who takes general or comprehensive views. Tyndall.
Gen"er*al*ly, adv. 1. In general; commonly; extensively, though not universally; most frequently.
2. In a general way, or in general relation; in the main; upon the whole; comprehensively.
Generally speaking, they live very quietly.
Addison.
3. Collectively; as a whole; without omissions. [Obs.]
I counsel that all Israel be generally gathered unto thee.
2 Sam. xvii. ll.
Gen"er*al*ness, n. The condition or quality of being general; frequency; commonness. Sir P. Sidney.
Gen"er*al*ship, n. 1. The office of a general; the exercise of the functions of a general; -- sometimes, with the possessive pronoun, the personality of a general.
Your generalship puts me in mind of Prince Eugene.
Goldsmith.
2. Military skill in a general officer or commander.
3. Fig.: Leadership; management.
An artful stroke of generalship in Trim to raise a dust.
Sterne.
Gen"er*al*ty (?), n. Generality. [R.] Sir M. Hale.
Gen"er*ant (?), a. [L. generans, p. pr. of generare.] Generative; producing; esp. (Geom.), acting as a generant.
Gen"er*ant, n. 1. That which generates. Glanvill.
2. (Geom.) A generatrix.
Gen"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Generated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Generating.] [L. generatus, p. p. of generare to generate, fr. genus. See Genus, Gender.]
1. To beget; to procreate; to propagate; to produce (a being similar to the parent); to engender; as, every animal generates its own species.
2. To cause to be; to bring into life. Milton.
3. To originate, especially by a vital or chemical process; to produce; to cause.
Whatever generates a quantity of good chyle must likewise generate milk.
Arbuthnot.
4. (Math.) To trace out, as a line, figure, or solid, by the motion of a point or a magnitude of inferior order.
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Gen`er*a"tion (?), n. [OE. generacioun, F. gÈnÈration, fr.L. generatio.] 1. The act of generating or begetting; procreation, as of animals.
2. Origination by some process, mathematical, chemical, or vital; production; formation; as, the generation of sounds, of gases, of curves, etc.
3. That which is generated or brought forth; progeny; offspiring.
4. A single step or stage in the succession of natural descent; a rank or remove in genealogy. Hence: The body of those who are of the same genealogical rank or remove from an ancestor; the mass of beings living at one period; also, the average lifetime of man, or the ordinary period of time at which one rank follows another, or father is succeeded by child, usually assumed to be one third of a century; an age.
This is the book of the generations of Adam.
Gen. v. 1.
Ye shall remain there [in Babylon] many years, and for a long season, namely, seven generations.
Baruch vi. 3.
All generations and ages of the Christian church.
Hooker.
5. Race; kind; family; breed; stock.
Thy mother's of my generation; what's she, if I be a dog?
Shak.
6. (Geom.) The formation or production of any geometrical magnitude, as a line, a surface, a solid, by the motion, in accordance with a mathematical law, of a point or a magnitude; as, the generation of a line or curve by the motion of a point, of a surface by a line, a sphere by a semicircle, etc.
7. (Biol.) The aggregate of the functions and phenomene which attend reproduction.
There are four modes of generation in the animal kingdom: scissiparity or by fissiparous generation, gemmiparity or by budding, germiparity or by germs, and oviparity or by ova.
Alternate generation (Biol.), alternation of sexual with asexual generation, in which the products of one process differ from those of the other, -- a form of reproduction common both to animal and vegetable organisms. In the simplest form, the organism arising from sexual generation produces offspiring unlike itself, agamogenetically. These, however, in time acquire reproductive organs, and from their impregnated germs the original parent form is reproduced. In more complicated cases, the first series of organisms produced agamogenetically may give rise to others by a like process, and these in turn to still other generations. Ultimately, however, a generation is formed which develops sexual organs, and the original form is reproduced. -- Spontaneous generation (Biol.), the fancied production of living organisms without previously existing parents from inorganic matter, or from decomposing organic matter, a notion which at one time had many supporters; abiogenesis.
Gen"er*a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. gÈnÈratif.] Having the power of generating, propagating, originating, or producing. "That generative particle." Bentley.
Gen"er*a`tor (?), n. [L.] 1. One who, or that which, generates, begets, causes, or produces.
2. An apparatus in which vapor or gas is formed from a liquid or solid by means of heat or chemical process, as a steam boiler, gas retort, or vessel for generating carbonic acid gas, etc.
3. (Mus.) The principal sound or sounds by which others are produced; the fundamental note or root of the common chord; -- called also generating tone.
Gen`er*a"trix (?), n.; pl. L. Generatrices (#), E. Generatrixes (#). [L.] (Geom.) That which generates; the point, or the mathematical magnitude, which, by its motion, generates another magnitude, as a line, surface, or solid; -- called also describent.
{ Ge*ner"ic (?), Ge*ner"ic*al (?), } a. [L. genus, generis, race, kind: cf. F. gÈnÈrique. See Gender.]
1. (Biol.) Pertaining to a genus or kind; relating to a genus, as distinct from a species, or from another genus; as, a generic description; a generic difference; a generic name.
2. Very comprehensive; pertaining or appropriate to large classes or their characteristics; -- opposed to specific.
Ge*ner"ic*al*ly, adv. With regard to a genus, or an extensive class; as, an animal generically distinct from another, or two animals or plants generically allied.
Ge*ner"ic*al*ness, n. The quality of being generic.
Ge*ner`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. genus kind, class + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] The act or process of generalizing.
Out of this the universal is elaborated by generification.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Gen`er*os"i*ty (?), n. [L. generositas: cf. F. gÈnÈrositÈ.] 1. Noble birth. [Obs.] Harris (Voyages).
2. The quality of being noble; noble- mindedness.
Generosity is in nothing more seen than in a candid estimation of other men's virtues and good qualities.
Barrow.
3. Liberality in giving; munificence.
Syn. -- Magnanimity; liberality.
Gen"er*ous (?), a. [F. gÈnÈreux, fr. L. generous of noble birth, noble, excellent, magnanimous, fr. genus birth, race: cf. It. generoso. See 2d Gender.]
1. Of honorable birth or origin; highborn. [Obs.]
The generous and gravest citizens.
Shak.
2. Exhibiting those qualities which are popularly reregarded as belonging to high birth; noble; honorable; magnanimous; spirited; courageous. "The generous critic." Pope. "His generous spouse." Pope. "A generous pack [of hounds]." Addison.
3. Open-handed; free to give; not close or niggardly; munificent; as, a generous friend or father.
4. Characterized by generosity; abundant; overflowing; as, a generous table. Swift.
5. Full of spirit or strength; stimulating; exalting; as, generous wine.
Syn. -- Magnanimous; bountiful. See Liberal.
-- Gen"er*ous*ly, adv. -- Gen"er*ous*ness, n.
Gen`e*see" ep"och (?). (Geol.) The closing subdivision of the Hamilton period in the American Devonian system; - - so called because the formations of this period crop out in Genesee, New York.
Ge*ne"sial (?), a. Of or relating to generation.
Ge*ne`si*ol"gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; birth + -logy.] The doctrine or science of generation.
Gen"e*sis (?), n. [L., from Gr. ge`nesis, fr. the root of gi`gnesqai to beget, be born; akin to L. genus birth, race. See Gender.]
1. The act of producing, or giving birth or origin to anything; the process or mode of originating; production; formation; origination.
The origin and genesis of poor Sterling's club.
Carlyle.
2. The first book of the Old Testament; -- so called by the Greek translators, from its containing the history of the creation of the world and of the human race.
3. (Geom.) Same as Generation.
Gen"et (jn"t or j*nt"), Ge*nette" (j*nt"), n. [F. genette, Sp. gineta, fr. Ar. jarnei.] 1. (Zoˆl.) One of several species of small Carnivora of the genus Genetta, allied to the civets, but having the scent glands less developed, and without a pouch.
The common genet (Genetta vulgaris) of Southern Europe, Asia Minor, and North Africa, is dark gray, spotted with black. The long tail is banded with black and white. The Cape genet (G. felina), and the berbe (G. pardina), are related African species.
2. The fur of the common genet (Genetta vulgaris); also, any skin dressed in imitation of this fur.
Gen"et (?), n. [See Jennet.] A small-sized, well-proportioned, Spanish horse; a jennet. Shak.
Ge*neth"li*ac (?), a. [L. genethliacus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; belonging to one's birth, gene`qlh birth, fr. gi`gnesqai to be born.] Pertaining to nativities; calculated by astrologers; showing position of stars at one's birth. Howell.
Ge*neth"li*ac, n. 1. A birthday poem.
2. One skilled in genethliacs.
Gen`eth*li"a*cal (?), a. Genethliac.
Ge*neth"li*acs (?), n. The science of calculating nativities, or predicting the future events of life from the stars which preside at birth. Johnson.
Ge*neth`li*al"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. geneqlhalogi`a astrology; gene`qlh birth + lo`gos discourse.] Divination as to the destinies of one newly born; the act or art of casting nativities; astrology.
Ge*neth`li*at"ic (?), n. One who calculates nativities. Sir W. Drummond.
Ge*net"ic (j*nt"k), a. Same as Genetical.
Ge*net"ic*al (-*kal), a. [See Genesis.] Pertaining to, concerned with, or determined by, the genesis of anything, or its natural mode of production or development.
This historical, genetical method of viewing prior systems of philosophy.
Hare.
Ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv. In a genetical manner.
Ge*ne"va (?), n. The chief city of Switzerland.
Geneva Bible, a translation of the Bible into English, made and published by English refugees in Geneva (Geneva, 1560; London, 1576). It was the first English Bible printed in Roman type instead of the ancient black letter, the first which recognized the division into verses, and the first which omitted the Apocrypha. In form it was a small quarto, and soon superseded the large folio of Cranmer's translation. Called also Genevan Bible. -- Geneva convention (Mil.), an agreement made by representatives of the great continental powers at Geneva and signed in 1864, establishing new and more humane regulation regarding the treatment of the sick and wounded and the status of those who minister to them in war. Ambulances and military hospitals are made neutral, and this condition affects physicians, chaplains, nurses, and the ambulance corps. Great Britain signed the convention in 1865. -- Geneva cross (Mil.), a red Greek cross on a white ground; -- the flag and badge adopted in the Geneva convention.
Ge*ne"va (?), n. [F. geniËvre juniper, juniper berry, gin, OF. geneivre juniper, fr. L. juniperus the juniper tree: cf. D. jenever, fr. F. geniËvre. See Juniper, and cf. Gin a liquor.] A strongly alcoholic liquor, flavored with juniper berries; -- made in Holland; Holland gin; Hollands.
Ge*ne"van (?), a. Of or pertaining to Geneva, in Switzerland; Genevese.
Ge*ne"van, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Geneva.
2. A supported of Genevanism.
Ge*ne"van*ism (?), n. [From Geneva, where Calvin resided.] Strict Calvinism. Bp. Montagu.
Gen`e*vese" (?), a. [Cf. L. Genevensis, F. gÈnevois.] Of or pertaining to Geneva, in Switzerland; Genevan. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or inhabitant of Geneva; collectively, the inhabitants of Geneva; people of Geneva.
Ge*ni"al (?), a. (Anat.) Same as Genian.
Gen"ial (?), a. [L. genialis: cf. OF. genial. See Genius.] 1. Contributing to, or concerned in, propagation or production; generative; procreative; productive. "The genial bed." Milton.
Creator Venus, genial power of love.
Dryden.
2. Contributing to, and sympathizing with, the enjoyment of life; sympathetically cheerful and cheering; jovial and inspiring joy or happiness; exciting pleasure and sympathy; enlivening; kindly; as, she was of a cheerful and genial disposition.
So much I feel my genial spirits droop.
Milton.
3. Belonging to one's genius or natural character; native; natural; inborn. [Obs.]
Natural incapacity and genial indisposition.
Sir T. Browne.
4. Denoting or marked with genius; belonging to the higher nature. [R.]
Men of genius have often attached the highest value to their less genial works.
Hare.
Genial gods (Pagan Mythol.), the powers supposed to preside over marriage and generation.
Ge`ni*al"i*ty (?), n. [L. genialitas.] The quality of being genial; sympathetic cheerfulness; warmth of disposition and manners.
Gen"ial*ly (?), adv. 1. By genius or nature; naturally. [Obs.]
Some men are genially disposed to some opinions.
Glanvill.
2. Gayly; cheerfully. Johnson.
Gen"ial*ness, n. The quality of being genial.
Ge*ni"an (?), a. [Gr. &?; chin; akin to &?; under jaw. Cf. Chin.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the chin; mental; as, the genian prominence.
Ge*nic"u*late (?), a. [L. geniculatus, fr. geniculum little knee, knot or joint, dim. of genu knee. See Knee.] Bent abruptly at an angle, like the knee when bent; as, a geniculate stem; a geniculate ganglion; a geniculate twin crystal.
Ge*nic"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Geniculated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Geniculating.] To form joints or knots on. [R.] Cockeram.
Ge*nic"u*la`ted (?), a. Same as Geniculate.
Ge*nic`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. geniculatio a kneeling.]
1. The act of kneeling. [R.] Bp. Hall.
2. The state of being bent abruptly at an angle.
||GÈ`nie (?), n. [F.] See Genius.
||Ge"ni*o (?), n. [It. See Genius.] A man of a particular turn of mind. ||[R.] Tatler.
Ge`ni*o*hy"oid (?), a. [Gr. &?; the chin + E. hyoid.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the chin and hyoid bone; as, the geniohyoid muscle.
Gen"i*pap (?), n. (Bot.) The edible fruit of a West Indian tree (Genipa Americana) of the order RubiaceÊ. It is oval in shape, as a large as a small orange, of a pale greenish color, and with dark purple juice.
||Ge*nis"ta (?), n. [L., broom.] (Bot.) A genus of plants including the ||common broom of Western Europe.
Gen"i*tal (?), a. [L. genitalis, fr. genere, gignere, to beget: cf. F. gÈnital. See Gender.] Pertaining to generation, or to the generative organs.
Genital cord (Anat.), a cord developed in the fetus by the union of portions of the Wolffian and M¸llerian ducts and giving rise to parts of the urogenital passages in both sexes.
Gen"i*tals (?), n. pl. [From Genital, a.: cf. L. genitalia.] The organs of generation; the sexual organs; the private parts.
Gen"i*ting (?), n. [See Jenneting.] A species of apple that ripens very early. Bacon.
Gen`i*ti"val (?), a. Possessing genitive from; pertaining to, or derived from, the genitive case; as, a genitival adverb. -- Gen`i*ti"val*ly, adv.
Gen"i*tive (?), a. [L. genitivus, fr. gignere, genitum, to beget: cf. F. gÈnitif. See Gender.] (Gram.) Of or pertaining to that case (as the second case of Latin and Greek nouns) which expresses source or possession. It corresponds to the possessive case in English.
Gen"i*tive, n. (Gram.) The genitive case.
Genitive absolute, a construction in Greek similar to the ablative absolute in Latin. See Ablative absolute.
Gen`i*to*cru"ral (?), a. [Genital + crural.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the genital organs and the thigh; -- applied especially to one of the lumbar nerves.
Gen"i*tor (?), n. [L.] 1. One who begets; a generator; an originator. Sheldon.
2. pl. The genitals. [Obs.] Holland.
Gen`i*to*u"ri*na*ry (?), a. [Genital + urinary.] (Anat.) See Urogenital.
Gen"i*ture (?), n. [L. genitura: cf. F. gÈniture.] Generation; procreation; birth. Dryden.
Gen"ius (?), n.; pl. E. Geniuses (#); in sense 1, L. Genii (#). [L. genius, prop., the superior or divine nature which is innate in everything, the spirit, the tutelar deity or genius of a person or place, taste, talent, genius, from genere, gignere, to beget, bring forth. See Gender, and cf. Engine.] 1. A good or evil spirit, or demon, supposed by the ancients to preside over a man's destiny in life; a tutelary deity; a supernatural being; a spirit, good or bad. Cf. Jinnee.
The unseen genius of the wood.
Milton.
We talk of genius still, but with thought how changed! The genius of Augustus was a tutelary demon, to be sworn by and to receive offerings on an altar as a deity.
Tylor.
2. The peculiar structure of mind with which each individual is endowed by nature; that disposition or aptitude of mind which is peculiar to each man, and which qualifies him for certain kinds of action or special success in any pursuit; special taste, inclination, or disposition; as, a genius for history, for poetry, or painting.
3. Peculiar character; animating spirit, as of a nation, a religion, a language.
4. Distinguished mental superiority; uncommon intellectual power; especially, superior power of invention or origination of any kind, or of forming new combinations; as, a man of genius.
Genius of the highest kind implies an unusual intensity of the modifying power.
Coleridge.
5. A man endowed with uncommon vigor of mind; a man of superior intellectual faculties; as, Shakespeare was a rare genius.
Syn. -- Genius, Talent. Genius implies high and peculiar gifts of nature, impelling the mind to certain favorite kinds of mental effort, and producing new combinations of ideas, imagery, etc. Talent supposes general strength of intellect, with a peculiar aptitude for being molded and directed to specific employments and valuable ends and purposes. Genius is connected more or less with the exercise of imagination, and reaches its ends by a kind of intuitive power. Talent depends more on high mental training, and a perfect command of all the faculties, memory, judgment, sagacity, etc. Hence we speak of a genius for poetry, painting. etc., and a talent for business or diplomacy. Among English orators, Lord Chatham was distinguished for his genius; William Pitt for his preÎminent talents, and especially his unrivaled talent for debate.
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||Genius loci (&?;) [L.], the genius or presiding divinity of a place; ||hence, the pervading spirit of a place or institution, as of a ||college, etc.
Gen`o*ese" (?), a. Of or pertaining to Genoa, a city of Italy. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or inhabitant of Genoa; collectively, the people of Genoa.
||Ge*nouil`lËre" (?), n. [F.]
1. (Anc. Armor) A metal plate covering the knee.
2. (Fort.) That part of a parapet which lies between the gun platform and the bottom of an embrasure.
-ge*nous. [-gen + -ous.] A suffix signifying producing, yielding; as, alkaligenous; endogenous.
||Genre (zh‰N"r'), n. [F. See Gender.] (Fine Arts) A style of painting, ||sculpture, or other imitative art, which illustrates everyday life ||and manners.
||Gens (jnz), n.; pl. Gentes (jn"tz). [L. See Gentle, a.] (Rom. Hist.) ||1. A clan or family connection, embracing several families of the ||same stock, who had a common name and certain common religious rites; ||a subdivision of the Roman curia or tribe.
2. (Ethnol.) A minor subdivision of a tribe, among American aborigines. It includes those who have a common descent, and bear the same totem.
Gent (?), a. [OF. gent, fr. L. genitus born, or (less prob.) fr. gentilis. See Genteel.]
1. Gentle; noble; of gentle birth. [Obs.]
All of a knight [who] was fair and gent.
Chaucer.
2. Neat; pretty; fine; elegant. [Obs.] Spenser.
Her body gent and small.
Chaucer.
Gen*teel" (?), a. [F. gentil noble, pretty, graceful. See Gentle.] 1. Possessing or exhibiting the qualities popularly regarded as belonging to high birth and breeding; free from vulgarity, or lowness of taste or behavior; adapted to a refined or cultivated taste; polite; well-bred; as, genteel company, manners, address.
2. Graceful in mien or form; elegant in appearance, dress, or manner; as, the lady has a genteel person. Law.
3. Suited to the position of lady or a gentleman; as, to live in a genteel allowance.
Syn. -- Polite; well-bred; refined; polished.
Gen*teel"ish, a. Somewhat genteel.
Gen*teel"ly, adv. In a genteel manner.
Gen*teel"ness, n. The quality of being genteel.
Gen"ter*ie (?), Gen"trie (&?;), n. [OE. See Gentry.] Nobility of birth or of character; gentility. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gen"tian (jn"shan or - sh*an), n. [OE. genciane, F. gentiane, L. gentiana, fr. Gentius, an Illyrian king, said to have discovered its properties.] (Bot.) Any one of a genus (Gentiana) of herbaceous plants with opposite leaves and a tubular four- or five-lobed corolla, usually blue, but sometimes white, yellow, or red. See Illust. of Capsule.
Many species are found on the highest mountains of Europe, Asia, and America, and some are prized for their beauty, as the Alpine (Gentiana verna, Bavarica, and excisa), and the American fringed gentians (G. crinita and G. detonsa). Several are used as tonics, especially the bitter roots of Gentiana lutea, the officinal gentian of the pharmacopúias.
Horse gentian, fever root. -- Yellow gentian (Bot.), the officinal gentian (Gentiana lutea). See Bitterwort.
Gen`tian*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (GentianaceÊ) of which the gentian is the type.
Gen`tian*el"la (?), n. [See Gentian.] A kind of blue color. Johnson.
Gen`ti*an"ic (?), a. Pertaining to or derived from the gentian; as, gentianic acid.
Gen"tian*ine (?), n. (Chem.) A bitter, crystallizable substance obtained from gentian.
Gen"tian*ose` (?), n. (Chem.) A crystallizable, sugarlike substance, with a slightly sweetish taste, obtained from the gentian.
Gen"til (?), a. & n. Gentle. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gen"tile (jn"tl), n. [L. gentilis belonging to the same clan, stock, race, people, or nation; in opposition to Roman, a foreigner; in opposition to Jew or Christian, a heathen: cf. F. gentil. See Gentle, a.] One of a non-Jewish nation; one neither a Jew nor a Christian; a worshiper of false gods; a heathen.
The Hebrews included in the term gyim, or nations, all the tribes of men who had not received the true faith, and were not circumcised. The Christians translated gyim by the L. gentes, and imitated the Jews in giving the name gentiles to all nations who were neither Jews nor Christians. In civil affairs, the denomination was given to all nations who were not Romans.
Syn. -- Pagan; heathen. See Pagan.
Gen"tile, a. 1. Belonging to the nations at large, as distinguished from the Jews; ethnic; of pagan or heathen people.
2. (Gram.) Denoting a race or country; as, a gentile noun or adjective.
Gen"tile-fal`con (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Falcon-gentil.
Gen`ti*lesse" (?), n. [OF. gentilesse, gentelise, F. gentillesse. See Gentle. a.] Gentleness; courtesy; kindness; nobility. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gen"til*ish (?), a. Heathenish; pagan.
Gen"til*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. gentilisme.]
1. Hethenism; paganism; the worship of false gods.
2. Tribal feeling; devotion to one's gens.
{ Gen`ti*li"tial (?), Gen`ti*li"tious (?), } a. [L. gentilitius. See Gentile.] [Obs.]
1. Peculiar to a people; national. Sir T. Browne.
2. Hereditary; entailed on a family. Arbuthnot.
Gen*til"i*ty (?), n. [L. gentilitas the relationship of those who belong to the same clan, also, heathenism: cf. F. gentilitÈ heathenism. See Gentile.]
1. Good extraction; dignity of birth. Macaulay.
He . . . mines my gentility with my education.
Shak.
2. The quality or qualities appropriate to those who are well born, as self-respect, dignity, courage, courtesy, politeness of manner, a graceful and easy mien and behavior, etc.; good breeding.
3. The class in society who are, or are expected to be, genteel; the gentry. [R.] Sir J. Davies.
4. Paganism; heathenism. [Obs.] Hooker.
Gen"til*ize (?), v. i. [See Gentile.]
1. To live like a gentile or heathen. [Obs.] Milton.
2. To act the gentleman; -- with it (see It, 5). [Obs.]
Gen"til*ize, v. i. To render gentile or gentlemanly; as, to gentilize your unworthy sones. [R.] Sylvester.
Gen"til*ly (?), adv. [From Gentil, a.] In a gentle or hoble manner; frankly. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gen`ti*o*pi"krin (?), n. [Gentian + Gr. &?; bitter.] (Chem.) A bitter, yellow, crystalline substance, regarded as a glucoside, and obtained from the gentian.
Gen"ti*sin (?), n. (Chem.) A tasteless, yellow, crystalline substance, obtained from the gentian; -- called also gentianin.
Gen"tle (?), a. [Compar. Gentler (?); superl. Gentlest (?).] [OE. gentil, F. gentil noble, pretty, graceful, fr. L. gentilis of the same clan or race, fr. gens, gentis, tribe, clan, race, orig. that which belongs together by birth, fr. the root of genere, gignere, to beget; hence gentle, properly, of birth or family, that is, of good or noble birth. See Gender, and cf. Genteel, Gentil, Gentile, Gentoo, Jaunty.] 1. Well-born; of a good family or respectable birth, though not noble.
British society is divided into nobility, gentry, and yeomanry, and families are either noble, gentle, or simple.
Johnson's Cyc.
The studies wherein our noble and gentle youth ought to bestow their time.
Milton.
2. Quiet and refined in manners; not rough, harsh, or stern; mild; meek; bland; amiable; tender; as, a gentle nature, temper, or disposition; a gentle manner; a gentle address; a gentle voice.
3. A compellative of respect, consideration, or conciliation; as, gentle reader. "Gentle sirs." "Gentle Jew." "Gentle servant." Shak.
4. Not wild, turbulent, or refractory; quiet and docile; tame; peaceable; as, a gentle horse.
5. Soft; not violent or rough; not strong, loud, or disturbing; easy; soothing; pacific; as, a gentle touch; a gentle gallop . "Gentle music." Sir J. Davies.
O sleep! it is a gentle thing.
Coleridge.
The gentle craft, the art or trade of shoemaking.
Syn. -- Mild; meek; placid; dovelike; quiet; peaceful; pacific; bland; soft; tame; tractable; docile. -- Gentle, Tame, Mild, Meek. Gentle describes the natural disposition; tame, that which is subdued by training; mild implies a temper which is, by nature, not easily provoked; meek, a spirit which has been schooled to mildness by discipline or suffering. The lamb is gentle; the domestic fowl is tame; John, the Apostle, was mild; Moses was meek.
Gen"tle, n. 1. One well born; a gentleman. [Obs.]
Gentles, methinks you frown.
Shak.
2. A trained falcon. See Falcon- gentil.
3. (Zoˆl.) A dipterous larva used as fish bait.
Gent"le, v. t. 1. To make genteel; to raise from the vulgar; to ennoble. [Obs.] Shak.
2. To make smooth, cozy, or agreeable. [R. or Poet.]
To gentle life's descent, We shut our eyes, and think it is a plain.
Young.
3. To make kind and docile, as a horse. [Colloq.]
Gen"tle*folk` (?), Gen"tle*folks` (&?;), n. pl. Persons of gentle or good family and breeding. [Generally in the United States in the plural form.] Shak.
Gen"tle-heart`ed (?), a. Having a kind or gentle disposition. Shak. -- Gen"tle- heart`ed*ness, n.
Gen"tle*man (?), n.; pl. Gentlemen (#). [OE. gentilman nobleman; gentil noble + man man; cf. F. gentilhomme.]
1. A man well born; one of good family; one above the condition of a yeoman.
2. One of gentle or refined manners; a well- bred man.
3. (Her.) One who bears arms, but has no title.
4. The servant of a man of rank.
The count's gentleman, one Cesario.
Shak.
5. A man, irrespective of condition; -- used esp. in the plural (= citizens; people), in addressing men in popular assemblies, etc.
In Great Britain, the term gentleman is applied in a limited sense to those having coats of arms, but who are without a title, and, in this sense, gentlemen hold a middle rank between the nobility and yeomanry. In a more extended sense, it includes every man above the rank of yeoman, comprehending the nobility. In the United States, the term is applied to men of education and good breeding of every occupation.
Gentleman commoner, one of the highest class of commoners at the University of Oxford. -- Gentleman usher, one who ushers visitors into the presence of a sovereign, etc. -- Gentleman usher of the black rod, an usher belonging to the Order of the Garter, whose chief duty is to serve as official messenger of the House of Lords. -- Gentlemen-at-arms, a band of forty gentlemen who attend the sovereign on state occasions; formerly called gentlemen pensioners. [Eng.]
Gen"tle*man*hood (?), n. The qualities or condition of a gentleman. [R.] Thackeray.
{ Gen"tle*man*like` (?), Gen"tle*man*ly (?), } a. Of, pertaining to, resembling, or becoming, a gentleman; well-behaved; courteous; polite.
Gen"tle*man*li*ness (?), n. The state of being gentlemanly; gentlemanly conduct or manners.
Gen"tle*man*ship, n. The carriage or quality of a gentleman.
Gen"tle*ness, n. The quality or state of being gentle, well-born, mild, benevolent, docile, etc.; gentility; softness of manners, disposition, etc.; mildness.
Gen"tle*ship, n. The deportment or conduct of a gentleman. [Obs.] Ascham.
Gent"lesse (?), n. Gentilesse; gentleness. [Obs.]
Gen"tle*wom`an (?), n.; pl. Gentlewomen (&?;).
1. A woman of good family or of good breeding; a woman above the vulgar. Bacon.
2. A woman who attends a lady of high rank. Shak.
Gen"tly (?), adv. In a gentle manner.
My mistress gently chides the fault I made.
Dryden.
Gen*too" (?), n.; pl. Gentoos (#). [Pg. gentio gentile, heathen. See Gentile.] A native of Hindostan; a Hindoo. [Archaic]
Gen"try (?), n. [OE. genterie, gentrie, noble birth, nobility, cf. gentrise, and OF. gentelise, genterise, E. gentilesse, also OE. genteleri high-mindedness. See Gent, a., Gentle, a.] 1. Birth; condition; rank by birth. [Obs.] "Pride of gentrie." Chaucer.
She conquers him by high almighty Jove, By knighthood, gentry, and sweet friendship's oath.
Shak.
2. People of education and good breeding; in England, in a restricted sense, those between the nobility and the yeomanry. Macaulay.
3. Courtesy; civility; complaisance. [Obs.]
To show us so much gentry and good will.
Shak.
Gen"ty (?), a. [From F. gentil. Cf. Jaunty.] Neat; trim. [Scot.] Burns.
||Ge"nu (?), n.; pl. Genua (#). [L., the knee.] (Anat.) (a) The knee. ||(b) The kneelike bend, in the anterior part of the callosum of the ||brain.
Gen`u*flect" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Genuflected; p. pr. & vb. n. Genuflecting.] [See Genuflection.] To bend the knee, as in worship.
Gen`u*flec"tion (?), n. [F. gÈnuflexion, fr. LL. genuflexio, fr. L. genu knee + flexio a bending, fr. flectere, flexum, to bend. See Knee, Flexible.] The act of bending the knee, particularly in worship. Bp. Stillingfleet.
Gen"u*ine (?), a. [L. genuinus, fr. genere, gignere, to beget, in pass., to be born: cf. F. gÈnuine. See Gender.] Belonging to, or proceeding from, the original stock; native; hence, not counterfeit, spurious, false, or adulterated; authentic; real; natural; true; pure; as, a genuine text; a genuine production; genuine materials. "True, genuine night." Dryden.
Syn. -- Authentic; real; true; pure; unalloyed; unadulterated. See Authentic.
-- Gen"u*ine*ly, adv. -- Gen"u*ine*ness, n.
The evidence, both internal and external, against the genuineness of these letters, is overwhelming.
Macaulay.
Ge"nus (j"ns), n.; pl. Genera (#). [L., birth, race, kind, sort; akin to Gr. &?;. See Gender, and cf. Benign.]
1. (Logic) A class of objects divided into several subordinate species; a class more extensive than a species; a precisely defined and exactly divided class; one of the five predicable conceptions, or sorts of terms.
2. (Biol.) An assemblage of species, having so many fundamental points of structure in common, that in the judgment of competent scientists, they may receive a common substantive name. A genus is not necessarily the lowest definable group of species, for it may often be divided into several subgenera. In proportion as its definition is exact, it is natural genus; if its definition can not be made clear, it is more or less an artificial genus.
Thus in the animal kingdom the lion, leopard, tiger, cat, and panther are species of the Cat kind or genus, while in the vegetable kingdom all the species of oak form a single genus. Some genera are represented by a multitude of species, as Solanum (Nightshade) and Carex (Sedge), others by few, and some by only one known species.
Subaltern genus (Logic), a genus which may be a species of a higher genus, as the genus denoted by quadruped, which is also a species of mammal. -- Summum genus [L.] (Logic), the highest genus; a genus which can not be classed as a species, as being.
||Ge"nys (j"ns), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ge`nys the under jaw.] (Zoˆl.) See ||Gonys.
{ Ge`o*cen"tric (?), Ge`o*cen"tric*al (?), } a. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + ke`ntron center: cf. F. gÈocentrique.] (Astron.) (a) Having reference to the earth as center; in relation to or seen from the earth, -- usually opposed to heliocentric, as seen from the sun; as, the geocentric longitude or latitude of a planet. (b) Having reference to the center of the earth.
Geocentric latitude (of place) the angle included between the radius of the earth through the place and the plane of the equator, in distinction from geographic latitude. It is a little less than the geographic latitude.
Ge`o*cen"tric*al*ly, adv. In a geocentric manner.
Ge*oc"ro*nite (?), n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + Kro`nos Saturn, the alchemistic name of lead: cf. G. geokronit.] (Min.) A lead-gray or grayish blue mineral with a metallic luster, consisting of sulphur, antimony, and lead, with a small proportion of arsenic.
Ge`o*cyc"lic (?), a. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + ky`klos circle.] 1. Of, pertaining to, or illustrating, the revolutions of the earth; as, a geocyclic machine.
2. Circling the earth periodically.
Ge"ode (j"d), n. [F. gÈode, L. geodes, fr. Gr. &?; earthlike; ge`a, gh^, the earth + e'i^dos form.] (Min.) (a) A nodule of stone, containing a cavity, lined with crystals or mineral matter. (b) The cavity in such a nodule.
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Ge`o*deph"a*gous (j`*df"*gs), a. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, earth + 'adhfa`gos eating one's fill; gluttonous.] (Zoˆl.) Living in the earth; -- applied to the ground beetles.
{ Ge`o*des"ic (j`*ds"k), Ge`o*des"ic*al (-*kal), } a. [Cf. F. gÈodÈsique.] (Math.) Of or pertaining to geodesy; geodetic.
Ge`o*des"ic, n. A geodetic line or curve.
Ge*od"e*sist (?), n. One versed in geodesy.
Ge*od"e*sy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; ge`a, gh^, the earth + &?; to divide: cf. F. gÈodÈsie.] (Math.) That branch of applied mathematics which determines, by means of observations and measurements, the figures and areas of large portions of the earth's surface, or the general figure and dimenshions of the earth; or that branch of surveying in which the curvature of the earth is taken into account, as in the surveys of States, or of long lines of coast.
{ Ge`o*det"ic (?), Ge`o*det"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to geodesy; obtained or determined by the operations of geodesy; engaged in geodesy; geodesic; as, geodetic surveying; geodetic observers.
Geodetic line or curve, the shortest line that can be drawn between two points on the elipsoidal surface of the earth; a curve drawn on any given surface so that the osculating plane of the curve at every point shall contain the normal to the surface; the minimum line that can be drawn on any surface between any two points.
Ge`o*det"ic*al*ly, adv. In a geodetic manner; according to geodesy.
Ge`o*det"ics (?), n. Same as Geodesy.
Ge`o*dif"er*ous (?), a. [Geode + -ferous.] (Min.) Producing geodes; containing geodes.
Ge"o*duck (?), n. [American Indian name.] (Zoˆl.) A gigantic clam (Glycimeris generosa) of the Pacific coast of North America, highly valued as an article of food.
Ge`og*no"sis (?), n. [See Geognosy.] Knowledge of the earth. [R.] G. Eliot.
Ge"og*nost (?), n. [Cf. F. gÈognoste.] One versed in geognosy; a geologist. [R.]
{ Ge`og*nos"tic (?), Ge`og*nos"tic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. gÈognostique.] Of or pertaining to geognosy, or to a knowledge of the structure of the earth; geological. [R.]
Ge*og"no*sy (?), n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + gnw^sis knowing, knowledge, fr. gignw`skein to know: cf. F. gÈognosie.] That part of geology which treats of the materials of the earth's structure, and its general exterior and interior constitution.
{ Ge`o*gon"ic (?), Ge`o*gon"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. gÈogonique.] Of or pertaining to geogony, or to the formation of the earth.
Ge*og"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + &?; generation, birth, fr. the root of &?; to be born: cf. F. gÈogonie.] The branch of science which treats of the formation of the earth.
Ge*og"ra*pher (?), n. One versed in geography.
{ Ge`o*graph"ic (?), Ge`o*graph"ic*al (?), } a. [L. geographicus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. gÈographique.] Of or pertaining to geography.
Geographical distribution. See under Distribution. -- Geographic latitude (of a place), the angle included between a line perpendicular or normal to the level surface of water at rest at the place, and the plane of the equator; differing slightly from the geocentric latitude by reason of the difference between the earth's figure and a true sphere. -- Geographical mile. See under Mile. -- Geographical variation, any variation of a species which is dependent on climate or other geographical conditions.
Ge`o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. In a geographical manner or method; according to geography.
Ge*og"ra*phy (?), n.; pl. Geographies (#). [F. gÈographie, l. geographia, fr. Gr. &?;; ge`a, gh^, the earth + &?; description, fr. &?; to write, describe. See Graphic.] 1. The science which treats of the world and its inhabitants; a description of the earth, or a portion of the earth, including its structure, features, products, political divisions, and the people by whom it is inhabited.
2. A treatise on this science.
Astronomical, or Mathematical, geography treats of the earth as a planet, of its shape, its size, its lines of latitude and longitude, its zones, and the phenomena due to to the earth's diurnal and annual motions. -- Physical geography treats of the conformation of the earth's surface, of the distribution of land and water, of minerals, plants, animals, etc., and applies the principles of physics to the explanation of the diversities of climate, productions, etc. -- Political geography treats of the different countries into which earth is divided with regard to political and social and institutions and conditions.
Ge*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + &?; worship.] The worship of the earth. G. W. Cox.
The Geological Series. The science of geology, as treating of the history of the globe, involves a description of the different strata which compose its crust, their order of succession, characteristic forms of animal and vegetable life, etc. The principal subdivisions of geological time, and the most important strata, with their relative positions, are indicated in the following diagram.
{ Ge*ol"o*ger (?), Ge`o*lo"gi*an (?), } n. A geologist.
{ Ge`o*log"ic (?), Ge`o*log"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. gÈologique.] Of or pertaining to geology, or the science of the earth.
Ge`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv. In a geological manner.
Ge*ol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. GÈologiste.] One versed in the science of geology.
Ge*ol"o*gize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Geologized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Geologizing (?).] To study geology or make geological investigations in the field; to discourse as a geologist.
During midsummer geologized a little in Shropshire.
Darwin.
Ge*ol"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Geologies (#). [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + -logy: cf. F. gÈologie.]
1. The science which treats: (a) Of the structure and mineral constitution of the globe; structural geology. (b) Of its history as regards rocks, minerals, rivers, valleys, mountains, climates, life, etc.; historical geology. (c) Of the causes and methods by which its structure, features, changes, and conditions have been produced; dynamical geology. See Chart of The Geological Series.
2. A treatise on the science.
Ge*om"a*lism (?), n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + "omalismo`s a leveling.] (Biol.) The tendency of an organism to respond, during its growth, to the force of gravitation.
Ge"o*man`cer (?), n. One who practices, or is versed in, geomancy.
Ge"o*man`cy (?), n. [OE. geomance, geomancie, F. gÈomance, gÈomancie, LL. geomantia, fr. Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + mantei`a divination.] A kind of divination by means of figures or lines, formed by little dots or points, originally on the earth, and latterly on paper.
{ Ge`o*man"tic (?), Ge`o*man"tic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. gÈomantique.] Pertaining or belonging to geomancy.
Ge*om"e*ter (?), n. [F. gÈomËtre, L. geometres, geometra, fr. Gr. gewme`trhs, fr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + me`tron measure. See Meter measure.] 1. One skilled in geometry; a geometrician; a mathematician. I. Watts.
2. (Zoˆl.) Any species of geometrid moth; a geometrid.
Ge*om"e*tral (?), a. [Cf. F. gÈomÈtral.] Pertaining to geometry. [Obs.]
{ Ge`o*met"ric (?), Ge`o*met"ric*al (?), } a. [L. geometricus; Gr. &?;: cf. F. gÈomÈtrique.] Pertaining to, or according to the rules or principles of, geometry; determined by geometry; as, a geometrical solution of a problem.
Geometric is often used, as opposed to algebraic, to include processes or solutions in which the propositions or principles of geometry are made use of rather than those of algebra.
Geometrical is often used in a limited or strictly technical sense, as opposed to mechanical; thus, a construction or solution is geometrical which can be made by ruler and compasses, i. e., by means of right lines and circles. Every construction or solution which requires any other curve, or such motion of a line or circle as would generate any other curve, is not geometrical, but mechanical. By another distinction, a geometrical solution is one obtained by the rules of geometry, or processes of analysis, and hence is exact; while a mechanical solution is one obtained by trial, by actual measurements, with instruments, etc., and is only approximate and empirical.
Geometrical curve. Same as Algebraic curve; -- so called because their different points may be constructed by the operations of elementary geometry. -- Geometric lathe, an instrument for engraving bank notes, etc., with complicated patterns of interlacing lines; -- called also cycloidal engine. -- Geometrical pace, a measure of five feet. -- Geometric pen, an instrument for drawing geometric curves, in which the movements of a pen or pencil attached to a revolving arm of adjustable length may be indefinitely varied by changing the toothed wheels which give motion to the arm. -- Geometrical plane (Persp.), the same as Ground plane . -- Geometrical progression, proportion, ratio. See under Progression, Proportion and Ratio. -- Geometrical radius, in gearing, the radius of the pitch circle of a cogwheel. Knight. -- Geometric spider (Zoˆl.), one of many species of spiders, which spin a geometrical web. They mostly belong to Epeira and allied genera, as the garden spider. See Garden spider. -- Geometric square, a portable instrument in the form of a square frame for ascertaining distances and heights by measuring angles. -- Geometrical staircase, one in which the stairs are supported by the wall at one end only. -- Geometrical tracery, in architecture and decoration, tracery arranged in geometrical figures.
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Ge`o*met"ric*al*ly (?), adv. According to the rules or laws of geometry.
Ge*om`e*tri"cian (?), n. One skilled in geometry; a geometer; a mathematician.
Ge*om"e*trid (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Pertaining or belonging to the GeometridÊ.
Ge*om"e*trid, n. (Zoˆl.) One of numerous genera and species of moths, of the family GeometridÊ; -- so called because their larvÊ (called loopers, measuring worms, spanworms, and inchworms) creep in a looping manner, as if measuring. Many of the species are injurious to agriculture, as the cankerworms.
Ge*om"e*trize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Geometrized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Geometrizing (?).] To investigate or apprehend geometrical quantities or laws; to make geometrical constructions; to proceed in accordance with the principles of geometry.
Nature geometrizeth, and observeth order in all things.
Sir T. Browne.
Ge*om"e*try (?), n.; pl. Geometries (#) [F. gÈomÈtrie, L. geometria, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to measure land; ge`a, gh^, the earth + &?; to measure. So called because one of its earliest and most important applications was to the measurement of the earth's surface. See Geometer.] 1. That branch of mathematics which investigates the relations, properties, and measurement of solids, surfaces, lines, and angles; the science which treats of the properties and relations of magnitudes; the science of the relations of space.
2. A treatise on this science.
Analytical, or Coˆrdinate, geometry, that branch of mathematical analysis which has for its object the analytical investigation of the relations and properties of geometrical magnitudes. -- Descriptive geometry, that part of geometry which treats of the graphic solution of all problems involving three dimensions. -- Elementary geometry, that part of geometry which treats of the simple properties of straight lines, circles, plane surface, solids bounded by plane surfaces, the sphere, the cylinder, and the right cone. -- Higher geometry, that pert of geometry which treats of those properties of straight lines, circles, etc., which are less simple in their relations, and of curves and surfaces of the second and higher degrees.
Ge*oph"a*gism (?), n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, earth + &?; to eat.] The act or habit of eating earth. See Dirt eating, under Dirt. Dunglison.
Ge*oph"a*gist (?), n. One who eats earth, as dirt, clay, chalk, etc.
Ge*oph"a*gous (?), a. Earth- eating.
||Ge*oph"i*la (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. ge`a, gh^, earth + &?; to ||love.] (Zoˆl.) The division of Mollusca which includes the land ||snails and slugs.
{ Ge`o*pon"ic (?), Ge`o*pon"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;; ge`a, gh^, earth + &?; toilsome, fr. &?; labor: cf. F. gÈoponique.] Pertaining to tillage of the earth, or agriculture.
Ge`o*pon"ics (?), n. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. gÈoponique.] The art or science of cultivating the earth; agriculture. Evelin.
Ge`o*ra"ma (?), n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + &?; sight, view, &?; to see, view: cf. F. gÈorama.] A hollow globe on the inner surface of which a map of the world is depicted, to be examined by one standing inside.
Geor"die (?), n. A name given by miners to George Stephenson's safety lamp. Raymond.
George (jÙrj), n. [F. George, or Georges, a proper name, fr. Gr. gewrgo`s husbandman, laborer; ge`a, gh^, the earth + 'e`rgein to work; akin to E. work. See Work.]
1. A figure of St. George (the patron saint of England) on horseback, appended to the collar of the Order of the Garter. See Garter.
2. A kind of brown loaf. [Obs.] Dryden.
George" no`ble (?). [So called from the image of St. George on it.] A gold noble of the time of Henry VIII. See Noble, n.
Geor"gi*an (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to Georgia, in Asia, or to Georgia, one of the United States.
2. Of or relating to the reigns of the four Georges, kings of Great Britan; as, the Georgian era.
Geor"gi*an, n. A native of, or dweller in, Georgia.
Geor"gic (-jk), n. [L. georgicum (sc. carmen), and georgica, pl., Gr. bi`blion gewrgiko`n, and ta~ gewrgika`: cf. F. gÈorgiques, pl. See Georgic, a.] A rural poem; a poetical composition on husbandry, containing rules for cultivating lands, etc.; as, the Georgics of Virgil.
{ Geor"gic (jÙr"jk), Geor"gic*al (-j*kal), } a. [L. georgicus, Gr. gewrgiko`s, fr. gewrgi`a tillage, agriculture: cf. F. gÈorgique. See George.] Relating to agriculture and rural affairs.
||Geor"gi*um Si`dus (?). [NL., the star of George (III. of England).] ||(Astron.) The planet Uranus, so named by its discoverer, Sir W. ||Herschel.
Ge*os"co*py (?), n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + -scopy: cf. F. gÈoscopie.] Knowledge of the earth, ground, or soil, obtained by inspection. Chambers.
Ge`o*se*len"ic (?), a. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + &?; moon.] Pertaining to the earth and moon; belonging to the joint action or mutual relations of the earth and moon; as, geoselenic phenomena.
Ge`o*stat"ic (?), a. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, earth + E. static.] (Civil Engin.) Relating to the pressure exerted by earth or similar substance.
Geostatic arch, an arch having a form adapted to sustain pressure similar to that exerted by earth. Rankine.
Ge`o*syn*cli"nal (?), n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + E. synclinal.] (Geol.) the downward bend or subsidence of the earth's crust, which allows of the gradual accumulation of sediment, and hence forms the first step in the making of a mountain range; -- opposed to geanticlinal.
Ge`o*ther*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + E. thermometer.] (Physics) A thermometer specially constructed for measuring temperetures at a depth below the surface of the ground.
Ge*ot"ic (?) a. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth.] Belonging to earth; terrestrial. [Obs.] Bailey.
Ge`o*trop"ic (?), a. [See Geotropism.] (Biol.) Relating to, or showing, geotropism.
Ge*ot"ro*pism (?), n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + &?; to turn.] (Biol.) A disposition to turn or incline towards the earth; the influence of gravity in determining the direction of growth of an organ.
In plants, organs which grow towards the center of the earth are said to be positively geotropic, and those growing in the opposite direction negatively geotropic. In animals, geotropism is supposed by some to have an influence either direct or indirect on the plane of division of the ovum.
||Ge*phyr"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a dam, a bridge.] (Zoˆl.) ||An order of marine Annelida, in which the body is imperfectly, or not ||at all, annulated externally, and is mostly without setÊ.
Ge*phyr"e*an (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Belonging to the Gephyrea. -- n. One of the Gerphyrea.
Ge*phyr"e*oid (?), a. & n. [Gephyrea + -oid.] Gephyrean.
Ge*pound" (?), n. See Gipoun. [Obs.] Chaucer.
||Ge"rah (?), n. [Heb. g&?;rah, lit., a bean.] (Jewish Antiq.) A small ||coin and weight; 1-20th of a shekel.
The silver gerah is supposed to have been worth about three cents; the gold about fifty-four cents; the weight equivalent to about thirteen grains.
Ge*ra`ni*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of pants (GeraniaceÊ) which includes the genera Geranium, Pelargonium, and many others.
{ Ge*ra"ni*ine (?), Ger"a*nine (?), } n. [See Geranium.]
1. (Med.) A valuable astringent obtained from the root of the Geranium maculatum or crane's- bill.
2. (Chem.) A liquid terpene, obtained from the crane's-bill (Geranium maculatum), and having a peculiar mulberry odor. [Written also geraniin.]
Ge*ra"ni*um (j*r"n*m), n. [L., fr. Gr. gera`nion, from ge`ranos crane: cf. F. gÈranium. See Crane, n.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of plants having a beaklike torus or receptacle, around which the seed capsules are arranged, and membranous projections, or stipules, at the joints. Most of the species have showy flowers and a pungent odor. Called sometimes crane's-bill.
2. (Floriculture) A cultivated pelargonium.
Many plants referred to the genus Geranium by the earlier botanists are now separated from it under the name of Pelargonium, which includes all the commonly cultivated "geraniums", mostly natives of South Africa.
Ge"rant (?), n. [F. gÈrant.] The manager or acting partner of a company, joint-stock association, etc.
Gerbe (?), n. [F., prop. a sheaf.] (Pyrotechny) A kind of ornamental firework. Farrow.
{ Ger"bil (jr"bl), ||Ger`bille" (zhr`bl"), } n. [F. gerbille. Cf. Jerboa.] (Zoˆl.) One of several species of small, jumping, murine rodents, of the genus Gerbillus. In their leaping powers they resemble the jerboa. They inhabit Africa, India, and Southern Europe.
Ger*bo"a (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The jerboa.
Gere (?), n. Gear. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Ge"rent (?), a. [L. gerens, p. pr. of gerere to bear, manage.] Bearing; carrying. [Obs.] Bailey.
Ger"fal`con (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Gyrfalcon.
Ger"ful (?), a. [Cf. OF. girer to twirl, E. gyrate.] Changeable; capricious. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Ger"land (?), Ger"lond, n. A garland. [Obs.]
Ger"lind (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A salmon returning from the sea the second time. [Prov. Eng.]
Germ (?), n. [F. germe, fr. L. germen, germinis, sprout, but, germ. Cf. Germen, Germane.] 1. (Biol.) That which is to develop a new individual; as, the germ of a fetus, of a plant or flower, and the like; the earliest form under which an organism appears.
In the entire process in which a new being originates . . . two distinct classes of action participate; namely, the act of generation by which the germ is produced; and the act of development, by which that germ is evolved into the complete organism.
Carpenter.
2. That from which anything springs; origin; first principle; as, the germ of civil liberty.
Disease germ (Biol.), a name applied to certain tiny bacterial organisms or their spores, such as Anthrax bacillus and the Micrococcus of fowl cholera, which have been demonstrated to be the cause of certain diseases. See Germ theory (below). -- Germ cell (Biol.), the germ, egg, spore, or cell from which the plant or animal arises. At one time a part of the body of the parent, it finally becomes detached,and by a process of multiplication and growth gives rise to a mass of cells, which ultimately form a new individual like the parent. See Ovum. -- Germ gland. (Anat.) See Gonad. -- Germ stock (Zoˆl.), a special process on which buds are developed in certain animals. See Doliolum. -- Germ theory (Biol.), the theory that living organisms can be produced only by the evolution or development of living germs or seeds. See Biogenesis, and Abiogenesis. As applied to the origin of disease, the theory claims that the zymotic diseases are due to the rapid development and multiplication of various bacteria, the germs or spores of which are either contained in the organism itself, or transferred through the air or water. See Fermentation theory.
Germ (?), v. i. To germinate. [R.] J. Morley.
Ger*main" (?), a. [Obs.] See Germane.
Ger"man (?), a. [OE. german, germain, F. germain, fr. L. germanus full, own (said of brothers and sisters who have the same parents); akin to germen germ. Cf. Germ, Germane.] Nearly related; closely akin.
Wert thou a leopard, thou wert german to the lion.
Shak.
Brother german. See Brother german. -- Cousins german. See the Note under Cousin.
Ger"man, n.; pl. Germans (#) [L. Germanus, prob. of Celtis origin.] 1. A native or one of the people of Germany.
2. The German language.
3. (a) A round dance, often with a waltz movement, abounding in capriciosly involved figures. (b) A social party at which the german is danced.
High German, the Teutonic dialect of Upper or Southern Germany, -- comprising Old High German, used from the 8th to the 11th century; Middle H. G., from the 12th to the 15th century; and Modern or New H. G., the language of Luther's Bible version and of modern German literature. The dialects of Central Germany, the basis of the modern literary language, are often called Middle German, and the Southern German dialects Upper German; but High German is also used to cover both groups. -- Low German, the language of Northern Germany and the Netherlands, -- including Friesic; Anglo-Saxon or Saxon; Old Saxon; Dutch or Low Dutch, with its dialect, Flemish; and Plattdeutsch (called also Low German), spoken in many dialects.
Ger"man, a. [L. Germanus. See German, n.] Of or pertaining to Germany.
German Baptists. See Dunker. -- German bit, a wood-boring tool, having a long elliptical pod and a scew point. -- German carp (Zoˆl.), the crucian carp. -- German millet (Bot.), a kind of millet (Setaria Italica, var.), whose seed is sometimes used for food. -- German paste, a prepared food for caged birds. -- German process (Metal.), the process of reducing copper ore in a blast furnace, after roasting, if necessary. Raymond. -- German sarsaparilla, a substitute for sarsaparilla extract. -- German sausage, a polony, or gut stuffed with meat partly cooked. -- German silver (Chem.), a silver-white alloy, hard and tough, but malleable and ductile, and quite permanent in the air. It contains nickel, copper, and zinc in varying proportions, and was originally made from old copper slag at Henneberg. A small amount of iron is sometimes added to make it whiter and harder. It is essentially identical with the Chinese alloy packfong. It was formerly much used for tableware, knife handles, frames, cases, bearings of machinery, etc., but is now largely superseded by other white alloys. -- German steel (Metal.), a metal made from bog iron ore in a forge, with charcoal for fuel. -- German text (Typog.), a character resembling modern German type, used in English printing for ornamental headings, etc., as in the words,
This line is German Text.
-- German tinder. See Amadou.
Ger*man"der (?), n. [OE. germaunder, F. germandrÈe, It. calamandrea, L. chamaedrys, fr. Gr.&?;; &?; on the earth or ground + &?; tree. See Humble, and Tree.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Teucrium (esp. Teucrium ChamÊdrys or wall germander), mintlike herbs and low shrubs.
American germander, Teucrium Canadense. -- Germander chickweed, Veronica agrestis. -- Water germander, Teucrium Scordium. -- Wood germander, Teucrium Scorodonia.
Ger*mane" (?), a. [See German akin, nearly related.] Literally, near akin; hence, closely allied; appropriate or fitting; relevant.
The phrase would be more germane to the matter.
Shak.
[An amendment] must be germane.
Barclay (Digest).
Ger*man"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, germanium.
Ger*man"ic, a. [L. Germanicus: cf. F. germanique. See German, n.] 1. Of or pertaining to Germany; as, the Germanic confederacy.
2. Teutonic. [A loose sense]
Ger"man*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. germanisme.] 1. An idiom of the German language.
2. A characteristic of the Germans; a characteristic German mode, doctrine, etc.; rationalism. J. W. Alexander.
Ger*ma"ni*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Germania Germany.] (Chem.) A rare element, recently discovered (1885), in a silver ore (argyrodite) at Freiberg. It is a brittle, silver-white metal, chemically intermediate between the metals and nonmetals, resembles tin, and is in general identical with the predicted ekasilicon. Symbol Ge. Atomic weight 72.3.
Ger`man*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of Germanizing. M. Arnold.
Ger"man*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Germanized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Germanizing (?).] To make German, or like what is distinctively German; as, to Germanize a province, a language, a society.
Ger"man*ize, v. i. To reason or write after the manner of the Germans.
||Ger*ma"ri*um (?), n. [NL. See Germ.] (Zoˆl.) An organ in which the ||ova are developed in certain Turbellaria.
<! p. 623 !>
Ger"men (jr"mn), n.; pl. E. Germens (#), L. Germina (#). [L.] See Germ.
Ger"mi*ci`dal (jr"m*s`dal), a. Germicide.
Ger"mi*cide (jr"m*sd), a. [Germ + L. caedere to kill.] (Biol.) Destructive to germs; -- applied to any agent which has a destructive action upon living germs, particularly bacteria, or bacterial germs, which are considered the cause of many infectious diseases. -- n. A germicide agent.
Ger"mi*nal (?), a. [See Germ.] Pertaining or belonging to a germ; as, the germinal vesicle.
Germinal layers (Biol.), the two layers of cells, the ectoblast and entoblast, which form respectively the outer covering and inner wall of the gastrula. A third layer of cells, the mesoblast, which is formed later and lies between these two, is sometimes included. -- Germinal membrane. (Biol.) Same as Blastoderm. -- Germinal spot (Biol.), the nucleolus of the ovum. -- Germinal vesicle, (Biol.) , the nucleus of the ovum of animals.
||Ger`mi*nal" (?), n. [F. See Germ .] The seventh month of the French ||republican calendar [1792 -- 1806]. It began March 21 and ended April ||19. See Vend…miaire.
Ger"mi*nant (?), a. [L. germinans, p. pr.] Sprouting; sending forth germs or buds.
Ger"mi*nate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Germinated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Germinating.] [L. germinatus, p. p. of germinare to sprout, fr. germen. See Germ.] To sprout; to bud; to shoot; to begin to vegetate, as a plant or its seed; to begin to develop, as a germ. Bacon.
Ger"mi*nate, v. t. To cause to sprout. Price (1610).
Ger`mi*na"tion (?), n. [L. germinatio: cf. F. germination.] The process of germinating; the beginning of vegetation or growth in a seed or plant; the first development of germs, either animal or vegetable.
Germination apparatus, an apparatus for malting grain.
Ger"mi*na*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. germinatif.] Pertaining to germination; having power to bud or develop.
Germinative spot, Germinative vesicle. (Biol.) Same as Germinal spot, Germinal vesicle, under Germinal.
Ger`mi*par"i*ty (?), n. [Germ + L. parere to produce.] (Biol.) Reproduction by means of germs.
Germ"less, a. Without germs.
Ger"mo*gen (?), n. [Germ + - gen.] (Biol.) (a) A polynuclear mass of protoplasm, not divided into separate cells, from which certain ova are developed. Balfour. (b) The primitive cell in certain embryonic forms. Balfour.
Germ" plasm` (?), (Biol.) See Plasmogen, and Idioplasm.
Germ"ule (?), n. [Dim. fr. germ.] (Biol.) A small germ.
Gern (?), v. t. [See Grin.] To grin or yawn. [Obs.] "[/He] gaped like a gulf when he did gern." Spenser.
Ger"ner (?), n. A garner. [Obs.] Chaucer.
||Ger`o*co"mi*a (?), n. [NL.] See Gerocomy.
Ger`o*com"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to gerocomy. Dr. John Smith.
Ge*roc"o*my (?), n. [F. gÈrocomie, fr. Gr. &?; an old man + &?; to take care of.] That part of medicine which treats of regimen for old people.
||Ge*ron"tes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;.] (Gr. Antiq.) ||Magistrates in Sparta, who with the ephori and kings, constituted the ||supreme civil authority.
Ger`on*toc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, an old man + &?; to rule.] Government by old men. [R.] Gladstone.
||Ger`o*pig"i*a (?), n. [Pg. geropiga.] A mixture composed of ||unfermented grape juice, brandy, sugar, etc., for adulteration of ||wines. [Written also jerupigia.]
-ger*ous (?). [L. -ger, fr. gerere to bear, carry. See Jest.] A suffix signifying bearing, producing; as, calcigerous; dentigerous.
Ger`ry*man"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gerrymandered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gerrymandering.] To divide (a State) into districts for the choice of representatives, in an unnatural and unfair way, with a view to give a political party an advantage over its opponent. [Political Cant, U. S.]
This was done in Massachusetts at a time when Elbridge Gerry was governor, and was attributed to his influence, hence the name; though it is now known that he was opposed to the measure. Bartlett.
Ger"und (?), n. [L. gerundium, fr. gerere to bear, carry, perform. See Gest a deed, Jest.] (Lat. Gram.)
1. A kind of verbal noun, having only the four oblique cases of the singular number, and governing cases like a participle.
2. (AS. Gram.) A verbal noun ending in -e, preceded by to and usually denoting purpose or end; -- called also the dative infinitive; as, "Ic hÊbbe mete tÙ etanne" (I have meat to eat.) In Modern English the name has been applied to verbal or participal nouns in -ing denoting a transitive action; e. g., by throwing a stone.
Ge*run"di*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, a gerund; as, a gerundial use.
Ge*run"dive (?), a. [L. gerundivus.] Pertaining to, or partaking of, the nature of the gerund; gerundial. -- n. (Lat. Gram.) The future passive participle; as, amandus, i. e., to be loved.
Ge*run"dive*ly, adv. In the manner of a gerund; as, or in place of, a gerund.
Ger"y (?), a. [See Gerful.] Changeable; fickle. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Ges"ling (?), n. A gosling. [Prov. Eng.]
Gesse (?), v. t. & i. To guess. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gest (?), n. A guest. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gest (?), n. [OF. geste exploit. See Jest.]
1. Something done or achieved; a deed or an action; an adventure. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. An action represented in sports, plays, or on the stage; show; ceremony. [Obs.] Mede.
3. A tale of achievements or adventures; a stock story. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.
4. Gesture; bearing; deportment. [Archaic]
Through his heroic grace and honorable gest.
Spenser.
Gest (?), n. [Cf. Gist a resting place.]
1. A stage in traveling; a stop for rest or lodging in a journey or progress; a rest. [Obs.] Kersey.
2. A roll recting the several stages arranged for a royal progress. Many of them are extant in the herald's office. [Obs.] Hanmer.
Ges"tant (?), a. [L. gestans, p. pr. of gestare.] Bearing within; laden; burdened; pregnant. [R.] "Clouds gestant with heat." Mrs. Browning.
Ges*ta"tion (?), n. [L. gestatio a bearing, carrying, fr. gestare to bear, carry, intens. fr. gerere, gestum, to bear: cf. F. gestation. See Gest deed, Jest.]
1. The act of wearing (clothes or ornaments). [Obs.]
2. The act of carrying young in the womb from conception to delivery; pregnancy.
3. Exercise in which one is borne or carried, as on horseback, or in a carriage, without the exertion of his own powers; passive exercise. Dunglison.
Ges"ta*to*ry (?), a. [L. gestatorius that serves for carrying: cf. F. gestatoire.]
1. Pertaining to gestation or pregnancy.
2. Capable of being carried or worn. [Obs. or R.]
Geste (?), v. i. To tell stories or gests. [Obs.]
Ges"tic (?), a. [See Gest a deed, Gesture.]
1. Pertaining to deeds or feats of arms; legendary.
And the gay grandsire, skilled in gestic lore.
Goldsmith.
2. Relating to bodily motion; consisting of gestures; -- said especially with reference to dancing.
Carried away by the enthusiasm of the gestic art.
Sir W. Scott.
Ges*tic"u*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gesticulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gesticulating.] [L. gesticulatus, p. p. of gesticulari to gesticulate, fr. gesticulus a mimic gesture, gesticulation, dim. of gestus gesture, fr. gerere, gestum, to bear, carry, peform. See Gestic.] To make gestures or motions, as in speaking; to use postures. Sir T. Herbert.
Ges*tic"u*late, v. t. To represent by gesture; to act. [R.] B. Jonson.
Ges*tic`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. gesticulatio: cf. F. gesticulation.] 1. The act of gesticulating, or making gestures to express passion or enforce sentiments.
2. A gesture; a motion of the body or limbs in speaking, or in representing action or passion, and enforcing arguments and sentiments. Macaulay.
3. Antic tricks or motions. B. Jonson.
Ges*tic"u*la`tor (?), n. [L.] One who gesticulates.
Ges*tic"u*la*to*ry (?), a. Representing by, or belonging to, gestures. T. Warton.
Ges"tour (?), n. [See Gest a deed.] A reciter of gests or legendary tales; a story- teller. [Obs.]
Minstrels and gestours for to tell tales.
Chaucer.
Ges"tur*al (?), a. Relating to gesture.
Ges"ture (?), n. [LL. gestura mode of action, fr. L. gerere, gestum, to bear, behave, perform, act. See Gest a deed.] 1. Manner of carrying the body; position of the body or limbs; posture. [Obs.]
Accubation, or lying down at meals, was a gesture used by many nations.
Sir T. Browne.
2. A motion of the body or limbs expressive of sentiment or passion; any action or posture intended to express an idea or a passion, or to enforce or emphasize an argument, assertion, or opinion.
Humble and reverent gestures.
Hooker.
Grace was in all her steps, heaven in her eye, In every gesture dignity and love.
Milton.
Ges"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gestured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gesturing.] To accompany or illustrate with gesture or action; to gesticulate.
It is not orderly read, nor gestured as beseemeth.
Hooker.
Ges"ture, v. i. To make gestures; to gesticulate.
The players . . . gestured not undecently withal.
Holland.
Ges"ture*less, a. Free from gestures.
Ges"ture*ment (?), n. Act of making gestures; gesturing. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
Get (?), n. Jet, the mineral. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Get (?), n. [OF. get.] 1. Fashion; manner; custom. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. Artifice; contrivance. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Get (gt), v. t. [imp. Got (gt) (Obs. Gat (gt)); p. p. Got (Obsolescent Gotten (gt"t'n)); p. pr. & vb. n. Getting.] [OE. geten, AS. gitan, gietan (in comp.); akin to Icel. geta, Goth. bigitan to find, L. prehendere to seize, take, Gr. chanda`nein to hold, contain. Cf. Comprehend, Enterprise, Forget, Impregnable, Prehensile.] 1. To procure; to obtain; to gain possession of; to acquire; to earn; to obtain as a price or reward; to come by; to win, by almost any means; as, to get favor by kindness; to get wealth by industry and economy; to get land by purchase, etc.
2. Hence, with have and had, to come into or be in possession of; to have. Johnson.
Thou hast got the face of man.
Herbert.
3. To beget; to procreate; to generate.
I had rather to adopt a child than get it.
Shak.
4. To obtain mental possession of; to learn; to commit to memory; to memorize; as to get a lesson; also with out; as, to get out one's Greek lesson.
It being harder with him to get one sermon by heart, than to pen twenty.
Bp. Fell.
5. To prevail on; to induce; to persuade.
Get him to say his prayers.
Shak.
6. To procure to be, or to cause to be in any state or condition; -- with a following participle.
Those things I bid you do; get them dispatched.
Shak.
7. To betake; to remove; -- in a reflexive use.
Get thee out from this land.
Gen. xxxi. 13.
He . . . got himself . . . to the strong town of Mega.
Knolles.
Get, as a transitive verb, is combined with adverbs implying motion, to express the causing to, or the effecting in, the object of the verb, of the kind of motion indicated by the preposition; thus, to get in, to cause to enter, to bring under shelter; as, to get in the hay; to get out, to make come forth, to extract; to get off, to take off, to remove; to get together, to cause to come together, to collect.
To get by heart, to commit to memory. - - To get the better of, To get the best of, to obtain an advantage over; to surpass; to subdue. -- To get up, to cause to be established or to exit; to prepare; to arrange; to construct; to invent; as, to get up a celebration, a machine, a book, an agitation.
Syn. -- To obtain; gain; win; acquire. See Obtain.
Get (gt), v. i. 1. To make acquisition; to gain; to profit; to receive accessions; to be increased.
We mourn, France smiles; we lose, they daily get.
Shak.
2. To arrive at, or bring one's self into, a state, condition, or position; to come to be; to become; -- with a following adjective or past participle belonging to the subject of the verb; as, to get sober; to get awake; to get beaten; to get elected.
To get rid of fools and scoundrels.
Pope.
His chariot wheels get hot by driving fast.
Coleridge.
It [get] gives to the English language a middle voice, or a power of verbal expression which is neither active nor passive. Thus we say to get acquitted, beaten, confused, dressed. Earle.
Get, as an intransitive verb, is used with a following preposition, or adverb of motion, to indicate, on the part of the subject of the act, movement or action of the kind signified by the preposition or adverb; or, in the general sense, to move, to stir, to make one's way, to advance, to arrive, etc.; as, to get away, to leave, to escape; to disengage one's self from; to get down, to descend, esp. with effort, as from a literal or figurative elevation; to get along, to make progress; hence, to prosper, succeed, or fare; to get in, to enter; to get out, to extricate one's self, to escape; to get through, to traverse; also, to finish, to be done; to get to, to arrive at, to reach; to get off, to alight, to descend from, to dismount; also, to escape, to come off clear; to get together, to assemble, to convene.
To get ahead, to advance; to prosper. - - To get along, to proceed; to advance; to prosper. -- To get a mile (or other distance), to pass over it in traveling. -- To get among, to go or come into the company of; to become one of a number. -- To get asleep, to fall asleep. -- To get astray, to wander out of the right way. -- To get at, to reach; to make way to. To get away with, to carry off; to capture; hence, to get the better of; to defeat. -- To get back, to arrive at the place from which one departed; to return. -- To get before, to arrive in front, or more forward. -- To get behind, to fall in the rear; to lag. -- To get between, to arrive between. -- To get beyond, to pass or go further than; to exceed; to surpass. "Three score and ten is the age of man, a few get beyond it." Thackeray. -- To get clear, to disengage one's self; to be released, as from confinement, obligation, or burden; also, to be freed from danger or embarrassment. -- To get drunk, to become intoxicated. -- To get forward, to proceed; to advance; also, to prosper; to advance in wealth. -- To get home, to arrive at one's dwelling, goal, or aim. -- To get into. (a) To enter, as, "she prepared to get into the coach." Dickens. (b) To pass into, or reach; as, " a language has got into the inflated state." Keary. -- To get loose or free, to disengage one's self; to be released from confinement. -- To get near, to approach within a small distance. -- To get on, to proceed; to advance; to prosper. -- To get over. (a) To pass over, surmount, or overcome, as an obstacle or difficulty. (b) To recover from, as an injury, a calamity. -- To get through. (a) To pass through something. (b) To finish what one was doing. -- To get up. (a) To rise; to arise, as from a bed, chair, etc. (b) To ascend; to climb, as a hill, a tree, a flight of stairs, etc.
Get, n. Offspring; progeny; as, the get of a stallion.
Get"en (?), obs. p. p. of Get. Chaucer.
Geth (?), the original third pers. sing. pres. of Go. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Get"-pen`ny (?), n. Something which gets or gains money; a successful affair. [Colloq.] Chapman.
Get"ta*ble (?), a. That may be obtained. [R.]
Get"ter (?), n. One who gets, gains, obtains, acquires, begets, or procreates.
Get"ter*up`, n. One who contrives, makes, or arranges for, anything, as a book, a machine, etc. [Colloq.]
A diligent getter-up of miscellaneous works.
W. Irving.
Get"ting (?), n. 1. The act of obtaining or acquiring; acquisition.
With all thy getting, get understanding.
Prov. iv. 7.
2. That which is got or obtained; gain; profit.
Get"-up (?), n. General composition or structure; manner in which the parts of a thing are combined; make-up; style of dress, etc. [Colloq.] H. Kingsley.
Gew"gaw (?), n. [OE. gigawe, gugawe, gewgaude, prob. the same word as OE. givegove gewgaw, apparently a reduplicated form fr. AS. gifan to give; cf. also F. joujou plaything, and E. gaud, n. See Give, and cf. Giffgaff.] A showy trifle; a toy; a splendid plaything; a pretty but worthless bauble.
A heavy gewgaw called a crown.
Dryden.
Gew"gaw, a. Showy; unreal; pretentious.
Seeing his gewgaw castle shine.
Tennyson.
Gey"ser (?), n. [Icel. geysir, fr. geysa to rush furiously, fr. gjsa to gush. Cf. Gush.] A boiling spring which throws forth at frequent intervals jets of water, mud, etc., driven up by the expansive power of steam.
Geysers were first known in Iceland, and later in New Zealand. In the Yellowstone region in the United States they are numerous, and some of them very powerful, throwing jets of boiling water and steam to a height of 200 feet. They are grouped in several areas called geyser basins. The mineral matter, or geyserite, with which geyser water is charged, forms geyser cones about the orifice, often of great size and beauty.
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Gey"ser*ite (?), n. [From Geyser.] (Min.) A loose hydrated form of silica, a variety of opal, deposited in concretionary cauliflowerlike masses, around some hot springs and geysers.
||Ghar"ry (?), n. [Hind. g&?;i.] Any wheeled cart or carriage. [India]
Ghast (?), v. t. [OE. gasten. See Ghastly, a.] To strike aghast; to affright. [Obs.]
Ghasted by the noise I made. Full suddenly he fled.
Shak.
Ghast"ful (?), a. [See Ghastly, a.] Fit to make one aghast; dismal. [Obs.] -- Ghast"ful*ly, adv.
Ghast"li*ness (?), n. The state of being ghastly; a deathlike look.
Ghast"ly (?), a. [Compar. Ghastlier (?); superl. Ghastliest.] [OE. gastlich, gastli, fearful, causing fear, fr. gasten to terrify, AS. gÊstan. Cf. Aghast, Gast, Gaze, Ghostly.] 1. Like a ghost in appearance; deathlike; pale; pallid; dismal.
Each turned his face with a ghastly pang.
Coleridge.
His face was so ghastly that it could scarcely be recognized.
Macaulay.
2. Horrible; shocking; dreadful; hideous.
Mangled with ghastly wounds through plate and mail.
Milton.
Ghast"ly, adv. In a ghastly manner; hideously.
Staring full ghastly like a strangled man.
Shak.
Ghast"ness, n. Ghastliness. [Obs.] Shak.
{ ||Ghat Ghaut } (?), n. [Hind. ght.]
1. A pass through a mountain. [India] J. D. Hooker.
2. A range of mountains. Balfour (Cyc. of Ind. ).
3. Stairs descending to a river; a landing place; a wharf. [India] Malcom.
||Gha*wa"zi (?), n. pl. [Etymol. uncertain.] Egyptian dancing girls, of ||a lower sort than the almeh.
{ Ghe"ber Ghe"bre } (?), n. [Pers. ghebr: cf. F. GuËbre. Cf. Giaour.] A worshiper of fire; a Zoroastrian; a Parsee.
Ghee (g), n. [Hind. gh clarified butter, Skr. ghta.] Butter clarified by boiling, and thus converted into a kind of oil. [India] Malcom.
Gher"kin (gr"kn), n. [D. agurkje, a dim. akin to G. gurke, Dan. agurke; cf. Pol. ogÛrek, Bohem. okurka, LGr. 'aggoy`rion watermelon, Ar. al-khiyr, Per. khiyr.]
1. (Bot.) A kind of small, prickly cucumber, much used for pickles.
2. (Zoˆl.) See Sea gherkin.
Ghess (?), v. t. & i. See Guess. [Obs.]
||Ghet"to (?), n. [It.] The Jews'quarter in an Italian town or city.
I went to the Ghetto, where the Jews dwell.
Evelyn.
Ghib"el*line (?), n. [It. Ghibellino; of German origin.] (It. Hist.) One of a faction in Italy, in the 12th and 13th centuries, which favored the German emperors, and opposed the Guelfs, or adherents of the poses. Brande & C.
Ghole (?), n. See Ghoul.
Ghost (?), n. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. gst breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g&?;st spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]
1. The spirit; the soul of man. [Obs.]
Then gives her grieved ghost thus to lament.
Spenser.
2. The disembodied soul; the soul or spirit of a deceased person; a spirit appearing after death; an apparition; a specter.
The mighty ghosts of our great Harrys rose.
Shak.
I thought that I had died in sleep, And was a blessed ghost.
Coleridge.
3. Any faint shadowy semblance; an unsubstantial image; a phantom; a glimmering; as, not a ghost of a chance; the ghost of an idea.
Each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor.
Poe.
4. A false image formed in a telescope by reflection from the surfaces of one or more lenses.
Ghost moth (Zoˆl.), a large European moth (Hepialus humuli); so called from the white color of the male, and the peculiar hovering flight; -- called also great swift. -- Holy Ghost, the Holy Spirit; the Paraclete; the Comforter; (Theol.) the third person in the Trinity. -- To give up or yield up the ghost, to die; to expire.
And he gave up the ghost full softly.
Chaucer.
Jacob . . . yielded up the ghost, and was gathered unto his people
. Gen. xlix. 33.
Ghost, v. i. To die; to expire. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.
Ghost, v. t. To appear to or haunt in the form of an apparition. [Obs.] Shak.
Ghost"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A pale unspotted variety of the wrymouth.
Ghost"less, a. Without life or spirit. [R.]
Ghost"like` (?), a. Like a ghost; ghastly.
Ghost"li*ness, n. The quality of being ghostly.
Ghost"ly, a. [OE. gastlich, gostlich, AS. gstlic. See Ghost.] 1. Relating to the soul; not carnal or secular; spiritual; as, a ghostly confessor.
Save and defend us from our ghostly enemies.
Book of Common Prayer [Ch. of Eng. ]
One of the gostly children of St. Jerome.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Of or pertaining to apparitions. Akenside.
Ghost"ly, adv. Spiritually; mystically. Chaucer.
Ghost*ol"o*gy (?), n. Ghost lore. [R.]
It seemed even more unaccountable than if it had been a thing of ghostology and witchcraft.
Hawthorne.
Ghoul (gl), n. [Per. ghl an imaginary sylvan demon, supposed to devour men and animals: cf. Ar. ghl, F. goule.] An imaginary evil being among Eastern nations, which was supposed to feed upon human bodies. [Written also ghole .] Moore.
Ghoul"ish, a. Characteristic of a ghoul; vampirelike; hyenalike.
Ghyll (?), n. A ravine. See Gill a woody glen. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Wordsworth.
||Gial`lo*li"no (?), n. [It., from giallo yellow, prob. fr. OHG. gelo, ||G. gelb; akin to E. yellow.] A term variously employed by early ||writers on art, though commonly designating the yellow oxide of lead, ||or massicot. Fairholt.
Giam"beux (zhm"b), n. pl. [See Jambeux.] Greaves; armor for the legs. [Obs.] Spenser.
Gi"ant (?), n. [OE. giant, geant, geaunt, OF. jaiant, geant, F. gÈant, L. gigas, fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, from the root of E. gender, genesis. See Gender, and cf. Gigantic.]
1. A man of extraordinari bulk and stature.
Giants of mighty bone and bold emprise.
Milton.
2. A person of extraordinary strength or powers, bodily or intellectual.
3. Any animal, plant, or thing, of extraordinary size or power.
Giant's Causeway, a vast collection of basaltic pillars, in the county of Antrim on the northern coast of Ireland.
Gi"ant, a. Like a giant; extraordinary in size, strength, or power; as, giant brothers; a giant son.
Giant cell. (Anat.) See Myeloplax. -- Giant clam (Zoˆl.), a bivalve shell of the genus Tridacna, esp. T. gigas, which sometimes weighs 500 pounds. The shells are sometimes used in churches to contain holy water. -- Giant heron (Zoˆl.), a very large African heron (Ardeomega goliath). It is the largest heron known. -- Giant kettle, a pothole of very large dimensions, as found in Norway in connection with glaciers. See Pothole. -- Giant powder. See Nitroglycerin. -- Giant puffball (Bot.), a fungus (Lycoperdon giganteum), edible when young, and when dried used for stanching wounds. -- Giant salamander (Zoˆl.), a very large aquatic salamander (Megalobatrachus maximus), found in Japan. It is the largest of living Amphibia, becoming a yard long. -- Giant squid (Zoˆl.), one of several species of very large squids, belonging to Architeuthis and allied genera. Some are over forty feet long.
Gi"ant*ess, n. A woman of extraordinary size.
Gi"ant*ize (?), v. i. [Cf. F. gÈantiser.] To play the giant. [R.] Sherwood.
Gi"ant*ly, a. Appropriate to a giant. [Obs.] Usher.
Gi"ant*ry (?), n. The race of giants. [R.] Cotgrave.
Gi"ant*ship, n. The state, personality, or character, of a giant; -- a compellation for a giant.
His giantship is gone somewhat crestfallen
. Milton.
||Giaour (?), n. [Turk. giaur an infidel, Per. gawr, another form of ||ghebr fire worshiper. Cf. Kaffir, Gheber .] An infidel; -- a term ||applied by Turks to disbelievers in the Mohammedan religion, ||especially Christrians. Byron.
Gib (?), n. [Abbreviated fr. Gilbert, the name of the cat in the old story of "Reynard the Fox". in the "Romaunt of the Rose", etc.] A male cat; a tomcat. [Obs.]
Gib, v. i. To act like a cat. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
Gib (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A piece or slip of metal or wood, notched or otherwise, in a machine or structure, to hold other parts in place or bind them together, or to afford a bearing surface; -- usually held or adjusted by means of a wedge, key, or screw.
Gib and key, or Gib and cotter (Steam Engine), the fixed wedge or gib, and the driving wedge,key, or cotter, used for tightening the strap which holds the brasses at the end of a connecting rod.
Gib, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gibbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gibbing.] To secure or fasten with a gib, or gibs; to provide with a gib, or gibs.
Gibbed lathe, an engine lathe in which the tool carriage is held down to the bed by a gib instead of by a weight.
Gib (?), v. i. To balk. See Jib, v. i. Youatt.
Gib*bar"tas (?), n. [Cf. Ar. jebbr giant; or L. gibber humpbacked: cf. F. gibbar.] (Zoˆl.) One of several finback whales of the North Atlantic; -- called also Jupiter whale. [Written also jubartas, gubertas, dubertus.]
Gib"ber (?), n. [From Gib to balk.] A balky horse. Youatt.
Gib"ber (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gibbered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gibbering.] [Akin to jabber, and gabble.] To speak rapidly and inarticulately. Shak.
Gib"ber*ish (?), n. [From Gibber, v. i.] Rapid and inarticulate talk; unintelligible language; unmeaning words; jargon.
He, like a gypsy, oftentimes would go; All kinds of gibberish he had learnt to know.
Drayton.
Such gibberish as children may be heard amusing themselves with.
Hawthorne.
Gib"ber*ish, a. Unmeaning; as, gibberish language.
Gib"bet (?), n. [OE. gibet, F. gibet, in OF. also club, fr. LL. gibetum;; cf. OF. gibe sort of sickle or hook, It. giubbetto gibbet, and giubbetta, dim. of giubba mane, also, an under waistcoat, doublet, Prov. It. gibba (cf. Jupon); so that it perhaps originally signified a halter, a rope round the neck of malefactors; or it is, perhaps, derived fr. L. gibbus hunched, humped, E. gibbous; or cf. E. jib a sail.]
1. A kind of gallows; an upright post with an arm projecting from the top, on which, formerly, malefactors were hanged in chains, and their bodies allowed to remain as a warning.
2. The projecting arm of a crane, from which the load is suspended; the jib.
Gib"bet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gibbeted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gibbeting.]
1. To hang and expose on a gibbet.
2. To expose to infamy; to blacken.
I'll gibbet up his name.
Oldham.
Gib"bier (?), n. [F. gibier.] Wild fowl; game. [Obs.] Addison.
Gib"bon (?), n. [Cf. F. gibbon.] (Zoˆl.) Any arboreal ape of the genus Hylobates, of which many species and varieties inhabit the East Indies and Southern Asia. They are tailless and without cheek pouches, and have very long arms, adapted for climbing.
The white-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar), the crowned (H. pilatus), the wou-wou or singing gibbon (H. agilis), the siamang, and the hoolock. are the most common species.
Gib" boom` (?). See Jib boom.
Gib*bose" (?), a. [L. gibbosus, fr. gibbus, gibba, hunch, hump. Cf. Gibbous.] Humped; protuberant; -- said of a surface which presents one or more large elevations. Brande & C.
Gib*bost"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. gibbositÈ.] The state of being gibbous or gibbose; gibbousness.
Gib"bous (?), a. [Cf. F. gibbeux. See Gibbose.]
1. Swelling by a regular curve or surface; protuberant; convex; as, the moon is gibbous between the half- moon and the full moon.
The bones will rise, and make a gibbous member.
Wiseman.
2. Hunched; hump-backed. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
-- Gib"bous*ly, adv. -- Gib"bous*ness, n.
Gibbs"ite (?), n. [Named after George Gibbs.] (Min.) A hydrate of alumina.
Gib"-cat` (?), n. A male cat, esp. an old one. See lst Gib. n. [Obs.] Shak.
Gibe (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gibed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gibing.] [Cf. Prov. F. giber, equiv. to F. jouer to play, Icel. geipa to talk nonsense, E. jabber.] To cast reproaches and sneering expressions; to rail; to utter taunting, sarcastic words; to flout; to fleer; to scoff.
Fleer and gibe, and laugh and flout.
Swift.
Gibe, v. i. To reproach with contemptuous words; to deride; to scoff at; to mock.
Draw the beasts as I describe them, From their features, while I gibe them.
Swift.
Gibe, n. An expression of sarcastic scorn; a sarcastic jest; a scoff; a taunt; a sneer.
Mark the fleers, the gibes, and notable scorns.
Shak.
With solemn gibe did Eustace banter me.
Tennyson.
||Gib"el (?), n. [G. gibel, giebel.] (Zoˆl.) A kind of carp (Cyprinus ||gibelio); -- called also Prussian carp.
Gib"er (?) n. One who utters gibes. B. Jonson.
Gib"fish` (?), n. The male of the salmon. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.
Gib"ing*ly (?), adv. In a gibing manner; scornfully.
Gib"let (?), a. Made of giblets; as, a giblet pie.
Gib"lets (?), n. pl. [OE. gibelet, OF. gibelet game: cf. F. gibelotte stewed rabbit. Cf. Gibbier.] The inmeats, or edible viscera (heart, gizzard, liver, etc.), of poultry.
Gib"staff` (?), n. [Prov. E. gib a hooked stick + E. staff.] 1. A staff to guage water, or to push a boat.
2. A staff formerly used in fighting beasts on the stage. [Obs.] Bailey.
Gid (?), n. [Cf. Giddy, a.] A disease of sheep, characterized by vertigo; the staggers. It is caused by the presence of the C&?;nurus, a larval tapeworm, in the brain. See C&?;nurus.
Gid"di*ly (?), adv. In a giddy manner.
Gid"di*ness, n. The quality or state of being giddy.
Gid"dy (?), a. [Compar. Giddier (?); superl. Giddiest.] [OE. gidi mad, silly, AS. gidig, of unknown origin, cf. Norw. gidda to shake, tremble.]
1. Having in the head a sensation of whirling or reeling about; having lost the power of preserving the balance of the body, and therefore wavering and inclined to fall; lightheaded; dizzy.
By giddy head and staggering legs betrayed.
Tate.
2. Promoting or inducing giddiness; as, a giddy height; a giddy precipice. Prior.
Upon the giddy footing of the hatches.
Shak.
3. Bewildering on account of rapid turning; running round with celerity; gyratory; whirling.
The giddy motion of the whirling mill.
Pope.
4. Characterized by inconstancy; unstable; changeable; fickle; wild; thoughtless; heedless. "Giddy, foolish hours." Rowe. "Giddy chance." Dryden.
Young heads are giddy and young hearts are warm.
Cowper.
Gid"dy, v. i. To reel; to whirl. Chapman.
Gid"dy, v. t. To make dizzy or unsteady. [Obs.]
Gid"dy-head` (?), n. A person without thought fulness, prudence, or judgment. [Colloq.] Burton.
Gid"dy-head`ed (?), a. Thoughtless; unsteady.
Gid"dy-paced` (?), a. Moving irregularly; flighty; fickle. [R.] Shak.
Gie (?), v. t. To guide. See Gye . [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gie (?), v. t. To give. [Scot.] Burns.
Gier"-ea`gle (?), n. [Cf. D. gier vulture, G. gier, and E. gyrfalcon.] (Zoˆl.) A bird referred to in the Bible (Lev. xi. 18and Deut. xiv. 17) as unclean, probably the Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus).
Gier"-fal`con (?), n. [Cf. Gier- eagle, Gyrfalcon.] (Zoˆl.) The gyrfalcon.
Gie"seck*ite (?), n. [Named after Karl Giesecke.] (Min.) A mineral occurring in greenish gray six-sided prisms, having a greasy luster. It is probably a pseudomorph after elÊolite.
Gif (?), conj. [AS. See If.] If. [Obs.]
Gif is the old form of if, and frequently occurs in the earlier English writers. See If.
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Gif"fard in*ject"or (?). (Mach.) See under Injector.
Giff"gaff (?), n. [Reduplicated fr. give.] Mutual accommodation; mutual giving. [Scot.]
Gif"fy (?), n. [Obs.] See Jiffy.
Gift (?), n. [OE. gift, yift, yeft, AS. gift, fr. gifan to give; akin to D. & G. gift, Icel. gift, gipt, Goth. gifts (in comp.). See Give, v. t.] 1. Anything given; anything voluntarily transferred by one person to another without compensation; a present; an offering.
Shall I receive by gift, what of my own, . . . I can command ?
Milton.
2. The act, right, or power of giving or bestowing; as, the office is in the gift of the President.
3. A bribe; anything given to corrupt.
Neither take a gift, for a gift doth blind the eyes of the wise.
Deut. xvi. 19.
4. Some quality or endowment given to man by God; a preÎminent and special talent or aptitude; power; faculty; as, the gift of wit; a gift for speaking.
5. (Law) A voluntary transfer of real or personal property, without any consideration. It can be perfected only by deed, or in case of personal property, by an actual delivery of possession. Bouvier. Burrill.
Gift rope (Naut), a rope extended to a boat for towing it; a guest rope.
Syn. -- Present; donation; grant; largess; benefaction; boon; bounty; gratuity; endowment; talent; faculty. -- Gift, Present, Donation. These words, as here compared, denote something gratuitously imparted to another out of one's property. A gift is something given whether by a superior or an inferior, and is usually designed for the relief or benefit of him who receives it. A present is ordinarly from an equal or inferior, and is always intended as a compliment or expression of kindness. Donation is a word of more dignity, denoting, properly, a gift of considerable value, and ordinarly a gift made either to some public institution, or to an individual on account of his services to the public; as, a donation to a hospital, a charitable society, or a minister.
Gift, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gifted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gifting.] To endow with some power or faculty.
He was gifted . . . with philosophical sagacity.
I. Taylor.
Gift"ed*ness, n. The state of being gifted. Echard.
Gig (jg or gg), n. [Cf. OF. gigue. See Jig, n.] A fiddle. [Obs.]
Gig (gg), v. t. [Prob. fr. L. gignere to beget.] To engender. [Obs.] Dryden.
Gig, n. A kind of spear or harpoon. See Fishgig.
Gig, v. t. To fish with a gig.
Gig, n. [OE. gigge. Cf. Giglot.] A playful or wanton girl; a giglot.
Gig, n. [Cf. Icel. ggja fiddle, MHG. gge, G. geige, Icel. geiga to take a wrong direction, rove at random, and E. jig.] 1. A top or whirligig; any little thing that is whirled round in play.
Thou disputest like an infant; go, whip thy gig.
Shak.
2. A light carriage, with one pair of wheels, drawn by one horse; a kind of chaise.
3. (Naut.) A long, light rowboat, generally clinkerbuilt, and designed to be fast; a boat appropriated to the use of the commanding officer; as, the captain's gig.
4. (Mach.) A rotatory cylinder, covered with wire teeth or teasels, for teaseling woolen cloth.
Gig machine, Gigging machine, Gig mill, or Napping machine. See Gig, 4. -- Gig saw. See Jig saw.
Gi`gan*te"an (?), a. [L. giganteus, fr. gigas, antis. See Giant.] Like a giant; mighty; gigantic. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
Gi`gan*tesque" (?), a. [F.] Befitting a giant; bombastic; magniloquent.
The sort of mock-heroic gigantesque With which we bantered little Lilia first.
Tennyson.
Gi*gan"tic (?), a. [L. gigas, -antis, giant. See Giant.] 1. Of extraordinary size; like a giant.
2. Such as a giant might use, make, or cause; immense; tremendous; extraordinarly; as, gigantic deeds; gigantic wickedness. Milton.
When descends on the Atlantic The gigantic Strom wind of the equinox.
Longfellow.
Gi*gan"tic*al, a. Bulky, big. [Obs.] Burton. -- Gi*gan"tic*al*ly, adv.
Gi*gan"ti*cide (?), n. [. gigas, -antis, giant + caedere to kill.] The act of killing, or one who kills, a giant. Hallam.
Gi*gan"tine (?), a. Gigantic. [Obs.] Bullokar.
Gi`gan*tol"og*y (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, giant + -logy: cf. F. gigantologie.] An account or description of giants.
Gi`gan*tom"a*chy (?), n. [L. gigantomachia, fr. Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, giant + &?; battle: cf. F. gigantomachie.] A war of giants; especially, the fabulous war of the giants against heaven.
Gige (gj or gj), Guige, n. [OF. guide, guiche.] (Anc. Armor) The leather strap by which the shield of a knight was slung across the shoulder, or across the neck and shoulder. Meyrick (Ancient Armor).
||Gi*ge"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Gigeria (#). [NL., fr. L. gigeria, pl., the ||cooked entrails of poultry.] (Anat.) The muscular stomach, or ||gizzard, of birds.
Gig"get (?), n. Same as Gigot.
Cut the slaves to giggets.
Beau. & Fl.
Gig"gle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Giggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Giggling (?).] [Akin to gaggle: cf. OD. ghichelen, G. kichern.] To laugh with short catches of the breath or voice; to laugh in a light, affected, or silly manner; to titter with childish levity.
Giggling and laughing with all their might At the piteous hap of the fairy wight.
J. R. Drake.
Gig"gle (?), n. A kind of laugh, with short catches of the voice or breath; a light, silly laugh.
Gig"gler (?), n. One who giggles or titters.
Gig"gly (?), a. Prone to giggling. Carlyle.
Gig"got (?), n. See Gigot. [Obs.] Chapman.
Gig"gyng (?), n. [See Gige.] The act of fastending the gige or leather strap to the shield. [Obs.] "Gigging of shields." Chaucer.
{ Gig"lot (?), Gig"let (?), } n. [Cf. Icel. gikkr a pert, rude person, Dan. giek a fool, silly man, AS. gagol, gÊgl, lascivious, wanton, MHG. gogel wanton, giege fool, and E. gig a wanton person.] A wanton; a lascivious or light, giddy girl. [Obs.]
The giglet is willful, and is running upon her fate.
Sir W. Scott.
Gig"lot (?), a. Giddi; light; inconstant; wanton. [Obs.] "O giglot fortune!" Shak.
Gig"ot, Gig"got (&?;), n. [F., fr. OF. gigue fiddle; -- on account of the resemblance in shape. See Jig, n.]
1. A leg of mutton.
2. A small piece of flesh; a slice. [Obs.]
The rest in giggots cut, they spit.
Chapman.
Gi"la mon"ster (?). (Zoˆl.) A large tuberculated lizard (Heloderma suspectum) native of the dry plains of Arizona, New Mexico, etc. It is the only lizard known to have venomous teeth.
Gild (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gilded or Gilt (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Gilding.] [AS. gyldan, from gold gold. √234. See Gold.] 1. To overlay with a thin covering of gold; to cover with a golden color; to cause to look like gold. "Gilded chariots." Pope.
No more the rising sun shall gild the morn.
Pope.
2. To make attractive; to adorn; to brighten.
Let oft good humor, mild and gay, Gild the calm evening of your day.
Trumbull.
3. To give a fair but deceptive outward appearance to; to embellish; as, to gild a lie. Shak.
4. To make red with drinking. [Obs.]
This grand liquior that hath gilded them.
Shak.
Gild"ale` (?), n. [AS. gilgan to pay + E. ale. See Yield, v. t., and Ale.] A drinking bout in which every one pays an equal share. [Obs.]
Gild"en (?), a. Gilded. Holland.
Gild"er (?), n. One who gilds; one whose occupation is to overlay with gold.
Gil"der (?), n. A Dutch coin. See Guilder.
Gild"ing (gld"ng), n. 1. The art or practice of overlaying or covering with gold leaf; also, a thin coating or wash of gold, or of that which resembles gold.
2. Gold in leaf, powder, or liquid, for application to any surface.
3. Any superficial coating or appearance, as opposed to what is solid and genuine.
Gilding metal, a tough kind of sheet brass from which cartridge shells are made.
Gile (?), n. [See Guile.] Guile. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gill (?), n. [Dan. giÊlle, gelle; akin to Sw. g‰l, Icel. gjˆlnar gills; cf. AS. geagl, geahl, jaw.] 1. (Anat.) An organ for aquatic respiration; a branchia.
Fishes perform respiration under water by the gills.
Ray.
Gills are usually lamellar or filamentous appendages, through which the blood circulates, and in which it is exposed to the action of the air contained in the water. In vertebrates they are appendages of the visceral arches on either side of the neck. In invertebrates they occupy various situations.
2. pl. (Bot.) The radiating, gill-shaped plates forming the under surface of a mushroom.
3. (Zoˆl.) The fleshy flap that hangs below the beak of a fowl; a wattle.
4. The flesh under or about the chin. Swift.
5. (Spinning) One of the combs of closely ranged steel pins which divide the ribbons of flax fiber or wool into fewer parallel filaments. [Prob. so called from F. aiguilles, needles. Ure.]
Gill arches, Gill bars. (Anat.) Same as Branchial arches. -- Gill clefts. (Anat.) Same as Branchial clefts. See under Branchial. -- Gill cover, Gill lid. See Operculum. -- Gill frame, or Gill head (Flax Manuf.), a spreader; a machine for subjecting flax to the action of gills. Knight. -- Gill net, a flat net so suspended in the water that its meshes allow the heads of fish to pass, but catch in the gills when they seek to extricate themselves. -- Gill opening, or Gill slit (Anat.), an opening behind and below the head of most fishes, and some amphibians, by which the water from the gills is discharged. In most fishes there is a single opening on each side, but in the sharks and rays there are five, or more, on each side. -- Gill rakes, or Gill rakers (Anat.), horny filaments, or progresses, on the inside of the branchial arches of fishes, which help to prevent solid substances from being carried into gill cavities.
Gill, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A two-wheeled frame for transporting timber. [Prov. Eng.]
Gill, n. A leech. [Also gell.] [Scot.] Jameison.
Gill, n. [Icel. gil.] A woody glen; a narrow valley containing a stream. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Gill (?), n. [OF. gille, gelle, a sort of measure for wine, LL. gillo, gello., Cf. Gallon.] A measure of capacity, containing one fourth of a pint.
Gill (?), n. [Abbrev. from Gillian.] 1. A young woman; a sweetheart; a flirting or wanton girl. "Each Jack with his Gill." B. Jonson.
2. (Bot.) The ground ivy (Nepeta Glechoma); -- called also gill over the ground, and other like names.
3. Malt liquor medicated with ground ivy.
Gill ale. (a) Ale flavored with ground ivy. (b) (Bot.) Alehoof.
Gill"-flirt` (?), n. A thoughtless, giddy girl; a flirt-gill. Sir W. Scott.
Gill"house`, n. A shop where gill is sold.
Thee shall each alehouse, thee each gillhouse mourn.
Pope.
Gil"li*an (?), n. [OE. Gillian, a woman's name, for Julian, Juliana. Cf. Gill a girl.] A girl; esp., a wanton; a gill. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
{ Gil"lie Gil"ly } (?), n. [Gael. gille, giolla, boy, lad.] A boy or young man; a manservant; a male attendant, in the Scottish Highlands. Sir W. Scott.
Gil"ly*flow`er (?), n. [OE. gilofre, gilofer, clove, OF. girofre, girofle, F. girofle: cf. F. giroflÈe gillyflower, fr. girofle, Gr. &?; clove tree; &?; nut + &?; leaf, akin to E. foliage. Cf. Caryophyllus, July- flower.] (Bot.) 1. A name given by old writers to the clove pink (Dianthus Caryophyllus) but now to the common stock (Matthiola incana), a cruciferous plant with showy and fragrant blossoms, usually purplish, but often pink or white.
2. A kind of apple, of a roundish conical shape, purplish red color, and having a large core.
[Written also gilliflower.]
Clove gillyflower, the clove pink. -- Marsh gillyflower, the ragged robin (Lychnis Flos-cuculi). -- Queen's, or Winter, gillyflower, damewort. -- Sea gillyflower, the thrift (Armeria vulgaris). -- Wall gillyflower, the wallflower (Cheiranthus Cheiri). -- Water gillyflower, the water violet.