Pictorial history of America's new possessions, the isthmian canals, and the problem of expansion ...

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Author's Preface

This Pictorial History of Our New Possessions is a growth of current history. We were rushed into the war with Spain hy the irrational obstinacy of the Spaniards, who were embarrassed by a Dynasty and a Tradition. The Dynasty was represented by an Austrian woman, tlie Queen Eegent, a good mother with a strong sense of personal dignity and public duty, and her baby boy, the son of the Spanish King who lost the girl wife of his youtli and married a Grand Duchess of Austria for reasons of state. This youth, the child king, with the good woman his mother, appealed to Spanish chivalry and the pride of the race, the widowed mother and infant king being in their weakness stronger as the representatives of royalty than any strong man could have been. Spain has been unhappy in her revolutionary elements, and the constant threat of the joretender Don Carlos, and his adherents who hold him to be the legitimate and only constitutional monarch of the peninsula. The Spanish dynasty in evidence has, therefore, been menaced on one side by a desperate body of murderous anarchists in the cities on the Mediterranean and the Atlantic, with just grievances enough to sustain a cause of rebellion, but whose remedies for wrongs have been the "greater wrong of the dissolution of the kingdom and the assassination of the organizers of order; and on the other side the agricultural districts of the Biscayan provinces and on the borders of the Pyrenees, the sturdy peasants whose ancient loyalty to the royal house commands them to he Carlists have been as a dark cloud. Thus there has been peril to the dynasty in the seaboard cities and the mountain gorges. The general sense of the heads of the Spanish Government, and tlie common instinct of the masses of the population, could not deal unencumbered with the devouring questions evolved for the Peninsula by the insurrections in Cuba; and the impending close of the Spanish career in that island coiild not be permitted to appear in the light and be reckoned with on its merits, for the Carlists and other disorderlies were ready to take advantage of every misfortune — the inflammation of any pique of the people or prejudice vehement as shifty to overthrow the dynasty. The Tradition, holding on with all the force of an inveterate superstition, of Spain, was the vanity of dominion, and the i)olitical inability of the country to understand that the logic of the story of the independence of Mexico, Central and

10 AUTHOR'S PREFACE.

Southern America, applied with irresistible force to the islands belonging to Spain in the East and the West Indies; and that the attraction of gravitation of the United States would soon determine the destiny of Porto Rico and Cuba at least. The stern old Spanish style had its latest embodiment in Cuba in Captain-General Weyler; and the plausible proclamations of benevolent policy of General Blanco were too late. In the midst of an extensive assortment of explosions came the blowing up of the Elaine, and war flamed forth suddenly, though the cause had existed, flagrant, for two generations; and the consequence could have been foreseen with glasses taking into account the elemental disturbances of the forward march of mankind, for many years, as certainly as tlie oscillating mercury visible in glass tubes, tells of the coming cyclone. Blanco's Cuban experiences, instead of being that of pacificator and conquerer was confined to the evacuation of boasted fortifications, and his only success w-ere his embarkation for Spain without being personally involved in the official ceremonies of inevitable surrender. "We, the people of the United States," won by force of arms and the magnetism of our national prestige, the Spanish possessions in the West Atlantic and the West Pacific Oceans, on the American and Asiatic borders, and the momentum of the transfer carried with it the complications of the obstinately lingering obstacles to the final official occupation and possession -of the Hawaiian Islands, pleasantly and properly termed in a popular way "The Paradise of the Pacific." The current of our conquests was overwhelming, and the nations of the earth,, the great powers of Europe especially included, gave the great Republic all the recognition possible liy monarchial form and imperial deference, to a position grand as that of England, Germany or Russia. We took our place among the highest and foremost. Xeither during the war in the waters and on the shores of the two Indies, one of which Columbus discovered while dreaming of the other, nor while peace making was going on in Paris Ijetween the American and Spanish commissioners, could Spain find help to aid her in the successive stages of her downfall. It was a war between one of the quick nations and one of the dead. Our vital forces controlled the essential situations, and the consummation was the cession of Porto Rico, the relinquishment of sovereignty over Cuba, and the consent that we had conquered and should dispose of the Philippines.

This Volume of Six Books In One gives the story ancient and recent of the ricli, beautiful and wholesome Island of Porto Rico, a possession amply worth all the war has cost us, leaving the rest clear gain. Wc find in this island, where the people were assured of the directness and permanence of the establishment of the sovereignty of the United States, contentment and peace, the good will of

AUTHOR'S PEEFACE. 11

the people in many ways manifested. It would have been a large advantage if our titles to Cuba and Luzon had been equally clear and perfected in the course of possession. Then we should not have been compelled to employ the varied process of preparing by predominating force, stable forms of Government for the mixed and difficult populations of our conquests. We have been at fault in a tenderness about the word "conquest," as if we had a square mile of laud that we obtained with the "consent of the natives," with, perhaps, the exception of the tract for which that subtle statesman, William Penn, signed a treaty with the Indians. Here the exception beautifully and formidably emphasizes the rule. We have to overcome the demonstrations of disaffection by the factions and the tribes, the soldiers of fortune and the adventurers in conspiracy, of Cuba and Luzon. In both were prepared elaborate pretenses of Government constructed for speculative purposes or experiments in local and native tyranny, by those who as insurgents were enabled to hide their public character in the swamps and thickets of tropical forests until liberated by our triumphant arms. The people, so far as the inhabitants are worthy to be called by the name that distinguishes our own pre-eminent and sovereign power, the true people of Ciiba and Luzon, are turning to us for protection from the petty despots who desire to succeed to the privileges and emoluments and persecuting cruelties that distinguished the domination of the discomforted Spaniards. It is our business, having driven off one swarm of bloodsuckers, to dispose of — using all necessary force to make the disposition final — those whose greedy and shameless ferocity appears in claiming on grounds not merely insufficient but outlandish, profligate and barbaric, the Spanish succession to be continued and executed with reckless selfishness. That the Americans may make way for the liberty of the inhabitants of our new possessions, they must do as was done in Manila when that city was stormed, the American forces driving the Spanish army into the walled city to be prisoners, with one hand, and wiping the Filipino horde, that were rabid for plunder and slaughter, into the jungles, with the other hand. AVe had a larger duty of this sort to accomplish, and, unfortunately, it has cost Ijlood. Every drop of the blood of our countrymen so shed seals an everlasting covenant of our dominion over the soil that it sanctifies. Hawaii and Porto Rico are absolutely and forever the property of the United States as much as Massachusetts, Florida, New Mexico, California, Oregon and Alaska. There are peculiarities about the Philippines that approve more and more as we get better acquainted with them the conservative wisdom of the President, when he declined to take upon himself the responsibility of their final fate, referring the whole matter to the people, and, of course, the Congress, of the United

13 AUTHOE'S PREFACE.

States, calling for testimony at the ends of the earth to inform the American commission in Paris, sending proclamations and orders, going to the extreme of concession to the Filipinos for the preservation of peace, even sending a civil commission to Manila to avert the conflict apprehended — the commissioners arriving to find a state of war forced by the petty imitative tyrants of the large island.

A book in this volume contains the attractive and enlightening matter of the Great Discussion that has taken place in both houses of Congress, on the platforms, and in tlie Press, of the engrossing and momentous question of Expansion — that is, the extension of the jwlicy of the farmer fathers of the greater republic of more land for the people, to the islands of the great oceans, and from the Arctic and north temperate zones far into the tropics, going far beyond American waters, to hold in our hands the treasure islands of Asia — tliat we confront across the Pacific — the choicest archipelago of the East Indies, richer in natural resources and less incumbered by racial miscegenation, than the West Indies.

The Philippine problem is one of the puzzles of civilization. We have selected that which fills the space devoted to the Discussion of Expansion, with conscientious impartiality, guided by the desire to give each side its strongest expression, and that the whole should be one of the most important and attractive chapters ever made up of the history of our country. The list of contributors includes' the President, and both the living ex-Presidents of the United States, some of the most distinguished and brilliant members of the Senate and House of Eepreseutatives, Andrew Carnegie, Carl Schurz, Henry Watterson and many others prominent and influential in public life. There has been no such illustration and exhibit as this volume comprises, in its books of the stories of the islands, over which half round the world our flag is flying in beauty and victory, resplendent under the southern constellations fluttering in the trade winds, the colors more radiant and the stars brighter than ever before.

The books of our new possessions are as comprehensive as the expanded vision that sweeps the whole of the American horizon.

If this grand Rcpi'blicanism is Imperialism, make the most of it, for the word si<Tnifies the expression and consolidation of national power — the potentiality of the American People. We have so broadened the field of American acliicvement and ambition, that we send our regiments and ships of war both east and west to our Xew Possessions. We have dispatched five thousand of the regular troops that our anarchists and sickly sentimentalists go a-weeping about, through the Isthmus of Suez by the canal and down the Red Sea, and the transports that took them return across the Pacific. Leaving one side of our continent they come back

AUTHOR'S PREFACE. 13

to the other. What a tremendous object lesson, and how full of encouragement for the great and greater hereafter of the nation — the proud imperial Republic of the people! We are as Caesar was once imagined — "bestriding this world like a Colossus," and the pigmies may play around our gigantic legs, if they please to behave themselves. We are interested alike in the Isthmus of Suez and the Isthmus of Darien, in the tawny deserts of one and the blue peaks of the other. We must in the interest of self-defense promote the completion of the essential •waterways of the world, the demand for which becomes obvious when one glances at a globe. It is needful to America that the earth may be circumnavigated in tropical waters. There is no longer a necessity for ships bound for Asia from Europe to go around the Cape of Good Hope. A map of the American Hemisphere shows where the one slim streak of earth is to be severed, so that we of the nation that fronts on the Atlantic and Pacific may send our navies of peace and war from one side of our continental land to the other without the circumnavigation of South America. Hence the immediate interest in our book on the Isthmian Canals. We do not care whether the Panama or the Nicaraguan Canal is first finished. We want one or both. Either would do.

The Hon. James R, Mann, representative in Congress of a Chicago district, has written a history of the Expansion of the United States, the most comprehensive, thoroughly particular as to records and specific in all that is of national interest to the people at large, that has appeared. He prefaces it with the^e words, when reverting to the history of the consecutive and triumphal extension of our boundaries:

"We have claimed the independence of our country for less than a century and a quarter. When Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence the extent of the territory claiming freedom under it was but little more than 400,000 square miles in area. Now our national sovereignty extends over nearly 4,000,000 square miles, '\\lience has come this increase? How have we acquired this territory? What is the history of this wonderful acquisition of national domain?

"The school children of our land are taught with careful exactness the history of the discovery by Columbus; of the voyages of the Cabots; of the landing of De Soto; of the charter granted by Queen Elizabeth to Sir Walter Raleigh; of the story of the Pilgrim Fathers and their landing at Plymouth Rock; of Jamestown and the early settlements in Virginia; of the discovery and exploration of the Hudson River; of the patent of Maryland granted by Charles I. to Lord Baltimore; of the founding of the city of Providence, in Rhode Island, by Roger Williams,

AUTHOK'S PREFACE.

and the settlement of Pennsylvania by the Quakers under the lead of William Penn, and their gentle amity with the Indians.

"Every school history is full of information concerning the settlement and growth of the colonies which became the thirteen original States. We are all familiar with the story of the war of the Revolution. We have all recited the speech of Patrick Henry. We talk glibly about the principles declared by the Declaration of Independence and the provisions of the National Constitution. But what about the history of the growth of our country from an area of 400,000 to 4,000,000 square miles? And yet there is no more fascinating story in the world's history.

"The little strip of territory along the Atlantic Ocean, with its sparse settlements, nowhere reaching the Gulf of Mexico, only touching the system of the Great Lakes, and barely crossing the Allegheny Mountains, has now expanded until it reaches from ocean to ocean, from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico; until it has added to its charmed domain the great coast line of the Xortherr Pacific Ocean and the Islands of Hawaii."

We commend this book of the glorious growth of our country, as one that should be in all the libraries and all the schools. It is the true and full story of the expansion of the nation and fitly crowns the ilajestic Edifice of American History.

Contents

AUTHOR'S PREFACE 7

Chapter I. The Conquest Of Porto Rico

The Island Is Ours Without the Annoyance of the Wolves and Wildcats of Philii^pine Politics — Porto Rico Determined Upon as a Second Objective Point in the War with Spain in the AVestern Hemisphere — Correspondence Between General Miles and the War Department Relative to the Porto Rican Campaign — Long to Sampson — The President Interposes, and Sampson and Miles Are Satisfied — Miles Leads the Campaign, and It Progresses Smoothly, with Little Loss. . . .33-41

Chapter II. Porto Rico, Our Antillean Possession

Size of Island in Comparison and in Figures — Comparison of the Island with Cuba — Porto Ricans a Better Class of People than Are the Cubans — Island Has Not Suffered from Spanish Rule as Much as Has Cuba — One of the Fairest Gems of the Ocean — American Flag Raised Over the Island Amid the Cheering of the People — Revenue and E.xpenses of the Island Government — Island Rich in Costly Native Woods — Home of the Tropical Fruits — Scarcity of Wild Animal Life, but Pestiferous Insects Are Plentiful — Rich in Minerals — E.xtensive Commerce with the Great Nations — Coffee, Sugar and Tobacco Leading Products and Exports — Healthiest Climate in the Antilles — In Density of Population Ranks First in the West Indies — Extracts from United States Military Notes — Soil and Climate — Wet and Dry Seasons — Breezes, Winds and Hurricanes — Principal Mountain, River and Flarbor — Cities and Towns — Highways and Railroads — Interesting Features of San

Juan, the Capital and Principal Citv 43-71

16 COXTE.XTS.

Chapter III. Early Descetpttons Of Porto Rico

Instructive Dopcription of tlie Island Si.xty-four Yeans Ago by Colonel Flinter of the British Army and Spanish Servici — More from the Same Writer Quoted by the London Review — Valuable Statistics from tlie Edinburgh Review — Rev. "Wm. Cloister Adds Interesting Infornuition — Xatural Resources, Commercial Advantages and Physical Conditions Clearly Described — Social and Moral Standing of the People Fully Considered — Testimony That Reveals the Value of Our Insular Gem 73-87

Chapter IV. Recext Descriptioxs Of The Islaxd

Interesting Letter from a Scientist and Business Man, Giving an Account of the Island's Flora^Valuable Infornuition About the Products and Exports, Gathered by C. W. Eves — Scientific American Quoted — Interesting Account of the Hurricanes, by Frederick D. Ober — Value of the Island's Imports — Estaljlishment of Electric Tramways — Possibilities for Coffee and Sugar Production — A Glowing Tribute to the Island, by James Rodway 88-105

Chapter 1. Cuba After The War

The Changes of Three Years in Cuba — Recollection of the Weyler Period — The Fiery Invasion of Western Cuba by Gomez — The Fall of Maceo and Decline of the Flood of Rebellion — American Intervention and Spanish Retirement — The Stars and Stripes Over Jlorro Castle and the Governor's Palace — -The Spaniards' Farewell to Havana — Wild Cuban Rejoicing — Spanish and Cuban Comlnnation Against American Rule — Gomez fleets a Special Commissioner and Listens to Reason — His Trium])hant Journey to Havana and Ovation in the City — He Does Xot Speak at the Banquet of Cuban Celebration — Spectacular Scenes in the Old Sjianish Capital — The Prestige of Gomez Challenged by the Hysterical Cuban Assembly — He is Removed from His Command of the Army for Opposing

CONTENTS. 17

the Creation of a Great Public Debt AVithout Value Eeceived for the People— The Splendid Letter with Which He Thanked the Assembly for Relieving Him of Responsibility — The People ' Are with Him — As a Pacificator He Is a Statesman — The Catastrophe to Spain of the Loss of Cuba — Her Golden Island in the Summer Seas — The Land of Promise for the Favorites of a Corrupt Government in the Details of Administration — The Harvest Field for the Degenerate of a Nation Fallen from the First Place — Did Not Occur AVithout Abundant Admonition, and Yet Seemed to the Spectators a Surprise in Suddenness 1 13-140

Chapter II. The Island Of Cuba

Official Information About the Island That Is of the Greatest Importance to Public Intelligence — Some Historical Facts — The Insurrections and Rebellions That Have Prevented the Development of the Island's Resources — The Military and Civil Governments — Climate, Soil and Productions — Sanitary Conditions and Prevailing Diseases — Abundance of Pestiferous Insects — Extensive Mineral Resources — Island Abounds in A'aluable AA'oods — Classification of the Inliabitants 1 il-lGS

Chapter III. The Cities Of The Queen Of The Antilles

Santiago de Cuba the Ancient City of the Island — Location and Commercial Importance — Its Strategic Position and Defenses as Set Forth in the United States Military Notes — Havana the Capital and Largest City in Cuba— Its Defenses, A\"ater Supply and Sanitary Condition — The Density of Population — Matanzas the Third City in Population 164-173

BOOK I1I.--HAWA11.

INTRODUCTION 177-180

CHAPTER L

HAWAII AS ANNEXED.

The Star-Spangled Banner L^'p Again in Hawaii, and to Stay — Dimensions of the Island — AAliat the Missionaries Have Done — Religious Belief by Nationality — Trade Statistics — Latest Census — Sugar Plantation Laborers — Coinage of Silver — Schools — Coffee Growing. .181-191

18 COXTEXTS.

CHAPTER II.

THE TERRITORY OF HAWAII.

Report of the Hawaiian Commission — Description of the Islands — Their Resources — Commerce — Character of Their People — Detail of the Territorial Government — Recommended and Most Valuable Olficial Reports of the Features of Civilization and Material Resource? of the Islands 192-243

CHAPTER III.

EARLY HISTORY OF THE SANDWICH ISLANDS.

Captain James Cook's Great Discoveries and His Martyrdom — Character and Traditions of the Hawaiian Islands — Charges Against the Famous Navigator, and Effort to Array the Christian World Against Him — The True Story of His Life and Death — How Charges Against Cook Came to Be Made — Testimony of Vancouver, King and Dixon, and Last Words of Cook's Journal — Light Turned on History That Has Become Obscure — Savagery of the Natives — Their Written Language Took Up Their High Colored Traditions and Preserved Phantoms — Scenes in Aboriginal Theatricals — Problem of Government in an Archipelago Where Race Questions Are Predominant — Now Americans Should Remember Captain Cook as an Illustrious Pioneer 243-268

BOOK 1V.--THE PHILIPPINES.

INTRODUCTION -iri-SU

Chapter I. Our Interest In The Philippine Archipelago

Character of Filipinos and Their Oppression by the Si)aniards — The Furtive Leader Aguinaldo — His Professions and Proceedings — Cash for Peace and a Bribe for Banishment — Early Indications of Impertinence — Deception of Our Consuls 275-283

CHAPTER IT.

TIIF. IMPORTANT STATEMENT 01" Till". BELGIAN CONSUL AT

MANILA.

The True Inwardness of the Philippine Situation by a Friend of Admiral Dewey, Mr. Andre, Belgian Consul at Manila — A Letter from

COXTEXTS. 19

Andrew Carnegie That Is One of His Mistakes — General Merritt's Ojoinions at Paris — Mr. Andre's Memorandum in Full — Leading People of Manila Wish to Become Citizens of the United States — How General Merritt Drew the Line on Aguinaldo and Foretold the Way Trouble Would Come 384-295

CHAPTFR IIL

THE MOST NOTABLE OF THE STATEMENTS BEFORE OUR

COMMISSIOX IX PARIS.

The Remarkable L'tterance of ilr. John Foreman, the Historian of the Philipijines — His Exposures of Spanish Tyranny and the Persecution of the Poor — He Credits Stories About the Immorality of Spanish Priests and Gives Them — The Grievances of the Philippine Peasant.* — Extent of Spanish Occupation — Resources of the Islands — Habits of the People — Their Weakness and Strength — Vast Amount of Information and Suggestion — General Whittier's Personal Observation — His Interview with Aguinaldo and Judgment as to the Philippine Riches and Possibilities 296-319

CHAPTER IV.

RESOURCES OF THE PHILIPPIXES.

Memorandum of the ]\Iineral Resources of the Islands by Dr. Becker of the United States Geological Survey, Gathered for the American Treaty Commission — Coal, Petroleum, Gold, Copper, Lead, Silver, Iron, Quicksilver, Sulphur, Marble, Kolin, Pearl Fisheries — Strategic Importance — Cebu and Xegros Islands — Xaval Stations — Harbors 320-3.56

BOOK V.--ISTHMIAN CANALS.

IXTRODUCTIOX 3.59-360

CHAPTFR I.

THE paxa:\ia CAXAL.

The Two Mediterraneans — The Era of Enterprise in the World's Waterways — The Xew Panama Company — Immense Work Done — Steady Prosecution of the Task — More than Three Thousand Men Employed in Excavating — The Curiously Interesting Story of the Canal — The Misfortune of the De Lesseps Failure Xot Final — Facts and Figures That Should Restore the Faded Interest of the American People 361-413

2C CONTENTS.

Chapter II. The Suez Caxal

TliL' ilonument of Disraeli and De Lesseps That, Though of Shifting ^'aturc in Shifting Sand, Is More Imjierisliahle tlian Marble or Brass or Any Towering Structure Reared liy Human Hands — Whsxt the Great Engineer, De Lesseps, Who, Though He Subsequently Made a Failure, Did Enough for Immortality, Had to Say — The Suez Canal the Grandest Work of I'ublie Improvement in the Most Progressive Century — The Dramatic History Without a Parallel as a Scheme of Daring Scientific Fancy or Realization of Golden Dividends 414-432

Chapter III. The Nicaragua Canal

Senator Morgan's Strong Plea for an American Canal — The Claim that the Nicaragua Route, Though Longer than the Panama, Is More Practicable — Estimates of Enormous Special Advantages to America, Both Military and Commercial — Some Interesting Statements of the Costs and Profits of the Suez Canal and Their Bearing Upon the Nicaragua Canal — The Shares That the British Bought in the Suez Canal for £4,000,000 Are Worth £20,000,000— The Opposition to the Nicaragua Line in Congress Is Rather Against the Maritime Coinpany than Opposed to the Enterprise Itself — The Views of Senators Pettigrew, Cafl'ery and Teller 433-439

BOOK V1.--PR0BLEA\ OF EXPANSION.

IXTRODUCTIOX 443-447

CHAPTER I. PRESIDENT MTvINLEY FOR EXPANSION

The Weighty Unexpected Problems Before the Country — Not Our Fault that They Im])ose High Obligation^He Opposed War — No Nation Insisting Upon War Can Foretell the Story of It — The President Cannot Fix the Boundaries of Events — We Could Not Give Up Our Conquests to Spain— The Philippines Had to Go to Spain or Be Held by Us — We Did Not Need the Consent of the Filipinos to a Work of Humanity — The Future of the Philippines Is in the Hands of the American People — No Imperial Designs Lurk in the

CONTENTS. 21

American !Miiid — The Free Can Conquer But to Save— The Blood}' Trenches Bring Anguish to His Heart — The Filipinos Will Be Grateful for American Civilization 449-455

Chapter II. Andeew Caenegie Opposed To Expansion

Mr. Carnegie Assails the President and the Secretary of the Treasury for Changing Their Opinions as to Expansion — Doubts the President's Convictions, and Says Gage Is Not a Manufacturer — Carnegie Desires Commercial E.xpansion — He Wants the President to Listen to the London Times — The Open Door Will Antagonize American Labor — Predicts Death Blow to "Imperialism'" — Says No Citizen Can Be Deprived of the Eight to Send His Products to Any Territory Lnder Our Flag Free of All Tariffs Within the Eepublic's Domain — Trade of Philippines Cannot Be American — Spain Gets $20,000,000 for a Great Eelief— Tribute to the Personal Virtues of the President — A Reply to Mr. Murat Halstead's Address at Homestead 454-467

CHAPTEE III.

SENATOE CrSHMAN K. DAVIS FOE EXPANSION.

The Distinguished Chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations and Member of the Peace Commission Declares His Position — The American People Have Made an Immeasurable Advance Within a Year — The President's Good Work — The Story of the Making of the Treaty of Peace — No Warning that Americans Claimed Too Much — Filipinos Not Ready for Sovereignty Over Civilized People — Historical Antecedents oi Expansion — The Question What We Shall Do with the Philippine Archipelago Not Yet L'pon Us — It Will Be Fair and Honorable 468-474

Chapter IV

COLONEL W. J. BRYAN.

Astonished that Any American Citizen Would Uphold the Doctrine of Gaining Land by Conquest — He Could Have Told McKinley to Take Care Not to Confide in Public Opinion Formed at the Rear of a Car — Imperialism Wanted to Exercise Sovereignty Over an Alien Race — Self-Government Was Gained in the School of Government — No Excuse for a Colonial Policy — Mr. Gage the Keyhole of the Administration — The Colonial Policy Rested on Vicarious Enjoyment — A Call for the Ancient Law-Giver on

22 CONTEXTS.

Sinai — Against a Larger Army — Imperialists Confuse Their Beatitudes — Not Profitable to Buy a Lawsuit — Muffle the Liberty Bell —Give Me Liberty or Give :\Ie Death 475-480

Chapter V. Heney Wattehsox Fop Expaxsion

The Drift of the Country — The United American People — Always the Same, Though Divided — The Labels on the Bottles — An Anti- Expansion Party Would Be a Foredoomed Failure — William McKinley and Joseph Wheeler — Tropical Vegetation in the White House — Eighty Millions of People Cannot Be Passive — How Stands the Debate Between the Friends and Foes of Expansion? 481-486

CHAPTEE VI.

I CAEL SCHUEZ OPPOSED TO EXPANSION.

Is It Our Policy that the Filipinos Shall Be Subjects or Citizens? — The Specifications of the New Departure We Are Taking — We Are Cultivating a Passion for Conquest — The Friendship of England Is Good to Have. Not to Need — The New Policy Demands a Great Standing Army — If We Have Eescued the Unhappy Daughters of Spain from" Tyranny We Need Not Marry the Girls. . .487-490

CHAPTEE VII.

MUEAT HALSTEAD FOE EXPANSION.

Expansion Is the Doctrine of the Fathers — There Was Not a Tenth of the Territory We Now Possess in the Thirteen Colonies When Jefferson Wrote the Declaration of Independence — Andrew Jackson Was an Expansionist — So Was William II. Seward — Admiral Dewey Is the Author of Our Philippine Policy — Andrew Carnegie and British India — Should England Give I'p Gibraltar, Egypt and India? — If So, AYliy Not Ireland, Scotland and Wales? — Aguinaldo"s Exile witli a Certified Check — Senator Hoar's Forgetfnlness of tlie Essential Facts in llie Philippine Situation — The American Army Have Fought in Self-Defense, and in the Vindication of the Faith and Honor Pledged in the Final Article of the Capitulation of the Spaniards in :\lMiiila 491-497

CHAPTEE VIII.

ME. DOLLTVKE OF IOWA FOE EXPANSION.

Boom for All Sorts of Speeclies, but Only One Course of Action — The President Did Not Take Initial Eesponsibility of Disturbing the

CONTENTS. 23

Peace — Dr. Parkhurst's Boomerang Criticism — Cheap Newspapers Full of Malice — Americans on Blanco's Platform — Our Experience with Acquired Territory — Andrew Jackson's Territorial Policy — Two Mourners in a Palace Over the Collapse of the Kepublic — Bryan's Pitched Battle with American History — Not Canned Freedom, but Liberty on the Half Shell — A Tribute to General ■^lieeler — In "The Fear of God and Nothing Else," as Bismarck Said, Take Up Duty 498-505