The story of the Philippines : natural riches, industrial resources, statistics of productions ...

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THE

Author's Preface

The purpose of the writer of the pages herewith presented has been to offer, in popular form, the truth touching the Philippine Islands. I made the journey from New York to Manila, to have the benefit of personal observations in preparing a history for the people. Detention at Honolulu shortened my stay in Manila, but there was much in studies at the former place that was a help at the latter. The original programme was for me to accompany General Merritt, Commander-in-Chief of the Philippine Expedition, but illness prevented its full realization, and when I arrived in Manila Bay the city had already been ^^occupied and possessed" by the American army; and the declaration of peace between the United States and Spain was made, the terms fully agreed upon with the exception of the settlement of the affairs of the Philippines. While thus prevented from witnessing stirring military movements other than those attending the transfer of our troops across the Pacific Ocean, an event in itself of the profoundest significance, the reference of the determination of the fate of the Philippine Islands to the Paris Conference, and thereby to the public opinion of our country, in extraordinary measure increased the general sensibility as to the situation of the southern Oriental seas affecting ourselves, and enhanced the value of the testimony taken on the spot of observers of experience, with the training of journalism in distinguishing the relative pertinence and potency of facts noted. Work for more than forty years, in the discussion from day to day of current history, has qualified me for the efficient exercise of my faculties in the labor undertaken. It has been my undertaking to state that which appeared to me, so that the reader may find pictures of the scenes that tell the Story that concerns the country, that the public may with enlightenment solve the naval, military, political, commercial and religious problems we are called upon by the peremptory pressure of the conditions local, and international, to solve immediately. This we have to do, facing the highest obligations of citizenship in the great American Eepublic, and conscious of the incomparably influential character of the principles that shall prevail through the far-reaching sweep of the policies that

14 AUTHOR'S PREFACE.

will be evolved. I have had such advantages in the assurance of the authenticity of the information set forth in the chapters following, that I may be permitted to name those it was my good fortune to consult with instructive results; and in making the acknowledgments due. I may be privileged to support the claim of diligence and success in the investigations made, and that I am warranted in the issue of this Story of the Philippines by the assiduous improvement of an uncommon opportunity to fit myself to serve the country.

Indebtedness for kind consideration in this work is gratefully acknowledged to Major-General Merritt, commanding the Phihppine Expedition; Major-General Otis, who succeeds to the duties of military and civil administration in the conquered capital of the. islands; Admiral George Dewey, who improved, with statesmanship, his unparalleled victory in the first week of the war with Spain, and raised the immense questions before us; General F. V. Greene, the historian of the Russo- Turkish war, called by the President to Washington, and for whose contributions to the public intelligence he receives the hearty approval and confidence of the people; Major Bell, the vigilant and efficient head of the Bureau of Information at the headquarters of the American occupation in the Philippines; General Aguinaldo, the leader of the insurgents of his race in Luzon, and His Grace the Archbishop of Manila, who gave me a message for the United States, expressing his appreciation of the excellence of the behavior of the American army in the enforcement of order, giving peace of mind to the residents in the distracted city of (all persuasions and conditions, and of the service that was done civilization in the prevention, by our arms, of threatened barbarities that had caused sore apprehension; and, I may add, the Commissioner of the Organized People of the Philippines, dispatched to Washington accompanying General Greene; and of the citizens of Manila of high character, and conductors of business enterprises with plants in the community whose destiny is in the hands of strangers.

These gentlemen I may not name, for there are uncertainties that demand of them and command me to respect the prudence of their inconspicuity. This volume seems to me to be justified, and I have no further claim to offer that it is meritorious than that it is faithful to facts and true to the country in advocacy of the continued expansion of the Republic, whose field is the world. Steamship China, Pacific Ocean, September 20, 1898.

THE ORIGIN OF THIS STORY OF THE PHILIPPINES.

The letter following is the full expression by the author of this volume of his purposes and principles in making the journey to the East Indies.

GOING TO THE PHILIPPINES.

Washington City, D. C, July 18.

With the authorization of the Military Authorities, I shall go to the Philippine Islands with General Merritt, the Military Governor, and propose to make the American people better acquainted with that remarkable and most important and interesting country. The presence of an American army in the Philippines is an event that will change broad and mighty currents in the world's history. It has far more significance than anything transpiring in the process of the conquest of the West India possessions of Spain, for the only question there, ever since the Continental colonies of the Spanish crown won their independence, has been the extent of the sacrifices the Spaniards, in their haughty and vindictive pride, vrould make in fighting for a lost Empire and an impossible cause with an irresistible adversary. That the time was approaching when, with the irretrievable steps of the growth of a living Nation of free people, we would reach the point where it should be our duty to accept the responsibility of the dominant American power, and accomplish manifest Destiny by adding Cuba and Porto Eico to our dominion, has for half a century been the familiar understanding of American citizens. Spain, by her abhorrent system, personified in We3der, and illustrated in the murderous blowing up of the Maine with a mine, has forced this duty upon us; and though we made war unprepared, the good work is going on, and the finish of the fight will be the relegation of Spain, whose colonial governments have been, without exception, disgraceful and disastrous to herself, and curses to the colonists, to her own peninsula. This will be for her own good, as well as the redemption of mankind from her unwholesome foreign influ- ' ences, typified as they are in the beautiful city of Havana, which has become the

16 THE OEIGIX OF THIS STOEY.

center of political plagues and pestilential fevers, ^'liose contagion lias at frequent intervals reached our own shores.

In the Philippine Islands the situation is for us absolutely novel. It cannot be said to be out of the scope of reasonable American expansion and is in the right line of enlarging the area of enlightenment and stimulating the progress of civilization. The unexpected has happened, but it is not illogical. It must have been written long ago on the scroll of the boundless blue and the stars. The incident of war was the "rush" order of the President of the United States to Admiral Dewey to destroy the Spanish fleet at Manila, for the protection of our commerce. The deed was done with a flash of lightning, and lo! we hold the goldei? key of a splendid Asiatic archipelago of a thousand beautiful and richly endowed islands in our grip. This is the most brilliant and startling achievement in the annals of navies. Xever before had the sweep of sea power, ordered through the wires that make the world's continents, oceans and islands one huge whispering gallery, such striking exemplitication. There was sflorv and fame in it. and immeasurable material for the makins: of history. "We may paraphrase Dr. Johnson's celebrated advertisement of the widow's brewery by saying: Admiral Dewey's victory was not merely the capture of a harbor commanding a great citj', one of the superb places of the earth, and the security of a base of operations to wait for reinforcements commensurate with the resources of the United States of America — the victorious hero fixed his iron hand upon a wonderful opportunity it was the privilege of our Government to secure at large, according to the rights of a victorious IN'ation for the people thereof — a chance for the youth of America, like that of the youth of Great Britain, to realize upon the magnificence of India; and this is as Dr. Johnson said of the vats and barrels of the Thralc estate — "the potentiality of wealth beyond the dreams of avarice." It is a new departure, but not a matter for the panic or apprehension of conservatism, that the Stars and Stripes fioat as the symbol of sovereignty over a groiip of islands in the waters of Asia, that are equal to all the West Indies. If we are strangers there now we shall not be so long. We have a front on the Pacific Ocean, of three great States — Washington, equal to England; Oregon, whose grandeur rolls in the sound of her famous name, and incomparable California, whose title will be the synonym of golden good times forever. The Philippines are southwest from our western front doors. They have been the islands of our sunsets in the winter. Now they look to us for the rosy dawn out of which will come the clear brightness of the white light of mornings and the fullness of the ripening noons, all the year around. With our bulk of the North American continent bulging into both the great oceans, it was foreordained since the beginning when God created the earth, that we, the possessors

THE OEIGIX OF THIS STOEY. 17

of this imperial American zone, should be a great Asiatic Power. We have it now in evidence, written in islands among the most gorgeous of those that shine in the Southern seas — islands that are east from the Atlantic and west from the Pacific shores of the One Great Eepublic — that we may personify hereafter, sitting at the head of the table when the empires of the earth consult themselves as to the courses of empire. Our Course of Empire is both east and west.

The contact of American and Asiatic civilization in the Philippines, with the American army there, superseding the Spaniards, will be memorable as one of the matters of chief moment in the closing days of the nineteenth century, and remembered to date from for a thousand years. It is my ^Durpose to write of this current history while it is a fresh, sparkling stream, and attempt something more than the recitation of the news of the day, as it is condensed and restrained in telegrams; to give it according to the extent of my ability and the advantages of my opportunity, the local coloring, the characteii^itic scenery; the pen pictures of the people and their pursuits; sketches of the men who are doers of deeds that make history; studies of the wa3'S and means of the islanders; essays to indicate the features of the picturesque of the strange mixture of races; the revolutionary evolutions of j^olitics; the forces that pertain to the mingling of the religions of the Occident and the Orient, in a chemistry untried through the recorded ages'. It is a tremendous canvas upon which I am to labor, and I know full well how inadequate the production must be, and beg that this index m^ay not be remembered against me. It is meant in all modesty, and I promise only that there will be put into the task the expertness of experience and the endeavor of industry.

Contents

AUTHOE'S PREFACE 13-14

THE ORIGIN OF THIS STORY OF THE PHILIPPINES 15-17

Chapter I. Admiral Dewey On His Flagship

A Stormy Day on Manila Bay — Call on Admiral Dewey — The Man in White — He Sticks to His Ship — How He Surprised the Spaniards — Every Man Did His Duty on May-Day — How Dewey Looks and Talks — What He Said About War With Germany in Five Minutes — Feeds His Men on "Delicious" Fresh Meat from Australia — Photography Unjust to Him 29-37

CHAPTER 11.

LIFE IN MANILA.

Character of the Filipinos — Drivers Lashing Laboring Men in the Streets — What Americans Get in Their Native xlir — The Logic of Destiny — Manila as She Fell Into Our Hands — The Beds in the Tropics — A Spanish Hotel — Profane Yells for Ice — Sad Scenes in the Dining Room — Major-General Calls for "Francisco" — A Broken- Hearted Pantry Woman 38-44

Chapter III. From Long Island To Luzon

Across the Continent — An American Governor-General Steams Through the Golden Gate — He is a Minute-Man — Honolulu as a Health Resort — The Lonesome Pacific — The Skies of Asia — Dreaming Under the Stars of the Scorpion — The Southern Cross ,. . . .45-51

Chapter IV. Interview With General Aguinaldo

The Insurgent Leader's Surroundings and Personal Appearance — His Reserves and Ways of Talking — The Fierce Animosity of the Filipinos Toward Spanish Priests — A Probability of Many Martyrs in the Isle of Luzon 52-60

20 CONTENTS.

CHAPTEE V.

THE PHILIPPINE MISSION.

Correspondence with Aguinaldo About It — Notes by Senor Felipe Agoncillo — Eelations Bet^yeen Admiral Dewe}' and Senor Aguinaldo — Terms of Peace Made by Spanish Governor-General with Insurgents, December,. 1897 — Law Suit Between Aguinaldo and Arlacho — Aguinaldo's Proclamation of May 24, 1898 61-68

CHAPTEE YI.

THE PEOCLAMATIONS OE GENEEAL AGUINALDO.

June 16th, 1898, Establishing Dictatorial Government— June 20th, 1898, Instructions for Elections — June 23d, 1898, Establishing Eevolutionary Government — June 23d, 1898, Message to Foreign Powers — June 27th, 1898, Instructions Concerning Details — July 23d, 1898, Letter from Senor Aguinaldo to General Anderson — August 1st, 1898, Eesolution of Eevolutionary Chiefs Asking Eecognition — = August 6th, 1898, Message to Foreign Powers Asking Eecognition. . . .69-85

CHAPTEE VII.

INTEEVIEW WITH AECHBISHOP OF MANILA.

Insurgents' Deadly Hostility to Spanish Priests — The Position of, the Archbishop as He Defined It — His Expression of Gratitude to the American Army — His Characterization of the Insurgents — A Work of Philippine Art — The Sincerity of the Archbishop's Good Words. . . .86-90

CHAPTEE VIII.

WHY WE HOLD THE PHILIPPINES.

The Eesponsibility of Admiral Dewey — We Owe It to Ourselves to Hold the Philippines — Prosperity Assured by Oui; Permanent Possession —The Aguinaldo Question— Character Study of the Insurgent Leader — How Affairs Would Adjust Themselves for Us — Congress Must Be Trusted to Eepresent the People and Firmly Establish International Pohcy 91-98

CHAPTEE IX.

THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AS THEY AEE.

Area and Population— Climate— Mineral Wealth— Agriculture— Commerce and Transportation— Eevenue and Expenses— Spanish Troops— Spanish Navy— Spanish Civil Administration — Insurgent Troops — Insurgent Civil Administration— United States Troops— United States Navy— United States Civil Administration— The Future of the Islands - - - .99-136

CONTEXTS. 21

CHAPTEE X.

OFFICIAL HISTOEY OF THE CONQUEST OF MANILA.

The Pith of the Official Eeports of the Capture of Manila, by Major-General Wesley Merritt, Commanding the Philippine Expedition; General Frank V. Greene, General Arthur Mc Arthur, and G'eneral Thomas Anderson, with the Articles of Capitulation, Showing How 8,000 Americans Carried an Intrenched City with a Garrison of 13,000 Spaniards, and Kept Out 1-1,000 Insurgents — The Difficulties of American Generals with Philippine Troops 137-159

CHAPTEE XL

THE ADMINISTEATION OF GENEEAL MEEEITT.

The Official Gazette Issued at Manila-^Orders and Proclamation of Major- General Wesley Merritt, Who, as Commander of the Philippine Expedition, Became, Under the Circumstances of the Capture of Manila, the Governor of That City 160-172

CHAPTEE XII.

THE AMEEICAN AEMY IN MANILA.

Why the Boys Had a Spell of Homesickness — Disadvantages of the Tropics — Admiral Dewey and His Happy Men — How Our Soldiers Passed the Time on the Ships — General Merritt's Headquarters — AVhat Is Public Property — The Manila Water Supply — England Our Friend — Major-General Otis, General Meritt's Successor 173-183

CFIAPTEE XIII.

THE WHITE UNIFOEMS OF CUE HEEOES IN THE TEOPICS.

The Mother Hubbard Street Fashion in HojioIuIu, and That of Eiding Astride — Spoiling Summer Clothes in Manila Mud — The White Eaiment of High Officers — Drawing the Tine on Nightshirts — Ashamed of Big Toes — Dewey and Merritt uS Figures of Show — The Boys in White 184-187

CHAPTEE XIV.

A MAETYE TO THE LIBEETY OF SPEECH.

Dr. Jose Eizal, the Most Distinguished Literary Man of the Philippines, Writer of History, Poetry, Political Pamphlets, and Novels, Shot on the Luneta of Manila — A Likeness of the Martyr — The Scene of His Execution, from a Photograph — His Wife Married the Day Before His Death — Poem Giving His Farewell Thoughts, Written in His Last Hours— The Works That Cost Him His Life— The Vision of Friar Eodriguez 188-201

22 CONTEXTS.

CHAPTER XV.

EVENTS OF THE SPANISH-AMEEICAN WAR.

No Mystery About the Cause of the War— The Expected and the Inevitable Has Happened — The Tragedy of the Maine— Vigilant Wisdom of President McKinley — Dewey's Prompt Triumph— The Battles at Manila and Santiago Compared — General Shatter Tells of the Battle of Santiago — Report of AYainwright Board on Movements of Sampson's Fleet in the Destruction of Cervera's Squadron— Stars and Stripes Raised Over Porto Rico — American and Spanish Fleets at Manila Compared — Text of Peace Protocol 202-240

CHAPTER XVI.

THE PEACE JUBILEE.

The Lessons vof War in the Joy Over Peace in the Celebrations at Chicago and Philadelphia — Orations by Archbishop Ireland and Judge Emory Speer— The President's Few Words of Thrilling Significance — The Parade of the Loyal League, and the Clover Club Banquet at Philadelphia — Address by the President — The Hero Hobson Makes a Speech — Fighting Bob Evans' Startling Battle Picture — The Destruction of Cervera's Fleet — The Proclamation of Thanksgiving 241-259

CHAPTER XVIL

EARLY HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINES.

The Abolishment of the 31st of December, 1844, in Manila— The Mystery of the Meridian 180 Degrees West — What Is East and West? — 'Gaining and Losing Days — The Tribes of Native Filipinos — They Had an Alphabet and Songs of Their Own — The Massacre of Magellan — -His Fate Like That of Captaiu Cook — Stories of Long-Ago Wars — An Account by a Devoted Spanish Writer of the Beneficent Rule of Spain in the Philippines — Aguinaldo a Man Not of a Nation, But of a Tribe — Typhoons and Earthquakes — The Degeneracy of the Government of the Philippines After It Was Taken from Mexico — "New Spain" — The Perquisites of Captain-Generals — The Splendor of Manila a Century Ago 260-275

CHAPTER XVIII.

THE SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES.

Important Facts About the Lesser Islands of the Philippine Archipelago — Location, Size and Population — Capitals and Principal Cities — Rivers and Harbors — Surface and Soil — People and Products — Leading Industries — Their Commerce and Business Affairs — The Monsoons and Typhoons — The Terrors of the Tempests and How to Avoid Them 276-293

CONTENTS. 2;

CHAPTER XIX.

SPECIFICATIONS OF GRIEVANCES OF THE FILIPINOS.

An Official Copy of the Manifesto of the Junta Showing the Bad Faith of Spain in the Making and Evasion of a Treaty — The Declaration of the Renewal of the War of Rebellion — Complaints Against the Priests Defined — The Most Important Document the Filipinos Have Issued — Official Reports of Cases of Persecution of Men and Women in Manila by the Spanish Authorities — Memoranda of the Proceedings in Several Cases in the Court of Inquiry of the United States Officers 294-307

CHAPTER XX.

HAWAII AS ANNEXED.

The Star Spangled Banner Up Again in Hawaii, and to Stay — Dimensions of the Islands — What the Missionaries Have Done — Religious Belief by Nationality — Trade Statistics — Latest Census — Sugar Plantation Laborers — Coinage of Silver — Schools — Coffee Growing 308-318

CHAPTER XXL

EARLY HISTORY OF THE SANDWICH ISLANDS.

Captain James Cook's Great Discoveries and His Martyrdom — Character and Traditions of the Hawaiian Islands — Charges Against the Famous Navigator and Effort to Array the Christian World Against Him — The True Story of His Life and Death — How Charges Against Cook Came to Be Made — Testimony of Vancouver, King and Dixon, and Last Words of Cook's Journal — Light Turned on History That Has Become Obscure — Savagery of the Natives — Their Written Language Took Up Their High Colored Traditions and Preserved Phantoms — Scenes in Aboriginal Theatricals — Problem of Government in an Archipelago Where Race Questions Are Predominant^Now Americans Should Remember Captain Cook as an Illustrious Pioneer 319-344:

CHAPTER XXII.

THE START FOR THE LAND OF CORN STALKS.

Spain Clings to the Ghost of Her Colonies— The Scene of War Interest Shifts from Manila — The Typhoon Season — General Merritt on the Way to Paris — German Target Practice by Permission of Dewey — Poultney Bigalow with Canoe, Typewriter and Kodak — Hongkong as a Bigger and Brighter Gibraltar 345-349

I

24 CONTENTS;

CHAPTEE XXIII.

KODAK SNAPPED AT JAPAN.

Glimpses of China and Japan on the Way Home from the Phihppines— Hongkong a Greater Gibraltar — Coaling the China — Gangs of Women Coaling the China — How the Japanese Make Gardens of the Mountains — Transition from the Tropics to the Northern Seas — A Breeze from Siberia — A Thousand Miles Nothing on the Pacific —Talk of Swimming Ashore 350-359

CHAPTEE XXIV.

OHE PICTUEE GALLEEY.

Annotations and Illustrations — Portraits of Heroes of the War in the Army and Navy, and of the Highest Public Eesponsibilities — Admirals and Generals, the President and Cabinet — Photographs of Scenes and Incidents — The Characteristics of the Fihpinos — Their Homes, Dresses and Peculiarities in Sun Pictures — The Picturesque People of Our New Possessions , 360-365

CHAPTEE XXV.

CUBA AND POETO EICO.

Conditions In and Around Havana — Fortifications and Water Supply of the Capital City — Other Sections of the Pearl of the Antilles — Porto Eico, Our New Possession, Des^crlbed — Size and Population — Natural Eesources and Products — Climatic Conditions — Towns and Cities — Eailroad and Other Improvements — Future Possibilities. .366-39S

CHAPTEE XXVI.

THE LADEONES.

The Island of Guam a Coaling Station of the United States— Discovery,

Size and Products of the Islands 399-400

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Frontispiece .Major-General Merritt, Governor-General of the Philippines.

1. The Principal Gate to the Walled City.

2. The Cathedral at Manila.

3. Public Buildings in Manila.

4. The Monument of Magellinos in the Walled City.

5. Southern Islanders — Showing Cocoanut Palms and the Monkey Tree,

6. A Eailroad Station isTorth of Manila — Spaniards Airing Themselves.

7. United States Peace Commissioners.

8. Senator Frye.

9. Senator Gray.

10. Ex-Secretary of State Day.

11. Senator Davis.

12. Whitelaw Reid.

13. The Luneta — Favorite Outing Grounds of Manila^ and a Place for Executing

• Insurgents.

14. A Group of the Unconquerable Moharaedans.

15. Savage Native Hunters.

16. Girl's Costume to Show One Shoulder.

17. Parade of Spanish Troops on One of Their Three Annual Expeditions to the

Southern Islands.

18. An Insurgent Outlook Near Manila.

19. Philippine Author-Martyr, His Wife and His Execution.

20. Dr. Eizal.

21. Dr. RizaFs Execution.

22. Dr. Rizal's Wife.

23. Dining Eoom in General Merritt's Palace at Manila.

24. A Native House.

25. Riding Buffaloes Through Groves of Date Palms.

26. A Native in Regimentals.

27. A Country Pair.

28. Peasant Costumes.

29. Woodman in Working Garb.

30. Oriental Hotel, Manila.

31. San Juan del Monte, Where Revolution Started.

32. Brigadier-General E. S. Otis.

33. Brigadier-General Thomas M. Anderson.

34. General Greene's Headquarters at Manila.

35. Manila and Its Outskirts, Showing Malate.

36. Principal Gate to the City.

37. Attack on Manila, Showing Position of Our Ships and Troops.

38. Fortifications of Manila.

26 ILLUSTEATIONS.

39. Interior of the Fortifications of Manila.

40. Fort Santiago at Manila, Where the American Flag Was Eaised.

41. Official Map of the Hawaiian Islands.

42. Ex-Consul General Fitzhugh Lee, Now Major-General Commanding.

43. Official Map by the War Department of the Seat of War in the Philippines,

44. The Destruction of Cervera's Spanish Squadron at Santiago.

45. Display in Manila Photograph Gallery, Insurgent Leaders.

46. A Bit of Scenery in Mindanao, Showing Tropical Vegetation.

47. Admiral Dewey's Fleet That Won the Battle of Manila Bay.

48. The Flagship Olympia.

49. The Baltimore.

50. The Concord.

51. The Raleigh.

52. The Boston.

53. The Petrel. '

54. An Execution Entertainment on the Luneta.

55. Victims Reported Dead After the Execution.

56. Fort Weyler, Built by General Weyler When Governor of the Philippines.

57. A Public Square in Manila.

58. Scene after an Execution, Showing Prostrate Figures of the Dead.

59. A Review of Spanish Filipino Volunteers.

60. Spanish Troops Repelling an Insurgent Attack on a Convent.

61. A Spanish Festival in Manila.

62. Flowers of the Philippines.

63. The Battle of Manila Bay— In the Heat of the Raging Fight.

64. Group of Filipinos Who Want Independence.

65. Loading Buffaloes with Produce in Luzon. 6G. Natives Fishing from a Canal Boat.

67. Scene Before an Execution.

68. Great Bridge at Manila.

69. Business Corner in Manila.

70. A Suburb of Manila, Showing a Buffalo Market Cart.

71. Aguinaldo and His Compatriots.

72. Senor Aguinaldo.

73. Senor Montsusgro.

74. Senor Natividah.

75. Senor Ninisgra.

76. Senor Rins.

77. Senor Belavinino.

78. Senor Covinbing.

79. Senor Mascordo.

80. Senor Arbacho.

81. Senor Pilar.

ILLUSTRATIONS. 27

82. Senor Viola.

83. Senor Francisco.

84. Senor Llansoo.

85. Filipina Preparing for a Siesta.

86. Cathedral of Manila After Earthquake.

87. Spanish Reinforcements Crossing Bridge Over Pasig River.

88. A Beheaded Spaniard — Sign of the Order of Katipunan.

89. Archbishop of Manila. His Protograph and Autograph Presented to Mr.

Halsted, the Author.

90. The Sultan of Jolo in Mindanao.

91. Photograph and Autograph of Aguinaldo, as Presented by Him to Mr. Halsted,

the Author.

92. A Spanish Dude — An Officer at Manila.

93. Government Building in Pampanga.

94. Church at Cavite.

95. Masacue — Town in Cavite.

96. Natives Taking Refreshments.

97. Spanish Soldiers Crossing Bridge Over Pasig River.

98. Official Map of the Isle of Luzon, Prepared by War Department

99. The President and His Cabinet.

100. President McKinley.

101. Secretary of State Hay.

102. Secretary of the Treasury Gage.

103. Secretary of War Alger.

104. Secretary of the Navy Long.

105. Attorney General Griggs.

106. Postmaster General Smith.

107. Secretary of the Interior Bliss.

108. Secretary of Agriculture Wilson.

109. Naval Heroes of Santiago.

110. Admiral Sampson.

111. Admiral Schley.

112. Captain Chadwick, of the New York.

113. Captain Cooke, of the Brooklyn.

114. Captain Clarke, of the Oregon.

115. Captain Evans, of the Iowa.

116. Captain Higginson, of the Massachusetts.

117. Captain Philip, of the Texas.

118. Commander Wainwright, of the Gloucester.

120. Military Heroes of Santiago and Porto Rico»

121. Major-General Miles.

122. Major-General Shaffer.

28 ILLUSTEATIONS.

123. Major-General Wheeler.

124:. Major-General Brooke.

1.25. Brigadier-General Wood.

126. Colonel Eoosevelt.

127. Brigadier-General E. V. Greene.

128. Admiral Dewey, the Hero of Manila.

129. Captain Sigsbee, Commander of the Ill-fated Maine.

130. Shipping in Manila Harbor.

THE PRESIDENT AND HIS CABINET. (Photo of Long Copyrighted 1897 by Purely of Boston.) (Photo of McKinley Copyrighted by Elmer Chickeriug,) (Photo of Smith Copyrighted by Rockwood.)

THE HERO OF MANILA.