Pictorial history of America's new possessions : the isthmian canals, and the problem of expansion ... with chapters on the policy of American expansion

Front matter

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Chapter I. The Conquest Of Porto Rico

~The Island Is Ours Without the Annoyance of the Wolves and Wildcats of Philippine Politics—Porte Rico Determined Upon as a Second Objective Point in the War with Spain in the Western Hemisphere —Correspondence Between General Miles and the War Department Relative to the Porte) Rican Campaign—Long to Sampson—The President Interposes, and Sampson and Miles Are Satisfied—Miles Leads the Campaign, and It Progresses Smoothly, with Little Loss. ...38-50 ~ ae CHAPTER IL. oes | PORTO RICO, OUR ANTILLEAN POSSESSION.

Sum op Size of Island in Comparison and in Figures—Comparison of the Island = ane with Cuba—Porto Ricans a Better Class of People than Are the jae Cubans—Island Has Not Suffered from Spanish Rule as Much as Ee Has Cuba—One of the Fairest Gems of the Ocean—American Flag Tesi Raised Over the Island Amid the Cheering of the People—Revenue + eS and Expenses of the Island Government—lIsland Rich in Costly

Pash , Native Woods—Home of the Tropical Fruits—Scarcity of Wild Fe Animal Life, but Pestiferous Insects Are Plentiful—Rich in Sa hy Minerals—Extensive Commerce with the Great Nations—Coffee, ie: Sugar and Tobacco Leading Products and Exports—Healthiest Climate in the Antilles—In Density of Population Ranks First ae Boh, in the West Indies—Extracts from United States Military Notes—

as Soil and Climate—Wet and Dry Seasons—Breezes, Winds and

oe Hurricanes—Principal Mountain, River and Harbor—Cities and

Devt Towns—Highways and Railroads—Interesting Features of San

ee : Juan, the Capital and Principal City...,.....++.+. ee veeg ee cD 1-84 nt } 15 :

mgt ts igo CONTENTS. pee

Chapter III. Early Descriptions Of Porto Rico

Instructive Description of the Island Sixty-four Years Ago by Colonel Flinter of the British Army and Spanish Service—More from the Same Writer Quoted by the London Review—Valuable Statistics from the Edinburgh Review—Reyv. Wm. Moister Adds Interesting -Information—Natural Resources, Commercial Advantages and Physical Conditions Clearly Described—Social and Moral Standing of the People Fully Considered—Testimony That Reveals the Waiue vor Our iisular: Gems 2s’. lew ayes eas ces a ee eee 85-102

Chapter IV. Recent Descriptions Of The Island

Interesting Letter from a Scientist and Business Man, Giving an Account

of the Island’s Flora—Valuable Information About the Products

and Exports, Gathered by C. W. Eves—Scientific American Quoted

—Interesting Account of the Hurricanes, by Frederick D. Ober—

Value of the Island’s Imports—Establishment of Electric Tram-

. ways—Possibilities for Coffee and Sugar Production—A Glowing Tribute to the Island, by James Rodway...........ceeceecece on 103-122

BOOK IlL.--CUBA.

TNE BODUCTION irc as car. RN ars hae wen eee op . 127-129

Chapter I. Cuba -after The War

_The Ghanees of Three Years in Cuba—Recollection of the Weyler Period—The Fiery Invasion of Western Cuba by Gomez—The Fall of Maceo and Decline of the Flood of Rebellion—American Intervention and Spanish Retirement—The Stars and Stripes Over Morro Castle and the Governor’s Palace—The Spaniards’ Farewell to Havana—Wild Cuban Rejoicing—Spanish and Cuban Combination Against American Rule—Gomez Meets a Special Commissioner and Listens to Reason—His Triumphant Journey to Havana and — Ovation in the City—He Does Not Speak at the Banquet of Cuban Celebration—Spectacular Scenes in the Old Spanish Capital—The Prestige of Gomez Challenged by the Hysterical Cuban Assembly —He is Removed from His Command of the Army for Opposing re

CON TENTS.

the Creation of a Great Public Debt Without Value Received Bae for the People—The Splendid Letter with Which He Thanked ease the Assembly for Relieving Him of Responsibility—The People ----_—. Are with Him—As a Pacificator He Is a Statesman—The Catastrophe to Spain of the Loss of Cuba—Her Golden Island in the Summer Seas—The Land of Promise for the Favorites of a Corrupt Government in the Details of Administration—The

Roca. _- Place—Did Not Occur Without Abundant Admonition, and Yet pas ae CHAPTER IL. eee THE ISLAND OF CUBA. tied Official Information About the Island That Is of the Greatest Teapetianice Sie _ to Public Intelligence—Some Historical Facts—The Insurrections and Rebellions That Have Prevented the Development of the Island’s Resources—The Military and Civil Governments—Climate, Soil and Productions—Sanitary Conditions and Prevailing | Diseases—Abundance of Pestiferous Insects—Extensive Mineral - Resources—Island Abounds in Valuable Woods—Classification of

Chapter III. | The Cities Of The Queen Of The Antilles

me Bese = bantiago de Cuba the Ancient City of the Island—Location and Com- ‘ae mercial Importance—Its Strategic Position and Defenses as Set Forth in the United States Military Notes—Havana the Capital and Largest City in Cuba—lIts Defenses, Water Supply and Sanitary Condition—The Density of Population—Matanzas the

BOOK IIL--HAWAII.

BPI MERODUCTION .. fe 0.55, oo rae Dee een Bema Per RA Seas | 3 CHAPTER I. ans HAWAIL AS ANNEXED.

; The Star-Spangled Banner Up Again in Hawaii, and to Stay—Dimensions of the Island—What the Missionaries Have Done—Religious Belief by Nationality—Trade Statistics—Latest Census—Sugar _ j : a

Harvest Field for the Degenerate of a Nation Fallen from the First

Seemed to the Spectators a Surprise in Suddenness.. ....... 0...

PEP ePADItANTG .; 00 3 ie se Se ea pees Lh te Se ee

Behind. .Catyein< Population. Gay oa ns ee eae fata sce cis alee

130-161

162-186

. 203-206

~ Plantation Laborers—Coinage of Silver—Schools—Coffee Growing. 207-219

18 he CONTENTS.

CHAPTER. ITI. .

THE TERRITORY OF HAWAII.

Report of the Hawaiian Commission—Description of the Islands—Their Resources—Commerce—Character of Their People—Detail of’ the Territorial Government—Recommended and Most Valuable Official Reports of the Features of Civilization and Material Resources of pi acgete: BET (9 gk ree at Dn ee ai antag UMBRELLA uo BE Pes NSS SPR Cai i Bt 220-276

CHAPTER. IIL.

EARLY HISTORY OF THE SANDWICH ISLANDS.

Captain James Cook’s Great Discoveries and His Martyrdom—Character and Traditions of the Hawaiian Islands—Charges Against the Famous Navigator, and Effort to Array the Christian World Against Him—The True Story of His Life and Death—How Charges Against Cook Came to Be Made—Testimony of Vancouver, King and Dixon, and Last Words of Cook’s Journal—Light Turned on History That Has Become Obscure—Savagery of the Natives—Their Written Language Took Up Their High Colored Traditions and Preserved Phantoms—Scenes in Aboriginal Theatricals—Problem of Government in an Archipelago Where Race Questions Are Predominant—Now Americans Should Remember . Captain Cook as an Illustrious Pioneer. ...............eeeeee 2. 277-306

BOOK IV.--THE PHILIPPINES.

PrN PROD UE ION rene ee So 811-314

Chapter I. Our Interest In The Philippine Archipelago

Character of Filipinos and Their Oppression by the Spaniards—The Furtive Leader Aguinaldo—His Professions and Proceedings— Cash for Peace and a Bribe for Banishment—Early Indications of Impertinence—Deception of Our Consuls..............+..e0e 315-325 | a CHAPTER II.

THE IMPORTANT STATEMENT OF THE BELGIAN CONSUL AT MANILA.

The True Inwardness of the Philippine Situation by a Friend of Admiral Dewey, Mr, Andre, Belgian Consul at Manila—A Letter from

*

FS FO oa 3th kta en race ay are Sad oe xa pee at LS

Seo ries T

CONTENTS, -

Andrew Carnegie That Is One of His Mistakes—General Merritt’s Opinions at Paris—Mr. Andre’s Memorandum in Full—Leading

People of Manila Wish to Become Citizens of the United States— How General Merritt Drew the Line on Aguinaldo and Foretold

the Way Trouble Would Come...... EAT MR es greg le ees Sa ae

Bone : CHAPTER III.

THE MOST NOTABLE OF _THE STATEMENTS BEFORE COMMISSION IN PARIS.

The Remarkable Utterance of Mr. John Foreman, the Historian of the Philippines—His Exposures of Spanish Tyranny and the Persecution of the Poor—He Credits Stories About the Immorality of Spanish Priests and Gives Them—The Grievances of the Philippine Peasants—Extent of Spanish Occupation—Resources of the Islands—Habits of the People—Their Weakness and Strength—

. 806-337

OUR

Vast Amount of Information and Suggestion—General Whittier’s -

Personal Observation—His Interview with Aguinaldo and Judgment as to the Philippine Riches and Possibilities.......... HE aay

CHAPTER IV.

RESOURCES OF THE PHILIPPINES.

Memorandum of the Mineral Resources of the Islands by Dr. Becker of the United States Geological Survey, Gathered for the American Treaty Commission—Coal, Petroleum, Gold, Copper, Lead, Silver, Iron, Quicksilver, Sulphur, Marble, Kolin, Pearl Fisheries—Strategic Importance—Cebu and Negros Islands— NAVAL DSTA TONS—ELATDOIS < cae Seale ag dite e eg eva swrtle ete e meets

BOOK V.--ISTHMIAN CANALS.

CHAPTER I.

THE PANAMA CANAL.

The Two Mediterraneans—The Era of Enterprise in the World’s Water-

- ways—The New Panama Company—Immense Work Done— Steady Prosecution of the Task—More than Three Thousand Men Employed in Excavating—The Curiously Interesting Story of the Canal—The Misfortune of the De Lesseps Failure Not Final— Facts and Figures That Should Restore the Faded Interest of the Aseria. Pedpletas Goatees! veh tidied ocuekgsccohe ig © acta ake Sha aan rae

338-365

366-406

413-471

8) CONTENTS.

CHAPTER IL THE SUEZ CANAL.

ve Monument of Disraeli and De Lesseps That, Though of Shifting Nature in Shifting Sand, Is More Imperishable than Marble or Brass or Any Towering Structure Reared by Human Hands—What the Great Engineer, De Lesseps, Who, Though He Subsequently Made a Failure, Did Enough for Immortality, Had to Say—The ‘Suez Canal the Grandest Work of Public Improvement in the Most Progressive Century—The Dramatic History Without a Parallel as a Scheme of Daring Scientific Fancy or Realization Ol stolden “Pivadends oes oe sie V5 ae ek wn ep oes Dee pen eae ee

Chapter III. The Nicaragua Canal

Senator Morgan’s Strong Plea for an American Canal—The Claim that

- the Nicaragua Route, Though Longer than the Panama, Is More —

Practicable—Estimates of Enormous Special Advantages to America, Both Military and Commercial—Some Interesting Statements of the Costs and Profits of the Suez Canal and Their Bearing Upon the Nicaragua Canal—The Shares That the British Bought in the Suez Canal for £4,000,000 Are Worth £20,000,000— The Opposition to the Nicaragua Line in Congress Is Rather Against the Maritime Company than Opposed to the Enterprise Itself{—The Views of Senators Pettigrew, Caffery and Teller

BOOK VI --PROBLEM OF EXPANSION.

INTRODUCTION eeeeoeveeeeeeeee ete eet ®t eereeeereeeseeeeeeereewsereeereeeee

Chapter I. President Mwkinley For Expansion

The Weighty Unexpected Problems Before the Country—Not Our Fault that They Impose High Obligation—He Opposed War—No Nation Insisting Upon War Can Foretell the Story of It—The President Cannot Fix the Boundaries of Events—We Could Not Give Up Our Conquests to Spain—The Philippines Had to Go to Spain or Be Held by Us—We Did Not Need the Consent of the Filipinos

Boe to a Work of Humanity—The Future of the Philippines Is in the ea g3 Hands of the American People—No Imperial Designs Lurk in the Re ee .

eine:

=

493-499

505-509

: | CONTENTS, be 21 American Mind—The Free Can Conquer But to Save—The Bloody Trenches Bring Anguish to His Heart—The Filipinos Will Be Grateful for American Civilization................... . 510-514

Chapter II. ~ Andrew Carnegie Opposed To Expansion

_ Mr. Carnegie Assails the President and the Secretary of the Treasury Bre re for Changing Their Opinions as to Expansion—Doubts the - -———s*~éPresident’s Convictions, and Says Gage Is Not a Manufacturer— Sige oes ale Carnegie Desires Commercial Expansion—He Wants the President _‘ to Listen to the London Times—The Open Door Will Antagonize American Labor—Predicts Death Blow to “Imperialisin’”—Says

No Citizen Can Be Deprived of the Right to Send His Products

to Any Territory Under Our Flag Free of All Tariffs Within the

Republic’s Domain—Trade of Philippines Cannot Be American—

Spain Gets $20,000,000 for a Great Relief—Tribute to the Personal

Virtues of the President—A Reply to Mr. Murat Halstead’s

Paper ent, FICTMCRLEAG rec eT ee recta po eine wn Sek ee ae oes 515-530 we | CHAPTER IIL. | Se aaa SENATOR CUSHMAN K. DAVIS FOR EXPANSION. | < : ic a The Distinguished Chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Bernt \. _ Relations and Member of the Peace Commission Declares His | Position—The American People Have Made an Immeasurable ve Advance Within a Year—The President’s Good Work—The "ares Story of the Making of the Treaty of Peace—No Warning Pa iw that Americans Claimed Too Much—Filipinos Not Ready for ae eae Sovereignty Over Civilized People—Historical Antecedents of OS ee Expansion—The Question What We Shall Do with the Philippine pe Archipelago Not Yet Upon Us—It Will Be Fair and Honorable... .531-539 ee CHAPTER IV. ge : COLONEL W. J. BRYAN.

_ Astonished that Any American Citizen Would Uphold the Doctrine of | ec ein tas | Gaining Land by Conquest—He Could Have Told McKinley to | ak ree Take Care Not to Confide in Public Opinion Formed at the Rear ee ome of a Car—Imperialism Wanted to Exercise Sovereignty Over an POEM oe ane Alien Race—Self-Government Was Gained in the School of = eee Tee - Government—No Excuse for a Colonial Policy—Mr. Gage the cia ei ere : a ; Keyhole of the Administration—The Colonial Policy Rested on pS Vicarious Enjoyment—A Call for the Ancient Law-Giver on 2 ae 22 c ,

Contents

Sinai—Against a Larger Army—Imperialists Confuse Their Beati- _ tudes—Not Profitable to Buy a Lawsuit—Muffle the Liberty Bell

—Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death...............05. wee cee o 040-545

2 CHAPTER V.