Front matter
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Preface
Interesting narrative — instead of condensation of unimportant facts and dates — is the best method of presenting the subject of history to children in grammar grades. It has been the author's aim in developing the essential facts of American history to awaken the interest and hold the attention of the pupils. In simplicity of vocabulary and style of narration, it is believed that this text will prove to be adapted to the requirements of class-room use.
As the interest of the child centers mainly in the men and women who have become great historical characters, the personal element has not been slighted. An important and valuable feature in method of treatment may be found in the correlation of American with concurrent European history.
In the arrangement of subject matter, the relative historical importance of topics has been observed. The elaborate table of contents, and the summaries and questions at the end of each chapter will be found helpful to both teacher and pupil. It has been the constant purpose to inspire the children, who are to become future citizens, with love for their country and its institutions and with respect and veneration for its great patriots, soldiers, and statesmen.
CHAPTER I Early Portuguese and Spanish Discoveries and Explorations
1. Early Mediterranean Trade
Routes I
2. The Great Question i
3. Portugal the First Nation to try
to find a New Route 2
4. Columbus 3
5. The Earth is Round 4
6. Columbus forms a Plan 4
7. Columbus leaves Portugal and
goes to Spain 6
8. Columbus decides to leave Spain 6
9. Columbus is called back. Suc-
cess 6
10. First Voyage 7
11. Land sighted 9
12. Cuba and Hispaniola 10
13. First Settlement in the New World 10
14. Return to Spain 10
15. Other Voyages of Columbus ... 12
16. Second Voyage 12
17. Second Settlement 13
18. First Battle between White Men
and Indians 13
19. Third Voyage 14
20. Columbus finds the Continent . . 14
2 1 . Portuguese reach India by Sea . . 1
22. Fourth Voyage 16
23. Hunting for a Way to India ... 17
24. Castaways on Jamaica 17
25. Death of Isabella and Columbus 18
26. Americus Vespucius, 18
27. Ponce de Leon 20
28. "The Fountain of Youth."
Florida 20
29. Balboa 21
30. Balboa discovers the Pacific 22
31. Cortes; Exploration and Con-
quest of Mexico 23
32. Troops of Cortes 23
35. The City of Mexico 24
34. Montezuma 26
35. Cortes leaves the City 26
36. Capture of the City 26
37. Ferdinand Magellan, 1519-1522 27
38. Magellan starts 27
39. Straits of Magellan 27
40. On the Pacific Ocean 28
41. Death of Magellan 29
42. Into the Atlantic Ocean again . . 29
43. What the Voyage proved 30
44. Pizarro 30
45. Pizarro tries to find Peru 30
46. He finds Peru 30
47. The Incas 31
48. Vasquez de Ayllon 31
49. Narvaez 32
50. lie visits Florida 33
5 1 . All except Four perish 34
52. The Expedition of Coronado ... 35
5S. Fernando de Soto 33
54. He discovers the Mississippi
River 36
VI
CHAPTER II The Voyages and Discoveries of the English, Erench, and Dutch
55. John and Sebastian Cabot 30
56. Sir Francis Drake 40
57. Drake visits the Pacific Coast of
America 41
58. He starts across the Pacific 43
59. England becomes the Leading
Power 42
60. Sir Walter Raleigh; Roanoke
Island 42
61. First Attempt to found an Eng-
lish Settlement in .\merica ... 43
62. Second Attempt 44
63. Raleigh in Prison 45
64. French Voyages of Discovery to
the New World; John Verra-
zano 46
65. Jacques Cartier 46
66. The Huguenots 48
67. Samuel Champlain; New France 49
68. Champlain attacks the Iroquois
Indians 50
69. The Dutch in the New World;
Henr>' Hudson 52
70. Hudson employed by Holland 52
71. Dutch Claims 53
Chapter III
72. The Mound Builders 57
73. The Pueblo Indians 58
74. The Cliff Dwellers 58
75. The i\ztecs 59
76. The Indians of North America . . 60
77. Mode of Living 61
78. Government 62
79. Language 62
80. Religious Belief 63
81. Indian Warfare 64
82. Industries 64
83. Tribes 65
84. Present Indian Reservations ... 66
CHAPTER IV How the Spanish and the French Peopled America
85. The First Settlers were Spanish . 69
86. Broad Claims of Spain 69
87. Spain's Claims Disputed 69
88. What France claimed at first ... 70
89. Why France did not people the
Country sooner 70
90. The Fur Business 72
91. The French made Friends of the
Indians 7^
92. Algonquins and Iroquois 73
93. Nicolet 74
94. Marquette and Jolict 74
95. La Salle 75
96. The First and Only Voyage of
the Griffm 76
97. Fort Crevecceur 77
98. La Salle reaches the Mouth of
the Mississippi River 78
99. Death of La Salle 78
100. King William's War 79
101. The French on the Gulf of Mex-
ico 80
102. The French Chain of Forts ... 81
103. Queen Anne's War 82 vu
Chapter V
104. Jamestown 84
105. Sickness and Death 85
106. Smith has an Adventure 85
107. More Settlers come to James-
town 87
108. The Starving Time 88
109. Governor Dale 88
1 10. Tobacco 89
111. Argall kidnaps Pocahontas .... 89
112. Marriage of Pocahontas 90
113. Better Times 90
114. Government by the People ... 90
115. Prosperity 91
116. Slavery 92
117. The London Company loses its
Charter 92
118. Royal Governors 92
119. Death of King Charles I 94
1 20. The Coming of the Cavaliers ... 94
121. The Puritans leave Virginia ... 94
122. The Time of the Common-
wealth in England 95
123. Charles II 96
124. Trouble with the Indians 96
125. Bacon's Rebellion 97
126. Country and Climate 98
Chapter VI
127. The Hudson River. The Com-
ing of the Dutch loi
128. A Dutch Settlement loi
129. Dutch Treaty with the Iroquois 102
130. Importance of the Hudson River 102
131. Long Island Sound and Con-
necticut River 103
132. The Dutch West India Com-
pany 103
133. Peter Minuit buys Manhattan
Island 104
134. The Patroons 105
135. War with Indians 106
136. Free Religion 107
137. New Netherland takes New
Sweden 109
138. England takes New Netherland 109
139. New York no
140. Jacob Leisler 112
141. John Peter Zenger and the
Freedom of the Press 112
142. New Jersey 114
Chapter VII
143. Cape Cod. The Kennebec River
Settlement 116
144. Smith explores the New Eng-
land Coast 116
145. The Puritans 117
146. The Separatists 118
147. The Pilgrims go to America 119
148. Treaty with the Indians 121
149. The Pilgrims work and prosper 122
150. Puritans settle Salem; Mas-
sachusetts Bay Company ... 122
152. The General Court 124
153. Business 125
154. Connecticut 125
155. Roger Williams; Rhode Island 126 vm
156. Slave Ships 128
157. Maine and New Hampshire ... 128
158. Education in New England ... 128
159. The Pequot War 129
160. The New England Confedera-
tion; Population 131
161. The Navigation Laws 131
162. Other Bad Laws 132
163. When New Nethcrland became
New York 132
164. King Philip's War 134
165. Massachusetts loses its Charter 136
166. James II and Andros 136
167. Witchcraft in Salem 136
CHAPTER VIII The English in Maryland and Other Colonies
168. Lord Baltimore; his Newfound-
land Colony I3Q
169. An English Catholic Colony ... 139
170. Settlement of Maryland 140
171. Claiborne's Rebellion 141
172. Religious Differences 142
173. The Baltimores again; Mason
and Di.xon 143
174. The P^nglish in Pennsylvania;
the Quakers 143
175. William Penn 144
176. Pennsylvania 14S
177. Philadelphia 146
178. Germans come to Pennsylvania 146
179. Trouble with the New King . . . 146
190. 191.
The English in Delaware 147
The Carolinas 148
Duke of Albemarle 149
The Model Government 149
Charleston 150
Tar, Turpentine and Other
Products 150
Rice, Indigo, and Cotton.
Negro Slavery 150
The English in Georgia 151
Oglethorpe 152
Savannah 153
Trouble with the Spaniards. ... 154 Slavery iS4
CHAPTER IX English America and How It was Held
192. Early English Settlers kept to
the Coast 156
193. King George's War 156
194. English America at the Close of
King George's War 157
195. Industries 158
197. Clothing 159
198. Heating and Cooking 160
200. Religion 162
201. Education 162
202. The French prepare for War 163
203. The English begin to take the
Ohio Valley 164
204. The French and Indian War . . 166
205. Franklin tries to form a Union . 167
206. General Braddock 167
207. Braddock's Defeat 169
208. Johnson's Victory at Lake
George 170
209. The Acadians 172
210. "The Seven Years' War" in
Europe 172
211. William Pitt i73
212. Montcalm I73
213. Defeat at Ticonderoga 173
214. Capture of Louisburg. Fort
Duquesne i73
215. Plan of Campaign for 1759-
Battle of Quebec i74
216. Treaty of Peace i7S
217. Pontiac's War 176 ix
Chapter X
219. English Colonies 179
221. How England treated her Col-
onies 180
222. Money used by the Colonists 180
223. Industries 181
224. Writs of Assistance 181
225. England's Need of the Colonies 182
226. The Lords of Trade and the
Colonial Governors 182
227. France no longer to be feared. . 182
228. George III 183
229. Taxation without Representa-
tion 183
230. England tries to humble the
Colonies. The Stamp Act . . 183
231. Committees of Correspondence 186
232. It was the King's Fault 186
233. Tories and Whigs 186
234. First Continental Congress 187
235. The Fisheries 188
236. Privateers 188
237. The Minute-men 188
Chapter XI
238. The Rebellion against the King 190 259.
239. Lexington and Concord 190 260.
240. England and the Colonies at the
Beginning of the Revolution . 192 261.
241. The Second Continental Con- 262.
242. The Siege of Boston 193 264.
243. The Battle of Bunker Hill .... 195 265.
244. Washington, Commander-in-
245. Ticonderoga and Crown Point 197 267.
246. The Attempt to take Montreal 268.
and Quebec 198 269.
247. Dorchester Heights 198
248. War in the Carolinas 199 270.
249. The War in New York and New 271.
250. The Hessians 200 273.
251. Independence 200 274.
252. Washington's Movements .... 202 275.
253. The Battle of Long Island 203 276.
254. Retreat to Harlem 203 277.
255. Washington enters New Jersey . 204 278.
256. Battle of Trenton 205 279.
257. Money for the Soldiers; Robert 280.
258. Battle of Princeton 207
Benjamin Franklin 208
The Campaign in New York
State in 1777 211
Burgoyne's March 211
Bennington 211
St. Leger 212
Howe's Army 212
Howe moves against Philadelphia 2X2
Burgoyne at Saratoga 213
Valley Forge 214
The Treaty with France 215
English leave Philadelphia.
Monmouth 215
The Iroquois Indians 216
The West 216
Arnold's Treason 217
John Paul Jones 218
The War in the South 219
Battle of Camden 220
Battle of King's Mountain .... 220
Yorktown 221
The Surrender of Cornwallis . . 222
Peace 224
The Treaty 224
The Greatness of Washington . . 225
CHAPTER XII Articles of Confederation — The Constitution
282. The States, from the War for
Independence to 181 2 228
284. Hard Times 231
285. Leading Men 231
286. The Ordinance of 1787 234
287. Constitution of the United
States 235
288. Slavery 235
289. Industries 236
290. The First President 236
291. Population; Character of the
Country 238
292. Amendments to the Constitu-
tion 238
293. TarifiE 239
294. The Capital 239
295. The Census 240
296. Debts, Coinage, Banking 240
297. New States 241
298. Parties 241
299. The French Republic 242
300. The Cotton Gin 242
301. The National Government uses
its Power 242
302. America's Chance for Greater
Commerce 243
303. Our Vessels searched for Sailors 244
304. The Jay Treaty 244
305. The Spanish Treaty 244
306. A New President 244
308. Thomas Jefferson 246
309. New Ideas in Government .... 247
310. The Barbary States 248
311. Admission of Ohio 248
312. The Louisiana Purchase 248
313. The Oregon Country 249
314. Trouble on the Sea 250
315. Embargo Act 251
316. Election of Madison 252
317. The Non-Intercourse Act 252
CHAPTER Xni
319. Hull's Surrender 255
321. The Constiiulion and the
Guerriere 257
322. Other Naval Battles 257
323. Perry's Victory 258
324. McDonough's Victory 259
325. The British at Washington . . . 259
326. The "Star-Spangled Banner" . 260
327. The Desire for Peace 260
328. Battle of New Orleans 261
329. Close of the War 262
330. Barbary Pirates 262
331. The Tarifif 263
CHAPTER XIV From the War of 1812 to the Mexican War
332. President Monroe 264
333. Florida 264
334. Rise of Slavery Question 265
335. The Missouri Compromise .... 266
336. The Growth of National Pride 266
337. Immigration 266
338. The Holy Alliance 267
339. The Monroe Doctrine 267
XI
340. The Tariff 267
341. Manufactures. Inventions . . . 268
342. Improvements 268
343. A New President 269
344. The Erie Canal 271
345. The Railroads 272
346. Andrew Jackson 272
347. The Nullification Doctrine .... 273
348. The Spoils System 274
349. Jackson Reelected; the United
States Bank 275
350. The United States Bank and the
Surplus 275
351. Two Wings of the Democratic
Party. Slavery 275
352. Election of Van Buren 276
353. The Panic 276
354. The South wants Texas 276
355. Election of Harrison 277
356. Public Lands 278
3S7- The Telegraph 278
359. Election of Polk 279
360. The Oregon Country 280
Chapter XV
361. The Mexican War 283
362. The Wilmot Proviso 284
363. Election of General Taylor .... 284
364. Admission of California 284
365. Discovery of Gold 285
366. Threats of Secession 286
367. The Fugitive Slave Law 286
368. Immigration 287
370. A President from the North ... 287
372. The Kansas-Nebraska Act .... 290
374. Election of Buchanan 291
375. The Dred Scott Case 291
376. Abraham Lincoln 292
377. John Brown 293
378. Admission of New States 294
379. The Election of Abraham Lin-
coln 294
380. Secession 294
381. Confederate States of America . 294
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