Short American history by grades; the story of the nation

Part II. BOSTON, U.S.A

TwoCoplM Hect<i-..

COPYRICHT, 1908,

By D. C. Heath & Co.

IISrTRODUCTIO^.

This book continues the story of our country's history from the close of the French and Indian War.

It has been the ahn of the author to present the story of events leading- to the Declaration of Independence in a style calculated to sustain the pupil's interest. In doing this references to English history have been freely made.

The history of the Revolutionary Period has not been written in mere outline, with dry details of dates and battles, but liveliness of narration has been sustained by the use of direct quotation.

The defects of the Articles of Confederation and the steps leading to the enactment of the Constitution have been clearly set forth.

Concurrently with the history of the early administrations, an account is given, in the stoiy of the growth of the young nation, of the character of its people and of the causes of the War of 1812.

The increase in population and the progress made in manufactures and important inventions have been given for each decade of our history.

Introduction

The story of the rise and growth of slavery and its bearing upon the sul)sequent histoiy of the nation have been developed throughout the text. The sanguinary details of the battles of the Mexican and Civil Wars have l)een omitted, but the essentials have been included in interesting naiiative.

The judicious teacher will use the text as the needs of the class or the requii-ements of a course of study may suggest.

Summaries and questions for review have been placed at the end of each chapter. These give a comprehensive grasp of the subject-matter and may be used by the teacher to test the pu})irs knowledge.

The topical headings of the text may be found by reference to the table of contents.

I am indebted for helpful suggestions and criticisms to Supt. Charles AV. Lyon, Mi-. Homer C. Bristol, Dr. L. II. White, Mr. John W. Kafferty, and to other valued frieiids.

Introd. II. — 2.

Chapter I. THE ENGLISH COLONIES

1 . Canada 1

2. English Colonies 1

3. People 2

4. How England Treated her Colonies 5

5. Money Used by the Colonists 7

0. Industries 7

7. Writs of Assistance 8

8. English Treatment of Colonies 10

9. The Lords of Trade and the Colonial Governors 10

10. France no Longer to be Feared 11

11. George III 11

12. Taxation Without Representation 13

13. England Tries to Humble the Colonies. The Stamp Act 14

14. Committees of Correspondence 18

15. It was the King's Fault 19

16. Tories and WTiigs . 20

17. First Continental Congress 22

18. The Fisheries 23

19. Privateers 24

20. The Minute-Men 24

Chapter II

21. The Rebellion Against the King 27

22. Lexington and Concord 27

23. England and the Colonies at the Beginning of the Revolution 33

24. The Second Continental Congress 34

25. The Siege of Boston 36

26. The Battle of Bunker Hill 39

27. Washington, Commander-in-Chief 42 vi CONTENTS

28. Ticonderoga and Crown Point 44

29. The Attempt to take Montreal and Quebec 45

30. Dorchester Heights 46

31. War in the Carolinas 47

32. The War in New York and New Jersey 48

33. The Hessians 49

34. Independence 50

35. Declaration of Independence 51

36. Washington's Movements 56

37. The Battle of Long Lsland 57

38. Retreat to Harlem 58

39. Washington Enters New Jersey 59

40. Battle of Trenton 61

41. Battle of Princeton 65

42. Benjamin Franklin 66

43. The Campaign in New York State in 1777 68

44. Employment of Savages 69

45. Bennington 71

46. St. Leger 72

47. Howe's Army 73

48. Howe Moves Against Philadelphia 74

49. Burgoyne at Saratoga 75

50. Valley Forge 76

51. The Treaty with France 77

52. English Leave Philadelphia. Monmouth 78

53. The Iroquois Indians 79

54. The West 80

55. Arnold's Treason 81

56. John Paul Jones 83

57. The War in the South 86

58. Battle of Camden 88

59. Battle of Kings Mountain 89

60. Yorktown 92

61. The Surrender of Cornwallis 93

62. Peace 95

63. The Treaty 96

64. The Greatness of Washington 98

Ch.\pteu III.

65. The States, after the War for Independence to the WaroflS12... 103

66. Articles of Confederation 103

CONTENTS vii

67. Hard Times 104

68. Shays's Rebellion 105

69. The Ordinance of 1787 106

71. Slavery 109

72. Industry 110

73. The First President Ill

74. Amendments to the Constitution 114

75. Tariff 115

76. The Capital 116

78. Debts, Coinage, Banking 117

79. New States 118

80. Parties 1 19

81. The French Republic 119

82. The Cotton Gin 121

83. The National Government Uses its Power 122

84. America's Chance for Greater Commerce 123

85. Our Vessels Searched for Sailors 124

86. The Jay Treaty 125

87. The Spanish Treaty 125

88. A New President 126

89. France 127

90. Napoleon Bonaparte 128

91. Death of Washington 128

93. Election of Thomas Jefferson 130

94. The African Barbarians 132

95. The Louisiana Purchase 135

96. The Oregon Country 138

97: Trouble on the Sea 141

98. Embargo Act 144

99. Election of Madison 146

100. The Third Census 147

Chapter IV

102. Hull's Surrender 153

104. The "Constitution" and the "Guerriere" 156

105. Other Naval Battles 158 viii CONTENTS

100. Perry's Victory 159

107. McDonough's Victory on Lake Champlain 160

108. The British at Washington 162

109. The Star-Spangled Banner 162

110. The Desire for Peace 163

111. Battle of New Orleans 163

112. Close of the War 166

113. Barbary Pirates 167

CH.A.PTER V.

FROM THE WAIl OF 1812 TO THE MEXICAN WAR.

115. President Monroe 169

116. Florida 169

117. Rise of Slavery Question 172

118. The Missouri Compromise 174

120. The Growth of National Pride 176

121. Immigration 177

122. Monroe Reelected 177

123. The Holy Alliance 177

126. Manufactures. Inventions 182

127. Improvements 183

128. A New President 184

129. The Erie Canal 186

130. The Railroads 187

131. Andrew Jackson 188

132. The Nullification Doctrine 192

133. Jackson Reelected 193

134. The Spoils System 193

135. The United States Bank and the Surplus 194

136. Fifth Census 194

137. Two Wings of Democratic Party. Slavery 196

138. Election of Van Buren 197

139. The Panic 197

140. Sixth Census 199

141. Election of Harrison 200

142. Public Lands 203

143. The Telegraph 203

CONTENTS ix

145. Election of Polk 205

146. The Oregon Country 207

147. The New Tariff 208

Chapter VI

148. The Mexican War and the Slavery Question 211

149. The Wilmot Proviso 213

150. Election of General Taylor 214

151. Admission of California 214

152. Treaty of Secession 217

153. The Seventh Census 217

154. Slave Law 219

155. Immigration 220

157. A President from the North 221

159. The Kansas-Nebraska Act 224

162. Election of Buchanan 226

163. The Dred Scott Case 227

164. Abraham Lincoln 229

165. John Brown 230

166. Admission of New States 232

167. The Eighth Census 232

168. The Election of Abraham Lincoln 233

169. Secession 234

170. Confederate States of America 236

Chaptek VII.

THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.

171. Fort Sumter 240

172. President Lincoln 240

173. The South Makes War 242

174. Effect of the Capture of Fort Sumter 244

175. Condition of the South 245

176. The Blockade 245

177. Preparation 246

178. Bull Run 246

179. Call for Volunteers. Gen. George B. McClellan 247

X CONTENTS

180. West Virginia 249

181. Mason and Slidell 249

182. Forts Donelson and Henry 250

183. Control of the Missi.ssippi 252

184. Battle of Shiloh or Pittsburg Landing. Corinth 253

185. The Duel of the Ironclads 254

186. The Monitor 256

187. New Orleans 259

188. The Draft in the South 260

189. The Blockade Goes on 261

190. Privations of the South 261

191. The North 262

'192. Richmond. McClellan 263

193. Second Battle of Bull Run 264

194. The Confederate Army Advances 264

195. Antietam 266

196. Third Year of the War 266

197. Copperheads 267

198. Slavery 268

199. Emancipation 270

200. Results of Emancipation 270

201. Confederate War-ships on the Sea 271

202. England and France 272

203. Exchange of Prisoners 273

204. The Draft 275

205. Gettysburg 276

206. Vicksburg 277

207. Chattanooga and Chickamauga 278

208. Lookout Mountain and Mi.ssouri Ridge 278

209. English and French War-vessels for the South 280

210. Grant in Command 280

211. Grant's Plans 280

212. The Wilderness. A Fighting General 281

213. Spottsylvania 281

214. Cold Harbor 282

215. Petersburg 282

216. The Shenandoah Valley 283

217. Desperate Measures 284

218. The Nation's Credit 285

219. Taxes in the Confederacy 285

220. Atlanta Falls 286

CONTENTS xi

221. The March to the Sea 288

222. The Elections 288

223. The South Fights from Pride 289

224. Sherman Marches North 290

225. Grant and Lee at Petersburg 292

226. Lee Abandons Richmond 293

227. Lee's Surrender 293

228. What the War had Cost 294

229. What the War Did 295

. Chapter VIII.

230. The Death of Lincoln 299

23L President Johnson 299

232. Pardons for Rebels 301

233. The Condition of the Freedmen 302

234. The President's Policy 303

235. The Civil Rights Bill 303

236. The Fourteenth Amendment 303

237. The Ku-Klux Klan 304

238. Military Government 305

239. Enmity Between Congress and the President 306

241. President Grant 307

242. The Fifteenth Amendment 307

234. The Pacific Railroad 309

244. The Ninth Census 309

245. The "Alabama" Claims 310

246. Ku-Klux Outrages 311

247. The Amnesty Act. Election. Panic 312

248. Resumption of Specie Payments 312

249. A Disputed Presidential Election 313

250. Specie Payment Resumed 313

251. Paying the War Debt 314

252. Chinese Immigration 315

253. Tenth Census 315

254. Election of Garfield 316

255. Death of Garfield 316

256. President Arthur 318

257. The New Na\y 318

258. The Brooklyn Bridge 319 xii CONTENTS

201. President Harrison 321

202. Oklahoma 322

203. American Republics 323

204. New States 323

2()o. Pensions 323

200. The People's Party 324

207. Eleventh Census 324

208. Cleveland Reelected 326

270. The Panic 327

272. President McKinley 328

273. The War with Spain 330

274. The Treaty of Peace 332

27o. American Troops in China 332

270. The Standard Dollar 333

277. Second P:iection of McKinley 333

278. Death of President McKinley 234

279. Cuba as a Nation 334

280. The Alaskan Boundary Line 335

281. The Panama Canal 330

282. The Election of Roosevelt 337

283. A Forecast 337

BARNES'S SHORT AMERICAN HISTORY.

PART 11.