Short American history for intermediate grades

Front matter

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Introduction

This book presents a more complete treatment of the subjects indicated by its title than is generally found in text-books on American History intended for use in elementary schools. It fully develops the subject-matter required in the fifth year by the present Course of Study prescribed for the New York City schools.

As home study is not required and dictation of notes is forbidden in the fifth year under that Course of Study, the judicious teacher will adapt it to the requirements of the grade by use in the classroom. The core of the work should be the basis of the brief treatment that is required.

I am indebted for helpful suggestions and criticisms to Superintendent Charles W. Lyon, Mr. Homer C. Bristol, Dr. L. H. White, Mr. John W. Rafferty, Mr. James A. Bowen, and to other valued friends.

Chapter I Early Portuguese And Spanish Discoveries And Explorations

SECTION PAOE

1. Early Mediterranean Routes 1

The Great Question 2

2. Portugal the First Nation to try to find a New Route . . 3

The New Question 4

3. Columbus 5

The Earth is Round 6

Columbus forms a Plan 7

4. Columbus leaves Portugal. Goes to Spain. Hearing at Sala-

manca 7

5. Decides to leave Spain 8

6. Is called Back. Success 11

7. First Voyage 11

8. Land Sighted 13

9. Cuba and Hispaniola 15

Indian Corn and Tobacco 15

First Settlement in the New World 16

10. Return to Spain 16

11. Other Voyages of Columbus 18

Second Voyage 19

Second Settlement in the New World : 20

First Battle between White Men and Indians ... 20

Third Voyage 23

Columbus finds the Continent 23

The Portuguese reach India by Sea . . . 26

Fourth Voyage 26

Hunting for a Way to India 28

Castaways on the Island of Jamaica 29

v vi CONTENTS

Escape 30

Death of Isabella and Columbus 31

12. Americus Vespucius, the Florentine 31

Makes Slaves of Indians . . 34

13. Juan Ponce de Leon 35

Seeks the " Fountain of Youth." Finds Florida ... 35

14. Balboa 37

Discovers the Pacific Ocean 38

Death of Balboa 40

15. Cortes. Exploration and Conquest of Mexico .... 40

Ordered to Mexico 40

Troops of Cortes 41

Hears of the City of Mexico -.43

First Sight of City of Mexico 45

The City of Mexico .45

Montezuma 47

Coming of Narvaez 49

Return of Cortes . .50

Cortes leaves tbe City 51

Capture of the City .52

16. Magellan (Ferdinand), 1519-1522 52

Magellan Starts 55

Straits of Magellan . .56

On the Pacific Ocean 56

Death of Magellan 57

Into the Atlantic Ocean Again ...... 57

What the Voyage Proved 58

17. Pizarro 58

Pizarro tries to find Peru 60

Finds Peru 61

Thelncas . 63

18. Vasquez de Ayllon 63

19. Narvaez 64

Visits Florida 65

All except Four Perish . . 65

Wanderings of the Four 66

20. The Expedition of Coronado 66

21. Fernando de Soto : Discovery of the Mississippi River . . 68

Discovers the Mississippi River 68

CONTENTS vn

Chapter II The Voyages And Discoveries Of The English, French, And Dutch

I. English Explorations

27. 28.

John and Sebastian Cabot ....

England begins to Explore .

Sir Francis Drake

Drake visits the Pacific Coast of America

Starts across the Pacific Ocean

England becomes the Leading Power . Sir Walter Raleigh. Roanoke Island

First English Settlement in America .

Second English Settlement .

Raleigh in Prison

II. French Explorations

72 71 75 76

78 79 80 82 83

French Voyages of Discovery to the New World ... 84

John Verrazano 84

Jacques Cartier 85

The Huguenots 87

Samuel Champlain 87

New France 87

Attacks the Iroquois Indians 89

III. Dutch Explorations

29. The Dutch in the New World : New Netherland

Henry Hudson 89

Employed by Holland 90

Dutch Claims 92

Chapter III

30. The Mound Builders 96

31. The Pueblo Indians 98 viii CONTENTS

32. The Cliff Dwellers 99

33. The Aztecs 100

34. The Indians of North America 102

35. Mode of Living .103

Government 104

Language 106

Religious Belief 106

Indian Warfare 107

Industries 108

Tribes 110

Chapter IV How The Spanish Peopled America

40. An Early Start . ..114

41. Broad Claims of Spain . 114

42. Spain's Claims Disputed 115

Chapter V How The French Peopled America

43. What France claimed at First 117

44. Why France did not people the Country Sooner . . . 117

45. The Fur Business 119

46. The French made Friends of the Indians . . . . 119

47. The Algonquins and the Iroquois ...... 121

48. The Little Fight that changed History 122

49. Nicolet 125

50. Marquette and Joliet 127

51. La Salle 131

52. The First and Only Voyage of the Griffin 133

53. Fort Crevecceur 134

54. La Salle's Second Trial. Reaches Mississippi's Mouth . . 135

55. La Salle's Third Trial. His Death 137

57. The French on the Gulf of Mexico 140

58. The French Chain of Forts 1*1

CONTENTS ix

CHAPTER VI HOW THE ENGLISH PEOPLED AMERICA Jamestown 144

Sickness and Death 148

Smith has an Adventure 148

The Starving Time . . ' . 152

Governor Dale 152

Tobacco 155

Argall kidnaps Pocahontas 155

Marriage of Pocahontas. Her Death in England . . .157

Better Times 157

Government by the People 158

Prosperity 158

Slavery 159

The London Company loses its Charter 160

Royal Governors . 161

Death of King Charles I 162

The Coming of the Cavaliers 163

The Puritans leave Virginia . 163

The Time of the Commonwealth in England .... 164

Charles II 164

Trouble with the Indians 167

Bacon's Rebellion 171

Country and Climate 172

Chapter VII New York And New Jersey

82. The Hudson River 175

The Coming of the Dutch 175

83. A Dutch Settlement 175

84. Dutch Treaty with the Iroquois ....... 176

85. Importance of the Hudson River 177

86. Long Island Sound and Connecticut River .... 178

87. The Dutch West India Company 179

88. Peter Minuit buys Manhattan Island . . • . . . .180

89. The Patroons 181 x CONTENTS

90. War with Indians 183

91. Free Religion 186

92. New Netherland takes New Sweden * 187

93. England takes New Netherland . . . . . 188

94. New York 189

95. New Jersey 192

Chapter VIII

96. The Kennebec River Settlement 196

97. Smith explores the New England Coast 197

98. The Puritans 198

99. The Separatists 199

100. The Pilgrims go to America 202

101. Treaty with the Indians 203

102. The Pilgrims Work and Prosper 204

103. Puritans settle Salem. Massachusetts Bay Company . . 205

105. The General Court ,209

106. Business 209

107. Connecticut 210

108. Roger Williams ; Rhode Island 211

109. Slave Ships . 214

110. Maine and New Hampshire . V 214

111. Education in New England . . . . . . . 215

112. The Pequot War . . .215

113. The New England Confederation . . . . . .219

114. The Navigation Laws .221

115. Other Bad Laws .222

116. When New Netherland became New York .... 223

117. King Philip's War • . . .223

118. Massachusetts loses its Charter 235

119. James II and Andros 236

CONTENTS xi

Chapter IX The English In Maryland And Other Colonies

120. Lord Baltimore ; his Newfoundland Colony .... 241

121. An English Catholic Colony 242

122. Settlement of Maryland 244

123. Claiborne's Rebellion 246

124. Maryland a Royal Province 246

125. The English in Pennsylvania; the Quakers .... 247

126. William Penn 248

127. Pennsylvania 250

128. Philadelphia 252

129. Germans come to Pennsylvania 253

130. Trouble with the New King 254

131. The English in Delaware 254

132. The English in the Carolinas 256

133. Duke of Albemarle . . 256

134. The Model Government 258

135. Charleston 258

136. The Pine Forest 259

137. Rice, Indigo, and Cotton 260

139. Need of a New Colony 262

140. Oglethorpe 262

141. Savannah 263

142. Making of Silk 264

143. Trouble with the Spaniards 265

144. Slavery 265

Chapter X English America And How It Was Held

145. Early English Settlers kept to the Coast 267

147. Queen Anne's War 270

148. King George's War 271 xii CONTENTS

149. English America at Close of King George's War . . . 274

Industries 275

Slaves 276

Clothing . 276

Heating and Cooking 277

Houses 278

Religion 279

Education 279

150. The French prepare for War 280

151. The English begin to take the Ohio Valley . . . .281

152. The French and Indian War .284

153. Franklin tries to form a Union 286

154. Braddock's Defeat 290

155. Johnson's Victory at Lake George . . . .. . 293

156. Defeat at Ticonderoga 298

157. Battle of Quebec 299

158. Pontiac's War 302

BARNES'S SHORT AMERICAN HISTORY

FOR

INTERMEDIATE GRADES