Mechanical appliances, mechanical movements and novelties of construction; a complete work and a continuation, as a second volume, of the author's book entitled "Mechanical movements, powers and devices" ... including an explanatory chapter on the leading conceptions of perpetual motion existing during the past three centuries

Front matter

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Preface

The many editions through which the first volume of ^'Mechanical Movements" has passed is more than a sufficient encouragement to warrant the publication of a second volume, more special in scope than the first, inasmuch as it deals with the peculiar requirements of various arts and manufactures, and more detailed in its explanations, because of the greater complexity of the machinery selected for illustration. Despite the greater simplicity of the devices which have been pictured and briefly explained in the first volume, the appliances described in this second volume can be just as easily understood, the text having been so worded that no insuperable difficulties are presented to the reader of average mechanical knowledge. More extensive though it may be than ^'Mechanical Movements," the present work by no means exhausts the subject. Many an apparatus has been omitted, either because limitations of space have intervened, or because of the impossibility of securing adequate details of construction. The machines incorporated, however, cover so vast a mechanical field and have been so carefully selected to supply the needs of the student seeking general information, that they will be found fairly representative of the power devices used in old and modern industries. Mechanical intelligence may well be deemed to have found its highest expression in the contrivances that are illustrated and • described in these pages.

Although the author has not the slightest desire to encourage the hopeless pursuit of perpetual motion, he has, nevertheless, thought it advisable to dwell at some length on the exceedingly ingenious means devised by misguided inventors in their endeavors to solve an unsolvable problem. The pages in which perpetual motion machines are described may induce

PREFACE.

those who still believe in reaching this ignis fatuus to bend their energies in causes more worthy of their zeal. Moreover, it may be that some of the mechanical movements which have been evolved by the perpetual motion inventor, although they may not attain the end sought by him, may still be applied with profit to his instruction in true mechanical principles and to avoid the errors committed in the search on the lines of this folly of past centuries. This in itself is a sufficient justification of the insertion in this volume of the section on perpetual motion.

The deeper we delve in the research for novelty and variety in the present field of mechanical design, the more we see the possibilities of human ingenuity. The facility and power of construction shown in the complicated mechanism of the past augur well for the future of inventive genius.

Gardner D. Hiscox.

January, 1914-

Section I. Mechanical Power Lever

Lever in a Draught Equalizer — Timber or Log Grapple — ^Lever Equalizer for Sulky Plows — ^I^ever Equalizer for Three Horses — ^Lever Nippers.

Section II. Transmission Of Power

Universal Screw Driver — Quick Coupling — Transmission of Power by Wire Rope and Anchored Levers — Bag Elevator — Horizontal Conveyor — ^I Beam Trolley — Two Way Conveyor — Rope Tramway Carriage — Friction Pulley — Geared I Beam Trolley — Variable Power and Speed — ^Worm Gear Elevator — Cash Carrier — Variable Speed De\dce — Friction Pulley — ^Panel Clutches — ^\^iscosimeter — ^Positive Combination Clutch — Pneumatic Belt Shipper — ^Acoustic Telephone.

Section III. Measurement Of Po\\ter, Springs

Regisiering Wind Vane — Anemometer — Electric Signal Anemometer — Metallic Thermometer — ^Wind Force Register — Recording Wind Meter — Recording Barometer — Registering Air Thermometer — MetalHc Thermometer — Thermostat — Metallic Thermometer — Maximum and Minimum Recording Thermometer — Sunshine Recording Thermometer — Centrifugal Speed Indicator — Hygroscope — Prony Brake — Transmission Dynamometer — ^Thermohydroscope — Power of Springs — Rectangular Spring — Compound Triangual Spring — Volute or Spiral Spring — Helical Spring — Straight Torsion Spring — ^Helical Torsion Spring — Conical Spiral Torsion Spring — Bolster Springs — Compoimd Bolster Spring.

Section IV. Generation Of Power, Steam

Internally Fired Boiler — Heat Circulation in a Hein Boiler — Down Draught Boiler Furnace — Triplex Boiler — Water Tube Boiler — Vertical Water Tube Boiler — Flash Coil Boiler — Finger Tube Boiler — Duplex Water Tube Boiler — Flash Type Steam Generator — Novel Motor — Solar Caloric Engine — Mouchot's Solar

CONTENTS.

Boiler — Marine Water Tube Boiler — Down Draught Wood-burning Furnace — Gravity Feed Furnace — Traveling Link Grate — Under Feed Furnace — Down Draught Furnace — Annular Steam Blower — Steam Blower — Argand Steam Blower — Coal Dust Feeding Apparatus — Coal Dust Burner — Burner for Auto- Boiler — Automobile Boiler — Oil Fuel Furnace — Oil Fuel Burner — Fuel Oil Burner — Liquid Fuel Burner — Petroleum Fire Grate — Chimney Draught Indicator — Plug for Leaky Boiler Tubes — Safety Plugs for Boilers — Simple Float Steam Trap — Automatic Steam Trap — Float Steam Trap — ^Differential Expansion Steam Trap — Balanced Steam Trap — Return Trap — Automatic Boiler Feeder — Centrifugal Steam Separator — Low Water Alarm — Simple Boiler Feed Device — Feed Water Heater and Purifier — Surface Condenser — ^Novel Surface Condenser — Evaporator.

Section V. Steam Power Appliances

Types of Compound Engines — Triple Expansion Engine — High Speed Vertical Engine — Compound Steam or Air Engine — Triple Expansion Marine Engine — Compound Corliss Engine — Convertible Compound Engine — Novel Three- Cylinder Engine — Revolving Engine — Friction Relief in D Valves — Novel Triple Compound Marine Engine — Types of Slide Valves — Balanced Piston Valve — Tandem Compound Locomotive Cylinders — Balanced Valve for Steam Engine — ^Novel Piston Valve — Automatic Valve Motion — Types of Slide Valves — Concentric Valves, Corliss Type — Oscillating Steam and Exhaust Valve — Riding Cut-off Valve — Types of Slide Valves — Parson's Steam Turbine — Steam Turbine — The Stevens Valve Gear — ^Valve Gear — Corliss Valve Gear — Dashpot for Corliss Engine — Reversing Gear — Flexible Crank for Marine Shafting — Flexible Couplings — Novel Valve Gear — Reversing Gear — Floating Valve Gear — Triple Expansion Valve Gear — Walschaert's Valve Gear — Engine Stopping Mechanism — Shifting Eccentiic — Sector Gear Governor — Dashpot Governor — Centrifugal Governors — Friction Power Controller — Inertia Governor — Fan Governor — Adjustable Governor — Marine Governor — ^Differential Pressure Regulator — Balanced Pressure Regulator — Self-Closing Stop Valve — Reversing Gear— Novel Reducing Valve — Differential Exhaust Valve — Automatic Quick-Closing Valve — Reversible Throttle Valve — Compensating Expansion Joint — Flexible Ball Joint — Balanced Expansion Joint — Universal Flexible Pipe Joint — Cargo Elevator — Factory Heating from Waste Gases — Rotary Engine — Reversible Rotary Engine — Rotary Steam Engine — Pendulum Compound Engine — ^Rotary Piston Engine — Oscillating Rotary Engine — Steam Ram.

Section VI. Explosive Motor Power And Appliances

The Lightest Gasoline Motor — Combined Gasoline and Steam Motor — Two-Cycle Marine Motor — Alco-Vapor Boiler — Kerosene Oil Engine — Gas or Gasoline

CONTENTS.

Engine — Balanced Engine — Gasoline Atomizer and Vaporizer — Soot-Proof Sparking Plug — Ignition Connections — Multiple Cylinder Ignition — Gasoline Motor Starter — Muffler for Explosive Motors — Exhaust Muffler.

Section VII. Hydraulic Power And Appliances

Wave Motors — Fog-Horn Buoy — Oriental Irrigation Works — Valveless Rotary Pump — Rotar}' Pump— Centrifugal Pump — River Motor — Floating Motor for Rivers — W^ater Motor — i,ooo Horse-Power Turbine — Multinozzle Turbine — ■ Valve Movement — Impact Water-Wheel Governor — Double-Ported Nozzle — Flexible Ball Joint — Iron Sluice Gate — Basket Strainer — Double-Beat Flap Valve — Water Still — Water Pressure Regulator — Venturi Tube and Measuring Meter — Hydraulic I^ifting Jack — Uniform Flow of Water — Novel Spraying Nozzle — Hydraulic Press — Hydraulic Punch — Fire Extinguisher — ^Domestic Refrigerator — Counter-Balancing Hydraulic Elevators — Re-enforcing Wells — Siphon Water Ram.

Section VIII. Air-power Motors And Appliances

Pneumatic Ball Puzzle — Pneumatic Disk Puzzle — Pneumatic Fan — The Sirocco Fan Blower — Aerial Top — Pneumatic Grain Elevator — Sand-Blast Apparatus — Sand-Blast Jets — Air-Moistening Apparatus — Magic Ball — Gyrating Balls — Megascope — Pneumatic Moistening Apparatus — The Pantanemone — A Kansas Windmill — Sailing Wagon — Sail-Rigged Merry-go-roimd — Flying Propeller — A Kite without a tail — The Eddy Tailless Kite — Tissandier's Electric Air Ship — Santos-Dumont Air Ship — Giffard's Steam-Propelled Air Ship — Dupuy De I^ome's Air Ship — The Campbell Air Ship — Power Flying Machine — Renard & Krebs Electric Air Ship — Grain-Drying Apparatus — Pneumatic Lift — Air-Operated Hydraulic Crane — ^Valve-Light Ventilator — Fruit-Drying Apparatus.

Section IX. Gas And Air-gas Devices, Etc

Kerosene Portable Forge — ^Producer Gas Generator — Mond Gas Plant — Air and Vapor Gas Generator — Water-Gas Plant — The "Wells Light" — Lucigen Light — Gasoline Torch— Kerosene Soldering Furnace — Kerosene Oil Burner — Kerosene Cook Stove — Kerosene Heater — Gas Gravity Balance — Gas-Fired Limekilns.

lO CONTENTS.

Section X. Electric Power And Devices

Electric Cable-Making Machine — Chloride Accumulator — Electric Wire Insulating Device — Electric Wire Doubling Device — Cable Cover, Braiding Machine — Wire-Covering Machine — Shunt-Wound Dynamo — Shunt Dynamos connected in series — Short and Long Shunt — Separately Excited Dynamo — Compound Wound Dynamos — Multi-Speed Electric Motor — Drum Controller — Commutator Construction — Spring Binding Post — Electric Transformer — Recording Ampere Meter — Novel Arc Lamp — Searchlight Mirror — Electric Engine Stop — Series Arc Lighting Circuit — Rotating Electric Furnace — Electric Blowpipe — Electric Furnace — Tandem Worm-Gear Electric Elevator — Electrically Driven Sewing Machine — Electric Motor Worm-Driven Pump — Electric Incubator — Electrical Soldering Copper — Electric Welding Apparatus — Electric Welding — Electric Revolving Crane — Electro-Magnetic Track Brake — Electro- Magnetic Clutch — ^Wireless Telegraphy — Automatic Trolley-Wheel Guard — Electric I-,ighting System — Electrically Heated Chafing Dish — Vibrating Electric Bell — Printing Telegraph — Electric Fire-Alarm System — Electric Tree-Felling Machine — Electric Trumpet — Electric Blue Print Machine — Demagnetizing a Watch — Electric Curling-Iron Heater.

Section XI. Navigation, Vessels, Marine Appliances, Etc

Curious Boats — Greenland Kayak — Racing Yachts — Ancient Feathering Paddle Wheel — Types of Propellers — Screw Propeller — Sheet Metal Propeller — Feathering Blade Propeller — Twenty-five-Foot Launch — Bicycle Catamaran — Bicycle Gear for a Boat — The Manipede Catamaran — Types of Shallow-Draught- Screw-Propelled Boats — Dirigible Torpedo — Automobile Torpedo — The Holland Submarine Boat — Reversing Clutch — Ice Boat — Submarine Cable Grapnel — Steam Sounding Machine — The Drag Steering Gear — Rope Hitches — Knots and Splices — Bell Buoy — The Whistling Buoy — Lighting Buoy — Fog Whistle — Fish Way — Floating Breakwater — ^Nets and Seines.

Section XII. Road And Vehicle Devices, Etc

Road Grading Wagon — Traction Wheel — ^Dumping Wagon — Differential Speed Gear — Automobile Steering Gear — Ratchet Brake Lever — Automobile Change Speed Gear — Automobile Steam Engine — Types of Motor Bicycles — Steam Surrey — Steam Freight Wagon — Steam Dray — Interchangeable Automobile.

CONTENTS. 1 1

Section XIII. Railway Devices And Appliances, Etc

Block and Interlocking Signals — Railway Signals — Trolley-Car Sander — Locomotive Sander — Multiple Plate Friction Clutch — Types of Trolley-Car Trucks — Types of Rack-railway Locomotives — Fare-Recording Register — Cable Grip — Railway Track Brake — Rolling and Compressing Steel Car Wheels — Reversing Car Seat — Four-Spindle Rail Drill — Crank-Pin Turning Machine — Extension Car Step — Trolley Replacer — Car Coupler — Bulldozer Press.

Section XIV. Gearing And Gear Motion, Etc

Novel Worm Gear — Swash-Plate Gears — Stop-Gear Motion — ^Volute Tappet Gear — Geared Reversing Motion — Elliptic Linkage — Interrupting Cam-Gear Motion — Circular from Reciprocating Motion — Crank Substitute — Sun and Planet Motion — Intermittent Rotary Motion — Friction Gear — Parallelism from Circular Motion — Circularly Vibrating Motion — Differential Speed Gear — Epicyclic Train — Transmission Gear — Variable Speed Friction Gear — Variable Speed Gear — ^Driving Gear for a Lathe — Variable Drive Motion.

Section XV. Motion And Controlling Devices, Etc

Parallel Motion — Three-Point Straight-Line Linkage — The Dead Center Problem — Crank Substitute — Short-Range Walking Beam — -Turning a Square by Circular Motion — Double-Link Universal Joint — Change Speed Pulleys — Multiple- Shaft Driving Device — P^eciprocating with Stop Motion — Reciprocating Motion — Reciprocating Into Rotary Motion without Dead Centers — Right-Angle Coupling — Reversible Friction Ratchet — Friction-Plate Clutch — Friction Clutch — Expanding Wrench or Chuck — Multiple Ball Bearings — Shaft-Thrust Ball Bearings — Bicycle Ball Bearing — Bail-Bearing Castor — Spring Motor — Weight Driven Motor — Swing Motor — Ammonia Compressor — Coin-in-the-Slot Gas Meter — Spiral Fluting Lathe — Pantographic Engraving Machine — Geometrical Boring and Routing Chuck — Rose Lathe — Plantariums — The Phenakistoscope.

Section XVI. Horological Time Devices, Etc

Electric Pendulum — Electric Clock Controller — Repeating Clock Escapement with Electric Pendulum — Electric Ratchet — Solar and Sidereal Clock — Novel Clock — Electrical Correction of Clocks — Long-Distance Telegraph-Clock Correction — Flying-Pendulum Clock — Self- Winding Synchronizing Clock.

12 CONTENTS.

Section XVII. Mining Devices And Appliances

"Mining Lamp — ^Well-Boring Tools — Prospecting Diamond Drill — -Assay Ore Crusher — Ore Roasting Furnace — Magnetic Metal .Separator — Magnetic Separator — Quartz Pulverizer — Ore Washing Tower — Automatic Ore Sampler — Pneumatic Concentrator — Ore Car on a Transfer Truck — Dry Placer Gold Separator — Dry Gold Mining Machine — Gold Amalgamator — Sheave Wheels for Gravity Planes — Briqueting Machine — A Briqueting Plant — Coal-Washing Jig — Propeller Pump Agitator — Coal-Handling Plant — Method of Change Direction.

Section XVIII. Mill And Factory Appliances And Tools, Etc

Machine-Made Chains — Suspending Grip — Universal Dog — Drill Chuck — Brick Clamp — Combination Tools — Easily Made Steam Whistle — Gasoline Heated Soldering Copper — Pulley Balancing Machine — Lubricating Drill — Expanding Drill — Taper Attachment to a Lathe — Taper Turning Attachment — Centering Device for a Drill Press — Boring Elliptic Cylinders — Crane Truck — Centrifugal Separator — Blacksmith Helper — Belt-Driven Forging Hammer — Eye-Bending Machine — Angle Iron Bending Machine — Pipe-Bending Machine — Rolled-Thread-Screw Machine — Power Hack-Saw — Seamless Tube Machine — Metal Band-Saw — Hand-Screw Tire-Setting Machine — Hydraulic Tire- Setting Machine — Automatic Furnace — Gas-Heated Hardening and Tempermg Furnace — Tempering Bath — Down-Draught Gas-Melting Furnace — Oil or Gas Fired Forge — Melting Furnace — Duplex. Melting Furnace — Open Hearth Steel Furnace — Hot-Metal Mixer — Kerosene-Oil Melting Furnace — Petroleum Forge — Petroleum Melting Furnace — Petroleum Fired Reverberatory Furnace — Plate Hardening Machine — Dovetailing Machine — Diamond Millstone-Dressing Machine — File-Cutting Machine — Dovetails — Mortising Dovetail Machine — Bagging and Weighing Scales — Automatic Bagging and Weighing Machine — Turpentine Still — Flour Packer.

Section XIX. Textile And Aianufacturing Devices, Etc

Pattern Burring Machine — Cotton-Seed Hulling Machine — Cotton Bat Compressor and Condenser — Cocoanut-Paring Machine — Flock Grinding Machine — Flax- Scutching Machine — Multiple-Strand Cordage Machine — Paper Enameling Machine- — Cordage-Making Machine — T'hree-strand Cordage Machine — Thirty-two-Strand Cordage Machine — Flocking Machine — Electric Cloth Cutter — Quarter Sawing of Lumber — Evolution of the Lag Screw — Porcelain Molding Machine — Diamond Cutting — Diamond Crusher and Mortar— Diamond Hand Tools and Drills — Combination Press — Artificial Flower-Branching Machine.

CONTENTS. 13

Section XX. Engineering And Construction, Etc

Four-Spool Hoisting Engine — Disintegrator — Foundry Construction — Excavator and Rotary Screen — Universal Pocket Level — ^Adjustable Beam Clamp — Gravity Elevator — Portable Concrete Mixer — Concrete Mixer — ^Trench Brace — Types of Machine-Shop Construction — Wood Preservation Apparatus — Wire- Guy Gripper — Timer Creosoting Apparatus — Electrically Driven Hammer — Duplex Rolling Lift Bridge — Balanced Swing Bridge — Fall Rope Cable Carrier — Crib Dam — Counterbalanced Drawbridge — Earth Embankment — High Structures — Transfer Bridge — Gigantic Wheel — Moving Platform — Traveling Stairway or Ramp.

Section XXI. Miscellaneous Devices

Portable Saw — Stump-Pulling Machine — Motor Roller-Disk Plow — Automobile Plow — Reversible Plow — Tethering Hook — Fountain Wash Boiler — Potato- Washing Machine — Potato-Rasping Machine — Paris Green Duster — Automobile Momng Machine — Modern Two-Horse Mower — Cream Separator — Refrigeration — Model Cold-Storage House — Modern Grain Harvester — Compound Thresher — Refuse Crematory — Conical Charcoal Kiln — Coking Oven — Destructor Furnace — Life-Saving Net — Remington Typewriter — United States Army and Na\'y Guns — United States Magazine Rifle — Breech-Block Mechanism — Magazine Pistol — Artificial Ankle — Artificial Leg.

Section XXII. Draughting Devices

Geometrical Pen — Ellipsograph — The Campylograph.

Section XXIII. Perpetual Motion

Perpetual Motion — The Inventor's Paradox — The Prevailing Type — Marquis of Worcester — Folding-Arm Type — Chain Wheel — Magnetism and Gravity — The Pick-up-Ball Type — The Ball-Carrying Belt — Ferguson's Type to prove its impossibility — Revolving Tubes and Balls — Geared Motive Power — The Differential Hydrostatic Wheel — ^The Lever Type — The Rocking Beam — Tilting Tray and Ball — The Rolling Ring which did not Roll — ^Differential Water Wheel — The Gear Problem — Mercurial Wheel — ^The Air-bag Problem — Air Transfer in Submerged Wheel — Extending weights and water transfer — The

14 CONTENTS.

Sponge Problem of Sir W. Congreve, of Rocket Fame — Transfer of Air — Differential Weight of Balls — Inclined Disk and Balls — Self-Moving Water Power — Chain Pump as Known in 1618 — The Archimedean screw for raising balls — Differential Weight by Flotation — The Flotation Problem — Liquid Transfer — • Chain-Pump Type — Mercurial Displacement in a cistern of water — Air-Buoyed Wheel — ^The Overbalanced Cylinder — The Hydrostatic Weight or differential volume problem — Capillary attraction type — Magnetic Pendulum — Magnetic Wheel — Magnetic Mill of the Middle of the Eighteenth Century — Regenerating Pendulum — Magnetic Wheel — Alternate Magnet Type — Electro-Magnetic Type — Electrical Generation.

Section I. Mechanical Power, Lever

MECHANICAL APPLIANCES

AND

NOVELTIES OF CONSTRUCTION.

Section I.

MECHANICAL POWER, LEVER.

I. LEVER IN A DRAUGHT EQUALIZER for four horses.

This equalizer consists of a doubletree having singletrees, a bar pivoted

at one end to a lateral frame on the pole and connected at its outer end to the doubletree, a crossbar pivoted to the rear end of the pole being connected at one end by a rod connected at its other end to the bar pivoted to the lateral frame on the pole. The singletrees on the opposite side of the pole are pivoted to the end of a bar extending across the pole and pivoted to the crossbar. By this construction the draught of the horses secured to all the singletrees will be equalized, the doubletree on the pole being permitted to have a movement backward and forward on the end of a bar which is free to swing beneath the raised portion of a strap secured to the pole.

i8

MECHANICAL POWER, LEVER.

2. TIMBER OR LOG.

GRAPPLE. A handy device for carrying heavy timbers, joists, railroad ties, telegraph poles, etc.

3. LEVER EQUALIZER FOR SULKY PLOWS. Two jaws, forming a double clevis, attached to the front end of the beam

of the plow, and so arranged that by means of a series of holes in the jaws the plow may be regulated to run at a greater or less depth, and also to cut a furrow of any desired width.

Two levers of different lengths, to which the draught eveners of the team are secured, are pivoted one on either side of the jaws, and are connected by a chain that passes around a sheave secured on the under side of the drawbar. By this means the draught is equalilzed between the two beams. Swinging arms, pivoted to the sides of the beam, sustain the chains and hold them so as to draw straight from the equalizing levers.

4. LEVER EQUALIZER FOR THREE HORSES on single pole. The arms, A C, are fastened to opposite sides of the tongue,

and the pivots in their ends are at equal distances from the tongue. . To the end of the arm, A, is pivoted a d,oubletree, B, to one end of which a singletree, G, is held, and to the opposite end a singletree, F, is held adjustably by a pin passed through one of a series of holes in the end of the doubletree. The doubletree is pivoted about two-fifths of its length from the outer end. To the end of the arm, C, is pivoted a doubletree, D, on the outer end of which a singletree, H, is held by a pin through one of a row of holes. The inner end of this doubletree is connected by loops, E, with the middle of the doubletree, B. The doubletree, D, is pivoted about one-third of its length from its inner end. By means of the holes in the ends of the two doubletrees the leverage can be varied to suit conditions. The direct draught of the tongue is in the center of the two draught points.

MECHANICAL POWER, LEVER.

5. LEVER NIPPERS. A laborsaving device in the hands of the wire worker. Its lever advantage is readily seen by inspection of the detailed parts as a compound lever, which doubles the cutting power of the nippers.

5A. THREE-HORSE EVENER. This three-horse evener differs from the ordinary kind in that the extension parts are used to hitch the third horse in front of the tongue. ■

It is by using the

doubletree for a two-horse team and, in place of the singletrees, use the pieces shown.

Each of these pieces is a little longer than one-half the length of the doubletree. Each piece is fastened to the doubletree in place of a singletree at a point one-third the way from one end. The singletrees are fastened to the short end of the pieces, and the longer ends

of the two are joined with two bars and a clevis which is attached to a chain running on the under side of the tongue. The chain is kept from sagging by several hooks or rings fastened in the wood. This evener prevents the lead horse from pulling the greater part of the load. The engraving shows the under side of the tongue.

Section II. Transmission Of Power

Section II.

TRANSMISSION OF POWER.

6. UNIVERSAL SCREW DRIVER.

The handle has a ratchet socket in which the three-point blade may be inserted for greater power or to accommodate special conditions.

7. A section showing the ratchet and pawl socket for holding the square shank of the blade for corner work.

8. QUICK COUPLING for

sewer rods. Makes a smooth continuous rod that can not uncouple while in use.

9. TRANSMISSION of power by wire rope and anchored levers.

The braced tee pieces A B, with their arms connected with a distant rocker by the wire W W, pivoted to the windmill frame and to the crank rod at A, make a very effective method of operating a pump at a distance. A strong fence wire is sufficient for a house pump and may be supported on rollers for long distances. 23

TRANSMISSION OF POWER.

lo. BAG ELEVATOR. The bags are delivered from a car door on to a grating through which the forked hands of the elevator picks them up and discharges upon an inclined chute grating to slide to a horizontal carrier from which they are deposited at any desired place.

The forked hands are braced loosely to the sprocket chains, which are guided in grooved posts, so that there is no sag to the forks when the load is on.

II. HORIZONTAL CONVEYOR. Receives the bags from the elevator (Fig. lo) and deposits them along a warehouse floor by dumping them off the side at places where the inclined guide board is set.

12. I BEAM TROLLEY. A simple and effective apparatus with a chain tackle for setting heavy work in lathes and moving light articles in shops.

The I beam makes a most convenient outrigger from the front of a warehouse or factory for the transfer of goods to and from trucks.

TRANSMISSION OF POWER.

13. TWO WAY CON- VEYOR. Method by which a rope and disk conveyor can be made to change its direction.

For grain, gravel, sand, clay, and other loose material.

14. ROPE TRAMWAY CAR- RIAGE. Bleichert System. The upper rope is the bearing cable and trolley, the lower one is the hauling rope with the grip device attached to the car frame. The pull of a lanyard starts or stops the car.

15. Shows a side view of the open car frame and grip cam.

16, FRICTION PULLEY. The central hub A, which is keyed to the shaft, is turned up to form a bearing for the pulley and for the

cover B fastened over the circular chamber in the pulley. The gripping dogs or levers C — hung at the ends of the arms on hub A — are finished at one end to fit the friction surface in the pulley chamber. The countershaft is drilled out to receive the hardened rod D, which is connected to the shipper. As the rod is moved in the shaft by the shipper, a double wedge — formed on the rod — forces out the two pins E, and these pins press the gripping levers tight against the friction surface. When the rod is moved in the opposite direction the springs force the pins toward the center and release the levers. A screw plug at the back of the chamber can be removed and the pins E adjusted to give the gripping levers the desired pressure.

17. A section showing the pins and wedge rod.

TRANSMISSION OF POWER.

i8. GEARED I BEAM TROLLEY. Designed for moving heavy articles on overhead I beam railways in factories. The trolley wheels are geared to a driving shaft with sprocket wheel and chain, the lift being an ordinary tackle, not shown.

19. VARIABLE POWER AND SPEED with friction cone pulleys and traversing pulley as applied to a drilling machine. The transmitting roller is pivoted in a frame that slides on a side bar and is clamped by a screw at the position required for the desired speed.

See No. 106, ist vol., for a frictionless form of transmitting roller.

20. WORM GEAR

ELEVATOR. Sprague type. The double worm and gear serves the purpose of balancing the thrust of the driving shaft and is also a means of safety from breakage of teeth. The wear on the worms and gear is also much lessened by their duplication.

TRANSMISSION OF POWER.

21. CASH CARRIER. To the upper surface of the car are secured uprights, in which are joumaled the axles of grooved wheels

running upon the overhead wire or track. In other uprights is held a rod on which are placed two coiled springs, so arranged that the rod acts as a double buffer to the carrier, each of its ends being adapted to strike a stop block, two of which are attached to the wire, one at each end. Near each end of the bar is a pawl, acted upon by a spring which lifts its free end so it will automatically engage with a lip formed on the stop block for holding the car stationary when it reaches either end of its trip. The pawls are disconnected and the car started by means of levers pivoted to the frame and connected with the pawls.

22. VARIABLE SPEED DEVICE. The wheels A and A' are each made up of two disks mounted on a shaft and carrying between

them small toothed pinions, B B B, and B' B' B', which are mounted on roller clutches. The bearings for the pinions are arranged to move radially in the slots shown in the plates, so that the diameter around which the chain must wrap, may be lengthened or shortened at will. If the pinions of one wheel or drum are moved radially outward, those of the mating drum must be moved inward, and vice versa.

The pinions are moved radially by means of two scroll plates for each sprocket, the spiral slots of which engage the bearings of the pinions and move them in the same manner as the jaws of a scroll chuck are operated. The manner in which the scroll plates are turned, to effect changes in diameter of driving and driven gears, is accomplished by the simultaneous moving in or out of two flat racks lying in slots cut in the sprocket shafts.

TRANSMISSION OF POWER.

23. FRICTION PULLEY. The

flange at the left is fast on the shaft, while the flange at the right is loose. On the end of the hub of the latter flange teeth are cut, the surfaces between the teeth being hehcal, as shown. The fixed collar at the right is milled to correspond. The spring secured to the loose flange and the collar is always under tension and tends to rotate the flange in the direction in which the belt travels. As the flange turns on the shaft it is forced against the running pulley and is then turned by the friction until the pulley is clamped fast between the two friction surfaces, when the pulley, flanges, and shaft all rotate together. To release the pulley, the brake — shown just below the right-hand friction disk — is brought against the angular face of the flange. This holds the flange back, but the collar still turns ahead with the shaft, thus removing the end pressure on the friction and releasing the pulley.

24. A section showing the details of construction.

25. PANEL CLUTCHES.

Simpson type. A silent clutch that prevents back movement and takes up a forward motion without the jerk of a ratchet and pawl. Useful on agricultural implements, sewing-machines, etc.

26. The under figure represents a triangular quick-action panel apphed on the same principle as the other against three friction segments. Plan and section.

TRANSMISSION OF POWER.

27. FRICTION PULLEY. Upon the hub of the pulley is keyed a collar with lugs on one side which engage with lugs on the friction disk ; this causes the disk that fits loosely on the hub of the pulley to revolve with the pulley, and at the same time leaves the disk free to vibrate sideways if necessary. The advantage of the disk being loosely connected with the pulley in this manner, will be appreciated in case the pulley should become worn loose on the shaft.