People's history of the United States

Front matter

•^^6* :

,y

O > c-i^C.

Preface

and organized into great States ; the foundations have been laid with seeming security for the greatest nationality in the world. We have made a way for posterity, as our fathers made a way for us.

It is fitting that all this should now come vividly to the recollection of the reader. In the following pages I will endeavor to recite the story of our country in a manner suitable to the close of a great century. It has been my aim to include all the essentials of the narrative, omitting only so much as may be spared without marring the outline of the whole. I do not flatter myself that the work has been perfectly done, but may claim to have spared no effort to make this onevolume .history of our country worthy of the theme and the great public, into whose hands I cordially deliver the result of my labor.

Grccncastlc^ Ind , October. iSg^.

Chapter I. Page

REVELATION OF A NEW WORLD— Mysteries of the Globe— Strange theories of ancient geographers — Probable passage from Europe to America in ancient times — Colonization of the northeast

by Norsemen — Voyages of Leif Erickson — Reckless character of the Norse Sea-rovers — Other traditions of early discovery — Dim conceptions of the earth's sphericity — The theories and experiences of Sir John Mandeville — Tyranny of church and feudalism — Civilization of the Peruvians and Mexicans — Horrible ceremonies of the Aztecs — Whence came the first settlers of America ? — Effects of commerce on civilization — The quest for gold 33-46

Chapter II

THE DISCOVERY IN FACT— Passing of the "Dark Ages"— Fall of feudal institutions— Europe in the fifteenth century -The Spanish realm — Pointers toward discovery — Birth of Christopher Columbus — ^Theories of a spherical world — Training of the Genoese navigator — Sea adventures — Westward ho ! to India — Dreaming with monks and scholastics — Begging in the courts of Europe — Before Ferdinand and Isabella— The fleet of Columbus— Sailing from Palos— Discovery of San Salvador — The Isles of the Antilles — Results of first voj-age — The hero's return to Spain — A second voyage — Further adventures, discoveries, and colonization — The hero again in Spain — Jealousies and persecutions — The third voyage— Departed glory — Carried home in chains — Fourth and last voyage- Death of Columbus — Voyages and discoveries of Amerigo Vespucci — Naming the " New World " Balboa discovers the Pacific Ocean — Adventures of Ponce de Leon — ^The *' Land of Flowers " — The "Fountain of Youth " — Cordova in Yucatan — Cortez in Mexico — Fall of the Aztecs — Magellan sails into the Pacific — First circumnavigation of the globe — Adventures of De Soto— Discovery of the Mississippi — A grave in the " Father of Waters " — Melendez founds St. Augustine — The Portuguese rivals in America

47-66

Chapter III

THE CABOTS AND THEIR FOLLOWERS— Immediate effects of the Columbian discovery— Discovery of North America bv Cabot — A second voyage — Discoveries of Sebastian Cabot — Land of the mid= night sun — The rights of first view — Illiberality of Henry VII. — Da Gama discovers a sea route to India— Interference of the Pope— England's divorce from Rome — Adventures of the English gold hunters — The piracies of Drake — Fatal voyage of Sir Humphre}' Gilbert — Sir Walter Raleigh in America — Founding of the first settlement — Conflict with the natives — Cruelty of the English — Massacre of the English at Roanoke— Birth of the first white child — Political dissensions in England — Gosnold's efforts to settle New England — Discoveries and colonization 67-S2

Chapter IV

VOYAGES OF THE FRENCH AND DUTCH— The country of New France— Discoveries of Cartier— Kidnapping the King of the Hurons — .A colony- of desperate criminals — Roberval's search for a northwest passage — .\n asylum for persecuted Huguenots — A dreadful vengeance — First French settlement in America — The country of Acadia — Voyages of Henry Hudson S3-92

24 CONTEXTS.

CHAITER V.

PAca

ENGLISH COLONIZATION— Fortunate locations of the English— The London Company— Captain John Smith— Story of the Hnglish Puritans— Voyaxe of the Mayflower— Landing of the Pilgrim Fathers — Sorrowful famine sixmk-s — liarly settlements in New England — Roger Williams, the liberal religionist — His influence with the Indians — Rivalrj' between Protestants and Catholics — Sir George Calvert, Lord Baltimore - Settlement of Maryland — Colonization of North Carolina — Founding of Charleston — First settlement in New Jersey — William Penn — Policy of the Quakers — Penn in council with the Indians — The rapid building of Philadelphia — Savannah founded as an asylum for the poor . . 93-111

CHAPTER VL VIRGINIA — Sftllemjiit of Jamestown — The courageous and adventurous character of Captain John Smith —Introduction of negro slavery — Importation of wives for the settlers — Revolt against Berkeley — Outrages of a profligate monarch — Bacon's rebellion — The first college in America 112-117

CHAPTER VII.

MASSACHUSETTS — Captain Miles Standish in New England — Treachery of the Indians — The bigotry and intolerance of the Puritans — Founding of a woman's republic — Setting up the printing press — Confederacy of the colonies — Persecution of the Quakers — The two regicides — King Philip's war — The siege of Brookfield— The fight at Swansea Church — A memorable battle — Rebellion against Andros— Dreadful episodes of the Indian wars — Destruction of .Schenectady — Appalling outrages committed by Indians— The terriljle experience of Mrs. Dustin in captivity— How she killed ten of her captors— 'Hie mas.s;icre at Ueerfield — The Salem witchcraft delusion— War of the Spanish Kticcession 11S-133

CHAPTER VIII.

NEW NETHERLAND— The Dutch Puritans— Conflict between the Swedes and Dutch— Invasion of New Sweden by Sluyvesant — The Dutch con(|uered by the English — Tyranny of James II. — Rebellion and piracy — Queen Anne's war — The negro riots •34~i39

CHAPTER IX.

MINOR COLONIES AND THE PEQUOD WAR— Burning of an Indian village— The captives sold into slavery— The Bible as the Constitution of the State — Theft of the charter — Resistance to Governor Fletcher — Founding of Yale College — An experimental theocracy in .America — The parliamentary patent — Prosperity attends the colony in Maryland — Wars between Catholics and Protestants — Distractions and oppressions — Civil and religious rights in the Carolinas 140-147

Book Second. Epoch Of Independence

CHAPTER X.

THE OLD THIRTEEN — I'irst attempts at colonial union — Beginning of .\mcrican Independence— Population of the colonial State-;— Persecution of the Moravians — Society in the States— Educational advantages — The log school house and the screw printing press — Means of travel and communication 148-155

CHAPTER XI.

THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR— Conflicting territorial claims— French missionaries— Explorations of La Salle — His assassination — Jealousies between France and England — The issues of war — George Washington's mission— .\ remarkable journey— The founding of Pittsburgh— Beginning of the conflict- Washington attacks the French — .\n American union proposed — Battle before Du Quesne — Death of Braddock — A bloodv defeat — Kxile of the Acadians — The attack on Port Edward — Siege of William Henry- Capture of Louisburg — .Assault on Ticonderoga— Exploit of flajor Strabo — Capture of Niagara— Battle of Quebec— Death of Wolf and Montcalm— Pontiac's conspiracy— Eff'ect of the French and Indian war 156-177

CONTENTS. 25

CHAPTER XII.

PAGE CAUSES OF THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE— A remarkable change of political feeling— Arbitrary claims of Great Britain — The foreshadowing of Rebellion — Political character of George III. — Specific complaints against England — -Taxation without representation — Excitement produced by the Stamp Act— The British ministry — The torch of rebellion lighted — The fiery speech of Patrick Henry — Assembling of the first colonial congress — Imposition of other oppressive duties — The Boston mas^ sacre— A violent resentment of the tea tax — Suspension of commercial intercourse with England . . 17S-18S

CHAPTER XIII.

FROM CONCORD TO QUEBEC— The ride of Paul Revere— First volley of the Revolution— Battle of Concord — The capture of Ticonderoga — Battle of Bunker Hill — The fires of patriotism blaze up on a thousand hills — Washington appointed to command the American army — Activity of the patriots — Assault on Montreal —Wounding of Arnold 189-195

CHAPTER XIV.

THE YEAR OF INDEPENDENCE— Attempt to drive Howe out of Boston— Anniversary of the Boston massacre — Evacuation of Boston — The conflict begins in other sections — Siege of Charleston — Dawn of independence — Principles of the declaration — Thomas Paine's patriotic services — England tries to conciliate the Americans — Battle of Long Island — Dark prospects following defeat — Discouragements of the American cause — Capture of the Hessians 196-205

CHAPTER XV.

PROGRESS OF THE REVOLUTION— Critical position of Washington— Washington outgenerals Cornwallis — Battle of Princeton — A series of engagements — Tryon's invasion of Connecticut — Exploit of Benedict Arnold — Sj-mpathy of France — Secret help of the French people — The Marquis of Lafayette — The capture of General Prescott — Battle of Bennington — A remarkable stratagem — ■ Defeat and capture of Burgoyne — The captive is hospitably entertained — Battle of the Brandywine — The fight for Germantown — Attack on Chew's house — Sufferings at Valley Forge — Franklin negotiates an alliance with France — In hot pursuit of the British — Battle of Monmouth — Outrages of Guerillas and Indians— Heroic acts of the Bradys— The valorous deeds of the Wetzel brothers — Some marvelous adventures— Reverses to the American cause— Battle at Brier Creek— Unsuccessful attack on Savannah — Heroism of Paul Jones — Naval Battle between the Serapis and Bon Homme Richard 206-227

CHAPTER XVI.

WESTERN EPISODES OF THE WAR— Exploits of Daniel Boone- Colonization of Kentucky— Fort Boonesborough — Boone's captivity and escape — The new State of Kentucky — Boone's international fame — George Rogers Clarke and the Northwest Empire — British and French ambitions — Clarke captures the British strongholds — The French alliances — Taking of Vincennes — Full occupancy of the northwest — Celebrated ordinance of 17S7 — Clarke's resting-place 228-235

CHAPTER XVIL

AMERICA WINS THE BATTLE— The siege of Charieston— Depredations of Tarieton— Bravery of Francis Marion— Death of Baron de Kalb— Battle of King's Mountain— The treason of Arnold- Capture and execution of Andre — Execution of mutineers — Career of Arnold as a British officer — A girl attempts to kill him— Battle of Cowpens— Defeat at Guilford Courthouse— Battle of Eutavir Springs — The intrepidity of Wayne — Campaign against Cornwallis — Siege of Yorktown — Surrender of Cornwallis — Demonstrations of joy — England acknowledges American independence — Evacuation of New York — Concluding scenes of the war — Washington's farewell — His address before Congress 236-252

CHAPTER XVIII.

THE CONFEDERATION— Powers of Congress— Trials that confronted the new government— The war

debt — Territory of the great west — Adoption of the dollar and its decimal 253-257

36 COXTKXTS.

Book Third. Epoch Of Nationality

CHAPTER XIX.

PAGB

THE NEW CONSTITUTION — I"ailure of the Articles of Confederation — The constitutional convention — The question at issue — Birth of political parties in America— Patriotic suspicious — Obstinacy of certain States — A digest of the coiistitiilion — A criticism of the constitution — Criticism of the congressional sjstem — Election of the first President • . . . 258-264

CHAPTER XX.

FIRST THREE ADMINISTRATIONS— The inauguration of Washington— Embarrassments of the government-Antagonism between Jefferson and Hamilton— First acts of Congress — (Questions of etiquette — The burden of a national debt — The financial genius of Hamilton — A war with the Miami Indians — Disastrous defeat of General Harmer — I'atal rout of General St. Clair — Indignation of Washington— Daniel Boone on the dark and bloody ground — Troubles of the second administration — Political dissensions in the caljinct — The whisky insurrection — Wayne's victory over the Indians— Washington assailed by incendiary slanders — The Algerine Pirates— Washington's farewell address — ^John Adams, tile second President — War with I'rance — Naval duel between the Constellation and Insurgent — Napoleon's friendship for America — Death of Washington — Peace and prosperity— The sedition and alien law — Character of Jefferson — The Louisiana purchase — Results accomplished by the Jefferson administration — War with the Barbary States — Duel between Burr and Hamilton — Burr's scheme to make himself a dictator — America suffers between cross-fires— Right of search and seizure — Robert pulton's steamboat 265-292

CHAPTER XXI.

SECOND WAR WITH ENQLAND—James Madison — Free trade and sailors' rights— Harrison's victory over Tecumtha — Conjurations of a prophet — First gun of the war of 1S12 — Shameful .surrender of Hull — Ivngagenient between the Constitution and Guerriere — Capture of the Frolic — Gtlier battles on the high seas— Expedition against Canada — Defeat and massacre at Raisin River— Gallant defence of Fort Stephenson — Perry's victory on Lake F^rie — Defeat and death of Tecumtha — ^Jackson's campaigns against the Indians — A mutinous spirit quelled — Capture of Toronto— Battle between the Chesapeake and Shannon — Bloody Lundy's Lane — Defeat of the British— Capture and burning of Washington — Hombardtnent of F'ort McHenry — Political dissensions- Battle Of New Orleans — Engagements on the seas — A treaty of peace — Effects of the war — Founding of a negro free state 293-308

CHAPTER XXII.

MIDDLE AGES OF THE UNITED STATES— Administration of James Monroe— Trouble with Hayti — Revival of Buccaneering — Ctmtention between Democrats and I'cderalists— Suppression of the Seminoles — The intrepidity of Jackson — Money crisis of 1S19 — The Missouri compromise — Destruction of the West Indian Pirates — The Monroe doctrine — Visit of Lafayette — Career of J. Q. Adams — Difficulties over Indian Titles — Death of Jefferson and Adams — The Masonic excitement — The tariff question — Adoption of the system of protection — Other issues before the nation— Jackson the military hero — His election to the Presidency — The Jackson administration — Threatened .secession of South Carolina— War with the Chcrokees and Creeks— A bloody massacre— Bank of the United States — .\ financial panic — President Jackson's farewell — F'inancial Crisis of 1837 — Independent treasury bill — Complications with Canada — FHection of Harrison — Ilisadniinistr.ition — His death, and accession of Tyler — The Webster-.\shburton treaty — Dedication of Bunker Hill monument— The anti-rent ])arty — Rise of the Monuons — Killing of the Smiths 309~334

CHAPTER XXIII.

AVAR WITH HEXICO-The Republic of Texas— Remember the Alamo ! -Annexation of Texas— The campaign of 1S44 — First use of the telegraph — Questions which led to the war with Mexico — Beginning of hostilities — Death of Major Ringgold — Preparations for the struggle — Storming of

CONTENTS. 27

PAGE

rionterey — Conquest of California — Bombardment of Vera Cruz — March of the victorious army — Battle of Cerro Gordo— Storming the heights of Chapultepec — A campaign of unexampled brilliancy — Attack on the American hospital — Closing strokes of the war — Settlement of the boundary dispute — Discovery of gold in California — Excitement caused b^- Sutter's find — Birth of the free-soil party — The slavery question again agitated— Henry Clay's omnibus bill 335-352

CHAPTER XXIV.

THE FILLHORE ADMINISTRATION— Compromise acts of iS5o-Effect on the Whig Party— Filibus=

ters in Cuba — The Newfoundland fisherj- dispute — Kossuth, the Hungarian patriot — North Pole expeditions — Everett's reph- to England — Election of Pierce — Pacific railway project — Perry's expedition to Japan — Walker's raid in Nicaragua — An extradition dispute — Question of annexing Cuba — Efforts to extend slavery — Border warfare— Bitter campaign of 1S56 — The Dred Scott decision — Johnston's campaign against the Mormons — Laying of the ocean cable 353-362

Book Fourth. Epoch Of War And Greatness

CHAPTER XXV.

ANTECEDENTS OF THE CIVIL WAR— The great tragedy of American history— The capture and execution of John Brown — The convention of 1S60 — Anger of the South over Lincoln's election — The Secession of South Carolina — Disunion spreads apace — Formation of a new Confederacy — Seizure of public property in the South — Close of Buchanan's administration — Abraham Lincoln — Siege and capture of Fort Sumter — First blood shed in the great civil war — The question of difference between South and North — Construction of the Constitution by disunionists — Slave ownership and what it involved — The tariff chosen between agriculture and manufacture — Effects of sectional literature 363-377

CHAPTER XXVL

BEQINNINQ OF THE CONFLICT— The uprising in the North— Events in the Shenandoah Valley- First battle of Bull Run — Defeat of the LTnion forces — Operations in the West — Death of General L)'on — Battle of Belmont — The defences of Washington — Seizure of Mason and Slidell — Capture of Forts Henr)' and Donelson — The battle shock at Shiloh — Evacuation of Columbus — Duel between the Merrimac and Monitor — Capture of New Orleans — Battles of luka and Corinth — Defeat of Sher= man — Battle of Murfreesborough — On to Richmond — Appointment of General Lee as commander of the Confederate Army — Desperate fighting before Richmond — Terrible loss of life — Battle of Antietam — .'Vnother advance on Richmond — Battle of Fredericksburg 378-398

CHAPTER XXVII.

DECLINE AND OVERTHROW OF THE CONFEDERACY— Additional calls for troops— Emancipation proclamation — Operations for the reduction of Vicksburg — The Confederates driven inside their defences— Surrender of Vicksburg— Cavalry raids— Battle of Chickamauga— Battles of Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge — Invasion of Missouri — Quantrell's raid — Attack on Charleston — Death of Stonewall Jackson — Battle of Chancellorsville — Invasion of Pennsylvania — Battle of Gettysburg — Riots following the Conscription Act — Raids of General Forrest — Disastrous results of the Red River expedition— Sherman's march to the sea — Defeat of Hood and capture of Atlanta — The trail of destruction — Capture of Charleston — Closing battles of the war — Carolina raids — Farragut before Mobile — Bombardment of Fort Fisher— Damages inflicted by the Privateers — Sinking of the Alabama by the Kearsarge — Battles of the Wilderness — Before the outposts of Richmond — Battle of Winchester — Capture of Petersburg — Retreat of Lee's army — Surrender of Lee — Capture of Davis — Closing events of the war — Financial measures to meet the expenses of the war — The National Bank Act — Patriotic utterances of Lincoln — His second inauguration — Assassination of Lincoln — Universal grief of the nation — Accession of* Andrew Johnson — The Amnesty proclamatiou — Execution of Maximilian — Laying of the Atlantic Cable — Purchase of Alaska 399-449

2S CONTEXTS.

CHAPTER XXVIII.

PAGE PERIOD OF RECONSTRUCTION— Setting up of provisional governments — A second .'.nincsty proclamation — National peace convention — Amendments to the Constitution — Impeachment trial of Johnson — I-;iection of Grant — Hlack Friday — Settlement of the Alabama claims — The burning of Chicago — Trouliles arising from carix.-t-l)ag rule — Defeat of Greeley — The riodoc Indian war — The Credit Mobilier scandal — Transcontinental railway lines — Death's harvest amonjf the great — The Centennial Exposition — The Sioux war — The Presidential election of 1.S76 — The Joint High Commission—Happy passage of a great crisis 441-457

CHAPTER XXIX.

PERIOD OF RECOVERY— .Administration of President Hayes— The great railroad strike— War with the Niz Perces Indians — Demonetization of silver — Tlie Resumption .\ct — The yellow fever plague — The fishery dispute — Life-saving service — Specie resumption — The campaign of iSSo — Refunding the National debt— Grant's tour around the world -The decennial census— Life of Garfield— Civil service reform — .\ disruption in the party— Stalwarts and half-bree<ls — Assassination of Garfield — Trial and execution of Guiteau — Succession of .\rthur — The Star Route Scandal — Great inventions — The telephone, phonograph and electric light — Edison, the wizard — Great Teats of engineering — The tariff question— Both sides presented — The prohibitory tariff— President! d campaign of 1.SS4 — Dedication of the Washington monument 458-483

CHAPTER XXX.

THE DEMOCRATIC RESTORATION— Election of Cleveland -Vain effort to introduce civil service reform — Memorial literature of the war — Death of Gen. Grant — Demise of other eminent men — The United States Supreme Court — Roscoe Conkling — Organization of latior — Anarchy in Chicago — The Charleston earthquake— The pension list— The Inter-State Commerce Bill— Issues of the campaign of 1888 — Election of Benjamin IIarri.son 484-499

CHAPTER XXXI.

HARRISON'S ADHINISTRATION -Epochs in our national life— Celebrating the institution of the Republic— Grand civic display — Threatened war between Germany and .America — The Johnstown flood— Assembling of the Pan-Am.^rican Congres,s — Renewal of the tariff dispute — The McKinley Bill — Excitement over the ruling.-; of Speaker Reed — The silver question — Eleventh census — New Orleans riot — Threatened war with Chili — A serious situation— MunUrous a.ssault on the crew of the Baltimore— Chili apologizes- The tariff in the courts— The campaign of 1892— Platforms, candidates and is.sues — XL,- strikes of l'*92 — Second election of Clevelai;.! — The World's Columbian Exposition — Organizati..i . of the Exposition — Celebrating the di.scovery in other countries— Site, plan, size and cost of .ilxpo.sition buildings — Dedicatoi-j- ceremonies at New York — Unveiling the Columbus Monument — Dedicatory ceremo'-.ies at Chicago — The mammoth parade — Ceremonies at the Fair grounds 500-540

CHAPTER XXXII.

CLEVELAND'S SECOND ADMINISTRATION-World's Columbian Expo^>tl0^— The Ic.iding exhibits— The Viking ship— I'leet of Columbus — The Krupp cannon — Fine Art.- display— The last of the White City— The Cherokee Strip— Silver and tariff legislation— The Wi. son bill— Industrial and business depression — The Hawaiian complications — The Behriug Sea probieui — The strikes of 1894 — Parkhurst and reform— The illustrious dead — The completed story 541-558

LMIS5WFIO

PAGE

Emblems of discovery and planting 33

Arabic Conception of sea-hunting monsters ... 35

Norsemen on the coast of America 36

Killing of Thorwald 37

A Norse sea-king 38

Map of Vinland 40

Aztecs sacrificing to the sun 43

Aztec calendar stone 44

A Phoenician ship 46

Emblems of Columbian discovery 47

Columbus, from a painting ordered by Isabella . . 48

Columbus, after Capriola, Rome, 1596 48

Dream visions of inspiration 49

Archbishop Mendoza introducing Columbus to

Ferdinand 50

Reception of Columbus by Ferdinand and Isabella 51

The fleet of Columbus 52

Landing on the shores of San Salvador 53

Landing at St. Nicholas Harbor, Hayti ... 54

Columbus knocking down an insolent mutineer . 55

Columbus sent to Spain in chains 56

Death of Columbus 57

Columbus Monument, near Palos 58

Balboa claiming possession of the Pacific .... 59

Florida Indians attacking Spaniards 60

Hernando Cortez 61

Death of Montezuma 62

Death of Magellan 63

De Soto landing his forces in Florida ...... 64

Route of De Soto's expedition 65

John Cabot landing on the shores of Labrador . . 68

The fleet of Frobisher 71

Crowning of Drake as king of California .... 73

Queen Elizabeth 74

Ruins of the English settlement at Roanoke . . 76

Massacre of settlers at Roanoke 77

Baptism of Virginia Dare, first white child born

in America . . 79

Capture of English supply ships by Spanish

cruisers 80

Cartier on the summit of Mont Real (Montreal) . 84

Cartier enticing the king of the Hurons 85

Roberval's search for a northwest passage .... 86 De Gourges avenging the murder of the Huguenots ... 88

Dining room of French colonists at Port Royal . 90

The Half-Moon on the Hudson 92

Captain John Smith 94

Departure of the Puritans 96

Signing the compact 97

Dealing out the five kernels of corn 98

Map of early New England settlements 99

Roger Williams at the council of Canonicus . . . 100

Roger Williams among the Indians 102

Sir George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) 103

Leonard Calvert planting the first Maryland

colony 104

PAGE

I\Iap of the Atlantic coast settlements 106

Map of the Jersey settlements 107

William Penn loS

Map of Philadelphia and vicinity no

James Oglethorpe in

Map of the Chesapeake 113

Importation of wives for the Jamestown settlers . 1 14

The war-ship G';/z>/£'(7 enforcing submission ... 115

Samoset welcoming the English ng

Treaty between Governor Carver and Massasoit . 1 19

A scold gagged 121

The first printing press brought to America ... 122

First church erected in Hartford, Conn 123

First scene of King Philip's war 123

Second scene of King Philip's war 124

Third scene of King Philip's war 124

The fight at Swansea church 125

Indian attack on Brookfield 126

Destruction of Schenectady 127

Mr. Dustiu covering the retreat of his children . 129

Mrs. Dustin killing her captors 130

The old witch house, Salem, Mass 131

Trial of a witch at Salem 132

Peter Stuyvesant 135

Queen Anne 139

Scene of the Pequod war . .... .... 140

Captain Mason firing the Indian village 141

The younger Winthrop 141

The voice of usurpation drowned by drum-beats . 142

Trainiug-da)' in the olden time 145

Persecution of the Mora%-ians 150

A primitive New England school 152

Printing the Boston News-Letter 153

Fathers Joliet and Marquette descending the Mississippi . . • 157

La Salle and companions on the Mississippi . . . 158

Assassination of La Salle 159

Chief Half-King treating with the English ... 160

Washington fired at by a savage 161

Washington attacking the French encampment . 162

Battle-ground of French and Indian wars, 1755 . 164

Scene of Braddock's defeat, 1755 165

Death of Braddock 166

Isthmus of Acadia 167

Exile of Acadians from Grand Prd 167

Siege of Fort William Henry . . . • 169

Siege of Louisburg, 1745 170

Ruins of Ticonderoga 170

Wonderful exploit of Major Strabo 171

Bloody Run 172

General James Wolfe 173

Vicinity of Quebec, 1759 173

The death of General Wolfe 175

Ojibway maiden exposing the conspiracy .... 176

King George III ' 181

Benjamin Franklin 183

Procession in New York in opposition to Stamp Act 1S4

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

Patrick Henry addressing the Virginia Assembly . 185

Samuel Adams . . . . ' 188

I'aul Revere spreading the alarm 190

General Nathaniel Greene 190

Kthan Allen demanding the surrender of Ticon-

deroga . ■ 191

Vicinity of Lake George igi

Plan of battle of lUinkcr Hill 182

Closing charge at Hunker Hill 193

(ieorge Washington 194

Attack on Quebec and death of Montgomery . . 195

Siege of Boston, 1776 196

Siege of Charleston 197

The attack on Fort Moultrie 19S

Thomas Jefferson 199

Adoption of the Declaration of Independence . 200

Plan of the battle of Long Islanil 202

Scene of operations about New York, 1776 . . . 203

Plan of battles of Princeton and Trenton .... 205

The death of General Mercer 207

Exploit of Benedict Arnold 208

Place of the barricade 209

Marquis de Lafayette 210

Capture of General Prescott 211

Bennington battle-ground 212

The alarm at I'ort Schuyler 212

Burgoyne's camp on the Hudson 213

Scene of Burgoyne's Invasion 213

Surrender of Burgoyiie 214

Gates' headquarters and scene of Banquet . . . 215

Battle of Germantown — The Chew liou.se. . . . 216

Encarapnicnt at Valley Forge 217

In camp at Valley Forge 218

The American cavalry charge at Monmouth . . . 220

The death of James Brady 222

The escape of I.^wis Wetzel 223

Defeat of the Americans at Brier Creek 225

Paul Jones boarding the Serapis 226

Washington's headquarters at Morristown . . . 227

Daniel Boone 229

Capture of Boone 230

E-scape of Boone 231

Scene of operations in the South, 1780-S1 .... 237

Rendezvous of Marion and his men 2jS

Scene of Arnold's treason, 1780 239

Capture of M.ijor Andri 240

Sergeant Champe's departure 242

A patriot girl's attempt on Arnold's life 243

Charge of the Americans under Greene 246

Siege of Yorktown ... 247

.■\mcricans c.-xpturing a redoubt at Yorktown . . . 248

Surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown 248

Washington bidding farewell to his generals . . 251 American generals of the Revolution and war of

John .\dams 264

Washington taking the oath as President .... 266

Washington and his Cabinet 267

General Harnier defeated by the Indians .... 269

Surprise of General St. Clair 270

Washington receiving the report of St. Clair's

defeat 271

Capture of the whisky tax collectois 274

Eng igement of the Constellation and Insurgent . 27.8

Jefferson goini; to the inauguration 2.83

Chief Justice Marshall 2S6

Duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron

Burr 2S8

Robert Fulton 291

James Madison 293

Elkswatawa trying to conjure General Harrison . 294

PAGE

Scene of Hull's campaign, 1S12 296

Capture of tlie Frolic 297

Fort Meigs 29)5

Commodore Perry leaving his flag-ship for the

Niagara 299

Scene of the Creek war. 1813-14 300

Defeat of Indians at Tallapoosa 300

Engagement between the Chesapeake and Shannon 302

.\ttack on Oswego 303

Battle of New Orleans 307

Confirming a treaty between whites and Indians . 310

Death of General Thompson 324

View of Salt Lake City 333

Meeting place of the first Texan Congress . . . 336

Capture of a Mexican battery by Captain May . 339

Pathetic incident at battle of Monterey . . . . 341 Fremont hoisting the .\mericau flag on highest

peak of the Rocky Mountains 342

Escape of Santa .\nna at Cerro Gordo 344

Storming of Chapultepec 346

San Francisco in 1849 34S