The gentleman's house; or, How to plan English residences, from the parsonage to the palace; with tables of accommodation and cost, and a series of selected plans

Front matter

OR,

HOW TO PLAN ENGLISH RESIDENCES

FROM THE PARSONAGE TO THE PALACE;

Preface To The First Edition

The purpose of the present treatise is to set forth a systematic exposition of those details of arrangement which make up the plan of a “ Gentleman’s House,” — a convenient and comfortable English Residence of the better sort, on whatever scale.

Other departments of the Architect’s practice may offer more to his ambition as an artist or a man of science, but there is none which has higher claims upon him as a useful servant of the public than the design of Domestic Plan. Any endeavour, therefore, to treat this subject thoroughly will be received, no doubt, with every indulgence.

It may be thought somewhat remarkable that the subject should not have been already exhausted ; for it is well known that there are few good things so good — and therefore so well worth describing — as a good English house ; but it is still more singular that no book whatever appears to have been published from which we can obtain, with regard to Domestic Plan (except indirectly, as in the writings of the indefatigable Loudon), even matter for suggestion and inquiry, far less authority for reference.

The author consequently has to submit the present work as one in which compilation has yielded him scarcely any aid, but which has been founded rather upon the experience of practice, and the study of years, directed to all examples, good or bad, which have come within his reach.

The intricacy and extent which the inquiry assumes, when one attempts to deal with it in any degree exhaustively, will become apparent to the reader by a glance over the items of

VI

PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION.

the Index ; and how much has to be said upon many of these items may be perceived by noting the length of certain of the chapters. If the reader should experience surprise in either or both of these respects, the author has only to say that in commencing to write he himself did not expect either index or chapters to be s&long.

London , November , 1864.

Index

Prefatory Notice .. .. .. .. .. .. iii

Preface to the First Edition .. .. .. .. v

Part First

A Sketch of the Histoky and Development of Domestic Plan in England.

CHAT.

I. — Programme :

Purpose of the inquiry, 1 ; National peculiarities of domestic plan, 1 ; General history of plan in Europe, 1 ; The English system, 2.

II. — Eleventh Century — Saxon:

Building amongst the Gothic nations, 3 ; Primitive type of their Dwellings contrasted with the Roman type, 3 ; The Saxon Hall, 4 ; The Chamber, 5 ; Royal Houses, with Chapel and Offices, 5 ; Saxon Castles, 6.

III. — Eleventh Century — Norman :

Origin of the Anglo-Norman Castle, 7 ; Two periods, 7 ; The first period in its inferior examples, 8 ; Castleton (Plate I.) , 9 ; Superior examples, 11; The Tower of London (Plate II.), 12.

I V. — Twelfth Century :

Monastic Buildings, 12; Castle Acre Priory (PJate III ), 13; Further development of the Castle, 14 ; Castle Rising (Plate IV.) 14 ; Condition of the Towns , 16; Manor-houses and Granges, 17; Necham's account, — Hall, Chamber or Solar, Kitchen, Larder , Sewery, and Cellar, 18; General arrangement of plan, 18; The King's Houses, 18; Remains, 19.

Y. — Thirteenth Century :

Works of the Clergy, 19 ; Progress of Manor-houses, and their preference over the Castles, 20 ; The Royal Manor-houses, 20 ; Additional Offices, — the Buttery, Pantry, Chandlery, Wine and Beer Cellars, &c., and Wardrobe, 20 ; Subsidiary Chambers, 21 ; Freeman tie and Woolmer, 21 ; Toddington, 22 ; “ Bedchambers ,” 22 ; Castles modified on the Manor-house principle, 23 ; Edwardian Castles, 23 ; Detail arrangements of the period, structural and domestic, 24 ; Remains, 25 ; Charney Bassett (Plate IV.), 25 ; Little Wenham Hall, 26.

VI. — Fourteenth Century:

Privacy introduced, — the Priest's Chamber; the Queen's Chamber, 26 ; Other tests of Progress : augmented accommodation and improved arrangement, 28 ; The Great Hall in its perfection, 28 ; Quadrangular Manor-house of the period, and its improved accommodation : Chapel and Chapel Chamber, Family Parlour or Withdrawing-room, Second Parlour, Lady’s Chamber or Bower, Banqueting Hall, improved Stairs, Wardrobes, Bath-room, Garden, 29 ; Bedchambers fully introduced, 30 ; Convenience not keeping pace, 31 ; Remains, 32: Wolterton, 32; Kenilworth (Plate V.), 32.

INDEX, PART FIRST.

viii

CHAP.

VII. — Fifteenth Century :

Transitional character of the time, and its effect on plan, 33; The Common Hall in decadence, 34 ; Improvements in Sleeping-accommodation, 34 ; Supplementary additions ; Ewelme Inventory ; Ewery and Cupboard, 35 ; Chamber of Pleasaunce, 35 ; Scullery, Butler s Pantry, Bakehouse and Brewhouse , Stables and Stable- Yard, 36 ; Half-sunk Basement, 36; Wolterton Manor-house (Plate VI.); Oxburgh Hall (Plate VII.) ; Quadrangular plan without Corridors, 36 ; Remains, 36 ; Corresponding improvement in Town-Houses, &c., 37.

VIII.— Sixteenth Century:

The Tudor period ; historical features, 37 ; Diminution of the number of retainers, increased hospitality, &c. ; and further decline of the Hall, 38 ; Dining Chamber, Servants' Hall, and Entrance Hall, 38 ; Boudoir, Summer and Winter Parlours, increase of Bedchambers, 38 ; Corridors, Gallery, and Staircase, 39 ; Hengrave Hall (Plate VIII.), 39 ; Hatfield House (Plate IX.), 40 ; The manner of John Thorpe, 41 ; Remains, 41.

IX. — Seventeenth Century :

Introduction of Palladian Architecture, corresponding revolution in domestic plan, and introduction of the Italian Villa, 42 ; Basement Offices, Saloon, Portico, Symmetrical partitionment, &c., 42 ; Derivation from the ancient Roman manner, 43 ; Stoke Park and Ambresbury (Plate X.), 43 ; Sacrifice of convenience to grandiose effect, 44 ; The Puritan times, 44 ; Marlborough House (Plate XI.), 44 ; Preservation of the Elizabethan manner in the old houses, 44.

X. — Eighteenth Century :

Continuance of Anglo-Palladian plan, 45 ; Blenheim (Plate XII.), 46 ; Holkham (Plate XIII. , 46; Hall and Saloon; Ground-floor Bedchambers, &c., 47 ; Reference to other examples, and general characteristics, 47 ; Review of progress under Palladianism unsatisfactory, 47 ; Advancement, however, of accommodation to the complete modern standard, — Dining-room, Drawingroom, Library, &c. &c. &c., 48.

XI. — Nineteenth Century :

A new era in domestic plan, 49 ; Various causes at work, — Revivalism in Art, Eclecticism, Classicism, Medievalism, 50 ; The Greek revival of no effect, 50 ; The Gothic revival of much importance in the reintroduction of the Elizabethan model, 50 ; Its preferable general character, 51 ; Reaction, also, from Palladian stateliness, 51 ; New Mansions, and alterations of old ones, 52 ; Longleat and Toddington (Plates XIV., XV.), and references to other examples, 52; Subsidence of Palladian plan into the “ Square house,” 53 ; Abandonment of Basement Offices, 54 ; Great improvement in the arrangement of the Offices, 54 ; Present position of conflict of Styles in Architecture ; corresponding rivalry in Style of Plan; the Mediaeval and Classic types, 55 ; Illustrations of contrast (Plates XVI. to XXII.) ; Llwyn House and Old Connaught, 56 ; Osborne and Balmoral, 57 ; Bridgewater House and West Shandon, 58; Pair of Comparative Designs, 59 ; Prospects of domestic plan at the present day, 60 ; Competing merits of style, 61 ; Natural style of the soil, 62.

INDEX, .PART SECOND.

IX

PART SECOND. The Principles of Plan as now Established

Chapter Introductory :

Definition of a Gentleman’s House, 63 ; Scheme for the Classification of the Apartments, 63 ; Treatment adopted in the exposition by Chapters, 65.

FIRST DIVISION : THE FAMILY APARTMENTS.

„r.„ Section I. — General Considerations.

('HAP.

I. — Programme :

Qualities of a good house, 66 ; Scheme for their consideration, 66.

II. — Privacy :

Defined and exemplified, 67 ; Requisite for both family and servants, 68 ; Superiority of Elizabethan plan in this respect, 69.

III. — Comfort :

The basis of the English idea of comfort, 69 ; Defined and exemplified, 70; Plotting furniture, 70; The Study of the three evils, 71.

IV. — Convenience :

Defined, 71 ; The Offices in advance, 72 ; The question of peculiarities of habits, 72 ; Comparison of the Classic and Mediaeval styles of plan, 73.

V. — Spaciousness :

Too much overlooked, 74 ; Its value exemplified, 74.

VI. — Compactness :

Defined and exemplified, 75 ; Common form, 75 ; In London houses, 75 ; In Country-houses, 76 ; Ready way of compacting large plans, 76 ; True and false Compactness, 76 ; Comparison of the two types of plan, 77.

VII. — Light and Air :

Principles to be duly esteemed, 78 ; The evils of borrowed lights, skylights, and wells, 78.

VIII. — Salubrity :

General rules, 78.

IX. — Aspect and Prospect ;

Difficulties in towns, 79 ; But general sacrifice of aspect to prospect also in the country, 80 ; The Aspect-Compass, 81 : Explanation thereof as to Sunshine, the Seasons, and Weather , 81, 82 ; The bearing of aspect upon prospect, 83 ; Compromise of conflicting claims, 83.

X. — Cheerfulness :

General principles and constituents, 84.

XI. — Elegance :

Subdued power the perfection of art, 85 ; Occasional conflict of purpose in decoration between the architect and the proprietor, 86 ; The views of the ladies, 86 ; Enrichment and dilapidation, 87.

XII. — Importance :

Defined, 87; A quality to be duly considered, 88; Often specially authorised in the Thoroughfares, 88 ; Comparison of styles of plan, 89.

X

INDEX, PART SECOND.

CHAP.

X III. — Ornamentation :

Neither excess nor paucity desirable, 89 ; Examples of deficiency, 90.

Section II. — The Day Pooms. I. — Dining-room

Defined, 91; Aspect, 91; Light; Prospect; use of Bay Windows, 92 ; Arrangement and dimensions, 93 ; Furniture, &c., 93 ; Fireplace, 95 ; Heating apparatus, 95 ; Doors, 95 ; Dinner-route and Service, 96 ; Hatch; Lift-table, 97 ; Service-room, 97 ; Intercommunication, 97 ; As a Waiting-room, 98 ; Closets, 98 ; Spaciousness, &c., 98 ; External position, 98 ; Approach internally and Drawing-room route, 98 ; Classic and Mediaeval styles, 99 ; Illustrations passim.

II. — Parlour Dining-room:

Defined, 99 ; Use of the term Parlour , 100 ; Compromised aspect, 100 ; Fireside, &c., 101 ; Furniture, 102; Modification of general features, 103.

III. — Morning-room :

Described in variety, 103 ; Aspect, &c., 103 ; Arrangement and furniture, 101 ; Position and accessories, 104 ; Intercommunication, 105 ; Internal position, 105 ; Illustrations, 105.

IV. — Breakfast or Luncheon-room :

Defined and exemplified, 106 ; Aspect and arrangement, 106 ; Illustrations, 106.

V. — Drawing-room :

Defined, 107; Character always the same, 107; Aspect, 1 07 ; End windows, &c.,for prospect, 108 ; Side or end how, 108 ; Windows and light generally, 109 ; Conflicting aspect and prospect, 109 ; Internal arrangements, 109 ; Theoretical scheme of the Parlour, 110 ; Furniture, 111; Special arrangements with upholsterer, 1 1 1 ; Intercommunication, 112; External position: Lawn, Terrace, &c., 112; Internal position, 113; First-floor Drawing-room, 113; Dimensions, &c., 113; Secondary Drawing-room, 113 ; Ante-Drawing-room, 113; Conjunction with other apartments for a suite, 113 ; Such combination with Dining-room, 113; Music-room, 114; Illustrations passim.

VI. — Boudoir :

Defined, 114; The term sometimes wrongly applied, 114; Regulations follow those of Drawing-room, 115; When in a Private Family Suite, 115; Intercommunication, &c., 115; When on Bedroom Story, 115; Conservatory or Balcony attached, 115; Illustrations passim.

VII. — Library :

Its ordinary character defined, 116 ; Position, 116 ; Aspect, 116 ; Light, 117; Arrangement, intercommunication, &c., 117; Dryness, ventilation, bookcases, 118; As a Study, 118; On a large scale, 118; Museum, 118; Spare room attached, 119 ; Librarian’s room, 119; Interior style, 1 19.

V 1 1 1. — Billiard-room : *

The Player’s plan described, 119; Dimensions, light, floor, 119; Banquette, 120 ; Positions various, 120 ; Smoking, 120 ; Illustrations

passim.

INDEX, PART SECOND.

Xl

CHAP.

IX. — Gentleman’s-room or Business-room:

Its uses defined, 121; Situation, and means of access, 121; Waiting-room, 121; Agent’s-room, 122; Special Entrance, 122; Aspect, 122; Interior arrangement, 122; Strong-closet or Deed-room, 122 ; Lavatory, &c., 122 ; Intercommunication, 122 ; When in Private Suite, &c.. 122; Illustrations, 123.

X. — Study :

Defined, 123 ; Situation, aspect, &c., 123 ; Difficulty of light, &c., 123 ; model plan, 124; Exceptional cases, 124 ; Illustrations, 124.

XI. — Saloon :

A characteristic of Palladian plan, 124 ; Described, 124; Sola or Salon , 125 ; Adaptation to later plan, 125 ; Illustrations, 125 ; The Mediaeval Gallery, 125.

XII. — Private Family Suite :

Described, 125 ; Illustrations, 126 ; Modified arrangements, 126.

XIII. — House Conservatory (and Winter-garden):

Purposes of this Conservatory, 126; Illustrations, 126; Light, 126; Arrangement, 126; Heating apparatus, 127; Difficulties when attached to a Room, 127 ; Intercommunication, &c., 127 ; Aspect, 128; Winter-garden described, 128 ; Construction, 128 ; Arrangement, 128.

XIV. — Smoking-room :

Purpose, 129 ; Position, access, prospect, and ventilation, 129.

XV. — Gentlemen’s Odd-room:

Useful for miscellaneous purposes, 130 ; Size, position, look-out, and access, 130.

Section III.— The Sleeping Rooms. I.— An Ordinary' Bedroom

Chance plan objectionable, 131 : Primary features, 131 ; Proper arrangement of an ordinary room, 131 ; Additional windows, shutters and draperies, 132 ; French manner, 133; Alcove for bed, 133; Doors, 133 ; Furniture, 133 ; Form, 134 ; Dimensions, 134 ; Closets, 134 ; Light and ventilation, 134; Aspect, 134; Alcove dressing -place, 135; Illustrations 'passim.

II. — An Ordinary Dressing-room ;

Dimensions, uses, and furniture, 135; Arrangement and aspect, 136; General principles of accommodation, — Bedroom, one Dressing-room, two Dressing-rooms, 136 ; Boudoir, 136.

III. — General Arrangement of the Rooms :

Common defects of plan, 136; Scheme of classification, &c., 137 ; Progressive scale of accommodation, 137.

IV. — Family Bedchamber Suite :

Situation and seclusion, 138; Two models, 138; Constituent rooms and arrangement, 138 ; Attendants’ access, 139 ; Addition of Boudoir and of Gentleman' s-room, 140 ; Illustrations passim.

V. — G U ESTS’ S UITES :

Purpose, situation, and arrangements generally, and illustrations, 140.

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INDEX, PART SECOND.

CHAP.

VI.— Other Special Bedchambers:

Bachelors’ Bedrooms, 141 ; Young ladies’ rooms, 141 ; Invalid suite, &c., 141.

VII. — Miscellaneous Bedchambers :

Ordinary Bedrooms, 142 ; Subordinates’ rooms, 142.

Section IV. — The Children’s Booms. I. — General Remarks

Such special rooms essential, 143; Of two departments, 143.

II. — Nurseries and Suite :

Considerations involved, 144; Day and Night Nurseries and their arrangements, 144; Nursery Scullery, and other conveniences, 145; Position for the Suite, 145 ; When connected with a Private Family Suite, 146; Ground-floor Day Nurseries, Ac., 146; Conversion into Guests’ Suite, 146 ; Strangers’ Nursery or Sick-room, 146 ; Illustrations passim.

111. — Schoolroom and Suite:

Defined, 147; Complete Suite described, 147; Position, &c., light, 147 ; Conversion into Bedchamber Suite, 147 ; The case of boys, 147.

Section V. — The Supplementaries. I. — Cloak-room

Its purpose described as a retiring-room, 148; Position, size, and furnishings, 148 ; Billiard-room for occasional use as such, 149 ; Ladies’ Cloak-room, 149; Illustrations passim.

II. — Lavatory, &c. :

Within Cloak-room, 149 ; Furnishings and situation, 149.

III. — Bath-room :

Described in various forms, 150 ; Whether one or more, 150 ; Water supply, &c., 151.

IV. — Plunge bath, &c. :

If required, 151; Swimming-bath, description and directions, 151; Plunge-bath, ditto, 152.

V. — Water-Closets :

Notes thereon generally collected in this chapter, 152; Axioms,— distribution, situation, construction, and dimensions, 152, 153 ; Interior closets and well-holes, 154; Ventilation in difficult circumstances, 154.

Section VI — The Thoroughfares. I. — General Remarks

These the skeleton of plan, 155 ; List of Family Thoroughfares, 155 ; Diverging lines of communication, 156 ; The same for Sleeping-rooms, 156; Tests of a good arrangement, 156.

INDEX, PART SECOND.

Xlll

CHAP.

II. — Porch :

Defined and described ; both open and enclosed, 157 ; Correction of aspect, &c., 158 ; Carriage-Porch, 159 ; Door-mat, &c., 159 ; Porch-steps, 159 ; Illustrations passim.

III. — Entrance-Hall :

In various forms, 160; Distinctions of style, 160; Relative merits of Classic and Mediaeval models, 160 ; Adaptability of the authentic Tudor arrangement, 161 ; Wanning, 162 ; Porter’s-room and Servants’ Waiting-room, 162 ; Cloak-room, 162; Furniture, &c., 162; Ceiling-light, 162; Porch-Hall and double doors, 162; Illustrations passim.

IV. — Garden Entrance:

Described in several forms, 163; Not to be in connection with any Servants’ Passage, &c. &c., 163.

V. — Luggage Entrance :

Purpose and position, 164 ; Illustrations, 164.

VI. — Other Secondary Entrances :

Business-Entrance, 164; Nursery-Entrance, 165; Secondary Garden-’ Entrances, 165 ; One for Family Suite, 165 ; Or for Invalid’s Suite, 165.

VII. — Gallery, Corridor, Passage:

Distinguished and defined, 165 ; Elements of Corridor plan, 165 ; Complex plan, 167 ; Relation of Rooms, 167 ; Lines of approach, 167 ; Routes of communication, 167 ; Privacy, 168 ; Corridor for Bedrooms, 168 ; Inferior Passages, 168 ; Style ; the Elizabethan Gallery ; its origin, character, and uses, 168 ; Further principles of plan involved, 169; Misnamed Galleries, 170 ; Illustrations passim.

VIII. — Central Hall, Cortile :

Their origin and adaptation, 170; The Palladian Hall and the Italian Cortile, 170 ; Distinguished in principle from the Mediaeval Hall, 171; Inherent non-privacy, 172 ; Disposition, 172; Difficulty of treating the Cortile, 173.

IX. — Saloon, Ante-room, Vestibule, Lobby, &c. :

Saloon defined, 174 ; Its character in Palladian plan, 174 ; Garden- Entrance therein, 174 ; In reduced form, 174 ; Parlour-Saloons, 175 ; Miscellaneous Ante-rooms, 175; Vestibules and Lobbies, and their uses, 175; Illustrations passim.

X. — Staircases :

Principal Staircase, when to Bedrooms only, in Classic and Elizabethan plan respectively, 175; Back Stairs, or Second Staircase, 176 ; Private Family Staircase, 177 ; Bachelors’ Stair, 177 ; Young-ladies’ Stair, 177 ; Other special Stairs, 177 ; When architecturally designed, 177 ; Ordinary square open newel Stair, 178; Windows, 178 ; Circular and oval Stairs, 178 ; Double-flight Stairs, 178; Rule for steps, 178; Width, 178; Lighting, 179; Warming, 179; Basement Stairs, 179 ; Ventilation and self-enclosure. 179.

SECOND DIVISION : STATE ROOMS, ETC.

I. — General Remarks :

Definition, 180 ; Family comfort not to be sacrificed, 180 ; Two modes of effecting this, 180 ; General rules still to govern, 180.

XIV

INDEX, PART SECOND.

CHAP.

II. — State Dining-room :

Modification of ordinary principles, 181 ; Furniture, 181 ; Dinner-route, 181 ; Service, Ante-Chambers, Approach, &c., 181 ; Position, aspect, &c., 182 ; Supper-rooms and use of Family-rooms or Gallery, 182.

III. — Sta te Drawing-rooms :

As a separate Circuit-Suite, 182; Family Rooms in connection, 182; Picture Gallery, ditto, 182; Special principles of plan, 183; Aspect, decoration, &c. ; warming and ventilation, 183; More ordinary cases of a preserved Drawing-room ; and occasional Reception-Suite of Family-rooms, 183 ; Illustrations, 184.

1 Y. — Ball-room :

Defined, 184; Arrangement of doors, windows (note on draughts'1, orchestra, banquette, dais, &c., 185 ; Common Hall of the kind for country-houses, 185.

Y. — Music-room, Concert-room, Private Theatre, &c. :

Music-room, as an apartment specially contrived for acoustic purposes, 185; Rectangular plan sufficient, 186; Harmonic proportions, 186; Other acoustic maxims of arrangement and construction, 186 ; Application of these to an ordinary Drawing-room, 187 ; Private Theatre, — a Music-room so far sufficient, 187 ; Stage, Dressing-rooms, space for Scenery, &c., 187.

VI. — Great Library, Museum, &c. :

Arrangement of a suite of Libraries in bays, 188 ; Artistic capabilities 189; Collections of art or science, 189; Arrangement of a single library of large size, 189.

VI I. — State Galleries, Galleries of Art, &c. ;

Reception Gallery defined, 190; Illustrations, 190; Lighting, doors, &c., 190 ; Model Picture-Gallery ; its lighting, width height, &c., 191 ; The case of Sculpture, 192 ; Coved ceiling-lights for cabinets, 192.

VIII. — Domestic Chapel:

Historical reminiscences, 193 ; Exceptional in our day, 193 ; Whether to be ecclesiastical in character or not, 194 ; Various means of entrance, 194 ; Height, ornamental character, altar, &c., desk, &e., seats, 194 ; Vestiary, 195.

IX. — State Guests’ Chambers :

State Bedrooms not in use, 195 ; Guests’ Suite of Apartments reverted to ; Possible additions thereto, 195 ; The case of Balmoral, 196.

X. — State-Thoroughfares :

Principles as before, expanded and elaborated, 196 ; Corridor to a circuit-suite of Reception-rooms not essential, 196 ; Cloak-rooms, 197 ; Access for servants, &c., 197 ; Warming and ventilation, and aspect of Grand Entrance, 197.

THIRD DIVISION : THE DOMESTIC OFFICES.

Section I. — General Considerations. I. — Basis of Plan

Classification of Offices, 198 ; Considerations of work different from those of residence, 198.

INDEX, PART SECOND.

xv

II. — Privacy, Comfort, Convenience:

Freedom from interruption, 199; Separation of the sexes, 199; Scale of comfort, 199 ; Principles of convenience, 200.

III. — Spaciousness and Compactness :

Cramped arrangements to be discouraged, but excessive completeness in the Offices a serious error, 200 ; Compactness especially necessary, 201.

IV. — Light and Air, and Salubrity:

Maxims, 201 ; More freedom here than in Family-rooms, 202.

Y. — Aspect, &c. &c. :

Aspect, &c., now differently affected, 2 #2 ; Northward preferable, 203 ; Cheerfulness, 203 ; Distinctive character in design of Offices, 203 ; Application of observations generally to large and small houses alike, 203.

Section II. — The Kitchen Offices. I. — Kitchen

Origin and present model, 204 ; Position on plan and relations to other Offices, 204 ; Purpose, lighting, coolness, dryness, ventilation, 204 ; Floor, wall-lining, 205 ; Doors, 206 ; Illustrations, 206 ; Cooking-apparatus, &c., in detail, 206; Fittings in detail, 207; Dishing- Kitchen, 208; Small Kitchens, &c., 209; Dimensions, 209; When used as Servants’ Hall, 209 ; Relation to Dining-room for service, 209; Prevention of smells, 210; Basement Kitchen, 210 ; Relations to other Offices, 211 ; Outer Kitchen, 211 ; Cook’s-room, 211.

To be conjoined to Kitchen, 212 ; Door of intercommunication, 212 ; Light and ventilation, &c., 212 ; Outlet towards Yard, if any, 212 ; no connection with Larders, 213 ; Fixtures in detail, 213 ; When used for secondary purposes, 213 ; Floor, drainage, 214.

III. — Cook’s Pantry, or Dry Larder (and Larder generally):

Defined, 214; Ancient and modern terms, 214; Maxims of construction, 214; Detached Larders, 215; Ceiling-ventilation, 215; Windows, 215; Fittings, 215 ; Refrigerator, 216; Heating in winter, 216; Floor, 216; Dimensions, 216.

1Y. — Meat Larder :

Defined, &c., 216; If detached, 216; Fittings, 216; Special Compartments, 217 ; Walls and floor, 217.

Y. — Game and Fish Larders :

Game Larder, its uses and fittings, 217 ; Fish Larder, ditto, 218 ; Town houses require no such accommodation, 218.

YI. — Pastry-room :

Its uses, position, construction, and fittings, 218; Oven, 218; Pastry-dresser in Still-room, 218; Confectionery, 218.

YIT. — Salting-room, Smoking-house, and Bacon Larder :

Sometimes required, 219; Fittings of Salting-room, 219; Dimensions and construction of Smoking-house, 219 ; Bacon Larder, advisable to be removed from the House, 219.

XVI

INDEX, PART SECOND.

CHAP.

VIII.— =-D airy and Dairy Scullery :

General model described, and fittings, 220 ; Dairy Scullery, its uses and fittings, &c., 220 ; to be apart if extensive, 220 ; Cook’s Pantry used, 220.

Section III. — Tjie Upper Servants’ Offices. I. — Butler’s-Pantry and Appurtenances

Origin, 221 ; Position and relation, 221 ; Dimensions and fittings, 222 ; Plate-Safe, 222 ; Plate-Scullery, 222 ; Butler’s Bedroom, 222 ; Head

Butler’s Room, 222 ; A small Pantry, 222.

1 II.- — Service or Sideboard-room :

Uses, dimensions, situation, substitutes, fittings, 223 ; Butler’s Service-room, its position, uses, and fittings, 223 ; The case of Basement Offices ; Dinner Stair ; Lift, &c., 223.

III. — IIousekeeper’s-room :

Purposes and relation to other quarters, 224 ; fittings, &c., 224 ; Store-room, 225.

1Y. — Still-room :

Its origin, purposes, and position, 225 ; Fittings, 226 ; As Women-servants’ Hall, 226 ; Outer-Kitchen as Still-room, 226.

Y. — Store-room, &c. :

Purposes, position, and fittings, 226 ; When made a Housekeeping-room in a small house, 226 ; Supplementary Store Closets, 227.

VI. — China-Closet and Scullery :

Uses, position, and fittings of China-Closet, 227 ; China-Scullery, ditto,

VII. — House Steward’s Office, &c. :

Piupose, position, &c., and accessories, 228 ; Kitchen -Clerk’s Office,

VIII. — Steward’s-room, or Upper Servants’-Hall :

Purposes, position, furniture, &c., 228 ; Scullery attached, 229 ; Supplementary uses and requirements, 229 ; Housekeeper’s-room as a substitute, 229.

IX. — Gun-room :

Described, with fittings, 229 ; Position and requirements, 230 ; Substitutes in small houses, 230 ; When separate from the house, 230 ; Armoury, 230.

Section IV. — The Lower Servants’ Offices. I. — Servants’ Hall, &c

Purpose, 231 ; Relation to other Offices, &c., 231 ; Women's-room, 231 ; Fittings, 232 ; Incidental purposes, 232 ; Dressing, 232 ; Lady’smaid’s Room, 232.

II. — Housemaid’s Closet :

Purpose, position, and fittings, 232 ; When more than one, 233 ; One for the Principal Rooms, 233.

INDEX, PART SECOND.

XVH

CHAP.

III. — Cleaning-rooms, &c. :

Brushing-room ; purpose, position, &c., 233; Brushing-tables at Back Stairs, 233 ; Knife-room, Shoe-room, 234 ; Lamp-room, 234 ; Purposes and arrangements, 234.

Section V. — The Laundry Offices. I. — General Kemarks

When to be a separate building, and when to be attached to the House, 235.

II. — Wash-house and Laundry :

Wash-house ; purpose, dimensions, position, fittings, and arrangement, 236 ; Laundry, ditto, ditto, 236 ; Relation together, 237 ; Substitutes for either, 237 ; Special Servants’ Wash-house, 237 ; Ladies’-maids’ ironing accommodation, 237.

III. — Drying-room ; Hot Closet :

The old-fashioned Drying-loft described, 237 ; Hot Closet, its construction and mode of operation, 238; The Laundry as a Drying-room &c., 238.

IV. — Soiled Linen Closet :

Of much use ; position and arrangements, 238 ; Bin in Wash-house, 238.

V. — Linen-room, &c. ;

Purpose, fittings, and position, 239 ; Closet for bedding, &c., 239.

Section VI. — The Bakery and Brewery Offices. I. — Bakehouse and Appurtenances

Purpose, position, fittings. &c., 240 ; Oven described, 240 ; Storage of bread, 240 ; Flour Store, 240 ; Fuel, 240.

II. — Brewhouse :

Apparatus required, 241 ; Other arrangements, relation to house, cellars, &c., 241.

Section VII. — Cellars, Storage, and Outhouses. I. — Coal Cellar, Wood-house

Position for Coal Cellar, 242 ; Capacity, 242 ; Delivery, 242 ; Light, &c.? 242 ; As an open shed, 242 ; Position for Wood-house, 242.

II. — Ash-bin :

Position, &c., 243 ; Offal-bin, 243.

III. — Wine Cellars:

Position, entrance, and other arrangements, 243 ; Temperature, artificial warming, 244 ; Fittings, &c., 244 ; Receiving Cellar, 244 ; Wine in wood, 244 ; Bottle-racks, 244 ; Butler’s Cellar and Closet, 244 ; Madeira-Cellar, 245 ; Soda-water, &c., 245.

b

INDEX, PART SECOND.

CHAP.

IV. — Beer Cellar :

Purpose, position, light, ventilation, access, &c., 245 ; Bottlecl-beer, 245.

V. — Miscellaneous Cellars :

For vegetables, 245 ; Dryness, ventilation, &c., 245 ; Housekeeper s Cellar, 246 ; Fruit-store, 246 ; Men-servants’ odd Cellar, 246 ; Spare Cellars desirable, and Cellar-closets, 246.

VI.- — Ice-house :

Purpose and scientific principle, 246 ; As an adjunct underground, aspect, plan and construction in detail, and drainage, 246 ; Mode of filling, 247 ; Similar plan when within the house, 247 ; When built apart, 247.

VII. — Lumber-room, Luggage-room :

Position for Lumber-room and requirements, 248 ; When to be used as a Workshop, 248 ; When provided at the Stables, 248 ; Luggage-room, its uses and requirements, 248.

V III. — Fruit-store :

Purpose, position, and requirements, 249.

IX. — Cistern-chamber, &c. :

Cistern in roof, 249 ; Water-tower, 249 ; Pumping, 249 ; Rain-watertank, 249.

Section VIII. — The Servants’ Private Rooms. I. — Servants’ Bedrooms

Women-servants’-rooms, their access, size, position, &c., 250 ; Men-servants’ -rooms, ditto, ditto, 250; Dormitory subdivided, 250; Upper-servants’-rooms, and their respective positions, &c., 250 ; Superior servants’ rooms, 250 ; Stranger servants’ rooms, 251 ; Housekeeper’s Bedroom, 251 ; Ladies’-maids’ -rooms, 251 ; General maxims, 251.

II. — Servants’ Day-rooms :

Steward, housekeeper, butler, cook, and valet, 252 ; Servants’ Hall and Women’ s-room, 252 ; .Steward’s-room and Housekeeper’s-room, 252 ; Ladies’-maids’-room, 252 ; privacy conditional, 252.

Section IX. — Thoroughfares, Supplementaries, and General Arrangement of Offices. I. — Ground-floor Offices

Route to Entrance and the men’s side, 263 ; Relations of Kitchen, &c., and the women’s side, 253 ; The superior rooms, &c., 253 ; The Back- Offices, 254 ; Three departments, 254 ; Staircases, 254 ; Lift, 254 ; Supplementaries, 254 ; Pump, 255 ; Dinner-bell, 255.

II. — Basement Offices :

Serving-room and Dinner-Stair, &c., 255 ; Staircases, 255 ; Kitchen department, men’s side and women’s side, 255 ; Relation to Entrance above, 255 ; Relation to Principal Rooms above, 256 ; Kitchen-Court, 256.

INDEX, PART SECOND.

xix

FOURTH DIVISION : THE STABLING AND FARM OFFICES, ETC.

CHAP.

I. — Introduction :

Stabling in town and country, 257 ; Primary accommodation and additional items, 257.

II. — Stables :

Many forms, 258 ; Artificial condition of the horse, and scientific problem accordingly, 258 ; Stalls, their dimensions, width of stable, fittings, 259 ; Paving various, 259 ; Sloping or level floor, 259 ; Gutters, 260 ; Stable with central passage, 260 ; Non-absorbent walls, &e., 260 ; Dryness, 260 ; Light, 260 ; Ventilation, 260 ; Height, 261 ; Aspect and temperature, 262 ; Artificial warming, 262 ; Cleansing, 262[; Flies, 262 ; Door -and windows, 262 ; Corn-bin, shoot, fodder -bay, 262 ; Harness, 263 ; Loose-boxes, their dimensions, fittings, &c., 263 ; General division of Stabling, 263.

III. — Carriage-house :

Dryness and cleanness, 263 ; Dimensions and construction, 264 ; Heating, 264 ; Relation to Stable-Yard, 264 ; Washing-pavement, 264 ; Harness, 264 ; Fender stoves and wheel-tracks, 264.

IV. — Harness-room and Saddle-room :

Dryness essential ; Construction, 265 ; Intercommunication, position, 265 ; Heating, &c., 265 ; Fittings of a complete Harness-room, 265 ; Cleaning-room attached, 266 ; Saddle-room, 266 ; Ceiling-light, 266.

V. — Grooming-Shed, &c., and Horse-Bath :

Grooming-shed, its purpose and position, &c., 266 ; Horse-bath described, and modification of this shed for it, 266; Common open Shed, its uses, ‘&c., 267; Shoeing Shed, 267.

VI. — Stable-Yard, Bide, Dung-pit, and Water Supply :

Position, dimensions, and character of Stable-Yard, 267 ; Entrance, 267 ; Paving, 268 ; Covered Ride, uses and disposition, 268 ; Dung-pit, situation, various forms, liquid manure, emptying, and access, 268 ; Water-supply, 269; Drainage, 269; Clock-turret, 269 ; Dove-cot, 269.

VII. — Hay and Corn Lofts, &c. ; Boiler-house: