History of the Territory of Wisconsin, from 1836 to 1848. Preceded by an account of some events ... previous to ... 1836

Front matter

HISTORY OF THE TERRITORY OF WISCONSIN, FROM 1836 TO 1848. PRECEDED BY AN ACCOUNT OF SOME EVENTS DURING THE PERIOD IN WHICH IT WAS UNDER THE DOMINION OF KINGS, STATES OR OTHER TERRITORIES, PREVIOUS TO THE YEAR 1836. COMPILED BY MOSES M. STRONG, A. M. PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE. MADISON, WIS.: DEMOCRAT PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS. 1885. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1885, by MOSES M. STRONG, in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. NOTICE. At the last session of the legislature an act was passed (chapter 285, laws of 1885) to pro vide for the purchase of certain copies of this history. The act appointed a commission consisting of Robert Graham, state superintendent; James D. Butler, late professor of the University of Wisconsin; and J. W. Stearns, pro fessor in the University, who were authorized and requested to examine and read the manuscript of the book; and if they should be satisfied that it would when published be a work of merit and a valuable compilation of the history of the territory of Wisconsin, and of the preceding period to which it relates, they were to give notice thereof to the com missioners of public printing, who were authorized on behalf of the state to cause to be printed and suitably bound in cloth by the state printer under the existing contract for state printing, and cause to be delivered to the superintendent of public property, for the use of the state, on or before the first day of September, 18S5, such number of copies of said book, not exceeding two thousand, as would enable him as far as practicable to make the distribution provided for by the act.

The commission appointed to examine and read the manuscript, made and unanimously signed on the 7th of May, 1885, the certificate contemplated by the said act. Upon notice of said certificate given to the commissioners of public printing, they directed the book to be printed and bound by the state printer as required by said act. The distribution of the two thousand copies, printed by the state, provided for by said act, was required to be made among the educational institutions of the state, school -districts having libraries, other libraries, the public institutions and societies of the state, public officers and to members and employes of the legislature. The compiler has procured the state printer to stereotype the work and to print an edition for sale by subscription.

Preface

. In the winter of 1870, the compiler of this book was in vited to deliver the annual address before the State Histor ical Society, and the members of the legislature. Having accepted the invitation, he took as his theme " Territorial Legislation of Wisconsin." The address was a brief condensation of what had occur red in the legislative halls during the territorial period of twelve years. This mpffi epitome of the history of Territorial Legislation, short and fragmentary as it was from the necessities of the occasion, was received with unexpected favor. The author was urged by many who heard it, among whom were those for whose judgment he felt the utmost deference, to enlarge the work of which the address was an abridgment, and to publish a more complete history of the subject to which it related.

These flattering solicitations induced the author to make the experiment, although with great hesitation and very serious doubts as to his ability to compile a work which would not disappoint the too generous confidence of his friends. The result is the book now presented to the public. It seemed to the compiler that some account of the pre territorial period, while the country within the present restricted boundaries of Wisconsin was under the dominion of the successive kings, states and territories, which at different epochs had jurisdiction over it, was a suitable introduction to the history of the territory proper, which Hence the first chapter, of about twelve pages, contains the briefest possible account of the early explorations of " Florida " and " Louisiana," under which names the whole country from the Gulf of Mexico to Newfoundland was claimed successively by Spain, France and Great Britain, during a period of more than two hundred and fifty years in the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. was the principal object of the work. This naturally led to a notice of the Avars in the eigh-

PREFACE.

. teenth century with the Fox Indians on the Fox and Wis consin rivers; and in immediate connection with them a sketch of the Langlade family — the first, permanent settlers in Wisconsin, whose descendants have remained upon its soil. The explorations of Jonathan Carver in 1766-7, are, it is thought, appropriately referred to; as well as the progress of settlements in the northwest, and the development of their social relations. To have omitted a notice of the ancient settlements at Green Bay and Prairie du Chien, and the less numerous and less important ones at Chequamegon, Portage and Milwau kee, would, it is believed, have been inexcusable. The migration of semi-civilized Indians to Wisconsin in the third and fourth decades of this century seemed to de mand notice. The history of the settlement of the lead mines nearly fifteen years before the organization of Wisconsin Territory, and the consequent Winnebago war, followed five years later by the Black Hawk war, occupy nearly forty pages of the preliminary history.

These are succeeded by nearly one hundred pages, devoted to an account of civil government, social development, legislation and cognate matters, which complete the pre-territorial history and bring the compila tion down to the period when the history of Wisconsin Ter ritory properly commences. Although the principal design of the work is to present a history of Territorial Legislation, in the execution of which design a chapter is devoted to the events of each year in chronological order, the design has been departed from so far as to incorporate into each chapter the most important of the contemporaneous events of the period to which it relates, although they may have no direct connection with legislation. History and story are the same word differently written. And the compiler of this book desires to say that his com pilation consists almost entirely of the story of the events to which it relates, that had been told or written by others.

He disclaims all pretensions to originality, which implies rather the creation than the repetition of a story. He claims credit — if it be any credit — only for the order of the compilation, and of putting the words, deeds and writings of others relating to territorial and ante-territorial

PREFACE.

. 7 times into such convenient form that they may be read with out resort to the numerous sources of information from which they have been derived. If the attractions of rhetoric, or the interest of sensational description are expected to be found, the reader will be dis appointed, and even the opinions of the compiler, in respect to the events which are recorded, will be looked for in vain, and are not permitted to affect in any manner the statement of facts presented. The compilation being made so largely from the writings of others, it would be next to impossible, either in the text or by notes, to give the credit which is justly due, and it is hoped that any imputation of plagiarism will be found undeserved in view of this acknowledgment. Very liberal extracts have been made from the history of General Smith and entire paragraphs used without altera tion or change of a sentence or word.

The collections of the State Historical Society have been drawn upon whenever they would aid in promoting the desired object. The graphic description of the surrender of Red Bird, in the eleventh chapter, is copied bodily from an article on the Winnebago war by Col. Thomas L. McKenney. Other extracts have been made from other writings, which it is not possible to specify in detail. The compiler wishes to say, in justice to himself, that the compilation now presented is his first attempt at anything of this kind. He is but little practiced in literary composi tion, and is but too conscious of his inability to give such form to the materials he has been able to obtain, as to make them worthy of publication. The work, however, is now laid before the public, whose favorable consideration of it is invoked, while no complaint will be made of fair criticism founded upon a knowledge of its contents.

It has been undertaken for the reasons already stated, and because the author felt a considerable degree of obligation resting upon him to contribute whatever might be in his power, to the preservation of the history of those events with which he was contemporary, and which in a few years will have passed into oblivion. Moses M. Strong.

Chapter I. Early Explorations

01' " FLORIDA AND '* LOUISIANA " — 1518 TO 1719. Gen. W. R. Smith's history — Juan Ponce de Leon — Diego Miruelo — Narvaez — De Soto — Champlain — Le Caron — Charter of New France — First Jesuit missions — Brebeuf, Daniel & Zallemand — Nicollet, the flrst to visit Wisconsin — Raymbault and Jogues — De^uerre — Fur-traders in 1654 — Drocoux — Mesnard — Allouez aud his grand inter-tribal Couucil at Chegoiemegon — Dablon and Marquette — Perot, his visit to Green Bay and Chicago — Mission of St. Francis Xavier established at Green Bay — French take formal possession at St. Mary's — The cross borne by Allouez and Dablon tothe Milwaukee and Waukesha rivers — Marquette and Joliet explore the Fox, Wisconsin and Mississippi rivers and return to Green Bay via Chicago — Marquette, his sickness and death — La Salle erects fort at Frontenac, builds the Griffin, anchors at Green Bay, goes to the Illinois, begins to build Fort Crevecœur, returns to Frontenac, aud back to the Illinois — Henuepin, with Accau and Du Gay explores the Upper Mississippi, made prisoners, liberated, visited St. Anthony, meet Du Lhut and his party, all reach Green Bay, Hennepin returns to Europe and dies — La Salle goes to Mackinaw and returns to Crevecœur, descends the Mississippi to its mouth, and takes possession of all the country for France, returns to France, attempts to colonize Louisiana — War between England and France — Peace of Ryswick — Iberville and Chateaumorand — Iberville ascends the Mississippi — Le Sueur — he explores the St. Peter's river for minerals and winters there — Cadillac takes possession of Detroit — Kaskaskia — Peace of Utrecht — Boisbraint —Fort Chartres, Cahokia and Prairie de Rocher — Artaguette — New Orleans — Renault.

Chapter II. Wars With Fox Indians

— 1712 TO 1746. The Foxes concentrate their bands on Fox River — De Louvigny 's expeditim against the Foxes — His report to the council — Little Butte des Mortes — De Louvigny 's death by shipwreck — Gov. Vaudreuil's letter of approbation — Bad faith of the Foxes — Peaceable efforts of the French — Indian council — De Lignery sent to destroy the Foxes — Troops commence march — Foxes escape — Expedition continues up Fox River — Burn villages and return — Lignery criticised — Taken prisoner — Friendly Indians attack the Foxes Marin — His traffic on Fox and Wisconsin Rivers — Piratical exactions of the Foxes — Marin determines to drive them out — His stratagem — Foxes awaiting the boats — The attack — Village burned — The battle — Result — Letter of De Beauharnois — Du Buisson attacks the Foxes — De Villers defeats and routes the Foxes — Surviving Foxes retire to the Wisconsin River — Marin again attacks them — They are driven across the .Mississippi — Marin commands at Green Bay — Taken prisoner— Final expulsion of Foxes — Sacs and Foxes confederated — Sacs at Green Bay — Expulsion of the Sacs — Sacs at Sauk Prairie — Sacs remove to the Mississippi River — Sacs and Foxes at Mouth of Rock River.

Chapter III. The Langlade Family

— 1745 TO 1800. Biography no part of history — De Langlade's family— birth of Augustin — and Indian trader — married — children — Charles has a son — Augustin and family remove to Green Bay — his death — marriage of Charles — French War — Vaudreuil selects him to raise the Indian tribes, and lead them in the war — He raises 1500 — they march to Fort Du Quesne — Braddock's defeat — The fight owing to the importunities of Charles De Langlade — De Beaujeu consents to order an attack — Casualties — De Langlade ordered to strike Fort Cumberland — At capture of Fort William Henry — Second in command at Mackinaw — At Ticonderoga — Again at Fort Du Quesne — French burn the fort and retire before Washington — At Fort Niagara — Battle of Quebec — Sur render of Canada and discharge of De Langlade's troops and Indians — His hardships — His children— Takes active part for the British in the Revolutionary War — Attends Indian Council — Goes to St. Josephs — Superintendent of Indian affairs at Green Bay — His death — Pierre Grignon, Sen. — Augustin Grignon's Recollections.

Chapter IV Jonathan Carver's Explorations

— 1766 AND 1767. Treaty of Paris; cession of Louisiana — Captain Jonathan Carver — His birth — His military record — Sets out from Boston — At Mackinaw — Leaves Green Bay — Leaves Doty's island — At Portage — At Prairie du Sae — The deserted Fox village — La Prairie des Chiens — Traders stop at Yellow river — At Lake Pepin — Nicholas Perrot — Pre-historic tumuli — Makes a treaty between Dakotas aud Chippewas — " Carver's Cave " — Leaves canoe and walks to Falls of St. Anthony — St. Francis River — Ascends the Minnesota River — Returns to the Mississippi — Grand Council — "Carver's Grant" — Doubts as to the validity of the deed — In violation of the King's proclamation — Petition presented to Congress — Adverse report — Another adverse report — " Murray Claim" — Private Land claims — Returns to Prairie du Chien — Leaves Prairie du Chien and ascends the Chippewa River — On the St. Croix — Copper — Descends to Lake Superior — Reaches Grand Portage — Returns to Mackinaw and Boston.

Chapter V. Progress Of Settlements In The Northwest, And Transfer To British

JURISDICTION — 1705 TO 1775. Digression — Progress of settlement in the Wabash country — Population of Illinois county — Gist's settlement in the Youghiogeny — Washington sent to the Ohio River — Beginning of the French war — English forces withdrawn from the valley of the Ohio — Braddock's defeat — French power overthrown — Indian affection for the French — First settlements of French east of the Mississippi — Settlement of Upper Louisiana — 1721, Jesuit college — -'American Bottom " — French Forts — Fort Massac — Fort Charters — 1765 Great Britain succeeds to France — De Villiers — St. Ange. de Bellerive — Retires to St. Louis — Exodus of the French — Population of Illinois settlements — Capt. Sterling — British proclamation — Right of emigration — Equal rights guaranteed — M. St. Ange returns — Maj. Frazer — Col. Reid — Col. Wilkius — First Common Law Court— 1774 Civil Law restored — '* Quebec Bill " — Granta of land by Col. Wilkins — Settlements on the Monongahela — Pittsburgh — Gov.

Dunmore encourages emigration — French settlers support the American cause — Detroit in 1763 — The Pontiac war — Grand council of Indian tribes — Capture and slaughter of English garrisons — Mackinaw surprised and captured by a game of ball — Green Bay abandoned — Detroit alone remains — Pontiac invests Detroit — Siege — Great distress of the EngUsh — Peace concluded with the Indian tribes — Pontiac killed — Peace did not bring settlements — Green Bay — Capt. Stirling takes command of the " Illinois Country " — Indian tribes of the Northwest unfriendly to the Americans and allied to the British — Col. Geo. Rogers Clark sent from Virginia by Gov. Patrick Henry to reduce the British posts in the Northwest — Col Clark takes Kaskaskia and captures the fort — French inhabitants declare for America, and secure submission at Cahokia — Vincennes declares allegiance to Virginia—Jurisdiction of Virginia established in the Northwest — British capture Post Vincennes — Col. Clark recaptures it and sends the British to Virginia as prisoners — Capt. Helm captures a convoy of supplies — Virginia in the possession of the entire Northwest — Slow progress of settlement.

Chapter VI. Under American Jurisdiction

— 1787 TO 1820. Ordinance of 1787 — Slavery at Green Bay — British posts in Northwest not immediately surrendered — Indian wars — Harmar's defeat on the Maumee — Successful and decisive campaign of Gen . Anthony Wayne — Preliminary articles of peace — Treaty of Greenville, " great and abiding peace document." — Disputes about the right to the free navigation of the Lower Mississippi — Free navigation secured by the treaty of Madrid — Spain cedes Louisiana to France — France cedes Louisiana to the United States — Indian Territory established — Genl. W. H. Harrison appointed Governor — Treaty with the Sacs and Foxes — Boundaries of the ceded land — Two treaties with Sacs and Foxes — Treaty with Sacs of Eock River — Black Hawk signs treaty — Fort Madison — Pike's expedition — Cession of site of Fort Snelling — Battle of Tippecanoe — Indians seek the aid of British allies — British incite Indian traders — Robert Dickson and his Indian forces — Capture of Mackinaw — Fort Meigs — Col .

Dickson and his Indians join the British at Detroit — Hull's surrender of Detroit ■— Evacuation of Fort Dearborn and massacre of Capt. Heald and party — Fort at Prairie du Chien — Unsuccessful expedition of Maj. CampbeU — Col. McKay places guns at Rock Island — Fort Armstrong commenced at Rock Island — John Shaw, trades between St. Louis and Prairie du Chien — Lead smelting at Galena by Indians — Steam Boat Navigation on the Mississippi — The first saw-mills in Wisconsin.

Chapter VII

GREEN" BAY — 1634 TO 183G. Earliest abodes of civilization — Nicollet — Fur traders — Mesnai'd — Allouez — Mission of St. Francis Xavier — Fort — Tonti in command — Du Luth — Marquette and Joliet — Hennepin and Da Luth — Thirty barren years — De Louvigney— De Lignery — Capt. De "Velie — Garrison withdrawn — Settlement of Augustin De Langlade — Arrival of Capt. Belfour and twenty men— Fort called " Edward Augustus " in charge of Lieut. Gorrell — Lieut. Gorrell abandons the post — Slow progress of the settlement — Jaques Porlier — Charles Reaume— John Lawe — Population 250 in 1812— Ogilvie, Gillaspie & Co.— Honesty of the Indian trade — Jacob Franks builds a mill — Indian agent and factor — Government saw-mill — Fort Howard located by Gen. Chas. Gratiot— In command of Col. Chambers — Col. Smith removes troops to Camp Smith— Col. Pinkney moves back to Fort HowarcU — Col. McNeill — Gen. Brady — Shanty town — Robert Irwin.

Jr. — Daniel Whitney — Wm. Dickinson — H. S. Baird — J. D. Doty — Court House aud Jail — Mission School and Rev. R. F. Cadel — Episcopal Church incorporated — First Newspaper—Indian agency under Maj. Brevott — Catholic Church and school — Father Richard — Shanty town absorbed by Navarino, Astor and Depere — Only eight American families — Character of population — Ebenezer Chiids — John P. Arndt — Albert G. Ellis —J. D . Doty — Removes to Green Bay — Madison and Doty's island — His official positions —Is appointed Governor of Utah, where he dies — Morgan L. Martin. CAAPTER VIII. PR.AERIE DU CHIEN — 16Q0 TO 1833. Uncertainty of time of first settlement — Hennepin — Marquet and Joliet — First military post — Cardinelle — Ganier — French trading post — French military post — Carver — Gov. Sinclair's purchase — Michael Brisbois — His statement of the settlement — His bakery — He issued currency — Campbell appointed Indian agent — Marriage customs — Joseph Rolette — Settlement before the war of 1812 — British meditate building a fort — U. S Government build Fort Shelby — McKay's expedition for recapture of the fort — Force cousisted of 150 whites and 450 Indians — Col .

McKay reaches the town — Attack upou the boats — Investment of the garrison — Surrender demanded and refused—Hot shot— Capitulation — American troops retire down the river — Fruitless Indian pursuit— Capt. Pohlman in command — British evacuation — Fort Crawford erected — Col. Chambers in command — Tyranny of the officers — Charles Menard court-martial! ed — Joseph Rolette banished — New fort erected — John Shaw trades and builds a grist miU — James H. Lockwood — Officers and traders — Origin of name of town — Farming — Habits of settlers — It was neutral ground — Indian trade — Cath olic priest — Maj. Forsyth's visit — Col. Leavenworth aud troops leave for St. Peters — Fort Snelling located — Troops occupy Fort Crawford — Private land claims — H. L. Dousman — Joseph M. Street — Thomas P. Burnett — Mackinaw county laid out- Brown and Crawford counties laid out — First officers of Brown county — First officers of Crawford county — First court in Brown county — Changes in office in Crawford county — 18a3, first court — 1824 — 1826 and 1830—1831.

Chapter IX. Chequamegon

— PORTAGE — MILWAUKEE. Chequamegon, the field of first missionary work — Portage — Its early settlement — Laurent Barth, first settler — Jean L'Ecuyer — Earth sells to Campbell — Laurent Fily — Francis Roy — Pierre Pauquette employed by Joseph Rolette — Indian trade — Settlement did not increase — Erection of Fort Winnebago — Major Twiggs and his officers — Site of fort — Fort completed — Houses at Portage — Change of troops — Military road from Fort Howard to Fort Craws ord — Manner of transporting goods up Fox River — Henry Merrill— Milwaukee — First mention in Gorrell's journal — English trader probably Goddard — La Frarabois — Stanislaus Chappue— John B. Beaubien — Laurent Fily — Jaques Vieau — Solomon Juneau — James Kinzie — Hypolite Grignon — Newspaper notices — Juneau purchases land — Byron Kilbourn purchases west side of river — George H. Walker makes claim on south side of river and finally gets patent — Names of some early settlers — First public meeting — Digression — Copper Mines of Lake Superior — Pre-historic implements.

Chapter X. New York Indians

— 1820 TO 1833 N. Y. Indians — Ogden Land Co. — Stockbridge and Brothertown Indians — Jedediah Morse — Eleazer Williams — He proposes emigration scheme — " South" jealous of free States — Calhoun sanctions a plan to set apart Wisconsin for Indians — War Department favors the emigration scheme — Dr. Morse at Green Bay — N. Y. Indians aided by Government iD going to Green Bay — WiUiams arrives at Detroit — He learns the Menomonees had sold their land to U. S . — He returns to New York — Treaty rejected — Renewed aid from War Departmei t — Arrival at Green Bay — Treaty made — Validity of treaty denied — N. Y. Indians opposed to the treaty — War Department favors another visit to Green Bay — Reach Green Bay — New treaty made — Treaty approved — N. Y. Indians emigrate — Opposition to treaty — Cass and McKinney treaty Senate amendment — Abortive attempt at reconciliation — Samuel C. Stambaugh — He visits Washington with Menomonees — Treaty made — Supplementary article — Continued till next session — Treaty ratified with amendment — Two townships to Stockbridges — One township to Brothertowns — Alteration of boundary — Senate amendment agreed to with modification — Conflict terminated — WiUiams abandons his schemes — Scheme of Ogden Land Co. abandoned — Area of freedom unabridged — N. Y. Indians emigrate to Wisconsin — Condition of six nations in Wisconsin — Brothertowns become citizens.

Chapter XI. The Lead Mines And Winnebago War

— 1832 TO 1828. Gen. Smith's history of Indian disturbances — Indian wars concomitants of settlements Indians friendly to French settlers — Hostility to agricultural settlements Winnebagos opposed to the occupancy of the Lead Mines— Mr. Shaw's visit to Fever river Description of Indian smelting furnaces — First occupation of the Lead Mines — Increase of population — Hazel Green and New Diggings— Government agents — Early settlement of the Lead Mines — " Suckers " and " sucker-holes " — Galena was the objective point — Other points — Product of first three years — Apprehensions of danger from Winnebagos — Treaty at Prairie du Chien— Troops removed from Fort Crawford to Fort Snelling— Fearsat Prairie du Chien of Indian outrages — Murder of Methode — Wa-man-doos-ga-ra-ka confesses the murder — False rumors — Rei Bird — Winnebagos resolved on retaliation — Attempt to kill Mrs. J. H. Lockwood — Murder of Gagnier and Lightcap— Capt. Lindsay and his two keel-boats — The two boats part company — Winnebagos concealed on an island — Description of the boats — Attack upon the boat — "0.

H. Perry " — The second at tack — The boat is grounded, hand-to-hand conflict — The boat afloat, and survivors escape — Casualties — Harmless attack upon the other boat — Slander contradicted — Alarm at Prairie du Chien — Military company organized — Preparations for defence — Col. Snelling notified, and comes down the river — Con sternation at Galena and vicinity — Gov. Cass arrives at Prairie du Chien — He pro ceeds to Galena — Lieut. Martin Thomas — Col. Snelling assumes command — Gov. Cass proceeds to St. Louis — CoL Henry Dodge chosen Commander of Volunteers — Col. Dodge scours both sides of the Wisconsin river — Maj. Whistler arrives at the Portage — Winnebagos in a desperate plight — Red Bird surrendered by the Winne bagos — Red Bird's appearance — His dress— His calmness — Talk between the Winnebagos and Maj. Whistler — Red Bird ready to die — Prisoners sent to Fort Crawford — Volunteers discharged —Results— Winnebagos contemplated a general rising — Death of Red Bird — Other prisoners convicted and pardoned.

Chapter XII. The Black Hawk

WAR— 1831 AND 1832. Progress in the "Lead Mines " — Black Hawk's village — He crosses the Mississippi — Threatened disturbances in 1831 — Indians agree to remain west of the Mississippi — Black Hawk war ensued a year later — Alarm in the Lead mine Region — Col. Dodge meets the Winnebagos in council — His " talk " — Treacherous promises of the Winnebagos — Beginning of the war in 1832 — Gen. Whiteside's command — Gen. Atkinson and the regulars — Black Hawk moves up Rock river — Troops at Dixon — Stillman's defeat — First blood shed in the war — Col. Dodge writes to Gen. Reynolds — Col. Dodge and his neighbors go on an expedition after the Indians — Inhabitants of the Lead Mines thoroughly alarmed — Forts erected — Indian mode of warfare — Indian Creek massacre — Surrender of female captives — Suspicious conduct of the Winnebagos — Brave and decisive conduct of Col. Dodge — Captive Winnebago chiefs sent to Gratiot's Grove and held as hostages — Dodge's volunteers meet Galena volunteers at Gratiot's Grove — Five murders near Buffalo Grove — Henry Dodge; brief sketch of — March to Kirker's farm — Col .

Dodge's address to the volunteers — He, with his forces, joins the regulars at Dixon — He escorts Gen. Brady to Ottawa — He returns to his headquarters — Gen. Atkinson engages the Sioux and Menomonees as allies — Col. W. S. Hamilton commands the Sioux — Col. Stambaugh commands the Menomonees — Menomonees kill two fugitive Sacs — James Aubrey killed — Murders near Spafford's ford — "Apple" killed in his saddle — Col. Dodge pursues the savages and overtakes them at the Peckatonica— Battle of the Peckatonica — Official account — Names of those engaged — Arrival of Sioux — Three of Capt. Stephenson's men Wiled — Attack on Apple river fort — Black Hawk's account of it — Contest with Maj. Dement's Spy battalion — Black Hawk's account of the engagement — Murder at Sinsinawa mound — Number of settlers killed — Indians concentrated near Lake Koshkonong — Gen. Posey and Col. Dodge meet at Fort Hamilton and form left wing — Division of the army — The left wing marches to the First lake — Change of position— March to Fort Atkinson — Judge Charles Dunn shot by a sentinel — Ambush — Indians anxious to escape — Troops sent to Fort Winnebago for provisions, the return route via rapids of Rock River — Effective force — Fresh trail of Indians found — Hot pursuit to the Four Lakes — Pursuit continued to the Wisconsin River — Battle of Wisconsin Heights — Casualties — Indians disappear — Army re-united at Helena — Pursuit — Battle of the Bad Axe— Casualties — Flight of Black Hawk and Prophet to the Lemonweir — Capture and surrender of the fugitives — Gen. Scott and his forces — Victims of the cholera — Losses by the -war Roster of Col. Dodge's command — Black Hawk a prisoner — At Washington — At Fortress Monroe — Sent home — His death.

Chapter XIII. Civil Government

— 1512 TO 1831. Claims of Dominion — Military authority — Ponce de Leon first Governor — 1537, De Soto Governor — 1565, Melendez de Aviles, hereditary Governor — French claims of dominion — 1627, Charter of 100 associates — 166:*!, company of the West Indies — 1671, French claims of Sault St. Mary — 1682, La Salle claimed Louisiana for France — 1689 to 1097, Frontenac Governor — 1700, De Calliers Governor-General — 1711, Louisiana an independent government — DeMuvs — Artaquette — 1712, Cadillac — 1714, Vaudreuil — 1728, Beauharnois-- 1753, Gov. Dinwiddie claims dominion in the valley of the Mississippi—War between France and England — 1762-3, treaty of peace — Division of territory — Inhabitants of " Illinois county " acknowledge jurisdiction of TJ.