The New Sailing Directory for the navigation of the North Sea, describing ... the Eastern Coasts of Great Britain, ... likewise the Coasts of France, ... Denmark and Norway, to the Cattegat ... The sixth edition ... enlarged

Front matter

T THE NEW SAILING DIRECTORY FOR THE $,ortf)-£ta; COMPOSED TO ACCOMPANY THE LARGE CHART PUBLISHED BY MR. LAURIE, AND EQUALLY ADAPTED O ALL PARTICULAR CHARTS OP ITS COASTS AND HARBOURS THE SIXTH EDITION, REVISED, ENLARGED, AND MATERIALLY IMPROVED, FROM RECENT SURVEYS. THE NEW SAILING DIRECTORY FOR THE NAVIGATION OF THE NORTH-SEA, WITH ALL ITS HARBOURS AND DESCRIBING, MOST PARTICULARLY, THE CHANNELS OF THE THAMES, FROM LONDON, WITH THE EASTERN COASTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. THE LIGHT-HOUSES, &c. From the DOWNS to SHETLAND, Inclusive. LIKEWISE, THE COASTS OF FRANCE, OF BELGIUM, THE NETHERLANDS, GERMANY, DENMARK, AND NORWAY, Œo tf)e ©attteatt COMPOSED FROM A GREAT VARIETY OF ORIGINAL AND VALUABLE DOCUMENTS, REGULATED BY THE ORDNANCE AND ADMIRALTY SURVEYS, THE ASTRONOMIC OBSERVATIONS OP CAPT. JOSEPH HUDDART, F.R.S., &C. ; INCLUDING THE SUBSTANCE OF ALL THE INSTRUCTIONS ISSUED BY THE DIFFERENT CORPORATIONS OF TRINITY-HOUSE, THE BOARD OF TRADE AT HAMBURG, &C. RELATIVE TO THE NAVIGATION OF THIS SEA.

By JOHN PURDY, Hvdr. THE SIXTH EDITION, REVISED, ENLARGED, AND MATERIALLY IMPROVED FROM RECENT SURVEYS. <3gn L ONDON: PRINTED FOR R. H. LAURIE, CfcatMSriter to txjt aDinitaltp, t$e honorable Corporation of tJrfnftj'tyoufie, »c. NO. 53, FLEET STREET. 1838. *#* COMMUNICATIONS, FOR THE FUTURE IMPROVEMENT OF THIS WORK, ARE RESPECTFULLY SOLICITED. [ŒntmH at Stattonm' l^all.] ERRATA. Page 77, in the Note, for Marquis read Duke. Page 79. Sunderland Lights. An additional light, apparently red, was established in 1858, as shown in the description of Lighthouses, page xi. Page 150, Vissengen, attached to the View, to be Vlissingen. PBlNTKtf BT J. RIDEK, 14, BARTHOLOMEW CLOSE, LONDON.

ADVERTISEMENT.

Section I

— The RIVER THAMES, from London Bridge to the Nore and Medway • Jurisdiction for the Conservancy of the River, &c, page 3 : Bye-laws of the port, 3 : Description of the River, &c, 7 : Upper Pool, 7 : Lower Pool, 8 : Liraehouse and Greenwich Reaches. 9: Blackwall Reach, 10: Bugsby s and Woolwich Reaches, 11 : Gallions, 12: Barking and Half-way Reaches, 13: Erith Reach and Rands, 14: Long and St. Clement's Reaches, 15: Grays and Gravesend Reaches, 16: the Hope, 17: Sea Reach, 18: Leigh Road and Southend, 19 : the Nore Light, 20: Tides in the Thames, 20: Sheerness Harbour, 21. Section II.— The SWIN and KING'S CHANNEL, from the Nore to the East end of the Gunfleet 22 Sheerness to the Swin, 22 : Swin or King's Channel, 22 : Description of the Buoys and Beacons, with the marks, &c, 24 : Directions for Sailing from the Nore through the Swin and King's Channel, 26 : Tides in the Swin and King's Channel, 28.

Section III. — KING'S CHANNEL and Shipway to Orfordness, and thence to Harwich Harbour 28 Description ofthe Shoals, Buoys, Beacons, &c, 28: Shoals without Orfordness, 30 : Aldboro' Knapes, 31 : Directions for Sailing from the King's Channel to Orfordness, &c, 32 : Orfordness to Sea, 33. Hosley Bay to Harwich, Description and Directions, 33 : Harwich Harbour, 35 : Goldmer's Gat, Wallet, and Naze-Flats, to Harwich, 37 : Tides between the King's Channel and Orfordness, 38. Section IV. — KING'S CHANNEL and Orfordness to the Downs .... 39 Description of the Shoals, 39 : Directions, 40 : Goodwin and floating Light, 41. Section V.— ORFORDNESS to FOULNESS, including Yarmouth Roads and Hasborough Gat 42 Description, 42 : Positions of the chief points, 42 : Pakefield and Lowestoff, 42,; Shoals between Thorpness and Wintertonness, including Yarmouth Roads, 43 ; Appearance of the coast to the southward of Lowestoff, 43.

Directions for Sailing from Orfordness through the Lowestoff or Inner Channel, Yarmouth Roads, and the Cockle Gat, 47. Hasboro' Gat, and the Coast thence to Foulness, 49 : Sailing in through the Gatway, 51 : Sailing out through the Gatway, 51 : Foulness Light, &c. 52. Tides between Orfordness and Foulness, 52. Section VI.— FOULNESS to FLAMBOROUGH HEAD and Scarborough, including the River Humber, &c 53 General Remarks, 53 : Description ofthe Shoals, 53 : Foulness to Lynn Roads and Boston Deeps ; including Blakeney, Wells, &c, 57 : Lynn Deeps in General, 60 : Port of Lynn, 61. Boston Deeps and thence to the Humber, 62 : From the Humber southward to Boston and Lynn Deeps, 64. Foulness to the Humber, with Directions for that River, 65 : the Spurn Point, &c, 66 : Beacons and Lights, 67 : the Hawke, 68 : Grimsby to Hull, 68.

Spurn CONTENTS. V PAGE Spurn Point to Scarborough, 70 : Bridlington Bay and Harbour, 70 : Flamborough Head, 72 : Scarborough, 73. Tides between Foulness and Scarborough, 73. Section VII.— SCARBOROUGH to St. ABB'S HEAD: including the Farn Islands, Holy Island, &c 74? Robin Hood's Bay and Whitby, 74 : River Tees, 76 : Directions for Sailing into the Tees, on advancing from the northward, 77 : to Sail in, on advancing from the southward, 77: Proposed Harbour at Redcar, note, 78 : Hartlepool, 78 : Seaham, 79: Sunderland, ?9: Tynemouth or Tinmouth,79 : Coquet Island, 80. Staples, Farn Islands, and opposite Coast, 81 : Captain Johnson's description, 81 : Farn Islands, &c, 83 : Staples, 85 : Directions for the passage between the Farn and Staples, 85 : Anchorages in and about the Farn Islands, 86.

The Coast from Warnham Flats to Berwick, including Holy Island, 87 : Berwick, 88 : Holy Island, 89 : Shoals between the Fain Islands and Holy Island, 89. Sailing Directions. — Farn Island Channel or Fairway, 90 : Skate Road, 91 : Holy Island Harbour, 91. Dangers northward of Holy Island, 92 : Directions for proceeding to Berwick, with view, 93. Tides about Berwick and Holy Island, 94. General Directions for Ships passing the Farn Islands, &c, from the southward and northward, as issued from the Trinity House, 94 : Description of Lighthouses, 95 ; General Instructions for the use ofthe lead in passing the Islands, for anchoring, &c, 95 ; for Sailing through the Sound to the northward, 96 ; for Sailing within the Lights, or anchoring in the Roads, if bound to the northward, 96: for Sailing within the lights to the southward, 96; General Caution, 97.

Account of the Signals made use of at Bambro' Castle, for the relief of Ships or vessels in distress, 97. Tides between Scarboro' and St. Abb's Head, 98 : about the Farn Islands, 99. Section VIII.— St. ABB'S HEAD to BUCHANNESS ; including the Frith of Forth, to Leith, &c 100 St. Abb's Head and Dunbar, 100: Description and appearance of the Bass Rock, 101 : North Berwick and May Island, 101 : Lighthouses of May Island and Inch-Keith, 102 : Rocks in the Frith, 103 : Leith, 104 : North side of the Frith to Fifeness, 104. Sailing Directions for the Frith, 105 : Track to Leith, 106 : Leith Roads, 106 : thence up the Frith, 107. Fifeness to the Red Head, including the River Tay to Dundee, 108 : the Bell Rock and Lighthouse, 108: Frith of Tay, 110: River Tay, 111 : Dundee and Arbrolh, 112. Red Head to Buchanness, 113 : Montrose, 113 : Tod Head to Aberdeen, 114 : Newburg and Buchanness, 115.

Tides between Berwick and Buchanness, 115. Section IX.— BUCHANNESS to the PENTLAND FRITH, inclusive; with the Islands of Orkney and Shetland 117 General Description, 117 : Peterhead, &c, 117: Kinnaird's Head and Lighthouse, 118 : Cromarty, 119: Tarbetness and Lighthouse, 120: Ord Head to Duncansby Head, 120 : Dunnet Head and Light, 120 : Cape Wrath and Lighthouse, 121. Pentland Frith and Orkney Islands, 121 : Pentland Sherries, 121 : Directions for going through the Frith, 121 : General Remarks on the Orkney Islands, 123 : Eastern side of Orkney, 124: Start Point and Dennisness, 125: Western side of Orkney, 126 : Fair Isle, 126. The Islands of Shetland, 127: Positions ascertained by Mr. Geo. Thomas, R.N., 127 : Sumbro' Head and Lighthouse, 127 : General description of Shetland, 128: Quendal Bay, &c, 128: Lerwick, 129 : Balta Sound, 130: Harbours in Yell, North Maven, &c, 131 : Western side of Shetland, 131 : St. Magnus' Bay, 132 : Ronas Hill, 133 : Fulo or Foul Island, 133.

Tides VI CONTENTS. PAGE Tides between Buchanness and Pentland Frith, and among the Islands of Orkney and Shetland, 133. Section X.— FRANCE, BELGIUM, and HOLLAND, from Cape Grisnez to the Texel 138 General Description ofthe Coast, 138 : Calais to Cape Grisnez, 138 : Appearance of Calais Cliff and Town, 139 : Gravelines, 140: Dunkirk, 140 : Nieuport, 141 : Ostend, description and appearance, 141 : the Flemish Banks, 142 : the Dunkirk and In-shore Banks, 144. Directions for Sailing between Calais and Ostend, 145 : Gravelines and Dunkirk, 145 : Nieuport, 147 : Ostend, 148. Ostend to the River Maas or Maes, 149: Walcheren, 150: Description and view of Flushing, 150: Schouwen, Goeree, and Voorn, 151 : Description of the Banks and Channels, 151 : Wieling Channel, 151 : Directions for the same, 152 : Banks and Channels northward of the AVieling, 153 : Banks and Channels on the N.W. and Westward of Walcheren, 154.

The Deurloo Channel, 156: Oost or East Gat of the Western, Scheld, 157: Road of Flushing, 158 : Antwerp, 159. Roompot and Eastern Scheld, 159: Banks in the Offing, 159: Banjaard or Banjart, 159 : Veere Gat, 160: Channel to Zierikzee, 161 : Brouwershaven, 162: Directions for the same, 163: Goeree Gat to Hellevoetsluys, 164: Directions, 165 : Quax Deep, 166 : the River Maas or Maes, 166 : Brielle to Rotterdam, 167. River Maas or Maes to the Texel, 167: Scheveling to Wyk-op-Zee, 167: Egmond-op-Zee and Lights, 168: Camperdown, 168: Kykdown and Lighthouse, 168: the Texel, 168. Directions for the Texel, 169 : North Gat and Texel Roads, 169 : Grand Canal from the Helder to Amsterdam, 169. Tides between Calais and the Texel, 170: at the Entrance of the Scheld, by Captain J. C. Ryk, 171 ; In the East Scheld, Brouwershaven Gat, &c. by Captain Keuchenius, 173 : In and before the Gat of Goeree and the Brielle Channel, by Captain Ryk, 174.

Section XL— HOLLAND and GERMANY, from the Texel to the Eyder, and thence to the Skaw Point 1 75 General Description and Directions, 175 : Islands and Channels between the Texel and the Ems, 175: Entrances of the Vlie Stream, 176 : Amelander Gat, 177 : Vriesche Gat or Groningen Channel, 177. Directions for the Ems to Delfzyl and Emden, 177 : Western Ems, 178 : Eastern Ems, 179: Homme Gat, 179: Heiligoland, 180: the River Weser, 181: the River Elbe, 183 : Figures of the Marks for the Channel of the Elbe, 185 : Directions for sailing in by day, 186 : by night, 187 : general directions for, and remarks on, the navigation ofthe Elbe, 189. Directions for the River Eyder, &c. 190: Canal from the Eyder to the Baltic, 190 : River Eyder to the Skaw Point, 191. Light and signals at the Skaw', 192 : the Agger Channel, from the North Sea to the Cattegat, 193 : Anholdt Light in the Cattegat, Note, 1 92.

Agger Channel, from the North Sea to the Cattegat, 193. Tides between the Texel and Skaw Point, 193. Section XII.— GENERAL REMARKS on, with Directions for, the NORTH SEA, and in passing over from the Thames to the Cattegat. with a Description of the Southern Coast of Norway 194 General Rules to be observed in sailing to and from the Cattegat, 194 : on neglect of Soundings, and a recommendation of Mr. Massey's Sounding Machines, 195. The Coast of Norway, 195 : Lindersnœs or the Naze, 195: Mandal, Hellis-oe and Flekker-oe, 195: Harbour of Christiansand, 197: General Remarks on the Coast, 158 : Regulations of the Pilotage fur the Harbours in Norway 198 : Table of Pilotage, 200. The THE PHARONOLOGY. VII THE PHARONOLOGY : Or, DESCRIPTION of LIGHT -HOUSES, Light-vessels, &c. with the pages in which they are more fully described in the following work.

LIGHTHOUSES, in general. — The lighthouses hereafter described, are mostly on the improved construction, but varying in height, colour, and figure, as well as in the intensity and apparent colour of the light; and they may be classed according to the distances from which the light may be seen in the clearest weather. We use the word brilliant, to express a light of the natural colour, and which, when condensed and seen from a great distance, appears like a bright star above the horizon. Lights of this de scription, sufficiently elevated, may be seen at a distance of seven or eight leagues ; those of a second class, at five or six leagues ; those of the third, at three or four leagues. Of the last are those which we generally denominate Harbour-lights. Tide-lights, seen at four or five miles off, are kept up only at certain times of the tide, when vessels of a specified draught may enter, and to these lights particular signals are frequently annexed.

Flags, mostly of red or blue, are generally exhibited in the day-time in the tide harbours, during the term of tide denoted by lights in the night. LIGHT-VESSELS, or Floating-Lights, form a distinct class ; these are illuminated, and distinguished by having one, two, or three, lanterns, and which appear steady or in motion, according to the weather or agitation of the sea. These vessels show a ball or flag by day, and are furnished with gongs or bells, to be sounded or tolled in foggy weather, or when snow showers render them invisible from any distance. Every Trinity Light-vessel is painted red; ihe name of her station is painted on her sides ; and, for its flag of a red colour, formerly exhibited, a ball of the same colour is hoisted at the main-mast head, which, in the event of the vessel's driving from its proper station, is to be taken down.

(Official Notice, 21th Sept. 1837J Notice was given, dated Trinity House, London, 25th of January, 1832, that the bells which it had been the usage to ring in foggy weather, on board the Floating- Light-vessels belonging to the corporation, had been removed, and Chinese Gongs placed instead thereof. These instruments will be sounded during fogs, at regular intervals of ten minutes, and will, it is expected, by the power and great peculiarity of the sound which they emit, effectually warn the mariner of his proximity to some one ofthe corporation's Light-vessels, or other light establishment at which they may be hereafter adopted : and in reference thereto, notice was also given, that it is the intention ofthe corporation, that gongs shall be furnished for the like purpose, at certain of the lighthouse stations, the particulars of which will be hereafter advertised.

BEACONS, BUOYS, &c. — Beacons and buoys are of various forms and colours, as shown in the ensuing descriptions ; but here it may be noticed, that nun-buoys, of a green colour, are now exclusively used by the Trinity-House to denote the situation of Wrecks. Here, too, it may be noticed that, in lieu of vanes attached lo buoys, balls or globes will, in general, be hereafter substituted ; being more durable and equally effective : and, in place of a number, by which a buoy was formerly distinguished, the name is now painted thereon : N.B. By the Act 6 Geo. IV. cap. 125, any person who shall run down, or run foul of, any buoy or beacon, shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding 50/., nor less than' 10/., in addition to the ex pense of replacing the same, or making good the damage so occasioned.

The NORE LIGHT-VESSEL, moored in 3 fathoms, at the eastern extremity of the Nore Sand, exhibits one brilliant light by night and a red ball by day. The vessel is painted red, as above described, with the word Nore, in white letters, on each side. A gong is sounded in thick weather, every ten minutes. The height of the lantern above the level ofthe water is 33 feet, and the light may be seen at 10 miles off. See pages 20 and 21. WEST SWIN. — Two Light-vessels, intended for the West Swin, were preparing in March, 1838; one of them was expected to be placed on the Flat of the Mouse, and the other THE PHARONOLOGV. other at a few miles to the N.E., near the elbow of the Maplin : but the future situations were not exactly fixed when this work was committed to the press. SWIN MIDDLE.— A Floating Light at 4J miles N.E. by E., easterly, from the Sheers Beacon, with one brilliant light at 36 feet above the water, and a red ball at the mast-head, &c. as above explained.

Page 23. SUNK LIGHT- VESSEL, off the N.E. end of the Sunk Sand, for the King's Channel, &c. One brilliant light, at 30 feet above the sea, may be seen at three leagues off. A red ball and gong as above. Pages 26, 27, 28. HARWICH LIGHTHOUSES ; too,— for Harwich Harbour, &c. The highest is of gray brick, 60 feet high above the level of high water ; the lower is white, and 27 feet only. They exhibit brilliant fixed lights, and bear from each other N.W. by N. Pages 35, 36. NAZE of ESSEX.— A tower on the Naze, the top of which is 138 feet above the level of high water, and Walton Hall, are two conspicuous objects on this coast, as shown in page 26. SHIPWASH.— At the N.E. end of the Shipwash, a light-vessel, similar to that of the Swin Middle, above-mentioned, was first stationed here, in 4| fathoms, in January, 1837.

Page 29. GALLOPER LIGHT-VESSEL,— near the South end of the Galloper, for avoiding that sand, the Kentish Knock, &c. ; exhibits two brilliant lights at 32 feet above the level of the sea, which may be seen at ten miles off. A gong in thick weather, every ten minutes. Page 39. KENTISH KNOCK ; a buoy, striped black and white, from the nozzle to the head, a white circle upon the head, and a black centre, with the words Kentish Knock, in white letters, upon it, carrying a beacon or staff, as shown in page 40. In 1829 a watch buoy, black, with the head thereof half white, was laid down in 5 fathoms, at about a cable's length S.W. by S. from the beacon-buoy. NORTH-FORELAND LIGHTHOUSE,— on the North Foreland, for coming in from sea, between Margate Roads and the Gull Stream, &c. ; a white tower of the first class, of which the lantern is 340 feet above the level of high water : the light, brilliant and fifed, may be seen six or seven leagues off.

Page 41. This tower, a strong octagon of flint, was originally built for a coal-fire, in 1683 ; but was mo dernized and greatly improved in 1790. The height of the building, from the lantern to the base, is 50 feet. See, further, our Directory for the English Channel. GOODWIN LIGHT-VESSEL, off the North Sand Head ofthe Goodwin, for coming in toward the Downs, &c. This vessel exhibits three brilliant lights on separate masts, at 35 and 23 feet above the level of the sea ; the main-mast being the highest. A red ball by day and gong for foggy weather. Page 41. ORFORDNESS LIGHTHOUSES, two, for the Inner Channel to Orfordness, and clearing Aldboro' Knapes, &c. bear, when in a line, N.E. by E. £ E. and S.W. by W. £ W. They are built of stone, and are, respectively, 83 and 55 feet in height from the base.

The lights are brilliant, fixed, and may be seen more than seven leagues off. Pages 32, 33, 40. PAKEFIELD.— A lighthouse established in 1832, at three miles to the south -westward of Lowestoff South-ness. The structure is white, and exhibits a light coloured red, which distinguishes it from the other lights on shore. The light is 68 feet above the level of the sea, and may be seen more than 4 leagues off. Pages 42, 48. "During certain states ofthe atmosphere, a faint light, from Pakefield lighthouse, may be seen at both the South Newcome and Barnard Buoys ; and as the lighthouse bears from the Barnerd Buoy N. by W. W., and from the South Newcome Buoy W. by N., the commanders of vessels are recommended, when working between these buoys, to tack short at those bearings. Vessels navigating with a fair wind should keep the light bearing N.W." Page 45.

LOWESTOFF.— Two Lighthouses, as a guide toward Lowestoff Roads, &c. They stand within Lowestoff Ness, and in a line bear N. § E. at half a mile asunder, and exhibit brilliant fixed lights. The lights in one formerly led to the Passage, but now to tlie Bar ofthe Stanford. Page 42. STANFORD LIGHT- VESSEL, between the Corton Sand and Lowestotf Inner Shoal, COAST d¥ ENGLAND. IX Shoal, and off the N.E. end of the Newcome, in 2\ fathoms. It exhibits two brilliant lights, placed horizontally, at 23 feet above the sea, and which may be seen at three leagues off. A red ball by day, and gong for thick weather, &c. Pages 44, 45. ST. NICHOLAS Light-vessel, within St. Nicholas Gat, with a brilliant light, at 36 feet above the water, similar to those of the Swin Middle and Shipwash, above described. Page 46.

NELSON'S MONUMENT at Yarmouth, with the church, &c, are excellent day-marks for Yarmouth Roads. A figure of the monument, standing on the Denes, is given on our chart ofthe Eastern coast, and it is noticed in the Directions hereafter, page 48. WINTERTON LIGHTHOUSE, in Norfolk; a stone tower, on crown-lease, built in 1790. It stands on Winterton Point, is 52 feet in height, and exhibits a brilliant fixed light, which may be seen nearly twenty miles off. Its appearance, with the objects near it, is given on the chart of the East Coast, from the drawing of Captain Huddart. NEWARP LIGHT-VESSEL, at the entrance of Hasboro' Gat.— This vessel, which formerly exhibited two lights only, now shows three brilliant lights, upon separate masts, of which the central is the highest ; and it is thus distinguished from a new light-vessel off the northern part of Hasbro' Sand, which shows two lights.

The main-mast is 37, and the other masts 22, feet high above the level of the sea. The lights may be seen at three leagues off. For the words Hasbro' Gat, formerly on the vessel, the name Newarp has been substituted. Page 49. HASBOROUGH LIGHTHOUSES, for sailing in and out of Hasborough Gat.— Two towers, at half a mile from each other, of a red colour, the lanterns, respectively, 100 and 137 feet above the level of high water. The buildings from the base to the lantern, are 63 and 77 feet in height. They exhibit brilliant fixed lights, which may be seen at 15 and 17 miles off. As a leading mark for Hasboro' Gat, they bear, in a line, nearly N.W. Page 51. HASBOROUGH SAND, Floating Light. — Notice was given, dated Trinity-House, London, 6th of January, 1832, that the corporation had caused a floating light-vessel to be moored off the north end of Hasborough Sand ; the lights on board which were first exhibited on the evening of the first of January, 1 832.

These lights are exhibited from two lanterns, raised on separate masts, 37 feet high ; and the vessel is moored in 13 J fathoms, as shown in page 50. The lights may be seen at three leagues off. CROMER or FOULNESS.— A lighthouse of stone, represented in page 52. The height ofthe lantern is 274 feet above the sea at high water. It exhibits a brilliant light, which revolves, and shows a face every minute. In clear weather the light may be seen more than seven leagues off. LYNN WELL, Floating Light. — Moored in 22 fathoms, off the Hook of the Long Sand. It exhibits two brilliant lights, at 32 feet above the level of the sea, and has a red ball, gong, &c. as the other Trinity lights. The lights may be seen ten miles off. Page 60. CHAPEL LIGHT, on Hunstanton Point. — An old lighthouse, coloured white, with a bright fixed light, at 85 feet above the sea.

The height of the building is 30 feet. Seen at more than three leagues off. Page 60. LYNN and WISBEACH, Harbour Lights. — The lights shown at the pilot-house, in the lower part ofthe town of Lynn, are of gas, and lighted only in dark nights or mornings in winter, to lead vessels, when they are in one, clear of the high part of the Vinegar Middle, &c. but they are useful to pilots only. For the Wisbeach Channel there are two tide-lights, one on each jetty-head, at the entrance of the New Cut, useful to pilots for making the entrance. These are lighted when there is sufficient water for admitting vessels, which may be lying in Crab's Hole, ready to enter. Page 62. DUDGEON LIGHT-VESSEL, upon the western side of the Dudgeon Bank, in 8 fathoms ; exhibits one brilliant light, at 33 feet above the sea, which may be seen at 10 miles off: a red ball, gong, &c. Page 56.

SPURN LIGHT-VESSEL, for showing the proximity of the New Sand, &c— Moored in 8 fathoms, at 3* miles S.E. by E. from the Spurn lighthouse ; exhibits one brilliant light, which may be seen at three leagues off. A red flag, gong, &c. Page 66. SPURN POINT LIGHTHOUSE.— A dark brick structure, 90 feet high ; lantern 100 b feet X THE PHARONOLOGY. feet above high water ; exhibits a fixed light, which may be seen at five leagues off: but, on the sector between N.W. by W. and N.N.W. J W. (comprehending the New Shoal or Chequer Sand) the light appears of a red colour. On the last bearing the red light disappears, and the brilliant is again in sight. The proprietors ofthe lights on the Spurn Point gave notice, in January, 1830, that the continued and rapid encroachments ofthe sea had rendered it impracticable to continue the exhibition of the light in the low or south-easternmost lighthouse on the point, as formerly, and that arrangements had been made for the exhibition of a temporary light, in the same line of bearing from the high light, (N.W. I N.) until the necessary measures can be taken for the exhibition of a light of a more permanent description.

RIVER HUMBER.— The corporation of Trinity-House, of Kingston upon Hull, gave notice, in November, 1830, that they should place a light-vessel near the Bull Sand, which vessel was first lighted on the 1st of January, 1833. The light is brilliant, in a single lan tern, raised on a mast. The vessel is moored in 4 \ fathoms, at about one mile and a half from the Spurn Point, with the high light bearing N.E. J E. as shown in the directions. During the day the vessel displays a blue flag, and a gong is sounded in hazy and dark weather. Page 66. Under the orders of the same Corporation a Beacon, painted red and 50 feet high, has been erected on Donna Hook : and another, painted black, 60 feet high, on Clea Common, for the use of vessels entering the Humber, as shown in page 67. KILLINGHOLME and PAULL.— In 1836, the Corporation of Trinity-House in Hull established lighthouses at Killingholme and Paull, on the Banks of the Humber.

Two lighthouses now stand at South Killingholme, and one at Paull, 3% miles higher up, on the opposite side. All exhibit brilliant fixed lights. These lights are more particularly described in the directions hereafter, page 67. When those of Killingholme are in one they bear N.W. a N., and will lead ships and vessels, coming from sea, in a clear course up the river from the Spurn. On approaching them, the light at Paull will be seen, when vessels alter their course to the northward, but do not steer for it until the high light at Killingholme bears W.S.W. FLAMBOROUGH HEAD LIGHTHOUSE.— A white tower, 72 feet in height; its lantern elevated 214 feet above the level of high water. The lights revolve, and have three faces, of seven reflectors each, of which one appears full in every two minutes.

One of the faces is coloured red, and the light from that face is, consequently, not visible so far or so strongly as the others ; and when, in hazy weather, or at great distances, only two faces are seen, the interval of time between them will be two minutes and four minutes alternately. In clear weather the brilliant lights may be seen from a distance of six leagues. Page 72. SCARBOROUGH. — A tide light, upon a white tower on Vincent's Pier-head'; to be left on the starboard side when entering the harbour. It is red, and may be seen at nine miles off. Its height is 41 feet above the level of high water, and the light is kept on while there are 12 feet of water in the harbour. By day a blue flag is hoisted for the same period. Page 72. WHITBY. — A stone lighthouse, on the western pier-head, exhibits a brilliant fixed light, at 83 feet above the sea, which is kept on two hours before and after high water.

The height of the tower, from the base to the lantern, is 60 feet, and the light may be seen four leagues off. In the day a flag is hoisted on the western cliff, during the same period of tide, or while there are, upon the bar, 8 feet of water. Page 75. HARTLEPOOL. — A lighthouse, with harbour-light, of a red colour, on the pier-head. Vessels from the northward open it when it bears W.N.W. Immediately below the red light is a brilliant tide-light, kept in from half flood to half ebb. Two other lights, red serve as a guide into the harbour. In the day time a red flag is hoisted at half flood, and continued until half-ebb. Page 78. SUNDERLAND. — Two lighthouses, one on each pier; the northern is 64 feet in height, the southern 23 feet, and the lanterns are 73 and 32 feet above the level of high water.