New Sailing Directions for the Mediterranean Sea, the Adriatic, or Gulf of Venice, the Black Sea, Grecian Archipelago and the Seas of Marmora and Azov, ... written to accompany ... the new General Chart of the Mediterranean Sea ... A new edition ... corrected

Part I. From The Strait Of Gibraltar To The River Var On

THE NORTHERN COAST; AND THE COASTS OF XftAROCCO AND ALGIERS, FROM CEUTA TO CAPE FERRO, OK THE SOUTHERN SIDE . CONTAINING INSTRUCTIONS EOR NAVIGATING THE VARIOUS COASTS, ISLANDS, BAYS, PORTS, AND HARBOURS; AND FOR Avoiding the Rocks, Slioals, and other dangers COMPILED FROM THE scientific antr JWobcm Sburbess, Fopagcs, anfc Œrabels OF THE MOST DISTINGUISHED NAVIGATORS. ORIGINALLY COMPILED J. "VV. NOR.IE, Hydro grapher, Autlwr of a Complete Epitome of Practical Navigation, and other Nautical Workt. g Ncfo WSition, REVISED TO THE PRESENT TIME, By J. S. HOBBS, F. R. G. S., HYDROGRAPHER. ftonOott : PRINTED FOR, AND PUBLISHED BY, C. AVLLSON, (late J. W. HOME &. WILSON,) Chartseller to the Admiralty, the Hon. East India Company, and Corporation of Trinity Hou. At tbe Navigation "Warehouse and Naval Academy.

Ui 157, LEADENHALL STREET, near the ROYAL EXCHANGE. 1848. ANY REMARKS OR COMMUNICATIONS FROM OUR NAUTICAL FRIENDS, FOR THE FUTURE IMPROVEMENT OF THIS, OR OTHER OF OUR WORKS, ARE RESPECTFULLY SOLICITED. Entered at Stationers' Hall. LONDON: — K1RKALDY AND HOBBS, PRINTERS, No. 30, MlNORIES. CONTENTS. -♦ FART I. Section I. THE STRAIT OF GIBRALTAR. 1. From Cape Trafalgar to Gibraltar 1 Cape Trafalgar, Altos or Heights of Meca, 1 ; Aceytera Rocks, Paloma, Tarifa, Cabezos Rock, 2 ; Pearl Rock, 3 ; Algeciras and Gibraltar, 4 ; Rock of Gib raltar, 5. 2. From Cape Spartel to Ceuta and Tetuan 6 Cape Spartel, Tangier Bay, 6 ; Ceuta, 8 ; Tetuan Bay, 9 ; Observations on the Tides and Currents in the Strait of Gibraltar, 10; Observations on making for, and Sailing through, the Strait of Gibraltar, either from the westward or east ward, 11.

Section II. THE COAST OF SPAIN. 1. From Gibraltar to Cape de Gata, or Gat 14 Estapona, 14; Castle of St. Luis and Town of Marbella, Malaga, 15; Velez Malaga, 16; Nerja, Herradudura, Almunecar Town, 17; Salobrena Beach, Motril, Cape Sacratif, Adra, 18; Alboran Islands and adjacent Shoals, 19; Bay and Town of Almeria, Cape de Gat, 20; General Remarks, 21. 2. From Cape de Gat to Cape St. Antonio 21 Mojacar, 22; Almazarron, Cape Tinosa, Cartgena or Carthagena, 23; Bay of Escombrera, Cape Palos, 25; Cape Cervera, 26; Santo Pola, Piana Island, Alicante, 27 ; Cape de la Huertas, Benidorme, Bays of Altea and Calpe, 28 ; Capes Nao and St. Antonio, 29. 3. From Cape St. Antonio to Cape de Creux 30 Cullera, 30 ; Bay and City of Valencia, Murviedo, 31 : Columbretes, Port or Haven of the Alfaques, 32; River Ebro, 33; Tarragona, 34; Barcelona, 35; Blanes, Cape Tosa, 36; St. Feliu or Philiou, Palamos, 37; Capes St. Sebastian and Begu or Bagur, Gulf and Bay of Rosas, 38 ; Bay of Cadaquie, 39 ; Cape de Creux, 40.

A CONTENTS. Section III. THE BALEARIC ISLANDS, Comprehending Iviza, Formentera, Majorca, and Minorca. Iviza, 41; Port Iviza, Cape Martinet, Cala Longa, 42; Port San Antonio, 43; Formentera, 44; Valverde's Bank, Majorca or Mallorca, 46; Bay of Palma, 47; Cabrera Islands, 48; Cala Longa, Port Colon, 49; Bay of Alcudia, 50; Bay of Pollenza, 51; Port Soller, Minorca or Menorca, 52; Island of Ayre, 53; Port Mahon, 54; Capes Mola and Musene, Vives, 55; Ports Dadaya and Moli, Port or Haven of Fornells, 56; Port Ciudadella; Rocks and Shoals reported to lie about the environs of the Balearic Islands, 57. Section IV. THE COAST OF FRANCE, From Cape de Creux to the River Var. Port Vendre, 58 ; Collioure, Port and City of Narbonne, 59 ; Cetta or Cette, 60 ; Montpelier, Aigus Mortes, River Rhone, 6 1 ; Martigues, Bone, Cape Couroune, 62 ; Marseilles, 63 ; Sormiou or Port Miou, Cassis, La Ciotat, 65 ; Bandol, Brusc, Cape Sicie, St. Elmes Road, 66 ; Toulon, 67 : Point St. Margaret, Bay or Road of Hyeres, 68; Islands of Hyeres, 69; Bormes Road, 70; Gulf of Frejus, 71: Isles St. Margaret and Honoria, Gulfs of Napoule and Gourjean, 72; Antibes, 73.

Section V THE COASTS OF MAROCCO AND ALGIERS, From Ceuta to Cape Ferro. Cape Trcs Forcas or Three Points, 74; Melilla, Zaphran Islands, River Molouyah, Capes Molonia, Hone, and Noe, 75; Aresqoul or Ishgoun Island Capes Ousso and Fegalo, Mount Mcsaita, Cape Sigale, Habibas Islands 76- Cape Lindles, Plane Island, Mers el Kebir, Oran, Cape Ferrat, Bay of Arzen 77; River Habrali, Mostaganem, Shelef Point, Cape Ivi, Point Basse, Cape Hagmess, 78; Colombi Islet, Cape Tenes, Port of Scherschel, Ras el Amouclie 79; Sydy Ferongj, Ras Agnatby, Point Pescade or Cape Caxine, Currents from Algiers to the Zaphran Islands, 80; Bay and City of Algiers, 81; Capes Mati fou and Bengut, Cape Tcdles, 83 ; Capes Corbelin and Sigli, Isle Pisan Cane Carbon, Bay of Bujaya, 84; Cape Cavalla, Point Jigeli, 85; Cape Bouger'oni or the Seven Capes, Bay and City ofCollo, Port of Stora, 86; Cape Skikida, Cur rents from Algiers to Galita, 87 ; State of the winds on the North Coast of Africa, between Oran, Algiers, and Bona, 88.

ADDENDA. Since this Work teas published, the following alterations have been made, affect' ing the navigation therein described, and which the mariner will please to mark with his pen in their respective places, before perusing the directions therein given. April, 1851. ALGECIRAS LIGHT.— Gibraltar, June 6th, 1850.— The following change in the light usually exhibited at Algeciras, is communicated for the information of masters of vessels tacking about in the bay during the night, or desiring to anchor in the roadstead. The fixed light, hitherto situated on the beach at Algeciras, has been removed to Green Island, bearing S.S.E., about a mile from its former position, where it will be lighted after the lath instant. It is at an elevation of 46 feet above the level of the sea. From the S.E. quarter the full light will be seen; from the N.E. and S.AV. only the half-light, and from the north to west the light is invisible.

(Page 4.) The position of the skoal off Estapona, mentioned in the Directions, page 9, has been accurately determined by the Nile steamer touching upon it. Capt. Henry Bulkeley took soundings in a boat, and found it to be 2 cables in length, and £ a cable in breadth ; at low water, there was 12 feet on the centre of it, the bottom sand. It bears from Estapona S.E., distant 3 miles. — Liverpool, February 15th, 1851. (Page 14.) CAPE PALOS, (A Shoal North of.)— On the 20th of May, 1848, the schooner F. M. C. of Ayr, grounded upon a shoal of sand and rocks, about 12 miles to the northward of Cape Palos; it extends from the Torra de la Eucanikda to the tower of Roche ; it is not placed on the chart, or mentioned in the directions. Where the vessel grounded we had 10 feet water, the Tower of Rocbe bearing N. \ E., and the Island of Grossa S. JAV.; it extends about 2 miles from the shore.

To clear this danger, I observed that when we brought the square tower upon Cape Palos to the eastward of the Tower of Estacio, we then had deep water; but on no account should vessels open the tower upon Cape Palos to the westward of Estacio. (Page 26.) Robert Hardy, Master. [MEDITERRANEAN —

PART I.

] ADDKNDA. VILLA JOYOSO.— In lat. 38° 32' and longitude 0° 12° 0' W., a fixed light is placed on the mole, 46 feet above the level of the sea. (Page 28.) CAPE SOLOU.— In lat. 41° 5' 15"and longitude 1° 8' 0" E., a fixed light is placed on the mole, visible 3 leagues. The lighthouse is painted black. (Page 34). TARAGONA LIGHT is on the mole, 59 feet above the level of the sea; it is a fixed temporary light, intended to be replaced by a revolving light when the mole is finished. The lighthouse is black. (Page 34.) MAJORCA ISLAND.— At Port Pi is a revolving light, 138 feet above the level of the sea, visible 20 miles; flashing eveFy 3 minutes. At Palma there is a light on the mole, of a pale blue colour, 37 feet above the level of the sea, visible 10 miles. (Page 47.) CIOTAT LIGHTS.— Suppression of tke light exhibited on Fort Berouard, upon tke jetty, east of the Port of Ciotat.

Mariners are hereby informed that from the 1st of April, 1848, the light exhibited on the Fort Berouard, at the beginning of the jetty, east of Port de la Ciotat, will be discontinued. The entrance to this port will continue to be indicated by the fixed light, with a range of 9 miles, exhibited at the extremity of the same jetty. (Page 66.) CAUTION TO MARINERS passing in or out of the Mediterranean.— It is strongly recommended that all masters of vessels should give Cape Tres Focas a wide berth, and not approach the Riff coast, particularly in the summer or calm weather, in order to escape being captured by the Row Boats of the Riffian pirates. (Page 74.) ZAPHRAN ISLANDS. — The Zaphran Islands, three in number, were taken possession of by the Spanish government in 1848. They lie about 2 miles from the African coast, and 9 leagues from Malilla.

(Page 75.) GHAZAUAT LIGHT is situated at the east point of the bay, in lat. 35° 7' N. and long. 1° 52' AV.; elevated 164 feet, and visible 8 miles. (Page 75.) ARZEU LIGHTS. — There are two lights, one on the Fort Point, and the other on the Islet; they are visible 3 leagues, and both fixed. The former is elevatad 80 feet, and the latter 62 feet. (Page 78.) A ROCK near CAPE TENEZ, on which tke French war-steamer, Ætna, was lost. — It appears that this is a pointed rock, having only 9 feet water on it, with 8 fathoms all round it. It lies at the extremity of Cape Tenez, a cable's length from the land (250 fathoms). There is nothing to fear for vessels passing at the distance of more than a mile from Cape Tenez in every direction. The Ætna, 200 horse power, was lost on this rock 20th January, 1847.

(Page 79.) CAPE CARBON.— On Cape Carbon, in lat. 36° 47' N. and long. 5° 5J' E., is a fixed light, 623 feet above the level of the sea, at present only visible 5 miles; the light being red, but intended to be re-placed by a light of the first order. Page 84.) At Borgia is a fixed light on the mole ; and also a fixed light at Cape Bonac, 482 feet above the level of the sea, visible 8 miles. (Page 84.) STORA, Alglers. — There are two fixed lights at Stora, one on the Isle of Srigina in lat. 36° 56' N. and long. 6° 53' E., and the other in lat. 36° 54' N. and lone! 6° 51 k.' E. on the Islet of Singes; the former is 180 feet above the level of the sea and the latter 118 feet, visible about 3 leagues. (Page 86.) fkto bailing ©irotiotKl FOR THE MEDITEERANEAN SEA, &c. Note. — Throughout the following Work the Courses and Bearings are magnetic, or by compass, except where otherwise expressed.

The Soundings are those taken when the water is at its lowest level; and the longitude is computed from Greenwich. An order, recently issued by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, states, that in order to prevent mistakes, which frequently occur from the similarity of the toords starboard and larboard, in future, the tvord port is to be substituted for larboard, in H. M. ships or vessels.

PART X. CONTAINING THE AVESTERN PORTION, FROM THE STRAIT OF GIBRALTAR TO

THE RIVER VAR ON THE NORTHERN COAST, AND TO CAPE FERRO ON THE SOUTHERN COAST.

Section I

1.— FROM CAPE TRAFALGAR TO GIBRALTAR. Variation, Two Points West. CAPE TRAFALGAR, situated in latitude 36° 10' 15" north, and in longitude go t / 3Q// west £rom Greenwich, may be considered the north-western point of the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar, Cape Spartel forming the southern boundary. Cape Trafalgar is about 25 miles distant from the lighthouse of Cadiz, and is of moderate elevation : it may readily be distinguished by its singular appearance, being flat, and terminating with two sharp angles ; on the eastern one stands a round tower. To the eastward of the flat land it becomes rugged and mountainous : here you will observe several high sandy cliffs, while to the northward of the cape it is level and sandy, having only a few low rocky points projecting out to seaward. ALTOS, or HEIGHTS of MECA.— To the north-eastward of Cape Trafalgar the land rises high in the interior, and forms the Heights of Meca, the summits of which appear level, and are divided into two parts, being spotted with green clumps, and patches of whitish sand.

The Tower of Meca lies 3£ miles S.E. by E. k E. from Cape Trafalgar; and between them is a patch of sand, called the Boquerom, used as a mark for the shoals in the offing. It is not advisable for vessels to coma too near the Cape, on account of the many rocky shoals that environ it. [MEDITERRANEAN —

PART I.

] B The ACEYTERA is a dangerous reef of rocks, extending north and south, about a mile, being nearly 2 cables' length in breadth. The least water over it is 9 feet ; but in the interstices between the rocks there are 5 fathoms. ' Its N.AV. end lies AV.N.AV. |AV., distant 2 miles from Cape Trafalgar, and its S.E. end lies AV.S.AV., at about a similar distance. AVhen you are upon the northern end of this shoal, Trafalgar Tower will be in one with the Boquerom ; and when upon the shoalest part of this danger, the same tower will be in a line with the highest part of the high land of Meca. Between the shoal and the Cape is a channel, with a depth of 6 and 7 fathoms. Here the water appears to boil and break, which is merely the effect of the counter-currents, and there really is no danger ; yet, during a heavy swell of the sea, and the wind unsteady, it would be highly imprudent to venture through it.

There is another bank off Trafalgar, extending 1J mile N.N.W. and S.S.E., distant between 3 and 4 miles from the Cape, the least water upon which is 3 fathoms, while round it are 8 and 10 fathoms: its northern part lies N.AV. by AV., 4 miles from the Cape and has the Tower of Trafalgar in one with the Tower of Meca. The S.AV. end of this bank bears AV. by N., distant 2| miles from the Cape, and S.S.AV. from the Tower of Conil. Here the Trafalgar Tower is in a line with Boquerom. E. by S. from Meca Point and Tower is the Barcadero, or landing-place of Meca: this is a low beach, with a little creek, affording a run of fresh water. Here are the Cove and River of Barbate, before which the anchorage is good, but the river is narrow and shallow; some rocks also lie off the Cove. To the south-eastward, and about 5 k miles from Meca Tower, is the Point and Tower of Sara; this is of moderate height, near the sea, but forms a mountain inland, with two towers on its summit.

From hence a sandy cove extends to the south-eastward 3J miles to Cape Camarinal, which Cape is low, but has a watch-tower upon it, and some rocks scattered about its point. Cape de Plata is a good mile beyond Cape Camarinal, and formed by the foot of a mountain that descends gradually towards the sea, making a point, which has several rocky islets about it. There is also a watch-tower upon it. Between Camarinal and Cape Plata is a flat sandy beach, where vessels may find shelter from east and north easterly winds ; large vessels frequently ride here in 7, 8, or 10 fathoms water, and small ones in a less depth, having a cable carried on shore. Small vessels also ride in the cove between Camarinal and the Tower of Sara, during fair weather; but you must be observant of the changing of the wind: for should it blow from the S.AV., there will be great difficulty to weigh and get under sail.

The interior of the land, from Meca Point to Cape Plata, is mountainous, and of considerable elevation. PALOMA.— S.E. \ E., distant 4£ miles from Cape Plata, is Paloma Point and Tower, with several rocks before it; between these points is the Cove of Balonia, with good anchorage i a canon-shot from the shore. At 3± miles from Paloma Point is the Tower and Point of La Pena; between these points is the Cove of Valdebaqueros, n-ivinc shel ter to small vessels. Near the east part of Paloma Point is the River Peurco, falling into a small creek, between two ledges of rocks, fit only for small craft. A range of hills extends from Paloma to Pena Point, appearing with several patches of white sand. TARIFA.— Nearly 4 miles from La Pena is the Chapel of St. Catalina, near which stands the town of Tarifa; and about § of a mile from it is the small Island of Tarifa • but this is now connected with the shore by a sandy neck, and forms a peninsulathis is low and level, having a lighthouse upon it, which exhibits a revolvinolioht in latitude 36° 0' 50" north, and longitude 5° 36' 15" west.

The island is^lUro'und free from danger, except the Rock Marroquina, which lies § a muket-shot south-westward from the tower ; but there are some shallows to the north-westward. , TThf CA*EZ0ST About 2* miles south of Point Paloma' 5 miles N.AV. by AV from the Island Tarifa, and nearly AV.S.AV. from the Tower of Pena, distant 3 miles, lie, the Cabezos rocky shoal. It is said m low tides the Cabezos will not have more than o feet water over them, whde a very little way off there will be 2* and 3 fathoms, and farther out 7 and 1 1 fathoms : many vessels have been wrecked here, and therefore the sreatest care must always be taken to give them a fair berth, by not bringing Tarifa hothouse to the southward of E. by S., when above a league from it. fhe^ituationVf he e shoals may be known by the peak on the Sierra .le Enmedia coming in a line with the two small eminences on the S.erre de la Luz, bearing E.N.E. To°avoid them, br i,° he low sand-hills to the eastward of Meca by Cape Plata, taking care, in stnnW S the northward, that they do not become covered bv the Cape until the Chapel of f u° Cape Trafalgar to Gibraltar. 3 is open of the east end of the Sierra de Enmedia : keep thus as a proper distance from the shore.

Arroyo del Puerco, or West Bank. — N.AV. by AV., from the Cabezos is a )-ocky skoal, called Arroyo del Puerco; it is about a mile long, but narrow, and with not less than 3 fathoms over it. Between it and the land are 10, 14, and 18 fathoms; and between it and the eastern Cabezo, from 8 to 10 fathoms. AVesterly winds frequently form a whirlpool between this shoal and the shore. New Bank. — AV.S.AV. of the Cabezos, distant f of a mile, is a new bank of 7 and 8 fathoms, running AV.N.AV. k N. and E.S.E. iS.; inside, and between this and the Cabezos, are 10, 11, and 7 fathoms; and on the outside, to seaward, it runs rapidly into deep water.* The Bajeta, or Valdebaqueros, is a shoal, of from 5^ to 14 feet, and lies 1£ mile E.N.E. from the eastern Cabezos, and N.AV. by N., distant 4 miles from Tarifa lighthouse.

In the channel between it and the Cabezos there are from 4 to 9 and 1 1 fathoms. The ground between it and Tarifa is sand, and the depths from 7 to 21 fathoms, the deepest water being about midway. Between this shoal and Punta de la Pena there are from 3 k. to 11 fathoms. Nearly E.S.E. of St. Catalina is Camorro Point, high, broad, and steep, with many rocks about it: in the cove between the Island and town of Tarifa, small vessels may lie, defended from the winds from the S.AV. round by N.AV. to N.E.: with other winds they generally run aground in a small creek east of the town ; but large ships ride to the eastward of the island, opposite the sea-gate of the town, which stands at the foot of Mount Cabrito, in from 15 to 18 fathoms. The coast now runs on towards the high Points of Canales and Guadalmesi,f on each of which there is a watch-tower; on the eastern side of the latter is a small cove, with a deep valley covered with orchards, and a small rivulet.

At 2J miles farther on is the east point of Acebuche. The land between these points bends in to the northward, and within it stands the Castle of Tolnio ; here the anchorage is good for small vessels, and sheltered from east winds round by north to N.AV., having from 6 to 8 fathoms : the ground holds well, but the shores are rocky. At a mile beyond Point Acebuche is Point del Frayle, distinguished by a watch-tower also, standing on the slope of a hill : a small island lies off its point, which, in appearance is said to resemble a friar, and has several rocks about it. On the east side of the point is a small sandy cove, fit only for small craft, sheltered from the west to the north, and having a castle for the defence of the anchorage. E.N.E. \ N., about 2 miles from Point del Frayle, is Point Carnero, or Cabrita, between which lies Palomas, or Pigeon Island.

On the summit of Point Carnero is a castle and watch-tower. At j of a mile from the said point is Point Secreta, with a small creek between, fit for small craft only. Palomas Island is distant about of a mile from the watch-tower on Point Carnero, being low and ragged; off its N.AV. part are the two Cabrita Islands: and Ik cable's length farther west, is a cluster of small rocks, some above, and others under water. The Pearl Rock lies full £ a mile to the southward of the Island Palomas, having 6, 7, 8, and 9 fathoms water between them : this passage may be used with a leading wind, taking care to pass by Palomas Island at the distance of Ik cable's length. On the Pearl in one part are only 9 feet water, the mark for it being the west end of Palomas Island in one with the third rising from Point Carnero, and a peaked rock off the same point in one with a hill which makes like a sugar-loaf, with a kind of saddle on its summit, to the eastward of St. Roque: and the tower of Punta Frayle, bearing AV.N.AV.

The town of St. Roque is situated on the top of a small hill, and cannot well be mistaken for any other place in the neighbourhood. * Near this bank is said to be a rock, on which the Thisbe frigate struck several years ago. As this rock has not been found in the late surveys, it is most probable that the frigate struck on one of tbe Cabezos. f Caution. — The master of the Norma, from Marseilles, lately arrived in the Loire, reports that a sand-bank has lately formed about \ of a mile southward of Guadalmesi, which is very dangerous, as the current, since its formation, from the Island of Tarifa, bears directly on the shore. The said master has seen an English galliot strike on this bank; but being very small, and not drawing 10 feet water, she got off. Night setting in, Mr. Biroche (the master) was unable to ascertain the extent of the bank.

Point Guadalmesi should, therefore be approached with great caution. b In coming from the westward, you will have passed the Pearl when the town of St. Roque is well open to the eastward of the rocks that run out from Point Carnero, or when that point bears about N. byE., taking care not to bring Europa Point to the eastward of E.N.E. r N. : then you may run in for the Bays of Algeciras and Gibraltar giving the port or larboard land a good berth ; and if bound for Gibraltar, steer m until you have opened the Devil's Tower: stand on for that, into any convenient depth, from 20 to 6 or 5 fathoms, and anchor, mooring S.E. and N.AV.; but in war-time ves sels generally anchor off the New Mole. To clear the Pearl Rock by night, keep the Europa light N.E. byE. iE., not to the eastward, until Tarifa revolving light bears AV. by N., northerly, and the reverse for entering the Bay of Gibraltar.

Vessels drawing 18 feet should not pass inside the Pearl, as some 3-fathom patches are said to he nearly in mid-channel. ALGECIRAS and GIBRALTAR. — Carnero, or Cabrita Point, may be called the western point or boundary of these important bays. N.N.E. k N. from this point stand the Tower and broad Point of San Garcia, distant If mile. Between these points the shores bend inward, forming the Bay or Cove of Gatares, which is large and deep, with a good bottom, excepting off the rocky heads ; but the heavy swell that always accompanies winds from the N.E. to the south-eastward, renders the anchorage bad : some rivulets are situated at the bottom of this bay, and have a considerable quantity of water in the winter-time. Both the Points of Cabrita and San Garcia are encompassed with rocks; but they are mostly visible, and therefore can easily be avoided.

Point Rodea, or Ridea, is k. a mile to the northward of San Garcia; the opening between forms a kind of cove, but its entrance is encumbered with rocks. North from San Garcia, distant a mile, is the Island of Algeciras, also called Verde, or Green Island, which is moderately high, and fortified; it is nearly surrounded by rocks, which render the approach to it, and the passage between it and the main, exceedingly dangerous, and fit only for small craft. Algeciras is agreeably situated, and was formerly a place of considerable note, con sisting of two towns, and being supplied with water from a fine aqueduct of hewn stone, \ of a league in length; but latterly it has gone into decay. About k a mile N. k, AV. from Green Island is the mole, running out easterly ; to the southward of which is the River Miel, into which small vessels can go at high water.

At k. a cable's length east from the mole lies the Galera Rock, having two parts of it uncovered just above the level of the sea: from it runs out a reef to the north-eastward. At 5 of a mile N.N.E. k. E. from the Galera is a shoal, with only 2 fathoms water over it; and from the middle of Algeciras Town a reef runs easterly: and from the north part of the town, where the Fort of St. Antonio stands, another reef of larger rocks extends. Continuing along the coast J of a mile, you will see the tower on the Point of Almirante, moderately high, and surrounded with rocks; f of a mile from which is La Polvora Tower. AVhen these two towers come in a line, you should not anchor, for the ground is foul. The Point of Rinconcillo is £ a mile farther, and also encircled with rocks. From hence begins a low sandy beach, which extends round the bay so far as Gibraltar, the Point of Mirador Fort and Punta Mala excepted.

Above a mile to the north ward of Rinconcillo Point is the River Palmones, where the vessels belonging to Algeciras rendezvous in winter; it is deep and large, but its entrance is encumbered with sand-banks, particularly to the southward, which run out a great way. At of a mile east from the Palmones River is the Tower of Entre Rios, from which, at nearly the same distance, is the entrance to the Guadarranque River, which is of little note. Beyond this, about f of a mile, is Fort Mirador, built circularly, and standing upon a little eminence. E.S.E. J- S. from the fort is Point de Gallo; and from Point de Gallo the shore forms a kind of bight toward Point Mala: between them, a little way up the River Mayorga, is a bridge. Point Mala is a little elevated, and has a few rocks round its point, rendering it necessary to give it a berth in passing.

A castle is built upon its summit. Northward from this castle, £ of a mile, is the Hospital de la Sano-re; and S E.by S. from it, distant 1{ mile, is Fort St. Philip, being the western extremity of the Spanish lines; these stretch across, and terminate at Fort St. Barbara, on the other side of the peninsula, the land being low and flat all the way to the Rock of Gibraltar, where it suddenly rises to a great height, its top being uneven, with several eminences thereon, and extending southerly until it slopes down to Europa Point, the eastern extremity Cape Trafalgar to Gibraltar. 5 of the bay, and well-known boundary of the Strait of Gibraltar. Europa Point is in latitude 36° 6' 20" north, and longitude 5° 20' 40" west. On Europa Point is a lighthouse, which was first lighted on the 1st August, 1841 The lantern is elevated 150 feet, or thereabouts, above the level of the sea, and a powerful fixed light is exhibited therein, which is visible within the bay to the mouth of the River Palmones.