The History of Great Britain from the death of George II. to the coronation of George IV. designed as a continuation of Hume and Smollett

Front matter

© m ® w& m inn . FROM A PAINTING BY SIR WM BEECHY, KNT R A Load-on. Published by Jones & C° Octro'01fl2* THE HISTORY OF GREAT BRITAIN FROM THE DEATH OF GEORGE II. TO THE CORONATION OF GEORGE IV. DESIGNED AS A CONTINUATION OF HUME AND SMOLLETT. By J. 11. MILLER. LONDON: PUBLISHED BY JONES & COMPANY, 3, ACTON PLACE, KINGSLAND ROAD. 1825. GLASGOW : ANDREW & JOHN M. DUNCAN Printers to the University. OF THE HISTORY OF ENGLAND. t*a£C Page ly at Guildhall — Some rising Clouds in the political Hemisphere — The Spanish Ambassa dor's Explanation not deemed satisfactory — Orders sent to the Earl of Bristol at Madrid — His Excellency's Despatches in Reply — Warm Debates in the Cabinet on Mr. Pitt's Proposal to attack Spaiu withoat farther De lay — His Resolution, with the President's Answer — His Interview with the King, on re signing the Seals of his office — Lord Temple's Resignation — Violent Conflict between the Admirer's and the Censurer*s of Mr. Pitt's Conduct sanctioned by the Abbe Rayual - Farther Instructions sent by the New Secre tary of State to the British Ambassador at Madrid — Steps taken by the Ministry — Meet ing of the New Parliament — His Majesty's Speech — Message to the Queen ; and the Dowry granted her in case she should sur vive liis Majesty — Repeal of the compelling Clause in tho Insolvent Act — Alacrity of the Commons in providing for the service of the ensuing Year — Debate on the Expediency of tbe German War — Severe Remarks on the Alliances entered into with some of tbe con- CHAP. I. GEORGE III.

Effects of the late King's partiality to his native Dominions — Circumstances attending the Accession of the new Sovereign — His Majesty's first Speech to both Houses of Parliament — Addresses of the Lords and Commons— Supply voted — Establishment of the Civil List — Sums granted for the Support of the German Confederacy — Subsidy to Prussia — Vote of Compensation to the Provinces in North America for their strenuous Efforts— Ballot for Militia productive of a dreadful riot at Hexham — Loan of twelve millions — Violent outcry against the New Duty on Beer — Bad consequences of the opposition to the Compulsive Clause in the new Act of insolvency — King's Speech for making the Judges independent of the demise of the Crown — Ready Concurrence of both Houses in so Patriotic a Proposal — Arthur Onslow, Speaker of the House of Commons for thirty-three years, retires — Two remarkable points in his Majesty's Fare well Speech to the Parliament — Advantageous Position of the French in their Winter Cantonments — Prince Ferdinand's extensive Plan of Attack — Fritzlar and several Magazines taken — General Sporken's rapid Progress on the side of Saxony — First Check in this extraordinary career of Success — Steps taken bv Marshal Broglio to drive the Allies out of Hesse— Defeat of the troops under the Hereditary Prince— The King's Sentiments on the proper use of Conquests 1 tinental Powers — Ingenious Defence set up by the Advocates for the German War — Re sult of this political Controversy — Effect of the English Ambassador's Remonstrances at the Court of Madrid — His Conjectures on the Causes of a sudden Revolution in the Spanish Councils — Propriety of his Conduct iu so delicate a Conjuncture — A clear and categorical Explanation at length insisted upon — General Wall's Letter— M anises to delivered by the Count de Fuentes, and Lord Egremont's Re futation of it 13 CHAP. II.

CHAP IV. Circumstances which led to the proposal of a Congress at Augsburg — Plausible Reasons for previously setting on foot a distinct Negotiation at London and Paris — Mr. Pitt unfavourable to a Peace — Secret intrigues of the French Ministry at the Court of Madrid— Difficulties about the mutual retaining of Possessions — Survey of hostile operations during the Suspension of the Treaty — Expedition against BeUeisIe — The Negotiation resumed — Remarks on the two main Points of Dispute —Inflexibility of the English Secretary — Some account of the Family Compact — Candid Inquiries on which Side the chief blame lay—The Treaty finally broken off.

Chap III

Proofs of the King's Exemption from personal or political Prejudices — His Majesty's Choice of a Consort, the Princess Charlotte of Meckleoburgh — Embassy sent to make tbe Demand of her Most Serene Highness ; with an Account of her Voyage— Her Journey to London her Reception and Nuptials— Preparations made for tbe Coronation of their Majesties— Entertainment given to the Royal Famit*s* 37 53 Page of France and Spain— Reply, followed by a Declaration of War — Immediate and effectual Assistance afforded by Great Britain — Lord Tyrawly dissatisfied with the Portuguese Ministry, and recalled — Plan of the Campaign — Progress of the Spanish Army under the Marquis de Sarria — Almeida taken, and a considerable part of the Province of Beira overrun by Spanish Troops — Good Conse- ?uences of the Couutdela Lippe's Arrival in 'ortugal — Surprise of Valencia d' Alcantara by General Burgoyne — Another more decisive blow struck by the same General aud Colonel Lee at Villa Velha — The Spaniards forced to retreat to their own Frontiers — Triumphs of Great Britain at Sea — Descent on the Island of Martinico — Surrender of the Island — Sub mission of the Grenades, St. Lucia, St. Vin cent, and other dependent Isles — Armament destined against the Havannah, its Harbour described — Siege of the Moro — The Moro stormed and carried by assault — Operations against the Town, and its Surrender — Impor tance of this Conquest — Capture of the Her mione, a Spanish Register-ship — Invasion of tbe Philippines designed — Celerity of the Preparations made for it at Madras — Arrival of the Squadron at Manilla — The Town taken by Storm, but saved froma justlymerited Pil lage — The Galleon from Manilla to Acapulco taken — The only exception to the Universal Success of the British Arms, the Failure of a private Expedition against Buenos Ayres — Summary of the Disasters sustained by Spain during her short Concern in the War — France involved in the like Calamities — Atposed System of Finance censured by the Opposition— Instructions and Petitions of the City of London against the Cyder Tax— Earl of Bute's Resignation— His Majesty's Speech at the Close of the Session— Some Account of Mr.

Wilkes, and of the Libel entitled the " North Briton" — Wilkes's Commitment to the Tower— Writ of Habeas Corpus for bringing Wilkes before the Court of Common Pleas — He is remanded to tbe Tower — His second Speech at the Bar of the Court — Mr. Wilkes's "Case considered under three heads by Lord Chief-Justice Pratt— Commitment not illegal — The Specification of Passages in the Libel not necessary in the Warrant — Validity of the Plea of Privilege allowed in Cases of Libels —Attempts to bring about a Coalition of Parties — Promotions occasioned by Lord Egremont's Death — King's Speech at the Meeting of Parliament — Message about Wilkes to the House of Commons — Ihe North Briton voted a Libel — Wilkes's Complaint of a Breach of Privilege — Debate on the adjourned consideration of his Majesty's Message — Pitt's Speech on the Surrender of Privilege — Other Arguments in support of Parliamentary Privilege — The Resolution, " That Privilege does not extend to Libels," carried in the Commons, and concurred in by the Lords — Concurrence of the Lords in other Resolutions of the Lower House concerning the Libel — The Sheriffs obstructed in burning the North Briton — Duel between Martin and Wilkes — The King's Message on the Marriage of the Princess Augusta to the Hereditary Prince (now Duke) of Brunswick — Verdict obtained by Wilkes in the court of Common Pleas — Lord Chief-Justice's Opinion on the Illegality of General Warrants — Proceedings of the Comrnons to ascertain the State of Wilkes's Health — His Letter from Paris deemed nugatory, and he himself found guilty of a Contempt of the Authority of Parliament — Convicted of being the Author of the condemned Libel, and expelled — His " Essay on Women" laid before the House of LoTds, who proceed against him for a Breach of Privilege, while he is indicted in the Courts below for Blasphemy — The Ministry very hard pushed in the Debate on General Warrants — New Plan of National Supplies — Resolutions concerning the American Trade — Bill for restraining Abuses and Frauds in the Practice of Franking — Observations on General Conway's Dis mission tempt to burn the British Squadron in the Bay of Basque — Newfoundland taken and re taken — A Negotiation the only resource of the House of Bourbon 19 CHAP.

V. Causes and Effects of the sincere Dispositions of all Parties towards Peace — Motives of National Policy for encouraging Pacific Proposals — Want of perfect Harmony in the Cabinet — Changes in Administration — Dukes of Bedford and Nivernois employed in the Negotiation — Difference between this and the Treaty in 1761 — Conduct of the Courts with Respect to their German Allies — Change in the Behaviour of the British Ministry towards the King of Prussia justified — France guided by the same alteration of Circumstances ; and the Peace of Germany restored — The Article relating to Portugal very easily settled — Circumstance which facilitated the Adjustment of Great Britain's direct Concerns — Extent of her Acquisitions in North America by this Treaty — Terms annexed to the Surrender of St. Pierre and Miquelon — Spain's Renunciation of her Pretensions to the Fishery — Arrangement respecting the French West India Islands — Tbe Havannah restored on very moderate Terms — Cessiou and Exchange of the other Conquests in Africa, the Ea6t Indies, and Europe — Sacrifice made by France to the honour of Great Britain, in suppressing the old Claim on Account of Prizes before the Declaration of War — Preliminaries signed by the British and French Ministers at Fontainbleau — Disputes concerning the Articles of the Peace — Coalition between the Duke of Newcastle's and Mr. Pitt's Adherents — Meeting of Parliament — Conflict in the House of Commons— The Security of our Colonies — Majority in Favour of the Address — Arrival of three Cherokee Chiefs in England 31 CHAP. VII.

Inquiry into the Causes of the Renewal of Hostilities with the Savage tribes of America- Extent of tht Governments of Quebec, of East and West Florida — Incitements to War on the Part of the Indians — Military Operations against the Indians, and Peace with tliem— Impolitic Suppression of the commercial Intercourse between the British and Spanish Plantations, and between the American Colonies and the French Islands — Colonists refuse Compensation for the Stamp Duties — State of the British Logwood-cutters in the Bay of Honduras — French atone for outrage at Turks Islands— Progress of American Stamp Act through both Houses— Prevention of Smuggling— Purchase of the Sovereignty of the Isle of Man— A Regency Bill recommended by his Majesty — New Administration formed by the Duke of Cumberland. ... « CHAP. VIII.

CHAP. VI. Mir Cossim's Endeavours to shake off the India Company's yoke— Military Operations which effected the entire Conquest of Bengal— Appointment and departure of a select Committee for Bengal— Treaty concluded by Lord Chve with the Nabob of Oude— Violent Proceedings against the Stamp Act in North America— Debates and Proceedings in England as to right of Taxing the Colonies- Causes of a sudden Change in the Ministry Philosophical Survey of Europe at the Close of the Wt-r- State of Russia— Of Denmark— Of Sweden— The King of Prussia and the Empress — Internal Distractions of France— Situation of Spain ; and Security of Great Britain—Multiplied Concerns of the English Government — Plan of Economy pursued by the Ministers— Scheme of tbe Supplies — Pro- Page Pago Genera1. Conway from the aubuj^utn duction of foreign Troops — Prohibitory Bill — Changes iu the Ministry — Affairs of Ireland — Debates on foreign Troops — Conclusion of the Session — Boston evacuated by the British — Siege of Quebec raised — Americans defeated on the Lakes — Unsuccessful Attempt i*jon Charlestown — Preparations against New- York — Declaration of Independence — Ameri cans defeated at Long-Island — New- York taken — Americans retreat into the Jerseys and over the Delaware — Rhode-Island reduced — General Lee made Prisoner — Hes siaus cut off at Trentou — British defeated at Princeton 95 CHAP. IX.

Alarming Scarcity of Provisions— Dispute between the Proprietors and the Directors of the East India Company — Substance of the King's Speech at the Meeting of Parliament — Bill of Indemnity — Reduction of the Land-tax carried against the Minister — The India Company's Right to Territorial Acquisitions debated — Proposals of the Company accepted — Bill for regulating India Dividends — Duties laid on certain Imports from Great Britain to America ; and measures taken to restrain the turbulent Spirit of the Assembly of New- York — Some Changes iu the Great Offices of the State — The Ministry strongly opposed on the Nullum Tempus Bill — Corporation of Oxford reprimanded for Yenalitv — Popularity in Ireland cf the Octennial Bill 61 CHAP. XIII.

State of Great Britain in tbe Summer of 1776 — Meeting of Parliament — Debate ou the Proclamation of the American Commissioners — Secession of the Minority — Habeas Corpus Act suspended — Fire in Portsmouth Dock Yard — Sbameful Profusion of Ministers — Debates on the Augmentation of the Civil List — Address of the Speaker, Sir F. Norton to the King— Censured by ministry — Dispute with Holland — Campaign in America — Action on the Brandywine — Philadelphia taken — Battle of German Town — American Forts taken — Progress of General Burgoyne — Ticonderoga evacuated — British repulsed ar Fort Schuyler — Defeat of Colonel Baum — Actions at Stillwater, &c. — Surrender of Burgoyne — Conclusion of the Campaign CHAP. X. General Election — View of Wilkes's Conduct and Adventures since his Flight from Justice — Violent Opposition to the Port-duties in America — Acts of the Convention — Debate — Wilkes's Petition to the Commons ; and his Appeal to the Lords on a Writ of Error — Insntution of the Royal Academy — Debate on the American Affairs — Civil List Debt — Hearing of Wilkes's alleged Grievances — Successive Expulsions of Mr. Wilkes — War with Hyder Alley in the East Indies — Non-importation Agreement, and other Proceedings hi America — Desertions from Ministry — Changes that followed — Endeavours of the Opposition to aggravate Discontent — London Remonstrance, and his Majesty's Answer — ■ Grenville's Bill for regulating the Proceedings on controverted Elections — Partial Repeal of the American Port duties — Affray be. tween the Townsmen of Boston and the Troops 66 HI CHAP. XIV.

Meeting of the British Parliament — Debates on the Address — News arrives of Burgoyne's Defeat — Debates ou that Subject — Lord North's conciliatory Bills — Alliance between France and America — Debates on the French War — Ways and Means — Address for a War with France — Death and Character of Lord Chatham— Relief to the Trade of irelaud— To the Roman Catholics — Toulon squadron sails for America — Termination of the Session — Transactions of the Royal Commissioners in America — Arrival of D'Estaing — Philadelphia evacuated — Ambassador from France to America — Attempt on Rhode-Island — Expedition against East Florida — Savannah taken by the British — Naval preparations — Engagement between Keppel and D'Orvilliers — Trial of Keppel— Trial of Sir H. Pallif er 126 CHAP. XT.

Another Remonstrance from the City of London ; with the King's Answer, and Beckford's Reply — View of Wilkes's political Career — Dispute with Spain relative to Falkland Islands — Proceedings of the Commons against Printers ; and Commitment of the Lord Mayor, and of Alderman Oliver to the Tower — Bill for disfranchising the Members of the Christian Club at New Shoreham — More Remonstrances to tbe Throne from the City of London — Unsuccessful Attempts to enlarge religious Liberty — Act for restraining the future Marriages of the Royal Family — Carolina Matilda falls a Victim to the Intrigues of the Queen Dowager of Denmark — Changes in the British Ministry — Committee of Secrecy — The Embarrassments of the East India Company — Charges brought against Lord Clive; his Acquittal; and Suicide — Bill for Management of the East India Company's Affairs — Summary of other Proceedings of the Sessions — Expedition against the Caribbs in St. Vincent — Alarming Events in America — Measures adopted by Parliament for maintaining the Authority of Great Biitain over the Colonies — Proceedings of the General Congress at Philadelphia — The Sense of the Nation taken, by dissolving the Parliament at this Juncture — Dr. Franklin's Conciliatory Plan — Petition cf tbe City of London—State of Affairs in America — Battle us Lexington— Battle of Bunker's Hill— M« etiug and Proceedings of Congress — General \\ asbington appointed Commander-in-chief — His Character — Expedition to Canada — Forts taken — Quebec besieged— General Montgomery defeated and killed 77 CHAP. XV.

Meeting of Parliament — Debates on the Manifesto of the Commissioners — Affairs of Ireland — Votes of Censure moved on Lord Sandwich — Return of the Howes — Debates thereon — Spaniards declare War — Regulation of Militia — War in East Indies — In America — Desceut on Virginia — Capture of Stoney Point — British Attack South Carolina — Repulsed at Charlestown — Operations of French Fleet —Siege oi Savannah by tbe French and Americans — Siege raised — Capture of the British Settlements on the Coast of Africa by the French 139 CHAr. XVI Alarm from the appearance of the Combined Fleet off the Coast — Irish Volunteers— Proceedings of the Irish Parliament — Depredatious of Paul Jones — Takes the Serapis — Engagement between the Quebec and Surveillautc — Secret Enmity between the States- General and the English Cabinet — Meeting of Parliament — Debates on the Address — Debates on Irish Affairs — On Expenses of the War — Association* and Petitions from York, Ac— Mr. Burke's Plan cf Economical Regulation— Progress of Mr. Burke's Bill — Celebrated Vote ou the Influence of the Crown — Riots in London — Siege of Gibraltar CHAP. XIJ.

Fatal Effects of the War— Meeting of Parliament—Defection of the Duke of Grafton and VI Pag* 207 215 Page Coast of Honduras— Consideration of the French Commercial Treaty— Embarrassed Circumstances of the Prince of Wales—Has tings- Impeachment resumed by the Com mons—Interference of the Courts of London and Berlin in the Affairs of Holland—Meet ing of Parliament— The East India Declara tory Act— Hastings' Trial— A BUI to regulate the Transportation of Slaves passed— The King's Indisposition— Disputes on the Mode of Establishing a Regency— Notification of the King's recovery— Parliament regularly opened— The Shop Tax repealed— Test and Corporation Acts — African Slave Trade — Pro rogation of Parliament 196 —Admiral Langara defeated by Rodney — Charlestown taken— Impolitic Proceedings of the English in Carolina — Americans rally — Gates defeated — Distresses of Americans — Arrival of Rochambeau — Defection of Gen eral Arnold — Andre executed as a Spy. . . . 147 CHAP. XVII.

Causes which produced a Rupture with Holland — Armed Neutrality — Count Byland'a Squadron taken — Capture of Mr. Laurens — Declaration of War — Affairs of East Indies — Mr. Cornwall chosen Speaker — Dutch War ■ — India affairs — Burke's Reform Bill — Petition of Delegates from Counties — Bill to repeal the Marriage Act — Motion on American War — Session concluded — Attack upon Jersey — Siege of Gibraltar — Capture of St. Eustatia ■ — Campaign in America — Revolt of Pennsylvania Line — Arnold's expedition to Virginia — General Greene appointed to the command in Carolina — Tarleton defeated by Morgan — Masterly Retreat of the Americans — Battle of Guilford — Lord Cornwallis proceeds to Virginia — Operations in Virginia — Capture of Lord Cornwallis — Expedition of Commodore Johnstone — Operations in the West Indies — Tobago taken — St. Eustatia Convoy taken — East Indies — Hyder Ally defeated — Cheyt Sing — Engagement with the Dutch — Combined Fleets in the Channel 164 CHAP. XXI.

Meeting of Parliament — Burke's first Phillippic against France — The Sentiments of Fox and Sheridan on the same Subject — Opposition to the Motion for Repeal of the Test and Cor-' poration Acts — A Reform in Parliament moved by Mr. Flood — and withdrawn — State of Settlements in India — Royal Message announces a Rupture with Spain — The Dispute settled, and a Convention signed — War commenced in India — To defray the Expenses of the Spanish Armament the Minister proposes seizing the unclaimed Dividends in the Bank — Violently opposed — Compromised — Question whether Impeachments abate or not by a Dissolution of Parliament — Bill in favour of the Catholics passed — Bill for settUng the Rights of Juries in cases of Libel — The Slave Trade — The Establishment of the Sierra Leona Company — Bill for the better Government of Canada — Burke's Invective against the French Revolution — Answered by Fox --Terminates in a Breach of Friendship- Rupture with Russia — Grounds of the Quarrel — The French Revolution divides the Nation into Parties — Birmingham thrown into a Ferment by an inflammatory and seditious Hand-bill — Dr. Priestley's House, &c. destroyed CHAP. XVIII.

Decline of Lord North's influence — Session of Parliament — King's Speech — Motion against offensive War with America — Petitions against the War — Misconduct of Admiralty — General Conway's Motion against the War — Dissolution of the Ministry — New Ministry — Popular Measure.-. — Affairs of Ireland — Reform Bills — Minorca taken — French Fleet in the West Indies defeated by Rodney — Misfortunes of West India Fleet — Bahamas taken by the Spaniards — Defeat of Spaniards at Gibraltar — New Administration 179 CHAP. XXII. CHAP. XIX. Meeting of Parliament — Flattering Picture of the Finances of the Country — Marriage of the Duke of York — Motion for Abolition of the Slave Trade — Gradual Abolition carried in the House of Commons — Opposed and delayed in the House of Lords — Westminster Police Bill passes — New Forest Bill, introduced by the Ministry, rejected— Mr. Rose, charged with Mal-practices in Office, acquitted — Libel Bill passes — Bill in Favour of the Scottish Episcopalians, passes — The London Corresponding Society, and the Society of the Friends of the People instituted, to obtain a Parliamentary Reform — Notice of a Motion for a Reform in the Representation, alarms Ministers — Royal Proclamation against Seditious Writings— Statement of the Revenues of India — Indian War against Tippoo Saib — Sues for Peace — Granted — Terms. . . .

Motives for a general Peace — Preliminaries Signed with America — With France, Spain, &c. — Meeting of Parliament — DebateB on the Peace — Resolutions carried against Ministry ■ — Lord Shelbnrne resigns — Coalition Ministry — Bill preventing appeals from Ireland — India Affairs — Pitt's Motion on the Subject of a Parliamentary Reform — The Quakers petition the House of Commons against the Slave Trade ■ — Fox introduces his India Bill — A seeond Bill for the internal Government of the British Dominions in India — The Bill lost in the House of Peers — Contest between the Crown aDd Commons — The Conduct of the High Bailiff of Westminster in refusing to return Fox brought before the House of Commons — Pitt's India Bill— The Commutation Tax— Bill for the Restoration of the Estates forfeited in Scotland in 1715 and 1745, passed 186 CHAP. XXIII.

CHAP. XX.

Dr. Price's Sermon on the Love of our Country, before the Revolution Society— Address of Congratulation to the National Assembly of France from the Society — Burke's celebrated Pamphlet well received by the Tory Faction — Answered by Thomas Paine— Ef sects produced by the publication of the Rights of Man— Official Complaint by the French Ambassador— The King of the French solicits the friendly Offices of his Britannic Majesty to preserve the Peace of Europe- Declined by the British Cabinet— Manifestos against France— Deposition of the King of the French— The British Ambassador leaves Paris— Multitudes of French Priests arrive in England— National Convention of France constituted— Dr. Priestley and Thomas Paino chosen Members— Address of English Society at Paris to the National Convention— The Meeting of Parliament — Westminster Scrutiny resumed by the Commons — Parliamentary Reform— The Shop Tax— The Hawkers' and Pedlars' Tax — both unjust and oppressive — The Irish Commercial Propositions passed the Commons — carried to the Lords — amended by the Lords — returned to the Commons — finally passed — Reflections on the system of Commercial Intercourse held out by the Irish Propositions — Plan of Fortifications submitted to the House of Commons — Proposal of a Sinking Fund— Bill passed— The Civil List in Arrears — Burke commences his Charges against Warren Hastings — Attempt to assassinate the King -by Margaret Nicholson — Treaty of Commerce with France signed' — A Convention with Spain respecting the British Settlements on the Mosquito Shore, and the Convention pass the famous Decree of Fraternization — The English Government offers Assistance to Holland— Refused— Artifices used to inflame the Passions of the People against the French— Proclamations for calling out the Militia, and for assembling Parliament 221 CHAP. XXIV.

Meeting of Parliament — Fox in opposition to the Address — Burke for it — opposition reduced by Desertion — Motions for adjusting Differences with France by Negotiation, and for sending a Minister to Paris — The French Ambassador's Memorial on the relative Situation of France aud England — Answered by Lord Grenville — Memorial of the Executive Council of France — Lord Grenville's Repl\ — French Ambassador ordered to leave the Kingdom — Message from his Majesty.to the Commons ou French Affairs — Pitt's Speech on moving the Address — Opposed by Lord Wycombe— -by Whi thread — aud by Fox — The French declare War against England and Holland 22o !■■!,.« ver, Hesse, &c.-Operations in La Vendee, and unsuccessful result of an Expedition to Qui beron Bay — Insurrection in Paris— Death of the Dauphin — New French Constitution — Return of the English Army from the Conti nent—Hostile Operations on the Rhine— War between England aud Holland — Capture of the Cape of Good Hope, and other Dutch Settlements — Unpopularity of the War — Out rage against the King — Address in conse quence — Speech from the Thrtue — Address- Bills against Treason and Sedition— Scarcity of Corn— Supplies — Birth of Princess Char lutte — Dissolution of Parliament 2J« CHAP. XXVIII.

Hostile Operations in Italy and Germany — Disturbances in La Vendee terminated — Success of the British in the West Indies — Capture of a Dutch Squadron in Saldanha Bay — Evacuation, of Corsica by the British — Invasion of Ireland attempted by the French — Naval Operations — Differences between France and America — Spain and Holland declare War against Great Britain — State of France — Measures against British Commerce — Opening of the New Parliament — Negotiations for Peace — Unsuccessful result — Increase of the National Force — Financial Measures — Suspension of Cash Payments by the Bank- Alarming Mutiny in the Navy — Discontents in Ireland — Naval Operations — Admiral Jcrvis's Victory off Cape St. Vincent — Admiral Duncan's Victory off Camperdown — Bombardment of Cadiz — Capture of Trinidad— Failure at Porto Rico — Unsuccessful attempt onTenerifle — French Troops land in Wales — Surrender of Mantua, and Expulsion of tbe Austrians from Italy— The French advance into the Hereditary Dominions, and compel the Emperor to make Peace— Treaty of Campo Formio — Internal Affairs of France 257 CHAP. XXV.

Motion to ascertain the precise grounds of War — Motion for Peaces — Barracks — Motion for an Inquiry respecting Sedition — Message on German Auxiliaries — Ways and Means — Traitorous Correspondence Bill — The French propose to treat for Peace, but receive no reply — Subsidy to Sardinia — Numerous Bankruptcies, and Aid given for relief of Commerce — Motions of Censure on Lord Auckland — Proceedings of British Parliament — Hastings's Trial — Parliament prorogued — Proceedings of Irish Parliament — Military Transactions on tbe Continent — Capture of Pondicherry and Tobago — Insurrection of the Royalists in Britany and Poitou — The French Convention declares War against Spain — Proceedings of the two leading Parties in France — Death of Marat 237 CHAP. XXIX. Negotiations for Peace renewed and broken off — Meeting of Parliament — Address on the King's Speech — On the late Negotiation- Finance — Triple Assessment — Voluntary Contributions — Redemption of the Land Tax — Plans for National Defence— Duel between Pitt and Tierney — Second Estimate of Supplies — Slave Trade — Tender of extended Service by the Militia— Volunteer Corps— Origin and Progress of the Rebellion m Ireland- Severe Contests between the Military aud Insurgents — Suppression of the Rebellion— i rials and Executions for Treason — Lord Cornwallis appointed Viceroy — Act of Amnesty — Objects of the Rebellion — French land at Kill.il.-i, and surrender— Naval Victory of Sir J. B. Warren — Close of the Insurrection in Ireland '*&?

CHAP. XXVI. Reform Societies in Great Britain — Edinburgh Convention — Transportation of the Secretary and two Delegates — French Affairs — Trial and Execution of Queen Marie Antoinette — The Port aud Fleet of Toulon surrender to the English — Evacuation of Toulon — French Calendar — Extraordinary Efforts to Recruit the French Armies — Operations on the Frontiers of. France — Meeting of Parliament- Augmentation of the Army and Navy— Motion against the War — Message respecting Democratic Societies, and Suspension of the Habeas Corpus — State Trial*— Foreign Troops landed in the Isle of Wight — Augmentation of the Forces — Voluntary Contributions in aid of the War — Enlistment of French Emigrants — Supply — M. la Fayette — Subsidy to Prussia — Prorogation of Parliament-Changes in the Ministry — Military Operations on the Continent — Corsica annexed to tbu British Crown — Lord Howe's Victory— Other Naval Achievements — Capture of Martinique, St. Lucia, and Guadaloupe — Loss of the latter- Acquisitions in St. Domingo CHAP. XXX.