British Battles on Land and Sea. With numerous illustrations

Front matter

THF. HEAVY CAVALRY CHARGE AT BALACLAVA {see page I lo). British Battles On Land and Sea BY James Grant Author of "Old and New Edinburgh" "The Romance of War" &c. WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS CASSELL and COMPANY Limited LONDON PARIS & MELBOURNE ALL RIGHTS RESERVED CONTENTS.

PACE PACK Allahabad and Fy/abad, 1857 171 Navarino, 1827 I The British Legion in Spain, 1835-7 .... 4 Futtehghur and Cawnpore, 1857 . . . .179 Fresh Revolts, 1857 185 Canada, 1837 . 14 China, 1840-1 15 The March of Havelock, 1857 188 Cabul, 1840- 1 21 The First Relies of Lucknow ..... 191 Tizeen, 1841 26 Delhi, 1857 195 The second Relief of Lucknow, 1857 . . . 200 Beyrout and D'Jebaila, &c, 1840-1 .... 28 Ornagacuar. and Sidon, 1840 32 The Storming of Kotah, 1858 206 Fall of Lucknow, 1858 212 Acre, 1840 34 Meeanee and Maharajahpore, 1843 . 39 Roohea, 1858 214 Moodkee, 1845 . . . . . . . -45 Khoosh-Ab, 1857 218 Ferozeshah, 1845 . ..... 47 The Combat at Kolapore, 1857 221 Aliwal, 1846 5« The North China Campaign, 1860 .... 225 Sinho and Tangkoo, 1860 231 Sobraon, 1846 56 Mooltan, 1849 59 The Takoo Forts, 1860 239 Chillianwallah, 1849 62 Chang-chai-wan, 1860 ...... 244 Goojerat, 1849 65 Kaowle and You-chai-wei, 1860 .... 249 The Golden Pagoda, 1852 68 Pekin. 1860 254 New Zealand, 1 86 1 .\ \| 258 Bassein and Martaban, 1852 72 War in New Zealand, 1861-3 ..... 262 Pegu and Prome, 1852 75 The Amatolas, 1852 77 The War in Bhotan, 1864-5 266 The attack on the Waterkloof 82 The Bhotan War, 1865-6 269 Bombardment of Odessa, 1854 87 The Abyssinian War, 1867 274 The advance on Magdala, 1868 281 Bombardment of Bomarsund, 1854 92 Alma, 1854 95 Sortie by the Abyssinians, 1868 286 The Storming of Magdala, 186S .... 290 Balaclava, 1 854 — Charge of the Heavy Brigade . .105 Balaclava, 1854— Charge of the "Six Hundred" . 113 The Lushai Expedition, 1871 294 End of the Lushai Expedition, 1872 . . . . 299 Inkerman, 1854 . . . . • • • "7 Ashantee War, 1873— Introductory .... 302 Final Bombardment of Sebastopol, 1855 . . . 123 The Redan, 1855 128 Invasion of the Protectorate 310 On the Prah, 1873 3'5 Bombardment of Sweaborg, 1 85 5 . . . . 1 34 The Expedition from Elmina, 1S73 . . . • 3'7 Kinburn, 1855 ..•••••• '37 Bush Fighting, 1873 326 Close of the Campaign ; " Our Graves in the Crimea " 141 Defence of Abracrampa, 1873 333 Bombardment of Mohammerah, 1856. . . >43 Captain Glover's Expedition, 1873 . . . . 339 The Revolt of Delhi, 1857 146 The March to the Prah ...... 34' The spread of the R; volt . . '55 Advance to the Bahrein River 34^ Delhi invested, 1857 l6z The Battle of Amoaful, 1874 ..... 352 Fresh mutinies, 1857 '7° VI PAGE Passage of the Ordah, 1874. 358 Capture of Coomassie, 1874 364 Close of the Campaign, 1874 369 CHRONOLOGICAL Jt£SUM£ OF BRITISH BATTLES ON LAND AND SEA.

PAGE PACE The Heavy Cavalry Charge at Balaclava Frontispiece Captain Nolan . . . . . , , .114 Mount Pernathia and New Navarino .... 6 Charge of the Light Cavalry at Balaclava . , 115 Sebastopol .120 Battle of Navarino 7 Colonel Fitzgerald's Charge at San Sebastian . . 12 Charge of the Guards at Inkerman . . . .121 French Attack on the Malakhoff 126 Amoy 13 The Squadron before Amoy ..... 18 Interior of the Redan after its Capture . . . 127 Street in Sebastopol after the Siege . . . .132 Signing the Treaty of Nankin 19 Nankin • • 24 Sweaborg 133 Plan of the Bombardment of Sweaborg . . . 135 Beyrout 25 Group of Turks, Albanians, and Druses ... 30 Bombardment of Sweaborg . . . ' . .138 3' The March Past 139 Bombardment of Acre 31 City and Bay of Acre 36 Cathcart's Hill ........ 144 I The Palace at Delhi . . . . . . .145 Group of Sepoys . . . . . . .150 Gwalior 37 The British Army crossing the Sutlej ... 42 Mutineers advancing on Delhi . . . . 151 Battle of Ferozeshah -43 Plan of the Battle of Ferozeshah .... 48 Umballa 156 Agra 157 Sir Harry Smith ....... 49 Sikh Soldier 54 View in the Environs of Delhi ..... 162 " Daly and I drew our swords, and rushed up the rocks "........ 163 Thackwell at Sobraon . . . . 55 Lahore ......... 60 Fort William, Calcutta 168 The British Troops entering Mooltan .... 61 Fort Rh >tas, near Chillianwallah .... 66 Benares ......... 169 The Battle of Goojerat 67 Allahabad . . . . . . . . .174 Burmese Soldiers . 72 Incident in the Mutiny at Allahabad . . . 175 Cawnpore. ........ 180 Pagodas, near Pegu ....... 73 View near Rangoon ....... 78 Memorial Chapel at Cawnpore . . . . .181 Kaffir War — Attacking a Native Position ... 79 Sir H. Havelock 186 Kaffir Attack on an English Convoy . . . .84 Charge of the Highlanders near Cawnpore . . . 1S7 Odessa ......... 85 Lucknow . . . . . . . . .192 Bombardment of Odessa 90 Blowing up the Cashmere Gate 193 Ruins of the Residency at Lucknow .... 198 Incident in the Attack on Bomarsund ... 91 Varna 96 The Meeting of the Generals in Lucknow . . .199 Sir James Outram ....... 204 The Heights of Alma . ' 97 Plan of the Battle of the Alma 99 Teheran ......... 205 Captain Peel ........ 210 Death of Ensign Anstruther 102 Advance of the Highlanders at the Alma . . . 103 Captain Hope Johnstone bringing news of the Capture of the Begum's Palace, Lucknow . . .211 Entrance to Balaclava Harbour 10S The Heavy Cavalry Charge at Balaclava . . . 109 Fall of Lucknow : the Last Stand . . . .216 PAGE PAGE 217 Snowdon 385 Western Gate, Pekin Fort on the Peiho River Berwick 39° 222 Kerr's Attack on the Fort at Kolapore Sir Hope Grant ....

Chapter I. Navarino

1827. tF T E R three centuries of abject slavery, the Greeks, during the early part of the reign of George IV., most justly rose in revolt against the Turks; and the heroism of the Suliotes and other mountaineers, among whom the grand spirit of the ancient race survived, won alike the admiration and the sympathy of Europe; and to the cause of Greece our poet Byron devoted his pen, his fortune, and the wreck of his short but brilliant life. The three great powers of Europe — Britain, France, and Russia — signed, in 1827, a treaty in [Navarino. 2 to evacuate the Morea ; so the British and French fleets prepared to escort the Ottoman shipping to Alexandria or the Dardanelles. A week had scarcely elapsed when forty sail of the faithless Egyptians stole out of the harbour and steered for the north ; but our admiral made sail in his own ship, the Asia, and two smaller vessels, and compelled them to steer south.

On this squadron coming between Zante and Cephalonia, Ibrahim and two other admirals joined it with fourteen or fifteen ships of war. Notwithstanding their tremendous superiority, the fearless Codrington bore down upon them, after considerable manœuvring; after firing upon them to compel them to show their colours, and after encountering a hurricane, he compelled the greater portion of them to return to Navarino, where their forces came to anchor in the form and order related. London, by which they agreed to force Turkey into an acknowledgment of the independence of the Greeks, on whom her forces were committing the most unparalleled barbarities by sea and land. This treaty rallied the whole of the energies of the Sultan Mahmoud and the Viceroy of Egypt, to make one grand effort to suppress the revolted Christians ; and, on the 9th of September, they transported to Navarino an armada sufficient to crush them for ever.

Navarino is situated on a cape on the south-west coast of the rocky Morea, in a bay of the Medi terranean. During the war of independence, in which the battle about to be narrated was an important feature, the town of Navarino — the streets of which were tolerable, though narrow and tortuous — was alternately in the hands of the Greeks, the Egyptians, and the Turks ; and, by the two last, was reduced to a heap of ruins. The bay is of considerable extent ; its entrance being secured by the desert isle of Sphacteria, while to the northward and east it is sheltered by a range of mountains. The passage leading to the bay is small, and lies between the island and the mainland of the Morea. The three admirals, on the 18th of October, held a conference, in which — as the most effectual mode of stopping the atrocities committed by the land and sea forces on the unhappy Greeks — they agreed to enter the Bay of Navarino, and there to blockade the Ottoman fleet.

It was naturally expected that, as Ibrahim Pasha when at sea did not venture to fire a shot at the British alone, he would submit at once on seeing the whole allied fleet. During the war of independence, Navarino and its port were the head-quarters of the Turco- Egyptian fleets and of Ibrahim Pasha. There the latter had landed a disciplined army of 8,000 men in 1825; and his troops committed upon the defenceless Greek Christians the most unjustifiable outrages and horrible cruelties. On the part of the Turks, the war was simply one of extermination, cowardice, and foul treachery. On the 20th of October, at two in the afternoon, the combined squadrons, in two columns, sailed into the bay ; that on the weather side was com posed of French and British ships ; the Russians formed the other. The Turks and Egyptians all had crimson colours displayed now, each bearing a crescent and a scimitar.

Abreast of Sir Edward Codrington sailed the French admiral, with a large white flag flying at his mizzen. Then came the Genoa, and Albion, the Dartmouth, the Talbot, and the rest of our squadron, with just enough of breeze to carry them gently forward, causing the ships to heel gently on one side, and stream out their various flags and pennants. The sea was smooth, the weather warm, and the air clear. Every sail was set, so that, as an eye-witness states, the vast crowd of canvas that looked so white and bleached, contrasted strongly with the deep blue of the un clouded sky, and formed a stirring and magnificent spectacle. There came to anchor in the Bay of Nava rino seventy Turco- Egyptian vessels of war, viz. : — three line-of-battle ships, five 54-gun ships, fifteen frigates, twenty-five corvettes, twelve brigs; the rest were smaller vessels, with forty transports.

This fleet was moored in the form of a crescent, with springs on their cables, and having six brillots anchored to windward. The whole were covered by the batteries of the town of Navarino. Meantime, the Russian squadron from the Baltic having joined those of Britain and France, the three admirals sent to the Egyptian commander at Nava rino to say that they had received orders to prevent hostilities being continued against the Greeks, and desired that he would prevent anything of the kind. On the 25th of September they concluded an armistice with Ibrahim, extending to all the land and sea forces that had lately arrived ; the treaty to continue in force until an answer came from the Sultan his father. As the fleet drew nearer the coast, the town and castle of Navarino became visible ; the distant mountains with white clouds floating about their blue summit, and in the middle distance rose columns of smoke, showing where— in defiance of the armistice— the Turkish soldiery, who respected neither age nor sex, waged still their war of rapine As this would not arrive in less than twenty days, no doubts were entertained that he would be ordered on the peasantry.

TURKISH TREACHERY. Navarino.] 3 On the entrance of the allied fleets, the Turks prepared for battle in their own confused way, without other order than the example of the Capitana Bey ; the Egyptian admiral, Moharem Bey, in fact declaring that he would not fight. An unshotted gun fired from the castle was, how ever, interpreted by the Allies as a signal for the Ottoman fleet to clear away for action. brought on then (though Sir Edward Codrington was most anxious to avoid it), by the Turks assassinating the pilot, Mr. Mitchell, whom he was send ing for explanations, and who was shot ere the Asia's boat had reached the ship. Codrington now instantly opened his tremendous broadside upon an Egyptian on one side, and a Turk on the other, and, in a few minutes, reduced them to mere wrecks aloft and below, and they swung round to leeward, utterly destroyed, and thus un covered a second line of Turkish vessels which lay behind them, and these now opened their whole fire upon Codrington.

" We were near enough," wrote an officer of the Dartmouth, " to distinguish the Turkish and Egyptian sailors, and they seemed to be a motley crew. Most of them wore turbans of white, with a red cap (the fez ?) below, small brown jackets, and very wide, short trousers. Their legs were partially bare. They were active, brawny fellows of a dark brown complexion, and they crowded the enemy's ships, which accounts for the very great slaughter we occasioned among them. Many dead bodies were tumbled through the port-holes into the sea." He also tells us, that the British sailors " had stripped themselves to their duck frocks, and bound black silk handkerchiefs round their heads and waists, and some upon their left knees." Formed, as stated, in a vast crescent, the horns of which spread far out, the Turkish fleet half en circled that of the Allies.

It was strictly enjoined in orders, that not a gun was to be fired without a signal from the admiral, unless it should be in return for shots fired by the Turks, who, too evidently were bent upon mischief. Each of our ships was to anchor with springs upon her cable, to steady or cast her, as might be required, and the orders concluded with the memorable words of Nelson : — " No captain can do wrong who lays his ship alongside one of the enemy." In a few minutes the anchors were down, the hands aloft, and the sails furled. While the latter act was in progress, the Dartmouth had sent a boat, commanded by Lieutenant Fitzroy, to request a Turkish fire-ship to remove from her station, as several of these dangerous craft were hovering suspiciously about the flanks of the crescent, and the Dartmouth, Mosquito, Rose, and Philomel had special orders to keep a sharp look-out upon them.

A fire of musketry was wantonly poured from the fire-ship upon the boat, killing Lieutenant Fitzroy and several seamen. This drew upon her a volley of small arms from the Dartmouth and La Sirene, the flagship of Rear-Admiral De Rigny. Captain Davis, of the Rose, on seeing all this, went in one of his boats to assist that of the Dart mouth ; and the crews of both were in the act of boarding, when the infamous Turks blew her up. She exploded with a dreadful concussion, and many men were destroyed. The firing between the admirals soon made the battle general, and it raged along the whole lines. " Our crews," says the French official account, " have justified the confidence of the king ; in each vessel, the cry of ' Vive le Roi/' spontaneously accompanied each broadside. The squadron had before it, for some hours, a dreadful scene.

Con ceive about t5o ships of war, of all rates, firing in a narrow basin, in a triple line, the burning of some, and the explosions that ensued. When the first frigate, yard-arm to yard-arm with our vessels, took fire and blew up, La Sirene was so near astern, that its mizzen, followed by its main-mast, fell on that frigate." Just about this time, and before the men aloft in the Dartmouth had quitted the yards, a double banked Egyptian frigate suddenly poured a broad side into her. The drum beat to quarters, and this wanton assault was returned with terrible effect, every shot ripping and tearing the hull of the Egyptian. As each Ottoman ship became disabled, the crew deliberately set her on fire ; hence the flames and the explosions incessantly threatened the ships of the Christian allies with destruction.

Captain Hugon, of the French frigate Armide, perceiving that one of our frigates was maintaining ■ a very unequal combat with a superior Turkish force, "wormed his ship, coolly and deliberately, through their inner line," in a gallant and so mas terly a manner, as never for a moment to obstruct her fire, and relieved her of one Moslem foe, which struck to him in ten minutes. On taking posses- " Now, my lads," cried Captain Fellowes, of the Dartmouth, as his men came hurrying from aloft, " down to the main-deck, and fire away as fast as you can." The battle had actually commenced to windward before the Asia and the Ottoman admiral had exchanged a shot; but the action was soon [Spain. frigate and fifteen smaller craft in a state fit for sea. All the rest were burned, sunk, or almost knocked to pieces. sion, he hoisted the Union Jack alongside of the French colours, as if to indicate that he had but completed the work which the British ship had begun.

The latter had still two frigates and a corvette to contend with, when a Russian line-of-battle ship, attracting the attention of an Egyptian frigate, drew off her fire. Our total loss of all ranks in killed and wounded was only 144; but that of the Ottomans was frightful, so densely were their vessels crowded. The French losses were 160 killed and wounded. " Our men," says an officer, " had now breathing time, and they poured broadside after broadside into the Egyptian frigate which had been our first assailant, and the rapidity and intensity of our fire soon told upon the vessel." When the firing ceased, Sir Edward Codrington humanely sent an officer to the ship of Moharem Bey, offering medical or any other assistance he might require. Her losses were awful. Of her crew of 1,000 men, hundreds had been flung, corpses, overboard, and the mangled wounded yet encumbered her decks, about the guns and every where.

Amid this horrid scene, a group of Turkish officers sat smoking on divans, while slaves supplied them with coffee. On receiving the admiral's message, the senior Turkish captain replied frigidly, " We need no assistance whatever." The round shot were pointed to sink her, and in passing through her sides, frequently tore up her decks in rebounding; 150 killed and wounded men lay strewed along them, and ere long, she was compelled to haul down her crimson colours, which gave the English crew time to quench their thirst at a tank that stood on deck. After a time, she began to open fire again, although she had no colours flying. This so exasperated the Britons, that they poured two tremendous broadsides into her, procuring effectual silence, while a blue ensign was displayed on her shattered mainmast.

" Shall not our surgeon attend to your wounded?" urged the officer. " No," replied the Turk ; " wounded men need no assistance — they soon die." When one of our boats next day was putting the Turkish katib and some of his companions ashore, a lieutenant of the Genoa was anxious to save some unfortunate creatures who were clinging to a half-scorched mast. "I must rescue them !" said he. A large Ottoman ship near the Asia was now on fire. The ruddy blaze flamed up as high as her cross-trees ; in fact, she was one pyramid of flame, and continued in this state for some time, during which the dark figures of her wretched crew could be discerned in strong outline against the light, as they glided wildly about, till the sire reached her magazine, and then she blew up with a stunning roar. High in the air rose the black smoke and the lurid flame, and amid these for a moment could be seen a thousand flaming brands, beams, masts, pieces of the hull, and human figures in distorted postures ; all these descended in a shower as the hull sank ; and then, like others, the ship passed away.

The action had nearly terminated by six o'clock, after four hours of incessant fighting. The day light actually faded away unperceived, so dense was the smoke of the cannonading, and so lurid the glare from so many blazing ships. "Bah !" replied the katib; "they are only com mon soldiers, and will soon die." Then he burst out laughing. " Good heavens ! " said the Englishman angrily, "what is there here to laugh at? " " Laugh ! " exclaimed the Turk scornfully. " By Allah ! you English are a singular people. Yes terday you came into the bay while we were quietly at our coffee ; you knocked our ships to pieces, killed or mangled all our men, till the fleet is one vast slaughter-house, and this morning you pretend to be so humane, that you cannot pass a score of wounded soldiers without putting yourself out of the way to save them."

Captain Frankland, R.N., states in his "Travels" that from 5,000 to 6,000 Turks and Egyptians perished at Navarino. When the firing ceased, of all the Turco- Egyptian armament, there only remained but one

Chapter II. The British Legion In Spain

1835-7. During the reign of William IV., "our sailor king," as he was fondly named by the nation, only two events of note occurred ; first, the aid given to the revolted Belgians in 1832, when British war-ships blockaded the ports of Holland ; and second, when the Spanish Govei iment was allowed to en list British soldiers for service against the Carlists, then in arms for the lawful heir to the Spanish throne. THE LEGION, Spain.] 5 Though in the service of the Queen of Spain, the achievements of the British Auxiliary Legion can hardly be omitted in a work like this. Equipped and clothed from our arsenals ; publicly recruited for by beat of drum, with the Union Jack flying ; clad in our national uniform ; officered, in many instances, by men bearing the king's commission, and co-operating in Spain with our seamen and Royal Marines, these troops, though mercenaries, achieved the end which our Whig Government had in view; and in the sequel deserved a better fate, or reward, than that Government most meanly accorded to them. troops were in scarlet; the three Scots regiments were dressed like our 71st Highland Light Infantry, but wore crimson feathers and ball-tufts in their shakos.

On the ioth of July, 1835, the Royal Tar, steamer, having on board the first portion of soldiers for the Legion, anchored in the Bay of San Sebastian, where the red-coat had not been seen since the glorious days of Wellington, twenty-one years before. As the anchor plunged into the water, a booming of artillery from the castle on its lofty cliff, and the universal clanging of the church-bells in the city, saluted the arrival of the ist Regiment in Spain ; and when it disembarked the Spanish bands played the " Hymn of Riego," and on all hands were heard the cries of " Viva Isabel Segunda!" Colonel (afterwards Sir De Lacy) Evans, an officer who had served in India from 1807 to 1810; in the American and Peninsular wars ; against Ameer Khan and the Pindarees ; who had been many times wounded, and had no less than four horses shot under him, accepted, as under an allied power, the command of this new force, by the desire of our Ministry, and with the sanction of the king in council, with the local rank of Lieutenant- General.

The Carlists were then in close proximity to San Sebastian, and were in the habit of drawing near there, and firing on all they met, though a strong picket of Chapelgorris was placed in front of it. These half-wild soldiers, who were thus named " red caps " — in allusion to that characteristic part of their attire — were attached to the Legion. They were chiefly natives of Guipuzcoa, and were officered by Basque hidalgos. Many French and Belgians were in the ranks. Discipline was loose in the corps, and thus a villager would rather have had twelve soldiers of the Legion billeted in his house, than one of the Chapelgorris. The organisation and equipment of these forces proceeded rapidly, and recruiting depots were established in each of the three kingdoms. Up wards of 200 officers on the half-pay of the king's service, sent in their applications for commis sions and nearly all were accepted.

Undeterred by the sufferings of past years, many of our old soldiers joined this force, together with many wild, reckless, and penniless individuals whom its ranks would have been better without. Their dress was a long grey capote, with a red baretta for the head ; a canvas pouch for food ; an ammunition-belt, with tin tubes for holding car tridges, with a bayonet slung over one shoulder and a Spanish carbine over the other, completed their fighting equipment while under General Jauregui, or El Pastor, as he was named, from having been a shepherd of Tolosa in his youth. It was organised as follows, in 1837 : — Cavalry. — rst Lancers (" Reina Isabel"), under Lieutenant- Colonel Wakefield; 2nd Lancers (Queen's Own Irish), under Lieutenant-Colonels Jacks and Lord W. Paget. At San Sebastian, the new troops were kept at close and hard drill.

The ist Regiment occupied the convent of San Francisco ; the 2nd was at San Telmo ; and on the evening of the 20th of August, General Evans arrived from Santander with his staff, the Westminster Grenadiers, and Irish Light Infantry. Infantry. — ist Regiment, Lieutenant-Colonel J. G. Le Marchant ; 2nd, English (broken up at Vittoria) ; 3rd, Westminster Grenadiers, Lieutenant- Colonels Chichester and Churchill ; 4th, Queen's Own Fusiliers, Lieutenant-Colonel Don A. Ramon y Carbonell; 5 th, Scotch (broken up at Vittoria) ; 6th, Scotch Grenadiers, Lieutenant-Colonel Mal colm Ross ; 7th, Irish Light Infantry, Lieutenant- Colonel Beckham ; 8th, Highlanders, Lieutenant- Colonel E. L Godfrey; 9th, Irish, Lieutenant- Colonel C. L. Fitzgerald ; 10th, Munster Light Infantry, Colonel De Lacy Evans, L.-G. The great Zumalacarregui had recently fallen at the siege of Bilboa ; his death had spread con siderable alarm in the ranks of his party, and infused proportionate confidence in those of the Christinos.

The siege had been raised; but the Carlists under Eraso still threatened it, and cut off all communication with the sea. It was thought that the British Legion would, at first, come in con tact with the enemy under the walls of Bilboa ; but the reverse proved the case. There were also a regiment of artillery with a field-train ; corps of engineers, and sappers and miners, with complete medical and commissariat departments. Save the Rifle Regiment (in which 150 old Peninsular riflemen enrolled), all these s Spain. 6 after receiving two or three heavy volleys of musketry, which soon provided occupants for the stretchers, drove them from their position, and pursued them into the plain below. At this time, when the whole force should have pushed on and taken the little town, there was an unaccountable pause.

The Carlists were scattered among the hills, firing shot at a long range, and did not seem to be aware of their actual danger, till the red-coats came in sight. Then their battalions were seen in It was at the little town of Hernani, seven miles from San Sebastian, they first heard shots fired in grim earnest. General Evans, as leader, with the Spanish Army Corps, in conjunction with the British forces under Lord John Hay, while in this service, raised the investments of San Sebastian and of Bilboa ; the latter of which is one of the worst positions in Spain, being entirely commanded by mountains on one side ; he also fought an action at Arlaban, and MOUNT PERNATHTA AND NF.W NAVARINO. quick succession to cross the bridge of Hernani at a rush ; and when they got into the town the chance was lost. captured the post and castle of Passages, at the base of the Jaizquivel Sierra.

Early on the morning of Sunday, the 30th of August, 1835, all the Spanish and British troops in San Sebastian, to the number of 5,000 men, were ordered to get under arms, as an attempt was to be made on the Carlist post at Hernani, on the de clivity of the Mont Santa Barbara. Accompanied by a howitzer, a train of mules laden with ammu nition, and stretchers for the wounded, the ist, 3rd, and 7 th, of the Legion, preceded by the Chapelgorris, and some Spanish troops of the line, approached a hill whereon the Carlists had formed two field-works of stone and turf. At this time, no part of the Legion had been formed above two months. The three regiments were, strangely enough, ordered to pile arms and lie down, while the Chapelgorris and other Spanish troops thrown in advance were skirmishing with the Carlists, a mass of whom fell back upon Mont Santa Barbara, where they halted and held them at bay.