The History and Antiquities of Boston, the capital of Massachusetts ... from its settlement in 1630 to the year 1770. Also an introductory history to the discovery and settlement of New England ... Second edition

Front matter

THE HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES os BOSTON, THE CAPITAL OF MASSACHUSETTS AND METROPOLIS OF NEW ENGLAND, FROM ITS .SETTLEMENT IN 1630, TO. THE YEAR 1770. ALSO, §,n Ifitn-riuuturg fistflrg or THE DISCOVERY AND SETTLEMENT OF NEW ENGLAND. WITH NOTES, CRITICAL AND ILLUSTRATIVE. By SAMUEL G. DRAKE, A.M., MEMBER OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NORTHERN ANTIQUARIES AT COPENHAGEN, CORRESPONDING SECRETARY OF THE NEW ESGLAND HISTORICAL AND GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY, AND HONORARY AND CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE NEW HAMPSHIRE, RHODE ISLAND, CONNECTICUT, NEW YORK, NEW JERSEY, PENNSYLVANIA A^D MARYLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETIES, ETO. BTO. SECOND EDITION. BOSTON: PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOK, 26 Bromfield Street. 185 7. Entered according to Act of Congress, in numbers, during the years 1852, 1853, 1854, 1855, and 1856, by SAMUEL G. DRAKE, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. TRINTED BY HENRY W. DUTTON AND SON, 37 Congress Street, Boston. Stereotyped iy HOBART & ROBBINS, New England Type and Stereotype Foucdorj, BOSTON.

Preface

. THE History and Antiquities of Boston, to the year 1770, is now completed, and must abide the judgment of posterity. Whatever that judgment may be, the writer will rest conscious of having performed a service which will prove of some value to those who desire to obtain a knowledge of the rise and progress of the Metropolis of New England. Although above five-and-twenty years have passed since the author began to collect materials for the work, it is but a few years since he determined to draw up a history from them, never before having found a proper time to devote to it. At length, after some changes of circumstances not necessary to be detailed, he was induced, partly through the influ ence of friends in whose judgment he had much confidence, to enter upon the composition of the work. About four years ago, application was made to the writer to edit an edition of the work of Dr. Caleb H. Snow, and arrangements were accordingly entered into with a bookseller for that purpose ; but, on a cursory examination of the work, it was found to be very far from such a history of the City as ought to be expected at the present day, and that it could not be made at all satisfactory, even by encumbering it with very extensive annotations, owing to the great chasms in the original text.

This being represented to the undertaker, he at once changed his plan, and a new History was determined upon. The result is at length before the public, or that part of it previous to, and including a portion of, the year 1770. As unthankful and unprofitable as the task of a local historian is, he cannot always escape the envy of sordid and narrow minds. Even John Stow, the famous Chronicler of England, had his envious tra ducers ; but it is pleasant to reflect, that, while their names are quite forgotten, that of Stow is becoming more and more renowned

PREFACE.

. IV and resplendent. Those who would monopolize all knowledge seldom excel in any of its departments, though they may shine for a time with the borrowed lustre of others. Stow was not deterred by threats and intimidations from occupying ground open to all. Had he been, the world would have been deprived of one of its greatest antiquarian treasures. The author of the History and Antiquities of Boston hopes to fare no worse than did his ancient brother, the Chronicler of London, who had the privilege of dying in poverty, notwithstanding "James, by the grace of God," gave him high-sounding " Letters Patent," allowing him (" then on the verge of his 80th year ") to sell as many of his books as he could ! Fortunately, in the present undertaking, no " Letters Patent " are necessary to give permission to the author or publisher to dispose of his work.

How many persons have had it in contemplation to write a History of Boston is unknown to the author ; but the only one, probably, who, within the last thirty years, has seriously thought of it, was Mr. Alonzo Lewis. That gentleman was very competent for the task, and had he been at liberty to prosecute it, agreeably to his announce ment about twenty-five years ago, it would have rendered this under taking unnecessary. Respecting those persons who have specially aided the author, by the loan of documents, suggestions, or otherwise, it is very difficult to speak without incurring the charge of partiality, and he would therefore observe that nothing can be further from his intention than to give the slightest ground for such a charge. Several of the gentlemen hereafter named, having, perhaps, too much confidence in the author's ability for the. under taking, strongly recommended to him the preparation of a new work, instead of spending time upon one necessarily very defective, and which could not be made such a History of Boston as the present time required.

These were honest convictions and valid arguments, the author acknowledged, and all without any intention of disparagement to the works which had hitherto appeared upon the historical and descriptive condition of the City ; those works being presumed to have been all that the times would warrant in which they were produced. The names of several of the gentlemen to whom allusion has been made, as encouragers of this work, the author does not feel at liberty to omit, namely, William Whiting, Esq., President of the New Eng land Historical and Genealogical Society ; the Hon. Timothy Farrar, Vice-President of the same society ; the Hon. Francis Brinley,

PREFACE.

. V Recording Secretary of the same ; Mr. John Dean, its Treasurer ; Hon. George S. Ilillard, Frederic Kidder, Esq., Mr. John W. Parker of Roxbury ; the Hon. David Sears, Mr. John F. Eliot, Mr. Edward Tuckerman, Mr. William B. Trask, Dr. William Jenks, Dr. Charles Lowell, Nathaniel I. Bowditch, Esq., T. L. Turner, M. D., Mr. James S. Loring, Francis Jackson, Esq., and William G. Brooks, Esq. From these, and likewise from many others, much kindness has been received in various ways ; and, for their approval and commendation of the work from time to time, as portions of it have appeared, the author tenders to them, one and all, his unfeigned gratitude. To one of those above named, however, a more special acknowledgment is due, namely, to Mr. John Dean, by whose quick perceptions and ready memory the author has been much benefited throughout his labors.

The valuable aid of the friends referred to, although in almost every in stance tendered unsolicited, is not the less appreciated by the author. Nor should the laborious services of Mr. Isaac Child, upon the extensive Index to this work, be passed over without particular acknowl edgment. As the work has appeared in parts, or numbers, it may be of use to specify the time of the appearance of those parts, in the event that questions may arise as to the work in which certain facts first appeared. The following statement is therefore given, which can easily be verified by the books of the publisher: Part I., including pages 1 to 48, was issued Sept. 1st, 1852 ; pages 49 to 96, Jan. 6th, 1853 ; 97 to 144, March 22d, 1853 ; 145 to 192, May 26th, 1853 ; 193 to 240, July 25th, 1853 ; 241 to 288, Sept. 23d, 1853 ; 289 to 336, Dec. 10th, 1853 ; 337 to 384, March 17th, 1854 ; 385 to 432, June 13th, 1854 ; 433 to 480, Sept. 18th, 1854 ; 481 to 528, Dec. 12th, 1854 ; 529 to 576, March 13th, 1855 ; 577 to 624, June 11th, 1855 ; 625 to 672, Nov. 14th, 1855 ; 673 to 720, Feb. 11th, 1856 ; 721 to 768, April 2d, 1856.

Some account of the materials used in compiling the work may be expected ; but, as justice cannot be done to that subject within the compass of a Preface, it is thought best to pass it by with only a remark or two. The Town Records, from the time of their com mencement in 1634, are the most important, being full and perfect from that date to the present time. To these the author has had free access, granted, in the most obliging manner, by the Mayors of the City for the time being, the City Clerk, and others connected with his office. Beyond the Records in the keeping of the City Clerk, and the author's own collections, very little assistance has been received

PREFACE.

. VI besides that for which due acknowledgment is given in the notes to the work. It will readily be perceived that to give an account of the materials consulted by the author, which have been collected by him through a period of more than a quarter of a century, would be a task not easily performed. As one item, however, his series of pamphlets may be mentioned. These alone number above five thousand, con sisting of Town and City Documents, Reports of Societies, Historical Discourses, Hand-Bills, and, in short, everything of a fugitive char acter, which might in any way illustrate the History of the Town and City. To these, and a large collection of Newspapers, which have been laboriously consulted, the author is much indebted. Respecting the works of the late Dr. Snow, printed and manuscript, put into the author's hands by the original undertaker, it is proper to remark that, having laid aside the plan of a new edition of that author's History of Boston, those materials have been of but very little service in this work.

The author has been earnestly urged by numerous friends to con tinue his work to the present time, and his inclination is to do so ; but, as yet, no definite arrangement has been made for that purpose. It may be said to be in the hands of the public. An immense outlay has been made to produce the present volume, for which no adequate return has yet been realized. To bring the History down to near the present time, another volume of the same size as the present would be required, the materials for which are abundant. As the work has been upwards of three years in passing through the press, some of its patrons may have become impatient to see the end of it, and some may have been misinformed as to the time it would take to complete it. It is therefore proper to state that no time for its completion was set, nor could it be with any degree of certainty.

This it is thought necessary to bear in mind, because some of the agents engaged in its distribution may have made promises without any authority. In presenting the History and Antiquities of Boston to the public, the author is far from presuming that it will be found perfect. All he pretends is, that he has endeavored to make it as near so as the nature of the undertaking, and the limits prescribed, allowed. He is well aware that numerous facts exist of much interest, of which notice could not be taken, notwithstanding there may be those who will wonder that so much has been found, and others may be disposed to complain of the unwieldy size of the volume. To them it may be

PREFACE.

. VII said that the increase in the size of the Histories has not kept pace with the growth of the City, and that it cannot be doubted, but, by the end of another quarter of a century, one will be required much larger than the present. Most readers of local history of the present age are not satisfied with general statements; they want minute details, those which will bring scenes and events home to their minds, and awaken associations enlivened by their own experience. As it respects the commission of errors, the author would expressly state that he is well aware that many exist in his work ; and that, however many, others may detect, he feels quite sure that no one can discover as many as himself. But, at the same time, he believes his work to be quite as free from them as any other historical work of the same magnitude.

There are those who sometimes acquire among the superficial a reputation for knowledge and accuracy by carping at every error, or supposed error, pointed out to them in works of this kind ; while the same individual could not produce a single octavo page without such blemishes. Who ever saw a perfect book, — one free from errors ? Curious stories are told about immaculate typog raphy and amateur printers. Dr. Cotton Mather, in his Magnalia, has some very good hints for those who would have it understood that errors in a book are unpardonable sins. It may incur the charge of vanity for an author to append to his name his honors or titles ; but if a long period of labor in historical fields can be any excuse, that may be offered in this instance ; for it is above thirty years since the writer commenced his historical and antiquarian labors, and he has now reached the fifty-seventh of his age.

This may be considered an unnecessary apology for adopting an ancient custom, especially as there are some instances, at the present time, of ostentatious displays of this kind to names in works to which even a claim to editorship may be questionable. ENGRAVINGS.

Portraits 39 Autographs I*** Others 125_ Whole number, 298 Cotton, John (autograph), 101 Corwin, Jonathan (autograph'), 500 Cutting, John (autographs 310 Daille, Pierre (autograph), 4S8 Davenport (arms), 426 Davenport defacing the Cross, 168 Davenport, John (portrait), fe Davenport, Nathaniel (autograph), 413 Davis, John (autograph), 243 Davis, William (autograph), 340 Deane, Thomas (autograph), 371 Divingbell, 257 Douglass, William (autograph), 623 Drake, Sir Francis (autograph), 8 Dry Goods, sign of, 1757, 642 Dudley (arms), 137 Dudley, Joseph (autograph), 473 Dudley, Joseph (portrait), 472 Dudley, Thomas (autograph), 123 Dunton, John (autograph), 595 Eliot (arms) 313 Endicott (arms), 115 Endicott, John (autograph), 56 Endicott, John (portrait), 56 Fae Simile of Records, 173 Faneuil Hall, 611 Faneuil, Peter (autograph), 536 Fayerweather, John (autograph), 600 Federal-street Church, 576 First Baptist Church, 433 First Church, 548 Flag of New England, 330 Fording a River, 146 Foster, John (autograph), 538 Foxcroft (arms), 487 Fuller, Samuel (autograph), 115 Gage, Thomas (autograph), 750 Gage, Thomas (portrait), 750 Gallop, John (autograph), 243 Gedney, Bartholomew (autograph), 499 Georgian, 290 Gilbert, Sir Humphrey (portrait), 9 Gookin (arms), 279 Gookin, Daniel (autograph), 2*1 Gorges (arms), 292 Gorges, Sir Ferdinando (autograph), 54 Great House, Charlestown, 106 Hakluyt, Richard (autograph), 11 Hancock House, 681 Hancock, John (portrait), 673 Hancock, Thomas (autograph), 681 Hathorne, John (autograph), 499 Haynes (arms), 166 Henchman (arms), 647 Henchman, Daniel (autograph), 410 Hieroglyphics, 724 Hollis-street Church, 590 Ilubbard, William (autograph), 414 Hudson, William (autograph), 289 Hull, John (autograph), 452 Humphrey, John (autograph), 52 Hunting, Samuel (autograph), 417 Hutchinson (firms), 218 Hutchinson, Edward (au tograph), 324,406 Hutchinson, Eliakim (autograph), 526 Adams (arms), 675 Adams, Matthew (autograph), 675 Adams, Samuel (autograph), 613 Adams, Samuel (portrait), 671 Addington, Isaac (autograph) 472 Andt-os, Edmund (autograph), 477 Appleton (arms), 765 Appleton, Samuel (autograph), 411 Aspinwall, William (autograph), - 225 Author (arms), in Author (autograph), vn Belcher (arms), 607 Belcher, Jonathan (portrait), 5S5 Belcher (autograph), 607 Bellingham (arms), 178 Bellingham, Richard (autograph), 257 Bernard, Francis (autograph), 654 Bilboes, 114 Blackstone's Residence, 97 Boyle, Hun.

Robert (portrait), 317 Boylston, Zabdiel (autograph), 726 Boys, Antipas (autograph), 340 Bradford (arms), 231 Bradford, William (autograph), 132 Bradstreet (arms), 446 Bradstreet, Anne (autograph), 446 Bradstreet, Simon {autograph), 446 Bradstreet, Simon (portrait), 512 Brattle (arms), 369 Brattle-street Church, 519 Brattle, Thomas (autograph), 388 Brenton (arms), 323 Brinley (arms), . . • 718 Brinley, Francis (autograph), 718 Bromfield, Edward (autograph), 698 Broughton, Thomas (autograph), 341 Bulfinch (arms), 663 Burnet (arms), 578 Burnet, William (portrait), 581 Burroughs, Francis (autograph), 595 Byfield (arms), 592 Byfield, Nathaniel (autograph), 481 Cabot, Sebastian (portrait), 2 Calfe, Robert (autograph), 568 Cartier, James (portrait), 5 Catholic Costume, 104 Chaise, Matthew (autograph), 243 Charles Second (portrait), 451 Chauncy (arms), 393 Checkley (arms), 459 Checkley, Anthony (autograph), 459 Chesebroujjh, William (autograph), 126 Christ Church, 567 Church, Benjamin (autograph), 398 Clarke, Thomas (autograph), 454 Clarke, Thomas (autograph), 341 Coddington, William (autograph), 118 Coins of Massachusetts, 330 Colbron, William (autograph), 285 Colman, Benjamin (portrait), 543 Colony Seal, 472, 840 Conant, Roger (autograph), 139 Cooke, Elisha (autograph), 484 Cooke, Richard (au tograph), 340 Cooper, Samuel (portrait), 670 Cotton (arms), 157 Cotton, John (portrait), X ENGRAVINGS.

Sailing os the First Colony, 6J Sailing of the Mary and John, 78 Sailing of the Second Colony, 80 Saltonstall, Nathaniel (autograph), 447 Savage (arm*), 401 Savage, Thomas (au tograph), 403 Scotto, Joshua (autograph), 243 Scottow (arms), 349 Sears (arms), 733 Second Church, 311 Sergeant, Peter (autograph), 612 Sewall, Samuel (autograph), 501 Bewail, Samuel (portrait), 500 Shawmut, 61 Ship of 1594, 1 Ship of 1620, 17 Shirley (arms), 627 Shirley, William (portrait), 639 Shirley, William (autograph), 628 Shrimpton, Samuel (autograph), 611 Shute, Gov. Samuel (autograph), 657 Smith, Capt. John (portrait), 19 Spinningwheel, 266 Spinningwheel, 560 Stamp (Colonial), 639 Stamp of the Stamp Act (half-penny), 689 Stamp of the Stamp Act (Jive shillings), 715 Standish, Miles (autograph), 43 Stationer's Sign, 668 St. Botolph's Church, 103 Stocks 246 Stone Chapel, 472 Stou-rhton (arms), 210 Stoughton, Israel (autograph), 214 Stoughton, William (autograph), 601 Stoughton, William (portrait), 524 Tailer, William (autograph), 551 Thacher (arms), 385 Thomas, &v&n.(autograph), 340 Townsend, Penn (autograph), 486 Traske, William (autograph), 57 Triangular Warehouse, 174 Trimountain, 99 Trinity Church 583 Turen, George (autograph), 243 Turner (arms), 416 Turner, William (autograph), 418 Tuttell, Richard (autograph), 243 Underhill (arms), ' 197 Upsall, Nicholas (autograph), 345 Usher, Hezekiah (autograph), 340 Vane (arms), 188 Vane, Sir HeDry (portrait), 186 Verazzani, John (portrait), 4 View of Boston 1630, 150 !

View by Pownal, 655 . View by Revere, 747 View in 1853, to face title. View in 1853, of vicinity, to face p. I. Walking in great boots, 321 i Warren (arms), 707 1 Wendell (arms), 619 West Church, 601 Wheeler, Thomas (autograph), 406 Wheelwright (arms), 435 Wheelwright, John (a^ograph), 220 Whiting (arms), 332 Willard (arms), 533 Willard, Samuel (portrait), 633 William and Mary (portraits), 685 Williams, Roger (autograph), 117 Willis, Nicholas (autograph), 243 Willoughby, (arms), 375 Winslow (arms), 339 Winslow, Edward (autograph), 210 Wilson, John (autograph), 93 Wilson, John (portrait), 98 Winter Scece at Shawmut, 101 Winthrop (arms), 128 \ Winthrop, John (autograph), 70 Winthrop, John (portrait), 314- Winthrop, John Jr. (autograph), 151 Winthrop, John, Jr. (portrait), 151 Witches, 322 Wussausmon(auifoarapA), 397 Hutchinson, Thomas (autograph), 7C1 Hutchinson, Thomas (portrait), 701 Indians, first interview with, 83 Indian Fort, 45 Indians visit Boston, 121 Indian Wigwam, 40 Jacklene, Edmund (autograph), . . . 243 Jackson, Edmund (autograph), 243 Johnson, Isaac (autograph), 404 Johnson, James (autograph), 243 Joyliffe (arms), 609 King's Chapel, 470 Knollys, Haaserd (portrait), 254 Lake, Thomas (au tograph), 340 Leverett, John (portrait), 289 Loom, ' 272 Lowell (arms), . . . . , 749 Lynde (arms), 544 Lynde, Joseph (autograph), • 526 Mather, Cotton (autograph), 579 Mather, Cotton (portrait), 579 Mather, Increase (autograph), 448 Mather, Increase (portrait), 448 Mayhew, Jonathan (portrait), 666 Meeting-house, First, 104 Meeting-house, 142 Miantonimo's execution, 274 Monument to Ven, 67 !

Mountfort (arms), 522 Mosley (arms), 408 Mosley, Samuel (autograph), 402 Mylom, Johu (autograph), 243 Negus, Jonathan (autograph), . 243 Nelson, John (autograph), 540 New North Church, 647 New South Church, 552 Ninigret (portrait), 215 Old South Church, 386 Old State House, 350 Old Store, Dock Square, 435 Oliver (arms), 303 Oliver, James (autograph), 293,340 Oliver, John (autograph), 243 Oliver, Peter (autograph), 341 Otis (arms), 692 Otis, James (portrait), 667 Paddy, William (autograph), 340 Parker, Richard (autograph), 340 Parsons (arms), 555 Pateshall, Robert (autograph), 341 Penn, James (autograph), 390 Pequot Fort, stormed, 208 Philip (King) (autograph), 387 Philip, King (portrait), 388 Pillory, 437 Poole, Jonathan (autograph), 411 Poole, William (autograph), • 341 Pownall (arms), 654 Pownail, Gov.

Thomas (autograph), 651 Pownall, Gov. Thomas (portrait), 644 Powning, Henry (autograph), 341 Prat, Benjamin (autograph), 714 Pratt, Phin^has (autograph), 41 Primitive House, 61 Prince (arms), 637 Prince, Thomas (autograph), 156 Prince, Thomas (portrait), 646 Printer, James (autograph), 422 Printing Press, 242 Protestant Costume, 104 Purchis, Oliver (autograph), 371 Pynchon, John (autograph), 454 Pynchon, William (autograph), 90 Pyramid, 722 Quincy (arms), 495 Randolph, Edward (autograph), 443 Raynsford, Edward (autograph), 335 Rhode Island Captives, 276 Rowe, Owen (autograph), 194 Russell (arms), 354 Russell, Richard (autograph), DIRECTIONS FOR PLACING THE PLATES. 1. View of the City from Bunker Hill Monument, - - - - to face Title. 2. View of the Vicinity of Boston from the same point, Page 1 3.

Portrait of Sir Martin Frobisher, - 7 4. Portrait of Captain John Smith, - 26 5. Landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, 35 6. Go vernor John Endicott, - - 56 7. Governor John Winthrop, - - 72 8. Sir Richard Saltonstall, - - - 122 9. Mr. John Cotton, - - - - 158 10. Fac-Simile of the first Town Record, 173 11. Governor Sir Henry Vane, - - 186 12. Mr. Hugh Peters, 190 13. Governor Edward Winslow, - - 210 14. Ninigret the Indian Chief, - - 215 15. Governor John Leverett, - - - 289 16. The Rev. John Lathrop, D.D. - 311 17. Mr. Edward Rawson, - - - 368 18. Charles Chauncy, D. D. - - - "393 19. Governor Josiah Winslow, - - 412 20. Colonel Benjamin Church, - - 419 21. The Rev. Increase Mather, D.D. - 448 22. Governor Joseph Dudley, - Page 472 23. Benjamin Franklin, LL.D. - - 492 24. Governor Simon Bradstreet, - - 512 25.

Governor William Stoughton, - 524 26. Rebecca Rawson, ... - 554 27. Map of Boston in 1722, - - 566 28. The Rev. Jeremy Belknap, D. D. - 577 29. The Rev. Cotton Mather, D. D. - 579 30. Governor William Burnet, - - 581 31. The Rev. Samuel Phillips, - - 633 32. The Rev. Thomas Prince, - - 646 33. General Sir William Pepperrell, Bart. 648 34. Ancient View of Boston from the Castle, 655 35. The Hon. James Otis, 667 36. Governor Samuel Adams, LL.D. - 671 37. Governor John Hancock, LL.D. - 673 38. Governor Thomas Hutchinson, - 700 39. View of a portion of Beacon Street from the Common, ... 733 40. General Artemas Ward, - - 734 41. The Hon. Joshua Henshaw, - - 737 42. The Rev. Charles Lowell, D. D- - 749 43. The Rev. Joseph Sewall, D. D. 759 DIRECTIONS FOR PLACING THE PEDIGREES. Saltonstall, -.-.-. 68 Eliot, 136 Leverett, - 159 Cotton, 161 Dudley, 334 Adams, Chauncy, 393 Curwen, 500 Bradstreet, 512 Sewall, - ' 586 Chauncy of Boston, .... 670 675 Of this Edition, (in Folio,) only ONE HUNDRED AND ONE copies printed.

LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS.* Adams, Charles, Jr., North Brooks eld, one. Allibone, S. -Austin Philadelphia, Pa. one. Bailey, Thomas New York, N. Y. two. Bartlett, John-Russell Providence, R. I. one. Beckwith, Henry-Truman " one. Belcher, John Winthrop, one. Bigelow, Frank- Winthrop Weston, one. Bowditch, Nath'l-Ingersoll Boston, one. Bradstreet, John-M. Brooklyn, N. Y. one. Brevoort, J. -Carson New York, N. Y, one. Brinley, George, Jr. Hartford, Ct. one. Brinley, Francis Boston, one. Brown, John-Carter Providence, R. I. one. Bushnell, Charles-I. New York, N. Y. one. Carpenter, William-H. one. Codman, Arthur Boston, one. Congdon, Charles New York, N. Y. two. Crane, Laura-M. Bainbridge, Ind. one. Davis, William-J. New York, N. Y. two. Deane, Charles Cambridge, one. Dean, John- Ward Boston, one. Deane, William-Reed Brookline, one.

De Witt, Francis Ware, one. Drake, Francis* Samuel Dorchester, one. Drake, Josiah SanFrancisco, Cat. one. Drake, Samuel-Adams Dubuque, Iowa, one. Embury, Daniel-E. Brooklyn, N.Y. one. Eldredge, Anna-F.-A. E. Greenwich, R.I. one. Evarts, William-M. New York, N. Y. one. Everett, Edward Boston, one. Folsom, George New York, N. Y. one. Fowle, William-F. Boston, one. Francis, Charles-S. & Co. New York, N. Y. three. Free Academy, " one. Frederickson, Charles- W. Brooklyn, N. Y. two. French, Eli New York, N. Y. two. Gibbs, Benj. -Franklin Boston, one. Gray, George-Harrison " one. Green, Joshua Groton, one. Griswold, Almon-W. New York, N. Y. one. Hazewell, George-R. " one. Henshaw, Charles Boston, one. Henshaw, Jrhn Leicester, one. Jordan, John, Jr. Philadelphia, Pa. one. Kiddcr, Frederic Boston, one.

Koecker, Leonard-R. Philadelphia, Pa. two. Lawrence, Abbott Boston, one. Lawrence, Amos-Adams " one. Lee, Thomas-Joseph " one. Leflfingwell, Edw'd-Henry New Haven, Ct. one. Lincoln, Solomon Hingham, one. Livermore, George Cambridge, one. Lowell, Charles " one. Lunt, William-Parsons Quincy, one. Menzies, William New York, N. Y. two. Mercantile Library Assoc. " one. Moreau, John-B. " one. Morse, Charles-Henry Cambridgeport, one. Morse, S.-Bradford, Jr. East Boston, one. Murphy, Hcnry-C. Brooklyn, N. Y. one. Nodyne, J.-Oakley " one. Norton, Charles-B. New York, N. Y. two. Parker, John- Wells Roxbury, one. Parsons, Samuel-Holden Middletown, Ct. one. Pierrcpont, Henry-E. Brooklyn, N. Y. * one. Philes, George-P. New York, N. Y. one. Phillips, William Boston, two. Phippen, George-D. Salem, one. Pratt, George-Langdon Boston, one.

Pulsifer, David " one. Rice, Edward-Everett Dorchester, one. Riggs, George- W. Washington, D. C. one. Saltonstall, Leverett Boston, one. Sears, David " one. Sewall, Samuel-Edmund Melrose, one. Smith, George-G. Boston, one. Stevens, John-Austin, Jr. New York, N. Y. one. Stuart, Robert-L. " one. Taylor, Joseph-S. " one. Trask, William-Blake Dorchester, one. Tamer, T.-Larkin Boston, one. Warren, J. -Sullivan " one. Waterman, Thomas one. Wheatland, Henry Salem, one. Whiting, Joseph-J. Boston, one. Whiting, William Roxbury, one. Whitniore, Win. -Henry Boston, one. Whitney, Henry-Austin " one. Winsor, Justin " one. Winthrop, Benjamin-R. New York, N. Y. one. * In this list, the State is designated only when the Subscriber is not a resident of Massachusetts, at the time of the closing of it. N. B. — The Author is desirous to place in his Cabinet the Autographs of all who have subscribed for the Folio History and Antiquities of Boston.

It will therefore be highly gratifying to him to receive a letter from each of them, with a brief notice of themselves. Such will be regarded as strictly confi dential. THE HISTORY OF BOSTON.

Chapter I

Boston, the Metropolis of a vast Country. — Events which led to its Settlement. — Cabot's Discoveries. — Influence of Columbus. — Spanish and French Enterprise. — Cortereal. — Aubert. — Verazzani's Discoveries — Their Importance. — Cartier. — DeMont's Discoveries. — Hawkins. — Hoare. Frobisher. - Hakluyt. — Robert Thorn. — School of Discovery. — Overthrow of the Spanish Armada. — English Energy transferred to America. The vast tract of country, of which Boston is the most important place or metropolis, if New York be excepted, seems first* to have been known to the French with far greater accuracy than to the people of any other European nation. It is true the Cabots-j* were before the French in the American seas, in point of time, or the seas of this New World, (for it was before Americus had con ferred his name upon the continent), but there is no evidence that they ever landed anywhere on the North American coast, although it is probably true that Sebastian Cabot, in his voyage of 1498, by some SHIP Of 1694. t means not now known, secured two or three of the natives of the north ern parts, supposed to be Newfoundland, whom he conveyed to England. § Upon Cabot's discoveries, it may gratify the curious reader to see a * It requires more credulity, in the opinion of the writer, than a historian should be pos sessed of, to recount in his text the vague sto ries of the discoveries and possessions of the Scandinavians or Northmen along the shores of New England.

If they deserve notice anywhere, it should not be in a work of higher pretensions than one which might be well entitled " Specu lative History." f In 1497, John Cabot and his son Sebastian, at their own expense, discovered land far to the north. Neither Columbus nor Vespucius had yet seen North America. Thus did this voyage of the Cabots give England its original claim to the New World, such as it was. But it was in a second voyage that Sebastian Cabot ranged this coast from about 57° north, to the latitude of the " Fretum Herculeum," according to Peter Martyr ; that is, to about 30° N. lat. See, also, Stow's Chronicle, 805, ed. 1600 ; or p. 480, ed. 1631. X This is a perfectly correct representation of an armed ship of the armada age, as published in Blundevile's treatise on " Nauigation," 4to. 1594. § Lord Bacon, at the end of his " History of the Reign of Henry the Seventh," devotes two pages to ' The Remarkable Occurrences " in that reign.

"This year, the seventeenth of this king's reign [which chronology is erroneous], Sebastian Cabot brought three Indians into Eng land. They were clothed in beasts' skins, and eat raw flesh. Two of them were seen two years after, dressed like Englishmen, and not to be distinguished from them." See, also, Pur chas, 738, ed. 1614. Robert Fabian in Hakluyt, 515, ed. 1589. Works, Hakluyt Soe. for 1850, p. 23. [1497. 2 HISTORY OF BOSTON. few other particulars in this place ; they therefore follow, as Sebastian himself related them : * ".When my father," he writes, "departed from Venice many yeeres since to dwell in England, to follow the trade of merchandizes, he tooke me with him to the citie of London, while I was very yong, yet hauing, neuerthelesse, some knowledge of letters, of humanity, and of the sphere. | And when my father died in that time when newes were brought that Don Christofer Colonus Genuese [Co lumbus] had discovered the coasts of India, whereof was great talke in all the court of king Henry the Seventh, who then raigned, inso- SEBASTIjLN CABOT. much that all men with great admiration affirmed it to bee a thing more diuine than humane, to saile by the West into the East where spices growe, by a way that was neuer known before ; by this fame and report there increased in my heart a great flame of desire to attempt some notable thing.