The book of the Indians; or, Biography and history of the Indians of North America from its first discovery to the year 1841 ..

Front matter

THE

BOOH OF THE INDIANS;

OR,

Preface

The study of American History in general, and of Indian History in particular, has lone been the favorite employment of many of my hours ; I cannot say “ leisure hours,” for such are unknown to me; but time amidst a variety of cares and business, and before and after “ business hours.” My first publication upon the subject of the Indians was an edition of Church’s History of Philip’s War, a duodecimo, with notes and an appendix. This was in the summer of 1825 ; and, in 1827, it was considerably enlarged, and issued in a second edition, the copyright of which, not long after, passed out of my hands, and the number of editions since issued is unknown to me ; but, about two years since, one of the proprietors told me they amounted to some thirty or forty; yet “second edition” is continued in the title-page to this day. In this republication I intimated my design of a work upon Indian Bi¬ ography, and in 1832, a small duodecimo of 348 pages, bearing that title, was published. In that edition, the chiefs and others noticed were arranged alphabetically. In 1833, a second edition was issued, with The Book of the Indians superadded to the title. The volume now contained three times as much as before, and yet my materials were scarcely half ex¬ hausted. It was in octavo, and under an entirely new arrangement, namely, in bqoks and chapters ; each book being paged by itself, for the purpose of adding new matter at some future time. This arrangement was continued through all the editions to the present.

A third edition,* also considerably enlarged, was published in 1834, which extended to 548 pages, 108 more than the second. The same year produced a fourth, with a few corrections, but without altering the number of the edition in the title-page. A fifth, which stands num¬ bered as the fourth, appeared in 1835, with the addition of a catalogue of all the principal Indian tribes, arranged alphabetically. This was drawn, at great expense of time, from an incredible number of sources. The second edition had been stereotyped, to the original cost of which great expense had been added in corrections and additions, considerably exceeding the profits which had accrued, and I was now beginning to console myself that very little, if any thing, more would be required by way of additions or corrections, and that I should soon begin to derive some small advantage from it, as it had been tolerably well re¬ ceived ; but I found I had “ reckoned without my host ; ” for, on the night of the 30th of September, 1835, the whole was consumed by fire. This was quite discouraging. However, I soon determined to stereotype it anew. Thus taking advantage of what I had considered a great misfortune, I began to revise the whole throughout. Parts were rewritten, and addi¬ tions made in almost every page, and the page itself was enlarged, although one of the pages of the former editions contained as much reading as two octavo pages in the common type. Besides this enlargement of the pages, their number was extended to six hundred. Such were the preparations for the sixth (though printed as the fifth) edition, an impression of which was issued in 1836. The next year produced a seventh. This was the same as the preceding, excepting a few important corrections. I come now to the eighth and present edition, which has received very important enlargements in the three last books, amounting to more than one hundred pages ; and it may be proper to note, that all after pages 143 of Book III., 96 of Book IV., 168 of Book V., are additions to what has been before published. And the catalogue of the tribes has been enlarged to more than twice its original amount. It is now submitted with all its imperfections ; and, although I hope to multiply the number of editions, I have no intention of further enlarging the work.

This edition has been delayed many months in consequence of a hope I had entertained of living to be assured that the Florida war was at an end. That time may now be considered to have arrived. On the events of that war, as will be seen, I have been full and particular; and, if events of importance have escaped me, it was not because I had not used great ex¬ ertions to possess myself of them. If, however, a doubt should be raised upon this head, I would refer the skeptical reader to a document published by order of the U. S. Senate in 1840, purporting to be a report of the secretary of war, “ showing the massacres committed and the property destroyed by the hostile Indians in Florida” since 1835, where a comparison may be made between what 1 have published, and the amount of information in the possession of the war department.

The history of the wrongs and sufferings of the Cherokees has been an important addition to this edition ; and, whatever judgments may be pronounced upon it by the present genera¬ tion, I shall remain silent, under the consciousness that I have done no injustice to the parties concerned. I have been an observer through the whole course of it, and registered events as they passed. I have not used a dirk in the dark, but the broadsword in open day, with fair warning to the adversary. “ Let those who undertake prepare to undergo.”

* As the word edition in the title-page of a book now-a-days may mean any thing or nothing, when a number stands before it, I will just observe that my.first edition consisted of 1,500 copies, the second of 2,000, the third of 500, the fourth, fifth, and sixth of 1,000 each, and the seventh of 500.

AN

ALPHABETICAL ENUMERATION

OF

THE INDIAN TRIBES AND NATIONS.

An attempt is made, in the following Table, to locate the various bands of Aborigines, ancient and modern, and to convey the best information respecting their numbers our multifarious sources will warrant. Mod¬ ern writers have been, for several years, endeavoring to divide North America into certain districts, each of which should include all the In¬ dians speaking the same, or dialects of the same, language ; but whoever has paid any attention to the subject, must undoubtedly have been con¬ vinced that it can never be done with any degree of accuracy. This has been undertaken in reference to an approximation of the great question of the origin of this people, from a comparison of the various languages used among them. Au unwritten language is easily varied, and there can be no barrier to innovation. A continual intermixing of tribes has gone on from the period of their origin to the present time, judging from what we have daily seen ; and when any two tribes unite, speaking dif¬ ferent languages, or dialects of the same, a new dialeet is produced by such amalgamation. Hence the accumulation of vocabularies would be like the pursuit of an infinite series in mathematics; with this difference, however — in the one we recede from the object in pursuit, while in the other we approach it But I would not be understood to speak dispar¬ agingly of this attempt at classification ; for, if it be unimportant in the main design, it will be of considerable service to the student in Indian history on other accounts. Thus, the Uchees are said to speak a primitive language, and they were districted in a small territory south of the Cherokees ; but, some 200 years ago, — if they then existed as a tribe, and their tradition be true, — they were bounded on the north by one of the great lakes. And they are said to be descended from the Shawanees by some of themselves. We know an important community of them is still in existence in Florida. Have they created a new language in the course of their wanderings ? or have those from whom they separated done so ? Such are the difficulties we meet with at every step of a classification. But a dissertation upon these matters cannot now be attempted.

In the following analysis, the names of the tribes have been generally given in the singular number, for the sake of brevity ; and the word Indians , after such names, is omitted from the same cause. Few abbreviations have been used : — W. R., west of the Rocky Mountains ; m., miles ; r., river ; 1., lake ; and perhaps a few others. In some instances, reference is made to the body of the work, where a more extended account of a tribe is to be found. Such references are to the Book and Page, the same as in the Index.

Abekas, probably Muskogees, under the French at Tombeckbee in 1750.

Abenakies, over Maine till 1754, then went to Canada; 200 in 1689; 150 in 1780.

Aesoroka, (Minetare,) S. branch Yellowstone ; lat. 46°, Ion. 105°; 45,000 in 1834.

Accokesaw, W. side Colorado, about 200 m. S. W. Nacogdoches.

Acomak, one of the six tribes in Virginia when settled by the English in 1607.

Adaize, 4 m. from Nachitocbes, on Lake Macdon ; 40 men in 1805.

Adirondaks, (Algonkin,) along the N. shore St. Lawrence ; 100 in 1786.

A * viii INDIAN TRIBES AND NATIONS.

Facullies, 100 in 1820 ; on Stuart Lake, W. Rocky Mount. ; lat. 54°, Ion. 125° W. Fall, so called from their residence at the falls of the Kooskooskee. See Alansars. Five Nations, Mohawks, Senecas, Cayugas, Onondagas, and Oneidas; which see. Flat-Heads, (Tutseewas,) on a large river W. R. ; on S. fork Columbia r. iv. 25. Folles Avoines, the French so called the Menominies.

Fond do Lac, roam from Snake River to the Sandy Lakes.

Fowl-towns, (Seminoles,) 12 m. E. Fort Scott; about 300 in 1820.

Foxes, (Ottagamies,) called Renardsby the French ; dispossessed by B. Hawk’s war.

Ganawese, on the heads of Potomac River; same as Kanhaways, probably. Gayhead, Martha’s Vineyard; 200 in 1800; in 1820, 340.

Grand River, on Grand r., N. side L. Ontario ; Mohawks, Senecas, and oth. ; 2,000. Gros Ventres, W. Mississippi, on Maria River, in 1806; in 1834, 3,000.

Hare-foot, next S. of the Esquimaux, and in perpetual war with them. Hallibees, a tribe of Creeks, destroyed in 1813. iv. 57.

Hannakallal, 600 in 1820, on Pacific, S. Columbia, next beyond the Luckkarso. Hassanamesits, a tribe of Nipmuks, embraced Christianity in 1660. ii. 51, 115. Hihighenimmo, 1,300 in 1820, from mouth of Lastaw River, up it to the forks. Hellwits, 100 m. along the Columbia, from the falls upward, on the N. side. Herring Pond, a remnant of Wampanoags, in Sandwich, Mass. ; about 40. Hietans, (Camanches,) erratic bands; from Trinity to Brazos, and Red River. Hini, (Cadodache,) 200 in 1820, on Angelina r., between Red r. and Rio del Norte. Hitchittees, once on Chattahoochee r. ; 600 now in Arkansas ; speak Muskogee. Hohilpos, (Tushepahas,) 300 in 1820, above great falls on Clark’s River.

Humas, (Oumas,) “ Red nation,” in Ixsussees Parish, La., in 1805, below Manchak. Hcrons, (Wyandots, Quatoghies,) adjacent, and N. gt. lakes; subd. by Iroq., 1650.

Illinois, “ the lake of men,” both sides Illinois r. ; 12,000 in 1670 ; 60 towns in 1700. Inies, or Tachies, [Texas ?] branch Sabine; 80 men in 1806; speak Caddo. Ioways, on Toway River before Black Hawk’s war ; 1,100 beyond the Mississippi. Iroquois, 1606, on St. Lawrence, below Quebec ; 1687, both sides Ohio, to Miss. v. 3. Isatis, sometimes a name of the Sioux before 1755.

Ithkyemamits, 600 in 1820, on N. side Columbia, near the Cathlaskos.

Jelan, one of three tribes of Camanches, on sources Brazos, del Norte, &c.

Kadapaus, a tribe in N. Carolina in 1707.

Kahunkles, 400 in 1820, W. Rocky Mountains; abode unknown.

Kaloosas, a tribe found early in Florida, long since extinct.

Kanenavish, on the Padoucas’ fork of the Platte; 400 in 1805.

Kanhawas, Ganawese or Canhaways ; on the River Kanhawa, formerly.

Kansas, on the Arkansas River; about 1,000 in 1836; in 1820, 1,850.

Kaskaskias, (Illin.,) on a river of same name flowing into the Mississ. ; 250 in 1797. Kaskayas, between sources of the Platte and Rocky Mountains; 3,000 in 1836. Katteka, (Padoucas,) not located by travellers. See Padoucas.

Keekatsa, (Crows,) both sides Yellowstone, above mouth Big Horn r. ; 3,500 in 1805. Keyche, E. branch Trinity River in 1806; once on the Sabine; 260 in 1820. Kiawas, on Padouca River, beyond the Kites; 1,000 in 1806.

Kigene, on the shore of Pacific Ocean in 1821, under the chief Skittegates. Kikapoo, formerly in Illinois; now about 300, chiefly beyond the Mississippi. Killamuk, a branch of the Clatsops,on the coast of the Pacific Ocean ; about 1,000. Killawat, in a large town on the coast of the Pacific, E. of the Luktons. Killaxthocles, 100 in 1820, at the mouth of Columbia River, on N. side. Kimoenims, a band of the Chopunnish, on Lewis’s River; 800 in 1820, in 33 clans. Kinai, about Cook’s Inlet, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean.

Kites, (Staetans,) between sources Platte and Rocky Mountains ; about 500 in 1820. Kiskaxons inhabited Michilimakinak in 1680; a Huron tribe.

Knistenaux, on Assinnaboin River; 5,000 in 1812; numerous; women comely. Konagens, Esquimaux, inhabiting Kadjak Island, lat. 58°, Ion. 152° VV. Kook-koo-oose, on the coast of the Pacific, S. of the Killawats ; 1,500 in 1835. Kuskarawaoks, one of six tribes on E. shore of Chesapeak in 1607; (Tuscaroras ?)

Lahanna, 2,000 in 1820, both sides Columbia, above the mouth of Clark’s River. Lapanne. See Apaches.

Lartielo, 600 in 1820, at the falls of Lastaw River, below Wayton Lake.

Leaf, (Sioux,) 600 in 1820, on the Missouri, above Prairie du Chien.

Leech River, about 350 in 1820, near Sandy Lake, lat. 46° 9' N.

Lenna Lekape, once from Hudson to Delaware River; now scattered in the West.

INDIAN TRIBES AND NATIONS.

ix

Lipanis, 800 in 1816, from Rio Grande to the interior of Texas; light hair. Loucheux, next N. of the Esquimaux, or S of lat. 67° 15' N.

Lukawis, 800 in 1820, W. of the Rocky Mountains; abode unknown.

Lukkarso, 1,200 in 1820, coast of Pacific, S. of Columbia r., beyond the Shallalah. Luktons, 20 in 1820, W. of the Rocky Mountains; abode unknown.

Machapungas, in N. Carolina in 1700; practised circumcision.

Mandans, 1,250 in 1805, 1200 m. fm. mouth of Misso. ; 1838, reduced to 21 by sm. pox. Mangoags, or Tuteloes, (Iroquois,) Nottoway River, formerly; now extinct. Manhattans, (Mohicans,) once on the island where New York city now stands. Mannahoaks, once on the upper waters of the Rappahannock r. ; extinct long ago. Marachites, (Abenakies.) on the St. Johns ; a remnant remains.

Marsapeagues, once on Long Island, S. side of Oyster Bay; extinct. *

Marshpees, (Wampanoags,) 315 in 1832; Barnstable Co., Mass. ; mixed with blacks. Mascoutins, or Fire Ind., betw. Mississ. and L. Michigan, 1665 ; (Sacs and Foxes ?) Massachusetts, the state perpetuates their name. ii. 42.

Massawomes, (Iroquois,) once spread over Kentucky.

Mathlanobs, 500 in 1820, on an island in the mouth of Wallaumut River, W. R. Mayes, 600 in 1805, St. Gabriel Creek, mouth of Guadaloupe River, Louisiana. Menominies, (Algonkins,) once on Illinois r. ; now 300, W. Mississ. v. 142-4, 171. Messassagnes, 2,000 in 1764, N. of, and adjacent to, L. Huron and Superior, v.4, n. Miamis, (Algonkins,) once on the r. of their name; now 1,500, beyond the Mississ. Mikasaukies, (Seminoles,) about 1,000 in 1821 ; very warlike, iv. 93, 128. Mikmaks, (Algonkins,) 3,000 in 1760, in Nova Scotia; the Suriquois of the French. Miksuksealton, (Tushepaha,) 300 in 1820, Clark’s River, above great falls, W. R. Minetares, 2,500 in 1805, 5 m. above the Mandans, on both sides Knife River. Mindawarcarton, in 1805, on both sides Mississippi, from St. Peters upward. Mingoes, once such of the Iroquois were so called as resided upon the Scioto River. Minsi, Wolf tribe of the Lenna Lenape, once over New Jersey and part of Penn. Missouries, once on that part of the River just below Grand River. Mitchigamies, one of the five tribes of the Illinois; location uncertain.

Mohawks, head of Five Nations; formerly on Mohawk r. ; a few now in Canada. Mohegans, or Moheakunnuks, in 1610, Hudson r. from Esopus to Albany, ii. 87,97. Monacans, (Tuscaroras,) once near where Richmond, Virginia, now is. Mongoulatches, on the W. side of the Mississippi. See Bayagoulas. Montagnes, (Algonkins,) N. side St. Lawr., betw. Saguenay and Tadousac, in 1609. Montauks, on E. end of Long Island, formerly; head of 13 tribes of that island. Moratoks, 80 in 1607 ; 40 in 1669, in Lancaster and Richmond counties, Virginia. Mosquitos, once a numerous race on the E. side of the Isthmus of Darien. Multnomahs, (Wappatoo,) 800 in 1820, mouth of- Multnomah River, W. R. Munseys, (Delawares,) in 1780, N. branch Susquehannah r. ; to the Wabash in 1808. Muskogees, 17,000 in 1775, on Alabama and Apalachicola Rivers. See B. iv. 24.

Nabedaches, (Caddo,) on branch Sabine, 15 m. above the Inies; 400 in 1805. Nabijos, betw- N. Mexico and the Pacific; live in stone houses, and manufacture. Nandakoes, 120 in 1805, on Sabine, 60 m. W. of the Yattassees; (Caddo.) Nantikokes, 1711, on Nantikoke River; 1755, at Wyoming; same year went west. Narcotah, the name by which the Sioux know themselves.

Narragansets, S. side of the bay which perpetuates their name. ii. 21, 23, 38, 53. Nashuays, (Nipmuks,) on that river from its mouth, in Massachusetts.

Natchez, at Natchez; discovered, 1701 ; chiefly destroyed by French, 1720. iv. 43. Natchitoches, once at that place; 100 in 1804; now upon Red River. Nateotetains, 200 in 1820, W. R., on a river of their name, W. of the Facullies. Natiks, (Nipmuks,) in Massachusetts, in a town now called after them. Nechacoke, (Wappatoo,) 100 in 1820, S. side Columbia, near Quicksand r., W. R. Neekeetoo, 700 in 1820, on the Pacific, S. of the Columbia, beyond the Youicone. Nemalquinner, (Wappatoo,) 200 in 1820, N. side Wallaumut River, 3 m. up. Niantiks, a tribe of the Narragansets, and in alliance with them. ii. 67. Nicariagas, pnce about Michilimakinak ; joined Iroquois in 1723, as seventh nation. Nipissins, (original Algonkins,) 400 in 1764, near the source of Ottoway River. Nipmuks, eastern interior of Mass.; 1,500 in 1775; extinct, ii. 18, 40, 100; iii. 91. Norridgewoks, (Abenakies,) on Penobscot River. See Book iii. 119, 127. Nottoways, on Nottoway River, in Virginia; but 2 of clear blood in 1817. Nyacks, (Mohicans,) or Manhattans, once about the Narrows, in New York.

Oakmulges, (Muskogees,) to the E. of Flint River; about 200 in 1834. Ocameches, in Virginia in 1607; had before been powerful; then reduced. Ochees. See Uchees. — Perhaps Ochesos; 230 in Florida in 1826, at Ochee Bluff. Oconas, (Creeks.) See Book iv. 29.

X INDIAN TRIBES AND NATIONS.

Ojibwas, (Chippeways,) 30,000 in 1836, about the great lakes, and N. of them. Okatiokinans, (Seminoles,) 580 in 1820, near Fori Gaines, E. side Mississippi. Omahas, 2,200 in 1820, on Elkhorn River, 80 m. from Council Bluffs, v. 130', 137. Oneidas, one of the Five Nations; chief seat near Oneida Lake, New York. v. 4. Onondagas, one of the Five Nations; formerly in New York; 300 in 1840. v. 4. Ootlashoots, (Tushepahas,) 400 in 1820, on Clark’s River, W. Rocky Mountains. Osages, 4,000 in 1830, about Arkansas and Osage Rivers; many tribes. Otagamies, (Winnebagoes,) 300 in 1780, betw. Lake of the Woods and the Missis. Otoes, 1,500 in 1820; in 1805, 500; 15 leagues up the River Platte, on S. side. Ottawas, 1670, removed from L. Superior to Michilimakinak ; 2,800 in 1820. v. 41. Ouiatanons, or Waas, (Kikapoos,) mouth of Eel r., Ind., 1791, in a village 3 m. long. Oumas, E. bank Mississippi in 1722, in 2 villages, quarter of a mile from the river. Owassissas, (Seminoles,) 100 in 1820, on E. waters of St. Mark’s River.

Ozas, 2,000 in 1750; on Ozaw River in 1780, which flows into the Mississippi. Ozimies, one of the six tribes on E. shore of Maryland and Virginia in 1607.

Pacanas, on Quelquechose Rivqr, La. ; 30 men in 1805; 40 m. S. W. Natchitoches. Padoucas, 2,000 warriors in 1724, on the Kansas; dispersed before 1805. Padowagas, by some the Senecas were so called; uncertain.

Pailsh, 200 in 1820, on coast of the Pacific, N. Columbia r., beyond the Potoashs. Palaches, a tribe found early in Florida, but long since extinct.

Pamlico, but 15 in 1708, about Pamlico Sound, in N. Carolina; extinct.

Pancas, once on Red River, of Winnipec 1. ; afterwards joined the Omahas.

Panis, (Tonicas,) 40 vill. in 1750, S. br. Missouri; 70 vill. on Red r., 1755. ii. 36. Panneh. See Allakaweah, 2,300 in 1805, on heads Big Horn River. Pascataways, once a considerable tribe on the Maryland side Potomac River. Pascagoulas, 25 men in 1805, on Red r., 60 m. below Natchitoches; from Florida. Passamaq,uoddie, on Schoodak r., Me., in Perry Pleasant Point, a small number. Paunee, 10,000 in 1820, on the Platte and Kansas; Republicans, Loupes, and Piets. Pawistucienemuk, 500 in 1820; small, brave tribe, in the prairies of Missouri. Pawtuckets, (Nipmuks,) on Merrimac River, where Chelmsford now is ; extinct. Pegans, (Nipmuks,) 10 in 1793, in Dudley, Mass., on a reservation of 200 acres. Pelloatpallah, (Cbopunnish,) 1,600 in 1820, on Kooskooskee r., above forks, W. R. Penobscots, (Abenakies,) 330, on an island in Penobscot r., 12 m. above Bangor. Pennakooks, (Nipmuks,) on Merrimac r., where is now Concord, N. H. iii. 94 95. Peorias, 97 in 1820, on Current River; one of the five tribes of the Illinois. Pequakets, (Abenakies,) on sources Saco River; destroyed by English in 1725. Peqoots, about the mouth of Connecticut River; subdued in 1637. ii. 101—110 Phillimees, (Seminoles,) on or near the Suane River, Florida, in 1817. Piankashaws, 3,000 once, on the Wabash ; in 1780, but 950; since driven west. Piankatank, a tribe in Virginia when first settled; unlocated.

Pineshow, (Sioux,) 150 in 1820, on the St. Peter’s, 15 m. from its mouth. Pishquitpah, 2,600 in 1815, N. side Columbia River, at Muscleshell Rapids, W. R. Potoash, 200 in 1820, coast Pacific, N. mouth Columbia, beyond Clamoctomichs. Pottowattomie, 1671, on Noquet i., L. Michigan ; 1681, at Chicago, v. 141, 142. Powhatans, 32 tribes spread over Virginia when first discovered by the English, iv. 4. Puans, the Winnebagoes were so called by the French at one period.

Qgabaogs, (Nipmuks,) at a place of the same name, now Brookfield, Mass. Quapaw, 700 in 1820, on Arkansas r., opp. Little Rock ; reduced by sm. pox in 1720. Quathlahpohtles, on S. W. side Columbia, above mouth Tahwahnahiook River. Quatoghie, (Wyandots,) once, S. side L. Michigan ; sold their lands to Entr. in 1707. Quesadas. See Coosadas.

Quieetsos, on the Pacific; 250 in 1820 ; N. Columbia r., next N. of the Quiniilts. Qciniilts, on coast of the Pacific, N. of Columbia r. ; 250 in 1820 ; next the Pailshs. Quinnechart, coast Pacific, next N. Calasthocles, N. Columbia r. ; 2,000 in 1820. Qcinnipissa are those called Bayagoulas by the Chevalier Tonti.

Quoddies. See PxssAMAquoDDiE. — 3 Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc. iii. 181.

Rapids. See Pawistucienemuks.

Redground, (Seminoles,) 100 in 1820, on Chattahoochie r., 12 m. above Florida line. Redknife, so called from their copper knives; roam in the region of Slave Lake. Red-stick, (Seminoles,) the Baton Rouge of the French, iv. 64.

Red-wing, (Sioux,) on Lake Pepin, under a chief of their name ; 100 in 1820. Ricaree, (Paunees,) before 1805, 10 large vill. on Missouri r. ; reduced by sm. pox. River, (Mohegans,) S. of the Iroquois, down the N. side of Hudson r. iii. 97 ; v. 14. Round-heads, (Hurons,) E. side Lake Superior; 2,500 in 1764.

Rvawas, on the Padouca fork of the Missouri ; 900 in 1820.

INDIAN TRIBES AND NATIONS.

XI

Sachdagughs, (Powhatans,) perhaps the true name of the Powhatans. Sankhikans, the Delawares knew the Mohawks by that name.

Santees, a small tribe in N. Carolina in 1701, on a river perpetuating their name. Saponies, (Wanamies.) Sapona River, Carolina, in 1700; joined Tuscaroras, 1720. Satanas, a name, it is said, given the Shawanees by the Iroquois.

Sauke, or Sac, united with Fox before 1805 ; then on Mississ., above Illinois, v. 142. Sauteurs, or Fall Indians of the French, about the falls of St. Mary. Savannahs, so called from the river, or the river from them; perhaps Yamasees. Scattakooks, upper part of Troy, N. Y. ; went from New England about 1672. Seminoles have been established in Florida a hundred years, iv. ubi supra. Senecas, one of the Five Nations; “ranged many thousand miles” in 1700. v. 4. Sepones, in Virginia in 1775, but a remnant. See Saponies.

Serranna, (Savannahs?) in Georgia; nearly destroyed by the Westoes about 1670. Sewees, a small tribe in N. Carolina, mentioned by Lawson in 1710.

Shallalah, 1,200 in 1816, on the Pacific, S. Columbia r., next the Cookkoo-oosee. Shallattoos, on Columbia River, above the Skaddals; 100 in 1820. Shanwappone, 400 in 1820, on the heads of Cataract and Taptul Rivers.

Shawane, once over Ohio ; 1672, subdued by Iroquois ; 1,383 near St. Louis in 1820. Sheastukle, 900 in 1820, on the Pacific, S. Columbia r., next beyond the Youitz. Shinikooks, a tribe of Long Island, about what is now South Hampton. Shoshonee, 30,000 in 1820, on plains N. Missouri ; at war with the Blackfeet. Shoto, (Wappatoo,) 460 in 1820, on Columbia River, opposite mouth of Wallaumut. Sicaunies, 1,000 in 1820, among the spurs of the Rocky Mounts., W. of the Rapids. Sioux, discovered by French, 1660 ; 33,000 in 1820, St. Peter’s, Missis., and Misso. r. Sissatones, upper portions of Red r., of L. Winnipec and St. Peter’s, in 1820. Sitimacha. See Chitimicha.

Sitka, on King George III. Islands, on the coast of the Pacific, about lat. 57° N. Six Nations, (Iroquois,) Mohawk, Seneca, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga, Shawane. Skaddals, on Cataract River, 25 m. N. of the Big Narrows ; 200 in 1820. Skeetsomish, 2,000 in 1820, on a river of their name flowing into the Lastaw. Skilloot, on Columbia River, from Sturgeon Island upward ; 2,500 in 1820. Skunnemoke, or Tuckapas, on Vermilion River, La., 6 leagues W. of N. Iberia. Smokshop, on Columbia r., at the mouth of the Labiche; 800 in 1820, in 24 clans. Snake. See Aliatans, or Shoshonees.

Sokokie, on Saco River, Maine, until 1725, when they withdrew to Canada. Sokulk, on the Columbia, above mouth of Lewis’s River ; 2,400 in 1820. SouRiquois, (Mikmaks,) once so called by the early French.

Souties, (Ottowas,) a band probably mistaken for a tribe by the French.

Soyennom, (Chopunnish,) on N. side E. fork of Lewis’s River; 400 in 1820; W. R. Spokain, on sources Lewis’s River, over a large tract of country, W. Rocky Mts. Sciuannaroo, on Cataract r., below the Skaddals; 120 in 1820; W. Rocky Mts. Staetans, on heads Chien r., with the Kanenavish ; 400 in 1805 ; resemble Kiawas. Stockbridge, New, (Mohegans and Iroquois,) collected in N. Y., 1786; 400 in 1820. Stockbridge, Mass., (Mohegans.) settled there in 1734 ; went to Oneida in 1786. St. John’s, (Abenakies,) about 300 still remain on that river.

SusquEHANNOK, on W. shore of Md. in 1607; that river perpetuates their name. Sussees, near sources of a branch of the Saskashawan, W. Rocky Mountains. Symerons, a numerous race, on the E. side of the Isthmus of Darien.

Tacullies, u people who go upon water ; ” on head waters of Frazier’s River, La. Tahsagroudie, about Detroit in 1723; probably Tsonothouans.

Tahuacana, on River Brazos; 3 tribes; 180 m. up; 1,200 in 1820.

Tallahasse, (Seminoles,) 15 in 1820, between Oloklikana and Mikasaukie. Tallewheana, (Seminoles,) 210 in 1820, on E. side Flint River, near the Chehaws. Tamaronas, a tribe of the Illinois; perhaps Peorias afterwards.

Tamatles, (Seminoles,) 7 m. above the Ocheeses, and numbered 220 in 1820. Tarratines, E. of Pascataqua River; the Nipmuks so called the Abenakies. Tattowhehallys, (Seminoles,) 130 in 1820 ; since scattered among other towns. Taukaways, on the sources of Trinity, Brazos, De Dios, and Colorado Rivers. Tawakenoe, “ Three Canes,” W. side Brazos r., 200 m. W. of Nacogdoches, 1804. Tawaws, (Hurons,) on the Mawrae in 1780, 18 m. from Lake Erie.

Telmocresse, (Seminoles,) W. side Chattahoochee, 15 m. above fork ; 100 in 1820. Tenisaw, once on that river which flows into Mobile Bay; went to Red r. in 1765. Tetons, (Sioux,) “ vile miscreants,” on Mississ., Misso., St. Peter’s; “ real pirates.” Tionontaties, or Dinondadies, a tribe of Hurons, or their general name. Tockwoghs, one of the six tribes on the Chesapeak in 1607.

Tonicas, 20 warriors in 1784, on Mississippi, opp. Point Coup6; once numerous. Tonkahans, a nation or tribe of Texans, said to be cannibals.

Xii INDIAN TRIBES AND NATIONS.

Tonkawa, 700 in 1820, erratic, about Bay St. Bernardo.

Toteros, on the mountains N. of the Sapones, in N. Carolina, in 1700.

Totuskeys. See Moratoks.

Towacanno, or Towoash, one of three tribes on the Brazos. See Tahuacana. Tsononthouans, Hennepin so called the Senecas ; by Cox, called Sonnontovans. Tuxabatche, on Tallapoosie River, 30 m. above Fort Alabama, in 1775.

Tunica, (Mobilian,) on Red River, 90 m. above its mouth; but 30 in 1820.

Tunxis, (Mohegans,) once in Farmington, Conn. ; monument erected to them, 1840. Tushepahas, and Ootlashoots, 5,600 in 1820, on Clark’s and Missouri Rivers. Tuscarora, on Neus r., N. Carolina, till 1712; a few now in Lewiston, Niagara r. Tuteloes. See Mangoaks, or Mangoags.

Tutseewa, on a river W. Rocky Mts., supposed to be a branch of the Columbia. Twightwees, (Miamies,) in 1780, on the Great Miami; so called by the Iroquois.

Uchee, once on Chattauchee r., 4 towns ; some went to Florida, some west. iv. 141. Ufallah, (Seminoles,) 670 in 1820, 12 m. above Fort Gaines, on Chattahoochee r. Ugaljachmutzi, a tribe about Prince William’s Sound, N. W. coast.