Th…

Th

Th, an abbreviation of the article the, ND. Comb.: thair, S2; thangel, C2; tharmes, C; tharray, S2, C2; thassemblee, S2, C3; thavys, the advice, C; theffect, C2; theffusion, S3; thegle, C2; thembatel, S3; themperice, S; themperour, S2, C3; thencens, C; thenchauntement, C; thencres, C; thende, S, S2, S3; thentencioun, C3; therle, S3; thestat, C; thimage, C2; thingot, C3; thold, S3; thorient, C2; thorisoun, C; thothre, S, S3.

Þa, art. def. fem. the, S; dat. masc., S; pl., S; pron. pl., who, S; see Þe.

Þam, art. dat. s. and pl. the, S; see Þe. And see Þei.

Þan, art. dat. and acc. the, S; see Þe.

Þan, adv. then; see Þanne.

Þane, art. acc. masc. the, S; see Þe.

Þane, adv. then, S; see Þanne.

Þane, sb. thane, S2; see Þeyn.

Þanen, adv. thence, S; þanene, S2.—AS. þanon.

Þank, sb. a thought, a thank, gratitude, grace; þanc, S; þonc, S; þonk, S, PP; þance, dat., S; þonke, S, S2; þankes, pl., PP; thonkes, PP, S2. Phr.: can þanc, con þonk, is thankful, S; here þankes, gen. as adv., of their own thought, spontaneously, S, C.—AS. þanc; cp. OHG. thanc (Otfrid).

Þanken, v. to thank, PP, S; þonken, PP, S, S2.—AS. þancian.

Þanne, adv. then, when, S, PP, S2, C; þann, S; þane, S; þan, S, S2, C2; þenne, S, PP, S2; þene, S, PP; þen, S; þeonne, S.—AS. þænne.

Þanne, conj. than, S; þane, S; þan, S2; þenne, S; þenn, S; þene, S; þen, S, PP.—AS. þænne.

Þanne, adv. thence, S2; see Þenne.

Þar, pt.-pr. s. impers. it needs, opus est, B, H; thare, H; þarf, S; tharst, 2 pt.-pr. s., PP; thart, pt.-pr. s., HD. Comb.: thardestow, thou wouldst need, PP; see Þurfen.

Þar-, prefix; see Þer-.

Þare, art. dat. f. to the, S; see Þe.

Þarmes, sb. pl. entrails, HD.—AS. þearm (Voc.); for cognates see Kluge (s.v. darm).

Þarne, v. to lack, want, HD, H; tharn, H; tharnys, pr. s., H; tharnyd, pt. s., H.—Icel. þarnask (for þarfnask), to lack.

Þas, pron. dem. pl. those, S, S2; see Þes.

Þat, pron. dem., pron. rel. and conj. that, S, S2; þet, S, S2; at, S2, S3, H, NED.—AS. þæt. See Þe.

Þauien, v. to permit, SD; þeauien, S; thave, HD.—AS. þafian.

Þe, pron. dem. and def. art. m. that man, the, S; þæ, S; te, S; to, S; þat, n., S, S2; þet, S, S2; tat, S; tatt, S; þes, gen. m., S; þes þe, so much the (more), S; þas, S; þane, acc. m., S, S2; þan, S, S2; þene, S; þenne, S; þen, S, S2; þam, dat. m., S; þan, S; þen, S, S2; þon, S; þo, S; þa, S; þeo, nom. f., S; þære, dat. f. and gen. f.; þare, S; þere, S; þar, S; þer, S; þa, acc. f., S; þo, S; þeo, S; þie, S; þe, inst. as in þe bet, the better, PP. Comb.: the self, itself, H.—ONorth. ðé, see Sievers, 337.

Þe, pron. rel. who, which, S.—AS. ðe (the indeclinable relative pronoun). See above.

Þe, conj. than, S.—AS. ðe, ‘quam.’

Þeaw, sb. habit, virtue, S; see Þew.

Þedam, sb. prosperity, Prompt., HD. See Þeen.

Þede, sb. pl. nations, S2 (3. 29); see Þeode.

Þeden, adv. thence, S; see Þeþen.

Þeder, adv. thither, S2; see Þider.

Þeef, sb. thief, C2; see Þeof.

Þeen, v. to thrive, vigere, Prompt.; thee, S3, C2, C3, Spenser (2), HD; the, C, HD; the, 1 pr. s. subj., PP; theech (thee + ich), may I thrive, C3; theich, PP; þeagh, pt. s., SD; i-þeȝ, S2.—AS. (ge)þéon: *þíhan; cp. Goth. theihan; see Sievers, 383, Douse, p. 40.

Þefe, sb. leafy branch, twig; theve, Prompt. Comb.: thefethorn, buckthorn, Alph. (n. p. 156), Voc.; thefthorne, H; thewethornys, pl., morus, Voc.; thethorne, ramnus, Prompt.; the thorntre, Voc.—AS. þýfe (þéfe), þefe-þorn, ‘ramnus’ (Voc.), ðeofeðorn (Voc.); cf. AS. þúfian, ‘frutescere’ (Voc.).

Þei, pron. pl. they, S, PP, C; þeȝȝ, S; teȝȝ, S; þai, S, PP, S2; tai, S; the, S3; þeȝȝre, gen., S; teȝȝre, S; thair, S2; thayr, PP; þar, S2, S3; þeȝȝm, dat. acc., S; thaim, S2; thaym, PP; tham, S2. Comb.: þam-selue, themselves, S2.—Icel. þeir, they (Dan. de), gen. þeirra, dat. þeim; cp. AS. ðá, those. See Þe.

Þein, sb. thane, S; see Þeyn.

Þellyche, pron. such, S2; see Þulli.

Þenchen, v. to think, to intend, S, S2; þenken, PP, S; þohte, pt. s., S, S2; þoȝte, S; þoght, S2; thoucte, S; þouhten, pl., S; þoght, pp., S2; þouht, PP; thouct, S.—AS. þencan, pt. þóhte, pp. (ge)þóht. See Þynken.

Þene, art. acc. masc. the, S; þen, S; see Þe.

Þenien, v. to serve; þenið, pr. pl., S. Der.: þeninge, services, S.—AS. þénian, þegnian, from þegn. See Þeyn.

Þenne, than; also then; see Þanne.

Þenne, adv. thence, S; þanne, S2; þonne, S; þeonne, S2, PP. See Þanen.

Þennes, adv. thence, PP, S2, C2, C3; thennus, W. Comb.: thennes-forth, thenceforth, C2.

Þeode, sb. people, nation, S; þiode, S; þeode, pl., orders (of angels), S; nations, S2; þede, S2; þeden, dat., S.—AS. þéod; cp. Goth. thiuda, OHG. thiota (Tatian).

Þeof, sb. thief, S, PP; thef, PP; þyef, S2; theef, C2, Prompt.; þeue, dat., S; þieue, S; þeofes, pl., S; þeoues, S, PP; theues, W2; theueli, in a thief-like manner, W2; þeofte, theft, S; þefte, PP, Prompt.—AS. þéof: Goth. thiubs; cp. OHG. thiob (Tatian).

Þeorrf, adj. unleavened, S; see Þerf.

Þeos, pron. dem. f. this, S; see Þes.

Þeoster, sb. darkness, S.—AS. þéostru: OS. thiustri.

Þeostre, adj. dark, S; see Þester.

Þeow, sb. servant; þeoww, S. Der.: þeou-dom, bondage; þeoudome, dat., S.—AS. þéow: Goth. thius; cp. OHG. thiu, ‘ancilla’ (Otfrid).

Þeowten, v. to serve; þeowwtenn, S.—From AS. þéowet, service.

Þer, pron. dem. pl. these, S2, HD; there, H; þir, S2, H. S3, JD; those, B.—Icel. þeir, they. See Þei.

Þer-, prefix, SkD (s.v. there-). Comb.: þerfore, for it, for that cause, PP, S, C2; þerfor, S, S2; þeruore, S2; þereuore, S; þarfore, S, S2; þaruore, S; þareuore, S; þærfore, S; þerinne, therein, S, S2, C2; þærinne, S; þarinne, S; þrinne, S, S2; thrynne, G; þarin, S, S2; þerin, S; þerwið, therewith, S, C2; þarwið, S, S2; þerwiȝt, S2; þærwiðð, S; þermide, therewith, S; þeremyde, P; þarmid, S; þerof, thereof, S, C2; þrof, S.—AS. ðǽre, pron. dem. dat. f.; see Þe.

Þere, adv. there, where, S, S2, S3; þare, S; þore, S, S2; þer, S, S2, S3; þar, S, S2; þor, S; þear, S; þiar, S; þær, S; tær, S (in Ormulum). Comb.: þer aboute, thereabouts, S2; þare amang, at various times, S2; þer an under, there beneath, S2; þere as, where that, S3; þer biuore, before then, S2; þer before, S; þer efter, thereafter, S; ther on, thereon, C2; þron, S; þrute, thereout, S; þer oȝeines, in comparison therewith, S; þare ogayne, S2; þorquiles, meanwhile, S; þere whiles, P; þertil, thereto, S; þortil, S; þerto, thereto, S, S2, C2, C3; þarto, S2; þer towart, against it, S; þer uppe, besides, S; þruppe, thereupon, S.—AS. þær: Goth. thar.

Þere, art. gen. and dat. f. of the, to the, S; see Þe.

Þerf, adj. unleavened, W, S2, PP; þeorrf, S. Comb.: therf looues, unleavened bread, W; therf breed, HD.—AS. þeorf; cp. Icel. þjarfr.

Þerfling, adj. unleavened; þerrflinng, S.

Þerne, sb. a girl, SD (Havelok, 298); see Tarne.

Þes, pron. dem. m. this, S; þis, S; þis, n., S; þeos, f., S; teos, S; þesses, gen. m., S; þisse, gen. f., S; þissen, dat. m., S; þisse, dat. f., S; þisser, S; þesser, S; þeser, S; þas, acc. f., S; þas, pl., S, S2; þos, S; þeos, S; þes, C, W2; these, W2; þues, S2; þis, S2; þies, S3; þisse, dat. pl., S; þise, S2, C2; þyse, S2; þesen, S.—AS. þes, see Sievers, 338, and SkD (s.v. this).

Þester, adj. dark, HD; þyester, S2; þeostre, S, þuster, S.—AS. þéostre: OS. thiustri.

Þesternesse, sb. darkness, S, PP; þyesternesse, S2; þiesternesse, S; þeosternesse, S.—AS. þéosternis.

Þestrien, v. to become dark, S.—AS. þystrian.

Þet, pron. that; see Þat, Þe.

Þeþen, adv. thence; þeþenn, S; þeden, S; thethyn, H.—Icel. þeðan, þaðan (Dan. deden).

Þeues, sb. pl. thieves, W2; see Þeof.

Þew, sb. habit, practice, virtue, S2; þeaw, S; þeawes, pl., manners, virtues, S; þæwess, S; þewes, PP, S2, C2, C3; thewis, W; thewys, H. Comb.: þeauful, moral, virtuous; þeaufule, pl., S.—AS. þéaw, habit.

Þewed, adj. mannered; thewde, S3. Phr.: wel þewed, S.

Þeyn, sb. service (?), S2.

Þeyn, sb. thane, warrior, attendant at a king’s court, S; þein, SkD, S; thane, S2, Sh.—AS. þegn (þén), Icel. þegn: OS. thegan, a youth, disciple, knight, warrior; cp. OHG. thegan (Otfrid).

Þi, pron. poss. thy, S; see Þou.

Þicke, adj. thick, S; þikke, S2, C2; thykke, Prompt.; thicke, adv., S; þikke, S, PP; þicce, S.—AS. þicce, adj. and adv.: OS. thikki.

Þicke, sb. thicket, S3.

Þider, adv. thither, S, PP, S2, C3; þuder, S, PP; þeder, S2; þedyr, S2, PP. Comb.: þider-ward, thitherward, S, S2; þuder-ward, S2.—AS. þider.

Þie, art. f. the, S; see Þe.

Þies, pron. dem. pl. these, S3; see Þes.

Þiesternesse, sb. darkness, S; see Þesternesse.

Þild, sb. patience, S.—AS. (ge)þyld: OS. gi-thuld. See Þolien.

Þildiliȝ, adv. patiently, S.

Þilk, adj. that, that very, that sort of, such, W; thylke, S3; thilke, C2, C3, W2, S; þulke, pl., S2, PP.—AS. þylc; cp. Icel. þvílíkr, such.

Þin, pron. poss. thy, thine, S; see Þou.

Þing, sb. thing, affair, property, S; pl., S, C3; þyng, PP; þinge, S, PP; þynge, S2; þinges, S, C2; þinkes, S; þenges, S; þynges, PP.—AS. þing.

Þiode, sb. people, S; see Þeode.

Þir, pron. dem. pl. those, these, S2, H, S3, JD, B; see Þer.

Þire, pron. poss. dat. f. thy, S; see Þou.

Þirlen, v. to pierce, C, S2, H; see Þurlen.

Þis, Þise, Þisse, &c.; see Þes.

Þistel, sb. thistle, Voc.; thystell, Voc.; thystylle, Voc., Prompt.; thrissil, S3. Comb.: thistle-finch, linnet, HD.—AS. þistel (Voc.): OHG. thistila (Tatian); cp. Icel. þistill.

Þit, put for þe it, who it, S; see Þe.

Þo, pron. dem. and def. art. pl. those, they, them, the, S, S2, C, PP, W2; þoo, S2, S3, W2, PP; þa, S, S2, H; þaa, S2; þeo, S; þe, S; þam, dat., S; þan, S, S2; þa, S.—AS. þá, dat. þǽm (þám). See Þe.

Þo, adv. then, when, S, S2, S3, C, C2, C3, PP; þoo, PP; þa, S.—AS. ðá.

Þo, art. acc. f. the, S; see Þe.

Þoght, sb. thought, anxiety, S2, C2; þohht, S; þogt, S; þouht, S, PP; thought, C2; þoȝte, dat., S; þuȝte, S; þohtes, pl., S; þoȝtes, S2. Der.: þoghtful, thoughtful; þoghtfulest, superl., S2.—AS. (ge)þóht. See Þenchen.

Þohte, pt. s. of Þenchen.

Þolemode, adj. patient, H, HD; tholemodely, adv., H.

Þolemodnes, sb. patience, H, HD, S2.

Þolien, v. to suffer, S, S2; þolyen S, S2; þolen, S, S2, H, PP, HD; þoland, pr. p., B; þolede, pt. s., S, S2, S3; þaleð, pr. s., S.—AS. þolian; cp. OHG. tholén (Tatian).

Þombe, sb. thumb, PP, C, C2; thome, HD.—AS. þúma (Voc.); cp. G. daumen; see Kluge.

Þonc, sb. thought, mind, S; see Þank.

Þondringe, sb. thundering, S2.

Þoner, sb. thunder, the god Thunor, S2, S; thonur, H; þunre, S; thonder, C, C2; þunder, S2. Comb.: þunres dæi, the day of Thunor, Thursday, S; þunder-þrast, stroke of thunder, S2.—AS. þunor, thunder, also Thunor, the thunder-god; cp. OHG. thonar (Tatian). Cf. Þorr.

Þoneren, v. to thunder, S2; thonord, H (Ps. 17. 15).—AS. þunrian.

Þonken, v. to thank, S, S2; see Þanken.

Þonwanges, sb. pl. the temples, HD.—Icel. þunn-vangi, the thin cheek (CV.).

Þong, sb. a slip of leather, S; see Þwong.

Þorn, sb. thorn, SD; thorne, Prompt. Comb.: thorne-garthis, hedges (= Lat. sepes), H (Ps. 88. 39).—AS. þorn.

Þorp, sb. a village, hamlet, farm, SkD; þrop, S, C2; thropes, gen., C3; thrope, dat., C2; þorpes, pl., PP; þropes, PP; þroupes, PP.—AS. þorp, Icel. þorp; cp. OHG. thorph (Tatian).

Þorr, sb. the god Thor, the god of thunder. Comb.: þors-day, Thor’s day, Thursday, PP; þorisdai, S.—Icel. þórr, þórsdagr.

Þoru, prep. through, S; þorw, S; þorȝ, S2; see Þurgh.

Þos, pron. dem. pl. these, S; see Þes.

Þou, pron. thou, SD; þu, S, PP; tu, S; þe, dat. and acc., S, S2, C2; þei, S2; te, S; þin, gen. and poss., S, S2; þi, S; tin, S; ti, S; þire, poss. dat. f., S; þina, S; tine, pl. dat., S. Comb.: þut (= þu + it), S; þeself, thyself, S; þesellf, S; þe-selue, S; þe-suluen, S; þe-seoluen, S.—AS. þú.

Thoue, v. to say ‘thou’; thowis, 2 pr. s., S3.

Þouht, sb. thought, S; see Þoght.

Thowe, sb. thaw, Prompt.

Thowen, v. to thaw, CM, Prompt.—AS. þáwan.

Þoȝ, conj. though, nevertheless, PP; þowȝ, PP; þowgh, PP; þouȝe, PP; þoh, SD; þohh, S; thocht, S3; thoucht, S3; thofe, HD; þof, S2, WA; of, WA; þauh, S, PP; þah, S, S2; þaȝ, S2; þaȝt, S2; þeh, S; þeih, S; þeiȝ, PP; þeyȝ, S2; þeigh, PP; þeiȝe, PP; þeȝ, S; þei, S2; þey, S2, G. Comb.: þah-hweðer, nevertheless, S; þeih-hweþere, S; þoþwæthere, S; þof-queþer, S2; þaȝles, nevertheless, S2; þahles yef, unless, S2.—AS. þéah (þéh): Goth. thauh.

Þoȝte, sb. dat. thought, S; see Þoght.

Þoȝte, pt. s. of Þenchen. See also Þynken.

Þra, adj. eager, B; see Þro.

Þral, sb. servant, slave, thrall, S, C2, C3; thrall, S3; þralle, dat., S; threllis, pl., B; þralles, S, PP. Comb.: eorðe-þrelles, slaves upon earth, S; þral-dom, slavery, S, PP, C3; thrildome, B; þral-hod, slavery, S; þral-shipe, slavery, S; þral-sipe, S; þrel-weorkes, thrall-works, S.—ONorth. þrǽl; Icel. þræll.

Þrallen, v. to put into bondage; thralled, pt. s., S2.

Þrasten, v. to oppress, afflict, S.—AS. (ge)þræstan, to twist, hurt, torment.

Þraw, sb. space of time, S2; see Þrowe.

Þreaten, v. to threaten, S; see Þreten.

Þred, ord. third, S2; see Þridde.

Threed, sb. thread, C, SkD; þred, S; þræd, S; threde, Prompt. Comb.: þredbare, threadbare, C, PP, SkD.—AS. þrǽd, a dental derivative from þráwan, to twist; cp. OHG. drát (G. draht), from drájan; see Kluge (s.v.), and Douse, p. 101. See Þrowen.

Þrelles, sb. pl. thralls, slaves, S; see Þral.

Þrengen, v. to press, SD; þrengde, pt. s., S. Causal of Þringen.

Þreo, num. three, S, S2, PP; þre, S, PP; þree, PP; þri, S; þrie, S. Comb.: þreohad, Trinity, S; þreottene, thirteen, S; þrettene, S2, PP; þrettyne, PP; thretend, thirteenth, S2; thritteind, S2; þretti, thirty, PP; þrette, S2; þritty, PP; þritti, S2; þrines, Trinity; þrunnesse, S; thresum, with three at a time, B.—AS. þréo.

Þrep, sb. controversy, contradiction, S2; threpe, JD.

Þrepen, v. to maintain a point obstinately in contradiction to another, to assert, C3, CM, JD; threape, HD.—AS. þréapian.

Þreschen, v. to thresh, beat, PP; thresshe, S, C; þrosshenn, pp., S; y-þorsse, S2.—AS. þerscan; see Douse, p. 112.

Þrescwolde, sb. threshold, PP; threschwolde, Prompt.; thresshewolde, P; threshfold, C2; threshfod, HD.—AS. þrescold, Icel. þreskoldr; cp. OHG. driscufli; see Douse, p. 110.

Þrestelcoc, sb. throstle, S2; see Þrustel.

Þrete, sb. threat, S.—AS. þréat, pressure.

Þreten, v. to menace, S2, Prompt., HD; þreaten, S.—AS. þréatian, to reprove.

Threting, sb. menace, C3; thretynges, pl., W.

Thretnen, v. to threaten, W2; thretenede, pt. s., W.

Þrette, num. thirty, S2; see Þreo.

Þrettene, num. thirteen, S2; see Þreo.

Þridde, ord. third, S, S2, PP; þrydde, S2, PP; þryd, S2; thrid, S3; þred, S2.—AS. þridda.

Þrië, num. three, S; see Þreo.

Þrië, adv. three times, S; þrien, S.—AS. þríwa.

Þriës, adv. thrice, S, S2; þriȝess, S; thryes, C2. The form is due to analogy; cp. AS. ánes, E. once.

Þrift, sb. prosperity, success in life, C3, PP; þruft, PP; þryft, fertilising power, S2.—Icel. þrift. See Þriuen.

Thrifty, adj. serviceable, cheap, S2, C2, C3.

Thrill, v. to pierce, H; see Þurlen.

Thrillage, sb. thraldom, B; see Þral.

Þrim-setel, sb. throne, SD. See Þrum.

Þringen, v. to press, S, HD; dringan, S; þrungen, pt. pl., PP; þrongen, S2, PP; i-þrunge, pp., S; thrungun, W; y-thrungin, S3.—AS. þringan, pt. þrang (pl. þrungon), pp. þrungen.

Þrinne, adv. three at a time, S.—Cp. Icel. þrinnr.

Þrinne, adv. therein, S, S2; see Þer-, prefix.

Þrist, sb. thirst, S, S2, PP; þurst, S, C2, PP. Comb.: þurstlew, thirsty, HD.—AS. þyrst (þirst), þurst.

Þrist, pt. pl. thrust, S; see Þrusten.

Þriste, adj. bold, S.—AS. þríste: OS. thrísti; cp. G. dreist.

Þristen, v. to thirst, W, S; thresten, S2; þursten, SD; thursted him, pt. s. impers., C2.—AS. þyrstan: OHG. thursten (Tatian).

Þriuen, v. to thrive, S, PP; þryue, PP; þroff, pt. s., PP; þriuen, pp., grown up, PP; þryuen, well grown, S2.—Icel. þrífa, to seize, þrífask, to thrive.

Þro, adj. eager, earnest, vehement, HD; þra, B; þraa, HD; þroo, sharp, HD; throw, adv., S3; þroliche, adv., vehemently, S2; þroly, quickly, resolutely, S2, HD, PP.—Icel. þrá-r, stubborn, also frequent.

Þrof, adv. thereof, S; see Þer-.

Þroh, sb. coffin; see Þruh.

Þrop, sb. a village, S, C2; see Þorp.

Þrosshen, pp. threshed, S; see Þreschen.

Þrote, sb. throat, S, PP.—AS. þrotu (Voc.); cp. OHG. drozza (whence G. drossel); related to Du. stroot; cp. It. strozza (Diez). See Kluge (s.v. drossel).

Þrowe, sb. a little while, course, time, moment, Prompt., PP, S2, C2, C3, HD; throw, HD; þroȝe, S; thrawe, S2; thraw, S2, B.—AS. þrág.

Þrowe, sb. suffering, aerumna, SD, Prompt.

Þrowen, v. to throw, S; þreu, pt. s., S; þrewe, threw himself, P; 2 pt. s., S; þrowe, PP; þrawen, pp., S2; þrowen, S2; y-throwe, C2.—AS. þráwan, to twist, to whirl, pt. þréow, pp. þráwen.

Þrowen, v. to suffer, S; þrowede, pt. s., S.—AS. þrowian; cp. OHG. thruoén (Tatian).

Þrowunge, sb. suffering, passion; þroweunge, dat., S; þrowenge, S; þroweinge, S.—AS. þrowung.

Þrublen, v. to press, crowd; þrublande, pr. p., S2.

Þruh, sb. coffin, S; throh, HD.—AS. þruh.

Þrum, sb. strength, a crowd, glory, SD; þrom, SD. Comb.: þrim-setel, thronus, SD; þrimsettles, pl., S.—AS. þrymm, þrymsetl.

Þrunnesse, sb. Trinity, S; see Þreo.

Þruppe, adv. thereupon, S; see Þer-.

Þrusche, sb. a thrush, S.—AS. þrysce.

Þrustel, sb. the song-thrush, S; þrostle, S. Comb.: þrustel-cock, thrustlecock, C2; þrestelcoc, S2.—AS. þrostle (Voc.).

Þrusten, v. to thrust, SD; threste, C; thristen, W; thruste, pt. s., W; þrist, S; þriste, pp., S.—Icel. þrýsta.

Þu, pron. thou, S; see Þou.

Þues, pron. dem. pl. these, S2; see Þes.

Þuften, sb. handmaid, S; þuhten, S.—A fem. deriv. of AS. (ge)þofta, a comrade, properly one who sits on the same rowing-bench; from þofta ‘transtra’ (Voc.); cp. Icel. þopta.

Þulke, adj. that, those, S2; see Þilke.

Þulli, adj. such, S, SD; þellich, SD; þellyche, S2.—AS. þullic, þyllic, also þuslic, þyslic, from þus; see Sievers, 349. See Þus.

Þuncheð, Þuncð; see Þynken.

Þunre, sb. thunder, S; see Þoner.

Þurfen, v. to need; þarf, pt.-pr. s., need, ei opus est, S; thare, H; thar, H; tharst, 2 pt.-pr. s., PP; þurt, pt. s., needed, S2, H, B. Comb.: thardestow, thou wouldst need, PP.—AS. þurfan, pt.-pr. þearf; pt. þorfte (þurfte), Icel. þurfa, pt.-pr. þarf; pt. þurfum; cp. OHG. thurfan, to need (Tatian).

Þurgh, prep. through, S2, C2; þurȝ, S2, W2; þureȝ, S; þurh, S; þurch, S; þuruh, S; þorȝ, S2; þoruȝ, S2, W2; þorw, S; þoru, S, S2; thorou, W; thurght, H; þurð S, S2; þurf, S2, HD; þoruȝlike, adv., thoroughly, S. Comb.: thurghfare, thoroughfare, C; þurhfaren, to pass through; thurghfare, S2; thurgh-girt, pierced through, C; thurchhurt, thoroughly hurt, S3; þurh-lefien, to live through; þurhlefede, pt. s., S; þurh-seon, to perceive; þurhsihð, pr. s., S; þuruh-ut, wholly, S; thurghout, C2; þuruhtut, throughout, S; þoru-out, S2.—AS. þurh; cp. OHG. thuruh (Tatian).

Þurl, sb. an aperture for admitting light, a hole, S; thurles, pl., HD.—AS. þyrel, hole, from þurh, through; so (with different suffix) Goth. thairko, hole, the eye of a needle, from thairh, through; see Kluge (s.v. durch). See Þurh.

Þurlen, v. to pierce, S, S2, PP; þirlen, C, S2, PP, H; thrill, H.—AS. þyrlian (þirlian).

Þurst, sb. thirst, S, C2; see Þrist.

Þus, adv. thus, S; tus, S (in Ormulum). Comb.: þusgate, in this way, PP; þusgates, HD, PP.—AS. þus, OS. thus.

Þuster, adj. dark, S; see Þester.

Þut, for Þu it, S; see Þou.

Þuvele, sb. pl. twigs, S.—AS. þýfel, ‘frutex’ (Voc.). See Þefe.

Þwang, sb. thong, S; see Þwong.

Þwert, adv. thwart, SD. Comb.: þwert-ut, throughout, S.—Icel. þvert, neuter of þverr, transverse; cp. AS. þweorh, Goth. thwairhs, angry, cross.

Þwong, sb. strip of leather, thong, S, S2, W; þwang S; þong S.—AS. þwang.

Þwytel, sb. a knife, whittle; thwitel, SkD; thewtill, S3. See below.

Þwyten, v. to cut, to whittle, Voc., Prompt., Palsg. Der.: thwytynge, cutting, whittling, PP.—AS. þwítan.

Þy, sb. thigh, Prompt.; þe, SkD, HD; þee, HD; þyȝ, S2; þih, SkD; þeiȝ, SkD.—AS. þéo, þéoh.

Þyester, adj. dark, S2; see Þester.

Þyesternesse, sb. darkness, S2; see Þesternesse.

Þyht, adj. close, compact, tight. Prompt.; thite, HD; tiȝt, SkD.—Cp. G. dicht, Icel. þéttr; see Kluge (s.v.).

Þyhtyn, v. to make tight, Prompt.; y-tiȝt, pp., S3.

Þynken, v. to seem; þynkeþ, pr. s. impers., PP; þuncð, S; þunchð, S; þincheð, S; þinkð, S; þingð, S2; þenkeð, PP; þuhte, pt. s., S; þuȝte, S; þoȝte, S2; thoughte, C3; þout, S2.—AS. þyncan, pt. þúhte, pp. (ge)púht. See Þenchen.

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Ti-Ty

Ti, pron. poss. thy, S; see Þou.

Tid, sb. time, season, hour, hora canonica, S, S2, S3; tide, S2; tyde, S2, C3, PP. Comb.: tideful, seasonable (= Lat. opportunus), H; tydfulnes, needfulness, H.—AS. tíd, time, hour; cp. Icel. tíð, time, ‘hora canonica.’

Tid, adv. quickly, PP; tyd, PP. See Tit.

Tiden, v. to happen, S; tyden, S2, C3; tid, pr. s., PP; tit, PP; tydde, pt. s., PP; tidde, S2.—AS. tídan.

Tidi, adj. seasonable, honest, respectable, S; tidy, PP; tydy, PP, Prompt.

Tidif, sb. the name of some very small bird, C2; tydy, a sort of singing bird, ND.

Tiding, sb. an event, tidings, S; tyding, C2, C3; tidinge, pl., S2; tydinge, S; tydinges, C2. See Tiðing.

Tiffen, v. to trick out, trim, adorn, SkD.—OF. tiffer, to trim, adorn.

Tiffung, sb. adornment, finery, S.

Til, prep. and conj. to, till, S, PP, S2, C3; tyl, S, PP; till, S, S3.—Icel. til.

Tilden, v. to set a trap, S; tildeþ, 2 pr. pl., set up, S3; see Telden.

Tilien, v. to till, cultivate, earn, gain, PP; tilen, S, PP; tylie, PP; tulien, PP; telie, PP; tolie, S; tylle, S2.—AS. tilian, to aim at, to till land; cp. OHG. zilón, to attempt (Tatian).

Tilier, sb. tiller, husbandman, W.

Tillen, v. to draw, entice, S, H, PP; see Tollen.

Tilðe, sb. labour, toil, tilth, S; tulthe, PP; telðe, PP.—AS. tilð. See Tilien.

Timen, v. to prosper, S.—Icel. tíma (reflex.), to happen.

Tin, pron. poss. thy, thine, S; see Þou.

Tinsel, sb. a stuff made partly of silk and partly of silver, S3, TG, SkD.—OF. estincelle, a spark, a flash (BH).

Tintreȝe, sb. torment; tintreow, S; tintreohe, S; tintreohen, pl., S.—AS. tintreg (Grein).

Tirannye, sb. tyranny, C2, C3; tirandye, HD.

Tiraunt, sb. tyrant, C2, PP; tyraunt, PP, W; tirant, S2; tyrauns, pl., oppressors, PP.—AF. and OF. tirant, tiranz; Lat. tyrannus; see Constans, Supplement, p. 57, and BH, § 72.

Tirauntrie, sb. tyranny, W2; tyrauntrye, HD.

Tis-dæi, sb. Tuesday, S; Tisdei, S.—AS. Tíwes-dæg, the day of Tiw, the English name of a Teutonic deity; cp. OHG. Zio, Icel. Týr; see Grimm, Teut. M., cap. ix, and Kluge (s.v. dienstag).

Tit, adv. quickly, PP; tyt, S2; tyte, PP, S2, H; tite, PP, S2, H; tiȝt, S2; tiȝtly, S2; titere, comp., H; titter, S2.—Icel. títt, neut. of tiðr. See Tid.

Tiðende, sb. pl. tidings, news, customs, S; tiðenden, S; tiðand, S2; tiðandes, S2.—Icel. tíðindi, pl., tidings, news; from tíða, to happen; cp. tíðska, a custom, tíðr, customary, frequent.

Tiðing, sb. tidings, news, S, S2; tyðyng, S, S2; tiðinge, pl., S; tiðinges, S2.—Cf. Tiding.

Titill, sb. an epistle, WA.

Titmose, sb. titmouse, S3, Manip.; tytemose, Prompt.; tytmase, Voc.—AS. máse, a word forming the second element of the names of many kinds of small birds, see SkD.

Titte, sb. a quick pull, S2.

Titte, v. to pull tightly, HD; tytted, HD.

Tixt, sb. text, PP; see Texte.

Tiȝen, v. to tie, PP, S2; teiȝen, S2; tey, B; te, B; teien, pr. pl., SkD; teyd, pp., C2; y-teyd, C.—AS. tígan (*tégan).

Tiȝt, adv. quickly, S2; see Tit.

To, prep. to, at, in, upon, for, with reference to, by, against, after, as, until, PP, S, S2; te, S, S2. Comb.: tabide, to abide, S; tacord, C3; taffraye, C2; tallege, C; talyghte, C2; tamenden, S2, C2; tanoyen, S2; tapese, S3; tariue, S; tarraye, C2; tassaile, C2; tassaye, C2; taswage, S3; tembrace, C2; tencombre, S3; tendure, S3; tenforme, S3; tenrage, S3; tespye, C2; texpounden, C2.

To, adv. too, S, PP; te, S.

To, num. two, S, S2; see Tuo.

To-, prefix (1). The prep. to in composition.

To-, prefix (2), in twain, asunder, to pieces.—AS. tó-; cp. OHG. zi- (Tatian), Lat. dis-.

To-belimpen, v. to belong to, S. (To- 1.)

To-bellen, v. to swell extremely; tobolle, pp., PP. (To- 2.)

To-beren, v. to part; tobar, pt. s., S. (To- 2.)

To-beten, v. to beat in pieces, C3. (To- 2.)

To-breden, v. to spread out; tobreddest, 2 pt. s., S2. (To- 2.)

To-breiden, v. to tear asunder, distorquere; tobreidynge, pr. p., W; debreidynge, W; tobraidide, pt. s., W. (To- 2.)

To-breken, v. to break in pieces, S, C3, W; to-brac, pt. s., PP; to-brak, G; to-brake, pt. s. subj., S; to-broken, pp., PP, G; to-broke, PP, S2, W. (To- 2.)

To-bresten, v. to burst asunder, C; to-bersteð, pr. s., S: to-barst, pt. s., S2, G; to-brast, W; to-brosten, pp., C. (To- 2.)

To-brisen, v. to break to pieces; tobrisid, pp., W. (To- 2.)

To-cleue, v. to cleave asunder, to fall to pieces, PP; to-cleef, pt. s., PP; to-clief, PP. (To- 2.)

To-comen, v. to come together; to-comen, pt. pl., PP. (To- 1.)

To-comyng, adj. future, W2. (To- 1.)

To-cweme, adv. agreeably, S. (To- 1.)

To-cyme, sb. advent, S. (To- 1.)

Tod, sb. a fox, JD, ND, HD, SkD; toddis, pl., S3. Comb.: Todman, Bardsley.—The word is common in Mid Yorkshire and Cumberland, see EDS (Ser. C).

Tod, sb. a bush, generally of ivy, HD; todde, SkD.

To-dasht, pt. s. dashed (herself) in pieces, S3. (To- 2.)

To-delen, v. to divide, S, S2; to-dælen, S; to-dealen, S. (To- 2.)

To-drawen, v. to draw asunder, S2, W; to-draȝen, S; to-drowe, pt. pl., PP; to-droȝe, S; to-drawun, pp., W; to-drahen, S. (To- 2.)

To-dreuen, v. to trouble; to-dreued, pp., S2, (To- 2.)

To-driuen, v. to drive asunder; to-dryue, PP; to-drif, imp. s., S. (To- 2.)

To-dunet, pp. struck with a sounding blow, S. (To- 2.)

To-fallen, v. to fall in pieces, SD. (To- 2.)

To-flight, sb. refuge, S2. (To- 1.)

To-foren, prep. and adv. before, SD; toforn, PP, S3; tofore, S, PP, S2; touore, S, S2; tofor, S, PP, S2, W. (To- 1.)

To-forrow, adv. previously, S3. (To- 1.)

Toft, sb. hillock, eminence, a slightly elevated and exposed site, PP, S2; campus, Prompt.—Cp. OSwed. tomt, a cleared space (Dan. tomt, a toft); from Icel. tómr, empty. See Tome.

To-gadere, adv. together, S, S2; tegædere S; togedere, S, PP; togedre, PP; togeddre, S; togidere, PP; togider, S, C2; togederes, PP, S; togideres, PP; togidres, PP, C3; togederis, PP; togeders, PP; togedders, S2. (To- 1.)

To-gan, v. to go asunder, SD; togað, pr. pl., S. (To- 2.)

To-genes, prep. towards, S; togeines, S; toȝeines, S; toȝenes, S. (To- 1.)

Toggen, v. to draw, allure, sport, S, Prompt.

To-grinden, v. to grind in pieces; togrynt, pr. s., PP. (To- 2.)

To-hewen, v. to hew in pieces, S, S2, C3. (To- 2.)

To-hope, sb. hope, S. (To- 1.)

To-hurren, v. to hurry apart, S. (To- 2.)

Tokker, sb. fuller, one who thickens cloth, S2, PP; towker, PP; toucher, PP; tucker, HD; touker, Bardsley; tuker, Bardsley. See Tuken.

Tokne, sb. token, PP; tocne, S; tacne, S; taken, PP, S2; takun, W; takens, pl., S2.—AS. tácn: Goth. taikns; cp. OHG. zeichan (Tatian).

Toknynge, sb. signification, PP; tocninge, S; toknyng, PP; takning, S2; takeninge, S2; tokening, C3.—AS. tácnung.

Tolie, v. to till, S; see Tilien.

To-liggen, v. to pertain to; tolið, pr. s., S. (To- 1.)

Tolke, sb. a man, S2; see Tulk.

Tolle, sb. toll, custom, Voc.; tol, PP, Prompt. Comb.: tol-bothe, toll-booth (= Lat. telonium), S2, W, Voc.—AS. toll: OFris. tolen, tolne; Lat. telonium (Vulg.); Gr. τελώνιον. Note that the n of the stem appears in AS. tolnere, ‘teloniarius,’ Voc.; see Weigand (s.v. zoll).

Tollen, v. to take toll, C. Der.: tollere, taxgatherer, usurer, S2, PP; toller, Voc.

Tollen, v. to draw, allure, entice, Prompt., PP, ND, SkD; tole, ND; tullen, CM, SD; tillen, S, H, PP.—AS. tyllan (in for-tyllan).

To-loggen, v. to drag hither and thither, S2, PP; to-lugged, pp., PP.

Tolter, adv. unsteadily, totteringly, S3, SkD (s.v. totter).

To-luken, v. to rend asunder, S; toloken, pp., S. (To- 2.)

Toly, sb. scarlet colour, WA; tuly, Prompt., HD; tuely, SkD (s.v. trap, 2).—Heb. tōlā’, crimson (Isaiah 1. 18), properly a worm.

Tombestere, sb. female dancer, C3; see Tumbestere.

Tome, adj. empty, void, unoccupied, H, HD; toom, Prompt.; tume, JD.—Icel. tómr, vacant, empty. Cf. Toft.

Tome, sb. leisure, S2, PP, H (p. 169); toym, B; tume, B; Icel. tóm, leisure. See above.

To-morwen, adv. to-morrow, S; tomorwe, PP; tomoreȝe, S; tomorn, C. (To- 1.)

To-name, sb. cognomen, PP; towname, PP. (To- 1.)

Tonge, sb. tongue, S2, C2, C3, PP; tunge, S, C, PP, W2; tounge, PP; tong, S3; tung, S2. Der.: tongede, tongued, talkative, PP.—AS. tunge.

Tonge, sb. pair of tongs, forceps, S, S2, Prompt.; tange, Voc.—AS. tange (Voc.).

Tonne, sb. tun, PP, S3, C2, G; tunne, S, PP. Comb.: tonne-greet, as large round as a tun, C.—AS. tunne.

Too, sb. toe, C; taa, S2, HD; toon, pl., C; ton, C; tas, S2; taes, S2.—AS. tá (pl. tán).

Tool, sb. tool, weapon, C, Prompt.; toles, pl., PP; tooles, PP.—AS. tól.

Toom, adj. empty; see Tome.

Toord, sb. stercus, W2, Prompt.

Topase, sb. topaz, Cotg.; topace, S3; tupace, SkD; topacius, W (Apoc. 21. 20); thopas, C2 (p. 151).—OF. topase; Lat. topazum (acc.); Gr. τόπαζος.

Toppe, sb. tuft of hair, P, S; top, top of the head, Prompt.

To-quassen, v. to shake asunder, PP; to-quashte, pt. s., PP. (To- 2.)

To-quaȝte, pt. s. quaked, PP. (To- 2.)

To-racen, v. to scrape to pieces, C2. (To- 2.)

To-renden, v. to rend in pieces, PP; torente, pt. s., C2, W; to-rent, pp., S, C2, W. (To- 2.)

Toret, sb. ring on a dog’s collar, through which the leash was passed, CM; torettz, pl., C; turrets, DG.—OF. touret, the chain which is at the end of the check of a bit, also the little ring whereby a hawk’s lune is fastened to the jesses (Cotg.).

Toret, sb. turret, G, C, Prompt.; touret, SkD.—OF. tourette (Cotg.).

To-reuen, v. to completely take away, PP. (To- 2.)

Torf, sb. turf, S2; turf, Voc.; turues, pl., S2.—AS. turf (Voc.).

Torfare, sb. hardship, misery, peril, WA.—Icel. torfœra.

To-rightes, adv. to rights, aright, G. (To- 1.)

To-riven, v. to rend in twain; to-rof (intrans.), pt. s., was riven in twain, S2.

Torment, sb. a tempest, torment, suffering, SkD, C3, Prompt.; tourment, SkD.—AF. torment, a tempest, turment (Roland), OF. torment, tourment, a tempest, torture (Bartsch), tormente, a tempest (Cotg.).

Tormenten, v. to torment, SkD.—OF. tormenter.

Tormentour, sb. executioner, C3, WW; tormentoures, pl., C3.—AF. tormenter, executioner.

Tormentynge, sb. torture, C2.

Tormentyse, sb. torture, C2.

Torne, sb. a turn, trick, wile, G.

Tornen, v. to turn, PP; see Tournen.

To-rof, pt. s. of To-riven.

Tortuous, adj. oblique (term in astrology), C3.—Lat. tortuosus, crooked.

To-samen, adv. together, S. (To- 1.)

To-schaken, v. to shake asunder, S. (To- 2.)

To-scheden, v. to part asunder; tosched, pp., S2. (To- 2.)

To-schellen, v. to shell, peel; toshullen, pp., PP. (To- 2.)

To-schreden, v. to cut to pieces, C. (To- 2.)

To-spreden, v. to scatter; to-sprad, pp., S2. (To- 2.)

To-swellen, v. to swell greatly; toswolle, pp., S, PP. (To- 2.)

To-swinken, v. to labour greatly, C3. (To- 2.)

To-tasen, v. to pull to pieces; to-tose, S. (To- 2.)

Toten, v. to peep, look about, PP, S3; tutand, pr. p., projecting, pushing out, S3; totede, pt. s., S3; y-toted, pp., S3. Comb.: tote-hylle, specula, Prompt.—AS. tótian; see SkD (s.v. tout).

To-teren, v. to tear to pieces, C3; toteoren, S; toteore, S; totorne, pp., PP; totorn, S; totore, C3. (To- 2.)

To-turn, sb. refuge, SD. (To- 1.)

To-twicchen, v. to pull apart; totwichet, pr. pl., S. (To- 2.)

Toun, sb. an enclosure, farm-stead, town, S2, C, W; toune, PP; tun, S, S2; toune, dat., S2, C2. Comb.: toune-men, men of the town, not rustics, PP; tun-scipe, the people of the farm-stead, S. Der.: townish, belonging to the town, S3.—AS. tún, enclosure, farm, town; cp. OHG. zún, hedge (Tatian).

Tour, sb. tower, S, S2, C2, PP, W2; tur, S; torres, pl., S2.—OF. tur, tor, tour: Lat. turrem.

Tournen, v. to turn, PP; turnen, S, S2, PP; tornen, S2, PP; teornen, S2; tirnen, S; y-tornd, pp., S2; i-turnd, S, S2.—AF. turner; Lat. tornare, from tornus, a lathe.

Tourneyment, sb. tournament, C2.—OF. tornoiement.

Towaille, sb. towel, C2; towayle, Prompt., Voc.; twaly, Prompt.; towelle, Voc.; towylle, Voc.—AF. towaille (tuaille), OF. touaile (Bartsch); Low Lat. toacula; of Teutonic origin, cp. OHG. duáhila, washing-cloth; from duahan, also thuahan, to wash (Tatian). See SkD, also Kluge (s.v. zwehle).

To-walten, v. to roll with violence; pt. pl., overflowed, S2. (To- 2.)

To-ward, prep. towards, against, S, PP; touward, S; towart, S. (To- 1.)

To-warde, adj. present, as a guard or protection, PP. (To- 1.)

To-wawe, v. to move about near, S2. (To- 1.)

Towker, sb. a fuller; see Tokker.

To-wringen, v. to distort; towrong, pt. s., S. (To- 2.)

To-wrye, v. to cause to go on one side, S3 (4. 164) (To- 2.)

Toȝeines, prep. towards, S; see To-genes.

To-ȝere, adv. this year, Cath. (To- 1.)

To-ȝesceoden, v. to separate, S. (To- 2.)

Trace, sb. track of a way over a field, trace, Prompt., C, SkD; tras, PP; trass, S2.

Tracen, v. to trace, to draw a picture, to trace one’s way, to conduct oneself, Prompt., CM, S3; trasen, S3.—OF. tracer (trasser); Late Lat. *tractiare, from Lat. tract-, base of pp. of trahere; see BH, § 131.

Trade, sb. a trodden path, S3, TG, SkD, HD. See Treden.

Tradicion, sb. surrender, S3.—Lat. traditionem. Cf. Tresoun.

Traitorye, sb. treachery, C3, CM.

Traitour, sb. traitor, S; traytour, S; treitur, S.—AF. traitur; Lat. traditorem.

Tram, sb. engine, machine, WA; trammys, pl., B.

Trappe, sb. the trappings of a horse, SkD; trappys, pl., SkD.

Trapped, adj. adorned with trappings, C, Prompt.

Trappings, sb. pl. ornaments, Sh.

Trappure, sb. trappings of a horse, Prompt.; trappures, pl., C.

Trauail, sb. work, labour, toil, trouble, S2, PP; trauaille, C2; trawayle, S2; trauell, S2; trauel, W, W2, H (Ps. 108. 10).—AF. travail, travaille; Late Lat. *trabaculum; from Lat. trabem, a beam; cp. It. traváglio, a frame for confining unruly horses. See Trave.

Trauaille, v. to work, toil, travel, trouble, vex, torment, PP; traueilen, W, S2; trauele, W, W2.—AF. travai(l)ler, to work, to vex. See above.

Trauailous, adj. laborious, W2.

Trave, sb. a frame in which farriers confine unruly horses, CM. See Trauail.

Trawed, pt. pl. trowed, expected, S2; see Trowen.

Tray, sb. vexation; see Treȝe.

Trays, sb. pl. traces, horse-harness, C; trayce, Prompt.; trayse, Cath.—OF. trays, horse-harness (Palsg.) for traits, pl., of traict a trace for horses (Cotg.); Lat. tractum, pp. of trahere.

Trayste, v. to trust, S2; traste, PP, S2.—Icel. treysta, from traust. See Trist.

Traystly, adv. confidently, H.

Traystnes, sb. confidence, H.

Traystynge, sb. confidence, H.

Traytyse, sb. treaty, truce, S3; see Tretis.

Tre, sb. tree, wood, lignum. Prompt., S2, PP, W, W2; treo, S, PP; treowe, dat., S; treuwe, pl., S; tren, S2; treen, S3; treon, S; trewes, S; trowes, PP. Comb.: tre tymus (lignum thyinum), W.—AS. tréow (tréo), dat. tréowe, pl. tréowu (tréo), see Sievers, 250; cp. Goth. triu.

Treatise, sb. a passage (lit. a treatise), S3; see Tretis.

Treatyce, sb. treaty, truce, S3; see Tretis.

Trechery, sb. treachery, trickery, S; see Tricherie.

Trechoure, sb. a cheat, HD.—OF. trichëor (Bartsch); Late Lat. tricatorem.

Trechurly, adv. treacherously, S3.

Tred, sb. a foot-mark. SkD (s.v. trade).

Treden, v. to tread, C, Prompt., PP; pt. pl., W, PP; tret, pr. s. CM; troden, PP; trade, H (Ps. 55. 2); troden, pp., C3; trodun, W2; treddede, pt. s. (weak), S3.—AS. tredan, pt. træd (pl. trǽdon), pp. treden.

Treget, sb. guile, trickery, CM.

Tregetrie, sb. a piece of trickery, CM.

Tregettowre, sb. a juggler, joculator, Prompt.; tregetour, Prompt. (n), CM, HD.

Tregettyn, v. to juggle, Prompt.—OF. tresgeter (Ducange); Lat. trans + iactare.

Treien, v. to betray, P; trayet, pp., HD.—OF. traïr; Late Lat. *tradīre for Lat. tradere.

Treilȝis, sb. trellis, S3; trelys, cancellus, Prompt.—OF. treillis, from treille, a vine, arbour (Bartsch); Late Lat. *tricla; Lat. trichila; see BH, § 98.

Tremlen, v. to tremble, stagger, PP; tremelyn, Prompt.; trimlen, HD; trymlen, S3; tremblen, W, PP; trimble, Manip.—Picard F. tremler (AF. trembler); Late Lat. tremulare.

Tremlynge, sb. trembling; tremelynge, Prompt.; trimlyng, S3; trymlinge, HD.

Trental, sb. a set of thirty masses for the dead, SkD, ND, PP; trentall, money paid for a trental, S3; a month’s mind, ND.—OF. trental, trentel; Church Lat. trigintalem (Ducange).

Treo, sb. tree, S; treon, pl., S; see Tre.

Treowe, adj. true, S; see Trewe.

Trepeget, sb. a military engine, HD, CM; trebget, Prompt.; trebgot, an instrument for catching birds, Prompt.

Tresor, sb. treasure, S, S2, C3; tresour, PP, S2, S3, C2; treosor, S; tresores, pl., PP; tresures, S.—AF. tresor; Lat. thesaurum.

Tresorere, sb. treasurer, PP; treserour, PP.—AF. tresorer.

Tresorie, sb. treasury, S2; tresory, WA.—AF. tresorye.

Tresoun, sb. treason, craft, C, PP; tresun, Prompt., S; treson, WA, C2, H; treison, PP; trayson, S.—AF. treson, traïson; Lat. traditionem.

Trespas, sb. trespass, PP; trespace, PP, C.

Trespassen, v. to trespass, PP, WW; trespace, C2; trespasside, pt. s., W (Acts 1. 25).—AF. trespasser, to cross over, to disobey.

Tretee, sb. treaty, C2, C3; trete, C.—OF. traite; Late Lat. tracta. See Tretis.

Tretis, adj. well made, pretty; tretys, CM, C; treitys, CM.—OF. tretis, treitis, traitis, nicely made (Bartsch); from traitier; Lat. tractare.

Tretis, sb. treatise, short poem, PP, C2, WA; treatise, S3. See below.

Tretis, sb. treaty, B, CM; tretys, S2, C2, C3; treatyce, S3; traytyse, S3.—AF. tretiz; Late Lat. *tracticium.

Trewage, sb. tribute, S, JD; truage, Voc., S2, WA; trouage, WA.—OF. treüage (truage), toll, tax, from treü, treüd, tribute; Lat. tribūtum; see Constans (s.v.).

Trewe, adj. true, S, PP, S2, C2; treowe, S; trywe, PP; triwe, S2; trew, S2, C2; tru, S2.—AS. tréowe: OS. triuwi.

Trewe, sb. fidelity, trust, agreement, truce, PP; treowe, SkD; treowes, pl., truce, SkD; trewes, PP; trewis, B; treuwes, PP; triwes, SkD; truwys, Prompt.; trewysse, Cath.

Trewehede, sb. truth, uprightness, S2.

Treweliche, adv. truly, PP, C2; trewely, C2.

Trewen, v. to think to be true, to trow, believe, S.—AS. tréowan. See Trowen.

Trewes, pl. trees, S; see Tre.

Trewes, sb. pl. truce; see Trewe.

Trewðe, sb. truth, troth, S, C2, PP; treuðe, S, S2, PP; trouthe, S2, C3; trouth, H; tryuðe, PP; trowwðe, S; trawðe, S2; treothes, pl., S; truthes, pledges, S2.—AS. tréowðu.

Trey, sb. a throw at dice, viz. three, SkD; treye, C3. Comb.: trey-ace, the throw of three and one; a quick exclamation, S3.—OF. trei, treis; Lat. trēs.

Treȝe, sb. affliction, grief, SD; treiȝe, S; treie, S; treye, S2; tray, vexation, B.—AS. trega; cp. Icel. tregi, Goth. trigo.

Treȝen, v. to afflict, SD.

Triacle, sb. a remedy, healing medicine, S2, PP, C3, NQ (6. 1. 308); tryacle, Voc., PP, NQ; treacle, TG, Prompt.; tryakill, S3.—OF. trïacle (Bartsch); Lat. theriaca, lit. an antidote against the bite of serpents; cp. Gr. θηριακὰ φάρμακα. For examples of the intrusive l see Cronicle.

Triblen, v. to trouble, H; see Trublen.

Tricherie, sb. treachery, trickery, S, PP, S2; trecherie, PP; trechery, S; treccherie, C.—AF. tricherie; from OF. tricher, trecher, to cheat; Late Lat. tricare for Lat. tricari.

Trick, adj. neat, elegant, ND; trig, JD.—For the voicing of the guttural in North.E. cp. prigmedainty (JD), with prickmedainty or prickmedenty (HD); see SkD (s.vv. prig, trigger).

Trien, v. to try, PP; triȝede, pp., S2, PP; i-triȝed, S2; itriȝet, S2; y-tried, PP; y-tryed, PP; tried, pp. as adj., choice, PP; trye, PP, C2; triedest, superl., S2, PP; trieste, PP; tryest, PP; triedliche, adv., excellently, PP; triȝely, PP, S2; trielich, P.—AF. trier; Late Lat. tritare, to thresh corn.

Triennels, sb. pl. masses said for three years, PP; triennales, P.—OF. triennal; Church Lat. triennale.

Trillen, v. to turn round and round, to trickle, CM, Prompt., C2, S3, Sh., SkD; tryll, Palsg.; tril, Manip.—Cp. Swed. trilla, to roll.

Trinal, adj. threefold, RD; trinall, Spenser, 1. Comb.: trinal triplicities, SkD.—Late Lat. trinalis.

Trine, adj. taken three at a time, ND. Comb.: trine aspect (in astrology), SkD, ND; tryne compas, the round world containing earth, sea, and heaven, C3—OF. trine; Lat. trinum.

Trinite, sb. Trinity, S2, PP; Trinitee, PP.—AF. Trinite, Trinitet; Church Lat. Trinitatem.

Trisen, v. to hoist up, to trice, to pull off, SkD; tryce, C2; trice, CM. Der.: tryyste, tryys, windlass, Prompt.—Cp. Dan. tridse, to haul up, to trice, Swed. trissa, a pulley. The final -se is the same as in E. clean-se.

Trist, sb. trust, a tryst, meeting-place, B, W, W2, PP, S2; station in hunting, HD; trust, PP.—Icel. traust. For E. ī = Icel. au, cp. ME. mire = Icel. maurr; see SkD (s.v. pismire).

Tristen, v. to trust, S2, C3, W, W2, PP; trysten, S2, PP; truste, S2; trosten, S3, S2, PP; truste, pt. s., S, S2. Der.: tristyng, a trust, W. See above.

Tristili, adv. confidently, W, W2.

Tristnen, v. to trust, W. Der.: tristenyng, a trust, W.

Triuials, sb. pl. studies connected with the trivium, the initiatory course taught in the schools, comprising grammar, rhetoric, and dialectic, S3; trivial, adj., initiatory, ND.—Schol. Lat. trivialem.

Troblen, v. to trouble, W; troubild, pp., WA; see Trublen.

Trod, sb. a trodden path, SkD (s.v. trade), HD. See Treden.

Troden, pp. of Treden.

Trofle, sb. a trifle, S3; see Trufle.

Trompe, sb. a trump, trumpet, C3; trumpe, C.—AF. trompe.

Trompe, v. to play the trumpet, PP; trumpe, W, Prompt.—AF. trumper.

Tronchoun, sb. a truncheon, broken piece of a spear-shaft. C; trunchone, Prompt.—OF. tronchon, tronçon.

Trone, sb. throne, S, PP, S3, C2, C3, W; trones, pl., S; one of the nine orders of angels, WA; tronen, S2.—OF. trone; Lat. thronum; from Gr. θρόνος.

Tronen, v. to enthrone, PP.—OF. troner.

Trost, subj. pr. s. trust, S2; see Tristen.

Trotevale, sb. a trifling thing, HD.

Trouble, adj. troubled, S2, C2.—AF. truble, pp. of trubler; see Trublen.

Trouthe, sb. truth, S.2, C3; see Trewthe.

Trowabile, adj. credible, H.

Trowen, v. to believe, S, S2, S3, C2, C3, H, PP; tru, S2; trawed, pt. pl., expected, S2.—Icel. trúa; Swed. tro. See Trewen.

Trowyng, sb. belief, S2.

Truage, sb. tribute, S2; see Trewage.

Trublen, v. to trouble, W; troblen, W; triblen, H.—AF. trubler; Late Lat. turbulare.

Trufle, sb. nonsense, absurd tale, trifle, PP, SkD; trofle, S3, SkD; trefele, PP; triful, PP; trifle, PP.—AF. trufle, trofle, mockery, OF. truffe, a jest, a flout, also a truffle (Cotg.); Lat. tubera, truffles; see SkD (s.v. truffle). For the intrusive l cf. Triacle.

Truflen, v. to beguile, SkD; trofle, SkD; trifelyn, Prompt.; treoflynge, pr. p., S2.—OF. truffler, truffer, to mock (Cotg.).

Trukenen, v. to fail, S.

Trukien, v. to fail, S.—AS. trucian, to fail, deceive.

Trusse, sb. a bundle, Manip., CM.

Trussen, v. to pack, to pack off, C, S2, PP, Manip.; turss, B.—OF. trusser, trosser, torser; Late Lat. *tortiare.

Truste, pt. s. trusted, S; see Tristen.

Tryce, v. to trice, to hoist up, C2; see Trisen.

Tryg, adj. trusty, secure, S3.—Icel. tryggr.

Trymlyt, pt. pl. trembled, S3; see Tremlen.

Tryst, adj. sad, S3. Der.: tristes, sadness, S3.—OF. trist; Lat. tristem; and OF. tristesse; Lat. tristitia.

Tua, num. two, S2; see Tuo.

Tuhen, pt. pl. of Ten.

Tuht, sb. discipline, S.—AS. tyht; cp. OHG. zuht (Otfrid). See Ten.

Tuhten, v. to draw, persuade, discipline, S; tihte, pt. s., S.—AS. tyhtan.

Tuin, num. two, S2; see Twinne.

Tuken, v. to pluck, vex, S; tuke up, succingere, Cath.; tukkyn up, Prompt.; y-touked, pp., tucked, fulled, PP.—AS. tucian (twiccan); cp. OHG. zukken (Otfrid).

Tuker, sb. a fuller; see Tokker.

Tulke, sb. a man, soldier, knight, WA, EETS (56); tolke, S2; tulk, WA, SkD (s.v. talk).—Icel. túlkr, interpreter; Lithuan. tulkas, interpreter; cp. Dan. tolk.

Tullen, v. to draw, entice, CM, SD; see Tollen.

Tumben, v. to leap, tumble, dance; tombede, pt. s., SD.—AS. tumbian (Mk. 6. 22); cp. OF. tumber, to fall.

Tumbestere, sb. a female dancer, HD; tombester, SD; tumbesteris, pl., SD, C3 (p. 151); tombesteres, C3.

Tumblen, v. to leap, dance, SD, SkD; to tumble, PP; tombly, PP; tumlyn, volutare, Prompt.

Tumbler, sb. a tumbler, a female dancer, Voc.; tumlare, volutator, Prompt.

Tun, sb. enclosure, farm-stead, town, S, S2; see Toun.

Tunen, v. to enclose, S; see Tynen.

Tunge, sb. tongue, S, C, W2; see Tonge.

Tunne, sb. tun, S; see Tonne.

Tuo, num. two, S2, C, PP; tua, S2; two, S; twa, S, S2; to, S, S2; towe, S3.—AS. twá (neut).

Tur, sb. tower, S; see Tour.

Turnen, v. to turn, S; see Tournen.

Turss, v. to pack; see Trussen.

Turues, sb. pl. pieces of turf, S2; see Torf.

Tus, for thus, S; see Þus.

Tutand, pr. p. projecting, pushing out, S2; see Toten.

Tute, sb. a horn, cornu, os, SD.—For Teutonic cognates see Weigand (s.v. zotte). See Tewelle.

Tute, v. ‘to tute in a horne,’ Manip.—Cf. Swed. tuta, to blow a horn.

Tutel, sb. beak, mouth (?), S.

Tutelen, v. to whisper, S.

Tuteler, sb. tittler, tattler, PP.

Tutlyng, sb. noise of a horn, B. See Tute.

Tutour, sb. guardian, warden, keeper, P, WW, TG.—OF. tuteur; Lat. tutorem.

Twa, num. two, S, S2; see Tuo.

Tweamen, v. to separate, S.—AS. (ge)twǽman.

Tweire, num. gen. of twain, S.—AS. twegra (gen.).

Twelf, num. twelve, S, C2; tuelf, S2; tuelue, S2. Comb.: twelfmoneth, twelvemonth, PP; tuelmonth, S2.—AS. twelf: Goth. twalif.

Twengen, v. to press tightly, tweak, S; tuengde, pt. s., S2.—Cf. Twingen.

Twestis, pl. twigs, S3; see Twyste.

Tweye, num. twain, PP, C, C2; tweie, S; tueie, S; twey, S3, PP; twei, PP. Comb.: twey-fold, twofold, C3.—AS. twega (gen.). See Tuo.

Tweye, adv. twice, PP; twye, HD; twie, S.—AS. twíwa.

Tweyne, num. twain, G, PP; tueyne, S2; twene, S; tweien, S; tweȝȝenn, S.—AS. twegen.

Twi- (prefix). Comb.: twi-bil, an axe, bipennis, Voc., Prompt., H; twi-feald, twofold, SD; twye-lyghte, twilight, Prompt.; twi-ræd, of diverse opinion, SD.

Twichand, pres. pt. touching, regarding, S3 (13. 271).

Twie, adv. twice, S; see Tweye.

Twikken, v. to twitch, snatch, pull slightly but quickly, Prompt.; twychyn, Prompt.; twyghte, pt. s., CM; twight, pp., CM.

Twine, sb. doubled thread; twines, gen., S.—AS. twín.

Twinen, v. to twist, S; twined, pp., S; twyned, PP.

Twingen, v. to pain, afflict, SkD; twungen, pp., SkD.—Cp. G. zwingen.

Twinging, sb. affliction, S2.

Twinken, v. to wink, Prompt., G.

Twinklen, v. to twinkle, Prompt.

Twinne, num. two apiece, two at a time, S; twynne, S2; tuin, S2.—Icel. tvinnr.

Twinnen, v. to separate, C2; twynnen, S2, S3, H; twyne, S3; twyn, S2, H; tuyn, H; twynned, pt. pl., PP, S3.

Twyes, adv. twice, S2, C2, C3, PP.—Formed with suffix -es on AS. twíwa. See Tweye.

Twyste, sb. bough, Cath., S3; twist, B, S2, C2, CM; twest, S3.—Cp. ODu. twist.

Twyste, v. to strip the boughs, defrondare, Cath.

Twyster (of trees), sb. a stripper of boughs, defrondator, Cath.

Tycement, sb. enticement, HD.

Tycen, v. to entice, instigate, provoke, Prompt., Manip., S; tisen, PP; tyse, HD (s.v. tise). See Atisen.

Tykel, adj. unsteady, uncertain, CM.

Tyle, sb. tile, Prompt.; tyil, Prompt.; tyyl, S2. Comb.: tyle-stone, tile, brick, Prompt.; tiyl-stoon (= Lat. testa), W2.—AS. tigele; Lat. tegula.

Tymber, sb. timber, wood for building, Voc., PP; tymbre, PP.—AS. timber.

Tymbre, v. to frame, build, PP; timbrin, S, S2.—AS. timbrian: Goth. timrjan; cp. OHG. zimbrón (Tatian).

Tymbre, sb. the crest of a helmet, also a helmet, WA; timber, Cotg.; tymbrys, pl., B.—OF. timbre (Cotg.); Lat. tympanum; Gr. τύμπανον; cp. SkD (s.v. timbrel).

Tyme, sb. time, due season, S, C2, C3, PP; tyme, pl., C2; tymes, C2. Comb.: tymeful, seasonable, early, W; timliche, quickly, S.—AS. tíma; cp. Icel. tími.

Tymen, v. to betide, S2.—AS. (ge)tímian.

Tynd, sb. the tine or prong of a deer’s horn, the spike of a harrow, JD, SkD; tyndis, S3.—AS. tind (Voc.); cp. Icel. tindr.

Tyne, adj. tiny, WA.

Tyne, sb. prickle, Prompt.

Tyne, v. to lose, S2, PP, H; tine, S2, H; tynt, pp., S2, PP, H. Der.: tynsil, loss, ruin, H; tinsill, H.—Icel. týna, to lose, to destroy, týnask, to perish, from tjón, loss, damage.

Tynen, v. to enclose, S2; tinen, S; tunen, S.—AS. týnan, from tún. See Toun.

Tynken, v. to ring, tinkle, W.

Tynkere, sb. tinker, PP.

Tynsale, sb. loss, harm, B. See Tyne.

Tyred, pp. attired, dressed, S2; see Atyren.

Tysane, sb. a drink, Prompt.—OF. tisane, barley-water; Lat. ptisana, pearl-barley, also barley-water; Gr. πτισάνη.

Tysyk, sb. consumption, S2, Prompt.; tysike, Cath.—OF. tisique (Bartsch); Lat. phthisica, consumptive disease; from Gr. φθίσις decay; cp. It. tisica.

Tyyl, sb. tile, S2; see Tyle.

Spotted a typo or a problem in this chapter? Tell us

U, V (vowel)

Uggen, v. to dread, to shudder at, HD; ug, H; huge, H; uggis, pr. s., H; uggid, pt. s., H.—Icel. ugga.

Uggynge, sb. shuddering, horror, H.

Ugly, adv. dreadful, horrible, H, SkD; uglike, SkD.—Icel. uggligr.

Ugsom, adj. frightful, SkD (s.v. ugly).

Uhte, sb. the part of the night before daybreak; uȝten, dat., S, SD.—AS. úhte: OS. uhta: Goth. uhtwo; cp. OHG. uohta, Icel. ótta, see Weigand (s.v. ucht), and Fick, 7. 9.

Uhten-tid, sb. early morning-time, SD.

Uht-song, sb. morning-chant, matins, SD.—AS. uht-sang.

Ulke, adj. the same, S; see Ilke.

Umbe, prep. about, around, WA, S; ummbenn, S; embe, S.—AS. ymbe (embe): OHG. umbi (Otfrid), OS. umbi.

Vmbe-cast, v. to cast about, consider, ponder, B; umbekestez, pr. s., S2.

Umbe-grouen, pp. grown all round, S2.

Umbelappe, v. to surround, WA. See Umlap.

Vmbe-set, v. to beset, B; umbeset, pt. s., B; vmset, S2; umbeset, pp., B; umsett, H, HD; vmset, S2.—AS. ymb-sittan.

Vmbe-stount, adv. sometimes, B; umstunt, H.—AS. ymbe + stund.

Umbe-þenken, v. to bethink, meditate, S; umthink, H; vmbethinkis ȝow, imp. pl. refl., B; umbithoghte, pt. s., HD; vmbethoucht, B.—AS. ymb-þencan.

Umbe-weround, pp. environed, B.

Umbe-while, adv. sometime, at times, S; umwhile, H, HD; umwile, S; vm-quhile, B; umquile, WA.

Um-ga, v. to go about, H.

Um-gang, sb. circuit, S2, H.—AS. ymb-gang.

Um-gifen, v. to surround, H; vmgaf, pt. pl., S2, H.

Um-gripen, v. to surround; vm-griped, pt. pl., S2.

Um-hilen, v. to cover up; umhild, pt. s., H.

Um-lap, v. to wrap around, comprehendere, to embrace, WA, S2; umlappe, H, HD; vmlapped, pp., S2. See Umbelappe.

Um-louke, v. to lock in, H.

Um-sege, v. to besiege, H.

Um-set, pp. beset all round, S2; see Vmbe-set.

Um-shadow, v. to shadow round, protect, H.

Um-stride, v. to bestride, S2; umstrode, pt. s., HD.

Um-writhen, v. to wind round, H; umwrithyn, pp., H.

Um-ȝede, pt. s. went about, H.

Un-, prefix (1), has a negative force and is used before substantives, adjectives, and past participles; on-, B.—Goth. un-; cp. Gr. ἀν-.

Un-, prefix (2), expresses the reversal of an action, and is used before verbs; on-, S3.—Goth. and-; cp. Gr. ἀντι-.

Un-, prefix (3), until.—OS. und-. Cf. Oth.

Un-aneomned, pp. unnamed, innumerable, S. Cf. A-nemnen.

The word Anemnen does not occur in the Dictionary. The simple form is Nemnen.

Un-auanced, pp. unpromoted, S2.

Un-bermed, pp. unleavened; unberrmedd, S.

Un-bicumlich, adj. unbecoming, S; unbicomelich, S.

Un-biheue, adj. unprofitable; unbihefre, comp., S.

Un-bileue, sb. unbelief, W.

Un-bileueful, adj. unbelieving, W; unbileful, S.

Un-binden, v. to unbind, S2; unbind, pr. s., S; unbint, S; unbond, pt. s., S; unbounden, pl., S; pp., C2.—Cp. OHG. in-bintan (Otfrid). (Un- 2.)

Un-bischoped, pp. unconfirmed; unbishped, S.

Un-bisorȝeliche, adv. piteously, S.

Un-bliðe, adj. joyless; unblyþe, S2.

Un-boht, pp. unatoned for, S; unbouht, S.

Un-bokelen, v. to unbuckle, C2, C3. (Un- 2.)

Un-brosten, pp. unburst, S2.

Un-buhsum, adj. disobedient, S; vnboxome, P.

Un-buxsumnes, sb. disobedience, H.

Unce, sb. ounce, SkD, C; ounces, pl., C2.—OF. unce; Lat. uncia. Cf. Inche.

Un-chargid, pp. unladen, W. (Un- 2.)

Un-cofre, v. to take out of a coffer, S3. (Un- 2.)

Un-conabil, adj. unsuitable; unkonnabil, H; vncunable, H.—Cp. OF. covenable (BH. 153. 43).

Un-conabilly, adv. unsuitably, H.

Un-conabilnes, sb. misbehaviour, H.

Un-conabiltes, sb. pl. incongruities, H.

Vn-conand, adj. ignorant, HD, H; vnkunand, H.

Vn-conandly, adv. ignorantly, H.

Un-corrupcioun, sb. incorruption, W.

Uncuð, adj. strange, unknown, S2; see Un-kouth.

Un-cweme, adj. displeasing, SD: unncweme, S. See Un-yqueme.

Undampned, pp. uncondemned, W.

Un-deedli, adj. immortal, W; vndedly, H.

Un-deedlynesse, sb. immortality, W; undedlynes, WA.

Un-defoulid, pp. undefiled (= impollutus, immaculatus), W, WA.

Un-dep, adj. not deep, S.

Under, prep., adv. during, between, under, underneath, S; onder, SD; undur, W; undir, B. Phr.: vnder þan, during these things, interea, meanwhile, S.—AS. under: Goth. undar; cp. OHG. untar.

Under, sb. afternoon, CM; see Undern.

Under, v. to subject, S2.

Under-crien, v. to cry out; undurcrieden, pt. pl. (= succlamabant), W.

Under-fangen, v. to receive, S; underfonge, S; onderuonge, S2; underuongen, S; onderfang, imp. s., S; undurfong, pt. s., S2; underueng, S2; underfangen, pp., S; underuonge, S; underfongen, P; undurfongun, W.

Under-fon, v. to receive, S; underfo, S; under-uon, S; underfon, pp., S.—AS. under-fón.

Under-giten, v. to perceive, understand; underȝiten, SD; underȝeite, S; undergæton, pt. pl., S.—AS. under-gitan.

Under-leggen, v. to subject; under-laide, 2 pt. s., S2.

Under-ling, sb. a subject, inferior, S, PP.

Under-lout, adj. subject, H.

Under-master, sb. usher; undurmaistir (= paedagogus), W.

Under-mel, sb. the afternoon-meal, SD, CM. See Undern.

Undern, sb. the time between, the time between sunrise and noon, between noon and sunset, a mealtime, S2, C, C2, CM, Voc.; undorne, WA; vndren, S, HD, SD; under, S2; undur, HD; aunder, HD.—AS. undern, OS. undorn, Icel. undorn; cp. OHG. untorn (G. untern).

Undern-time, sb. SD; undrentime, S; undirtime, SD.

Under-nymen, v. to receive, perceive, reprove, PP; undirnyme, W2; undernimen, S; underneme, reprehendo, Prompt.; undernom, pt. s., C3; undernumen, pp., S; undirnommen, W; undernome, PP.

Under-picchen, v. to fix underneath; underpyghte, pt. s., C3.

Under-preost, sb. under-priest; unnderr-preost, S.

Under-sette, v. to place beneath, support, prop up; undursette, W2.

Under-standen, v. to understand, S; onderstanden, S2; understonden, S, S2; undyrstonde, S2; understant, pr. s., S; understont, S; undyrstode, pt. s., S2 understoden, pt. pl., S; undurstoden, stood under, W2; understande, pp., S; understonde, S2; onderstonde, S2.

Under-stondingnesse, sb. faculty of understanding, S.

Under-take, v. to undertake, agree, SD; undertoc, pt. s., S2; undertok, S.

Under-þeod, sb. subject, S; underþeoden, pl., S; underþiede, S.—AS. under-þéod.

Under-uon, v. to receive, S; see Under-fon.

Under-ȝeite, v. to learn, discover, S; see Under-giten.

Un-digne, adj. unworthy, C2.—OF. undigne.

Un-discreet, adj. undiscerning, C2.—OF. undiscret.

Un-don, v. to undo, open, disclose, SD, W; undo, WA; undede, pt. s., S2; undude, S, PP; undone, pp., S.—AS. un-dón. (Un- 2.)

Undon, v. to undo, destroy, PP.

Undoubtabili, adv. without doubt, S3.

Un-dreh, adj. impatient, out of patience, S2.

Un-duhtiȝ, adj. unworthy; unduhti, S.

Un-eað, adj. uneasy; uneaðe, S.

Un-eaðe, adv. scarcely, S; unneðe, S, S2, C2, C3, W; onneaþe, S2; oneþe, S3; uneth, S3, P, WA; unneth, S3.

Un-eðes, adv. scarcely, WA, S; unnethes, S2, C2, W, H; vnneths, H; vnees, PP.

Un-faȝen, adj. displeased; unfeyn, S2.

Un-fest, adj. unstable, S2.

Un-festlich, adj. unfestive, C2.

Un-fete, adj. ill-made, bad, S2. (Un- 1.)

Un-filabil, adj. insatiable, H. (Un- 1.)

Un-filed, pp. undefiled, S2.

Un-flichand, pp. unflinching, H. (Un- 1.)

Un-forȝolden, pp. unrequited, S; unvorgulde, S.

Un-freme, sb. disadvantage, S.—AS. unnfremu.

Un-fruytouse, adj. unfruitful, W.

Un-gert, pp. ungirt, G.

Un-glad, adj. unhappy, S2.

Un-happe, sb. ill-luck, WA.

Un-happy, adj. unlucky, S2.

Un-hardy, adj. not bold, PP.

Un-hele, sb. sickness, S; misfortune, CM.

Un-heled, pp. uncovered, WA, PP.—AS. helian: OHG. haljan. (Un- 2).

Un-helðe, sb. sickness, S; unhalðe, S.

Un-hersumnesse, sb. disobedience, S.—AS. unhýrsumnis.

Un-hillen, v. to disclose, S; unhilen, S2, W; onhillin, Prompt.; unhulien, SD, MD; unhiled, pp., CM, G, SD, PP; unhuled, S2.—Cp. Goth. huljan, OHG. huljan, hullan. (Un- 2.)

Un-hol, adj. sick, S.—AS. un-hál.

Un-hold, adj. ungracious, S.

Un-ifoȝ, adj. innumerable; unnifoȝe, pl., S.—AS. un-gefóg.

Un-imeað, sb. want of moderation, S (8 b. 12).

Un-imet, adj. immense, immeasurable, S; onimete, S.—AS. un-gemet.

Un-imete, adv. immensely, S.—AS. ungemete.

Un-imeteliche, adv. infinitely, S.—AS. ungemetlice.

Un-iredlice, adv. sharply, roughly, S; unrideli, S.—AS. un-gerýdelice.

Un-isalðe, sb. unhappiness, S.—AS. un-gesǽlð.

Un-iseli, adj. unhappy, S.—AS. un-gesǽlig.

Un-itald, pp. unnumbered, S.—AS. un-geteald.

Universite, sb. universe, world, W.—OF. universite; Lat. universitatem (Vulg.).

Un-iwasse, pp. unwashen, S.

Unk, pron. dual. us both, S; unker, of us both, S.—AS. unc, dat. and acc., uncer, gen.: Goth. ugk, acc., ugkis, dat., ugkara, gen.

Un-kempt, pp. uncombed, rough, S3.

Un-keuelen, v. to ungag, S. (Un- 2.)

Un-kouth, adj. unknown, strange, PP; unkuð, S; uncuð, S2; uncouthe, pl., S2, C2; uncuðe, S; uncoðe, S.—AS. un-cúð.

Vn-kunnyng, sb. ignorance, W; vnkunnyngis, pl., W2.

Vn-kunnynge, adj. unskilful, ignorant, S2, W, W2; unkonnyng, C; vnkonnynge, PP.

Un-kunnyngenesse, sb. ignorance, W.

Un-kynde, adj. unnatural, unkind, C2, PP; uncunde, SD.

Un-kyndenesse, sb. unkindness, C3, PP.

Un-kyth, v. to hide, S2. (Un- 2).

Un-lace, v. to unbind, W. (Un- 2.)

Un-lappe, v. to unfold; onlappyt, pt. s., S3. (Un- 2.)

Un-lede, adj. miserable, wretched, S, SD.—AS. un-lǽd: Goth. un-léds.

Un-leueful, adj. not permissible, W; onleefful, illicitus, Prompt.

Un-leuesum, adj. not permissible; onlesum, S3.

Un-liche, adj. unlike, S.

Un-louken, v. to unlock, PP; vnloke, pp., G. (Un- 2.)

Un-lust, sb. lack of pleasure, displeasure, SD.

Un-lusti, adj. unlusty, idle, SD; onlosti, S2.

Un-lykynge, adj. unfit, improper, scandalous, PP.

Un-mayte, adj. unmeet, H. Phr.: in unmayte, unfittingly, H.

Un-meoð, sb. want of moderation, S; unmeð, S (8 a. 10). See Meth.

Un-meuable, adj. immovable, W.

Un-moebles, sb. pl. immovable property, PP.—Cp. OF. muebles (BH); pl. of mueble; Late Lat. mŏbilem.

Un-mylde, adj. cruel, W; unmyld, H.

Un-nait, adj. useless, S2, H.

Unnen, v. to grant, S; hunne, S; an, 1 pr. s., S; on, pr. s., S; i-unne, pp., S.—AS. unnan, 1 and 3 pr. s. ann, opt. unne, pt. úðe, pp. ge-unnen. Cp. Icel. unna, OS. gi-unnan, OHG. gi-unnan, pt. onda (Otfrid), G. gönnen.

Unneðe, adv. scarcely, S, S2, C2, C3, W; unneth, S3; see Un-eaðe.

Unnethes, adv. scarcely, S2, C2, W, H; vnneths, H; see Un-eðes.

Un-nit, adj. useless, S; unnet, S; unnut, S.—AS. un-nytt.

Un-noble, adj. ignoble, W2.

Un-noblei, sb. ignobleness, W.

Un-noyandnes, sb. harmlessness, H.

Un-obedience, sb. disobedience, W.

Un-onest, adj. dishonourable, W.

Un-orne, adj. old, worn out, S; unorn, S; unourne, HD.—AS. un-orne (Grein).

Un-perfit, adj. imperfect, W2; unparfit, PP.

Un-pesible, adj. unquiet, W.

Un-pined, pp. untouched by pain, S.

Un-pitè, sb. want of feeling, W, W2.

Un-profit, sb. unprofitableness, W.

Un-quaynt, adj. imprudent, unwise, H.

Un-rede, sb. bad counsel, folly, mischief, S.—AS. un-rǽd.

Un-redi, adj. not prepared, W; unredy, improvident, PP.

Un-repreuable, adj. not to be reproved, W.

Un-rest, sb. restlessness, S3; vnreste, dat., C2.

Un-resty, adj. restless, H; unristy, H.

Un-ride, adj. harsh, cruel, WA, HD, SD.—AS. un-(ge)ryde (Luke, 3. 5).

Un-rideli, adv. sharply, vehemently, roughly, S; unridly, fiercely, WA; see Uniredlice.

Un-riȝt, adj. sb. injustice, wrong, S2; unryht, S; vnright, PP, S2; unriht, S.—AS. un-riht.

Un-riȝtfulnesse, sb. unrighteousness, unlawfulness, W2; unrihtfulnesse, S.

Un-riȝtwisnesse, sb. unrighteousness, W.

Un-sad, adj. unsteady, C2.

Un-sadnesse, sb. instability, W.

Un-saht, adj. unreconciled, discontented, S2.

Un-schape, pp. unshapen, outlandish, S2.

Un-schutten, v. to open, SD; unschette, pt. s., SD; onschet, S3; vnshette, pp., S3. (Un- 2.)

Un-scilwis, adj. unwise, H.

Un-scilwisly, adv. unwisely, H.

Un-sehelich, adj. invisible, S.

Un-seill, sb. misfortune, B.—AS. unsǽl.

Un-sele, adj. unhappy, S, S2.

Un-selð, sb. unhappiness; unselðe, S; unnsellðe, S; unnseolðe, S.—AS. un-sǽlð.

Un-sely, adj. unhappy, C2; vnceli, W.

Un-sete, sb. unsettledness, S2.

Un-skaþeful, adj. harmless; unnskaþefull, S.

Un-skaþiȝnesse, sb. harmlessness, S.

Un-skilful, adj. unreasonable, outrageous, unprofitable, PP; unschilful, S2.

Un-slekked, pp. unslacked, C3.

Un-soote, adj. unsweet, bitter, S3.

Un-sounded, pp. unhealed, S3.

Un-souerable, adj. insufferable, S3.

Un-sowen, v. to slit open what has been sewn, PP; unsouwen, PP. (Un- 2.)

Un-spedful, adj. unsuccessful, H; onschet, S3.

Un-sperren, v. to unfasten, unbar, PP. (Un- 2.)

Un-spurne, v. to kick open, S. (Un- 2.)

Un-staðeluest, adj. without a firm foundation, S.

Un-stedefast, adj. not firm in one’s place, unsteady, S, PP; unstudeueste, S.—AS. unstedefæst.

Un-stirabil, adj. immovable, H.

Un-strong, adj. feeble, S.—AS. un-strang.

Un-suget, pp. not subject, W.

Un-tellendlic, adj. indescribable, S.

Un-þanc, sb. dislike; unþonkes, gen., S. Phr.: hares unþances, against their will, S.—AS. un-þanc.

Un-thende, small, out of season, PP, HD. Cf. Theen.

Un-thewe, sb. immorality, S; un-þeu, S; unþewe, dat., S; unþewes, pl., S2.—AS. un-þéaw.

Un-tholemodnes, sb. impatience, H.

Un-þrift, sb. unprofitableness; unþryfte, S2.

Un-thryftyly, adv. unprofitably, improperly, S2, C3.

Un-tiffed, pp. unadorned, S.

Until, conj., prep. until, unto, S2, PP, SkD; ontill, B. (Un- 3.)

Un-tiled, pp. untilled, PP; untuled, S2.

Un-to, prep. unto, SkD.—OS. untó for undt + ó; cp. OS. unte, until, Goth. unte, for, OHG. unz (Tatian). (Un- 3.)

Un-todealet, pp. undivided, S. (Un- 1.)

Un-toheliche, adv. unrestrainedly, S.

Un-tohen, pp. undisciplined, S; untowun, SkD (p. 695), untohe, S.—Cf. AS. téon. See Ten.

Un-trewe, adj. untrue, not straight, S, PP, C2.—AS. un-tréowe.

Un-trewnesse, sb. untruth, S.

Un-trewthe, sb. untruth, C3.

Un-trist, sb. disbelief, W.

Un-vysible, adj. invisible, W.

Un-war, adj. unexpected, unexpecting, SD, S2, C2, C3.

Un-ware, adv. unwarily, S2.

Un-warly, adv. at unawares, S3.

Un-way, sb. wrong path, H.

Un-weawed, pp. unveiled, S.—Cp. AS. wǽfels, a covering, veil.

Un-welde, adj. impotent, weak, SD, S; vnweldy, S3, C3.

Un-wemmed, pp. unstained, unspotted, S, S2, C3, W2; unwemmyd, W, H; unwemmet, S; unweommet, S.—AS. un(ge)wemmed.

Un-werȝed, pp. unwearied; unwerget, S.—AS. un(ge)wériged.

Un-wiht, sb. monster, an uncanny creature, evil spirit, S; unwiȝt, S; adj., S; unwiȝtes, pl., S.

Un-wille, sb. unwillingness, displeasure, S. Phr.: hire unwilles, against her will, S.—AS. un-willa.

Un-willich, adj. unwilling, S.

Un-wine, sb. enemy, S; unwines, pl., S.

Un-wis, adj. unwise, S2.—AS. un-wís.

Un-wisdom, sb. folly, W.

Un-wist, pp. unknown, C.

Un-wit, sb. want of wit, C3, H.

Un-witti, adj. unwise, W.

Un-wityng, pr. p. unknowing, C3.

Un-wityng, sb. ignorance, W.

Un-wiȝt, adj. uncanny, S. See Un-wiht.

Un-worschip, v. to dishonour, W.

Un-wrappen, v. to disclose, C2. (Un- 2.)

Un-wrast, adj. infirm, weak, base, bad, S, PP; unwreast, S; unwraste, pl., S; unwreste, dat. s., S.—AS. un-wrǽst.

Un-wrenc, sb. evil design; unwrenche, dat., S.—AS. unwrenc.

Un-wréon, v. to discover, to reveal, SD; unwreo, S; unwroȝen, S; unwroȝe, S.—AS. un-wréon. (Un- 2.)

Un-wrien, v. to uncover, SD; pp., S.—From AS. wríhan. (Un- 2.)

Un-wunne, sb. sadness, S, SD; unwinne, S; unwenne, S.

Un-wurð, adj. unworthy, S; unwurðe, pl., S; unwurðere, comp., S; unwurðeste, superl., S.—AS. un-wurð.

Un-wurði, adj. unworthy, S, SD; onwurþi, Prompt.

Un-wurðlich, adj. unworthy, base; unworþelych, S2; unwurðliche, adv., S.—AS. un-wurðlic, -lice.

Un-yliche, adj. unlike, S; unilich, S.—AS. un-gelíc.

Un-yqueme, adj. displeasing, S. See Un-cweme, Icweme.

Up, adv. and prep. up, S2, S3, G; op, S, S2. Phr.: up so doun, upside down, C, C3, W, PP; up se doun, W, W2; up soo doune, S3.—AS. up, upp; cp. OHG. úf (Otfrid).

Up-braiding, sb. reproach, S2.

Up-breiden, v. to reproach, S, W.

Up-breyd, sb. reproach, S2.

Up-cumen, v. to ascend; uppcumenn, S.

Up-heuen, v. to raise, S2; uphaf, pt. s., C; uphouen, pp., S2; upe-houen, S2.

Up-holdere, sb. seller of second-hand things, P.

Up-londisch, adj. rustic, countrified, S2; oplondysch, S2.

Vppe, adv. up, PP, S; upe, S, S2; ope, S2.

Vppon, prep. upon, PP; uppen, S; apon, S2. Phr.: vpon lofte, above, S2.

Up-right, adv. on one’s back, C, C2; upryghte, C2.

Up-risen, v. to rise up; up-rist, pr. s. CM.

Up-risinge, sb. resurrection, S2.

Up-rist, sb. rising, SD, S3; upriste, dat., S, C.

Up-set, pp. set up, S2.

Up-sterten, v. to start up; upsterte, pt. s., S2, C.

Up-stiȝe, sb. ascension, S.

Up-stiȝen, v. to ascend, SD; upsteghes, pr. pl., S2; upstegh, pt. s., S2.

Up-stowr, v. to be stirred up, S3.

Up-take, v. to take up, receive; uptoke, pt. s., S2.

Up-ward, adv. upward; uppard, S.

Up-warp, v. to throw up, S3.

Up-wauen, v. to move upward with an undulating motion; up-wafte, pt. pl., S2.

Up-ȝelden, v. to deliver up, S2.

Vrchun, sb. hedghog, H; see Irchon.

Ure, sb. practice, work, operation, ND, Manip., SkD.—OF. eure, uevre; Lat. ŏpera.

Ure, sb. fate, luck, good luck, B, CM.—OF. eur, eür: Prov. agur; Late Lat. *agurium for Lat. augurium; see BH, § 27.

Urnen, v. to run, S; see Rennen.

Urre, sb. anger, S; see Eorre.

Urþe (written Vrþe), sb. earth, S2; see Erthe.

Usage, sb. custom, C2, C3.—AF. usage.

Usaunce, sb. custom, HD, CM.—OF. usance (Cotg.).

Use, sb. use, usury, HD; us, S2, SD; vce, S3; oyss, B.—AF. us; Lat. usum.

Usen, v. to use, to be accustomed, PP, S3, C2; usede, pt. s., SD, PP; usiden, pl., dealt with, W; yvsed, pp., S2; uset, customary, PP; used, C3; vsyt, S3; oysit, B; wsyt, S3.—AF. user.

Ussher, sb. usher, door-keeper, C2, SkD; uschere, Prompt.; usshere, PP.—AF. ussher, usser, OF. ussier; Lat. ostiarium, door-keeper, from ostium, door.

Usure, sb. usury, C2, P; vsuris, pl., W.—AF. usure; Lat. usura.

Utas, sb. the octave of a festival, HD, ND, SkD, Palsg.—AF. utaves; Lat. octavas. For the s = v’s cp. in Old French vis = vivus (BH).

Ute, adv. out, S.—AS. úte.

Uten, prep. away from, S.—AS. útan; cp. Goth. utana.

Uthe, sb. wave, S; yþez, pl., S2, HD.—AS. ýð: Lat. unda.

Ut-laȝe, sb. outlaw, S.—Icel. útlaga, outlawed, útlagi, an outlaw. See Out-lawe.

Uttring, sb. circulating, S3. See Outren.

Uȝten, sb. early morning, S; see Uhte.

Spotted a typo or a problem in this chapter? Tell us

V U (consonant)

For some words of Teutonic origin beginning with V, see F; see also in some cases W.

Vacherye, sb. a dairy, Prompt.—OF. vacherie, a cow-house (Cotg.); Late Lat. vaccaria, from Lat. uacca, a cow.

Vader, sb. father, S, S2; see Fader.

Uæin, adj. fain, S; see Fayn.

Uair, adj. fair, S2; see Fayr.

Uale, adj. many, S; see Fele.

Vale, sb. vale, PP.—AF. val; Lat. vallem.

Valè, sb. valley, S2, B; valeie, S2; valeye, PP; valayis, pl., B.—OF. valee; cp. It. vallata.

Vale, v. to descend, S3.—Cp. OF. avaler, to descend. Cf. Aualen.

Valuwen, v. to become yellow, S; see Falwe.

Vampies, Vampett; see Vaumpe.

Vane, sb. a vane, C2; see Fane.

Vanishen, v. to vanish, C2; vanshe, Voc.; vanshede, pt. s., PP; vanyschiden, pl., became vain, W; vanyssht, pp., S2.—Cp. OF. esvanuïss-, base of pr. p. of esvanuïr; Lat. ex + uanescere, from uanus.

Vant, v. to vaunt, WA.—OF. vanter; Late Lat. vanitare, from Lat. uanus.

Vantwarde, sb. vanguard, S2; see Vauntwarde.

Uaren, v. to fare, S; see Faren.

Variaunt, adj. changing, fickle, C2.

Varien, v. to vary, Prompt.; wariande, pr. p., S2; variand, S2, S3; variant, S3.—AF. varier; Lat. uariare.

Varlet, sb. a young vassal, servant, squire, SkD, Sh.; verna, Manip.; verlet, S3.—OF. varlet, vaslet, dimin. of vassal. See below.

Vassal, sb. a servant, subject.—AF. vassal; Low Lat. vassallum (acc.), from vassus, a man, a subject (of Celtic origin); cp. Wel. gwas, a youth, servant.

Vassalage, sb. good service, prowess in arms, courage, B; vasselage, C, CM.—AF. vasselage (Roland).

Vath, sb. danger, B.—Icel. váði.

Vath, interj. fie! (= vah), W.

Uaumpe, sb. the fore part of the foot, the vamp, Prompt., S; vampies, ND; wampe, pedana, pedium, ante pedale, Voc.; wampay, pedana, Voc.; vauntpe, Palsg.; vampett, Cath.—OF. uantpie (Palsg.), avant-pied, the fore part of the foot (Cotg.).

Vaunte, sb. a boast, WA. See Vant.

Vaunten, v. to vault, S3; vant, S3 (s.v. vaut). Probably for vauut, vaut.

Vauntwarde, sb. vanguard, PP; vantwarde, S2; vaward, B, WA.—AF. avaunt-garde, OF. avantwarde, avantgarde.

Vauntynge, sb. vaulting, S3.

Vavasour, sb. a sub-vassal, C, HD.—AF. vavasour; OF. vavassor, a gen. pl. form, see Bartsch, p. 500; Low Lat. vassus vassorum, vassal of vassals (Diez, p. 338).

Vaylen, v. to avail; vaille, PP; vayleth, pr. s., S3; vayls, H. See Auailen.

Vayn, sb. vein, S3; see Veyne.

Ueale, adj. many, S; see Uele.

Ueat, sb. vessel, S; see Fat.

Veaw, adj. few, S2; see Fewe.

Veder, sb. father, S; see Fader.

Veel, sb. veal, SkD; veale, calf, Manip.; veal, Manip.; veilys, pl., calves, S3.—OF. veël (Ps. 28. 6): Prov. vedel; Lat. uitellum (acc.).

Veer-tyme, sb. spring-time, W2. See Ver.

Veille, sb. watcher, P; veil, PP.—OF. veile; Lat. uigilia, a vigil, a watch.

Ueir, adj. fair, MD; see Fayre.

Ueir, sb. beauty, S. See above.

Vekke, sb. an old woman, CM.

Uelaȝ-rede, sb. fellowship, S2; see Felawrede.

Uele, adj. many, S, S2; ueole, S; ueale, S; see Fele.

Uelen, v. to feel, MD; see Felen.

Veluet, sb. velvet, sericum villosum, Manip., Prompt.; velwet, Prompt.; velouette, C2; vellet, HD.—It. veluto (Florio); Late Lat. *villutum; from Lat. uillus, shaggy hair; cf. OF. velu, shaggy (Cotg.).

Vendage, sb. vintage, PP.—OF. vendange; Lat. uindēmia; see BH, § 167.

Venerie, sb. hunting, C; venery, game, DG.—OF. venerie (Cotg.), from vener, to hunt; Lat. uenari.

Venesoun, sb. venison, P, Voc.; venysoun, PP.—AF. venesoun, venysoun, OF. venison; Lat. uenationem, hunting, see Apfelstedt (Introd. xxx), BH, § 28.

Venge, v. to avenge, PP, ND, W; wenge, S2; vengide, pt. s., W.—OF. venger, vengier; Lat. uindicare.

Vengeable, adj. full of vengeance, S3, ND.

Vengeaunce, sb. vengeance, PP; vengance, WA; veniaunce, PP, W, W2; vengeans, B; veniauncis, pl., W.—OF. venjance (BH).

Uenie, sb. supplication for pardon on one’s knees, S.—Church Lat. venia (Ducange).

Venkisen, v. to vanquish, PP; vencuss, B; venkquyst, pt. s., S2; venquysshed, pp., S2, C3; venkised, PP; vencust, B.—AF. venquiss-, base of pr. p. of venquir, an inchoative form of OF. veincre; Lat. uincere.

Uenne, sb. dat. mud, S; see Fen.

Ventose, sb. cupping-glass.—OF. ventose (ventouse), cupping-glass (Cotg.); Late Lat. uentosa.

Ventouse, v. to cup, HD.—OF. ventouser (BH).

Ventusynge, sb. cupping, C.

Venust, adj. beautiful, S3.—Lat. uenustus.

Venym, sb. poison, PP, C; venim, C2, C3, PP, Manip.—OF. venin (Ps. 139, 3). Lat. uenēnum; see BH, § 44.

Venym-makere, sb. poisoner, W2, H.

Venymous, adj. venomous, CM.—AF. venymouse, OF. venemouse.

Venymous-heede, sb. venom, PP.

Ueole, adj. many, S; see Uele.

Ueond, sb. enemy, S; see Feend.

Ueor, adv. far, S; see Fer.

Ver, sb. spring, JD, H (Ps. 73. 18). Comb.: veer-tyme, spring-time, W2.—Lat. uer.

Ver, sb. glass, W2; verre, HD.—OF. verre (voirre); Lat. uitrum.

Uerd, sb. army, MD; uerden, pl. dat., S; see Ferd.

Uerden, pt. pl. fared, S; see Faren.

Verdegrese, sb. verdigris, PP; verdegrece, viride grecum, Voc.; verdegrees, C3.—OF. vert de gris, verdigrease (Cotg.); OF. Gris, Greeks (Ducange), pl. of gri; Late Lat. grĕcum; Lat. graecum; see Constans, Notes, p. 25, and BH, § 32.

Verdite, sb. verdict, C; verdyte, Palsg.—AF. veirdit; Lat. uere dictum.

Uere, sb. companion, S; see Fere.

Vergere, sb. an orchard, CM.—OF. vergier (BH); Late Lat. viridiarium; see BH, § 134.

Verlet, sb. a young servant, S3; see Varlet.

Vermel, adj. vermilion-coloured, S3; vermayle, CM.—OF. vermeil; Lat. uermiculus, scarlet (Vulg.).

Vermiloun, sb. vermilion; vermyloun, Voc.; vermylion, WA; vermeon, WA.—AF. vermiloun.

Vernage, sb. an Italian white wine, Prompt., CM, HD.—AF. vernage; It. vernaccia, ‘a kind of winter wine in Italy very strong like Malmezy,’ so Florio, cp. Dante, Purg. 24, 24; from It. vernaccio, a severe winter, from verno, winter; Lat. hibernum, belonging to winter. Cp. Low Lat. vernachia (Ducange).

Vernicle, sb. a copy of the handkerchief of St. Veronica, S2, PP, C; vernakylle, Cath.; vernacle, HD.—Church Lat. veronicula, also veronica from Veronica, the traditional name of the woman who wiped the Saviour’s face (the word being popularly connected with uera icon, true likeness); Veronica is a form of Bernice, the traditional name of the woman who was cured of an issue of blood. Bernice or Berenice is a Macedonian form of Φερενίκη, bearer of victory. See F. veronique in Cotg.

Vernisch, sb. varnish, S2, PP; vernysche, Prompt.; vernysh, bernix, Voc.; viridium, virificum, Voc.; vernish, encaustum, Manip.—OF. vernis, varnish, Cotg.; from OF. vernir; Late Lat. *vitrinire, from uitrinus, from uitrum, glass (Diez, p. 339).

Vernish, v. encaustare, Manip.—OF. vernisser, to varnish, to sleek, or glaze over with varnish (Cotg.).

Verony, sb. a vernacle, HD.—OF. veronie; Low Lat. veronica (Ducange). See Vernicle.

Verraily, adv. verily, C2, C; verralyest, superl., H.

Verray, adj. true, S, S2, C2, C3, B; verrey, G, HD; very, W. Phr.: verray force, main force, C2.—AF. verrai, verai; Late Lat. *verăcum (whence F. vrai), from Lat. uerus.

Verrayment, adv. verily, C2; verament, S3, HD.

Vers, sb. verse, PP.—AF. vers; Lat. uersus.

Versifie, v. to compose verses, PP.

Versifyour, sb. versifier; vercefyour, S2.

Vertu, sb. power, healing power, miracle, virtue, kindness, S2, PP, W, C2; vertues, pl., S2. Phr.: the Lord of vertues, the Lord of hosts, W2, H.—OF. vertu, virtud; Lat. uirtutem.

Verveine, sb. vervain, SkD; verueyne, S2; verveyn, Voc.—OF. verveine; Lat. uerbēna; see BH, § 44.

Very, adj. true, W; see Verray.

Vese, v. to drive away, HD; see Fesien.

Vese, sb. a rush of wind, C.—Cp. Icel. fýsi, impulse. See above.

Vestiment, sb. vestment, C2; uestimenz, pl., S, C.—OF. vestiment (Bartsch); Lat. uestimentum.

Vewe, adj. few, S2; see Fewe.

Veyne, sb. vein, C; veine, SkD; vaine, S3; vayn, S3; vanys, pl., S2; waynys, S3.—AF. veine; Lat. uēna; see BH, § 44.

Viage, sb. voyage, journey, S2, S3, C, C3, CM, B; vyage, S2.—OF. viage, (BH); Lat. uiaticum, provisions for a journey, from uia.

Vicarie, sb. vicar, PP; vicary, C2; vicorie, PP; vikery, PP; vickery, PP; vecory, Voc.—AF. vicaire (F. viquier); Lat. uicarium, a substitute.

Vilanye, sb. villainy, C2, C3, PP; villanie, violentia, Manip.; vilonye, disgrace, G.—AF. vilanie, OF. vilenie (vilonie), from vilain, peasant, farm-servant, also bad, villainous (BH); Late Lat. villanus, farm-servant, from Lat. uilla, farm-stead, country-house.

Vile, adj. vile; vyle, PP; vil, PP.—AF. vil; Lat. uilem.

Villiche, adv. vilely, S2.

Vilte, sb. vileness, H (Ps. 49. 22); vylte, HD; vilete, HD.—OF. vilté; Lat. uilitatem.

Viole, v. to violate; violid, pp., S3.—OF. violer; Lat. uiolare.

Viole, sb. vial; violis, pl., W (Rev. 5. 8); violes, C3.—OF. viole; AF. fyole; Lat. phiala; Gr. φιάλη.

Virelay, sb. a sort of rondeau, ND; virelayes, pi., S3, CM; virolais, HD.—OF. virelay (Cotg.); OF. virer + lai; OF. virer; Late Lat. virare; Lat. uibrare (Diez, p. 736). Cf. Vyre.

Visage, sb. face, PP, C2; vysege, S2.—AF. visage; Late Lat. *visaticum, from Lat. uisum, acc. of uisus, sight.

Vitaille, sb. food, S2, C2, C3; vitaile, PP, WW; vitayle, S3; victual, WW; vitalis, pl., B.—AF. vitaille; Lat. uictuālia, provisions; see BH, § 6.

Vitailled, pp. provisioned, C3; vitailid, W.

Vitailler, sb. victualler, PP; vittelleris, pi., foragers, B.

Vitremyte, sb. woman’s cap, C2.—Lat. uitream mitram, glass head-dress (?). Cp. Sp. mitra, a sort of cap made of pasteboard, which was put on the heads of witches when led to punishment (Stevens). For the loss of r in -myte cp. F. marte for martre, a marten, also OF. feneste for fenestre, and terreste for terrestre; see Apfelstedt (p. xxxviii).

Voide, adj. void, empty, W2.—AF. voide (F. vide), OF. vuide, fem. of vuit; Late Lat. *vocitum, from stem voc-; [cp. Lat. uacare; see BH, § 63, and Constans (s.v. vuit).—A. L. M.]

Voiden, v. to empty; voyden, to get rid of, C2; to expel, C; voidis, pr. s., S3; voyde, imp. pl., make room, S3; depart from, C2; voydeth, send away, C3; voyded, pt. s., S2; voidid, pp., made void, W.—AF. voider, to leave, OF. vuidier (Bartsch). See above.

Vokyte, sb. an advocate, Voc.; vocates, pl., PP.—Lat. aduocatus.

Volage, adj. light of conduct, giddy, CM.—OF. volage, light (BH); Lat. uolaticum.

Volageouss, adj. light of conduct, B. See above.

Volatilis, sb. pl. birds (a misrendering of Lat. altilia). W; so in the AS. version altilia is rendered by ‘fugelas’; birds (= Lat. uolatilia), W2; volatils, HD.—Lat. uolatilia, poultry (hence F. volaille), pl. of uolatilis (Voc.); from uolare, to fly.

Voluntè, sb. will, CM.—OF. volonta, voluntet; Lat. uoluntatem.

Voluper, sb. a woman’s cap, CM; volyper, Cath.—Cp. OF. envoluper, to wrap round (BH).

Vouches, pr. s. avouches, S3; see Vowchen.

Vow, sb. vow, PP; vowes, pl., PP; vouwes, S2.—OF. vou (Ps. 21); Lat. uotum. Cf. Auowe (p. 18).

Vowchen, v. to vouch, cite, call, HD; vouchen, to avouch, S3. Phr.: vouchen saf, to guarantee, vouchsafe, PP, HD; vouche sauf, C2.—AF. voucher, vocher; Lat. uocare; see BH, § 96.

Vowtres, sb. pl. vultures, WA.—OF. voutre; Lat. uultur.

Vowtriere, sb. adultress, WA. See Avoutrie.

Voys, sb. voice, S2, S3, C2, C3; woice, S2; voce, B; vois, PP.—OF. vois; Lat. uōcem; see BH, § 74.

Vyne, sb. vine, PP.

Vyner, sb. vineyard, W2; vynere, H; vyneris, pl., W2; vyners, H.—OF. vinier (BH); Late Lat. vinarium, vineyard, from Lat. uinum, wine.

Vyner, sb. vine-dresser, Manip.—OF. vinier (Ducange); Late Lat. vinarium (acc.).

Vynour, sb. vine-dresser, Bardsley.—OF. vineür; Lat. uinitorem.

Vyre, sb. a crossbow-bolt, B.—OF. vire (Ducange). Cf. Virelay.

Spotted a typo or a problem in this chapter? Tell us

Wa-We

Wa, sb. woe, WA, B; waa, WA, HD; see Wo.

Wa, pron. who, S; see Who.

Waast, sb. waist, C2; see Waste.

Wacche, sb. vigil, watch, PP, HD; wecche, S; wach, one who keeps a lookout; wecche, pl., S; wecchess, S; wacchis, WA; wachis, sentinels, S3.—AS. wæcce.

Wacchen, v. to watch, SkD; vachit, pp., S2.—AS. wacian.

Wachet, sb. a sort of blue cloth, CM. See Philolog. Soc. Trans. 1885, p. 329.

Waden, v. to wade, PP; vayd, S2. Der.: vading, wading, S2.—AS. wadan, pt. s. wód, pp. gewaden.

Wæs, imp. s. be, S, Comb.: wæs hail, be hale, S; wæs hæil, S; wassail, S; wassayl, S.—ONorth. wæs, AS. wes, imp. s. of wesan, to be.

Wæs, pt. s. was, S; see Was.

Waff, v. to waft, lift up, raise, bear, SkD, JD; wafte, pt. s., S2.—Icel. váfa, to wave, vibrate.

Wafre, sb. a thin small cake, wafer, CM, PP; wafur, Prompt., Voc.—AF. wafre (F. gaufre); ODutch wafel (see Kilian); cp. OHG. waba, honey-comb (Tatian); see Weigand (s.v. waffel).

Wafrere, sb. a maker of wafer-cakes, confectioner, PP; wafereres, pl., C3.

Wafrestre, sb. a female maker or seller of wafer-cakes, PP.

Wage, sb. a gage, pledge, pay for service, WA, Prompt.; wages, pl., PP.—AF. wage, gage; Low Lat. wadium, a pledge; Goth. wadi; cp. Lat. uas (uadi-). Cf. Wed.

Wagen, v. to engage, to go bail, P, Prompt.—OF. gagier; Low. Lat. wadiare, from wadium. See above.

Waggen, v. to shake to and fro, Prompt., CM, PP; waggid, pp., W.

Waghe, sb. wall, H; wah, S; see Wowe.

Waille, v. to wail, C2; see Weilen.

Wait, pr. s. knows, S3; see Witen (1).

Waith, sb. danger, peril, B, JD; wathe, WA; vath, B.—Icel. váði.

Waith, v. to hunt, fish.—Icel. veiða, to catch, hunt; cp. AS. wǽðan, to hunt, to wander (Grein). Related to F. gagner (see Brachet). See Gaignage.

Waith, sb. game, sport, a ‘take,’ S3, JD.—Icel. veiðr; cp. OHG. weida (Otfrid), see Weigand (s.v. weide).

Waithing, sb. what is taken in hunting or fishing, JD, S3.

Wak, adj. wet, moist, S3, SkD (s.v. wake). Der.: waknes, moistness, JD.—Cp. Du. wak, Icel. vökr; cp. Icel. vök (vaka-), a hole in ice.

Wake, sb. a watch, vigilia, Cath. Comb.: wakepleyes, ceremonies attending the vigils for the dead, C.

Waken, v. to be awake, to wake, cease from sleep, S, PP, S2; woc, pt. s., S; wok, S; wook, S2, C3.—AS. wacan, pt. wóc, pp. wacen.

Wakien, v. to watch, to awake, S, PP; waky, S2; wakede, pt. s., S, PP; waked, pp., S.—AS. wacian, pt. wacede.

Waking, sb. a watch, S2, C2; wakynge, W.

Waknen, v. to be aroused from sleep, SkD, PP.—AS. wæcnan.

Wal, sb. wall, murus, paries, Prompt., S, S2, C2; wall (= Lat. maceria), H, WA; walles, pl., S; wallen, S.—AS. weall, wall, rampart; Lat. uallum.

Wald, sb. wold, wood, WA.—AS. weald; cp. OHG. wald.

Wald-eȝed, adj. wall-eyed, WA.—Icel. vald-eygðr.

Wale, v. to choose, WA.—Cp. Goth. waljan.

Walette, sb. bag, wallet, Prompt.; walet, C.—Perhaps a corruption of Watel; see SkD.

Walk (Valk), v. to watch, S2, S3, B.—So written for wakk (vakk). See Wakien.

Walke, sb. a walk, WA.

Walken, v. to roll, walk, S; welk, pt. s., SkD; welke, HD; walke, pp., S.

Wallare, sb. stone-mason, murator, Prompt. See Wal.

Walle, sb. a spring of water, HD. Comb.: walle-heued, a springhead, S2.

Wallen, v. to boil, to well, to turn about, S, S2, PP; weallen, S. Comb.: wal-hat, boiling hot, S. Der.: wally, surging, S3.—AS. weallan, pt. wéol, pp. weallen.

Walme, sb. a bubble in boiling, HD.

Walshe, adj. and sb. foreign, a foreigner, Welshman, P. Comb.: walshe note, walnut, CM.—AS. wælisc, foreign, Welsh (SkD); from wealh, a foreigner, a Welshman.

Walt, pt. s. possessed, S2; see Welden.

Walten, v. to roll, to roll over, overturn, to fall, to well out, S2; welt, pt. s., SkD (s.v. welter); welte, HD; walt, S2.—AS. wealtan.

Walter, sb. water, S3; see Water.

Walteren, v. to roll about, welter, S2, S3, PP; weltyn, Prompt. Der.: waltrynge, a weltering, Prompt.; weltering, a turning over, S3.

Walwen, v. to roll, CM, PP; welwyn, Prompt.; walowand, pr. p., WA; walewide, pt. s., W.—AS. wealwian: Goth. walwjan (in compounds).

Walwyng, sb. a rolling, W.

Wambe, sb. belly, womb, WA; wame, WA.

Wan, adj. wan, pale, C3, W; wanne, Prompt.; won, S2. Comb.: wannesse, lividness (= Lat. liuor), W2.—AS. wann (wonn).

Wan-, prefix, expressing lack, deficiency. Comb.: wan-beleue, perfidia, Prompt.; wan-hope, despair, S2, C, P, H, Voc.; wan-towen, untrained, wanton; wantown, C; wantoun, C2; wanton, WA; wantowe, Prompt.; wanton-nes, want of discretion, S3; wantownesse, C; wan-truce, fail, failure, S; wan-trukien, to fail, SD; wan-trokiynge, abatement, S2; wan-trust, distrust, CM.—Cp. Du. wan-, prefix.

Wand, sb. a rod (= Lat. uirga), H (Ps. 109. 3), WA; wande, H (Ps. 44. 8).—Cp. OSwed. wand.

Wand, sb. hesitation, S2. See Wonden.

Wandren, v. to wander, to walk, S2, PP, W; wondren, S2, PP.—AS. wandrian.

Wand-reðe, sb. misery, S, HD; wandreth, peril, S2, WA; wontreaðe, S; wondrede, S; wanrede, S.—Icel. vand-ræði, difficulty, from vandr, difficult.

Wane, sb. weening, thought, judgment, B; wan, S2; vayn, S2, B; veyn, doubt, B.—AS. wén. See Wenen.

Wane, sb. a quantity, a number, S2, S3; see Woon.

Wane, sb. want, deficiency, misery, S, S2, WA; wone, S.—AS. wana.

Wanelasour, sb. one who rouses and drives game, alator, Voc. See HD (s.v. wanlace).

Wanen, v. to wane, to fail, to grow less, C, C2, S2; wanye, P; wanne, to ebb, S3; woned, pp., S2.—AS. wanian (wonian).

Wanene, adv. whence, S; see Whanene.

Wangeliste, sb. evangelist, S2.—Church Lat. euangelista (Vulg.).

Wangtooth, sb. molar tooth, C2; see Wonge.

Wankel, adj. tottery, unstable; wankyll, S2.—AS. wancol (SkD, s.v. wench); cp. OHG. wank, tottering (Otfrid).

Wanne, adv., conj. when, S, S2; see Whanne.

Wannes, adv. whence, S3; see Whannes.

Want, adj. deficient; wannt, SkD; wonte, sb. deficiency, SkD.—Icel. vant, n. of vanr, deficient.

Wanten, v. to be lacking, carere, Cath.; wonte, S, S2; wantede, pt. s., S; wayntyt, pl., S3.—Icel. vanta.

Wapne, sb. weapon, S; see Wepne.

Wapnid, pp. armed, S2; see Wepnen.

Wappen, v. to lap, wap (said of water), to yelp, S3, Prompt.

Wappynge, sb. barking of hounds, Prompt.

War, adj. cautious, wary, S, S2, C2, G, W, W2, PP; wear, S; warliche, adv. cautiously, S; wearliche, S; warly, H; warli, W. Der.: warschipe, prudence, S.—AS. (ge)wær: OHG. gi-war (Otfrid). See I-war (p. 123).

War, pt. s. subj. were, S2; war . . ne, unless, S2; see Was.

War, adv. where, S; see Wher.

Warant, sb. a warrant, guarantee, SkD; protector, Prompt.—AF. warant, OF. garant, Low Lat. warentem (Diez, p. 177); OHG. werento, pr. p. of weren, warjan, to protect, to take heed. Cf. Warice.

Waranten, v. to warrant, C3.

Ward, sb. a guard, SD; wardes, pl., SD.—AS. weard (m.), ‘custos’.

Ward, sb. world (Lancelot of the Laik, E.E.T.S. No. 6). See Werd.

Warde, sb. ward, custodia, S; ward, care, heed, regard, S2; keeping, Prompt.—AS. weard (f.), ‘custodia.’ Comb.: warde-motes, meetings of a ward, P.

Warden, v. to guard, S; warded, pp., S2.—AS. weardian.

Wardeyne, sb. warden, Prompt.; wardeyn, CM, Voc.; wardane, B; wardeynes, pl., umpires, G.—AF. wardein.

Wardone, sb. a kind of pear, volemum, Prompt.

Wardrobe, sb. a house of office, CM.

Ware, sb. merchandise, S2, C3, G, SkD.—Icel. vara; cp. AS. waru, care, custody, (Grein).

Ware, sb. host, collection, S2. Comb.: helleware, the host of hell, SD; watres ware, waters, S2; windes ware, winds, S2.—AS. -waru (Grein), see Fick, 7. 291. Cf. Were.

Ware, sb. spring, H; wayr, ver, Cath.; were, B.—Icel. vár.

Ware, sb. weir, dam, HD; wore, S2; were, CM.—AS. wer (SkD); cp. Icel. vörr.

Ware, adj. comp. worse, H; see Werre.

Ware, v. to lay out, to spend, S2, HD, JD, Palsg. (p. 452); wayr, commutare, Cath., JD; war, JD.—Icel. verja, to clothe, to invest money, to spend. See Werien.

Wareyne, sb. a warren, Prompt.; warrayne, HD. Der.: warnere, warrener, Prompt.; warner, P, HD, Bardsley.—AF. warenne (garenne, garreyne); Low Lat. warenna; from OHG. war- in warjan. See Warant.

Warh (in compounds), an outlawed felon. Comb.: warh-treo, the felon’s tree, the gallows (used of the cross of Christ), S.—AS. wearh, an outlawed felon, a wolf; cp. Icel. vargr, a wolf, an outlaw. With warh-tréo cp. OS. warag-treo, Icel. varg-tré, also AS. wearh-ród (Voc.).

Wari-angel, sb. a butcher-bird, a small woodpecker, WA (p. 469); wary-angle, Cotg. (s.v. pie).

Warice, v. to heal, cure, to be cured, C3; warschyn, convalesco, Prompt.; warisch, WA; warysshe, Palsg.; warisshed, pp., Prompt. (n).—OF. wariss-, pr. p. stem of warir, garir (F. guérir), of Teut. origin; OHG. warjan, to protect. Cf. Warant.

Warien, v. to curse, S, S2, S3, W, H (Ps. 108. 27), C3; werien, H; varyit, pt. s., S2; wereged, pp., S.—AS. wergian; cp. OHG. (fur)wergen (Tatian). AS. wergian, from wearh, an accursed person, an outlawed felon. See Warh.

Warien, v. to be on the watch, S (9. 132); waren, S; ware þe, imp. s., PP; war yow, pl., C2.—AS. warian, to take heed.

Warke, sb. work, S2; see Werk.

Warlaȝe, sb. a warlock, sorcerer, deceiver, WA.—AS. wǽrloga, covenant-breaker, often used of the devil (Grein).

Warnin, v. to warn, moneo, S, C2; warnon, Prompt.; warnyt, pt. s., B; warnede, PP.—AS. wearnian, from wearn, a denial, refusal. Cf. Wernen.

Warnishen, v. to fortify, protect, SkD (s.v. garnish); warenyss, H; warnist, warnyst, warnyscht, pp., H; warnised, HD. Der.: warnysynge, protection, defence, H; warnyshynge, H.—AF. warniss-, pr. p. stem of warnir; of Teut. origin. See Warnin.

Warpen, v. to throw, cast, utter, to lay (eggs), PP, S2, S, Cath.; werpen, S, H; worpen, S; warp, pt. s., S, PP; warpe, PP; werp, S2; worpen, pp., S.—AS. weorpan, pt. wearp, pp. worpen: OS. werpan; cp. OHG. werphan (Tatian).

Warrok, v. to fasten with a girth, PP; warrick, HD.

Warrok, sb. a girth, Voc.

Warysone, sb. reward, donativum, possessio, Prompt.; waryson, WA; warison, CM; warysoun, S2, B; waresun, Voc.; warisoune, B.—OF. warison, help, protection, from warir (guarir, garir). See Warice.

Was, pt. s. was; wæs, S; wees, S2; wes, S, S2; watz, S2; was, 2 pt. s., S; wes, S; were, S, W2; wæren, pl., S; wærenn, S; waren, S; weren, S; wer, S; war, S2; weoren, S; woren, S; wern, S2; wore, S; ware, S; wear, S3; ware, pt. s. subj., S; war, S2; war . . . ne, were . . . not, unless, S2, H; were, S2.—AS. wæs, 1 and 3 pt., wǽre, 2 pt. (pl. wǽron), subj. wǽre (pl. wǽren). See Wæs.

Waschen, v. to wash, S; waische, W2; wasshen, S; weschen, S; wessche, S2; wassen, S; wasse, S; wesch, pt. s., S; wessh, S, S2; wesh, C2, C3; weis, S; waischide, W, W2; wesse, pl., S; wosschen, S2; wisschen, G; wesshen, P; wasshe, pp., C3; wasschen, G; waischun, W; ȝe-wasse, S.—AS. wascan, pt. wósc (wóx), pp. wascen (wæscen).

Waselen, v. to wade in mire; waseled, pt. s., S3.—Icel. vasla, to wade in ooze, from vás, wetness, cp. AS. wós (wór). See Wose, Wori.

Wassail, a salutation used in drinking, S, ND; wassel, ND; wassayl, S; wæshail, S. See Wæs.

Wast, sb. wasteful expenditure, C3 (p. 48).

Waste, adj. solitary, S; vast, S2.—AF. wast.—OF. guaste. See below.

Waste, v. to waste away, C2; vast, to waste, S2.—OF. waster (gaster); cp. MHG. wasten; Lat. uastare; see Mackel, Germ. Elemente, p. 72.

Waste, sb. waist, a man’s middle, Prompt.; wast, Prompt.; waast, C2.—Probably a deriv. from Wexen (to grow); see SkD.

Wastel, sb. a cake made of the finest flour, P, Prompt.; wastell, libum, Voc.; wastelle, Voc., Cath. Comb.: wastel breed, cake-bread, CM, C.—AF. wastel, gastel (F. gâteau).

Wastme, sb. growth, form, personal appearance, S, SkD (s.v. waist); westm, fruit, S.—AS. wæstm. See Wexen.

Wastoure, sb. a destroyer, WA; a wasteful person, P.

Wat, pron. what, S, S2; see What.

Wat, 1 and 3 pr. s. know, knows, S, S2, S3; see Witen (1).

Wat, pt. s. quoth, S; see Queðen.

Wate, sb. chance, luck, S; see Whate.

Watel, sb. a hurdle woven with twigs, a bag of woven stuff, the baggy flesh on a bird’s neck, wattle, SkD. Comb.: watelful, wallet-full, PP.—AS. watel, hurdle, covering. Cf. Walette.

Watelen, v. to wattle, to strengthen with hurdles, SkD; watelide, pt. s., PP.

Water, sb. water, S2; weater, S; vattir, S2; walter, S3; watres, pl., S2. Comb.: watirbank, shore, W; waterles, without water, C. Der.: watrand, watering, S2.—AS. wæter: OS. watar; cp. OHG. wazzar (Tatian).

Watloker, adv. comp. sooner, S2; see What.

Wattri, adj. venomous, S2; see Attrie.

Waueren, v. to waver, to wander, Prompt.; waverand, pr. p., B; vauerand, S2, B; wawerand, B; waweryt, pt. s., B; vaueryt, S2.—Icel. vafra.

Wawe, sb. wall, WA; waghe, WA.—AS. wáh; cp. Goth. waddjus. See Wowe.

Wawe, sb. wave, S2, C3, W, PP, Prompt.; wawes, pl., WA, S2, S3, C3; waweȝ, S2; waȝeȝ, S2; quawes, S2.—Icel. vágr; cp. AS. wég: Goth. wegs; see Kluge (s.v. woge).

Wawen, v. to move from side to side, P; wawid, pp., shaken, SkD (s.v. wag).—AS. wagian (Grein).

Wax, sb. wax, Prompt.; wex, C, C3; wexe, W2. Comb.: wax-bred, a board covered with wax, a writing-tablet, S; wax-lokes, wax-flakes, S2.—AS. weax, wax; wæxbred, a board covered with wax.

Waxen, v. to grow, S, S2; see Wexen.

Way, interj. wo!, S; see Wo.

Wayke, adj. weak, Cath., S2, C, C3, PP; wayk, S2, C2; waik, PP, B; waiker, comp., S3.—Icel. veikr; cp. AS. wác. Cf. Woc.

Waykely, adv. watchfully, carefully, S3.—AS. wacollice, adv. from wacol (Voc.). See Waken.

Waymenten, v. to lament, Prompt., Spenser (2).—AF. weimenter, guaimenter.

Waymentynge, sb. lamentation, C, CM, H; weymentynge, C.

Wayne, sb. wain, cart, Prompt., G; waines, pl., S.—AS. wægn: OHG. wagan (Otfrid).

Wayowre, sb. a wager, Prompt.; waiour, S2.—OF. wageure (F. gageure), from wage (gage). See Wage.

Wayryngle, sb. a little villain, WA.

Wayte, sb. watchman, waker, spy, Prompt.; waites, pl., S2. See below.

Wayten, v. to watch, expect, C2, S2, PP; waiten, S, S2, S3, C2, PP; i-wayted, pp., S2.—AF. wayter, OF. guaiter (Roland): OHG. wahten, to watch (Otfrid).

Wayue, v. to send, put away, WA; wayfe, WA.—Cp. Low Lat. wayviare; see Ducange (s.v. wayf). Cf. Weyuen.

We, sb. way, S2; see Wey.

Weaden, sb. pl. garments, S; see Wade.

Wealden, v. to govern, S; see Welden.

Wealdent, sb. ruler, S; walden, S.—AS. wealdend.

Wealden, v. to govern, rule, control, possess, S; see Welden.

Weallen, v. to boil, S; see Wallen.

Wear, adj. wary, cautious, S; see War.

Weater, sb. water, S; see Water.

Web, sb. that which is woven, S2, W2 (Job 7. 6); webbe, P; wobbys, pl., S3.—AS. webb.

Webbare, sb. maker of woollen or linen cloth, Prompt.

Webbe, sb. a weaver, Bardsley, CM, C; a female weaver, P.

Webster, sb. a female weaver, Voc.; textor, Voc.; webstere, textor, Voc., W2 (Job 7. 6); websteris, pl., S2.—AS. webbestre.

Wecche, sb. vigil, watch, S; see Wacche.

Wed, sb. a pledge, W2; wedde, P; dat., S, S3, C. Comb.: wed-lac, wedlock, S; wedlak, S; wedlock, C2; wedlackes, gen., S; wedlakes, S.—AS. wedd: Goth. wadi. Cf. Wage.

Wedden, v. to engage by a pledge, to marry, S, C; i-weddet, pp., S; y-wedde, S; y-wedded, C2.—AS. weddian, to pledge.

Wede, sb. weed, garment, S, C2, PP, WA; weid, S3; weyd, S3; weden, pl., S; weaden, S; wedes, S, S2, P; wedis, S3, B.—AS. wǽde: OS. wádi.

Weden, v. to be mad, to go mad, S2, WA; weide, S3 (6. 438); wedde, pt. s., S.—AS. wédan, from wód. See Wode.

Weder, sb. wether, Voc.; wedyr, Prompt.; weddir, S2; veddir, S2; wether, S2.—AS. weðer: cp. Goth. withrus, lamb.

Weder, sb. weather, S, S2, C2; wedirs, pl., S2, WA; vedirs, S2; wedereȝ, storms, S2; wederes, P.—AS. weder; cp. G. wetter.

Wederen, v. to expose to the weather; wederyn, auro, Prompt.; widren, to wither, SkD; wydder, S3. Der.: wethering, weathering, seasoning from exposure to the weather, S3.

Wedous, sb. pl. widows, S3; see Widewe.

Wee, sb. a man, WA; we, WA. See Wye.

Weed, sb. weed, wild herb, Prompt.; wed, S; weode, dat., S.—AS. wéod, wíod: cp. OS. wiod.

Weep, pt. s. wept, C1, C3; see Wepen.

Weet, adj. wet, PP; wete, C.—AS. wǽt.

Weete, sb. wet, perspiration, S2, PP; wete, S2, C3; weet, C2, PP.—AS. wǽta.

Weeten, v. to wet, W2; wette, pt. s., C.—AS. wǽtan.

Wei, interj. wo! S; see Wo.

Weilen, v. to lament, W, W2, S2; weylen, C; waille, C2. Der.: weilyng, lamentation, W.—Cp. Icel. væla.

Weir, sb. war, S3; see Werre.

Weir, sb. doubt, B; weyr, B, S2; were, CM, S2, JD; wyre, Digby Myst.

Weird, sb. fate, S3; see Werd.

Weiȝh, sb. man, S2; see Wye.

Wel, adv. well, very, S, S2, PP; wæl, S; weyl, S2; weill, S3; wiel, S3; wol, S; wele, S2; welle, S. Comb.: wel-bigoon, joyous, CM; welcomen, welcome, PP; welcume, S; welcome, to welcome, PP; wolcumen, S; wilcweme, content, S; wel dede, good deed, PP; pl., S; welfaring, prosperous, C2.—AS. wel; cp. OHG. wuola (Tatian). Cf. AS. weldǽd, a benefit (Bosworth).

Wel, 1 pr. s. will, desire, S2; see Wille.

Welde, sb. weld, dyer’s weed, Prompt., CM, SkD; wolde, Prompt.; wald, JD.—Cp. Low Lat. gualdum (Ducange). Cf. Gaude. ‘Weld, Reseda luteola, Genista tinctoria,’ Britten (Plant-names).

Welden, v. to have power over, govern, possess, SD (s.v. walden); wealden, S; wolde, S; wald, pr. s., S; wolde, pt. subj., SD.—AS. wealdan, pt. wéold, pp. wealden.

Welden, v. to wield, possess, S, S2, W2; weld, S3; welt, pt. s., S2; welte, C2; welde, C2; walt, S2; welded, C2; weldide, established, W2; weldiden, pl., obtained, W2.—AS. (ge)weldan.

Weldere, sb. possessor, W2.

Weldynge, sb. possession, H.

Wele, sb. weal, prosperity, S, S2, S3, C2, PP; weole, S, S2, PP; welle, PP; well, PP; weolen, pl., benefits, S. Comb.: weleful, blessed, joyous, S; weoleful, S; welful, S2, C3; welefully, prosperously, W.—AS. wela, weola.

Welewen, v. to fade, to become yellow, W, HD; welwen, S2; welyen, S2; welowe, Cath., HD; wilowe, H (Ps. 72. 17); walows, pr. s., WA; wellowd, pp., Cath.—AS. wealowian (Bosworth).

Welk, pt. s. walked; see Walken.

Welken, v. to fade, wither, Prompt., S, S2, S3, C3, H, HD; wealked, pp., S3.—Cp. Du. welken.

Welkene, sb. welkin, sky, PP; welken, WA; welkne, C2, HD; weolcne, S; wolcne, S.—AS. wolcnu, pl. of wolcen, cloud, OS. wolkan.

Welle, sb. spring, fountain, S, C2, S2; well, S3; wel, S; weeles, pl. (= Lat. torrentes), S2. Comb.: welsprung, wellspring, S.—AS. wella, also well, wyll, from weallan, to boil up. See Wallen.

Wellen, v. to well, S2, PP.—AS. wellan, wyllan.

Wellen, v. to weld; fundo, Prompt.; wellid, pp., W2. Comb.: wellyng-place, a smelting-place (= Lat. conflatorium), W2.—Cp. Swed. välla, to weld.

Welt, pt. s. overturned; see Walten.

Welðe, sb. wealth, riches, S, PP; weolthe, PP. See Wele.

Welwen, v. to fade, S2; see Welewen.

Wem, sb. spot, blemish, S2, PP, C2, W, W2, H; wemme, Prompt., W; wembe, H. Comb.: wemles, spotless, S2, WA; wemmeles, S2; wemmelees, C3.—AS. wamm, Goth. wamm, OS. wam, crime, wickedness.

Wemmen, v. to stain, blemish, SD.—AS. wemman: Goth. (ana)wammjan.

Wenche, sb. a girl, maiden, maid-servant, S2, C2, WA, Prompt., SkD; wench, B, S2, WW.

Wenchel, sb. an infant (boy or girl), SkD (s.v. wench).—AS. wencel, weak, tottery; cp. OHG. wankón, to totter (Otfrid). See Wankel.

Wenden, v. to turn (act.), to turn oneself, to turn, to go, depart, S, S2, C2; went, S3; wend, imp. s., S; went, S; pr. s., turns (act.), S; wend, pl., C2; wende, pt. s., S, S2; wend, H (Ps. 9. 28); wente, S, S2, C2; wenden, pl., S; wenten, S; wente hym, turned him (reflex.), S3, C3; went, pp., S, S2, C2, C3; wente, W; iwent, S; iwente, S. Der.: wendynge, departure, H.—AS. wendan, pt. wende: Goth. wandjan, causal of windan. See Winden.

Wenen, v. to ween, suppose, S, S2, C2, C3, PP; weene, PP, S3; wanst, 2 pr. s., S; wende, pt. s., S, S3, C2, PP; wente, pp., S3; wend, C2.—AS. wénan, (pt. wénde): Goth. wēnjan, from wēns, hope; cp. OS. wánian, OHG. wánen (Tatian).

Wenen, v. to disaccustom, to wean, ablacto, Prompt., W2, H.—AS. á-wenian, to disaccustom, to wean (VP. Ps. 130. 2), cp. wenian (wennan), to accustom, Icel. venja: Goth. *wanjan; cp. Icel. vanr, accustomed.

Wenge, sb. wing, PP, Cath.; wenges, pl., S2, S3; winges, C2; whynges, S2; wengis, W2; wyngis, W2; wengen, dat., S. Der.: wenged, winged, C.—Icel. vengr.

Went, sb. passage, road, pathway; wente, dat., CM.

Weod, sb. weed, S; see Weed.

Weole, sb. weal, S, S2, PP; see Wele.

Weoli, adj. powerful, S.—AS. welig, rich. See Wele.

Weorc, sb. work, S; see Werk.

Weored, sb. a host, cohort; weordes, pl., S; wordes, S.—AS. weorod: OS. werod.

Weoren, pt. pl. were, S; see Was.

Weorld, sb. world, S; see Werld.

Weorren, v. to war, S.—AS. werrian (uerrien in Chron. ann. 1135).

Wepe, sb. weeping, S2; wep, S.

Wepen, v. to weep, S, P, C3; weopen, S; wep, pt. s., S, S2, C; weep, C2, C3; wepe, P; weop, S; wepen, pl., S; wepte, pt. s., C3; wepten, pl., P; wopen, pp., C2.—AS. wépan (pt. wéop): OS. wópian, Goth. wopjan. See Wop.

Wep-man, sb. a man, a male, SD; weopmon, S; wepmen, pl., S.—AS. wæpman (Voc.), wǽpnedman (Grein). See below.

Wepne, sb. weapon, membrum virile, PP, S, Prompt.; wepen, C2; wapne, S; wapynnys, pl., S3, B; wapnys, B; wapen, WA.—AS. wǽpen: Goth. wēpna, pl. weapons; see Sievers, 17, and Cosijn, p. 41.

Wepnen, v. to arm, SD; wapnid, pp., S2; wapened, WA; wopnede, pl., S.

Wer, sb. war, B; see Werre.

Werble, sb. warble; wrablis, pl., S3.

Werblen, v. to warble (of trumpets), WA, SkD; werbelen, SkD; wrabil, to move in an undulating manner, JD.—OF. werbler; of Teut. origin, cp. G. wirblen, to whirl, to warble.

Werchen; see Werke, Werken.

Werd, sb. fate, destiny, S3, B; weird, S3; werðe, S2; wurde, SD; werdis, pl., S3, H, B; wierde, HD, CM; wordis, H; wurðes, S.—AS. wyrd. See Worthen.

Werd, sb. world, WA, S2; see Werld, Ward.

Were, sb. a man, husband, S. Comb.: wer-wolf, wer-wolf, S2; werwolues, pl., S3.—AS. wer, OS. wer; cp. Goth. wair, Lat. uir, OIr. fer.

Were, sb. company, host, S.—Cp. MHG. wer, were: OHG. warí, see Weigand (s.v. wehr). Cf. Ware.

Were, sb. war, H; see Werre.

Were, sb. doubt, S2; see Weir.

Wereged, pp. accursed, S; see Warien.

Wereld, sb. world, S; see World.

Weren, pt. pl. were, S; were, S; wer, S; see Was.

Werien, v. to weary, C3. See Wery.

Werien, v. to wear, PP, S; were, S2, C2; wer, S3; werede, pt. s., C; wered, PP, C2, C3; wered, pp., C2, C3, PP; worne, spent, past, S3.—AS. werian: Goth. wasjan; cp. Icel. verja, to clothe, to invest money, to spend.

Werien, v. to defend, to keep off, S; weren, S, S2, C; werede, pt. s., S2.—AS. werian, OS. werian; cp. OHG. werren, to defend, forbid (Otfrid), weren, to forbid (Tatian).

Werke, sb. work, a work of defence, WA; werk, S, S2, C2, Prompt.; were, S; weorc, S; worc, S2; worke, S2; warke, S3; weorkes, pl., S. Comb.: werk-beeste, jumentum, W2.—AS. (ge)weorc: OS. werk; cp. Icel. virki, an entrenchment.

Werke, v. to work, Prompt.; wirken, S2; werchen, S, S3, C3; wirchen, S; wurchen, S, S2; worchen, W, S2; wrohte, pt. s., S; wroȝte, S, S2; wroght, S2; wraht, S2; wrahtes, 2 pt. s., S; wrogt, pp., S; wrocht, S3; wroght, S2; wroughte, S3; i-wraht, S; i-wrouhte, S; y-wrouȝte, P; y-wroght, C2.—AS. wyrcan, pt. worhte, pp. geworht.

Werke, sb. pain, HD.—AS. wærc (Grein); cp. Icel. verkr.

Werken, v. to ache, WA; werkyn, Prompt.; werchen, S3.—Icel. verkja.

Werkinge, sb. aching; werkynge, H; head-ache, Prompt.; warkynge, H; werkyngis, pl., H.

Werld, sb. world, S, S2; weorld, S; woreld, S; worlde, PP; world, S; wereld, S; wurld, S; worlt, S; wordle, S2, PP; word, S2, PP; werd, WA, S2; werde, Prompt.; weorldes, gen., S; woreldes, S; wereldes, S; werldes, S; werdes, S2; wordles, pl., S2. Comb.: weoreldliche, worldly; weorelldlike, S; worldlich, S; wurldlic, S; worltliche, S; wordliche, S; werdliche, S3; weoreldschipe, worldliness; weorelldshipess, gen., S.—AS. weoruld: OS. werold; cp. OHG. weralt (Tatian).

Wermod, sb. wormwood, Voc.; wermode, SB; wormod (= Lat. absinthium), W; wormode, Voc.; wormwod, Voc.—AS. wermód, (OET.); cp. G. wermuth.

Wern, pt. pl. were, S; see Was.

Wernard, sb. a deceiver, liar, P; wernardes, pl., P.—OF. guernart. See below.

Wernen, v. to refuse, PP, S, S2, G, HD; wurne, S2; warn, H, B, S2, HD; wornde, pt. s., S2.—AS. wyrnan, to refuse (Grein); cp. OS. wernian. Cf. Warnin.

Werpen, v. to throw, to bring forth, S; see Warpen.

Werrayour, sb. warrior, B.—OF. guerreier (BH).

Werre, adj. comp. worse, H, HD; were, JD; wer, B; ware, H, JD; war, JD, B; waur, JD.—Icel. verri.

Werre, sb. war, S, C, C2, H, Cath.; worre, S2; were, H; wer, B; war, B; weir, B, S3. Der.: werely, warlike, S3, JD.—OF. werre (F. guerre); OHG. werra, strife, cp. gi-werri, a tumult (Otfrid).

Werreyen, v. to make war, C2; werray, H, B; warray, B.—OF. werreier, guerroier.

Werrien, v. to make war, SD; weorren, S; worri, S2; waryed, pt. pl., H; werid, H (Ps. 108. 2).—AS. werrían; OF. guerrier (BH). See above.

Werse, adj. comp. worse, S; see Wurse.

Werte, sb. a wart, C, Prompt., Voc.; warte, Cath.; wrette, Prompt.; wrot, Prompt. (n). Comb.: wrot-wort, uerrucaria, Prompt. (n).—AS. wearte (Voc.).

Werwolf, sb. man-wolf; see Were.

Wery, adj. turbid, dirty, S2 (4 a. 38); weary, C2; weri, adv., S. Der.: werinisse, weariness, S2.—AS. wérig, weary. See Worie.

Wes, pt. s. was, S, S2; see Was.

Weschen, v. to wash, S; wessche, S2; wesch, pt. s., S; see Waschen.

Weste, adj. desolate; wesste, sb., wilderness, S.—AS. wéste, desolate (wésten, a desert): OS. wósti; cp. OHG. wuosti (Tatian). Cf. Waste.

Westi, adj. desolate, S.

Westm, sb. fruit, S; see Wastme.

Wet, pron. what, S; see What.

Wether, sb. wether, S2; see Weder.

Wette, pt. s. wetted, C; see Weeten.

Weued, sb. altar, S2.—AS. weofod (for wíh-bedd), idol-table, altar (Voc.), wigbed (Grein), wibed (VP). AS. wíh (wig), idol, sacred place, altar (Grein); cp. Goth. weihs, holy, and G. weih- in weih-nacht, weih-rauch.

Wexen, v. to wax, to grow, S, S2, C3, W, W2; waxen, S, S2; walxis, pr. pl., S3; wex, pt. s., S, S2, S3; weex, C3; wæx, S; wax, S2; wox, S2; wexe, W; wexen, pl., S; wexe, C2; woxen, W; wolx, S3; wexide, pt. s. (weak form), W2; waxen, pp., S; woxen, C2, C3, W; woxe, G; wox, S2.—AS. weaxan, pt. wéox, pp. weaxen.

Wey, sb. way, S, S2, C2; wei, S, S2; weg, S; weie, S; weye, S; we, S2; weies, gen., S; vayis, S2. Comb.: weybrede, plantain, Prompt., Voc. (see Grimm, p. 1215). Phr.: a litill we, a little bit, S2; a wei, a little time, S2 (see SkD, s.v. wee, p. 833).—AS. weg; cp. Goth. wigs.

Weyd, sb. garment, S3; see Wede.

Weye, sb. creature, person, wight, man, PP; wye, PP; wy, PP.—AS. wíga, warrior, man.

Weye, sb. a wey, a weight so called, PP.

Weyen, v. to weigh, to move, PP, C2, S, S2; weie, S2; weiȝen, S; weyen, pp., S2, P; weyede, pt. s. (weak form), S2; weyȝed, P.—AS. wegan, to bear, to move, pt. wæg (pl. wǽgon), pp. wegen.

Weyuen, v. to swing about, to set aside, remove, push aside, waive, C2, C3, G, S2.—AF. weiver; Icel. veifa, to vibrate. Cf. Wayue.

Weyues, sb. pl. men or things found astray without an owner, P.—AF. waif; weifs (pl.). See above.

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Wh

Wha, pron. who, S2; see Who.

Whær, adv. where, S; see Wher.

Whal, sb. whale, W2.—AS. hwæl (Voc.). Cf. Qual.

Whan, adv. interrog., conj. when, S2, C2; whane, S; whanne, S, W; hwanne, S; huanne, S2; hwenne, S; hwan, S; hwen, S; hwon, S; wanne, S, S2; wonne, S; wane, S, S2; wone, S; wan, S; won, S; quanne, S; quane, S; quan, S; quuan, S; quen, S2; quene, S. Comb.: whannse, whensoever, S.—AS. hwanne.

Whanene, adv. whence, S; wanene, S; wenene, S2; whænnenen, S; whenne, S2, C2.—AS. hwanon.

Whannes, adv. whence, S, S2; huannes, S2; whannus, W2; whennys, W; wannes, S2; whennes, C3, P.

What, pron. interrog., adj. n., and adv. what, why, wherefore, S, S3, W; whæt, S, S2; whatt, S; whaut, S2; hwat, S; hwet, S; huet, S2; wat, S, S2; wet, S, S2; quat, S, S2. Comb.: hwat . . . wat, both . . . and, S; wat . . . wat, S; what swa, whatsoever, S; quat so, S; quat kin, what kind, S2; quat als euer, whatsoever, S2.—AS. hwæt.

What, conj. what time, until; wat, S.—Cf. Al-wat.

What, adj. quick, keen, sharp, strenuous, MD; whæt, MD; hwat, MD; wat, MD; adv., S; wate, MD; whate, MD, HD; hwatliche, S; watloker, comp., S2.—AS. hwæt: OS. hwat; cp. Icel. hvatr, OHG. was, sharp (Otfrid).

[Whate], sb. chance, luck; hwate, S, MD; wate, S; quate, HD.—AS. hwat, omen, augury, incitamentum; cp. Icel. hvöt (hvata-). See What, adj.

Whaup, sb. the larger curlew, HD, JD; whaap, JD; whap, JD; quhaup, JD; quhaip, JD; awp, JD; awppis, pl., S3.

Wheen, sb. a number, a quantity, JD; quhene, JD.—Cp. AS. hwéne inst. of hwón, see Sievers, 237. See Woon.

Wheene, adj. pl. few, B.

Whele, sb. wheel, Voc., W2; whiel, CM; whel, C; quhele, S3; hweoles, pl., S. Comb.: quheill-rym, wheel-rim, S3.—AS. hwéol; cp. Gr. κύκλος; see Douse, p. 37.

Whele, sb. a pimple, Prompt., Voc. (790. 27); wheal, SkD; wheale, ‘pupula,’ Manip.; queale, Manip.

Whelen, v. to putrefy, Prompt.—AS. hwelian (BT).

Whelke, sb. a pimple, Voc., Prompt., MD; whelk, Sh.; whelkes, pl., CM, C, SkD (s.v. wheal).

Whelp, sb. a whelp, dog, C2, C3, Prompt.; welp, MD; quelpe, MD; quilpe, MD; qwelpe, Voc.—AS. hwelp.

Whene, v. to lament, MD.—AS. hwǽnan. See Quain.

Whennes, adv. whence, C3, P; see Whannes.

Wher, adv. interrog. and rel. where, S, C2; whare, S2; whær, S; hwer, S; hwar, S; huer, S2; wer, S; war, S; quar, S2 (s.v. si-quar); quhare, S3; quuor, S. Comb.: wheras, where, S3, C2; werbi, whereby, S; werefore, wherefore, S; hwerfore, S; warevore, S, S2; werinne, wherein, S2; huermyde, wherewith, S2; quor-of, whereof, S; whærswa, wheresoever, S; wherso, C2; hwarse, S; hwerse, S; warso, S2; whærsitt, S; quhair-to, wherefore, S3; whærwiþþ, wherewith, S; wareþoru, wherethrough, S2.—AS. hwǽr.

Wher, pron. and conj. whether of the two, whether, S2, C, C2, G, PP; where, PP; whar, S; hwere, S; wer, S2; quer, S2; quhidder, S3; whether, S; hweðer, S. Comb.: wher so, whethersoever, S; queðer so, S.—AS. hwæðer. Cf. Auþer, Æiðer.

Whete, sb. wheat, Voc., C3; hwete, S; wete, S; quete, S2; quet, S2.—AS. hwǽte: Goth. hwaiteis.

Whethen, adv. whence, HD, H; whythyne, HD (p. 929).—Icel. hvaðan.

Whetten, v. to sharpen, CM, Prompt., S3; whætte, pt. s., S, MD; wette, MD. Comb.: whet-stone, Prompt.; whestone, Prompt.; wheston, Voc.; whestones, pl., S2.—AS. hwettan: Icel. hvetja. See What, adj.

Whi, adv. interrog. why, S; wi, S; wy, S; hwi, S; qui, S2.—AS. hwí, inst. of hwá. See Who.

Whicche, a chest, trunk, box; whucche, PP; whyche, Prompt.; hoche, Prompt.—AS. hwicce; ‘Clustella, hwicce;’ Engl. Studien, xi. 65.

Which, pron. interrog. and rel., adj. which, S2; whilk, S2; whillc, S; whulche, S; hwilc, S; hwilch, S; hwich, S; hwuch, S; huych, S; huyche, S2; wulc, S; wilk, S2; wulche, S; woche, S; wuch, S2; wic, S; quilc, S; quilk, S2 (squilk) H; quhilk, S3. Comb.: wilc so, whichsoever, S; hwychso, S.—AS. hwilc (for hwí-líc).

Whider, adv. whither, PP, C2, C; whidir, SkD; whyder, PP; hwider, S; wider, S; quhethir, S2. Comb.: hwiderse, whitherso, S; whider-ward, whitherward, S2; whederward, S2; whydyrward, S2; whederwarde-so, whithersoever, S2.—AS. hwider.

While, sb. a while, duration of time, PP; whyl, C2; hwile, S; hwule, S; wile, S; wyle, S2; wule, S2; quhyle, S3; whyle, adv., for a time, sometimes, formerly, S2; wile, S; wil, S3; quile, conj., S; quhill, S2, S3; wile, S. Comb.: whyle-ere, formerly, S3; whyler, C3.—AS. hwíl, a time, space: cp. Goth. hweila.

Whiles, adv. and conj. whiles, whilst, S2, PP; wiles, S; whyls, C3; hwils, S.

Whilk, pron. which, S2; see Which.

Whilom, adv. sometimes, formerly, C, S2, PP; whilum, PP; whylom, C2; hwilem, S; hwylem, S; wylem, S; quilum, S; quhilum, S3.—AS. hwílum, at times.

Whipling, sb. a murmuring, S3.

Whippe, sb. whip, scourge, SkD; quippe, Voc.; quhyp, S3.

Whippen, v. to move suddenly and quickly, SkD; whypt, pt. s., S3.

Whit, sb. a wight, man, S3; see Wight.

Whitely, adv. quite, H; see Quytly.

Who, pron. interrog. and rel. who, any one, SD, PP; wha, S2; hwo, S; huo, S2; hwa, S; ho, S2; wo, S, S2; wa, S; quho, S3; quha, S2; ȝwo, SD; qva, SD; qvo, SD; qwo, SD. Comb.: who se, who so, S2, PP; hwo se, S; ho se, S2; ho so, P; wo so, S, S2; hwa se, S.—AS. hwá, hwá-swá; cp. Lat. quo-d; see Douse, p. 71.

Whom, pron. interrog. and rel. dat. to whom, C2; wham, S; wam, S; hwom, S; hwam, S; quam, S.—AS. hwám, hwǽm (dat.).

Whon, pron. interrog. and rel. acc. (also dat.), S; whan, SD; hwan, S; wan, S, S2.—AS. hwone (acc.).

Whos, pron. interrog. and rel. gen. whose, C2, W; whas, SD, P; whes, SD; quhais, S3; quhois, S3.—AS. hwæs (gen.).

Whough, interj. whew!, S3; wough, S3.

Whulche, pron. which, S; see Which.

Whyppyltre, sb. cornel-tree, C; see Wyppyl-tre.

Whyrle, sb. whirl, giraculum, Cath. (n). Comb.: whirl-bon, vertebra, SD; whyrlebone, Voc.; whorlebone, Cath.; whyrlewynde, turbo, Prompt.

Whyrlyn, v. to whirl, Prompt.; whirlen, C2; wyrle, S2; quhyrl, S3. Comb.: whirlinge wyndys, whirlwinds, W.—Icel. hvirfla, to whirl.

Whyte, sb. white wine, C3.

Whyte, adj. white, PP, C2; whit, S, C, PP; hwit, S; wit, S; quhite, S3; quhyt, S3; quite, S2; huyter, comp., S2; whittore, S2. Der.: whytnesse, whiteness, C3. Comb.: Witsunnedei, Whitsunday, S; Witesonetid, Whitsuntide, S2.—AS. hwít: cp. Goth. hweits.

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Wi-Wy

Wi, adv. why, S; see Why.

Wicche, sb. sorcerer, magus, sortilegus, also witch, PP; wyche, magus, Prompt., Cath., Voc.; witch, Cath. Comb.: wicchecrafte, PP; wychecraft, Cath., Voc.; wichchecreftes, pl., S.—AS. wicca (m).

Wicht, adj. active, vigorous, S3; see Wight.

Wicke, adj. bad, false, S, S2, PP; wicce, S; wycke, S2; wikke, P, C2, C3; wike, S, S2; wic, S2; wik, S2, H. Der.: wickenesse, iniquity, SD; wickenes, S2; wiknes, S2; wickenesses, pl., S2.

Wicked, adj. depraved, Cath.; wykkyd, Prompt.; wykkid, H (p. 360); wykked, S2; wikked, C2, P; wikkedly, adv., wickedly, C2.

Wid, adj. wide, S; wide, adv., S, PP; wyde, C2, PP; wydder, comp., PP. Der.: wydene, wide, far, S2, PP. Comb.: wydewhere, far and wide, S2, PP; wydewher, C3, G.—AS. wíd; cp. OHG. wít (Tatian).

Wid, prep. against, with, S2; see Wið.

Widewe, sb. widow, PP; wydewe, PP; widwe, C2, C3; wodewe, PP; wedous, pl., S3.—AS. widwe (weoduwe): Goth. widuwo; cp. OHG. wituwá (Tatian).

Wif, sb. woman, wife, S, S2, PP; wyf, C3, PP; wiues, gen., S2, C2; wiue, dat., S; wif, pl., S; wyf, G; wifes, S; wiues, S2, C2. Comb.: wyfhood, womanhood, C2; wifman, woman, S; wimman, S; wymman, S; wiman, S; womman, S, PP; wummon, S; wommanhede, womanhood, C2, C2.—AS. wíf: OHG. wíb (Tatian).

Wig, sb. a beast of burden, a horse, S.—AS. wicg; cp. Icel. viggr (viggja-), also vigg, see Sievers, 247.

Wigelen, v. to reel, stagger, S.

Wight, adj. active, swift, strong, S2, PP, CM, G; wyght, S2; wiȝt, PP; wiht, PP; wyht, Prompt.; wicht, S3; wycht, S3; wict, S; vicht, S2; wyte, Prompt.; wightly, adv., H; wiȝtli, S2; wiȝtliche, S2, P; wihtliche, S2; witly, S2. Der.: wightnesse, alacrity, Cath.

Wight, sb. wight, creature, being, PP, S2, C3; wyght, PP, S2, C3; wiȝt, PP, S; wijȝt, S3; wiht, S, S2; wyht, S2; whit, S3; whiȝt, S3.—AS. wiht, see SkD.

Wiht, sb. a thing, S; wiȝt, S; whit, WW.—AS. wiht (wuht), thing, f. and n.

Wihte, sb. dat. weight, S; see Wyghte.

Wik, sb. a dwelling; wike, pl., S. Comb.: wike-tun, court; wiketunes, pl., S.—AS. wíc; Lat. uicum (acc.).

Wike, sb. week, S, S2, GS, CM, PP; wyke, PP, C, S2; weke, PP, Cath.; woke, W, S2, PP, Prompt., Cath.; wouke, W; wowke, Cath.—AS. wice (wucu); Lat. uicem.

Wike, sb. office, service, SD; pl., S.—Cp. Goth. wiko; Lat. uicem, change, regular succession, office, service.

Wike, sb. pl. the corners of the mouth, S (4 a. 49).—Cf. Icel. munnvik, pl., the corners of the mouth; see CV (s.v. munnr). The word wikes is still in use in this sense at Whitby. See Whitby Glossary (E.D.S.).

Wiken, sb. office, charge; wikenn, S (5. 1113), SD.

Wikenere, sb. officer, SD.

Wiket, sb. a small gate, S, P, CM; wickett, PP; wykett, valva, gate, Cath.; little window, fenestrella, Prompt.; viket, lodium, a lover-window, Cath. (n).—OF. wiket (viquet); cp. ODu. wicket.

Wikke, adj. bad, C2, C3; see Wicke.

Wikked, adj. depraved, bad, C2; see Wicked.

Wil, sb. will, joy, S; Comb.: wilful, desirous, gracious, willing, W, W2; wilfull, S3; wilfulliche, willingly, S; wilfulli, W; wilfully, C3.—AS. (ge)will. Cf. Wille.

Wild, adj. self-willed, untamed, uncultivated, desert, S; wielde, W2; wylde, sb. pl., wild animals, S2. Der.: wilderne, wilderness, SkD; wildrin, desert, belonging to a wilderness, S2; wildernesse, wilderness, SkD; wyldernys, Voc.—AS. wild.

Wile, sb. a while, S; see While.

Wilk, pron. which, S2; see Which.

Will, adj. at a loss, astray, bewildered, B, S2; wil, H; vill, B; wille, adv., S. Phr.: will of red, at a loss in counsel, B; will of wane, at a loss in thought, B; will of wan, S2; vill of vayn, S2.—Icel. villr (for wildr), wild.

Wille, 1 pr. s. will, S, S2; wel, S2; wule, S; wulle, S; wile, pr. s., S, S2; wole, S; wol, S2, C2; wult, 2 pr. s., S; wolt, S, S2, C2; willen, pl., S; willeð, S; wulleð, S; wulle, S; wilen, S; wiln, G; wolleð, S; wole, C2; woln, C. Comb.: ichulle (ich + wulle), S; ich chulle, S; ich chule, S; wiltu (wilt + ðu), S; wilte, S; woltow, C, PP.—AS. wille, 1 and 3 pr. s., wilt, 2 pr. s. See Wolde.

Wille, sb. will, joy, pleasure, S, S2, C2, PP; wylle, PP; willes, gen. as adv. willingly, S; willeliche, adv., willingly, S. Comb.: willesful, wilful, S; willesfol, S2; wylles uol, S2; wylsfully, wilfully, S2. Phr.: mid guode wylle, willingly, S2; in good wille, anxious, G.—AS. willa: Goth. wilja. Cf. Wil.

Willing, sb. desire, C2.

Wilnen, v. to desire, S, S2, S3, C, C2, W, P; wilnien, S; wylny, S2. Der.: wylnynge, desire, S2.—AS. wilnian.

Wilwe, sb. willow-tree, C, Prompt.—AS. welig (Voc.).

Wimman, sb. woman, S; see Wif.

Wimpel, sb. a nun’s veil, S; wympel, C. Comb.: wimpel-leas, wimple-less, S.—Icel. vimpill; cp. AF. guimple.

Wimplin, v. to cover with a wimple, S; y-wimpled, pp., C; i-wimplet, S; y-wympled, C.

Wimplunge, sb. wimpling, S; wimlunge, dat., S.

Winden, v. to wind, twist, turn; wynde, PP; wand, pt. s., SD; wonden, pl., P; wounden, PP; wunden, pp., S; wounden, S; wounde, PP; y-wounden, PP.—AS. windan, pt. wand (pl. wundon), pp. wunden.

Wine, sb. friend; wines, pl., S. Comb.: wine-maies, kinsmen, S.—AS. wine, wine-mǽg.

Winne, sb. joy, S; wynne, HD (p. 933); wunne, S, S2; win, S. Der.: winli, pleasant, S2; winsom, S2.—AS. wynn.

Winnen, v. to win, S, S2, C2; wynne, S2; wyn, S3; vyn, S2; wunien, S; wan, pt. s., S, S2, C2, C3, P; van, S2; wonne, pl., PP, S2; wonnen, pp., C; wonne, C; y-wonne, P; i-wonne, S2; wonen, S2; wune, S2. Der.: wynnyng, gain, W.—AS. (ge)winnan, pt. wan (pl. wunnon), pp. wunnen.

Wirken, v. to work, S2; see Werke.

Wis, adv. indeed, S; wisly, adv., certainly, surely, C, C2, C3.—AS. (ge)wiss. See I-wis.

Wissen, v. to direct, guide, S, S2, S3, CM, P; wyssen, S2; wyssye, S; wisi, S. Der.: wissunge, instruction, S; wissinge, dat., S; wissenge, S.—AS. wissian, wísian: OHG. wîsjan, also uuîsen (Otfrid).

Wiste, pt. s. knew, S, C2, G; wist, pp. known, S3, C2, G; see Witen (1).

Wistynge, sb. learning, H.

Wit, sb. wisdom, intelligence, S, C2; wyt, S; wittes, pl., senses, S, S2, C2; wites, S.—AS. (ge)witt.

Wit, prep. with, S; see Wið.

Wite, sb. blame, S2, H; wyte, C3. See Witen (3).

Witen (1), v. to know, S, S2, W, PP; wyten, S, S2; witte. S2; witt, S3; witt, imp. s., S; wittow, witow, know thou, S2; wute, pl., S; wytene, ger., S2; witynge, pr. p., S2, W; wat, 1 and 3 pr. s., S, S2, S3; wate, H; wait, S3; wot, S, S2, C2; woot, S2, W; wote, S3; woȝt, S2; wost, 2 pr. s., S, C2; wostu, knowest thou, S; wostow, C2; witen, pl., S, W; wyteð, S2; wate, S2; wiste, pt. s., S, C2, G; wisten, pl., S, W; wist, S2, S3; wyst, S2, S3; wuste, pt. s., S, S2; wust, S2; wist, pp., S3, C2, G.—AS. witan, 2 pr. wást, 3 pr. s., wát (pl. witon), pt. wiste (wisse), pp. witen.

Witen (2), v. to observe, keep, guard, S, P, S2; wiste, pt. s., S; wistest, 2 pt. s., S; i-wist, pp., S. See above.

Witen (3), v. to impute, blame, S, S2; wyte, C2.—AS. wítan, to see, to blame (Grein).

Witen (4), v. to depart, to disappear, to dwindle, S, H; wyte, H; wit, S2; ute, let us, S.—AS. (ge)wítan; see Grein. See above.

Witerliche, adv. truly, S; witerlike, S; see Witter.

Wið, prep. against, towards, by, with, S, S2; wid, S, S2; wit, S, S2; wiȝth, S2. Comb.: wiðinnen, within, S; wiðinneforð, inwardly, S3, W; wiððan, provided that, S; wiððat, S, S2; wiðouten, without, S2, S3, W; wiðuten, S; wiðoutenforth, outside, S2; wiðouteforð, S3, W; withoutforth, S2.—AS. wið.

With-clepin, v. to recall, revocare, Prompt.

With-draȝen, v. to withdraw, S; wyðdraȝen, S2; wiðdroȝe, pt. s., S; withdrow, S.

Wiðer, prep. against, SD; adj., hostile, S; sb., resistance, SD. Comb.: wiðerling, adversary, S; wiðerward, contrary, SD; widerwardnesse, opposition, S; wiðerwin, adversary, HD, S2.—AS. wiðer, against.

Wiðeren, v. to resist; wiððreðð, pr. s., S.—AS. wiðerian.

Wiði, sb. a willow, a flexible twig, a withy, SD, SkD; wythy, Voc.; widdie, a rope made of twigs of willows, a halter, a whip made of twigs, JD. Comb.: wythe-bonde, boia, chain for prisoners, Prompt.; weðe-bondes, gen., S2; wið-winde, convolvulus, SD; withewyndes, gen., S2 (p. 334), P.—AS. wiðig, willow, wiðwinde, ‘viticella,’ Voc.; cp. ODu. wedewinde.

With-seye, v. to contradict, renounce, wythsay, HD (p. 935); wiðseggen, S, S2.

Wið-stod, pt. s. stood beside, S2; withstode, pl., resisted, PP.

With-take, v. to reprove, H; withtoke, pt. s., H.

With-takere, sb. reprover, H.

Witien, v. to keep, S2; wited, pt. s., S2. Der.: witunge, care-taking, S.—AS. witian, ‘providere’ (Grein).

Witing, sb. knowledge, C2. See Witen (1).

Witiȝe, sb. seer, prophet, S; witeȝe, S.—AS. wítiga, from wítan, to see; cp. OHG. wízago (Tatian) from wízan, to see (Otfrid). See Witen (3).

Witter, adj. wise, skilful, S; wyter, S2; witerliche, adv., truly, wisely, S; witerlike, S; witterly, clearly, P, HD; witerrlike, S; witterlike, S; witerli S2; witirly, H.—Icel. vitr, vitrliga.

Witti, adj. skilful, W2.—AS. wittig.

Wit-word, sb. covenant, H; witeword, S2.

Wiȝt, sb. creature, thing, S; see Wight.

Wlaffyng, sb. babbling, S2.

Wlanc, adj. proud, fine, grand, S2; wlonk, S2; wlonke, fine woman, HD.—AS. wlanc (OET).

Wlappen, v. to wrap, W, W2; lappen, W, H, Cath., SkD, HD.

Wlatien, v. to feel disgust, to abominate, W, W2, S2, HD; wlathid, pt. s. H.—AS. wlætian.

Wlat-some, adj. disgusting, abominable, S2, HD; wlatsom, C; wlatsum, S2; latsom, S2; wlathsum, H.

Wlatunge, sb. disgust, SD; wlathyngis, pl., abominations, H.—AS. wlátung, nausea (OET).

Wlech, adj. warm, S.—AS. wlæc.

Wlite, sb. beauty, splendour, form, hue, face, S.—AS. white (OET).

Wliten, v. to see, SD; wlyteð, pr. pl., S2.—AS. wlítan; cp. Icel. líta.

Wlonk, adj. fine, grand, S2; see Wlank.

Wluine, sb. she-wolf, S. See Wolf.

Wo, interj., wo!, SD; way, S; wei, S; wi, S. Comb.: wo la wo, an exclamation of sorrow, S; weylaway, S2, C3; weilawei, S; wailawai, S; wayloway, G; walawai, S; wele away, S3.—AS. wá: Goth. wai; cp. OHG. wê (Otfrid), Icel. vei.—AS. wá lá wá.

Wo, sb. also used as adj. woe, sorrowful, S, S2, C2, C3; wa, S, S2, B. Phr.: wo begon, surrounded with woe, SkD; wa worth, B; wo worthe, SD.—AS. wéa.

Woc, adj. weak, S; wooc, SkD.—AS. wác. See Wayke.

Woc, pt. s. woke, S; see Waken.

Woche, pron. which, S; see Which.

Wode, sb. wood, tree, S, S2, C2, PP; wod, S2; vod, S2; wude, S. Comb.: wode-bynde, woodbine, SkD; woode-bynde, caprifolium, Prompt., C; wod-bynde, S2 (p. 476); woode-lynde, linden-tree in a wood, G; wode-roue, woodruff, S2; woode-rys, brushwood, G; woode-schawe, thicket of the wood, G; wude-side, wood-side, S; vode-syde, S2; wode-wale, the name of a bird, also called wit-wall, Prompt., HD; wude-wale, S; wode-wose, a satyr, faun, SD, Voc., Prompt. (n); wode-wese, Prompt.; wod-wose, WA.—AS. wudu; cp. OIr. fid (Windisch).

Wode, sb. woad, S, Prompt.; wod, SkD; wad, gaudo Prompt.—AS. wád.

Wode, adj. mad, raging, S, S2, S3, C; wod, S, S2, H; wood, C2, C3, S3; woode, W; wodly, adv., madly, C. Der.: wodnes, madness, S2, H; wodenesse, S2; woodnesse, C3, W. Comb.: wodewrothe, madly angry, S3.—AS. wód: Goth. wods; cp. OHG. wuot.

Woden, sb. name of a Teutonic deity, S. Comb.: Wodnes-dei, Wednesday, SD; Wednes dai, SD; wendes dei, S.—AS. Wóden; cp. OHG. Wuotan, Icel. Óðinn.

Woh, adj. crooked, wrong; woȝe, S; woȝhe, pl., S. Adv. phr.: mid wohe, wrongfully, S; mid gret wou, S2; wiðð woȝhe, S; wið wou, S2; on wowe, S.—AS. wóh, crooked.

Woh, sb. wrong, S; wouche, S3; wowe, pl., S2.—AS. wóh, iniquity.

Woke, sb. week, W, S2; see Wike.

Wol, pr. s. will, S2; see Wille.

Wol, adv. well, very, S; see Wel.

Wolcne, sb. pl. clouds, the sky, S; see Welkene.

Wold, sb. power, meaning, force, S, S2.—AS. (ge)weald.

Wolde, sb. wold, open country, country, S, Prompt.—AS. weald, wood, forest: OS. wald.

Wolde, pt. s. was desirous, was willing, would, S, S2, C2; wulde, S; walde, S; wald, S2, B; wlde, S2; woldes, 2 pt. s., S; wolden, pl., S; wolde, S, C2; wulde, S; wuld, S2; walden, S; vald, S2, B.—AS. wolde, pt. s. of willan. See Wille.

Wolf, sb. wolf, PP; wlf, S; wlfe, Voc.; wolwes, pl., S2; wulues, gen., S. Comb.: wolues-heed, wolf’s head, outlaw, G.—AS. wulf; cp. Icel. úlfr.

Wolle, sb. wool, S, S2, C3, P. Comb.: wolle-ward, with the skin against the wool, SkD; wolward, S3; woolward, ND; wolle-websteres, wool-weavers, P.—AS. wull: Goth. wulla.

Wollen, adj. woollen, P.

Wolt, 2 pr. s. wilt, S; see Wille.

Wolx, pt. s. grew, S3; see Wexen.

Wombe, sb. venter, alvus, uterus, Prompt., S, S2, S3, C2, C3, P; wambe, S3.—AS. wamb: Goth. wamba, the belly.

Won, adj. wan, S2; see Wan.

Wonden, v. to turn aside, to fear, to hesitate, S, S2; wayndyt, pt. s., S3.—AS. wandian.

Wonder, adj. fearful, wonderful, S, S2, C2; adv., C3; wounder, S2; vounder, S2; wondir, S3, H; wunder, sb., a wonder, S; wounder, S2; wunder, pl., awful wickednesses, S. Der.: wunderlice, wonderful, S; wunderliche, adv., S; wonderlyche, S2; wonderly, C; wunderlicheste, superl., S; wunderlukeste, S. Phr.: to wundre, wrong, S.

Wondrien, v. to wonder; wondrye, S2; wondre, C; wundrien, S.—AS. wundrian.

Wondringe, pres. p. wandering, S2; see Wandren.

Wone, sb. dwelling, PP, S2, S3; won, S2; woon, S3; wun, S3; woanes, pl., S; wanes, S, S2. See Wonen.

Wone, sb. custom, habit, PP, S, S2; wune, S.—AS. (ge)wuna.

Wone, sb. want, loss, misery, S; see Wane.

Wone, adj. one, S3 (7. 97); see Oon.

Woned, pp. accustomed, S, S3; see I-woned.

Wonen, v. to dwell, PP, S, S2; wonien, S, S2, PP; wunien, S; wonyand, pr. p., S2; wonnand, S2; wounnand, S3. Der.: wonynge, dwelling, PP, S; woning, C, S2; wonyinge, S2; wunienge, pl., S.—AS. wunian.

Wonen, v. to weep, lament, SD; wanen, SD. Der.: wonyng, lamentation, S.—AS. wánian; cp. OHG. weinón (Tatian).

Wonge, sb. territorium, Prompt.; wong, low land, HD; wonges, pl., meadows, S.—AS. wang, a plain, field; cp. Goth. waggs, a field, paradise.

Wonge, sb. a cheek, SD, JD; wonges, pl., S2. Comb.: wange-toothe, molar tooth, molaris, Prompt.; wongtothe, Voc.; wangtooth, C2; wank-teeth, pl., W2; wangtotht, geminus, molaris, Voc.—AS. wange (wonge); cp. OHG. wanga (Tatian).

Wonger, sb. pillow, C2, CM. See above.

Wonne, adv., conj. when, S; see Whanne.

Wonne, Wonnen, pp. of Winnen.

Wonteð, pr. s. is lacking, S; see Wanten.

Wonung, sb. waning, S.—AS. wonung, wanung. See Wanen.

Wood, adj. mad, C2, C3, S3; see Wode.

Wooden, v. to be mad, to look madly, CM, C3.

Woon, sb. a small quantity, a few, a quantity, a number, S2, G, PP; wone, S2; woone, Prompt.; wane, S2, S3; won, PP; quhone, B. Comb.: good woon, abundantly, G; good won, PP.—AS. hwón (adj. used as sb.). Cf. Wheen.

Wop, sb. crying, loud lament, S, S2.—AS. wóp.

Wopen, pp. wept, C2; see Wepen.

Wopne, sb. urine, HD, Prompt. See Wepne.

Wopned, pp. armed, S; see Wapnen.

Worc, sb. work, S2; see Werk.

Worchen, v. to work, W, S2; see Werke.

Word, sb. beginning, CM (3. 224); see Ord.

Worde, sb. word, Prompt.; word, pl., S; weord, S; weordes, S; wordes, S.—AS. word; cp. OHG. wort (Tatian).

Wore, pt. pl. were, S2; see Was.

Woreld, sb. world, S; wordle, S2; see Werld.

Worie, adj. turbid, dirty, S; wori, S.—From AS. wór, a swampy place, perhaps identical with wós, mire, see SkD (s.v. weary). Cf. Wose.

Worm, sb. reptile, worm, snake, S, S2, C3; wurm, S; werm, S; wirm, insect, S.—AS. wyrm: OHG. wurm (Tatian); cp. Goth. waurms; see Douse, p. 56.

Wormod, sb. wormwood, W; see Wermod.

Worne, pp. spent, past, lit. worn, S3; see Werien.

Worowen, v. to choke, strangle, worry, Prompt., Cath., S2, SkD; worry, HD; wyrry, S3; wirry, SkD.—AS. wyrgan, to strangle, worry (in compounds): OHG. wurgan. Cf. Warh.

Worpare, sb. thrower, S.

Worpen, v. to throw, S; see Warpen.

Worre, sb. war, S2; see Werre.

Worri, v. to make war, S2; see Werrien.

Worschipen, v. to honour, S2; worshepen, PP; wurschepen, S2. See Worth.

Wort, sb. a plant, vegetable; wortes, pl., S2, S3, C; wortis, S2, S3, W, W2.—AS. wyrt: OS. wurt; cp. Goth. waurts, root, and Lat. rādix; see Brugmann, § 306, and Douse, p. 56.

Worth, adj. worth, esteemed, worthy, PP; wurth, S; wurthe, S, S2. Der.: worthi, PP; wurðy, S2; worþly, worthy, PP, S2; worðely, S3; wurðliche, honourably, S; worðliche, S; wurthmint, honour, S; wurðscipe, worship, honour, S; worðssipe, S2; worschupe, S2; worsipe, S; wurschipe, S.—AS. weorð; cp. Goth. wairths.

Worth, sb. value, worth, honour, PP; wurrþe, dat., S.—AS. weorð.

Worthen, v. to become, to be, to dwell, PP, S2, S3, G; wurðen, S; weorðen, S2; worst, 2 pr. s., PP; wurstow, thou shalt be, PP; wurstu, S; worth, pr. s., S2, PP; wurð, S; wrþ, S; vorthis, S2; wurðeð, S; worthe, pt. s., PP; worth, S2, PP; worthed, S3; vorthit, S2; warð, S; wart, S; ward, S; wærd, S.—AS. weorðan, pt. s. wearð (pl. wurdon), pp. (ge)worden; cp. Goth. wairthan.

Wose, sb. ooze, slime, PP, Prompt.; woose, Cath. (n); wase, alga, Cath.—AS. wáse (SkD. s.v. ooze), and wase (OET): OHG. waso; whence OF. wason, gason (F. gazon); see Kluge (s.v. wasen).

Wot, 1 and 3 pr. s. know, knows, S, S2; wost, 2 pr. s. knowest, S, C2; see Witen (1).

Wouke, sb. week, W; see Wike.

Wound, sb. wound, PP, C2; wund, S.—AS. wund.

Wounden, v. to wound, S3; wowndyn, Prompt.; y-wounded, pp., S3; i-wundet, S.—AS. wundian.

Wout, sb. a vault, Voc., HD.—OF. voute (BH); Late Lat. uolta.

Wowe, sb. wall, paries, murus, Prompt., PP; woȝe, S; waghe, HD, H; waȝhe, S; wawe, S; wah, S. Comb.: waheles, wall-less, S; waȝherifft, veil of the temple, S.—AS. wáh; cp. ODu. waeg, see SkD (s.v. wainscot, p. 833); cp. also Goth. waddjus.

Wowe, sb. pl. wrongs, S2; see Woh.

Wowen, v. to incline any one to one’s own wishes, to woo, S2, C3, P, W2, S3; woȝe, S.—AS. wógian (SkD, s.v. woo), from wóh. See Woh.

Wower, sb. wooer, S3; wowar, S3; wouwere, PP; woweres, pl., PP.—AS. wógere (Voc.).

Wox, pt. s. grew, S2; see Wexen.

Wrablis, sb. pl. warblings, S2; see Werble.

Wraht, pt. s. of Werke.

Wrak, sb. that which is driven ashore, wreck, S2, S3, C3; rac, driven vapour, rack, S2, SkD; rack, Sh.—AS. wræc. Cf. Wreche and Wreken.

Wranne, sb. wren, S; see Wrenne.

Wrastlen, v. to wrestle, C, S2, G, PP; wraskle, PP; wrastylle, Cath.; wraxle, Voc. Der.: wrastling, wrestling, C2, G; wrastelyng, G.—AS. wrǽstlian (oftener wráxlian), from wrǽstan, to wrest, from wrǽst, firm, strong. Wrǽst is for wrǽðt, from wráð, pt. of wríðan, see Sievers, 232. See Wrythen.

Wrað, adj. wroth, S; see Wroth.

Wraðði, v. to get angry, S; see Wreððen.

Wraw, adj. perverse, angry, fierce, SD, Prompt., C3, CM, HD; wrau, SD. Cf. Wro.

Wrawid, pp. perverse, peevish, WA.

Wrawnesse, sb. fierceness, Prompt., CM.

Wrecche, sb. also as adj. wretch, miserable, S, S2, C, PP; wreche, S, S2, CM; wrecce, S. Comb.: wreccehed, wretchedness, S; wrecchede, S2.—AS. wrecca, an outcast, exile. See Wreken.

Wrecched, adj. wretched, S, PP; wriched, S. Comb.: wrecchednesse, misery, C2, C3, PP.

Wreche, sb. vengeance, misery, S, S2, C2, C3; wrache, S; wræche, S; wreke, S2; wrake, S2, PP; wrac, S2; wrick, S2. Comb.: wrakful, full of vengeance, S2.—AS. wracu, vengeance, misery, also wræc, exile, misery. See Wreken.

Wreken, v. to urge, wreak, drive, punish, avenge, S, S2, C2, C3, PP; wræken, S; wrak, pt. s., G; wreken, pp., S2, PP; wreke, G, PP; wroken, PP, WA; wroke, PP, HD; i-wroken, G.—AS. wrecan, pt. wræc (pl. wrǽcon), pp. wrecen; cp. Goth. wrikan, to persecute.

Wreker, sb. avenger, S2.

Wrenche, sb. a twist, trick, deceit, S, S2, S3, C3; wrink, S3; wrenkis, pl., WA.—AS. wrenc (wrence).

Wrenchen, v. to turn, twist, S. Der.: wrinching, wrenching, struggling, S3.—AS. wrencan.

Wrengðe, sb. distortion, S. See Wringen.

Wrenne, sb. wren, Voc.; wranne, S.—AS. wrenna, wrǽnna.

Wreon, v. to cover; wre, CM; wreo, pr. s. subj., S.—AS. wréon, pt. wréah (pl. wrugon), pp. wrogen, see Sievers, 383. Cf. Wrihen.

Wreten, pp. of Wryten.

Wreth, sb. wrath, S2, H; wraþþe, PP, S. Comb.: wreðful, wrathful, S, S2; wraððelees, S2.—ONorth. wrǽððo. See Wroth.

Wrethe, sb. wreath, C.—AS. wrǽð. See Wrythen.

Wreððen, v. to become angry, to make angry, S; wreaððin, S; wraððin, S, S2, G; wreðen, S, S2, H. Der.: wrath-thing, provocation, W.

Wrien, v. to twist, bend, CM, SkD (s.v. wry); wrye, S3, PP.—AS. wrigian, to drive, bend.

Wrigt (in compounds), an accusation. Comb.: wrigtful, guilty, S; wrigteles, without an accusation; wrigteleslike, causelessly, S.—Cp. AS. wróht, an accusation, from the pt. of (ge)wrégan, to accuse (cp. sécan, pt. sóhte).

Wrihels, sb. a covering, veil; wriheles, S; wriels, SD.—AS. wrígels.

Wrihen, v. to cover, S; wrie, CM; wrien, pr. pl., S.—AS. *wríhan, pt. wráh (pl. wrigon), pp. wrigen; cp. OHG. ríhan (Tatian). Cf. Wreon.

Wrikken, v. to twist to and fro, to move about, SkD (s.v. wriggle); wrickede, pt. s., S2.

Wringen, v. to wring, press, S, S2, C2; wrang, pt. s., S; wrong, S, S2, S3, C3; wronge, P; wrongen, pl., S2; wrong, pp., S.—AS. wringan, pt. wrang (pl. wrungon), pp. wrungen.

Writelinge, sb. trilling (of a nightingale), S.

Wro, sb. that which is crooked, a corner, HD; wroo, HD; wra, WA; wraa, WA; wray, WA, NQ (6. 12. 252).—Cp. Icel. rá (for vrá). See Wraw.

Wrohte, pt. s. of Werke.

Wrong, pp., adj. and sb. twisted awry, wrong, a wrong, S, PP; wrang, PP. Comb.: wrongwis, unjust, wicked, H, S; wrangwis, S2; wrangwislie, wrongly, S2; wrongwisly, PP; wrangwisnes, iniquity, S2. See Wringen.

Wroot, Wrot, pt. s. of Wryten.

Wroth, pt. s. of Wrythen.

Wroth, adj. wroth, fearful, S, C3, PP; wrað, S, S2, H; wroþer, comp., PP, HD; wrothe, adv., angrily, evilly, S, G; wroðliche, wrathfully, S2; wroðly, S2; wroðely, S2; wrathly, H. Comb.: wrothirhaile, calamity, WA. Phr.: to wraðer heale, to evil fortune, bad luck, S; to wroþer hele, PP.—AS. wráth.

Wryt, sb. writing, S; writ, S; writte, S2.—AS. (ge)writ.

Wryten, v. to write, C2; writen, S; wright, S3; wrot, pt. s., S, S2, PP; wroot, C2, C3; wrate, S, H; wroten, pl., W; writen, C2; wryten, pp., PP; writen, S, C2, C3; write, S; wryte, S2; wreten, S2; y-writen, S2; y-write, S2; i-wryten, S; i-writen, S.—AS. wrítan, pt. wrát (pl. wríton), pp. writen.

Wrythen, v. to writhe, twist, Prompt., S2; wroth, pt. s., PP; writhen, pl., W; wrythen, S; pp., PP; writhun, W; i-wriþen, S2. Der.: wrything, turning, C2.—AS. wríðan, pt. wráð (pl. wriðon), pp. wriðen.

Wu-; see also Wo-, Wou-.

Wuch, pron. which, S2; wulc, S; see Which.

Wude, sb. wood, tree, S; see Wode.

Wule, sb. while, S2; see While.

Wule, 1 pr. s. will, S; see Wille.

Wundi, adj. rid of, S; windi, S.

Wune, adj. accustomed, S.

Wunien, v. to dwell, S; see Wonen.

Wunne, sb. joy, S, S2; see Winne.

Wurne, v. to refuse; see Wernen.

Wurse, adj., adv. comp. worse, S; wurs, S, G; werse, S; wers, CM, S, H (p. 269); wærse, S; wrse, S; wurse, sb., the devil, S; worse, S.—AS. wyrs.

Wursien, v. to become worse, take hurt, S; i-wursed, pp., S.—AS. wyrsian.

Wurst, adv. superl. worst, S; wurste, adj. S; werste, S; werst, W2; warst, H (p. 269); werest, S; wrst, S. Worste (= Lat. nequissimi = Gr. τοῦ πονηροῦ, i.e. the devil), W.—AS. wyrst.

Wurðen, Wurstu, Wurð; see Worthen.

Wurðien, v. to honour, S; wurrþenn, S; wurðeð, pr. s., S; wurðeden, pt. pl., S. Der.: wurðing, honour, S.—AS. wurðian, weorðian, from weorð. See Worth.

Wuschen, v. to wish, S2, PP; wusshen, PP; wisshen, PP.—AS. wýscan, from wúsc: OHG. wunsc, a wish; see Sievers, 185.

Wute, imp. pl. know, S; see Witen (1).

Wy, adv. why, S; see Whi.

Wydder, v. to wither, S3; see Wederen.

Wye, sb. a man, PP; wy, S3, P; wyȝe, S2; weiȝh, S2; wiȝes, pl., S2; wies, S2.—AS. wíga, warrior, man. See Weye.

Wygge, sb. a small cake or bun, Prompt.; wigg, HD.

Wyghte, sb. weight, HD, PP, C3; wyhte, S; wiȝte, PP; wihte, S.—AS. (ge)wiht.

Wylem, adv. formerly, S; see Whilom.

Wyn, sb. wine, S, C; wyne, dat., S. Comb.: wyn-ape, ape-wine, vin de singe, C3; win-iærd, vineyard, S; wynȝord, S2; win-tre, vine, S.—AS. wín; Lat. uinum.

Wynd, sb. wind, S; wynt, S2.—AS. wind: Goth. winds: Lat. uentus; see Curtius, No. 587.

Wyndas, sb. windlass, Prompt., C2.—Icel. vind-áss, a pole which can be wound round.

Wyndewen, v. to winnow, W2; wyndowen, S2; windwen, S; wynewen, W. Comb.: wynwe-schete, winnowing-sheet, S3.—AS. windwian (OET). See Wynd.

Wyne-grapis, sb. pl. vine-grapes, S3 (13. 99).

Wynk, sb. sleep, nap, PP; wink, PP, S2.

Wynken, v. to wink, nod, sleep, PP, Prompt.; winke, C2; vynke, S2. Der.: wynkynge, fit of sleepiness, PP.

Wyppyl-tre, sb. the cornel-tree, CM (2. 90); whyppyltre, C.—Cp. MLG. wipel-bom, the cornel-tree (Pritzel).

Wyrle, v. to whirl, S2; see Whyrlyn.

Wys, adj. wise, PP, S2; wis, S, S2; viss, S2; wisliche, adv., S. Der.: wisdom, learning, S.—AS. wís, Goth. weis.

Wyse, sb. mode, manner, C2, S2; wise, S, S2; wis, S; wes, S; viss, S2. Comb.: ryghtwis, righteous, PP; wrongwis, PP.—AS. wíse.

Wyue, v. to take to wife, C2; wiuen, S; wyued, pp., married, PP.—AS. wífian.

Wyuere, sb. a serpent, CM.—OF. wivre, vivre (F. givre); Lat. uipera; see BH, § 150.

Wywere, sb. a fishpond, Voc.; wayowre, piscina, Prompt.—OF. vivier; Lat. uiuarium; cp. OHG. wîwâri (Tatian), G. weiher; see Kluge.

X.

X is written in some MSS. for sh. It constantly occurs in the Coventry Mysteries, as in xal, xalt, xuld, &c.; see HD.

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Y

Y, at the beginning of words, often represents an older Ȝ, under which letter Y-words may in some cases be found.

Y-, prefix; see Ȝe.

Yald, pt. s. of Ȝelden.

Yane, v. to yawn, HD, Palsg.; see Ganien.

Yare, adv. soon, S2, Sh.; see Ȝare.

Yate, sb. gate, C2, S3; see Gate.

Yawle, v. to howl, HD; see Ȝoulen.

Ychan, each one, HD; ychone, HD; see Eche.

Yche, adj. the same, S2; see Ilke.

Ydolastre, sb. idolater, C2.—Cp. OF. idolâtre (Cotg.); Church Lat. idolatra (Vulg.).

Ydolatrie, sb. idolatry, PP.—Church Lat. idolatria (Vulg.).

Ydole, sb. idol, C3; ydoles, pl., C3.—Church Lat. idōlum (Vulg.); Gr. εἴδωλον (LXX); cp. OF. idle, ydle (Roland); Late Lat. ídolum (accented as in Greek).

Ydre, sb. hydra, water-snake, WA.—OF. ydre; Lat. hydra; Gr. ὕδρα.

Ydres, sb. pl. water-pots (= Lat. hydriae), S.—Gr. ὑδρίαι; cp. OF. ydrie (Ducange).

Ye, sb. eye, Voc., HD; see Eȝe.

Yeant, sb. giant, HD; see Geaunt.

Yeddinges, pl. romances, songs, C; see Ȝeddynge.

Yede, pt. s. went, S, S2, S3, C3; see Eode, Ȝeode.

Yeer, sb. year, C2; see Ȝeer.

Yef, if, S, S2; see Ȝif.

Yefte, sb. a gift, S; see Ȝift.

Yeir, pl. years, S2; see Ȝeer.

Yelde, sb. a payment, S; see Gild.

Yelde-halle, sb. guild-hall, CM, C.

Yelden, v. to yield, pay, C2; see Ȝelden.

Yelderes, sb. pl. debtors, S2.

Yeldinges, sb. pl. payments, debts, S2.

Yelleden, pt. pl. yelled, C; see Ȝellen.

Yelpe, v. to boast, C; see Ȝelpen.

Yelwe, adj. yellow, C; see Ȝelow.

Yeman, sb. retainer, C; see Ȝoman.

Yeme, sb. an uncle, HD; see Eem.

Yemen, v. to heed, S; see Ȝemen.

Yemer, adj. sad, S; see Ȝemer.

Yemernesse, sb. sadness, S.

Yen, sb. pl. eyes, HL; see Eȝe.

Yep, adj. prompt, quick, HD; yepe, HD; see Ȝape.

Yer, conj. ere, before, S3; see Er.

Yerd, sb. an enclosure, S, C; see Ȝerd.

Yerde, sb. rod, C2; yeorde, S; see Ȝerde.

Yere, sb. ear, HD; see Ere.

Yerle, sb. earl, S3; see Erl.

Yerly, adv. early, S3; see Erly.

Yerne, adj. desirous, CM; see Ȝerne.

Yerthe, sb. earth, S3; see Erthe.

Yeste, sb. gest, tale, HD; see Geste.

Yete, conj. yet, S; yet, C3; see Ȝet.

Yeuen, v. to give, S; see Ȝiuen.

Yftles, adj. giftless, HD. See Ȝift.

Yh- is written in some MSS. for y-; see HD.

Yheden, pt. pl. went, S2; see Eode.

Yhode, went, S2; see Eode.

Ying, adj. young, S3, G, B; see Ȝong.

Yis, adv. yes, C2; see Ȝis.

Yistirday, yesterday, PP; see Ȝister-.

Yit, conj. yet, C2, C3; see Ȝet.

Y-kuenct, pp. quenched, S2; see Quenchen.

Ylaste, pt. s. of Ȝe-lesten.

Y-leuen, v. to believe, S2.—AS. ge-lýfan. See Leuen.

Y-liche, adv. alike, C2; see Iliche.

Ylk-oon, each one, HD; see Eche.

Ylonde, sb. island, S2; ilond, SkD.—AS. íg-land; íg, watery land, island, from OTeut. stem *auja, see Sievers, 99.

Y-mone, sb. company, S.—AS. ge-mána, ‘societas’ (Voc.).

Ympe, sb. a graft, scion, offspring, HD, PP, H; impe, Prompt., ND; imp, S3, TG.—AS. impe (BT); Low Lat. impotus, a graft; Gr. ἔμφυτος engrafted; cp. F. ente.

Ympen, v. to graft, PP; ympyd, pp., H, Prompt. Der.: ympynge, graft, scion, H; impynge, Prompt.

Ympne, sb. hymn, CM, HD.—OF. ymne; Church Lat. hymnum (Vulg.); Gr. ὕμνος see Brugmann, § 131. See Impne.

Ynkirly, adv. particularly, B; see Enkerly.

Ynow, adj., sb., and adv. enough, S2, C2, W, PP; ye-noughe, S3; inoh, S; ynoh, S2; ynou, S2, S; ynow, S3; ynouȝ, S2; innoh, S; inow, S; inouh, S; inou, S2; inoȝe, S; inoȝh, S; ynouh, S; ynowȝ, W; innoghe, S2; ynough, C2; inough, C; onoh, S; anough, CM; ynewe, HD; anew, S3; ynewch, S3; eneuch, S3; inouwe, pl., S2.—AS. genóh; cp. OHG. gi-nuht, abundance (Tatian).

Ynwyt, sb. understanding, conscience, HD; see Inwyt.

Yod, pt. s. went, S2; see Eode, Ȝeode.

Yolden, pp. of Ȝelden.

Yolle, v. to yell, C; see Ȝellen.

Yollyng, sb. yelling, clamour, C; see Ȝellen.

Yond, adv. yonder, S2, C2; see Ȝond.

Yonge, adj. young, S, C2; see Ȝong.

Yonghede, sb. youth, S; see Ȝonghede.

Yore, adv. formerly, S2, S3, C2; see Ȝore.

Yornyng, sb. desire, S3; see Ȝerning.

Youngth, sb. youth, S3; see Ȝongth.

Youngthly, adj. youthful, S3. See Ȝongthe.

Youthe, sb. youth, C2; yowthe, S2; see Ȝouthe.

Yow, pron. pl. acc. and dat. you, S, C2; see Ȝou.

Yow, sb. ewe, CM.—AS. eowu: Goth. awi; see Sievers, 106.

Yoye, v. to joy, HD; see Ioien.

Ypocrysie, sb. hypocrisy, PP; ypocrisye, C3.—AF. ipocrisie.

Ypocryte, sb. hypocrite, C2.—OF. ypocrite; Lat. hypocrita (Vulg.); Gr. ὑποκριτής.

Y-rayled, pp. covered, S3. See Reȝel.

Yre, sb. anger, H; iris, pl., W2.—Lat. ira.

Yreyne, sb. spider, W2; see Aranye.

Yrk, v. to make tired, to become tired, H: irkyn, fastidior, Prompt.; erke, SD; irkyt, 1 pt. s., S3; irked, pt. s., SD.—Swed. yrka; cp. Lat. urgere.

Yrk, adj. oppressed, tired, S3; irke, SkD. Comb.: irkesum, fastidiosus, Prompt.; irkesumnesse, fastidium, Prompt.

Yrous, adj. angry, H.

Ysche, v. to issue, to go forth, B; see Ische.

Yse, sb. ice, CM, H (Ps. 148. 8); iys, W2; ijs, S3; yse, dat., S2.—AS. ís.

Ysels, sb. pl. ashes, HD.—AS. ysle (Grein); see Curtius, No. 610. See Isle.

Ysope, sb. hyssop, W2, Voc.; ysoop, HD; ysoppe, Voc.—OF. ysoppe (Ps. 50. 7); Lat. hyssopum (Vulg.); Gr. ὕσσωπος.

Ysue, sb. issue, P; issue, PP.—AF. issue, pp. f. of issir; Lat. ex-ire. See Ische.

Ythen, adj. busy, B; ythand, B.—Icel. iðinn.

Yþez, sb. pl. waves, S2, HD; ythes, WA; see Uthe.

Y-tiȝt, pp. made tight, S3; see Thyhtyn.

Yugement, sb. judgment, HD; see Iugement.

Yuel, adj. and sb. evil, S, S2, W, W2, C3; uuel, S2, S; iuel, S, W2, S2; euel, S, W2, S2; eueyl, S2; ufel, S; yuels, pl., S2; the yuele (= malignus, i.e. the devil), W.—AS. yfel: OS. ubil (Tatian).

Yuele, adv. evilly, W; uuele, S2; euele, S.

Yuer, sb. ivory, W, W2; yuor, HD; yuour, HD; see Euour.

Yuory, sb. ivory, Prompt.; see Euorye.

Yȝe, sb. eye, HD; see Eȝe.

Ȝ (pronounced as y).

Ȝa, adv. yea, S, PP, S2, H; see Ȝea.

Ȝæn, prep. against, in comparison with, S; see Ȝeyn.

Ȝaf, pt. s. of Ȝiuen.

Ȝal, pt. s. yelled, S2; see Ȝellen.

Ȝape, adj. vigorous, strong, keen, bold, WA.—AS. geap, astute, bold (BT).

Ȝare, adv. formerly, S; see Ȝore.

Ȝare, adj. ready, S, S2, G; yare, HD; ȝaru, S; ȝarowe, S; ȝare, adv., soon, S, G; yare, S2, Sh.—AS. gearo.

Ȝarken, v. to prepare, S, S2, WA; ȝarrkenn, S; gerken, S; giarkien, S; ȝearceon, S; ȝeirken, S; ȝarketh hym, pr. s. reflex., P; ȝæarced, pp., S; i-garcket, S; iȝarked, S; giarked, S.—AS. gearcian.

Ȝarm, sb. cry, S2.—Icel. jarmr, a crying.

Ȝarme, v. to scream, yell, bellow, WA, HD.

Ȝarowe, sb. milfoil, millefolium, herb for nose-bleeding, Prompt.; yarowe, Palsg., Manip.; ȝarow, Voc.; ȝarrow, S3.—AS. gearwe (Voc.): OHG. garawa, garwa.

Ȝarowe, adj. ready, S; ȝaru, S; see Ȝare.

Ȝate, sb. gate, S2, G, H, WA; yat, HD; see Gate.

Ȝe-, a prefix before verbs and substantives.—AS. ge-. [In ME. the equivalents of ge-, viz. Ȝe-, I-, Y-, Hi-, A-, E-, are often found prefixed to past participles. For words beginning with this particle see in many cases the uncompounded form.]

Ȝe, pron. ye, S, S2, PP; ye, C2; ge, S; yhe, S2; ȝeo, S; ȝie, S.—AS. ge. See also Ȝou, Ȝoure.

Ȝea, adv. yea, PP: ȝa, S, S2, PP, H; ȝe, S, S2, PP, G; ȝhe, W; ye, S2, PP, C2; ȝie, S; ȝha, S2; ȝo, S2.—AS. géa; cp. Goth. já, Icel. já.

Ȝe-arnen, v. to earn, S.—AS. ge-earnian. See Ernen.

Ȝeat, pt. s. poured, S; see Ȝeten.

Ȝe-bugon, pt. pl. were obedient, S.—AS. ge-bugon, from ge-búgan. See Bowen.

Ȝe-cende, adj. natural, S; i-cundur, comp., S.—AS. ge-cynde. See Kynde.

Ȝe-ceosen, v. to choose, MD; ȝe-cas, pt. s., S.—AS. ge-céosan.

Ȝed, sb. a word; ȝeddes, pl., MD.—AS. gied, gid, gyd, song, poem, saying.

Ȝeddien, v. to speak, MD; ȝedde, to sing, S2.—AS. geddian, giddian, to sing, to speak.

Ȝeddynge, sb. a gest or romance, Prompt.; ȝeddyngis, pl., HD; yeddynges, songs, C. See above.

Ȝede, pt. s. went, S, S2; see Ȝeode.

Ȝedire, adj. vehement, WA; ȝederly, adv. quickly, S2, HD.—Cp. AS. ædre, (edre), quickly, at once: OS. adro, quick.

Ȝeer, sb. year, S3; ȝer, S, S2; gær, S; yeer, C2; ȝere, PP, S2; yere, S2, C2; yeire, S2; ȝer, pl., PP, S, S2, S3; yer, S; yeer, C2; ger, S; ȝeir, S3; yeir, S2; ȝere, PP; yere, S2; yhere, S2; ȝeres, S, PP; geres, S.—AS. gér, géar: OS. jer, jar; cp. Gr. ὥρα; see Brugmann, § 118.

Ȝeerli, adv. yearly, S3.

Ȝef, conj. if, S, S2; see Ȝif.

Ȝe-fered, sb. company, societas, S; i-ferred, MD; ifereden, MD.—AS. ge-férrǽden, companionship.

Ȝeft, sb. gift, S; see Ȝift.

Ȝe-fo, sb. foe, MD; ifo, MD; y-uo, MD; ivo, S; ȝefo, pl., S; ifo, MD.—AS. ge-fá. See Foo.

Ȝe-geng, sb. company, S.—AS. gegang.

Ȝeid, pt. s. went, S2; see Ȝeode.

Ȝeien, v. to cry out, S, MD; ȝeide, pt. s., MD.—Icel. geyja, to bark (a strong vb.).

Ȝeir, pl. years, S3; see Ȝeer.

Ȝe-laðien, v. to invite, S.—AS. ge-laðian.

Ȝe-laðiere, sb. inviter, S.

Ȝeld, sb. payment; yelde, S; ȝielde, S; gildes, pl., S; gæildes, S.—AS. gild.

Ȝelden, v. to pay, yield, S, PP, S2, G, W; yelden, C2; ȝulde, PP; yhelde, S2; yheld, S2; ȝelt, pr. s., PP; ȝilt, PP; ȝald, pt. s., PP, S2, S3; yald, PP, S2; yalt, HD; ȝelde, PP, S2; ȝelte, PP; ȝelt, PP; geld, S; ȝeldide, W; yolden, pp., C; ȝoldun, W; ȝolde, W; iȝolde, S, S2.—AS. geldan, pt. geald (pl. guldon), pp. golden: cp. Goth. gildan.

Ȝeldingus, sb. pl. payments, debts, S3.

Ȝe-lesten, v. to fulfil, to perform, to continue, last, extend, S; i-leste, S; i-lest, pr. s., S; i-lested, S; gelest, pt. s., S; y-laste, S2; i-laste, S, S2.—AS. ge-lǽstan.

Ȝe-limpen, v. to happen, MD; ȝelamp, pt. s., S; ilomp, S.—AS. ge-limpan. See Limpen.

Ȝelke, sb. yolk of an egg, Prompt.

Ȝellen, v. to yell, MD; yolle, C; ȝolle, S; ȝellynge, pr. p., howling, W; ȝal, pt. s., MD, S2; ȝulle, pl., MD; ȝelliden, MD; yelleden, C.—AS. gellan (giellan), pt. geall (pl. gullon), pp. gollen.

Ȝellynge, sb. yelling, MD; yollyng, C; ȝollinge, S.

Ȝelow, adj. yellow, MD; ȝeoluwe, S; ȝeolewe, S; ȝeluwe, S; ȝolewe, S; yelwe, C; yalu, HD.—AS. geolw- stem of geolu (geolo); see Sievers, 300; cp. G. gelb.

Ȝelpe, sb. boasting, S.

Ȝelpen, v. to boast, S; yelpe, C; yalp, pt. s., MD; yelp, MD.—AS. gilpan (gielpan), pt. gealp (pl. gulpon), pp. golpen.

Ȝelpynge, sb. boasting, Prompt.

Ȝeman, sb. youth, servant, MD; see Ȝoman.

Ȝemanry, sb. yeomanry, B.

Ȝeme, sb. care, S, S2, G; yeme, HD; geme, S.—AS. géme (in compounds), gýme.

Ȝeme-leas, adj. careless, S: ȝemeles, S.—AS. gémeléas.

Ȝemeleaste, sb. carelessness, S; ȝemeleste, S; ȝemeles, S.—AS. gémelést, gýmeléast.

Ȝemen, v. to care for, to heed, S, HD, S2, S3; yemen, S, G; yem, S2; ȝiemeð, pr. s., S; yhemes, pl., S2; ȝemed, pt. s., S2; ȝemedd, pp., S; ȝemmde, pl., S.—AS. géman, (gýman); cp. Icel. geyma, mutated form from Icel. gaumr, heed, attention; see Sievers, 21. See Gome.

Ȝemer, adj. sad, MD; yemer, S; ȝeomer, S; ȝomere, adv., S.—AS. géomer.

Ȝe-meten, v. to meet, S; i-meten, to find, S: y-mete, S; ȝe-met, pr. s., S; i-metten, pt. pl., S; y-mette, pp., C2, PP.—AS. ge-métan, pt. s. gemétte. See Meten.

Ȝemsall, sb. keeping, B. See Ȝemen.

Ȝene, v. to reply, S; see Geȝnen.

Ȝeode, pt. s. went, S, PP; ȝede, PP, S, S2; ȝeid, S2, S3; ȝude, S2; yede, S, S2, S3, C3; yhode, S2; yod, S2; yheden, pl., S2 (s.v. forth-).—AS. ge-éode. See Eode.

Ȝeolewe, adj. yellow, S; see Ȝelow.

Ȝeomer, adj. sad, S; see Ȝemer.

Ȝeorne, adv. eagerly, S, S2; see Ȝerne.

Ȝeornen, v. to yearn, desire, S; see Ȝernen.

Ȝeoten, v. to pour, S; see Ȝeten.

Ȝep, adj. prompt, HD; see Ȝape.

Ȝer, sb. year, S, S2; see Ȝeer.

Ȝerd, sb. an enclosure, court, field, garden, W; yerd, S, C; ȝerde, G; ȝard, S3.—AS. geard: Goth. gards, house; cp. Lat. hortus; see Douse, p. 73. See Garth.

Ȝerde, sb. rod, stick, yard, staff, Prompt., W, S, S2, P; yerde, C2; yeorde, S; ȝerd, S2; ȝerdis, pl., W; ȝerden, dat. pl., S.—OMerc. gerd (VP): Goth. gazds; cp. Lat. hasta; see Douse, p. 73.

Ȝe-redie, adj. ready, S; iredy, S2; ireadi, adv., S. See Redi.

Ȝerne, v. to run, S.—AS. ge-ærnan. See Rennen.

Ȝerne, adv. eagerly, S, S2, S3, PP; yerne, C3; ȝeorne, S, S2; ȝorne, HD; ȝierne, S; ȝern, S2.—AS. georne.

Ȝernen, v. to yearn, S, S2, PP; ȝeornen, S, S2; ȝirnen, S; ȝarnand, pr. p., S2; ȝirnde, pt. s., S; ȝornde, S; ȝyrnden, pl., S2; i-ȝirnd, pp., S; yȝyrned, S2.—AS. geornan, also gyrnan; see Sievers, 79.

Ȝernful, adj. desirous, MD: ȝeornful, S.

Ȝerning, sb. desire, MD; yornyng, S3; yherninges, pl., S2.—AS. geornung.

Ȝernliche, adv. diligently, MD; ȝeornliche, S.—AS. geornlice.

Ȝerre, sb. outcry, loud lament, WA.—Cp. AS. georran, to make a noise.

Ȝe-sceaft, sb. creature; ȝesceafte, dat., S.—AS. ge-sceaft. Cf. Schaft.

Ȝe-sceapen, v. to create, MD; ȝescop, pt. s., S; ȝesceop, S; ȝescepe, pp., S.

Ȝe-sceod, sb. distinction, difference, discrimination, reason, S; ȝescod, S.—AS. ge-scéad, ge-scád. See Scheden.

Ȝescung, sb. covetousness, S; see Ȝiscunge.

Ȝe-secðe, sb. sight, S; see I-sihðe.

Ȝet, conj. yet, S, S2; giet, S; gæt, S; ȝiet, S; yete, S; ȝeiet, S; ȝut, S, S2, P; ȝete, S; ȝette, S; ȝute, S, S2; yhit, S2; ȝit, W; ȝhit, S3; yit, C2, C3; yet, C3; ȝyt, S2; get, S.—AS. get.

Ȝeten, v. to pour, MD; ȝeoten, MD, S; ȝett, WA, Cath.; ȝeat, pt. s., S; ȝet, S; ȝoten, pp., PP; ȝotun, molten, W2; ȝeten, PP.—AS. géotan, pt. géat (pl. guton), pp. goten: Goth. giutan; cp. Lat. fundo (for fu-d-no); see Douse, p. 112.

Ȝeten, v. to say yea, to grant, S; ȝaten, MD; ȝettien, S, MD; ȝettede, pt. s., S; ȝetede, S; ȝette, S; i-ȝette, S; gatte, S, MD; gat, MD; gatten, pl., S; gett, pp., S2.—AS. géatan, pt. s. géatte (pl. géatton); cp. Icel. játa, to say yea, confess, grant, see Fick, 7. 243. See Ȝea.

Ȝett, sb. gate, S3; ȝet, B; see Gate.

Ȝeu, Ȝew, pron. you, S; see Ȝou.

Ȝe-wealden, v. to control, MD; ȝe-wold, pt. subj. pl., S.—AS. ge-wealdan. See Welden.

Ȝe-wer, adv. everywhere, S.—AS. ge-hwǽr.

Ȝe-winne, v. to contend, S.—AS. ge-winnan.

Ȝeyn, prep. and prefix, against, in comparison with; ȝæn, S.—AS. gegn; cp. Icel. gegn.

Ȝeynbowght, pt. s. redeemed, HD; see Biggen.

Ȝeyncome, sb. return, HD.

Ȝeynsey, v. to gainsay; ȝeinseye, SkD.

Ȝha, adv. yea, S3: ȝhe, W; see Ȝea.

Ȝhis, adv. yes, W; see Ȝis.

Ȝicchen, v. to itch, MD; ȝitchinge, pr. p., W.—AS. giccan, also gyccan (see OET): OHG. juochen: OTeut. *jukkjan.

Ȝielde, sb. a payment, S; see Ȝeld.

Ȝierne, adv. eagerly, S; see Ȝerne.

Ȝiet, conj. yet, S; see Ȝet.

Ȝif, conj. if, S, S2, G, H; ȝiff, S; ȝyf, S2; yif, S; gif, S2; yf, S; gief, S; ȝief, S; gef, S; ȝef, S, S2; yef, S, S2; ef, S, C2; geue, S3; gife, S3, H.—AS. gif = ge + if (cp. Icel. ef, and OIcel. if, if): Goth. jabai; see Brugmann, § 123.

Ȝife, sb. gift, grace, S; giue, S; gyue, S; gife, S; ȝieue, S; gief, S.—AS. gifu.

Ȝift, sb. gift, PP; ȝyft, S2; yefte, S; yifte, C3; ȝiftes, pl., PP; ȝeftes, S; yeftes, S; ȝiftus, S2; yiftes, C3.—Icel. gipt.

Ȝimmes, sb. pl. gems, jewels, S; ȝymmes, WA.—AS. gim; Lat. gemma; see Sievers, 69. See Gemme.

Ȝim-stones, sb. pl. jewels, S.—AS. gim-stán.

Ȝing, adj. young, S3, G; see Ȝong.

Ȝirnan, v. to desire, S; see Ȝernen.

Ȝis, adv. yes, MD; ȝys, Prompt.; yis, C2; ȝus, PP, S2; ȝhis, W.—AS. gese for géa + the particle -se, -si (for Goth. sai, OHG. sé, behold); see Sievers, 338.

Ȝiscare, sb. covetous person, S; ȝitsere, MD; ȝietceres, pl., S.—AS. gítsere.

Ȝiscen, v. to covet, desire, MD.—AS. gítsian, gídsian; cp. Goth. gaidw, want; see Sievers, 198, 205.

Ȝiscunge, sb. covetousness, S; ȝescung, S; ȝitsunge, MD.—AS. gítsung.

Ȝister-, adj. yester-, MD.—AS. geostra, gystra: Goth. gistra.

Ȝister-dai, yesterday, W2; yistirday, PP.

Ȝister-evin, yester-eve, S3.

Ȝit, conj. yet, W; see Ȝet.

Ȝiu, you, S; see Ȝou.

Ȝiuen, v. to give, S, S2, PP; ȝifenn, S; ȝyue, W, S2; gyuen, S; geuen, S; ȝeuen, S, S2, S3; ȝefen, S; yiuen, C2; yeuen, S; ȝeouen, S; ȝieuen, S; ȝefue, S; ȝiefe, S; ȝief, S; geyff, S3; yef, imp. s., S; yif, S, S2; gif, S2; ȝeueþ, pl., S2; gifð, pr. s., S; yeft, S; yefþ, S2; gaf, pt. s., S, S2; ȝaf, S, S2, G; ȝæf, S; ȝifuen, pl., S; yaf, S, C2; iaf, S; ȝiaf, S; gef, S; ȝef, S, S2; gaiff, S3; yafe, S3; ȝaue, S2; ȝeue, pl., S2; ȝauen, W; iafen, S; iauen, S; geuen, pp., S; gyuen, S; ȝiuen, S; yiuen, C2; iiuen, S; iȝiue, S; yeuen, S2, C2; y-ȝeue, S2, G; ȝouen, S2; ȝouun, S2, W; iȝiue, S, S2.—AS. gifan, pt. geaf (pl. géafon), pp. gifen; see Sievers, 391.

Ȝiuer, adj. greedy, MD; ȝiure, S.—AS. gífre; cp. G. geifer, drivel.

Ȝoill-evyn, sb. Yule-even, Christmas eve, B. See Ȝole.

Ȝok, sb. yoke, W, W2; ȝockis, pl., W, W2.—AS. geoc: Goth. juk; cp. Lat. iŭgum, Gr. ζυγόν; see Brugmann, § 133.

Ȝolde, pp. paid, W; see Ȝelden.

Ȝole, sb. Yule, Christmas, HD, SkD.—AS. géola; cp. Goth. jiuleis, Grimm, p. 702; see Sievers, 220.

Ȝoman, sb. a youth, MD, Cath.; ȝeman, MD; yeman, servant, retainer, C; ȝemen, pl., HD, PP; ȝoumen, PP.

Ȝomere, adv. sadly, S; see Ȝemer.

Ȝomerly, adj. sad, S2.—AS. géomorlic.

Ȝon, adj. yon, MD, PP; ȝone, PP, S2.—AS. geon, (SkD); cp. Goth. jains; see Sievers, 338, and Brugmann, § 123.

Ȝond, prep. through, MD; ȝeond, S; ȝont, S; ȝeon, S.

Ȝond, adv. yonder, there, MD, S3; yond, S2, C2; ȝonde, PP.

Ȝonde, used as adj. yon, PP; yond, S2, S3, Sh.—AS. geond, through, also yonder.

Ȝonder, adv. yonder, G; used as adj., PP.

Ȝong, adj. young, S, S2, S3, W, PP; ȝung, S; ȝonge, G; yonge, S, C2; yunge, S; ȝyng, S3; gunge, S; iunge, S; yhung, S2; ying, S3, G; ȝing, S3, G; yonger, comp., S; ȝeunger, S; ȝungre, S; gungest, superl., S; gunkeste, S; ȝongost, S2; ȝongest, G.—AS. geong: Goth. juggs (for jungs); cp. Lat. iuuencus; see Kluge (s.v. jugend).

Ȝonghede, sb. youth, MD; yonghede, S, CM; ȝunghede, MD.

Ȝonglyng, sb. young man, disciple, MD, W; iunglenges, pl., S.

Ȝongthe, sb. youth, W; ȝungthe, HD, Prompt.; youngth, S3.

Ȝop, adj. bold, HD; see Ȝape.

Ȝore, adv. formerly, S2, G; yore, S2, S3, C2: ȝare, S.—AS. geára, for géara, gen. pl. of géar. See Ȝeer.

Ȝorle, sb. earl, HD; see Erl.

Ȝornde, pt. s. yearned, S; see Ȝernen.

Ȝoskinge, sb. sobbing, WA; ȝyxynge, Prompt.—Cp. AS. giscian (BT).

Ȝotun, pp. molten, W2; see Ȝeten.

Ȝou, pron. pl. acc. and dat. you, S, S2, W, PP; ȝow, S2, G, PP; yow, S, C2; ȝew, S; ȝeu, S; ȝuw, S; ȝiu, S; giu, S; gu, S; ow, S, S2; ou, S, S2; eu, S; eou, S; eow, S.—AS. éow. See also Ȝe.

Ȝoulen, v. to howl, cry, MD; goulen, S, S2; ȝaulen, MD; yawle, HD; gowland, pr. p., S3.—Icel. gaula.

Ȝoure, pron. pl. gen. of you (also poss. pron., your), S; eouwer, S; æoure, S; ȝure, S; ȝiure, S; ȝowre, PP; eure, S; gur, S; ȝeur, S; ower, S; oure, S2; our, S; ore, S2; or, S2; youres, C2.—AS. éowre, gen. of éow, you. See Ȝe.

Ȝou-selue, yourselves, S; ȝou-silf, W; ȝow-seluen, PP; ȝow-self, PP; ow-seolf, S; ow-seoluen, S; ou-suluen, S.

Ȝouthe, sb. youth, PP, S2; youthe, C2; ȝowthe, PP; yowthe, S2; yhouthe, S2; yhowthe, S2; ȝieuð, S; ȝuheðe, S; ȝuȝeðe, S.—AS. geoguð, guguð, iuguð; see Sievers, 74.

Ȝouthede, sb. youth, MD; youthede, MD; guðhede, S.—AS. geoguðhád.

Ȝouen, pp. of Ȝiuen.

Ȝowle, sb. Yule, HD; see Ȝole.

Ȝoȝelinge, sb. guggling noise, S.

Ȝude, pt. s. went, S2; see Ȝeode.

Ȝuheðe, sb. youth, S; see Ȝouthe.

Ȝus, adv. yes, S2; see Ȝis.

Ȝut, conj. yet, S, S2, P; see Ȝet.

Ȝyng, adj. young, S3; see Ȝong.

The subdivision of T, U/V, and W, and the format of their headers, is as in the original. Note that Th includes Þ.

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ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS

This section is included for completeness. All changes have been made in the text. Corrections are marked with mouse-hover popups, while additions are shown as outlined paragraphs.

A, prep. of, S2, S3, PP; see Of.

A, adv. ever, S; aa, S; a buten, ever without, S; see O.

Accompt, sb. account, S3; see Acounte.

Accompted, pp. accounted, S3; see Acounte.

Ace, sb. a jot, S3; see As.

Addledd, pp. earned, S; see Adlen.

Æn, num. and indef. art. one, S; ænne, S; see Oon.

Æness, adv. once, S; see Oones.

Afingret, pp. an-hungered, NED, HD; see Of-hungred.

Afyrst, pp. athirst, PP; afurst, PP; afrust, PP; see Of-þurst.

Agreþed, pp. made ready, S2; see A-graythen.

Ah, pr. s. owes (as a duty), S; ahen, pr. pl., are obliged, S; see Owen.

Aht, sb. aught, anything; ahte, S; ahct, S; see Ought.

Ak, sb. oak, Voc.; akis, pl., S3; see Ook.

Akennet, pp. born, S; see A-cennen.

Almain. For almain-lean read almain-leap.

Anaunter, for an aunter, a chance, S2; see Auenture.

Ande, sb. breath, H; see Onde.

Anfald, adj. single, simple, S, HD; see Oone-fold.

Anhed, sb. unity, H; see Oonhed.

Anleth. For v. read sb.

Anwalde, sb. dat. power, S; anwolde, S; see On-wald.

Are, sb. oar, MD; see Ore.

Athamaunte, sb. adamant, C; see Adamant.

Atteir, sb. attire, S3; see Atyre.

Aual, imp. s. fell, cause to fall, S; see A-fallen.

Auhte, pt. s. ought, S; aucte, owned, S; see Owen.

Auote, adv. on foot, S2; see A-fote.

Autorite, sb. authority, C; see Auctoritee.

Autour, sb. author, S3; see Auctour.

Aw-; see Au-.

Aynd, sb. breath, B; see Onde.

Aynding, sb. smelling, B; see Onding.

Ayr, sb. oar, B; see Ore.

Belde, adj. big, blustering, S; see Bold.

Belt, pp. built, S3; see Bilden.

Beode, v. to pray, S; see Bidden.

Bersten, v. to burst, S, C; see Bresten.

Betaken, v. to betoken, S2; see Bi-toknen.

Bi-healde, v. to behold; bihalden, S2; see Bi-holden.

Bilæde, pt. s. enclosed, S; see Bi-leggen.

Bilæuen, v. to remain, S; see Bi-leuen.

Billet, sb. a piece of firewood; byllets, pl., S3 (26. 785).

Binam, Binom; pt. s. of Bi-nimen.

Bi-soȝte, pt. s. of Bi-sechen.

Bituhhe, prep. between, S; see Bi-twiȝe.

Blane (for blan), pt. s. of Bi-linnen.

Blynke. For sie read see.

Bod, pt. s. waited, S2; bode, waited for, S2; see Biden.

Bounden, pp. bound, S, C2; see Binden.

Breas, sb. brass, S; see Bras.

Breggid, pt. s. shortened, W; see Abregge.

Bulde, pt. s. built, C; see Bilden.

Bye, v. to buy, S2; by, C3; see Biggen.

Camel. The regular OF. equivalent for Lat. camēlum was chameil. In OF. camel the termination -el is due to analogy with French forms derived from -ālem. See BH, § 43.

Canoun. Church Lat. canonicus did not mean originally ‘one on the church-roll or list,’ but one who was bound to observe a certain rule of life (canon, κανών). OF. chanoine is not the precise equivalent of canonicum, but represents a Latin type *canonium. See Scheler’s Dict. (ed. 3).

Cherche, sb. church, S2, C3; see Chirche.

Clomben, pp. climbed, C; see Climben.

Daw, sb. day, S2; see Day.

Deburs, v. disburse, pay, S3; see Disburse.

Dedeyn, sb. disdain, W, H; see Disdeyn.

Degyset, pp. disguised, S2; see Disgysen.

Deserited. For Desheriten, read Disheriten.

Dide, pt. s. did, caused, put, S; see Don.

Dilitable, adj. delightful, S2; see Delitable.

Diuise, v. to tell of, describe, S2; see Deuisen.

Druiȝest, 2 pr. s. art dry, S2; see Drye.

Dunt, sb. blow, S, S2; see Dent.

Effnenn, v. to make equal or even, S; see Euenen.

Ernes. A derivation of this word from the French has not been proved.—OF. ernes does not exist.

Falten. The form falt should be taken away from this article and placed under Folden. The words falt mi tunge mean ‘my tongue gives way.’ For the various meanings of this verb folden, see MD (ii. 68). This correction is due to the kindness of Prof. Napier.

For-swinken, v. to exhaust with toil; forswonke, pp., S3 (p. 364, l. 24).

Frayd, pp. frightened, S3; fraid, scared, S3; see Afrayen.

Habide, v. to abide, resist, S2; see A-biden.

Hagt. Dr. F. Holthausen suggests that this word means ‘danger, peril,’ comparing this ME. hagt with Icel. hætta which has the same meaning. Kluge connects this hætta with Gothic hāhan, to hang, so that it may mean radically ‘a state of being in suspense.’ The word must have come into England in the form *haht, before the assimilation of ht to tt.

Hal, adj. all, S2; see Al.

Ham, 1 pr. s. am, S; see Am.

Haxede, pt. s. asked, S; see Asken.

Here, adv. before, S; see Er.

Heremyte, sb. hermit, S2; heremites, pl., P; see Ermite.

Hulpen. (To be placed more to the right.)

Ich, adj. each, S, S2; see Eche.

Ieden, pt. pl. went, S; see Eode.

Joutes. For jutā read jūta. For other cognates of this wide-spread word, see Kluge (s.v. jauche). See also s.v. käse, where Kluge remarks that Icel. ostr, cheese, and Finnish juusto, cheese, are etymologically connected with G. jauche, and Latin jus.

Kepen. AS. cépan, to keep, should be kept quite distinct from AS. cýpan, to sell. AS. cýpan is the phonetic representative of OTeut. kaupjan, whereas cépan, to keep, represents an OTeut. *kōpjan. Cp. E. keen, the representative of AS. céne, OTeut. *kōni (G. kühn). See Kluge’s note in P. & B. Beiträge, viii. 538.

Mo. Add ) at the end.

Note, sb. nut. A better explanation of not-heed is ‘with the hair of the head closely cut.’ The verb to nott means to cut the hair close. ‘Tondre, to sheer, clip, cut, powle, nott’; Cotgrave.

Onond, prep. as regards, respecting, S; onont, S; see An-ent.

Quene. It should be noted that E. queen is not precisely the same word as E. quean. For queen is the phonetic equivalent of AS. cwén, Goth. kwēns, whereas quean represents AS. cwĕne, Goth. kwĭno.

Senged, pp. sun-burnt, S3 (p. 364, l. 29); see Sengin.

Sisour, sb. juror, PP; sysour, P; see Asisour.

Stok. Prof. Napier maintains that the stokess of the Ormulum cannot be identified with AS. stocc, as the gemination of the consonant persists in the Ormulum. He suggests that stokess means ‘places,’ comparing the use of stoke in place-names, e.g. Wude stoke in Chron. (Earle, p. 249), He also cites in illustration AS. stoc-weard, ‘oppidanus,’ see Leo, p. 206.

Sum (1). Dele ‘sumere, dat., S;’

Twichand, pres. pt. touching, regarding, S3 (13. 271).

Tyred, pp. attired, dressed, S2; see Atyren.

Urþe (written Vrþe), sb. earth, S2; see Erthe.

Whicche, a chest, trunk, box; whucche, PP; whyche, Prompt.; hoche, Prompt.—AS. hwicce; ‘Clustella, hwicce;’ Engl. Studien, xi. 65.

Wike, sb. pl. the corners of the mouth, S (4 a. 49).—Cf. Icel. munnvik, pl., the corners of the mouth; see CV (s.v. munnr). The word wikes is still in use in this sense at Whitby. See Whitby Glossary (E.D.S.).

Wone, adj. one, S3 (7. 97); see Oon.

Wyne-grapis, sb. pl. vine-grapes, S3 (13. 99).

Transcriber’s Notes:

Underlining Errors Alphabetization Hyphens

Underlining in the Dictionary

All underlining was added by the transcriber. You will see the following forms:

errors noted by transcriber errors noted by author ambiguous hyphens (underlining intentionally faint) Greek words (underlining should be invisible in most browsers) text from Additions and Corrections (outlined as a block)

Errors and Inconsistencies

For errors corrected by the authors, see the Additions and Corrections section.

Typographical errors are shown in the text with mouse-hover popups. Most errors are trivial, such as missing or incorrect punctuation or misplaced italics. Variant abbreviations such as “O.H.G.” for “OHG.” have been regularized to the forms given in the Authorities and Language lists. The word “invisible” in corrections means that there is an appropriately sized blank space in the printed text.

Errors in Greek accents were silently corrected. A few minor variations were retained, including:

“hedgehog” or “hedghog” Cf. or Cp. (n) or (n.) pt. pr. or pt.-pr.

Alphabetization in the Dictionary

Unless otherwise noted, words are spelled and alphabetized as originally printed. Note in particular:

The letter Æ æ is alphabetized as ae.

The letter I is alphabetized according to its phonetic value, vowel before consonant. J is not used.

Thorn Þ þ and eth ð (capital Ð does not occur) are alphabetized as th.

The letters U and V are shown with the form used in their source documents, but are alphabetized by phonetic value. A few sequences such as initial Su- do not make this distinction.

Yogh Ȝ ȝ is alphabetized after y.

Technical Note

Anchors of Dictionary headwords are in the form word_entry (lower case) with these modifications:

— æ, ð, þ, ȝ have been expanded to ae, dh, th, gh

— diacritical marks and medial hyphens have been omitted

— spaces (only in phrases) have been changed to _ lines

— duplicate headwords are identified by part of speech and, if necessary, by number: word_thanne_adv; word_on_prefix_1. If the text uses numbers, as with groups of identically spelled prefixes, the anchor will use the same number.

Hyphens At Line-End

The book’s two-column format resulted in a great many line-end hyphens. Most hyphenated words were unique, so the ordinary tests (“Is this word, or a structurally similar one, hyphenated on its other occurrences?”) could seldom be used.

Line-end hyphens in cross-references (“see”, “see also”, “cf.”) were kept or omitted based on the form of the cross-referenced headword. Note that hyphenization in this situation is very inconsistent. Except in the Additions, cross-references often omit a mid-line hyphen that is present in the referenced word, or include one that is absent.

Line-end hyphens were retained in past participles in i-, y- and equivalent, and after the prefixes out- and to-; they were omitted before common endings such as -lich, -ship, -ness, -full. They were removed after Middle English un-, but retained after Anglo-Saxon un-.

The remaining line-end hyphens were omitted unless they were in the same location (morphological boundary) as the hyphen in the headword, or if the hyphenated word was a compound. Within these two groups, final decisions were based on more fluid criteria such as internal consistency within an entry, or hyphenization of other words from the same source. Words printed with these types of ambiguous hyphens are lightly underlined in the e-text. The position of omitted hyphens is generally obvious, and has not been explicitly marked.

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