XIII. HISTORY OF THE MAYAS IN YUCATAN (part 1 of 2)

XIII. HISTORY OF THE MAYAS IN YUCATAN (part 1 of 2)

Aboriginal Names of Yucatan -- The Primitive Inhabitants from the East and West -- Zamná, the Pontiff-King -- The Itzas at Chichen -- Rule of Cukulcan at Chichen and Mayapan -- His Disappearance on the Gulf Coast -- The Cocome Rule at Mayapan -- Appearance of the Tutul Xius -- Translation of the Maya Record by Perez and Brasseur -- Migration from Tulan -- Conquest of Bacalar and Chichen -- Itza Annals -- Tutul Xius at Uxmal -- Overthrow of the Cocome Dynasty -- The Confederacy, or Empire, of Tutul Xius, Itzas, and Cheles -- Fable of the Dwarf -- Overthrow of the Tutul Xius -- Final Period of Civil Wars.

Respecting the original name of Yucatan, Bishop Landa tells us that it was called Ulumil Cuz and Etel Ceh, 'land of turkeys and deer.' Padre Lizana writes the name U Luumil Cutz and U Luumil Ceb. Malte-Brun claims to have found a tradition to the effect that in the early time the interior plains of the peninsula were submerged, forming lakes, and the people lived in isolated groups by fishing and hunting. Landa also applies the name Peten, 'isle,' thinking that the natives believed their country to be surrounded with water. The Perez manuscript terms the peninsula Chacnouitan, which Gallatin believes to have been its true name; while Brasseur regards this as the ancient name of only the southern portion of the country. There is no doubt that the native name of Yucatan at the coming of Europeans and afterwards was Maya. Several authors define this as 'land without water,' a most appropriate name for this region. Brasseur in one place derives the name from Mai, that of an ancient priest; Cogolludo says the country was named from its capital or chief city thus differing at each successive epoch, being in ancient times Mayapan, but in the time of the writer, Campeche. Ternaux-Compans declares that from the fall of Mayapan to the coming of the Spaniards the country had no general name. All agree that the name Yucatan originated from a misunderstanding by the Spaniards of the words first pronounced by the natives when questioned about the name of their country.[XIII-1]

[Sidenote: MIGRATION FROM THE EAST.]

The earliest inhabitants are supposed to have come from the east. As they fled before their enemies their god had opened a path for them through the sea.[XIII-2] Lizana believes these first inhabitants came from Cuba, which may have been connected with the peninsula in those primitive times; while Orozco y Berra seems to favor the idea that they came to Cuba from Florida.[XIII-3] From this original population, few in numbers, is supposed to have come the ancient name cenial, or 'little descent,' applied by the inhabitants to the east; while the name nohenial, 'great descent' by which the west was called, originated from a larger migration from that direction. Cogolludo, it is true, claims that the eastern colony was the more numerous of the two, yet, this is not tradition, but his theory, based on the prevalence of the Maya language in connection with the unfounded assumption that those who came from the west must have spoken Aztec.[XIII-4] All that can be learned from these traditions is the existence among the Mayas of a vague idea that their ancestors came originally from opposite directions. Their idea of the most primitive period of their history, like the idea entertained by other nations whose annals have been presented, was connected with the arrival of a small band from across the ocean. This was the 'little descent'; by this first band and their descendants the country was peopled and the Maya institutions established. The 'great descent' referred to the coming of strangers from the south-west, probably at different times, and at a much later period.

To account for the fact that but one language is spoken in Yucatan, and that closely related to those of Tabasco and Guatemala, Orozco y Berra supposes that the Mayas destroyed or banished the former inhabitants. They were evidently barbarians, as shown by their abandonment of the ruins; perhaps they were the same tribes that destroyed Palenque.[XIII-5] But the reader already knows that the builders of the cities were found in possession of the country, and the unity of language is exactly what might be expected, if the traditional colony from the east peopled not only Yucatan, but the adjoining countries, and the subsequent returning colonies from the west came from the countries thus peopled. We learn from Boturini that the Olmecs, Xicalancas, and Zapotecs, of the eastern region of Mexico, fled at the approach of the Toltecs and settled in Yucatan. Veytia shows that if any of these peoples settled in Yucatan, it was from choice, not necessity; Torquemada and others add the Chichimecs and Acolhuas to the peoples that settled Yucatan. Cogolludo and Fancourt include the Teo-Chichimecs,[XIII-6] while most modern writers favor the theory that the Toltecs occupied Yucatan after their expulsion from Anáhuac in the eleventh century, erecting the cities that have since been found there in so great numbers.[XIII-7]

[Sidenote: TOLTEC THEORY.]

The conjectures of the preceding paragraph and many others of a similar nature, are a part of the theory, so often noted in this work, of a general migration of American nations from north to south, a theory which has amounted almost to a mania for dispatching every ancient northern tribe southward, and for searching in the north for the origin of every ancient southern people. It was not enough that the people of Yucatan and Guatemala migrated from the far north-west; but it was necessary to find in each of these states traces of every nation whose presence in Mexico during the past ages has been recorded by tradition. After what has been said on this subject in this and preceding volumes, it is needless to repeat here the arguments against a Mexican origin for the people and monuments of Yucatan. No people in America show less indications of a past intermixture with foreign tribes; the similarity between the monuments and those farther north is sufficiently accounted for by the historical events to be recorded in this chapter; and the conjectures in question are not only unfounded, but wholly uncalled for, serving only to complicate a record which without them is comparatively clear if not very complete.

* * * * *

The Yucatec culture-hero was Zamná, or Ytzamná, who according to the traditions was the first temporal and religious leader, the civilizer, high-priest, and law-giver, who introduced the Maya institutions, divided the country into provinces, and named all the localities in Yucatan. He was accompanied, like other culture-heroes, by a band of priests, artizans, and even warriors. Ruling the country from his capital of Mayapan, he gave the government of the provinces to his companions, reserving the best positions naturally for chieftains of his own blood. Zamná was the reported inventor of the Maya hieroglyphic art, and it is conjectured that the Cocomes, the oldest royal family in Yucatan, were the descendants of this first ruler. He died at an advanced age and was interred at Izamal, supposed to have been at that time near the sea shore, a city which was named for him, and probably founded by him, where his successors erected a sacred temple in honor of his memory, which was for many centuries a favorite shrine for Yucatec pilgrims. Another personage, Kinich Kakmo, is prominent in the Maya mythology, and may probably have been identical with Zamná, or one of his companions.[XIII-8]

Zamná may best be connected with the first colony, the 'little descent,' the first introduction of Maya institutions into the country, although it is not expressly stated that he was at the head of that colony; and both the colony and its leader may be identified most naturally with the introduction of the Votanic civilization and the establishment of the Xibalban empire already narrated from the traditions of the nations. Whether Zamná was a companion or disciple of Votan, or even identical with that personage, it is, of course, impossible to determine; and it is not by any means necessary to accept literally the arrival of either colony or leader. But the rôle played by Zamná was the same as that of Votan, and the same events at the same epoch may be reasonably supposed to have originated the Yucatec as well as the Tzendal, Quiché, and Toltec traditions of this primitive historic period. The statement of Ordoñez, already referred to, that Mayapan was one of the allied capitals which with Palenque, Tulan, and Copan, constituted the Xibalban, or Votanic, empire, is not improbable, although its truth cannot be fully substantiated.

[Sidenote: THE ITZAOB AT CHICHEN.]

The next event in the annals of the peninsula is the rule of the Itzaob, three most holy men, at Chichen Itza, over the people also called Itzas. Closely connected with these rulers, and perhaps one of the three, was Cukulcan, or Quetzalcoatl, the 'plumed serpent.' Torquemada tells us that in very remote times, at the time of Quetzalcoatl's disappearance from Mexico, Cukulcan appeared from the west with nineteen followers, all with long beards, and dressed in long robes and sandals, but bare-headed. This author identifies him with Quetzalcoatl. Cogolludo in one place briefly refers to Cukulcan as a great captain and a god; and elsewhere speaks of the coming of Cozas with nineteen followers, introducing the rites of confession and otherwise modifying the religious institutions of the country. Landa speaks of Cukulcan as having afterwards been regarded as a god in Mexico, whence he had come to Yucatan, under the name of Cezalcouati (Quetzalcoatl). Herrera gives him two brothers, and states that the three collected a large population and reigned together in peace for many years over the Itzas at Chichen, where they erected many magnificent temples in honor of their gods. The three brothers lived a most holy and continent life, neither marrying nor associating carnally with women; but at last one of them, Cukulcan, for most of the authorities agree that he was one of them, left his companions and adopted Mayapan as his capital. Landa says on this subject: "It is the opinion of the natives that with the Itzas who settled Chichen Itza there reigned a great lord named Cukulcan, which is shown to be true by the principal edifice called Cukulcan. They say that he entered the country from the west, but they differ as to whether he came before, with, or after the Itzas; and they say he was very moral, having neither wife nor children." In another place the same author speaks of the three brothers also as having come from the west, reigning at Chichen, agreeing in life and character with Cukulcan, until one of the number died, or at least abandoned his companions and left the country.

After the departure or death of Cukulcan, the two remaining lords gradually gave themselves up to an irregular and dissolute life, and their conduct finally moved their subjects to revolt, to kill the two princes, and to abandon the city. Cukulcan in the meantime devoted his attention to building up, beautifying, and fortifying his new capital, erecting grand temples for the gods and palaces for his subordinate lords, among whom he divided the surrounding country and towns. He ruled here most wisely and prosperously for several years, but at last after fully establishing the government, and instructing his followers respecting their duties and the proper means of ruling the country peacefully, he determined, for some motive not revealed, to abandon the city and the peninsula. He tarried awhile, however, at Champoton on the western coast, where a temple was erected in commemoration of his stay. According to Herrera it was erected by himself.[XIII-9]

[Sidenote: CUKULCAN AND THE COCOMES.]

It is evident enough that Cukulcan was the same as Quetzalcoatl, but to determine with which Quetzalcoatl--the Nahua culture-hero or the Toltec king--is a difficult matter. We have seen what complications in Mexican history arise from the fact that the Spanish writers failed to make any distinction between the two, most of them entirely ignoring the latter. Cogolludo dates the departure of Cukulcan in the middle of the twelfth century; Herrera makes it precede by about five hundred and sixty years the coming of the Spaniards; and Brasseur de Bourbourg, in his history, implies that Cukulcan was Acxitl Quetzalcoatl, thus placing his stay in Yucatan in or after the eleventh century. Yet most of the traditions seem to point to the Itzaob and to Cukulcan as preceding the Tutul Xius. The Itzas seem to have been among the most ancient nations in the country, and their name is best derived from that of Ytzamná. Even Brasseur de Bourbourg, in a later work,[XIII-10] offers the conjectures that the Itzas were Xibalbans who fled from Chiapas after the overthrow of their empire by the Nahuas, and that Cukulcan "was the same as the more or less mythologic personage of whom Sahagun speaks, the leader of the Nahua race to Tamoanchan, who seems identical with the Quetzalcoatl of the Codex Chimalpopoca, and the Gucumatz of the Popol Vuh."

There is no reason for bringing the Itza people from Chiapas, since they appear to have been like the Cocomes, descendants, or followers, of Zamná, whose history from the death of their great ruler down to Cukulcan's coming, is unknown. But it is certainly most consistent to identify Cukulcan with the first Quetzalcoatl and with Gucumatz, to regard his appearance and the rule of the three 'holy princes' at Chichen and Mayapan as the first introduction of the Nahua influence in Yucatan, and to date it within the first two centuries of the Christian era, while the Nahua power was beginning to rival that of the ancient Xibalba in Chiapas, and while the Olmecs and Xicalancas were becoming established in Vera Cruz and Puebla. Malte-Brun and some others deem Cukulcan and Zamná the same without any apparent reason, although the lives and deeds of both these pontiff-rulers are recorded only in the vaguest manner.[XIII-11]

It is probable that Cukulcan abandoned Chichen and its people, among whom he at first attempted to establish his peculiar reforms, because his teachings were not so favorably received or so permanent in their effects as he desired, and because he had reason to expect more favorable results among the Cocomes, whom he now adopted as his chosen people. Both 'listeners' and 'serpents' are given as the signification of the name Cocomes; the first may be referred to the fact that they were the first to 'listen' to Cukulcan's teachings; the second may arise from their relationship to the Votanic race of Chanes, or 'serpents.' Torquemada speaks of the Cocomes as the descendants of Cukulcan, but to regard them rather as disciples would be more consistent with the celibate life and chastity attributed to the great teacher. After the Plumed Serpent's departure the lords of Mayapan, raised to the highest power in the state the chief of the Cocome family, as Landa says, "either because this family was the most ancient or the richest, or because he who was at its head was a very valiant chief." Many of the aboriginal institutions of this country, as described in a preceding volume, are derived from traditions of this period of Cocome rule, one of the most prosperous in Maya history. The family names of rulers are often used as personal names in the annals of these nations, and thus we find the ruler at Mayapan spoken of as Cocom.[XIII-12]

* * * * *

[Sidenote: MIGRATION OF TUTUL XIUS.]

Respecting the ensuing period of Cocome rule, we have no record until at a subsequent but undetermined date a new people, the Tutul Xius, appeared from the southern region where they had wandered long and suffered great privations, and settled in the vicinity of Mayapan, being kindly received by the Cocomes. All agree that they came from the south; Herrera brings them from the Lacandon mountains, and speaks of them as having entered Mayapan, where they lived in great peace together with the former inhabitants. Landa judges from linguistic and monumental resemblances that they came from Chiapas. Morelet suggests that they were a band from Palenque.[XIII-13] I have already shown that the Tutul Xius were probably, like the Quichés and Toltecs, among the tribes that migrated from Tulan in Chiapas at some time between the third and fifth centuries.[XIII-14] They were not like the Toltecs a purely Nahua nation, that is, they did not speak the Nahua language; but they were, like the Quichés, a branch of the ancient Maya, or Xibalban, people, which had in Chiapas been subjected to Nahua influences and had adopted to some extent the Nahua institutions. In language they were kindred to the Cocomes, Itzas, and all the aboriginal inhabitants of Yucatan; but like the Cocomes they were also followers of Cukulcan and Quetzalcoatl. Their kind reception is not therefore to be wondered at, and their subsequent prominence in the history of the country accounts for the Nahua analogies observed in Yucatan institutions and monuments.

[Sidenote: THE PEREZ RECORD.]

[Sidenote: CHRONOLOGY OF THE RECORD.]

I now present in full the Perez document which contains nearly all that is known of the Tutul Xiu annals. I quote the version given in Mr. Stephens' work, adding in parentheses the variations and a few explanatory notes from Brasseur's translation.[XIII-15] "This is the series of Katunes, or epochs, that elapsed from the time of their departure from the land and house of Nonoual, in which were the four Tutul Xiu, lying to the west of Zuina (probably the Tulan Zuiva of the Popol Vuh) going out of the land of Tulapan (capital of Tulan). Four epochs were spent in traveling before they arrived here with Tolonchantepeuj (Holon-Chan-Tepeuh, in both the Maya text and in Brasseur's translation) and his followers. When they began their journey towards this island (peten, meaning literally 'island,' is the word used, but Brasseur tells us that it was applied as well to regions almost surrounded by water, and the Mayas knew very well that their country was a peninsula), it was the 8 Ahau, and the 6 Ahau, the 4 Ahau, and the 2 Ahau[XIII-16] were spent in traveling; because in the first year of 13 Ahau they arrived at this island (peninsula), making together eighty-one years they were traveling between their departure from their country and their arrival at this island peninsula of Chacnouitan. In the 8 Ahau arrived Ahmekat Tutul Xiu (an error perhaps, for 13 Ahau as above, or this may refer to a later arrival of another party), and ninety-nine years they remained in Chacnouitan. Then took place the discovery (conquest) of the province of Ziyan-caan, or Bacalar (Bakhalal, Chectemal at the time of the conquest, probably near the site of Bacalar). The 4 Ahau, the 2 Ahau, and the 13 Ahau, or sixty years, they ruled in Ziyan-caan, when (since) they came here. During these years of their government of the province of Bacalar, occurred the discovery (conquest) of Chichen Itza. The 11 Ahau, 9 Ahau, 7 Ahau, 5 Ahau, 3 Ahau, 1 Ahau, or one hundred and twenty years they ruled in Chichen Itza, when it was abandoned and they emigrated to Champoton (Chanputun) where the Itzas, holy men, had houses (had had dwellings). The 6 Ahau they took possession of the territory of Champoton. The 4 Ahau [and so on for twelve epochs to the 8 Ahau] Champoton was destroyed or abandoned (Brasseur has it, "4 Ahau, etc., etc., and in the 8 Ahau Champoton was destroyed"). Two hundred and sixty years reigned (or had reigned at the time when Champoton was destroyed) the Itzas in Champoton, when they returned in search of their homes ("after which they started out anew in search of homes," according to Brasseur), and then they lived for several epochs under the uninhabited mountains ("for several epochs the Itzas wandered, sleeping in the forests, among rocks and wild plants, suffering great privations," as Brasseur has it, noting an omission of a part of the text in Perez' translation). The 6 Ahau, 4 Ahau, after forty years they returned to their homes once more, and Champoton was lost to them. (The French version is entirely different; "6 Ahau, 4 Ahau"--they wandered as above--"after which they--the Itzas--had again fixed homes, after they had lost Champoton"). In this Katun of 2 Ahau, Acuitok Tutul Xiu established himself in Uxmal; the 2 Ahau [and so on in regular order for ten epochs to 10 Ahau] equal to two hundred years, they governed and reigned in Uxmal with the governors (powerful lords) of Chichen Itza, and Mayapan. After the lapse of the Ahau Katunes of 11, 9, 6 Ahau, (Brasseur says 7 instead of 6 Ahau, as indeed it must be in order to preserve the order) in the 8 Ahau the governor (the powerful lords) of Chichen Itza was (were) deposed (ruined) because he murmured disrespectfully against Tunac-eel (Hunac Eel); this happened to Chacxibchac of Chichen Itza, who had spoken against Tunac-eel, governor of the fortress of Mayalpan (Mayapan). Ninety years had elapsed, but the tenth of the 8 Ahau was the year in which he was overthrown by Ajzinte-yutchan (Ah-Tzinteyut-Chan) with Tzuntecum, Taxcal, Pantemit, Xuch-ucuet (Xuchu-Cuet), Ytzcuat, and Kakaltecat; these are the names of the seven Mayalpans (lords of Mayapan). In this same period, or Katun, of the 8 Ahau, they attacked king Ulmil (king of the Ulmil) in consequence of his quarrel (festivities) with Ulil, king of Izamal (Ytzmal); thirteen divisions of troops had he when he was routed by Tunac-eel (Hunac Eel, 'he who gives intelligence'); in the 6 Ahau the war was over, after thirty-four years. In the 6 Ahau, 4 Ahau, 2 Ahau, 13 Ahau, 11 Ahau (Brasseur says in the 8 Ahau), the fortified territory of Mayalpan was invaded by the men of Itza, under their king Ulmil, because they had walls and governed in common the people of Mayalpan. Eighty-three years elapsed after this event and at the beginning of 11 Ahau, Mayalpan was destroyed by strangers of the Uitzes, (perhaps Quichés) or Highlanders, as was also Tancaj (Tancah) of Mayalpan. In the 6 Ahau (8 Ahau according to original text and Brasseur), Mayalpan was destroyed (finally abandoned). The epochs of 6 Ahau, 4 Ahau, and 2 Ahau, elapsed, and at this period the Spaniards, for the first time arrived, and gave the name of Yucatan to this province, sixty years after the destruction of the fortress. The 13 Ahau, 11 Ahau, pestilence and small-pox were in the castles. In the 13 Ahau, Ajpula (Ahpulá) died; six years were wanting to the completion of the 13 Ahau; this year was counted toward the east of the wheel, and began on the 4 Kan (the 4 Kan began the month Pop). Ajpula died on the eighteenth day of the month Zip, in the 9 Ymix (in the third month Zip, and on the ninth day Ymix); and that it may be known in numbers, it was the year 1536, sixty years after the demolition of the fortress. Before the termination of the 11 Ahau, the Spaniards arrived; holy men from the east came with them when they reached this land. The 9 Ahau was the commencement of Christianity; and in this year was the arrival of Toral, the first (new) bishop."

Such is our chief authority on the aboriginal history of Yucatan. It is, as Perez remarks, "rather a list than a circumstantial detail of the events," was doubtless written from memory of the original records after the Spaniards came, and may be inaccurate at some points. Perez claims to interpret its chronology according to his theory that the Ahau Katun was a period of twenty-four years;[XIII-17] while Brasseur, following most of the Spanish writers, reckons an Ahau Katun as only twenty years. I do not propose to enter into any further discussion on this point, but it should be noted that while Perez adduces strong arguments in favor of his general theory of the length of these periods, neither his translation of the document in question nor his comments thereon are at all consistent with his own theory. The document states clearly that Ahpula died in 1536, six years before the end of 13 Ahau, which must have closed in 1541. An accurate calculation, reckoning twenty-four years to an epoch, would make the 8 Ahau in which the Tutul Xius left their ancient home, begin with the year 173, A.D.,[XIII-18] instead of 144 as Perez gives it. If we compute the epochs at twenty years each, we have 401 as the date when the migration began. I have not attempted to fix the date of the migration from Chiapas, of which this forms a part, further than to place it before the fifth and probably after the second century; but the date 401 agrees better than that of 173 with the general tenor of the authorities, I therefore follow this system in forming the following résumé, although I give in notes the dates of the other system, together with some of Perez' dates.

The Tutul Xius left their ancient home in Chiapas in 401, wandering for eighty-one years before their arrival in 482 at Chacnouitan, or the southern part of the peninsula, under the command of, or together with, Holon Chan Tepeuh.[XIII-19] Ahmecat Tutul Xiu arrived with them or at a later period,[XIII-20] and they remained ninety-nine years in Chacnouitan, down to 581.[XIII-21] Then took place the conquest of Bacalar, where they ruled for sixty years, or from 581 to 641; but at the same time the 4 Ahau, 2 Ahau, 13 Ahau, of this period, correspond to the years 701 to 761, leaving the years 641 to 701 unaccounted for.[XIII-22] During this rule at Bacalar, or at its end, they took possession of Chichen Itza, where they remained for six epochs, or one hundred and twenty years, from 761 to 881.[XIII-23] Then they went to Champoton where the Itzas had been, taking that country in 941,[XIII-24] nothing being said of them during the three epochs from 881 to 941. The Itzas had ruled in Champoton for two hundred and sixty years, from 4 (or better 6) Ahau to 8 Ahau, or from 681, when they were probably driven from Chichen,[XIII-25] to 941 when they were driven out by the Tutul Xius.[XIII-26] The Itzas wandered for two epochs, from 941 to 981, suffering great hardships, and then again obtained fixed homes. Where they settled the record fails to state.[XIII-27]

[Sidenote: TUTUL XIU ANNALS.]

Returning to the annals of the Tutul Xius, in 2 Ahau, 981, Ahcuitok Tutul Xiu settled at Uxmal, where his people ruled conjointly with the kings of Chichen and Mayapan for two hundred years, from 981 to 1181.[XIII-28] In the tenth year of 8 Ahau, or 1191, Chac Xib Chac, and other lords of Chichen, were deposed for some offence against Hunac Eel, the ruler of Mayapan. In the same epoch the Cocome king attacked and defeated the Itza king Ulmil. This war lasted thirty-four years, and was ended before 1221, by the Itzas invading Mayapan.[XIII-29]

Eighty-three years passed, and then in 11 Ahau, between 1281 and 1301, Mayapan was conquered by the Uitzes, or mountaineers; and Mayapan was finally abandoned in 8 Ahau, between 1441 and 1461.[XIII-30] After three epochs more, the Spaniards came for the first time, between 1501 and 1521, sixty years after the destruction of Mayapan.[XIII-31] Between 1521 and 1561, the small-pox ravaged the country, and among its victims was Ahpulá, who died in 1536.[XIII-32] Before 1561 came the Spaniards; and in the next epoch Christianity was introduced, and Bishop Toral arrived.

The first event narrated by the preceding document which seems to have any connection with those taken from other authorities is the establishment of the Tutul Xius at Uxmal, where they ruled during the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth centuries with the monarchs of Mayapan and Chichen Itza. All authorities agree on the prosperity attending the reign of the Cocome monarchs in conjunction with the Tutul Xius at Uxmal. It was perhaps in this period that were built a large proportion of the magnificent structures which as ruins have excited the wonder of the world, and have been fully described in a preceding volume;[XIII-33] although there is no reason to doubt that some of the cities date back to the Xibalban period, to the time of Zamná and his earliest successors. Uxmal and the many cities in its vicinity may be attributed to the Tutul Xius.

The first king of Mayapan after the departure of Cukulcan is generally called Cocom, or Ahcocom, but we know nothing of his successors for some centuries, save Brasseur's conjecture that the four Bacab mentioned by Cogolludo as gods should be reckoned among the number.[XIII-34] At last, probably during the twelfth century, Landa and the other Spanish writers agree that the monarchs at Mayapan began to neglect the interests of their subjects, and to become exceedingly avaricious, oppressing the people by excessive taxation. The first to follow this course of conduct is called by Brasseur Ahtubtun, a name selected from Cogolludo's list of gods for no other apparent reason than that his name signified 'spitter of precious stones,' certainly an indication of extravagance. To his successor this author applies the name Aban and the title Kinehahau. This monarch was even more oppressive than his predecessor, and loud murmurs of discontent began to be heard, but none were strong enough to make any opposition save the Tutul Xius. Either this king or a successor introduced into the country a force of foreign soldiers from Tabasco and southern Vera Cruz, and also established slavery, hitherto unknown in Yucatan.

[Sidenote: OVERTHROW OF THE COCOMES.]

The Tutul Xius began their opposition to the Cocomes by sheltering their oppressed subjects. The third of the tyrants, probably identical with the Hunac Eel of the Perez record, was even more oppressive than those that preceded him, and brought in more foreign soldiers. In 1191 the monarch of Chichen Itza, Chac Xib Chac, was deposed by the tyrant and the deposition enforced by the aid of his foreign auxiliaries. Less than ten years later Hunac Eel with his allies marched again against Chichen, now ruled by a new monarch, Ulmil, and defeated him after a long campaign. The end of the trouble is briefly if not very clearly expressed by the author of the Maya record in the statement that Ulmil before 1221 invaded Mayapan.[XIII-35]

Landa and Herrera relate that the tyranny of the Cocome monarch at last became insupportable, and his subjects with the aid of the Tutul Xius revolted, captured and sacked Mayapan, and put to death the king with all his family, except one son, who chanced to be absent. The king of Uxmal naturally acquired by this overthrow of the Cocome dynasty the supreme power. Ulmil, the Itza king who led the attack against the Cocomes, seems to have received the second place, while the head of the family of Cheles, before high-priest at Mayapan, was given the third rank as king of Izamal. Nearly all the authorities state that Mayapan was destroyed and abandoned at this time; but the dates they give with the fact that this city is mentioned by the Maya record at a much later period, show that it was still inhabited, though deprived of its ancient power.[XIII-36]

The Tutul Xius on their accession to the supreme power, strengthened their popularity by a liberal policy toward all classes, and by restoring those who had been enslaved or exiled by the Cocomes to their former positions. They also permitted the Xicalanca troops introduced by Hunac Eel and his predecessors to remain in the country, and gave them the province of Canul, or Ahcanul, between Uxmal and Campeche, where they soon became a powerful nation.[XIII-37] The son of the Cocome tyrant, who by his absence from Mayapan at the time of the revolt escaped the fate of his family, on his return was permitted to settle with his friends in the province of Zotuta, where he is said to have built Tibulon, and several other towns. Thus was perpetuated with the ancient Cocome family the mortal hatred which that family continued to feel towards their successful rivals.[XIII-38]

[Sidenote: FABLE OF THE DWARF.]

The reign of the Tutul Xius at Uxmal was doubtless the most glorious period of Maya history, but in addition to what has been said we have respecting it only a single tradition which seems to refer to the last king and the overthrow of the dynasty.[XIII-39] An old sorceress lived at Kabah, rarely leaving her chimney corner. Her grandson, a dwarf, by making a hole in her water-jar, kept her a long time at the well one day, and by removing the hearth-stone found the treasure she had so carefully guarded, a silver tunkul and zoot, native instruments. The music produced by the dwarf was heard in all the cities, and the king at Uxmal trembled, for an old prophecy declared that when such music should be heard the monarch must give up his throne to the musician. A peculiar duel was agreed upon between the two, each to have four baskets of cocoyoles, or palm-nuts, broken on his head. The Dwarf was victorious and took the dead king's place, having the Casa del Adivino built for his palace, and the Casa de la Vieja for his grandmother.[XIII-40] The old sorceress soon died, and the new king, freed from all restraint, plunged into all manner of wickedness, until his gods, or idols, abandoned him in anger. But after several attempts the Dwarf made a new god of clay which came to life and was worshiped by the people, who by this worship of an evil spirit soon brought upon themselves destruction at the hands of the outraged deities, and Uxmal was abandoned.

For this tradition we have only Brasseur's conjectural, but not improbable, interpretation to the effect that the Tutul Xiu throne at Uxmal, in the earlier part of the thirteenth century perhaps, was usurped by a chief of another family, known in tradition as the Dwarf, or the Sorcerer. It is not unlikely that the usurping king was of the Cocome family and that he succeeded in his attempt by the aid of the priesthood. Whoever may have been at its head, the new dynasty was in its turn overthrown apparently by religious strife, and Uxmal ceased to be a capital or centre of temporal power in Yucatan, although its temples may still have been occupied by the priesthood. From the fact that the Maya record, or Perez document, speaks only of Mayapan after this period, it is not unlikely that the Tutul Xiu power was transferred to that ancient capital, after the downfall of its representative at Uxmal. Near the end of the thirteenth century Mayapan was conquered by a foreign army of Uitzes, or mountaineers, the reference being perhaps to a raid of one of the earlier Quiché emperors from Utatlan. For a century and a half, a period of contention between rival dynasties and tribes, we have, besides a few reported predictions of coming disaster, only one definite event, the flight of a band of Itzas under Canek, and their settlement on the islands in Lake Peten, where they were found, a most flourishing community, by the Spaniards. No definite date is given to their migration--or elopement, for a lady was at the bottom of the affair, as some say--except by Villagutierre, who places it in 8 Ahau, or between 1441 and 1461.[XIII-41]

Also between 1441 and 1461, Mayapan was finally ruined in the contentions of the factions, and abandoned at the death of a monarch called by some authors Mochan Xiu; the Tutul Xius then seem to have retired to Mani, which was their capital down to the Conquest.[XIII-42] For twenty years after the final destruction of Mayapan the tribes are said to have remained at peace and independent of each other; but the remaining century, down to 1561, was one of almost continual inter-tribal strife, of which there is no detailed record, but which, with hurricanes, famine, deadly pestilence, and constantly recurring omens and predictions of final disaster, so desolated and depopulated the country, that the Spaniards found the Mayas but a mere wreck of what they once had been, fighting bravely, but not unitedly, against the invaders.[XIII-43]

FOOTNOTES:

[XIII-1] On the name of this country see:--Landa, Relacion, and Brasseur, in Id., pp. 6, 8, 42-3; Lizana, in Id., p. 348; Perez MS., in Id., pp. 421, 429; Id., in Stephens' Yucatan, vol. ii., pp. 465, 467; see also vol. i., pp. 139-40; Cogolludo, Hist. Yuc., pp. 60-1, 178-9; Villagutierre, Hist. Conq. Itza, p. 28; Ternaux-Compans, in Nouvelles Annales, tom. xcvii., pp. 30-1; Malte-Brun, Yucatan, pp. 14-15; Gomara, Hist. Ind., fol. 60.

[XIII-2] Landa, Relacion, p. 28; Herrera, dec. iv., lib. x., cap. ii.

[XIII-3] Lizana, in Landa, Relacion, p. 354; Orozco y Berra, Geografía, p. 128. Cogolludo, Hist. Yuc., p. 178, quotes this from Lizana.

[XIII-4] Lizana and Cogolludo, as above. Ternaux-Compans, in Nouvelles Annales, tom. xcvii., p. 32, also reverses the statement of the tradition respecting the relative numbers of the respective colonies.

[XIII-5] Orozco y Berra, Geografía, p. 129.

[XIII-6] Veytia, tom. i., p. 237; Torquemada, tom. i., p. 269; Lizana, in Landa, Relacion, p. 354; Cogolludo, Hist. Yuc., p. 178; Fancourt's Hist. Yuc., p. 115.

[XIII-7] Stephens' Yucatan, vol. ii., pp. 304-8, 342-3, 453-4; Bradford's Amer. Antiq., pp. 201-2; Morelet, Voyage, tom. i., pp. 270-1; Waldeck, Voy. Pitt., pp. 44-5; Mayer's Mex. Aztec, etc., vol. i., pp. 99-100; Wappäus, Geog. u. Stat., pp. 33, 142; Prichard's Researches, vol. v., p. 346; Ternaux-Compans, in Nouvelles Annales, tom. xcvii., pp. 31-2.

[XIII-8] On Zamná, see:--vol. iii., pp. 462-5 of this work; Cogolludo, Hist. Yuc., pp. 178, 192, 196-7; Landa, Relacion, pp. 328-30; Lizana, in Id., p. 356; Brasseur, Hist., tom. i., pp. 78-80; Waldeck, Voy. Pitt., p. 23; Malte-Brun, Yucatan, pp. 15-17.

[XIII-9] On Cukulcan and the Itzas, see:--Herrera, dec. iv., lib. x., cap. ii.; Torquemada, tom. ii., p. 52, tom. iii., p. 133; Cogolludo, Hist. Yuc., pp. 190, 196-7; Landa, Relacion, pp. 34-9, 340-2; Brasseur, Hist., tom. ii., pp. 10-13; Malte-Brun, Yucatan, pp. 15-16; Stephens' Yucatan, vol. i., pp. 140-1.

[XIII-10] In a note to Landa, Relacion, pp. 35, 39; Orozco y Berra, Geografía, pp. 155-6.

[XIII-11] Vol. iii., p. 465; Malte-Brun, Yucatan, pp. 15-16.

[XIII-12] Torquemada, tom. ii., p. 52; Landa, Relacion, pp. 38-45, 54-6; Cogolludo, Hist. Yuc., pp. 179-80; Herrera, dec. iv., lib. x., cap. ii.; Ternaux-Compans, in Nouvelles Annales, tom. xcvii., p. 34; Malte-Brun, Yucatan, pp. 15-6.

[XIII-13] Landa, Relacion, pp. 44-8. 'Le nom des Tutul-Xiu paraît d'origine nahuatl; il serait dérivé de totol, tototl, oiseau, et de xíuitl, ou xíhuitl, herbe, etc. En ceci il n'y aurait rien d'extraordinaire, puisqu'ils sortaient de Tula ou Tulapan, cité qui aurait été la capitale des Nahuas ou Toltèques après leur victoire sur Xibalba.' Brasseur, in Id., p. 47. See also Herrera, dec. iv., lib. x., cap. ii., iii.; Torquemada, tom. iii., p. 132; Cogolludo, Hist. Yuc., pp. 178, 182; Morelet, Voyage, tom. i., p. 271; Gallatin, in Amer. Ethno. Soc., Transact., vol. i., p. 171; Ternaux-Compans, in Nouvelles Annales, tom. xcvii., pp. 34-5.

[XIII-14] This volume, pp. 227-8. Additional study of the subject has caused me to modify considerably in this chapter some of the statements on Maya history contained in vol. ii., pp. 118-20.

[XIII-15] Stephens' Yucatan, vol. ii., pp. 465-9; Brasseur, in Landa, Relacion, pp. 420-9.

[XIII-16] For an account of this system of Ahau Katunes and the order of their succession, see vol. ii., pp. 762-5.

[XIII-17] See vol. ii., pp. 762-5.

[XIII-18] In his Hist. Nat. Civ., Brasseur follows this system and repeatedly gives 174 (171 on p. 228 of this volume is a misprint) as the date of this migration, using it indeed to fix the date of the migration of the Toltecs and Quichés from Tulan; but he adopts the other theory in his notes to Landa's work.

[XIII-19] Reckoning an epoch as 24 years, the migration lasted from 173 to 270, or 97 years instead of 81, as in the text. Perez has it from 144 to 217, or 73 years, which agrees neither with the text nor with his own theory.

[XIII-20] As late as 661 or 485, if Perez' statement of 8 Ahau be accepted, which is inconsistent with the whole record.

[XIII-21] From 218 to 360, according to Perez; or according to his statement that four epochs elapsed, from 270 to 366.

[XIII-22] 360 to 432, Perez; 533 to 605, on the basis of 24 years to an epoch.

[XIII-23] 432 to 576, Perez; 605 to 725 on the basis of 24 years to an epoch.

[XIII-24] Or 821 according to the other system.

[XIII-25] We have seen above that there is some confusion about the date of the Tutul Xius taking Chichen.

[XIII-26] In his commentary, Perez applies this stay of 13 epochs to the Tutul Xius, although the text seems to state the contrary, making them live in Champoton from 576 to 888; or if he had added simply the 260 years of the text, 576 to 836; or if he had correctly adapted his chronology to his own theory, from 821 to 1133. On a basis of 24 years to a Katun the stay of the Itzas at Champoton, as given in the text, was from 533 to 821.

[XIII-27] 888-936, Perez; 821-869, on the basis of 24 years. Perez, applying this wandering to the Tutul Xius, makes them settle again at Chichen.

[XIII-28] 936-1176, Perez; 869-1109, on basis of 24 years, but this of course would not agree with the two hundred years of the text.

[XIII-29] Perez makes these events, which he seems to regard as two or three distinct wars, fill the time from 1176 to 1258. From 1119 to 1157, on a basis of 24 years.

[XIII-30] 1258 to 1368, Perez; 1229 to 1445, on the basis of 24 years. Perez admits in his commentary only one destruction of Mayapan in 1308.

[XIII-31] Or, on a basis of 24 years to a Katun, between 1493 and 1517. Either of these dates agrees very well with the facts, since Córdova reached the coast of Yucatan in 1517, and Gerónimo de Aguilar was wrecked there, probably some years earlier. But Perez dates their arrival between 1392 and 1488, before America was discovered!

[XIII-32] Perez directly contradicts the text in placing this death in 1493.

[XIII-33] Vol. iv., pp. 140-285.

[XIII-34] Cogolludo, Hist. Yuc., p. 197.

[XIII-35] It seems to me very probable that there is an error or omission by the copyist or translator in this part of the document.

[XIII-36] On this revolution see:--Landa, Relacion, pp. 48-52, 56. This author calls the Chel prince Achchel, and calls him the son-in-law of a venerable priest in Mayapan. Herrera, dec. iv., lib. x., cap. ii., iii.; Cogolludo, Hist. Yuc., pp. 60, 178-9; Lizana, in Landa, Relacion, p. 350; Villagutierre, Hist. Conq. Itza, p. 28; Brasseur, Hist., tom. ii., pp. 32-40, 48-9. This author calls him Ahalin Chel, and their province Cicontun. Ternaux-Compans, in Nouvelles Annales, tom. xcvii., pp. 31, 35; Gallatin, in Amer. Ethno. Soc., Transact., vol. i., pp. 172-3; Prichard's Researches, vol. v., p. 347; Malte-Brun, Yucatan, pp. 20-1; Stephens' Yuc., vol. i., pp. 140-1.

[XIII-37] Brasseur, Hist., tom. ii., pp. 41-2, tells us that their province was called Calkini, and the people, from their ruler, took the name of Ahcanuls; and also that they built or enlarged the cities of Sabacché, Labná, and Pokboc. (See vol. iv., pp. 211-8) The only authority for the latter statement is probably the location of these ruins in a general southern direction from Uxmal. Cogolludo says the natives of Conil and Choàca, called Kupules, were the most warlike in Yucatan. Hist. Yuc., p. 143; see also Landa, Relacion, p. 54; Herrera, dec. iv., lib. x., cap. iii.

[XIII-38] Landa, Relacion, pp. 54-5; Herrera, dec. iv., lib. x., cap. iii.; Brasseur, Hist., tom. ii., p. 42; Cogolludo, Hist. Yuc., p. 143; Malte-Brun, Yucatan, p. 20.

[XIII-39] Registro Yuc., tom. ii., pp. 261-72. The tradition is given in the form of a dialogue between a visitor to the ruins and a native of extraordinary intelligence, who claimed to be well acquainted with the historical traditions of his race. Brasseur, Hist., tom. ii., pp. 578-88, gives what is probably an extended translation of the article referred to. Stephens, Cent. Amer., vol. ii., pp. 423-5, obtained from a native a tradition similar in some respects, so far as it goes, which is translated by Charnay, Ruines Amér., pp. 369-71.

[XIII-40] See vol. iv., pp. 172, 192-7.

[XIII-41] Cogolludo, Hist. Yuc., pp. 507-8; Villagutierre, Hist. Conq. Itza, pp. 29-31, 401-2, 488-91; Waldeck, Voy. Pitt., pp. 24, 36, 41; Stephens' Yucatan, vol. ii., p. 200; Gondra, in Prescott, Hist. Conq. Mex., tom. iii., p. 98; Ternaux-Compans, in Nouvelles Annales, tom. xcvii., pp. 51-2; Squier's Cent. Amer., pp. 547, 550-1.

[XIII-42] Herrera, dec. iv., lib. x., cap. ii., iii.; Torquemada, tom. iii., p. 132; Cogolludo, Hist. Yuc., pp. 100, 179; Landa, Relacion, pp. 50-2, 62; Villagutierre, Hist. Conq. Itza, p. 28; Stephens' Yucatan, vol. i., pp. 140-1; Gallatin, in Amer. Ethno. Soc., Transact., vol. i., pp. 172-3. Landa makes the date 100 years before the Conquest, that is 1446. Villagutierre and Cogolludo say 1420. Herrera says 70 years before the arrival of the Spaniards, and 500 years after its foundation. Gallatin makes it 1517 or 1536.

[XIII-43] Landa, Relacion, pp. 58-64; Herrera, dec. ii., lib. iii., cap. i., dec. iv., lib. x., cap. iii.; Cogolludo, Hist. Yuc., pp. 97-100, 185; Gomara, Hist. Ind., fol. 63; Villagutierre, Hist. Conq. Itza, pp. 35-7; Torquemada, tom. iii., pp. 132-3; Alcedo, Dicc., tom. iii., p. 473; Remesal, Hist. Chyapa, pp. 245-6.

INDEX.

The Index refers alphabetically to each of the ten or twelve thousand subjects mentioned in the five volumes of the work, with numerous cross-references to and from such headings as are at all confused by reason of variations in orthography or from other causes. In describing aboriginal manners and customs, the tribes are grouped in families, and each family, instead of each tribe, has been described separately; consequently, after each tribal name in the Index is a reference to the pages containing a description of the family to which the tribe belongs; there is also an additional reference to such pages as contain any 'special mention' of the tribe. For example, information is sought about the Ahts. In the Index is found 'Ahts, tribe of Nootkas, i., 175-208; special mention, i., 177, 180-1,' etc. All the matter relating to the Nootka family on pp. 175-208, is supposed to apply to the Ahts as well as to the other tribes of the family, except such differences as may be noted on pp. 177, 180-1, etc. If information is sought respecting the burial rites or any particular custom of the Ahts, a more direct reference to the exact pages will be found under 'Nootkas,' where the matter relating to that family is subdivided. The matter in the last three chapters of vol. v. is referred to in the earlier letters of the Index by chapters instead of pages. No table of abbreviations used is believed to be needed.

A

Aba, iii., 354, see Aoa.

Abah (Abagh), Tzendal day, ii., 767; name for Atitlan, v., chap. xi.

Abajo Val., Hond., antiq., iv., 70.

Aban, Mayapan ruler, v., chap. xiii.

Abbato-tinneh, Kutchin dialect, iii., 587.

Abchuy Kak, Maya god, iii., 467.

Abiquiu, locality of Utahs, i., 465.

Abmoctacs, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 452.

Abó, New Mex., antiq., iv., 663.

Abortion, i., 169, 197, 242, 279, 390, 634, 773; ii., 183, 269, 469-70.

Abrevadero, Jalisco, antiq., iv., 577.

Ac, herb, Yucatan, ii., 698.

Acacebastla, locality, Cent. Amer., iii., 760.

Acachinanco, locality, Mexico, iii., 298; v., 507.

Acagchemems, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, iii., 162; myth., iii., 162-9, 525.

Acagnikakh, Aleut 1st man, iii., 104.

Acahualcingo (Acahualtzinco, Tlalixco), Aztec station, v., 323.

Acala, city, Chiapas, i., 681.

Acalan, city, Guatemala, ii., 650; v., 347.

Acalli, canoes, ii., 398.

Acamapichtli I. king of Culhuacan, v., 341-54.

Acamapichtli II., king of Mexico, v., 354-62, 492.

Acanum, Maya god, ii., 698.

Acapichtzin, Toltec hero, v., 213, 246.

Acapipioltzin, a Chichimec prince, v., 428, 450-1.

Acaponeta, province in Jalisco, i., 609, 671; v., 509.

Acapulco, city in Guerrero, i., 678, ii., 109.

Acat, Maya god, iii., 467.

Acatentehua, a Tlascaltec chief, v., 497.

Acatic, town, Jalisco, i., 672.

Acatl, Nahua calendar-sign, ii., 505; iii., 57, Toltec chief, v., 243.

Acatlan, suburb of Mex., ii., 560; v., chap. x.

Acatomatl, a Chichimec chief, v., 293.

Acatonal, a Xochimilca chief, v., 309.

Acatzingo, city, Puebla, v., 420.

Acatzintitlan, locality, Mex., v., 345.

Acaucalli, Aztec chapel, iii., 346.

Acauhtzin (Achcauhtzin, Axcauhtzin), Chichimec king, v., 285, 290-1.

Acaxées (Acaxas), North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 572; special mention, i., 585, 589-90; location, i., 614; language, iii., 718-19.

Acayetl, Nahua pipe, ii., 231, 287.

Acayucan, town, Oajaca, i., 646.

Acchioc, Mosquito drink, i., 739.

Accouchement, see Women.

Acequias, see Canals and Irrigation.

Acexcoch, name of Tezcatlipoca, iii., 246.

Achastliens (Achastliés, Achastliers), Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 363; lang., iii., 653-4.

Achcacauhti, Aztec old men, ii., 137.

Achcacauhtzin, Tezcucan ambassadors, ii., 422.

Achcauhtin, Nahua military order, ii., 403.

Achcauhtli, Nahua priestly order, ii., 313.

Achcauhtzin, v., 245, 290, see Achcuhtzin and Icauhtzin.

Acheto-tena, i., 149, see Daho-tena.

Achi, Guatemala tribe, i., 687-711; location, i., 787; lang., iii., 760.

Achihab, Quiché nobles, ii., 639; v., chap. xi.

Achilla, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 454.

Achillimo, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-422; location, i., 459.

Achiotl (Achiolt), dye-plant, i., 724; ii., 486.

Achitometl I., Culhua king, v., 256, 303, 316-20, 330-1.

Achitometl II., Culhua king, v., 354.

Achiuhtla, city in Oajaca, conquest of, v., 461; chap. x.

Achnutschik, Koniaga male concubine, i., 82.

Achote, food, South Mex., i., 652, 654.

Acla, Isthmian tribe, i., 747-85; location, i., 795; language, iii., 794.

Acnagis, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 452.

Acoahunotl, ii., 436, see Quauhnochtli.

Acoculco, locality, Mexico, v., 339.

Acolhuacan (Aculhuacan), Nahua kingdom, i., 676; hist., v., 323, 333-482.

Acolhuas (Aculhuas), Nahua nation, i., 617-44; ii., 133-629; loc., i., 676; spec. mention, ii., 92, 104, 125, 491-2, 134-6, 162-3, 231, 246-7, 367, 569, 589; myth., iii., 63, 195; lang., iii., 724-5; hist., v., 303-20, 359-494; see also Culhuas, with whom they are often confounded.

Acolhuatl, name of Chichimecatl, iii., 250.

Acolhua-tlalli, war lands of Acolhuacan, ii., 225.

Acolman (Aculma), city of Mexico, ii., 441; iii., 63; v., 20, 380, 388, 395, 476.

Acolmiztli, name for Nezahualcoyotl, v., 372; lord of Cuitlahuac, v., 409.

Acolnahuac, station, Aztec migration, v., 323, 324.

Acolnahuacatl, Tepanec king, v., 330-41, 365-6.

Acoloa, Nahua god, iii., 418.

Acoltas, tribe of Haidahs, i., 156-174; special mention, i., 174.

Acoma, town and tribe of Pueblos, i., 526-556; location, i., 600; special mention, i., 527; language, iii., 681-2; antiq., iv., 665-6.

Aconchi, town, Sonora, i., 606.

Aconite, Koniaga poison, i., 79.

Acopilco, locality, Mexico, v., 339.

Acorns, food in California, i., 339, 373-5, 406.

Acotelulco, ward of Tlascala city, v., 503.

Acoti, town of Pueblos, i., 527.

Acotoch, v., 317, see Ocotox.

Actopan, Mex., antiq., iv., 545.

Acuco, New Mex., antiq., iv., 674.

Acuecuejotl, name of Chalchihuitlicue, iii., 367.

Acul, Guatemala tribe, i., 687-711; hist., v., chap. xi.

Aculhua, Tepanec king, v., 320.

Aculhuacan, i., 676, see Acolhuacan.

Aculhuas, ii., 125, see Acolhuas.

Aculhua Tecuhtli, name for Quanez, v., 491.

Aculma, iii., 63; v., 20, see Acolman.

Aculmaitl, Tezcucan 1st man, iii., 63.

Aculnaoacatl, name of Mictlantecutli, iii., 396.

Acul Vinak, Maya nation, i., 687-711; ii., 630-803; special mention, v., chap. xi.

Acuragua, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 460.

Acus, town of Pueblos, i., 527.

Acutee, Guatemala tribe, i., 687-711; location, i., 789.

Acweek, Nootka title, i., 194.

Acxiquat, Zutugil king, v., chap. xi.

Acxitl (Meconetzin), Toltec king, v., 270-86, chap. xi.

Acxopal (Acxopil), Quiché king, v., chap. xi.

Acxopal, a Toltec noble, v., 297.

Acxoquauh (Acxocuauh, Acxoquauhtli, Acxiquat), a Toltec prince and Culhua king, v., 299-300, 358; a Zutugil ruler, v., chapter xi.

Acxotecas, tribe of Teotenancas, v., 280.

Acyums, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 463-401; location, i., 452.

Adacs, Lower Cal. tribe, i., 556-71; location, i., 603.

Addresses, see Speeches.

Adams County, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 771.

Adkayom, sacrificer, Guat., iii., 488.

Admiralty Inlet, i., 208, 298, 302.

Admiralty Island, i., 143.

Adobe, building material, i., 535-6, 575, 624, 651, 692; ii., 557-73; iv., 473, 607, 626-83, 718-42, see also Earth.

Adultery, i., 350-1, 390, 412, 509-10, 660, 728-9, 770; ii., 464-6, 658, 673-5, see also Fornication.

Adze, Koniaga and Nootka implement, i., 80, 189.

Aé, Acagchemem 1st woman, iii., 164.

Aestaca, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 454.

Affats-tena, tribe of Nehannes, i., 149.

Agaab, Guatemala tribe, i., 687-711; location, i., 789; special mention, v., chap. xi.

Agalta Valley, Hond., antiq., iv., 70.

Agaraits, North Cal. tribe, i., 327-61; location, i., 445.

Agate, i., 343, 495; ii., 164, 751; iv., 469, 479, 554, 678, 715.

Agave, see Maguey.

Ages of the World, Nahua myth., ii., 504-5; iii., 64-5.

Aggitikkahs, tribe of Shoshones, i., 422-42; location, i., 463.

Aghual, Chiapan day, ii., 767.

Aglegmutes (Aglegmjuten, Agolegmüten, Oglemutes), tribe of Koniagas, i., 70-87; loc., i., 70, 139-40.

Agrazenuqua, tribe of Isthmians, i., 747-85; location, i., 795.

Agriculture, Hyperboreans, i., 107; Columbians, i., 162, 234, 267; Californians, i., 323-5, 430; iv., 696; New Mexicans, i., 487-9, 501, 538-9, 543; iv., 619, 623, 632, 636, 676-7; Mexicans, i., 24, 576, 578, 625, 630, 652-3; ii., 343-50, 480; iii., 274; iv., 429-431, 442; Cent. Americans, i., 694, 719, 758-9; ii., 653, 701, 717-20; iv., 21.

Agtism, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 454.

Aguacateca, lang., Guat., iii., 760.

Aguaceros, North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 612.

Aguachapa, town of Pipiles, ii., 752.

Aguadas, see Reservoirs.

Aguama, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Aguardiente, South Mexican drink, i., 664.

Aguasajuchium, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 463-401; location, i., 453.

Aguascalientes, antiq., iv., 593.

Aguasto, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 453.

Aguatubi, Moqui village and tribe, i., 526-56; special mention, i., 601.

Aguin, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 458.

Agulmutes (Agulmüten, Aguljmjuten), tribe of Koniagas, i., 70-87; loc., i., 70, 140; spec. mention, i., 80.

Ah, Quiché-Cakchiquel day, ii., 767.

Ah-Actulul, Guatemala tribe, i., 687-711; location, i., 789.

Ahacus, Pueblo village, i., 527.

Ahahuete, iii., 66, see Ahuehuete.

Ahapchingas, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 460.

Ahau, Maya title and day, ii., 636, 756, 760; v., 21.

Ahau Ah Gucumatz, Quiché title, ii., 644; iii., 489.

Ahau Ahpop, Quiché title, ii., 639, 643; v., chap. xi.

Ahau Ahpop Camha, Quiché title, ii., 639, 643; v., chap. xi.

Ahau Ah Tohil, Quiché title, ii., 639, 644; iii., 489.

Ahau Ahtzic Winak, Quiché title, ii., 644.

Ahau Avilix (Awilix), Quiché title, ii., 644; iii., 489.

Ahau Can Mai, iii., 472, see Ahkin Mai.

Ahau Chamahez, Maya god, ii., 697.

Ahau Gagavitz, Quiché title, ii., 644; iii., 489.

Ahau Galel, Quiché title, ii., 644.

Ahau Galel Camha, Quiché title, ii., 644.

Ahau Katunes, Maya cycle, ii., 762-5.

Ahau Quiché, Quiché royal family, ii., 643-4; v., chap. xi.

Ahazats, tribe of Nootkas, i., 175-208; location, i., 296-7.

Ahbuluc Balam, Maya god, ii., 701.

Ahcan, Quiché noble and priest, v., chap. xi.

Ahcan Uolcab, Maya god, ii., 701.

Ahcanail, Quiché personage, v., chap. xi.

Ahcanuls, Yuc. province and people, v., chap. xiii.

Ahchaoh, Quiché judges, ii., 642.

Ahcitz, Maya god, ii., 698.

Ahcocom, ruler at Mayapan, Yuc., v., chap. xiii.

Ahcuitok Tutul Xiu, ruler at Uxmal, Yuc., v., chap. xiii.

Ahcunal, ruler at Uxmal, Yucatan, v., chap. xiii.

Ah Hulneb, Maya chief and god, see Ahulneb.

Aheltahs, North Cal. tribe, i., 327-61; location, i., 445.

Ahgih, Maya astrologer, ii., 679.

Ahgishanakhou, mythic personage, iii., 103, 146.

Ahikia, Chinook game, i., 244.

Ahkak Nexoi, Maya god, ii., 698.

Ahkin, Maya priests, iii., 472.

Ahkin Mai (Ahau Can Mai), Maya high-priest, iii., 472.

Ahkin Xooc, Yuc. prince, Chichen Itza, v., chap. xiii.

Ahknil Chel, Yuc. high-priest, Chichen Itza, v., chap. xiii.

Ahlela, village of Moquis, i., 528, 600.

Ahmak, Quiché-Cakchiquel day, ii., 767.

Ahmecat Tutul Xiu, Yuc. prince, v., chap. xiii.

Ahmoxnag, Cakchiquel prince, v., chap. xi.

Ah-Oanem, Guatemala tribe, i., 687-711; location, i., 789.

Ahomamas, North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; special mention, i., 576, 585, 590.

Ahomes (Ahomoas), North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; loc., i., 572, 607-8; spec. men., i., 584-5; lang., iii., 707.

Ahousets (Ahousahts, Ahowzarts), tribe of Nootkas, i., 175-208; location, i., 295.

Ahpop, Quiché title, ii., 639, 643; v., chap. xi.

Ahpop Camha, Quiché title, ii., 639, 643; v., chap. xi.

Ahpop Qamahay, Cakchiquel title, ii., 640; v., chap. xi.

Ahpoxahil, (Ahpop Xahil), Cakchiquel title, ii., 640; v., chap. xi.

Ahpozotzil, Cakchiquel title, ii., 640; v., chap. xi.

Ahpua, Maya god, ii., 698.

Ahqahb, Quiché title, v., chap. xi.

Ahqib (Ahqixb), Quiché title, v., chap. xi.

Ahquehayi, Quiché nobles, v., chap. xi.

Ah-tenas, i., 149, see Atnas.

Ahtepal, Maya title, ii., 634; v., chap. xiii.

Ahts, tribe of Nootkas, i., 175-208; loc., i., 175, 297; spec. mention, i., 177, 180-1, 186, 188-9, 191-2, 194, 197, 205; myth., iii., 96, 520-1; lang., iii., 608; origin, v., 19.

Ahtubtun, Yuc. ruler, Mayapan, v., chap. xiii.

Ahtzic Winak, Quiché title, v., chap. xi.

Ah-Tziquinaha (Ah Tziquinihayi), Guatemala tribe, i., 687-711; location, i., 789; hist., v., chap. xi.

Ah-Tzakol-Quet (Queh), Guatemala tribe, i., 687-711; location, i., 789.

Ah-Tzuque, Guatemala tribe, i., 687-711; location, i., 789.

Ahuacachapullin, a locust, iii., 380.

Ahuales, officials, Guat., i., 702.

Ahualulcos, South Mex. tribe, i., 645-70; location, i., 645, 682; special mention, i., 652, 658.

Ahuamhoue, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Ahuanga, village, South Cal., i., 460.

Ahuauhtli, eggs of the Axayacatl, ii., 356.

Ahuayopan, locality, Puebla, v., 490.

Ahuchan Xahil, Cakchiquel title, ii., 640; v., chap. xi.

Ahuehuete (Ahahuete), cypress-tree, iii., 66; iv., 502.

Ahuehuepa, Mex., antiq., iv., 496.

Ahuic, name of Chalchihuitlicue, iii., 367.

Ahuilizapan, ancient name of Orizava, v., 418.

Ahuitzotl, king of Mexico, v., 417, 424, 439-55, 499-501.

Ahulneb (Ah Hulneb), Maya god, iii., 466; v., chap. xiii.

Ahwahnachees, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 452.

Ahwashtes (Ahwastees), Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; loc., i., 363, 453.

Ah Witzil, Yuc. name for Quichés, v., chap. xiii.

Ah Xiu, ruler at Mayapan, Yuc., v., chap. xiii.

Ahytza, Quiché prince, v., chap. xi.

Aiacachtli, Totonac rattle, i., 635.

Aiauh, name of Chalchihuitlicue, iii., 367.

Aiauhcalco, Nahua shrine, iii., 347.

Aiauhquemitl, priest's mantle, iii., 339.

Aibino, North Mex. lang., iii., 707.

Aijados, tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location, i., 599.

Air, a Nahua symbol, iii., 129.

Aisish, root used for food, i., 265.

Aitizzarts, tribe of Nootkas, i., 175-208; location, i., 295-6.

Aixas, tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location, i., 599.

Aixtilcuechahuac, v., 250, see Ixtlilcuechahuac.

Ají, name of chile, i., 759.

Ajmak, Guatemalan god, iii., 482.

Ajuchitlan, town in Guerrero, i., 678.

Akab, Maya night, ii., 755.

Akab-Tzib, hieroglyph at Chichen, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 225; name of a person, v., chap. xiii.

Akahales (Akales), Guatemala tribe, i., 687-711; ii., 630-803; hist., v., chap. xi.

Akbal, Maya day, ii., 756, 760, 767.

Aké, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 245.

Aketsum (Kachuma), village, South California, i., 459.

Akil, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 220.

Akun Island, i., 141.

Akutan Island, i., 141.

Akutans, tribe of Aleuts, i., 87-94; location, i., 141.

Alabaster, ii., 557, 751, 787.

Alachschak, i., 37, see Alaska.

Alacupusyuen, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 458.

Alaguilac, Guatemala lang., iii., 760.

Alahuiztlan, city of Guerrero, v., 442.

Aläksu, i., 37, see Alaska.

Alameda County, Cal., antiq., iv., 710.

Alames, South Mex. tribe, i., 645-70; location, i., 645.

Alamitos, village, South Cal., i., 460.

Alamos, village, Sonora, i., 606-7.

Alasapas (Alazapas), North Mexican tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 611.

Alaska (Aliaska, Aläksu, Alachschak, Aläsku, Alaxa, Alasca, Alyaska, Alayeksa, Aläschka, Aljaska), name, i., 37-8; nations and tribes described, i., 37-137; loc. of tribes, i., 35-40, 137-149; myth., iii., 98-106, 122, 128-131, 141-9, 507, 516-18; lang., iii., 557-8, 575-603, 662-3; antiq., iv., 742.

Alaya, a village of Sabaibos, i., 614.

Alayeksa, i., 37, see Alaska.

Albatross, Ceri dress, i., 574.

Albatuinas (Albatuins), tribe of Mosquitos, i., 712-47; loc., i., 713; spec. mention, i., 746; lang., iii., 783.

Alberni, village, Vancouver Island, i., 297.

Albinos, i., 423, 530, 750; ii., 166.

Alcax, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Alceas, i., 250, see Alseas.

Alchedumas (Alchedomas), tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location, i., 598; language, iii., 685.

Alchones (Olchones), Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 453-4; spec. mention, i., 365; myth., iii., 161.

Aleis, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 306.

Aletas, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 452.

Aleupkignas, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 460.

Aleutian Archipelago, i., 38, 87, 141; iii., 577-8; iv., 742; v., 28-9.

Aleuts (Aleyuts), one of the five families into which the Hyperboreans are divided, manners and customs of all its nations and tribes described together, i., 87-94; physique, i., 88; dress, i., 88-9; dwellings, i., 89; food, i., 90; weapons and war, i., 90-1; implts. and manuf., i., 91; marriage, women, government, i., 92; amusements, i., 92-3; burial, i., 93; character, i., 93-4; loc. of tribes, i., 38, 87, 141-2; myth., iii., 104-5, 144-5, 507, 518; lang., iii., 577-80; origin, v., 19.

Alexander Archipelago, i., 293.

Aleyas, i., 307, see Alseas.

Aleytacs, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 452.

Algonkins (Algonquins), location, i., 25; origin, v., 22.

Aliaska, i., 37, see Alaska.

Aliquachiek, i., 347, see Allicochick.

Alizway, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Aljaska, i., 37, see Alaska.

Aljiman, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Alkollock, game played by Colvilles, i., 280-1.

All, Towka young man, i., 732.

Allequas, North Cal. tribe, i., 327-61; spec. mention, i., 329-31, 333, 341, 348, 350; myth., iii., 525.

Alliances, see Treaties.

Allicochick (Aliquachiek), shell money, North Cal., i., 347.

Alligators, i., 579, 696, 759; ii., 721; iv., 101.

Alloy, ii., 474, 749.

Allvatalama, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Alparagats, Mosquito sandals, i., 716.

Alseas (Alceas, Alseyas, Aleyas, Ulseahs), tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 307-8; special mention, i., 250.

Alsea Bay, i., 308.

Altahmos (Altajumos), Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; loc., i., 363, 452-3.

Altamia, Oajaca, antiq., iv., 373.

Altamira, village, Tamaulipas, i., 613.

Altanuis, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 452.

Altar, village in Sonora, i., 602.

Altars, ii., 307, 571, 582, 689, 799; iii., 239, 332; iv., 32, 61-2, 94-9, 111-14, 257-9, 277, 334, 345-6, 371, 382, 436, 443, 456, 541, 545, 587, 646, 703, 774.

Altaville, California, antiq., iv., 703.

Altepatlalli, Nahua lands, ii., 226.

Aluenchis, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 452.

Alum, ii., 474, 487.

Alyaska, i., 37, see Alaska.

Alzatlan, town, North Mex., i., 622.

Am, Maya conjuring stones, ii., 697.

Amacavas, tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location, i., 599.

Amacui, a Chichimec chief, v., 295-6, see Xolotl II.

Amadaappigalla, season of the year, Lower Cal., i., 564.

Amaddappi, season of the year, Lower Cal., i., 564.

Amador Co., Cal., i., 450; iv., 707.

Amag-Dan, town, Guatemala, i., 789; v., chap. xi.

Amalcum, Maya god, ii., 698.

Amalinalpan, station, Aztec migration, v., 324.

Amamaxtla, medical root, ii., 599.

Amanteca, Nahua feather-worker, ii., 489-91.

Amantla, a ward in city of Mex., ii., 490.

Amaquemecan, ancient home of Chichimecs, iv., 580; v., 219, 289, 301, 314.

Amaquetepec, Chichimec station, v., 242, 487.

Amaranth, ii., 329, 333, 356, 616; iii., 241, 297, 344, 371, 395.

Amasmaxtli, paper dress, ii., 323.

Amatetevitl (Amateteuitl), paper ornaments, iii., 333, 362.

Amatique Gulf, iii., 726; v., chap. xi.

Amatitlan (Amatitan), town, Guat., i., 787-8; ii., 651.

Amatitlan Lake, antiq., iv., 121.

Amatl, Nahua paper, ii., 485, 524.

Amatlan de los Reyes, Vera Cruz, antiq., iv., 434-5.

Amatzin, king of Tlatelulco, v., 364.

Amaxtlan, province, Oajaca, v., 447, chap. x.

Amaytun lamayte (Lamaytun), Maya division of Cycle, ii., 762.

Ambassadors, i., 388, 628, 723, 729-30, 770; ii., 254, 412-13, 419-23, 462, 607, 646, 666-8.

Ambawtawhoot-Tinneh (Sheep Indians), tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-137; location, i., 145; special mention, i., 121; language, iii., 585.

Amber, i., 72, 649-51; ii., 732.

Ambush, i., 264, 496-7, 628, 697; ii., 426-7.

Amechichi, Tezcucan title, ii., 189; v., 350.

American River, i., 450.

Ameyal, a Toltec prince, v., 313, 316.

Amimitl, Nahua god, iii., 410.

Amitaguas, North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 611.

Amolli, soap-plant, ii., 491.

Amonces, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 363, 456.

Amotenenqua, name of Napatecutli, iii., 417.

Amoxoaque, Nahua prophets, v., 189.

Amoxtli, water-plant, ii., 365.

Ampayouts, i., 441, see Yam Pah Utes.

Amusements, Hyperboreans, i., 66-7, 84-5, 92-3, 119, 131; Columbians, i., 169-71, 180-1, 198-201, 219, 243-5, 280-2; Californians, i., 351-4, 392-4, 415-17, 437-8; New Mexicans, i., 515-17, 549-53, 566-7, 586-7; Mexicans, i., 635-6, 664-5; ii., 283-301, 399; Central Americans, i., 704-7, 735-9, 774-6; ii., 711-14.

Amusgo, South Mex., lang., ii., 752.

Amutajas, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 452.

Anacanas, North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 613.

Anacarck, i., 458, see Anacbuc.

Anacbuc (Anacarck), South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 458.

Anáhuac, name, i., 18; ii., 87-8; for nations and tribes, myth., lang., antiq., and hist., see Mexico.

Anáhuac Ayotlan, Oajacan coast region, ii., 111; v., chap. x.

Anáhuac Mountains, name for Utah Mountains, i., 465.

Anáhuac Xicalanco, Tabascan coast region, ii., 111; v., 196.

Anajue (Anijue), South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Analco, village, Jalisco, i., 672.

Analtés (Analtehes, Analtees), Maya books, ii., 768-9.

Anamás (Anamons), Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 452.

Anayicoyondi, Pericúi goddess, iii., 169.

Ancasiguais, North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 613.

Ancasmarca Mountain, v., 15.

Anchins, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 452.

Ancoose Lake, i., 443.

Anderson Lake, i., 311.

Anderson Valley, i., 362, 449.

Andreanovski (Andrejanowschen) Island, i., 87, 142.

Anegas, i., 293, see Hanegas.

Angels, iii., 492-3, 540.

Anian Strait, v., 79.

Aniche Island, Michoacan, antiq., iv., 571.

Anijue, i., 459, see Anajue.

Animals, myth., iii., 37, 127-139; diffusion of, v., 29-30.

Animal-sculpture or images, ii., 750-1; iv., 24, 39-51, 100-1, 112-14, 122, 137, 163-8, 173, 175, 183-9, 216, 226-31, 235, 317-20, 386-8, 436, 467-9, 481-2, 488, 493, 497-8, 500-1, 519-20, 538, 548, 575, 590-5.

Animpayamos, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 455.

Ankle-ornaments, i., 574; ii., 290, 372; iii., 385.

An-Kutchin, i., 147, see Han Kutchin.

Anlygmutes (Anlygmjuten, Anlygmüten), tribe of Koniagas, i., 70-87; location, i., 70, 141.

Anointing, ii., 144-7, 422, 641; iii., 435.

Ansaymas, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 454.

Antelope, see Deer.

Antelope Peak, i., 595.

Antiquities, Cent. America, ii., 116-18; iv., 15-139; v., 58-61; Mexican Republic, ii., 749-51; iii., 398; iv., 143-614; v., 55-8; New Mexico, i., 537-8; iv., 616-686; California and North West, iv., 688-743; Mississippi Valley, iv., 744-90; v., 93-5, 114; Peru, iv., 791-806; Brazil, v., 123; Bibliography of, iv., 2-4, 150-1, 289-94, 377-8, 390-1, 483, 621-5; See names of states and localities.

Ants, i., 419, 428, 568, 762; ii., 176, 356.

Aoa (Aba), Nahua festival character, iii., 354.

Apaches (Apatschees), one of the four families into which the New Mexicans are divided. Manners and customs of all its nations and tribes described together, i., 473-526; physique, i., 477-9; dress, i., 480-4; dwellings, i., 485-7; food, i., 487-92; weapons, i., 493-6; war, i., 496-500; impl'ts and manufactures, i., 500-5; boats and property, i., 505-6; art, i., 506-7; government, i., 507-10; slavery, i., 510-11; women and marriage, i., 511-15; amusements, i., 515-17; miscellaneous customs, i., 517-21; medicine and burial, i., 521-4; character, i., 524-6; location of tribes, i., 473-5, 591-9; iii., 593-5; myth., iii., 132, 135, 170; lang., iii., 584, 593-603.

Apalaches, lang., iii., 727.

Apalamu, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 453.

Apan, station, Aztec migration, v., 324.

Apanco, station, Aztec migration, v., 323.

Apanecatl, a Toltec noble, v., 254.

Apantecutli, Nahua god, v., 193.

Apasco (Apazco), station, Aztec migration, v., 323-4.

Apatamnès, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 453.

Apaugasi, Cent. Cal. lang., iii., 650.

Apaxtle, a Nahua vessel, ii., 272.

Apay, Cent. Amer. lang., iii., 760.

Apes, North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 611; see also Monkeys.

Apetlac, Nahua place in temple, iii., 387.

Apil, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 454.

Apoala, town, Oajaca, iii., 71; v., chap. x.

Apoplexy, i., 247.

Apotheosis, ii., 618, 693, 699, 801; iii., 25-6, 32, 271, 308, 399, 457, 473; v., 205, 226, 249-50, 255, 264, chap. xi., xii., xiii.

Apozolco, a mission in Cent. Mex., i., 672.

Apozonallotl, name of Chalchihuitlicue, iii., 367.

Apparitions, Mex. hist., v., 467-9.

Appeal, right of, ii., 434-7, 445, 656.

Apple-tree Cove, i., 301.

Apuasto, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 453.

Aquamish, tribe of Nootkas, i., 175-208; location, i., 295.

Aquarius Mountains, i., 597.

Aquas Calientes, South Cal., i., 460.

Aqueducts, ii., 169, 563, 565-6; iv., 121, 341-2, 447, 522-4, 611, 798, 801; v., 422, 452-3.

Aquiach, Nahua title, v., 264, 486.

Aquilasco, ancient Nahua home, v., 221, 309.

Ara, deified bird, ii., 212; v., 16.

Arabic, lang., traces, iii., 705.

Aramacina, Honduras, antiq., iv., 77.

Aramays, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 452.

Aransas Bay, i., 594.

Arcata, town, North Cal., i., 446.

Arch, ii., 555, 701-2, 791; iv., 127, 137, 157-8, 171, 177-9, 190-1, 208, 214, 228, 235, 243-4, 272-3, 309-11, 341-3, 356, 373, 380-1, 383, 451, 460-1, 528, 658, 713.

Archæology, introductory, iv., 1-14; see also Antiquities.

Architecture, ii., 553-89, 783-94; iv., 267 et seq.; v., 55-60; see also Dwellings.

Arch Spring, New Mex., antiq., iv., 645.

Areitos, Isthmian dances, i., 774.

Aretines, North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 613.

Aribetzi, village, Sonora, i., 606.

Arigames, North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 610.

Aripas (Aripe), Lower Cal. tribe, i., 556-71; loc., i., 604; lang., iii., 687.

Arispe (Arizpe), village, Sonora, i., 605-6.

Arithmetic, i., 68, 192, 274-5, 507, 564, 726, 769; ii., 497-500, 753-4.

Arizona, nations and tribes, i., 422, 465-6, 473-555, 591-603; myth., iii., 75-83, 132-6, 170, 526-8; lang., iii., 593-603, 671-4, 680-6; antiq., iv., 616-44.

Ark, myth., iii., 66, 76, 79, 103; v., 14, 86-7, 327-9.

Arkansas River, i., 464, 591-2.

Arks, i., 143, see Auks.

Armadillos, ii., 720.

Armería, Colima, antiq., iv., 572.

Armor, i., 50, 90, 105, 160, 182, 230, 235, 432, 541, 578, 655, 723, 763; ii., 403-8, 488, 490, 742, 750.

Armories, ii., 415, 578.

Arms, see Weapons.

Arnotto, oil, i., 753.

Arrianjianbaj, Oajaca, antiq., iv., 374.

Arrows, see Bows and Arrows.

Arrow Lakes, i., 252, 264, 271-2, 314.

Arroyo Blanco, i., 457.

Arsenals, see Armories.

Art, Hyperboreans, i., 68; Columbians, i., 160-1, 165-6, 172, 192-3, 238-9, 274-5; New Mexicans, i., 506-7, 545-6, 564, 583-4; Mexicans, i., 24, 631; ii., 442, 473-552; iv., 366-597; v., 258; Cent. Americans, i., 700-1, 726-8, 769; ii., 748-82; iv., 15-365; Peruvians, iv., 791-806.

Arteljnowskojes, tribe of Aleuts, i., 87-94; location, i., 141.

Artemisia, Cent. Cal. food, i., 374.

Artez-Kutshi, tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-37; location, i., 147.

Artsmilsh, i., 305, see Karweewee.

Ascension River, i., 602, 605.

Ascetics, Nahuas, iii., 436-7, 441-2.

Aseguang (Asequang), tribe of Haidahs, i., 156-74; location, i., 292.

Ashes, i., 126, 204, 395-7, 419, 535, 566; ii., 277, 307, 348, 608-10, 615, 617, 621, 717, 722.

Ashochemie, Cent. Cal. lang., iii., 648.

Asia, origin from, v., 30-55.

Asientic-häbî Mountains, i., 597.

Asiuhuil, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Aspianaque, Cent. Cal. lang., iii., 653.

Ass, Lower Cal., food, i., 561.

Association, element of progress, ii., 55-9.

Assuntas, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 452.

Asthma, i., 287, 667.

Astronomy, i., 584; ii., 500-22; iii., 371; iv., 496-7, 506-8; v., 450.

Asucsagna, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 460.

Asuncion Sianori, village, Sinaloa, i., 614.

Atalaya Castle, Guatemala, ii., 788.

Atalcaoplo, iii., 420, see Atlcahualco.

Atamalqualiztli, Nahua religious feast, ii., 341; iii., 429.

Atamataho, forest, Michoacan, v., 517.

Atarpes, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 452.

Atchaer, i., 142, see Atkhas.

Ateakari (Ateacari), name of Coras, i., 672; iii., 719.

Atecpanecatl, name of Huemac ii., v., 267.

Atemoztli (Atemuztli), Nahua month, ii., 337, 339, 511; iii., 346.

Atempanecatl, Nahua title, ii., 138.

Atenamitic, Totonac station, v., 203.

Atenco (Atengo), village, Mexico, ii., 560; station, Aztec migration, v., 323.

Atepetlac, station, Aztec migration, v., 323.

Atepocaxixilihua, Nahua dance, ii., 324.

Athabasca Lake, i., 144.

Athabascas, name for Chepewyans, i., 114.

Athletic Sports, i., 552, 567, 586-7; ii., 286, 295-9, 713-14. See also Amusements.

Atilan, department of Oajaca, i., 680.

Atit, Guatemalan queen, iii., 75; v., chap. xi.

Atitlan (Atitan, Atital-huyu), town, Guatemala, i., 789; iii., 75; v., chap. xi.

Atitlan Lake, i., 789; iv., 121; v., chap. xi.

Atkha Island, lang., iii., 579.

Atkhas (Atchaer), tribe of Aleuts, i., 87-94; location, i., 87, 141-2; lang., iii., 578-9.

Atl, Nahua day, ii., 511-12, 516-17.

Atlacamani, name of Chalchihuitlicue, iii., 367.

Atlacohuayan, city, Mexico, v., 402.

Atlacuezona, water lily, iii., 369.

Atlacuihuayan, station, Aztec migration, v., 324.

Atlacuizoayan Mountain, name of Tacubaya, iii., 405.

Atlantis, origin theory, v., 123-9.

Atlapolco, a city of Matlaltzinco, v., 433.

Atlcahualco (Atlchualco, Atalcaoplo, Atlaooalo, Atlcaoalo), Nahua month and festival, ii., 305, 509; iii., 332, 419-20.

Atliaca, Vera Cruz, antiq., iv., 447.

Atlicalaguian (Atlicalaquian, Atlitlalacayan, Atlitlanquian, Atlitlalacpan, Atitalaquia), station, Aztec migration, v., 323-4.

Atlihuetzian, a province of Mexico, i., 675.

Atlixco, town, Puebla, i., 671; antiq., iv., 468-9; hist., v., 202, 426, 443, 463, 499-504.

Atlmayoacan, locality, Puebla, v., 490.

Atnahs (Atnaks), Inland tribe, i., 254-91; location, i., 251, 310; spec. mention, i., 260; lang., iii., 589-91.

Atnas (Ah-tenas, Atnaer), tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-137; location, i., 116, 135, 149; spec. men., i., 135.

Atna River, name of Copper River, i., 38, 149.

Atochpan (Atocpan), province, Vera Cruz, i., 673-4; v., 420.

Atole (Atolli), Nahua drink, i., 695, 706; ii., 355.

Atonaltzin, name for Dzawindanda, v., 415.

Atonan, station, Chichimec migration, v., 294.

Atonatiuh, Nahua age of water, ii., 504; iii., 66.

Atotonilco, station, Aztec migration, v., 298, 323-4.

Atotoztli (Atototzin), a Mexican princess, v., 316, 358, 372.

Atoyac, a district of Guerrero, i., 678.

Atrato River, i., 796-7.

Attajen, California mythic personage, iii., 165.

Atupen, mountain, Michoacan, v., 519.

Atzacualco, part of Mexico city, ii., 563.

Atzcapotzalco, station, Aztec migration, v., 324. See also Azcapuzalco.

Ahtzih Winak Cawek, Cakchiquel title, v., chap. xi.

Auguries, ii., 255, 389-95, 427; iii., 438.

Aujay, i., 459, see Ojai.

Auks (Arks), tribe of Thlinkeets, i., 96-114; location, i., 96, 143; lang., iii., 579.

Aulintacs, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 454.

Aulone, shell used as money, i., 385.

Ausion, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 458.

Authorities, list of, i., xvii-xlix.

Autlan, Jalisco, antiq., iv., 572.

Autochthon, origin theory, v., 129-32.

Auyapemes, North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 613.

Auzar, Californian mythic personage, iii., 165.

Avatanak Island, i., 141.

Avatanaks, tribe of Aleuts, i., 87-94; location, i., 141.

Avecatl, a Toltec chief, v., 243.

Avenues, see Streets.

Aviaries, Nahuas, ii., 163-6.

Avilix (Awilix), Quiché god, ii., 648; iii., 50, 477; v., 181, chap. xi.

Awánees, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 456.

Awignas, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 460.

Awls, i., 407-8; ii., 710; iv., 710-12, 740.

Axalo, village, Guerrero, i., 677.

Axaucalli, bath houses, iii., 337.

Axayacatl, flies, i., 625; ii., 356; king of Mexico, v., 417, 424-35, 499, 503, chap. x.

Axcahua, Nahua title, ii., 187.

Axcauhtzin, v., 290, see Acauhtzin.

Axes, i., 719; ii., 480, 557, 743; iii., 71.; iv., 23, 59-60, 557, 611, 677, 793.

Axixpatli, Nahua medicine, ii., 599.

Axoquentzin, Acolhua prince, v., 410.

Axpitil, i., 458, see Paxpili.

Axuas, tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; spec. mention, i., 482, 500, 511.

Ayacachtli, rattles, ii., 289, 293.

Ayaguas, North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 612.

A yail haab, Maya intercalary years, ii., 762.

Ayatl, Nahua mantle, ii., 366.

Ayauhcihuatl (Ayauchigual), a Mexican queen, v., 363.

Ayhuttisaht, i., 295, see Ehateset.

Ayotzinco, town, Mexico, ii., 568; v., 495.

Aytcharts, tribe of Nootkas, i., 175-208; location, i., 295.

Azacot, a Quiché chief, v., chap. xi.

Azcapuzalco, city, Mexico, i., 675; ii., 104-5, 219-20, 475; v., 311, 320, 334, 345-58, 376-94.

Azcatlxochitl, a Toltec princess, v., 313.

Azcaxochitl (Azcaxochic), station, Aztec migration, v., 324; princess of Malinalco, v., 340; princess of Mexico, v., 358; a Tepanec princess and queen of Tezcuco, v., 421.

Aztacalco, town, Mexico, ii., 560.

Aztapilpetlatl, mats, iii., 335.

Aztatlitexcan, a Tailotlac chief, v., 338.

Aztaxelli, tassels, ii., 320.

Aztecs, Nahua nation, ii., 90-629; loc. ii., 93-5; iii., 557-8; myth., ii., 200-7, 245-6, 302-41, 388-97, 604-5, 616-19; iii., 55-70, 109-13, 119-23, 128-9, 181-231, 237-444, 469-70, 511-15, 532-9; lang., iii., 557-8, 630-1, 660-72, 680-2, 713-14, 716, 719-20, 723-37; antiq., iv., 504-23, 553-64; hist., v., 307-510.

Aztetl, Nahua medicine stone, ii., 600.

Aztlan, ancient home of Aztecs, i., 676; ii., 125; v., 221, 305-6, 322-5.

Aztoguihua Aquiyahuacatl, a Tlascaltec chief, v., 498.

Azuza, village, South Cal., i., 460.

B

Baali, a Zapotec captain, v., chap. x.

Baaloo, a Zapotec captain, v., chap. x.

Baal-Peor, Phallic-worship, iii., 501.

Babel, myth., iii., 67-8, 77; v., 17-18, 21, 200, 209.

Babeles, North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 611.

Babiacora, village, Sonora, i., 606.

Babiamares, North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 611.

Babines, tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-37; location, i., 145.

Babispe, village, Sonora, i., 606.

Babos, North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 610.

Babosarigames, North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 611.

Baca, village, Sonora, i., 608.

Bacabs, Maya gods, ii., 690, 699; iii., 462, 466; rulers of Mayapan, v., chap. xiii.

Bacadeguachi, village, Sonora, i., 606.

Bacalar, locality in Yucatan, v., chap. xiii.

Bacaniyahua (Baipoa), village, Sonora, i., 606.

Bacanora, village, Sonora, i., 606-7.

Bachimba, Chihuahua, antiq., iv., 604.

Bacerac, village, Sonora, i., 606.

Bacoatzi (Bacuachi), village, Sonora, i., 606.

Bacowas, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 449.

Bacum (Bacún), village, Sonora, i., 608.

Badges, of rank, see Insignia.

Badgers, Maya food, ii., 720-1.

Bags, i., 62, 190; ii., 324, 710; iii., 337, 339-41.

Bagiopas, tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; loc., i., 598; lang., iii., 685.

Bagnames, North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 611.

Bahacechas, tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location, i., 599.

Baidar (Baydare), Eskimo skin boat, i., 60.

Baidarka, Eskimo small boat, i., 60.

Baines Sound, Brit. Col., antiq., iv., 741.

Baipoa, i., 606, see Bacaniyahua.

Bajada Point, i., 217.

Bajio, Guanajuato, antiq., iv., 577.

Baker's Bay, i., 304.

Bakhalal, locality, Yucatan, v., chap. xiii.

Baklum Chaam, Maya god, iii., 467.

Balam, Maya sorcerer, ii., 659; founder of Copan, v., chap. xi. See Ci.

Balam II., a Cakchiquel ruler, v., chap. xi.

Balam-Agab (Balam-Acab, Balam Acam), Quiché 2d created man, iii., 47; v., 181; Quiché king, chap. xi.

Balam Colob, Maya nation, i., 687-711; ii., 630-803; hist., v., chap. xi.

Balam Conache, a Quiché prince, v., chap. xi.

Balam-Quitzé, (Balam Kiché) Quiché 1st created man, iii., 47; v., 181; Quiché king, chap. xi.

Balanicha, Maya nation, i., 687-711; ii., 630-803; hist., v., chap. xi.

Balbitz, Guatemala, antiq., iv., 131.

Balché, South Mex. drink, i., 665.

Balconies, ii., 161, 555, 572. See also Terraces.

Bald Hill Indians, i., 446, see Tchololahs.

Bald Hills, i., 446.

Bale Ranch, Cent. Cal., i., 451-2.

Balize, iv., 139, see Belize.

Balls, games with, i., 353, 393, 586-7; ii., 297-9; iv., 230; v., 174-9, 184, 329, 432, chap. xi.

Ballabollas, i., 295, see Bellacoolas.

Ballista, Nahuas, ii., 410.

Ballo Ki Pomos (Oat Valley People), Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 448.

Balustrades, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 226-7, 229, 235.

Bal Masque, Nahua feast, iii., 429.

Balsams, i., 589, 699-700; ii., 599.

Bamaqs, Guatemala tribe, i., 686-711; location, i., 787.

Bamboo, i., 583, 692-3, 737, 755; ii., 386, 389, 398, 406, 410.

Bamusehua, Sinaloa god., iii., 180.

Banamichi, village, Sonora, i., 606.

Banana, i., 624, 694, 697, 719, 739, 758-9, 775.

Banattees, tribe of Shoshones, i., 422-42; location, i., 461.

Bandages, dress, i., 717, 752.

Bands, Towkas marriage, i., 732.

Banks Island, i., 294.

Bannacks (Bannocks, Bonacks) tribe of Shoshones, i., 422-442; location, i., 463; special mention, i., 440-1; lang., iii., 661.

Banners, see Flags.

Bapancorapinamacas, North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 611.

Baptism, Mexicans, i., 661-2, 664; ii., 260, 270-8; iii., 369-76, 439; Mayas, ii., 669, 682-4.

Baqahol, Cakchiquel band, prince, and family, v., chap. xi.

Barabara, Koniaga dwelling, i., 74.

Baranoff Island, i., 96, 143.

Barbarism, see Savagism.

Barbasco, used as poison, i., 760.

Barber-shops, Nahuas, ii., 370.

Barbote, chin-ornament, ii., 376.

Barclay Sound, i., 295, 297.

Bark, Hyperboreans, i., 75, 101-3, 118, 123, 130-1; Columbians, i., 160-4, 170, 172-3, 179-80, 182-6, 188, 191, 204, 211, 214-15, 218, 227, 230-3, 235, 257, 260, 270, 272, 286; iii., 150; Californians, i., 368, 372, 382, 406; New Mexicans, i., 481, 500, 502, 517, 532, 535, 563; Mexicans, i., 650; ii., 174, 599; Cent. Americans, i., 691, 697, 699, 715-16, 718, 722, 724, 726, 751, 754, 760, 766-7; ii., 727, 734, 752, 768.

Barnacles, food, i., 214.

Barricades, see Fortifications.

Bashones, i., 450, see Bushumnes.

Basiroas, North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 607.

Baskets, Hyperboreans, i., 91, 103, 107, 129; Columbians, i., 162-3, 166, 172, 185, 190, 213, 215, 220, 234, 236-7, 261-2, 270; Californians, i., 339, 345, 374-5, 381-2, 406, 429-30, 434; New Mexicans, i., 500, 504, 539, 543, 563-4, 577; Mexicans, i., 624, 631, 633; ii., 483, 616, 619; Cent. Americans, i., 724, 766.

Basopa, North Mex. lang., iii., 707.

Bats, i., 393, 561, 762; ii., 743; iii., 484.

Batab, Maya title, ii., 636.

Batemdakaiees, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 448; lang., iii., 647.

Batenab, ancient Guat. tribe, v., chap. xi.

Baths, Hyperboreans, i., 83, 111; Columbians, i., 201, 205, 219, 235, 284-6; Californians, i., 341, 356, 395, 419; New Mexicans, i., 487, 521-2, 554, 569; Mexicans, i., 626-7, 639-40, 654, 667; ii., 171-2, 268, 280, 316, 370, 389, 392, 574, 587, 595-6, 621; iii., 337-8, 346, 435; iv., 447, 525-6, 545; Cent. Americans, i., 696, 709, 722, 743, 760; ii., 641, 669, 681, 735, 789.

Battles, see War.

Battlelemuleemauch (Meatwho), tribe of Shushwaps, i., 251-91; location, i., 312.

Battlements, Nahua architecture, ii., 556, 578, 580.

Batucari, North Mex. lang., iii., 707.

Batucas, North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 606; special mention, i., 575-8; lang., iii., 699.

Batuco, village, Sonora, i., 606-7.

Batz, Tzendal day, ii., 767.

Batza, Quiché prince, v., chap. xi.

Batzul, Chiapan month, ii., 766.

Bauzarigames (Bazaurigames), North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 612; spec. mention, i., 576, 585.

Bayal, locality in Guat., v., chap. xi.

Bayameo, ancient home of the Wanacaces, v., 511.

Bayamo River, i., 796.

Bayamos (Bayanos), tribe of Isthmians, i., 747-85; location, i., 796-7; lang., iii., 794.

Baydare, i., 60, see Baidar.

Bayette River, i., 463.

Baygua, poisonous plant, ii., 721.

Bayma Pomos, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 448.

Beacon Hill, British Columbia, antiq., iv., 740.

Beads, Hyperboreans, i., 72-3, 128, 131, 133; Columbians, i., 179, 182; Californians, i., 333, 347, 368, 381-2, 396, 424-6; New Mexicans, i., 482-3, 545; Mexicans, i., 623, 649; Cent. Americans, i., 691, 717, 752; ii., 684, 732, 750.

Beans, i., 234, 489, 538, 574, 577, 624, 694, 719, 758; ii., 290, 300, 343, 347, 355, 718-19.

Bears, i., 50, 57, 78, 91, 170, 187-8, 230, 258, 264, 337, 359, 405-6, 426, 438, 491, 496, 520; ii., 310; iii., 80, 91-3, 150, 546.

Bear Creek, i., 447, 450-1, 462; iii., 648-9; iv., 707.

Beards, i., 46-7, 117, 157, 179, 225-6, 255-6, 332, 365-7, 402-3, 423, 573, 619, 622, 646-8, 689, 714; ii., 370, 624, 730-1, 802.

Bear Lake River, i., 144.

Beaufort Bay, i., 52.

Beaver, i., 86, 117, 123, 133, 239, 244, 264, 424, 430; iii., 94-5, 130.

Beaver Ind., (Thick wood Ind.) tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-37; location, i., 114, 144; lang., iii., 585.

Beaver Mountains, i., 467, 468.

Becal, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 262.

Becanchen, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 253.

Beds, i., 51, 259, 544, 630, 656-7, 697-8, 724; ii., 259, 572, 786-7.

Bedahmareks, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 451.

Bees, i., 577, 659; ii., 699, 701, 722.

Beeatee, Chepewyan food, i., 118.

Been, Tzendal day, ii., 767.

Beheading, Nahua mode of sacrifice, ii., 324, 327, 332, 337.

Belbellahs, i., 294, see Bellacoolas.

Beleh, Guatemala, antiq., iv., 131.

Belehe Qat, Quiché prince, v., chap. xi.

Beleheb Gih, Quiché prince, v., chap. xi.

Beleheb Queh, Quiché prince, v., chap. xi.

Beleheb Tzi, Quiché prince, v., chap. xi.

Belem, Pueblo village, i., 599.

Belen, village, Sonora, i., 605, 608.

Belize (Balize), i., 793; iii., 761; iv., 138-9.

Belize River, antiq., iv., 139.

Bellacoolas (Bellahoolas, Bellaghchoolas, Belbellahs, Bellabellahs, Bellabollas, Bellabollahs, Ballabollas), tribe of Haidahs, i., 156-174; location, i., 155, 294-5; spec. mention, i., 158, 166, 169; lang., iii., 607.

Bells, i., 705, 765; ii., 290, 319, 324-5, 706-7, 737, 749-50, 787; iii., 238, 324, 385; iv., 556.

Bellingham Bay, i., 208, 221, 299.

Belts, i., 330, 483, 559; ii., 396.

Ben, Maya day, ii., 755-6, 760.

Benemé, South Cal., lang., iii., 686.

Beni-Xonos (Cajones, Cajonos, Nexichas, Nexitzas), South Mex. tribe, i., 645-70; location, i., 680; special mention, i., 668; lang., iii., 754; hist., v., chap. x.

Bentinck Arms (Bentick), i., 155, 294-5.

Bering Bay, i., 96, 142.

Bering Isle, i., 48.

Bering Straits, i., 28, 37, 41, 63-4, 139; v., 28.

Berries, i., 55, 76, 78, 90, 103, 123, 162-3, 181, 187-8, 199, 204, 214, 229, 234, 243, 264-7, 323, 339-40, 345, 373-4, 406, 427, 430, 558.

Betamas, Michoacan people, v., 511.

Betrothal, see Marriage and Courtship.

Betting, see Gambling.

Betumkes, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 447.

Betumki Valley, i., 447.

Bguanas, North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 611.

Bibliography, Almaraz, Mem. de Metlaltoyuca, iv., 458-9. Almaraz, Teotihuacan, in Id., Mem. Pachuca, iv., 530. Baldwin's Ancient Amer., iv., 2. Boscana, in Robinson's Life in Cal., iii., 161-2. Boturini, Idea, ii., 532. Brasseur de Bourbourg, Hist. Nat. Civ., ii., 116, 321, 436, 556, 634-5; v., 153-4. Brasseur de Bourbourg, MS. Troano, ii., 780. Brasseur de Bourbourg, Popol Vuh, iii., 42-4. Brasseur de Bourbourg, Recherches sur les Ruines de Palenqué, iv., 293-4. Careri, Giro del Mondo, ii., 531, 544-5. Catherwood's Views of Ancient Monuments in Central America, iv., 81, 146, 292-3. Charnay, Ruines Amer., iv., 147, 293, 391. Codex Chimalpopoca, v., 192-3. Dean's MS., Ancient Remains in Vancouver Island and B. Col., iv., 737. Domenech's Deserts, iii., 180-1. Dupaix, Relation, iv., 290-1. Friederichsthal, Les Monuments de l'Yucatan, in Nouvelles Annales des Voy., 1841, tom. xcii., iv., 146-7. Fuentes y Guzman, Recopilacion Florida, Hist. Guat., iv., 80. Galindo, Ruins of Copan, in Amer. Antiq., Soc., Transact., vol. ii., iv., 80. Gondra, Ant. Mex., in Soc. Mex. Geog., tom. ii., iv., 449. Herrera, Hist. Gen., iv., 80. Iberri, Ruinas de Monte Real, in Museo Mex., tom. iii., iv., 449. Ixtlilxochitl, Hist. Chich., iii., 64. Jones' Ancient Amer., iv., 82; v., 73. Juarros, Hist. Guat., iv., 80. Kingsborough, Ant. Mex., iii., 191; iv., 291; v., 84. Las Casas, MS., Hist. Apologética, ii., 583, 677. Müller, Amerikanische Urreligionen, iii., 273-300. Müller, Chips from a German Workshop, iii., 43-4. Norman's Rambles, iv., 145-6. Palacio, Carta, iv., 79. Palacios, Descrip. Guat., in Ternaux-Compans, Recueil de Doc., v., 79. Perez, Cronologia Ant. de Yucatan, ii., 755. Pontelli, Explorations, iv., 132. Prescott's Hist. Conq. Mex., ii., 162, 171, 440-1. Ramirez, Atlas, Mej., iii., 68-9. Rio, Description of the Ruins of an Ancient City, iv., 289-91. Sahagun, Hist. Gen., iii., 231-6. Sawkins, in Mayer's Obs. on Mex. Hist. and Archæology, iv., 404-6. Scherzer, Wanderungen, iv., 81. Sproat's Scenes, i., 151. Stephens' Cent. Amer., iv., 80-2. Stephens' Yucatan, iv., 146-8, 221, 292-3. Ternaux-Compans, Voy., série ii., tom. i., ii., 439. Mühlenpfordt, Mejico, iv., 391. Veytia, Hist. Ant. Mej., ii., 440. Waldeck, Voy. Pitt., iv., 145. Waldeck, Palenque, iv., 145. West Indische Spieghel, ii., 141. Ximenes, Hist. Ind. Guat., iii., 42-3. Zavala, in Antiq. Mex., iv., 144-5. Zurita, Rapport, in Ternaux-Compans, Voy., série ii., tom. i., ii., 438-9.

Bibliography, General, List of works quoted, i., xvii-xlix. Native Records, ii., 523-33; v., 140-2, 192-3. Spanish historians, ii., 158-60; v., 142-9. Works on Antiquities, iv., 2-4; on Uxmal antiq., iv., 150-1; on Chiapas and Palenque antiq., iv., 289-94; on Oajaca antiq., iv., 377-8; on Mitla antiq., iv., 390-1; on Xochicalco antiq., iv., 483; on Arizona antiq., iv., 621-5.

Bicam (Bican), village, Sonora, i., 608.

Bidwell's Bar, Cal., antiq., iv., 707.

Big Bar, locality, North Cal., i., 445.

Big Chamise, locality, North Cal., i., 448.

Bill Williams Fork, i., 475, 597; iv., 640-1.

Bill Williams Mts., i., 598.

Birch Indians, i., 147, see Gens de Bouleau.

Birds, i., 39, 50, 73, 79, 89-91, 162, 170-1, 189, 200, 211, 213, 215, 229, 373, 375-6, 522, 561, 574-5, 625; ii., 163-6, 315, 352, 372, 750; iii., 132-4, 268, 280, 301-2, 400.

Biruqueta, Isthmian lang., iii., 794.

Bisbire, decomposed plantains, i., 721, 726.

Bitter-root, Inland tribes' food, i., 265.

Bitter Root Mts., i., 252, 317.

Bitter Root Valley, i., 313, 317.

Bitumen, i., 408; ii., 751, 769.

Bixa, vegetable dye, i., 753; ii., 371, 724, 734.

Bjeljkowskojes, tribe of Aleuts, i., 87-94; location, i., 141.

Black Cañon, i., 597.

Black Mesa, i., 595, see Mogollon Mts.

Black Mts., i., 597.

Black River, i., 793-4; iii., 782.

Bladders, i., 84-5, 104, 186, 214-15.

Blancos, North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 611; tribe of Isthmians, i., 747-85; location, i., 794-5; lang., iii., 793.

Blankets, i., 100, 159, 165-6, 182-3, 192, 194, 211, 215-16, 229, 239, 247, 408, 434, 502-3, 505, 544-5, 582, 621, 630.

Blanket Creek, Cal., antiq., iv., 700.

Blewfields Lagoon, i., 793-4.

Blewfields River, i., 793.

Bliss Collection, Mex. Rep., antiq., iv., 564.

Blood, as food, i., 55, 492; ii., 344; sacrifices, i., 665, 723, 740; ii., 310, 707-8, 719.

Blood-letting, see Phlebotomy.

Blow-pipe, i., 627, 760-2; ii., 411, 474, 491, 720.

Blubber, i., 54-5, 57, 90.

Blue Mts., i., 254, 319, 461.

Blue Rock, i., 448.

Boats, Hyperboreans, i., 59-61, 79, 89, 106-7, 130; Columbians, i., 166-8, 172, 188-92, 205-6, 216-17, 220, 237, 247-9, 271-2, 288; Californians, i., 338, 345-7, 382-5, 408-9, 435; New Mexicans, i., 505, 544, 563-4, 583; Mexicans, i., 631, 658; ii., 386, 397-9, 414, 561; iii., 342; Cent. Americans, i., 699, 724-6, 744, 767-8, 783; ii., 739; iv., 231.

Boboles, North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 612.

Bocalinas Island, i., 604.

Bocalos, North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 611.

Boca de Quadra, i., 173.

Boca del Toro, i., 784, 794-6.

Bocay River, antiq., iv., 27-8.

Bochheafs, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 451.

Bochica, Muysca culture-hero, iii., 269; v., 24.

Bocoatzi Grande Mts., i., 605.

Bocoras, North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 611.

Bodega Bay, i., 365, 368, 370, 398, 449, 452.

Body-burning, see Cremation.

Body-painting, see Painting.

Bóhem Cülleh, Neeshenam evil spirit, iii., 545.

Boisais River, see Boise River.

Bois d'arc, Apache bows of, i., 494.

Boise City, i., 463.

Boise River (Boisais), i., 463.

Bokal, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 211; hist., v., chap. xiii.

Bolanos, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 363.

Bolaños, Jalisco, antiq., iv., 577.

Bolbon, i., 453, see Volvon.

Bolon Zacab, Maya god, ii., 702.

Bololchun, sepulchre, Chiapas, antiq., iv., 353.

Bolonchen, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 248-9.

Bolson de Mapimi, i., 592, 594, 610; iii., 714; iv., 597-9.

Bonacks, i., 463, see Bannacks.

Bonaparte River, iii., 613.

Bones, Hyperboreans, i., 48, 58, 72-3, 79, 88, 90-1, 97, 104, 119; Columbians, i., 164, 182, 185-6, 188-9, 191, 201, 211, 214-15, 235-6, 270; Californians, i., 341, 368-9, 377-8, 387, 403, 407-8, 424-6, 434; New Mexicans, i., 482, 532, 559, 563, 579; Mexicans, i., 629, 631, 655, 667; ii., 372, 408, 599-600; iii., 59; Cent. Americans, i., 717, 752, 761, 765; ii., 623, 684, 713, 732, 742; Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 782.

Books, Nahuas, ii., 500, 524, 598; Mayas, ii., 696-7, 768-70, 773, 800.

Boomerang, New Mexicans, i., 541, 561-2.

Boots, see Shoes.

Booty, war, i., 581-2, 764; ii., 746.

Borrados, North Mex. tribe., i., 572-91; location, i., 613.

Bosque de Contador, cypress grove, Mexico, antiq., iv., 527.

Botany, i., 38-9, 323-4, 616-17, 685-6; ii., 88-90.

Bottles, i., 163, 215, 630.

Bourneville, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 756-9.

Bows and Arrows, Hyperboreans, i., 59, 79, 90, 104-5, 119; Columbians, i., 164, 188, 214-15, 235, 268; Californians, i., 341-3, 377-8, 407, 431-3; New Mexicans, i., 493-5, 541, 562, 578-9; Mexicans, i., 627, 655; ii., 335, 351, 408-9, 618, 620-1; iii., 289, 294, 302, 371-2, 404; v., 325; Cent. Americans, i., 696, 722-3, 760-1, 779; ii., 679, 720, 742-3.

Bowls, i., 271, 630, 765; ii., 707.

Boxes, i., 113, 164-5, 171-2, 190, 200-1, 205, 340, 382, 420, 537, 765; ii., 482, 621; iii., 303; iv., 495.

Bracelets, i., 482, 559, 574, 691; ii., 290, 372, 376-7, 635, 732, 750; iii., 238, 324.

Brains, used for tanning, i., 271, 345.

Branding, i., 764-5, 771.

Brass, ornaments of, i., 122, 211, 258.

Braziers, i., 697; ii., 567, 584, 690, 696, 698, 787; iii., 336.

Brazos River, i., 592.

Bread, i., 339, 373-4; ii., 175, 354-5, see also Tortillas.

Breast-plates, i., 105, 766; ii., 406, 742.

Breast-works, see Fortifications.

Breech-cloth, i., 258-9, 330, 369, 480, 484, 531-2, 648, 689-90, 751; ii., 364.

Bribery, of Nahua judges, ii., 445-6.

Bricks, i., 535-6; ii., 557-8; iv., 473, 479, 500, 503, 521; see also Adobes.

Brides, see Marriage.

Bridges, i., 534, 693, 718; ii., 387, 414, 562-3, 576; iv., 343, 373, 479, 528-6, 690.

Bridles, i., 270, 438, 501, 726.

Bristol Bay, i., 70, 79, 139.

Brita, Nicaragua, antiq., iv., 60.

British Columbia, physical geography of, i., 152-3, 156; inhabited by Columbians, i., 151-321; myth., i., 170-1, 202-3, 283-4; iii., 95-8, 149-57, 519-22; lang., iii., 604-34; antiq., iv., 736-41.

British Museum Collection, Mex. Republic, antiq., iv., 562.

Bronze, Mex. Republic, antiq., iv., 520, 557.

Broom, Centeotl symbol, iii., 354.

Bruceport, town, Washington, i., 305.

Bruno, village, South Cal., i., 460.

Brush Creek, Cal., antiq., iv., 706.

Brushwood, dwellings of, i., 118, 371-2, 485, 535.

Bubatzo, a Zutugil princess, v., chap. xi.

Bubus, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 450.

Buccan, Mosquito meat rack, i., 721.

Buckeye Hill, California, antiq., iv., 703, 706.

Buckeye Ravine, California, antiq., iv., 707.

Budd's Inlet, i., 301.

Buchanan Hollow, California, antiq., iv., 707.

Buddhism, traces in Amer., v., 40-2.

Buena Vista, village, Cent. California, i., 455.

Buffalo, i., 258, 260, 263, 265, 424-5, 430, 432, 484, 491-2.

Buffalos, tribe of Sahaptins, i., 253-91; location, i., 317.

Bugabita, Isthmus, antiq., iv., 18.

Buildings, see Dwellings and Temples.

Bulbon, i., 453, see Volvon.

Bull Creek, i., 447.

Bullion, Maya gold, ii., 750.

Bundles, mystic, v., 325-6, chap. xi.

Buoys, Eskimo whale fishing, i., 56.

Burial, Hyperboreans, i., 69, 86, 93, 113, 119, 125-7, 132-5; iii., 148-9; Columbians, i., 172-3, 205-6, 220, 247-9, 288-9; iv., 737-9; Californians, i., 356-60, 396-7, 420-1, 439-40; New Mexicans, i., 522-4, 554-5, 569-70, 589-90; Mexicans, i., 640-1, 667-8; ii., 269, 392, 603-23; iii., 364-7, 401, 512-13; v., 57, 347; Cent. Americans, i., 709, 744-5, 780-4; ii., 653, 798-402; iii., 490.

Buricas, tribe of Isthmians, i., 747-85; location, i., 748; special mention, i., 784; lang., iii., 793.

Burke Canal, i., 156.

Burning, captives, i., 498; ii., 329-39; iii., 386-8; see also Cremation.

Burrita, Tamaulipas, antiq., iv., 597.

Burros Mt, i., 595.

Bushumnes (Pushunes, Pujuni, Bashones, Bushones), Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; loc., i., 450; lang., iii., 649.

Bute Canal, i., 184.

Bute Prairie, Washington, antiq., iv., 735.

Butler Hill, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 754.

Butte County, Cal., antiq., iv., 707.

Buzzard, California, myth., iii., 168.

C

Caacac (Cacat, Cancac), i., 458, name of Point Concepcion.

Caäguas, i., 319, see Cayuse.

Caban, Maya day, ii., 756, 760.

Cabecares, tribe of Isthmians, i., 747-85; location, i., 794.

Cabellera Valley, i., 595.

Cabesas (Cabezas), North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 612; special mention, i., 576, 585.

Cabeson Valley, i., 457.

Cabinal, Guatemala tribe, i., 687-711; location, i., 789.

Cablahuh-Tihax, a Cakchiquel ruler, v., chap. xi.

Cabo Blanco, Costa Rica, antiq., iv., 21.

Cabogh, ii., 767, see Cahogh.

Caborca, village, Sonora, i., 606.

Cabra, Isthmian title, i., 770.

Cabrakan, Quiché culture-hero, v., 172-4, 184; ancient city, Guatemala, chap. xi.

Cabuegnas, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 460.

Cacaguat, cacao, and name of Nicaragua god, ii., 713, 718, 724; iii., 492.

Cacalomilli, Nahua war-lands, ii., 227.

Cacalotl, gifts of maize, ii., 332.

Cacama, a Chichimec prince and king of Tezcuco, v., 474-7.

Cacamaca, lord of Chalco, v., 349.

Cacamatecuhtli, a Teo-Chichimec chief, v., 490.

Cacao (Coco, Cocoa), Mexicans, i., 625; ii., 347, 381-2, 600; Cent. Americans, i., 694-5, 700, 721, 726, 739, 759, 768; ii., 692-3, 707, 718-19, 723-4, 736-7, 749, 795.

Cacaria, village, Durango, i., 614.

Cácaris, North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 614.

Cacastes, North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 611.

Cacat, i., 458, see Caacac.

Cacaxtlan, Tlascala, antiq., iv., 477.

Cacaxtli, Nahua baskets, ii., 386, 392, 616.

Cachenahs (Cachanegtacs, Chanigtacs), Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 449, 452-3.

Cache Creek, i., 362.

Cachi, town, Yucatan, ii., 657.

Cachiripa, Durango god, iii., 179.

Cachopostales, North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 611.

Cacique, name for chief, i., 584-5.

Cactlan Valley, i., 672.

Cactli (Cacles), Mexican sandals, i., 620; ii., 369.

Cacubraxechein, Quiché king, v., chap. xi.

Caczoltzin, v., 516, see Caltzontzin.

Cadet River, i., 307.

Cadimas, North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 613.

Caechi, Guatemala tribe, i., 687-711; location, i., 788.

Caechicolchi, Guat. lang., iii., 760.

Cages, ii., 163, 386, 657.

Cagnaguets, Lower California tribe, i., 556-70; location, i., 603.

Caha-Paluma, Quiché 1st woman, iii., 48.

Cahbaha, a Guatemala temple, v., chap. xi.

Cahi Imox, a Quiché ruler, v., chap. xi.

Cahitas, North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 572; special mention, i., 573-4; lang., iii., 667, 672, 678, 706-10.

Cahogh (Cabogh), Tzendal day, ii., 767.

Cahokia, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 766-7.

Cahrocs (Kahruks), North Cal. tribe, i., 327-61; loc., i., 327, 445; special mention, i., 325, 332, 336, 344, 348, 350-1, 352-3; myth., iii., 90, 115-17, 137-9, 161, 524; lang., iii., 641, 652; origin, v., 19.

Cahto Pomos, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 362-401; location, i., 362, 448.

Cahuillos (Cahuillas, Carvillas, Cawios, Coahuillas, Cohuillas, Cowillers, Kahweyahs), South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 402, 457; lang., iii., 651, 660, 677-79, 714, 717, 727.

Cahuimetos, North Mex. tribe, i., 572-91; loc., i., 609; lang., iii., 707.

Caibil Balam, a Mame prince, v., chap. xi.

Caichi, Guatemala lang., iii., 760.

Caiguas, tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location, i., 592.

Caiguarás, tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location, i., 592.

Cailloux, i., 319, see Cayuse.

Caimanes, tribe of Isthmians, i., 747-85; location, i., 797.

Cajon, village, South Cal., i., 458.

Cajones (Cajonos), i., 668, 680, see Beni-Xonos.

Cajpilili, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Cajuenches, tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; special mention, i., 488; lang., iii., 685-6.

Cakam, Quiché-Cakchiquel month, ii., 766.

Cakchi, Guatemala tribe, i., 687-711; location, i., 788.

Cakchiquels (Kachiquels), Guatemala tribe, i., 687-711; ii., 630-803; location, i., 788-9; ii., 121; special mention, ii., 121, 632, 637-8, 640-1, 727, 732, 743, 746, 752, 762, 766-7, 790; myth., iii., 483-4; lang., iii., 760-2, 768, 772-3; antiq., iv., 123, 131; hist., v., chap. xi., xii.

Cakhay, mountain and fort, Guatemala, v., chap. xi.

Cakixaha, Quiché 4th woman, iii., 48.

Caklacan, Ahau-Quiché prince, v., chap. xi.

Cakulgi, locality, Guatemala, v., chap. xi.

Cakyug, Guatemala, antiq., iv., 131, ancient city, v., chap. xi.

Calabash, i., 489, 505, 516, 577-8, 626, 652, 697, 701, 705, 719, 726, 728, 738, 760; ii., 713; iii., 241.

Calahuassa (Calla Wassa, Kulahuasa), South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Calajomanas, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 363, 451.

Calamulla, Honduras, antiq., iv., 71-2.

Calapooyas (Calapooias, Calapooahs, Calahpoewahs, Callappohyeaass, Callawpohyeaas, Callipooyas, Cathlapouyeas, Kalapuyas, Kalapooyahs, Kalapooiahs, Kelussuyas, Vule Puyas), tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 223, 304, 309-10; special mention, i., 224, 226, 248-9; lang., iii., 629-30.

Calapooya Mts., i., 308; iii., 637.

Calasthocles (Calasthortes), tribe of Sound Indians, i., 210-22; location, i., 303.

Calaveras County, California, antiq., iv., 703-4.

Calaveras Creek, California, antiq., iv., 703.

Calaveritas, Cal., antiq., iv., 704.

Calayomane, Cent. California lang., iii., 650.

Calcahualco, Vera Cruz, antiq., iv., 448.

Calche, Guatemala, antiq., iv., 121.

Calchithuehue, Nicaragua god, iii., 491.

Caldera, Isthmus, antiq., iv., 16.

Caledonia Bay, i., 797.

Calel Ahus, a Tulan king, v., chap. xi.

Calendar, Hyperboreans, i., 68, 135; Columbians, i., 192-3, 274-5; Californians, i., 418; New Mexicans, i., 507, 564, 584; Mexicans, ii., 502-22; iii., 251-2, 267, 274; v., 62-3, 190, 192, 210; Cent. Americans, i., 727, 769; ii., 755-67.

Calendar-stone, Mex., ii., 518-21; iv., 505-9, 521.

California, early occupation of, i., 29; nations and tribes, i., 322-470; myth., iii., 158-169, 522-6; lang., iii., 565-7, 635-79; antiq., iv., 688-713; Nahua migration, v., 221-2.

California Gulf, i., 601-2; lang., iii., 667, 704-5; boundary, Mex. empire, v., 473, station, Quiché migration, chap. xi.

Californians, one of the seven groups into which the natives of the Pacific States are divided, located in California, Oregon, Idaho, Nevada, and Utah, between latitudes 43° and 32° 30´, subdivided into four families, the Northern Californians, Central Californians, Southern Californians and Shoshones. Manners and customs of each described separately, i., 322-470; location, divisions, and tribal boundaries, i., 322-6, 442-70; myth., iii., 158-69, 522-6; v., 14, 19; lang., iii., 565-7, 635-79.

Californians, Central, one of the four families into which the Californians are divided. Manners and customs of all its nations and tribes described together, i., 361-401; physique, i., 364-7; dress, i., 367-71; dwellings, i., 371-3; food, i., 373-7; weapons and war, i., 377-81; implements and manufactures, i., 381-2; boats and property, i., 382-5; government and slavery, i., 385-8; women and marriage, i., 388-92; amusements, i., 392-4; medicine, i., 394-5; burial, i., 396-7; character, i., 397-401; location, i., 361-3, 447-57; myth., i., 397, 400; iii., 85-90, 522-6; lang., iii., 644-55.

Californians, Northern, one of the four families into which the Californians are divided. Manners and customs of all its nations and tribes described together, i., 326-61; physique, i., 327-9; dress, i., 329-34; dwellings, i., 334-6; food, i., 336-40; personal habits, i., 340-1; weapons and war, i., 341-4; implements and manufactures, i., 345; boats, i., 345-6; property, i., 347; government and slaves, i., 347-9; marriage and women, i., 349-51; amusements, i., 351-4; medicine, i., 354-6; iii., 160; burial, i., 356-60; character, i., 360-1; location, i., 326-7, 442-7; myth., iii., 160-1, 175-7, 523-4, 638; lang., iii., 637-43.

Californians, Southern, one of the four families into which the Californians are divided. Manners and customs of all its nations and tribes described together, i., 402-22; physique, i., 402-3; dress, i., 403-4; dwellings, i., 404-5; food, i., 405-7; personal habits, i., 407; weapons and war, i., 407; implements and manufactures, i., 407-8; boats, i., 408-9; property and government, i., 409-10; marriage, i., 410-12; women and children, i., 412-15; amusements, i., 415-17; medicine, i., 418-19; burial, i., 419-21; character, i., 422; location, i., 402, 457-60; myth., iii., 83-6, 122, 131, 525; lang., iii., 656-9, 674-9.

Calimaya, a city of Matlaltzinco, v., 433.

Calispellums (Calispels), i., 313, see Pend d'Oreilles.

Caliuenga, village, South Cal., i., 460.

Calkimi, a province of Yucatan, v., chap. xiii.

Calkobins, tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-37; location, i., 146.

Calla Wassa, i., 459, see Calahuassa.

Callemax (Callemeux, Callimix), i., 307, see Killamooks.

Calli, Nahua calendar sign, ii., 505, 511-12, 516-17; iii., 69.

Calmecac, Nahua seminary, ii., 201, 244.

Calondras Rancho, Vera Cruz, antiq., iv., 463.

Calpan, locality, Puebla, v., 490.

Calpixcontli, Nahua title, v., 350.

Calpixques, Nahua revenue officers, ii., 236, 424.

Calpullec, head of city council, Nahuas, ii., 227.

Calpulli, ward of a city, Nahuas, ii., 224.

Calquiyauhtzin, Culhua king, v., 331, 343.

Caltzontzin, Tarasco king's title, v., 516.

Caluac, mayordomo, Mayas, ii., 637.

Calvert Island, i., 294.

Calz, Columbia plant, i., 265.

Camachal, Quiché chief, v., chap. xi.

Camac-Hya, a Hindu goddess, v., 47.

Camajal, village, South Cal., i., 458.

Camalél Pomos (Usals), Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; loc., i., 362, 448.

Camalotz, Quiché mythic animal, iii., 47.

Camass (Camas, Camash, Cammass, Kamas, Kamass, Kamash, Quamash), an edible root, i., 214, 265, 340.

Camass Prairie, i., 265, 313.

Camaxtli, Nahua god, ii., 303, 312-15; iii., 195, 250, 295, 403; v., 249, 253, 262, 484, 488, 493-501.

Camayoas, Isthmian sodomites, i., 774.

Camazotz, Quiché god, v., 179.

Camden Bay, i., 46, 49-50.

Camey, Quiché-Cakchiquel day, ii., 767.

Camleyka, Koniaga dress, i., 74.

Camóa, town, Sinaloa, i., 608.

Campeche, ii., 657; antiq., iv., 263-5.

Campims, lang., iii., 761.

Campo Santo, Uxmal, antiq., iv., 172.

Can, Quiché-Cakchiquel day, ii., 767.

Canadian River, i., 591.

Canainas (Canaynes), North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 613.

Canal Bacab, Maya god, iii., 466.

Canal de la Reina (Reida, Reido), i., 294.

Canal de Principe, i., 294.

Canals, i., 539; ii., 349, 563, 567-8, 743-4; iv., 632, 635, 676, 696; v., 420-1; see also Aqueducts, Excavations, Irrigation.

Canamlum, Chiapanec god, iii., 458.

Canaumanos, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 452.

Cancac, i., 458, see Caacac.

Canchahel (Canchaheleb), a Guatemala tribe, v., chap. xi.

Canchebiz (Canchevez), i., 787, see Ganchebi.

Candle-fish, i., 162, 164, 190, 212, 214-16.

Candles, i., 162, 164, 190, 697-8, 765.

Candlesticks, iii., 292, 294; iv., 376, 414, 423.

Cane, i., 516, 627, 656, 692-3, 717-18, 722; ii., 335, 372, 573, 713, 785; iii., 129; see also Reeds.

Canek, Itza king's title, ii., 635; v., chap. xiii.

Canimairo, name of Russian River, i., 449.

Cannibalism, Hyperboreans, i., 106, 120-1; Columbians, i., 170-1, 189, 202-3, 219; iii., 150, 152; Californians, i., 375, 380-1, 428, 433-4; iii., 546-7; New Mexicans, i., 521, 560, 576, 581; Mexicans, i., 625, 653; ii., 176, 305, 308-9, 311, 357-8, 394-7, 431, 626; iii., 413, 443-4, 447; Cent. Americans, i., 696, 721, 759; ii., 689, 709-10, 725; iii., 472, 488.

Canoe River, i., 319.

Canoes, see Boats.

Cañon Pintado, Utah, antiq., iv., 734.

Canopy, ii., 572, 635, 641, 789.

Canos, North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Cantils, Lower Cal. tribe, i., 556-71; lang., iii., 687.

Cantren, village, Nicaragua, i., 792.

Canuas, North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Caok, Quiché-Cakchiquel day, ii., 767.

Caoutchouc, see India-rubber.

Capacureo, locality, Michoacan, v., 518.

Capanay, village, Cent. Cal., i., 455.

Caparrosa, Mex., antiq., iv., 545.

Cape Avinoff, i., 140.

Cape Bathurst, i., 45.

Cape Blanco, v., 66.

Cape Cantin, v., 66.

Cape Catoche, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 261.

Cape Disappointment, i., 304.

Cape Flattery, i., 208, 210-11, 221, 227, 302; iii., 615.

Cape Gracias à Dios, i., 714, 793-4.

Cape Honduras, lang., iii., 782.

Cape Krusenstern, i., 52.

Cape Lisburn, i., 138.

Cape Lookout, i., 227, 307.

Cape Mendocino, i., 448.

Cape Mudge, i., 297-8.

Cape Newenham, i., 70, 140.

Cape Northumberland, i., 173.

Cape Orford, i., 216, 225, 238, 249.

Cape Prince of Wales, i., 63.

Cape Rodney, i., 141.

Cape Romanzoff, i., 70, 140.

Cape St James, i., 296.

Cape San Lucas, i., 557, 604.

Cape Scott, i., 176, 296.

Cape Spencer, i., 142.

Cape Town, i., 793.

Capilla de la Piedra, near Leon, Nicaragua, antiq., iv., 32, 61.

Capote Utes, tribe of Shoshones, i., 422-42; location, i., 470.

Caprups, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 452.

Caps, see Hats.

Captives, treatment of; Hyperboreans, i., 80, 108-9; Columbians, i., 164, 189, 195, 269; Californians, i., 344, 381, 407, 433; New Mexicans, i., 498, 500, 543, 581; Mexicans, i., 629, 656; ii., 217-18, 306-8, 329-30, 402, 419, 426, 428-32, 453-4, 626; iii., 386-8, 394; v., 342-3, 414; Cent. Americans, i., 723, 764-5; ii., 650, 704, 707, 746-7.

Capuchin, Nahua dress, ii., 369.

Capulapa, Vera Cruz, antiq., iv., 445.

Caraca, Mosquito drink, i., 739.

Caracol, at Chichen, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 234-5.

Cara Gigantesca, at Izamal, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 246-8.

Caramariguanes, North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 613.

Caramiguais, North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 613.

Carascans, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 452.

Carataska Lagoon, i., 793.

Carates, Isthmian lepers, i., 778.

Caravans, ii., 380, 387-8, 391, 737-8.

Carchah, locality, Guatemala, v., chap. xi.

Careta, Isthmian province, i., 795.

Caribays, North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 613.

Cariboo, i., 122-3.

Caribs, tribe of Mosquitos, i., 711-47; loc., i., 713, 793; special mention, i., 714, 718, 722, 728, 731, 735-6, 741, 745-6; lang., iii., 782; tribe of Isthmians, i., 747-85; special mention, i., 759, 764, 771.

Carlotsapos, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 449.

Carmelote Creek, Tamaulipas, antiq., iv., 594.

Carmelo Valley, i., 454.

Carpenter's Farm, South Cal., i., 460.

Carquin, i., 453, see Karquines.

Carriers, i., 587, 666, 708; ii., 386, 736; see also Tacullies.

Carrizal, Guatemala, antiq., iv., 118.

Carrizas (Garzas), North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 572, 613; special mention, i., 573, 575, 588.

Carrots, Haidahs cultivate, i., 162.

Carr's Inlet, i., 301.

Carson City, i., 469.

Carson Lake, i., 467.

Carson River, i., 466.

Carson Valley, i., 464.

Cartakas, i., 458, see Surillos.

Carthaginians, American origin traces, i., 18; v., 77.

Caruanas, i., 458, see Sierras.

Carvillas, i., 457, see Cahuillos.

Carving, see Sculpture.

Casa Cerrada, at Zayi, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 213.

Casa del Adivino, at Uxmal, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 192-7.

Casa del Enano, name of Casa del Adivino, iv., 192.

Casa del Gobernador, at Uxmal, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 154-65.

Casa de Justicia, at Kabah, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 207-8.

Casa de Monjas, at Uxmal, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 173-89.

Casa de Montezuma, iv., 621, name of Casa Grande, Arizona.

Casa de Palomas, at Uxmal, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 171-2.

Casa de Tortugas, at Uxmal, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 165-6.

Casa de la Vieja, at Uxmal, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 172.

Casa Grande, at Zayi, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 212-13; Arizona, antiq., iv., 621-32.

Casas Grandes, Guatemala, antiq., iv., 134; Chihuahua, antiq., iv., 604-14.

Casas de Piedra, name applied to Palenque, iv., 296.

Casalic, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 458.

Casasano, Mexican, antiq., iv., 495.

Cascade Canal, i., 173-4, 294.

Cascade Indians, i., 320, see Dog-Rivers.

Cascade Mts., i., 151-2, 208, 222, 227, 250, 308, 319, 321-3, 444.

Cascade Range, see Cascade Mts.

Cascade River, i., 320.

Cascades, locality, Oregon, i., 223, 239, 248, 304.

Cascili, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Case's Inlet, i., 301.

Casine (Kashim), Eskimo town house, i., 66, 75, 82-3.

Cassava, Mosquito food, i., 719, 721, 739.

Castañeda Collection, Mex. Rep., antiq., iv., 560.

Castel Pomos, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 362, 448.

Castes, Hyperborean divisions, i., 109, 132.

Castillo de Montezuma, near Tuxtepec, Oajaca, antiq., iv., 421.

Castles, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 226-30, 255-7.

Cataclysm, see Deluge.

Cataicanas, North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 613.

Catanamepaques, North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 613.

Cataract River, i., 319.

Cataracts, Nahua cure for, ii., 599.

Catarrh, see Colds.

Catauhtlix, v., 299, see Cocauhtli.

Caterpillars, i., 561, 762.

Cathlacklas, i., 309, see Cathlathlas.

Cathlacumups (Cathlakamaps, Cathlacomatups), tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 306, 308-9.

Cathlahaws, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 308.

Cathlâkaheckits (Cathlakahikits), tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 306, 317.

Cathlamets (Cathlamahs, Cathlamus, Cathlamux, Katlámat), tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 223, 304, 307; special mention, i., 239; lang., iii., 626.

Cathlanamenamens (Cathlanaminimins, Katlaminimims), tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 306, 308-9.

Cathlanaquiahs, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 306, 308.

Cathlapootles (Cathlapoutles, Cattleputles, Katlaportles, Kathlaportles, Quathlapotles), tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 304, 306, 308-9; lang., iii., 626.

Cathlapouyeas, i., 309, see Calapooyas.

Cathlascos (Cathlascons), tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; loc., i., 305.

Cathlassis, tribe of Sahaptins, i., 253-91; location, i., 320.

Cathlathlas (Cathlathlalas, Cathlacklas), tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 306, 309.

Cathleyacheyachs, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; special mention, i., 223.

Cats, i., 258, 561.

Catsanims (Cutsahnims), tribe of Shushwaps, i., 251-91; loc., i., 312.

Cattle, i., 267, 273, 505, 544, 576, 583, 659, 725.

Cattleputles, i., 304, see Cathlapootles.

Catujanes (Catuxanes), North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611-12.

Cauac, Maya calendar sign, ii., 703, 756, 760-1; iii., 122.

Causeways, ii., 414, 561-2, 565, 790; iii., 292-3; iv., 352, 500, 527, 573, 580-90; v., 422.

Cautery, i., 419, 709, 716-17.

Cavatepech (Cawatepech), Quiché ruler, v., chap. xi.

Caves, i., 486, 523, 556, 560, 575, 590, 624, 640, 651-2; ii., 211, 622; iii., 81-2; iv., 117, 120, 138, 368, 372-3, 435, 575, 577, 587-9, 597-604, 694-6.

Caviare, Haidah food, i., 163.

Cavil, name of Chin, ii., 677.

Caviseras, North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Cavizimah (Cawizimah), Quiché prince, v., chap. xi.

Cawek (Cavek), Quiché royal title, ii., 643-4; v., chap. xi.

Cawinal (Cavinal), Guatemala, antiq., iv., 131; hist., v., chap. xi.

Cawios, i., 457, see Cahuillos.

Cawitchans, i., 296, see Cowitchins.

Cawnees, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 456.

Caxapa, Vera Cruz, antiq., iv., 426.

Cayala, ii., 716-17, see Paxil.

Caybatz, a Cakchiquel ruler, v., chap. xi.

Cayeguas, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Cayeyus, Lower Cal. tribe, i., 556-71; lang., iii., 687.

Cay-Hunahpu, a Cakchiquel prince, v., chap. xi.

Caymus, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 363, 451; lang., iii., 650.

Caynoh, a Cakchiquel ruler, v., chap. xi.

Cayo Ratones, Yuc., antiq., iv., 261.

Cayotes, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 458.

Cayuquets, i., 207, 295, see Kyuquots.

Cayuse (Caäguas, Cailloux, Cayoose, Kyoose, Kayouse, Kayuse, Kyoots, Skyuse, Wyeilats), Inland tribe, i., 250-91; location and name, i., 254, 273, 316, 319; special mention, i., 254-6, 258, 260, 265, 267-8, 271-4, 276, 290; myth., iii., 95, 156; lang., iii., 625-6.

Cazcanes, North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 672; lang., iii., 719.

Cazonzin (Cazontzin), i., 516, see Caltzontzin.

Cazopos, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 452.

Ceacatl Quetzalcoatl (Quetzalcoatl Chalchiuitl, Topiltzin), a Toltec prince, v., 254-63, 484.

Cealcoquin, city, Honduras, iii., 485; v., chap. xi.

Cecatzin, a Toltec prince, v., 211, 213.

Cecoatlutlimelaoatl, Nahua divining sign, ii., 389.

Cedar, Columbians, i., 156, 160-1, 164-6 181, 183-5, 191, 199, 212, 214, 216, 231, 235, 237, 260; Californians, i., 341, 431; Mexicans, ii., 145, 557; Central Americans, i., 699, 725.

Cedar Bank, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 762.

Cedar City, Utah, antiq., iv., 715.

Ceh, (Qeh, Queh, Quej), Maya month, ii., 757-8.

Cehatches, South Mex. tribe, i., 644-70; lang., iii., 761.

Celibacy, Nahuas, ii., 251; iii., 433; Mayas, ii., 672.

Cellars, i., 334-5, 775-6.

Celtales, iii., 761, see Tzendales.

Celts, American origin theory, v., 116-22.

Cement, ii., 570-2, 581; iv., passim.

Ce Miquiztli, Nahua god, ii., 340; iii., 402.

Cempoala (Zempoala), city, Vera Cruz, i., 675; ii., 113, 570; iv., 436-7; v., 203; station, Chichimec migration, v., 294.

Cempoal Taxuch, Guatemala prince, v., chap. xi.

Cempoaltepec, mountain, Oajaca, v., 529.

Cenial, name for east Yucatan, v., chap. xiii.

Cenicilla, a medicinal herb, i., 588.

Cenizos, North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91.

Censers, Nahuas, ii., 161; iii., 335-6, 347.

Census of Chichimecs, v., 292.

Centectlapixque, Nahua official, ii., 437.

Centeotl (Centeutl, Cinteotl, Tzinteotl, Tzinteutl), Nahua goddess, ii., 214, 326-7, 331-2; iii., 349-67.

Centizonac, locality, Cent. America, v., 349.

Centla, V. Cruz, antiq., iv., 439-43.

Centli, dried corn, ii., 347.

Central Americans, one of the seven groups into which the natives of the Pacific States are divided, located in Guatemala, Salvador, Nicaragua, the Mosquito Coast, Honduras, Costa Rica, and the Isthmus of Darien, or Panama; subdivided into three families, the Guatemalans, Mosquitos, and Isthmians. Manners and customs of each described separately, i., 684-797; civilized nations, ii., 630-803; location and tribal boundaries, i., 684-8, 786-97; myth., i., 707-8, 740; ii., 663; iii., 42-55, 74-5, 461-507, 542-4; lang., iii., 571-3, 759-95; antiq., ii., 116-18; iv., 15-139; hist., v., 157-88, 223-34, chap. xi., xii., xiii.

Central Californians, see Californians, Central.

Central Mexicans, see Mexicans, Central.

Cerbat Mts., i., 597.

Ceremonies, Hyperboreans, i., 83-4, 110-11, 113; Columbians, i., 169-70, 187, 189, 219, 232, 245, 268, 284; Californians, i., 411-15; New Mexicans, i., 522-4, 542-3, 553-4; Mexicans, i., 636-7, 661-3; ii., 144-57, 194-8, 255-61, 270-8, 350, 389-97; iii., 297-300, 315, 370-6; Central Americans, i., 697, 729-33, 740-1, 744-5, 782-3; ii., 668-70, 682-4.

Cereus giganteus, botanical name of the Pitahaya, i., 539.

Ceris (Ceres, Seris), North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 572, 604-5; special mention, i., 573-4, 576-9, 581, 583-5, 587, 589-90; lang., iii., 704-5.

Cerquin, city, Honduras, iii., 485.

Cerralvo Island, i., 604.

Cerrito de Montezuma, near Tepatitlan, Jalisco, antiq., iv., 574.

Cerro de la Ciudad, fortification, Querétaro, antiq., iv., 550.

Cerro de Coscomate, near Zanatepec, Oajaca, antiq., iv., 374.

Cerro de los Edificios, iv., 580, see Quemada.

Cerro Gordo, i., 614.

Cerro de las Juntas (Quiotepec), Oajaca, antiq., iv., 418-20.

Cerro del Maiz, i., 613.

Cerro de la Malinche, Mexico, antiq., iv., 548.

Cerro de las Navajas, Mexico, antiq., iv., 544-5.

Cerro Prieto, i., 604, 673; iv., 549.

Cerro de San Gregorio, Guanajuato, antiq., iv., 577.

Cerro del Tesoro, Mexico, antiq., iv., 548.

Cerro de las Trincheras, Sonora, antiq., iv., 603.

Cerro del Venado, Oajaca, antiq., iv., 373-4.

Cesina, dried meat, i., 695.

Cetecpatl, king of Cohuaixtlahuacan, v., 461-2.

Cexeninuth, i., 295, see Exenimuth.

Chab, Quiché month, ii., 766.

Chabin (Chahin), Tzendal day, ii., 767.

Chac (Chaac), Maya god, ii., 682, 690-3; iii., 467, 473.

Chacala, Jalisco, antiq., iv., 572.

Chacal Bacab, Maya god, iii., 466.

Chacchob, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 219, 268.

Chacha, iii., 153, see Kishtsamah.

Chachaguares, North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Chack, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 211-12, 270.

Chaclan, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Chacnouitan, name for Yucatan, v., 228, chap. xiii.

Chaco River, New Mexico, antiq., iv., 652-61.

Chacuaco, Vera Cruz, antiq., iv., 463.

Chac Xib Chac, ruler of Chichen Itza, v., chap. xiii.

Chadukutl, tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 295.

Chaguntes, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 452.

Chahalha, Quiché household gods, iii., 481.

Chahalté, Maya incense, ii., 702.

Chaheowahs, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 309.

Chahuames (Chahuanes), North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 612.

Chalcas, Nahua nation, i., 617-44; ii., 133-629; location and name, i., 675; ii., 125-6; hist., v., 307-10, 380-422, 503-5.

Chalcatzin, a Toltec prince, v., 211, 213, 220, 243.

Chalchiuhapan, ancient name for Tlascala, v., 241, 253, 484.

Chalchiuhcua, a Mexican noble, v., 320.

Chalchiuhcuecan, Vera Cruz, antiq., iv., 434.

Chalchiuite (Chalchihuitztli), a precious stone, ii., 259, 350, 372, 606, 707; iii., 250, 271, 368, 385, 390; v., 254, 257.

Chalchihuitlicue (Chalchihuitlicueyòhua, Chalchiuhcyeje), Nahua goddess, ii., 260, 516; iii., 367-76.

Chalchiuhmatz, a Toltec chief, v., 243.

Chalchiuhnenetzin, a Mexican princess, v., 449.

Chalchiuhtepehua, Nahua sacrificer, ii., 430.

Chalchiuhtlanetzin, lord of Coyuhuacan, v., 349.

Chalchiuh Tlatonac (Chalchiuhtlatonac, Chalchiuhtlanetzin, Chalchiuhtlahuextzin, Tlalchiuhtlanelzin), Toltec king, v., 245-7, 266, 311, 326.

Chalchiuh Tlatonac II. (Chalchiuhtona), Culhua king, v., 257, 330-1.

Chalchuapa, town, Salvador, i., 787.

Chalchuni, i., 293, see Chatcheenie.

Chalcitan, district of Guatemala, i., 789.

Chalco, province and town, Mexico, v., 310, 324, 380, 401.

Chalco Lake, Mexico, antiq., iv., 497-8; hist., v., 309.

Chalmecaciuatl (Chalmecacioatl), Nahua goddess, iii., 396, 416.

Chalones, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; lang., iii., 653.

Chalosas, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Chalqueños, Cent. Mex. tribe, i., 617-44; lang., iii., 725.

Chalulas, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 308.

Chalumü, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 454.

Chamalcan (Chimalacan), Cakchiquel god, iii., 483-4; v., chap. xi.

Chamé, tribe of Isthmians, i., 747-85; location, i., 795; lang., iii., 794.

Chamilah, locality, Guatemala, v., chap. xi.

Chammá Mts., i., 786.

Chamolla, city, Chiapas, i., 681.

Champoton (Potonchan), city, Yucatan, v., 226, chap. xiii.

Chan, Votan's ancestor, iii., 451; v., 69.

Chañabal, Guatemala lang., iii., 760, 762.

Chanan (Ghanan), Tzendal day, ii., 767.

Chanate Mts., i., 594.

Chancafes, North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Chancel agua, medicinal herb, i., 419.

Chanech, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 454.

Changuenes, tribe of Isthmians, i., 747-85; location, i., 748.

Chanigtacs, i., 453, see Cachenahs.

Chants, see Songs.

Chantunyab, Maya dance, ii., 697.

Chanwappans, tribe of Sahaptins, i., 253-91; location, i., 320-1.

Chapels, ii., 555, 588, 738; iii., 239.

Chapingo, Mex., antiq., iv., 527.

Chaplets, i., 170; iii., 150.

Chapopote Mt, i., 613.

Chapopotli, a kind of pitch, ii., 322-3; iii., 361.

Chapugtacs, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 452.

Chapulco, Guatemala, antiq., iv., 115.

Chapulistagua, Honduras, antiq., iv., 71.

Chapultepec (Chapoltepec), town in Mexico, ii., 166-7; iii., 298; antiq., iv., 502; hist., v., 295-7, 321-4, 330-1, 340.

Chapultepecuitlapilco (Vetzinco), city, Mexico, iii., 248.

Chapuluca, Honduras, antiq., iv., 71.

Charác, village, Sonora, i., 608.

Character, Hyperboreans, i., 68, 86-7, 93-4, 113-14, 120, 122, 133, 135-7; Columbians, i., 173-4, 206-8, 220-2, 249-50, 289-91; Californians, i., 360-1, 397-401, 422, 440-2; New Mexicans, i., 524-6, 555-6, 570-1, 590-1; Mexicans, i., 24, 641-4, 668-70; ii., 470, 626-9; Central Americans, i., 709-11, 745-7, 784-5; ii., 803; iv., 126-7, 131, 142.

Characu, Tarasco king, v., 516.

Charcoal, i., 210, 404, 535, 631, 722, 752; ii., 174, 483, 651, 710.

Chareckquin, North California spirit land, iii., 177.

Chareya, North California god, i., 352-3; iii., 90, 161; v., 19.

Charities, ii., 623, 637; iii., 431.

Charms, Hyperboreans, iii., 141, 144-5; Columbians, i., 171, 284; iii., 130; Californians, i., 418; New Mexicans, i., 522, 588; Mexicans, i., 634; ii., 145, 269, 300, 317, 319, 328, 334, 350, 477, 602; iii., 364; Cent. Americans, i., 734; ii., 697.

Charnel-house, Nahuas, ii., 430-1, 585-6.

Charon, Nahua myth., ii., 605.

Chart, see Maps.

Chase, see Hunting.

Chastà, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 308.

Chastay, i., 333, see Shastas.

Chastity, Hyperboreans, i., 65, 81, 123, 132; Columbians, i., 168-9, 196-8, 218, 242, 278; Californians, i., 351, 437; New Mexicans, i., 514-15, 549, 565, 585; Mexicans, i., 661-2; ii., 143, 251, 469-70; iii., 435-6; Central Americans, i., 703; ii., 651, 659, 675.

Chatalhuic, Nahua medicine, ii., 599.

Chatcheenie (Chatcheenee, Chalchuni), tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 293.

Chatham Sound, i., 96, 142, 155, 171.

Chatinos, South Mex. tribe, i., 644-70; location, i., 681; special mention, i., 646; lang., iii., 752.

Chaudières (Chualpays, Kettle Falls, Quiarlpi, Schrooyelpi, Schwoyelpi, Shuyelpi, Wheelpo), Inland Columbian tribes, i., 250-91; location, i., 314-15; special mention, i., 262, 280.

Chavin de Huanta, Peru, antiq., iv., 801.

Chawteuh Bakowas, Cent. California tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 447.

Chayen, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Chayher, Aht god, iii., 521.

Chaykisaht, tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 295.

Chayopines, North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Che, Quiché month, ii., 766.

Cheate River, i., 304.

Cheattees (Cheahtocs, Chetkos, Chitcos), North California tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 443.

Checatl, Toltec chief, v., 243.

Checaylis, i., 301, see Chehalis.

Chedochogs, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 449.

Cheek-bones, Hyperboreans, i., 46, 116; Columbians, i., 157-8, 177-8, 210, 225-6; Californians, i., 328, 364; New Mexicans, i., 530, 573; Mexicans, i., 619; Central Americans, i., 688, 714.

Cheek-ornaments, i., 717, 753.

Cheen, ii., 758; see Chen.

Cheenales, tribe of Sound Indians, i., 208-22; location, i., 299.

Cheese, South Mexico commerce, i., 659.

Chegoe, a sand insect, i., 742, 778.

Chehalis (Cheehaylas, Checaylis, Chihailis, Chickeeles, Chekilis, Tsihailish, Tchéilichs), tribe of Sound Indians, i., 208-22; location, i., 209, 301, 303; special mention, i., 214; lang., iii., 618-19, 626.

Chehalis River, i., 209, 303.

Chek oc Katun (Lath oc Katun), Maya division of cycle, ii., 762.

Chekasschees, tribe of Salish, i., 252-91; location, i., 315.

Chekilis, i., 303, see Chehalis.

Chelan Lake, i., 316.

Cheles, branch of the Mayas, ii., 119, 126, 633; v., chap. xiii.

Chelly Cañon, i., 596; New Mexico, antiq., iv., 651-2.

Chemakane Mission, i., 315.

Chemeguaba, South California lang., iii., 677.

Chemegue, South California lang., iii., 677.

Chemegue Cajuala, South California lang., iii., 677.

Chemegue Sebita, South California lang., iii., 677.

Chemehuevis (Chemihuevis, Chemehnevis, Chemehuewas, Chimehwhuebes, Chimehuevais, Chimchinves), tribe of Shoshones, i., 422-42; location, i., 466; lang., iii., 660, 677-9.

Chen (Cheen), Maya month, ii., 690, 757-8.

Chepewyans (Athabascas), tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-137; location and name, i., 114-16, 144; special mention, i., 116-21, 135-6; myth., iii., 518-19; v., 14; origin, v., 22.

Chepo, Isthmian province, i., 796.

Chepobar, Isthmian province, i., 796.

Chepo River, i., 796-7.

Cherokee, lang., iii., 738.

Cherokee Flat, Cal., antiq., iv., 707.

Cherries, drinks made from, i., 707; ii., 724.

Chethl, Thlinkeet god, iii., 103, 146.

Chetkos, i., 443, see Cheattees.

Chetlessentuns, North California tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 442.

Chettro Kettle, New Mexico, antiq., i., 537.

Chetulul, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 211; hist., v., chap. xiii.

Cheveriches (Cibariches), tribe of Shoshones, i., 422-42; location, i., 464.

Chian, seed, ii., 347, 487, 600.

Chiantla, town, Guatemala, i., 787.

Chiapanecs, Maya nation, i., 645-70; ii., 630-803; location, i., 681; ii., 120-1, 126; special mention, i., 648-9, 654, 658, 660; ii., 644-5, 726, 739, 762, 766-7; myth., iii., 458; lang., iii., 759-63; hist., v., 158-69, 221, 227-36, 440, 473, chap. x., xi., xii.

Chiapas, Nations and tribes, i., 645-70, 673, 681-3; ii., 120-1, 126, 630-803; myth., iii., 458; lang., iii., 759-63; antiq., ii., 116; iv., 288-365; hist., v., 158-69, 221, 227-36, 440, 473, chap. x., xi., xii.

Chiauhtla, Nahua title, ii., 441.

Chiawar, ancient city, Guatemala, v., chap. xi.

Chiawat, Pima devil, iii., 527.

Chibirias, Maya Holy Virgin, iii., 462.

Chic (Chiue), Tzendal day, ii., 767.

Chicacotra, Isthmian lang., iii., 794.

Chicchan, Maya day, ii., 755-6, 760.

Chicha, drink, i., 636, 706, 775; ii., 724.

Chichac, suburb of Chiquix, v., chap. xi.

Chichac Chob, Maya god, ii., 701.

Chichanchob, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 233-4.

Chichen Itza, Yucatan, antiq., ii., 791-2; iv., 220-37, 274-5, 285; hist., v., 225-6, chap. xiii.

Chichigalpa, town, Nicaragua, i., 792.

Chichihuatzin, lord of Tulancingo, v., 349.

Chichilop, South California tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Chichilticale, name of Casa Grande, Arizona, antiq., iv., 621-2.

Chichimecas Vanáceos, v., 511; see Wanacaces.

Chichimecatlalli, a district of Mexico, v., 298.

Chichimecatl, Chichimec king, iii., 249-50; v., 219-20.

Chichimecatlalpayatzin, high-priest of Cholula, v., 349.

Chichimecatl Tecuhtli, Chichimec imperial title, v., 319.

Chichimecs, Nahua nation, i., 617-44; ii., 133-629; location and name, i., 617-18, 670, 673; ii., 101-5, 126; special mention, i., 622, 624, 628-9, 632-3, 643; ii., 167-73, 225, 261-2, 344, 364-5, 411, 606, 609, 612-13; myth., iii., 109, 403; lang., iii., 724-5; hist., v., 218-20, 237-50, 289-499, 507, 510, 519, chap. x.

Chichimec Culhuas, Nahua nation, i., 617-44; ii., 133-629; hist., v., 242, 248.

Chichimec-Toltecs, Nahua nation, hist., v., 484-7.

Chichimec Wanacaces, see Wanacaces.

Chichitzin, lord of Tepeaca, v., 349.

Chichtli, musical instrument, ii., 396.

Chic Kaban, Maya feast, ii., 700.

Chickeeles, i., 303; see Chehalis.

Chicklezats (Chicklezahts), tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 296-7.

Chicoapalnacazminqui, Nahua military cloak, ii., 402.

Chicohnahuimictlan (Chicuhnauhmictlan), a division of Mictlan, iii., 401, 534.

Chicomecoatl (Chicomecouatl), Nahua goddess, iii., 352, 421.

Chicomoztoc, ancient home of Aztecs, iii., 58, 67; antiq., iv., 580; hist., v., 188, 191, 197, 203, 219-23, 228, 307, 322-6, 422-4, 487.

Chiconahuapan (Chicunahuapan), Nahua river of death, ii., 605; iii., 538.

Chiconquauhtli, Otomí lord, v., 317.

Chiconquiavitl, Nahua god, iii., 416.

Chicon Tonatiuh, Toltec king, v., 242, 249.

Chicoratas (Chicoratos), North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 609; special mention, i., 573, 579; lang., iii., 707.

Chicoziagat, Nicaragua god, iii., 491.

Chicune, Isthmian god, iii., 499.

Chicuras, North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 609.

Chicutae, Cent. California tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 454.

Chiefs, see Government.

Chigmit (Tschigmit) Mts., i., 149.

Chignaviucelut, Quiché king, v., chap. xi.

Chigohom, Cakchiquel city, v., chap. xi.

Chiguacua (Chiguangua, Tzihuanga), name for Zwanga, v., 516.

Chiguau, Central California tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Chihailis, i., 303; see Chehalis.

Chihuahua, Nations and tribes, i., 473-525, 571-93, 604; myth., iii., 178; lang., iii., 593-4, 583, 667, 710, 716-17; antiq., iv., 603-14.

Chihucchihui, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Chihuitlan, Oajaca, antiq., iv., 373.

Chila, Puebla, antiq., iv., 465-6.

Chilam Calam (Chilam Balam), high-priest, Mani, v., chap. xiii.

Chilanes, Maya diviners, iii., 473.

Chilapan, province in Guerrero, i., 677; v., 412.

Chilcat, i., 142, see Chilkat.

Chilcuautla, Mex., antiq., iv., 549.

Childbirth, see Women.

Children, Hyperboreans, i., 66, 81-2, 92, 111-12, 117, 121, 131-3; Columbians, i., 169, 178, 180, 197, 201, 218, 242, 279-80; Californians, i., 350-1, 379, 390-1, 412-14, 437; New Mexicans, i., 513-14, 548-9, 566, 585; Mexicans, i., 633-5, 661-2, 664; ii., 183, 240-51, 263-5, 271-81, 305, 626; iii., 331-4, 370-6, 392, 394-5, 421, 428, 436-7; Cent. Americans, i., 703-4, 734, 773; ii., 661-4, 672-3, 678-84, 729.

Chile (Ají), red pepper, i., 624, 626, 652, 694-5, 721, 759; ii., 175, 343, 347, 600; see also Pepper.

Chilians, origin, v., 22.

Chilicothe, town, British Columbia, iii., 613.

Chili Gulch, Cal., antiq., iv., 704.

Chilili, village, New Mex., i., 527.

Chililitli, Nahua musical instrument, ii., 589.

Chilkat (Chilcat) River, i., 142, 148.

Chilkats (Chilkahts), tribe of Thlinkeets, i., 96-114; location, i., 96, 142; lang., iii., 579.

Chilkoten Plain, i., 156, 292.

Chilkotins (Tsilkotin), tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-37; location, i., 115.

Chillates, tribe of Sound Indians, i., 208-22; location, i., 303.

Chilluckittequaws, Inland tribe, i., 254-91; location, i., 320; special mention, i., 258, 260, 267, 270, 273, 287, 320.

Chillulahs (Chillulas), North Cal. tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 446; special mention, i., 357, 361; lang., iii., 643.

Chillwayhook Lake, i., 298.

Chillwayhook River, i., 298.

Chillwayhooks, tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 298.

Chillychandize, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 309.

Chilnequatolli, a gruel, ii., 355.

Chilts (Chiltz), tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 303-6.

Chimakums (Chinakums), tribe of Sound Indians, i., 208-22; location, i., 302.

Chimalcan (Chimalacan), see Chamalcan.

Chimalco, station, Aztec migration, v., 323.

Chimalcuixintecuhtli, Teo-Chichimec leader, v., 489.

Chimalhuacan Atenco, station, Toltec migration, v., 212.

Chimalhuacan Tlachialco, Mexico, antiq., iv., 496.

Chimalli, Mexican shield, ii., 406.

Chimalma (Chimalman), Nahua goddess, iii., 250; v., 27, 88, 253.

Chimalmat, Quiché goddess, v., 172.

Chimalpan, station, Aztec migration, v., 323.

Chimalpanecan, ward of Tezcuco city, v., 404.

Chimalpanecs, Nahua nation, v., 338.

Chimalpopoca, king of Mexico, v., 361-6, 380-6; king of Tlacopan, v., 426, 440.

Chimalpopoca Codex, see Codex Chimalpopoca.

Chimalquays, North Cal. tribe, i., 326-61; loc., i., 446; lang., iii., 643.

Chimaltecuhtli, king of Matlaltzinco, v., 432.

Chimaltenango, town, Guatemala, i., 788; v., chap. xi.

Chimaltizatl, paint-stone, ii., 487.

Chimamatl, Nahua mythic personage, iii., 249.

Chiman River, i., 796.

Chimapalnecatl, Nahua god, iii., 418.

Chimchinves, i., 466, see Chemehuevis.

Chimedocs, i., 456, see Choomedocs.

Chimehuevais, i., 466, see Chemehuevis.

Chimehwhuebes, iii., 677, see Chemehuevis.

Chimnapums (Chimnahpums, Chunnapuns), Inland tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 320.

Chimpsain Peninsula, i., 293.

Chimsyans (Chimmesyans, Chimpsains, Chimseeans, Chimsians, Chyniseyans, Tsimsheeans), tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 155, 293; special mention, i., 125, 157-8, 165, 171, 174, 294; lang., iii., 607.

Chin (Cavil, Maran), Maya god, ii., 677.

Chinabahul, town, Guatemala, i., 787.

Chinametl, Acolhua general, v., 492.

Chinamita, Guatemala, lang., iii., 761; antiq., iv., 115.

Chinamital, Quiché fiefs, ii., 643-4.

Chinamitl Lake, station, Aztec migration, v., 323.

Chinampas, floating gardens, ii., 345-6, 575; v., 345.

Chinandéga, town, Nicaragua, i., 792.

Chinantecs (Tenez), South Mex. tribe, i., 644-70; location, i., 681; special mention, i., 651-2; lang., iii., 752, 760.

Chinantla, town, Oajaca, i., 680; v., 416.

Chinapa, village, Sonora, i., 606.

Chinarra, North Mex. lang., iii., 714.

Chinax, Tzendal day, ii., 767; name of chief, v., 164, 187.

Chincila, name for Tzintzuntzan, v., 516.

Chinday, Navajo evil spirit, iii., 171.

Chinese, similarities to Americans, i., 170; iii., 647, 737-8; v., 33-40, 44-51.

Chinigchinich, Acagchemem god, iii., 163-6.

Chinipas, North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 609; special mention, i., 575, 585; lang., iii., 711.

Chinooks, (Chenooks, Cheenooks, Chinnooks, Tchinouk, Tchi-nuk, Tshinuk), one of the nine families into which the Columbians are divided; manners and customs of all its nations and tribes described together, i., 222-50; physique, i., 224-5; dress, i., 226-30; dwellings, i., 231-2; food, i., 232-5; weapons and war, i., 235-6; implements and manufactures, i., 236-7; boats, i., 237; property and commerce, i., 238-9; art, i., 239; government, i., 240; slavery, i., 240-1; marriage and women, i., 241-3; amusements, i., 243-5; miscellaneous customs, i., 245; medicine, i., 245-6; burial, i., 247-9; character, i., 249-50; location of tribes, i., 151, 222, 304-10; myth., iii., 95-6, 137, 155-6, 519; v., 19; lang., iii., 626-34.

Chin-ornaments, i., 753; ii., 376.

Chinquimes, i., 677, see Tlapanecs.

Chins, name for Atnahs, i., 251.

Chintule, aromatic plant, i., 654.

Chiowotmahke, Pima god, iii., 78.

Chipiripe, Isthmian god, iii., 499.

Chipisclins, Cent. California tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 452.

Chipixab, (Chi-Pixab), mountain, Guatemala, v., chap. xi.

Chipletacs, Cent. California tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Chipogana, Isthmian town, i., 796.

Chippanchickchicks, inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 317.

Chiputcas, Cent. California tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Chiquauhtli, lord of Mizquic, v., 349.

Chiquimula, province, Guatemala, v., chap. xi., xii.

Chiquimulas, tribe of Guatemala, i., 686-711; loc., i., 789; lang., iii., 760.

Chiquinaut, Nicaragua god, iii., 491.

Chiquiuhio, station, Aztec migration, v., 323.

Chiquivin, a plant, v., chap. xi.

Chiquix, ancient name for Quichés, and town in Guatemala, v., chap. xi.

Chira Island, Costa Rica, antiq., iv., 22.

Chiricagui Mts., (Chiricahua), i., 475, 598.

Chiricagüis (Chirocahues), tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; loc., iii., 594.

Chirichota, Guatemala tribe, i., 686-711; loc., i., 787; lang., iii., 760.

Chirimaya (Chirimiya), musical instrument, i., 705, 738.

Chiripos, tribe of Isthmians, i., 747-85; lang., iii., 793.

Chiriquí, province, Isthmus Panama, antiq., iv., 15-21; hist., v., chap. xii.

Chiriquí Indians, tribe of Isthmians, i., 747-85; special mention, i., 752-4, 767, 769, 784.

Chiriquí Lagoon, i., 795.

Chiru, tribe of Isthmians, i., 747-85; location, i., 795; lang., iii., 794.

Chirumas, iii., 685, see Yumas.

Chisels, i., 184, 189, 237, 343; ii., 750.

Chistla, Vera Cruz, antiq., iv., 445.

Chitamihuany, abode of Aztec Venus, iii., 377.

Chitcheah, Kutchin clan, i., 132.

Chitcos, i., 443, see Cheattees.

Chitulul, Cakchiquel city, v., chap. xi.

Chitwout, iii., 613, see Similkameen.

Chiuchin, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Chiue, ii., 767, see Chic.

Chiuhnauhtla (Chiuhnauhtlan), city, Mexico, ii., 441; v., 476.

Chivim, Votan's ancestor, iii., 451, v., 69-71.

Chixnal, locality, Guatemala, v., chap. xi.

Chixoy River, i., 789; v., chap. xi.

Chiyoc Queh Ehgug, a Cakchiquel chief, v., chap. xi.

Chizos, North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 610.

Chnagmutes, (Tschnagmjuten, Tschnagmüten), tribe of Koniagas, i., 70-87; location, i., 70, 141; lang., iii., 576.

Choam Chadéla Pomos, Cent. California tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 362, 448.

Chochonis, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 309.

Chochona, (Chochontes, Chochos, Chuchon), i., 677; iii., 752; see Tlapanecs.

Chockrelatans, North Cal. tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 443.

Choco Bay, i., 797.

Choco Mountains, i., 749.

Chocolatl, chocolate, ii., 359-60.

Chocos (Chocoes), tribe of Isthmians, i., 747-85; location, i., 749, 796-7; special mention, i., 750, 785.

Chocotoy, Guatemala, antiq., iv., 131.

Chocoyan, station, Chichimec migration, v., 293.

Chocreleatans, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 308.

Chocuyem, Central California lang., iii., 647.

Choemimnees, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 456.

Chohom, Maya dance, ii., 698.

Chohoptins, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 317.

Chóis, town, Sonora, i., 608.

Choiteeu, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 449.

Chokemnies (Chokiamauves), Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; loc., i., 455-6.

Chokishgna, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 460.

Cholamag, locality, Guatemala, v., chap. xi.

Choles, South Mex. tribe, i., 644-70; location, i., 645, 682, 786; special mention, i., 668-9; myth., iii., 122, 482; lang., iii., 760, 763.

Cholicus, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Chollolan, city, Puebla, see Cholula.

Choloma River, i., 793.

Cholos, tribe of Isthmians, i., 747-85; location, i., 796-7; lang., iii., 794-5.

Cholosoc, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Cholula (Chollolan), city, Puebla, i., 622-3, 671; ii., 112-13, 142, 588-9; iii., 240, 248-9, 724; antiq., iv., 469-76; v., 57; hist., v., 200-2, 238, 258-67, 297, 459-63, 483-502, 528, chap. x.

Cholultecs, Nahua nation, i., 617-44; ii., 133-629; special mention, i., 622-3; ii., 126-7, 142, 588-9, 629; myth., iii., 195, 240, 248-9; lang., iii., 724; hist., v., 200, 238, 258-67, 297, 307-10, 459-63, 485-507, chap. xii.

Cholutecs, Guatemala tribe, i., 686-711; location, i., 688, 791; ii., 123; special mention, i., 711; lang., iii., 791; hist., v., chap. xii.

Chomiha, Quiché 2d created woman, iii., 48.

Chontales (Chondals, Chontals, Ciondale), Maya nation, i., 687-711; ii., 630-803; location, i., 645, 688, 790; ii., 111; special mention, i., 646-7, 651-3, 668, 707, 711; lang., iii., 783, 791-2; antiq., iv., 32-9, 56-8, 60; hist., v., chap. ii.

Chontalcuatlan, Guerrero, antiq., iv., 424.

Choomedocs (Chimedocs), Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 456.

Choomtéyas, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 456.

Choomuch, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 456.

Choomwits, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 456.

Chopunnish (Copunnish), Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 317; special mention, i., 273-4, 279, 287, 289.

Chori, North Cal. tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 446.

Choromi, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 454.

Chorote, South Mex. drink, i., 665.

Chorotegans (Ciocotoga), Maya nation, i., 686-711; ii., 630-803; location, i., 688, 791; special mention, i., 709, 752; lang., iii., 791-3; hist., v., chap. xii.

Chortis, Guatemala tribe, i., 686-711; location, i., 789; lang., iii., 760.

Chota, Sonora, lang., iii., 720.

Chotocoy, Guatemala, antiq., iv., 131.

Chowchilla River, i., 452, 455.

Chowchillas, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 363-401; location, i., 455.

Chowclas, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 456.

Chowechaks (Choweshak), Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 449; lang., iii., 647.

Chowig-na, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 460.

Christóval, Don, Nihaib prince, v., chap. xi.

Christy Collection, Mexican Republic, antiq., iv., 555-9.

Chtagaluk Island, i., 139.

Chualpays, i., 315, see Chaudières.

Chuapan, locality, Oajaca, i., 681.

Chuchictacs, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Chuchones, i., 677, see Tlapanecs.

Chucunaquese, i., 797, see Cunacunas.

Chucunas, i., 785; see Cunacunas.

Chuchura, Isthmian lang., iii., 794.

Chuen, Maya day, ii., 755-6, 760.

Chueti River, i., 796.

Chugachuik Bay (Chugach, Chugachik, Tschugatsk), i., 139, 149.

Chugatschen Islands, i., 139.

Chugatsches (Chugatshes, Tschugatschen, Tschugazzi, Tchugatchih, Tschugatsches, Tschugatsi, Tschgatzi, Tschugatschi, Tschugatskaja, Tschuktchi, Tschuktschi, Tchutski, Tuski), tribe of Koniagas, i., 69-87; location, i., 70, 139; special mention, i., 72-3.

Chulimal, ancient city, Guatemala, v., chap. xi.

Chulpuns, Cent. California tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Chultunes, cisterns, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 252.

Chuluc, a Cakchiquel prince, v., chap. xi.

Chumas (Kachumas), South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 458.

Chumbias, Cent. Mex. tribe, i., 617-44; location, i., 677.

Chumilaha, a Guatemala tribe, v., chap. xi.

Chumpache, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Chumuchn (Chumuchu), South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Chuncana, at Rio Jaïna, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 262.

Chunemnes (Chunemmes), Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 363, 456.

Chunhuhu, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 220.

Chunkin, Maya mid-day, ii., 755.

Chunnapuns, i., 320, see Chimnapums.

Chun-Zak-Yoc, Guatemala tribe, i., 686-711; location, i., 787.

Chupadores, Isthmian sorcerers, i., 780.

Chupan, Peru, antiq., iv., 804.

Chupcan, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Chupumnes, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 450; lang., iii., 649.

Chuquanaqua River, i., 796-7.

Churchill River, i., 144.

Churmutcé, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Chusattes River, i., 321.

Chuscan, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Chutchins, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 452.

Chutimal, ancient city, Guatemala, v., chap. xi.

Chutsain, Tinneh evil spirit, iii., 142.

Chuva-Tzak, ancient city, Guatemala, v., chap. xi.

Chuvi-Mugina, ancient city, Guatemala, v., chap. xi.

Chwachamaju (Chwachamaja), Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 449; lang., iii., 648.

Chynaus, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 452.

Chyniseyans, i., 293, see Chimsyans.

Ciateupan, iii., 362, see Cioateucalli.

Ci (Balam), Quiché-Cakchiquel day, ii., 767.

Cib, Maya day, ii., 755-6, 760.

Cibakihay, a Cakchiquel princely family, v., chap. xi.

Cibariches, i., 464, see Cheveriches.

Cibixic, Cakchiquel month, ii., 766.

Cíbola, town, New Mexico, i., 527, 537, 544; antiq., iv., 673-4.

Cíbolo, Mexican bull, i., 527.

Cicuhnauhuepaniuhcan, abode of Aztec Venus, iii., 377.

Cicuyé, Pueblo province, i., 527.

Cihoapatli, a medicinal herb, ii., 268.

Cihom, name of a tree, ii., 683.

Cihuacoatl (Cihuacohuatl, Cihuatcoatl), ii., 138; iii., 350, 363; see Cioacoatl.

Cihuailhuitl, Nahua month, iii., 419.

Cihuapohualoyan, city, North-east Mex., v., 472.

Cihuaquaquilli, Nahua priestesses, ii., 205.

Cihuatetzin, a Toltec princess, v., 311.

Cihuatlamacasque, Nahua priestesses, ii., 205.

Cihuatlanque, Nahua title, ii., 254.

Cijp, ii., 757, see Zip.

Cimarron River, iii., 595.

Cimatecuhtli, a Teo-Chichimec chief, v., 490.

Cimi, Maya day, ii., 755-6, 760.

Cinaca-Mecallo, Guatemala, antiq., iv., 116-17.

Cinahitoh, a Cakchiquel chief, v., chap. xi.

Cinaloas, i., 607, see Sinaloas.

Cinchau Yzamna, Maya god, ii., 696.

Cinihuaj, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Cinnabar, i., 370; iii., 435.

Cinteucyòhua, Nahua calendar-sign and god, ii., 516.

Cinzica, v., 516, see Zintzicha.

Cioacoatl (Ciuacoatl, Cihuacoatl, Civacoatl, Cihuacohuatl, Cihuatcoatl), Nahua goddess, and title of supreme judge, ii., 138, 269, 434, 608; iii., 350, 363-6.

Cioapipilti, a deified woman, iii., 362.

Cioateucalli (Ciateupan), Nahua place of prayer, iii., 362.

Cioatlamacazque, festival damsels, iii., 358, 404.

Ciocotoga, i., 791, see Chorotegans.

Ciondale, i., 791, see Chontales.

Ciotliahuatl, Nahua god, ii., 491.

Cipactli, Nahua day, ii., 511-12, 516-17; iii., 252.

Cipactonal, Nahua prophet and god, iii., 252; v., 190.

Cipattonal (Zipattoval), Nicaragua goddess, iii., 75, 490-1.

Circees, i., 145, see Sarsis.

Circleville, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 759.

Circumcision, i., 121, 666; ii., 278-9, 679; iii., 439-40, 507; v., 88, 96-7.

Ciriés, i., 145, see Sarsis.

Cisterns, see Reservoirs.

Citan Qatu, a Cakchiquel ruler, v., chap. xi.

Citbolontum, Maya god, ii., 697.

Cit Chac Coh, Maya temple, ii., 693.

Citin, Acolhua ancestral family, v., 310.

Citinatonali, name of Tonacatecotle, iii., 272.

Citlalatonac (Citlallatonac), Nahua god, iii., 58, 70.

Citlalicue (Citlallinicue), Nahua goddess, iii., 58, 70.

Citli, Nahua god, iii., 61.

Ciuacoatl (Civacoatl), i., 363, see Cioacoatl.

Ciuanemactli, a concubine, ii., 265.

Ciuatlantli, a wife, ii., 264-5.

Ciudad, see Cerro de la Ciudad.

Ciudad Real, city, Chiapas, i., 786.

Ciutla, town, Guerrero, i., 677.

Civilization, i., 3-4, 33-4, 154, 176, 615-16; phases of, ii., 1-80; general view of civilized nations, ii., 81-125, 804-5.

Clackamas (Clackamis, Clackamos, Clackamus, Clakemas, Clarkamees, Klackamas), tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 223, 308-10; special mention, i., 229, 309.

Clackamas (Clackamos) River, i., 308-10.

Clackstars, i., 308; see Clockstars.

Clahclellahs, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 306.

Clahnaquah, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 308.

Clahoose (Klahous), tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 176, 296, 298.

Clallams (Clalams, Clallums, Sklallam, S'klalum, Sklallum, Tsclallum), tribe of Sound Indians, i., 208-22; location, i., 208, 295, 302; special mention, i., 211-13, 216-17, 220, 222; myth., iii., 155, 522; lang., iii., 608, 615.

Clallueis, (Clalluiis), tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 295.

Clallums, i., 295; see Clallams.

Clamet, i., 443; see Klamath.

Clamoctomichs, tribe of Sound Indians, i., 208-22; location, i., 303.

Clamoitomish, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 305.

Clams, i., 163, 186-8, 213.

Clanimatas, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 306.

Clannahminamuns, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 308.

Clannarminnamuns, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 306.

Clans, see Castes.

Clarence Straits, i., 143.

Clarkamees, i., 310; see Clackamas.

Clarke River, i., 252, 311.

Class Distinctions, ii., 192-4, 638, 649, 663, 668.

Classets (Clatsets, Macaws, Makahs), tribe of Sound Indians, i., 280-22; location, i., 208, 302-3; special mention, i., 210-11, 213-15, 218, 222; lang., iii., 608, 615.

Clatscanias, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 304; lang., ii., 626.

Clatsop Point, i., 306.

Clatsops (Clotsops, Tlatsaps), tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 223, 304, 306; special mention, i., 226, 235, 249; lang., iii., 626.

Clawetsus, i., 295; see Clowetsus.

Claws, as ornaments, i., 117, 426, 438, 496, 580, 752-3; ii., 372; iii., 398.

Clay, see Earth.

Clayoquots (Klahohquahts, Klaooquates, Kla-os-quates, Klayquoits, Tlaoquatch, Tloquatch), tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 175, 296-7; spec. mention, i., 177, 190, 194, 207.

Clayoquot Sound, i., 175-6, 295, 297.

Cleanliness, Hyperboreans, i., 81, 83; Columbians, i., 187-8; Californians, i., 430-1; New Mexicans, i., 492-3; Mexicans, i., 654; ii., 245; Central Americans, i., 696, 722, 760.

Clear Lake Indians, Central California tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 362, 448, 451; special mention, i., 364, 367-8, 381-2, 385-6, 388-9, 396, 398; myth., iii., 86-7.

Clearwater River, i., 253, 317.

Clehuse (Clehure), tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 295.

Clelikitte, tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 295.

Clickahuts, i., 320, see Kliketats.

Clickitats, i., 256, see Kliketats.

Clictass (Clictars), tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 292.

Cliff-Carvings, see Hieroglyphics.

Climate, i., 14; ii., 44-55, 87-90; Hyperboreans, i., 38, 43-5; Columbians, i., 153, 156; Californians, i., 324; New Mexicans, i., 472, 557, 572; Mexicans, i., 616-17, 644; iii., 312; iv., 141-2, 287-8; Central Americans, i., 685-7, 747; iv., 135.

Clockstars (Clackstars), tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 306, 308.

Cloos, i., 292, see Klues.

Cloth, manufacture and commerce, i., 582, 726, 766-7; ii., 259, 484-5, 752.

Clothing, see Dress.

Clotsops, i., 304, see Clatsops.

Cloughewallhahs, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 309.

Clover, Central Californian food, i., 373-7.

Cloverdale, town, Central California, i., 449.

Clowetsus (Clawetsus), tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 295.

Clubs, Columbians, i., 164, 235; Californians, i., 343, 377-8, 407, 431, 433; New Mexicans, i., 493-4, 541, 562, 578-9; Mexicans, i., 627; ii., 408-9; iii., 289, 291; Central Americans, i., 722, 760, 763.

Clunsus, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 311.

Coacuech, Chichimec chief, v., 317.

Coacuiles, Nahua priests, ii., 608.

Coahuayana, river, Michoacan, v., 508.

Coahuila, description and location of tribes, i., 473-526, 593; lang., iii., 563, 594; antiq., iv., 598-600.

Coahuillas, i., 457, see Cahuillos.

Coanenepilli, snake-bite antidote, ii., 600.

Coapatli, snake-bite antidote, ii., 600.

Coaquites, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Coat of arms, Nahua, ii., 160, 169-71, 405; iii., 73; iv., 467, 469, 481, 498.

Coatepantli (Coatlapechtli), species of snakes, ii., 578; iii., 254, 292.

Coatepec (Cohuactepec, Cuauhtepec), station, Aztec migration, v., 323-4, 329; locality, Puebla, v., 490.

Coatetl, princess of Chalco, v., 311.

Coati Island, Peru, antiq., iv., 805-6.

Coatl, Nahua day, ii., 511-12, 516-17.

Coatlan, Nahua temple, iii., 406; v., 426, 478; locality, Oajaca, v., chap. x.

Coatlantona (Coatlantonan), ii., 315; iii., 407, see Coatlicue.

Coatlan el Viejo, Guerrero, antiq., iv., 424.

Coatlapechtli, iii., 254, see Coatepantli.

Coatlayauhcan, station, Aztec migration, v., 323.

Coatlicamac, v., 323, see Cohuatlicamac.

Coatlichan (Coatlychan), city, Mexico, ii., 104, 441; v., 303, 310-11, 319-20, 333-4, 380, 388, 395.

Coatlicue (Cohuatlicue, Coatlycue, Coatlyace, Coatlyate, Coatlantona, Coatlantonan), Nahua goddess, ii., 315; iii., 288, 296, 407, 420-1; v., 242, 423-4, 487.

Coatlyace (Coatlyate), iii., 407, 420; see Coatlicue.

Coatzacoalco, iii., 275, see Goazacoalco.

Coatzon, v., 243, see Cohuatzon.

Coaxacayo, Nahua court mantle, ii., 375.

Coaxalpan, a chamber of the temple, iii., 358.

Coaxolotl, temple, Tlatelulco, v., 426.

Coba, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 236-7, 266.

Coban, city, Vera Paz, v., chap. xii.

Cocas, Central Mexican tribe, i., 617-44; location, i., 672; lang., iii., 720.

Cocauhtli (Catauhtlix, Cocoahtli), Toltec prince, v., 299.

Cocaztzin, lord of Quauhquelchula, v., 349.

Cochees, tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location, i., 475, 598.

Cochimetl, Nahua god, iii., 416.

Cochimís (Cochimas, Cochimíes, Colímiës, Cotschimì), Lower Californian tribe, i., 556-71; location, i., 557-8, 603; special mention, i., 558-9, 565-7, 570; myth., iii., 83, 170, 529; v., 20; lang., iii., 687-92.

Cochineal, i., 659, 694, 698; ii., 486.

Cochitas, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 572, 607.

Cochiti, Pueblo village, i., 599-600; lang., iii., 681-2.

Cochochlam, Quiché personage, v., chap. xi.

Cochtoca, locality, Mexico, iii., 253.

Cocibolca, locality, Nicaragua, i., 792.

Cocinas, tribe of Isthmians, i., 747-85; location, i., 796.

Cociyo, Zapotec god, iii., 457.

Cociyoeza (Cocyoëza), Zapotec king, v., 443-7, 534-5.

Cociyopu, king of Tehuantepec, v., 535.

Cock-fighting, Pueblos, i., 553.

Cockles, Haidah food, i., 163.

Coclamas, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 610.

Cocoahtli, v., 299, see Cocauhtli.

Cocoa-nut, i., 697, 719, 759, 768.

Cocobiptas, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Cocohuame, Sinaloa god, iii., 180.

Cocolcan, iii., 282, see Cukulcan.

Cocom, king of Mayapan, Yuc., v., chap. xiii.

Cocomaricopas, i., 555, 595; iii., 685; see Maricopas.

Cocomates, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Cocomes, Maya nation, ii., 630-803; special mention, ii., 119, 127, 633, 801; iii., 260, 282; name, v., 225; hist., v., chap. xiii.

Coconoons, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 456; lang., iii., 651.

Cocopas (Cocopahs), tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location, i., 598.

Cocori (Cocorún), village, Sonora, i., 608.

Cocospera, village, Arizona, i., 601.

Cocotl, Nahua place of sacrifice, iii., 333.

Cocotlanes, Central Mexican tribe, i., 617-44; location, i., 672.

Cocoyomes, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 610.

Cocula, Guerrero, antiq., iv., 423-4.

Coculatepil, Guerrero, antiq., iv., 424.

Cocyoëza, v., 443-7, see Cociyoeza.

Cod, Koniaga food, i., 76.

Codames, North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; special mention, i., 611.

Codex Bologna, ii., 530.

Codex Borgian, ii., 530.

Codex Mendoza, ii., 529, 538-40.

Codex Chimalpopoca, v., 192-4.

Codex Telleriano-Remensis, ii., 530.

Codex Vaticanus, ii., 529-30.

Codex Vienna, ii., 530.

Cœurs d'Alêne (Cœurs d'Aleines), Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location and name, i., 252, 313-14; special mention, i., 278, 289.

Cœur d'Alêne Lake, i., 252, 314.

Cœur d'Alêne River, i., 314.

Coffins, Hyperboreans, i., 69, 93, 113; Columbians, i., 172-3, 205-6, 247-9, 288; Californians, i., 420; Mexicans, ii., 605-6, 611-12, 616, 619, 621; Central Americans, i., 744, 82-3; iv., 17-18; Mississippi Valley, iv., 776.

Coguinachis, North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; loc., i., 606; lang., iii., 699.

Cogwell, i., 298, see Quackolls.

Cohah, Guatemalan tribe, i., 686-711; location, i., 789; origin, v., 21; hist., v., chap. xi.

Cohcaapa (Coaapan, Cozcaapan), locality, Mex., iii., 253, 258.

Cohuacayan, station, Chichimec migration, v., 294.

Cohuactepec, v., 323, see Coatepec.

Cohuailhuitl, Nahua month, ii., 312, 509.

Cohuaixtlahuacan, locality, Oajaca, ii., 109; v., 415-16.

Cohualzon, v., 243, see Cohuatzon.

Cohuanacoch, Chichimec prince, v., 474-7.

Cohuanas, tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location, i., 599.

Cohuanacotzin (Cohuanacox), a Toltec noble, v., 272-3, 277.

Cohuatitlan, station, Aztec migration, v., 323.

Cohuatl, Nahua title, ii., 189; calendar-sign, ii., 389; priestess, v., 254; Toltec chief, v., 297, 350.

Cohuatlicamac (Coatlicamac, Cohuatlycamac), station, Aztec migration, v., 323.

Cohuatlicue, v., 242, see Coatlicue.

Cohuatzin, v., 243, see Cohuatzon.

Cohuatzin, lord of Xiuhtepec, v., 406.

Cohuatzon (Cohuatzin, Cohuazon, Coatzon, Cohualzon), Toltec hero, v., 212-13, 243.

Cohuatzontli, Culhua princess, v., 358.

Cohuaxochitl, Toltec lady, v., 297.

Cohuazon, v., 243, see Cohuatzon.

Cohuitl, v., 328, see Copil.

Cohuixcas, Nahua nation, i., 617-44; ii., 133-629; location and name, i., 678; ii., 109, 127; hist., v., 307-10, 411-12, 508.

Coiba, Isthmian tribe, i., 747-85; location, i., 795; special mention, i., 761; lang., iii., 793.

Coiners' Prairie, i., 463.

Coins, antiq., iv., 15-16, 383.

Coitch, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 456.

Cojats, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Cojo (Cojotoc), i., 458, see Xocotoc.

Cojuklesatuch, tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 295.

Colanii Cobee Pécala, Zapotec priests, ii., 211.

Colcampata, royal lands, Peru, v., 47.

Colchacovatl, see Quetzalcoatl, v., 242.

Colche, ancient city in Guatemala, v., chap. xi.

Colchi, Guatemala tribe, i., 686-711; location, i., 788.

Colds, Hyperboreans, i., 86; Mexicans, i., 667; ii., 592, 599; Cent. Americans, i., 742; ii., 794-5.

Colechá, locality, Lower California, i., 569.

Colhuas, see Culhuas.

Colhua-Teuctli-Quanez, see Quanez.

Colic, Nootkas, i., 204.

Colima, antiq., iv., 572; hist., v., 473, 508.

Colímiës, i., 558; iii., 687, see Cochimís.

Collars, Hyperboreans, i., 97; Columbians, i., 170; Californians, i., 425; Mexicans, i., 651; ii., 222; iii., 289, 295, 324, 369; iv., 236; Cent. Americans, i., 701, 736, ii., 635, 657.

Colleges, see Schools and Education.

Colmena, Chiapas, antiq., iv., 353.

Coloc, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 458-9.

Columbia (New Granada), antiq., iv., 15-21.

Colomche, Maya dance, ii., 712.

Colopechtli, Olmec prince; v., 491.

Color, see Complexion.

Colorado, antiq., iv., 717-31.

Colorado Chiquito, i., 595, 600; antiq., iv., 641-50.

Colorado Desert, i., 324; iii., 593; Cal., antiq., iv., 690-1.

Colorado River, i., 457, 465-8, 475, 592-3, 595-7, 601-2; lang., iii., 683-6; antiq., iv., 619, 640; v., 323.

Colorados, North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 610.

Colotlan, locality, Zacatecas, i., 671; iii., 719.

Coltonco, town, Mexico, ii., 560.

Coltzin, Matlaltzinca god, iii., 446.

Columbia Lakes, i., 314.

Columbia River, i., 95, 151-2, 203, 223-4, 226, 229, 231-2, 238, 251-3, 289, 304-6, 311, 314, 316, 318, 320; iii., 579, 616, 626; iv., 734.

Columbians, one of the seven groups into which the natives of the Pacific States are divided, located in British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, Idaho and Montana, between latitudes 43° and 55°, subdivided into nine families, the Haidahs, Nootkas, Sound Indians, Chinooks, Shushwaps, Kootenais, Okanagans, Salish and Sahaptins. Manners and customs of each of the first four families described separately and of the last five together as the inland nations, i., 150-321; location, divisions, and tribal boundaries, i., 150-6, 292-321; myth., iii., 519-22; lang., iii., 564-5, 604-34; origin, v., 19.

Columns, ii., 555, 572; iii., 504-5; antiq., iv., 17, 20, 112-14, 120, 166-7, 175, 180-1, 200, 212-20, 229, 236, 242, 244-5, 257, 274-5, 399, 408, 416, 419, 443, 448, 478-9, 529, 547-9, 585, 591, 600, 713; v., 59-60.

Colusa County, i., 450.

Colusas, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 362, 450.

Colvilles, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 252, 314; special mention, i., 265, 280-1.

Colville Valley, i., 314.

Comachos, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 362, 449; special mention, i., 386.

Comagre, Isthmian Province, i., 758, 769-70, 782.

Comahcan, Quiché prince, v., chap. xi.

Comalá, village, Colima, i., 638.

Comalli, earthen baking-pans, i., 630; ii., 355.

Comanches (Eubaous, Hietans, Jetans, Nauni, Yetas, Yetans), tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location, i., 473, 591-2; special mention, i., 477-8, 483-4, 486, 491-6, 499-500, 506-13, 516-23, 525-6; myth., iii., 170, 528-9; lang., iii., 660-3, 670, 672.

Comatlan, locality, Jalisco, i., 672.

Comayagua, town, Honduras, i., 790; antiq., iv., 70-1.

Combat, i., 105-6, 728; ii., 310, 286, 305, 396, 419, 429-30; iii., 413-15, 420.

Combs, i., 216, 649, 754; ii., 751.

Comecamotes, North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 613.

Comecrudos, North Mex. tribe, i., 571-93; location, i., 613.

Comepescados, North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 612.

Comesacapemes, North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 613.

Comeyas, i., 457-8; see Diegueños.

Comijahual, Honduras ruler and goddess, v., chap. xii.

Comitan, town, Chiapas, i., 682; lang., iii., 762; antiq., iv., 352.

Comizahual, Honduras goddess, iii., 485.

Commemoration, Nahua festival, ii., 328, 331.

Commerce, Hyperboreans, i., 29-31, 64-5, 107-8, 128-9; Columbians, i., 167, 192, 217, 238-9, 273-4; Californians, i., 435; New Mexicans, i., 506, 545, 564, 583; Mexicans, i., 631; ii., 339, 378-97, 464, 473, 558; iii., 403, 416-17; v., 415, 421, 456-9, 502-3; Cent. Americans, i., 700, 725-6; ii., 653, 735-8.

Communion, Nahua sacrament, iii., 323, 408, 440, 444; Nicaraguans, ii., 710; iii., 494.

Comogre, tribe of Isthmians, i., 744-85; location, i., 795; lang., iii., 794.

Comoporis, North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; loc., i., 608-9; lang., iii., 707.

Comox, British Columbia, antiq., iv., 739-40.

Complexion, Hyperboreans, i., 12-14, 45, 71-2, 97, 116, 127; Columbians, i., 157, 177-8, 210, 225, 255-6; Californians, i., 328, 364-6, 402, 423; New Mexicans, i., 477-9, 529-30, 558, 573; Mexicans, i., 619, 646-8; ii., 624-5; Cent. Americans, i., 688, 714-15, 750-1; ii., 802.

Comux, (Comoux, Komux), tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 175, 295-7; special mention, i., 208; iii., 608.

Conache, Quiché ruler, v., chap. xi.

Concabe y Muca, name for Oraibe, i., 528.

Concepcion, village, Sinaloa, i., 609.

Concepcion Bay, i., 605.

Concepcion Cuirimpo, village, Sonora, i., 607.

Concepcion de Macoyahui, village, Sonora, i., 607.

Conchagua Gulf, i., 791; v., chap. xii.

Conchos, North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; loc., i., 572, 610; spec. mention, i., 575; lang., iii., 688, 714.

Conconulps, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 312.

Concubines, see Marriage.

Condoy, Mije hero, v., 522-3.

Conecáre, town, Sonora, i., 608.

Confederation, Nahuas, ii., 92, 105-6, 133-4, 418; Mayas, ii., 633, 645; v., chap. xi., xiii.

Confession, Hyperboreans, i., 124; iii., 143; Mexicans, i., 662; ii., 601, 608; iii., 220-5, 271, 380-4, v., 88; Cent. Americans, ii., 669, 678, 683, 795; iii., 472, 494-5.

Confiscation, Maya punishment, ii., 657, 672.

Congo River, i., 796.

Conicaris, North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Conil, province in Yuc., v., chap. xiii.

Conjurers, see Sorcerers.

Conops, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 452.

Conquest, see War.

Consecration, Nahuas, ii., 324; iii., 297-8, 314, 362; Mayas, ii., 751, 785.

Consoquitla, Vera Cruz, antiq., iv., 447.

Constables, Isthmian Government, i., 770; Nahua Government, ii., 437-8.

Consumption, Hyperboreans, i., 86; Columbians, i., 219, 245, 287; Californians, i., 354, 439; New Mexicans, i., 568; Mexicans, ii., 593; Central Americans, i., 742.

Contagious disease, Mexicans, i., 588.

Contemoque, Nahua god, iii., 396.

Continence, i., 762; ii., 143, 719.

Contlan, locality in Puebla, v., 490.

Contores (Contotores), North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 612.

Contra Costa County, California, antiq., iv., 710.

Convents, Mayas, ii., 663; Nahuas, v., 258.

Cookchaneys (Choocchancies, Chookchaneys), Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 363, 456.

Cooking, Hyperboreans, i., 55, 58, 103, 123; Columbians, i., 162-3, 187, 213, 234, 265-6; Californians, i., 339-40, 373-6, 406, 428-30; New Mexicans, i., 489-92, 540, 561, 577-8; Mexicans, i., 626, 653-4, 656; ii., 175, 354-7; v., 490; Cent. Americans, i., 694-5, 720-1, 758-9; ii., 722-5.

Cookoose (Cookkoooose), tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 307.

Cookras, tribe of Mosquitos, i., 711-47; loc., i., 712, 793; spec. mention, i., 718, 722; lang., iii., 783.

Cook's Inlet, i., 107, 139, 149; iii., 588.

Cooniacs, (Kahnyak, Kukhnyak), tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 306.

Coon's Cañon, Utah, antiq., iv., 715.

Coöperation, ii., 57-9; ii., 718.

Coopspellars, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 314.

Coose Bay, i., 248, 250.

Cooses, i., 442, see Kowooses.

Coot, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 454.

Cootonais, i., 255, see Kootenais.

Copahs (Cops), North Cal. tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 442, 445.

Copal, i., 709, 732; ii., 284, 314, 390-1, 393, 694, 700, 703, 708, 719, 734; iii., 340, 381-2, 392, 410, 426.

Copalis, tribe of Sound Indians, i., 208-22; location, i., 303.

Copalis River, i., 303.

Copalux (Palux) River, i., 305.

Copalxocotl, soap-tree, ii., 491.

Copan, Honduras, antiq., ii., 118, 781-2; iv., 77-105; hist., v., 56-60, 187, chap. xi., xii.

Copanabastla, Chiapas, antiq., iv., 353.

Copanahuaxtla, Chiapas, antiq., iv., 354.

Copapitas, Zapotec monks, ii., 212.

Copichoch, chief, Chiapas and Guatemala, v., chap. xi.

Copil (Cohuitl), prince of Malinalco. v., 328, 339.

Copilli, Nahua crown, ii., 147, 375-6.

Copo, species of tree, ii., 683.

Copper, Hyperboreans, i., 59, 79, 97, 107, 122, 135; Columbians, i., 190, 235; iii., 151; Californians, i., 341; New Mexicans, i., 574; Mexicans, ii., 372, 382, 406, 409-10, 473-8, 557, 599; iv., 278, 346, 373, 376, 383, 414; Cent. Americans, ii., 742-3, 749, 751; iv., 67; Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 778-9, 783; Peru antiq., iv., 792-4.

Copper Indians (Tantsawhot-Dinneh), tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-137; location, i., 114, 144; special mention, i., 119, 136; lang., iii., 585.

Copper Mine Apaches, tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; loc., i., 594.

Coppermine River, i., 42, 45-6, 49-50, 59, 64, 114, 138, 144.

Copper River, i., 96, 116, 142, 149; iii., 588-9.

Copunnish, i., 317, see Chopunnish.

Coquille River, i., 308, 442-3.

Coquilths, i., 296, see Quackolls.

Coquins, i., 443, see Tutunahs.

Coquiza-Chibataya Cozaanatao, Zapotec god, iii., 449.

Coquontans, name of Thlinkeet clan, i., 109, 143.

Cora, Pima basket boat, i., 544.

Coral, i., 583, 623, 752.

Coras, Lower Cal. tribe, i., 556-71; location, i., 603; lang., iii., 687-93; special mention, i., 571; North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 607; lang., iii., 665-8, 678, 706, 719-22; Cent. Mexican tribe, i., 617-44; location, i., 671-2; special mention, i., 635, 637, 640-1, 643; v., 509.

Corarus, Cent. Mex. tribe, i., 617-44; location, i., 672.

Córdova, i., 293; Vera Cruz, antiq., iv., 434-5.

Córdova, Hernandez de, arrival on coast of Mex., v., 476.

Cords, Hyperboreans, i., 91; Columbians, i., 165-6, 185-6; New Mexicans, i., 582-3; Mexicans, ii., 484, 551-2; Cent. Americans, i., 766.

Coribici (Coribizi), Guatemala tribe, i., 686-711; location, i., 791; lang., iii., 791.

Corn, Columbians, i., 234; New Mexicans, i., 516, 533, 538, 550-1, 577, 581; Mexicans, i., 624-6, 652-4; ii., 317, 348-349.

Corn Creek Valley, i., 468.

Corn Island, i., 715, 717.

Coronados, Cent. Mex. tribe, i., 617-44; location, i., 672.

Coronation, Aztecs, ii., 147-57; v., 389, 408, 425, 428, 437, 455, 501; Quichés, ii., 641.

Corozo-nuts, i., 768.

Corpulency, Columbians, i., 156, 176, 224-5, 254; New Mexicans, i., 477-8, 558, 573.

Corpus Christi Bay, i., 594.

Corralitos, Chihuahua, antiq., iv., 604.

Cortés, Hernan, arrival at Vera Cruz, v., 479-82.

Cortés, Juan, Quiché king, v., chap. xi.

Cosispas, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 317.

Cosninos, tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location, i., 475, 598; special mention, i., 478.

Cosos, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 456.

Costahuntox, Chiapanec god, iii., 458.

Costanos, i., 453, see Ohlones.

Costa Rica, antiq., iv., 21-5.

Costa Ricans, tribe of Isthmians, i., 747-85; special mention, i., 754-5, 761, 775, 780, 784; lang., iii., 572, 760, 793; hist., v., chap. xii.

Costrowers, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 363, 456.

Cosulhentens, North Cal. tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 443.

Cosumnes River, i., 455-6; lang., iii., 648-9.

Cosumnies (Cosumnes), Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 450; lang., iii., 649.

Coswas, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 455.

Cotastla, Vera Cruz, antiq., iv., 445.

Cotejen, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Cotschimì, iii., 687, see Cochimís.

Cotter's Creek, i., 317.

Cotton, New Mexicans, i., 502, 504, 531-2, 538, 544, 574, 582; Mexicans, i., 620-1, 630, 648-50, 655, 657-8, 667; ii., 363-9, 484, 572-3; iii., 241; Cent. Americans, i., 689-92, 694, 715, 723-4, 751-2, 763, 766; ii., 718-19, 726-9, 742, 752.

Cottonois, i., 311; see Kootenais.

Cottonwood, North Cal. boats, i., 346.

Cottonwood Valley, i., 597; iv., 707.

Cotuha, Quiché king, v., chap. xi.

Cotuha II., Quiché king, v., chap. xi.

Cotzales, North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 612.

Cotzbalam, Quiché mythic animal, iii., 47.

Cotzumalguapan, village, Guatemala, i., 788.

Councils, Mexicans, ii., 139, 188-9, 418, 420, 438-9, 442, 492-3; v., 314; Cent. Americans, i., 702; ii., 641-2, 646, 655.

Counting, see Arithmetic.

Coupés, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 309.

Couriers, Nahuas, ii., 175, 413-14, 462.

Court-etiquette, Nahuas, ii., 185.

Court-martial, Nahuas, ii., 418, 442.

Courtship, Hyperboreans, i., 134; Columbians, i., 192, 196, 241, 277-8; Californians, i., 349-50; New Mexicans, i., 511-12, 547-9, 565; Mexicans, i., 632-3; ii., 254-5; Central Americans, i., 729-32; ii., 666-7.

Couse (Cowish), food, Inland Columbian tribes, i., 265.

Coutanies, i., 311, see Kootenais.

Couvade, i., 391-2, 585.

Covaji, South Cal., lang., iii., 686.

Coviscas, i., 677, see Tlapanecs.

Cowghalingen, name for Unalaskas, i., 87.

Cowiahs (Cowhuillas), Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 363, 456.

Cowichins (Cawitchans, Cowaitzchim, Cowegans, Cowewachin, Cowitchins, Cowitchens, Cowitchici, Cowitciher, Kawitchen, Kawitchin, Kawitshin, Kowitchan), tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; loc., i., 175-6, 295-7, 300; lang., iii., 608.

Cowichin (Cowitchen, Kawitchin) Valley, i., 175, 297.

Cowillers, i., 457, see Cahuillas.

Cowlitz (Cowlitsick, Kaoulis), tribe of Sound Indians, i., 208-22; loc., i., 209, 299, 303-4, 310; spec. mention, i., 210, 220.

Cowlitz River, i., 209, 223, 303, 305.

Cows, Navajo property, i., 489.

Coxanatzin Atencatl, Chichimec prince, v., 314.

Coxcatlan, locality, Guerrero, i., 677.

Coxcotzin, Toltec king, v., 257.

Coxcox, Nahua Noah-myth, iii., 66, 68.

Coxcoxtli (Coxcotzin, Coxcox), Culhua king, v., 13, 330-1, 339-44, 492-5.

Coxoh, Guatemala lang., iii., 760.

Coyabacoh, Quiché prince, v., chap. xi.

Coya Mama Oella, wife of Manco Capac, v., 46.

Coygaraca, Medicinal herb, ii., 795.

Coyohuacan, see Coyuhuacan.

Coyotl, v., 299, see Nauhyotl.

Coyolxauhqui, daughter of Coatlicue, iii., 296.

Coyote River, i., 452.

Coyoteros, tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location and name, i., 474, 596; iii., 594; special mention, i., 495.

Coyotes, North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; special mention, i., 611.

Coyotes, South Cal. food, i., 405; myths, iii., 75-6, 85-8, 90, 115-17, 137-9, 161, 545-8; v., 13-14.

Coyotl, v., 299, see Nauhyotl.

Coyuhuacan (Coyohuacan), town, Mexico, ii., 562; v., 295, 317, 402.

Co-yukuk River, i., 148.

Coyuquilla, town, Guerrero, i., 677.

Coyyo, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 454.

Cozaana, Zapotec god, iii., 457.

Cozaby Pah Utes, tribe of Shoshones, i., 422-42; location, i., 466.

Cozamaloapan, province, Oajaca, v., 412, 417.

Cozcaapan, iii., 258, see Cohcaapa.

Cozcapetlatl, Nahua collar, ii., 404.

Cozcaquauh, Chichimec chief, v., 293.

Cozcaquauh, Teo-Chichimec chief, v., 490.

Cozcaquauhco (Cozcacuauhco), station, Aztec migration, v., 324.

Cozcaquauhtenanco, province in South Mexico, v., 441.

Cozcaquauhtli, Nahua day, ii., 512, 516-17; Acolhua chief, v., 303; lord of Huauhtlan, v., 462.

Cozcotlan, locality, San Salvador, i., 790.

Cozehuatl, Nahua greaves, ii., 404.

Cozolmecatl, medicinal plant, i., 640.

Cozumel Island, ii., 792-3; iii., 761; iv., 259-60, 266.

Crab-apple, Nootka bows of, i., 188.

Crabs, Nahua food, ii., 356.

Cradles, Columbians, i., 218, 227-8; Californians, i., 391; New Mexicans, i., 501, 563, 566; Mexicans, i., 633; ii., 275-6, 281; iii., 352.

Crean, Mosquito boat, i., 725.

Creation-myths, Hyperboreans, iii., 98-106; Columbians, iii., 94-8; Californians, iii., 83-94, 162-5, 531-2, 549; New Mexicans, iii., 75-83; Mexicans, iii., 55-74; Central Americans, iii., 44-54, 74-5; v., 171-2, 193-4.

Cremation, Hyperboreans, i., 113, 125-6, 132, 134-5; Columbians, i., 172-3, 205-6; Californians, i., 356-8, 396-7, 420-1, 439; iii., 87; New Mexicans, i., 522-3, 555, 569, 589; Mexicans, ii., 607-11, 615-21; iii., 240; Central Americans, i., 780, 783-4; ii., 798, 800-1.

Crescent City, North California, i., 445.

Crickets, Lower Californian food, i., 561.

Criers, Californians, i., 410; New Mexicans, i., 509, 520, 546; Mexicans, i., 659-60; ii., 436-7; Central Americans, ii., 646; iii., 241, 245, 255.

Crimes, see Government and names of crimes.

Crocodiles, Nahuas, hunting, ii., 351.

Cross, ii., 619, 793; iii., 135, 268, 274, 284, 332, 348, 356, 369, 385, 455, 468-70, 506, 509; iv., 57-8, 243, 260, 311-12, 333-8, 374, 407-8, 412, 437-8, 461, 481, 498, 503, 544-5, 572, 574, 674; v., 25, 48, 260.

Cross Sound, i., 96, 142.

Crosswers, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 292.

Crown, Mexicans, ii., 147-8, 307, 322, 337, 375-6, 404-5, 441; iii., 341, 344, 352, 356, 359, 369, 385, 390-2, 396, 407-8, 411-12; Cent. Americans, i., 702; ii., 635.

Crown-lands, Nahuas, ii., 224-5.

Crows, i., 405; ii., 716; iii., 97.

Cruzados, tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location and name, i., 475, 599; special mention, i., 478.

Cu (Qu), Nahua temple, iii., 192, 240, 292.

Cuaahtemalteca, Guatemala tribe, i., 686-711; location, i., 787.

Cuachichiles, i., 614, see Guachichiles.

Cuachilgo, station, Aztec migration, v., 323.

Cuaque River, i., 607.

Cuauhtepec, v., 324, see Cohuactepec.

Cuautla, town, Mexico, i., 672.

Cucapás, iii., 685, see Cuhuanas.

Cuchans, i., 597, see Yumas.

Cuchanticas, tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location, i., 592.

Cuchians, Central California tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Cuchinochis, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 612.

Cuchumaquiq, Quiché god, v., 175.

Cuchumatanes, ancient name of mountains in Guatemala, v., chap. xii.

Cucomogna (Cucamonga), village, South California, i., 460.

Cuculcan, ii., 119; iii., 281; see Cukulcan.

Cuculetes, tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location, i., 598.

Cucullo, a Mexican beetle, i., 649.

Cucumatz, see Gucumatz.

Cucunumic, Pericue god, iii., 84.

Cucurpe, village, Sonora, i., 606-7.

Cueba, see Cueva.

Cuecaltzin, iii., 385, see Xiuhtecutli.

Cuechintli, Nahua military mantle, ii., 402.

Cuecopan, ii., 563, see Tlaquechiuhcan.

Cueitl, Nahua petticoat, ii., 368-9.

Cuelap, Peru, antiq., iv., 797-8.

Cuelcajen-ne, Apache tribal name, i., 474; iii., 594.

Cuencamé, locality, Zacatecas, i., 614.

Cuernavaca (Quernauaca, Quahunahuàc, Quauhnahuac), locality, Mexico, i., 637, 676; ii., 109; antiq., iv., 481-2; v., 265, 310, 361-2, 406.

Cuernos quemados, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 613.

Cues (Macoyahuis), North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 607; lang., iii., 707.

Cuesninas, iii., 685, see Yamajabs.

Cuetlachtlan, ancient province in Puebla and Vera Cruz, v., 417-19, 469-70, 499.

Cuetlaxcoapan (Cuetlaxcohuapan), town, Vera Cruz, i., 670-1; v., 495.

Cuetlaxochitl, Chichimec princess, v., 311.

Cuetzal (Quetzal), Culhua king, v., 330-1.

Cuetzpalin, Nahua day, ii., 511-12, 516-17.

Cueva (Cueba), Isthmian province and tribe, i., 747-85; location, i., 749, 795; special mention, i., 753-4, 760-1, 764, 769-70, 779-80, 784; lang., iii., 794.

Cuexcomaixtlahuacan, locality, Mexico, v., 472.

Cuexpatchicuepul, Nahua scalp-lock, ii., 401.

Cuextecas, i., 674; v., 208; see Huastecs.

Cuextecatl, Nahua chief, v., 208.

Cuextecatlichocayan, station, Aztec migration, v., 324.

Cuextlan, province, Vera Cruz, v., 420.

Cuha, Quiché royal palace, ii., 643.

Cuhtzutecas, tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location, i., 592.

Cuhuac, Toltec city, v., 295.

Cuhuanas (Cuhanas, Cucapás), tribe of Pueblos, i., 526-56; lang., iii., 685.

Cuicacalco, Nahua school-house, ii., 243.

Cuicatecs, South Mexican tribe, i., 644-70; location, i., 681; special mention, i., 652; lang., iii., 752-3.

Cuicillos (Cuiztillos), burial mounds, iv., 551, 593.

Cuicoyan, Nahua dance-house, ii., 290.

Cuicuetzcatl, Tlascaltec ruler, v., 497.

Cuilapa, locality, Oajaca; lang., iii., 749; antiq., iv., 388.

Cuilco, village, Guatemala, i., 787.

Cuilton, Toltec noble, v., 254.

Cuismer, iii., 685, see Yamajabs.

Cuitlahuac, city in Mexico, hist., v., 253, 307-10, 346, 369, 405, 454.

Cuitlahuatzin, a Mexican prince, v., 462, 464.

Cuitlatecs (Cuitlateques, Cuitlatechi, Cuitlahuacs, Quitlahuacas), Nahua nation, i., 617-44; ii., 133-629; location and name, i., 678; ii., 109, 127.

Cuixlahuac, Miztec dialect, iii., 749.

Cukulcan (Cocolcan, Cuculcan, Kukulcan), Maya god, ii., 633, 647, 699-700, 705; iii., 135, 260, 281-2, 463, 465; v., 23, 226, chap. xiii.

Culhuacan (Colhuacan, Culiacan), city, Mexico, ii., 99, 125; antiq., iv., 295-6, 501-2; hist., v., 163, 188, 221, 242, 255, 261-87, 295-320, 323, 330-1, 334, 361, 404, 492-4.

Culhua Tecuhtli, Mexican imperial title, v., 396.

Culhuas (Colhuas), Nahua nation, i., 617-44; ii., 133-629; location and name, i., 675; ii., 101, 127; special mention, iii., 307-8; lang., iii., 724-5; hist., see Culhuacan.

Culiacan, v., 221, see Culhuacan.

Culisnisnas, iii., 685, see Yamajabs.

Culisnurs, iii., 685, see Yamajabs.

Culul, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 455.

Cumachen, locality in Michoacan, v., 513.

Cumatz, Guatemala tribe, hist., v., chap. xi.

Cumbatwas, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 457; lang., iii., 638.

Cumhu (Cumkú), Maya month, ii., 757-8.

Cumorah, locality, New York, v., 101-2.

Cumpas, village, Sonora, i., 606.

Cumquekis, tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 295.

Cumshewas (Cumshawas, Cumshewars, Koumchaouas), tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 292.

Cum Umbahs (Cumumpahs), tribe of Shoshones, i., 422-42; location, i., 469.

Cumuripa, village, Sonora, i., 601.

Cunacunas (Chucunaquese, Chucunas), tribe of Isthmians, i., 747-85; location, i., 797; special mention, i., 785.

Cunai, Pima dialect, iii., 685.

Cunas, tribe of Isthmians, i., 747-85; location, i., 796-7; special mention, i., 785; lang., iii., 794.

Cups, Columbians, i., 165, 190; Mexicans, ii., 174-5, 480, 483-4; Cent. Americans, i., 697, 701.

Cuquiaratzi (Cuquiarachi), village, Sonora, i., 606.

Curari (Urari), Isthmian poison, i., 763.

Curds, food, Apaches, i., 489.

Cures, see Medicine.

Curicaneri (Curinacanery), Tarasco god, and high priest, ii., 215; iii., 445; v., 511, 514.

Curicaten, king of Michoacan, v., 519.

Curincuaro Achurin, locality in Michoacan, v., 518.

Curinghóa, town, Sonora, i., 608.

Curipajan, person in Michoacan, v., 519.

Currency, Hyperboreans, i., 108, 133; Columbians, i., 192, 217, 239; Californians, i., 347, 385, 409, 435; New Mexicans, i., 545, 583; Mexicans, i., 637; ii., 381-2; Cent. Americans, i., 700; ii., 736-7; Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 778-9.

Currents, effects on N.W. coast, i., 38, 153; v., 52-3.

Curtains, Nahuas, ii., 582; Mayas, ii., 787.

Cururu, Honduras, antiq., iv., 71.

Cuscatlan, name of Salvador, ii., 123.

Cushnas, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 451; lang., iii., 650.

Cushooks, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 309.

Cusiyaes, Lower Californian sorcerers, i., 567.

Custepeques, Chiapas, antiq., iv., 353.

Custom-houses, Nahuas, ii., 564.

Cutaneous-diseases, Hyperboreans, i., 68; New Mexicans, i., 568; Mexicans, i., 638; Cent. Americans, i., 778.

Cutaras, tribe of Isthmians, i., 747-85; location, i., 749.

Cutecos, North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 609.

Cutganes, tribe of Pueblos, i., 526-56; lang., iii., 685.

Cuyama, i., 459, see Kuyam.

Cuyamaca, village, South California, i., 458.

Cuyamanque, Pueblo village, i., 527.

Cuyamu, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Cuyupuri, high-priest of Michoacan, v., 518.

Cuyutlan, Colima, antiq., iv., 572.

Cuzcatlan, name of Salvador, v., chap. xii.

Cuzco, Peru, antiq., iv., 804; v., 47.

Cycle, Nahua calendar, ii., 327, 505; v., 463; Maya calendar, ii., 761-5.

Cypress, i., 214; ii., 557; iv., 502, 527.

D

Dabaiba, Isthmian goddess, iii., 498.

Daggers, i., 104-5, 164, 188.

Dahnohabes, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 451.

Daho-tena, (Acheto-tena), tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-137; loc., i., 149.

Dalles (Dallas), i., 151, 222, 227, 239, 258, 289, 304.

Dams, see Weirs and Embankments.

Dan (Tamub), Guatemala tribe, i., 686-711; location, i., 789; hist., v., chap. xi.

Dances, Hyperboreans, i., 66-7, 84-5, 92-3, 112, 119-20; iii., 145, 507; Columbians, i., 170, 197-200, 219, 243, 281-2; Californians, i., 351-2, 392-3, 397, 411, 416-17; New Mexicans, i., 515-16, 550-2, 566, 586-7; Mexicans, i., 635, 664; ii., 243, 260-1, 288-91, 311-12, 323-8, 329-31, 333-4, 337-8, 340, 393, 586, 617-19, 354, 359-60; iii., 386, 392, 409-10, 426-7, 429; v., 486; Cent. Americans, i., 697, 705-6, 709, 733, 735-8; ii., 669, 689, 697-8, 700-1, 703, 707, 710-14.

Daparabopos, North Mex. tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Darien, Nations and tribes described, i., 747-85; location, i., 794-7; special mention, i., 751, 753, 765, 769, 771, 784-5, 796; lang., iii., 793-5.

Darts, Hyperboreans, i., 90; New Mexicans, i., 562, 582; Mexicans, ii., 335, 408-10; iii., 404; Central Americans, i., 722, 760-2; ii., 720, 742-3.

Dates, Isthmian drink from, i., 775.

David, town, Isthmus, antiq., iv., 16-17.

Deaf and Dumb, at Comalá, i., 638; lang., iii., 4.

Dean Canal, i., 294.

Death, Hyperboreans, i., 76, 93; Columbians, i., 172-3, 247-8; Californians, i., 354-60, 420-1; New Mexicans, i., 509-10, 524, 569; Mexicans, iii., 129, 401-2; Cent. Americans, i., 744-5, 782-3; ii., 657-9; iii., 53-4.

Debts, Maya laws concerning, ii., 654, 659.

Decorations, Nahuas, ii., 272, 284, 332, 389, 555-6, 571-2, 582-3.

Decoys, hunting and fishing, i., 55, 90, 185, 263, 336, 375-6, 577.

Deep Bay, British Columbia, antiq., iv., 741.

Deer, Hyperboreans, i., 50, 55-7, 77-8, 117, 135; Columbians, i., 162, 187-9, 201, 211, 213, 230-1, 234, 258, 260, 263-4; Californians, i., 330, 336-7, 344, 347, 367-8, 373, 403, 405, 424-6, 428; New Mexicans, i., 481-4, 490, 538, 551, 574, 577; iii., 80; Mexicans, i., 620-1, 625, 627, 648, 650; iii., 129, 131-2; Cent. Americans, i., 694-5, 721; ii., 708, 720-1; iii., 70-1.

Deer Creek, i., 456.

Deformity, Mexicans, i., 588, 638; ii., 592, 625; Mayas, ii., 681-2.

Degothi Kutchin (Loucheux), tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-37; location, i., 146; special mention, i., 129, 131, 137; myth., iii., 141-2; lang., iii., 586.

Deguthee Dinees, name for Kutchins, i., 115.

Del Norte County, i., 443, 445; iii., 161.

Del Norte Valley, i., 599.

Deluge, myths, v., 138; Hyperboreans, iii., 100, 103; v., 14; Californians, iii., 86, 88, 547-8; v., 14; New Mexicans, iii., 76, 78-9; v., 14; Mexicans, iii., 64, 70, 72; v., 12-13, 20, 193-4, 209; Cent. Americans, iii., 46-7, 74; v., 13-14; Peruvians, v., 14-16.

Deozacuancu, station, Quiché migration, v., chap. xi.

Derricks, Aztecs, ii., 556.

Des Chutes, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 320.

Des Chutes River, i., 262, 320; iii., 638.

Desertion, punishment for, ii., 418, 746.

Deserts, i., 153, 324, 472.

Desolation Sound, i., 183-4, 298.

Despotism, ii., 61, 185, 191-2, 634.

Destruction Island, i., 303.

Development, causes and principles of, ii., 18-80.

Diamond River, i., 466, 597.

Diamond Spring, California, antiq., iv., 705.

Diarrhea, i., 287, 742; ii., 592, 600.

Dice, gambling, ii., 300.

Didues (Didiùs), Lower Cal. tribe, i., 556-71; location, i., 603; lang., iii., 687-93.

Diegueños (Comeyas, Deguinos, Diegeños, Dieguinas, Dieguinos), South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 402, 457-8; special mention, i., 409-10; myth., iii., 525; lang., iii., 684-6.

Diggers, tribe of Shoshones, i., 422-42; location, i., 464; name, i., 326; lang., iii., 661-2.

Digothis, name for Kutchins, i., 115.

Dinneh, i., 115, see Tinneh.

Diriamba, village, Nicaragua, i., 792.

Dirians (Dirias), Guatemala tribe, i., 686-711; location, i., 688, 792; myth., iii., 493; v., chap. xii.

Diriomo (Diriomé), village, Nicaragua, i., 792.

Discipline, priests, iii., 338-40, 427, 433, 435-6, 473, 489.

Discoidal stones, California, antiq., iv., 701-2.

Disease, see Medicine and name of disease.

Dishes, Columbians, i., 164-5, 190, 236; Californians, i., 434; iv., 693-4, 702; Mexicans, ii., 285, 361, 475, 483-4; Cent. Americans, i., 697, 701; ii., 723, 752.

Disobedience, punishment of, ii., 242, 246, 418-19, 662.

Distaff, i., 165; iii., 372.

Distortion of Physique, Hyperboreans, i., 72, 97-100; Columbians, i., 158-9, 181-2, 226-9, 256-7; New Mexicans, i., 559; Mexicans, i., 622; Cent. Americans, i., 717; ii., 731-2.

Ditches, see Excavations.

Divine representatives, Nahuas, ii., 319-27, 331-3, 337, 339; iii., 309, 313.

Divisions, of nations, i., 36-7; ii., 124.

Divorce, Nahuas, ii., 262-3; see also Marriage.

Doctors, see Medicine and Sorcerers.

Dog-Ribs, i., 144, see Thlingcha-dinneh.

Dog River, i., 320.

Dog-Rivers (Cascade Indians), Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 320.

Dogs, Hyperboreans, i., 62-3, 118; iii., 104-6; Columbians, i., 159, 166, 171, 182-3, 202, 211, 215-16, 264, 267, 285; New Mexicans, i., 506, 518, 544, 561; Mexicans, i., 634; ii., 605, 611, 614; iii., 129, 330, 392, 538; Cent. Americans, i., 696, 700, 708, 723, 758, 760; ii., 692-3, 703-4, 720-1; iii., 466.

Dog-wood, used for medicine, i., 204.

Dohme, i., 607, see Eudeves.

Dolls, Koniagas, i., 81-2.

Dolores, Guatemala, antiq., iv., 138.

Dolores de Agua Caliente, village, Durango, i., 614.

Dolores River, i., 465; Utah, antiq., iv., 733.

Domestic animals, Nahuas, ii., 353.

Donkeys, Pueblos, i., 544.

Don Pedro's Bar, Cal., antiq., iv., 703.

Doors, Hyperboreans, i., 51, 74; Columbians, i., 231-2; Californians, i., 334-5, 372; New Mexicans, i., 486, 533, 535; Nahuas, ii., 556, 573; Mayas, ii., 784-5.

Dorachos (Doraches), tribe of Isthmians, i., 747-85; location, i., 796; special mention, i., 759, 766, 780-1; lang., iii., 794.

Dory, Mosquito boat, i., 725.

Dos Cabaces Mt., i., 595.

Dos Pueblos, village, South Cal., i., 459.

Dough, Nahua offerings and idols, iii., 297-8, 315-16, 336, 344, 347, 371, 408, 425.

Douglas Canal, i., 293.

Douglas City, Cal., antiq., iv., 707.

Dove, Nahua deluge myth., iii., 66, 68-9.

Down, see Feathers.

Dowry, Maya, marriage, ii., 666-7.

Drake's Bay, i., 365.

Drama, Hyperboreans, i., 93; Columbians, i., 170, 200; Californians, i., 393; New Mexicans, i., 586; Mexicans, ii., 286, 291-2; Cent. Americans, i., 705-6, 736-8, 774; ii., 700, 711-12.

Drawbridges, see Bridges.

Drawers, Maya dress, ii., 727.

Dreams, i., 202-3, 723, 734, 741; ii., 211, 796.

Dresden Codex, Mayas, ii., 771-2.

Dress, origin and significance of, ii., 77-8; Hyperboreans, i., 46-50, 61, 67, 72-4, 88-9, 100-2, 116-17, 122, 125, 128, 131-3, 135; Columbians, i., 153, 158-60, 170, 179-82, 229-30, 257-9; Californians, i., 329-34, 352, 358-9, 367-71, 387-8, 403-4, 410, 416, 423-6; iii., 166; New Mexicans, i., 480-4, 530-3, 550-1, 558-9, 567, 573-5; iii., 180; Mexicans, i., 620-3, 648-51; ii., 144-5, 179-80, 207, 213-15, 243, 290-1, 298, 305, 307, 314-15, 318-31, 333-4, 337, 363-77, 395-6, 401-7, 413-14, 428-9, 604-8, 614-16, 621; iii., 259-60, 324-5, 333-4, 339, 353-61, 369, 385-7, 390-2, 407-8, 411-12, 416-18, 422-3, 425-7, 433, 435-437; Cent. Americans, i., 689-92, 705-6, 715, 736-7, 744-5, 751-4, 764, 782-3; ii., 635, 662-3, 683, 688-9, 707, 710, 713, 726-35, 741; iii., 473.

Drinks, Hyperboreans, i., 76; Californians, i., 394, 437; New Mexicans, i., 517, 549-50, 586; Mexicans, i., 636, 654, 664-5; ii., 359-60; iii., 243; Cent. Americans, i., 706-7, 739, 774-6; ii., 703, 723-5.

Droit de Seigneur, i., 584-5; ii., 671.

Drouth, see Climate.

Drowning, sacrifice by, ii., 306, 308.

Drums, i., 91, 393, 516, 552, 586, 705, 738, 765, 774; ii., 292-3, 404-5, 412, 583-4, 713.

Drumsticks, i., 552, 705; ii., 293.

Drunkenness, Hyperboreans, i., 57; Columbians, i., 169, 243; Californians, i., 354, 437; New Mexicans, i., 515, 517, 549-50, 566, 586-7; Mexicans, i., 628, 635-6, 664; ii., 285, 333, 360-1, 394, 460-2, 617, 627; Cent. Americans, i., 706-7, 735, 774; ii., 641, 689, 694, 718, 724-5, 803.

Dry Creek, Cal., antiq., iv., 707.

Dry Creek Valley, i., 449.

Dtchè-ta-ut-'tinnè, lang., iii., 587.

'Dtinnè, i., 114, see Tinneh.

Ducks, i., 50, 577, 625-6, 760; ii., 351, 721.

Duckwarra Lagoon, Mosquito coast, antiq., iv., 27.

Duelling, Nahuas, ii., 628.

Dulce, gulf, Guatemala, v., chap. xi.

Dung, poison antidote, i., 762.

Dungeness, i., 302.

Durango, nations and tribes, i., 571-91, 617-44; special mention, i., 623; myth., iii., 179; lang., iii., 667, 710, 717-19; antiq., iv., 600-1; hist., v., 222.

Duties, see Taxes.

Dwamish, tribe of Sound Indians, i., 208-22; location, i., 300.

Dwamish Lake, i., 300.

Dwamish River, i., 300.

Dwarfs, Nahuas, ii., 183.

Dwellings, Hyperboreans, i., 42, 50-4, 74-5, 89, 102-3, 118, 123-4, 129; Columbians, i., 160-1, 169, 183-5, 191, 211-12, 231-2, 259-61; Californians, i., 334-6, 371-3, 404-5, 426-7; New Mexicans, i., 485-7, 533-8, 559-60, 575; iv., 668-60; Mexicans, i., 24, 624, 651-2; ii., 160-74, 336, 553-74; iii., 240, 255; Cent. Americans, i., 692-3, 717-18, 732, 754-8, 780; ii., 783-9.

Dyeing, i., 166, 345, 503, 657, 698, 724, 766; ii., 370, 486-7, 752.

Dysentery, i., 521, 708, 742; ii., 600.

Dzawindanda, Miztec king, v., 415-16.

Dze-Yaxkin, ii., 757, see Yaxkin.

E

Eagle Prairie, i., 446-7.

Eagles, i., 105, 172, 580, 716; ii., 160, 327, 337; iii., 78-9, 129, 356; v., 13-4.

Early County, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 767-8.

Ear-ornaments, Hyperboreans, i., 97, 128; Columbians, i., 159, 182, 211, 229; Californians, i., 333, 368-9, 426; New Mexicans, i., 482, 559, 574-5; Mexicans, i., 623, 649-51; ii., 290, 307, 372, 395; iii., 238, 325, 369, 385, 416; Central Americans, i., 691, 717, 752-4; ii., 731-3.

Earth, various uses of, Hyperboreans, i., 51, 72, 75, 89, 107, 130; Columbians, i., 210, 212, 257-8, 271; Californians, i., 333-4, 369, 371-2, 404, 424, 426, 434-5; New Mexicans, i., 481, 500, 532-3, 535-6, 546; Mexicans, i., 623-4, 631, 650-2; ii., 317-18, 372, 599; Central Americans, i., 718, 766; ii., 733-4, 750; myths., iii., 121-2; Phallic worship, iii., 502.

Earthquake, Mexican symbol, iii., 129; events, v., 463, 468, 472.

Earthworks, see Embankments.

Eating, i., 75-6, 163, 187-8, 214, 266, 560-1.

Eating-houses, Nahuas, ii., 357, 384.

Eb, Maya day, ii., 755-6, 760.

Ecalchot, Nicaragua god, iii., 491.

Ecatepec (Ecatepc, Ehecatepec), station, Aztec migration, v., 321-4.

Ecatl, iii., 491, see Ehecatl.

Ecatzin (Echecalzin, Ehecatzin), Nahua chief, v., 243.

Eccatl, Nahua chief, v., 243.

Ecclemáches (Ecclemachs, Ekklemaches), Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 363, 454; lang., iii., 653.

Ecgeagan, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 454.

Echecalzin, v., 243, see Ecatzin.

Echehóa, town, Sonora, i., 608.

Echeloots, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 320; special mention, i., 260, 267, 274.

Echilat, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, 454.

Echuah (Ekchua, Ekchuah), Maya god, ii., 692, 738; iii., 462, 466.

Ecitin, v., 297, see Xitzin.

Eclikimos, tribe of Thlinkeets, i., 94-114; location, 143.

Eclipse, i., 666, 777; ii., 798; iii., 110-11.

Ecnab, ii., 756, see Ezanab.

Edchawtawhoot-dinneh, i., 144, see Beaver Indians.

Edmy, Chepewyan expression of complaint, i., 135.

Education, Californians, i., 413-14; Mexicans, ii., 240-51, 401-2, 492-3, 538-40; iii., 432, 437; Central Americans, i., 704, 734, 777; ii., 661-4, 767, 788.

Edùes (Edú, Equù), Lower Californian tribe, i., 556-71; location, i., 604; lang., iii., 687-93.

Edwards Creek Mountains, i., 462.

Edznab, ii., 756, see Ezanab.

Eegloo, i., 54, see Igloo.

Eehs, North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 447.

Eel River tribes, North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; special mention, i., 326-7, 331-2, 362, 364, 367, 442, 446-8, 451; lang., iii., 593, 642, 647.

Eels, i., 214, 339.

Eemitches, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 363.

Eenaghs (Eenahs), i., 446, see Ehneks.

Eesteytochs, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 294.

Effigies, Nahua burial, ii., 606, 611, 614, 616-17, 620-1.

Egan Cañon, i., 467.

Eggs, food, i., 625, 652, 694, 720, 759; ii., 356; medicine, ii., 599.

Egypt, American origin-traces, v., 55-63.

Ehatesets (Ayhuttisaht), tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; loc., i., 295.

Ehecatepec, v., 324, see Ecatepec.

Ehecatl (Ecatl, Hecat), Nahua day, ii., 511-12, 516-17; iii., 57; name of Quetzalcoatl, iii., 267, 491.

Ehecatonatiuh, Nahua age, ii., 504.

Ehecatzin, v., 243, see Ecatzin.

Ehihalis, tribe of Sound Indians, i., 208-22; location, i., 303.

Ehneks (Eenaghs, Eenahs, Pehtsik), North Cal. tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 446; language, iii., 642.

Ehutewa, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 460.

Eiscap, i., 139, see Icy Cape.

Ejoni, Acagchemem 1st man, iii., 164.

Ek Balam Chac, Maya god, ii., 701.

Ekchua (Ekchuah), ii., 692, 738, see Echuah.

Ekel Bacab, Maya god, iii., 466.

Ekklemaches, i., 454, see Ecclemaches.

Elab (Elah), Tzendal day, ii., 767.

Elarroyde, Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

El Baño, at Masaya, Nicaragua, antiq., iv., 31.

El Castillo, Centla ruins, Vera Cruz, antiq., iv., 445.

El Dorado County, Cal., antiq., iv., 705.

El Fuerte, town, Sinaloa, i., 607.

El Henditare, royal title, Michoacan, v., 511, 519.

Eld's Inlet, i., 301.

Elech, name of month, Chiapas, ii., 766.

Elemehumkillanwaist (Skyappe), Okanagan god, iii., 153, 519.

Eleunaxciay, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Elikinoos, tribe of Thlinkeets, i., 94-114; lang., iii., 579.

Elizabeth, town, North Cal., i., 442.

Eljman, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Elk, see Deer.

Elk Mountain Utes, tribes of Shoshones, i., 422-42; location, i., 469.

Elk River, i., 144, 443.

Elkwhahts, tribe of Sound Indians, i., 208-22; location, i., 303.

Elliott's Bay, i., 301.

Ellos de los Animas, locality, Arizona, i., 469.

Elmian, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Elotepec, town, Oajaca, i., 681.

Elotl, boiled maize, ii., 354.

Eluaxcu, South Cal. tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Emal, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 261.

Embalming, i., 780, 782-3; ii., 603-4.

Embankments, i., 185, 212, 263; ii., 564, 721; v., 412-13; antiq., iv., 379, 500, 523-4, 536-7, 632-3, 740-1, 747, 750-73.

Embroidery, dress, i., 584, 690-1, 716; ii., 363-4.

Emeralds, i., 583; ii., 173, 372, 481, 606; v., 325-6; see also Chalchiuite.

Emetics, i., 743; ii., 269, 599.

Emku, Maya baptismal feast, ii., 684.

Empire, Aztecs, limits of, v., 471-3.

Encarnacion, Tamaulipas, antiq., iv., 593.

Enekelkawa, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 460.

Eneshurs (Eneeshurs), Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 320; special mention, i., 274.

Eno, Acagchemem title given to the Coyote, iii., 163.

Enob, ii., 767, see Evob.

Enteeatook River, i., 316.

Entertainments, see Feasts.

Entrails, i., 49, 67, 73-5, 104, 162-3, 374, 424, 490, 560, 562.

Entrenchments, see Fortifications.

Environment, influence on development and progression, i., 153-4; ii., 41-5; v., 5.

Epcoaquacuiltzin, Nahua priest, iii., 434.

Epcoatl, Nahua drowning sacrifice, iii., 333.

Epeoatl, Tlalocs' temple, iii., 324.

Epidemics, ii., 593, 794.

Epuepaniuhqui, Nahua sacrificial decoration, iii., 333.

Equelchacan, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 211.

Equùs, i., 604, see Edùes.

Ermine, dress, i., 425.

Escabas, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Escaupiles, cotton armor, i., 655.

Escelens (Escellens, Eslens, Eslenes), Cent. Cal. tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 363, 454; special mention, i., 386, 388-9, 396; lang., iii., 653.

Escoria, province and tribe of Isthmians, i., 747-85; location, i., 749, 795; special mention, i., 753; lang., iii., 794.

Eshquates, i., 295, see Esquiates.

Eskimos (Eskimantik, Eskimaux, Esquimantsic, Esquimaux, Innuit, Keralit, Uskeemi, Usquemows), one of the five families into which the Hyperboreans are divided. Manners and customs of all its nations and tribes described together, i., 40-69; physique, i., 45-7; dress, i., 46-50; dwellings, i., 50-4; food, i., 54-8; implements and weapons, i., 58-9; boats, sledges, etc., i., 59-63; property and commerce, i., 63-5; government, i., 65; women and marriage, i., 65-6; amusements, i., 66-7; miscellaneous customs, i., 67-8; art, i., 68; character, i., 68; medicine, i., 68-9; burial, i., 69; locality and name, i., 25, 37, 40-2, 138-9; myth., iii., 128, 141, 516, 518; lang., iii., 557, 575-80.

Eslanagans, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 454.

Eslens, i., 363, see Escelens.

Esmischue, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 458.

Esnispele, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 458.

Espave, Isthmian title, i., 770.

Espiiluima, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 458.

Espíritu Santo Bay, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 254.

Espíritu Santo Echojoa (Echonova), village, Sonora, i., 607.

Espíritu Santo Island, i., 604.

Espita, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 236.

Esquiates (Eshquates), tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 295.

Esquimalt, British Columbia, antiq., iv., 740.

Esquimantsic, i., 41, see Eskimos.

Esquimatha, Guatemala, antiq., iv., 119.

Esquimaux, i., 40, see Eskimos.

Estait, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 458.

Estorica, a stick for throwing javelins, i., 761.

Estuc, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Estufas, see Sweat-houses.

Etaminuas, Chinook priests, iii., 156.

Ethnography, i., 25, 95-6, 152; v., 150.

Etiquette, origin and effects, ii., 78-9; Nahuas, ii., 178-9, 284, 420-1; Mayas, ii., 635, 646, 711.

Etl, Nahua beans, ii., 355.

Etla, Zapotec dialect, iii., 754-5; Oajaca, antiq., iv., 375-6.

Etzalli, Nahua food, iii., 325, 339; see also Etzalqualiztli.

Etzalqualiztli (Eçalcoaliztli, Etzacualiztli, Etzalcualiztli, Etzalcualiztly, Etzalli, Etzalqualitztli, Etzalqualixtli, Etzaqualiztli, Ezalioaliztli, Ezalqualliztli, Exolqualiztli, Hetzalqualiztl), Nahua month, ii., 324, 508, 509; iii., 325, 334.

Etzatlan, locality, Mexico, v., 509.

Eubaous, i., 592, see Comanches.

Eudeves (Dohme, Eudebes, Euderas, Hegues, Hequis, Heves), North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 572, 606-7; special mention, i., 582; lang., iii., 695, 699-702.

Eulachon (Uthlecan), see Candle-fish.

Euotalla River, i., 319.

Euphorbia, herb used for snake-bites, i., 521.

Euquachees, North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 442.

Eurocs, North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 327, 444; special mention, i., 336, 348, 350; myth., iii., 161, 523-4; lang., iii., 641.

Eutahs (Eutaws), i., 464-5, see Utahs.

Evil Spirits, see Superstitions.

Evob (Enob), Tzendal day, ii., 767.

Ewentoc, Quiché chief, v., chap. xi.

Ewintes (Uintahs, Uinta Utes, Uinta Yutas, Uwintys), tribe of Shoshones, i., 422-42; location, i., 463-4, 469.

Exbalanque (Exbalanquen), v., chap. xi., see Xbalanque.

Excanjaques, tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location, i., 599.

Excavations, i., 74-5, 124, 160, 231, 260, 334-5, 337, 371-2, 426-7, 486, 537-8, 554-5; antiq., iv., 31, 70, 116-17, 120, 169, 175, 211-12, 244, 252-3, 263, 265, 344, 407-9, 445-6, 448, 477-8, 484-5, 503, 524-7, 659, 661, 676-7, 736, 765, 768.

Exenimuth (Cexeninuth), tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 295.

Exocuillo-o-alixtli, Nahua eye disease, iii., 342.

Exolqualiztli, ii., 508, see Etzalqualiztli.

Exotl, Nahua beans, ii., 355.

Explorations, i., 27-32; iv., 142-51, 289-94, 390-1, 426, 605-6, 617-19, 622-5, 719.

Exquinan, Tlascaltec war ceremony, ii., 431.

E'yackimahs, i., 317, see Yakimas.

Eyacque, Acagchemem title of the coyote, iii., 163.

Eyak, Koniaga evil spirit, iii., 143.

Eyakema Valley, i., 320, see Yakima Valley.

Eycoac, station, Aztec migration, v., 323.

Eyes, Hyperboreans, i., 46, 72, 116; Columbians, i., 157, 177-9, 210, 225-6, 255-6; Californians, i., 328-9, 354, 364-6; New Mexicans, i., 477-9, 529, 558, 573; Mexicans, i., 619, 646-8; ii., 599, 624-5; Central Americans, i., 688, 714-15, 750-1; ii., 802.

Ezalioaliztli (Ezalqualliztli), ii., 508, see Etzalqualiztli.

Ezanab (Ecnab, Edznab), Maya day, ii., 756, 760.

Ezcomachas, Nahua nation, v., 511.

Ezhuahuacatl, Nahua title, ii., 138.

Eztlepictin, Teotenanca tribe, v., 280.

F

Face, Hyperboreans, i., 46, 48, 72, 88, 116, 127; Columbians, i., 157, 177-8, 225-6; Californians, i., 328, 365-6; New Mexicans, i., 477-9, 529-30, 573; Mexicans, i., 618-19, 646-7; Central Americans, i., 688, 714-15; ii., 802.

Fainting-stone, Mexico, antiq., iv., 540-1.

Fairs, i., 167, 217, 239, 273-4; ii., 378-9, 385, 736; v., 415.

Famines, v., 413, 460, 499; chap. xi.

Fans, i., 544, 706; ii., 488, 646, 713.

Fantasma, Honduras, lang., iii., 783.

Faraones (Pharaones, Taracones), tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location, i., 474, 594.

Fashion, tyranny and effects of, ii., 76-9.

Fasts, Hyperboreans, i., 111; iii., 142; Columbians, i., 170, 202-3, 246; iii., 156; Californians, i., 414-15; New Mexicans, i., 520, 553, 581; Mexicans, ii., 147, 206, 258, 261, 303, 312-14, 317, 335, 339, 428, 608, 617, 622, 678, 682; iii., 249, 334-8, 346, 383, 395, 407, 429, 440-1; v., 258; Central Americans, i., 663-4; ii., 690-1, 695, 699, 719, 741; iii., 471, 487, 499.

Fatigue, Isthmian remedy for, i., 776.

Fawalomnes, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 450.

Fax, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Feasts, Hyperboreans, i., 66-7, 84-5, 92-3, 134; Columbians, i., 164, 167, 169-71, 188, 191, 193, 199, 219, 243; iii., 151; Californians, i., 350-52, 410-11; New Mexicans, i., 512, 515-16, 550-2, 566-7, 586-7; Mexicans, i., 628; ii., 252, 258, 260, 266-268, 272, 276, 280-1, 283-6, 302-41, 387, 391-7, 428, 612, 621, 623; iii., 63, 313-17, 323-4, 332-48, 353-62, 385-95, 404-29, 446, 448; Central Americans, i., 730, 735, 772; ii., 641, 656, 662, 667-9, 676, 679, 684, 687-711; iii., 484.

Feather River, i., 381, 450, 451, 455, 457; lang., iii., 648-9.

Feathers, Hyperboreans, i., 72, 90, 101, 105, 117, 128; Columbians, i., 159-60, 166, 170-2, 179, 187, 200, 211, 215, 258; Californians, i., 331, 347, 367-70, 377-8, 381-2, 387-8, 392, 396, 410, 424-6, 434; New Mexicans, i., 482-4, 495-6, 504, 522, 531-2, 541, 551, 558, 574-5, 579, 583; iii., 180; Mexicans, i., 620-3, 649-50; ii., 148, 174, 259, 290, 307, 314, 323-7, 333-4, 337, 363, 366-8, 404-7, 484, 488-91, 572-3, 606-7, 615, 619, 621; iii., 238, 301, 313, 318, 324-5, 356-61, 369, 385-7, 390-2, 398, 400, 404, 407, 411, 416-18, 422, 426-7; v., 325, 515-16; Central Americans, i., 691, 702, 705-6, 715-16, 723, 726, 750-4; ii., 635, 641, 693, 707, 726-30, 741-3, 752, 789.

Features, see Face.

Fecundity, see Women.

Feet, i., 90-1, 177, 477-9, 529-30, 573, 689.

Fences, i., 185, 718, 756; ii., 348, 718.

Fenelon River, i., 466.

Fern, food and medicine, i., 79, 214, 354.

Ferndale, California, antiq., iv., 707.

Fertilizer, Maya agriculture, ii., 717.

Festivals, see Feasts.

Fetichism, iii., 22, 33-8, 108-9.

Fever, i., 245-6, 394, 521, 554, 568, 588, 638-9, 667, 743, 778; ii., 592-3, 596, 599-600, 794.

Fibre, various uses of, i., 558-9, 563, 574, 582-3, 630, 648, 657, 697, 699, 754; ii., 363, 365, 409, 484, 743, 752.

Fiddletown, California, antiq., iv., 707.

Figs, drink from, ii., 723.

Filifaes, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Filmore Valley, i., 468.

Fine Gold Gulch, i., 456.

Fines, punishment by, ii., 457, 656-9, 673.

Fire, Hyperboreans, i., 51-2, 58, 79, 91-2; iii., 96-7, 101; Columbians, i., 189, 216, 236, 267; Californians, i., 339, 346, 357, 377, 430, 433; iii., 115-17, 159, 547; New Mexicans, i., 498, 502, 519-20, 535, 537, 554, 563, 577; iii., 172; Mexicans, i., 666; ii., 276, 280, 315, 330, 333, 491, 583-4; iii., 306, 376, 385-95, 416-17; v., 326, 463; Central Americans, i., 695, 722, 761-2, 782; ii., 670, 691-2, 696, 701-2; iii., 50, 482; v., chap. xi.

Fire-arms, Nootkas, i., 188.

Firebugs, used for light, ii., 573.

Fish, Hyperboreans, i., 40, 55-6, 75-6, 90, 103-4, 118, 123, 129; Columbians, i., 159, 162-3, 168-9, 171, 185-8, 209, 212-14, 232-4, 261-3, 265-6; Californians, i., 323, 337-40, 374-6, 378, 405-6, 427-30; New Mexicans, i., 482, 488, 538-9, 560-2, 576-8; Mexicans, i., 624, 652, 655; ii., 342, 352-3, 413; iii., 410-11; Central Americans, i., 694, 719-21, 758-60, 762, 768; ii., 653, 698, 708, 720-1, 750.

Fish Utes, tribe of Shoshones, i., 422-42; location, i., 470.

Fitch's Ranch, i., 449.

Fitzhugh Sound, i., 295.

Flags, ii., 323, 405, 427, 607, 615, 619, 699-700, 710, 712; iii., 404, 426.

Flatbow Lake, i., 252, 311.

Flatbow River, i., 252, 263, 311.

Flatbows, i., 251, 311, see Kootenais.

Flathead Lake, i., 313.

Flathead River, i., 252, 312-13.

Flatheads, i., 312-13, see Salish.

Flattening the Head, see Head-flattening.

Flax, i., 182, 185, 368.

Flaying, captives, ii., 309, 311, 332, 429, 431, 457; iii., 308-9, 353, 355, 413, 415, 420, 472.

Flesh, i., 90, 127, 162, 187, 288-9, 479, 721; ii., 711, 721.

Flies, i., 625; ii., 721.

Flint, i., 59, 88, 188-9, 235, 341-2, 377-9, 431, 434, 541, 562-3, 578-9, 655, 667, 722, 761; ii., 479-80, 557, 742-3, 750; iii., 129, 179, 268, 281.

Floating gardens, see Chinampas.

Floats, i., 213-14, 719.

Flood, see Deluge.

Floors, i., 259, 535, 718, 755; ii., 161, 556, 572, 787; iv., 125, 159, 165, 169, 273, 309, 630, 653-4.

Flores, town, Guatemala, iv., 133.

Flore's Creek, i., 443.

Florida, iv., 747; v., 191.

Flowers, i., 368, 396, 631, 649-50, 730-1; ii., 290, 315, 328, 349, 491, 689, 734; iii., 407, 420-1.

Flunmuda, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Flutes, i., 516, 552, 586, 738; ii., 317, 713; iv., 462-3.

Flying-game, Nahuas, ii., 295-6.

Flying gods, Miztecs, iii., 71-2.

Fomentations, Lower California, medicine, i., 568.

Fonechas, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 363.

Food, influence of, i., 18, 40; Hyperboreans, i., 54-8, 75-9, 90, 103-4, 118, 123, 125, 129, 135; iii., 147; Columbians, i., 153, 161-4, 185-8, 191, 212-14, 232-5, 261-7; Californians, i., 336-40, 373-7, 405-7, 427-30; New Mexicans, i., 477, 487-92, 538-40, 555, 576-8, 590; Mexicans, i., 624-6, 640-1, 652-4, 667-8; ii., 163-4, 174-8, 318-19, 342-62, 384, 612, 615, 623; Central Americans, i., 694-6, 709, 718-22, 743-4, 758-60, 780-3; ii., 679, 715-25, 741, 798, 800-1.

Fool's Prairie, i., 313.

Football, i., 552, 586-7.

Footprints, of gods, ii., 333.

Foot-races, Nahuas, ii., 413.

Force, action and elements of, ii., 6-16.

Forehead, Hyperboreans, i., 116; Columbians, i., 177-8; Californians, i., 364-5; New Mexicans, i., 477, 558; Mexicans, i., 619, 647; ii., 624; Central Americans, i., 688, 714-15.

Forest Hill, California, antiq., iv., 706.

Forest Home, California, antiq., iv., 707.

Forests, i., 38-9, 114, 153, 156, 323-4, 385, 651; ii., 88-90, 471-2; iv., 298.

Fork Lake, i., 300.

Fornication, punishment for, ii., 469, 651, 659, 675.

Fort Alexander, i., 310.

Fort Ancient, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 756.

Fort Boirie, i., 462.

Fort Boise, i., 461.

Fort Bridger, i., 463.

Fort Colville, i., 314.

Fort Confidence, i., 144.

Fort Halkett, lang., iii., 587.

Fort Helvetia, i., 450.

Fort Hill, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 755.

Fortifications, Columbians, i., 160, 212; New Mexicans, i., 534-6, 542; antiq., iv., 582-91, 603, 613, 637, 645-6, 664-5, 675, 715; Mexicans, i., 628, 655-6; ii., 414-17, 558, 562, 568; antiq., iv., 368-9, 375, 383-4, 412-13, 431-3, 439-61, 467, 480, 486-7, 503, 550-2; v., 503; Central Americans, i., 756-7; ii., 743-5, 788-91; antiq., iv., 124-5, 131, 255, 268; Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 750-7, 762-5; Peru, antiq., iv., 804.

Fort Liard, lang., iii., 587.

Fort McLoughlin, i., 295.

Fort Mojave, i., 467.

Fort Nisqually, i., 301.

Fort Ross Indians, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401, 449; special mention, i., 364, 368, 381, 388, 398.

Fort Rupert, i., 175, 190-1, 296, 298.

Fort Simpson, i., 155, 167, 173-4, 293-4; lang., iii., 587.

Fort Walla Walla, Washington, antiq., iv., 735.

Fountains, ii., 565, 571, 587; iv., 457-8.

Four, Tlaloc sacred number, iii., 348.

Four Creeks, i., 363, 456-7.

Fowl, i., 694; ii., 702, 719, 721.

Foxes, i., 50, 258, 341, 551, 625; ii., 716.

Fox Islands, i., 87, 89, 141-2.

Francis Lake, lang., iii., 587.

Fraser Lake, lang., iii., 607.

Fraser River, i., 115, 145, 172, 175, 185, 251, 271, 278, 295-7, 312; iii., 613.

Frederick Sound, i., 143.

Fresno County, California, antiq., iv., 707.

Fresno River, i., 363, 398, 455.

Frijoles, beans, i., 694.

Fringe, Nahua dress, ii., 366-7, 369, 374.

Frogs, i., 405, 576; ii., 356; iii., 116-17, 360, 429; iv., 24.

Fruit, i., 234, 265, 333, 538-9, 549-50, 559, 560, 574, 576, 624-5, 652, 658, 694, 700; ii., 347, 718-19, 722.

Fuca, i., 222, see Juan de Fuca.

Funerals, see Burial.

Funnel, Isthmian dress, i., 751-2.

Fur, i., 29-31, 50, 73-4, 89, 100, 160, 182-3, 216, 230, 347, 425.

Furnaces, Nahuas, ii., 478.

Furniture, i., 54, 692, 718; ii., 174-5, 572-3, 786-7.

Future, i., 2-3; ii., 604-5, 616, 618, 622-3; iii., 34-5, 401-2, 405, 510-44.

Fyules, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 454.

G

Gabilanes (Gavilanes), North Mexican tribe, i., 572-91; location, i., 612.

Gagavitz, iii., 477, see Hacavitz.

Gagcoh Valley, i., 788.

Galel Qamahay, Cakchiquel title, ii., 640.

Galel Xahil, Cakchiquel royal title, ii., 640; v., chap. xi.

Galena, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 778-9.

Gale-Ziha, branch of Ilocab, v., chap. xi.

Galisteo, Pueblo village, i., 527, 600.

Gallinomeros, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 362, 449; special mention, i., 372, 386, 390; lang., iii., 643-4.

Galpons, (Galpones), corridor of council-house, Nicaragua, ii., 646.

Gambling, Hyperboreans, i., 112-13, 122; Columbians, i., 169, 198, 219, 243-4, 280-1; Californians, i., 353-4, 394, 415-16, 437; New Mexicans, i., 516, 552-3, 587; Mexicans, ii., 299-301.

Gamchines, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Game, i., 39, 114, 153, 156, 187, 263, 323-4, 337, 405-6, 576; ii., 350-1, 652, 659, 693, 720.

Ganchebi (Canchebiz, Canchevez, Ganchebirse), Guatemala tribe, i., 686-711; location, i., 787.

Ganel, Quiché-Cakchiquel day, ii., 767.

Gardens, ii., 571, 573, 575, 789.

Gardner Channel, i., 155, 294.

Garlands, ii., 372, 620; iii., 313, 423, 426.

Garments, see Dress.

Garucha, a rope bridge, i., 693.

Garzas, i., 572, see Carrizas.

Gaulas, Mosquito tribe, i., 711-47; location, i., 713; lang., iii., 783.

Gavilanes, i., 611, see Gabilanes.

Geese, i., 75, 333, 337; ii., 721.

Geguep, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Gekaquch, a Cakchiquel ruler, v., chap. xi.

Gekaquchi, a Cakchiquel princely family, v., chap. xi.

Geliec, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Gelo, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Gemex, tribe of Pueblos, i., 526-56; location, i., 600.

Génau, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Genoa, town, Nevada, i., 469.

Gens de Bois, i., 147, see Han Kutchin.

Gens de Bouleau (Birch Indians), tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-37; location, i., 147.

Gens de Buttes, i., 147, see Tenan Kutchin.

Gens de Fou, i., 147, see Tathzey Kutshi.

Gens de Foux, i., 147, see Tutchone Kutchin.

Gens de Large, i., 147, see Natche Kutchin.

Gens de Milieu, tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-37; location, i., 115, 147.

Georgetown, California, antiq., iv., 705.

Georgia, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 767-8.

Georgia Gulf, i., 296.

Gergecensens (Gerguensens, Gerzuensens), Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 363, 452.

Gerguensens (Gerzuensens), i., 452, see Gergecensens.

Gesture-language, iii., 2-5, 556.

Geysers, locality, California, i., 452.

Ghalashat, name for San Nicolas Island, i., 402.

Ghanan, ii., 767, see Chanan.

Ghocan, name for Palenque, iv., 295.

Ghowel (Huey Zacatlan), Chiapas, antiq., iv., 354.

Giants, i., 750; ii., 600; iii., 64, 67; iv., 695; v., 24, 49-50, 139, 197-200.

Gifts, see Presents.

Gig Harbor, i., 301.

Gijames, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Gila (Xila) River, i., 528, 593, 595-9, 601-2; lang., iii., 594-5.

Gilding, see Plating.

Gileños (Xileños), tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location, i., 474, 596; lang., iii., 685.

Gilimis, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 454.

Girdle, see Belt.

Givim, v., 70, see Hivim.

Gix, ii., 755, see Ix.

Gladiatorial Stone, ii., 586; iv., 509-10.

Glass, i., 48, 483; ii., 557, 573.

Glazing, pottery, i., 500, 698, 769; ii., 483; iv., 19, 63-5, 383, 647.

Gleuaxcuyu, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Gloves, i., 258; ii., 298, 731.

Glue, i., 91, 130; ii., 489.

Gluttony, see Eating.

Gnudzavui-Gnuhu, locality, Oajaca, i., 678.

Gnuundaa, locality, Oajaca i., 678.

Goajiros, Isthmian tribe, i., 747-85; location, i., 796.

Goasacoalco, iii., 275-6, see Goazacoalco.

Goats, i., 215-16, 544.

Goazacoalco (Coatzacoalco, Goasacoalco, Goatzacoalco, Guasacualco, Guazacualco), province and river, Vera Cruz, i., 645, 666, 680; ii., 112, 619; iii., 259, 275-6; v., 259, 298, 421, 473.

Godamyous (!), tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 307.

Goggles, Eskimos, i., 69.

Goitres, i., 588, 638.

Gold, New Mexicans, i., 543, 583; Mexicans, i., 631, 648, 651, 657; ii., 147, 173-5, 285, 290, 372, 376-7, 382, 406-8, 473-9, 606; iii., 285, 324; antiq., iv., 346, 376, 383, 455; Central Americans, i., 727-8, 752, 754, 763, 766-9; ii., 732, 742, 749-50, 787; antiq., iv., 18, 20, 22-3, 66; Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 778-9; Peru, antiq., iv., 792-4.

Gold Bluff, i., 445-6.

Golden Gate, myth., iii., 89.

Gold-Harbors, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 292.

Gold Hill, California, antiq., iv., 706.

Goldsmiths, Nahuas, ii., 475-8; iii., 411.

Gold Springs Gulch, California, antiq., iv., 701-2, 706.

Golovin Sound, i., 141.

Golovnin (Golownin) Bay, i., 70, 141.

Gonorrhœa, see Venereal Disease.

Goose Creek, i., 469.

Goose Lake, i., 444.

Gosh Ute Lake, i., 422.

Gosh Utes (Gosha Utes, Goshautes, Goships, Goshoots, Gosh Yutas), tribe of Shoshones, i., 422-42; location and name, i., 422, 467-8; special mention, i., 428; lang., iii., 661-2.

Gossampine, see Cotton.

Gourds, i., 544, 551-2, 582, 630, 656; ii., 398, 484, 709, 752; v., chap. xi.

Government, its relation to civilization, ii., 60-6, 71-4; Hyperboreans, i., 65, 80, 92, 100-1, 108, 121, 123-5, 130-2, 134; Columbians, i., 167-8, 170, 173, 180-2, 185, 187-8, 193-6, 217, 240, 247-8, 258, 262, 269-70, 275-6; Californians, i., 347-9, 358, 385-8, 409-10, 435; New Mexicans, i., 507-10, 546-7, 564-5, 584; Mexicans, i., 632, 659-60; ii., 133-239, 373-7, 418-19, 433-72, 603-14, 619-22, 628; iii., 210-20, 225-30, 259, 273-4, 432, 726; v., 244-9, 255, 264, 350-1, 404, 456-8; Central Americans, i., 701-2, 728-9, 735, 753, 755, 758, 764, 769-71, 781-4; ii., 630-60, 669, 736-7, 740-1, 787-90, 799-801; iii., 73; v., chap. xiii.

Goxicas, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Granada, Nicaragua, antiq., iv., 47, 60; New Mexico, antiq., iv., 674.

Granaries, see Store-houses.

Gran-Chimú, Peru, antiq., iv., 798-800.

Grande Ronde Valley, i., 254, 319.

Grande de San Pedro Lake, i., 612.

Grand River, i., 461, 464.

Granville, Ohio, antiq., iv., 771.

Grass, food, i., 103, 170, 340, 373-5, 406; manufactures, etc., i., 73, 91, 107, 211, 214, 236, 258, 270, 330-1, 345, 368, 381-2, 425, 434, 486, 500, 502, 724, 765; ii., 574; iii., 129.

Grasshoppers, as food, i., 373-4, 405-6, 428, 488, 561.

Grass Valley, California, antiq., iv., 706.

Grave Creek, i., 308.

Graves, see Burial.

Gray's Harbor, i., 151, 209, 211, 215-17, 222, 303-4.

Grease, i., 129, 210, 333; iii., 145.

Great Bear Lake, i., 144.

Great Bear River Valley, i., 461.

Great Fish River, i., 145.

Great Lone Land, i., 114.

Great Salt Lake Basin, i., 152, 323-4, 461-3.

Great Slave Lake, i., 144.

Great South Pass, i., 461.

Greaves, ii., 377, 406-8, see Armor.

Greece, myth., compared with Nahua, iii., 444; American origin-traces, v., 122-3.

Greenland, early settlement of, v., 106-15.

Green River, i., 300, 461-4.

Grepons, Nicaragua council-houses, ii., 646.

Greytown, i., 793.

Grijalva, Juan de, arrival on Mexican coast, v., 478.

G-tinkit, i., 96, see Sitkas.

Guacachula, city, Mexico, ii., 416.

Guachichiles (Cuachichiles, Guachachiles, Huacbichiles, Huachichiles), North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 572, 614; special mention, i., 632; lang., iii., 719.

Guaco, antidote for snake-bites, i., 589, 743.

Guadalajara, Jalisco, antiq., iv., 572.

Guadalupe River, i., 452.

Guaguayutla, village, Guerrero, i., 677.

Guaicuris (Guaicuras, Guaicures, Guaycúras, Waicuros, Waikur), Lower Californian tribe, i., 556-71; location, i., 557-8, 603-4; special mention, i., 558-9, 565-7, 570; lang., iii., 687-93.

Guailopos, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 609.

Guaimas, iii., 604, see Guaymas.

Guaimies (Huamies), Isthmian tribe, i., 747-85; location, i., 796; special mention, i., 759.

Guainetas, Isthmian tribe, i., 747-85; location, i., 796.

Guainnonost, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Guaipil, i., 621, see Huipil.

Guaislac, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Guajamina, locality, Lower California, i., 569.

Guajiqueros, Mosquito tribe, i., 711-47; location, i., 712; special mention, i., 718, 722, 737-8.

Guajolote, Mexico, antiq., iv., 545.

Gualala (Walhalla, Wallalla) Creek, i., 449.

Gualalas, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 449; special mention, i., 386; lang., iii., 643.

Gualpi, (Gualpa, Hualpi, Jualpi), Moqui village, i., 528, 600-1.

Guamarœ, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; lang., iii., 719.

Guanacaste, Costa Rica, antiq., iv., 24.

Guanacauri Mt, v., 16.

Guanaja Island, i., 790; antiq., iv., 70.

Guanajuato, description of tribes, i., 617-44; ii., 133-629; location, i., 673, 677; myth., iii., 541; lang., iii., 737-41; antiq., iv., 577-8.

Guanines, gold ornaments, i., 752.

Guanipas, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Guanitiquimanes, Oajaca tribe, hist., v., 528.

Guanlen, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Guarapo, South Mexican drink, i., 665.

Guarara, Isthmian province, lang., iii., 794.

Guards, Nahuas, ii., 183, 245.

Guasabas, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 606.

Guasacualco, iii., 276, see Goazacoalco.

Guasavas, village, Sonora, i., 606.

Guashillas, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 294.

Guasistagua, Honduras, antiq., iv., 71.

Guaslaique, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 458.

Guastecs, i., 674, see Huastecs.

Guatemala (Quauhtemalan), antiq., iv., 108-38; hist., v., 298, 349, 460-1, chap. xi.; for information concerning tribes, see Guatemalans and Maya nations.

Guatemalans (Guatemaltecs), one of the three families into which the tribes of Central America are divided. Manners and customs of all its nations and tribes described together, i., 686-711; civilized nations, ii., 630-803; location, i., 682, 786-92; ii., 121-2; Physique, i., 688-9; ii., 802; Dress, i., 689-92; ii., 726-34; Dwellings, i., 692-3; ii., 783-94; Food, i., 694-6; ii., 715-25; Personal Habits, i., 696; ii., 734-5; Implements and Manufactures, i., 697-9; ii., 748-52; Weapons and War, i., 696-7; ii., 739-47; Boats, i., 699; ii., 739; Property and Commerce, i., 699-700; ii., 735-8; Art, i., 700-1; ii., 748-82; Government, i., 701-2; ii., 631-60; Marriage and Women, i., 702-4; ii., 664-86; Education, ii., 661-4; Amusements, i., 704-7; ii., 687-714; Miscellaneous Customs, i., 707-8; ii., 796-8; Medicine, i., 708-9; ii., 794-6; Burial, i., 709; ii., 798-802; Character, i., 709-11; ii., 803; myth., iii., 74-5, 129, 474-90; v., 13, 20; lang., iii., 726, 759-60; hist., chap. xi.

Guatulco, Oajaca, antiq., iv., 374; hist., v., 214, 425.

Guatusco, iv., 445, see Huatusco.

Guatusos, (Indios Blancos, Pranzos), Isthmian tribe, i., 747-85; location and name, i., 748, 794-5; special mention, i., 750-1, 758, 784; lang., iii., 793.

Guautla, Vera Cruz, antiq., iv., 461.

Guavi, i., 680, see Huaves.

Guaxaca, i., 679, see Oajaca.

Guaximala, Nicaragua, antiq., iv., 35.

Guaxtecas, v., 208, see Huastecs.

Guayacan, a species of wood, i., 579, 778; ii., 795.

Guayangares, name for Tzintzuntzan, v., 516.

Guayave, a thin corn cake, i., 540.

Guaycúras, i., 557, see Guaicuris.

Guaymas, (Guaimas), North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 605; lang., iii., 704-5.

Guazabas, iii., 699, see Guazaves.

Guazacualco, i., 666, see Goazacoalco.

Guazalingo, province, Mexico, i., 675.

Guazamoros, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Guazapares, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 610; lang., iii., 711.

Guazaves (Guazabas), North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 609; lang., iii., 699, 707.

Gucumatz (Tepeu, Tepeuh), Quiché ruler and god, ii., 648, 716-17; iii., 45, 135, 475; v., 23, 170, 188, chap. xi.

Güegüetenango, i., 787, see Huehuetenango.

Gueiquizales, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Guenocks, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 363, 651.

Guerrero, tribes described, i., 617-44; ii., 133-629; location, i., 677-8, 790; lang., iii., 749, 752; antiq., iv., 423-4.

Guetares, Isthmian tribe, i., 747-85; location, i., 795.

Gugures, Isthmian tribe, i., 747-85; special mention, i., 752.

Guichicovi, village, Oajaca, i., 679-80.

Guicholas, Central Mexican tribe, i., 617-44; location, i., 672.

Guiengola, Oajaca, antiq., iv., 368-71; hist., v., 444-5.

Guillicas (Guilucos), Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 362, 449; lang., iii., 650.

Guima, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Guimen, i., 453, see Guymen.

Guipaulavi, Moqui village, i., 600.

Guisoles, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Guixa, v., chap. xii., see Huixa.

Guixolotes, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 613.

Gulf of Fonseca, i., 791.

Guloismistac, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Gum, i., 130, 172, 204, 217, 286, 434, 439, 639, 692, 698, 776; ii., 485, 600, 734; v., 325.

Gumarcaah, ii., 637, see Utatlan.

Gummesacapemes, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 613.

Gutaras, Nicaragua sandals, ii., 731.

Guylpunes, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Guymen (Guimen), Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Guzman Lake, i., 595; iii., 594.

Gwangwa Pagua, name for Tangaxoan II., v., 525.

Gwosdeff Islands, i., 64.

Gymnasium, ii., 662, 713; iv., 172-3, 230-3.

Gypsum, ii., 556, 558, 570, 572, 581.

H

Haab, Maya year, ii., 759.

Habasto, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Habenapo, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 451.

Hacavitz (Gagavitz), Quiché god, iii., 50-2, 477; v., 181, 547-56, 562, 569-71, 574.

Hacavitz Mountain, v., 549-53, 556, 560, 564.

Haeeltzuk, i., 294, see Hailtzas.

Haglli, tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location, i., 599.

Hagulgets, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 294.

Hahamogna, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 460.

Haidahs, one of the nine families into which the Columbians are divided; manners and customs of all its nations and tribes described together, i., 155-74; physique, i., 156-8; dress, i., 158-60; dwellings, i., 160-1; food, i., 161-4; weapons, implements, and manufactures, i., 164-6; boats, i., 166; property and trade, i., 167; government, i., 167-8; women and marriage, i., 168-9; amusements, i., 169-70; miscellaneous customs, i., 170-2; medicine, i., 172; burial, i., 172-3; character, i., 173-4; location of tribes, i., 151, 292-5; myth., iii., 149-50, 520; lang., iii., 604-6.

Haidahs (Haïdas, Hydahs), tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location and name, i., 292-3; special mention, i., 157, 203.

Hailtzas (Haeeltzuk, Haeelzuk, Hailtsa, Hailtzuk, Hautzuk), tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 155, 295; special mention, i., 157-8, 170-1; lang., iii., 607.

Hair, i., 12-14; Hyperboreans, i., 46-7, 72, 86, 88, 117, 119, 128, 131-2; iii., 148; Columbians, i., 157-9, 166, 173, 178-80, 182-3, 195, 206, 210-11, 215-16, 225-6, 229, 246, 255-7, 270, 288; Californians, i., 331, 357, 364-6, 368-70, 397, 402, 404, 420, 424; New Mexicans, i., 477-84, 496, 523, 529-32, 544, 551, 558-9, 567, 569, 573-5, 582-3, 590; Mexicans, i., 619, 621-2, 646-7, 649-51; ii., 252, 307, 324, 329, 333, 370-1, 403, 408, 461, 484, 599, 605, 624; iii., 238, 364, 387, 392, 435; Central Americans, i., 689-91, 714-16, 744, 750-2, 754; ii., 651, 729-31, 741.

Haitlins, i., 175, 298, see Teets.

Hakoopin, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 460.

Halach Winikel, Tutul Xiu title, ii., 636; v., chap. xiii.

Halchedomas, tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location, i., 599.

Halchis, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Halibut, food, Hyperboreans, i., 104; Columbians, i., 162, 186, 214.

Haliotis, see Pearls.

Hallams, tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 296.

Hamaca, Mexican hammock, i., 656.

Hamai-Uleü, Quiché queen, v., 572.

Hamburg Indians (Tka), North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 447; lang., iii., 640.

Hamechuwa, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 460.

Hammersly's Inlet, i., 301.

Hammocks, i., 658, 697-9, 724, 765-6, 782; antiq., iv., 82-3.

Hamockhaves, i., 597, see Mojaves.

Hamook-häbî Mountains, i., 597.

Hanags (Haynaggis), North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 442, 445; lang., iii., 593.

Hanegas (Anega, Hennegas), tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 292-3.

Han-Kutchin (An-Kutchin, Gens de Bois), tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-37; location, i., 115, 147; lang., iii., 587.

Hannakalals (Hannakallals), tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 307.

Haracotin, mountain, Michoacan, v., 518.

Harasgna, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 460.

Hare, i., 50, 373, 424, 538, 578; ii., 368, 721-2; iii., 80.

Harem, Nahuas, ii., 182-3.

Harney Lake, i., 463.

Harno, Moqui town, lang., iii., 671, 681.

Harpies, Isthmian myth., iii., 500-1.

Harpoons, i., 56, 719; ii., 721.

Harrison River, lang., iii., 613.

Harvest-feasts, i., 735; ii., 340, 713-14.

Haslintahs, North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 445.

Hatawa, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 460.

Hatchets, i., 59, 104, 164, 345, 434, 543, 724, 765; ii., 482, 737, 749-50; see also Axes.

Hats, Hyperboreans, i., 74, 88-9, 101; Columbians, i., 159, 166, 182-3, 211, 230, 258-9; Californians, i., 330-1, 345, 358, 368; New Mexicans, i., 481-4, 531-2, 551, 558-9, 575; Mexicans, i., 620, 648, 650; Central Americans, i., 690-1, 699, 715-16, 754.

Hatzal, Guatemala, antiq., iv., 131.

Hatzcab, Maya forenoon, ii., 755.

Hautzuk, i., 158, see Hailtzas.

Hauzaurni, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 454.

Havic-häbî Mountains, i., 597.

Hawhaw, California, lang., iii., 651.

Hayate, Maya mantle, ii., 727.

Haynaggis, i., 445, see Hanags.

Hayocingo, locality, Mexico, v., 472.

Head, i., 46, 72, 329, 426, 569, 573, 689, 714.

Head-flattening, Columbians, i., 151, 158, 180, 210, 226-8, 256-7; Mexicans, i., 651; ii., 281; Central Americans, i., 717, 754; ii., 681-2, 731-2, 802; iv., 304.

Hebonomas, tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location, i., 598.

Hecat, iii., 491, see Ehecatl.

Hecatotonti, Nahua idols, iii., 343.

Hegues, i., 607, see Eudeves.

Hehighenimmo, i., 313, 316, see Sans Poils.

Helluland, North-east America, v., 106.

Hellwits, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 306, 317.

Helmets, i., 105, 235, 706; ii., 403, 405, 407, 742.

Hemes, Pueblo province, i., 527.

Hemlock, i., 162, 204.

Hemp, i., 162, 164-5.

Hennegas, i., 293, see Hanegas.

Hepowwoo, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 460.

Hequis, i., 607, see Eudeves.

Heralds, i., 202, 379, 388; see also Ambassadors.

Heraldry, i., 193, 202.

Herbs, various uses of, i., 57, 103, 124, 172, 204, 220, 233, 286, 333, 340, 354, 373-4, 387, 395, 406, 419, 439, 503, 521-2, 537, 566, 568, 588-9, 633-4, 639-40, 667, 709, 742-3, 754, 776, 778, 782; ii., 287, 595, 598, 600, 710, 734, 795.

Hermita (Llano de la Culebra), town, Guatemala, i., 788.

Hermosillo, village, Sonora, i., 602.

Herradura Bay, i., 751.

Herring, i., 104, 162, 186, 212.

Héthtoyas, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 456.

Hetzalqualiztl, ii., 509, see Etzalqualiztli.

Heves, i., 607, see Eudeves.

Hiaqua, a shell used for money, i., 217, 239.

Hiaqui, i., 572, 605, see Yaquis.

Hicipan, Michoacan ruler, v., 524.

Hicucaxe, king of Michoacan, v., 524.

Hidalgo, Guerrero, antiq., iv., 423-4.

Hides, see Skins.

Hieroglyphics, Columbians, i., 161, 172, 193; antiq., iv., 734-6; Californians, antiq., iv., 690-1, 715-17, 724, 733-4; New Mexicans, i., 507, 545-6; antiq., iv., 620, 631, 638-41, 643-5, 648-9, 661, 673, 679-81; Mexicans, ii., 240-1, 413, 443, 487-8, 499, 523-52; iii., 437; antiq., iv., 304-602 passim; v., 140-2, 479-80; Central Americans, ii., 115-16, 656, 756-7, 767-82; antiq., iv., 22-277, passim; v., 142; Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 784-5; v., 75-6; Peru, antiq., iv., 806; resemblances to Egyptian, v., 61-2.

Hietans, i., 592, see Comanches.

Hijames, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Himeris, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 606; lang., iii., 699.

Hinas, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 614; lang., iii., 719.

Hiokowitz, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 212.

Hios, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 607.

Hipil, i., 650, see Huipil.

Hishquayaht, tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 295.

Historians, Spanish, etc., bibliography, ii., 158-60; v., 142-9.

History, explorations, western North American, i., 27-32; introductory remarks on aids to research, etc., v., 133-55; Northern tribes, v., 536-9; Nahua nations, ii., 96-114; iii., 270-1, 307-8; iv., 470; pre-Toltec period, v., 188-236; Toltec period, v., 237-88; Chichimec period, v., 289-399; Aztec period, v., 400-82; Tlascala, v., 483-507; Michoacan, v., 508-26; Oajaca, v., 526-36; Maya nations, ii., 114-23, 632-4, 637-8; iv., 107, 280-1, 359-62; pre-Toltec, v., 158-88, 223-36; Quiché-Cakchiquel, v., 540-602; Chiapas, Honduras, etc., v., 603-14; Yucatan, v., 615-34.

Hivim (Givim), name of Hurte country, v., 70.

Hix, Tzendal day, ii., 767, see Ix.

Hizos, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 609.

Hobnil, Maya god, ii., 692, 699.

Hochiquetzal, name of Chalchihuitlicue, iii., 367.

Hock (Huk), Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 450; lang., iii., 650.

Hoe, i., 582, 630; ii., 348.

Hoeras, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Hogs, i., 652, 694, 721, 725, 758; ii., 721.

Hohgates, North Californian mythic persons, iii., 177.

Hohilpos (Hopilpos), Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 312-13.

Hohocam, Pima mythic persons, iii., 79-80.

Hohs, tribe of Sound Indians, i., 208-22; location, i., 303.

Hokandikahs (Salt Lake Diggers), tribe of Shoshones, i., 422-42; location, i., 463.

Holcanes, Maya paid troops, ii., 740.

Holkan okot, Maya war-dance, ii., 693.

Holom, ancient city, Guatemala, v., chap. xi.

Holon Chan Tepeuh, Tutul Xiu leader, v., 227, chap. xiii.

Holpop, Maya title, ii., 711.

Homamish, tribe of Sound Indians, i., 208-22; location, i., 302.

Honcut, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 450.

Honduras, tribes described, i., 711-47; Civilized nations, ii., 630-803; location, i., 790, 792-4; ii., 121; myth., iii., 485-6, 496; lang., iii., 726, 759-60, 782-3; antiq., iv., 69-105; hist., v., 472, 541, 558, chap. xii.

Honey, i., 576-7, 586, 625, 654, 694, 726, 739; ii., 357, 599, 699, 722-4; iii., 313.

Honey Lake, i., 468.

Hood Bay, i., 143.

Hood's Canal, i., 208, 301-2; lang., iii., 613.

Hoodsinoos (Hoodsunhoos, Hootsinoos), tribe of Thlinkeets, i., 94-114; location, i., 96, 143; lang., iii., 579.

Hoofs, used for ornaments, i., 482, 522, 574.

Hooks, i., 76, 90, 104, 164, 185-6, 212-14, 233, 236, 262, 407; ii., 353.

Hoonids (Hooneaks, Huna Cow, Hunnas), tribe of Thlinkeets, i., 94-114; location, i., 142.

Hoopahs (Hoopas), North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 327, 445; special mention, i., 334, 344, 348-51; lang., iii., 584, 592-3.

Hoopah Valley, i., 327, 445.

Hoops, Central California, game with, i., 393-4.

Hootsinoos, i., 143, see Hoodsinoos.

Hóp, locality, north-east coast of America, v., 110.

Hopaiuh, village, North California, i., 444.

Hopeton, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 760-2.

Hope Valley, i., 469.

Hopilpos, i., 313, see Hohilpos.

Horcasitas, village, Sonora, i., 605.

Horcasitas River, i., 605.

Horn, i., 58, 117, 164, 189, 235, 248, 270-1, 342, 344, 432, 434, 542, 582; ii., 292-3, 412, 713.

Hornitos, California, antiq., iv., 707.

Horn Mountain Indians, tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-37; location, i., 114, 144; special mention, i., 117-19.

Horocroc, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Horoscope, ii., 253, 271-2, 663; iii., 482.

Horses, i., 154, 259, 267-74, 280-4, 433, 435, 438-9, 490, 492, 505-6, 518, 523, 539, 542, 544, 561, 583, 725; iii., 483.

Horse Shoe Bend, California, antiq., iv., 707.

Horse Sound, i., 207.

Hospitals, i., 583; ii., 596.

Hot Creek, i., 443.

Hoteday, i., 447, name for Yrekas.

Hotlimamish, tribe of Sound Indians, i., 208-22; location, i., 302.

Hottrochtac, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 454.

Houaguan (Wonagan), tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 292.

House of Birds, at Uxmal, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 190-1.

Houses, see Dwellings.

Houtgna, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 460.

Hovenweep River, Utah, antiq., iv., 732-3.

Howachez, i., 455, see Howetsers.

Howchuklisaht (Ouchuchlisit), tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 295.

Howe Sound, i., 298.

Howetsers (Howachez), Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 363, 455-6.

Howkumas, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 451.

Howteteoh, North California, lang., iii., 642.

Hoxtotipaquillo, locality, Jalisco, i., 672.

Huabes (Huabi), i., 680, see Huaves.

Huacas, tombs, Chiriquí and Peru, antiq., iv., 17, 792.

Huacbichiles, iii., 719, see Guachichiles.

Huachi, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 454.

Huachichiles, i., 614, see Guachichiles.

Huaconex, medicinal plant, ii., 599.

Huactlatohuani, Chichimec imperial title, v., 299.

Huactli, a Toltec king, v., 250.

Huadíbis, village, Sonora, i., 608.

Huahuapan (Huajuapan), locality, Oajaca, i., 677; antiq., iv., 421.

Hualahuises, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; lang., iii., 714.

Hualapais (Hualpais, Wallpays), tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location, i., 475, 597; special mention, i., 477-8.

Hualapai Valley, i., 597.

Hualpi, i., 601, see Gualpi.

Hualquilme, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 454.

Huamares, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 572.

Huamies, i., 796, see Guaimies.

Huanuco el Viejo, Peru, antiq., iv., 801-4.

Huapalcalco, locality, Vera Cruz, i., 671.

Huaraches, Mexican sandals, i., 620.

Huasna, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 458.

Huastecs, (Cuextecas, Guastecs, Guaxtecas, Huaxtecs), Nahua nation, i., 617-44; ii., 133-629; location and name, i., 674; ii., 127; special mention, i., 638; ii., 114, 365; lang., ii., 500; iii., 759, 776-81; hist., v., 207-8, 239, 539; chap. xiii.

Huastepec, town, Mexico, ii., 575.

Huatiquimanes, Oajaca tribe, hist., v., 528.

Huatusco (Guatusco, Quauhtochco), Vera Cruz, antiq., ii., 417; iv., 439-45.

Huaves (Guavi, Huabes, Huabi, Huavi, Wabi), Nahua nation, i., 644-70; ii., 133-629; location, i., 645, 680; ii., 111-12; special mention, i., 647-8, 652, 658-9, 666, 668; ii., 379; lang., iii., 757-8; hist., v., 529-30, 532, 534.

Huaxteca, locality, Vera Cruz, i., 674.

Huaxtecs, i., 674, see Huastecs.

Huaxyacac, fortified city, Oajaca, i., 679; antiq., iv., 384; hist., v., 439, 444.

Hubo, Itza god, iii., 482.

Huchun, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Hudcoadans, tribe of Pueblos, i., 526-56; lang., iii., 685.

Hudson Bay, i., 29-30, 38, 62-3, 114, 143-4; lang., iii., 584.

Hudson Strait, i., 46, 50, 60, 63.

Huehuequauhtitlan, locality, Mexico, iii., 257.

Huehuetan, Chiapas, antiq., iv., 354; hist., v., 160, chap. xii.

Huehuetenango (Güegüetenango), locality, Guatemala, i., 787; antiq., iv., 128-30; hist., v., 555.

Huehuetenuxcatl, a Toltec leader, v., 284.

Huehueteotl, name for Xiuhtecutli, iii., 385.

Huehuetiliztli, Nahua age, ii., 505.

Huehuetl, Nahua drum, ii., 293.

Huehuetlan, province, Mexico, v., 346.

Huehue Tlapallan, ancient home of Toltecs and Chichimecs, ii., 504-5; iii., 270; v., 18, 209-20.

Huehuetoca (Huehuetocan), Mexico, antiq., iv., 549; hist., v., 242, 476.

Huehuetzin, a Chichimec leader, v., 272, 277, 282-6; lord of Huexotzinco, v., 437-8, 499.

Hueicolhuacan, v., 323, see Huey Culhuacan.

Hueicolhues, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 607.

Hueiteopixqui, Nahua priest, iii., 432.

Huejutla, city, Mexico, ii., 568; antiq., iv., 528-9.

Huemac, name for Quetzalcoatl, iii., 267, 283-4; Chichimec king, v., 220; identified with Tezcatlipoca and others, v., 259, 261-5, 484, 528.

Huemac II., (Atecpanecatl, Iztacquauhtzin, Tecpancaltzin, Yztaccaltzin), Toltec king, v., 267-86.

Huemac III., (Matlacxochitl), Toltec king, v., 286.

Hueman (Huematzin), a Toltec prophet, v., 211, 242-52.

Huenejel, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 458.

Hueneme, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Huenepel Ninyuelgual, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 458.

Huepaca, village, Sonora, i., 606.

Huetzalin, a Xochimilca chief, v., 309.

Huetzin (Huitzin), a Toltec king, v., 220, 250-6, 272-3; Acolhua prince, v., 303-5, 309, 316-19.

Huetzin II., lord of Coatlichan, v., 333.

Huexachtitlan, station, Aztec migration, v., 323.

Huexotla, a city of Mexico, ii., 441; hist., v., 319-20, 333-4, 373-4, 380, 392-5.

Huexotzinco, city, Mexico, ii., 112, 127, 142; hist., v., 307-10, 318, 426, 459-64, 483-507.

Hueycalpixques, Nahua officials, ii., 237.

Huey Culhuacan (Hueicolhuacan), station, Aztec migration, v., 323.

Hueymiccailhuitl, Nahua month, ii., 331, 510.

Hueyotlipan, fortified town, Tlascala, v., 503.

Hueypachtli, Nahua month, ii., 511.

Hueypuchtlan, station, Teo-Chichimec migration, v., 487.

Hueytecuilhuitl, Nahua month, ii., 326, 510.

Huey-Teopixqui, Nahua order of priests, ii., 202.

Hueytlato, province, Honduras, v., chap. xii.

Huey Tlatoani Chichimecatl Tecuhtli, Chichimec imperial title, v., 299.

Hueytozoztli (Veitozoztli), Nahua month, ii., 317, 509; iii., 421.

Hueyxalan, station, Toltec migration, v., 212.

Hueyxotzin, Tlascala, antiq., iv., 477.

Huey Zacatlan, iv., 354, see Ghowel.

Huichiapan, village, Mexico, i., 674.

Huicholas (Huitcoles), Central Mexican tribe, i., 617-44; special mention, i., 621; lang., iii., 719.

Huictli, Nahua shovel, ii., 348.

Huictlollinqui, Nahua god, v., 193.

Huietlaxcalli, species of corn cake, ii., 355.

Huijatoo, ii., 209, see Wiyatao.

Huililic (Huililoc), South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Huilocpalli, Nahua cake, ii., 312.

Huime, iii., 719, see Humes.

Huimen, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Huimolan, south boundary of Mexican empire, v., 473.

Huipil (Hipil, Guaipil, Vipilli), part of a woman's dress, i., 621, 650, 691; ii., 368-9.

Huirivis, village, Sonora, i., 608.

Huitcoles, iii., 719, see Huicholas.

Huites, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 609; lang., iii., 707.

Huitlapalan (Huitlapatlan), station, Toltec migration, v., 209, 214.

Huitz, a Toltec chief, v., 243.

Huitzilapan, locality, Puebla, i., 670; ii., 112; v., 242; name for Tlascala, v., 249.

Huitzilihuitl, Aztec king, v., 330-1, 340.

Huitzilihuitl II., king of Mexico, v., 361-6.

Huitzilin, a humming-bird, ii., 489.

Huitzilopochco, city, Mexico, ii., 562; iii., 307.

Huitzilopochtli (Huitzilopuchtli, Huitziloputzli, Huitzlipochtli, Ocelopuchtli, Uzilopuchtli, Vichilopuchitl, Vitziliputzli, Vitzilopuchtli, Vizilipuztli, Vizliputzli), Nahua god, ii., 144-7, 320-4, 328-9, 335, 337, 339, 395-6, 400, 559-60, 577-84, 605; iii., 187-8, 241, 247, 288-324, 427-8; iv., 512-14; v., 85, 89, 220, 324-7, 345-6, 500.

Huitziloxitl, medicinal plant, ii., 599.

Huitzin, v., 252, see Huetzin.

Huitzitlan, city, Mexico, ii., 560.

Huitziton (Huitzitoc), an Aztec leader, iii., 290-1, 304-6; v., 88, 306.

Huitzitzilaque, name for Tzintzuntzan, v., 516.

Huitzitzilin, a Toltec princess, v., 301.

Huitznahuac, city, Mexico, ii., 560; v., 253, 338, 404.

Huitznahuac-Teohuatzin, priestly title, ii., 202.

Huitznahuateocalli, a temple of Mexico, v., 409.

Huitzocteme, sacrificial stones, Tlascala, antiq., iv., 477.

Huitzquilocan (Huitzquilocal), station, Aztec migration, v., 324.

Huitzuahuacteohuatzin, Nahua priests, iii., 433.

Huixachtitlan, station, Aztec migration, v., 323-4.

Huixachtla, iii., 393, see Vixachtlan.

Huixa (Guixa) Lake, iii., 484; v., 609.

Huixapa, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Huixapapa, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Huixázo, locality, Oajaca, i., 679.

Huixtocihuatl, Nahua goddess, ii., 325-6.

Huixton, a Tepanec leader, v., 331.

Huixtopetlacotl, Nahua plume, ii., 325.

Huixtoti, Nahua sacrifice, ii., 326.

Huizaquen Tochin Tecuhtli, a Chichimec prince, v., 314-19.

Huizteco, Guerrero, antiq., iv., 424.

Hulanapos, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 451.

Hulmecas, i., 671, see Olmecs.

Humaliju, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Human sacrifice, Hyperboreans, iii., 143; Columbians, iii., 151; Mexicans, ii., 304-41, 394-7, 600-26, 704; iii., 61, 110-11, 265-460, passim; v., 205, 258-62, 268, 342-3, 346, 350, 394, 414, 440, 456, 463, 471, 478, 482, 497, 500-1; Central Americans, i., 723; ii., 688-708, 796, 799-800; iii., 52, 471-2, 482-98; v., chap. xi., xiii.

Humboldt Bay, i., 327, 332, 446; lang., iii., 639, 643.

Humboldt County, California, antiq., iv., 707.

Humboldt River, i., 462, 464, 466, 469.

Humes (Huime), North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 614; special mention, i., 575; lang., iii., 718.

Humetaha, suburb of Chiquix city, Guatemala, v., chap. xi.

Humming-bird, Nahua myth., iii., 67, 301-2, 304-5, 311-12, 404.

Humphrey Point, i., 47.

Hunab Ku, Maya god, iii., 462.

Hunac Eel, king of Mayapan, v., 625 et seq.

Huna Cows, i., 142, see Hoonids.

Hunahpu (Hun Ahpu), Quiché and Cakchiquel day, ii., 767; Quiché ruler and god, iii., 478-80; v., 174-184, 544-6, 560, 566, 578-9.

Hunahpu mountain, v., 569.

Hunahpu (Hun Ahpu) Utïu, Quiché god, iii., 474; v., 170, 182.

Hunahpu (Hun Ahpu) Vuch, Quiché god, iii., 474; v., 170.

Hunas, North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 443.

Hunavan, Guatemala god, iii., 74.

Hunbatz (Hun Batz), Quiché god, iii., 479; v., 174-80.

Hunca, town, Columbia, v., 24.

Huncahua, Muysca king, v., 24.

Hun Came, king of Xibalba, v., 175-80, 184.

Hunchbacks, in Nahua harem, ii., 183.

Hunchevan, Guatemala god, iii., 74.

Hun Chouen, Quiché god, iii., 479; v., 174-80.

Hunchunchan, Itza god, iii., 483.

Hunctu, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Hunhunahpu (Hunhun Ahpu), Quiché god, iii., 478-9; v., 174-5, 544.

Hunnas, i., 142, see Hoonids.

Huno Bix Gih, Quiché month, ii., 766.

Hunpictok, Yucatec temple, iii., 467; antiq., iv., 248.

Hunting, Hyperboreans, i., 56-7, 77-8, 91, 118, 123, 129, 135; Columbians, i., 153-4, 161-2, 263-4; Californians, i., 336-7, 373, 375-6, 405-6, 428; New Mexicans, i., 488, 490-2, 561, 576-7; Mexicans, i., 652; ii., 166, 335-6, 344, 350-2; iii., 403-6; Central Americans, i., 694, 720-1, 760; ii., 653, 691, 697-8, 708, 720-1.

Huntoh, Cakchiquel ruler and god, v., 549.

Huntzuy, Guatemala ruler and tribe, v., 563.

Hunyg, Cakchiquel ruler, v., 600.

Huocom, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 454.

Hurakan, Quiché god, iii., 45-6, 118, 134, 475-6; v., 171, 174.

Hurmal, name for Santa Rosa Island, i., 402.

Husbands, see Marriage.

Husistaic, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 458.

Husorones, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 609.

Hutatecas, Guatemala tribe, i., 686-711; location, i., 787; lang., iii., 760.

Huts, see Dwellings.

Hutucgna, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 460.

Huvagueres, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 607.

Hvitramannaland, name for North-east America, v., 113.

Hydahs, i., 292, see Haidahs.

Hydromel, as medicine, i., 588.

Hymeris, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 607.

Hyperboreans, one of the seven groups into which the natives of the Pacific states are divided, located along the Arctic seaboard, in Russian America, Alaska, and adjoining islands, and from Hudson's Bay to latitude 55°, including also the Aleutian Archipelago; subdivided into five families, the Eskimos, Koniagas, Aleuts, Thlinkeets, and Tinneh or Athabascas. Manners and customs of each described separately, i., 35-137; locations, divisions and tribal boundaries, i., 35-40, 137-149; myth., iii., 516-19; lang., iii., 562-3, 574-603; origin, v., 19.

Hyssop, Maya baptism, ii., 683-4.

I

Ialamma, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Ialamne, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Iamotamohuanichan, abode of Aztec Venus, iii., 377.

Iaotzin, iii., 199, see Tezcatlipoca.

I Bota, Cakchiquel month, ii., 766.

Ibueras (Ihueras), ancient name of Honduras, v., 214.

Ica, i., 603; iii., 687, see Ika.

Icauhtzin (Achcauhtzin, Icoatzin), Chichimec king, v., 220, 245.

Iccujenne, tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location, i., 474; lang., i., 594-602.

Ichapilli, Mexican dress, i., 620.

Ichcahuepilli, a cotton breast-piece, ii., 406.

Ichenta, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 454.

Ichmul, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 240.

Ichpaa, name for Mayapan, v., chap. xiii.

Ichpuchco, station, Aztec migration, v., 323.

Icoatzin, v., 245, see Icauhtzin.

Iconoclasm, ii., 170-1, 525-8, 768; iv., 281, 502.

Icpactepecs, Nahua nation, subjugated, v., 471.

Icpalli, Nahua stools, ii., 231.

Icuex, an Acolhua chief, v., 332, 335.

Icxicohuatl, a Chichimec-Toltec chief, v., 485.

Icxiuh, a Zutugil princess, v., 575-6.

Icxochitlanex, Culhua king, v., 320, 330.

Icxotl, palm-leaf, ii., 484.

Icy Cape (Eiscap), i., 138-9.

Idaho, i., 315, 322, 422, 460, 463; lang., iii., 631, 660; antiq., iv., 734.

Idakariúkes, North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 447.

Id-do-a, North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; lang., iii., 640.

Idibaes (Idibas), Isthmian tribe, i., 747-85; location, i., 797; special mention, i., 785.

Idols, Hyperboreans, i., 84-5; iii., 145-7; Columbians, i., 161, 185, 193; Californians, iii., 166-7; New Mexicans, i., 590; iii., 174; Mexicans, ii., 298-9, 318, 321, 329-31, 389, 391, 425, 428, 477, 482, 582-4, 605, 622; iii., 179, 196, 237-429 passim; antiq., iv., 346-600 passim; Central Americans, ii., 689-713, 750-1, 800; iii., 463, 482-3, 493; antiq., iv., 18, 39-58, 66, 70-3, 89-94, 100, 111-139, 167-8, 202-3, 515-20, 242-8, 263-5, 277; Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 782; Peru, antiq., iv., 805.

Iedocodamos, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Ieyxcohuatl, a Toltec chief, v., 229.

Ig, Quiché-Cakchiquel day, ii., 767.

Igh (Ygh), Tzendal day, ii., 767; a predecessor of Votan, v., 164, 605.

Iglesia Vieja, Guerrero, antiq., iv., 424.

Igloo (Eegloo, Iglo, Iglu, Iglut), Eskimo snow house, i., 54.

Ignatzio (Ihuatzio), Michoacan, antiq., iv., 569-70.

Iguanas, i., 577, 652, 743, 759; ii., 693, 701, 720.

Ihcil ixchel, Maya feast, ii., 697.

Ihuatzio, iv., 570, see Ignatzio.

Ihueras, v., 214, see Ibueras.

Ihuimatzal, name for Tochintecuhtli, v., 333.

Ihuitlan, village, Guerrero, i., 677.

Ik, Maya day and god, ii., 756, 760; iii., 482.

Ika (Ica), Lower Californian tribe, i., 556-71; location, i., 603; lang., iii., 687.

Ikánam, Chinook god, iii., 95, 155; v., 19.

Ikarucks, North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 447.

Ikomag, locality, Guatemala, v., 570.

Ilamatlan, locality, Mexico, i., 675.

Ilancueitl, Nahua first woman, iii., 60; Culhua queen, v., 223, 354-61.

Ilhuicamina, surname of Montezuma I., v., 408.

Ilhuicatepec, station, Aztec migration, v., 324.

Ilhuicatl, prince of Zumpango, v., 329.

Ilhuicatitlan, temple of Mexico, ii., 585.

Iligajakh (Ilgajack, Ilgajak) River, i., 140.

Ililluluks, tribe of Aleuts, i., 87-94; location, i., 141.

Illinois, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 766-7.

Ilocab, Guatemalan tribe, i., 686-711; location, i., 789; hist., v., 546-7, 549, 553-5, 560, 562, 571-3, 584, 589, 592.

Ilttekaïmamits, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 320.

Images, see Idols.

Imatacax, Nahua ornament, ii., 324.

Imatatohui, Tarasco month, ii., 521.

Immahah River, i., 317.

Imox (Mox), Quiché-Cakchiquel and Tzendal day, ii., 767; ancestor of Votan, v., 69, 164, 605.

Implements, Hyperborean, i., 58, 64, 79-80, 91, 119, 122-3, 130; Columbians, i., 164-5, 170, 179-81, 184, 187, 189-91, 193, 198, 211-14, 233-4, 270-1; antiq., iv., 739-40; Californians, i., 345, 381-2, 407-8, 434-5; antiq., iv., 692-4, 697-712, 714-15; New Mexicans, i., 500-2, 543-4, 563, 582, 590; antiq., iv., 635, 677-8; Mexicans, i., 629-30, 640, 656-7; ii., 300, 348, 351, 474-84, 614, 621-2; iii., 512-13; antiq., iv., 344-6, 373-6, 383, 414, 422-3, 431-2, 446-7, 451, 462-3, 520, 554-61, 577, 611-13; Central Americans, i., 697-8, 724, 744, 765-6, 780-3; ii., 700, 749-51, 799-800; antiq., iv., 18-23, 58-62, 96, 102-3, 237-8, 278; Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 778-9, 781-4; Peru, antiq., iv., 792-4.

Inajalaihu (Inajalayehua), South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Inapanames, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 613.

Inaspetsums, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 317.

Inbani, Tarasco calendar sign and day, ii., 521-2.

Inbeari, Tarasco day, ii., 522.

Incantations, see Sorcerers.

Incense, Nahuas, ii., 145, 256-60, 318, 322-3, 327, 340, 393, 573; iii., 331, 438 passim; Mayas, i., 697; ii., 668, 688, 690-7, 700-6, 720, 745, 799; iii., 486.

Incest, i., 81, 117, 388-9, 515; ii., 466, 659, 676.

Inchini, Tarasco day, ii., 522.

Inchon, Tarasco calendar-sign, ii., 521-2.

Incomecanétook, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 312.

Indehuni, Tarasco month, ii., 521.

Indiana, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 762-3.

Indian Gulch, California, antiq., iv., 707.

India-rubber, i., 639; ii., 298, 389, 393, 406, 599, 601, 719; iii., 333-4, 340.

Indigo, i., 694, 698.

Indios Blancos, i., 748, see Guatusos.

Inethaati, Tarasco day, ii., 522.

Inettuni, Tarasco day, ii., 522.

Infanticide, i., 169, 242, 279, 390, 413, 590, 714, 781-2.

Ingaliks (T'Kitskes), tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-37; location, i., 116, 133, 148; special mention, i., 63, 133; lang., iii., 590-1.

Inheritance, laws of, i., 545, 664, 700, 769-70; ii., 224-9, 651, 653, 664.

Iniabi, Tarasco day, ii., 522.

Inicebi, Tarasco day, ii., 522.

Inichini, Tarasco day, ii., 522.

Inixotzini, Tarasco day, ii., 522.

Inizcatolohui, Tarasco month, ii., 521.

Inkalichljuaten, tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-37; location, i., 148.

Inkalits, tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-37; lang., iii., 590-1.

Inland Columbian families, fifth division of the Columbians, comprising five of the nine families into which the Columbians are divided, and consisting of the Shushwaps, Kootenais, Okanagans, Salish, and Sahaptins, located between the Cascade Range and the eastern limit of the Pacific States, from latitude 52° 30' to 45°; manners and customs described together, i., 250-91; physique, i., 254-6; dress, i., 256-9; dwellings, i., 259-61; food, i., 261-7; personal habits, i., 267; weapons and war, i., 268-70; implements and manufactures, i., 270-1; boats, i., 271-2; property and trade, i., 272-4; art, i., 274-5; government and slavery, i., 275-6; marriage, women and children, i., 276-80; amusements, i., 280-2; miscellaneous customs, i., 282-5; medicine, i., 285-7; burial, i., 288-9; character, i., 289-91; location, divisions, and tribal boundaries, i., 250-4, 310-21; myth., iii., 153-5; lang., iii., 615-26.

Innoka River, i., 148.

Innuit, i., 40, see Eskimos.

Inodon, Tarasco calendar-sign, ii., 521-2.

Inoje, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Inpari, Tarasco day, ii., 522.

Inrini, Tarasco day, ii., 522.

Inscription Rock, New Mexico, antiq., iv., 648-50.

Insects, as food, etc., i., 153, 373-5, 405-6, 427, 430, 488, 560-1, 721; ii., 356; medicine, ii., 599, 601.

Insignia, i., 728, 753, 764; ii., 207, 403-4, 413-14, 419, 440, 614, 622, 646, 656, 741; iii., 433; v., 325.

Inspellums, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 312.

Intacaci, Tarasco month, ii., 521.

Intamohui, Tarasco month, ii., 521.

Intaniri, Tarasco day, ii., 522.

Intasiabire, Tarasco intercalary days, ii., 522.

Intaxihui, Tarasco month, ii., 521.

Intaxitohui, Tarasco month, ii., 521.

Intecamoni, Tarasco month, ii., 521.

Intechaqui, Tarasco month, ii., 521.

Intechotahui, Tarasco month, ii., 521.

Interment, see Burial.

Interunihi, Tarasco month, ii., 521.

Intestines, see Entrails.

Inteyabchitzin, Tarasco month, ii., 521.

Inthahui, Tarasco day, ii., 522.

Inthihui, Tarasco day, ii., 522.

Intiétooks, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 312.

Intihui, Tarasco calendar-sign, ii., 521.

Intoxication, see Drunkenness.

Intoxihui, Tarasco month, ii., 521.

Intzimbi, Tarasco day, ii., 522.

Intzini, Tarasco day, ii., 522.

Intzoniabi, Tarasco day, ii., 522.

Inuk, derivation of Innuit, i., 40.

Inundations, Mexico, hist., v., 453-4, 468.

Inxichari, Tarasco day, ii., 522.

Iolar, Mosquito year, i., 727.

Ionata, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Iooalliehecatl, Chichimec god, iii., 406.

Ipalnemoaloni (Ipalnemoan, Ipalnemohualoni), name of Tloque-Nahuaque, iii., 56, 183, 185-6.

Ipandes, iii., 594, see Lipanes.

Ipapana, Totonac dialect, iii., 777.

Ipec, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Ipinchuari, a Chichimec Wanacace chief, v., 518.

Iqi-Balam (Iquibalam), Quiché fourth man, iii., 47; god and king, v., 181, 552-6, 566, 584-5.

Iraghdadakh, Aleut creator, iii., 104.

Irimbo, Michoacan, antiq., iv., 571.

Irish, American origin traces, v., 121-2.

Iri Ticatame, a Chichimec Wanacace chief, v., 511-13.

Iron, i., 107, 164, 185, 341, 495; ii., 749; iv., 778, 794.

Iron-wood, bows of, i., 722.

Irrigation, i., 539; ii., 349, 718; antiq., iv., 619, 632, 635, 668-70, 676.

Irritilas, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 572, 612; lang., iii., 714.

Isalco, village, San Salvador, i., 791.

Isanthcagna, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 460.

Isapa, village, Guatemala, i., 789.

Ishcats, Aleutian baskets, i., 91.

Ishgua (Ishguaget), South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Ishquats, tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 295.

Isinglass, i., 271.

Isipopolames, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Isla del Cármen, i., 683.

Isle de Pierres (Linkinse), Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 316.

Isleta, Pueblo village and tribe, i., 526-56; location, i., 527, 600; lang., iii., 681.

Isleta of the South, Pueblo village, i., 599.

Ismuracan, Central Californian lang., iii., 653.

Ispipewhumaugh, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 317.

Istaguacan, village, Guatemala, i., 787.

Istatole, Guatemalan drink, i., 706.

Isthmians, one of the three families into which the wild tribes of Central America are divided; manners and customs of all its nations and tribes described together, i., 747-85; physique, i., 749-51; dress, i., 751-4; dwellings, i., 754-8; food, i., 758-60; personal habits, i., 760; weapons and war, i., 760-5; implements and manufactures, i., 765-7; boats and property, i., 767-8; art, i., 769; government, i., 769-71; slavery, i., 771-2; women and marriage, i., 772-4; amusements, i., 774-6; miscellaneous customs, i., 776-7; medicine, i., 778-80; burial, i., 780-4; character, i., 784-5; location of tribes, i., 794-7; myth., iii., 498-501, 543-4; v., 14; lang., iii., 572-3, 793-5.

Istlavacan, locality, Guatemala, iii., 482.

Itáes, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Italapas, Chinook god, iii., 95, 155.

Itaywiy, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 460.

Itch, i., 86; iii., 415.

Ithkyemamits, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 317.

Itlachia, an idol ornament, iii., 238.

Ittege River, i., 148.

Ituc, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Ituchas, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 455.

Itukemuk, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 460.

Iturbide, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 252.

Itwha, Salish food, i., 265.

Itz, ii., 767, see Yiz.

Itza Lake, Guatemala, antiq., iv., 133.

Itzalane, city, Yucatan, iv., 151.

Itzamat Ul, Maya god, iii., 465.

Itzaob, Chichen rulers, v., 225; also name for Itzas, v., chap. xiii.

Itzaquauh, a Chichimec chief, v., 293.

Itzas (Yzaes), Maya nation, i., 644-70; ii., 630-803; location and name, i., 683; ii., 119-20, 127; special mention, i., 707, 709-10; ii., 633-6, 647, 657, 674, 680, 718, 723, 726, 733, 741, 743, 750, 768, 800; myth., iii., 482-3; hist., v., chap. xiii.

Itzbachaa, Tarasco month, ii., 521.

Itzcalli (Izcalli), Nahua month, ii., 338, 509; iii., 109.

Itzcayotilmatli, Nahua court dress, ii., 374.

Itzcoatl, a Mexican commander, v., 362; king of Mexico, v., 389-408.

Itzcohuatl, a Mexican lord, v., 501.

Itzcuintepec, city, Mexico, v., 463.

Itzcuintlan, locality, San Salvador, i., 790; v., 607.

Itzcuintli (Yzcuintli), Nahua day, ii., 512, 516-17.

Itziles, Mosquito tribe, i., 711-47; location, i., 713.

Itzlaquetlaloca, locality, Mexico, v., 472.

Itzmal Ul, name for Izamal, v., chap. xiii.

Itzmitl (Ixmitl), Acolhua chief, v., 303-4.

Itzqueye, Pipile goddess, ii., 706-7; iii., 484.

Itztitlan, city, Mexico, v., 463.

Itzucan, locality, Vera Cruz, i., 671; v., 202.

Ivory, i., 48, 59, 63, 165, 403.

Ix (Gix, Hix), Maya day and calendar sign, ii., 755-6, 760-1; Yucatec divinity, iii., 122.

Ixazalvoh (Ixazaluoh), Maya goddess, ii., 752; iii., 462-3.

Ixcanleox, Maya goddess, iii., 463.

Ixcateopan, city, Mexico, v., 412.

Ixcatlan, town, Oajaca, ii., 261.

Ixcax, a Toltec chief, v., 297.

Ixcazozolot, v., 317, see Yacanex.

Ixchel, Maya goddess, ii., 678, 697.

Ixcontzin, lord of Iztapalocan, v., 374.

Ixcotl, palm-fibre, ii., 369.

Ixcozauhqui, name of Xiuhtecutli, iii., 385.

Ixcuina, name of Tlazoltecotl, iii., 377.

Ixcuinames, Nahua religious sect, v., 282.

Ixil, Guatemalan lang., iii., 760.

Iximché (Patinamit, Tecpan Guatemala), city, Guatemala, i., 789; ii., 121, 637, 790; antiq., iv., 121-3; hist., v., 556, 570, 593, 595, 598, 601-2.

Ixliuechahuexe, v., 250, see Ixtlilcuechahuac.

Ixmitl, v., 304, see Itzmitl.

Ixmixuch (Yhuixoch, Yhyozochtl), a Toltec princess, v., 299.

Ixmol, Maya priestess, ii., 701.

Ixnacan Katun, Maya priest's title, ii., 647.

Ixnextlacuilolli, Nahua court dress, ii., 374.

Ixteocale, Nahua title, ii., 324.

Ixtlahuaca, locality, Mexico, i., 674.

Ixtlahuacan, village, Zacatecas, i., 672.

Ixtle, Mexican fibre, i., 657-8.

Ixtlilcuechahuac (Aixtilcuechahuac, Ixliuechahuexe, Ixtlilcuechanac, Tlachinotzin, Tlalchinoltzin, Tlaltecatl, Tlaltecatl Huetzin, Tlilquechahuac, Tlilque Chaocatlahinoltzin, Tzacatcatl, Tzacatecatl), Toltec king, v., 250.

Ixtlilton, iii., 409, see Yxtliton.

Ixtlilxochitl, Chichimec king, ii., 609; v., 351-3, 359-79; Chichimec prince, v., 451, 474-7.

Iyacatecuhtli (Iyacacoliuhqui, Iyacatecutli, Jacacoliuhqui, Jacateuctli, Yiacatecuhtli, Yacacoliuhqui, Yacatecutli, Yiacatecutli), Nahua god, ii., 328, 389, 491; iii., 416.

Izalcos, town, San Salvador, iii., 760.

Izamal, city, Yucatan, ii., 647; antiq., iv., 246-7, 266, 271; hist., v., 224, chap. xiii.

Izcal, Cakchiquel month, ii., 766.

Izcohuatl, Teo-Chichimec chief, v., 490.

Izhuatl, species of palm-leaf, ii., 484.

Izmachi, city, Guatemala, v., 559-60, 564, 571-3, 576, 578.

Izmatletlopac, lord of Cuitlahuac, v., 349.

Izona, Maya god, iii., 462.

Izpapalotl, Nahua chief, v., 242.

Iztacacenteotl, name of Centeotl, ii., 340; iii., 350.

Iztacalco, city, Mexico, ii., 560; v., 345.

Iztacmaxtitlan, city, Mexico, ii., 417.

Iztacmixcoatl (Iztac Mixcoatl, Iztac Mixcohuatl, Iztacmixcuatl), Nahua first man, iii., 60, 249; Nahua god, iii., 268, 403; founder of Nahua nation, v., 223, 527.

Iztacquauhtzin, v., 267, see Huemac II.

Iztactlalocan, city, north-east Mexico, v., 472.

Iztamatzin (Iztamantzin), v., 495, see Iztantzin.

Iztantzin (Iztamantzin, Iztamatzin, Yztacima), high priest of Cholula, v., 495.

Iztapalapan, city, Mexico, ii., 167, 567, 575.

Iztapalocan, city, Mexico, v., 372-3.

Iztaquauhtzin, lord of the Mazahuas, v., 349.

Iztauhiatl, medicinal herb, ii., 325.

Iztayub, Quiché king, v., 566.

Iztayul I., Quiché king, v., 560, 566, 571, 574-6, 581, chap. xiii.

Iztayul II., Quiché king, v., 583-4.

Iztayul III., Quiché king, v., 594.

Izticpatli, Nahua medicine, ii., 599.

Iztlahuacan, town, Guatemala, i., 787.

Iztli, see Obsidian.

Izucan, city, Mexico, ii., 416.

J

Jacacoliuhqui, iii., 416, see Iyacatecuhtli.

Jacala, Mexico, antiq., iv., 549.

Jacateuctli, iii., 416, see Iyacatecuhtli.

Jackap, Nez Percés, food, i., 265.

Jackson, California, antiq., iv., 707.

Jacote, species of fruit, ii., 724.

Jaguar, Nahua coat of arms, ii., 160; medicine, ii., 600.

Jails, ii., 453-4, 657.

Jaímamares, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Jakons, i., 307, see Yakones.

Jalal, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 253.

Jalalog, locality, Oajaca, i., 681.

Jalancingo, Vera Cruz, antiq., iv., 451-2.

Jalap, i., 631; ii., 599.

Jalapa, town, Vera Cruz, i., 643; antiq., iv., 436; hist., v., 530.

Jalcheduns, iii., 684, see Yalchedunes.

Jalisco (Yalisco), tribes described, i., 617-44; ii., 133-629; special mention, i., 618, 622, 625, 631, 643; ii., 411, 625, 629; myth., iii., 447-8; lang., iii., 667, 717-19; antiq., iv., 572-7; hist., v., 222, 323, 349, 509.

Jalliquamai (Jallicuamais), Cajuenche dialect, iii., 685-6.

Jalostotitlan, village, Zacatecas, i., 672.

Jamajabs, iii., 684, see Yamajabs.

Jamalteca, Honduras, antiq., iv., 71.

Jamiltepéc, village, Oajaca, i., 678, 681.

Janambre, Tamaulipas, lang., iii., 744.

Janaya, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Janogualpa, Moqui village, i., 528.

Jaotlalli, ii., 425, see Yauhtlalli.

Japan current, i., 38.

Japanese, lang., similarities, iii., 647; American origin-traces, v., 51-4.

Japiams, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 449.

Jappayon, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 454.

Jarames, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 612.

Jaras, tribe of Mosquitos, i., 711-47; location, i., 713; lang., iii., 783.

Jaredites, America peopled by, v., 97.

Jargon, Chinook lang., iii., 631-4.

Jarquin, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Jars, i., 434, 500, 697-8, 724; see also Vases.

Jasper, ii., 161, 173, 557, 750.

Jasper House, locality, Rocky Mountains, i., 310.

Jaundice, remedy, i., 743.

Javelins, see Darts.

Jeachtacs, tribe of Sound Indians, i., 208-22; location, i., 301.

Jealousy, i., 65, 168-9, 218, 351, 388; ii., 381, 628, 803.

Jefferson County, Colorado, antiq., iv., 717-18.

Jemez (Jemes), Pueblo tribe and village, i., 526-56; location, i., 599, 600; special mention, i., 527, 537, 550-1; lang., iii., 681-3.

Jervis Inlet, i., 298.

Jesters, Nahuas, ii., 177, 286, 289.

Jetans, i., 473, see Comanches.

Jewelry, i., 768; ii., 363, 475-7, 619, 750.

Jews, American origin-traces, i., 18; v., 77-102, chap. xiii.

Jews-harp, Mosquito music, i., 738.

Jiboa, San Salvador, antiq., iv., 69.

Jicarillas (Jicorillas), i., 490, see Xicarillas.

Jiloltepec (Xilotepec, Xilotepeque), village, Guatemala, i., 673, 787.

Jiquilite, Mosquito dye, i., 724.

Jiquilpan, Michoacan, antiq., iv., 571.

Jiutemal, v., 577, see Xiuhtemal.

Jlaacs (Slacus), South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 458.

J'lorida Mountain, i., 595.

Joaltecutli, Nahua god, iii., 112.

Jobas, i., 606, see Jovas.

Jocoatole, Guatemalan drink, i., 706.

Johamares, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

John Day Rivers, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 320.

John Day River, i., 254, 319-20.

Johnson Strait, i., 176, 194, 296-7.

Jongoapi, i., 601, see Xongopavi.

Jopes, i., 677, see Tlapanecs.

Joquizará, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Jorse, Vera Cruz, antiq., iv., 451.

Josquigard, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Jovas (Jobas, Ovas), North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 572, 606; special mention, i., 578, 582; lang., iii., 699.

Jualpi, i., 601, see Gualpi.

Juan de Fuca Strait, i., 222, 296, 302; iii., 613.

Jubuganti River, i., 796.

Juchium, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Judges, Nahuas, ii., 384-5, 434-9, 442-6; Mayas, ii., 642, 655.

Jugelnuten, tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-37; location, i., 148.

Jug-jak, Koniaga god, i., 85.

Juigalpa, Nicaragua, antiq., iv., 33-4, 58, 61.

Juiup, Quiché god, iii., 482.

Jukchana (Junnaka, Junna) River, i., 147.

Julime, North Mexican lang., iii., 714.

Julimeños, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 612.

Jumes, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Junaka, i., 147, see Jukchana.

Junakachotana (Junnachotana), tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-37; location, i., 147-8.

Junatca, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Juniamuc, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Junin, Peru, antiq., iv., 804.

Junna, i., 147, see Jukchana.

Junnachotana, i., 148, see Junakachotana.

Juntas, see Cerro de las Juntas.

Jupes (Tupes), tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location, i., 473.

Juquila, locality, Oajaca, i., 680.

Juris, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

K

Kaadgettees, tribe of Thlinkeets, i., 94-114; location, i., 143.

Kaaskquatees, tribe of Thlinkeets, i., 94-114; location, i., 143.

Kabah, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 204-10, 271-6.

Kab-ul, Maya symbol, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 248.

Kace, i., 340, see Kice.

Kachiquels, i., 788, see Cakchiquels.

Kachisupal, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Kachuma, i., 459, see Aketsum.

Kachumas, i., 458, see Chumas.

Kadakamans, Lower Californian tribe, i., 556-71; location, i., 603.

Kadiak (Kadjak, Kadyak, Kodiak) Island, i., 69-71; iii., 104.

Kadiaks, see Koniagas.

Kaeyah Khatana, name for Ingaliks, i., 133.

Kagataya Koung'ns (Kagataia-kung'n), name for Aleuts, i., 87.

Kahnyak, i., 306, see Cooniacs.

Kahruks, i., 327, see Cahrocs.

Kahsowahs, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 457.

Kahtai, tribe of Sound Indians, i., 208-22; location, i., 302.

Kahunkles, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 307.

Kahweyahs, (Kahweahs), i., 456-7; iii., 651; see Cahuillos.

Kaigan Harbor, i., 293.

Kaiganies (Kaiganees, Kaigáni, Kaigany, Kegarnie, Kigarnies, Kigarnee, Kygànies, Kygargeys, Kygarneys, Kygàni, Kygarnies), tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 155, 292-3; special mention, i., 157, 164-5, 173-4; lang., iii., 604-5.

Kailtas, North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 445; special mention, i., 335, 348-9; myth., iii., 133-4, 524; lang., iii., 643.

Kainamares (Kainamas, Kainameahs), i., 386, 449, see Kanimares.

Kaipetl, village, North California, i., 444.

Kaiyak, i., 61, see Kyak.

Kaiyuhkatana, name for Ingaliks, i., 148.

Kaiyuh Mountains, i., 148.

Kajak, i., 61, see Kyak.

Kajatschims, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 449.

Kakas (Kakes, Kakus), tribe of Thlinkeets, i., 94-114; location, i., 96, 143; lang., iii., 579.

Kak Upacat, Uxmal ruler and god, v., chap. xiii.

Kalapooiah (Kalapooyah, Kalapuya), i., 223, 249, 309, see Calapooyas.

Kalechinskojes, tribe of Aleuts, i., 87-94; location, i., 141.

Kalicknateck, Trinity River Indian god, iii., 176.

Kaliouches, tribe of Sound Indians, i., 208-22; location, i., 303.

Kalispelm Lake, i., 313.

Kalispelms (Kalispels), i., 276, 313, see Pend d'Oreilles.

Kaljush (Kaluga, Kalusch, Koliugi, Koljush, Kolosch, Kolosh, Koloshians), Kolush, name for Thlinkeets, i., 95.

Kamash (Kamas, Kamass), i., 265, see Camass.

Kamloops, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 311; special mention, i., 290.

Kamloops Lake, iii., 613.

Kamucu, Quiché song, iii., 52.

Kamulas, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Kan, Maya day and calendar sign, ii., 755-6, 760-1.

Kanagist, i., 69, see Koniagas.

Kanal Acantun, Maya god, ii., 703.

Kancune Island, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 260.

Kangjulit, Koniaga dialect, iii., 576.

Kangmali Innuits (Kangmali Innuins), tribe of Eskimos, i., 40-69; location, i., 42, 138.

Kaniag, Innuit name, i., 69.

Kanil, Guatemalan god, iii., 482.

Kanimares (Kainamares, Kainameahs, Kannimares, Kyanamaras), Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 362, 449; special mention, i., 386, 398.

Kanisky, i., 149, see Kenai.

Kankin, Maya month, ii., 757-8.

Kansas, i., 592.

Kanté, a Maya litter, ii., 702.

Kantunile, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 237.

Kanugh, iii., 149, see Khanukh.

Kanu Uayeyab, Maya idol, ii., 702.

Kaons, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 307.

Kaouais, i., 307, see Kowais.

Kaoulis, i., 310, see Cowlitz.

Kaquaith, tribe of Sound Indians, i., 208-22; location, i., 302.

Karquines (Carquin), Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 363, 452-3; lang., iii., 650.

Karquines Straits, i., 363, 452.

Karweewee (Artsmilsh), tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 305.

Kaseks, Koniaga sorcerers, i., 85.

Kashim, i., 66, see Casine.

Kassaaus, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 293.

Kassima River, i., 450.

Kataghayekiki, name for natives of Unimak and Alaska, i., 87.

Katahuac, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Kathlaportles (Katlaportles), i., 306, see Cathlapootles.

Katlagakya, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 306.

Katlámat, i., 304, see Cathlamets.

Katlaminimims, i., 306, see Cathlanamenamens.

Katlawewalla, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 309.

Katlawotsetts (Kiliwatshats), tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 308.

Katlendarucas (Katlendarukas), Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 455; lang., ii., 653.

Katun, Maya cycle, ii., 761-2; iv., 274.

Kauwehs, North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 444.

Kaviak Peninsula, i., 37, 141.

Kaviaks (Kaveaks), tribe of Koniagas, i., 69-87; location, i., 70, 141; special mention, i., 73, 81.

Kawcho Dinneh (Hare Ind.), tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-37; location, i., 144; special mention, i., 121, 136; lang., iii., 585.

Kawitchen (Kawitchin, Kawitshin), i., 296, 299, see Cowichin.

Kawwelth, i., 292, see Kowwelth.

Kayab, Maya month, ii., 757-8.

Kayouse (Kayuse), i., 319, see Cayuse.

Kechi, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 458; lang., iii., 660, 674-9.

Keeches (Keechis), tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 293.

Keechumakarlo (Keechumakailo), tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 294.

Keekheatla (Keetheatla), tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 294.

Keelalles, Chinook doctors, iii., 156.

Keenathtoix, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 293.

Keesarn, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 292.

Keethratlah, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 293.

Keewuck, Haidah paradise, iii., 520.

Keewuckkow, Haidah chief paradise, iii., 520.

Keeyeks, Thlinkeet spirits of warriors, iii., 148, 516.

Kegarnie, i., 293, see Kaiganie.

Kellespems, i., 314, see Pend d'Oreilles.

Kelp, see Sea-weed.

Kelsey River, i., 399.

Kelussuyas, i., 304, see Calapooyas.

Kelutsah (Ketutsah), tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 293.

Kenai (Kanisky, Kenai-tena, Kenaize, Kenaizi, Kenayzi, Kinai, Thnaina, Tnaina Ttynai), tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-37; location, i., 114, 116, 147, 149; special mention, i., 132-4; myth., iii., 517; lang., iii., 584, 588-91.

Kenai Peninsula, i., 116, 139, 147, 149.

Kenaizi (Kenayzi), i., 139, 149, see Kenai.

Kenchen Kieg, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 293.

Kentucky, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 767, 776.

Keralit, i., 41, see Eskimos.

Keres (Queres), tribe of Pueblos, i., 526-56; special mention, i., 529, 551-2; lang., iii., 600, 673, 681-3.

Kerne Island, v., 66.

Kern River, i., 455-6.

Kern Valley, lang., iii., 651.

Kesmali, California, antiq., iv., 692.

Kespriano Island, i., 143.

Ketandou, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 293.

Ketlakaniaks, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 306.

Ketlane, i., 293, see Kitlan.

Ketoonokshelk, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 293.

Kettle Falls, i., 252, 314, see Chaudières.

Ketutsah, i., 293, see Kelutsah.

Ketwilkcipa, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 293.

Kewaughtchenunaughs, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 312.

Kewaughtohenemachs, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 316.

Kewick, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 218.

Keyataigmutes, (Kijataigmjuten, Kijataigmüten, Kijataigmutes, Kijaten), tribe of Koniagas, i., 69-87; location, i., 70, 140.

Khalalons, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Khanukh (Kanugh), Thlinkeet god, iii., 101, 145-6, 149.

Khoulpouni, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Kialarnes, locality, North-east coast, America, v., 109.

Kicab, v., 595, see Quicab.

Kicab Tanub, v., 566, see Quicab Tanub.

Kice (Kace), North Californian food, i., 340.

Kichtak (Kightak, Kikchtak), name for Kadiak, i., 69.

Kicksatees, tribe of Thlinkeets, i., 94-114; location, i., 143.

Kickuallis, tribe of Sound Indians, i., 208-22; location, i., 300.

Kickuallis River, i., 300.

Kidnapping, laws against, ii., 459-60, 650-1, 659.

Kigarnees (Kigarnies), i., 293, see Kaiganies.

Kighigusi, name for Akutans, i., 87.

Kightak, i., 69, see Kichtak.

Kij, Quiché god, iii., 482.

Kijataigmjuten (Kijataigmüten, Kijataigmutes, Kijaten), i., 140, see Keyataigmutes.

Kik, resin, ii., 701.

Kikchtak, i., 69, see Kichtak.

Kikiallis, tribe of Sound Indians, i., 208-22; location, i., 300.

Kikiallis River, i., 300.

Kilcatah, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 294.

Kiliwatsals, i., 307, see Killawats.

Kiliwatshats, i., 308, see Katlawotsetts.

Killamooks (Callemax, Callemeux, Callimix, Kilamooks, Kilamukes, Killamucks, Killamuks, Killimous, Killimux, Killymucks, Nsietshawus, Tillamooks), tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 223, 304, 307; special mention, i., 237-8, 250; lang., iii., 618, 626.

Killawats (Kiliwatsals), tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 307.

Killaxthocles, tribe of Sound Indians, i., 208-22; location, i., 303.

Killimous (Killimux), i., 223, 304; iii., 618, 626, see Killamooks.

Killsmaht (Kilsamat), tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 295.

Killuspehn River, i., 311, see Pend d'Oreille River.

Killymucks, i., 250, see Killamooks.

Kilsamat, i., 295, see Killsmaht.

Kimmooenims, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 317.

Kin, Maya day, ii., 755.

Kinakanes, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 312.

Kinaroalax, i., 294, see Kinawalax.

Kinawalax (Kinaroalax), tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 293-4.

Kincaid Flat, California, antiq., iv., 699-700.

Kinehahau, name of Hunab Ku, iii., 462; Maya royal title, v., 630.

Kingiktorsoak Island, Greenland, antiq., v., 114.

Kings, Nahuas, ii., 133-85, 265-6, 322, 373-7, 441, 471-2, 603-14, 619-22; v., 244-536; Mayas, ii., 631-42, 727-8, 788-90, 800-1; v., 172-188, 540-602.

King's River, i., 363, 455-6; lang., iii., 651.

Kingsborough's Pyramid, at Uxmal, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 192.

Kinich-Ahau-Ytzamná, name for Cinchau Yzamna, ii., 696.

Kinich Kakmo, Maya idol, iii., 464; antiq., iv., 248; hero and god, v., 621.

Kinikkinik (Kinnik-kinnik), substitute for tobacco, i., 354, 437-8.

Kinkipar, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 460.

Kinklas, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 450; lang., iii., 650.

Ki Pomos, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 362, 448.

Kipunaiak (Kipunajakh) River, i., 140.

Kishawin, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 292.

Kisheys (Kis Kies, Kiskys), Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 450; lang., iii., 649.

Kishishai, Apache corn-planter, i., 501.

Kishtsamah (Chacha), Okanagan evil spirit, iii., 153, 519.

Kishunak (Kishunakh, Kyschunack) River, i., 140.

Kispachalaidy, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 293.

Kisshick Lake, i., 147.

Kitahon, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 293.

Kitatels, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 294.

Kitchaclaith, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 293.

Kitegues, i., 138, see Kittegarutes.

Kithateen, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 293.

Kitlan (Ketlane), tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 293.

Kitlope, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 294.

Kitsagas, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 294.

Kitsalas, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 294.

Kitsiguchs, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 294.

Kitspayuchs, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 294.

Kitswingahs, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 294.

Kitswinscolds, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 174, 294; special mention, i., 174.

Kittamaat (Kittamuat), tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 294.

Kittears, tribe of Eskimos, i., 40-69; location, i., 138.

Kittegarutes (Kitegues), tribe of Eskimos, i., 40-69; location, i., 49, 138.

Kitunaha, i., 311, see Kootenais.

Kitwillcoits, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 293.

Kiwomi, Queres dialect, iii., 682.

Kizh, South California, lang., iii., 660, 674-8.

Klackamas, i., 310, see Clackamas.

Klahars, tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 295.

Klahohquahts, i., 295, see Clayoquots.

Klahosahts (Klaizzahts, Klaizzarts), tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 295; special mention, i., 178, 207; lang., iii., 609.

Klahous, i., 298, see Clahoose.

Klaizzahts (Klaizzarts), i., 178; iii., 609; see Klahosahts.

Klakalamas, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 306.

Klakhelnks, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 306.

Klamacs, i., 444, see Klamaths.

Klamath Lake, i., 327-9.

Klamath Mts., i., 327.

Klamath River, i., 327, 444-7.

Klamaths (Clamet, Klameth, Lutuamis, Tlamaths, Tlamatl), North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; location and name, i., 327, 444; special mention, i., 330, 333-4, 337-40, 342, 344-51, 357, 361; lang., iii., 639-42.

Klaooquates (Kla-os-quates), i., 207, 295-6, see Clayoquots.

Klatskanai, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 305.

Klatskanai River, i., 305.

Klayquoits, i., 296, see Clayoquots.

Kliavakans, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 293.

Kliketats (Clickahuts, Clickitats, Klicatats, Klickatacks, Klickatats, Klikatats, Klikitats, Whulwhypums), Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location and name, i., 253-4, 305, 321; special mention, i., 227, 255-60, 265, 271, 273-4, 277, 280, 287, 289-90; lang., iii., 620-4.

Klinkits, iii., 149, see Thlinkeets.

Kluckhaitkwee, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 312.

Klues (Cloos), tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 292.

Klusquis, a reed, i., 261.

Knight's Ferry, California, antiq., iv., 707.

Knitting, Pueblos, i., 544.

Knives, Hyperboreans, i., 59, 80, 90, 104-5; Columbians, i., 235, 268; Californians, i., 345, 378, 408, 434; New Mexicans, i., 563; Mexicans, i., 655; ii., 313, 479-80; iii., 58, 179; iv., 556-8; Central Americans, i., 765; ii., 743, 750; iii., 488.

Kodiak, i., 139, see Kadiak.

Koetenais, i., 251, see Kootenais.

Kogholaghi, name for Unalaskans, i., 87.

Kokwaiytoch, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 294.

Koliugi (Koljush, Kolosch, Kolosches, Koloshians, Kolush), i., 94-5, 142, see Kaljush.

Koltshanes (Koltschanes, Koltschanen), tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-37; location, i., 116, 148; special mention, i., 61, 134; lang., iii., 591.

Komux, i., 175, see Comux.

Konägen, Kadiak dress, i., 73.

Konah, Inland tribes, food, i., 265.

Konekonep, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 312.

Koniagan Archipelago, i., 37-8, 70.

Koniagas, one of the five families into which the Hyperboreans are divided; manners and customs of all its nations and tribes described together, i., 69-87; physique, i., 71-2; dress, i., 72-4; dwellings, i., 74-5; food, i., 75-9; boats, weapons, i., 79; implements and manufactures, i., 79-80; government and slavery, i., 80-1; women and marriage, i., 81-3; amusements, i., 84-5; medicine, i., 85-6; mourning and burial, i., 86; character, i., 86-7; location, i., 37, 69-71, 139-41; myth., iii., 104, 122, 143; lang., iii., 575-8.

Koniagas (Konægi, Koniagi, Konjagen), tribe of Koniagas, i., 69-87; location, i., 70, 139; special mention, i., 72, 75-6, 81, 383.

Konnichtchates, tribe of Sound Indians, i., 208-22; location, i., 303.

Koo-cha-koo-chin, iii., 586, see Kutcha Kutchin.

Kookatee, tribe of Thlinkeets, i., 94-114; location, i., 143.

Kooskooskia (Kooskooskee, Kooskooskie) River, i., 317.

Kootanais (Kootanie) River, i., 264, 311.

Kootenais (Cottonois, Coutanies, Flatbows, Kitunahas, Kootanies, Kootonais, Kootonays, Kootoonais, Koutanies, Kutanàe, Kútani, Kutnehas), Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 151, 251-2, 311; special mention, i., 254-5, 261, 264-5, 267-8, 272-3, 278, 290-1; lang., iii., 619-20.

Kootonie Fort, Washington, i., 311.

Kootsuck, Nootka dress, i., 182.

Korekins, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 454.

Koschhiginskojes, tribe of Aleuts, i., 87-94; location, i., 141.

Kosetahs, North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 447.

Koskiemos (Koskeemos, Kuskema), tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 295-6.

Kosmitas (Kosmiti), Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Kot-à-Kutchins, i., 147, see Kutcha Kutchins.

Kotzebue Sound, i., 37-70, 138-9, 141; iii., 576.

Koumchaouas, i., 292, see Cumshewas.

Koutanies, i., 311, see Kootenais.

Kowais (Kaouais), tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 307.

Kowanga, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Kowitchan, i., 175, see Cowichin.

Kowooses (Cooses), North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 442.

Kowwelth (Kawwelth), tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 292.

Koyukuk River, i., 133.

Kuantlun, i., 297, see Kwantlum.

Kublai Khan, Mongol emperor, v., 44.

Kuepak, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 212.

Kugans, Aleut spirits, iii., 144.

Kuimuchquitoch, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 294.

Kujaki, Koniaga shields, i., 79.

Kukhnyak, i., 306, see Cooniacs.

Kukuth-Kutchin, tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-37; location, i., 147.

Kulahuasa, i., 459, see Calahuassa.

Kulanapo, Central Californian lang., iii., 643-7.

Kullas-Palus, i., 314, see Pend d'Oreilles.

Kullespelm, i., 313, see Pend d'Oreilles.

Kumcutes, tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 296.

Kuprianoff (Kuprinoff) Island, i., 143.

Kuro Siwo, name for the Japan current, v., 52.

Kuschkukchwakmüten (Kusckockwagemuten, Kuskokwigmjuten, Kuskokwimen, Kuskutchecook), i., 70, see Kuskoquigmutes.

Kushkish, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 449.

Kusil, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Kusi-Utahs, tribe of Shoshones, i., 422-42; special mention, i., 440; lang., iii., 662.

Kuskema, i., 296, see Koskiemo.

Kuskokwigmjuten (Kuskokwigmutes), i., 77, 140, see Kuskoquigmutes.

Kuskoquigmutes (Kuskokwigmjuten, Kuskokwimen, Kusckockwagemuten, Kuschkukchwakmüten, Kuskoquim, Kuskutchewak, Kuskwogmuts), tribe of Koniagas, i., 69-87; location, i., 70, 140; special mention, i., 71-3, 75, 77, 80; lang., iii., 576, 580, 589.

Kuskoquim Bay, i., 140.

Kuskoquim River, (Kuskokwim, Kuskokwina), i., 70, 116, 140, 148.

Kutanàe (Kútani), i., 311, see Kootenais.

Kutcha Kutchins (Kutsha Kutshi, Koo-cha-koo-chin, Kot-à-Kutchin), tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-37; location, i., 115, 147; lang., iii., 586.

Kutchins (Kutshins), tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-37; location, i., 114-15, 146; special mention, i., 63, 127-32, 137; lang., iii., 584, 586-8.

Kutnehas, i., 311, see Kootenais.

Kutzghatushl, Thlinkeet mythical bird, iii., 99.

Kuwichpackmüten, i., 140, see Kwichpagmutes.

Kuwichpack, i., 140, see Kwichpak.

Kuyam (Cuyama), South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Kwalhioqua, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 305; lang., iii., 592.

Kwantlums (Kuantlun), tribe of Nootkas., i., 174-208; location, i., 175, 297.

Kwenaiwitl (Kwaiantl, Quinayat), tribe of Sound Indians, i., 208-22; location, i., 303.

Kwichluagmutes (Kwichljuagmjuten), tribe of Koniagas, i., 70-87; location, i., 70, 140-1.

Kwichluak (Kwichljuakh, Kwichluwack) River, i., 140-1.

Kwichpagmutes (Kwichpagmjuten, Kwichpak-meuts, Kuwichpackmüten, Kwygyschpainagmjuts), tribe of Koniagas, i., 70-87; location, i., 70, 140; lang., iii., 576.

Kwichpak (Kuwichpack, Kwickpakh, Kwikhpak), River, i., 70, 140-1.

Kyak (Kaiyak, Kajak), Alaskan boat, i., 60.

Kyanamaras, i., 449, see Kanimares.

Kycucuts, tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 296.

Kyganies (Kygáni, Kygany, Kygargeys, Kygarneys, Kygarnies), i., 174, 292-3, see Kaiganies.

Kyohquaht, i., 295, see Kyuquot.

Kyoose (Kyoots), i., 254, 273, see Cayuse.

Kyro Island, i., 143.

Kyschunack, i., 140, see Kishunak.

Kyuquots (Cayuquets, Kyohquaht, Kyuquets), tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 295.

L

Labassas, i., 294, see Lebassas.

Labná, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 211, 215-17; hist., v., 632.

Labphak (Labpak), Yucatan, antiq., iv., 249-52.

Labranza, Honduras, antiq., iv., 70.

La Breña, Durango, antiq., iv., 600-1.

Labyrinth, Arizona, antiq., iv., 639.

Lacandon Mountains, v., 623.

Lacandones, Maya nation, i., 686-711; ii., 630-803; location, i., 645, 687, 786-7; special mention, i., 693, 695-703, 705, 707-8, 710; ii., 739, 751, 785, 803; myth., iii., 484; lang., iii., 761.

Lacayamu, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Lachea, name of Zapotec country, i., 679.

Lachixila, locality, Oajaca, i., 679.

Lackweips, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 294.

Lacomnis, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 450.

Ladders, i., 160-1, 183, 260, 334, 535, 757; ii., 581.

Laekquelibla (Lockqualilla), tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 295-6.

La Goleta, locality, South California, i., 459.

La Goleta Estero, locality, South California, i., 459.

Lagoons, North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 445.

Laguaachas, North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 443.

Laguna, Pueblo village and tribe, i., 526-56; location, i., 600; myth., iii., 174; lang., iii., 681; antiq., iv., 665.

Laguna de Copala, lang., iii., 664-5.

Laguna de Terminos, v., 196.

Laguna Mora, Chiapas, antiq., iv., 353.

Lagunas (Tataguas), South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 458.

Laguneros, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 612; special mention, i., 577, 585, 590; lang., iii., 714.

Lahamas, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 314.

Lahuh-Ah, Cakchiquel ruler, v., 594.

Lahuh Noh, Cakchiquel ruler, v., 600.

Lahuhquieh, Mame lord, v., 595.

Laimónes, i., 603, see Laymones.

Lajamini, Honduras, antiq., iv., 71.

La Joya, village, South California, i., 460.

Lajuchu, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 458.

Lake Bigler, i., 469, see Tahoe Lake.

Lake Superior, iv., 778, 783.

Lakes (Senijextee), Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 314.

Lakisumnes, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 450.

Lamagi, Guatemala tribe, hist., v., 561.

Lamak, Guatemala tribe, hist., v., 546.

Lamalles, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 309.

Lamam (Lamanès), Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Lamanites, American origin traces, v., 98-101.

Lamas, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 362, 449, 451.

Lamat, Maya day, ii., 755-6, 760.

Lamaytun, ii., 762, see Amaytun.

Lambat, Tzendal day, ii., 767; Chiapanec hero, v., 605.

Lamps, see Candles.

Lamsim, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Lances, see Spears.

Lancets, ii., 479, 601.

Lands, tenure, i., 191, 583, 700; ii., 223-30, 445-6, 462-3, 652-4.

Langley, locality, Vancouver Island, i., 297-8.

Language, general observations, i., 5, 12, 15; ii., 27; iii., 2-13, 551-62; Hyperboreans, iii., 562-3, 574-92; Columbians, i., 564-5; iii., 592-634; Californians, iii., 565-8, 635-79; New Mexicans, i., 528; iii., 568-70, 680-722; Mexicans, ii., 91, 106, 111, 114; iii., 74, 570-1, 723-58; v., 352; Central Americans, ii., 645, 733; iii., 571-3, 759-95; as a historical aid, v., 151.

Lantscheff Island, i., 60.

Laollaga, Oajaca, antiq., iv., 373.

Lapappu, Central California, lang., iii., 650.

La Patera, islet, South California, i., 458-9.

La Paz, town, Lower California, i., 603-4.

Lapiene's House Indians, i., 146, see Ta-Kuth-Kutchin.

Lapototots, i., 450, see Sapototots.

La Puente, locality, South California, i., 460.

La Purissima, locality, South California, i., 458.

Lard, i., 653, 768.

Lartielo, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 314.

Las Flores, village, South California, i., 460.

La Soledad Mission, lang., iii., 654.

Lassen's Butte, locality, North California, i., 447.

Lassics, North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 446; lang., iii., 593.

Lasso, i., 493, 724.

Las Vegas River, i., 464.

Lath oc Katun, ii., 762, see Chek oc Katun.

La Tortuga, Puebla, antiq., iv., 465-6.

Latour-Allard Collection, Mexican Republic, antiq., iv., 560.

Law, see Government.

Law-Courts, ii., 442-5, 656.

Lawyers, ii., 444, 655.

Laymones (Laimónes, Limonies), Lower Californian tribe, i., 556-71; location, i., 603; lang., iii., 687.

Lead, i., 165, 180; ii., 473; iv., 794.

Leather, i., 88, 183, 227-8, 258, 331, 482, 504; ii., 407.

Leaves, i., 331, 368, 521, 577; ii., 574, 784.

Lecatuits, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 452.

Lechugilla, medicine, i., 589.

Lee Panis, i., 593, see Lipanes.

Leeshtelosh, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 309.

Leewa, Mosquito water-spirit, iii., 497.

Leggins, i., 258, 424-5, 482-4, 531.

Leg-guards, Nahuas, ii., 407.

Legs, Hyperboreans, i., 88; Columbians, i., 158, 176-7, 210, 224-5, 254; New Mexicans, i., 531.

Lempa River, v., chap. xii.

Lencas, Guatemala tribe, i., 686-711; location, i., 790; lang., iii., 783.

Lenderi, locality, Nicaragua, i., 792.

Leoba, iv., 389, see Liobaa.

Leon, city, Nicaragua, i., 792; antiq., iv., 32, 60-1; hist., v., 613.

Leon River, i., 797.

Leprosy, i., 354, 709, 742; ii., 340.

Lewire, Mosquito water-spirit, i., 741.

Lewis River, i., 148, 317, 462; iii., 620.

Liam, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Liard River, i., 144-5.

Libantone, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Libertad, Nicaragua, antiq., iv., 33-4, 59-60.

Liberty, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 758-9.

Libisa, species of venomous fish, ii., 408.

Lichen, see Moss.

Lickawis, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 307.

Lighthouses, Mexico, ii., 566-7; v., 507.

Lightning, i., 588; iii., 118, 324; v., 524.

Ligin Ka, Cakchiquel month, ii., 766.

Liguaces, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Lillooet, locality, British Columbia; lang., iii., 613.

Lime, i., 577, 626, 653; ii., 556, 558, 581, 722, 784.

Limonies, i., 603, see Laymones.

Lines, fishing, i., 104; ii., 721.

Lingham, Phallic-worship, iii., 501.

Liniooh, name for Santa Cruz Island, i., 402.

Linkinse, i., 316, see Isle de Pierres.

Lintels, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 158-273 passim; Chiapas, antiq., iv., 302, 351-2, 360; Oajaca, antiq., iv., 398, 404; Colorado, antiq., iv., 722; Peru, antiq., iv., 803.

Liobaa (Leoba, Liubá, Luiva, Lyoba, Lyobaa, Yobaa, Yopaa), name for Mitla, Oajaca, antiq., iv., 389.

Lion, food and dress, i., 491, 648, 701-2.

Lion-snake, Miztec god, iii., 71.

Lipanes (Ipandes, Lee Panis, Lipajenne, Lipans), tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location, i., 474, 593-4; special mention, i., 479, 495; lang., iii., 563, 594.

Lip-ornaments, Hyperboreans, i., 47-8, 72, 88, 98-100; iii., 581; Columbians, i., 158-9, 182; New Mexicans, i., 559; Mexicans, i., 623; ii., 307, 372-3, 376; iii., 238, 387; Central Americans, i., 691, 717, 752, 754; ii., 731-2.

Lips, Mexicans, i., 619, 647; Central Americans, i., 688, 714-15.

Liria, locality, Nicaragua, i., 792.

Lisahuato, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 458.

Lishus, i., 450, see Sishus.

Lisichi, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Lithodendron Creek, Arizona, antiq., iv., 644.

Litter, ii., 180, 606-7, 620, 635, 641, 702.

Little Colorado Mountains, i., 467.

Little Grass Valley, California, antiq., iv., 707.

Little Miami River, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 764.

Little Salt Lake Valley, i., 468.

Liubá, iv., 389, see Liobaa.

Livangebra, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Livangelva, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Lixus River, v., 66.

Liyúes, Lower Californian tribe, i., 556-71; lang., iii., 687-93.

Lizards, i., 405, 428, 488, 539, 561; ii., 599, 602; iii., 129.

Llaneros, tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location, i., 474, 595.

Llano de la Culebra, i., 788, see Hermita.

Llano Estacado, i., 591.

Llatu, Inca head-dress, v., 46.

Locènes, Guatemala tribe, i., 686-711; lang., iii., 761.

Loch, Quiché chief, v., 564.

Locklomnees, i., 450, see Socklumnes.

Lockqualillas, i., 296, see Lackquelibla.

Locobo, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 454.

Locollomillos, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 451.

Locusts, famine caused by, v., 601.

Lodges, see Dwellings.

Logwood, Maya commerce, i., 658.

Lojos Aogni, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Lolmet Ahau, Quiché official, ii., 644.

Lolmet Quehnay, Quiché official, ii., 644.

Loloncooks, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 447.

Lompoc (Lompoe), South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 458-9.

Longtonguebuffs, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 309.

Long Valley, i., 469.

Loomis, i., 209, see Lummis.

Loomnears, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 456.

Looms, i., 165, 191, 215-16, 502-3, 544, 582, 630, 724, 766-7.

Lopas, North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 445.

Lopillamillos (Lupilomis), Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 451.

Lopstatimnes, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 450.

Loquamish, tribe of Sound Indians, i., 208-22; location, i., 301.

Loquilts, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 311.

Lorenzo, village, South California, i., 458.

Loreto, village, Lower California, i., 557, 603-4; lang., iii., 687.

Los Alamos, village, Sonora, i., 607.

Los Angeles, village and county, South California, tribes described, i., 402-22; special mention, i., 403-4, 407, 409, 411, 420, 460; myth., iii., 84; v., 19; antiq., iv., 695; town, Puebla, i., 671.

Los Cruces, village, South California, i., 459.

Los Dolores, village, Sonora, i., 606.

Los Edificios, name of Quemada ruins, Zacatecas, antiq., iv., 580.

Los Llagos Canada, locality, South California, i., 458.

Lost River, i., 327, 443.

Lototen, i., 327, see Rogue River Indians.

Loucheux, i., 146, see Degothi Kutchin.

Loucitta, locality, Central California, i., 455.

Loughborough's Channel, i., 194.

Louisiana, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 764.

Lovedale, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 767.

Lower California, i., 556-71, 591-2, 603-4; antiq., iv., 601-2.

Lower Californians, one of the four families into which the New Mexicans are divided. Manners and customs of all its nations and tribes described together, i., 556-71; physique, i., 558; dress, i., 558-9; dwellings, i., 559-60; food, i., 560-2; weapons and war, i., 562-3; implements and manufactures, i., 563; boats and property, i., 563-4; art, i., 564; government, i., 564-5; marriage and women, i., 565-6; amusements, i., 566-8; medicine, i., 568-9; burial, i., 569-70; character, i., 570-1; location, i., 556-7, 603-4; myth., iii., 83-4; lang., iii., 568, 686-93.

Lower Klamath Lake, i., 327, 443.

Lower Stanu Creek, i., 793.

Lower Yukon, i., 116.

Low Gap, locality, Central California, i., 446, 451.

Lowhims, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 317.

Lucayasta, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 455.

Luchasmi, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 454.

Luckasos (Luckkarsos), tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 307.

Lucktons, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 307.

Lucuyumu, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Lugups, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Luianeglua, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Luidneg, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Luijta, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Luiva, iv., 389, see Liobaa.

Lujanisuissilac, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Lulanna (Sulanna), tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 292.

Lummi River, i., 299.

Lummis (Loomis), tribe of Sound Indians, i., 208-22; location, i., 208, 299; special mention, i., 210, 219, 222; lang., iii., 615.

Lupercalia, Nahua festival, ii., 338.

Lupilomis, i., 451, see Lopillamillos.

Lurin Valley, Peru, antiq., iv., 796-7.

Lutuamis, i., 444, see Klamaths.

Luupsch, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Lynn Canal, i., 96, 100-1, 142.

Lyoba (Lyobaa), ii., 209; iv., 389.

M

Mac, Maya month, ii., 691, 757-8.

Macana (Macuahuitl), Nahua sword, i., 493, 655; ii., 409, 743.

Macanootoonys, North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 442.

Macaoaquez (Macoaques), Central Mexican tribe, i., 617-44; location, i., 676; special mention, i., 622.

Macat (Mazat), Nicaragua god, iii., 492.

Macataxtli, Nahua priest's dress, iii., 335.

Macaws, i., 176, see Classets.

Macehuales, Nahua term for plebeians, ii., 217.

McElmo River, Colorado, antiq., iv., 727-31.

McGillivray's River, i., 311.

McGilvary's, California, antiq., iv., 707.

Machete, Central American chopping knife, i., 655-6, 697.

Mackanotins, North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 442.

Mackenzie River, i., 37, 42, 45-6, 138, 144, 146.

Macmillan River, lang., iii., 587.

Macoba, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 252-3.

Macon, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 768.

Macoyahuis, i., 607, see Cues.

Macsinum, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Macuahuitl, ii., 743, see Macana.

Macuexhuacan, city, Mexico, v., 242.

Macuextli, Nahua precious stones, ii., 319.

Macuilacatltecuhtli, Teo-Chichimec chief, v., 489.

Macuilmalinatzin, Mexican prince, v., 455, 505.

Macuilxochiquetzalli, name of Chalchihuitlicue, iii., 367, 407.

Macuilxochitl, Nahua god, ii., 300; iii., 406-7.

Macuilxuchil, city, Oajaca, v., 531.

Madison, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 764.

Madison Bay, i., 301.

Madoc (Madawc), a Welsh prince, v., 116-18.

Mad River, i., 329, 332, 446, 451; lang., iii., 593, 642.

Magdalena, locality, Sonora and Jalisco, i., 606, 672; Oajaca, antiq., iv., 372.

Magdalena Bay, i., 603-4.

Magemutes (Magagmjuten, Magimuten, Magmjuten), tribe of Koniagas, i., 69-87; location, i., 70, 140.

Maggots, as food, i., 55, 695.

Magicians, see Sorcerers.

Magmjuten, i., 140, see Magemutes.

Magot, species of tree, i., 579.

Maguacate, medicinal herb, i., 588.

Maguey (Agave), i., 488-9, 517, 559-699 passim; ii., 347, 357-65 passim, 484, 600, 724, 727, 752.

Maguiaquis, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 609.

Mahakh, Aleut goddess, iii., 104.

Mahoe, species of tree, i., 722, 724, 760, 766.

Mahogany, boats, i., 658, 699, 725.

Mahquinalo, a Cakchiquel chief, v., 560.

Mahuames, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 612.

Mahucutah (Maucotah), Quiché third created man, iii., 47; a divine person, or high-priest, v., 181, 546, 549, 552-6, 566-7, 584-5.

Maiconeras, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Maiz, city, San Luis Potosí, i., 673; lang., iii., 742.

Maize, i., 430, 489, 693-5, 706, 719, 739, 758-60, 775; ii., 145, 343, 347-50, 354-5, 619, 679, 702-3, 710, 716-20, 723, 737; iii., 241, 325, 349, 358-63, 404; v., 193-4.

Majibel, Lower Californian fourth season, i., 564.

Majiben, Lower Californian fifth season, i., 564.

Majiibenmaaji, Lower Californian sixth season, i., 564.

Makahs, i., 302, see Classets.

Makalay, Trinity River Indians' evil spirit, iii., 176.

Makomas, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 449.

Makuschinskoja, tribe of Aleuts, i., 87-94; location, i., 141.

Malaguecos (Malahuecos), North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 613.

Malah, a Zutugil prince, v., 572.

Malahuecos, i., 612, see Malaguecos.

Malahues, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Malay, lang., traces, iii., 646.

Malcam, Quiché widower, ii., 802.

Malcuitlapilco, suburb of Mexico, ii., 560.

Malemutes (Maleigmjuten, Malimüten), tribe of Koniagas, i., 70-87; location, i., 70, 138, 141; special mention, i., 71, 73, 77-8, 81; lang., iii., 580.

Malico, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Malik Ocok Kin, Maya dawn, ii., 755.

Malila, locality, Mexico, i., 675.

Malimüten, i., 141, see Malemutes.

Malinalcas, Nahua nation, i., 677-78; ii., 133-629; name, ii., 127-8; hist., v., 307-10.

Malinalco, town and province, Mexico, i., 677; antiq., iv., 504; hist., v., 310, 323, 328.

Malinalli, Nahua day, ii., 512, 516-17; lord of Tlachquiauhco, v., 461.

Malinalxochitl, Chichimec princess, v., 303; Aztec princess, v., 327-8.

Malinche, see Cerro de la Malinche.

Malincheños, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 613.

Mallets, i., 189, 237, 270-1.

Mallin, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 454.

Maltese Cross, iv., 481, 498; see also Cross.

Malvaitac, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Mamalhoaztli, a constellation, iii., 112.

Mamalihuasco, Acolhua lordship, v., 303.

Mama-lil-a-culla (Mamalilacula, Marmalillacalla), tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 176, 295-6.

Mamamchic, name for Coya Mama Oella, v., 46.

Mama Oello, Peruvian goddess, iii., 269.

Mamatlavicoa, Nahua game, ii., 334.

Mamazorras, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Mames, Maya nation, i., 687-711; ii., 630-803; location and name, i., 787; ii., 128; lang., iii., 760-1, 766-7; hist., v., 541-2, 555, 563, 566, 569, 576-7, 585, 591, 593, 595.

Mamhéni, Otomí City, v., 243.

Mamites, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 610.

Mamnits, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 306.

Mamum, Inland Columbian tribe, food, i., 265.

Mam Yoc, name of Mames, i., 787.

Managua, city, Nicaragua, v., 613.

Managua Lake, i., 791-2; antiq., iv., 32; v., 613.

Manatee, a sea-cow, i., 719-20.

Manazaquepet, Guatemalan tribe, i., 686-711; location, i., 789.

Manches, Guatemala tribe, i., 686-711; location, i., 682, 687; special mention, i., 710; myth., iii., 482.

Manchika, Queen of Sheromogula, v., 46.

Manco, v., 46, see Mango.

Manco Capac, Peruvian god, iii., 269; v., 46.

Mandans, name given to early Welch colonists, v., 118.

Mandingos, tribe of Isthmians, i., 747-85; location, i., 797; special mention, i., 752, 784.

Mandioc, Mosquitos, food, i., 721.

Mangnés, i., 792, name for Nagarandas.

Mango (Manco), first Inca of Peru, v., 46.

Mani, city, Yucatan, ii., 699-700; antiq., iv., 220; v., 634.

Maniani, Honduras, antiq., iv., 71.

Manik, Maya day, ii., 755-6, 760.

Manilahuh, Zutugil king, v., 586-7.

Mankeesh, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 253.

Mannawousut, tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 295.

Manosaht, tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 295.

Manos Prietas, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Manovapa (Manowapa), Tarasco god, iii., 446; v., 517.

Mantles, i., 630, 690, 751; ii., 364, 366-7, 374-5, 406, 604-5, 615, 618, 621, 727-8; iii., 416, 423.

Manufactures, Hyperboreans, i., 79-80, 107, 130; Columbians, i., 164-7, 190-1, 215-16; Californians, i., 345, 381-2, 407-8; New Mexicans, i., 544, 563; Mexicans, i., 630, 657; ii., 384, 474-91; Central Americans, i., 698-9, 724, 766-7; ii., 752.

Manzanilla, used as poison, i., 723, 762.

Manzanillos (San Blas Indians), tribe of Isthmians, i., 747-85; location, i., 796; special mention, i., 753, 784.

Manzanita, North California, food, i., 340.

Mapilca, Vera Cruz, antiq., iv., 455.

Mapimi, see Bolson de Mapimi.

Maps, i., 68, 165, 239, 274-5; ii., 224, 236, 380, 388, 424, 443, 487-8; iv., 283, 748-9.

Mapulcanas, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 613.

Maquelnoteers, North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 443.

Maquiapemes, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 612.

Maran, ii., 677, see Chin.

Marani, Inland Columbian tribe, food, i., 265.

Maraveres, Central Mexican tribe, i., 617-44; location, i., 672.

Marcasite, used for painting, ii., 327; iii., 360-1.

Mar de Cortés, see California Gulf.

Margajita, a species of mineral, ii., 478, 480.

Marhoos, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 305.

Maribios (Maribichoa), Guatemala tribe, i., 686-711; location, i., 791.

Maricopa Copper Mine, i., 528, 601.

Maricopas (Cocomaricopas), tribe of Pueblos, i., 526-56; location, i., 526, 602; special mention, i., 530, 533-4, 544, 547-53, 555-6; myth., iii., 131, 527; lang., iii., 684-6.

Maricopa Wells, i., 602.

Marietta, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 767.

Mariguana, a narcotic herb, i., 633.

Mariguanes, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 613.

Marimba, a musical instrument, i., 664, 705, 738.

Marin County, Cal., i., 363, 452.

Maripenda, a medicinal plant, ii., 599.

Mariposa County, California, antiq., iv., 707.

Markets, i., 700; ii., 378, 383-6, 440, 564-8, 646, 736-7; v., 421.

Markland, locality, north-east coast of America, v., 107.

Marmalillacalla, i., 295, see Mama-lil-a-culla.

Marriage, Hyperboreans, i., 66, 81-3, 92, 110-11, 117, 123, 127, 130-4; Columbians, i., 168-70, 192, 195-8, 218, 241-2; Californians, i., 349-51, 388-91, 410-12, 436-7; New Mexicans, i., 511-15, 547-9, 565-6, 584-6; Mexicans, i., 632, 661-3; ii., 251-66, 442, 628; Central Americans, i., 702-4, 729-34, 772-4; ii., 642, 651, 664-75, 711; iii., 473.

Martilpar, i., 295, see Murtilpar.

Martinez, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 613.

Martinez, California, antiq., iv., 709.

Martinez Point, i., 301.

Martin Lake, i., 144.

Mary River, i., 462, see Humboldt River.

Masacatan, village, Guatemala, i., 787.

Masagneve, Moqui village, i., 528.

Masalla Magoons, (Masallamagoons), Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 449; lang., iii., 643.

Masanais, i., 601, see Moszasnavi.

Masatzin, Chichimec king, v., 220.

Masaya, city, Nicaragua, i., 792; antiq., iv., 31, 35-6.

Maschal, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Masiaca, village, Sonora, i., 607.

Masks, Hyperboreans, i., 93, 97, 101; iii., 145, 148; Columbians, i., 159, 170, 181, 186, 193; Californians, i., 393; New Mexicans, i., 532, 550-1; Mexicans, i., 630; ii., 291, 314, 341, 480, 482, 490, 603, 606, 620; iii., 289, 295, 341, 385, 390-2, 394-5; antiq., iv., 479, 495, 556-9; Central Americans, ii., 713, 733, 750; antiq., iv., 67, 236.

Masonahs, North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 443.

Mason's Plantation, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 768.

Massets (Massettas, Massettes, Massetts, Massits, Mosettes), tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 155, 292.

Mastamho, Mojave god, iii., 175.

Mastate, Maya dress, ii., 726.

Matacaxtli, Nahua armlets, ii., 395-6.

Matahuay, South Californian village, i., 458.

Matalánes, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453-4; lang., iii., 652.

Mataluhtli, Nahua drink, ii., 359.

Matape, village, Sonora, i., 606-7.

Matchclats (Michlaits, Muchlaht), tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 295.

Matchemnes, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 450; lang., iii., 649.

Matelpys, tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 296.

Matemecatl, Nahua brachials, ii., 404.

Matevil (Mathowelia), Mojave god, iii., 175, 526.

Mathlanobs, i., 309, see Multnomahs.

Mathowelia, iii., 175, see Matevil.

Matiares, village, Nicaragua, i., 792.

Matiliha (Matillija), South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Matlaccoatl, Toltec king, v., 266.

Matlacxochitl, name for Huemac and Tezcatlipoca, v., 261, 286.

Matlahuacallan, station, Aztec migration, v., 323.

Matlalcueje, name for Chalchihuitlicue, iii., 367; Tlascala heights, v., 504-5.

Matlalquac, Nahua female sacrifice, iii., 345.

Matlaltzincas (Matlaltzinchi), Nahua nation, i., 617-44; ii., 133-629; special mention, i., 622; ii., 411; location and name, i., 677; ii., 128; myth., iii., 446; lang., iii., 747-8; hist., v., 307-10, 432-5, 510, 523-4.

Matlaltzinco, province of Mexico, i., 676; v., 432-5, 472.

Matlaluca, Vera Cruz, antiq., iv., 445.

Matlalxihuitl, a flower used for dyes, ii., 486.

Matlalzahuatl, a species of pestilence, i., 638.

Matlatlihuitzin, Mexican king, v., 492-3.

Matlazahua, i., 674, see Mazahuas.

Matlose, Nootka spirit, iii., 151.

Matoles, iii., 643, see Mattoles.

Matomey Ki Pomos, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location and name, i., 362, 448.

Mats, Hyperboreans, i., 91, 107; Columbians, i., 160-3, 166, 173, 184, 187, 190, 211-12, 220, 231, 236-7, 259-61, 270-1; Californians, i., 336, 345; New Mexicans, i., 575, 582; Mexicans, i., 624, 656; ii., 161, 361, 386, 440, 572, 621; iii., 335; iv., 402; Central Americans, i., 697-9, 724, 745, 766; ii., 669, 739, 787.

Mattole Creek, i., 447.

Mattoles (Matoles), Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 447; myth., iii., 86; v., 14, 19; lang., iii., 643.

Matzahuas, i., 674, see Mazahuas.

Matzopetztli, Nahua bracelets, ii., 404.

Maucotah, see Mahucutah.

Maugna, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 460.

Mauhemi, i., 350, see Mow-wee-mas.

Mawish, Nez Percés' spirit of fatigue, i., 284.

Max, a species of leaf in Yucatan, ii., 737.

Maxatecaz, Nahua maskers, iii., 429.

Maxcanú, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 262.

Maxio, Toltec queen, v., 271.

Maxixcatzin, Ocotelulco lord, v., 503.

Maxtla, a Tepanec prince, and king of Coyuhuacan, v., 373, 384-94, 499; lord of Tlachco, v., 439.

Maxtlatzin, a Toltec noble, v., 276, 283-4.

Maxtli, Nahua dress, ii., 144, 365-6, 618, 726-8.

Mayacomas (Mayacmas), Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 363, 451-2.

Mayapan, ancient name and capital of Yucatan, i., 645; ii., 632-7, 654; antiq., iv., 240-3, 268, 274-5, 277; hist., v., 159, 224-7, 615, 618-19, 622-3, 626, 629-34.

Maya nations, manners and customs described, i., 645-747; ii., 630-803; government, property, etc., ii., 632-60; education, ii., 661-4; marriage, women, etc., ii., 664-86; food, ii., 718-25; dress, ii., 726-34; war, weapons, etc., ii., 740-7; implements and manufactures, ii., 748-52; art, ii., 753-82; dwellings, etc., ii., 783-94; medicine and superstitions, ii., 794-8; burial, ii., 798-801; physique, ii., 802; character, ii., 803; location, i., 645-6, 683, 786-92; ii., 128-9; myth., iii., 461-96, 541-3; v., 87; lang., iii., 558, 571, 724, 759-76; v., 616; hist., v., 157-8, 540-634.

Mayas, tribe of South Mexicans and one of the Maya nations, i., 644-70; ii., 630-803; location and name, i., 645-6, 683; special mention, i., 647-64, 667, 669; ii., 91, 117-21, 631-7, 647-705, 711-803; myth., iii., 461-73, 541-2; v., 87; lang., iii., 558, 571, 724, 759-62, 773-6; v., 616; origin, v., 22; hist., v., 157-8, 614-34.

Mayavel, Nahua female sacrifice, iii., 345.

Mayo River, i., 607-8.

Mayos, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location and name, i., 572, 607; special mention, i., 582, 590; lang., iii., 667, 707-10.

Mayotla, ii., 563, see Moyotlan.

Maza, Nahua war-club, ii., 409.

Mazacohuatl (Otziuhcohuatl), Nahua chief, v., 243.

Mazahuacan, district in Northwest Mexico, i., 674.

Mazahuas (Matlazahua, Matzahua, Mazahui, Mozahui), Central Mexican tribe, i., 617-44; location, i., 674; v., 510; lang., iii., 737, 741.

Mazames, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Mazamorra, maize porridge, iii., 360.

Mazapiles, Central Mexican tribe, i., 617-44; location, i., 672; lang., iii., 719.

Mazat, iii., 492, see Macat.

Mazatecs (Mazotecas), Maya nation, i., 644-70; ii., 630-803; location, i., 680; special mention, i., 646; ii., 261; myth., iii., 131-2; lang., iii., 752-3.

Mazatepec, station, Toltec migration, v., 213.

Mazatl, Nahua day, ii., 511-12, 516-17; Tepanec commander, v., 393.

Mazatlan, province, Guerrero, hist., v., 411-12.

Mazatsal Peaks, i., 595.

Mazatzin, Culhua king, v., 256, 330-1.

Mazotecas, iii., 131, see Mazatecs.

Measles, i., 286, 521, 568, 638, 667, 742.

Meat, see Flesh.

Meatwho, i., 312, see Battlelemuleemauch.

Mecamecan, Mexico, antiq., iv., 496-7.

Mecapalli, a strap to support burdens, ii., 386.

Mecitl (Mexi), name for Huitzilopochtli, v., 88, 324, 346.

Mecochiliztli, lunar period, ii., 504.

Meconetzin, v., 270, see Acxitl.

Mecos, Central Mexican tribe, i., 617-44; location, i., 672; lang., iii., 743.

Medals, ii., 732; iv., 118-19, 346.

Medellin, Vera Cruz, antiq., iv., 434.

Medicine, Hyperboreans, i., 68-9, 85-6, 113, 120, 124; Columbians, i., 172, 204-5, 219-20, 228, 245-6, 285-7; Californians, i., 354-6, 358, 394-5, 418-19, 439; iii., 160; New Mexicans, i., 521-2, 542, 554, 568-9, 588-9; Mexicans, i., 638-40, 667; ii., 268-9, 460, 591-602; iii., 353, 409, 415, 421; Central Americans, i., 708-9, 741-3, 778-80; ii., 794-8, see names of diseases.

Medicine-men, see Sorcerers.

Mediotaquel, Acaxee dialect, iii., 718.

Meewocs (Meewa, Meewie), Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 455; special mention, i., 375, 393, 395; myth., iii., 522.

Méhtehs, North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 444.

Meidoos, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 451; lang., iii., 648, 652.

Mejibo, Lower Californian first season, i., 564.

Melzolzin, v., 243, see Metzoltzin.

Men, Maya day, ii., 755-6, 760.

Menaches, tribe of Shoshones, i., 422-42; location, i., 464.

Mendocino County, i., 447, 451.

Menguis (Menquis), i., 558; iii., 687, see Monquis.

Menstruation, i., 82, 110-11, 242, 278-9, 351, 549.

Merced County, California, antiq., iv., 707.

Merced River, i., 455-6; iii., 651.

Merchants, Nahuas, ii., 386-97, 616; v., 415, 443, 600; Mayas, ii., 736-8.

Mérida, city, Yucatan, iii., 467; antiq., iv., 243-4.

Merivales Mountains, i., 795.

Mesa Verde, Colorado, antiq., iv., 719.

Mescal, Mexican drink, i., 517, 664.

Mescaleros (Mezcaleros), tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location and name, i., 474, 594; special mention, i., 505, 509, 523.

Mescales, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 612.

Mescalteco, Vera Cruz, antiq., iv., 451.

Meshonganawe, Moqui village, i., 601.

Mesquit-bean, Apache food, i., 487-8.

Messier Mound, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 767-8.

Mesticatan, village, Zacatecas, i., 672.

Metals, i., 546, 727-8, 769; ii., 473-8, 749-50; iii., 255; iv., 66-7, 102-3, 278, 778-9, 792-4.

Metaphors, common use of, iii., 35-7.

Metate (Metlatl), a corn-grinder, i., 489, 501, 540, 544, 629-30, 653, 656, 697, 721, 765; ii., 354, 361, 750.

Metazures, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Meteors, meteoric phenomena, Mexico, v., 446-7.

Metepec, a city of Matlaltzinco, v., 433.

Metlaltoyuca, Vera Cruz, antiq., iv., 458-61.

Metlapilli, a stone roller used with the metate, i., 630.

Metlatl, ii., 354, see Metate.

Metztli, a pre-Toltec hero, v., 205.

Metztli Itzacual (House of the Moon), Mexico, antiq., iv., 531-5.

Metzoltzin (Melzolzin, Metzotzin), a Toltec prince, v., 213, 243.

Meviras, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Mewahs, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 455.

Mexcala, town, Michoacan, i., 676.

Mexcala River, ii., 107, 109; v., 508.

Mexcaltepec, city, Michoacan, i., 678.

Mexi, v., 324, see Mecitl.

Mexicaltzinco, town, Mexico, ii., 562; v., 345.

Mexican Manuscript, ii., 772.

Mexicans, Central, one of the two families into which the tribes of Mexico are divided; manners and customs of all its nations and tribes described together, i., 617-44; civilized nations, ii., 133-629; physique, i., 618-19; ii., 624-5; dress, i., 620-3; ii., 363-77; dwellings, i., 624; ii., 160-74, 553-89; food, i., 624-6; ii., 342-62; personal habits, i., 626; weapons and war, i., 627-9; ii., 400-32; implements, arts and manufactures, i., 629-31; ii., 473-92; oratory and poetry, ii., 492-7; boats and property, i., 631; ii., 397-9; commerce, ii., 378-97; government, i., 632; ii., 133-239, 433-72; women and marriage, i., 632-5; ii., 251-81; education, ii., 240-51; amusements, i., 635-6; ii., 283-301; festivals and feasts, ii., 302-41; arithmetic, ii., 497-500; calendar, ii., 502-22; hieroglyphics, ii., 523-52; medicine, i., 638-40; ii., 591-602; burial, i., 640-1; ii., 603-23; character, i., 641-4; ii., 626-9; myth., ii., 200-15, 245-6, 292, 302-41, 388-97, 604-5, 616-23; iii., 55-74, 109-13, 119-23, 128-9, 181-231, 237-460, 511-15, 532-41; lang., iii., 570, 723-48; antiq., iv., 504-23, 553-64; hist., ii., 91-114; iii., 270, 307-8; v., 307-510, 595-7, 600-1, 606; location, i., 617, 670-8; name, v., 324-5.

Mexicans, Northern, one of the four families into which the New Mexicans are divided; manners and customs of all its nations and tribes described together, i., 571-91; physique, i., 572-3; dress, i., 573-5; dwellings, i., 575; food, i., 576-8; weapons and war, i., 578-82; implements and manufactures, i., 582-3; boats and property, i., 583; art and government, i., 583-4; women and marriage, i., 584-6; amusements, i., 586-7; miscellaneous customs, i., 587-8; medicine, i., 588-9; burial, i., 589-90; character, i., 590-1; myth., iii., 111, 178-81, 529-32; lang., iii., 569-70, 706-22; antiq., iv., 568-614; location, i., 571, 604-14.

Mexicans, Southern, one of the two families into which the wild tribes of Mexico are divided; manners and customs of all its nations and tribes described together, i., 644-70; physique, i., 646-8; dress, i., 648-51; dwellings, i., 651-2; food, i., 652-4; personal habits, i., 654; weapons and war, i., 655-6; implements and manufactures, i., 656-7; boats, property, etc., i., 658-9; government, i., 659-60; slavery, i., 661; women and marriage, i., 661-3; amusements, i., 664-5; miscellaneous customs, i., 665-6; medicine and burial, i., 667-8; character, i., 668-70; myth., iii., 448-73; lang., iii., 570-1, 748-58; location, i., 644-6, 678-83.

Mexicapan, a ward of Tezcuco city, v., 404.

Mexica-tlalli, Mexican war-lands, ii., 225.

Mexicatl-Teohuatzin, Mexican pontiff, ii., 201; iii., 433.

Mexico, nations and tribes described, i., 617-44; civilized nations, ii., 133-629; location, i., 670-8; myth., iii., 55-70, 181-444, 505-6; lang., iii., 723-41; antiq., iv., 480-549; hist., ii., 92-106; v., 237-510.

Mexico City, ii., 160-6, 414-15, 559-67; iii., 307; v., 343-6, 355-8; antiq., iv., 504-20.

Mexitl (Mexitly, Mextli), name of Huitzilopochtli, iii., 296.

Mexochitl, an emetic, ii., 599.

Mexoyotzin, a Toltec noble, v., 272-3.

Mexquital, town, Mexico, i., 674.

Mextozolitzli, lunar period, ii., 504.

Méyemmas, North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 445.

Meyuncame, Durango god, iii., 179.

Mezcaleros, i., 474, see Mescaleros.

Mezquites, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Meztitlan, province, Mexico, iii., 431; antiq., iv., 544; hist., v., 260, 335, 475.

Meztitlanecs, Nahua nation, i., 617-44; ii., 133-629; location, i., 675.

Miahuaxochitl, Mexican princess and queen, v., 363.

Miamisburg, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 777-8.

Mica, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 782.

Micaotli, Mexico, antiq., iv., 537.

Micapetlacoli, Nahua goddess, iii., 396.

Miccacuicatl, Nahua funeral chant, ii., 607.

Miccailhuitzintli, Nahua month, ii., 328, 510.

Mice, as food, i., 405, 430, 561, 576.

Michatoyatl, river, Guatemala, v., 607.

Michitlatecotle, iii., 396, see Mictlantecutli.

Michlaits, i., 295, see Matchclats.

Michoacan (Michuacan), tribes, etc., described, i., 617-44; ii., 133-629; location, i., 674-8; myth., iii., 66-7, 403, 445-7, 541; lang., iii., 737, 744-7; antiq., iv., 569-72; hist., ii., 107-8; v., 434, 508-26.

Michoacaques, i., 643, see Tarascos.

Micksucksealtons (Micksucksealtoms), Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 312-14.

Micla (Mimilla), Guatemala, antiq., iv., 115.

Mictecacihuatl, iii., 401, see Mictlancihuatl.

Mictlan, Nahua Hades, ii., 648; iii., 396, 534-6; locality, San Salvador, i., 484; v., 609-11.

Mictlancalco, subterranean palace, iii., 254; iv., 544.

Mictlancihuatl (Mictanihuatl, Mictecacihuatl, Miquitecacigua), Nahua goddess, iii., 396-402; v., 41.

Mictlantecutli (Michitlatecotle, Mictlanteuctli, Miquitlamtecotl, Miquitlantecotli), Nahua god, ii., 338, 340; iii., 59, 396-403; iv., 514.

Mictlanteucyòhua, Nahua calendar sign and god, ii., 516.

Mictlantongo, Miztec dialect, iii., 749.

Mictlanzinco, locality, Mexico, v., 472.

Midwives, i., 634; ii., 268-71, 678.

Miemissouks, tribe of Sound Indians, i., 208-22; location, i., 300.

Migrations, Hyperboreans, i., 71, 87, 116; Columbians, iii., 608; Californians, i., 325; iii., 637-8; general, v., 138-9; Nahua nations, ii., 537-9, 543-51, 559-60; pre-Toltec, v., 165-8, 188-208; Toltecs, v., 208-18, 565-7; Chichimecs, v., 218-20; Nahuatlacas, v., 220-3, 305-10; Maya nations, v., 165-8, 180-8, 223-30, 537-42, 546, 554-6, 565-7, 604-13, 616-7.

Miguihui (Miguigui), South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Mijes, Maya nation, i., 645-70; ii., 133-629; location, i., 645, 679; ii., 111-2; special mention, i., 646-8, 651-2, 659, 666, 668-9; ii., 278, 379; myth., iii., 458; lang., iii., 756-7; hist., v., 530-3.

Milaketkuns, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 312.

Milchimalli, Nahua war lands, ii., 227.

Milijaes, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 612.

Milkwanen, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 460.

Millbank Sound, i., 155, 158, 227, 292-5; iii., 606.

Millbank Sound Indians, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 294; special mention, i., 159, 168, 171, 174.

Millerton, California, antiq., iv., 707.

Milnaoatl, Nahua male sacrifice, iii., 345.

Milpa, a cornfield, ii., 717.

Mimals, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 450.

Mimbreños, tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location, i., 474, 595.

Mimbres mountains and river, i., 595.

Mimich (Mitmitzichi), Nahua chief, v., 242.

Mimics, i., 68, 437, 551, 706, 736-8; ii., 286, 291-2, 309, 712.

Mimilla, iv., 115, see Micla.

Mina, locality, Chihuahua, lang., iii., 712, 716.

Mines, i., 727-8; ii., 473-4, 749-50; iv., 544-5, 673, 697-707, 783-4.

Miopacoas, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Mipacmas, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 362.

Miquetanteot, Nicaragua god, iii., 492.

Miquitecacigua, iii., 396, see Mictlancihuatl.

Miquitlamtecotl (Miquitlantecotli), iii., 396, see Mictlantecutli.

Miquiztli, Nahua day, ii., 511-12, 516-17.

Mirador, Vera Cruz, antiq., iv., 447.

Mirador, El, at Huanuco el Viejo, Peru, antiq., iv., 801-3.

Mirrors, i., 623; ii., 480, 482, 713, 735; iii., 238; iv., 383.

Misalahs, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 449.

Misantla, Vera Cruz, antiq., iv., 448-51.

Miscanaka, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Miscellaneous customs, Hyperboreans, i., 67-8, 118-19, 125; Columbians, i., 201-3, 245, 282-5; Californians, i., 417-18; New Mexicans, i., 517-21, 538, 553-4, 587-8; Mexicans, i., 636-7; iii., 393; Central Americans, i., 707-8, 740-1, 776-7.

Mish, common termination of names of Nisqually tribes, i., 208.

Mishla, Mosquito drink, i., 739.

Miskaiwhu, tribe of Sound Indians, i., 208-22; location, i., 300.

Misquique, Mexico, antiq., iv., 500-1.

Mission Dolores, i., 363, 452-3.

Missions, i., 29, 173, 291, 325.

Missisissepono, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 458.

Mississippi, lang., iii., 726-7; antiq., iv., 767, 769-70; v., 93-5.

Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 746-90; v., 538.

Missopeno (Sopono), South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Missouri, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 769.

Missouri River, i., 311.

Missouris, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 458.

Mistéken, i., 678, see Miztecs.

Mita, town, Guatemala, i., 787.

Mithouie River, i., 316.

Mithouies, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 316.

Mitic, town, Jalisco, i., 672.

Mitl, Nahua god, ii., 337; Toltec king, v., 253, 263-4, 297; Tlascaltec ruler, v., 349, 497.

Mitla, Oajaca, antiq., i., 665; ii., 570; iv., 388-417; v., 59-60; hist., v., 232, 444, 464, 528-9, 535.

Mitliné, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Mitliztac, Chichimec chief, v., 293.

Mitmitzichi, v., 242, see Mimich.

Mitnal, Maya hell, iii., 542.

Mitote, Nahua dance, ii., 289.

Mitre, ii., 325, 730; iii., 249, 427, 473.

Mittens, see Gloves.

Miuty, Tacullie name for chief, i., 123.

Mixco, town, Guatemala, i., 787; v., 597; antiq., iv., 119-20; Tlascala, antiq., iv., 477.

Mixcoa, Nicaragua god, iii., 492.

Mixcoatl, Nahua god, ii., 335-6, 351-2; iii., 118, 403-6.

Mixcohua, king of Culhuacan, v., 484.

Mixcohuas, tribe of Nahuas, hist., v., 241.

Mixcohuatepec, name of a temple in Mexico, v., 409.

Mixcohuatl, Chichimec king, v., 220; (Mixcohuatzin), king of Tlatelulco, v., 349, 364.

Mixcohuatl Amacohtle, Nahua chief, v., 242.

Mixcohuatl Mazatzin, a Toltec ruler, v., 241, 248-50.

Mixiuhtlan, locality, Mexico, v., 345.

Mixquiahuala, Mexico, antiq., iv., 545.

Mixtecapan, i., 678, see Miztecapan.

Mixtecas (Mixtèques), i., 671, 678, see Miztecs.

Mixtecatl, Nahua chief, v., 223; founder of Miztecs, v., 527.

Mizquiahuala, station, Aztec migration, v., 324.

Mizquic, province, Mexico, v., 310, 346.

Mizquicas, Nahua nation, ii., 133-629; name, ii., 129; hist., v., 307-10.

Mizquihuacan, city, Vera Cruz, i., 675.

Mizquitl, a Tlascaltec chief, v., 497.

Mizquiyahualan, station, Chichimec migration, v., 294.

Miztec Alto, Miztec dialect, iii., 749-52.

Miztecapan (Mixtecapan), province, Oajaca, i., 678; ii., 109; hist., v., 415-17, 443-7, 461-2, 526-7, 531-6.

Miztec Bajo, Miztec dialect, iii., 749-52.

Miztecs, (Mistéken, Mixtecas, Mixtèques), Nahua nation, i., 645-70; ii., 133-629; location and name, i., 645, 678; ii., 109-10, 129; special mention, i., 646-8, 652-3, 657, 659-60, 668-9; ii., 142, 207-9, 228-9, 261, 277, 280, 368, 371, 466, 624, 629; myth., iii., 70-3, 513, 541; v., 13, 20; lang., iii., 745-52; v., 527; hist., v., 206-7, 239, 443, 461-3, 499, 526-7, 531-5.

Moachets (Moouchat, Mowalchits), tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 295.

Moädoc, i., 327, 443, see Modocs.

Moahtockna, i., 327, see Modocs.

Möalkais, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 451.

Moan, ii., 758, see Muan.

Moats, see Excavations.

Moc, name of month in Chiapas, ii., 766.

Moccasins, see Shoes.

Mochan Xiu, Mayapan ruler, v., 634.

Mochicaui, village, Sonora, i., 608.

Mochopa, village, Sonora, i., 606.

Mociaquezqui (Mocioaquetza, Mocioaquezque), a woman who died in childbed, ii., 269; iii., 364-6.

Mocomatzin, v., 349, see Montezuma.

Mocorito, Sinaloa, lang., iii., 707.

Mocuexpaltia, a military badge, ii., 401.

Modoc Lake, i., 443.

Modocs (Möadoc, Moahtockna, Modocks), North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 327, 443-4; special mention, i., 330-4, 340, 346, 350-1, 357, 361; myth., iii., 524; lang., iii., 640.

Moetwas, North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 443.

Mogollon (Mogoyen, Black Mesa), i., 475, 595.

Mohave, i., 597, see Mojave.

Mohuaches, tribe of Shoshones, i., 422-42; location, i., 464.

Moiocoiatzin, name for Tezcatlipoca, iii., 199.

Moiyas, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 451.

Mojave River, i., 597.

Mojaves (Mohaves, Hamockhaves), tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location and name, i., 475, 597; special mention, i., 477-8, 480-2, 487, 489, 493, 500-2, 505-6, 508, 512, 517, 519-25; myth., iii., 175, 526; lang., iii., 684-6.

Mokaskel, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 460.

Mokelumnes (Mokelumnees, Mukelemnes, Mukeemnes, Muthelemnes), Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 450; lang., iii., 649-50.

Mokelumne (Moquelumne) Hill, California, antiq., iv., 704.

Mol (Mool), Maya month, ii., 700-1, 757-8.

Molango, locality, Mexico, i., 675.

Molcaxetes, plates, ii., 285.

Moleje, locality, Lower California, i., 603.

Mollales (Moleles), tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 310, 319-20.

Molo, Chiapanec hero, v., 605.

Molo (Mulu), Tzendal day, ii., 767.

Moltnomahs (Moltnomas), i., 304; iii., 626; see Multnomahs.

Molpilli, Nahua baptismal name, ii., 275.

Momacaico, Nahua sacrifice, ii., 335.

Mombacho Mt, Nicaragua, antiq., iv., 30, 48.

Momostenango, city, Guatemala, v., 587.

Momotombita Island, Nicaragua, antiq., iv., 52-4.

Momoxtles, ancient tombs, Guerrero, antiq., iv., 423.

Momuztli, Nahua altar, ii., 328.

Monapostiac, Oajaca, antiq., iv., 374; v., 529.

Monexico, Nicaragua council, ii., 646.

Money, see Currency.

Mongol civilization in Peru, v., 44-8.

Monguis, i., 604, see Monquis.

Monkey Indians, tribe of Shoshones, i., 422-42; location and special mention, i., 423.

Monkeys, i., 721, 759; ii., 351; iii., 129; v., 172, 209.

Monogenesis, i., 4-6; v., 7-9.

Mono Lake, i., 466.

Monoliths, ii., 555, 572; iv., 115, 138, 275, 399, 448, 538-9, 805.

Mono Pi Utes, tribe of Shoshones, i., 422-42; location, i., 467.

Monos, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 456; special mention, i., 365; lang., iii., 661.

Monotheism, iii., 23, 55-6, 196-8.

Monquis (Menguis, Menquis, Monguis, Monquies, Monquoi, Moquis), Lower Californian tribe, i., 556-71; location, i., 558, 603-4; special mention, i., 423; lang., iii., 687-93.

Montana, i., 422, 463; lang., iii., 631; antiq., iv., 734.

Montaños, tribe of Isthmians, i., 747-85; location, i., 794.

Monte Alban, Oajaca, antiq., iv., 377-84.

Montecristo, village, Tabasco, i., 683.

Monte Cuyo, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 261.

Monte Penulco, Mexico, antiq., iv., 546.

Monte Real, name of Misantla, iv., 448.

Monterey Indians, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 363, 454; special mention, i., 366-7, 369, 381, 384, 388, 398; lang., iii., 653.

Montezuma (Mocomatzin, Moteuhzomatzin), lord of Coatlichan, v., 349.

Montezuma I. (Moteuczoma, Moteuhzoma), king of Mexico, i., 554, 586; ii., 139, 181-2, 191-4, 237-9, 404, 451-3; iii., 76-7, 80, 171-5; v., 366, 389-424, 534-5, 537.

Montezuma II., king of Mexico, v., 455-82, 501-2, 595, 600.

Montezuma Ilhuicamina, see Montezuma I.

Montezuma (Quetzalatl, Tula, Tullanatl) River, v., 243.

Montezuma's Bath, Mexico, antiq., iv., 524-6.

Months, Nahua calendar, ii., 508-14; Maya calendar, ii., 756-8, 760-1, 766.

Monuments, burial, i., 113, 357, 523, 783.

Moolallels, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 309.

Moon, superstitions and worship, i., 587, 666, 741; iii., 62, 82, 84-6, 100-101, 111-12, 152, 187, 190, 502, 547.

Moon Valley, i., 362.

Mooshahneh, Moqui town, iv., 669.

Mootaeyuhew, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 460.

Moouchat, i., 295, see Moachet.

Mopanes, Guatemalan tribe, i., 686-711; location, i., 682, 786.

Moquelumne, iii., 650, see Mokelumne.

Moquihuix, governor of Tlatelulco, v., 411, 417-18, 429-31.

Moquis (Moquinos), tribe of Pueblos, i., 526-56; location, i., 526, 528, 600-1; special mention, i., 529-30, 540, 544, 547, 551, 554-6; iv., 668-70; myth., iii., 80, 131, 175, 527; v., 20; lang., iii., 660, 671-4.

Moraiuhs, North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 444.

Moraleños, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 613.

Moreri, tribe of Isthmians, i., 747-85; location, i., 795.

Moresby Island, i., 292.

Mormon, theory of origin, v., 96-102.

Mormon Creek, California, antiq., iv., 702.

Moro, El, New Mexico, antiq., iv., 648.

Moro Mountains, iii., 595.

Morshewskojes, tribe of Aleuts, i., 87-94; location, i., 141.

Mosaic, ii., 314, 376-7, 482, 488-90, 606, 750; iii., 385, 390-2; iv., 395, 400-1, 407-8, 410, 557-9.

Mosette, i., 292, see Massets.

Mosquito Coast, antiq., iv., 25-8.

Mosquitos, one of the three families into which the wild tribes of Central America are divided; manners and customs of all its nations and tribes described together, i., 711-47; physique, i., 714-15; dress, i., 715-17; dwellings, i., 717-18; food, i., 718-22; personal habits, i., 722; weapons and war, i., 722-3; implements and manufactures, i., 724; boats, i., 724-5; property and commerce, i., 725-6; art, i., 726-8; government and slavery, i., 728-9; women and marriage, i., 729-35; amusements, i., 735-9; superstitions and miscellaneous customs, i., 740-41; medicine, i., 741-3; burial, i., 744-5; character, i., 745-7; myth., iii., 496-8, 543; lang., iii., 571-2, 782-90; location of tribes, i., 712-13, 792-4.

Mosquitos (Sambos), tribe of Mosquito family, i., 711-47; location and name, i., 713, 794; special mention, i., 714-16, 723, 728, 731, 736, 745-6; lang., iii., 783.

Moss, i., 86, 227, 264-7.

Moszasnavi (Masanais, Moxonavi), Moqui village, i., 600-1.

Motagua River, i., 788-9; v., 593.

Moteuczoma (Moteuhzoma), v., 391, see Montezuma I.

Moteuhzomatzin, v., 349, see Montezuma.

Mother-of-pearl, see Pearl.

Moth-worm, Navajo myth., iii., 81.

Motilones, tribe of Isthmians, i., 747-85; location, i., 796.

Motlaxquiantota, Nahua feast, iii., 390.

Motucas, tribe of Mosquitos, i., 711-47; location, i., 713; lang., iii., 783.

Motzontecomaitotia, Nahua dance, ii., 311.

Mound-builders, speculations concerning, iv., 744-90; v., 538-9.

Mound City, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 758.

Mounds, Central America, antiq., ii., 647; iv., 24, 27, 32-4, 69-76, 117-18, 124, 129, 131, 139, 167, 198-204, 215, 219-20, 236-7, 240-7, 252, 261-2, 270-1; Mexico, antiq., iv., 350-614, passim; Arizona, antiq., iv., 633-4, 675-6; California, Utah, and Colorado, antiq., iv., 695-718; Oregon and British Columbia, antiq., iv., 735-42; Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 747-78; Peru, antiq., iv., 792, 798-803.

Mount Adams, i., 254.

Mountain of the Sun, Oajaca, v., 531-2.

Mount Baker, i., 299.

Mount Cacatepec, ii., 335.

Mount Diablo, i., 363, 452.

Mount Fairweather, i., 142.

Mount Hood, i., 320.

Mount Matlalcueje, ii., 312.

Mount Rainier, i., 321.

Mount St Elias, i., 94, 96, 142; iii., 579.

Mount St Helens, i., 321.

Mount Shasta, i., 328, 330; iii., 90-1, 593.

Mount Tocitlan, ii., 567.

Mount Vancouver, i., 320.

Mourning, Hyperboreans, i., 86, 119, 125-7, 134; Columbians, i., 173, 180, 192, 206, 247-8, 288-9; Californians, i., 357-60, 370, 396-7, 420-21, 440; New Mexicans, i., 523-4, 555, 569-70, 590; Mexicans, ii., 331, 606-8, 613-23; Central Americans, i., 709, 716, 744-5, 781-4; ii., 801-2.

Moustache, see Beards.

Mouth, Hyperboreans, i., 46; Columbians, i., 177-8, 225; Californians, i., 364-6; New Mexicans, i., 573; Mexicans, i., 647; Central Americans, i., 714.

Mouth-stone, burial, ii., 606, 614, 619, 799; iii., 515.

Movas, village, Sonora, i., 601.

Mowatchits, i., 295, see Moachets.

Mow-wee-mas (Mauhemi), North Californian name for chiefs, i., 348.

Mox, ii., 767, see Imox.

Moxic, Tzendal day, ii., 767; Chiapanec hero, v., 605.

Moxonavi, i., 601, see Moszasnavi.

Moyotlan (Mayotla), suburb of Mexico, ii., 563.

Moyucuyatzin, Nahua god, iii., 194.

Mozahui, i., 675, see Mazahuas.

Mozcas, iii., 269, see Muyscas.

Mozeloquitzin, Chichimec king, v., 220.

Mozot, medicinal herb, ii., 795.

Mptolyas Cañon, Oregon, antiq., iv., 734.

Muan (Moan), Maya month, ii., 692, 757-8.

Mucaw, a species of wood, i., 761.

Mucchita, Nayarits' abode of souls, iii., 529.

Muchlaht, i., 295, see Matchclat.

Muckalucs, North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; special mention, i., 351.

Muck-a-muck, North Californian food, i., 358.

Mud, see Earth.

Muddy River, i., 464.

Muerto Island, Isthmus, antiq., iv., 20.

Muetasac, name of month in Chiapas, ii., 766.

Mugeres Island, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 260-1.

Mugu, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 458-9.

Muhasal, Towka boy of 10 years, i., 732.

Muingpe, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Mukelemnes (Mukeemnes), i., 450, see Mokelumnes.

Mulatos, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 613.

Mules, i., 490-2, 496, 505, 539, 544, 561, 659.

Mullateco, Central Californian dialect, iii., 650.

Multnomahs (Mathlanobs, Moltnomas, Moltnomahs), tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 309; special mention, i., 229; lang., iii., 626.

Mulu, v., 605, see Molo.

Muluc, Maya day, calendar sign, and god, ii., 703, 755-6, 760-1; iii., 122.

Mumah, Quiché sanctuary, iii., 481.

Mumaltachi, Central California, lang., iii., 650.

Mummies, ii., 604; iii., 54, 500.

Mumuehitl, parched corn, ii., 354.

Muna, Yucatan, antiq., iv., 199.

Mupu, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Muqui, Moqui village, i., 528.

Murder, i., 124, 168, 171, 348-9, 386, 409-10, 435, 509-10, 770; ii., 458-9, 651, 657.

Murex, for dyeing, i., 630.

Murphy's Flat, California, antiq., iv., 704.

Murtilpar (Martilpar), tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 295.

Muscleshell Rapids, i., 321.

Museums, Mexican Republic, antiq., iv., 553-64.

Mushaiina, Moqui village, i., 528, 600.

Music, Hyperboreans, i., 112; Columbians, i., 165, 170, 200-1, 281-2; Californians, i., 354, 393, 416; New Mexicans, i., 515-16, 552, 584, 586; Mexicans, i., 631, 635, 656, 664-8; ii., 285-6, 288-94, 313, 412, 426-7, 492, 617, 620-1; iii., 62-3, 336-7, 341-2, 347, 427; antiq., iv., 478, 504, 520, 561; Central Americans, i., 705, 732, 735-8, 744, 764, 774, 782; ii., 646, 706-7, 711-14, 746; antiq., iv., 19-20; v., 632.

Musk-rat, Tacully myth., iii., 98.

Mustac, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 455.

Muthelemnes, i., 450, see Mokelumnes.

Mutistuls, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 452.

Mutsunes, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 454; lang., iii., 653-4.

Muutzizti (Muutzicat), Central Mexican tribe, i., 617-44; location, i., 672; lang., iii., 719-21.

Muvinábores, tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location, i., 592.

Mux, name of month in Chiapas, ii., 766.

Muyscas (Mozcas), a Columbian tribe, myth., iii., 269; v., 24.

Myacoma, Napa dialect, iii., 650.

Myer's Ravine, California, antiq., iv., 706.

Mystic Tree, temple, Chiapas, antiq., iv., 343.

Mythology, general observations, iii., 5, 13-41, 510-5; Hyperboreans, iii., 98-106, 140-9, 516-19; v., 14; Columbians, i., 170-1, 202-3, 283-4; iii., 94-8, 149-57, 519-22; Californians, i., 387-8, 397, 400, 405, 421-2; iii., 84-94, 157-69, 175-7, 522-6, 545-50; v., 14; New Mexicans, i., 520, 538, 553-4, 587-8; iii., 75-85, 169-75, 526-9; v., 13-14; Mexicans, i., 634, 665-6; ii., 200-15, 245-6, 292, 302-41, 388-97, 604-5, 616-23; iii., 55-74, 109-13, 119-23, 128-9, 179-231, 237-460, 511-15, 527-8, 532-41; v., 12-13, 84-91, 350, 514, 528; Central Americans, i., 707-8, 740; ii., 663; iii., 42-55, 74-5, 461-501, 541-4; v., 13-14, 87, 171-2, 545-8, 572, 610, 618-9; physical myths, iii., 108-26; animal myths, iii., 127-39; phallic rites, iii., 501-9; mound builders, iv., 787; Peruvians, v., 14-17.

N

Naaneeaaghees, tribe of Thlinkeets, i., 94-114; location, i., 143.

Nabe Ligin Ga, Quiché month, ii., 766.

Nabe Mam, Quiché month, ii., 766.

Nabe Pach, Quiché month, ii., 766.

Nabe Tzih, Quiché month, ii., 766.

Nabey Mam, Cakchiquel month, ii., 766.

Nabey Pach, Cakchiquel month, ii., 766.

Nabey Togic, Cakchiquel month, ii., 766.

Nabey Tumuzuz, Cakchiquel month, ii., 766.

Nabiltse, North Californian lang., iii., 642.

Naboh Choweshaks, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 447.

Nacalxur, v., 252, see Nacaxoc.

Nacameri, village, Sonora, i., 601.

Nacameri River, i., 605.

Nacapahuazcan, locality, Puebla, v., 490.

Nacaugna, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 460.

Nacaxoc (Nacalxur, Nacaxoc Mitl, Nacaxzoch, Nacazxoc, Nacazxot), Toltec king, v., 252, 261, 297.

Nacazpipilolxochi, Cholultec priest, v., 495-6.

Nachan (Pachan), name applied to Palenque, iv., 294-5; hist., v., 159, 163, 187, 221.

Nackneck River, i., 140.

Nacochtli, Nahua ear-rings, ii., 404.

Nacon, Maya title, ii., 693, 741; iii., 473.

Nacooche Valley, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 768.

Nacori, village, Sonora, i., 606-7.

Nacuix, name of Chichimec country, v., 219.

Nacxit, king of Copan, v., 552, 558.

Nacxitl, Nahua god, iii., 416.

Náélims (Nahelems), tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 307.

Nagailers, tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-37; location, i., 145.

Nagarandas, i., 792, see Nagrandans.

Naggeuktormutes (Naggeuktoomutes), tribe of Eskimos, i., 40-69; location, i., 42, 138.

Nagrandans (Nagarandas, Nagrandas), Guatemala tribe, i., 686-711; location, i., 688, 792; hist., v., 613.

Nagualism, belief in a guardian spirit, i., 740; ii., 277; iii., 458-9, 467, 482.

Nagun-alayeksa, i., 37, see Unalaska.

Nahajuey, i., 459, see Nahuey.

Naha-'tdinnè, Kutchin dialect, iii., 587.

Nahchess River, i., 320.

Nahelems, i., 307, see Náélims.

Nahlohs, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 449.

Nahual Teteuctin, Nahua order of chivalry, v., 253.

Nahua Nations (Nahoas), manners and customs, ii., 133-629; name, ii., 129; government, ii., 133-239, 433-72; education, ii., 240-51; marriage, ii., 251-66; women and children, ii., 266-81; amusements, ii., 283-301; festivals and feasts, ii., 302-41; food, ii., 342-62; dress, ii., 363-77; commerce, ii., 378-97; boats, ii., 397-9; weapons and war, ii., 400-32; arts and manufactures, ii., 473-92; oratory and poetry, ii., 492-7; arithmetic, ii., 497-500; calendar, ii., 502-22; hieroglyphics, ii., 523-52; dwellings and architecture, ii., 160-174, 553-89; medicine, ii., 591-602; burial, ii., 603-23; physique, ii., 624-5; character, ii., 626-9; manners and customs also described with Mexicans Central and Southern, i., 617-70; location, i., 617, 670-81; myth., ii., 200-15, 245-6, 292, 302-41, 388-97, 604-5, 616-23; iii., 55-74, 109-13, 119-23, 128-9, 179-231, 237-460, 511-15, 532-41; v., 84-91, 350; lang., iii., 723-58; v., 352, 508, 510, 527, 537; hist., ii., 91-114; iii., 270, 307-8; v., 188-538, 541-6, 553-7, 561, 564-8, 595-7, 601, 606, 616-17, 621, 623.

Nahuatlacs, Central Mexican tribe, i., 617-44; location, i., 675-6; hist., v., 305-10.

Nahuatls, Guatemalan tribe, i., 686-711; special mention, i., 701.

Nahualoztomecas, Nahua merchants, ii., 381.

Nahuey (Nahajuey), South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Nahui Ollin Tonatiuh, Nahua calendar sign, ii., 339; v., 205.

Nahuixochitl, lord of Tzotzolan, v., 461-2.

Naiagutls, North Californian tribe, i., 326-61; location, i., 444.

Naig (Naique), Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 453.

Naila, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 458.

Najarites, i., 607, see Nayarits.

Nalalsemoch, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 294.

Nalegak, Eskimo title of chief, i., 65.

Nambe, Pueblo village, i., 527, 599; lang., iii., 681.

Nambe Creek, i., 599.

Names, Hyperboreans, i., 37, 40-1, 69-71, 87, 94-5, 111-12, 116, 121; Columbians, i., 151-2, 202, 219, 222, 245, 248, 279, 288; Californians, i., 325-6, 344, 357, 438, 468; iii., 636; Mexicans, i., 634-5, 670; ii., 85, 274-5; v., 324, 346; Mayas, ii., 665, 680-1; antiq., iv., 154, 294-6; metaphoric, iii., 35-6.

Namocuix, Chichimec king, v., 220.

Nanacatl, an intoxicating mushroom, ii., 394.

Nanahuani, South Californian tribe, i., 402-22; location, i., 459.

Nanahuatzin, Nahua god, iii., 60; v., 204-5.

Nanaimo River, i., 298.

Nanaimos, tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 175, 298.

Nanchititla, Mexico antiq., iv., 480.

Nanihehecatl, name of Quetzalcoatl, iii., 267.

Nanoose, tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 176, 296.

Nanoose Harbor, i., 298.

Nantena, Tinneh fairies, iii., 142.

Naolin, Nahua god, iii., 109.

Naolingo (Tatimolo), Totonac dialect, iii., 777-8.

Napas, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 363, 451, 453; lang., iii., 650.

Napatecutli, Nahua god, iii., 417-18.

Napa Valley, i., 363, 451-2.

Napobatins, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 451.

Napousney, Trinity River god, iii., 176.

Napuat, (Quetahtores), tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location, i., 592.

Naranjan, city, Michoacan, v., 511.

Narcotics, i., 667; ii., 330, 600.

Narices, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 613.

Narkocktau, tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 295.

Nasals, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 305.

Nasas, i., 614, see Nazas.

Nascud, Tinneh dialect, iii., 585.

Nashville, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 776.

Naskootains, tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-37; location, i., 146.

Nasomahs, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 308.

Nasqually, i., 301, see Nisqually.

Nass, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 155, 293-4; special mention, i., 156, 173; lang., iii., 606-7.

Nass River, i., 38, 94, 142, 155, 293-4.

Nass-Shakieyehl, home of Yehl, iii., 146.

Nata, Nahua Noah, iii., 66.

Natá, tribe of Isthmians, i., 747-85; location, i., 795; lang., iii., 794.

Natages (Natajes), tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location, i., 474; iii., 595.

Natche Kutchin (Gens de Large), tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-37; location, i., 115, 147.

Natchez, Florida tribe, early condition and lang., v., 538-9.

Nateotetain River, i., 146.

Nateotetains, tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-37; location, i., 114, 146; special mention, i., 127.

Nate-sa, i., 132, see Natsahi.

National Buena Esperanza, locality, Central California, i., 455.

National Museum, Mexico, antiq., iv., 560-3.

Natividad Navajoa (Navohoua), village, Sonora, i., 607.

Natividad, Puebla, antiq., iv., 477-8.

Natliautin, tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-37; location, i., 145.

Natora, village, Sonora, i., 606.

Natsahi (Nate-sa), Kutchin clan, i., 132.

Na-tsik-Kut-chin (Na-tsik-koo-chin), tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-37; location, i., 147; lang., iii., 586.

Nature, influence on physique and character, see Environment.

Natykinskojes, tribe of Aleuts, i., 87-94; location, i., 141.

Nauaq, epithet for Tonacateotle, iii., 191.

Nauhtlan, city, Vera Cruz, v., 439.

Nauhyotl, Chichimec king, v., 220.

Nauhyotl I. (Nauhyotzin), Toltec king, v., 248, 256, 263-5.

Nauhyotl II., Toltec king, v., 276.

Nauhyotl III. (Coyol, Coyotl), Toltec king, v., 299-304.

Nauhyotl IV., Toltec king, v., 361-4.

Nauhyotzin, v., 248, see Nauhyotl I.

Nauni, name for Comanches, i., 473.

Navahóa (Navohoua), i., 607-8, see Natividad Navajoa.

Navajas, see Cerro de las Navajas.

Navajo River, i., 465.

Navajos (Navahoes, Navajoes, Navajoos), tribe of Apaches, i., 473-526; location and name, i., 464, 475, 596; special mention, i., 477-8, 482-3, 486, 488-91, 494-5, 498, 501-6, 508, 510, 512-13, 520-5; myth., iii., 81-3, 117, 120, 171, 528; v., 20; lang., iii., 602.

Navajo Spring, Arizona, antiq., iv., 644.

Navigandis, tribe of Isthmians, i., 747-85; special mention, i., 785.

Navigation, pre-historic, v., 10-11, see also Boats.

Navohoua, i., 607, see Natividad Navajoa.

Navon de los Pecos, i., 600, see Pecos.

Nawdowessies, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; special mention, i., 158.

Naweetees, i., 295, see Newittees.

Nawloks, Haidah spirits, iii., 150.

Nawmooits, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 309.

Nayab chab, Maya intercalary days, ii., 759.

Nayarit (Nuevo Toledo), locality, Jalisco, i., 671-2; v., 509.

Nayarits (Najarites), North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 607; lang., iii., 719-20.

Nayeb haab, Maya intercalary days, ii., 759.

Nazas (Nasas), North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 613.

Neachesna River, i., 307.

Neah Bay (Waadda), i., 220, 302.

Near Island, i., 87.

Nebah (Nebak), Guatemala, antiq., iv., 131.

Neçalhualcoiotl, ii., 134, see Nezahualcoyotl.

Necaoalpilli, name for Tezcatlipoca, iii., 199.

Necatitlan, suburb of Mexico, ii., 560.

Nechecolees (Nechakokes, Nechecolies), tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 223, 306; special mention, i., 230.

Necketos (Neekeetoos), tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 307.

Necklaces, i., 368-9, 482, 533, 551, 559, 574, 623, 649-51, 732, 752, 754; ii., 376, 733.

Necociautl, name for Tezcatlipoca, iii., 199.

Necomanchees (Nickomins), tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 305.

Necoons, tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 292.

Necootimeighs, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 317.

Necuametl, ancient country of Chichimecs, v., 219.

Necultas, tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 298.

Neecelowes, i., 293, see Neeslous.

Needles, i., 73, 79, 91, 191, 236, 407, 563.

Neekeetoos, i., 307, see Necketos.

Neerchokioons, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 306.

Neeshenams (Neshenams), Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 451; special mention, i., 386, 389, 397; myth., iii., 531-2, 545-6; lang., iii., 648-9, 652.

Neeslous (Neecelowes), tribe of Haidahs, i., 155-74; location, i., 293-4.

Neetlakapamuch, British Columbia, lang., iii., 613.

Neewamish, tribe of Sound Indians, i., 208-22; location, i., 300.

Neewamish River, i., 300.

Negritos, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Negroes, Isthmian slaves, i., 772; antiq., iv., 427.

Neguales, North Mexican tribe, i., 571-91; location, i., 611.

Nehalem River, i., 305.

Nehannes (Nehannees, Nohhannies), tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-37; location, i., 148-9; special mention, i., 125; lang., iii., 587.

Neixcotlapatli, an emetic, ii., 599.

Nemalquinners, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 309.

Nemontemi, Nahua intercalary days, ii., 275, 508.

Nemshous (Nemshans, Nemshaws, Nemshoos), Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 450; lang., iii., 649.

Nena, wife of Nahua Noah, iii., 66.

Nennequi, Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 454.

Nephites, American origin-traces, v., 98-101.

Nepohualtzitzin, Nahua knotted records, ii., 551.

Nequametl, Chichimec king, v., 220.

Nequatolli, a kind of gruel, ii., 355.

Nequen, maguey cloth, ii., 364, 406, 484.

Nequiteh, Trinity River god, iii., 176.

Neselitch, tribe of Chinooks. i., 222-50; location, i., 307.

Nespeelum Creek, i., 316.

Nespeelums, Inland Columbian tribe, i., 250-91; location, i., 315.

Nespods, tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 295.

Nesquallis, i., 301, see Nisquallies.

Netecuitotoli, Nahua dance, ii., 290.

Netela, South Californian lang., iii., 660, 674-8.

Netentzzoponiztli, a Nahua disease, ii., 267.

Neteteliztli, Nahua dance, ii., 288.

Netonatiuhqualo, Nahua festival, ii., 339.

Netotoliztli, Nahua dance, ii., 295.

Nets, Hyperboreans, i., 55-6, 76, 90, 118, 123; Columbians, i., 162-4, 185-7, 212-14, 233, 262; Californians, i., 337-9, 375-6, 406, 428; New Mexicans, i., 488, 500-2, 539, 562-3, 566; Mexicans, i., 652, 656-7; ii., 351-2; v., 325; Central Americans, i., 694, 697-8, 708, 719, 724, 760, 765; ii., 721, 752.

Nettles, i., 185, 568.

Netzicho, Zapotec dialect, iii., 754.

Neuchallets (Neuchadlits, Noochahlaht), tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 295.

Neuksack, i., 209, 299, see Nooksak.

Neukwers, tribe of Sound Indians, i., 208-22; location, i., 299.

Neutubvig, tribe of Sound Indians, i., 208-22; location, i., 300.

Neuwitties, i., 295, see Newittees.

Nevada, manners and customs of tribes, i., 422-42; location, i., 322, 460, 465-9; lang., iii., 661-3; antiq., iv., 713-14.

Nevada County, California, antiq., iv., 706.

Nevichumnes, i., 450, see Newatchumnes.

Nevome, Pima dialect, iii., 695.

New Almaden, California, antiq., iv., 696.

Newark, Mississippi Valley, antiq., iv., 758-9, 785.

Newaskees, tribe of Chinooks, i., 222-50; location, i., 309.

Newatchumnes (Nevichumnes, Newichumnes), Central Californian tribe, i., 361-401; location, i., 450; lang., iii., 649.

Newatees, i., 175, see Newittees.

Newathie, Mojave god, iii., 175.

New Caledonia, i., 145, 313.

Newchemas (Nuchimas), tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 295; special mention, i., 178, 182; lang., iii., 608.

New Dungeness, locality, Washington, i., 212.

New Granada, iv., 15, see Colombia.

Newicarguts, tribe of Tinneh, i., 114-37; location, i., 115, 147.

Newittees (Naweetees, Newatees, Neuwitties, Newette), tribe of Nootkas, i., 174-208; location, i., 175, 292, 295.

New Mexicans, one of the seven groups into which the natives of the Pacific States are divided, located in New Mexico, Arizona, Lower California, Sonora, Sinaloa, Chihuahua, Durango, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, northern Zacatecas, and western Texas, between latitudes 36° and 23°, longitude, 96° and 117°, subdivided into four families--the Apaches, Pueblos, Lower Californians, and Northern Mexicans; manners and customs of each described separately, i., 471-614; location, divisions and tribal boundaries, i., 471-3, 591-614; myth., i., 520, 538, 553-4, 587-8; iii., 75-85, 169-75, 526-31; lang., i., 528; iii., 568-9, 680-722; antiq., i., 537-8; iv., 615-86; origin, v., 20; hist., v., 537-8.

New Mexico, tribes, i., 471-556, 591-601; lang., iii., 593-5, 660-4, 680-3; antiq., iv., 615-86.