Peter Parley's common school history

Front matter

t

.

w

Introduction

(HATTER FAos

I. Parley begins by telling about History, Geography, and other matters, ...9

II. Parley begins by telling how the World is divided into Land and Water, ..10

III. About the inhabitants of Asia, Africa, and other Countries, 13

IV. About the different Kinds of People in the World, 13

ASIA.

V. About the Climate, Productions, Mountains, People, and Animals, of Asia,

and other things, .....14

VI. About the Creation. The Deluge, ....17

VII. How Noah and his Family came out of the Ark. Howthu People settled

in the Land of Shinar. About Babel, 18

VIII. More about Babel, 20

IX. About the great Assyrian Empire, and Ileign of Queen Semiramis, 21

X. Queen Semiramis sets forth to conquer the World, but is defeated by the

King of the Indies, 22

XI. About Ninias. Reign of Sardanapalus, and Ruin of the Assyrian Empire, 23

XII. About the Hebrews or Jews. Origin of the Hebrews. The Removal of

Jacob and his Children to Egypt, 25

XIII. The Bondage in Egypt. Flight of the Hebrews, and Destruction of

Pharaoh and his Host, 26

XIV. About the Wanderings of the Israelites in the Wilderness, 28

XV. Overthrow of the Midianites. Samson, Judge of Israel, 30

XVI. Samson’s Exploits and Death, 32

XVII. Beginning of the Reign of Saul, 34

XVIII. Combat of David and Goliath, 35

XIX, The reign of David. Wisdom of Solomon, ...36

XX. The Building of the Temple. Visit of the Queen of Sheba, 37

XXI. The Decline of the Jewish Nation, 39

XXII. The Hebrew Prophets, 40

XXIII. Crucifixion of the Saviour. Destruction of Jerusalem, 42

XXIV. Cyrus conquers Babylon. His Death, 44

XXV. Reign of Cambyses, .............45

XXVI. Expedition of Xerxes into Greece, 46

XXVII. Affairs of Persia till the Saracen Conquest, 48

tXVIII. Modern History of Persia, 49

XXIX. Early History of China, 51

XXX. Anecdotes of the Chinese Emperors, 52

XXXI. Cities of China. Manners of the Chinese, 54

XXXII. Origin of the Arabs. Rise of Mahomet, 55

XXXIII. Sequel of the History of the Saracens, 57

XXXIV. About Syria, Phaenicia, and Asia Minor, 59

XXXV. A Brief View of several Nations, 61

XXXVI. Review of the History of Asia, 62

XXXVII. Chronolgy of Asia,

AFRICA.

XXXVIII. About the Geography of Africa. The Inhabitants, 67

XXXIX. Early Sovereigns of Egypt, 69

XL. Egyptian Architecture and Sculpture, 71

XLI. The Ptolemies and Queen Cleopatra, .....74

l*

CHAPTER fAO«

XLII. Sequel of the Egyptian History, 76

XLIII. Summary of ^Ethiopian Matters, 77

XLIV. Origin of the Barbary States, and their Piracies on the Christians, 78

XLY. Fables and Facts about Africa, 79

XLVI. History of the Slave-Trade, 80

XL VII. Chronology of Africa, 81

EUROPE.

XLVIII. Introductory Remarks on its Geography, and other Matters, 82

XLIX. About Greece ; where it is situated. Appearance of the Country ; Climate, 86

L. The Extent of Greece. First Settlement of the Country, 88

LI. The Grecian Lawgivers, 89

LII. War with Persia, 90

LIII. Affairs of Athens, 91

LIV. Beginning of the Theban War, 93

LV. Sequel of the Theban War, 94

LVI. Grecian Religion or Mythology, 95

LVII. The Grecian Philosophers, 99

LVIII. The Grecian Philosophers continued, 100

LIX. Something more about Philosophers. About the Greek Poets,.... 101

LX. About the Mode of Life among the Ancient Greeks, 102

LXI. Philip of Macedon conquers Greece, 104

LXII. Conquests of Alexander the Great, 106

LXIII. Seque. to Alexander’s Career, 108

LXIV. Greece invaded by the Gauls, ....109

LXV. End of Grecian Independence, 110

LXVI. Modern History of Greece, Ill

LX VII. About Italy as it now is, , 112

LX VIII. Founding of Rome by Romulus. Its early State, 115

LXIX. Battle of the Horatii and Curiatii, 118

LXX. From the reign of Ancus Martius till the Expulsion of the Kings, 119

LXXI. The Story of Coriolanus, 121

LXXII. Rome invaded by the Gauls. The first Punic War, 122

LXXIII. Second and third Punic Wars, 124

LXXIV. Scipio’s Triumph, 125

LXXV. Sylla and Marius, 126

LXX VI. Cneius Pompey and Julius Caesar, 127

LXX VII. Caesar usurps the Supreme Power, 128

LXX VIII. Assassination of Julius Caesar, 129

LXXIX. Consequences of Caesar’s Death, 130

LXXX. About the great Power and Extent of the Roman Empire in the Time of

Augustus, 132

LXXXI. The Means by which Rome acquired its Power, 133

LXXXII. Rome under the Emperors, 134

LXXXIII. Fall of the Western Empire of the Romans, 136

LXXXIV. Progress of the Decline of Rome, 137

LXXXV. Manners and Customs of the Ancient Romans, 139

LXXX VI. About Religion. Deities. Temples. Marriage,. 140

LXXXVII. About Funeral Rites and Ceremonies, 143

LXXXVIII. Roman Farms. Mode of Ploughing. Farm Houses. Grain. Cattle.

Superstitions of the Farmers. Gardens. Vines, 144

LXXXIX. Country Housos. Description of Pliny’s Villa. Aqueducts, 145

XC. Military Affairs of the Romans. Division of the Army. The Imperial Eagle. Music. Arms. Dress. Military Rewards. Crowns. The

Triumph, I47

XCI. About Naval Affairs. The War Galley. Commerce. Shows of Wild

Beasts. Exhibitions of Gladiators, 149

XCII. Sports. Chariot Racing. The Circus. Carriages. Private Entertainments. Supper Rooms. Convivial Parties. Luxuries,.... 150

XCIII. About Theatres. Clocks and Watches. The Fine Arts. Books and

Writing. Costume. Conclusion, 152

XCIV. Rome under the Popes, 153

XCV. About several other Italian States, 15®

XCVI. About the Ottoman Empire. Turkey in Europe. Turkey in Asia.

About the Climate, People, and other Things, 167

Contents

CHAPTER pagi

XCVII About the Saracens. How the Turks overturned the Saracen Empire.

How the Ottoman Turks founded the Ottoman Empire. About

Chapter I.— Introduction

Parley begins by telling about History , Geography , and other Matters.

1. I suppose you have often met with the words History and Geography. History tells the story of mankind since the world was created, and may be compared to an old man who has lived for thousands of years, and who has seen cities built and fall into decay ; who has seen nations rise, flourish, and disappear; and who, with a memory full of wonderful things, sits down to tell you of all that has happened during so many ages.

2. Geography is a description of towns, rivers, mountains, and countries; the things which a traveller sees in going from one place to another. Geography, then, may be compared to some roving fellow who has been all over the world in ships, stages, and steamboats, and who has come back to give us an account of all he has seen.

3. You will see, then, titat History is a record of events that have happened, and that Geography tells you of the places where they happened. In order to understand the former, you must know something of the latter. How, in this little book I propose to recount the history of the world ; I shall therefore sometimes seem to put on the old grey-beard of history, who has lived for thousands of years, and tell you of what has come to pass; and sometimes I shall make you fancy yourself in a balloon or vessel, and carry you with me to the places where the events I am to relate, have occurred.

4. I shall, in the progress of my story, tell you about the creation of the first man and woman; of tne large family they had; and how these increased and spread themselves throughout different countries. I shall tell you of the great nations that have existed, of the great battles that have been fought, and of the deeds of celebrated persons.

5. But, before I proceed, I must remind you that the world is mund, and that men and animals live upon the surface ; that the face of the

Questions for examination. Chap. I. — 1. What is history ? To what may it be compared ? 2. What is geography ? To what may it be compared ? 5. What is the shape

of the earth? Where do men and animals live ? How is the face of the land divided? What grow upon the land ? What live upon the land? What are built upon the land 7

INTRODUCTION.

earth is divided into land and water ; that on the land, trees, grass, nerbs, and flowers grow ; that on the land men and animals dwell ; that on the land, towns, cities, and villages are built.

6. A high piece of land, you know, is called a mountain or hill ; a low piece ofland is called a valley. You often see water running in a stream through a valley, which is called a river; and you sometimes see a still piece of water surrounded by hills, which is called a lake

7, About one third of the face of the earth is land, and two thirds are water. The land is divided into two great continents; the western continent consists of North and South America; the eastern continent consists of Europe, Africa, and Asia.

Chapter Ii.— Introduction Continued

Parley proceeds to tell how the World is divided into Land and Water.

1. I have just told my readers, that about two thirds of the face of the earth are covered with water. This water is one vast salt sea, but to different parts of it we give different names.

2. That part which lies between America and Europe is called the Atlantic Ocean, and is about three thousand miles wide; that part which lies between America and Asia is called the Pacific Ocean, and is about ten thousand miles wide. There are many other names given to other parts of the great salt sea.

3. Ships, as you well know, sail from one country to another upon the water, and in this way a great deal of trade or commerce is carried on. But, as mankind live on the land, my stories will chiefly relate to what has happened on the land.

4. I suppose you have heard people speak of the four quarters of the world. By this they mean America, Europe, Africa, and Asia Besides these, there are a great many pieces of land encircled by water, called islands.

5. In the Pacific Ocean there are many of these, the inhabitants oi which are very numerous. These islands are considered a fifth division of the world, and are called Oceania.

6. Now what I am going to tell you has happened in these different parts of the world. In order to understand my stories, it is necessary you should look over the maps which are here given. These will show you where the different countries are, about which I am going to speak.

6. What is a mountain or hill ? A valley ? A river ? Lake ? 7. What part of the face of the earth is land ? What portion is water ? How is the land divided ? What of the westeru continent ? The eastern ? Ch. II. — 1. What of the great mass of water that covers two thirds of the earth? 2. What of the Atlantic Ocean? The Pacific? 3. What of ships ? What of the land ? 4. What are the four quarters of the world ? What is a a Island? 5. What of Oceania?

Map of the Western Hemisphere, including North and South

America.

North

Arc tic Sea

w( Fu£fuisi

TLiulsons.

iN. AM ERICA

% /kMiViu*.

^Washington d£o0teans

^ C a lifornfa\

ndurich I s

Hauraii Apg |

PACIFIC O CEJ1J\' "

fCSf^-Ro^t/

Quito

Galapagos 7f;

ERICA

?Brazil 4 delaPiara

Fa. Ik Land

Sandwich Lurul

So utli l

Questions on the Man. —What ocean lies east of America ? What lies west ? Into what 1 wo pans L America nearly divided ? Tel’ the direction of the following places irom Bosiou : Cape Horn ; Oreon Und ; Cape Verd Islands: Itio Janeiro; Sandwich Islands: Isew Zealand; Ateores ; Mexico; Asia KamschaLka ; Iceland.

Map of the Eastern Hemisphere, including Europe, Asia

and Africa.

S ibe

'arts U JLi ^A^llps r-x* Vienna g /jgmAlye rT%^

jf Great D esert ^

/lis "—~-^-^Joml>ucloo

^ ’^.Guinea) *Ab\

Vi China V 5 "***- <v Can ton

__ JSSITUCT^

•#Zw n£ the A/loon.

IJV'DIjUV'

S pic eft.

O CEJ 1 JY

% Jacks on

^iGrood Hope

South t

Questions on the Ma~ r— What ocean lies west of Europe ? What lies to the west of Africa ? What to the south of Atiica and Asia? What to the east of Asia? How is Europe bounded? Which way is it from Africa ? How is Africa separated from Asia? What sea lies between Africa and Europe ? Are Europe and Asia separated by water, or do they lie together in ono piece of land? How is Asia bounded ? Point your finger toward Asia. Toward Europe. To Ward AiWoa.

INTRODUCTION.

CHAPTER III.— INTRODUCTION CONTINUED. About the Inhabitants of Asia , Africa , and other Cownr

tries.

1. Before I proceed farther, I must tell you that Asia is a vas country with a multitude of cities, occupied by a great many differen nations.

2. The principal of these nations are the Tartars, who wander from place to place, and dwell chiefly in tents ; the Arabs, who have large flocks of camels and fine horses, with which they roam over the desert ; the Hindoos, or inhabitants of India, who travel about on elephants, and worship idols ; the Persians, who are very fond of poetry and have splendid palaces; the Chinese, from whom we get tea; and the Turks, who sit on cushions instead of chairs.

3. The whole population of Asia is about four hundred millions which is about half the inhabitants of the whole globe. It has ten times as many people as the whole of North and South America put together.

4. Africa, you know, is the native land of the negroes. It has a few large cities, but the whole number of people is but sixty millions.

5. Europe is divided into several nations, such as the English, French, Italians, Spaniards, German's, Russians, and others. It has many fine cities, and about three hundred millions of inhabitants.

6. America is the country where we live. It has some large cider and many pleasant towns and villages, but more than half the countn is uninhabited. The whole population is about forty millions.

7. Oceania, as I have before said, consists of many islands in the Pacific Ocean. Some o f these, as Java, Sumatra, Borneo, and New Holland, are very large, me latter being the largest island on the globe. From these countries we get pepper, cloves, coffee, and other nice things. The whole population of Oceania is about twenty millions.

Chapter Iv.— Introduction Continued

About the different Kinds of People in the World.

1. Thus you see that the ‘whole number of the inhabitants upon the globe is about ten hundred millions. All these are descended from Adam and Eve, whom the Bible tells us lived iu the garden of Eden *

Ch. III. — 1. What of Asia ? 2. What arc the principal nations of Asia ? 3. 1 >pula tion of Asia? 4. What of Africa? Population? 5. What of Europe? Population? 6. What of America ? Population? 7. What of Oceania? In which direction are the Oceanic islands from New York ? What do we get from Oceania ? Population ? Where are the Oceanic islands ? Ch. IV.— 1. What is the whole population of the globe Where did Adam and Eve live ?

O

INTRODUCTION.

2. W hat an immense family to have proceeded from one pair ! You may well believe that it has taken many years for the human family to increase to this extent.

3. If you were to travel in different countries, you would observe that the inhabitants differ very much in their color, dress, and mode of living.

4. Some have dark skins, like the color of a dead leaf, as the American Indians; some have a yellowish or olive color, like the Chinese , some are of a deep, sooty brown, like the Hindoos ; some are black, like the negroes, and some are white, like the English, and the people of the United States.

i). In some countries the people live in huts built of mud or sticks, and subsist by hunting with the bow and arrow. These are said to be in the savage state. Our American Indians, some of the negroes of Africa, some of the inhabitants of Asia, and most of the Oceanians, are savages.

6. In some countries the people live m houses partly of stone and mud. They have few books, no churches or meetinghouses, and worship idols. Such are most of the negroes of Africa, and many tribes in Asia. These are said to be in the barbarous state, and are often called barbarians. Many of their customs are very cruel.

7. In some countries the inhabitants live in tolerable houses, and the rich have fine palaces. The people have many ingenious arts, but the schools are poor, and but a small portion are taught to read and write. The Chinese, the Hindoos, the Turks, and some other nations of Asia, with some of the inhabitants of Africa and Europe, are in this condition, which may be called a civilized state.

8. In many parts of Europe, and in the United States, the people live in good houses, they have good furniture, many books, good schools, churches meetinghouses, steamboats, and railroads. These are in the highest state of 'ivilization.

9. Thus you observe that mankind may be divided into four classes; — those who are in the savage state, those who are in a barbarous state, those who are merely civilized, and those who are in the highest state of civilization.

Chapter V.— Asia

About the Climate , Productions , Mountains , People , and Animals , of Asia , and other Things.

1. I have already said that Asia is a vast country, containing a great .nany cities, and a multitude of inhabitants. It lies on tne op-

3. What would you observe in travelling through different countries ? 5. What of peo.

f ile in the savage state ? 6. What of people in the barbarous state ? 7. What of people >j the c>vili*ed state ? S. What of people in the highest state of civilization ? 9. Into What four classes may mankind be divided ? Ch. V. — 1. What of Asia ? Where is Asia

ASIA r posite side of the earth from us, and you may go to it by crossing the Pacific Oc«*n on the west, or crossing the Atlantic and Europe on the east.

2. In the southern portion of Asia the climate is warm, as in our southern states. These parts are chiefly inhabited by the Chinese, Hindoos, Persians, Arabians, and Turks. In many places the country is fertile ; and in the valleys, beautiful flowers, spicy shrubs, and fragrant trees are found.

3. Wild birds of the most brilliant colors are often seen in the forests. Peacocks, pheasants, and our domestic fowls are natives of these sunny regions. Oranges grow wild in some parts, and many of our most splendid garden flowers are to be found growing on the nills and in the valleys of Southern Asia.

4. In the centre of Asia, there are some mountains whose tops are covered with everlasting snow. These are the loftiest peaks in the world, and are nearly six miles in height. To the north of these is a cold region, where there are vast plains with scattered tribes of Tartars roaming over them for the scanty pastures they afford for their camels and horses.

5. In these gloomy tracts, there are few towns or cities. The inhabitants are for the most part wanderers, who build no houses, but dwell in tents, and live upon the milk and flesh of their flocks. They also hunt the wild deer, antelopes, and other animals that are found in tl ese regions.

6. The native animals of Asia are many of them very remarkable. The elephant is found in the thickets, the rhinoceros along the banks of rivers, the lion in the plains, the royal tiger in the forests, monkeys and apes of many kinds abound in the hot parts, and serpents thirty feet in length are sometimes met with.

How can you go lo it? Point your finger towards Asia. 2. Climate of Southern Asia J What nations live in Southern Asia ? Productions ? % . Birds ? Fruits ? Flowers ? 4. Mounjains ? What of Northern Asia? 5. Inhabitants? 6. Animals of Asia *

J

i

SCHOOL HISTORY.

Map of Asia.

Questions on the Map . — How is Asia bounded on the north ? East? South? West? Which way is Asia from Europe? In what part of Asia is Persia? In which direction from Persia i* Arabia? Hindostan? China? Tartary? Siberia? Red Sea? Egypt? Mediterranean Sea/ In what part of .»8>a is the river Euphrates ?

ASIA.

1?

7. In the southern portions of Asia, hurricanes are common ; and these sometimes are so violent as to overturn the houses, rend the forests in pieces, and scatter ruin and desolation over the land. The country is often parched with drought, and destructive famine follows. Sometimes millions of locusts come borne upon the wind, and devour ;very green thing, so that nothing is left for man or beast. Pestilence jften visits the people, and sweeps away thousands upon thousands.

8. Such is Asia, a land of wonders both in its geography and his •ory. It is the largest of the four quarters of the globe ; it contain* the loftiest mountains, it affords the greatest variety of animal ane vegetable productions, and the seasons here display at once their most beautiful and their most fearful works.

9. Asia, too, is the most populous quarter of the globe ; it contained the first human inhabitants, and from this quarter, all the rest of the globe has been peopled. Here, too, the most remarkable events took place that belong to the history of man. Here the most wonderful personages were born that have ever trod this earth ; and here, too, the mighty miracles of Jehovah were wrought.

Chapter Vi.— Asia Continued

About the Creation. The Deluge.

1. The first portion of the world inhabited by mankind, was Asia, the next was Africa ; the next was Europe, and the last was America. How long it is since this last country was first peopled by the Indians, we do not know ; but the hrst white people came here not quite three hundred and fifty years since.

2. Let us now go back to the creation of the world. This wondeiful event took place about six thousand years ago. The story of i« is beautifully told in the first chapter of Genesis.

3. Adam and Eve were created in Asia, and were placed in the garden of Eden, not far from the river Euphrates. This river is in the western part of Asia, and is about six thousand miles in an easterly direction from New York and Boston.

4. Adam and Eve were for a lime the only human beings on this vast globe. Yet they did not feel alone, for God was with them. At length they had children, and in the course of years their descendants were very numerous.

7. Southern parts of Asia? 8. For what is Asia very remarkable as to its geography? 9. For what is Asia very remarkable as to its history ? Ch. VI. — 1. Which quarter of the globe was first inhabited ? Which quarter was nett inhabited? Which next? Which quarter was inhabited last? When was America fust peopled by the Indians? When by white people ? 2. How long is it since the world was created ? Tell the story of the creation, as related in the first chapter of Genesis. 3. Where did Adam and Eve live . ’ Where is the river Euphrates ? How far is it from New York ? Which way from Boston ? What ocean would you cross in going to the river Euphrates ?

SCHOOL HISTORY.

5. These dwelt in the neighborhood of the Euphiates, and here they uilt towns, cities, and villages. But they became very wicked. They forgot to worship God, and were unjust and cruel.

6. The Creator therefore determined to cut off the whole human family, with the exception of Noah and his children, both as a punishment to the disobedient, and as a warning to all future nations that evil must follow sin.

7. Noah was told of the coming destruction, and therefore built an ark, into which he gathered his family, and a single pair of the various kinds of land animals. It then began to rain, until all the countries of the earth were covered with a deluge of water.

8. Thus all the nations were cut off, and the world once more had but a single human family upon it. This event occurred sixteen hundred and fifty-six years after the creation.

Chapter Vii.— Asia Continued

How Noah and his family came out of the Ark. How the People settled in the Land of Shinar. About Babel.

1. The people who lived before the flood are called antediluvians. We know nothing about them except what is told in the Bible. It is probable that they extended over but a small part of Asia, and that no human beings dwelt either in Africa, Europe, or America, before the flood.

2. The deluge is su^ posed to have commenced in November, and the rain is thought to have ceased in March. After a while the waters subsided, and Noah’s ark rested upon the top of a tall mountain in Armenia, called Ararat, which is still to be seen.

3. The people and animals now came out of the ark, and from them the world was again stocked with inhabitants. The animals spread themselves abroad, and after many centuries they were extended into all countries.

4. Noah had three sons, Shem, Ham, and Japheth. These, with their families, proceeded to the country of Shinar, which lies to the south of Mount Ararat.

5. Here they settled themselves on the borders of the river Euphrates, probably the same country that had been inhabited by the antediluvians. It is in this region that the first nations were formed.

5. Where did the descendants of Adam and Eve dwell ? What did they do? 6. Whst did God determine to do ? Why did God determine to destroy mankind ? 7. What of Noah? Describe the deluge. 8. What was the effect of the deluge? When did the deluge take place? Ch. VII. — 1. What of those who lived before the flood? When did the deluge begin and end? What of Mount Ararat? 3. What of the people that came out of the ark? The animals? 4. What three sons had Noah? What did the descendants f Noan do? 6 . Where did they settle ? Where was the land of Shinar?

ASIA.

Map of Ancient Countries.

Questions on the Map. — How is Arabia bounded ? Asia Minor ? The Mediterranean Sea ? Tell the direction of the following places from Italy: Parthia, Media ; Caspian Sea ; Byzantium ; Red Sea ; Syria; Jerusalem; Persia. Where does the river Euphrates rise? Where does it empty ? Which way was Shinar from Mount Ararat ? Which way was Jerusalem from Babylon? Mneveh fr<jm Babylon? Egypt? Persia? Which way was Syria from the Mediterranean Sea? Direction of the following places from Babylon* Egypt? Asia Minor ? Greece? Macedonia? Italy? Canaan? Persia?

SCHOOL HISTORY.

6. The people increased very rapidly, and, at the end of a hundred years from the deluge, they were quite numerous. Most of Noah’s family were at this time alive. They had told their descendants how the world had been overflowed with water, which destroyed all the land animals, and all the people, except those that were iD the ark.

7. All who remembered the deluge, or had heard of it, were afraid that the wickedness of mankind would again be punished in a simi lar way. They therefore resolved to build a tower, that they might mount upon it, and save themselves from destruction.

8. Accordingly they laid the foundation of the edifice on the eastern bank of the river Euphrates. Perhaps they expected to rear the tower so high, that its top would touch the blue sky, and enable them to climb into heaven.

9. Their building materials were bricks that had been baked in the sun. Instead of mortar, they cemented the bricks together with a sort of slime or pitch.

10. The workmen labored very diligently, and piled one layer of bricks upon another, till the earth was a considerable distance beneath them. But the blue sky, and the sun, and the stars seemed as far off as when they first began.

CHAPTER VIII.— ASIA CONTINUED. More about Babel

1. One day, while these foolish people were at their labor, a very wonderful thing took place. They were talking together as usual, but, all of a sudden, they found it impossible to understand what each other said.

2. If any of the workmen called for bricks, their companions at the bottom of the tower might mistake their meaning, and bring them pitch. If they asked for one sort of tool, another sort was given them. Their words appeared to be mere sounds without any sense, like the babble of a little child, before it has been taught to speak.

3. This event caused such confusion that they could not go on building the tower. They therefore gave up the idea of climbing iO heaven, and resolved to wander to different parts of the earth.

4. It is likely that they formed themselves into several parties, consisting of all who could' talk intelligibly together. They set forth on their journey in various directions.

5. As each company departed, they probably threw a sad glance

6. What of the people ? 7. Why did they resolve to build the tower of Babel ?