A Pictorial History of France ... Revised ... edition, brought down to the present time

Front matter

i. 2, 3. 4. 5. 6. 7 STANDARD HISTORICAL SCHOOL SERIES. BY S. G. GOODRICH. GOODRICH'S PICTORIAL HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER PORTIONS OF AMERICA. GOODRICH'S PICTORIAL HISTORY OF ENGLAND. GOODRICH'S PICTORIAL HISTORY OF FRANCE. GOODRICH'S PICTORIAL HISTORY OF GREECE, ANCIENT AND MODERN. GOODRICH'S PICTORIAL HISTORY OF ROME AND MODERN ITALY. GOODRICH.— PARLEY'S COMMON SCHOOL HISTORY— A Brief Compend of Universal History. GOODRICH'S FIRST HISTORY— An Introduction to Parley's Cot mon Sc toot History. A PICTORIAL HISTORY OF FRANCE. FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS. BY S. G. GOODRICH, AUTHOR OF PETER PARLEY 3 TALES. REVISED AND IMPROVED EDITION, BROUGHT DOWN TO THE PRESENT TIME. PHILADELPHIA : PUBLISHED BY E. H. BUTLER & CO 1868. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1842, by S. G. GOODRICH. In .to Clerk's Office of the District Court of Massachusetts

Preface

. In the preparation of the following pages, it is proper to say, that the writer has been largely assisted by Mrs. Markham's History of France, especially in the details which relate to the manners and customs of dit t'erent ages, and the progress of civilization. The work is particularly designed for schools, and therefore especia efforts have been made to render it interesting and instructive ; to keep the general thread of the narrative clearly in view, while a variety of in cidents are thrown in, illustrative of events, and reflecting light upon the spirit of the age. The history of France occupies so large a space in the general history of Europe, and is so interwoven with that of surrounding nations, thai it becomes, of necessity, to a considerable extent, a history of Europe. It is believed, that, as an introduction to the study of European History, this work may prove useful. -r »fT\ Entered, aocording to Act of Congress, in the year 1855, by S. G. GOODRICH, I D the Clerk's Office of the District Coutt of the Southern District of New York. CONTENTS.

Introduction

P»o« Csaptkr I. — Boundaries*, Extent, Climate, &c 9 U. — About the Towns, Cities, and Inhabitants <f France 11 in. — The Inhabitants of France, 13 HISTORY.

I. — About the early Inhabitants of France, 16 II . — The Romans conquer France, 19 III. — About the Franks, who drove the Romans out of France. — Pharamond. — Clodion. — Meroveus. — The long-haired Kings. — Childeric. — Clovia is converted to Christianity by his wife Clotilda. —The sacred Phial, 20 IV. —The Superstition of Clovis. — The Salic Laws. —Anecdote of Clovis and the Soldier, 23 V. — About the Merovingian Kings who succeeded Clovis. — The Mayors of the Palace, and the Fain6ans or Sluggards, -25 VI. — Review of the Merovingian Period of French History, .... 23 VII. — About King Pepin the Short, 31 VIII. — About Charles the Great, or Charlemagne, ,32 IX. — Continuation of the Reign of Charlemagne. — The Normans, . . 35 X. — Death and Burial of Charlemagne, ... .... 36 XI. — About Louis the Good-natured, 37 XII. — Of Charles the Bald, and the Language spoken in France, ... 39 XIII. — Account of the Feudal System, 40 XIV. — The Feudal System, continued, 42 XV. — Rollo the Norman establishes himself in France. —The Counts of Paris become more powerful than the King, 43 XVI. — The Race of Charlemagne lose the Throne of France, .... 47 XVII. — General Remarks upon France during the Carlovingian Dynasty, . , 5<1 XVIII. — France under Hugh Capet, b'Z XIX. — Literature of France in the Tenth Century, 53 XX. — The People believe the World to be coming to an end. — Excommunication of King Robert and its Consequences, 55 XXI. — New Style of Dress introduced. — Anecdotes of King Robert. — His Death, 56 XXII. — Reign of Henry I. — Henry sends to Muscovy or Russia for a Wife, . 58 XXIII. — Chivalry. — Education of a Knight. — Arms of a Knight, . . .60 XXIV. — Effect of Chivalry upon the Condition of the People, .... 62 XXV. — Philip the First. — William the Conqueror and his Son Robert, . . 63 CONTENTS.

CiurrsR Pao» XXVI — Account os the Crusades &> XXVII. — Causes of the Zeal of the Crusaders. —The first Band set out, under Peter the Hermit and Walter the Penniless. —They never reach the Holy Land, 67 XX VIH. — More about the first Crusade. — The Kingdom of Jerusalem founded, 69 XXIX. —The Knights of the Temple and of St. John. — The Child's Crusade, . 70 XXX. — Wretched Condition of France under Philip 1 71 XXXI -- Reign of Louis VI., surnamed the Fat. —The Condition of the Common People improves, 73 XXXII. — Melancholy Death of Prince William of England. — France is attacked by powerful Enemies, 74 XXXIII. —The Oriflamme is unfurled. —A French Prince killed by a singular Accident 76 XXXIV. —The Progress of Learning. — About the Troubadours. —Courts of Love, 77 XXXV. — Reign of Louis VII. —The second Crusade, 79 XXXVI. — More about the second Crusade, 81 XXXVII. — Illustrations of the Manners of the Age of Louis VII 83 XXXVIII. — Perfidious Conduct of Louis VII. — He makes a Pilgrimage to the Shrine of Thomas-A-Becket. — Death of Louis VII 84 XXXIX. — Philip II., surnamed Augustus. — Improvement of Paris, ... 86 XL. — Third Crusade, under Richard the Lion-hearted and Philip Augustus. — Captivity of Richard. — Saladin the Great, . ., . . .87 XLI. — The fourth Crusade. — The Venetians make a hard Bargain with the Crusaders, 90 XLII. — Continuation of the fourth Crusade. — Constantinople taken, . . .91 XLIII. — Philip gets possession of Normandy. — Battle of Bouvines, ... 92 XLIV. — Crusade against the Albigenses. —The French invade England, . . 94 XLV. — Literature ofthe Time of Philip Augustus. — Fablieux and Romances. — The fifth Crusade, 95 XLVI. — Short Reign of Louis VIII. , the Lion. — Queen Blanche governs the Kingdom as Regent, 97 XL VII. — Anecdote of Queen Blanche. — Character of Louis IX. , or St. Louis, . 93 XLVIII. — The sixth Crusade. — St. Louis taken Prisoner. — He is released upon Payment of a large Ransom, 99 XLIX. — More about St. Louis. — His Love of Justice. — The Parliament of Paris. — Bed of Justice, 101 L. — Seventh Crusade. — Death of St. Louis, 103 LI. — About Lord Joinville. — A Chateau, ... • 104 LII. — Philip III., surnamed the Bold. — The King's Barber. — The Romance of the Rose, 105 Lin. — Trials by the Judgment of God. — Ordeals and Judicial Combats.

Story of the Dog of Montargis, 107 LIV. —The Sicilian Vespers. — Death of Philip the Bold 109 LV. — Philip the Fair. — Sumptuary Laws. — Curious Fashions of Dress, . 1 IC LVL — Perfidious Conduct of Philip the Fair. — War with the Flemings. — The French suffer a great Defeat, 112 LVII. — Destruction of the Knights Templars, U3 LVIII — About Tournaments, 115 LIX. —Pride of the French Nobles. — The States-General. —Curious Charge of Magic, 116 LX. — Death of Louis X. — The Salic Law confirmed. — About the Jaws. — Charles the Fair. — The Floral Games, .... . . IIS CONTENTS.

III Chaptbr PAGa LXI. — Philip VI. of Valois — Edward does homage for Guienne. - Pravery of the Countess de Montfort, 120 LXIL — Battle of Cressy. — Cannon.— The Gabelle, 122 LXIII. — Siege of Calais. — Heroic Conduct of Six of the Citizens, . . . 124 LXIV. — Why the eldest Son of the King of France is called the Dauphin. — Battle of Poictiers. — Moderation of the Black Prince, . . .125 LXV. — Insurrection of the Peasants, called the Jacquerie. — Great Feat of three Knights, 127 LXVI. — How King Edward is induced to make Peace with France. — Honorable Conduct of King John, 123 LXVII. — The daily Occurrences in the Streets of Paris. — Character of various Nations. — About Astrology, 129 LXVIII. — About Charles V., surnamed the Wise. — The Royal Library at Paris. — The Constable du Guesclin, 130 LXIX. — The Literature and Painting of the Reign of Charles the Wise. — How the King lived, 132 LXX. — The Education of the Ladies of the Fourteenth Century, . . .134 LXXI. — More about the Ladies of the Fourteenth Century, 136 LXXII. — Charles VI., surnamed the Well-Beloved, 137 LXXIII. — About Mysteries and Moralities, 138 LXXI V. — Singular Preparations for the Invasion of England. — Melancholy Story of Charles the Well-Beloved, 140 LXXV. — Battle of Agincourt. — The Game of Cards introduced. — Meaning of the Figures on the Cards, 142 LXXVI. — Charles VII., surnamed the Victorious. — The Maid of Orleans, . 144 LXXVII. — More about the Maid of Orleans, 145 LXXVIII. — Death of the Maid of Orleans. — Charles returns to Paris. — Dreadful Famine and Pestilence, 147 LXXIX, — Wicked Conduct of the Dauphin, and unhappy Death of Charles the Victorious. — Singular Fashions in Dress, 148 LXXX. -Louis XI. —The League of the Public Good, 150 LXXXI. — About Burgundy. — Louis a Prisoner to Charles the Bold. — The Perfidy of Louis meets its due Punishment, 151 LXXXII. — Meeting between Louis XI. and Edward IV. — About Switzerland, . 193 LXXXIII. —Mary of Burgundy, 154 LXXXI V. — About Louis XL — His Superstition. — The Royal A musements. — Rat Hunting, 1 55 LXXXV. — Charles VIII. , surnamed the Courteous. — Anne of Beaujeau governs the Kingdom. — Charles wins the Hand of the Heiress of Brittany, 157 LXXXVI. — Charles invades Italy. — His rapid Success and its Omsequences. — Retires from Italy. — Gains the Battle of Fornova, . . . .159 LXXXVII. —Sudden Change in the Conduct of Charles the Courteous. — The Manner of his Death and his Character, 160 LXXXVIII. — Louis XII., called the Father of his People. — About Cardinal d'Amboise, his wise Minister. — More of Anne of Brittany, . . . i62 LXXXIX. — Singular Ceremony performed by the Nobles of Castile. — About Isabella of Castile, l&l XC. — Ambitious Project of Pope Julius II. — The League of Cambray. — Change in the regular Habits of Louis XII. causes his Death, . . 165 XCI. — About Francis I. — Ladies first appear at Court. — Change in the Fasi r»tj cf Dressing the Hair. — War in Italy, 16* CONTENTS.

Chapter Pai* CXLVII. — Philip of An jo j, Grandson of Louis, becomes King of Spain. — Anou.er War in Europe, 247 CXLVIII. —The French suffer many Defeats. — Capture of Gibraltar by the English 249 CXLIX. — Louis reduced to a very distressed Condition. — Peace of Utrecht, . 250 CL. — Domestic Afflictions of Louis XIV. — His Death, 251 CLI. — Character and Habits of Louis XIV. — Great Change in the Character of the Nobles, 253 CLII. — The Duke ofOrleans appointed Regent. — Mississippi Scheme, . 254 CLI II. —The Pestilence at Marseilles. —The benevolent Bishop, .... 256 CUV. —Louis XV. —His Character 253 CLV. — Cardinal Fleury. —The Nobles, 259 CLVI. — Maria Theresa and the Hungarians, 260 CLVII. —A Tribute to Merit —Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. — How Louis XV. came to be surnamed the Well-Beloved, 261 CLVIII.— The Military Schools established. —Fashions of Dress.— The Arts, 262 CLIX. — The old French War. —The Seven Years' War. — Quebec taken from the French. — Canada conquered by the British, 263 CLX. — The Silhouette Style. — The Family Compact. — France reduced to a very low State, 264 CLXI. — Good Character of the Dauphin. — His Death. — The Philosophers. — Voltaire and Rousseau, 265 CLXII. — Disputes between the Jesuits and Jansenists. — The King quarrels with the Parliaments. —Life at Chanteloup, 267 CLXII1. — Lettres de Cachet. —Abuse of Power by Richelieu 268 CLXIV. — Death of Louis XV. —About Frederic II. of Prussia, called the Great, 269 CLXV. — Louis XVI., surnamed the Desired. — Marie Antoinette, his Queen, . 271 CLXVI. — More about Marie Antoinette. — Monsieur, afterwards Louis XVIII. — The Count d'Artois, afterwards Charles X., 273 CLXVII. — Dr.

Franklin in Paris. —Revolutions in Dress, 275 CLXVIII. —Turgot. — Necker.— The American Revolutionary War.— La Fayette, 277 CLXIX. — Events which preceded the French Revolution, 278 CLXX. — The Duke of Orleans. — Madame de Genlis. — The Duke de Chartres, now Louis Philippe. — Mirabeau, 280 CLXXI. — Meeting of the States-General. — The Jacobin Club. — A Royal Session. — Meeting at the Tennis Court, 231 CLXXII. — The Royal Session held. — Indignant Speech of Count Mirabeau. — The tri-colored Cockade adopted. — The National Guard organized. 283 CLXXIII. — Commencement of the French Revolution. — The Bastile destroyed. — The King and Queen deserted, 284 CLXXIV. — Abolition of Titles. — Character of Necker. —The Poissardes. — The King brought to Paris, 285 CLXXV.— The Confederation. —The Emigrants form an Army, . . 2S6 CLXXVI. — The Flight to Varennes, 287 OIXXVH.— The Flight to Varennes, continued, 238 ULXXVill. — Great Change in the Personal Appearance of the Queen. — The Emigrants receive Assistance, 289 CLXXIX. —The 10th of August, 1792. —The King deposed. — Royal Family imprisoned, 290 CLXXX. — The first Year ofthe Republic. —The Jacobins become the Rulers, . 291 CLXXXI. — Trial and Death of Louis XVI., 293 CLXXXII. —The Dauphin, called Louis XVII., 29*1 CONTENTS V ClIAPTKrt pA0B CXV. — Decree o. the Doctors os the Sorbonne against Henry. — He seeks Aid from tto King of Navarre. — Death of Henry in., the last of ihe House of Valois. — General Character of that Race of Kings, . . 201 CXVI. — Effects ofthe Civil Wars on the Condition and Manners ofthe French People. — About the Soldiers. — The Authors of this Period. — Daily Life of a Schoolboy, 303 CXVll. — About Henry IV., called the Great. — Story of the Woodcutter who wished to see the King 205 CXVUI. — Siege of Paris. —Magnanimous Conduct of Henry IV., ... 207 CX3X. — Henry IV. becomes a Catholic. — Joy of the Parisians. — About the Regalia of France, 207 CXX. — More about Henry IV. —The Edict of Nantes. —The Way in which he put down Insurrections. —His Marriage, 209 CXXI. —Of Dress and other Personal Matters, 210 CXXII. — Of the Furniture. —Of the Authors of the Time of Henry IV., . 211 CXXIII. —The Duke of Sully, 212 CXXTV. — Henry's Plan for a Christian Republic. —Omens, and his Opinion of them, 213 CXXV. — Coronation of the Queen. — Death of Henry IV., 214 CXXVI. — Character of Mary de Medicis. —She is a Patron of the Arts. —Marshal d'Ancre. — The King's Favorite, de Luynes. — An old Charge of Sorcery revived 216 CXXVn. —State of Manners in the Time of Louis XIII., 218 CXXVIII. — Fashions of Dress in the Time of Louis Xm., 219 CXXIX. —Cardinal Richelieu. —The Siege of Rochelle, 220 OXXX. — Death of Richelieu. — His Patronage of the Arts and Literature. — Corneille. — Moliere. — The French Academy. — The Garden of Plants. — The first Newspaper, 222 CXXXI. — Death of Louis XIII. — Character of Cardinal Mazzarin. —The Treaty of Westphalia, 223 CXXXII. — War of the Fronde, 224 CXXXIII. —

Character of Marshal Turenne. —Treaty of the Pyrenees. — Death of Cardinal Mazarin. — Character of Louis XIV. at that Period, . 220 CXXXIV. — Louis XIV. invades Flanders. — Is compelled to retire and to make Peace, 228 CXXXV. — Louis XTV. declares War against Holland. — His rapid Conquests in that Country, 229 CXXXY1. — The Situation of Holland appears to be desperate. — The Prince of Orange, afterwards William III. of England, takes the Command. — The Peace of Nimeguen, 231 CXXXVII. — The Palace at Versailles. — The various Manufactures introduced into France by Colbert. — The Canal of Languedoc, 232 CXXXVIII. —The Literature of the Age of Louis XIV., 234 CXXXIX. —The Churchmen of the Time of Louis XIV., 236 CXL. —General Manners and Customs, 237 CXLI. — Madame de Maintenon. — The Duchess of Burgundy, .... 239 CXLH. — The Duke ofBurgundy. — The Dauphin, 240 CXLIII. — Revocation of i.xe Edict of Nantes. — Persecution of the Huguenots, 242 CXLIV. —Continuation ofthe Persecution of the Huguenots, .... 244 CXLV. — New War in Europe. — Peace of Ryswick, 245 CXLVI. — New Object of Ambition to Louis. — Proposed Partition of Spain, . 246 1* VI CONTENTS.

Chapter Pagi XCII. —Extens^e Possessions of the Emperor Charles V. — Rivalry between Charles V. and Francis I. —About Cardinal Wolsey, . . . 16U XCIII. —The Field ofthe Cloth of Gold. — Wicked Conduct of Louisa ofSavoy 170 XCIV. — About the Constable de Bourbon. — His unfortunate Fate. — Charles V. gains an unexpected Advantage over his Rival, 171 XCV. — Charles visits Francis in Prison. — Charles releases Francis.— About xhe Chevalier Bayard, the Knight without Fear and without Reproach, 173 XCVI. — The Ladies' Peace. — About the Architecture of the French, . . .175 XC VII. — More about French Architecture. — A Six Years' Summer and its Consequences, 176 XCVIII. — Death of Francis I., called the Father and Restorer of Letters and the Arts. — Henry II. marries Catherine de Medicis, 177 XCIX. — Charles V. resigns his great Power of his own Accord. — How he spent his Time in his Retirement, 17S C. — Battle of St. Quentin. — Philip of Spain's two Vows. — Palace of the Escurial. — Calais taken from the English. — Henry killed at a Tournament 180 CI. — About the Reformation. — Martin Luther. — John Calvin. — The Huguenots, 182 CII. — The Family of Guise become powerful. — Persecutions of the Huguenots. — The Psalms of David proscribed as heretical, . . 183 CIII — More about the Huguenots. — Trial and Condemnation of the Prince of Condi. — Death of Francis II, and its Consequences, . . . 185 CIV. — Catherine de Medicis. — Invention of Side-saddles in France. — Anecdotes of Catherine's Belief in Magic, 136 OV. — About Charles IX. — The Triumvirate. — Commencement of the Civil Wars 188 CVI. — War between the Roman Catholics and Huguenots. — Death of the Duke of Guise. — Singular Fate of his Assassin. — Present from Elizabeth, Queen of England, to the Huguenots, and their Return for it. — Arms in use at this Period 190 CVTI. — War with the Huguenots renewed. — Death of the Prince of Conde. — About the Bearnois. — Their Dress 191 CVIII. — About Henry Prince of Beam, afterwards Henry the Great. — By the Death of his Mother he becomes King of Navarre. — His Marriage. — Calm before a Tempest, 192 CIX. — The Massacre of St. Bartholomew, CX. — The Duke of Anjou elected King of Poland. — About the Polish Envoys and the entertainments given to them. — The superior Learning of the Poles, 19f CXI. —Sufferings and Death of Charles IX. — Conduct of his Mother.— He finds one Friend. —The Chancellor l'Hopital makes great Reforms in the Administration of Justice, 197 CXI1. — About Henry III — He leaves Poland with Delight. — His Habits and Amusements. — His Mode of Expressing Grief for the Death of a Friend, 193 CXI II — About the League. —A Plea to exclude Henry of Navarre from the Throne. — War of the three Henrys. — Death of the Prince of Conde, I9g CXIV. —Plots of the Duke of Guise. — Murder of the Duke. — Death of Catherine de Medicis, .

Contents

VII Chapter pA(ia CLXXXII1. — llie Fate os the Rest ofthe Royal Family 29S CLXXXIV. — Success of the French Army.— Spirit of ihe People, . . . . 2T CLXXXV. — The Reign of Terror 298 CLXXXVI. — Napoleon Bonaparte 299 CLXXXVII. — Bonaparte selected for a difficult Service. — His Success, and its Reward. — His Marriage 302 C .XXXVIII. — Another Change in the Constitution of Government. — Commencement of the Campaign in Italy 303 CLXXXIX. —More about the Italian Campaign. — Battle of Lodi. — Taking of Arcola. — Bonaparte saved by his Grenadiers 304 CXC. — More about Napoleon Bonaparte, 305 CXCI. — Conclusion of the Italian War. — Treaty of Leoben 306 CXCII. —Life at Montebello. —Peace of Campo Formio, 308 CXCni. — Bonaparte's Reception at Paris. — Description of his Appearance at this Time. — A new Expedition, 309 CXCIV. — The Expedition to Egypt 310 CXCV. — Triumphal Progress of Bonaparte through France. — Is made First Consul, 313 CXCVL— The Passage over Mount St. Bernard 314 CXCVH. — Battles of Marengo and Hohenlinden. — Peace of Luneville and of Amiens 316 CXCVm. — Napoleon elected Emperor of the French 318 CXCIX. — War renewed. — Battle of Austerlitz. — Peace of Presburg. — Column in the Place Vendome, 31ij CC. — The Battle of Trafalgar. — More Victories of Napoleon. —The Peace of Tilsit. — Meeting of Emperors, .321 CCI. — The Queen of Prussia. — Napoleon makes new Kings 32i CCII. — Austria is again subdued. — Peace of Vienna. — Marriage of Napoleon with Maria Louisa, 324 CCIII. — Disastrous Russian Campaign. — Burning of Moscow. — Destruction of the Grand Army, 326 CCIV. — France is invaded by her Enemies. — Abdication of Napoleon, . 329 CCV. — Of the Parisians 330 CCV1. — Louis XVIII. called to the Throne. — Return of Napoleon from Elba. — His Reception in France 331 CCVII.— The Allies again make War upon France. —Battle of Waterloo, . 333 CCVIII. — Napoleon is sent to St. Helena. — His Death 335 CCIX. — Death of Marshal Ney. — Escape of Lavallette, 336 CCX. — State of Parties in France 337 CCXI. —Charles X. — The Liberal Party gains Strength. —War with Algiers, 339 CCXII. — Commencement of the Revolution of the Three Days, . . . 340 CCXIII. — Conclusion ofthe Revolution. — La Fayette again in command of the National Guard, 341 CCXIV. — Louis Philippe called to the Throne .342 CCXV. — About the French People, . 344 CCXVL— Tables of Royal Families, **t« rSS FRANCE AS IT NOW IS

Chapter 1

Boundaries, Extent, Climate, cj-c. 1. France is one of the most important states in Europe. It is situated in the western part of Europe, and lies about three thousand two hundred miles east of the United States. By looking at the map on the next page, it will be perceived that it is bounded on the south by Spain and the Mediterranean Sea; on the east by Sardinia, Swit zerland, and Germany ; on the north by Belgium and the English Chan ; and on the west by the Bay of Biscay, which is a part of the A ihtic Ocean. Corsica, a fine island in the Mediterranean, belongs to France. 2. The most famous rivers of France, are the Garonne, the Loire. the Rhone, and the Seine. The Pyrenees are a range of high mountains between France and Spain ; and the Alps separate France Introduction. — Chap. I., verse 1.

What of France" In what part of Europe is France? Point towards France. How far off is France from the United Stales I How is France bounded on the north ? East? South? West? What of Corsica? 2. What are the most famous rivers of France? Which way does Ihe Garonne flow? Where does it empty? Which way does the Rhone flow ? Where does il empty ? Which way doss the Seine Bow? Where does it empty ? Whal ofthe Pyrenees? The Alps? Tb.

INTRODUCTION.

. from Switzerland and Italy. In the centre of the kingdom is a chain of mountains called the Cevennee. 3. France is about 600 miles long, and nearly as wide. It con tains 205,000 square miles ; and is almost twice as large as Great Britain, and four times as large as the state of New York. Its population is 37,300,000, which is greater than that of the United States. France is divided into 89 departments, somewhat like our counties. These departments are generally named from the rivers that run through them. A Map os France follows. 4. The climate of France is very pleasant. At Paris, the weather Is much the same as at Washington ; at Marseilles, it is warmer, and resembles that of Charleston, in South Carolina. The traveller in France will observe that the people are able to live a great deal ou' of doors, which gives the country a lively and cheerful aspect. 5.

It is a very fruitful country, producing great quantities of wheat, Cevennes? 3. Lenelh of France? Width? Its extent? Population? Departments? 4. Climate? Weather al Paris ? At Marseilles ? 5. Productions ofFrance? Questions on lite Map. Which way is Paris from London? Coisica from Paris? Direction of the following places from Paris — Toulouse? Marseilles? Lyons? Rheims? Nisines? Bordeaux? Metz? Orleans? Calais? Nantes? Bresl? Havre? Solssons J

INTRODUCTION.

. 11 rye, oits and barley; it -.bounds in fruits, such as cherries, grapes, Igs, peaches, &c. Fro a the grapes large quantities of wine are made.

Chapter II

About the Towns, Cities, and Inhabitants of France. Palace of the Tuileries. 1. Paris is one of the gayest and most beautiful cities in the world It is enclosed by a wall, and contains about a million of inhabitants. The river Seine passes tlnough the city, and is crossed by several beautiful bridges. Louis Philippe and Maria Amelia, the last King and Queen of France 2. Among the fine buildings of Paris, the palace of the Tuileries takes the first rank It was the favorite residence of the Kings of II— 1 Whalof Paris? The wall? The Seine? 2. Whal of Ihe Tuile-ieB? Wh.

INTRODUCTION.

. France, for many years. The last king who lived there was Louis Philippe; he came to the throne in 1830, but in 1848 he was driven away by the people, and fled to London. At the present time (1865) France is an empire, and an emperor is the chief officer. He lives in the Tuileries, in winter. 3. Among the other splendid edifices of Paris are the Madeline Church, the Exchange, the Church of Notre Dame, the Pantheon, the Chamber of Deputies, the Council of State, and the Hotel de Ville, or City Hall. 4. The public gardens of Paris are very beautiful and attractive. That of the Tuileries is laid out with neat gravel walks, and is ornamented by statues, fountains, trees, and flowering plants. It con tains about 70 acres, and is in the heart of the city. It is the resort of the people of leisure, and every sine day thousands of persons ma\ be seen here Among these, there are always hundreds of young children, with their nurses, giving a very lively appearance to the scene. 5.

The Garden of Plants is in the eastern part of the city, and is filled with curious and interesting objects. It has an immense variety of plants and flowers, besides large museums of various curiosities. It has also a collection of rare animals, from all quarters ofthe globe. 6. The Elysian Fields consist of extensive pleasure-grounds, laid out with broad avenues, and decorated by forest trees. The avenues are the daily resort of hundreds of carriages of every description, and thousands of people, drawn hither for amusement and recreation. 7. Among the streets of Paris, that of the Boulevards is the most celebrated. This is several miles in length ; here are the finest shops, and here is the greatest throng of people. Every fair day, this street is filled with crowds of persons, who seem to be seeking pleasure and pastime.

Many of the buildings are seven stories high, and many are in a very rich style of architecture. The beautiful shops, the gay moving throng, the superb edifices — all together form a spectacle of elegance and luxury rivalled by no other street in the world. 8. Paris is more interesting from the fact that the people are polite and cheerful, and always seem to pay respect to a stranger, as if they desired to make him feel happy and at home. One may spend a year in looking at the pictures, statues, gardens, edifices libraries, and institutions, of this famous city. 9. A very curious thing respecting Paris is, that beneath the city, ai the depth of several hundred feet, is a vast oavern, dug out and made a burial-place of the dead. Here many thousands of people have been Juried, and their bones are set in rows, so as to look like a countless ongregation of human skeletons.

This place, called the catacombs, is closed up now, so that people cannot visit it. 10. There are other large towns, as Rouen, very celebrated in his tory, and now famous for its manufactures of jewelry ; Bordeaux famous for its wines ; Havre, the port where American ships gener ally enler ; Marseilles, also famous for wines, and for its extensivs was Ihe last king thai inhabited the Tuileries? What of Louis Philippe? 3. Whal fine buildings in Paris I 4. Describe the Tuileries. 5. Describe the Garden of Plants 6. The Klyjiau Fields. 7. Describe the Buulevards. 9. Describe Ihe catacombs. 1 1 Whal of Rouen? Bordeaux? Havre? Marseilles? Lyons?

INTRODUCTION.

13 commerce ; and Lyons, remarkable for its manufactures of silk There are also many other fine cities and towns in France.