The war romance of the Salvation Army

Foreword

In presenting the narrative of some of the doings of the Salvation Army during the world's great conflict for liberty, I am but aiuswering the insistent call of a most generous and appreciative public.

When moved to activity by the apparent need, there was never a thought that our humble services would awaken the widespread admiration that has developed. In fact, we did not expect anything further than appreciative recognition from those immediately benefited, and the knowledge that our people have proved so useful is an abundant compensation for all toil and sacrifice, for service is our watchword, and there is no reward equal to that of doing the most good to the most people in the most need. When our National Armies were being gathered for overseas work, the likelihood of a great need was self-evident, and the most logical and most natural thing for the Salvation Army to do was to hold itself in readiness for action. That we were straitened in our circumstances is well understood, more so by us than by anybody else. The story as told in these pages is necessarily incomplete, for the obvious reason that the work is yet in progress. We entered France ahead of our Expeditionary Forces, ajid it is my purpose to continue my people's ministries until the last of our troops return. At the present moment the number of our workers overseas equals that of any day yet experienced. Because of the pressure that this service brings, to-

6 FOREWORD

gether with the unmentioned executive aires incident to the vast work of the Salvation Army in these United States, I felt compelled to requisition some competent person to aid me in the literary work associated with the production of a concrete story. In this I was mo6«t fortunate, for a writer of established worth and national fame in the person of Mrs. Grace Livingston Hill came to my assistance ; and having for many days had the privilege of working with her in the sifting process, gathering from the mass of matter that had accumulated and which was being daily added to, with every confidence I am able to commend her patience and toil. How well she has done her work the book wiU bear its own testimony.

This foreword would be incomplete were I to fail in acknowledging in a very definite way the lavish expressions of gratitude that have abounded on the part of "The Boys'^ themselves. This is our reward, and is a very great encouragement to us to continue a growing and more permanent effort for their welfare, which is comprehended in our plans for the future.

The official support given has been of the highest and most generous character. Marshal Foch himself most kindly cabled me, and General Pershing has upon several occasions inspired us with commendatory words of the greatest worth.

Our beloved President has been pleased to reflect the people's pleasure and his own personal gratification upon what the Salvation Army has accomplished with the troops, which good-will we shall ever regard as one of our greatest honors.

The lavish eulogy and sincere affection bestowed by the

FOREWORD 7

nation upon the organization I can only account for by the simple fact that our ministering members have been in spirit and reality with the men.

True to our first light, first teaching, and first practices, we have always put ourselves close beside the man irrespective of whether his condition is fair or foul; whether his surroundings are peaceful or perilous ; whether his prospects are promising or threatening. As a people we have felt that to be of true service to others we must be close enough to them to lift part of their load and thus carry out that grand injunction of the Apostle Paul, " Bear ye one another^s burdens and so fulfill the law of Christ.''

The Salvation Army upon the battlefields of France has but worked along the same lines as in the great cities of the nations. We are, with our every gift to serve, close up to those in need; and so, as Lieut.-Colonel Eoosevelt put it, " Whatever the lot of the men, the Salvation Army is found with them."

We never permit any superiority of position, or breeding, or even grace to make a gap between us and any who may be less fortunate. To help another, you must be near enough to catch the heart-beat. And so a large measure of our success in the war is accounted for by the fact that we have been with them. With a hundred thousand Salvationists on all fronts, and tens and tens of thousands of •Salvationists at their ministering posts in the homelands as well as overseas, from the time that each of the Allied countries entered the war the Salvation Army has been with the fighting-men.

With them in the thatched cottage on the hillside, and in the humble dwelling in the great towns of the home-^

8 FOREWORD

lands, when they faced the great ordeal of wishing good-bye to mothers and fathers and wives and children.

With them in the blood-soaked furrows of old fields; with them in the desolation of No Man's Land; and with them amid the indescribable miseiies and gory horrors of the battlefield. With them with the sweetest ministry, trained in the art of service, white-souled, brave, tenderhearted men and women conld render.

&3

Nationax Headquaeters Salvation- Army, New York City.

The war is over. The world's greatest tragedy is arrested. The awful pull at men's heart-strings relaxed. The inhuman monster that leapt out of the darkness and laid blood-hands upon every home of a peace-blest earth has boin overthrown. Autocracy and diabolical tyrajiny lie defeated and crushed behind the long rows of white crosses that stand like sign-posts pointing heavenward, all the way from the English Channel to the Adriatic, linking the two by an inseverable chain.

While the na/tions were in the throes of the conflict, I was constrained to speak and write of the Salvation Army's activities in the frightful struggle. Now that all is over and I reflect upon the price the nations have paid I realize much hesitancy in so doing.

When I think of England — ^where almost every man you meet is but a piece of a man ! France — one great grave^ 3^ard ! Its towns and cities a wilderness of waste ! The allied countries — Italy, and deathless little Belgium, and Serbia — well-nigh exterminated in the desperate, gory struggle ! When I think upon it — ^the price America has paid! The price her heroic sons have paid! They that come down the gangways of the returning boats on crutches ! They that arc carried down on stretchers ! They that sail into New York Harbor, young and fair, but never again to see the Statue of Liberty ! The price that dear mothers and fathers have paid ! The price that the tens of thousands of little children bave paid ! The price they that sleep in the lands they made free have paid ! When I think upon all this, it is with no little reluctance that I now write of the small part taken by the Salvation Army in the world's titanic sacrifice for liberty, but which part we shall ever regard as our life's crowning honor.

Expressions of surprise from officers of all ranks as well as the private soldier have vied with those of gratitude concerning the efficiency of this service, but no thought of having accomplished any achievement higher than their simplest duty is entertained by the Salvationists themselves; for uniformly they feel that they have but striven to measure up to the high standards of service maintained by the Salvation Army, which standards ask of its officers all over the world that no effort shall be left unprosecuted, no sacrifice unrendered, which will help to meet the need at their door.

And it is such high standards of devoted service to our fellow, linked with the practical nature of the movement's operations, the deeply religious character of its members, its intelligent system of government, uniting, and thus augmenting, all its activities ; with the immense advantage of the military training provided by the organiziation, that give to its officers a potency and adaptability that have for the greater period of our brief lifetime made us an influential factor in seasons of civic and national disaster.

When that beautiful city of the Golden Gate, San Francisco, was laid low by earthquake and fire, the Salvationists were the first upon the ground with blankets, and clothes, and food, gathering frightened little children, looking after old age, and rescuing many from the burning and falling buildings.

At the time of the wild rush to the Klondike, the Salvation Army was, with its sweet, pure women — the only women amidst tens of thousands of men — ^upon the mountain-side of the Chilcoot Pass saving the lives of the goldseekers, and telling those shattered by disappointment of treasure that ^^ doth not perish .''

At the time of the Jamestown, the Gralveston, and the Dayton floods the Salvation Army officer, with his boat laden with sandwiches and warm wraps, was the first upon the rising waters, ministering to maxooned and starving f aimilies gathered upon the housetops.

In the direful disaster that swept over the beautiful city of Halifax, the Mayor of that city stated : " I do not know what I should have done the first two or three days following the explosion, when everyone was panic-stricken, without the ready, intelligent, and unbroken day-and-night effonts of the Salvation Anny.'^

On numerous other similar occasions we have relieved distress and sorrow by our almost instantaneous service. Hence when our honored President decided that our National Emblem, heralder of the inalienable rights of man, should cross the seas and wave for the freedom of the peoples of the earth, automatically the Salvation Army moved with it, and our officers passed to the varying posts of helpfulness which the emergency demanded.

Now on all sides I am confronted with the question: What is the secret of the Salvation Army's success in the war?

Permit me to suggest three reasons which, in my judgment, account for it:

First, when the war-bolt fell, when the clarion call sounded, it found the Salvation Army ready!

Eeady not only with our material machinery, but with that precious piece of human mechanism which is indispensable to all great and high achieyemenit — ^the right calibre of man, and the right calibre of woman. Men and womeai equipped by a careful training for the work they would have to do.

We were not many in number, I admit. In France our numbers have been regrettably few. But this is because I have felt it was better to fall short in quantity than to run the risk in falling shori; in quality. Quality is its own multiplication table. Quality without quantity will spread, whereas quantity without quality will shrink. Therefore, I would not send any officers to France except such as had been fuUy equipped in our training schools.

Few have even a remote idea of the extensive training given to all Salvation Army officers by our military system of education, covering all the tactics of that pari:icular warfare to which they have consecrated their lives — the service of humanity.

We have in the Salvation Army thiriy-nine Training Schools in which our own men and women, both for our missionary and home fields, receive an intelligent tuition and practical training in the minutest details of their service. They are trained in the finest and most intricate of all the ariss, the art of dealing ably with human life.

It is a wonderful art which transfigures a sheet of cold grey canvas into a throbbing vitality, and on its inanimate spread visualizes a living picture froan which one feels they can never turn their eyes away.

It is a wonderful art which takes a rugged, knotted block of marble, standing upon a coarse wooden bench, and cuts out of its uncomely crudeness — as I saw it done — the face of my father, with its every feature illumined with prophetic light, so true to life that I felt that to my touch it surely must respond.

But even such arte as these cruimble; they are as dust imder our feet compared with that much greater art, the art of dealing ably with human life in all its varying cotvditions and phases.

It is in this art that we seek by a most careful culture and training to perfect our officers.

They are trained in those expert measures which enable them to handle satisfactorily those that cannot handle themselves, those that have lost their grip on things, and that if unaided go down under the high, rough tides.

Trained to meet emergencies of every character — to leap into the breach, to span the gulf, and to do it without waiting to be told how.

Trained to press at every cost for the desired and decided-upon end.

Trained to obey orders willingly, and gladly, and wholly — ^not in part.

Trained to give no quarter to the enemy, no jnaiter what the character, nor in what form he may present himself, and to never consider what personal advantage may be derived.

Trained in the art of the winsome, attractive coquetries of the round, brown doughnut and all its kindred.

Trained, if needs be, to seal their services with their life's blood.

One of our women officers, on being told by the colonel of the regiment she would be killed if she persisted in serving her doughnuts and cocoa to the men while under heavy fire, and that she must get back to safety, replied : " Colonel, we can die with the men, but we cannot leave them.''

When, therefore, I gathered the little companies together for their last charge before they sailed for France,

I would tell them that while I was unable to arm them with many of the advantages of the more wealthy denominations; that while I could give them only a very few assistants owing to the great demand upon our forces; and that while I could promise them nothing beyond their bare expenses, yet I knew that without fear I could rely upon them for an unsurpassed devotion to the God-inspired standards of the emblem of this, the world's greatest Republic, the Stars and Stripes, now in the van for the freedom of the peoples of the earth. That I could rely upon them for unsurpassed devotion to the brave men who laid their lives upon the altar of their country's protection, and that I could rely upon them for an imsurpassed devotion to that other banner, the Banner of Calvary, the significance of which has not changed in nineteen centuries, and by the standards of which, alone, all the world's wrongs can be redressed, and by the standards of which alone men can be liberated from all their bondage. And they have not failed.

A further reason for the success of the Salvation Army in the war is, it found us accustomed to hardship.

We are a people who have thrived on adversity. Opposition, persecution, privation, abuse, hunger, cold and wanit were with us at the starting-post, and have journeyed with us all along the course.

We went to the battlefields no strangers to suffering. The biting cold winds that swept the fields of Flanders werfe not the first to lash our faces. The sunless cellars, with their mouldy walls and water-seeped floors, where our women sought refuge from shell-fire through the hours of the night, contributed no new or untried experience. In such cellars as these, in their home cities, under the flicker of a tallow candle, they have ministered to the sick and comforted the dying.

Wet feet, lack of sleep, being often without food, finding things different from what we had plajmed, hoped and expected, were frequent experiences with us. All such things we Salvationists encounter in our daily toils for others amid the indescribable miseries and inestimable sorrows, the sins and the tragedies of the underworlds of our great cities — ^the underneath of those great cities which upon the surface thunder with enterprise and glitter with brilliance.

We are not easily affrighted by frowns of fortune. We do not change our course because of contrary currents, nor put into harbor because of head-winds. Almost all our progress has been made in the teeth of the storm. We have always had to "tack,'^ but as it is *^the set of the sails, and not the gales ^' that decides the ports we reach, the competency of our seamanship is determined by the fact that we " get there.^'

Our service in France was not, therefore, an experiment, but an organized, tested, and proved system. We were enacting no new role. We were all through the Boer Wat. Our officers were with the besieged troops in Mafeking and Ijadysmith. They were with Lord Kitchener in his victorious march through Africa. It was this grand soldier who afterwards wrote to my father. General Williatoi Booth, the Founder of our movement, saying: "Your men have given us an example both of how to live as good soldiers and how to die as heroes/' And so it was quite natural that our men and women, with that fearlessness which characterizes our members, should take up positions under fire in Fraaice.

In fact, our officers would have considered themselves unfaithful to Salvation Army traditions and history, and imtrue to those who had gone before, if they had deserted any post, or shirked any duty, because cloaked with the shadows of death.

This explains why their dear forms loomed up in the fog and the rain, in the hours of the night, on the roads, under shell fire, serving coffee and doughnuts.

This is how it was they were with tliem on the long dreary marches, with a smile and a song and a word of cheer.

This is how it is the Salvation Army has no " closing hours." " Taps " sound for us when the need is relieved.

Three of our women officers in the Toul Sector had slept for three weeks in a hay-stack, in an open field, to be near the men of an ammunition train taking supplies to the front under cover of darkness. The boys had watched their continued, devoted service for them. — ^the many nights without sleep — and noticing the shabby uniform of the little officer in charge, collected among themselves 1600 francs, and ofl^ered it to her for a new one, and some other comforts, the spokesman saying : " This is just to show you how grateful we are to you." The officer was deeply touched, but told them she could not think of accepting it for herself. " I am quite accustomed to hard toils," she eaid. " I have only done what ail my comrades are doing — my duty," and oifered to compromise by putting the money into a general fund for the benefit of all — ^to buy more doughnuts and more coffee for the boys.

Salvation Army teaching and practice is: Choose your purpose, then set your face as flint toward that purpose, permitting no enemy that can oppose, and no sacrifice that can be asked, to turn you from it.

Again, a reason for our success in the war is, our practical religion.

That is, our religion is practicable. Or, I would rather say, OUT Christianity is practicable. Few realize this as the secret of our success, and some who do realize it will not admit it, but this is what it really is.

We do worship; both in spirit and form, in public amd in private. We rely upon prayer as the only line of communication between the creature and his Creator, the only wing upon which the soul's requirements and hungerings can be wafted to the Fount of all spiritual supply. Through our street, as well as our indoor meetings, perhaps oftener than any other people, we come to the masses with the divine benediction of prayer; and it would be difficult to find the Salvationist's home that does not regard the family altar as its most precious and priceless treasure.

We do preach. We prea^ch God the Creator of earth and heaven, unerring in His wisdom, infinite in His love and omnipotent in His power. We preach Jesus Christ, God's only begotten Son, dying on Calvary for a world's transgressions, able to save to the uttermost " all those who come unto God by Him." We preach God the Holy Ghost, sanotifier and comforter of the souls of men, making white the life, and kindling lights in every dark landing-place. We preach the Bible, authentic in its statements, immaculate in its teaching, and glorious in its promises. We preach grace, limitless grace, grace enough for all men, and grace enough for each. We preach Hell, the irrevocable doom of the soul that rejects the Saviour. We preach Heaven, the home of the righteous, the reward of the good, the crowning of them that endure to the end.

Even as we preach, so we practice Christianity. We reduce theory to action. We apply faith to deeds. We confess and present Jesus Christ in things that can be done.

It i« this that has carried our flag into sixty^hree countries and colonies, and despite the bitterest opposition 2 has given us the financial support of twenty-one national governments. It is tliis that has brought us up from a little handful of humble workers to aji organization with 21,000 officers and workers, preaching the gospel in thirtynine tongues. It is this that has multiplied the one bandsman and a despised big drum to an army of 27,000 musiciains, and it is this — our practice of religion — ^that has placed Christ in deeds.

Arthur E. Copping gives as the reason for the movement's success — ^''the simple, thorough-going, uncompromising, seven-days-a-week character of its Christianity.''

It is this every-day-use religion which has made us of infinite service in the places of toil, breakage, and suffering ; this every-day-use religion which has made us the only resource for thousands in misery and vice; this every-day-use religion which has insured our success to an extent that has induced civic authorities. Judges, Mayors, Governors, and even I^ational Governments — such as India with its Criminal Tribes — to turn to us with the problems of the poor and the wicked.

While the Salvationist is not of the generally understood ascetic or monastic type, yet his spirit and deeds are of the very essence of saintliness.

As man has arrested the lazy cloud sleeping on the brow of the hill, and has brought it down to enlighten our darkness, to carry our mail-bags, to haul our luggage, and to flash our messages, so, I would say with all reverence, that the Salvation Army in a very particular way has again brought down Jesus Christ from the high, high thrones, golden pathways, and wing-spread angels of Glory, to the common mud walks of earth, and has presented Him again in the flesh to a storm-torn world, touching and healing the wounds, the bruises, and the bleeding sores of hulmianity.

That was a wonderful sermon Christ preached on the Mount, but was it more wonderful than the ministry of the wounded man fallen by the roadside, or the drying of the tears from the pale, worn face of the widow of Nain? Or more wonderful than when He said, Let them come — ^let them come — mothers and the little children — and blessed them?

It has only been this same Christ, this Christ in deeds, when our women have washed the blood from the faces of the wounded, and taken the caked mud from their feet; when under fire, through the hours of the night, they have made the doughnuts; when instead of sleeping they have written the letters home to soldiers' loved ones, when they have lifted the heavy pails of water and struggled with them over the shell-wrecked roads that the dying soldiers might drink; when they have sevm the torn uniforms; when they have strewn wdth the first spring flowers the graves of those who died for liberty. Only Christ in deeds when our men went unarmed into the horrors of the Argonne Forest to gather the dying boys in their arms and to comfort them with love, human and divine.

That valiant champion of justice and truth ; that faithful, able and brilliant defender of American standards, the late Honorable Theodore Roosevelt, told me personally a few days before he went into the hospital that his son wrote him of how our officer, fifty-three years of age, despite his orders, went unarmed over the top, in the whirlwind of the charge, amidst the shriek of shell and tear of shrapnel, and picked up the American boy left for dead in No Man's Land, carrying him on his back over the shell-torn fields to safety.

It is this Christ in deeds that has made the doug-hnut to take the place of the *^ ciap of cold water " given in His

«0 FROM THE COMIilANDER'S OWN PEN

name. It is this Christ in deeds that has brought from our humble ranks the modem Florence Nightingales and taken to the gory horrors of the battlefields the white, uplifting influences of pure womanhood. It is this Christ in deeds that made Sir Arthur Stanley say, when thanking our Genral for $10,000 donated for more ambulances: "I thank you for the money, but much more for the men; they are quite the best in our service.'^

It is this Christ who has given to our humblest service a sheen — something of a glory — ^which the troops have caught, and which will make these simple deeds to hold tenaciously to history, and to outlive the effacing fingers of time — even to defy the very dissolution of death.

As Premier Clemenceau said: ^^We must love. We must believe. This is the secret of life. If we fail to learn this lesson, we exist without living: we die in ignorance of the reality of life."

A senator, after several months spent in France, stated : "It is my opinion that the secret of the success of this organization is their complete abandonment to their cause, ihe service of the man/'

Of the many beautiful tributes paid to us by a most gracious public, and by the noblest-hearted and most kindly and gallant army that ever stood up in uniform, perhaps the most correct is this: Complete abandonment to the service of the man.

This, in large measure, is the cause of our sucscess all over the world.

When you come to think of it, the Salvation Army is a remarkable arrangement. It is remarkable in its construction. It is a great empire. An empire geographically

•unlike any other. It is an empire without a frontier. It is an empire made up of geographical fragments, parted from each other by vast stretches of railroad and immense sweeps of sea. It is an empire composed of a tangle of races, tongues, and colors, of types of civilization and enlightened barbarism such as never before in all human history gathered together under one flag.

It is an army, with its titles rambling into all languages, a soldiery spreading over all lands, a banner upon which the sun never goes down — with its head in the heart of a cluster of islands set in the grey, wind-blown Northern seas, while its territories are scattered over every sea and under every sky.

The world has wondered what has been the controlling force holding this strange empire together. What is the electro-magnetism governing its furthest atom as though it were at your elbow ? What is the magic sceptre that compels this diversity of peoples to act as one man ? What is the master passion uniting these multifarious pulsations into one heart-beat?

Has it been a swom-to signature attached to bond or paper? No; these can all too readily be designated " scraps ^' and be rent in twain. Has it been self -interest and worldly fame? No, for all selfish gain has had to be sacrificed upon the threshold of the contract. Has it been the bond of kinship, or blood, or speech? No, for under this banner the British master has become the servant of the Hindoo, and the American has gone to lay down his life upon the veldts of Africa. Has it been the bond of that almost supernatural force, glorious patriotism? No, not even this, for while we " know no man after the flesh,"

we recognize our brother in all the families of the earth, and our General infused into the breasts of his followers the sacred conviction that the Salvationist's country is the world.

What was it? What is it? Those ties created by a spiritual ideal. Our love for God demonstrated by our sacrifice for man.

My father, in a private audience with the late King Edward, said : " Your Majesty, some men's passion is gold; some men's passion is art; some men's passion is fame ; my passion is man ! "

This was in our Founder's breast the white flame which ignited like sparks in the hearts of all his followers.

Man is our life's passion.

It isi for man we have laid our lives upon the altar. It is for man we have entered into a contract with our 6rod which signs away our claim to any and all selfish ends. It is for man we have sworn to our own hurt, and — ^my God thou knowest — when the hurt came, hard and hot and fast, it was for man we held tenaciously to the bargain.